m^m 




Hxovv of IV///, 



CORNELL LAB 0/ ORNITHOLOGY 



LIBRARY 



At Sapsucker Woods 



Illustration of Snowy Owl by Louis Agassii Fuerces 




3 1924 090 256 888 



DATE DUF 




I Cornell University 

 P Library 



The original of tiiis book is in 

 the Cornell University Library. 



There are no known copyright restrictions in 

 the United States on the use of the text. 



http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924090256888 






SMITHSOlSriAISJ" INSTITTJTIOlSr. 



rXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



BULLETIN 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ISTo. 5 0. 



Paet II. 



WASHINGTON: 



GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

 1902. 





THE BIEDS 



NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA: 



A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 



HIGHER GROUPS, GENERA, SPECIES, AND SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS 



KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA, FROM THE 



ARCTIC LANDS TO THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA, 



THE WEST INDIES AND OTHER ISLANDS 



OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, AND THE 



GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. 



CUBATOR, DIVISION OF BIRDS. 



Paet II. 



Family TANAGRIDJl— The Tanagers. 

 Family IOTERID.ai— The Troupials, 

 Family OffiREBID.*— The Honey Creepers. 

 Family MNIOTILTIDJl— The Wood Warblers, 



WASHINGTON: 



GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

 1902. 




o<. '-^ 



a'6\ 




PREFACE. 



The present volume is the second of a series which will probably 

 require eight volumes for completion. It contains the following fami- 

 lies: Tanagridse (Tanagers), Icteridse (Troupials), CoerebidEe (Honey 

 Creepers), and Mniotiltidse (Wood Warblers). Part I, issued in 1901, 

 included the Family Fringillidse (Finches) alone. Part III, which is 

 well under way, will include the Motacillidse (Wagtails and Pipits), 

 Hirundinidse (Swallows), Vireonidse (Vireos), Ampelidee (Waxwings), 

 Ptiliogonatidae (Silken Chatterers), Dulidse (Palm Chatterers), Laniidee 

 (Shrikes), Corvidag (Crows and Jays), Paridse (Titmice), Sittidee 

 (Nuthatches), Certhiidse (Creepers), Troglodytidse (Wrens), Cinclidse 

 (Dippers), Chamseiidse (Wren-tits), and Sylviidse (Kinglets, etc.), and 

 will probably go to press some time during the present year. The 

 remaining volumes are all in a more or less advanced stage of prepara- 

 tion^ and it is hoped that these may follow at the rate of two a year. 



Acknowledgments for the loan of material for use in the prepara- 

 tion of the present volume are due to the persons and public institu- 

 tions mentioned in Part I (pages xii, xiii), and also to Dr. A. K. Fisher, 

 Myiarchus. William Palmer, and Myiarchus. Paul Bartsch, of Washington, District 

 of Columbia. Both Dr. Fisher and Myiarchus. Palmer should have been 

 mentioned in Part I in this connection, and the inadvertent omission 

 of their names is much regretted. 



Most of the measurements of specimens for the present volume were 

 made by Myiarchus. J. H. Riley, Myiarchus. Sidney S. Wilson, and Myiarchusss Frances E. 

 Swett. 



Robert Ridgway. 



September 6, 1902. 





TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Family Tanagrid^. The Tanagers 1 



Key to the Genera of Tanagridse 2 



Genus 1. Ohlorophonia Bonaparte 4 



Key to the Species of Chlorophonia 5 



1. Chlorophonia occipitalis (Du Bus) 6 



2. Chlorophonia callophrys (Cabanis) 7 



Genus 2. Euphonia Deamarest 8 



Key to the Species of Euphonia 9 



3. Euphonia elegantissima (Bonaparte) 12 



4. Euphonia musica (Gmelin) • 13 



5. Euphonia sclateri Sundevall 15 



6. Euphonia flavifrons (Sparrman) 15 



7. Euphonia annese Oassin 17 



8. Euphonia fulvicrissa Sclater 18 



9. Euphonia gracilis (Cabanis) " 19 



10. Euphonia luteicapilla (Cabanis) 20 



11. Euphonia affinis (Lesson) 21 



12. Euphonia minuta humilis (Cabanis) 23 



13. Euphonia godmani Brewster 24 



14. Euphonia hirundinacea Bonaparte 25 



15. Euphonia crassirostris Sclater 28 



16. Euphonia gouldi Sclater •. 29 



Genus 3. Pyrrhuphonia Bonaparte 31 



17. Pyrrhuphonia Jamaica (Linnaeus) '. 31 



Genus 4. Buthrai:^is Cabanis 32 



18. Buthraupis arcsei Sclater and Salvin 33 



19. Buthraupis cseruleigularis Cherrie 34 



Genus 5. Calospiza Gray 34 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Calospiza 36 



20. Calospiza icterocephala (Bonaparte) 37 



21. Calospiza florida florida (Sclater and Salvin) ' 39 



22. Calospiza florida arcsei Ridgway 40 



23. Calospiza guttata chrysophrys (Sclater) 40 



24. Calospiza cabanisi (Sclater) 42 



25. Calospiza gyroloidea (Lafresnaye) 43 



26. Calospiza lavinia (Cassin) 46 



27. Calospiza dowii (Salvin) 46 



28. Calospiza larvata larvata (Du Bus) 47 



29. Calospiza larvata fanny (Lafresnaye) 49 



30. Calospiza inornata (Gould) _ - - 51 



31. Calospiza cucullata (Swainaon) 52 



32. Calospiza versicolor (Lawrence) 53 



Genus 6. Tanagra Linnaeus - 54 



VII 




VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Key to the Species of Tanagra 55 



33. Tanagra cana Swainson 55 



34. Tanagra palmarum melanoptera (Sclater) 58 



35. Tanagra abbas Lichtenstein 60 



Genus 7. Spindalis Jardine and Selby 62 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Spindalis 63 



36. Spindalis nigricephala (Jameson) ^ 64 



37. Spindalis portoricensis (Bryant) 65 



38. Spindalis multicolor (Vieillot) 67 



39. Spindalis pretrei (Lesson) - - . 68 



40. Spindalis zena zena (Linnajus) ;. - - 70 



41. Spindalis zena townsendi Ridgway '. . . 72 



42. Spindalis benedicti Ridgway , , , 72 



43. Spindalis salvini Cory 74 



Genus 8. Piranga Vieillot 75 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Piranga 76 



44. Piranga rubra rubra (Linnaeus) 79 



45. Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway 83 



40. Piranga hepatica Swainson 84 



47. Piranga testacea testacea Sclater and Salvin 86 



48. Piranga testacea figlina (Salvin and Godman) 87 



49. Piranga erythromelas (Vieillot) 88 



50. Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson) 91 



51. Piranga bidentata bidentata Swainson 95 



52. Piranga bidentata flammea Ridgway 96 



53. Piranga bidentata sanguinolenta (Lafresnaye) 96 



54. Piranga roseo-gularia roseo-gularis Cabot 98 



55. Piranga roseo-gularis cozumelse Ridgway 99 



56. Piranga leucoptera leucoptera Trudeau 99 



57. Piranga leucoptera latifasciata Ridgway 101 



58. Piranga erythrocephala (Swainson) 102 



Genus 9. Heterospingus Ridgway ^ 103 



Key to the Species of Heterospingus 103 



59. Heterospingus xanthopygius (Sclater) 104 



60. Heterospingus rubrif-rons (Lawrence) _ . 104 



Genus 10. Hemithraupis Cabanis 105 



61. Hemithraupis chrysomelas (Sclater and Salvin) 106 



Genus 11. Ramphocelus Desmarest 107 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Ramphocelus 108 



62. Ramphocelus passerinii Bonaparte 109 



63. Ramphocelus costaricensis Cherrie Ill 



64. Ramphocelus chrysopterua Boucard 112 



65. Ramphocelus icteronotus Bonaparte 113 



66. Ramphocelus inexpectatua Rothschild 114 



67. Ramphocelus festse Salvador! _ 115 



68. Ramphocelus dunstalli Rothschild 115 



69. Ramphocelus luciani Lafresnaye 115 



70. Ramphocelus dimidiatus dimidiatus Lafresnaye 116 



71. Ramphocelus dimidiatus isthmicus Ridgway 118 



72. Ramphocelus dimidiatus limatus (Bangs) 119 



73. Ramphocelus uropygialis Bonaparte 119 



Genus 12. Phlogothraupia Sclater and Salvin 120 



74. Phlogothraupia sanguinolenta (Lesson) 120 



Genus 13. Lanio Vieillot 122 




TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX 



Page. 



Kej' to the Species of Lanio 122 



75. Lanio aurantiua Lafresnaye : 123 



76. Lanio leucothorax Salvin 124 



77. Lanio melanopygius Salvin and Godman 125 



Genus 14. Phsenicophilus Strickland , 126 



Key to the Species of Phsenicophilus 127 



78. Phsenicophilus palmarum (Linnreus) 127 



79. Phsenicophilus poliocephalus ( Bonaparte ) 128 



Genus 15. Tachyphonus Vieillot 129 



Key to the Species of Tachyphonus 1,S0 



80. Tachyphonus rufus ( Boddaert) 1,30 



81. Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafresnaye and D' Orbigny 132 



82. Tachyphonus axillaris Lawrence 134 



88. Tachyphonus nitidissimus Salvin ' 136 



84. Tachyphonus delattrii Lafresnaye 136 



Genus 16. Eucometis Scla.ter 138 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Eucometis 138 



85. Eucometis cristata (Du Bus) 139 



86. Eucometis spodocephala spodocephala (Bonaparte) 139 



87. Eucometis spodocephala pallida Berlepsch 140 



88. Eucometis spodocephala stictothorax Berlepsch 141 



Genus 17. Phoenicothraupis Cabanis .' 141 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Phcenicothraupis 142 



89. Phcenicothraupis rubica rubicoides (Lafresnaye) 144 



90. Phoenicothraupis rubica nelsoni Ridgway 145 



91. Phoenicothraupis rubica vinacea (Lawrence) 146 



92. Phoenicothraupis rubica afBnis (Nelson) 147 



93. Phcenicothraupis rubica rosea (Nelson) 147 



94. Phoenicothraupis salvini salvini Berlepsch 148 



95. Phoenicothraupis salvini littoralis (Nelson) 149 



96. Phoenicothraupis salvini discolor Ridgway 150 



97. Phcenicothraupis salvini peninsularis Ridgway 151 



98. Phcenicothraupis salvini insularis ( Salvin ) 152 



99. Phoenicothraupis f uscicauda Cabanis 152 



Genus 18. Ohlorothraupis Ridgway 154 



Key to the Species of Ohlorothraupis 154 



100. Ohlorothraupis olivacea (Oassin) ; 154 



101. Ohlorothraupis carmioli (Lawrence) 155 



Genus 19. Nesospingus Sclater - 156 



102. Nesospingus speculiferus Lawrence. 156 



Genus 20. Chlorospingus Oabanis - - 157 



Key to the Species of Chlorospingus - 158 



102. Chlorospingus olivaceus (Bonaparte) 159 



103. Chlorospingus postocularis Cabanis - 160 



104. Chlorospingus ophthalmicus (Du Bus) 160 



105. Chlorospingus sumichrasti Ridgway 162 



106. Chlorospingus albifrons Salvin and (iodman , . . - 162 



107. Chlorospingus albitempora (Lafresnaye) - 163 



108. Chlorospingus pileatus Salyin 165 



109. Chlorospingus punctulatus Sclater and Salvm ^ 166 



110. Chlorospingus olivaceiceps Underwood - - - 166 



in. Chlorospingus hypophfeus Sclater and Salvin 167 



Genus 21. Myiarchustrospingus Ridgway 16' 



112. Myiarchustrospingus cassini (Lawrence) 168 




X TABLE OF COKTENTS. 



Page. 



Family Icterid^. The Troupials 169 



Key to the Genera of Icteridse - 173 



Genus 1. Zarhynchus Oberholser 175 



1. Zarhynchus wagleri wagleri (Gray) - . 176 



2. Zarhynchus wagleri mexicanus Ridgway 178 



Genus 2. Gymnostinops Sclater 178 



Key to the Species of Gymnostinops 179 



3. Gymnostinops montezuma (Lesson) 180 



4. Gymnostinops cassini Richmond 181 



5. Gymnostinops guatimozinus (Bonaparte ) 182 



Genus 3. Ostinops Cabanis 183 



6. Ostinops decumanus (Pallas) 184 



Genus 4. Cacicus Lac^pede 186 



Key to the Species of Cacicus - 188 



7. Cacicus vitellinus Lawrence \ 188 



8. Cacicus microrhynchus (Sclater and Salvin) 189 



Genus 5. Cassiculns Swainson 190 



9. Cassiculus melanicterus (Bonaparte) 191 



Genus 6. Amblycerous Cabanis 192 



10. Amblycercus holosericeus (Lichtenstein) 194 



Genus 7. Cassidix Lesson 196 



Key to the Subspecies of Cassidix oryzivora 197 



11. Cassidix oryzivora violea Bangs 197 



12. Cassidix oryzivora mexicana (Lesson) 199 



Genus 8. Callothrus Cassin 200 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Callothrus 201 



13. Callothrus robustus (Cabanis) 201 



14. Callothrus feneus aeneus ( Wagler) , _ 203 



15. Callothrus seneus assimilis Nelson 204 



Genus 9. Molothrus Swainson , 205 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Molothrus 207 



16. Molothrus ater ater (Boddaert) 207 



17. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmelin) 210 



18. Molothrus atronitens (Cabanis) 211 



Genus 10. Quiscalus Vieillot 212 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Quiscalus ^ 214 



19. Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linnceus) 215 



20. Quiscalus quiscula aglreus (Baird ) 217 



21. Quiscalus quiscula a;neus (Ridgway ) 219 



Genus 11. Holoquiscalua Cassin 222 



Key to the Species of Holoquiscalus 224 



22. Holoquiscalus gundlachii ( Cassin) 226 



23. Holoquiscalus jamaicensis (Daudin) 22" 



24. Holoquiscalus niger ( Boddaert) 228 



25. Holoquiscalus brachypterus (Cassin) 228 



26. Holoquiscalus caymanensis (Cory) 229 



27. Holoquiscalus fortirostris (Lawrence) 229 



28. Holoquiscalus inflexirostris (Swainson) 230 



29. Holoquiscalus martinicensis Ridgway 231 



30. Holoquiscalus guadeloupensis ( Lawrence) 232 



31. Holoquiscalus luminosus (Lawrence) 232 



32. Holoquiscalus rectirostris ( Cassin ) 233 



Genus 12. Megaquiscalus Cassin ' 233 




TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI 



Page. 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Megaquiscalus 235 



33. Megaquiscalus major major ( Vieillot ) 236 



34. Megaquiscalus major macrourus (Swainson) 238- 



35. Megaquiscalus major obscurus (Nelson ) 24L 



36. Megaquiscalus major graysoni (Sclater) 241 



37. Megaquiscalus major nelsoni Ridgway 242^ 



38. Megaquiscalus tenuirostria (Swainson) 243- 



39. Megaquiscalus nicaraguensis (Salvin and Godman ) 244 



Genus 13. Scolecophagus Swainson 244 



Key to the Species of Scolecophagus 245 



40. Scolecophagus carolinus (Myiarchusller) 246- 



41. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Wagler) 248- 



Genus 14. Ptiloxena Chapman 251 



42. Ptiloxena atroviolacea (D'Orbigny ) 252' 



Genus 15. Dives Cassin 253^ 



43. Dives dives (Lichtenstein) 254 



Genus 16. Icterus Brisson 255 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Icterus „ _ 257 



44. Icterus icterus (Linnaeus) 263- 



45. Icterus oberi Lawrence 265 



46. Icterus maculi-alatus Cassin 265 



47. Icterus northropi Allen 266- 



48. Icterus wagleri Sclater 267" 



49. Icterus prosthemelas (Strickland) 269- 



50. Icterus hypomelas (Bonaparte) 271 



51. Icterus portoricensis (Bryant) 272' 



52. Icterus dominicensis (Linnaeus) 273 



53. Icterus laudabilis Sclater 274 



54. Icterus spurius (Linnaeus) 275 



55. Icterus bonana (Linnjeus) 279' 



56. Icterus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Wagler) 280 



57. Icterus melanocephalus audubonii ( Giraud ) 282' 



58. Icterus pectoralis pectoralis (Wagler) 283 



59. Icterus pectoralis espinachi Ridgway 284 



60. Icterus gularis gularis ( Wagler) 284 



61. Icterus gularis tamaulipensis Ridgway 286 



62. Icterus gularis yucatanensis Berlepsch 287 



63. Icterus cucullatus cucullatus Swainson 287 



64. Icterus cucullatus sennetti Ridgway _ 289 



65. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway 290 



66. Icterus cucullatus igneus Ridgway 291 



67. Icterus cucullatus cozumehe Nelson _ 292 



68. Icterus cucullaius duplexus Nelson 292' 



69. Icterus giraudii Cassin 293^ 



70. Icterus gualanensis Underwood 295 



71. Icterus pustulatus (Wagler) 295 



72. Icterus sclateri Cassin 297 



73. Icterus graysonii Cassin 298 



74. Icterus auratus Bonaparte .' 299 



75. Icterus xanthornus xanthornus (Gmelin ) 300 



76. Icterus xanthornus curasoensis Ridgway 30J 



77. Icterus leucopteryx (Wagler) 303^ 



78. Icterus lawrencii Cory 305 




XII TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 



79. Icterus bairdi Cory - >'^04 



80. Icterus mesomelas ruesomelas ( Wagler) .' 305 



81. Icterus mesomelas salvinii (Cassin) 307 



82. Icterus parisorum Bonaparte - 308 



83. Icterus galbula (Linnaeus) - - 310 



84. Icterus bullockii (Swainson) - 314 



85. Icterus albeillei (Lesson) - 318 



■Genus 17. Agelaius A'ieillot 319 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Agelaius - 322 



86. Agelaius tricolor (Audubon) - 324 



87. Agelaius gubernator gubernator (Wagler) 326 



88. Agelaius gubernator californicus Nelson 327 



89. Agelaius gubernator grandis (Nelson) 329 



90. Agelaius phoenic6us phoeniceus (Linnaeus) 330 



91. Agelaius phoeniceus floridanus Myiarchusynard 333 



92. Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti Ridgway 334 



93. Agelaius phoeniceus richmondi Nelson 335 



94. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway 337 



95. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis Ridgway , 338 



96. Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis Ridgway 339 



97. Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus Ridgway 341 



98. Agelaius assimilis Gundlach 342 



99. Agelaius -humeralis ( Vigors) 343 



100. Agelaius xanthomus (Sclater) 344 



<5enus 18. Nesopsar Sclater 344 



101. Nesopsar nigerrimus (Osburn) 345 



•Genus 19. Xanthocephalus Bonaparte 346 



102. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte) 347 



•Genus 20. Leistes Vigors 350 



103. Leistes militaris (Linnaeus) 351 



•Genus 21. Sturnella Vieillot 353 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Sturnella 356 



104. Sturnella magna magna (Linnaeus) 357 



105. Sturnella magna argutula Bangs 360 



106. Sturnella magna hoopesi Stone 361 



107. Sturnella magna mexicana Sclater 362 



108. Sturnella magna inexpectata Ridgway 364 



109. Sturnella neglecta Audubon 365 



110. Sturnella hippocrepis (Wagler) - 368 



■Genus 22. Dolichonyx Swainson 369 



111. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus) , 370 



Family C(erbbid^. The Honey Creepers 374 



Key to the Genera of Coerebidae 377 



•Genus 1. Diglossa Wagler 378 



Key to the Species of Diglossa 380 



1. Diglossa baritula Wagler 380 



2. Diglossa plumbea Cabanis 381 



•Genus 2. Chlorophanes Reichenbach 382 



3. Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis (Sclater) 383 



■Genus 3. Cyanerpes Oberholser 384 



Key to the Species of Cyanerpes 385 



4. Cyanerpes cyaneus (Linnaeus) 386 



5. Cyanerpes lucidus (Sclater and Salvin) 389 



•Genus 4. Dacnis Cuvier 390 




TABX,E OF CONTENTS. XIII 



Page. 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dacnis 391 



6. Dacnis cayana cayana (Linnteus) _ gg^ 



7. Dacnis cayana ultramarina (Lawrence) 394 



8. Dacnis viguieri Oustalet _ 396 



9. Dacnis venusta Lawrence 39& 



Genus 5. Ccsreba Vieillot _ 398 



Key to the Species ot Coereba 398 



10. Coereba bahamensis (Reichenbach) _ 401 



11. Coereba caboti (Baird ) 404 



12. Coereba sharpei Cory _ _ 404 



13. Coereba tricolor (Ridgway) 405 



14. Coereba luteola (Cabahis) 406- 



15. Coereba cerinoclunis Bangs _ 408 



16. Coereba mexicana (Sclater) ' 40S> 



17. Coereba bananivora (Gmelin) 411 



18. Coereba portoricensis (Bryant) _ 412 



19. Coereba flaveola (Linnaeus) 414 



20. Coereba saccharina (Lawrence) 415 



21. Coereba newtoni (Baird) 41S 



22. Coereba dominicana (Taylor) 417 



23. Coereba bartolemica (Sparrman ) 419- 



24. Coereba barbadensis (Baird) 420 



25. Coereba uropygialis Berlepsch 420> 



26. Coereba martinicana (Reichenbach) 421 



27. Coereba atrata (Lawrence) _ 422 



28. Coereba wellsi Cory 423 



Genus 6. Glossiptila Sclater .,. 423- 



29. Glossiptila ruficollis (Gmelin) 424 



Family Mniotiltid^. The Wood Warblers 425 



Key to the Genera of Mniotiltidfe 42S 



Genus 1. Mniotilta Vieillot 431 



1. Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) 432 



Genus 2. Hehnaia Audubon 1 _ 436 



2. Helinaia swainsonii Audubon 436 



Genns 3. Helmitheros Rafinesque 438' 



3. Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin) 439 



Genus 4. Protonotaria Baird 442 



4. Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert) 442 



Genus 5. Helminthophila Ridgway 445 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Helminthophila 446- 



5. Helminthophila chrysoptera (Linnaeus) 448- 



6. Helminthophila lawrencii (Herrick) 452 



7. Helminthophila leucobronchialia (Brewster) 453 



8. Helminthophila pinus (Linnaeus) 455 



9. Helminthophila bachmani (Audubon) 458 



10. Helminthophila peregrina (Wilson) 460 



11. Helminthophila celata celata (Say) 462 



12. Helminthophila celata lutescens Ridgway 466 



13. Helminthophila celata sordida Townsend 467 



14. Helminthophila rubricapilla rubricapilla (Wilson ) 468 



15. Helminthophila rubricapilla gutturalis Ridgway 470 



16. Helminthophila virginise ( Baird) 471 



17. Helminthophila criasalis Salvin and Godman 473 



18. Helminthophila incise (Cooper) 473 




XIV TABLE OP CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Genus 6. Oreothlypis Ridgway 475 



Key to the Species of Oreothlypis 476 



19. Oreothlypis gutturalis (Cabanis) 476 



20. Oreothlypis superciliosa (Hartlaub) 477 



Oenus 7. Compsothlypis Cabanis 478 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Compsothlypis 479 



21. Compsothlypis americana americana (LinnKUs) 481 



22. Compsothlypis americana usnese Brewster 484 



23. Compsothlypis americana ramalinae Ridgway 486 



24. Compsothlypis pitiayuml speciosa Ridgway 487 



25. Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata ( Baird ) 488 



26. Compsothlypis pitiayumi nigrilora ( Coues) 490 



27. Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra (Brewster) 491 



28. Compsothlypis pitiayumi insularis (Lawrence) 492 



29. Compsothlypis graysoni Ridgway 492 



Genus 8. Peucedramus Coues 493 



30. Peucedramus olivaceus (Giraud) 494 



Genus 9. Dendroica Gray 496 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dendroica 499 



31. Dendroica sestiva aestiva (Gmelin) 508 



32. Dendroica eestiva sonorana Brewster 512 



33. Dendroica sestiva dugesi (Coale) 513 



34. Dendroica sestiva rubiginosa (Pallas) 514 



35. Dendroica petechia petechia (Linnteus) 515 



36. Dendroica petechia auricapilla Ridgway 517 



37. Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman 517 



38. Dendroica petechia bartholemica Sundevall 518 



39. Dendroica petechia gundlachi (Baird) 520 



40. Dendroica petechia aureola ( Gould) 521 



41. Dendroica ruficapilla ruficapilla (Gmelin) 523 



42. Dendroica ruficapilla rufivertex Ridgway 524 



43. Dendroica ruficapilla fla vida (Cory ) 524 



44. Dendroica ruficapilla ruf opileata Ridgway 525 



45. Dendroica ruficapilla capitalis (Lawrence) 526 



46. Dendroica rufigula Baird 526 



47. Dendroica erithachorides Baird 527 



48. Dendroica bryanti bryanti Ridgway 529 



49. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ridgway 530 



50. Dendroica eoa (Gosse) 531 



51. Dendroica maculosa (Gmelin) 532 



52. Dendroica tigrina (Gmelin) 537 



53. Dendroica carbonata (Audubon) 540 



54. Dendroica cserulescens cserulescens ( Gmelin) 541 



55. Dendroica cserulescens cairnsi Coues 545 



56. Dendroica coronata (Linnjeus) 546 



57. Dendroica auduboni auduboni (Townsend) 551 



58. Dendroica auduboni nigrif rons ( Brewster) 555 



59. Dendroica auduboni goldmani (Nelson) 556 



60. Dendroica nigreacens (Townsend) 1 556 



61. Dendroica townsendi (Townsend) 559 



62. Dendroica virens (Gmelin) 582 



63. Dendroica chrysoparia Sclater and Salvin 565 



64. Dendroica occidentalis (Townsend) 567 



65. Dendroica rara (Wilson) 57O 




TABLE OP CONTENTS. XV 



66. Dendroica blackburnise (Gmelin) 574 



67. Dendroica dominica dominica (Linnfeus ) Sgg 



68. Dendroica dominica albilora Ridgway 582 



69. Dendroica gracise gracise Coues 5g4 



70. Dendroica gracise decora Ridgway 535 



71. Dendroica adelaidse Baird 5g7 



72. Dendroica delicata Ridgway 5g8 



73. Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnajus) 539 



74. Dendroica castanea ( Wilson) 592 



75. Dendroica striata (Forster) 595 



76. Dendroica vigorsii vigorsii (Audubon) 599 



77. Dendroica vigorsii achrustera (Bangs) 602 



78. Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis Ridgway 603 



79. Dendroica kirtlandii Baird 603 



80. Dendroica pityophila pityophila (Gundlach) 605 



81. Dendroica pityophila bahamensis Cory 606 



82. Dendroica discolor ( Vieillot) -. 607 



83. Dendroica vitellina Cory 610 



84. Dendroica palmarum palmarum ( Gmelin ) 612 



85. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway 615 



86. Dendroica plumbea Lawrence 617 



87. Dendroica pharetra (Gosse) ^ 618 



Genus 10. Catharopeza Sclater 619 



89. Catharopeza bishopi (Lawrence) 620 



Genus 11. Oporornis Baird 621 



Key to the Species of Oporornis 622 



90. Oporornis formosa (Wilson) 622 



91. Oporornis agilis (Wilson) 625 



92. Oporornis Philadelphia (Wilson) 628 



93. Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend) 631 



Genus 12. Seiurus Swainson 634 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Seiurus 634 



94. Seiurus aurocapillus (Linnaeus) 635 



95. Seiurus motacilla (Vieillot) 639 



96. Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis ( Gmelin) 642 



97. ' Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway 645 



Genus 13. Teretistris Oabanis 648 



Key to the Species of Teretistris 648 



98. Teretistris fernandinse (Lembeye) 649 



99. Teretistris fornsi Gundlach 649 



Genus 14. Leucopeza Sclater 650 



100. Leucopeza semperi Sclater 651 



Genus 15. Myiarchuscroligea Cory 651 



101. Myiarchuscroligea palustris Cory '. 652 



Genus 16. Geothlypis Cabanis 653 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Geothlypis 657 



102. Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnaeus) 661 



103. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla ( Swainson ) 664 



104. Geothlypis trichas ignota Chapman 667 



105. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster 668 



106. Geothlypis trichas arizela Oberholser 670 



107. Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson 672 



108. Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell 672 




XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 



109. Geothlypis trichas melanopa (Baird) 673 



110. Geothlypis rostrata Bryant - 674 



111. Geothlypis maynardi Bangs 676 



112. Geothlypis tanneri Ridgway -1676 



113. Geothlypis incompta Ridgway 677 



114. Geothlypis exigua Ridgway 677 



115. Geothlypis coryi Ridgway 677 



116. Geothlypis flavida Ridgway 678 



117. Geothlypis beldingi Ridgway 679 



118. Geothlypis flavovelata Ridgway 680 



119. Geothlypis flaviceps Nelson 680 



120. Geothlypis chiriquensis Salvin 681 



121. Geothlypis semiflava bairdi (Nutting) 682 ' 



122. Geothlypis speciosa Sclater 683 



123. Geothlypis nelsoni nelsoni Eichmond 685 



124. Geothlypis nelsoni microrhyncha Ridgway 685 



Genus 17. Chamaethlypis Ridgway -. 686 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Chamaethlypis 686 



125. Chamsethlypis poliocephala poliocephala (Baird) 687 



126. Chamaethlypis poliocephala palpebralis Ridgway 689 



127. Chamjethlypis caninucha Ridgway 6"^ 



Genus 18. Icteria Vieillot 6.J1 



Key to the Subspecies of Icteria 691 



128. Icteria virens virens (Linnaeus) 692 



129. Icteria virens longicauda (Lawrence) 695 1 



Genus 19. Granatellus Bonaparte 697 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Granatellus 698 



130. Granatellus venustus Bonaparte 699 



131. Granatellus francescse Baird 700 



132. Granatellus sallaei aallaei Bonaparte 701 



133. Granatellus sallsei boucardi Ridgway 703 



Genus 20. Wilsonia Bonaparte 703 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Wilsonia 704 



134. Wilsonia mitrata (Gmelin) 705. 



135. Wilsonia microcephala Ridgway 709 



136. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla ( Wilson) 710 



137. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata (Pallas ) 712 



138. Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway 714 



139. Wilsonia canadensis (Linnaeus) 716 



Genus 21. Cardellina DuBus 719 



140. Cardellina rubrifrons (Giraud ) - 720 



Genus 22. Setophaga Swainson 722 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Setophaga 723 



141. Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus) 724 



,142. Setophaga picta picta (Swainson) 728 



143. Setophaga picta guatemalae Sharpe 729 



Genus 23. Myioborus Baird 730 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Myioborus .- 731 



144. Myioborus miniatus miniatus (Swainson) 731 



145. Myioborus miniatus flammeus ( Kaup) 733 



146. Myioborus aurantiacus (Baird ) 733 



147. Myioborus torquatus (Baird) 735 




TABLE OF CONTENTS. XVII 



Page. 



Genus 24. Euthlypis Cabanis 735 



148. Euthlypis lachrymosa lachrymosa Cabanis 736 



149. Euthlypis lachrymosa tephra Ridgway ; 738 



Genus 25. Basileuterus Cabanis 738 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Basileuterus 741 



150. Basileuterus belli belli (Giraud) 743 



151. Basileuterus belli scitulus Nelson 744 



152. Basileuterus belli clarus Ridgway 745 



153. Basileuterus rufifrons rufifrons (Swainson) 745. 



154. Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi Ridgway 746. 



155. Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi Ridgway 747 



156. Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus Nelson " 748 



157. Basileuterus rufifrons flavigaster (Nelson) 748. 



158. Basileuterus rufifrons salvini (Cherrie) , . 749 



159. Basileuterus rufifrons delattrii (Bonaparte) 749 



160. Basileuterus rufifrons mesochrysus (Sclater) 750 



161. Basileuterus melanogenys Baird 751 



162. Basileuterus melanotis Lawrence : 752 



163. Basileuterus cuhcivorus culicivorus (Lichtenstein) 753 



164. Basileuterus culicivorus brasherii ( Giraud) 755 



165. Basileuterus culicivorus fiavescens Ridgway 755 



166. Basileuterus culicivorus godmani Berlepsch 756 



167. Basileuterus semicervinus veraguensis (Sharpe) 756 



168. Basileuterus semicervinus leucopygius (Sclater and Salvin) 757 



Genus 26. Ergaticus Baird 758 



Key to the Species of Ergaticus 759 



169. Ergaticus ruber (Swainson) 759 



170. Ergaticus versicolor (Salvin) 760 



Genus 27. Certhidea Gould 761 



Key to the Species of Certhidea 762 



171. Certhidea olivacea Gould , " 763 



172. Certhidea luteola Ridgway 764 



173. Certhidea ridgwayi (Rothschild and Hartert) 765 



174. Certhidea mentalis Ridgway 766 



175. Certhidea fusca Sclater and Salvin 766 



] 76. Certhidea becki Rothschild 767 



177. Certhidea drownei Rothschild 767 



178. Certhidea cinerascens .Ridgway 768 



179. Certhidea bifasciata Ridgway 768 



Genus 28. Rhodinocichla Hartlaub 769 



Key to the Species and Subspecies of Rhodinocichla 770 



180. Rhodinocichla rosea eximia Ridgway 770 



181. Rhodinocichla schistacea Ridgway 772 



Addenda 775 



Index 787 



List of figures illustrating generic details xix 



3654— VOL 2—01 ir 





LIST OF FIGURES ILLUSTRATING GENERIC DETAILS. 



Genus. 



Plate. 



Figure. 



Chlorophonia Bonaparte 



Euphonia Desmarest 



Pyrrhuphonia Bonaparte 



Buthraupis Cabanis 



Calospiza Gray 



Tnnagra Linnaeus 



Spindalis Jardine and Selby 



Piranga Vieillot 



Heterospingus Ridgway 



Hemithraupis Cabania 



Ramphocelus Desmarest ' 



Phlogothraupis Sclater and Salvin . 



Lanio Vieillot 



PhEenicophilus Strickland 



Tachyphonus Vieillot 



Eucometis Sclater 



Phoenicothraupis Cabanis 



Chlorothraupis Ridgway 



Nesospingus Sclater 



Clilorospingus Cabanis 



Myiarchustrospingus Ridgway 



Zarhynchus Oberholser 



Gymnostinops Sclater 



Ostinops Cabanis 



Cacicus Lac4p6de ■ 



Cassiculus Swainson 



Amblycereus Cabanis 



Cassidix Lesson 



Callothrus Cassin 



Molothrus Swainson 



Quiscalus Vieillot 



Holoquiscalus Cassin 



Slegaqulscalus Cassin 



Scolecophagus Swainson 



Ptiloxena Chapman 



Dives Cassin 



Icterus Brisson 



Agelaius Vieillot 



Nesopsar Sclater 



Xanthocephalus Bonaparte 



Leistes Vigors 



Sturnella Vieillot 



Dolicbonyx Swainson 



Diglossa Wagler 



Chlorophanes Reichenbach 



Cyanerpes Oberholser 



Dacnis Cuvier 




XX 



LIST OF FIGURES. 



48. Coereba Vieillot 



49. Glossiptila Sclater 



60. Mniotilta Vieillot 



51. Helinaia Audubon 



52. Helmitheros Rafinesque . . . 



63. Protonotaria Baird 



64. Helminthophila Ridgway . 



55. OreothlypisRidgway 



56. Compsotblypis Cabanis 



57. Peucedramus Coues 



58. Dendroiea Gray 



59. Catharopeza Sclater 



60. Oporornis Baird 



61. Seiurus Swainson 



62. Teretistris Cabanis 



63. Leucopeza Sclater 



64. Myiarchuscroligea Cory 



65. Geothlypis Cabanis 



66. CbamEethlypisRidgway 



67. Icteria Vieillot 



68. Granatellus Bonaparte 



69. Wilsonia Bonaparte 



70. Cardellina Du Bus 



71. Setophaga Swainson 



72. Myloborus Baird 



73. Euthlypis Cabanis 



74. Basileuterus Cabanis 



75. Ergaticus Baird 



76. Certbidea Gould 



77. Rhodinocicbla Hartlaub. . . 




THE BIRDS 



OF 



NORTH AND MH)DLE AMERICA. 



By Robert Ridgwat, 



Curator, Division of Birds. 



Part II. 



Family TANAGRID^. 



THE TANAGERS. 



Non-granivorou8 (frugivorous and insectivorous), conirostral, " nine- 

 primaried," acutiplantar Oscines, with the commissure not abruptly 

 angulated or deflexed basally. and with the mandibular tomium not 

 distinctly angulated (never toothed) subbasally. 



As stated under the head of family Fringillidse, the division here 

 made (like all preceding ones) between the Tanagers and the Finches 

 is an arbitrary one. The Tanagridse, as here restricted, are without 

 much doubt a more or less artificial group, and I am very doubtful as 

 to whether the irmt-ea,ting ^kiphofiice (genera. J^uphonia, J-'yrrkuphonia, 

 and C/dorophonia) should not be separated from the others as a dis- 

 tinct family. This question, however, can only be settled after the 

 internal structure of all the genera has been carefully studied. 



From the Tanagridae as given by Dr. Sclater in his latest monograph 

 of the group ^ I have already removed the genera Pitylus (including 

 Caryothraustes, MyiarchusodotJwaupis, a.n6-Periporphy7'iis) and Saltator, which 

 are referred to the Fringillidee. Another genus must also be removed. 

 This is Calyptophilus Covy, usually placed next to Phmnicophilits; but, 

 being a "ten-primaried" bird, it obviously does not belong here.^ 



'Catalogue | of the | Passeriformes, | or Perching Birds, | in the | Collection | of 

 the I British Myiarchusseum. | ^ | Fringilliformes: Part II | containing the Families | 

 Coerebidse, Tanagridse, and Icteridse. | By | Philip Lutley Sclater. | London: | 

 Printed by order of the Trustees. | 1886. | 



'CcdyptopMlus is of very doubtful position, but probably is a member of the Myiarchusmidae. 



3654r-voL 2—01 1 1 




2 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Other supposed TanagridsB which it seems to me must be removed from 

 this group are the more slender-billed species referred to the genus 

 Chlorospingus, constituting numbers 16 to 32 of Dr. Sclater's "cata- 

 logue." These I would place in the family Mniotiltidse under the 

 generic name Hemispingus Cabanis. At the same time, I would add 

 to the Tanagridse a species hitherto placed in the Coerebidse, namely. 

 '•'■ Dacnis^'' pulcherrima, the type of a new genus, Iridophanes} To 

 what further extent the limits of the Tanagridffi may require readjust- 

 ment I have not at present any opinion to express. 



The following "key" to the genera found from the Panama Railroad 

 northward is mainly artificial and is chiefly based on Central American 

 species. 



KEY TO THE GENERA OF TANAGKID^. 



u. Tail less than two-thirds as long as wing; bill short, triangular in vertical profile 

 (width at base greater than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla) , compressed 

 terminally, the maxillary tomium distinctly dilated or convex baaally or else 

 gonys very conspicuously upcurved; plumage chiefly uniform bright green, or 

 blue and green, above, without markings on back or wings or chestnut on head, 

 or else silky, blended and metallic, dark steel blue, violet-black, metallic olive- 

 green, or steel gray above, with or without light blue, yellow or rufous on head; 

 stomach a membraneous sac.^ {Euphonise.) 

 h. Bill more depressed, its basal depth less than its width at rictus; breast yellow, 

 rufous, glossy blue-black, or green. 



c. Upper parts green or green and blue; throat green Chlorophonia (p. 4) 



CO. Upper parts dark steel blue, glossy violet-black, metallic olive-greenish, or 

 greenish gray (with or without yellow, blue or rufous on pileum); throat 

 black, dark steel blue, violet-blackish, gray, olive-greenish, or yellow. 



Euphonia (p. 8) 

 hh. Bill thicker, its basal depth equal to its width at rictus; breast gray. 



Pyrrhuplioiiia (p. 31) 

 aa. Tail more than two-thirds as long as wing, or else {Chlorochrysa') the bill very 

 slender; bill exceedingly variable in shape, but never as in ''a;" if short and 

 triangular [Procnopis* and Calospiza, part), its width at base not greater than, 

 distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, the maxillary tomium not distinctly 

 convex or dilated subbasally, and the gonys not conspicuously upcurved; 

 plumage exceedingly variable, but not as in section "a;" stomach a muscular 

 ' ' gizzard. ' ' ( Tanagrm. ) 



h. Tail but little more than half as long as wing Buthranpis ^ (p. 32) 



66. Tail much more than half as long as wing. 



c. Outermost (ninth) primary longer than innermost (first). 



^Iridophanes Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 150. (Type, Dacnis 

 pulcherrima Sclater.) 



Iridophanes pulcherrima is certainly not a Dacnis, but seems to be related to the 

 "Tanagrine" genera Chlorochrysa and Hemithraupis, especially the latter. 



^'See Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, pp. 143-147. 



' An extralimital genus. ( Chlorochrysa Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 76; 

 type, Callospiza callipariea Tschudi. ) 



* An extralimital genus. {Procnopis Cabanis, in Wiegmann's Archiv. fur Natiirg., 

 1844, pt. i, 284; type, P. atrocssndea Tschudi.) 



5 Central American species only; the South American species have the tail longer 

 and would be excluded by the character mentioned. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 3 



d. Outermost primary much longer than third, usually equal to or longer than 

 fourth; if wing less than 71.1 the outermost primary equal to fifth. 

 e. Exposed culmen decidedly shorter than middle toe without claw. 

 /. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw, more than one-third 



as long as tail Calospiza (p. 34) 



/. Tarsus not decidedly, if at all, longer than middle toe with claw, not 

 more than one-third as long as tail. 

 (/. Head unicolored (blue, gray, or olive); maxillary tomium nearly 



straight Tanagra (p. 64) 



gg. Head conspicuously striped with black and white; ' maxillary tomium 



concave anteriorly, convex posteriorly Spindalis (p. 62) 



ee. Exposed culmen not shorter than middle toe without claw. 

 /. Bill stouter, more or less tumid basally; maxillary tomium with a more 

 or less distinct median tooth, or else plumage unicolored (red in 

 adult males, yellowish in females and young) ; adult males with more 



or less of red Piranga (p. 75) 



ff. Bill more slender, compressed, the culmen sharply ridged; maxillary 



tomium without trace of median tooth, and plumage parti-colored; 



adult males without any red (except sometimes a supra-auricular 



stripe). 



g. Larger (wing more than 76.2) ; bill deeper (depth at base nearly half 



exposed culmen); outermost (ninth) primary shorter than fifth; 



under parts black or gray, with white axillary patch. 



Heterospingus (p. 103) 

 gg. Smaller (wing less than 76.2) ; bill shallower (depth at base decidedly 

 less than half exposed culmen) ; outermost (ninth) primary longer 

 than fifth; under parts yellow or partly yellow. 



Hemitliraiipis (p. 105) 

 dd. Outermost (ninth) primary little, if any, longer than third, or else ( Tachy- 

 phonus, part ) wing less than 71. 1 , and outermost primary shorter than fifth. 

 e. Loral and frontal feathers stiff, erect, dense, plush-like. 

 /. Myiarchusndibular rami enlarged and swollen, longer than gonys; sexes differ- 

 ent in color (adult males black and red or black and yellow, adult 



females much duller) Ramphocelus (p. 107) 



ff. Myiarchusndibular rami not unusually developed, shorter than gonys; sexes 



alike in color (black and red) Phlogothraupis (p. 120) 



ee. Loral and frontal feathers normal. 

 /. Myiarchusxilla strongly hooked at tip, its tomium with a conspicuous median 



"tooth" lanio (p. 122) 



ff. Myiarchusxilla not strongly hooked at tip, its tomium without a conspicuous 

 (if any) "tooth." 

 g. Bill larger, the exposed culmen two-thirds, or more, as long as tarsus. 

 h. Bill more slender (depth of maxilla immediately in front of nos- 

 trils less than one-third the distance from nostril to tip). 

 i. Tail even, shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of 

 secondaries; ninthprimary longer than third; color olive-green 

 above, gray or gray and white below; head black and white; 



sexes alike in color Fhsenicophilns (p. 126) 



ii. Tail rounded, equal to or longer than distance from bend of wing 

 to tips of secondaries; ninth primary shorter than third; adult 

 males black, usually with white on wing coverts (sonietimes 

 with red, yellow, etc., on pileum); adult females rufous^ 

 brownish, olive, or yellowish Tachyphonas (p. 129) 



^ Except in females and young. 




4 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



hh. Bill stouter (depth of maxilla immediately in front of nostril more 

 than one-third the distance from nostril to tip). 

 i. Tail equal to distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries; 

 pileum with a bushy crest. 

 j. Bill smaller, more slender; maxillary tomium without median 

 tomial tooth; occipital crest (and rest of head) gray; sexes 

 alike (yellowish olive-green above, yellow below). 



Eucometis (p. 138) 

 jj. Bill larger, stouter; maxillary tomium with a more or less 

 distinct median "tooth;" vertical crest red; sexes very dif- 

 ferent (adult males mostly, or largely, red; adult females 

 brown or olive above, including head, yellowish below) . 



Fhoenicotliraapis (p. 141) 



a. Tail decidedly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips 



of secondaries; pileum not crested. 



j. Bill stouter, much broader basally (basal width greater than 



basal depth, and equal to length of gonys) ; tarsus not more 



than one-fourth as long as wing; coloration plain olive-green, 



more yellowish below Chlorothraupis (p. 154) 



jj. Bill more slender, narrower basally (basal width less than 



basal depth, decidedly less than length of gonys); tarsus 



much more than one-fourth as long as wing; coloration plain 



grayish brown above, whitish below. ..Nesospingus (p. 156) 



gg. Bill much smaller, the exposed culmen much less than two-thirds 



as long as tarsus Chlorospingus (p. 157) 



cc. Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than innermost (first). 



Myiarchustrospingns (p. 167) 



Genus CHLOROPHONIA Bonaparte. 



CMorophonia (not Chlorophonem Cabanis, 1850) ' Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de 



Zool., Ill, 1851, 137. (Type, Tanagra viridis Yieillot.) 

 Chloreuphonia (emendation) Sclatee, Jardine's Oontr. Orn., 1851, 94. 

 Triglyphidia' Eeiohenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 63. (Type, Tanagraviridis 



Vieillot.) (See Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., viii, 1860, 331.) 

 Acroccmpsa ' Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn. , ix, Jan. , 1861, 88, 89. (Type, Triglyphidia 



callophrys Cabanis. ) 



Small broad-gaped, short-tailed, frugivorous Tanagers with the 

 plumage mainly pure grass green. 



Bill small but broad at base, triangular in vertical profile, its basal 

 width equal to length of maxilla from nostril (61 viridis) to nearly equal 

 length of exposed culmen (other species) ; exposed culmen about half 

 as long as tarsus (or a little more or less), nearly straight basally, more 

 or less strongly convex terminally; gonys nearly or quite equal to dis- 

 tance from nostril to tip of maxilla, more or less strongly convex, 

 ascending terminally; maxillary tomium more or less strongly notched 

 near tip (sometimes distinctly toothed behind the notch), thence nearly 



^ Chlorophoneus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein. , i, 1850, 70. Type, MyiarchusJaconotus rubiginosiis Sun- 

 devall. .(Laniidse.) 



^ " Diminutive Ableitung von yXvq^U, iSo%, die Kerbe." (Cabanis, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1860, 331, foot note.) 



' "Von aKpoi, obenauf, und Kajxtpo^, geschmuckt." 




BIRBS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 5 



straight {C. viridis) or more or less strongly sinuated, the posterior 

 convexity (beneath nostril) more decided than the anterior concavity; 

 mandibular tomium nearly straight. Nostril exposed, small, roundish. 

 Rictal bristles not obvious. Wing rather long (more than three and 

 a half to about four and three-fourths times as long as tarsus), pointed 

 (ninth to sixth primaries longest and nearly equal, ninth decidedly 

 shorter than sixth only in 0. pretrii); primaries exceeding secondaries 

 by about length of tarsus or a little more. Tarsus longer than middle 

 toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; 

 hind claw decidedly shorter than the digit. 



Coloration. — Chiefly or largely uniform bright grass green, with 

 more or less of yellow on under parts, the upper parts often partly blue. 



Range. — ^Tropical America (except West Indies), from southern 

 Mexico to southern Brazil and Bolivia. 



There is considerable variation in details of form among the differ- 

 ent species of this genus. The type, 0. viridis, has the bill far more 

 slender than any of the others, with the culmen and gonys less 

 strongly curved, the maxillary tomium nearly straight and very indis- 

 tinctly notched subterminally; the tip of the maxilla scarcely decurved 

 or uncinate, and the mandibular tomium slightly concave anteriorly, 

 the tip of the mandible being thus obviously recurved and acuminate. 

 The tarsus is also relatively shorter, and the upper parts are mainly 

 blue. C. occipitalis represents the opposite extreme in shape of bill, 

 all the other species being much nearer to it, however, than to C. viri- 

 dis. All have the four outermost primaries nearly equal and longest, 

 except C. pretrii, which has the ninth much shorter than the sixth, 

 the eighth being longest. The last-named species is unique in having 

 a yellow patch on the rump. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OP CHLOROPHONIA. 



a. A patch of blue on occiput and hinder part of crown. 

 6. Breast bright yellow, margined anteriorly by a semicircular narrow band or 

 collar of blackish or dark brown. (Adult males. ) 

 ' ti. Forehead and superciliary region green; occipital spot smaller, turquoise blue; 

 hindneck green. (Southern Mexico; Guatemala.) 



Chlorophouia occipitalis, adult male (p- 6) 



cc. Forehead and superciliary region yellow; occipital spot large, campanula 



blue; hindneck cerulean or turquoise blue. (Costa Rica; Veragua; Chiri- 



qui. ) Chloraphonia callophrys, adult male (p. 7) 



bb. Breast green, not margined anteriorly by blackish or dark-brown collar. 

 (Adult females. ) 

 c. Occipital spot smaller, turquoise blue; hindneck entirely green, without dis- 

 tinct, if any, blue collar across lower part. 



CMorophonia occipitalis, adult female (p. 6) 

 cc. Occipital spot larger, campanula blue; hindneck mostly blue, with distinct 

 collar of turquoise blue across lower portion. 



Chlorophonia callophrys, adult female (p. 7) 

 aa. No blue on pileum, or else this merely indicated. (Immature males and females 

 and young. ) 




6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CHLOROPHONIA OCCIPITALIS (Du Bus). 

 MEXICAN CHLOROPHONIA. 



Adult male.— General color plain bright grass green or parrot green, 

 rather lighter on chin, throat, and chest; a large oval spot or patch of 

 bright turquoise blue on occiput; a bar of turquoise blue across pos- 

 terior margin of sides of neck, sometimes continued across lower 

 hindneck; breast, abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts bright 

 yellow (lemon or gamboge), the former margined anteriorly by a narrow 

 semicircular band of chestnut-brown, darkening into almost black next 

 to green of chest; sides and flanks bright yellowish green; bill (in 

 dried skins) grayish brown or horn color, becoming blackish termi- 

 nally; legs and feet light brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 124:.5-134:.6 (125.7); wing, 76.2-78.7 (77.7); tail, 46.2-46.7 (46.5); 

 exposed culmen, 10".2-10.7 (10.4); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.1; tar- 

 sus, 17.8-18.8 (18.3); middle toe, 13.5-14.2 (13.7).' 



Achilt female.— Similar to the adult male, but breast and other 

 under parts light yellowish green, becoming light greenish yellow on 

 abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts; no dark brown collar 

 across upper breast; length (skins), 120.7-138.4 (126.2); wing, 75.9-78.2 

 (77); tail, 43.2-46.2 (44.5); exposed culmen, 8.4-9.7 (9.4); depth of 

 bill at base, 6.^7.1 (6.6); tarsus, 17.8-18.8 (18.3); middle toe, 

 13.2-14.7 (14).' 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Orizaba), 

 Mexico (Valley of Mexico?), and Chiapas (Gineta Mountains), and 

 highlands of Guatemala (Coban, Choctum, etc.).* 



Euphonia occipitalis Du Bus, Esquis. Orn., 1847, pi. 14 ( = female; Mexico).— 

 Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 233. — Sclater, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 

 90.— Jahdine, Ibis, 1860, 103. 



CMorophonia occipitalis Bonaparte, Rev, et Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1851, 138. — Oassin, 

 Rep. U. 8. Astr. Exp. (Gillias), ii, 1855, 182, pi. 20, flg. 2 (Mexico).— Sol a- 

 TER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1856, 270 (s. Mexico); 1857, 205 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa); 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 

 1856, 96; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 55 (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Cohan, 

 Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 57 (Choctum, Guatemala, 

 etc.). — SoLATBK and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 17 (Guatemala); Exotic Orn., 1869, 

 83, j^l. 42 (male and female). — Sumicheast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 

 550 (tierra caliente of Vera Cruz). — Lawrence, Bull. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 

 1876, 18 (Gineta Mts., Chiapas). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 253. 



[CMorophonia] occipitalis Sclateh and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 



T[riglyphidia'] occipitalis Cabanis, Journ. fflr Orn., viii, 1860, 331, in t«xt. 



Alcrocompsa] occipitalis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., ix, Myiarchusrch, 1861, 89, in text. 



' Three specimens, all from Guatemala. 



^Five specimens; four from Guatemala, one from Jalapa, Vera Cruz. 



' I am unable to state whether there is any difference between Mexican and Guate- 

 malan examples of this species, the only specimens of the former that I have seen 

 being cage birds, and not in proper condition of plumage for satisfactory comparison. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 7 



Euphonia cyaneidorsalis Dubois, Eev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., xi, 1859, 49, pi. 2 



(Guatemala; type lost).' 

 Euphonia cyanodoraalia Jaedinb, Ibis, 1860, 103 (crit.).— Sclatbe, Cat. Birds 



Brit. Myiarchuss. xi, 1886, 53, footnote. 

 [Euphonia} cyamdorsalis Geay, Hand-list, li, 1870, 79, no. 7163. 

 Alcrocompsa] cyanodorsalis Oabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., ix, Myiarchusrch, 1861, 89, in text. 

 Clhlorophonia] cyanodorsalis Sclater and Salvin, Exotic Orn., pt. vi, April, 1868, 



83, 84, in text. 

 Chloroph[onia'] cyanodorsalis Dubois, Ibis, 1881, 179, in text (crit.; considers it an 



accidental variety of C. occipitalis). 

 Cfdorophonia cyanodorsalis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 



255. 



CHLOROPHONIA CALLOPHRYS (Cabanis). 

 COSTA RICAN CHLOROPHONIA. 



Adult male. — ^Forehead and broad superciliary stripe (extending to 

 sides of occiput) bright yellow (gamboge or rich chrome), the forehead 

 sometimes tingec or mixed with yellowish green; anterior portion of 

 crown yellowish green; rest of crown, with occiput, clear campanula 

 blue, forming a large oblong or oval patch; hindneck azure blue, 

 becoming more turquoise blue below, where sending off lateral branches 

 across posterior margin of sides of neck; rest of head and neck, with 

 i-hest, uniform bright yellowish green, the eyelids tinged with blue; 

 whole breast, abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts bright 

 yellow (lemon or gamboge), the yellow of the breast separated from 

 the green of the chest by a semicircular narrow band of brownish black 

 tinged with chestnut; sides and ilanks uniform bright yellowish green; 

 back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, wings, and tail plain bright 

 yellowish grass green, the primaries blackish, edged with green; bill 

 grayish brown or horn color basally, blackish terminally; legs and 

 feet light horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 133.4-135.9 (134.6); 

 wing, 76.2-79.2 (77.5); tail, 43.2-46.7 (45.5); exposed culmen, 9.1-9.7 

 (9.4); depth of bill at base, 5.8-6.4 (6.1); tarsus, 18.3-19.1 (18.5); 

 middle toe, 18.2-13.5 (13.2).^ 



ASmU female. — Similar to adult male but with forehead and super- 

 ciliary region j^reen instead of yellow; occipital patch slightly darker 

 blue; blue of hindneck mixed with green; breast green instead of yellow, 

 and yellow of abdomen, etc., paler and less sharply defined against 

 green of sides and flanks; length (skins), 121.9-138.4 (130.8); wing, 

 72.4-74.9 (73.4); tail, 40.6^2.9 (41.7); exposed culmen, 9.7-10.2 (9.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 6.4^7.1 (6.6); tarsus, 17.8-18.8 (18.3); middle 

 toe, 13.2.^ 



Immature male andfewMle. — Similar to the adult female, but colors 

 duller, and without any blue on pileum or neck, or with only scattered 

 blue feathers. 



'See Sclater, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 53, footnote. 

 ^ Five specimens. 




8 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Highlands of Costa Rica (Rancho Redondo; San Jos6; Birris; Cer- 

 vantes; Candelaria; Navarro; Irazu), Veragua (Chitra; Calovevora; 

 Cordillera del Chucu; Calobre), and Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui). 



Triglyphidia callophrys Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., viii, Sept., 1860, 331 (Oosta Rica; 

 coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



Acrocompsa callophrys Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., ix, Jan., 1861, 88. 



Chlorophonia callophrys Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y. , ix, 1868, 98 ( Rancho Redondo, 

 San Jos6, and Birris, Costa Rica) . — Salvadori, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 

 1868, 173 (Costa Rica).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (Cervantes 

 and Candelaria, Costa Rica). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 185 

 (Volcan de Chiriqui; Chitra, Cordillera del Chucu, and Calovevora, Vera- 

 gua). — BoucAED, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Navarro and Candela- 

 ria, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Cent. Am., Aves, i, 1883, 254 

 (Irazii, etc., Costa Rica; Calobre, etc., Veragua). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss.,xi, 1886, 58. — Zelbdon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (San 

 Jos6, Cartago, Alajufela, Rancho Redondo, and Naranjo de Cartago). 



ICMorophonial callophrys Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 



Chlorophonia calophrys Sclater and Salvin, Exotic Orn., Dec, 1868, 84, pi. 68 

 (male and female). 



Genus KUPHONIA Desmarest. 



Euphonia Desmarest, Hist. Nat. des Tangaras, 1805, sub pi. 19. (Type, Pipra 



musica Gmelin?) 

 Euphone (emendation) "Cuv[ier], Aves, 1829" (fide Scudder's Nomencl. Zool., 



Univ. Index, p. 120). 

 Euphona (emendation) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 31. — Bonaparte, Conso. 



Gen. Avium, 1850, 232. 

 Oyanophonia Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., 2d ser., iii, Myiarchusrch, 1851, 138 



(Type, Pipra musica Gmelin.) 

 Acroleptes "Schiff " Bonaparte, Ann. Sci. Nat., s6r. 4, i, 1854, 127. (Type, Tana- 



gra chlorotica Linnaeus?; see Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 90.) 

 Iliolopha Bonaparte, Ann. Sci. Nat., s6r. 4, i, 1854, 127. (Type, Tanagra cayana 



Linnaeus?) 

 Ypophaea "Schiff" Bonaparte, Ann. Sci. Nat., s6r. 4, i, 1854, 127. (Type, Tana- 

 gra chalybea Myiarchuskan?) 

 Sypophaea (emendation) Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 91. 

 Phonasca Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 330. (Type, Tanagra violacea Linnaeus.) 



Very small, short-tailed, broad-gaped, frugivorous Tanagers, with 

 the plumage never bright grass green, nor with blue on upper parts, 

 or else with only the pileum and hindneek blue, the remaining upper 

 surface plain dark steel blue, glossy blue-black, or olive-green. 



Bill short (exposed culmen about half as long as tatsus), triangular 

 in vertical profile, but extremely variable as to proportionate length, 

 breadth, and depth, the extremes, connected by intermediate forms, 

 being represented by three types, as follows: (1) Bill very broad and 

 depressed, its width at base equal to length of exposed culmen, its 

 lateral outlines distinctly sinuate (convex basally and concave ter- 

 minally); depth of bill at base equal to only about half its width. 

 {K musica, type of the genus.) (2) Bill slender, almost terete, its 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 9 



width at base less even than half the distance from the nostril to tip of 

 maxilla, its lateral outlines nearly straight, but less rapidly converg- 

 ing for terminal third; depth of bill at base about equal to its width 

 at nostrils. {E. minuta.) (3) Bill extremely thick and swollen, with 

 lateral outlines nearly straight, its width at base nearly equal to 

 exposed culmen, and basal depth exceeding distance from nostril to 

 tip of maxilla; culmen and gonys both very strongly convex. {E. cha- 

 lyhom, type of Ypoplima Bonaparte.) Wing long (more than three 

 and a half to four and a half times as long as tarsus), pointed (ninth 

 to sixth primaries longest and usually nearly equal, the ninth some- 

 times longest and never as short as the fifth); primaries exceeding 

 secondaries by not less than length of tarsus. Tail short (never more 

 than two-thirds nor less than half as long as wing), even, slightly 

 rounded or slightly emarginated, the rectrices rather broad, with 

 rounded tips. Tarsus equal to or longer than middle toe with claw; 

 lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hind claw shorter 

 than its digit; all the claws well curved and sharp. Plumage soft, 

 silky, and blended. 



Coloration: — Adult males glossy, more or less metallic, above, the 

 prevailing color usually black glossed with violet, steel blue, or green, 

 with the head above usually with more or less of blue, yellow, or 

 rufous; if not glossy black above, the color semimetallic olive-green 

 or bluish gray; under parts usually mainly yellow (sometimes orange- 

 rufous, rarely grayish), with or without black throat and chest. 

 Females with olive-green and yellowish (sometimes with gray and 

 white also) replacing the black and brighter hues of the males. Young 

 essentially similar to adult females, wholly unstreaked. 



Notwithstanding the vast difference in the form of the bill exhibited 

 by the three extremes described above, the remaining thirty-odd spe- 

 cies show every possible intermediate condition, and consequently, 

 being unable to discover any other segregative characters, I am dis- 

 posed to ignore the so-called genus Ypophoea, recognized by Dr. 

 Sclater in the eleventh volume of the Catalogue of Birds in the British 

 Myiarchusseum. Dr. Sclater says that this lacks the notch near the tip of 

 the maxillary tomium; but I find it quite as distinctly indicated in 

 specimens examined as in some examples of true Euphonia. Should 

 Ypophcea be recognized as a genus it would be quite necessary to 

 restrict Euphonia to E. musica and its nearer allies, make E. minuta 

 the type of another genus, and perhaps carry the subdivision still 

 further. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EUPHONIA. 



a. Crown, occiput, and hindn.eck light blue. 

 6. Back dark steel blue or glossy blue-black, 

 c. Rump black like back; forehead chestnut. (Southern Mexico to Isthmus of 



Panama. ) Euphonia elegantissima, adult male (p. 12) 



cc. Bump yellow; forehead yellow. 




10 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



d. Ohin and throat glossy blue-black; under parts of body and lower rump 



orange-ochraceous. (Haiti. ) Euphonia musica, adult male (p. 13) 



dd. Ohin and throat yellow; under parts of body and whole rump yellow. 



(Porto Rico. ) Euphonia solateri, adult male (p. 15) 



hb. Back olive-green, 

 u. Forehead chestnut; throat pale cinnamon. 



Enphonia elegantissima, adult female (p. 12) 

 cv. Forehead not chestnut; throat yellow. 

 d. Forehead ochraceous; crown, occiput, and hindneck azure blue. 



Enphonia mnsiea, adult female (p. 14) 

 dd. Forehead gamboge yellow; crown, occiput, and hindneck light cerulean 

 or turquoise blue. 

 e. Sides of head greenish dusky; back glossed with metallic bluish green. 

 (Lesser Antilles, St. Bartholomew to Grenada. ) 



Enphonia flavifrons, adult male fp. 15) 

 ee. Sides of head yellowish olive-green, like back; back without distinct 

 metalic gloss. 

 /. Bill larger (exposed culmen 7.4 or more, depth at base 4.8 or more); 

 under parts less yellowish olive-green. 



Euphonia flavifrons, adult female (p. 16) 

 ff. Bill smaller (exposed culmen 6.7, depth at base 4.6); under parts 

 more yellowish olive-green.. -Enphonia solateri, adult female (p. 15) 

 aa. Crown, occiput, and hindneck not light blue. 



6. Back dark steel blue or glossy blue-black or violet-black, 

 c. Throat black or dark steel blue or violet. 

 d. Throat black; forehead, crown, and occiput rufous-tawny. (Costa Rica; 



Veragua. ) Enphonia anneae, adult male (p. 17) 



dd. Throat dark steel blue or glossy violet-black; forehead yellow. 

 e. Under tail-coverts tawny-ochraceous; abdomen yellowish ochraceous. 

 (Northern Colombia to Isthmus of Panama.) 



Enphonia fnlvicrissa, adult male (p. 18) 

 ee. Under tail-coverts not tawny; abdomen pure yellow. 

 /. Under tail-coverts lemon or canary yellow. 



g. Inner webs of outermost rectrices wholly black or with only a small 



spot of white on edge near tip; whole crown yellow. 



h. Larger (wing 55.9-61); occiput dark steel-blue, like hindneck, the 



yellow of crown extending much farther backward medially 



than laterally, the yellow feathers with triangular central spots 



of black. (Costa Rica; Veragua.) 



Enphonia gracilis, adult male (p. 19) 

 hh. Smaller (wing 55.1-55.9); occiput yellow, like crown and fore- 

 head, the yellow with straight or truncated posterior margin, 

 the yellow feathers without central spots of black. (Costa Rica; 



Veragua. ) Enphonia Inteicapilla, adult male (p. 20) 



gg. Inner webs of outermost rectrices extensively (more than one-half) 

 white. (Southern Mexico to Costa Rica.) 



Enphonia affinis, adult male (p. 21) 

 ff. Under tail-coverts white (sometimes tinged with yellow). 



g. Bill shorter, much stouter (exposed culmen 6.9-7.4, depth at base 

 4.6-5.1); yellow of forehead paler, extending to posterior angle of 

 eye; yellow of under parts lighter, without dusky clouding on sides 

 and flanks. (Western Mexico.) 



Enphonia godmani, adult male (p. 24) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 11 



gg. Bill longer and more slender (exposed culmen 7.1-7.6, depth at base 



3.3-3.7); yellow of forehead deeper (bright lemon), not extending 



beyond middle of eyes; yellow of under parts deeper, with dusky 



clouding on sides and flanks. ( Guatemala to Isthmus of Panama. ) 



Euphonia minuta humilis, adult male (p. 23) 



dd. Throat yellow, like rest of under parts. 



e. Yellow of forehead not extending beyond middle of eyes, its posterior 



outline directly transverse or truncated. '(Southern Mexico to Costa 



Rica.) Euphonia hirundinacea, adult male (p. 25) 



ee. Yellow of forehead extending much beyond eyes, with strongly convex 

 or rounded posterior outline. (Costa Rica to Colombia. ) 



Euphonia orassiroatrifl, adult male (p. 28) 

 bb. Back olive-green or olive-gray. 

 c. Abdomen or under tail-coverts (or both) tawny or ochraceous; back, etc., 

 strongly glossed with metallic greenish. 

 d. Forehead and fore part of crown lemon yellow. (Southern Mexico to Costa 



Rica. ) Euphonia gonldi, adult male (p. 29) 



dd. Forehead chestnut. 



e. Abdomen .deep olive-yellowish Euphonia gouldi, adult female (p. 29) 



ee. Abdomen tawny or ochraceous. 

 /. Larger (wing 57.4-58.4); whole abdomen tawny. 



Euphonia gracilis, adult female (p. 20) 

 jf. Smaller (wing48.8); only median line of abdomen tawny or ochraceous. 



Euphonia fulviorissa, adult female (p. 18) 

 cc. Neither abdomen nor under tail-coverts tawny or ochraceous. 

 d. Back bright olive-green. 

 e. Occiput olive-green, like back. 

 /. Median under parts (broadly) grayish, in strong contrast with yellowish 

 olive-green of sides and flanks. 

 g. Under tail-coverta grayish brown with whitish tips; forehead strongly 

 tinged with rusty; gray of median under parts much darker. 



Euphonia anneae, adult female (p. 17) 



gg. Under tail-coverts light olive-yellow; forehead and crown yellowish 



olive-green, like rest of upper parts; gray of median under parts 



much paler Euphonia hirundinacea, adult female (p. 26) 



ff. Median under parts yellow, like sides and flanks, or at least so on chest. 

 g. Under parts entirely yellow or oUve-yellow; under tail-coverts yellow. 

 h. Larger (wing 59.7-63.5), with much stouter bill; inner webs of 

 outermost rectrices with a subterminal white spot. 



Euphonia crassirostris, adult female (p. 28) 

 hh. Smaller (wing 51.0-51.8); inner webs of outermost rectrices with- 

 out any white Euphonia luteicapilla, adult female (p. 21) 



gg. Under parts with lower throat pale gray, lower abdomen and under 

 tail-coverts white. 



Euphonia miuuta humilis, adult female (p. 24) 

 ee. Occiput grayish, more or less distinctly different from olive-green of back. 

 /. Abdomen and under tail-coverts white. 



Euphonia godmani, adult female (p. 25) 

 ff. Under parts wholly yellowish, the under tail-coverts clear lemon 



yellow Euphonia affinis, adult female ? (young male ?) (p. 22) 



dd. Back olive-grayish. 



Euphonia affinis, young female ? (adult female ?) (p. 23) 




12 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



EUPHONIA ELEGANTISSIMA (Bonaparte). 

 BLUE-HOODED ETJPHONIA, 



Adult male.— Fovehead (more or less broadly) chestnut, margined 

 behind by a bar of black; crown, occiput, hindneck, and sides of neck 

 uniform light cerulean or turquoise blue, the feathers dusky grayish 

 beneath the surface; back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts uniform dark steel blue, more or less tinged with 

 violet, especially on back; wings and tail black with steel blue edgings, 

 these broader and more violet on middle and greater wing-coverts, very 

 indistinct and (when obvious) more greenish on primaries; loral, sub- 

 orbital, auricular, and malar regions, chin, and throat, uniform black, 

 more or less glossed with steel blue or violet; rest of under parts deep 

 orange-ochraceous or orange-tawny, deeper, more chestnut-tawny, on 

 chest; under wing-coverts and axillars pale yellow, or white tinged 

 with yellow or buffy; bill black with basal portion of mandible gray- 

 ish; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins) ; length (skins), 100.3-116.8 

 (108.5); wing, 63-71.1 (66); tail, 37.6-45.2 (40.1); exposed culmen, 

 6.6-7.1 (6.9); tarsus, 12.2-15.2 (14.5); middle toe, 9.7-12.2 (11.2).^ 



Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck as in adult male, but black bar 

 separating chestnut of forehead from blue of crown less distinct; rest 

 of upper parts bright olive-green, more or less glossed with metallic 

 bluish green; remiges and rectrices blackish or dusky edged with olive- 

 green (very narrowly on primaries, very broadly on tertials, which have 

 outer webs mostly or wholly olive-green); auricular, suborbital, and 

 loral regions olive-green, the malar region similar but paler or more 

 yellowish; chin and throat light ochraceous or cinnamon-buff; rest of 

 under parts light j'ellowish olive-green, more olive-yellowish medially; 

 bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 99.1-114.3 (110.2); wing, 

 61-64.3 (62.7); tail, 33.3-39.6 (36.8); exposed culmen, 6.1-7.6 (6.9); 

 depth of bill at base, 4.3-4.6; tarsus, 13.7-15.7 (15); middle toe, 

 10.2-11.9 (11.7).' 



Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Cordova; Jalapa; Ori- 

 zaba); Puebla (Chachapa) ; Mexico (City of Mexico) ; Oaxaca(Juquila; 

 La Parada), Guanajuato, etc., to Veragua (Calovevora). 



' Nine specimens. 

 ■' Seven specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 13 



Euphnne tibicm Lichtenstbin, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 2; Journ. fiir Orn. 

 1863, 56 (Jalapa, YeTa,Gruz; = nomen nudum!). 



Pipra ekgantmima Bon APAiLTTE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 112 (Mexico). 



E[uphonia] elegantissima Gray, Gen. Birds, App., 1849, 17. — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1887, 453. 



lEuphoTia] degardisdma Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 232. 



El^iphona] elegantissima Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 31 (Mexico). 



Euphoria elegantissima Salvadori, Atti Eoy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 173 (Costa 

 Rica). 



Eupkonia elegantissima Du Bus, Esquis. Orn., 1850, pi. 8 (San Pedro). — Sclatee, 

 Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 83 (monogr.); Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1855, 66 

 (sub Pipra galericulata); 1856, 272 (monogr.), 303 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 

 1858, 303 (La Parada, Oaxaca) ; 1859, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 378 ( Juquila, 

 Oaxaca; descr. nest and eggs); 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); Synop. Av. 

 Tanagr., 1856, 98; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 56 (s. Mexico); Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 62 (near City of Mexico; Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Oaxaca; ridge 

 above Calderas, Choctum, and Coban, Guatemala; Volcan de Oartago, Irazii 

 distr., and Turrialba, Costa Rica; Calovevora, Veragua). — Baird, in Stans- 

 bury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 330 ("Texas") ; Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 

 ix, 1858, 304; ed. 1860 ("Birds N. Am."), atlas, pi. 71, figs. 2, 3; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 224. — Sclatbr and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 16 (Guate- 

 mala). — Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 331. — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 ix, 1868, 98 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 

 1869, 550 (hot, temperate, and alpine regions. Vera Cruz). — Fkantzids, Journ. 

 fur Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Rica).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 185 

 (Calovevora, Veragua). — Duges, La Naturaleza, i, 1870, 140 (Guanajuato). — 

 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (San Jos6, Costa Rica; food; 

 song). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 160. — Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 256. — American Ornithologists' 

 Union, Check List, 1886, no. 606.— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 ix, 1886, 140 (Ohachapa, Puebla; Jalapa, Vera Cruz). — Zelbdon, Anal. 

 Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Cartago and San Jos6, Costa Rica). — 

 Cherrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 334 (San Jos6, Costa Rica); ix, 1892, 24 (San ,Tos6; 

 descr. abnormally colored male). — Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 

 1898, 27 (Jalapa). 



lEuphonial elegantissima Sclatbr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 



Euphonia coelestis Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, 42 (Mexico).— Du Bus, Esquis. Orn., 

 Orn., 1847, pi. 14. 



Hpra galericulata Giradd, Sixteen Sp. Texan Birds, 1841, fol. 21, pi. 5, fig. 2 

 ("Texas;" type in coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.; see Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1855, 66). 



EUPHONIA MUSICA (Gmelin). 

 HAITIAN ETTPHONIA. 



Achilt male.— Forehead yellow (dull lemon to saffron or dull cad- 

 mium), bordered behind by a bar of black or glossy blue-black; crown, 

 occiput, hindneck, and sides of neck plain azure blue, the feathers 

 dusky grayish beneath the surface; back, scapulars, and upper tail- 

 coverts dark violaceous steel blue, or blue-black glossed with violet; 

 wings and tail black with dark violaceous steel blue edgings; upper 

 rump lemon yellow, passing into ochraceous or tawny-ochraceous on 

 lower rumpj lores black; suborbital, auricular, and malar regions, 




14 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



chin, and throat uniform dark violaceous steel blue, or black glossed 

 with that color; rest of under parts bright j^ellowish ochraceous, more 

 yellowish on breast and chest, where becoming deeper, more tawn}^, 

 next to black of foreneck, and gradually becoming deeper posteriorly, 

 the under tail-coverts orange-tawny; thighs light olive-yellow, the 

 feathers dusky beneath the surface; bill black, the mandible brownish 

 basally ; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 106.4-108 (106.7); wing, 63; tail, 35.8-37.6 (36.6); exposed culmen, 

 6.4-6.6; depth of bill at base, 4.1-4.8 (4.3); tarsus, 14.7-16; middle 

 toe, 10.2-10.9 (10.4).' 



AcImU female. — Pileum as in adult male, but black bar between yel- 

 lowish of forehead and blue of crown narrower; back, scapulars, 

 lesser, middle, and greater wing-coverts, plain olive-green, slightly 

 glossed with metallic bluish green; rump and upper tail -coverts simi- 

 lar, but more yellowish olive-green; secondaries and rectrices dusky 

 with olive-green edgings; primaries dusky, narrowly edged with pale 

 glaucous or whitish, passing into olive-green basally; auricular and 

 suborbital regions dusky olive-green, slightly tinged with blue, the 

 malar region lighter and more bluish; chin and throat canary yellow; 

 rest of under parts deep olive-yellow or light yellowish olive-green; 

 bill and feet as in adult male; length (skin), 106.7; wing, 61.7; tail, 

 36.1; exposed culmen, 6.1; depth of bill at base, 4.6; tarsus, 15; mid- 

 dle toe, 10.4. 



Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 



{Pvpra] muAca Gmblin, Syst. Nat. , i, 1788, 1004 (based on i' Organiste, de St. Bo- 

 mingue Buffon, PI. Enl., pi. 809, fig. 1). 



Tanagra musica Vilillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 783. — Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., xi, 1866, 92 (Santo Domingo). 



E\uphonia] musica Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 367. 



[Euphonia] musica Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. — Cory, List 

 Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 



\_Eupho7M] musica Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 232. 



Euphonia musica Sclater, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 82 (St. Domingo; "Cay- 

 enne?"); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 271 (monogr.; St. Domingo; "Cuba"); 

 Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 97; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 59 (Samana, 

 Santo Domingo).— Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 231 (Santo Domingo; 

 Haiti) .—Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 152 (Haiti; descr. young 

 male); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 61, pi. (10); Auk., iii, 1886, 192 

 (synonymy, descr., etc.); Birds W. I., 1889, 79; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 

 113, 131.— Tristram, Ibis, 1884, 168 (Santo Domingo).— Cherrie, Contr. 

 Orn. San Dom., 1896, 13 (Honduras and Myiarchusniel, Santo Domingo). 



Eupfwne musica Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 42 (Cuba; error; see 

 Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 476; 1861, 409). 



Euphoria musica Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 476. 



E\uphonia\ cseruhocephala Swainson, Claasif. Birds, ii, 1837, 286, part (quotes PL 

 Enl. 809, fig. 1). 



' Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 15 



EUPHONIA SCLATERI Sundevall. 

 PORTO BIOAN ETTPHONIA, 



Adult male. — Forehead saffron yellow, margined behind by a bar of 

 black across anterior part of crown; rest of pileum, hindneck, and sides 

 of neck uniform cerulean blue; back scapulars and upper tail-coverts 

 uniform glossy blue-black, with a slight violet tinge; wings and tail 

 black with glossy blue-black or dark steel blue edgings; entire rump 

 and under parts of body rich saffron yellow, the chin and throat simi- 

 lar but rather paler; lores, suborbital region, auricular region, and part 

 of malar region uniform glossy black; maxilla black, paler beneath 

 nostrils; mandible grayish basally, blackish terminally; legs and feet 

 horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 97.8-102.9 (99.6); wing, 

 58.4-60.5 (59.4); tail, 33.5-34 (33.8); exposed culmen, 6.9-7.1 (6.9); 

 depth of bill at base, 4.1^.6 (4.3); tarsus, 14.7-15.2 (15); middle toe, 

 10.7-10.9 (10.7).^ 



Admit female. — Forehead gamboge yellow, margined posteriorly by 

 an indistinct dusky bar across anterior part of crown; rest of pileum, 

 hindneck, and sides of neck uniform light greenish blue (turquoise) ; 

 loral, suborbital, and auricular regions and most of malar region plain 

 olive-green; back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and upper tail-coverts plain 

 deep olive-green, with a slight gloss of metallic bluish green; rump 

 yellowish olive-green; remiges and rectrices blackish, the latter and the 

 secondaries with broad edgings of olive-green, the primaries with narrow 

 edgings of the same or pale greenish gray; under parts deep olive- 

 yellow, becoming purer yellow on chin, throat, abdomen, anal region, 

 and under tail-coverts, the last with central portion more olive; bill and 

 feetas in adult male; length (skin), 121.9; wing,59.2; tail, 32.8; exposed 

 culmen, 6.9; depth'of bill at base, 4.6; tarsus, 15.2; middle toe, 10.9.' 

 Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 

 Fi'pra musica (not of Gmelin) Vibillot, Gal. Ois., SuppL, 1834. pi. s. n. 

 Oyanophonia musica Bonaparte, Eev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., 2d ser., iii, Myiarchusrch, 1851, 



138; Note sur les Tangaras, 1851, 12. 

 Euphoniaflavifrons (not Emberizaflavifrom Sparrmsinn) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1856, 271 (Porto Rico); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 97 (Porto Rico). 

 lEuphonia} flavifrons Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 77, no. 7121.— Sclatbe and Sal- 



viN, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Euphonia sclateri Sundevall, Oefv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 596 (Porto 

 Rico; coll. Stockholm Myiarchuss. ; ex Bonaparte, manuscript).— Gundlach, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1874, 311; 1878, 159; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 191.— Cory, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 194 (synonymy and description); Birds W. I., 1889, 81; Cat. 

 W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 113, 132.— Sclateb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 60. 



EUPHONIA FLAVIFRONS (Sparrmann). 

 GREEN EUPHONIA. 



Adult ma^e.— Forehead lemon or gamboge yellow, margined pos- 

 teriorly by a transverse line or bar of black; crown, occiput, hind- 

 1 Three specimens. ' One specimen. 




16 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



neck, and sides of neck uniform light cerulean or turquoise blue, the 

 feathers dusky grayish beneath the surface; back, scapulars, wing- 

 coverts, tertials, and upper tail-coverts uniform olive-green, glossed 

 with metallic bluish green; rump yellowish olive-green, or bright 

 olive-yellowish; secondaries, primaries, and rectrices blackish or dusky, 

 edged with olive-green, the edgings on primaries narrower and inclin- 

 ing to pale grayish; lores blackish; suborbital, auricular, and malar 

 regions dusky olive-green, the last sometimes partly yellow; chin and 

 throat lemon yellow; rest of under parts uniform yellowish olive-green; 

 under wing-coverts whitish, tinged with yellow; axillars^ light yellow; 

 bill black, with basal portion of mandible grayish; iris brown; '■ legs 

 and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 106.7-120.7 (112.8); 

 wing, 60.2-65.3 (63); tail, 37.6-41.1 (39.1); exposed culmen, 7.1-7.9 

 (7.6); depthof bill at base, 4.6-5.1 (4.8); tarsus, 15-17.6 (16.3); middle 

 toe, 10.2-11.9 (11.2).^ 



Admit female. — Similar to adult male, but olive-green of back, wings, 

 etc., decidedly lighter and without metallic bluish green gloss; rump 

 much less yellowish; j^ellowof chin and throat paler and less strongly 

 contrasted with color of cheeks and auriculars, the latter yellowish 

 olive-green instead of dusky bluish olive-green; under parte usually 

 paler and less yellowish olive-green; blue of hood usually slightly paler 

 and duller, sometimes more greenish blue; black bar between yellow 

 of forehead and blue of crown much less distinct, sometimes obsolete; 

 length (skins), 101.6-121.9(111); wing, 58.9-67.6 (62.2); tail, 37.1-40.6 

 (38.4); exposed culmen, 7.4r-7.9 (7.6); depth of bill at base, 4.8-5.1 (4.8); 

 tarsus, 15.7-17 (16.5); middle toe, 10.7-11.9 (11.2).' 



Lesser Antilles (islands of St. Bartholomew, Guadeloupe, Dominica, 

 Myiarchusrtinique, Santa Lucia, St. Vincent, and Grenada). 



' " Iris hazel;" (Ober, manuscript). 



'■' Ten specimens. 



■'' Ten specimens. Specimens from different islands average as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Exposed 

 culmen. 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Three adult males from Guadeloupe . . 



Two adult males from Grenada 



Two adult males from Santa Lucia 



One adult male from St. Vincent 



One adult male from St. Bartholomew 

 One adult male from Myiarchusrtinique 



FEMALBS. 



Two adult females from Guadeloupe . . 

 Two adult females from Santa Lucia . . 



Four adult females from Dominica 



One adult female from Myiarchusrtinique 



64.8 



62 



61 



66 



61.5 



62.7 



62.2 

 69.9 

 64.5 

 61.7 



38.6 

 37.6 

 41.1 

 38.9 

 38.6 



38.1 

 37.3 

 39.6 

 36.1 



7.6 

 7.4 

 7.1 

 7.4 

 7.9 

 7.9 



7.4 

 7.4 

 7.6 

 7.4 



4.8 

 4.8 



4.8 

 5.1 

 4.8 



4.8 

 4.8 

 4.8 



16.5 



16.3 



16.5 



16 



16.5 



16 



16.5 

 16.5 

 16.8 

 17 



11.4 

 11.4 

 11.2 

 10.7 

 10.2 

 11.9 



11.4 

 10.9 

 11.2 

 U.9 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 17 



Emheriza flavifrons Spaekmann, Myiarchuss. Carls., iv, 1789, no. 92 {= female; coll. 

 Myiarchuss. Carlsonianum; no locality given). 



[Tanagra] flavifrons Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1802, 47. 



Tanag'ra flavifrons Vieillot, Enc. M6th., iii, 1823, 775. 



Euphonia flavifrons Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , 1856, 271, part ( in synonymy) ; 

 Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 97 (do.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 56 ("Cayenne;" 

 "Trinidad"); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 63 (Myiarchusrtinique; Santa Lucia; 

 Guadeloupe; St. Bartholomew; Dominica; Grenada); Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1889, 395 (Santa Lucia).— Sundev all, Oefv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 

 1869, 583 (St. Bartholomew).— Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i,1878, 

 56 (Dominica), 190 (St. Vincent), 269 (Grenada); i, 1879, 354 (Myiarchusrtinique; 

 habits), 465 (Guadeloupe; habits; crit.); iii, 1880, 256 (Dominica); ix, 1886, 

 613 (Grenada).— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia).— 

 Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 193 (synonymy, part, and description); iv, 1887, 95 

 (Myiarchusrtinique); Birds W. I., 1889, 80 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 113. 



[Euphonia'] flavifrons Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. — Cory, 

 List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 



EUPHONIA ANNEXE Cassin. 



TAWNY-CAPPED EUPHONIA. 



Ackdt male. — Entire pileum I'ich tawny, lighter, more ochraceous, 

 anteriorly, deeper posteriorly, where having a rounded outline; rest 

 of head and neck, including lores, chin, and throat, black, with a slight 

 violet tinge, more pronounced on postocular region and nape; rest of 

 upper parts rich dark semimetallic purplish black or very dark metal- 

 lic purplish violet, becoming more bluish violet posteriorly, the remiges 

 and rectrices black with bluish violet edgings; inner web of outermost 

 rectrix with a large subterminal subquadrate space of white; under 

 parts of body rich yellow (deep lemon yellow to Indian yellow); under 

 tail-coverts white, sometimes tinged with yellow; bill black, the basal 

 portion of mandible grayish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn 

 color (in dried skins); length (skins), 87.6-109.2 (107.4); wing, 62.2- 

 68.3 (65); tail, 31.5-39.9 (37.1); exposed culmen, 7.9-8.4(8.1); depth 

 of bill at base, 4.8-5.3 (5.1); tarsus, 15.2-17 (16); middle toe, 10.9-12.2 

 (11.4).^ 



AchiU female. — Above yellowish olive-green, the forehead and crown 

 strongly tinged with tawny or light rusty; beneath pale gray medi- 

 ally, yellowish olive-green laterally, with distinct line of demarcation 

 between the two colors; under tail-coverts whitish at tips, light brown- 

 ish beneath surface; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skin), 

 102.9;^ wing, 59.9; tail, 33.3; exposed culmen, 8.6; depth of bill at 

 base, 5.1; tarsus, 17.3; middle toe, 11.7.' 



Costa Kica (Angostura; Santa Rosa; Turrialba; Naranjo de Cartago; 

 Rio Sucio) and Veragua (Calovevora; Calobre; Cordillera del Chucu; 

 Santiago). 



' Six specimens. ^ Length before skinning 127. ' One specimen. 



3654^voL 2—01 2 




18 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Euphonia anne^^ Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 172 (Santa Rosa Costa 

 Eica; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 

 (Angostura and Santa Rosa, Costa Rica). 



Euphonia annie Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 137 (Santa F6, Veragua; 

 crit. ) ; 1870, 186 (Calovevora and Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua) ; Ibis, 1874, 

 329 ( Veragua).— Feantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Rica).— Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 265 (Calobre, Veragua, etc.).- 

 ScLATBB, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 72 (Turrialba, Costa Eica, etc.).— 

 Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Naranjo de Cartage; Rio 



Sucio) . 

 lEuphonia] anrne Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 

 Euphonia rufiverlex Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 71, pi. 7 (Santiago, 



Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman) . 



EUPHONIA FULVICRISSA Sclater. 

 FTJLVOUS-VENTED EUPHONIA, 



Adidt male. — Forehead and anterior part of crown lemon yellow, 

 with posterior outline truncate or nearly so, the feathers with partially 

 exposed central triangular spots of dusky; rest of upper parts glossy 

 greenish bluish black or dark greenish steel blue, more greenish pos- 

 teriorly, sometimes faintly tinged with violet on occiput and hindneck; 

 remiges and rectrices black, with greenish steel blue edgings; inner 

 webs of remiges with about the basal half abruptly white; outermost 

 rectrix with a large, more or less oblique, subterminal spot or patch of 

 white; sides of head and neck, chin, throat, and foreneck dark greenish 

 steel blue, like upper parts, but less strongly glossed; rest of under 

 parts deep yellow (indian yellow or saffron), becoming deep gallstone 

 yellow or light ochraceous on abdomen, and deep ochraceous on under 

 tail-coverts; maxilla black; mandible bluish gray, with dusky tip; 

 legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 86.4-92.7 (88.4); wings, 52.6-53.8 (53.1); tail, 27.2-28.7 (27.9); ex- 

 posed culmen, 7.6-7.9; depth of bill at base, 4.8-5.1; tarsus, 14.7-15.7 

 (15.2); middle toe, 9.9-10.4 (10.2).^ 



Advlt female. — Forehead deep russet or cinnamon-rufous, the 

 feathers with partially exposed central triangular spots of dusky; rest 

 of upper parts olive-green, more yellowish posteriorly and on wings, 

 strongly glossed with metallic bluish green, changing to yellowish 

 green posteriorly; remiges, rectrices, and greater wing-coverts dusky 

 with broad glossy or semiraetallic yellowish olive-green edgings; under 

 parts bright yellowish olive-green, the abdomen mixed yellow and 

 light ochraceous, the under tail-coverts deeper ochraceous; a blackish 

 line separating the cinnamon-rufous of forehead from the yellowish 

 olive-green of lores; bill, legs, and feet as in the male; length (skin), 

 83.8; wing, 48.8; tail, 25.1; exposed culmen, 8.4; depth of bill at 

 base, 4.6; tarsus, 14.7; middle toe, 10.2.' 



' Named for Myiarchuss. D. G. Elliot. Tour specimens. ' One specimen. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 19 



The female of E. fidvicrissa closely resembles that of E. gracilis in 

 coloration, but is much smaller (wing less than 50.8 instead of 67.2 or 

 more), has the rusty forehead flecked with dusky and margined laterally 

 with a dusky line, the abdomen less extensively ochraceous, and the 

 under tail-coverts much deeper ochraceous. 



Northern Colombia (provinces of Santa Myiarchusrta, Antioquia, etc.), 

 including Isthmus of Panama, north to Veragua (Bugaba) and Chiri- 

 qui (Volcan de Chiriqui). 



Euphonia fulvicrissa Sclatbr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 276 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1864, 349 (Panama; descr. female); Synop. 

 Av. Tanagr., 1856, 102; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 58 (Santa Myiarchusrta); Oat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 73 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Remedies, Nichi, and Bogota, Colom- 

 bia; Lion Hill and San Pablo station, Panama R. R. ; Volcan de Chiriqui; 

 Bugaba, Veragua).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 143 (Rio Tru- 

 ando, Colombia); 1865, 171 (Angostura and Pacuare, Costa Rica). — Sclateb 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 

 1879, 498 (Antioquia, Colombia) . — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 264, pi. 16, fig. 2.-^Beelepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 288 

 (Antioquia, Colombia; descr. female) . 



[Euphonia] fulvicrissa Sclatbr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 18. 



Phlonasca} fulvicrissa Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 330, in text. 



Alcroleptesl fulvicritsus Cabakis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 91, in text. 



Euphonia gouldi (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 332 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama E. R.).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 186 (Bugaba, 

 Veragua; Volcan de Chiriqui). 



EUPHONIA GRACILIS (Cabanis). 



CABANIS' EUPHONIA. 



AdaiU male. — Forehead and crown lemon yellow, the feathers with 

 partially exposed central triangular spots of black, the yellow area 

 rounded posteriorly, sometimes almost pointed on median line; rest of 

 upper parts, together with sides of head and neck, chin, throat, and 

 upper portion of chest (the latter with strongly convex posterior out- 

 line) glossy blue-black or dark steel blue, more or less tinged with 

 violet anteriorly, sometimes more greenish posteriorly; remiges and 

 rectrices black with greenish steel blue or dark bluish green edgings, 

 these broad on tertials and rectrices, very narrow on primaries; inner 

 webs of secondaries with basal half abruptly white, the inner webs of 

 primaries (except two to four outermost) abruptly white basally; no 

 white on rectrices; under parts of body and under tail-coverts clear 

 rich yellow (rich lemon, sometimes approaching Indian yellow); bill 

 black, the mandible apparently more grayish basally; legs and feet 

 dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 96.5-101.6 (98.8); 

 wing, 55.9-61 (58.4); tail, 30.5-32.5 (31.5); exposed culmen, 8.6-8.9; 

 depth of bill at base, 4.8-5.1 (4.8); tarsus, 16-16.3; middle toe, 10.7- 

 11.4 (10.9).^ 



' Four specimens. 




20 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult /eTOafe.— Forehead (extending backward lateMly to above 

 middle of eyes)chestnut-rafous; rest of upper parts plain olive-green, 

 more yellowish on lower rump and upper tail-coverts, the crown, 

 occiput, hindneck, back, upper rump, scapulars, and smaller wihg- 

 00 verts glossed with metallic bluish green; remiges and rectrices dusky 

 with yellowish olive-green edgings, broadest on tertials, narrowest 

 and more yellowish on primaries; sides of head and neck and most of 

 under parts yellowish olive-green or deep olive-yellowish, lighter and 

 more decidedly yellowish on chin, throat, and anterior portion of 

 malar and loral regions ; entire abdomen light tawny or deep ochraceous; 

 anal region and under taU-coverts similar, but more orange-ochra- 

 ceous; maxilla black, mandible grayish with dusky tip; legs and feet 

 dusky horn color; length (skins), 94-100.3 (97); wing, 57.4^58.4(67.9); 

 tail, 29.2-32 (30.5); exposed culmen, 8.1-8.6 (8.4); depth of bill at 

 base, 4.8-5.1 (4.9); tarsus, 15.5-15.7 (15.7); middle toe, 10.7-10.9 

 (10.9).' 



In the metallic olive-green color of the upper parts and tawny abdo- 

 men the adult female of E. gracilis presents a strong resemblance to 

 the adult male of E. gouldi; but the latter may at once be distinguished 

 by the yellow instead of chestnut forehead, the deeper tawny of the 

 abdomen and under tail-coverts (especially the latter), the former 

 being margined laterally with yellow and the decidedly less bluish- 

 green gloss of the upper parts. 



Costa Rica (San Jos6; Pozo Azul de Pirris) and Chiriqui (Volcan de 

 Chiriqui; Bugaba). 



Phonasca gracilis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., viii, Sept. 1860, 333 (San Jos6, Costa 

 Eica; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



Euphonia gracilis Sclatbe, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 359 (Costa Kica); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 69 (Costa Eica; Bugaba and Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiri- 

 qui). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 172 (Costa Eica). — Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (San Jos6).— Feantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 

 297 (San Jos6).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 186 (Volcan de Chi- 

 riqui; Bugaba). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 259, 

 pi. 16, flg. 3.— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 109 (Pozo Azul 

 de Pirris).— Cheerie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 530 (Pozo Azul; 

 descr. female; crit.); Auk, ix, 1892, 24 (San Jos6). 



[Euphonia] gracilis Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 



A{eroleptes] gracilis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 91, in text. 



EUPHONIA LUTEICAPILLA (Cabanis). 

 TELLOW-CROWITED EUPHONIA. 



Adult male. — Forehead and entire crown deep lemon or gamboge 

 yellow, the former with a narrow anterior margin of black (inter- 

 rupted at base of culmen); lores black; sides of head (below the yel- 

 low pileum), chin, throat, upper chest (the latter with a strongly 



^ Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 21 



convex posterior outline), back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 and wing-coverts glossy blue-black or dark steel blue, more or less 

 tinged with violet on head and neck; remiges and rectrices black, with 

 dark greenish steel blue edgings; no white on inner webs of rectrices; 

 under parts of body clear Indian yellow, the under tail-coverts paler 

 (lemon yellow); bill light grayish (bluish gray in life?) basally, black- 

 ish terminally; legs and feet dark horn color (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 94-95.3 (94.5); wing, 55.1-55.9 (55.6); tail, 31.2-33.5 (32); 

 exposed culmen, 7.4-7.9 (7.6); depth of bill at base, 4.3-4.6 (4.4); 

 tarsus, 14.2-14.7 (14.6); middle toe, 9.7-10.2 (9.9).^ 



Advit female. — Above plain yellowish olive-green, the remiges and 

 rectrices dusky with yellowish olive-green edgings; under parts dull 

 yellow (intermediate between wax yellow and gamboge), rather clearer 

 medially, slightly more olivaceous laterally; bill and feet as in adult 

 male; length (skins), 86.-^-92.7 (89.4); wing, 51.1-51.8 (51.3); tail, 

 28.2-30 (29); exposed culmen, 7.1-7.6 (7.4); depth of bill at base, 4.1- 

 4.3; tarsus, 13.5; middle toe, 9.4.^ 



Imm-ature male. — Variously intermediate in coloration between the 

 adult female and adult male, the black beginning first on lores and 

 chin and covering throat and foreneck before appearing on upper 

 parts; the forehead and superciliary region in this stage yellow, the 

 crown olive-green, like rest of upper parts. 



Young male. — Similar in coloration to adult female. 



Nicaragua (Rio Escondido) to Isthmus of Panama (Paraiso Station, 

 Panama Railx'oad). 



Phonasca luteicapilla Caeanis, Journ. fiir Orn., viii, Sept., 1860, 332 (Costa Rica; 

 coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



Euphonia luteicapilla Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Costa Eica). — 

 Fkantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). — Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 186 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Boquete de Chitra, Vera- 

 gua). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 260, pi. 16, fig. 1 

 (Turrialba, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui; Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; 

 Paraiso Station and Chepo, Isth. Panama). — Sclatek, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 68.— Zkledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 109 (San Jos6, 

 Las Trojas de Puntarenas, Pacaca, and Monte Eedondo de San Jos6). — 

 Cheerie, Auk, ix, 1892, 24 (San Jos4, Costa Eica; plumage of young male) . — 

 EicHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 488 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). 



\_Euphonia] luteicapilla Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 



A\croleptes\ lutdcapillus Caeanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 91, in text. 



EUPHONIA AFFINIS (Lesson). 

 LESSON'S EUPHONIA. 



Adult male. — Forehead and anterior portion of crown lemon yellow 

 (extending farther backward laterally, or to beyond eyes), the first 

 narrowly bordered anteriorly with black; rest of head, all round, with 



' Three specimens. * Two specimens. 




^'2 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



upper foreneck, uniform dark metallic violet or black with a strong 

 violet gloss; back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts dark steel blue or glossy blue-black, the first three usually more 

 or less tinged (sometimes strongly) with violet; larger wing-coverts, 

 remiges, and rectrices black; middle and greater wing-coverts, tertials, 

 and rectrices broadly margined with dark steel bluish; two outermost 

 rectrices with a large subterminal patch of white on inner web; 

 inner webs of secondaries abruptly white for basal half or more; 

 under parts of body pure yellow (rich lemon to chrome or sometimes 

 almost Indian yellow); under wing-coverts and axillars white, usually 

 tinged with yellow, especially the latter; maxilla black, becoming gray- 

 ish beneath nostril; mandible grayish (light bluish gray in life), the 

 tip blackish; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 86.4-98.6 (93.2); wing, 49.3-54.4 (51.8); tail, 28.5-35.6 (32); 

 exposed culmen, 6.9-7.6 (7.4); depth of bill at base, 4.3-4.8 (4.6); tar- 

 sus, 12.2-13.5 (18); middle toe, 8.4-10.2 (9.7).' 



Adult female. — Forehead yellowish olive-green, passing into grayish 

 olive or olive-gray on crown, occiput, and hindneck, this into grayish 

 olive-green on back, scapulars, wings, and upper rump, the lower 

 rump more yellowish olive-green; under parts olive-yellowish or light 

 grayish yellow anteriorlj-, passing into brighter and purer yellow pos- 

 teriorly (under tail-coverts lemon or canary yellow, the abdomen 

 nearly the same); bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 86.4r- 

 96.5 (92.2); wing, 49-53.6 (51.3); tail, 29.5-32.6 (31.2); exposed cul- 

 men, 6.6-7.6 (7.1); depth of bill at base, 3.8^.6 (4.3); tarsus, 13.2-14 

 (13.5); middle toe, 9.7-9.9 (8.9).' 



' Twenty-two specimens. 



^ Ten specimens, many of them in the plumage described as that of the immature 

 female. 

 Specimens from different localities average as follows: 



Adult males from Yucatan are slightly deeper yellow below, but apparently are 

 not otherwise different. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 23 



Immature {?) female. — Similar to the adult female, as described, but 

 grayer above, the occiput and hindneck distinctly ashy; under parts 

 less yellowish anteriorly, the throat, chest, and sides of breast some- 

 times yellowish gray. {Immature males are variously intermediate in 

 coloration, according to age, between the adult male and feniale.) 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Myiarchusra), Vera 

 Cruz (Orizaba, etc.), Oaxaca (Barrio; Tehuantepec), Yucatan (Merida), 

 and southward to Costa Rica (San Juan; Liberia; Alajuela). 



Tanagra{Euphonia) aj^nis Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1842, 175 (Realejo, Nicaragua). 



[Euphona'} affinis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 2.S3. 



E[uphonia] affinis Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 367. 



Euphonia affinis ScLATEB., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 274 (Orizaba, Vera Craz), 

 303 (Orizaba); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 100; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 57 

 (Orizaba; " Central America") ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 65 (Orizaba; 

 n. Yucatan; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Calderas, Duenas, Savana Grande, and 

 Retalhuleu, Guatemala). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 16 (Guatemala). — 

 Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 33 (Duenas, Guatemala) . — Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (San Juan, Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, 

 Yucatan); Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 18 (Barrio and Tehuantepec, 

 Oaxaca). — Frantzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Rica). — Sumichrast, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 550 (tierra caliente. Vera Cruz). — Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 257. — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. 

 Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Liberia and Alajuela, Costa Rica). — Richmond, 

 Proc. tJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 631 (Alta Myiarchusra, Tamaulipas). 



Phonasca affinis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 332 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). 



Alcroleptesl affinis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 91, in text. 



[Euphonial affinis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 



EUPHONIA MINUTA HUMILIS (Cabanis). 

 ■WHITE-VENTED ETTPHONIA. 



Adult male. — Forehead (as far backward as middle of eyes, with 

 truncated posterior outline) deep j^ellow (bright chrome or cadmium); 

 rest of head, with neck and chest, uniform dark violaceous steel blue, 

 with strongly convex or semicircular posterior outline on chest; 

 upper parts (except as described) dark steel blue, sometimes with a 

 slight greenish tinge, the upper back, however, tinged with violet; 

 inner webs of three lateral rectrices with a large subterminal patch 

 of white, that on the outermost occupying approximately one-half the 

 web; inner webs of secondaries with basal half (approximately) white; 

 under parts of body bright chroma or cadmium yellow, paler on sides 

 and flanks, where the feathers have a subterminal spot or bar of dusky 

 (the basal portion grayish) producing a mottled or clouded appearance; 

 lower abdomen, anal region, and under wing coverts white^ the last 

 tinged with pale yellow and with central (mostly concealed) spots of 

 dusky grayish; bill blackish terminally, grayish basally, the basal por- 

 tion of mandible sometimes whitish; iris dark brown; ^ legs and feet 



1 Zeledon, manuscript. 




24 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dusky (dark plumbeous in life); length (skins), 89.4-95.8 (91,7); 

 wing, 51.8-55.4 (53.1); tail, 27.4^31 (29.5); exposed culmen, 6.9-7.6 

 (7.1); depth of bill at base, 3.3-3.6; tarsus, 12.7-13.5 (13); middle toe, 

 8.6-9.7 (9.1).' 



AdAdt female. — Above deep yellowish olive-green, becoming more 

 yellowish on forehead, where the feathers show darker central spots; 

 cheeks and chin pale yellowish olive or olive-yellowish; throat pale 

 gray, in strong contrast with yellowish of chin, etc., and the deep 

 olive-yellow or dull gamboge yellow of chest, breast, sides, and flanks 

 (the latter more olivaceous); abdomen white; under tail-coverts pale 

 brownish gray; bill, iris, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 89.7- 

 93.5 (91.9); wing, 53.1-55.9 (54.1); tail, 28.2-30.6 (29.6); exposed cul- 

 men, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); depth of bill at base, 3.6-3.8 (3.8); tarsus, 13.3- 

 13.5 (13.2); middle toe, 9.4-9.7 (9. 4).' 



Guatemala to Isthmus of Panama. 



Phonasca, humilis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., viii, Sept., 1860, 334 (Costa Bica; 

 coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



Acroleptes humilis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 89 (Costa Kica; crit. ). 



Euphonia humilis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Costa Rica). — Frant- 

 /lus, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Eica).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., vi, 1888, 373 (San Juan del.Sur, Nicaragua; song). 



Euphonia minuta (not Euphona minuta Cabanis) Salvin and Sclateb, Ibis, 

 1860, 275 (Coban, Guatemala).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 332 

 (Panama E. E. ). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 186(Bugaba, Chiriqui; 

 Calovevora,Veragua). — Sclater, Ibis, 1873, 373 (Chontales, Nicaragua); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 71, part (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Oalovevora,Veragua; 

 Costa Rica; Chontales, Nicaragua; Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala). — Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 258, part (Guatemala; Nica- 

 ragua; Coata Eica; Veragua; Panama E. E.). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. 

 Costa Eica, i, 1887, 109 (San Jos6, Costa Eica). — Chekkie, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 531 (Costa Rica; crit.); Auk, ix, 1892, 25 (San Jos6, Costa 

 Eica). 



^Euphonia] minuta Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17, part. 



EUPHONIA GODMANI Brewster. 

 GODMAN'S EUPHONIA. 



Similar to M minuta humilis, but decidedly larger and with bill much 

 stouter; adult male with yellow of forehead and under parts much 

 paler, the former much broader; head and neck more brightly viola- 

 ceous, upper parts more violaceous steel blue, and inner webs of outer- 

 most rectrices more extensively white; adult female paler and much 

 grayer olive-green above, with occiput and hindneck bluish gray, the 

 chest and sides much paler olive-yellowish, and the throat olive- 

 yellowish instead of pale gray. 



AdMlt inale. — Forehead and anterior portion of crown (as far back 

 as posterior angle of eyes) pale lemon or canary yellow; rest of head 



^ Four specimens from Costa Rica. '' Three specimens from Costa Rica. 




BIRDS OF NORTH ANI> MIDDLE AMERICA. 25 



and neck bright violaceous steel blue or glossy violet-black; rest of 

 upper parts dark steel blue, more or less tinged with violet, especially 

 on upper back; remiges and rectrices black edged with steel blue; 

 inner webs of secondaries with more than basal half abruptly white; 

 inner web of outermost rectrix mostly or almost wholly white; second 

 rectrix with more than terminal half of inner web white; third with 

 much less white, sometimes very little; under parts of body, includ- 

 ing chest, pure rich lemon or chrome yellow, the lower abdomen some- 

 what mixed with whitish; under tail-coverts white, the shorter ones, at 

 least, tinged with yellow; bill blackish terminally, grayish or whitish 

 (bluish gray in life?) basally; iris brown; legs and feet dusky in dried 



■skins; length (skins), 96.5-99.1 (97.8); wing, 53.6-56.9 (55.1); tail, 

 30.7-35.3 (33); exposed culmen, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); depth of bill at base, 



'4.6-5.1 (4.8); tarsus, 13.5-14.5(13.7); middle toe, 10.2-10.4.'. 



Admit female. — Forehead light olive-green, passing into slate-gray 

 on crown, occiput, and hindneck, the rest of upper parts dull olive- 

 green, brighter on rump and upper tail-coverts and on edges of larger 

 wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices, the two last mainly diisky; under 

 parts, including throat, pale olive-yellowish, becoming more strongly 

 and purely yellow on flanks; abdomen, anal region and under tail- 

 coverts white; bill, iris, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 87.6- 

 94 (90.2); wing, 61.6-53.1 (52.8); tail, 29-29.7 (29.5); exposed culmen, 

 6.6-6.9; depth of bill at base, 4.1-4.8; tarsus, 12.7-13.2 (13); middle 

 toe, 9.9-10.2 (9.9).^ 



Western Mexico, in States of Sonora (Alamos), Sinaloa (Myiarchuszatlan; 

 Plomosas), and Colima (Sierra Myiarchusdre), and Territorj^ of Tepic (San 

 Bias; Rosa Morada). 



Euphonia affinis (not Tanagra [Euphonia) affinis Lesson) Lawrence, Mem. Bost. 



Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 273 (Sierra Myiarchusdre, Colima; Myiarchuszatlan). 

 Euphonia godmani Bebwstbe, Descr. Supposed New Birds from W. N. Am. and 



Mex., Jan., 1889, 90; Auk, vi, Apr., 1889, 90 (Myiarchuszatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico; 



coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



EUPHONIA HIRUNDINACEA Bonaparte. 

 BONAFARTE'S EUPHONIA. 



Adult male. — Forehead and anterior portion of crown (back to 

 about middle of eyes) and entire under parts yellow, deepest on under 

 parts of body, where deep gamboge or Indian yellow, paler on forehead, 

 chin, throat, and under tail-coverts, where more lemon yellow; poste- 

 rior portion of crown, occiput, hindneck, auricular, suborbital, and 

 malar regions, back, scapulars, smaller wing-coverts, rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts plain dark steel blue, more or less tinged with or inclining 

 to violet on head and neck; remiges and rectrices black, with steel blue 

 edgings; inner webs of secondaries abruptly white for more than basal 



' Four specimens. ■' Three specimens. 




26 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



half; inner web of outermost rectrix with niore than terminal half 

 white, that of the second with about (or a little less than) terminal half 

 white; maxilla black, becoming grayish beneath nostrils; mandible 

 grayish (bluish gray in life?) with blackish tip; iris brown; legs and 

 feet dusky (plumbeous in life) '; length (skins), 87.6-108.7 (102.1); wing, 

 55.6-64.8 (60.07); tail, 31-39.9 (35.3); exposed culmen, 7.1-8.9 (8.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.6 (5.3); tarsus, 14.2-15.7 (15); middle toe, 

 10.4-11.9 (11.2).' 



A(Mt female.— Ahova plain olive-green faintly glossed with metallic 

 greenish, the forehead, rump, and upper tail-coverts, slightly more 

 yellowish olive-green; inner web of outermost rectrix with a terminal 

 spot of white; lores pale grayish, margined above by an indistinct 

 dusky line; suborbital and auricular regions olive-green, passing into 

 more yellowish olive-green on anterior portion of malar region, the 

 chin light yellowish olive-green or olive-yellowish; throat and median 

 portion of chest and breast very pale gray or grayish white, passing 

 into purer white on abdomen, the chest usually more tinged with gray; 

 postauricular and postmalar region deeper gray; sides of breast, sides, 

 and flanks bright yellowish olive-green, strongly contrasted with whit- 

 ish of median under parts; under tail-coverts pale olive-yellowish; bill, 

 etc., as in adult male; length (skins), 89.7-109.2 (97.8); wing, 55.1-60.5 

 (57.7); tail, 29.7-35.3 (32.3); exposed culmen, 7.1-8.9 (7.9); depth of 

 bill at base, 5.1-5.3; tarsus, 14.2-15.2 (14.7); middle toe, 10.4-11.9 

 (11.2).' 



Young male, first plumage. — Similar to adult female, but plumage 

 of looser texture, and olive-green of upper parts without gloss. 



' Zeledon, manuscript. 

 ^Sixteen specimens. 

 ^ Six specimens. 



Specimens from Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica average, respectively, in 

 measurements as follows: 



Adult males from Guatemala and those from the Mexican States of Chiapas and 

 Tabasco are strongly violaceous above, while those from Costa Rica are more green- 

 ish; those from Vera Cruz and southern Tamaulipas (Tampico), however, are very 

 similar in coloration of the upper parts to those from Costa Rica, but are paler yellow 

 below than, either the latter or those from Guatemala. It therefore follows that if 

 any subdivision of the species be made, three forms will require recognition. The 

 series is much too small, however, to enable me to decide the question. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 27 



(Immature males first assume yellow feathers on the throat and median 

 under parts, the whole under surface becoming yellow before the black 

 begins to appear. This is first seen on the head, which becomes e:cactly 

 as in the adult male before the color of the back, wings, etc., changes 

 from olive-green.) 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Tampico; Alta Myiarchusra), 

 Vera Cruz (Cordova; Jalapa; Orizaba), Puebla (Rinconada), Oaxaca 

 (Play a Vicente; Guichicovi), and Yucatan (Chichen-Itza), and south- 

 ward to Costa Rica (San Jose; Naranjo de Cartago; San Juan; Turri- 

 alba, etc.); Chiriqui?; Veragua?. 



JEuphonia hirundinacea Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 117 (Guate- 

 mala;=immature male) ; Nuov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bolcgna, ii, 1839, 345 (Mexico) ; 

 Consp. Av., i, 1850, 232.— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 98, pi. 65, 

 fig. 1 (Guatemala; Chiriqui; Veragua; Colombia?); 1856, 278 (monogr. ), 

 303 (Guatemala; Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 378 

 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca) ; Tanagr. Cat. Spec, 1854, 14, 16; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 

 1856, 104; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 59 (Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala; Mexico; 

 "New Granada"); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 75 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; 

 n. Yucatan; Corosal and Belize, Brit. Honduras; pine ridge of Poctun and 

 Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala; San Pedro, Honduras; Costa Eica). — 

 Sclatek and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 16 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phiila., 1865, 

 172 (Turrialba, Costa Rica).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 

 (Turrialba and San Juan, Costa Rica); Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 

 18 (Guichicovi, Oaxaca). — Frantziits, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa 

 Rica). — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H , i, 1869, 550 (tierra caliente. 

 Vera Cruz). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 443 (Yucatan). — 

 Salvin, Cat. Strrckland Coll., 1882, 180 (Guatemala). — Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, i, 1883, 261 (Coban, Cajabon, etc., Guate- 

 mala; Hato Viejo, Nicaragua, etc. ).-t-Zelbdon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa 

 Rica, i, 1887, 109 (San Jos6, Naranjo de Cartago, and Monte Redondo de 

 San Jos6, Costa Rica). — Cherrie, Auk, ix, 1892, 24 (San Jos6, etc., Costa 

 Rica; descr. nest and eggs). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 

 488 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua); xviii, 1896, 631 (Alta Myiarchusra, Tamaulipas). — 

 Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., viii, 1896, 297 (Chichen-Itza, Yucatan; 

 song).— Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 1896-97 (1899), 223 (Rinconada, 

 Puebla). 



E[uphonia\ hirundinacea Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 367. 



[Euphonia'] hirundinacea Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 78, no. 7145.— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 18. 



Phonasca hirundinacea Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 334 (Costa Rica). 



Euphonia laniiroslris (not of Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny) Sclater, Jardine's 

 Contr. Orn., 1851, 86, part (Chiriqui). 



(?) Phonasca gnatho Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., Sept., 1860, 335 (Costa Rica; coll. 

 Berlin Myiarchuss.); 1861, 90. 



(?) Euphonia gnatho Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Costa Rica).— 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Rica).— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, i, 1883, 262 (Tempate, Gulf of iSTicoya, Costa Rica).— 

 Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 76 (Tempate and Turrialba, Costa 

 Rica) .— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Costa Rica). 



(?) lEuphonia'] gnatho Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 18. 




28 



BIJLLETIK 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



EUPHONIA CRASSIROSTRIS Sclater. 

 THICK-BILLED EUPHOKIA. 



Similar to E. hirundinaoea, but adult male with yellow of forehead 

 extending much farther backward (over anterior half of crown) and 

 with rounded instead of truncate posterior outline, and adult female 

 entirely yellow beneath. 



Adult male. — Forehead and anterior half of crown lemon yellow, 

 this extending much behind eyes, and with a strongly convex or 

 rounded posterior outline; entire under parts rich yellow (deep gam- 

 boge or Indian yellow), becoming paler (lemon or canary yellow) on 

 under tail-coverts; head (except as described) and upper parts dark 

 steel blue, usually more or less tinged with or inclining to violet 

 anteriorly; remiges and rectrices black with steel blue or greenish 

 steel blue edgings; inner webs of secondaries abruptly white for more 

 than basal half; inner web of two lateral rectrices with a large sub- 

 terminal patch of white, larger on the outermost; maxilla black, 

 becoming grayish beneath nostrils; mandible grayish (bluish gray in 

 life?) on basal half or more, blackish terminally; iris brown; legs and 

 feet horn color or dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 99.1-111.8 

 (103.6); wing, 60.2-64.8(62.2); tail, 33.6-38.6 (35.3); exposed culmen, 

 7.9-10.2 (9.1); depth of bill at base, 5.8-6.6 (5.8); tarsus, 14.7-16 

 (15.2); middle toe, -9. 9-11. 9 (10.7).' 



Adult female. — Above plain yellowish olive-green; beneath oliva- 

 ceous yellow, purer yellow medially, more olive-greenish laterally; 

 length (skins), 3.90-4.10 (4.03); wing, 69.7-63.5 (61.2); tail, 33-88.1 

 (35.1); exposed culmen, 8.4-8.9 (8.6); tarsus, 15-15.5 (15.2); middle 

 toe, 10.7-12.2 (11.4).^ 



Costa Rica (Angostura; Cartago) and southward through Colombia 

 to western Ecuador (to Peru and Venezuela?). 



[Euphona] laniirosiris (not Euphonia laniirostris Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny) 

 Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 31 (Colombia). 



^ Eleven specimens. 

 '' Three specimens, 

 ity, as follows: 



Specimens vary in average measurements according ,to local. 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Exposed 

 culinen. 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



HALi:s. 



Three adult males from Bogota 



Three adult males Irom Santa Myiarchusrta (2) and lower 



Myiarchusgdalena R. (1) 



Four adult males from Isthmus of Panama 



One adult male from Chiriqui 



FEMALES. 



Two adult females from Santa Myiarchusrta 



One adult female from Isthmus of Panama : . . 



60.5 

 62.2 

 fil.7 



62 

 59.7 



37.8 



34.3 

 35.1 

 85.1 



8.6 

 8.6 



6.8 

 5.3 

 6.1 



12.7 



15.7 

 15.2 

 15.2 



15.2 

 15.2 



11.4 



11.2 

 10.2 

 10.7 



11.2 

 12.2 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 29 



Euphonia laniirostris Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 119 (Atanques, prov. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, alt. 2,700 ft.; crit.); 1880, 119 (Atanques); Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 262, part (Angostura, Costa Rica; Volcan de 

 Chiriqui, Bugaba, and David, Ohiriqui; Boquete de Chitra, Calovevora, and 

 Cordillera de Tole, Veragua; Lion Hill and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R. ; 

 Colombia; Ecuador; Peru?) .— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 76, 

 part, excl. syn. part (Costa Rican and Colombian localities and references).— 

 Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Costa Rica). 



Phlonasca] laniirostriii Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 331; 1861, 90. 



Euphonia crassirostris Sclateb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 277 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1859, 19 (Bogota, Colombia); (?) 1860, 275 

 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador); Synop. Av., Tanagr., 1856, 103; Cat. Am. Birds, 

 1862, 58, part (Bogota; Babahoyo?; Caracas, Venezuela?).— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (David, Chiriqui); 1870, 186 (Chitra, Boquete de 

 Chitra, and Calovevora, Veragua).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 

 54 (Cartago, Costa Rica).— Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 289 (Bucara- 

 manga, Colombia).— Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1891, 161 (Myiarchusgdalena 

 R., Colombia).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 141 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia) , 179 (Palomina, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta) ; Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, 

 ii, 1900, 28 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.; crit.). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. 

 N. H., xiii, 1900, 170 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Myiarchusrta; crit.). 



Euphonia crassirostris? Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 175 (David, 

 Chiriqui; crit.). 



E\uphonia\ crassirostris Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., ii, 1889, 91 (Bogota; 

 crit); iii, 1891, 351 (crit.). 



Euphonia hirundinacea (not of Bonaparte) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 

 298 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.). 



Euphonia sp.? Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Cordillera de Tol6, 

 Veragua) . 



EUPHONIA GOULDI Sclater. 



GOULD'S EUPHONIA. 



Adult male. — Forehead (sometimes forepart of crown also) yellow, 

 the feathers with partially exposed central triangular spots of dusky; 

 rest of upper parts plain olive-green, the feathers with broad metallic 

 margins, producing a strong metallic sheen to the plumage; remiges 

 and rectrices dusky with olive-green or yellowish olive-green edgings; 

 lores dusky, becoming black along upper margin next to yellow of 

 forehead; sides of head (except lores) and neck, chin, throat, and chest 

 plain yellowish olive-green, without metallic gloss; sides and flanks 

 olive-green, the feathers with broad margins of yellow; median portion 

 of breast, abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts uniform deep 

 tawny; maxilla black, mandible bluish gray with dusky tip; legs and 

 feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 86.4-102.9 (92.7); 

 wing, 50.8-57.9 (55.1); tail, 25.1-31.5 (29.6); exposed culmen, 8.1-9.4 

 (8.4); depthof bill at base, 5.3-5.6(5.5); tarsus, 14.7-15.7 (15.2); mid- 

 dle toe, 9.7-11.7 (10.7).' 



Adult female. — Forehead dark rusty or chestnut, the feathers with 

 darker central spots, partly exposed; rest of upper parts plain olive- 



^ Fourteen specimens. 




30 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 



green, the feathers with broad semimetallic margins, producing a dis- 

 tinct metallic gloss or sheen to the plumage; remiges and rectrices dusky 

 with olive-green edgings, narrower and more yellowish on primaries; 

 under parts deep olive-yellowish, darker (more yellowish olive-green) on 

 sides and flanks; under tail-coverts deep ochraceous or tawny; bill and 

 feet as in adult male; length (skins), 83.8-99.1 (95); wing, 49.5-58.7 

 (54. 6) ; tail, 22. 4r-32 (28. 2) ; exposed culmen, 7.9-8.6 (8. 4) ; depth of bill at 

 base, 4.8-5.8 (5.3); tarsus, 14.7-15.7 (15.2); middle toe, 9.9-11.7 (10.9).' 

 Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Santecomapan), Oaxaca, 

 etc., and southward to Costa Rica (Angostura; Valza; Tucurriqui; San 

 Carlos; Jimenez; Pacuare; Dota Mts.). 



Euphonia ? Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 303 (Mexico). 



Euphonia gouldi Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., xxv, 1857, 66, pi. 124 (Guate- 

 mala; coll. J. Gould), 229 (Santecomapan, Vera Cruz; Mosquito coast, Nica- 

 ragua); Ann. and Myiarchusg. N. H., 2d ser., xx, 1857, 319; Joum. fiir Orn., vi, 

 1858, 73; Cat. Am. Birds, ii, 1862, 60 (Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala); 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 81 (Choctum and Kamkhal, Guatemala; 

 Belize, Brit. Honduras; Chontales, Nicaragua; Angostura and Valza, Costa 

 Rica). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 17 (Guatemala).— Salvin, Ibis, 

 1860, 194 (Coban, Guatemala); 1872, 315 (Chontales, Nicaragua).— Frant- 

 zius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Tucurriqui, etc., Costa Rica).— Bon- 

 CARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). — Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 263. — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., X, 1887, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nae. 

 Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Jimenez, Costa Rica). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 488 (Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). 

 lEuphonia] gouldi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 18. 

 Euphonia gouldii Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Angostura, Pacuare, 

 and Dota Mts., Costa Rica). — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 

 550 (hot region. Vera Cruz). 



' Twelve specimens. 



Specimens vary in measurements according to locality, those from Costa Rica and 

 Nicaragua being the smallest. The series examined is not sufficient, however, to 

 show whether there are constant local differences in either measurements or colora- 

 tion. Following are average measurements: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 31 



Genus PYRRHUPHONIA Bonaparte. 



Pyrrhuphonia Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxi, 1850, 423; Rev. Zool., iii, 1851, 

 137. (Type, Pringillajamawa Linnadne.) 



Similar to EupJwnia but bill much stouter, its depth at base equal 

 to its width at rictus and greater than distance from nostril to tip of 

 maxilla; gonys very strongly ascending terminally, its basal angle 

 very prominent; maxillary tomium with subterminal notch indistinct^ 

 and without smaller notches or serrations posterior to the notch. 



Coloration. — Uniform, slightly metallic, greenish gray above, paler 

 gray beneath, becoming yellowish on abdomen. 



Bcmge. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) 



PYRRHUPHONIA JAMAICA (Linn^us). 

 JAMAICAN EUFEONIA. 



Adniltmale. — Above uniform greenish plumbeous, with a strong gloss 

 of metallic bluish green; remiges dusky, with greenish plumbeous edg- 

 ings, broadest on tertials; beneath much paler gray, without greenish 

 tinge or metallic gloss; abdomen light yellow (canary yellow or pale 

 lemon yellow) ; anal region and under tail-coverts pale cream-buff, the 

 latter with central or median portion duller, sometimes pale gray; 

 axillars pale yellow (primrose or pale sulphur); under wing-coverts 

 white; maxilla black with portion below nostril bluish gray (grayish 

 blue in life?); mandible bluish gray for basal half or more, blackish 

 terminally; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 101.6-114.3 (105.9); wing, 66-66:5 (66.3); tail, 39.1-40.1 (39.6); 

 exposed culmen, 8.9-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 17.5-17.8 (17.7); middle toe, 

 10.9-12.7 (12.2).' 



Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck greenish gray, with a slight 

 metallic gloss; rest of upper parts plain olive-green, slightly more 

 yellowish posteriorly; under parts pale gray, paler and duller medially; 

 abdomen buffy whitish; otherwise like the male; length (skins), 101.6- 

 118 (107.2); wing, 64.8-66 (65.3); tail, 38.6; exposed culmen, 8.9-9.4 

 (9.1); depth of bill at base, 7.1; tarsus, 17.8; middle toe, 12.2-12.7 

 (12.4).= 



Island of Jamacia, Greater Antilles. 



[Fringilla^ Jamaica Linn«us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 323 (Jamaica; baaed on 

 Orey Grosbeak Brown, Illustr., 62, pi. 26).— Gmblin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 

 1788, 920.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 448. 



Euphonia Jamaica GossE, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 238; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pi. 

 59.— ScLATEE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 73; Calt. Am. Birds, 1862, 60.— 

 Albeecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 196.— Myiarchusech, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1863, 296.— CoEY, Auk, iii, 1886, 194 (synonymy and descr.); Birds W. I., 

 1889, 81.— Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 180. 



'The notch is by no means wanting, as stated ou page 53 of the Catalogue of the 

 Birds in the British Myiarchusseum, vol. xi. 

 ' Three specimens. ' Two specimens. 




32 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEIfM. 



[Euphona] Jamaica Bonapahtb, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 233. 



[Euphonia'] Jamaica Sclater and Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 18. 



Eluphonia} Jamaica l^EWTON (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. 



Ercphonia Jamaica: ScLATER, Jardine's Oontr. Orn., 1851, 91. 



Euphonia jamaicenm Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , 1856, 280 ( monogr. ) ; Synop. 



Av. Tanagr., 1856, 106. 

 [Euphmia'] jamaicensis Cory, ListBirdsW. I., 1885, 11. 

 Pyrrhuphonia Jamaica Bonaparte, Eev. Zool., iii, Myiarchusr., 1851, 137. — Sclateh, 



Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 85 (Moneague, Metcalf Parigh, and St. Ann's, 



Jamaica).— Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 113, 130. 

 Euphmia cinerea Lapresnaye, Rev. Zool., ix., Aug., 1846, 277 ("Columbia").— 



Sclater, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 91. 

 Eluphonia} cinerea Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, App., 1849, 17. 

 [Euphona] cinerea Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 235. 



Genus BUTHRAUPIS Cabanis. 

 Buthraupis^ Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 29. (Type, TanagractwuMyiarchusta Jardme.) 



Large, short-billed, Tanagers, with the plumage chiefly blue and 

 yellow, wing rather long and pointed, and tail much shorter than 

 wing, even, or very slightly rounded. 



Bill short (length of maxilla from nostril not more — usually much 

 less — than half the length of the tarsus), stout (both depth and width at 

 base equal to or exceeding gonys), usually deeper than broad, rapidly 

 tapering to the distinctly uncinate tip ; culmen gently convex, its terminal 

 portion sometimes more strongly curved and produced into a distinct 

 uncinate point, with a distinct tomial notch behind it; gonys about 

 equal to length of maxilla from nostril (or sometimes a little shorter), 

 gently convex, strongly ascending, contracted and strongly ridged 

 terminally; commissure nearly straight or (usually) slightly sinuated. 

 Nostril exposed, nearly circular, occupying most of anterior end of 

 nasal fossae. Rictal bristles rather distinct. "Wing rather long (three 

 and one-half to foixr and one-fourth times as long as tarsus), rather 

 pointed (eighth to fifth primaries longest, ninth longer than third); 

 primaries exceeding secondaries by not more (usually less) than length 

 of tarsus. Tail a little more than half {JB. arcwi and B. cceruleigidans) 

 to nearly five-sixths {B. exim,ia) as long as wing, even or very slightly 

 rounded, the rectrices broad, with rounded tips. Tarsus longer than 

 middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching to or slightly beyond 

 base of middle claw. 



Coloration. — Uniform dull blue or green above, the remiges and 

 rectrices (except sometimes on margins) blackish, the head also some- 

 times black; chin, throat, and chest black or very dark blue, the 

 remaining underparts yellow, or else yellowish olive with an orange- 

 yellow pectoral patch. 



Rcmge. — Costa Rica to Bolivia, Peru, and western Ecuador, in 

 mountains. 



' "Von /3ov(J zur Bezeichnung der Grosse und Spavnid, nom. prop." 




BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEBIOA. 33 



There is great difference in the form of the bill between B. ouoidlata, 

 B. montana^ B. arcml (and its close ally B. caruleigularii) on the one 

 hand and B. chloronota and B. eximia on the other, the two last 

 named having this member much shorter and proportionally deeper 

 at the base, the extreme abbreviation existing in B. eximia. In the 

 last-named species the gonys is sharply ridged, and there is a very 

 slight development of the uncinate tip to the maxilla, which in 

 B. chloronota is quite as well developed as in B. cucuUata, the gonys 

 at the same time lacking the well-defined ridge of B. eximia. On the 

 other hand B. arccei and B. cwruleigularis, with even a more slender 

 bill than B. cucullata., have the tip of the maxilla even less uncinate 

 than B. eximia. It will be seen, thei'efore, that the genus can not be 

 subdivided on the shape of the bill alone without making four groups, 

 the first to include B. cucullata and B. montana., the second B. arcwi 

 and B. cceruleigularis, the third B. chloronota., and the fourth B. eximia. 



The first-mentioned of these groups is further characterized by 

 having the plumage of the upper parts (the head excepted) remarkably 

 glossy. The others have the upper plumage normal in this respect, 

 except that represented bj^ B. eximia, which has the pileum glossy 

 and the rump partially so. The group containing B. arcmi and B. 

 cmruleigularis {B. edwardsi also?) has the tail very much shorter in 

 proportion to the wing than the others. 



It m.2ij eventually prove necessary to separate one or more of these 

 groups on account of the characters mentioned, but for the present I 

 prefer to leave the genus with usually assigned limits. 



BUTHRAUPIS ARC^I Sclater and Salvin. 

 AROE'S TAWAGER. 



Aokilt male. — Above dull grayish indigo blue, the wings and tail 



blackish with dull indigo blue edgings; lores, chin, and throat dull 



blackish, tinged with dull indigo bluish; rest of under parts rich 



yellow (saffron or Indian yellow on chest, gradually fading to lemon 



yellow on under tail-coverts), the sides and flanks mottled or clouded 



with dusky; under wing-coverts pale yellow, with concealed dusky 



spaces on outer webs; bill blackish; legs and feet horn brownish; 



length (skin), 14Y.3;' wing, 85.6; tail, 72.6; exposed culmen, 15.2; 



depth of bill at base, 8.6; tarsus, 22.4; middle toe, 16. 



Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu; Calobre). 



Bulhraupis arcid Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 439, pi. 31 



(Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman).— Salvin, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 (Cordillera del Chucu). -Salvin and Godman, 



Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 276 (Cordillera del Chucu and Calobre, 



Veragua).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 149. 



[Buthraupls] arcxi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neo tr., 1873, 20. ^ 



iThe total length is actually much greater, the skin being greatly shortened, 



3654r— VOL 2—01 3 




34 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



BUTHRAUPIS C^RULEIGULARIS Cherrie. 



CHERRIE'S TANAGEB. 



Similar to B. arcwi, but larger; sides and flanks extensively and 

 uniformly dusky bluish; chin and throat dull indigo blue, scarcely 

 darker than pileum, and under wing-coverts light yellow without con- 

 cealed dusky spots. 



Admit male. — Head (all round), hindneck, sides of neck, entire upper 

 parts, sides, and flanks, uniform dull indigo blue, the larger wing- 

 coverts, remiges, and rectrices, however, dull black, except on edges; 

 chest and breast (except laterally), belly, anal region, and under tail- 

 coverts bright yellow, changing gradually from rich Indian yellow on 

 the chest to lemon yellow on the under tail-coverts; axillars canary 

 yellow; under wing-coverts mixed primrose yellow and white; inner 

 webs of remiges dull brownish gray, paler on edges, these becoming 

 whitish toward base; thighs uniform dusky indigo blue; bill entirely 

 black; legs dusky horn color; feet dull blackish; length (skin), about 

 142.2 (tail imperfect); wing, 86.9; exposed culmen, 15.2; depth of bill 

 at base, 8.9; tarsus, 21.6; middle toe, 16.2. 



Although apparently very different from B. arcwi in the exten- 

 sively and uniformly dusky sides and flanks, this form is so closely 

 similar in other features of coloration that possibly it may only repre- 

 sent an extreme variation of that species. At any rate, additional 

 specimens will be necessary to establish its validity. 



Central Costa Rica (Buena Vista). 



Buihraupis caeruleigularii Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, no. 956, Oct. 28, 

 1893, 609 (Buena Vista, s. w. Costa Rica; coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Genus CALOSPIZA Gray. 



(MListe (not Callista Poll, 1791) BoiE, Isis, 1826, 974. (Type, Tanagra tricolor 

 Linnaeus. ) 



Aglaia (not of Renier, 1804, nor of Eschscholz, 1825) Swainson, Zool. Jour., iii, 

 1827, 347. (Type, Tanagra tatao Linneeus. ) 



Calospiza Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 44. (Type, Tanagra tricolor Linnaeus.) 



CaZlospiza (emendation) Cabanis, Wiegman's Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1847, 317. 



Gyrola Eeichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 77. (Type, Tanagra gyrola Lin- 

 naeus. ) 



Tatao Bonaparte, Compt. Eend., xxxii, 1851, 80. (Type, Tanagra tatao Lin- 

 nseus. ) 



Chrysothraupis Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Myiarchusr., 1851, 142. (Type, 

 Tanagra {Aglaia) aurulenta Lafresnaye.) 



Ixothraupis Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Myiarchusr., 1851, 143. (Type, 

 Tanagra. punctata Linnaeus. ) 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 35 



Chalcothraupis Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Myiarchusr., 1851, 144. (Type, 



Tanagra {Aglaia) labradorides Lafresnaye.) 

 Euschemon Sclatek, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 95. (Type, Tanagra flava 



Gmelin. ) 

 Euprepiste Sclater, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 95. (Type, Tanagra hrasUiensis 



Linnaeus. ) 



Small, very brilliantly colored Tanagers with the bill shorter than 

 middle toe without claw, the tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe 

 with claw and more than one-third as long as tail; if not brillianth' 

 colored in adult plumage, the lesser wing-coverts glossy bright blue. 



Bill small (exposed culmen about half as long as tarsus, sometimes 

 a little more or less), varying from rather stout, with decidedly curved 

 culmen and basal depth equal to basal width (equal also to length of 

 gonys), to rather slender, with culmen nearly straight and basal depth 

 much less than basal width or than length of gonys; commissure nearly 

 straight, the maxillary tomium more or less distinctly notched near 

 tip; gonys nearly (sometimes quite) equal to length of maxilla from 

 nostril, slightly convex, and decidedly ascending terminally, the tip 

 of the mandible acute. Nostril partly (sometimes almost entirely) 

 concealed by frontal plumules — rarely fully exposed — nearly circular, 

 in lower anterior portion of nasal fossse. Rictal bristles minute, often 

 obsolete. Wing long (about three and one-third to four and one-fourth 

 times as long as tarsus), pointed (ninth to sixth or eighth to sixth 

 primaries longest, ths ninth usually longer, rarely shorter, than fifth) ; 

 primaries exceeding secondaries by nearly (sometimes quite) the 

 length of the tarsus. Tail shorter than wing by length of tarsus or 

 (usually) more, usually more or less emarginate, sometimes even, the 

 rectrices rather narrow, with firm webs and rounded tips. Tarsus 

 decidedly (sometimes very much) longer than middle toe with claw; 

 lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw or slightly beyond; 

 hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit. 



Coloration. — Usually extremely brilliant and varied, in many cases 

 beyond any other known birds, thus fully entitling the genus to the 

 name by which it has usually been known {CalMyiarchuste, i. e., most beauti- 

 ful), but which unfortunately can not be retained. Only one of the 

 sixty-odd species is plainly attired, this (well named C. inornata) 

 being plain gray (paler below), with lesser wing-coverts bright glossy 

 blue. The sexes are usually alike in color, or nearly so, but the young 

 are quite different, being very plain, never streaked. 



Range.— Tropical America, from southern Mexico to southern 

 Brazil and Peru. Wanting from the West Indies, except in St. 

 Vincent and Grenada. 



Although very marked variations in the shape of the bill and in 

 other details of external structure occur among the numerous species 

 of this genus, I am unable to subdivide it into groups with definite 




36 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



characters. The species may be conveniently assorted according to 

 their style of coloration, as has been done by Dr. Sclater, though I 

 would give some of his groups different limits. For example, O. florida, 

 which both he and Messrs. Salvin and Godman consider most nearly 

 allied with C. schranki and place in the same subdivision (true CalUste). 

 seems to me to be a typical " Chrysothraupis,'''' having exactly the same 

 pattern of coloration as C. aurulenta, C. pulchra^ etc. , but with their 

 brilliant orange and yellow replaced by glossy green. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CALOSPIZA. 



«. Back streaked with black or dusky. 



b. Under parts green or yellowish, without streaks or spots, 

 c. General color yellow, the throat pale silvery buff or grayish. (Costa Eica to 



Ecuador. ) Calospiza icterocephala (p. 37) 



cc. General color green, including throat; a large black auricular patch. {Calo- 

 spiza florida.) 

 d. Larger (wing of adult male 68.1, tail 43.7) ; general color purer green; adult 

 male with a large occipital patch of pure yellow. (Costa Bica.) 



Calospiza florida florida (p. 39) 



dd. Smaller (wing of adult male 64.5-66.5, tail 40.1-41.1); general color more 



yellowish green; adult male without distinct, if any, occipital patch of 



yellow. (Veragua.) Calospiza florida arosei (p. 40) 



bb. Under parts white or pale greenish blue, spotted with black anteriorly. 

 t. Smaller (wing of adult male 68.6); lesser wing-coverts green, with central 

 spots of black; pileum green, the feathers with central spots of black. 



(Costa Rica to Ecuador, etc.) Calospiza guttata chrysoplirys (p. 40) 



cc. Larger (wing of adult male 86.4); lesser wing-coverts plain blue; pileum 

 black, the feathers margined with blue. (West coast of Guatemala.) 



Calospiza cabanisi (p. 42) 

 aa. Back without streaks. 

 b. Back bright green. 

 c. Head (except throat) bright rufous-chestnut or orange-maroon. 

 d. Rump, throat, and breast blue; outer webs of primaries green; anterior 

 lesser wing-coverta yellow; hindneck green, except a narrow band at pos- 

 terior margin of chestnut hood (sometimes obsolete). (Costa Rica to 



Bolivia. ) Calospiza gyroloides, adults (p. 43) 



dd. Rump, throat, and breast green; outer webs of primaries cinnamon-rufous; 

 anterior lesser wing-coverts green; whole hindneck saffron yellow. 



(Nicaragua to Isthmus of Panama.) Calospiza lavinia, adults (p. 46) 



cc. Head green. 



d. Under wing-coverts white or whitish Calospiza gyroloides, young (p. 46) 



dd. Under wing-coverts brownish gray Calospiza lavinia, young (p. 46) 



bb. Back not bright green. 

 c. Back black, dusky, or dull grayish green; rump blue or green. 

 d. Head mostly black; under parts of body light cinnamon; back greenish 

 black or dusky. 

 e. Lesser wing-coverts ultramarine or cobalt blue; rump bright yellowish 

 green, changing to bluish green; back greenish black. (Costa Rica; 



Veragua.) Calospiza dowi, adults (p. 46) 



ee. Lesser wing-coverts greenish blue; rump dull grayish green; back dusky. 



Calospiza dowi, young (p. 47) 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEEIOA. 37 



dd. Head not black; under parts of body not light cinnamon; back not green- 

 ish black nor dusky. 

 e. Head changing from golden buff to silvery yellowish green, the forehead 

 and cheeks blue, the lores and chin black; back deep black; rump 

 bright blue; chest and sides of breast black. ( Calospiza larvata, adults. ) 

 /. Deeper colored (sides bright ultramarine, becoming bright cerulean or 

 turquoise blue on flanks, the throat cinnamon-rufous); greater wing- 

 coverts, remiges and rectrices more broadly edged with greenish; 

 slightly larger. (Southern Mexico to northern Honduras. ) 



Calospiza larvata larvata, adults (p. 47) 

 ff. Lighter colored (sides cerulean blue, becoming pale greenish blue or 

 bluish green on flanks, the throat orange-buffy or ochraceous) ; greater 

 wing-coverts, remiges and rectrices more narrowly edged with green- 

 ish (the edgings sometimes wanting on greater wing-coverts) ; slightly 

 smaller. (Southern Honduras to Isthmus of Panama. ) 



Calospiza larvata fanny, adults (p. 49) 

 66. Head grayish green, becoming whitish on throat; back dull or grayish 

 green, clouded with blackish or dusky laterally; rump dull green; sides 

 of chest and breast grayish or dusky. 



Calospiza larvata larvata, young (p. 48) 



Calospiza larvata fanny, young (p. 49) 



cc. Back neither black, dusky, nor dull green; rump neither blue nor green. 



d. Pileum, back, scapulars, and rump plain slate-gray; under parts pale gray, 



becoming whitish on abdo^nen; lesser wing-coverts bright blue. ( Veragua 



to central Colombia.) Calospiza inornata, adults (p. 51) 



dd. Pileum. rufous-tawny to very dark chestnut; back, scapulars, and rump 

 opalescent, dull greenish or buffy; under parts dliU bufty or greenish, 

 more or less opalescent; lesser wing-coverts dull greenish or bluish 

 green. 

 6. Smaller (wing 70.4-75.2) ; coloration darker, the pileum dark chestnut. 

 (Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles; Venezuela.) 



Calospiza cuouUata, adults (p. 52) 

 ee. Larger (wing 75.7-78.7); coloration lighter, the pileum light chestnut to 

 rufous- tawny. (Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.) 



Calospiza versicolor, adults (p. 53) 



CALOSPIZA ICTEROCEPHALA (Bonaparte). 



SILVER-THROATED TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Pileum, nape, sides of head, and vrhole rump plain 

 glossy deep saffron or Indian yellow; back and scapulars similar 

 but rather paler yellow (sometimes slightly tinged with greenish), 

 broadly streaked with black; wings and tail black, the lesser and mid- 

 dle wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellow or greenish yellow, the 

 greater coverts, remiges, and rectrices edged with yellowish green; 

 chin, throat, and malar region and rather indistinct collar across hind- 

 neck pale buffy greenish or greenish buffy, more or less changeable 

 with different inclinations to the light; under part of body and under 

 tail-coverts plain saffron or Indian yellow, slightly tinged with olive- 

 greenish laterally; anterior portion of lores and a streak from rictus 

 along lower edge of suborbital and malar regions (widening more or 




38 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



less at posterior extremity) black; bill black; iris brown; legs and 

 feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 109.2-137.2 (124.2); 

 wing, 69.6-80 (74.7); tail, 44.7-53.1 (49.3); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.7 

 (9.9); depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.6 (5.3); tarsus, 17-19.1 (17.8); middle 

 toe, 11.4-12.7 (12.2).' 



Adult female.— SimilsLT in color to the adult male and not always 

 distinguishable, but usually more or less duller in color; length (skins), 

 127-132.1(129.5); wing, 70. 1-78. 2 (72. 6); tail, 43. 9-53. 1(47.2); exposed 

 culmen, 9.9-10.2 (10); depth of bill at base, 5.1-6.8 (5.3); tarsus, 

 17.3-18 (17.8); middle toe, 11.9-12.2.' 



Young inale. — Myiarchusch duller in coloration than the dullest adult 

 females; above olive-green, slightly tinged with yellow on sides of 

 head, more decidedly yellowish on rump; feathers of pileum with 

 small triangular or sagittate central spots of blackish, the interscapulars 

 and scapulars with large dusky markings of similar position and shape; 

 wings and tail blackish with yellowish green edgings; malar region, 

 chin, and throat dull greenish buffy; rest of under parts buffy yellow 

 (naples or maize), medially more yellowish, more olive-greenish 

 laterally. 



Young female. — Similar to the young male but still duller in color. 

 .Costa Rica (San J os6; Dota; Turrialba; Barranca; Candelaria Mts. ; 

 Naranjo; Orosi; Cartago; San Myiarchusrco, etc.), southward through Colom- 

 bia to Ecuador (Pun ta Playa, near Quito; Nanegal; Pasto; Napo; Bois 

 de Bagnos; Tongaragua, etc.). 



Calliste icterocephala Bonapakte, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 76 (Punta Playa, 

 near Quito, Ecuador). — Sclatek, Jardine's Contr. Om., 1851, 53, pi. 70, fig. 

 1; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 19, 251 (monogr.; Punta Playa, Ecuador); 

 1860, 87 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 77; Monogr. Cal- 

 liste, 1857, 37, pi. 17 (Quito, Ecuador); Oat. Am. Birds, 1862, 65 (Nanegal); 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 110 (Nanegal, Pasto, and Napo, Ecuador; 

 Frontino, Colombia; Volcan de Chiriqui; Santa F^, Calovevora, and Cor- 

 dillera de Tol6, Veragua; San Jos^, Dota, Turrialba, and Barranca, Costa 

 Rica) .— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Cordillera de Tol6 and 

 Santa F6, Veragua; crit.); 1870, 186 (Volcan de Chiriquf; Boquete de 

 Chitra, Cordillera del Chuca, and Calovevora, Veragua). — Lawrence, Ann. 



^ Seven specimens. 



^Four specimens from Costa Rica. 



Costa Rican and Ecuadorean males compare in average measurements as follows: 



I am not able to detect any color differences, and the determination of sex being 

 in some cases open to question, the apparent- difference in size may prove inconstant. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 39 



Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Dota, Turrialba, Barranca, and San Jos6, Costa 

 Rica).— Feantzihs, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 298 (Candelaria Mts., etc., Costa 

 Rica).— ScLATER and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 498 (Antioquia, 

 Colombia).— BouoAED, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Naranjo and Orosf,' 

 Costa Rica).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 269 

 (Vivalva, Calobre, etc., Veragua; etc.).— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Vac. Costa 

 Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartage, and Santa Myiarchusria de Dota).— 

 Cheeeib, Anal. Inst. Ffs.-Geogr. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 (San Myiarchusrco). 



[GalUstel icierocephala SchAtt:R and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19. 



Chrysoihmupis icterocephala Bonapaete, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Myiarchusrch, 1851, 

 129 (Bois de Bagnos, Xonguaragua, Ecuador), 445; Note sur les Tang ' 

 1851, 17. 



CallUpiza icterocepluda Salvadobi, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868 175 

 (Costa Rica). 



Callispiza (Chrysothraupis) frardzii Oabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., ix, Myiarchusrch, 1861, 87 

 (Costa Rica; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



Cailiste frardzii Sclatee, Ibis, 1863, 451 (Costa Rica); 1868, 72, in text (Costa 

 Rica; crit.). 



CALOSPIZA FLORIDA FLORIDA (Sclater and Salvin). 

 EHEKALD TANAeER. 



Adult male. — General color above pure yellowish green (nearly 

 apple green), the back and scapulars broadly streaked with black; 

 lower anterior portion of lores and a large quadrate oblique patch 

 across auricular region black; entire occiput pure lemon yellow; rump 

 plain bright greenish yellow, more decidedly yellow below; lesser 

 wing-coverts bright yellowish green with black (mostly concealed) 

 bases; rest of wings black, the middle coverts broadly tipped with 

 bright yellowish green, the greater coverts broadly and secondaries 

 more narrowly edged with the same; tail black with narrow green 

 edgings to middle rectrices; under parts plain light green (duller and 

 less yellowish than upper parts), the abdomen, anal region, and under 

 tail-coverts light maize or naples yellow; bill black; legs and feet (in 

 dried skin) horn color; length (skin), 130.8; wing, 68.1; tail, 43.7; 

 exposed culmen, 10.1; depth of bill at base, 4.8; tarsus, 16; middle 

 toe, 10.7.' 



Adult female. — Similar to the male, but rather duller in color and 

 without the yellow occipital patch. 



Costa Rica (Carrillos, on Rio Sucio). 



CaHisiej?onda Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 416, pi. 28 (Costa 

 Rica; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Costa Rica). — 

 ScLATEH, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 103, part (Costa Rica). — Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 267, part, pi. 17, fig. 1 (Costa 

 Rica). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Costa Rica). 



\_Calliste] florida Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 19. 



Calospiza florida florida Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr., 1901, 149, 

 in text. 



'One specimen, no. 108276, U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., from Rio Sucio (Carrillos), 1884; 

 M. Carranza. 




40 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CALLISTE FLORIDA ARCiEI Ridgway. 

 AROE'S EMERALD TANAGEK. 



Similar to C. f. florida, but smaller, with larger feet; adult male 

 without a distinct occipital patch of yellow (sometimes with none), and 

 feathers of pileum marked with a distinct central V-shaped spot of 

 black or black beneath the surface (partly exposed), and with the gen- 

 eral green color of upper parts slightly more yellowish; adult female 

 slightly duller and less yellowish green than the male, with pileum 

 and rump less yellowish. 



Adult male.— h&ngth. (skins), 101.6-104.1 (102.9); wing, 64.5-66.5 

 (65.5); tail, 40.1^1.1 (40.6); exposed culmen, 8.1-9.7(8.9); depth of 

 bill at base (one specimen), 5.1; tarsus, 17.3-17.5; middle toe, 10.9- 

 11.4(11.2).' 



Adult female.— L&ngth (skins), 104.6-106.7(105.7); wing, 61-63.5 

 (62.2); tail, 36.8-39.4 (38.1); exposed culmen, 9.7-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 

 17.3-17.6; middle toe, 11.2-12.4 (11.7).' 



Veragua. 



Callisle florida (not of Sclater and Salvin) Sclater, Ibis, 1876, 409 (Veragua); 



Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 103, part (Veragua).— Salvin and Godman, 



Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 267, part (Veragua). 

 Calospiza florida arcsA Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 149 



(Veragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



CALOSPIZA GUTTATA CHRYSOPHRYS (Sclater)?. 

 TELLOW-BROWEB TANACJER. 



Advlt male. — Upper parts bright yellowish green, becoming more 

 yellowish on forehead, superciliary, suborbital, and auricular regions, 

 and sides of neck, the anterior portion of forehead, supraloral I'egion, 

 and eyelids pure canary yellow; lores black; feathers of crown, occiput, 

 sides of head, back, and scapulars with central spots of black, these 

 large and very conspicuous on back and scapulars, the latter with 

 margins of bluish green or greenish blue; wings and tail black, the 

 smaller wing-coverts broadly margined with light bluish green (mala- 

 chite green), the greater coverts and remiges edged with the same, the 

 primary coverts with narrower and more bluish edgings; rectrices black 

 edged with yellowish green, the middle pair mostly green; malar 

 region, chin, throat, chest, and breast glaucous-white, each feather 

 (except on chin and throat) with a median elliptical spot of black, the 

 throat with small and inconspicuous streaks of the same; abdomen 

 white anteriorly, passing posteriorly into light yellow on anal region and 



' Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 41 



under tail-coverts, the latter with central wedge-shaped or sagittate spots 

 (mostly concealed) of dusky; flanks plain yellowish green, tinged with 

 yellow; maxilla blackish, mandible grayish or horn color with dusky 

 tip; legs and feet horn color or dusky in dried skins; length (skins), 

 119.4-142.2(130.8); wing, 6.8.6-70.6 (69.6); tail, 52.1; exposed culmen, 

 10.2-10.4; depthof bill at base, 6.1-5.3; tarsus, 18-18.5 (18.3); middle 

 toe, 11.4-12.2 (11. 7). 1 



Adult female if). — Similar to the adult male, as described above, but 

 duller in color; head much less yellowish (quite concolor, in fact, with 

 back, etc.), without pure yellow on forehead, supraloral region, or 

 eyelids; black spots on scapulars and interscapulars much less distinct; 

 length (skins), 107.2-116.6 (110.7); wing, 64.8-71.1 (68.8); tail, 45.7- 

 53.3 (60); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 (9.9); depth of bill at base, 4.8- 

 5.1 (5); tarsus, 17.8-18 (17.9); middle toe, 11.7-12.4 (12.2).' 



Iimnature(?) male. — Similar to the adult female, as described above, 

 but wing-coverts margined and edged with yellowish green, contrast- 

 ing strongly with the greenish blue edgings of remiges; feathers 

 of throat with large and distinct central spots of black; length (skin), 

 125.7; wing, 66.8; tail, 49.5; exposed culmen, 10.7; depth of bill at 

 base, 6.6; tarsus, 19.3; middle toe, 11.7.^ 



Having a very small and unsatisfactory series of this species for 

 examination, I am in doubt as to the proper name which the birds 

 from Costa Rica and the Isthmus of Panama should bear. The only 

 specimen I have been able to examine is from Dota, Costa Rica, and, 

 judging from the loose texture of the plumage, seems to be an imma- 

 ture, though full-grown, bird. It is marked as a male. If the birds of 

 this species are the same from Costa Rica to Venezuela, then it so hap- 

 pens that all the Colombian specimens which I have seen (three from 

 "Bogota") are females, for none of them have yellow about the head, 

 while all of those seen from Venezuela (only two in number, however), 

 are males, the head being bright yellowish green (much yellower than 

 the back), becoming pure canary yellow on the anterior portion of the 

 forehead and thence backward to and including the upper eyelid, the 

 lower eyelid also being pure yellow; the black spots on back and 

 scapulars being at the same time far larger, more sharply defined, and 

 deeper black. Four specimens from Trinidad agree in all these char- 

 acters with the two Venezuelan specimens, but have shorter wings and 

 are easily distinguished by the larger and relatively broader black 

 spots on the chest. I have not seen examples from British Guiana, 

 but these (the true G. guttata) are said by Salvin and Godman to be 

 distinguished by having the under parts "much less spotted, the spcte 



^ Two specimens from Venezuela. 



''Three specimens from "Bogota," Colombia. 



' One specimen from Dota, Costa Rica. 




42 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



being almost confined to the chest, the throat and abdomen being 

 plain." 



Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Angostura; Dota; Turrialba) and south- 

 ward through Colombia to Ecuador (Valle de Myiarchusndos), Venezuela 

 (Caracas; Puerto Cabello; San Cristobal) and Trinidad. 



Calliste chrysophrys Sclater, Jardine's Oontr. Orn., 1851, 24, 54, pi. 69, fig. 2 



(Venezuela; coll. P. L. Sclater) . 

 Calliste guttulata Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 76 (Myiarchusndos, n. w. 



Ecuador). — Sclater, Tanagr. Cat. Specif . , 1854, 11; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 



1855, 157 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 19, part (Venezuela; Trinidad.) 

 Ixothraupis guttulata Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Myiarchusr., 1851, 144; 



Note sur les Tang., 1851, 18. 

 Calliste guttata (not Callispiza guttata Cabanis) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 



1856, 249, part (monogr.; Venezuela; Trinidad; Bogota, Colombia; "Ecua- 

 dor);" Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 75; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 21, part, pi. 

 10 (Trididad; Caracas, Venezuela; Bogota, Colombia; valley of Myiarchusndos, 

 Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 64 (Venezuela; Trinidad; Anolaima, 

 Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit; Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 105, part (Puerto Cabello, Cara- 

 cas, and San Cristobal, Venezuela; Bogota, Colombia; s. slope Volcan de 

 Cbiriqui; Tucurriqui and Angostura, Costa Rica, etc.). — Taylor, Ibis, 

 1864, 82 (Trinidad) .—Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 

 627 (Venezuela); 1875, 237 (do.).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 

 98 (Angostur.a, Turrialba, and Dota, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Joum. fiir 

 Orn., 1869, 298 (Costa Rica).— Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 579 

 (Trinidad).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1870, 187 ( VolcandeChiriqui).— 

 Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 325 (Ocana, Colombia). — Salvin and Godman, Biol.Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1883, 267, part (Turrialba, etc., Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui; 

 Colombia; Ecuador; Venezuela; Trinidad) . — Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1884, 289 (Bucaramauga, Colombia). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 

 1887, 109 (Turrialba).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 29 (Trini- 

 dad). 



[Calliste'] guttata Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19, part (Vene- 

 zuela; Colombia; Ecuador; Costa Rica). 



C [allistel guttata Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (5) (crit.). 



{Calliste punctatal var. a. guttata Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, July, 

 1874 (7), part (Venezuela; Trinidad). 



CALOSPIZA CABANISI Sclater. 



CABANIS TANAGER. 



Adult {malef). — "Above greenish blue; wings and tail black, mar- 

 gined with blue; interscapulium green; cap black, margined with blue; 

 beneath pale greenish blue, middle of belly whitish; breast-feathers 

 spotted with black; bill black, at base plumbeous; feet black; whole 

 length, 144.8; wing, 86.4; tail, 58.4.' 



".ff«5.— Costa Cuca district of Guatemala. 



"The characters are taken from the unique specimen in the Myiarchusseum 

 of Berlin, which I examined in 1868." (Sclater.) 



' Original measurements given in inches and tenths. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 43 



The above very imperfect description may be supplemented by the 

 following, taken from the colored plate cited: 



Pileum with feathers black centrally, margined with light blue, 

 becoming light green on nape; interscapular region light green, the 

 feathers with black central spots (partly exposed); wings black, the 

 greater coverts and secondaries edged with blue, the lesser coverts 

 wholly blue (more greenish along posterior margin); beneath very pale 

 greenish, the feathers of lower throat and sides of chest (not the breast, 

 as in the description quoted) with large central spots of black; lores 

 black. 



Calliste e. Catlispiza sclateri (not Calliste sclateri Lafresnaye) Cabanis, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., xiv, Myiarchusy, 1866, 163 (Guatemala; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



Calliste cabanid Sclater, Ibis, 2d ser., iv, Jan., 1868, 71, pi. 3 (Costa Cuca, 

 w. Guatemala; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 123. — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 271. 



[Calliste] cabanisi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19. 



CALOSPIZA GYROLOIDES (Lafresnaye). 

 BLUE-RTJMPED GREElf TANAGER. 



Adult male.— H.ea.d, except throat, uniform bright reddish chestnut 

 or bay; general color of upper parts bright yellowish grass green, 

 separated from bay of head by a more or less distinct nuchal band or 

 half -collar of yellow; rump cerulean or turquoise blue, the feathers 

 green immediately beneath surface, gray basally; lesser wing-coverts 

 mostly yellow; under parts cerulean or turquoise blue (the feathers 

 green immediatelj^ beneath surface and gray at base), passing into yel- 

 lowish green on upper part and sides of throat, the sides and flanks 

 more or less tinged with green; under tail-coverts and posterior por- 

 tion of flanks clear yellowish green; thighs cinnamon; bill blackish 

 brown, becoming paler on basal portion of mandible; legs and feet 

 horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 121.9-141 (128.8); wing, 

 71.1-82.6 (77); tail, 47.5-54.6 (51.3); exposed culmen, 9.9-12.2 (10.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 4.8-6.1 (6.6); tarsus, 16.5-19.6 (17.8); middle toe, 

 11.4-12.7 (11.9).^ 



Adult female. — Similar in coloration to the adult male, but much 

 duller; head much duller chestnut, sometimes strongly olivaceous on 

 pileum, the color without the sharp definition of the male; blue of 

 rump more restricted, sometimes obsolete; lesser wing-coverts with 

 less yellow, sometimes merely tinged with yellow; blue of under parts 

 paler, more greenish (nile blue, more turquoise on breast); length 

 (skins), 121.9-139.7 (131.8); wing, 69.6-76.2 (73.2); tail, 47.8-50.8 



1 Fifteen specimens. 




44 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES KATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(48.8); exposed culmen, 9.7-10.9 (10.4); depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.8 

 (5.6); tarsus, 16.6-18.3 (17.8); middle toe, 11.7-12.7 (11.9).' 



Immature femalc—Entirelj green above, including head and neck, 

 the color duller than in the adult female; beneath pale green, broken 

 by more or less exposed buffy whitish, this forming a subterminal 

 spot or bar to each feather, the middle portion of feathers of chest 

 more grayish, with a darker grayish bar between the light gray and 

 the green tip; abdomen arid under tail-coverts yellowish white, tinged 

 with pale green. 



Immature male. — Similar to immature female, but green of head 

 interspersed with orange-chestnut feathers and abdomen largely pale 

 blue. 



Costa Rica (Guaitil; Turrialba; Barranca; Dota; Savanilla de Pirris; 

 Navarro; Cartago; San Myiarchusrcos; Sarche de Alajuela, etc.) and south- 

 ward through Colombia and Ecuador to Peru (Chyavetas; Cosnipata; 

 Rio Javarri; Myiarchuspoto), western Bolivia (Myiarchuspiri) and upper Amazons 

 (Ega; Myiarchusribatanas). 



AgUia gyrola (not Tanagra gyrola Linnaeus) Lapresnaye and D'Orbigny, Myiarchusg. 



de Zool., 1837 (Synopsis Avium, i, p. 32). 

 Tanagra gyrola (not of Linnaeus) D'Okbigny, Voy. Amer. M6rid., Ois., 1839, 272. 

 Callospiza gyrola Tschudi, Wiegmann's Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1844, 286 (Peru); 



Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1847, 202. 

 Aglaia peruviana (not Taiiagra peruviana Desmarest) Swainson, Anim. in 



Menag., 1838, 356 (Peru; coll. W. Hooker). 

 Clalliste] cyanoventris (not Tanagra cyanoventru Vieillot) Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 



1844, 366. 



' Nine specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 



Adult males from Ecuador and Colombia appear to have the yellow nuchal half- 

 collar much more distinct than those from Panama, Yeragua, and Costa Rica, wnile 

 those from eastern Ecuador are of rather a greener blue below than those from 

 Colombia and northward. It is possible the species may require subdivision, but a 

 much larger series of specimens will be necessary to determine the question. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 45 



Qyrola cyanoventris Bonapakte, Eev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Myiarchusr., 1851, 139; 



Note sur les Tang., 1851, 13. 

 Aglaia gyroloides Lafrbsnaye, Rev. Zool., x, Sept., 1847, 277, in text (Central 

 America). 



ClaUiste] gyroloides Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., p. 17. 



ICalliste} gyroloides Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 234. — Sclatbr and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19. 



CaUwte gyroloides Sclater, Jardine's Oontr. Orn., 1851, 67; Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1854, 115 (prov. Quijos, Ecuador); 1855, 158 (Bogota, Colombia); 

 1856, 142, 255 (monogr.); 1857, 264 (up. Amazon); 1858, 74 (Rio Napo, e. 

 Ecuador), 453 (Zamora, e. Ecuador); 1859, 139 (Pallatanga, e. Ecuador); 

 1860, 87 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador), 292 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); Synop. Av. 

 Tanagr., 1856, 81; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 57, pi. 26 (David, Chiriqui; 

 Bogota; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; wood region e. Peru; e. base Bolivian 

 Andes); Cat. Am. Birds; 1862,67 (Bogota; e.Peru); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss.,xi, 

 1886, 117 (GuiatilandTurrialba, Costa Rica; Santa F6, Calovevora, Veragua, 

 Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; Bogota, Remedios, and Con- 

 cordia, Colombia; San Jos6, Sarayacu, and Rio Napo, Ecuador; Ega, up. 

 Amazon; e. Peru). — Cassin, in Gilliss's Rep. U. S. Astr. Exp., ii, 1855, 182, 

 pi. 19, flg. 1 (Peru). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 332 (Panama 

 R. R.); ix, 1868, 98 (Barranca, Guiatil, and Dota, Costa Rica). — Sclatbr 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Panama R. R.); 1867, 749 

 Chyavetas, e. Peru); 1873, 185 (Cosnipata, e. Peru), 261 (Rio Javari and 

 Chyavetas, e. Peru); 1879, 499 (Antioquia, Colombia), 599 (Bolivia). — 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Savanilla de Pirris, etc., Costa 

 Rica). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Santa F6, Veragua; David, 

 Chiriqui); 1870, 186 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Boquete de 

 Chitra, Cordillera del Chucu, and Calovevora, Veragua). — Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 

 325 (bet. Bucaramanga and Rio Myiarchusgda'ena, Colombia). — Pelzeln, Orn. 

 Bras., 1871, 207 (Myiarchusribatanas, up. Amazon). — Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1874, 514 (centr. Peru); 1882, 11 (Huambo, Ecuador); Orn. du 

 P6rou, ii, 1885, 463.— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Navarro, 

 Costa Rica). — Bbrlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1883, 289 (Bucaramanga, Colom- 

 bia). — Bbrlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 545 

 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., Aves, i, 

 1883, 270. — Taczanowski and Bbrlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 78 

 (Myiarchuspoto, centr. Ecuador). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 

 109 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartage, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Sarchd de Alajuela, 

 and Los Anonas de San Jose, Costa Rica).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., 

 ii, 1889, 71 (Quito, Ecuador), 81 (Myiarchuspiri, Bolivia).— Cherrib, Anal. Inst. 

 Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 (Pozo Azul del Pital and San Myiarchusr- 

 cos, Costa Rica).— Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 

 no. 357, 1899, 15 (San Jos6 and Valle del Zamora, e. Ecuador; Gualea, w. 

 Ecuador; crit.). 



C[alliste'] gyroloides Ditbois, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (6), (crit.). 



[CaUiste gyrola] var. a. gyroloides Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, July, 

 1874 (8). 



Callispiza gyroloides Salvadori, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 174 (Costa 

 Rica). 



Chlospiza gyroloides Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Ibaque, centr. 

 Colombia). 




46 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CALOSPIZA LAVINIA (Cassin). 

 LAVINIA'S TANAOER. 



Ackilt male. — Head, except chin and throat, bright glossy orange- 

 maroon, or madder brown; rest of upper parts mainly bright glossy 

 yellowish grass green, or parrot green, the feathers of the hindneck 

 broadly tipped with saffron yellow, producing a more or less con- 

 spicuous half-collar; wings yellowish grass green,, the middle and 

 greater coverts tinged with rusty, the remiges (except tertials) edged 

 for basal half or more with orange-brown or rufous; under parts, 

 including throat, clear bright yellowish green, the abdomen turquoise 

 blue; chin turquoise blue, or tinged with that color, margined ante- 

 riorly with bi'ownish red; thighs russet; maxilla horn brown, man- 

 dible paler; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 120.7-135.9 (125); wing, 69.9-71.9 (70.6); tail, 45.2-47.2 (45.7); 

 exposed culmen, 9.7-10.7 (10.4); depth of bill at base, 5.6-6.6 (6.1); 

 tarsus, 17.3-18 (17.5); middle toe, 12.4^12.7.' 



Adult female. — Myiarchusch duller than adult male, and without the 

 brownish red head; above plain glossy yellowish grass green, some- 

 times tinged anteriorly with dull orange, especially on pileum; edges 

 of remiges more or less tinged with yellowish olive basally; under 

 parts light green, changing to light turquoise or nile blue on abdo- 

 men; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 114.3; wing, 

 65.8-66.8 (66.3); tail, 43.2-43.4; exposed culmen, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); 

 depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.3; tarsus, 16.5-17.8; middle toe, 1.04-12.7 

 (11.4).^ 



Nicaragua (Chontales) to Isthmus of Panama (Rio Truando, etc.). 



Calliste lavinia Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., x, 1858, 178 (Eio Truando, n. 

 Colombia; coll. Acad. Nat.' Sci. Phila.); 1860, 142, pi. 1, fig. 1 (do.).— 

 Sclater, Ibis, 1863, 451 (Isth. Panama); 1876, 409 (Chontales, Nicaragua; 

 Costa Rica; Veragua) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 116 (do.). — Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1872, 315 (Chontales; crit. ). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 

 1887, 109 (Costa Rica). 



ICalliste] lavinia ScjjAter and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr. ,'T.873, 19. 



Calliste lavinix Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 271. 



CALOSPIZA DOWII (Salvin). 

 DOW'S TANAGER. 



Adults (seiBes alike). — Head, neck, and chest black, the feathers of 

 the latter broadly margined with light green (becoming more ochra- 

 ceous posteriorly, especially on sides of chest), producing a conspicu- 

 ously scaled appearance; feathers in center of occiput tipped with 

 russet, forming a small spot; feathers of hindneck, sides of neck, and 

 auricular region tipped with light green (changing to pale bufiy), 

 these markings larger on hindneck; back and scapulars plain greenish 



^ Four specimens. ' Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 47 



black; rump bright opalescent green, changing to blue on upper tail- 

 coverts, all the feathers blackish beneath the surface- lesser wing- 

 coverts rich blue (varying from cobalt to light smalt); rest of wings 

 and tall black with blue edgings; under parts of body, and under tail- 

 coverts, plain light cinnamon or cinnamon-ocher, paler next to squa- 

 mately marked feathers of chest; maxilla black, mandible , blackish 

 terminally, horn color basally (in dried skins); legs and feet horn color 

 (in dried skins). 



Young [first plumage).— Re&d, neck, back, and scapulars dull black, 

 broken on sides of neck and on auricular region by pale greenish buffy 

 or buffy greenish tips to the feathers; lesser wing-coverts dull greenish 

 blue; rest of wings and tail dull blackish with greenish blue or bluish 

 green edgings; rump and upper tail-coverts dusky olive, the feathers 

 tipped with pale dull greenish; under parts of body and under tail- 

 coverts plain light cinnamon or cinnamon-ocher, paler on chest, where 

 spotted with dusky. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 137.2-144.8 (141); wing, 68.6-70.6 

 (69.6); tail (one specimen), 49; exposed culmen (one specimen), 9.1; 

 depth of bill at base, 6.6-5.8; tarsus, 19.8; middle toe, 12.2-12.4.' 



Adult female.— Length, (skins), 129.6-132.1 (131.3); wing, 68.6-70.1 

 (69.3); tail, 46.6-49.3(48); exposed culmen, 9.4; depth of bill "at base, 

 5.1-6.1 (6.6); tarsus, 18.8-19.6 (19.1); middle toe, 11.9-12.2 (12.1).^ 



Costa Rica (San Jose; Rancho Redondo; Turrialba; Navarro; Guad- 

 alupe; Cartago; Irazti; Quebrada Honda) and Veragua (Cordillera 

 del Chucu). 



Calliste dowii Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, 168 ("San Jos6," i. e., Rancho 

 Redondo de San Jos6, Costa Rica; coll. Salvin-Godman?) ; 1870, 187 (Cor- 

 dillera del Chucu, Veragua); Ann. and Myiarchusg. Nat. Hist., 3d ser., xiii, 

 1864, 104.— ScLATER, Ibis, 1863, 451, pi. 12 (San Jos6, Costa Rica).— La w- 

 EBNCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (San Jos6, Turrialba, and Navarro, 

 Costa Rica).— Feantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Guadalupe and San 

 Jos6, Costa Rica). — BonoAED, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Navarro, 

 Costa Rica).-^ZELEDON, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Cartago? 

 and Rancho Redondo de San Jos6) . 



[CaMyiarchusteJ dowii Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19. 



Calliste dowi Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 272 (Irazu, 

 etc., Costa Rica, etc.).— Sclater, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886; 124 (Que- 

 brada Honda, etc., Costa Rica, etc.). 



CALOSPIZA LARVATA LARVATA (Du Bus). 

 GOLDEN-MASKED TANAGEK. 



Adult male. — Anterior portion of forehead and malar region, chin, 

 lores, and eyelids black; posterior portion of forehead, suborbital 

 region, and most of malar and auricular regions campanula blue, with 

 a narrow posterior margin of light greenish blue (nile blue); crown, 



^ Two specimens. ^ Three specimens. 




48 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



occiput, hindneck, and sides of neck golden buff, .changing from deep 

 orange-buff to oil green, according to inclination of the light; throat 

 cinnamon-rufous, usually separated from black of chin by a narrow 

 line of pale bluish; back, scapulars, chest, and sides of, breast uniform 

 deep black; lesser wing-coverts rich campanula blue, the middle cov- 

 erts bright nile blue; rump glossy light blue (changing from nile blue 

 to turquoise); upper tail-coverts black, broadly margined with light 

 bluish green; wings (except lesser and middle coverts) black, the 

 greater coverts edged with light blue and greenish, the remiges and 

 rectrices with light yellowish green, more buffy on tertials; abdomen 

 and median portion of breast white; anal region and under tail-coverts 

 pale buffy, the latter with concealed central portion dusky; sides rich 

 campanula blue, passing into light greenish blue (turquoise or nile 

 blue) on flanks; bill black; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 116.8-132.1 (122.9); wing, 68.1-72.6 (71.1); tail, 45.7-50.8 

 (48.8); exposed culmen, 8.9-10.2 (9.7); depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.3 

 (5.1); tars'us, 16.3-18.5 (17.5); middle toe, 10.4r-12.7 (11.7).^ 



Adult female.—Y dry similar to the adult male and apparently not 

 always distinguishable, but usually slightly duller in coloration; length 

 (skins), 116.8-132.1 (123.2); wing, 65.5-69.9 (67.8); tail, 45.2-49.5 

 (47.2); exposed culmen, 10.2; depth of bill at base, 5.1-6.6 (5.3); tar- 

 sus, 17-17.8 (17.3); middle toe, 10.4-11.4 (10.9).' 



Young^ first plumage. — Head and neck (except chin and throat) dull 

 light green (chromium green), each feather with a small central spot 

 of dusky; loi-es, eyelids, anterior portion of malar region, and chin 

 dusky; throat, median line of chest (narrowly), median portion of 

 breast, and abdomen dull whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish; a 

 patch on each side of chest and breast greenish dusky; sides dull gray- 

 ish, becoming more buffy on flanks; anal region and under tail-coverts 

 pale buffy; back dull dusky greenish, with a blackish patch on each 

 side; lower back and rump dull greenish; lesser wing-coverts dull, 

 light greenish blue; middle coverts dusky basally, dull light bluish 

 green terminally; rest of wings and tail dusky, with yellowish green 

 edgings. 



* Three specimens, all from southern Mexico. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 49 



Southern Mexico, in States of Chiapas (Ocuilapa; Palenque) and 

 Tabasco (Teapa), to northern Honduras (Rio Blanca; RioChamelecon; 

 San Pedro). 



(MmU larvata Du Bus, Esquiss. Orn., 1845 (?), pi. 9 (Tabasco, s. e. Mexico).— 

 Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 236.— Sclatbe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1856, 

 19, 260; (monogr.; Tabasco; Rio Chamelecon, Honduras); Synop. Av. 

 Tanagr., 1856, 86; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 81, pi. 36; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 70 (Choctum, Guatemala) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. , xl, 1886, 124, part.— Sclatbr 

 and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 16 (Rio Chamelecon); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 

 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 467 (Yzabal, Guatemala).— 

 Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 33 (Yzabal, Guatemala).— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, i, 1883, 274, part (Tabasco, s. Mexico; Belize, 

 Brit. Honduras; Yzabal, Choctum, and Chisec, Guatemala; Rio Chamelecon 

 and San Pedro, Honduras). 



[Calliste larvata] Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19, part (s. Mexico; 

 Guatemala; Honduras). 



C[allisie\ larvata Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, App., 1849, 17.— Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. 

 Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (8), (s. Mexico). 



Tatao larvatus Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Myiarchusrch, 1851, 42; Note sur 

 les Tang., 1851, 16. 



Calliste larvata typica Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 125, in text. 



[Calliste larvata] a. subap. typica Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 125, in 

 list of specimens (localities in Guatemala, Brit. Honduras, and Honduras). 



[Calliste larvata] var. fanny (not Aglaia fanny Lafresnaye) Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. 

 Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (8), part (Guatemala). 



(7) Calliste lavinise (not C. lavinia Cassin) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 1896-97 

 (1899), 228 (Santo Tomas, Guatemala). 



GALOSPIZA LARVATA FANNY (Lafresnaye). 

 MRS. WILSON'S TANAGEB. 



Similar to C. I. larvata, but averaging slightly smaller, colors of 

 head and sides paler, and greenish edgings to remiges, rectrices, and 

 greater wing-coverts less distinct, sometimes altogether wanting on 

 tail and greater wing-coverts; general color of head lighter golden 

 buffy with more pronounced greenish and less pronounced reddish 

 hue in opposite positions to the light, and not conspicuously darker on 

 throat; blue of forehead and cheeks paler; that of sides and flanks 

 also paler, with very little purplish blue anteriorly (sometimes none) ; 

 blue of rump and smaller wing-coverts also paler. 



Yowig, first 'plumage. — Head and neck light bluish green (mala- 

 chite), the feathers dusky grayish basally, producing a minutely mot- 

 tled appearance; back and scapulars dusky grayish green, becoming 

 nearly black on outermost scapulars; rump light bluish green (mala- 

 chite); under parts dull whitish, becoming grayish laterally, the throat 

 and chest freckled with grayish; anal region and under tail-coverts 

 pale brownish buffy; wings and tail as in adults, but lesser and mid- 

 dle wing-coverts light grayish green instead of blue. 



3654— VOL 2—01 4 




50 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



AchiU mfflZe.— Length (skins), 105.4-130.8 (118.1); wing, 66.8-71.4 

 (69.6); tail, 45.5-50.3 (47.5); exposed culmen, 9.1-10.4 (9.7); depth of 

 bill at base, 4.8-5.8 (5.1); tarsus, 16.3-17.8 (17.3); middle toe, 11.2- 

 12.2 (11.7).' 



Adult fem,ale.—'hengt\i (skins), 113-123.2 (117.3); wing, 64.3-70.4 

 (66.3); tail, 43.9-46.7 (45.2); exposed culmen, 8.4-10.2 (9.7); depth 

 of biU at base, 4.6-5.3 (5.1); tarsus, 15.7-16.8 (16.5); middle toe, 

 10.4-11.7 (10.9).' 



Southern Honduras (Rio Segovia) to northern Colombia (province 

 of Antioquia). 



Aglaia fanny Lapeesnaye, Rev. Zool., x, Myiarchusr., 1847, 72 (Colombia; coll. 

 Lafresnaye). 



C{ciUiste\ fanny Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, App., 1849, 17. — Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. 

 Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (7), part (crit.). 



\_Calliste\ fanny Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 236. — Dbs Myiarchusrs, Icon. Orn., 

 1876, pi. 56, fig. 1. 



\_Calliate larvata'] var. fanny Dubois, Bull Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, July, 1874, 8, 

 part (Colombia). 



Calliste larvata var. fanny Boucard, Cat. Avium, 1876, 242, no. 7560 (Veragua). 



Calospiza larvata fanny Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 30 

 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.) . 



Calliste frandscx Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 142, 261 (David, Chiri- 

 qui) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 87;Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 83 (Ohiriqui); Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 359 (Panama).— Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 

 142 (Turbo, n. Colombia) .—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 298, 332 

 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ); ix, 1868, 98 (Angostura, San Jos^, and Turri- 

 alba, Costa Rica). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 

 (Lion Hill).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Cordillera deToW 

 and Santa F6, Veragua; David, Chiriqui) ; 1870, 187 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; 

 Myiarchusna de Chorcha, Chitra, Laguna del Castillo, and Calovevora, Veragua) .— 

 Frantzids, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Costa Rica). 



' Twelve specimens. 



" Eigbt specimens. Specimens from different areas average as follows: 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMEBIC A. 51 



Callisie francescse Lawrencb, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 176 (David, Chiriqui), 

 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua) . 



Calliste larvata francescse Sclater, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 125, in text. 



[Calliste larvata^ b. subsp. /ranc«sca; Sclateb, Cat. Birds. Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 125, in list of specimens (Chontales, Nicaragua; Turrialba and Angostura, 

 Costa Rica; Cordillera de ToM, Calovevora, Myiarchusna de Chorcha, Santa F6, and 

 Castillo, Veragua; Panama and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Bemedios, 

 prov. Antioquia, Colombia). 



Ccdlispiza frandscx Salvadoki, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 175 (Costa 

 Rica). 



Calliste larvata (not of Du Bus) Sclatek, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 64 (Chi- 

 riqui; Veragua).— Cassin, in Rep. U. S. Astr. Exp. (Gilliss), ii, 1855, 182, 

 part, pi. 18, flg. 2 (Central America; Colombia).— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 316 

 (Chontales, Nicaragua).- Boucaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Na- 

 ranjo, Orosi, and San Carlos, Costa Rica).— Sclatek and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 499 (Antioquia, Colombia).— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 274, part (Nicaraguan, Costa Rican, and 

 Colombian localities and references).— Sclateb, Cat. Birds Brit.Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 124, part.— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Naranjo 

 de Cartago, Jimenez, Trojas de Puntarenas, and Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa 

 Rica).— RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 585 (Segovia R., Hon- 

 duras). — Richmond, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 488 (Rio Escondido, 

 Nicaragua). 



CALOSPIZA INORNATA (Gould). 



FL&IIf-COLORES TANAOER, 



Adult male. — Above plain slate-gray, paler and more bluish on rump 

 and upper tail-coverts; lesser wing-coverts bright cerulean or tur- 

 quoise blue, more purplish blue on lower portion and along posterior 

 margin; rest of wings and tail dull black or duskj?^, with slate-gray 

 edgings; sides of head and neck like pileum, etc. ; lores, apex of malar 

 region, and anterior margin of chin blackish; lower chin, throat, chest, 

 sides, and ilanks dull light gray, the first inclining to white; median 

 portion of breast and abdomen white, the lower portion of the latter 

 tinged with buffy; under tail-coverts dull white or pale buffy, the 

 longer feathers with concealed portion mostly grayish; maxilla black; 

 mandible grayish with dusky tip; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); 

 length (skins), 109.2-130.8 (119.4); wing, 66.5-68.1 (67.3); tail, 45.2- 

 48.3 (46.5); exposed culmen, 8.4-9.4 (8.9); depth of bill at base, 5.1- 

 5.6; tarsus, 16-17.3 (16.8); middle toe, 11.7-11.9 (11.8).^ 



Admit female. — Similar to the male and not always distinguishable, 

 but usually (?) very slightly duller in color; length (skins), 114.3- 

 119.4(116.8); wing, 63-64 (63.5); tail, 41.7-43.2 (42.4); exposed cul- 

 men, 8.9; depth of bill at base, 5.6; tarsus, 16-16.8 (16.3); middle toe, 

 11.9-14 (13).= 



1 Five specimens. ^ Two specimens. 




52 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Veragua to central Colombia (Bogota; Remedios; Nichi; Bucara- 

 manga, etc.). 



Calliste inomata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 185.5, 158 (Bogota, Colombia; 

 coll. J. Gould). — ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 258 (monogr.); 

 Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 84; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 103, pi. 45; Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 359 (Panama); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 121 (Veragua; 

 Panama, Lion Hill, and Paraiso Station, Panama R. E. ; Bogota, Remedios, 

 Nichi, and Antioquia, Colombia). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 

 142 (Turbo, n. Colombia). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 298 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama K. R.). — Sclatbr and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 350 (Lion Hill) ; 1879, 499 (Antioquia).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1883, 273. — Berlepsch,^ Joum. fiir Orn., 1884, 291 (Bucara- 

 manga, Colombia). 



[Calliste] -inornata Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19. 



Calliste omata [lapsu] Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vi, 1861, 332 (Panama R. R.; 

 crit. ) . 



Calospiza inornata Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 30 

 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). 



CALOSPIZA CUCULLATA (Swainson). 

 HOODED TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Pileum uniform very dark chestnut or rich seal brown; 

 loral, suborbital, and auricular regions dusky, the feathers sometimes 

 indistinctly tipped with dull grayish blue; hindneck, sides of neck, back, 

 scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain buffy, with golden gloss, 

 or grayish green, according to position with reference to the light; 

 wing- coverts grayish green (nearly french green), the lesser coverts 

 somewhat more bluish (terre-verte green); remiges and rectrices black 

 edged with green (broadly on secondaries and rectrices, the outer webs 

 of tertials almost wholly green) ; chin and upper throat light greenish 

 buffy, the bases of feathers dusky; lower throat and chest grayish 

 blue changing to silvery buff, the color becoming gradually more cin- 

 namomeous posteriorly, the under tail-coverts being wholly light 

 cinnamon; maxilla blackish, mandible horn brownish (in dried skins) 

 with blackish tips; legs and feet- dusky horn color (in dried skins); 

 length (skins), 128.3-141 (134.6); wing, 73.2-73.9 (73.4); taU, 52.6- 

 52.8; exposed culmen, 11.7-12.2 (11.9); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.4 

 (7.1); tarsus, 19.6-20.6 (20.1); middle toe, 13.2.^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but pileum lighter, inclin- 

 ing more to chestnut (sometimes bright chestnut) ; back, scapulars, 

 etc., much greener (bright grayish green, lighter and sometimes 

 slightly more buffy on lower rump; under parts dull greenish, with 

 little if any of the blue and violet sheen of the adult male; length 

 (skins), 123.2-143.5 (137.2); wing, 70.6-75.2 (73.2); tail, 51.8-52.8 

 (52.6); exposed culmen, 11.7-11.9 (11.9); depth of bill at base, 6.6-7.1 



(6.9); tarsus, ,18. 8-20.1 (19.6); middle toe, 12.2-13.5 (13)." 

 ' » ■ — - 



' Two specimens, both from island of Grenada. 



^ Six specimens, all from the island of Grenada. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMEBIC A. 53 



Venezuela' (Angostura); island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles. 



Alglaia'] cucullata Swainson, Orn. Drawings, 1841, pi. 7. 



C[alliste'] cucullata Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 366. 



ICalKste'] cucullata Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 234.— Sclater and Salvin, 



Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 19. 

 Calliste cucullata Bonaparte, Eev. efMyiarchusg. de ZooL, iii, 1851, 140; Note sur les 

 Tang., 1851, 14.— Sclater, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 63 (" Brazil ") ; Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 19, 253 (monogr.); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 79; 

 Monograph Calliste, 1857, 45, pi. 20 (Angostura, Venezuela); Ibis, 1876, 

 410; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886 113, part (Venezuela).— Bormeistbr, 

 Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 183 ("Brazil").— Cory, Cat. Birds W. I., 

 1892, 114, 151 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles). 



Calliste versicolor (not of Lawrence, 1878) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 

 1879, 269 (Grenada); ix, 1886, 613 (Grenada; habits; descr. nest and eggs).— 

 Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 113, part (Grenada; Venezuela). 



[Calliste'] versicolor Cory, List Birds W. I., revised ed., 1886, 11, part. 



CALOSPIZA VERSICOLOR (Lawrence). 

 ST. VUfCENT TANAGER. 



Similar to C. cucullata, but larger and lighter colored, the pileum 

 clear light chestnut or chestnut-tawny instead of very dark chestnut 

 or seal brown. 



Adult male. — Pileum clear, bright, light chestnut or tawny-chestnut; 

 loral, suborbital, and auricular regions dusky, the last with feathers 

 tipped with dull green or grayish green; hindneck, back, scapulars, 

 and rump opalescent, changing from light silvery green to golden buff 

 or even pinkish, according to direction of the light; upper tail-coverts 

 dull grayish green; lesser and middle wing -coverts dull grayish bluish 

 green; outer webs of greater coverts similar but more decidedly green; 

 remiges and rectrices black broadly edged with dull green or grayish 

 green, the outer webs of tertials and the middle rectrices almost wholly 

 of this color; chin and upper throat pale greenish grayish, the feathers 

 darker basally, producing an indistinctly freckled appearance; rest of 

 under parts opalescent, changing from blue to lilac and golden accord- 

 ing to direction of the light; under tail-coverts cinnamon, and more or 

 less of this color showing on under parts of the body where plumage 

 is disarranged; maxilla brownish black, mandible horn color (in dried 

 skins); iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); 

 length (skins), 144.8-157.6 (149.4); wing, Y6. 7-78.7 (77.5); tail, 54.4- 

 55.9 (55.1); exposed culmen, 12.4-13.2 (12.7); depth of bill at base 

 (one specimen), 6.9; tarsus, 20.8-21.3 (21.1); middle toe, 14-14.7 (14.5).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but pileum lighter, more 

 tawny; hindneck, back, scapulars, and rump dull opalescent green, 

 changing to bright yellowish green and golden buffy; under parts 



'I have not seen specimens from Venezuela; they may, or may not, be identical 

 with Grenada examples. 

 'Four specimens. 




54 BULLETIN 50, tINlTEB STATES IJATIONAL MUSEUM. 



mainly dull light green, without the blue, lilac, or strongly golden 

 changeable hues of the adult male; edgings to wings and tail more 

 yellowish green ; length (skins), 149. 9-160 (154. 2) ; wing, 75. 7-77. 7 (76. 5) ; 

 tail, 53.6-54.6 (54.1); exposed culmen, 11.7-12.4 (12.2); depth of bill 

 at base (two specimens), 7.6; tarsus, 20.8-21.16 (21.3); middle toe, 14.2- 

 15.2 (14.7).' 



Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. 



Callisle versicolor Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, June, 1878, 153 (St. Vin- 

 cent, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 190, 

 487 (St. Vincent).— OoRY, Birds W. I., 1889, 82 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 16, 114, 134, 151.— Sclatkr, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 113, part 

 (St. Vincent). 



[Calliste'] versicolor Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11 (St. Vincent). 



Calliste cucullata (not Aglaia cucullata Swainson) Sclater and Salvin, Ibia, 1878, 

 357 (crit.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 195 (St. Vincent); v, 1888, 157. 



ICalliste'] cucullata Cory, List Birds W. L, revised ed., 1886, 11 (St. Vincent). 



Genus TANAGRA Linnaeus. 



Tanagra Linn.,eus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 313. (Type, by elimination, T. 



episcopus Linnaeus or T. sayaca Linnaeus.) 

 Thraupis BoiE, Isis, 1826, 947. (Type, Tanagra archepiscopus Desmarest, = T. 



omata Sparrmann. ) 



Medium-sized Tanagers with exposed culmen decidedly shorter than 

 middle toe without claw, tarsus not more than one-third as long as 

 tail, maxillary tomium nearly straight, and with the head unicolored. 



Bill varying from slenderly conoid {T. ornata) to turgid conoid {T. 

 ionariensis), but usually intermediate between these extremes; exposed 

 culmen more than half as long as tarsus, nearly straight for basal half 

 or more, more or less strongly convex terminally, the tip slightly 

 uncinate; gonys a little shorter than length of maxilla from nostril, 

 slightly convex or nearly sti'aight, more or less ascending terminally; 

 maxillary tomium nearly straight, distinctly notched subterminally; 

 mandibular tomium slightly convex or nearly straight; width of bill at 

 base equal to or exceeding its basal depth. Nostril exposed, small, 

 nearly circular or horizontally oval, with narrow anterior and superior 

 membrane. Rictal bristles inconspicuous. Wing rather long (a little 

 more than four to about four and three-fourths times as long as tar- 

 sus), rather pointed (ninth to sixth primaries longest, ninth longer 

 than fourth, sometimes longer than sixth); primaries exceeding sec- 

 ondaries usually by more than length of tarsus (by less in T. darwmi). 

 Tail shorter than wing by about or more than length of tarsus, even 

 or slightly emarginate, the rectrices of medium width, with rounded 

 tips. Tarsus equal to or slightly longer than middle toe with claw; 



^ Three specimena. 




BIRDS 01' NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 55 



lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw: hind claw 

 decidedly shorter than its digit. Plumage silky, blended. 

 • Coloration.— {1) Plain bluish gray, with blue or greenish wings and 

 tail; (2) purplish olive or grayish, with light-colored wing-coverts and 

 black remiges; (3) with bluish head and greenish-yellow lesser wing- 

 coverts, or (4) with blue head and yellow or orange rump and under 

 parts. 



J?ffl«,^«.— Continental tropical America, from southern Mexico to 

 Argentina and Peru. 



Notwithstanding the great difference in the form of the bill between 

 T. ornata and T. honariensis., other species are so variously intermedi- 

 ate in this respect that, taking into consideration also the fact that 

 other considerable differences between the various species (both as to 

 structure and style of coloration) are not correlated with one another, 

 I am unwilling to subdivide the genus as here defined. I must, how- 

 ever, expunge the Aglaia cyanocephala D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye, 

 usually placed in Tanagra, on account of its narrow nostrils with 

 broad superior operculum, broad and depressed bill, shorter and more 

 rounded wing, and longer tarsus.^ 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TANAGRA. 



a. Wings and tail blue, blue-green, or green; under parts pale gray, grayish blue, or 

 grayish green. (Southern Mexico to Venezuela, and northern Peru.) 



Tanagra cana (p. 55) 

 oa. "Wings and tail blackish, at least in part; under parts olive (sometimes glossed 

 with purplish blue). 

 h. Lores pale gray; bases of remiges light olive; adults without blue on head or 

 neck. (Costa Rica to Amazon Valley. ) 



Tanagra palmamm melanoptera (p. 58) 

 hb. Lores black; bases of remiges yellow; adults with head and neck blue. (South- 

 ern Mexico to southern Honduras. ) Tanagra abbas (p. 60) 



TANAGRA CANA Swainson. 

 BLUE TAITAGER. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and under parts plain pale grayish blue, 

 sometimes faintly tinged with greenish; back and scapulars darker 

 grayish blue, usually more or less strongly tinged with glaucous-green, 

 the rump and upper tail-coverts similar but brighter; lesser and 

 middle wing-coverts bright campanula blue; rest of wings greenish 

 blue (intermediate between glaucous-blue and turquoise), the tertials 



^This I have made the type of a new genus, for which I inadvertently used (Auk, 

 XV, July, 1898, p. 226) Cabanis's name HemUhraupis, afterwards (Auk, xv, Oct., 

 1898, pp. 330, 331) correcting the error and renaming the genus Sporaihraupis, but 

 unfortunately committing another in giving a false derivation (at secondhand) for 

 the name. 




56 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



more greenish and the terminal portion of primaries blackish; tail 

 greenish blue, like wings, with black shafts; maxilla black, mandible 

 more grayish (bluish gray or grayish blue in life?); legs and feet black- 

 ish or blackish gray (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 146.1-161.3 

 (163.7); wing, 83.6-91.9 (89.4); tail, 59.2-67.1 (65); exposed culmen, 

 11.7-13 (12.4); depth of bill at base, 6.6-8.1 (7.1); tarsus, 19.1-20.3 

 (19.8); middle toe, 14.2-16.5 (14. 7).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to adult male and not always distinguishable, 

 but usually duller in color, more decidedly greenish, with lesser wing- 

 coverts less purplish blue (cerulean or light cobalt instead of cam- 

 panula); length (skins), 142.2-165.1 (162.1); wing, 82.3-88.1(83.8); tail, 

 58.2-63.8 (61.5); exposed culmen, 11.2-13.2 (12.4); depth of bill at 

 base, 6.6-7.6 (6.9); tarsus, 18.8-20.8 (19.8); middle toe, 13.2-16 (14.7).' 



ImmatMyiarchuse. — Similar to adults, but colors much duller; upper parts 

 (except wings and tail) gi*eenish gray, brighter ot more decidedly 

 greenish posteriorly ; wings and tail bluish green, or glaucous-green, 

 the lesser wing-coverts cerulean blue; under parts pale grayish green, 

 tinged with yellowish. 



Young (first plumage). — Plain greenish gray, paler beneath; wings 

 and tail dull green (bice green or chromium green), the edges of pri- 

 maries more bluish; lesser wing-coverts greenish gray or grayish 

 green. 



Southern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Orizaba; Cordova), 

 and southward through Central America to Venezuela, western Ecua- 

 dor, and northern Peru. 



T \anagra\ cana Swainson, Ornith. Drawings [Birds of Brazil], part iii, 1834, 

 pi. 37. (Locality not given.) 



^ Twelve specimens. 



'' Twelve specimens. Specimens froiii different localities average as follows: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



One adult male from Mexico (State of Vera Cruz) 



Two adult males from Honduras 



One adult male from Nicaragua 



Three adult males from Costa Rica 



One adult male from Panama 



Four adult males from Colombia 



FEMALES. 



Three adult females from Mexico 



Two adult females from Honduras 



One adult female from Nicaragua 



Two adult females from Costa Rica 



One adult female from Panama 



Three adult females from Colombia 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 57 



Tamf/m cana ScLATEE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 157 (Bogota, Colombia); 

 1856, 232, part (Venezuela?; Bogota); 1859, 139 (Pallatanga, w. Ecuador); 

 1860, 274 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador), 292 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); Synop. 

 Av. Tanagr., 1856, 58; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 75, part (Venezuela?; Santa 

 Myiarchusrta and Bogota, Colombia; Pallatanga and Babahoyo, w. Ecuador) ; Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 156, part (s. Mexico to Venezuela and n. Peru).— 

 Gassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860, 141 (Turbo, Colombia).— Laavrence, 

 Am. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Isthmus Panama) ; ix, 1869, 2.36 (Puna I., 

 Guayaquil, w. Ecuador).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 325 (Colombia, up to 8,000 

 ft.).— BoucAKD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (San Jos6, Costa Rica).— 

 ScLATEH and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 500 (Antioquia, Colom- 

 bia).— Salvin and Goodman, Ibis, 1880, 120 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia); Biol. 

 Oentr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 277. — Beelepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1883, 545 (Ohimbo and Guayaquil, ^\^. Ecuador); 1884, 290 (Cayan- 

 deled, w. Ecuador). — Beelepsch, Journ. fiir Cm., 1884, 291 (Bucaramanga, 

 Colombia). — Taczanowski, Orn. du P6rou, ii, 1884, 486. — Taczanowski and 

 Beelepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Yaguachi, w. Ecuador). — 

 RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 580, 585 (Truxillo and Segovia R., 

 Honduras). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Alajuela, 

 San Jos6, Cartage, and Santa Myiarchusria de Dota, Costa Rica). — Cheeeie, Auk, 

 ix, 1892, 25 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 

 1893, 488- (Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; food). — Robinson, 

 Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 161 (Barranquilla to Honda and Guaduas, 

 Colombia). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 141 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia). — Salvadoei and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, no. 

 357, 1899, 17 (Vinces and Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador). — Allen, 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N, H., xiii, 1900, 169 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia). 



[Tanagra] cana Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. 



(?) Th [raupis] cana Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 29 (Venezuela). 



(?) T {anagral ccelestis (not of Spix) Swainson, Ornith. Drawings, 1841, pi. 41 

 (= young). 



Tanagra swainsoni Geay, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364. 



Tanagra episcopus (not of Linnaeus) Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 

 116 (Guatemala; descr.). — (?) Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. Gui- 

 ana, iii, 1848, 670; 



Tanagra sayaca (not of Linnaeus) Bonapaete, Rev. Zool., 1851, 170; Note sur 

 lesTang., 1851, 21. 



Tanagra eyanoptera (not Saltator cyanopterus Vieillot) Taczanowski, Proo. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1877, 320 (n. Peru). 



Tanagra (Aglaia) diaconus Lesson, Rev. Zool., v, June, 1842, 175 (Realejo, 

 Nicaragua) . 



C[alliste] diaconus Gkay, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 366. 



Tanagra diaconus Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 142 (David, Ohiriqui), 

 233 (Cordova, Vera Cruz; Guatemala; Realejo, Nicaragua; Ohiriqui; Santa 

 Myiarchusrta, Colombia; monogr.); 1859, 59 (Omoa, Honduras; BeUze, British 

 Honduras; Peten, Guatemala), 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 1864, 173 (City of 

 Mexico); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 59; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 75 (Colom- 

 bia; Honduras; Mexico); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 156.— Sclatee and 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 16 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Isth. 

 Panama); 1870, 836 (Honduras).— Salvin and Sclatee, Ibis, 1860, 33 

 (Duenas, Guatemala).— Tayloe, Ibis, 1860, 111 (Honduras).— Cassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (San Jose, Costa Rica).— Lawebnce, Ann. 




58 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Lyo. N. Y., viii, 1865, 176 (David, Chiriqui), 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua); 

 ix, 1868, 99 (San Jos6 and Angostura, Oosta Rica) . — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1867, 138 (Santa F6, Veragua; David, Chiriqui); 1870, 187; Ibis, 1872, 

 316 (Chontales, Nicaragua). — Sumichkast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 

 550 (hot region, Vera Cruz, up to 3, 350 ft. ) . — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1869, 298 (Costa Rica.) 



Tanagra cana diaconus Ridgway and Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, Sept. 5, 

 1882, 391 (La Palma, Costa Rica; habits).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 V, 1883, 499 (San Jos6, Costa Rica); vi, 1883, 399 (Los Siibalos, Nica- 

 ragua). — Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 30 (Loma del Leon, 

 Panama R. R. ); Auk, xviii, 1901, 32 (San Myiarchusguel I., Bay of Panama). 



Tanagra diacomus [typographical error] Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 

 303 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). 



Thraupis diaconus Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 330 (Costa Rica). 



TANAGRA PALMARUM MELANOPTERA (Sclater). 

 BLACE-'WXN6ED TANAGER, 



Adult male. — General color plain glossy olive, glossed with purplish 

 blue, darker on back and scapulars, and passing into light olive- 

 greenish on forehead and crown, the auricular region also inclining to 

 the same color; abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts tinged 

 with yellowish olive; lores, chin, and anterior portion of malar region 

 pale gray; lesser wing-coverts dull grayish purplish blue, passing 

 into yellowish olive on middle and greater coverts; primary coverts 

 dull blackish or dusky, edged with greenish olive; remiges brownish 

 black or sooty, faintly edged (especially on primaries) with olive, the 

 basal portion abruptly and more or less extensively light greenish 

 olive or yellowish olive in strong contrast; tail brownish black or 

 sooty, with greenish olive edgings; bill blackish; legs and feet dusky 

 (in dried skins); length (skins), 157.5-175.3 (166.6); wing, 89.9-99.3 

 (95.5); tail, 68.8-78.2 (72.4); exposed culmen, 12.7-14.5 (13.2); depth 

 of bill at base, 6.1-7.1 (6.6); tarsus, 20.1-21.8 (20.8); middle toe, 15- 

 17.5 (16.8).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male and not always distinguish- 

 able, but usually with less of the purplish blue or violet gloss, the 

 back lighter olive, the yellowish olive of forehead and crown less dis- 

 tinct, and the remiges more distinctly edged with olive; length (skins), 

 157.5-175.3 (166.9); wing, 90.9-96.5 (93.7); tail, 63.8-72.9 (69.3); 



' Six specimens. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



59 



exposed culmen, 13-13.2 (13); depth of bill at base, 6.1-7.1 (6.6), 

 tarsus, 19.8-22.1 (21.1); middle toe, 14.7-17.5 (16.5).^ 



You^igf {i7i first plumage). — Plain, rather light, olive, slightly paler, 

 and decidedly tinged with yellow on under parts; remiges, primary 

 coverts, and tail brownish black or sooty, the former indistinctly light 

 olive basally. 



The series of specimens examined is much too imperfect to enable me 

 to define very accurately the geographic range of this form. Indeed, 

 lam doubtful whether the bird from Colombia and Costa Rica is really 

 the true T. palmarum melanoptera, the type locality of which is eastern 

 Peru. The National Myiarchusseum possesses two specimens from that coun- 

 try (headwaters of the Rio Huallaga). These have the wing and tail 

 decidedly longer than any specimen seen from other localities. In 

 coloration they agree closely with some specimens from the Lower 

 Amazon (Diamantina), both having the back darker and the general 

 violet gloss stronger than in any examples from Colombia and Costa 

 Rica with which I have been able to compare them. 



One perplexing circumstance is the occurrence in the same locality 

 i« the Lower Amazon district of specimens representing, as to colora- 

 tion at least, both the typical T. p. palma/rum and T. p. mdanoptera. 



Eastern Nicaragua (Grey town) and Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Naranjo; 

 San Jos6, Santa Rosa; Angostura; Turrialba) southward through 

 Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, etc. , to eastern Peru, Bolivia, Amazon 

 Valley, and Trinidad. 



Tanagra olivascens (not of Lichtenstein, 1823) D'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. M^rid., 

 Ois., 1839, 274.— TscHUDi, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1847, 204.— (?) Leotaud, 

 Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 295. 



^ Eleven specimens. 

 ■ Specimens from different localities average as follows: 




60 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Tanagra palmarum (not of Myiarchusximilian) Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 

 177 (Bogota, Colombia) ; 1856, 234, part (Bolivia); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 

 60, part (do.) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 76, part (do.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 159, part— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama E. E.). — Sclatek and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 185 

 ' (a. Peru), 262 (upper and lower Ucayali, etc., e. Peru; habits); 1879, 500 

 (Antioquia, Colombia), 600 (Bolivia). — Boucaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1878, 55 (Naranjo and San Jos6, Costa Eica). — Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 

 1880, 120 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia) ; Biol. Centr.-Am., Avea, i, 1883, 279, part 

 (mostly). — Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 13 (n. e. Peru). — 

 EiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, 1884, 173 (Trinidad). — Zeledon, Anal. 

 Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 109 (Naranjo de Cartago). — Eichmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 488 (Greytown, Nicaragua). 



[Tanagra] palmarum Scl,4.tee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21, part. 



Thraupis palmarum Ym&ctL, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 580 (Trinidad). 



Tanagra melanoptera Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 235 (e. Peru; Bogota, 

 Colombia; ex Hartlaub, manuscript); 1858, 74 (Eio Napo, e. Ecuador); 

 453 (Ecuador); 1860, 292 (Ecuador); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 61; Oat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 76 (Bogota, Colombia; Esmeraldas and Eio Napo, Ecuador; 

 Trinidad). — Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 82 (Trinidad). — Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill, Panama E. E.) ; 1866, 180 (tJcayali, 

 e. Peru); 1867, 749 (Huallaga, e. Peru); 1868, 627 (Venezuela).— Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171.— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., '1867, 

 138 (Santiago, Veragua). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 99 (Santa 

 Rosa, Angostura, and Turrialba, Costa Eica). — Frantzius, Joum. fur Orn., 

 1869, 298 (Santa Eosa, Angostura, Turrialba, and Tucarrique, Costa Eica). — 

 Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 209 (Forte de Eio Branco; Forte de Eio Negro; 

 Eio Myiarchusrio) . — Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 326 (Bucaramanga, Aguaehica, and Ocana, 

 Colombia). — Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 513 (centr. Peru). 



Tanagra palmarum melanoptera Beelepsch, Joum. fiir Orn., 1884, 291 (Bucara- 

 manga, Colombia). — Taczanowski, Orn. du P^rou, ii, 1885, 486. — Chapman, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 267 (Santarem, lower Amazon; crit); Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., 

 vi, 1894, 30 (Trinidad; habits). ^Eichmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 

 1896, 677 (Myiarchusrgarita I., Venezuela).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 

 1898, 141 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia); Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., ii, 1900, 30 

 (Loma del Leon, Panama E. E.). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 

 169 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia). 



{Tanagra palmarum} b. subsp. melanoptera Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 160, in list of specimens (Tucurriqui, Costa Eica; Santiago, Veragua; 

 Paraiso Station and Panama, Panama E. E. ; Myiarchusnca, Santa Myiarchusrta, Eemedios, 

 and Bogota, Colombia; Eio Napo, Sarayacu, and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; 

 Yquitos and Sarayacu, e. Peru; Cangalli, Bolivia). 



(?) Tanagra palmarum violUavata Beelepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1883, 546 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador). 



TANAGRA ABBAS Lichtenstein. 

 ABBOT TANAOER. 



Adult male. — Head and neck dull purplish (campanula) blue, becom- 

 ing much paler and duller (more grayish) blue on throat; lores black; 

 back olive (with a bluish gloss in certain lights), the feathers dusky 

 centrally, producing a spotted appearance; scapulars, rump, and upper 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



61 



tail-coverts plain yellowish olive, the rump and upper tail-coverts 

 more or less tinged with gray; under parts (except throat) lighter, 

 much more yellowish, olive, more or less glossed with purplish IdIuc 

 anteriorly and laterally; lesser wing-coverts olive-bluish; middle and 

 greater coverts yellowish olive, the former with slightly bluish tips; 

 alula, primary coverts, and remiges black, the first' two edged with 

 bluish olive or olive-bluish, the last (except outermost and one to three 

 innermost primaries) extensively and abruptly clear light yellow (sul- 

 phur or light canary) basally, that on secondaries mostly concealed 

 by greater coverts; under wing-coverts pale yellow, with a broad 

 exterior border of bluish olive or olive-bluish; tail blackish, with dark 

 olive edgings, broader basally; bill black, the mandible grayish 

 basally; legs and feet dusky (grayish in life?); length (skins), 157.5- 

 175.3 (168.1); wing, 94^102.4 (97.8); tail, 64r-73.4 (68.3); exposed cul- 

 men, 11.2-12.7(11.9); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 20.8- 

 22.6 (21.8); middle toe, 14.7-17.3 (16).' 



Adult female.— Similiiv to adult male, but blue of head and neek 

 slightly duller, especially on throat, under parts less strongly binged 

 with blue, and black of wings and tail rather duller; length (skins), 

 163.8-167.6 (166.4); wing, 93.5-96.5 (95.3); tail, 66-68.8 (66.8); 

 exposed culmen, 12.2-13 (12.4); depth of bill at base, 7.9-8.1 (8.1); 

 larsus, 20.8-22.4 (21.8); middle toe, 15.2-16 (15.5).' 



Young {first plumage). — No blue on head or neck; upper parts, 

 except wings and tail, plain grayish olive, darker on back; under parts 

 much paler olive, tinged with yellow posteriorly; wings and tail as in 

 adults, but remiges, etc., and rectrices duller black, or dusky, the sec- 

 ondaries with the basal yellow less pure and less sharply defined. 



Southern Mexico, in states of Tamaulipas (Alta Myiarchusra), Vera Cruz 

 (Jalapa; Cordova; Orizaba), Mexico (valley of Mexico), Oaxaca, etc., 



' Ten specimens. 



^Four specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 



I am unable to discover any color difference between specimens from extreme 

 points of the range of the species. 




62 BULLETIN 50, TTNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



southward through Guatemala, British Hondui-as and Honduras to th( 

 Segovia fiiver. 



Tanagra abbas Lichtenstein, Preia-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 2 (Mexico; coll. Berlii 

 Myiarchuss.); Journ. iiir Orn., 1863, 57. — Sclater, Proc. Zool. See. Lond., 1856 

 235 (monogr.; Cordova and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Honduras; Guatemala) 

 303 (Cordova); 1858, 358 (Lake of Yojoa Honduras); 1859, 364 (Jalapa, 

 Vera Cruz), 378 (Teotalcingo and Villa Alta, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (valley ol 

 Mexico); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 61; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 76 (Mexico) 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 162 (Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Belize, 

 Brit. Honduras; Cahabon, Coban, Chisec, Duenas, and Betalhuleu, Guate- 

 mala; San Pedro, Honduras). — Sumichrast, Mem. Boat. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 

 550 (hot and temperate regions Vera Cruz, up to 4,00Ql ft). — Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras). — Law- 

 rence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 19 (Guichicovi, Oaxaca). — Salvin, 

 Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 189 (Guatemala). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 278. — Fereari-Perez, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 

 1886, 140 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— Ridgway, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 

 580 (Truxillo, Honduras), 585 (Segovia R., Honduras). — Eichmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 631 (Alta Myiarchusra, Tamaulipas) .—Chapman, Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 27 (Jalapa). 



ITanagra} abbas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr.,, 1873, 21. 



Tanagra (Aglaia) mcariits Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1831, 206, pi. 68 (Mexico). 



Tanagra vicarius Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 116 (Guatemala); 

 Consp. Av., i, 1850, 238; Eev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, 1851, 171; Note aur les 

 Tang., 1851, 22.— Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 16, pi. 5, flg. 1, egg 

 (Duenaa, Guatemala; descr. eggs). — Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 

 59 (Belize, British Honduraa). — Taylor, Ibis, 1860, 111 (Lake Yojoa, 

 Honduras). 



Thlraupisl vicarius Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 29 (Mexico). 



Genus SPINDALIS Jardine and. Selby. 



Spindalis Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., new ser., 1836, pi. 9. (Type, S. bUi- 

 neatus Jakdine and Selby, Tanagra nigricephala Jameson. ) 



Spizampelis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, 1866, 253. (Type, Tanagra pretrei 

 Lesson. ) 



Medium-sized to rather small Tanagers, with exposed culmen decid- 

 edly shorter than middle toe without claw, tarsus not more than one- 

 third as long as tail, and maxillary tomium distinctly sinuated; adult 

 males with head conspicuously striped with black and white, the 

 plumage otherwise varied with black, yellow, orange (sometimes 

 tawny or chestnut), and white; females with wing-coverts and second- 

 aries edged distinctly with whitish or pale olive. 



Bill rather short (distance from nostril to tip of maxilla less than 

 that from same point to anterior angle of eye), varying from stout to 

 rather slender, triangular in vertical profile; culmen distinctly (usually 

 strongly) convex; gonys slightly convex, shorter than length of maxilla 

 to nostril, about equal to or a little less than width of mandible at 

 base; depth of bill at base less than distance from nostril to tip of 

 maxilla; maxillary tomium rather distinctly notched subterminally, 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 63 



then nearly straight or faintly concave, more or less convex beneath 

 nasal fossae; mandibular tomium first a little concave, then more or 

 less convex to about the middle, thence nearly straight to the slight 

 subbasal angle. Nostril exposed, broadly horizontally oval, with 

 rather broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles obvious but not 

 conspicuous. Wing a little less than four to about four and one-third 

 times as long as tarsus, rather pointed (ninth to sixth or eighth to 

 fifth primaries longest, the ninth longer than fifth); primaries exceed- 

 ing secondaries by a little less to a little more than length of tarsus. 

 Tail shorter than wing by less than length of tarsus, slightly divari- 

 cate and emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow, with firm webs and 

 rounded or very slightly pointed tips. Tarsus less than twice as long 

 as exposed culmen, equal to or slightly exceeding middle toe with 

 claw; lateral claws scarcely reaching to base of middle claw; hind 

 claw decidedly shorter than its digit, strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult males with head black, relieved by broad super- 

 ciliary and malar stripes of white; wings and tail black, conspicuously 

 marked with white; under parts with more or less yellow or orange, 

 or both, sometimes with chestnut on chest; throat black laterally, 

 white or yellow centrallj^ or medially. Females and young much 

 duller, with black replaced by olivaceous, the head without conspicu- 

 ous (if any) stripes. 



Range. — Greater Antilles (Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, 

 Jamaica, Grand Cayman) and Cozumel Island, Yucatan. 



S. pretrei has been separated generically, doubtless on account of 

 its slender bill, which is very different in form from that of 8. nigri- 

 cepJiola and S. henedicti; but other species are intermediate, and I can 

 see no good reason for subdividing the genus. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES Of SPINDALIS. 



u. Head black, with conspicuous white superciliary and malar stripes. (Adult males. ) 

 h. Rump yellowish olive-green, similar to back, but slightly more yellowish; inner 

 webs of lateral rectrices not extensively white. 

 c. Larger (wing 92.2-100.6); hindneck oh ve-green, like back; lesser wing-coverts 

 black; abdomen and flanks yellow. (Jamaica.) 



Spindalis nigfricephala, adult male (p. 64) 

 cc. Smaller (wing 82.5-87.6) ; hindneck orange, forming a sharply defined col- 

 lar; lesser wing-coverts chestnut; abdomen white, flanks grayish olive- 

 green, indistinctly streaked with darker. (Porto Rico.) 



Spindalis portorioensis, adult male (p. 65) 



66. Rump rufous-orange, orange-rufous, or chestnut very different from color 



(olive-green or black) of back; inner webs of lateral rectrices extensively 



white. 



c. Bill more slender (depth at base much less than distance from nostril to tip of 



maxilla); nuchal collar yellow or rufous-orange; whole rump rufus-orange 



or orange-rufous. 



d. Nuchal collar yellow; upper tail-coverts chestnut or chestnut-rufous; chest 



chestnut. (Haiti.) - Spindalis multicolor, adult male (p. 67) 




64 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dd. Nuchal collar rufous-orange; upper tail-coverts rufous-orange, like rump; 

 chest rufous-orange. (Cuba; Isle of Pines. ) 



Spindalis pretrei, adult male (p. 68) 

 cc. Bill stouter (depth at base nearly equal to distance from nostril to tip of 

 maxilla) ; nuchal collar chestnut, at least the upper portion; upper rump 

 olive-green or black, like back; lower rump chestnut. 

 d. Smaller (wing 73.4-81.0, tail 57.9-65.0) ; bill much narrower (depth at base 

 6.1-7.9). {Spindalis zena.) 

 e. Back and scapulars uniform black (rarely very slightly mixed with oUve- 

 green). (Bahamas, except Abaco island.) 



Spindalis zena zena, adult male (p. 70) 

 ee. Back and scapulars dark yellowish olive, or at least much mixed with 

 this color or olive-yellowish. (Abaco Island, Bahamas.) 



Spindalis zena townsendi, adult male (p. 72) 

 dd. Larger (wing 76.2-86.4, tail 63.0-68.1) ; bill much stouter (depth at base, 

 7.6-8.9) ; back and scapulars always yellowish olive. 

 e. Median throat-stripe lemon yellow; lower rump chestnut. (Cozumel 



Island, Yucatan) Spindalis benedicti, adult male (p. 73) 



ee. Median throat-stripe "yellowish orange;" lower rump "brownish 

 orange." (Island of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea.) 



Spindalis salvini, adult male (p. 74) 

 aa. Head olive-grayish, a^ ithout distinct (if any) white superciliary or malar stripes. 

 (Adult females.') 

 h. Larger (wing 97.8, tail 74.7); abdomen yellow. 



Spindalis nigricepliala, adult female (p. 65) 

 hb. Smaller (wing less than 85.1, tail less thaii 66) ; abdomen not yellow. 



L. Under parts streaked Spindalis portoricensis, adult female (p. 66) 



cc. Under parts not streaked. 



d. Larger (wing 76.2-81.5, tail 59.9-63.5) ; bill stouter (depth at base 7.6-8.1). 



Spindalis benedicti, adult female (p. 73) 

 dd. Smaller (wing 68.6-76, tail 53.3-60.7); bill more slender (depth at base not 

 more than 7.4). 

 e. Larger (wing 71.1-76.4, averaging more than 72.4; tail 53.3-60.7, averag- 

 ing 55.6 or more); bill stouter, averaging 7.1-7.4 in basal depth; color 

 less strongly olivaceous. 



/. Grayer Spindalis zena zena, adult female (p. 71) 



ff. More olivaceous Spindalis zena townsendi, adult female (p. 72) 



ee. Smaller (wing 68.6-71.1, averaging 70.1, tail 50.8-54.1, averaging 52.6); 

 bill more slender (averaging 5.6 in basal depth) ; color more strongly 

 olivaceous Spindalis pretrei, adult female (p. 69) 



SPINDALIS NIGRICEPHALA (Jameson). 

 JAMAICAN SPINBALIS. 



AdvJ,t male. — Head and upper neck black, relieved by a broad super- 

 ciliary stripe (extending to nape), a broad malar stripe, and a patch 

 covering chin and upper throat, of white; back, scapulars, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts plain yellowish olive-green, more yellowish poste- 

 riorly, under parts deep saffron or Indian yellow, deepening into 

 orange, or cadmium orange, on median portion of chest and foreneck, 



' Females of S. multicolor and S. salvini have not been seen by me. 




BIBDB OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 65 



slightly tinged with olive laterally, especially on flanks; ana: region 

 and under tail-coverts white, the feathers grayish basally; axillars and 

 under wing-coverta white, slightly tinged with yellow; wings and tail 

 black, the greater coverts and tertials broadly, the other secondaries 

 and the primaries narrowly, margined with white; inner webs of lat- 

 eral rectrices with a large terminal blotch of white on inner half; max- 

 illa black, mandible bluish gray with blackish tip; legs and feet 

 grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 166.1-186.7 (177); 

 wing, 92.2-100.6 (97.3); tail, 71.6-79.2 (76.7); exposed culmen, 12.2- 

 14 (13.5); depth of bill at base, 8.1-8A (8.4); tarsus, 21.8-23.9 (22.6); 

 middle toe, 16.2-16.8 (16.3).^ 



Adult female.— Fileam and sides of head plain dull olive-grayish, 

 the feathers with indistinctly darker margins; chin, throat, and sides 

 of neck plain light brownish gray; otherwise like the adult male, but 

 lesser and middle wing-coverts greenish olive, black of greater coverts, 

 remiges, primary coverts, and tail duller (the last with middle pair of 

 rectrices dusky brownish gray), yellowish olive-green of upper parts 

 duller, and yellow of under parts slightly less intense; white terminal 

 patch of inner web of lateral rectrices smaller; length (skin), lsl.6; 

 wing, 97.8; tail, 74.7; exposed culmen, 13.5; depth of bill at base, 8.1; 

 tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 16.8.' 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



Tanagra nigricephala Jameson, Edinburgh New Philos. Journ., xix, 1835, 213 

 (Jamaica); L'Institut, iii, 1835, 316.— Gosse, Illustr. Birds Jamaica, 1849, 

 pi. 56. 



[Spindalia\ nigricephalaBoNAPARTS, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 240. — Sclatbr and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 



Spindalis nigricephala SchATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 230 (monogr.); 1861, 

 74; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 56; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 77, excl. syn. part; 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss.,xi, 1886, 166(Moneague and Spanishtown, Jamaica). — 

 Alerbcht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 196. — Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1863, 296.— CoEY, Auk, iii, 1886, 198 (synonymy; descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 

 85; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 130.— Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 180. 



Slpindalis] nigricephala A. and E. Newton, Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. 



Spindalis bUineatus Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., new ser., 1836, pi. 9. 



Tanagra zena (not Pringilla zena Linnaeus) Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 231. 



Tanagra zenoides Des Myiarchusrs, Icon. Orn., 1847, pi. 40. 



SPINDALIS PORTORICENSIS (Bryant). 

 PORTO KICAN SPIHDALIS, 



Admit male. — Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a white 

 superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and a white malar stripe (some- 

 times also a small white spot in middle of forehead); a large black 

 space on each side of lower throat; back, scapulars, rump, and upper 



' Five specimens. ^ One specimen. 



3654— VOL 2—01 5 




66 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tail-coverts plain olive-green, more yellowish posteriorly; a conspicu- 

 ous collar of orange, commencing at posterior end of the white malar 

 stripe and extending thence across sides of neck and hindneck; lesser 

 wing-coverts chestnut-rufous; middle coverts olive-green; rest of wing 

 dull blackish or dusky, the greater coverts and secondaries (especially 

 the tertials) edged with gra3'ish white, the secondaries sometimes 

 edged with olive-greenish basally; outer webs of primaries more or 

 less extensively white at base, this sometimes entirely concealed by 

 primary coverts, sometimes extending beyond them; tail olive-dusky 

 (the middle pair of rectrices paler, more olive or olive-grayish), with 

 edges of rectrices olive-greenish basally, grayish terminally; inner 

 webs of lateral rectrices usually edged terminally with white; chin 

 and sides of upper throat white, flecked with black; median portion 

 of throat (more or less broadly) clear yellow, passing into cadmium 

 orange on median portion of f oreneck (between posterior half, approxi- 

 mately, of the lateral black spaces); chest, breast, upper abdomen, 

 and anterior portion of sides yellow (lemon or gamboge) tinged with 

 olive laterally; rest of under parts white medially, light grayish olive 

 or olive-grayish laterally, the flanks indistincly streaked with darker; 

 under tail-coverts with a central (mostly concealed) sagittate space of 

 olive-grayish; maxilla black, mandible grayish (bluish gray or 

 plumbeous in life); iris dark reddish brown ^; legs and feet grayish 

 dusky (plumbeous in life'); length (skins), 147.3-168.9 (157); wing, 

 82.6-87.1 (81.6); tail, 61.7-68.6(64.8); exposed culmen, 11.4-13 (12.2); 

 depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.9 (8.1); tarsus, 18.8-21.6 (20.1); middle 

 toe, 11-15.5 (15).' 



Adult female. — Very different from the male. Above plain gray- 

 ish olive, the rump, upper tail-coverts, edges of rectrices (basally), 

 lesser wing-coverts, and edges of secondaries (sometimes also an 

 indistinct collar across hindneck and sides of neck), yellowish olive- 

 green; greater wing-coverts brownish gray, edged with pale olive- 

 grayish or pale olive-greenish, passing into whitish terminally; rest of 

 wings darker brownish gray, or dusky, the tertials edged with pale^ 

 olive-grayish or olive-whitish, the other secondaries with yellowish 

 olive-green, the primaries (more narrowly) with olive-whitish or pale 

 olive-grayish or olive-greenish; sides of head plain grayish olive or 

 olive-grayish like pileum, sometimes with a very indistinct supercil- 

 iary stripe of paler; a broad whitish malar stripe, usually flecked with 

 olive-grayish; beneath this, on sides of lower throat, a more or less 

 extensive and distinct patch of olive-grayish; under parts whitish, 

 more or less tinged with yellow on chest and breast and shaded with 

 olive-grayish across chest and on sides and flanks, more or less dis- 

 tinctly streaked with dusky, except on lower abdomen and anal region; 

 bill, iris, legs, and feet as in male; length (skins), 147.3-154.9 (150.9); 

 wing, 78.7-84.3 (81.5); tail,- 59.2-65 (62.5); exposed culmen, 11.4- 



' C. W. Richmond, manuscript. ^ Seven specimena. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 67 



13.2 (12.4); depth of bill at base, 7.i-8.1 (7.6); tarsus 20 1-22 1 

 (20.6); middle toe, 13-15.2 (14.5). ^ 



Immature maZe.— Similar to the adult male, but black of head 

 replaced by olive, more or less blotched or mixed with black; white 

 head-stripes less distinct, less purely white; orange patch on foreneck 

 absent or slightly indicated, and yellow of breast, etc., paler; orange 

 nuchal collar narrower, more yellow; wings and tail much as in adult 

 female. 



Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 



Tanagra portoricensis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, 1866, 252 (Porto 



Rico). 

 [Spindali^l portoricemis Solatek and Salvin, Noni. Av. Neotr 1873 21 — Cory 



List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. . . • 



SpindalispoHoricensis Gvimi^ACR, Journ. furOrn., 1874, 311; 1878, 159, 168- Anal 



Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 188.— Coky, Auk, iii, 1886, 197 (synonymy' 



descr.); Birds W. L, 1889, 84 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 132.— 



Sclater, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 167. 

 Tanagra {Spindalis) portoricensis Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak FOrh Stockh 



1869, 596. 



SPINDALIS MULTICOLOR (Vieillot). 

 HAITIAN SPINDAIIS. 



Aduli male.— Filenm and sides of head black, relieved by a super- 

 ciliary stripe and broader malar stripe of white, the former extend- 

 ing to the nape; chin and upper throat also white; entire hindneck 

 and sides of neck rich yellow (Indian yellow); back yellowish olive- 

 green, the scapulars similar but darker and somewhat mixed with 

 dusky anteriorly; whole rump orange-tawny, becoming yellowish next 

 to olive-green of back, the upper tail-coverts rather deeper orange- 

 tawny, sometimes inclining to yellowish chestnut; lesser wing-coverts 

 chestnut; rest of wings black, the middle coverts narrowly margined 

 with olive-green, the greater coverts and tertials broadly edged with 

 white, the other secondaries and the primaries more narrowly edged 

 with white, the latter (except the outermost) white at base of outer 

 web, forming a more or less extensive patch; tail black, the outermost 

 rectrix with about the terminal half of inner web white (except at tip), 

 the corresponding part of outer web also mostly white; next rectrix 

 with a similar but slightly shorter patch of white on inner web; third 

 with a large terminal or subterminal spot of white; median line of 

 lower throat canary yellow, bordered along each side by a large patch 

 of black (narrow and pointed anteriorly, broad and rounded posteriori}^), 

 extending posteriorly much beyond the yellow, or as far as the pos- 

 terior extremity of the white malar stripe; space between posterior 

 half of these black patches, extending considerably upon median por- 

 tion of chest, chestnut; sides of chest, whole breast, and upper abdo- 

 men bright j-^ellow (lemon or gamboge); lower abdomen, anal region, 



' Seven specimens, 




68 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



and under tail-coverts white, tlie last with concealed basal portion of 

 the feathers abruptly gray; flanks light grayish olive, indistinctly 

 streaked with darker; maxilla black; mandible paler (bluish gray in 

 life?); legs and feet dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 157.5; 

 wing, 83.1-86.4 (S4.6); tail, 69.9-71.9 (70.9); exposed culmen, 10.7-11.2 

 (10.9); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 5.8; tarsus, 20.8-21.1; mid- 

 dle toe, 13.7.' 



Adidt female. — "Olive on the back and yellowish on the rump; 

 under parts grayish, whitening at the vent" (Cort). "Above olive; 

 back slightly striated; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with olive; 

 outer margins of wing-coverts whitish; beneath grayish white, clearer 

 on the belly, with blackish shaft-stripes on the breast" (SclatEe). 



Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 



T\anagra\ multicolor Vieillot, Enc. M4th., ii, 1823, 775 ( " Florides, les iles Baha- 

 ma et de Saint-Domingue ") . 



Tanagra multicolor Vieillot, Gal. Ois., i, 1834, 100, pi. 76. 



[Spindalis] multicolor Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 240. — Sclatek and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21.— Cory, List Birds AV. I., 1885, 11. 



Spindalis multicolor Sclater, Proc. Zool. See. Lond., 1856, 230 (monogr. ); Synop. 

 Av. Tanagr., 1856, 57; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 167.— Salle, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 231.— Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 152 

 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 54, pi. (7); Auk, iii, 1886, 196 

 (synonymy; descr.); Birds AV. I., 1889, 83 (do.); Cat. AV. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 

 114, 131. — Oheerie, Oontr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 13 (Catare and Aguacate, 

 Santo Domingo; crit. ). 



Tanagra clominicensis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 92 (St. Domingo; 

 crit. ) . 



SPINDALIS PRETREI (Lesson). 



CUBAN SPINDALIS. 



Similar to S. multi-color., but bill still more slender; adult male with 

 nuchal collar rufous-orange (instead of yellow), lower rump rufous- 

 orange (instead of deep orange-tawny), chest tawny-orange instead of 

 chestnut, middle wing-coverts more broadly tipped with olive-green, 

 greater coverts more broadly edged with white, and black stripe on 

 sides of throat much narrower. 



Ackilt m.ale. — Pil6um and sides of head black, relieved by a white 

 superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and a still broader white malar 

 stripe; chin white (confluent laterally with white malar stripes); median 

 portion of throat clear rich yellow (canary or Indian yellow), mai"- 

 gined on each side by a black stripe (narrow and pointed anteriorly, 

 broader and rounded or subtruncate posteriorly); whole chest, lower 

 foreneck (between posterior portion of lateral black throat-stripes), 

 sides of neck and band or collar across hindneck orange-tawny or deep 

 tawny-orange, that on the chest fading posteriorly into clear lemon 

 yellow on median portion of breast and upper abdomen; sides and 

 flanks pale oli^'e-grayish; lower abdomen, anal region, and under tail- 



' Two specimens, 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



69 



coverts white, the last with concealed basal portion of longer feathers 

 abruptly gray; back and scapulars plain yellowish olive-green; rump 

 tawny-orange or prange-tawny, more yellowish toward back; upper tail- 

 coverts black basally, gray and olive-greenish terminally; lesser wing- 

 coverts orange-chestnut; middle coverts black, broadly tipped with olive- 

 gieen; rest of wings black, the greater coverts and tertials broadly edged 

 with white, the other secondaries more narrowly edged with white or pale 

 yellowish, the primaries still more narrowly edged with white or very 

 pale grayish, the longer primaries with basal portion of outer webs 

 white, forming more or less of a patch beyond tips of primary coverts; 

 tail black, with more than terminal half of inner web of lateral rectrix 

 white, the second with a little less white (about the terminal half), the 

 third with a large white terminal space; inner webs of middle rectrices 

 broadly edged with white; maxilla black, mandible bluish gray; legs 

 and feet blackish gray (bluish gray in life?.); length (skins), 132.1-147.3 

 (138.2); wing, 70.6-74.9 (78.4); tail, 53.8-58.2 (66.1); exposed culmen, 

 10.7-11.4 (10.9); depth of bill at base, 5.6-6.4 (5.8); tarsus, 17.5-19.6 

 (18.8); middle toe, 13.2-14.5 (13.5). ^ 



Adult female. — Very different in coloration from the male. Above 

 (including pileum, sides of head, and hindneck) plain olive, becoming 

 slightly lighter on rump; beneath much paler olive, slightly tinged 

 with yellowish, the chin and a broad but not very distinct malar stripe 

 whitish; abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white, tinged 

 with yellowish, the last with concealed portion abruptly brownish gray; 

 wings and tail dusky, the greater wing-coverts and tertials broadly 

 edged with white, very pale gray, or olive-whitish, the secondaries 

 edged with light olive, the primaries very narrowly edged with pale 

 gray, and the rectrices rather broadly edged with greenish olive; inner 

 webs of two lateral rectrices with an indistinct paler space or blotch 

 near tip; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 133.4- 

 142.2 (140); wing, 68.6-71.1 (70.1); tail, 50.8-54.1 (52.6); exposed cul- 

 men, 10.7-12.2 (11.4); depth of bill at base, 6.3-6.8 (5.6); tarsus, 17.5- 

 19.6 (18.3); middle toe, 12.7-14 (13.5).' 



Island of Cuba (including the Isle of Pines),' Greater Antilles. 



' Seven specimens. 

 '^ Five specimens. 



' Three adult males from the Isle of Pines, although in somewhat worn plumage, 

 appear to be identical in coloration with Cuban specimens, but are somewhat larger. 

 Average measurements are as follows: 



With the exception of a pair from Monte Verde, all the specimens examined are 

 from western Cuba. No females from the Isle of Pines have been seen by me. 




70 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Tanagra pretrei Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1831, 122, pi. 45 ("Brazil").— Lafebsnaye, 



Rev. Zool., 1839, 103 (Cuba; crit.). 

 T\_anagra\ pretrei Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 365. 

 [Spindalis] pretrei Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 248. 

 Spindalis pretrei Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 476; 1861, 328; 1862, 189; 1872, 



419; Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 237.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 



vii, 1860, 307.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 196 (synonymy; descr.); Birds W. I., 



1889, 83 (do.).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 309 (Trinidad, 



Cuba) . 

 Spindalis pretrii Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 168 (San Cristobal, 



Cuba).— Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 129. 

 ISpindalis} pretrii Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. — Cory, List 



Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Tanagra (Spindalis) pretrei Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1871, 266, 275. 

 Tanagra zena (not Fringilla zena Linnaeus) Vigors, Zool. Journ., iii, no. xi, Dec, 



1827, 441 (Cuba).— D'Obbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 



65, excl. syn. part, pi. 11. 

 T[anagra'] zena Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 365 part. 

 Spindalia zena Bchti.T'ER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 231 (monogr.); Synop. Av. 



Tanagr., 1856, 57, part (Cuba). 



SPINDALIS ZENA ZENA (Linnaeus). 

 BLACK-BACKED SFIin)ALIS. 



Adidt nnale. — Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a broad 

 superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and a still broader malar stripe 

 of white; chin white; a band across hindneck (extending across sides 

 of neck to posterior extremity of white malar stripe) chestnut, becom- 

 ing lighter and more yellowish (sometimes dull orange-yellow) pos- 

 teriorly; back and scapulars uniform black (rarely slightly intermixed 

 with olive-greenish); upper rump dull yellowish (gallstone or ocher yel- 

 low), passing into bright chestnut on lower rump; upper tail-coverts 

 black; wings and tail black; lesser wing-coverts partly dark chestnut; 

 greater coverts and tertials very broadly edged with white, the other 

 secondaries less broadly and primaries very narrowly edged with the 

 same, the last with basal portion of outer webs white, forming a more 

 or less extensive spot or patch; inner webs of middle rectrices edged 

 (more or less broadly) with white; inner web of outermost i-ectrix 

 with more than terminal half white, the next with nearly the terminal 

 half white, the third usually with a terminal white spot of greater or 

 less extent; throat with two broad lateral stripes of black (narrower 

 and more or less pointed anteriorly, much broader and rounded or sub- 

 truncate posteriorly), these inclosing a median stripe (of varying 

 extent) of rich yellow (Indian yellow or rich lemon yellow); space 

 between broad posterior extremities of black lateral throat stripes, and 

 more or less of chest, chestnut; sides of chest, breast, and upper por- 

 tion of abdomen yellow, usually more or less suffused with chestnut; 

 flanks pale olive-grayish, sometimes broadly streaked or longitudinally 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 7 1 



clouded with blackish, rarely with these broad black streaks \'ery 

 heavy; abdomen and under tail-coverts white, the last with concealed 

 subbasal spots of dusky; maxilla black, mandible bluish gray with 

 blackish tip; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length 

 (skins), 137.2-152.4 (147.3); wing, 73.4-81 (77.5); tail, 57.9-65 (61.5); 

 exposed culmen 9.7-13 (11.4); depth of bill at base, 6.1-7.9 (6.9); 

 tarsus, 18.3-20.3 (19.8); middle toe, 13-16 (14.2).' 



Admit female^'- — Above plain, rather light, olive or olive-grayish, 

 the feathers of the pileum very indistinctly darker centrally; wings 

 and tail dusky, the greater wing-coverts and tertials broadly edged 

 with dull whitish or very pale olive, the secondaries more narrowly 

 edged with pale olive, the primaries with outer webs narrowly edged 

 with pale grayish or grayish white and abruptly white at base, forming 

 a more or less extensive spot or patch; rectrices edged (quite broadly 

 toward base) with light greenish olive; si"des of head like upper parts, 

 sometimes with an indistinct paler superciliary stripe, the auricular 

 region with narrow paler shaft-streaks; under parts very pale olive or 

 olive-grayish (sometimes faintly tinged with yellowish), the chin, malar 

 region, lower abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts whitish 

 (the last sometimes inclining to buffy) ; throat sometimes with a median 

 space of pale dull yellowish; maxilla blackish, mandible grayish with 

 dusky tips; legs and feet grayish dusky; length (skins), 129.6-149.9 

 (143.3); wing, 72.4-76.5 (74.2)"; tail, 53.8-60.7 (56.9); exposed culmen, 

 10.9-12.7 (11.7); depth of bill at base, 7.4-7.6 (7.4); tarsus, 17.8-20.3 

 (19.6); middle toe, 13-15 (13.5).' 



' Eighteen specimens. 



^The female of this species is very similar in coloration to that of S. pretrei, but is 

 decidedly grayer and has the bill much stouter. 

 ' Eight specimens. 

 Average measurements of specimens from different islands are as follows: 



I regret the necessity of reducing to a synonym of S. zena zena the S. z. st^negeri 

 of Cory, but can not avoid it. Among eight adult males from Eleuthera Island only 

 three show the characters of the supposed subspecies, even in part, while of seven 

 from New Providence three are nearly typical S. z. stejnegeri. 




72 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Bahama Islands, except island of Abaco. (Recorded from Berry 

 Islands, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andres, San Salvador, Long- 

 Island, Green Cay, and Myiarchusriguana islands.) 



[Fringilla'] zaia Linnjeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 320 (based on Bahama Finch, 



Fringilla hahamensis Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pi. 42). 

 Tianagral zena Gkay, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 365, part. 

 Tanagra zena Bkyant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 111 (New Providence, 



\J<pindalls] zena BoNAPAUTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 240. — ScLATEEand Salvin, Norn. 

 Av. Neotr., 1873, 21.— Coky, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 



Sp'mdalm zena ScL.iTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 231, part, excl. syn. part; 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 169 (Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas). — 

 Coky, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 92; Auk, iii, 1886, 195 (synonymy; descr.) ; viii, 

 1891, 294 (New Providence), 295 (Berry Islands); ix, 1892, 48 (Myiarchusriguana); 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 82 (do.); Cat. ^N. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114,127 (Berry Islands, 

 New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Long I., Green Cay, and Myiarchusriguana, 

 Bahamas). — Nokthrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 70 (Andros I.; food, etc.). — Ridg- 

 WAY, Auk, viii, 1891, 335 (New Providence), 336 (Eleuthera I.), 337 (Cat I. 

 or San Salvador), 339 (Green Cay). 



Spindalis zena atejnegeri Cory, Auk, viii, Oct., 1891, 348, 351 (Eleuthera Island, 

 Bahamas; coll. C. B. Cory); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 126, 152 (Eleu- 

 thera; San Salvador?). 



SPINDALIS ZENA TOWNSENDI Ridgway. 

 ABACO sfhtsalis. 



Similar to /S. s. sena, but adult male with back either wholly olive or 

 much mixed with that color, instead of uniform black, the adult female 

 more decidedly olive or olive-greenish. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 149.9-162.6 (164.7); wing, 74.2-78.7 

 (76.7); tail, 61.2-62.7 (62); exposed culmen, 11.7-12.2 (11.9); depth of 

 bill at base, 5.8-7.1 (6.6); tarsus, 18.5-19.8 (19.3); middle toe, 13.7-14.5 

 (14).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 141-147.8 (144); wing, 71.1-73.7 

 (72.9); tail, 53.3-57.9 (55.6); exposed culmen, 10.4-11.7 (11.2); depth 

 of bill at base, 6.9-7.1 (7.1); tarsus, 18.3-19.8 (19.1); middle toe, 

 13.5-15 (14.2).' 



Island of Abaco, Bahamas. 



Spindatis zena townsendi Ridqway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, Apr. 25, 1887, 3 (Ataco 

 Island, Bahamas; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Auk, viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco).— Coky, 

 Auk. v, 1888, 157; viii, 1891, 298, 350 (Great Bahama; Abaco) ; Birds W. I., 

 1889, 292; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 127, 152 (Abaco; Great Bahama; 

 Andros?). 



SPINDALIS BENEDICTI Ridgway. 



COZUUEL SPnrSALIS. 



Similar in coloration to 8. zena tmonsendi (the back and scapulars 

 always olive) but much larger and with much thicker bill. 



'Five specimens. ^ Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 73 



Adult male. — Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a broad 

 superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and broader malar stripe of 

 white; chin white; throat with a median stripe of bright yellow, 

 inclosed between two broad lateral stripes (narrower and more pointed 

 anteriorly, broader and rounded or subtruncate posteriorly) of black; 

 space between posterior portion of these black lateral throat-stripes, 

 more or less of the chest, sides of neck, and band across hindneck 

 chestnut, the nuchal collar broken below by deep olive-3^ellowish tips 

 to the feathers; back and scapulars deep yellowish oli^-e-green, passing 

 into olive-yellowish on upper rump and this into chestnut on lower 

 rump; feathers of lower hindneck and upper back with a concealed 

 black transverse spot or bar, separating the terminal yellowish olive- 

 green or olive-yellowish portion from the basal gray part; scapulars 

 sometimes partly blackish; upper tail-coverts black, with tips some- 

 times extensively gray or olive; lesser wing-coverts chestnut; middle 

 coverts black, narrowly margined at tips with yellowish olive-green; 

 rest of wing black, the greater coverts and tertials broadly, the other 

 secondaries more narrowl}^, the primaries very narrowlj^ edged with 

 white; primaries (except outermost) with outer webs abruptlj^ white 

 at base, forming a more oi- less extensive spot or patch; tail black, the 

 outer webs of rectrices very narrowly edged with white, inner web 

 of middle pair broadlj'^ edged with white, and inner webs of two outer- 

 most extensively white terminally (nearly the terminal half on outer- 

 most rectrix), the third sometimes with a white spot at tip of inner 

 web; outer web of lateral rectrix mostly white; breast and upper 

 abdomen rich yellow (lemon, sometimes approaching indian, yellow); 

 lower abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white, the last with 

 a large concealed spot of grayish on each web; sides and flanks light 

 grayish olive; maxilla black, mandible graj'ish (bluish gray in life ?) 

 with dusky tip; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life ?); 

 length (skins), 152.4-165.1 (159); wing, 76.2-86.4 (81.5); tail, 63-68.1 

 (66); exposed culmen, 12.2^12.4 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.9 

 (8.1); tarsus, 20.6-22.6 (21.1); middle toe, 14.5-15.2 (1.5).' 



Adult female. — Similar in coloration to the same sex of S. zena 

 townsendi, but larger and bill much stouter. Above plain olive; wings 

 dusky, the greater coverts and tertials edged with whitish or very pale 

 olive, the other secondaTies edged with light greenish olive, the 

 primaries with pale grayish; primaries with basal portion of outer webs 

 white, forming a small spot; tail dusky or dark olive-grayish with light 

 gi'eenish olive edgings, the inner webs of lateral rectrices margined 

 terminally with white; under parts pale olive, paler and more grayish 

 on chin and malar region, the abdomen, anal region, and under tail- 

 coverts whitish or yellowish white, the longer under tail-coverts 

 largely pale olive or light grayish brown; bill, legs, and feet as in the 



' Six specimens. 




74 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



male; length (skins), 114.8-166.1 (153.7); wing, 76.2-81.6 (78.2); tail, 

 68.9-63.5 (61.5); exposed culmen, 12.2-12.9 (12.7); depth of bill at 

 base, 7.6-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 19.3-21.6 (20.6); middle toe, 14.5-15.2 

 (M.7).' 

 Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. 



Spimdalis benedicti Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., iii (pub. Myiarchusr.), 1885, 21 

 (Cozumel I., Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 

 1885, 567 (detailed descr.). 



Spindalis exsul Salvin, Ibia, 5th ser., iii, Apr., 1885, 189, pi. 5 (Cozumel; coll. 

 Salvin and Godman). 



SPINDALIS SALVINI Cory. 

 SALVIN'S SPHTOALIS. 



Similar to S. ienedicti, hnt median throat-stripe "yellowish orange" 

 instead of yellow, and lower rump "brownish orange" instead of 

 chestnut. 



Adult male. — "Top of the head and cheeks black; a supercilary 

 and malar stripe of white; a patch of j'ellowish orange on the upper 

 throat, separated from the white malar stripe by a line of black which 

 reaches the breast; chin dull white; lower throat and breast chestnut; 

 back dark olive, separated from the black of the head by a chestnut 

 collar; lower back j^ellowish; a patch of chestnut on the carpus; rump 

 brownish orange; belly and under tail-coverts dull white; tail black, 

 the two outer feathers heavily marked with white; the third feather 

 tipped with white on the inner web, the two central feathers narrowly 

 edged with white on the inner webs; bill horn color, feet slate brown. 

 General appearance of Spindalis pretrii, but having the bill heavier 

 and throat markings unlike those of that species, besides other minor 

 differences. 



"Length, 139.7; wing, 85.1; tail, 69.9; tarsus, 17.8; bill, 12.7."' 



Island of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea (near Cuba). 



This form I have not seen. Judging from the description it seems 

 to be more like S. henedicti than any other, and to differ from that 

 species chieflj' in the more orange median throat-stripe and paler 

 ("brownish oi-ange" instead of chestnut) lower rump. A direct com- 

 parison should be made. 



Spindalis salvini Couy, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 499 (Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles; 

 coll. C. B. Cory); v. 1888, 157; Birds W. I., 1889, 289; Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 16, 114, 129, 152 (Grand Cayman). 



' Six specimens. 



^Original description; measurements in original given in inches and tenths. 




BIBDS OF NOETH AND IH^DDLE AMERICA. 75 



Genus PIRANGA Vieillot. 



Piranga "Vieii-lot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, p. iv. (Type, Myiarchussdcapa rubra 



Linnaeus. ) 

 Pyranga (emendation) Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 32. 

 Phcenisoma Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 284. (Type, by elimination, 



Tanagra rubra Linn£eus,= Pyranga eyrthromelas Vieillot. ) 

 Phcenicosoma (emendation) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 2-1. 



Medium sized or rather small Tanagers with expose'd culmen not 

 shorter than middle toe, without claw; bill rather stout to very stout, 

 more or less swollen, the maxillary tomiuni with more or less of a 

 median tooth or else the plumage unicolored (red in adult males, yel- 

 lowish in adult females and young); adult males with at least the 

 head red. 



Bill subconical, decidedly longer than broad or deep at base, the 

 culmen more or less strongly curved and uncinate at tip; exposed 

 culmen less than two-thirds to nearlj^ as long as tarsus, distinctly 

 ridged, gradually convex from base or nearly straight for basal half 

 or more; gonj^s nearly (sometimes quite) twice as long as mandibular 

 rami, nearly as long as maxilla from nostril, nearly or quite straight; 

 maxillary tomium distinctly notched subterminally, then gently con- 

 cave or nearly straight, usually with a more or less distinct tooth- 

 like projection in or near middle portion; mandibular tomium nearly 

 straight, or somewhat convex near tip, the basal portion rather 

 abruptly deflected, or sometimes even distinctly angulated. Nostril 

 exposed, rather large, oval or roundish, sometimes slightly pointed 

 anteriorly, in anterior end of nasal fossae. Rictal bristles obvious but 

 not conspicuous. Wing moderate or long (about three and two-thirds 

 to five and one-third times as long as tarsus), pointed (ninth to seventh 

 or sixth pi'imaries longest, the ninth longer than sixth) or rounded 

 (eighth to fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fourth); pri-' 

 maries exceeding secondaries by more than length of tarsus, except 

 in round-winged species. Tail 'shorter than wing by not less than 

 half length of tarsus, sometimes by much more than length of tarsus; 

 emarginate, even or slightly rounded, slightly divaricate terminally, 

 the rectrices of medium width, rounded at tips. Tarsus equal to or 

 longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base 

 of middle claw, or falling slightly short; hind claw decidedly shorter 

 than its digit, strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult males with more or less of red (sometimes wholly 

 red) with or without black wings and tail, the wings sometimes with 

 white, yellow, or reddish bands. Adult females with red replaced by 

 olive-greenish above, yellowish beneath, the wing pattern as in the 

 male. Young streaked beneath (always ?) in first plumage. 




76 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Range. — Temperate North America southward through Mexico and 

 Central America and tropical South America to Argentina, Bolivia, 

 and Peru. \ 



The species with longer and more pointed wing comprise all except 

 P. Uucoptera, P. ardens, P. erythrocepJiala., and P. roseo-gularis. These 

 latter differ further in having a shorter and more turgid bill, especially 

 the two last named; but I am not inclined to consider the differences 

 sufficient to justify generic separation, especially since P. hidentata is 

 intermediate with respect to the wing- formula. P. rvbra is the longest 

 winged member of the genus, and is the only one without a commis- 

 sural tooth, though this is indicated by a more or less obvious convex- 

 ity of the maxillary tomium where the usual tooth-like projection is 

 located.* P. erythrmnelas comes next in length of wing, and the com- 

 missural " tooth," though present, is less developed than in any other 

 species except P. rubra and P. ludoviciana., the latter agreeing 

 with P. iideniata in having the bill more slender than other species, 

 with the culmen nearly or quite straight for the greater part of its 

 length. The commissural tooth is most developed in P. liepatica, P. 

 testacea, and their allies. 



The wing-tip is at least as long as the tarsus and usually much longer 

 in all the species except those with rounded wing and short, turgid bill, 

 in which the distance from the tip of the shortest secondary to that of 

 the longest primary is very much less than the tarsus, in fact but little 

 if any more than half the length of the exposed culmen. In these, 

 too, the tail is much longer in proportion to the wing, but this is due 

 more to abbreviation of the wing than elongation of the tail. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PIRANGA. 



a. Wing more than four times as long as tarsus; outermost (ninth) primary longer 

 than fifth. 

 h. Back not streaked, 

 c. General color red, or at least the head red. (Adult males.) 

 d. Under parts entirely red; back reddish. 

 e. Wings and tail dull red; back duller or darker red than under parts; 

 under wing-coverts red or pinkish. 

 /. Myiarchusxillary tomium without a distinct median " tooth; "^ color pure 

 vermilion below, dull vermilion above. {Piranga rubra. ) 

 g. Smaller and darker colored; wing averaging 95.5, tail 72.4, exposed 

 culmen 17.5. (Eastern United States, south in winter to Peru, 



etc. ) Piranga rubra rubra, adult male (p. 79) 



gg. Larger and lighter colored; wing averaging 100.3, tail 80.5, exposed 



culmen 19.3. (Southwestern United States and western Mexico.) 



Piranga rubra cooperi, adult male (p. 83) 



' The National Myiarchusseum collection contains several specimens in which this so-called 

 tooth is very distinctly indicated. 

 ' Very rarely indicated. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 77 



JS. Myiarchusxillary tomium with a distinct median "tooth;" color orange-red, 



or dull orange-vermilion below, grayish red or brownish red above. 



g Wing 100.6 or more, averaging 102.6; back grayish red or reddish 



gray ; under parts ligh t orange-red or flame scarlet. ( Southwestern 



United States and plateau of Mexico. ) 



Piranga hepatica, adult male (p. 84) 

 gg. Wing not more than 99.1, averaging less than 95.2; back brownish 

 red; under parts deep dull orange-red. {Piranga testacea. ) 

 h. Coloration darker, with ear-coverts deep brownish red like pileum; 

 wings and tail shorter (wing averaging 91.9, tail 75.4). (Nic- 

 aragua to Colombia, etc. ) . 



Piranga testacea testacea, adult male (p. 86) 

 hh. Coloration lighter, with ear-coverts more grayish than pileum; 

 wings and tail longer (wing averaging 96.5, tail 78.2). (Guate- 

 mala to Honduras. ) . .Piranga testacea flglina, adult male (p. 87) 

 ee. Wings and tail black; back pure red, like under parts; under wing- 

 coverts white, becoming black on edge of wing. (Eastern North 

 America, south to northern South America in winter. ) 



Piranga erythromelaa, adult male in summer (p. 88) 

 dd. Under parts of body yellow; back not reddish. 

 e. Back black. (Western United States and British Columbia, south to 

 Guatemala in winter. ) 



Piranga ludovioiana, adult male in summer (p. 91) 

 ee. Back yellowish olive-green. (Colombia; accidental in California?) 



Piranga rubriceps, adults (extralimital') 

 cc. General color olive-greenish above (back sometimes black), yellow below; 

 no red, except sometimes a tinge on forepart of head. (Females and 

 young males. ) 

 d. Back olive-green or grayish. 

 e. Wings without yellow bands. 

 /. Under wing-coverts yellow, without dark outer margin. 



g. Bill light brownish, the mandible paler; maxillary tomium without 

 distinct median tooth. {Piranga rubra. ) 

 h. Smaller and deeper colored; wing averaging 91.9, tail 70.1, exposed 



culmen 18 Piranga rubra rubra, adult female (p. 79) 



hh. Larger and paler; wing averaging 98.5, tail 78.9, exposed culmen 



19.8 Piranga rubra cooperi, adult female (p. 83) 



gg. Bill dusky, the mandible more bluish gray; maxillary tomium with 

 a distinct median "tooth." 

 h. Back olive-grayish or light grayish olive-green; under parts pale 

 yellow, becoming pale olive-grayish on flanks. 



Piranga hepatica, adult female (p. 85) 

 hh. Back bright yellowish olive-green; under parts deep olive-yellow, 

 the flanks light olive-green. {Piranga testacea.) 

 i. Ear-coverts yellowish olive-green, like pileum; wings and tail 

 shorter (wing averaging 84.6, tail 73). 



Piranga testacea testacea, adult female (p. 87) 

 ii. Ear-coverts more grayish than pileum; wings and tail longer 

 (wing averaging 87.1, tail 78.7). 



Piranga testacea flglina, adult female (p. 87) 



^ Pyranga rubriceps Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364, pi. 89; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 192. (A Colombian species said to have been taken in California; 

 Bryant, Auk, iv, 1877, 78.) 




78 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ff. Under wing-c'overts white, with olive, dusky, or black exterior border. 

 g. Wings and tail black. 



Piranga erythromelas, adult male in winter (p. 89) 

 gg. Wings and tail dusky grayish with olive-greenish edgings. 



Piranga erythromelas, adult female and immature male (p. 90) 

 ee. Wings with two yellow (or one yellow and one white) bands. 

 /. Back and tail black. . .Piranga Indovioiana, adult male in winter (p. 92) 

 ff. Back olive-greenish or grayish, tail grayish brown with yellowish olive- 

 green edgings Piranga ludoviciana, adult female (p. 92) 



bh. Back streaked with black. (Piranga hidentata.) 

 c. General color red or orange (darker above). 

 d. Head, neck, and under parts cadmium orange. 

 c. Smaller (wing averaging 96.3, tail 79.5; white at tip of inner web of lat- 

 eral rectrices more extended. ( Western Mexico. ) 



Piranga hidentata hidentata, adult male (p. 95) 

 ee. Larger (wing averaging 97, tail 80.7); white at tip of inner web of lat- 

 eral rectrices more restricted. (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, western Mexico.) 

 Piranga hidentata flammea, adult male (p. 96) 

 dd. Head, neck, and under parts orange-red or scarlet. (Eastern Mexico to 



Chiriqui. ) Piranga hidentata sanguinolenta, adult male (p. 96) 



ec. General color yellow, more olive-greenish on upper parts. 

 d. Paler, the back more grayish olive-green; yellow of under parts lighter. 

 e. Smaller (wing averaging 93, tail 77.5, exposed culmen 16; white tip to 

 inner webs of lateral rectrices broader. 



Piranga hidentata hidentata, adult female (p. 95) 

 ee. Larger (wing averaging 93.7, tail, 80.7, exposed culmen, 17.5; white ter- 

 minal margin to inner web of lateral rectrices narrower. 



Piranga hidentata flammea, adult female (p. 96) 

 dd. Deeper colored, the back more yellowish olive-green. 



Piranga hidentata sanguinolenta, adult female (p. 96) 

 aa. Wing less than four times as long as tarsus; outermost (ninth) primary shorter 

 than fifth. 

 b. Lores grayish^ a whitish orbital ring; sides of head, breast, sides, back, and 

 rump gray. {Piranga roseo-gularis.) 

 c. Pileum, wings, and tail brownish red; throat and under tail-coverts pinkish 

 red. (Adult males. ) 

 d. Red of pileum brighter; wing longer (averaging 79.5), tail shorter (aver- 

 ting 65.5). (Yucatan.) 



Piranga roseo-gnlaris roseo-gnlaris, adult male (p. 98) 

 dd. Bed of pileum duller; wing shorter (averaging 79.2), tail longer (aver- 

 aging 68). (Island of Cozumel.) 



Piranga roseo-gularis cozumelse, adult male (p. 99) 

 cc. Pileum, wings, and tail dull olive-greenish; throat and under tail-coverts pale 

 yellowish. (Females and immature males.) 

 d. Olive-green of pileum and yellow of throat brighter; wing averaging 78, 

 tail 62.5. 

 Piranga roseo-gularis roseo-gularis, adult female and immature male (p 98) 

 dd. Olive-green of pileum duller, yellow of throat paler; wing averaging 75, 

 tail 64. 



Piranga roseo-gularis cozumelEe, adult female and immature male (p. 99) 

 hb. Lores black or dusky; no white orbital ring; sides of head and neck red or 

 olive-green (ear-coverts sometimes grayish), breast and sides red or yellow; 

 rump red, olive-greenish, or olive-grayish, 

 c. Wing with two whits bands; edge of wing dusky. [Piranga Imcoptera.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 79 



d. General color bright red; wings, scapulars, tail, forehead, lores, and orbits 

 (usually chin also) black. 

 e. Wing-bands narrower, the anterior one 3-4.6 wide, the posterior one 

 incomplete (on innermost greater coverts only). (Southern Mexico to 

 British Honduras and Salvador. ) 



Firanga lencoptera leucoptera, adult male (p 99) 

 ee. Wing-bands broader, the anterior one 5.1-7.6 wide, the posterior one com- 

 plete (extending across all the greater coverts) . ( Costa Rica, Chiriqui, 



and Veragua. ) Piranga leucoptera latifasciata, adult male (p. 101 ) 



dd. General color olive-green above, yellow below; wings, scapulars, and tail 

 dusky grayish, more or less tinged or edged with olive-green. 

 e. Wing bands narrower. .Piranga leucoptera leucoptera, adult female (p. 100) 

 ee. Wing bands broader. .Piranga leucoptera latifasciata, adult female (p. 101) 

 cc. Wing without white bands; edge of wing yellow. {Piranga erythrocephala.) 

 d. Pileum scarlet; throat and sides of head pinkish red; rest of plumage yel- 

 lowish olive-green above, bright yellow below. (Mexican plateau. ) 



Piranga erythrocephala, adult male (p. 102) 

 dd. Pileum yellowish oUve-green, rest of upper parts duller (more grayish) 

 olive-green; under parts dull yellow, much paler posteriorly. 



Piranga erythrocephala, adult female (p. 102) 



PIRANGA RUBRA RUBRA (Linnaeus). 

 SUMMER TANAGER. 



Adult male {suminer and winter). — Above plain dull red (dark dull 

 poppy red), brighter or clearer on pileum, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts; remiges, primary coverts, and alula grayish brown (hair 

 brown) edged with dull red; under parts clear rich vermilion or poppy 

 red, the axillars and under wing-coverts paler, more pinkish; bill light 

 brownish with paler tomia; iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in 

 dried skins); length (skins), 162.6-182.9 (170.7); wing, 92.5-99.6 (95.5); 

 tail, 71.1-74.7 (72.4); exposed culmen, 16.8-19.3 (17.6); depth of bill at 

 base, 9.4-10.4 (9.9); tarsus, 18.3-19.8 (19.3); middle toe, 12.7-14.7 (14).' 



Adult female (summefr and winter). — Above plain yellowish olive- 

 green, more yellowish on pileum, lower rump, and upper tail-coverts, 

 the back and scapulars sometimes tinged with grayish; primaries 

 grayish brown with light yellowish olive-green edgings; lores pale 

 yellowish graj'; an indistinct orbital ring of light dull yellow; under 

 parts dull yellow (wax yellow or dull maize yellow), the under tail- 

 coverts purer yellow (chrome yellow); bill and feet as in adult male; 

 length(skins),165.1-182.9(173.5); wing, 88. 9-95.8(91.9); tail, 66.5-73.9 

 (70.1); exposed culmen, 17.5-18.3 (18); depth of bill at base, 9.9-10.7 

 (10.2); tarsus, 18.5-19.8 (18.8); middle toe, 13.2-14 (13.5).' 



Young male i/n first OMtwmn. — Similar to the adult female, but more 

 richly colored, the under tail-coverts deep chrome or pale cadmium 

 yellow, the general color of upper parts more ochraceous, with pileum, 

 upper tail-coverts, tail, and edges of primaries tinged with dull orange 

 or orange-ochraceous. 



* E'ght specimens. ^ Five specimens. 




80 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Young nude in nestling pluiiiCbge} — Pileum and hindneck dull olive- 

 buffy, distinctly and broadly streaked with dusky; back and scapulars 

 more olivaceous, more broadly and less distinctly streaked with dull 

 grayish dusky, rump pale dull buffy, changing to a more fulvous hue 

 on upper tail-coverts, both distinctly streaked with dusky; tail 

 cinnamon-brown, the edges of the feathers more reddish; middle wing- 

 coverts grayish dusky, broadly margined with light yellowish buff; 

 greater coverts dull grayish, edged with olivaceous and broadly tipped 

 with light yellowish buff, producing a distinct band across wing; 

 secondaries olivaceous, their terminal margins paler and more yellow- 

 ish, the inner webs dusky; primaries similar, but outer webs becom- 

 ing orange-brownish basally; auriculars uniform olivaceous; sides of 

 neck dull light buff, streaked with dusky grayish, like nape; under 

 parts white, stained here and there with buffy yellowish, and every- 

 where streaked, most conspicuously on chest, breast, and sides, with 

 grayish dusky; lower tail-coverts orange- buff, with narrow dusky 

 mesial streaks. 



Yowng female in nestling plumage. — Similar to the young male, as 

 described above, but tail olivaceous and edgings to primaries without 

 reddish tinge. 



[The only seasonal difference of color in this species is the greater 

 intensity of the colors in autumn and winter, the opposite extreme 

 being represented in midsummer specimens. Immature males are 

 variously intermediate in plumage between the plumage of the adult 

 female and that of the adult male, the relative proportion of i"ed and 

 yellowish varying according to age, several years being required for 

 attainment of the full plumage. Adult females not unf requently show 

 touches of red, sometimes a considerable amount of this color, but 

 such females may be distinguished from immature males by the duller 

 color of the red.] 



Eastern United States in summer, breeding from the Gulf States 

 (Florida to eastern Texas) north to southern New Jersey and south- 

 eastern Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, central Indiana (north to Vigo, 

 Parke, Vermilion, and Franklin counties), central Illinois, southern 

 Iowa, etc.; casual or occasional visitant north to Nova Scotia, New 

 Brunswick (Grand Myiarchusnan), Myiarchusine (Wiscasset), Connecticut (Port- 

 land; Saybrook), Ontario (Hamilton; Listowell), etc.; in winter south 

 to Bahamas (New Providence and Andros islands), Cuba, eastern 

 Mexico, Central America, and to Ecuador (numerous records), eastern 

 Peru (Rio Huallaga), Trinidad, and British Guiana (Eoraima). 



[Fringilla] rubra LinnjEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 181 (based on Smnmer Sed- 



bird, Mmcicapa rubra Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 56, pi. 56. ) 

 \_Myiarchusscicapa'\ rubra Linnjeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 326. 



' Described from no. 2084, coll. C. W. Beckham, Bardstown, Kentucky, June 21, 

 1886. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 81 



Piranga ™6ra Vieillot, Ois. Am., Sept., i, 1807, p. iv.— American Oenitholo- 

 GiSTs' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 610.— Feeraei-Perez, Proo. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., ix., 1886, 140 (Chietla and Huexotitla, Puebla, Dec, Nov.).— Cory, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 198 (West Indian refeJ-ences); Birds W. I,, 1889, 85 (do.); 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 114, 131 (New Providence, Bahamas; Cuba).— 

 Butcher, Auk, iii, 1886, 442 (Long Island records).— Beckham, Auk, iii, 

 1886,487 (Bardstown, Kentucky; descr. young male). —Zelbdon, Anal. Myiarchuss. 

 Nac, Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Jimenez, San Jos6, San Myiarchusteo, Alajuela, etc., 

 Costa Rica; Chiriqui; Panama).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 324 (Tarpon Springs, 

 s. w. Florida, breeding; Key West and Punta Rassa, migr.).- Meaens, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 55' (Highland Falls, s. e. New York, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 12, 1883).— 

 LooMyiarchuss, Auk, vii, 1890, 125 (Chester County, South Carolina, up to 2,000 

 ft.).— Warkbn, Birds Pennsylvania, 1890, 252 (West Chester, 3 specs.. Myiarchusy 

 25 and Oct. 10).— Noetheop, Auk, viii, 1891, 70 (Andros I., Bahamas, 1 spec, 

 Apr. 19).— Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 499 (summer resid., rare in w. part).— 

 MyiarchusIlweaith, Birds Ontario, 1892, 335 (near Hamilton, 1 spec. Myiarchusy, 1885).— 

 Kells, Trans. Canad. Inst., iii, 1892, 35 (Listowell, County Perth, Ontario, 

 rare) .— Cherrie, Auk, ix, 1892, 25 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Oct. 7 to Jan. 10).— 

 Sage, Auk, x, 1893, 303 (Portland, Connecticut, 1 spec, Apr. 28, 1893).— 

 Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 490 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 

 late Oct. to Apr. 13).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 30 (Trini- 

 dad). — Claek, Auk, xii, 1895, 306 (Saybrook, Connecticut, 1 spec, Apr. 

 27).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 12, pi. 19.— Knight, Bull. 

 Univ. Myiarchusine, no. 3, 1897, 104(Wiscas8et, Lincoln County, Myiarchusine, Ispec). — 

 Butlee, Birds Indiana, 1897, 988 (north to Vigo, Parke, and Vermilion 

 counties; Brookville). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., xii, 1898, 141 (Santa 

 Myiarchusrta, Colombia). 



Pliranga] rubra Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 454. 



Tanagra misisippica Her.mann, Tab. Aff. Anim., 1783, 214 (based on Tangara, du 

 Myiarchussissippi Buffon, PI. Eni., pi. 741). 



[_Tanagra\ mississippiensh Omelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 889 (based on Tangara, du 

 Myiarchusssissippi Buffon, PI. EnL, pi. 741).— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 421.— 

 Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 30. — Beehm, Handb. Stub. u. Hausvog., 

 1832, 392. 



P[yranga'] missisippends Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 272 (crit.; habits). 



Tanagra coceinea Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 46 (based on Tangara, du Myiarchuss- 

 sissippi Buiton, PL EnL, pi. 741). 



P[yranga'] coceinea Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 363. 



[Loxia] virginica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 849 (based on Yellow-bellied Gros- 

 beak Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. i, 1783, 125; =male in transition 

 plumage) . 



Loxia virginica Daudin, Traits d'Orn., ii, 1800, 383. 



[Tanagra'] sestiva Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 889 (based on Summer Red-bird, 

 Myiarchusscicapa rubra Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 56, pi. 56). — Latham, 

 Index Orn., ii, 1790, 422. 



Tanagra a:stiva WiisoN, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 95, pi. 6, figs. 3, 4.— Bonaparte, Journ. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 53; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 205.— Lichten- 

 stein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (see Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 56).— 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 232, pi. 44; v, 1839, 518.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 469. 



Pyranga xstiva Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 2d ed., xxviii, 1819, 291; 

 Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 799.— Bonapaete, Proc. Zool. Soc Lond., 1837, 117 

 (Guatemala) ; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 35.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 136; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 222, pi. 208,— D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hist, 



3654^voL 2—01 6 




82 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 76.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1848, 90 

 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz) ; xii, 1860, 140 (Turbo, n. Colombia, Apr.).— Jakdine, 

 Contr. Orn., 1850, 67 (Bermudas).— Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 

 156 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 123 (monogr.), 142 (Boquete, Chiriqui), 303 

 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1858, 73 (Ecuador), 358 (Honduras); 1859, 364 

 (Jalapa), 377 (Oaxaca); 1860, 65 (Pallatanga, e. Ecuador), 293 (Esmer- 

 aldas, w. Ecuador); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 47; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 80 (Pallatanga, e. Ecuador; Colombia; Guatemala) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 182 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Cozumel I., Yucatan; Dueiias, Choctum, 

 Chisec, Tactic, Savana Grande, and Livingston, Guatemala; San Pedro, Hon- 

 duras; Chontales, Nicaragua; Nicoya, Atiro, and Irazii, Costa Eica; Chiriqui; 

 Calovevora and Santa F6, Veragua; Ch^po and Panama, Isth. Panama; 

 Santa Myiarchusrta, Medellin, prov. Antioquia, and Bogota, Colombia; Sarayacu, 

 Rio Napo, and Pallatanga, Ecuador; Eoraima, Brit. Guiana). — Baied, Eep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 301; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 221; Rep. 

 TJ. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 11 (San Antonio and Browns- 

 ville, Texas, etc.). — Sclatee and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 15 (Rio Dulce, Yzabal, 

 Quirigua, Dueiias, etc., Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama R. R.); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras); 1879, 502 (Colom- 

 bia).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). — Gundlach, 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 328 (Cuba); 1872, 421 (Cuba); Repert. Fisico-Nat. 

 Cuba, i, 1866, 237.— Lawbence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui); ix, 1868, 99 (Costa Eica); 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 19 (Chihuitan and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, 

 Nov., Jan.). — Deessee, Ibis, 1865, 479 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding). — 

 Lbotaud, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 290.— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 139 (Santa F6, Veragua; David, Chiriqui); 1870, 187 (localities in Veragua); 

 1872, 816 (Chontales, Nicaragua).— Bdtchee, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 

 149 (Laredo, Texas, Aug.).— Ridgway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 130 

 (crit); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 164. — Feantzius, Journ. fur Orn., 

 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).— Sumicheast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 548 

 (Vera Cruz). — Myiarchusynakd, Naturalists' Guide, 1870, 109 (Myiarchusssachusetts); 

 Birds, E. N. Am., 1885, 87.— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 326 (Colombia).— Coces, 

 Check List, 1873, no. 108; 2d ed., 1882, no. 155; Birds N. W., 1874, 82, part.^ 

 Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5. — Baied, Bkewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, pi. 20, figs. 5, 6.— Meeeiam, Trans. Conn. Ac. Sci., iv, 1877, 

 27 (Connecticut; Rhode Island). — MyiarchusCauley, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. 

 Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 662 (Wolf and Canadian rivers, n. Texas) .—Puedie, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (near Providence, Rhode Island; one 

 spec). — Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 14 

 (Hidalgo, Texas, Apr., Myiarchusy); v, 1879, 388 (Lometa, Texas, breeding).- 

 Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 126 (Ft. Brown, Texas, breeding).— 

 Beewek, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 213 (Chester, South Carolina, 

 breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Teottee, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 235 (accidental near Philadelphia). — Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 200 

 (Atanques, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, alt. 4,000 ft., Feb.); 1880,121 

 (Santa Myiarchusrta); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 289.— Nehkling, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 12 (s. e. Texas; breeding).— Batoheldee, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 249 (Grand Myiarchusnan, New Brunswick, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 

 12 or 14, 1881).— Boucaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 443 (Valladolid, 

 Yucatan). — Beelepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 

 546 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador, Oct. to Dec).— Beelepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1884, 292 (Buoaramanga, Colombia).— MyiarchusIlweaith, Auk, i, 1884, 390 (Hamil- 

 ton, Ontario, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 20).— Taczanowski and Beelepsch, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Myiarchuschay, centr. Ecuador, Feb.).— Taczanowski, Orn.du 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 83 



P6rou, ii, 1885, 494.— Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. ZooL, etc., Torino, 



XV, no. 357, 1899, 18 (Pan, e. E:;uador, Feb.; Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. 



Ecuador, Nov.). 

 [Pyranga'] sestiva Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 241, part.— Cohes, Key N. Am. 



Birds, 1872, 111.— Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part.- 



CoEY, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Plyranga] xstiva Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 104 (n. e. Illinois; rare 



summer resid.).— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 

 [Piranga] xstiva Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6836. 

 Pyranga sistiva var. xstim Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hiat. N. Amer. Birds, 



i, 1874, 441. 

 [Pyranga xstiva] a. xstiva Ooues, Birds N. W., 1874, 82 (synonymy). 

 [Pyranga xstiva cooperi] a. xstiva Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 353 (synonymy). 

 Pyranga xstiva xstiva Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 20, 1883, 339. 

 [PJioenisoma] aestiva Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 

 Phoeniwma aestiva Oabanis, Journ. f iir Orn. , 1860, 329 (Costa Rica) . 

 Ph[oenicosoma'] aestiva Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 25. 

 Phoenicosoma aestiva Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 477 (Cuba); 1861, 409 



(Cuba). 

 [Phoenicosoma'] aestivum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., ill, 1876, 109. 

 [Tanagra] variegata Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 421 (based on Tanagra missis- 



sippiensis and Loxia virginioa Gmelin; =male in transition plumage) . 

 Pyranga livida Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 438 (Real del Monte, 

 Hidalgo, Mexico). 



PIRANGA RUBRA COOPERI Ridgway. 



WESTERN SUMMER TANAGER. 



Similar to P. r. ruhra, but decidedly larger, with coloration paler; 

 adult male dull vermilion above (clearer on pileum, rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts), clear light vermilion beneath; adult female pale olive- 

 grayish above, tinged with olive-yellowish on back and scapulars, pale 

 chrome or pale gamboge yellow beneath. 



Ackdt mffiZe.— Length (skins), 167.6-190.5 (179.6); wing, 93-106.2 

 (100.3); tail, 75.7-85.9 (80.5); exposed culmen, 18.3-19.8 (19.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7-10.9 (10.4); tarsus, 18.3-21.3 (20.3); middle toe 

 with claw, 14-16.5 (15).^ 



Adult fenmle.—'Le'agt]! (skins), 177.8-199.4(188.5); wing, 96.5-102.1 

 (98.6); tail, 74.9-82.8 (79); exposed culmen, 19.3-20.3 (19.8); depth of 

 bill at base, 10.7; tarsus, 19.8-21.1 (20.6); middle toe, 14.6-16 (16.2).' 

 Southwestern United States, from middle Texas through western 

 Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to the lower Colorado Valley, Cali- 

 fornia; south through western Mexico to the state of Colima; north, 

 casually (?) to Colorado (Denver). 



Pyranga xstiva (not Tanagra xstiva Gmelin) Woodhousb, in Rep. Sitgreaves' 

 Expl. Zuni and Colorado, 1853, 82, part (Texas; New Mexico).— Henry, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 312 (New Mexico); xi, 1859, 106 

 (do.).— Heeemann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, no. 1, 1859, 17 (Texas).— 

 Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1861, 162 (Ft. Yuma, Arizona).— Coues, Ibis, 

 1865, 159 (New Mexico); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 71 (Ari- 

 zona).— Finsch, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem., i, 1870, 338 (Myiarchuszatlan). 



' Ten specimens. ^ Six specimens. 




84 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Pyranga hepatica (not of Swainson) ConES, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi. Phila., xviu, 1866, 

 /I, part (Los Pines, New Mexico). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, iii, 1874, 508 (Tucson, Arizona; descr. nest and eggs). 



Pyranga cooperi Ridgway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxi, June, 1869, 130 (Los 

 Pinos, New Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.),— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 142 

 (Ft. Mojave, California; Los Piiios; Myiarchuszatlan, Colima). — Baikd, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pi. 20, figs. 1, 2. — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 290 (Myiarchuszatlan; Presidio, near 

 Myiarchuszatlan; Colima). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 184 (Presidio). 



[Piranga] cooperi Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 61, no. 6847. 



Pyranga lestiva . . var. cooperi Ooues, Check List, 1873, no. 108(i. — Henshaw, 

 Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 60 (Denver, Colorado), 108 (Gila R., 

 Arizona); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 239, pis. 2, 3 (Denver; Gila 

 and San Francisco rivers, Arizona). 



Pyranga sestiva, var. cooperi Baihd, Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 444. 



Pyranga wstiva var. cooperi Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 273 

 (Myiarchuszatlan). 



[Pyranga .-estiva] b. cooperi Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 82 (synonymy). 



Pyranga a^tiva cooperi Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 352, part (excl. synonymy 

 under "a. lestiea"); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 156. — Ridgway, Nom. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1881, no. 164a.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 147 

 (near Tucson, Arizona; Rio Grande and Gila R., New Mexico; measure- 

 ments, etc. ); Auk, ii, 1885, 198 (Camp Lowell, Arizona; descr. young, etc.). 



P [yranga'] alestival cooperi Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 



Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 354. — 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 610a. — Mobcom, 

 Bull. Ridgw. Orn. CI., no. 2, 1887, 50 (Yuma, Arizona). — Scott, Auk, v, 

 1888, 30 (Tucson, Riverside, Florence, Myiarchusneral Creek, San Pedro Valley, 

 and Sierra Santa Catalina, Arizona, up to 4,000 ft.) . 



P [iranga] rubra cooperi Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 454 



PIRANGA HEPATICA Swainson. 

 HEPATIC TANAGER. 



Adult male in summer. — Pileum dull scarlet or orange-vermilion, 

 brightest on forehead and superciliary region, duller toward hindneck; 

 back and scapulars light grayish brown, tinged with red; lesser wing- 

 coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts more reddish than back (dull 

 brownish orange- red); wings grayish brown with pale reddish edgings 

 (nearly vinaceous-cinnamon on greater coverts and tertials, dilute 

 orange-rufous on primaries); tail light brown with edgings of light 

 dull orange-red; lores dusky grayish; auriculars light reddish gray 

 (mi I'h like color of back and scapulars) with narrow shaft-streaks of 

 whitish anteriorly; under parts flame scarlet, passing into pale reddish 

 gray on flanks; maxilla blackish, mandible grayish (light bluish gray 

 in life?); iris brown, legs and feet horn color in dried skins, bluish 

 gray in life. 



Adult Tuale vn autumn and winter. — Plumage softer; back and scap- 

 ulars more strongly tinged with brownish gray; red of under parts less 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 85 



bright, rather pale vermilion than orange-scarlet, some of the feathers 

 (especially on breast) with paler tips. 



Adult female in SMm?7zer.— Pileum yellowish olive-green, becoming 

 yellow on supraloral region, passing gradually into dull olive-grayish 

 on back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts, the last more tinged 

 with olive-yellowish; wings darker brownish gray with paler edgings, 

 these pale olive-grayish (tinged with yellowish) on greater coverts and 

 tertials, light yellowish olive-green or almost yellow on primaries and 

 proximal secondaries; tail dull grayish olive with yellowish olive-green 

 edgings; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions dull grayish; under 

 parts mainly yellow, brightest (gamboge or chrome) on throat, palest 

 (canary yellow) on under tail-coverts, the sides tinged with grayish 

 olive, passing into light yellowish gray on flanks; bill, feet, etc., as in 

 adult male. 



Adult female in autumn amd winter. — Similar to the summer female, 

 but plumage softer and coloration rather brighter. 



Young., nestling jp^Mmagre.— Conspicuously streaked beneath with 

 dusky on a pale buffy ground, more indistinctly streaked above on a 

 grayish olive ground; middle and greater wing-coverts margined ter- 

 minally with buff; otherwise like adult female.' 



Adult TOoZe.— Length (skins), 175.3-198.1^ (186.2); wing, 100.6- 

 104.9 (102.6;; tail, 79.2-85.6 (81.5); exposed culmen, 16.8-18.5 (17.5); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.9-11.4 (10.4); tarsus, 22.4-23.9 (22.6); middle 

 toe, 15.2-17.5 (16).' 



^^wfe/t^mafe.— Length (skins), 175.3-196.9 (186. 9);* wing, 97.8-101.3 

 (99.3); tail, 74.7-84.8 (79.8); exposed culmen, 17-18 (17.5); depth of 

 bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 21.8-23.4 (22.6); middle toe, 

 15.5-16.8 (16).' 



Mexican plateau, and northward to northwestern Arizona (confluence 

 of Beaverdam River and Rio Virgin) and southern New Mexico- 

 highlands of Guatemala. 



Pyranga hepatica Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 438 (Real del Monte, 

 Hidalgo, Mexico). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 124 (monogr.); 

 1857, 213 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); 1858, 303 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 364 

 (Jalapa, Vera Oruz), 377 (Talea, Villa Alta, and Choapam, Oaxaca); 1864, 

 373 (Valley of Mexico); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 48; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 81 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 186.— Baied, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv. ix, 1858, 302 (Zuni and Fort Thorn, New Mexico); ed. 

 1860 ("Birds N. Am." ), atlas, pi. 31; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 222.— Ken- 

 NERLY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 30, pi. 31 (San Francisco Mts., Ari- 

 zona). -Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— 

 Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 15 (Guatemala) — Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. 



' The specimen described lacks the head. 



^Length before skinning about 208.3 



' Seven specimens, from Arizona and New Mexico. 



* Length before skinning about 198.1-205.7. 



' Five specimen, from Arizona and New Mexico. 




86 BULLETrN 50, UNITED STATES NATIOKAL MUSEUM. 



Sci. Phila., 1866, 71 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 109; 2d 

 ed. 1882, no. 157; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 355.— Ridgway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1869, 132 (crit.) ; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 163.— Sumichrast, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (Vera Cruz, from coast up to 10,000 ft.)— 

 DuGEs, La Naturaleza, i, 1870, 140 (Guanajuato). — Coopek, Orn. Cal., 1870, 

 144 (Arizona, etc.). — Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 274 (Sierra 

 Myiarchusdre, bet. Myiarchuszatlan and Durango); Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 19 

 (Guichicovi, Oaxaca, Sept.; GinetaMts., Chiapas, Jan.). — Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 440, pi. 20, figs. 9, 10.— Henshaw, 

 Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 108 (Apache, etc., Arizona; habits); 

 Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 237 (Apache, Willow Springs, Rock 

 Canon, Bowie i gency. Camp Crittenden, etc. , Arizona; habits; descr. nest) . — 

 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 68, (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona); 

 vii, 1882, 146 (Santa Rita Mts., Arizona; measurements, etc.) ; Auk, ii, 1885, 

 197 (Santa Rita Mts. ; descr. young female). — Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 



1882, 192 (Guatemala). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 



1883, 291. 



\_Pyranga] hepatica Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. — CouBS, 

 Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 112. 



Plyranga} hepatica Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 



[Piranga] hepatica Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6838. 



Piranga hepatica American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 609. — 

 Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 140 (Tezuitlan, Puebla, 

 Nov.).— Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 30 (Sierra Santa Catalina, oak belt, 5,000 ft.; 

 remarks on plumage, etc.). — Mearns, Auk, vii, 1890, 260 ( MogoUon Mts. , 

 Arizona, breeding in pine belt). — Anthony, Auk, ix, 1892, 366 (Apache, s. 

 w. New Mexico). — Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 779 (Barranca 

 Ibarra, Jalisco, Myiarchusr. 10). — Fisher, North Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 109 (con- 

 fluence of Beaverdara and Rio Virgin, n. w. Arizona)., — Nehrling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 17.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 

 40 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft.). 



P[iranga'] hepatica Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 455. 



\_Pyranga hepatica'] var. hepatica Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway*, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 434. 



Phloenicosoma^ hepatica Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 25 (Jalapa). 



IPhoenicosoma^ hepatiaim Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110. 



Pyranga azarse (not of D'Orbigny) Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and 

 Col. R., 1853, 82 (San Francisco Mts., Arizona). 



PIRANGA TESTACEA TESTACEA Sclater and Salvin. 

 BKICK-RED TANAOER, 



Achilt male. — Above uniform rich brownish red/ most intense on 

 pileum ; remiges duslsy grayish brown, edged with lighter red (dragon's 

 blood) ; under parts bright orange-vermilion, shaded laterally and (more 

 slightly) across chest with darker brownish red; lores dull brownish 

 gray; eyelids light red; maxilla blaciiish with paler tomia; mandible 

 grayish, becoming dusky at tip; legs and feet horn color (in dried 

 skins): length (skins), 175.3-188 (181.6); wing, 89.4-93.5 (91.9); tail, 

 72.4-77 (76.4); exposed culmen, 18.3-18.8 (18.5); depth of bill at base, 

 10.7-11.4 (11.2); tarsus, 20.6-22.6 (21.3); middle toe, 18.5-15.7 (14.7).' 



' About intermediate between madder brown and burnt sienna. 

 " Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 87 



Advlt female.—KhoNQ bright yellowish olive-green, below yellowish 

 olive-green laterally and on chest (the latter paler and more yellowish), 

 the throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts dear yellow (lemon yellow)' 

 the first sometimes tinged with orange; length (skins), 157.5-177 8 

 (169.4); wing, 81.3-88.1 (84.6); tail, 66.8-74.9 (72.4); exposed culmen, 

 16.5-20.1 (18.5); depth of bill at base, 10.2-11.4 (10.9); tarsus, 20.3- 

 22.9 (21.3); middle toe, 14-15 (14. 5). ^ 



Nicaragua (Chontales) to Colombia ("Bogota"). (South to central 

 Peru and Bolivia?^) 



Pyranga hepatica (not of Swainson) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 139 

 (Santa F^, Veragua). 



Pyranga iestacea Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 388 (Chitra, 

 Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman); 1879, 502 (Antioqaia, Colombia).— 

 EiDGWAY, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 133, part (Angostura, Costa Rica; 

 Veragua).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 (Chitra, Boquete de 

 Chitra, and Calovevora, Veragua).— Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 

 1882, 7.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 292, part, 

 pi. 19, figs. 1, 2 (Chontales, Nicaragua; Angostura, Costa Rica; localities in 

 Veragua; Colombia).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 184, part 

 (Chontales, Nicaragua; Costa Eica; Chitra and Santa Fe, Veragua; Concor- 

 dia and Antioquia, .Colombia). 



[Pyranga} testacea Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. 



[Pyranga saira} var. iestacea Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 434, part (Angostura, Costa Rica; Veragua). 



Piranga Iestacea Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Pozo Azul 

 de Pirris, Naranjo de Cartago and Cartago, Costa Rica). 



Pliranga'] testacea Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 455. 



[Phcenicosoma'] testaceum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 111. 



PIRANGA TESTACEA FIGLINA (Salvin and Godman). 

 BELIZE TANAGER. 



Similar to P. t. testacea, but wing and tail longer and coloration 

 duller; adult male with red of upper parts lighter (approaching 

 chestnut-rufous), that of under parts lighter and duller (approach- 

 ing orange- rufous), with the darker shading on chest and sides less 

 pronounced; auricular region more or less brownish, with fine shaft- 

 streaks of paler, instead of uniform or nearly uniform dark red, like 

 pileum; adult female rather lighter yellowish olive-green above, with 

 auricular region much duller and with fine shaft-streaks of whitish, 

 instead of uniform yellowish olive-green, like pileum. 



Adult iiiale.— 'Length (skins), 170.2-182.9 (174.8); wing, 88.4-99.1 

 (94.7); tail, 70.9-79.6 (76.7); exposed culmen, 17.8-19.3 (18.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.4-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 21.1-22.6 (21.3); middle toe, 

 15.2-16.3 (15.7).' 



' Six specimens. 



^ I have not seen specimens from south of Bogota, but there are rather numerous 

 records for Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. I suspect that the bird from Chontales, Nic- 

 aragua, may be P. t. figlina, or at least an intermediate between the two forms. 



* Seven specimens. 




88 



BULLETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult fenude.^Ijength (skins), 167.6-177.8 (171.7); wing, 80.8-95.8 

 (87.1); tail, 64.3-78.7 (70.6); exposed culmen, 17-17.5 (17.3) depth 

 of bill at base, 10.4-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 20.8-21.3 (21.1); middle toe, 

 15-15.2 (15.2).' 



Guatemalan specimens have the wing and tail longer, average measurements being 

 as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen, 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



Tarsus. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Five adult males from central Guatemala 



One adult male from British Honduras (Myiarchusnatee 

 E.) 



One adult male from southern Honduras (Sego- 

 via R.) 



FEMALES. 



One adult female from central Guatemala 



Two adult females from southern Honduras (Se- 

 govia E. ) 



96.5 

 92.2 

 88.4 



95.8 

 82.8 



78.2 

 73.9 

 70.9 



78.7 

 66.5 



18.3 

 18.8 

 17.8 



17 

 17.5 



10.9 

 10.9 

 10.9 



10.4 

 10.9 



21.6 

 22.4 

 22.6 



20.8 

 21.1 



15.7 

 16.2 

 15.7 



15.2 

 15 



Central Guatemala (pine-ridge of Poctun) to southern Honduras 

 (Segovia River). ^ 



Pyranga testacea (not of Sclater and Salvin) Ridgway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 



1869, 133, part (Rio Myiarchusnati and Belize, British Honduras). — Boucard, Liste 



Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. 

 IPyraiigcc] testacea Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part 



(Honduras). 

 [Pyranga saira] var. testacea Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway' s Hist. 



N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 434, part (Rio Myiarchusnati and Belize, British Honduras). 

 Pyranga figlina Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 37, Dec. 1883, 



293 (Myiarchusnati R., British Honduras; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Sclater, Cat. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 185 (pine-ridge of Poctun, Guatemala). 

 Piranga figlina Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., s, 1888, 585 (Segovia E., 



Honduras) . 

 P[iran£ra] figlina Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 455. 



PIRANGA ERYTHROMELAS (Vieillot). 

 SCARLET TANAGER. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Uniform intense scarlet or 

 scarlet- vermilion,' the scapulars, wings, and tail uniform deep black;* 

 under wing-coverts white (sometimes tinged with scarlet), with a broad 



' Three specimens. 



^ While the specimens from Segovia River have decidedly shorter wings and tail 

 than those from Guatemala, the coloration of the examples seen is decidedly that of 

 the present form. 



'The red varies considerably, being sometimes of a flame-scarlet or almost orange 

 hue; more rarely the red is replaced by orange-yellow. 



■•The middle wing-coverts arfe sometimes marked with red, orange, or yellow, 

 rarely forming a broad and conspicuous band. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 89 



outer margin of black; bill (in life) grayish blue basally, dull yellow- 

 isli green terminally; iris brown; legs and feet (in life) pale lavender 

 gray or lilaceous grayish blue. 



Adult male in fall and winter. — Wings and tail black, as in summer; 

 rest of upper parts yellowish olive-green, more yellowish on forehead 

 and crown; under parts yellow (gamboge), shaded with olive-green 

 laterally. 



Adidt female in spring and summer. — Above yellowish olive-green, 

 usually somewhat more grayish on back and scapulars, especially the 

 latter; wings (except lesser coverts and tail) dusky brownish gray 

 with olive-greenish edgings; under parts light yellow (about interme- 

 diate between citron or sulphur and canary), shaded laterally with 

 olive-greenish; under tail-coverts clear canary yellow; under wing- 

 coverts grayish white (sometimes slightly tinged with pale yellow), 

 with broad outer margin of grayish olive-green or dull olive-grayish; 

 bill (in dried skins) horn color, the mandible paler; iris brown; legs 

 and feet (in dried skins) grayish horn-color (bluish gray in life?). 



Young male in first aidumn. — Similar to adult female but yellow of 

 under parts rather clearer, and middle and greater w ing-coverts mar- 

 gined terminally with light yellow; the black first appearing (by mid- 

 dle of September) on lesser and middle wing-coverts and scapulars. 



Young male., nestling pluiiuige. — Above olive-greenish, faintly mot- 

 tled with dusky; wings and tail grayish dusky with olive-green edg- 

 ings, the middle wing-coverts and outer webs of greater coverts tipped 

 with olive-yellowish, producing two rather distinct bands; under 

 parts white, tinged with sulphur yellow posteriorly (the under tail- 

 coverts canary yellow), the chest, upper breast, and sides broadly 

 streaked with grayish dusky. 



Adult mMe.— Length (skins), 158.8-171.5 (163.6);' wing, 91.9-99.3 

 (95.8); tail, 65-71.6(68.3); exposed culmen, 14.5-15.7 (15.2); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.9-9.7 (9.4); tarsus, 19.6-20.8 (19.8); middle toe, 13.2- 

 15.5 (14). ' 



Adidtfe^nale.— Length (skins), 157.5-170.2 (165.1);' wing, 87.6-94.5 

 (92.7); tail, 64-70.4 (67.1); exposed culmen, 14.5-15.7 (15); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.1-9.4 (8.9); tarsus, 17.8-20.8 (19.6); middle toe, 13-14.7 

 (13.7).^ 



Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces, north 

 to New Brunswick (Grand Falls), Nova Scotia, northern Ontario (Parr/ 

 Sound, Myiarchusskoka, etc.), Myiarchusnitoba (Winnipeg, Assiniboine River, etc.), 

 breeding southward at least to Virginia, Kentucky, Myiarchusssouri, etc. (in 

 Allegheny Mountains to South Carolina); in winter migrating south- 

 ward to West Indies (Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Barbados; Antigua), 

 and through Mexico, Central America, and northern South America 



' Length before skinning, about 1 84. 2-190. 5. ^ Fourteen specimens. 



'Length before skinning, about 7-7.25. *Teu specimens. 




90 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



to Bolivia (Pillon) and central Peru; west, casually or occasionally to 

 eastern Colorado and Wyoming; accidental in Bermudas. 



Average measurements of eastern and western specimens are as follows: 



[_Tanagra] rubra {not oiFringillarubraljmns&uajllbS) LiNNiEUS, Syst. Nat. , ed. 12, 

 i, 1766, 314 (based on Cardincdis canadensis Brisson, Orn. , iii, 48 pi. 2, fig. 5). — 

 BoDDAEKT, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 10 (ex PI. Enl., pi. 156, fig. 1).— Gmeun, 

 Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 889.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 420. 



Tanagra niftra Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 42, pi. 11, figs. 3, 4. — Bonapakte, 

 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 53; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 105.— 

 Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 465. — Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 

 1832, 465.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 388, pi. 354, figs. 3, 4. 



Pyranga rubra Swainson and Richakdson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 273. — Jar- 

 dine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 192. — Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. 

 List, 1838, 35. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 136; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 

 226, pi. 209.— D'Okbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 78.— 

 GossE, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 235. — Jaedine, Contr. Orn. 1850, 67 (Bermudas). — 

 WooDHOusE, Eep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 82 (Indian Terri- 

 tory and Texas). — ScLATEE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 156 (Bogotd, Colom- 

 bia); 1856, 123 (monogr.); 1858, 73 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); Synop. Av. 

 Tanagr., 1856, 47j Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 80 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 

 Bogota); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi., 1886, 188 (Cozumel I., Yucatan; Vera Paz, 

 Guatemala; Irazii, Costa Rica; Calovevora, Veragua; Lion Hill, Panama 

 R. R. ; Bogota and Remedies, prov. Antioquia, Columbia; Sarayacu and Quito, 

 Ecuador; Pillon, Bolivia). — Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, 1858, 270 

 (upper Myiarchusssouri R.).— Baikd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 300; Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 220.— Willis, Smithsonian Rep. for 1858 (1859), 283 

 (Nova Scotia). — Myiarchusrtens, Journ. fiir Orn., 1859, 215 (Bermudas).— Brewer, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 vii, 1861, 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 99 (San Jos6, Costa 

 Rica).— GuNDLACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 328 (Cuba); 1872, 421 (do.); 

 Eepert Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 238.— Albrecht, Journ. fur Orn., 1862,197 

 (Jamaica).— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863, 296 (Jamaica).— 

 ScLATER and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill, Panama 

 E. R.); 1879, 501 (Colombia), 601 (Bolivia).— (?) Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 479 (El 

 Paso, Texas, breeding; very doubtful!)— MyiarchusIlwraith, Proc. Essex Inst, v, 

 1866, 86 (Hamilton, Ontario).— Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 

 550 (Vera Cruz).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 229 (San Jos6, Costa 

 Rica).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 (Calovevora, Veragua); 

 1872, 316 (Chontales, Nicaragua).— Trippe, Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 1871,117 

 (Myiarchusnnesota).— CouEs, Check List, 1873, no. 107; 2d ed. 1882, no. 154; Birds 

 N.W., 1874, 82; Bird Col. Val., 1878, 350, footnote (synonymy).— Allen, Bull. 

 Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175 (e. Kansas) .—Baied, Bkewkb, and Ridgway, 




BIRDS OV NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 91 



Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 435, pi. 20, figs. 7, 8.— Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc, Lond., 1874, 514 (centr. Peru).— Boucakd, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 

 55 (San Jos^, Oosta Rica, Apr.); 1883, 443 (Yucatan), — Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 62 (plumages of adult male). — Ridgway, Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 161.— Chamberlain, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 

 111 (Grand Falls, New Brunswick). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 287. — Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 326 (song). — Berlepsch, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1884, 292 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). — Taczanowski and Ber- 

 lepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Myiarchuschay, centr. Ecuador, Dec.)— 

 AgeSsborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding. ) 

 [Piranga] rubra Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6835. 

 [Pyranga^ rubra Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 111. — Sclater and Salvin, 



Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Plyrangal rubra Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. — Coues, Key 



N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 

 Piranga rubra Mesriau, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 25, 1884, 283 (Bermudas, 1 



spec, Apr. 18, 1881). 

 P[h(«n.isoma'] rubra Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 

 Phloenicosoma'] rubra Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 24. 

 Phoenicosoma rubra Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 477 (Cuba). 

 {Phoenicosoma'] rubrum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110. 

 Pyranga erythromelas Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 293, pi. 22, 



fig. 1 (based on Tanagra rubra Latham, etc.). 

 Pyranga etythromelas [err. typ.] Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 800. 

 Piranga erythromelas American Ornithologists' Union, Check List., 1886, no. 

 608. — Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 110 (mountains of w. North Carohna, 

 breeding up to 5,000 ft. ). — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 199 (West Indian references; 

 Cuba; Jamaica; Barbadoes); viii, 1891, 47 (Antigua); Birds W. I., 1889, 86; 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 114, 152 (New Providence and Andros, Bahamas; 

 Cuba; Jamaica; Tortola; Barbados). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 i, 1887, 109 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartage, Dota", and Barranca, Costa Eica). — 

 Bond, Auk, vi, 1889, 341 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, 2 specs.. Myiarchusy 28).— Scott, 

 Auk, vi, 1889, 324 (Tarpon Springs, s. w. Florida, migr.; Key West, Apr. 

 27 and 29); x, 1893, 180 (Jamaica).— Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 215.— 

 LooMyiarchuss, Auk, vii, 1890, 125 (mountains of South Carolina, breeding above 

 2,000 ft.); viii, 1891, 329 (Greenville Co., South Carolina, 2,000 ft.); x, 1893, 

 154 (remarks on plumage). — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1891, 

 608 (Winnipeg, Assiniboine R., etc., Myiarchusnitoba, rare summer resident).— 

 Goss, Birds, Kansas, 1891, 497 (summer resid. e. and mid. Kansas).— Rich- 

 mond, Proc. XJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 490 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 

 Sept. 27; Rio Frio, Costa Rica, Myiarchusr. 1, both in scarlet and black plumage!) .— 

 Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 2, pi. 25, fig. 1.— Cooke, Bull. 

 Col. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 1898, 167 (near Newcastle, Colorado, 2 specs, spring, 

 1892; Del Norte Valley, 1 spec. Sept., 1883) .—Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 

 42 (Parry Sound and Myiarchusskoka, n. Ontario, common summer resident). 

 Pliranga} erythromelas Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 454. 



PIRANGA LUDOVICIANA (Wilson). 

 LOUISIANA TANAGER. 



Adult male in summer. — Back, scapulars, wings, and tail black, the 

 first sometimes slightly mixed with yellow; posterior row of lesser 

 wing-coverts, middle coverts, broad tips to outer webs of greater 

 coverts, rump, upper tail-coverts, hindneck, and under parts of body 




92 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



jellow (lemon or gamboge to canary yellow), the tips to greater wing- 

 coverts usually paler yellow, sometimes whitish, and the hindneck 

 sometimes tinged with red; head (at least anteriorly), all round, red 

 (varying from orange-chrome to almost crimson on pileum, paler on 

 throat);^ under wing-coverts light yellow; bill (in life) dull wax yel- 

 lowish, darker and more brownish toward culmen; iris brown; legs 

 and feet (in life) bluish gray. 



Adult male in lo inter'. — Similar to the summer male but with head 

 yellow (or but slightly tinged with red), more or less obscured on 

 occiput and hindneck with olive-greenish or dusky tips to the feathers; 

 feathers of back usually more or less distinctly margined with yellow- 

 ish olive; tertials broadly margined terminally with white or pale 

 yellow, the rectrices also more or less broadly margined at tips with 

 white. ^ 



Adult female in summe)-. — Above olive-greenish, the back and scapu- 

 lars usually more or less tinged with gray, the rump and upper tail- 

 coverts more yellowish; wings grayish dusky with light olive-greenish 

 edgings (usually more grayish on primaries, primary coverts, and 

 alula); middle coverts broadly tipped with light yellow and outer 

 webs of greater coverts broadly tipped with paler yellow or white, 

 forming two distinct bands; tail grayish brown or olive, with yellowish 

 olive-green edgings; under parts dull yellowish (varying from pale 

 bully j'ellow to almost gamboge), the under tail-coverts clear canary 

 yellow or lemon yellow; anterior portion of head sometimes tinged 

 with red; hill, iris, and feet as in adult male. 



Young male in first autumn. — Similar to the adult female, but 

 clearer yellow below, and rump more decidedly yellowish. 



Young female infi/rst autumn. — Myiarchusch duller in color than the adult 

 female, the upper parts more brownish olive, the under parts much 

 obscured by light brownish olive; wing-bands much narrower, pale 

 yellowish buff, instead of yellow. 



Young male, first plumage. — Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts plain olive-green; wings dull blackish, 

 the middle and greater coverts margined terminally with yellow, the 

 greater coverts and tertials broadly edged with olive-green, the alula, 

 primarj'- coverts, and primaries narrowly edged with grayish olive, 

 the olive-green on edges of tertials passing into white terminally; tail 

 grayish dusky, with outer webs of rectrices edged with olive-green; 

 lores, orbits, malar region, and chin pale olive-yellow; throat and 

 chest pale grayish, the latter much tinged with olive-yellow; under 



' Usually the red of the throat is of an orange hue and does not extend beyond the 

 throat; but sometimes (in specimens from the eastern base of the Eocky Mountains) 

 it is of a bright, poppy red hue and extends over the chest. 



'' These white or pale yellow markings on tertials and rectrices are also present in 

 spring, or until worn off by exposure. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



93 



tail-coverts sulphur yellow; rest of under parts white, stained with 

 sulphur yellow, the breast streaked with dusky grayish. 



Adult male.—h&ngih. (skins), 157.5-176.6 (167.9)V wing, 9i.2-97.3 

 (95.8); tail, 67.1-75.7(71.4); exposed culmen, 11.5-15.7 (15); depth of 

 bill at base, 7.9-8.6 (8.1); tarsus, 19.6-21.3 (20.3); middle toe, 11-15.2 

 (11.7).'' 



Adult female.— IjQngth. (skins), 160-175.3 (169.2);^ wing, 89.9-98.6 

 (92.7); tail, 68.1-73.4 (70.6); exposed culmen, 13.5-16 (14.7); depth of 

 bill at base, 7.9-8.6 (8.1); tarsus, 20.1-20.8 (20.6); middle toe, 14-15 

 (14.5).' 



Western United States, from eastern base of Rocky Mountains to 

 Pacific coast, northward to British Columbia (Vancouver Island), Atha- 

 basca (Lake Athabaska; Chippewyan), Idaho, Montana, and western 

 Dakota. South in winter over greater part of Mexico to highlands of 

 Guatemala (Duenas; Volcan de Agua; Volcan de Fuego; Alotenango). 

 Straggling eastward during migration to more northern Atlantic 

 States (Lynn, Myiarchusssachusetts, January 20, 1878; Fort Montgomery, 

 New York, December 21, 1881; New Haven, Connecticut, December 

 16, 1892; Bangor, Myiarchusine, October 1, 1897), and near New Orleans, 

 Louisiana (Myiarchusrch 19, 1898). 



Tanagra ludovieiana Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 27, pi. 20, fig. 1 ("Louisiana," 

 i. e., some part of the territory at that date thus designated). — Bonaparte, 

 : Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 54 (crit.); Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 

 105. — NuTTALi,, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 471. — Ornithological 

 Committee, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1837, 193 (Columbia R.). — 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 385; v, 1839, 90, pi. 354, figs. 1, 2, and pi. 

 400, fig. 4.— TowNSEND, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 154. 



Pyranga ludovieiana Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., v, 1837, 175. — 

 Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 116 (Mexico); Geog. and Comp. 

 List, 1838, 35; Nuov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, ii, 1839, 344. — Audubon, Synop., 



^Length before skinning, about 190.5. 



" Twelve specimens. 



' Eight specimens. 



Specimens from the Rocky Mountain district have, as a rule, larger wings and tails 

 than those from California, and brighter coloration. Average measurements are as 

 follows: 




94 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1839, 137; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 231, pi. 210.— Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1856, 124 (monogr.); 1857, 213 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); 1859, 377 

 (Oaxaca); 1862, 19 (La Parada, Oaxaca) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 49; Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 81 (Southern United States); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 191 (Vancouver I.; Orizaba; off San Bias; Duenas, Guatemala).— 

 Baird, Rep. Pacific R. K. Surv., ix, 1858, 303; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 

 223.— XANT0S, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (FortTejon, California).— 

 Heermann, Eep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. iv, 1859, 52 (Posa Creek and 

 Tejon Valley, California). — Sclatek and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 15 (Alotenango, 

 Volcan de Agua, Volcan deFuego, alt. 5,000 ft., andVeraPaz, Guatemala).— 

 Cooper and Suckley, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 182 (Fort 

 Steilacoom, Puget Sound, etc., "Washington; habits) .— Coubs, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1866, 71 (Fort "Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 110; 

 2d ed., 1882, no. 158; Birds N. "W., 1874, 83, 232; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 358.— 

 Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.).— Cooper, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 33 (e. 

 base Rocky Mts., Montana) ; Orn. Cal., 1870, 145. — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 550 (Vera Cruz). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 437, pi. 20, figs. 3, 4.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. 

 "Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 78 (Garland and Rio Grande, Colorado, up to 10,000 

 ft.), 107 (Neutria, New Mexico; Apache, GilaR., Goodwin, etc., Arizona); 

 Zool. Exp. "W. 100th Merid., 1875, 235 (Provo, Utah; localities in Colorado, 

 New Mexico, and Arizona; habits) . — Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 

 1876, 19 (Ishautlan and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Dec, .Ian.). — Ridgway, Orn. 

 40th Parallel, 1877, 454 (localities in Nevada and Utah; habits, song, etc.); 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 162.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1878, 

 304 (Lynn, Myiarchusssachusetts; 1 spec, Jan. 20, 1878); Ibis, 1878, 205 (do.).— 

 Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 192 (Guatemala).— "Williams, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 62 (Belt Mts., Montana, breeding). — Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 146 (Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, Myiarchusy 18).— Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 297. — Belding, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 347 (Victoria Mts. and La Paz, Lower California, winter). 



IPyranga] ludomdana Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 112. — Sclater and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22.— Cory, List Birds "W. I., 1885, 11 (Cuba). 



P[yrariga] ludovidana Cohbs, Key N. Am. Birds- 2d ed., 1884, 319. 



[^Pirangd] ludovidana Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6839. 



Piranga ludovidana American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 607.— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 140 (Chietla, Puebla, 

 Dec). — Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 29 (Santa Catalina and Pinal Mts., s. Arizona, 

 breeding io pine belt; habits). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 222 

 (South Concho R., Texas; Black Hills, Dakota, breeding); Bull. Col. Agric. 

 Coll., no. 44, 1898, 167 (breeding in Colorado above 6,000 ft., in n. e. "Wyo- 

 ming down to 4,500 ft.). — Mbarns, Auk, vii, 1890, 55 (Fort Montgomery, 

 s. e. New York, 1 spec, Dec. 21, 1881), 260 (MogoUon Mts.. Arizona, breed- 

 ing in pine belt) .—Palmer (T. S.), Auk, vii, 1890, 310 (Chehalis R., w. 

 "Washington, Aug. 15).— Merriam, North Am. Fauna, no. 5, 1891, 104 (Lost 

 R. Mts., etc., Idaho). — Flint, Auk, x, 1893, 86 (New Haven, Connecticut, 

 1 spec, Dec. 15, 1892).— Kellogg, Auk, xi, 1894, 260 (Finney Co., w. Kan- 

 sas, Myiarchusy 20, June 1).— Nbhrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 189iB, 8, pi. 20, 

 fig. 3.— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 631 (Alta Myiarchusra, Tamau- 

 lipaa, Jan., Feb.).— Knight, Bull. Univ. Myiarchusine, no. 3, 1897, 104 (near Ban- 

 gor, Myiarchusine, 1 spec, Oct. 1, 1889).— Dawson, Auk, xiv, 1897, 198 (Okanogan 

 Co., e. "Washington, summer resid.). — Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat, 

 1897-'99 (1900), 108 (near New Orleans, Ispec, Myiarchusrch 19, 1898). 



Pliranga] ludovidana Ridgway, Myiarchusn, N. Am. Birds, 1887, 456. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 95 



[PJwenicosoma] ludovicianum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110. 



Pyranga erythropis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hiat. Nat., 2d ed., xxviii, 1819, 291 



(based on Wilson, Am. Orn., pi. 20, fig. 1); Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 799. 

 Tarmgra eolumtnana Jakdine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 317 (Columbia E. ). 

 Tanagra columbianus Brbweh, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., 1840, 207. 



PIRANGA BIDENTATA BIDENTATA Swainson. 

 SWAINBON'S TANAGER. 



AdtiU male. — Head, neck, and under parts cadmium orange, the 

 pileum more intense (nearer orange chrome, sometimes tinged with 

 flame scarlet), the hindnecli more or less tinged or clouded with olive, 

 the color of under parts fading posteriorly to pale orange or orange- 

 bufl' on under tail-coverts; lores and orbits pale dingy yellowish; 

 auricular region much duller and lighter orange, obscured by olive or 

 dull grayish, with a dusky spot or bar across posterior margin; back 

 and scapulars light olive, more or less tinged with orange-yellowish, 

 broadly streaked with dusky; rump plain light olive; upper tail- 

 coverts orange-olive; wings dusky grayish brown with pale olive 

 edgings, the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with white 

 (usually more or less tinged with orange, especially on middle coverts), 

 forming two distinct bands across wing; outer webs of tertials termi- 

 nating in a white spot (unless worn off); tail grayish brown with light 

 yellowish olive edgings, the inner webs of three outermost rectrices 

 tipped with white (about 1 inch in extent on outermost rectrix); under 

 wing-coverts and axillars pale buffy orange; maxilla blackish with 

 light grayish tomia; mandible dark grayish (pale bluish gray in life?); 

 legs and feet dusky horn-color (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 

 167.6-185.4 (178.3); wing, 96-96.5 (96.3); tail, 76.2-81.8 (79.5); 

 exposed culmen, 17.3-18.3 (17.8); depth of bill at base, 9.7-10.2 (9.9); 

 tarsus, 20.3-21.6 (21.1); middle toe, 14.2-15.2 (14.7).' 



AdAdt female. — Similar to the adult male, but orange replaced by 

 yellow (lemon or gamboge on under parts, more tinged with olive on 

 pileum and hindneck), the rump, wing edgings, etc., olive-greenish; 

 length (skins), 175.3-185.4 (180.3); wing, 91.9-94 (93); tail, 77-78 

 (77.5); exposed culmen, 16-16.3; tarsus, 20.8-21.1; middle toe, 14.7- 

 15.2 (15).^ 



Southwestern Mexico, in States of Mexico (Temascaltepec), Jalisco 

 (Barranca Ibarra), Sinaloa (Plomosas), etc. 



Pyranga bidentata Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., newser., i, 1827, 428 (Temascaltepec, 

 Mexico).— Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 126, part (Temascaltepec): 

 Synop. Av. tanagr., 1856, 50, part; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 82, part (in syn 

 onymy); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 190, part (in synonymy).— Finsch, 

 Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem., ii, 1870, 338 (Myiarchuszatlan, Sinaloa) .— SALvmandGoDMAN, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 296, part (Temascaltepec). 



[Pyranga] bidentaia Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part. 



' Three specimens, * Two specimens, one of them immature. 




96 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



P^yranga-] Udentaia Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 241.— Baird, Brewer, and 



' Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 433, part. 

 I'lrani/a hidentata JouY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1894, 779 (Barranca Ibarra, 

 Jalisco).— Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157, 158 (crit.; description and synonymy) . 

 P[_lranga] bideniata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 456, part. > 



[Phoenicosoma'] bidentatum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110, part. 



PIRANGA BIDENTATA FLAM-MEA Ridgway. 

 TRES MARIAS TANAGER. 



Similar in coloration to J\ h. hidentata, but with white spaces at tips 

 of inner webs of lateral rectrices much more restricted (not exceeding 

 0.80 in length on outermost recti-ix and usuallj^ much less), and size 

 decidedly greater. 



Adult male.—h&ngi\i (skins), 182.9-193 (190); wing, 95.8-98 (97); 

 tail, 78-83.3 (80.8); exposed culmen, 17-18 (17.5); depth of bill at 

 base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 21.6-23.4 (22.9); middle toe, 15.2-16.3 

 (15.5).^ 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 188-193 (190.2); wing, 91.7-94.7 

 (93.'7); tail, 78.2-80.3 (79.2); exposed culmen, 17.3-18.3 (17.8); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.2-10.4 (10.4); tarsus, 22.6-23.9 (23.1); middle toe, 

 15-15.5 (15.2).^ 



Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, western Mexico. 



Pyranga hidentata (not of Swainson) Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1872, 

 281 (Tres Myiarchusrias).— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 274 (Tres 

 Myiarchusrias). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 296, part 

 (Tres Myiarchusrias).— ScLATER, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 190, part (Tres 

 Myiarchusrias) . 



P[iranga'] flamtnea Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 457 (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, 

 n. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Piranga flammea Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 592; 2d ed.,1896, 614. 



PIRANGA BIDENTATA SANGUINOLENTA (Lafresnaye). 

 LAFRESHATD'S TANAGER. 



Similar to P. h. hidentata, but much darker and richer in color; 

 adult male with head, neck, and under parts orange-red or scarlet' 

 (deeper on pileum and hindneck), the ground-color of back and scap- 

 ulars, in full plumage, also the rump and upper tail-coverts, brownish 

 red (orange-rufous to dragon's blood red); wing-bands more or less 

 tinged with pinkish, sometimes decidedly pink, especially the one on 

 middle coverts; adult female with ground-color of back, scapulars, 

 and rump olive-green, the last also streaked with dusky. 



A&alt male— h&ngth (skins), 162.6-190.6 (179.6); wing, 94-102.9 



' Six specimens. 



'' Four specimens. 



' Younger individuals of this form are often hardly distinguishable in color from 

 true P. hidentata, being of a similar orange hue; but adult males in full plumage are 

 always easily distinguished by their much more intense or redder coloration. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



97 



(97); tail, 78.5-87.6 (81); exposed culmen, 16.3-17.3 (16.8); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.4-10.3 (9.4); tarsus, 19.8-22.4 (21.1); middle toe, 14-16 

 (14.7).^ 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 167.6-177.8 (177.3); mng, 90.^93 

 (91.7); tail, 76.2-80.5 (78.7); exposed culmen, 16.5-18 (17.5); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.4-9.7; tarsus, 21.8-22.4 (22.1); middle toe, 14.5-14.7.' 



Eastern Mexico, in States of Nuevo Leon (Monterey), Vera Cruz 

 (Jalapa; Myiarchusrador), and southward through Central America to Cbiri- 

 qui and Veragua. 



Pyranga biderUaia (not of Swainson) Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 126, 

 part (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 1857, 205 (Jalapa); 1859, 364 (Jalapa); Synop. 

 Av. Tanagr., 1856, 50, part; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 82, part (Jalapa; Volcan 

 de Fuego, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 190, part (Jalapa and 

 Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Volcan de Fuego, Duenas, and Barranca Honda, Guate- 

 mala; Irazii and Parita, Costa Rica; s. slope Volcan de Chiriqui, Chi- 

 riqui).— Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Volcan de Fuego, 5,500 ft.)— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (Costa Rica) .—Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 99 (Dota Mts., Birris, San Jose, and Rancbo Redondo, 

 Costa Rica).— Salvadori, Atti Roy. Ac Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 177 (Costa 

 Rica).— SuMyiarchusCHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (temperate region, 

 Vera Cruz).— Fkantzius, Joum. fiir Dm., 1869, 299 (Dota Mts., Rancho 

 Redondo, San Jos6, Candelaria, and Cervantes, Costa Rica). — Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 (Volcan de Chiriqui).— Bouoahd, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (Navarro and Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica).— Nutting, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 495 (Irazii, Costa Rica).— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 296, part (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Volcan 

 de Fuego, Barranca Honda, and San Ger6nimo, Guatemala; Dota Mts.; 

 Rancho Redondo, Barranca, San Jos6, Candelaria, Cervantes, and Birris, 

 Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui). 



[Pyranga] bidentata Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part. 



P[yra7iga} bidentata Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 

 433, part. 



P[vranga'] bidentata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 456, part. 



Piranga bidentata Zeledon,' Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (San Jos6, 

 Cartago, El Zarcero de Alajuela, Volcan de Irazu, and Monte Redondo de 

 San Jos6, Costa Rica). — Chbrrie, Auk, ix, 1892, 25 (San Jos^, Costa Rica; 

 resident). — Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 27 (Jalapa; song, etc.). 



Ph^oenicosoma'] bidentata Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 24 (Jalapa). 



' Seventeen specimens. 



^ Three specimens, from Costa Rica (2) and Chiriqui (1). Average measurements 

 of adult males from different localities are as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen. 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



Seven adult males from Vera CrUz (5) and Nuevo 

 Leon (2) 



Three adult males from Guatemala 



Seven adult males from Costa Eica (5) and Chi- 

 riqui (2) 



95.3 

 97.3 



82.0 

 81.3 



17.0 

 16.8 



9.4 

 9.4 



21.6 

 20.6 



15.2 

 14.5 



The most richly colored specimens seen are from Jalapa, Vera Cruz. 

 3654— VOL 2—01 7 




98 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Phoenicosoma] bidentatum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110, part. 

 Pyranga sanguinolenta Lafkesnaye, Rev. Zool., 1839, 97 (Mexico; coll. Charles 



Brelay). — Bonapakte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 241. 

 Plyranga} sanguinolenta Gkay, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364. 

 Piranga sanguinolenta Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157, 158, 159 (crit.; descr.; 



synonymy) . 



PIRANGA ROSEO-GULARIS ROSEO-GULARIS Cabot. 

 ROSE-THROATED TANAGER, 



Adult male. — Pileum dull brownish red;' wings grayish brown with 

 broad edgings of brownish red (nearly brick red), the lesser coverts 

 nearly uniformlj^ of this color; upper tail-coverts and tail brownish 

 red (similar to color of wing-edgings) ; hindneck, back, scapulars, and 

 rump brownish gray, the back and scapulars more or less tinged with 

 dull red; sides of head and neck brownish gray (rather lighter than 

 color of hindneck), becoming paler on malar and orbital regions, the 

 eyelids dull white; anterior portion of chin dull white; lower part of 

 chin, throat, and upper part of chest light red (intermediate between 

 peach-blossom pink and flesh color) ; under tail-coverts and anal region 

 paler, more flesh colored; rest of under parts light brownish gray, 

 becoming dull white on abdomen; maxilla horn btown, paler along 

 tomia, mandible much paler; legs and feet horn brownish; length 

 (skins), lM.8-160 (153.2); wing, 76.Y-82.6 (80); tail, 63.5-69.3 (67.1); 

 exposed culmen, 14.6-16.2 (15); depth of bill at base, 8.9-10.2 (9.7); 

 tarsus, 20.6-22.1 (21.1); middle toe, 12.2-14 (13).' 



Ad'ult female. — Similar to adult male, but the reddish of pileum, 

 wings, and tail replaced by yellowish olive-green, that of throat by 

 pale yellow (naples yeUow), the under tail-coverts pale buffy; length 

 (skins), 150-164 (152.1); wing, 76.2-79 (77.4); tail, 62-64.8 (63.3); 

 exposed culmen, 15-16 (15.3); tarsus, 20.3-21 (20.8); middle toe, 

 12.7-15 (13.9).» 



Immainire male. — Identical in coloration with the adult female. 



Peninsula of Yucatan (Chichen Itza; Calotmul; between Chemax 

 andYalahoo; Izalam; Chem Jonat forest; La Vega; Puerto Morelos). 



Pyranga roseo-gularis Cabot, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, Dec, 1846, 187 



(between Chemax and Yalahoo, Yucatan; coll. S. Cabot, jr.); Journ. Bost. 



Soc. N. H., V, pt. iii, 1846, 416; Am. Journ. Sci., iii, 1847, 436; Ann. and 



Myiarchusg. N. H., XX, 1847, 143. 

 Pyranga roseogularis Solater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 6; Ibis, 1873, 125, 



pi. 3. — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 15. 

 Pyranga roseigularis Ridgway, Ibis, 1873, 126 (description of type). — Salvin, 



Ibis, 1874, 327 (crit.). — Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway' a Hist. 



' There is no hue in my Nomenclature of Colors which closely approximates this 

 olor; that nearest to it is perhaps madder brown, though a mixture of madder brown 

 and poppy red would probably come much' nearer to it. 



^ Seven specimens, from Chichen Itza and Calotmul, Yucatan. 



' Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDIB AMERICA. 99 



N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 434.— Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Soi., ii, 1882, 247 

 (description of female).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1883, 443 

 (Izalam, n. Yucatan) .—Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 

 1883, 293.— ScLATBR, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 187, part (Chem 

 Jonat forest and Izalam, Yucatan).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., viii, 

 1896, 279 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan; song). 



[Phoenicosoma} roseogulare Giebbl, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110. 



P\iranga\ roseigularis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 455, part (Yucatan). 



Piranga roseo-gvlaris roseo-gularis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, 1901, 149, 

 in text. 



PIRANGA ROSEO-GULARIS COZUMEL^E Ridgway, 

 COZTTMEL TANAGER. 



Similar to P. r. roseo-gularis, but with shorter wing, longer tail, and 

 larger bill and feet; adult male with red of pileum, wings, and tail 

 duller, that of throat and under tail-coverts much paler, and the back 

 with little, if any, tinge of red; adult female with olive-green of 

 pileum duller, yellow of throat and under tail-coverts much paler, and 

 gray of lateral under parts browner. 



AdMlt «;a/c'.— Length (skins), 163-161 (156.7); wing, 78-80 (79.2); 

 tail, 65-70 (68); exposed culmen, 16-17 (16.2); tarsus, 21-23 (22); mid- 

 dle toe, 14r-U (14. 5). 1 



Adult female. — Length (skins), 152-155 (153.5); wing, 75; tail, 64; 

 exposed culmen, 15-16 (15.5); tarsus, 21-23 (22); middle toe, 13-14 

 (13.5).'' 



Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. (Also Myiarchusgeres Island ?) ' 



Piranga roseigularis (not of Cabot) Salvin, Ibis, 1885, 190 (Cozumel I.), 258 

 (Meco, Myiarchusgeres, and Cozumel islands; crit.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 293, part (Cozumel, Myiarchusgeres, and Meco islands). — 

 ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 187, part (Cozumel). 



Piranga roseigularis Ridgway, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 568 (Cozumel I.). 



P\iranga'\ roseigularis B-itiqw ay, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 455, part (Cozumel I.). 



Piranga roseo-gularis cozumelse'Rl'DG^YAY, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 

 149 (Cozumel I., Yucatan; F. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



PIRANGA LEUCOPTERA LEUCOPTERA Trudeau. 

 WHITE-WINGED TANAGER. 



Adult male. — General color bright vermilion or poppy red, some- 

 times inclining to scarlet; forehead (more or less broadly), lores, orbital 

 region, anterior portion of malar region (sometimes chin also), scapu- 

 lars, wings, and ta,il black; middle and innermost greater wing-coverts 

 broadly tipped with white, forming two distinct bands, that across 

 middle coverts about 3 to 4.6 mm. wide; axillars and under wing-coverts 

 white; maxilla blackish, mandible bluish gray (light grayish blue in 



'Pour specimens. 

 ^Two specimens. 



'See Salvin, Ibis, 1888, 258. The birds from Meco Island are said by Myiarchus. Salvin 

 to be "somewhat intermediate, being nearer to that from the mainland." 




100 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



life?); legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 

 123.2-147.3 (131.3); wing, '65.3-73.7 (68.1); tail, 56.4-60.7 (58.4); 

 exposed culmen, 10.9-13.2 (12.4); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.1 (7.9); 

 tarsus, 18-20.3 (18.8); middle toe, 10.7-12.4 (11.4).' 



Admit female. — Above (including sides of head and neck) yellowish 

 olive-green, more decidedly yellowish on head and neck; scapulars 

 dark olive-grayish; wings and tail dusky grayish, the latter with 

 olive-green, the former with paler grayish edgings (more olive-green 

 on secondaries); middle and innermost greater wing-coverts tipped 

 with white, forming one distinct and one indistinct band; under parts 

 bright yellow (gamboge), slightly tinged with olive on sides and flanks; 

 lores dusky; bill and feet as in the male; length (skins), 116.8-137.2 

 (128); wing, 64.3-68.1 (66.3); tail, 54.6-57.7 (55.6); exposed culmen, 

 12.4-14 (13.2); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.4 (7.9); tarsus, 17.8-19.1 

 (18.3); middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (11.4).* 



Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Myiarchusrador; Jalapa; Orizaba; 

 Cordova), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca), Mexico (Valley of Mexico), and 

 Chiapas (Tumbala; Ocuilapa); Guatemala (Volcan de Agua; Savana 

 Grande; Retalhuleu; Chisec; Easch^; Barranca Honda); Salvador 

 (San Salvador) ; British Honduras (Belize) ? . 



Tanagra erythromelas (not Pyranga erythromelas Vieillot, 1819) Lichtenstein, 

 Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 2 (Lagunas, Mexico) ; Journ. fur Om., 1863, 

 57. 

 Pyranga erythromelsena Solater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 126 (monogr.; 

 Lagunas, Orizaba, Jalapa, and Cordova, Vera Cruz; Guatemala), 303 (Cor- 

 dova); 1859, 364 (Jalapa); 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); Synop. Av. Tan- 

 agr., 1856, 50; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 81 (Jalapa; Guatemala); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 189, part (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Volcan de 

 Agua, Savana Grande, Eetalhuleu, Chisec, EascM, and Barranca Honda, 

 Guatemala; ? Belize, British Honduras). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 

 15 (Pacific slope and Vera Paz, Guatemala). — Salvin, Ibis, 1860, 100 (Pacific 

 slope, Guatemala); 1861, 147 (mountains of Basch^, Guatemala); Cat. 



' Fourteen specimens. 



' Seven specimens. 



I can discover no difference between Mexican specimens (of which, however, the 

 series examined is very unsatisfactory) and those from Guatemala and Salvador. 

 Their average measurements are as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 101 



Strickland Coll., 1882, 192 (Guatemala).— Sumichrast, Mem. Boat. Soc. 



N. H., i, 1869, 549 (temperate region Vera Cruz, 2,000-4,000 feet).— Salvin 



and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 295, part (Mexican and 



Guatemalan references and localities; ? Belize, British Honduras). 

 [Pyrangal erylliromelama Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr, 1873, 22, part. 

 IPyranga erythromeUma\ var. erythromelama Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and 



Ridgway's Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 433, part. 

 [Phomicosoma] erythromelas Gibbel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110, part. 

 Pyranga leucoptera Trudeau, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 160 (Mexico; 



coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 241. 

 P[iranga] leucoptera Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 454. 

 Piranga leucoptera Chapmau, Bull. Am. Myiarchuse. N. H., x, 1898, 27 (Jalapa Vera 



Cruz). 

 Pyranga bivittata Laprksnaye, Rev. ZooL, v, 1842, 70 (no locality given). 

 Ph[omicosoma'] UvUtata Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 24 (Jalapa; excl. syn. 



Phoenicosoma ardens Tschudi). 



PIRANGA LEUCOPTERA LATIFASCIATA Ridgway. 

 BROAD-BANIIEI) TANAGER. 



Similar to P. I. leucoptera, but white wing-bands much broader, 

 the anterior one 5.1-7.6 wide, the posterior one extending across tips 

 of all the greater coverts instead of the innermost only. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 125-135 (129); wing, 67-72 (70); tail, 

 57.2-60 (58.5); exposed culmen, 12-13 (12.7); depth of bill at base, 

 7.1-7.4; tarsus, 18-19 (18.4); middle toe, 11-12 (11.6).' 



Adidt female.— Jjength (skins), 125-130 (126.6); wing, 65-68.5(66.6), 

 tail, 54-57 (55.2); exposed culmen, 12-13 (12.5); depth of bill at base, 

 7-7.5 (7.2); tarsus, 17.5-18 (17.7); middle toe 11-12 (11.3).^ 



Costa Rica (Barranca; Dota Mountains; Navarro; Tucurriqui), Chiri- 

 qui (Boquete; Volcan de Chiriqui),andVeragua (Calovevora; Calobre). 



Pyranga erythromelsena (not P. erythromelas Vieillot, nor Tanagra erythromelas 

 Lichtenstein) Salvadoki, Atti. Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 177 (Costa 

 Rica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 99 (Barranca, Dota Mts., 

 and Navarro, Cosfa Rica). — FRANTZins, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa 

 Rica). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 (Volcan de Chiriqui; 

 Calovevora, Veragua). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 

 i, 1883, 295, part (Tucurriqui, etc., Costa Rica; Calobre, etc., Veragua). — 

 Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 189, part (Dota, Costa Rica; Volcan 

 de Chiriqui; Calovevora, Veragua) . 



[Pyranga} erythromelsena Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part. 



[Pyranga erythromelsena'] var. erythromelsena Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ridgway's Hist; N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 433, part. 



[Phoenicosomal erythromelas Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110, part. 



P[iranga'] leucoptera latifasciata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 457 (Costa 

 Rica; Veragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Piranga leucoptera latifasciata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 592; 2d ed., 

 1896, 614. 



Piranga leucoptera (not of Trudeau) Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 

 110 (Costa Rica). — Chbrrie, Auk, ix, 1892, 25 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). 



' Seven specimens. '' Four specimens. 




102 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



PIRANGA ERYTHROCEPHALA (Swainson.) 

 RES-EEADES TANA6EB, 



Admit male. — Pileum bright red (vermilion or orange- vermilion) ; rest 

 of upper parts uniform bright yellowish olive-green, the edges of 

 primaries and rectrices more decidedly yellowish; lores blackish; 

 auricular, suborbital, and malar regions, chin, and throat pale vermilion 

 or pinkish red, with a silvery gloss; rest of under parts rich lemon 

 yellow, becoming paler posteriorly (under tail -coverts canary yellow), 

 the sides and flanks tinged with olive-green; edge of wing lemon 

 yellow; bill blackish, the mandible more grayish (bluish gray in life?) 

 legs and feet dusky (in dried skins), length (skins); 147.3-148.6 (147.8) 

 wing, 67.3-74.4 (70.1); tail, 63-69.3 (65.5); exposed culmen, 11.9-12.2 

 depth of bill at base, 7.4-7.9 (7.6); tarsus, 19.3-20.1 (19.8); middle 

 toe, 11.7-12.4 (12.2.) 1 



Adndt female.^Pilenm yellowish olive-green, becoming yellow 

 (safl'ron or dull gamboge) on supraloral region; hindneck, back, scapu- 

 lars, rump, and upper tail-coverts grayish olive-green, more strongly 

 tinged with graj'^ posteriorly; wings and tail clearer olive-green than 

 back, etc., the edges of primaries almost yellow; lores dusky grayish; 

 lower eyelid whitish; auricular region dull grayish; malar region, chin, 

 throat, and chest dull lemon or gamboge yellow, the breast and upper 

 abdomen similar but rather paler; flanks light grayish brown; under 

 tail-coverts and anal region pale bufi'y; bill and feet as in adult male; 

 length (skins), 132.1-142.2 (138.7); wing, 65.3-68.6 (67.1); tail, 58.9- 

 60.7 (59.7); exposed culmen, 12.7-14 (13); depth of bill at base, 7.6; 

 tarsus, 19.1-20.1 (19.6); middle toe, 11.7-12.7 (12.2.)' 



Young female, nestling plumage. — Similar to the adult female, but 

 plumage of looser texture, and colors duller; back, scapulars, rump, 

 and upper tail-coverts more brownish olive; yellow of under parts 

 much duller, tinged with olive. 



Western Mexico, in States of Oaxaca (Juquila; Totontepec), Mexico 

 (Temascaltepec; Valley of Mexico), Guanajuato, Jalisco (San Sebas- 

 tian), Sinaloa (Plomosas), Chihuahua (Trompa), etc. 



Spermagra erythrocephala Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 437 (Temas- 

 caltepec, Mexico). 



P[yranga] erythrocephala Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Apr., 1851, 178; 

 Note sur les Tang., 1851, 29.— Baird, Bkewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 433. 



Pyranga erythrocephala Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 125 (monogr.); 

 1859, 377 (Juquila and Totontepec, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); 

 Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 49; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 81 (Mexico); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 192 (Juquila).— Du Bus, Esquis. Orn., 1845(?), pi. 32.— 

 DoGis, La Naturaleza, i, 1868, 140 (Guanajuato) .— Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 294, pi. 17, flg. 2.— Ridgway, Ibis, 1883, 400 (crit.). 



{PyrangaJ erythrocephala Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. 



Pliranga'] erythroceph ala Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 456. 



' Three specimens. ' Four specimens. 




BIKD8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMKKICA. 103 



IPhomicosoma] erythrocephalum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110. 

 Pyranga cucullata Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Roy. Brux., xiv, pt. 2, 1847, 105 (Mexico; 



coll. Brussels Myiarchuss.) ; Rev. Zool., 1848, 245.— Bonaparte, Consp. Av i' 



1850, 241. 



Genus HETEROSPINGUS Ridgway. 



Heterospingus Ridgway, Auk, xv, no. 3, July (pub. Myiarchusy 13), 1898, 225. (Type, 

 Tachyphomis rubrifrons Lawrence. ) 



Similar to Tachyjihonus, but nasal f ossse densely feathered, concealing 

 the nostrils; tail relatively much shorter, wing more pointed, tarsus 

 shorter (scarcely exceeding middle toe with claw), and sexes either 

 alike in color or nearly so in pattern of coloration. 



Exposed culmen about six-sevenths as long as tarsus, straight for 

 more than basal half, then strongly curved to the slightly uncinate 

 tip; gonys much shorter than length of maxilla from nostril, slightly 

 convex; depth of bill at base equal to decidedly more than half the 

 distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, about equal to its basal width; 

 maxillary tomium concave anteriorly and subbasally, faintly convex 

 between, distinctly notched subterminally and slightly deflected ba- 

 sally; mandibular tomium straight, the basal portion slightly convex 

 and deflected. Nostril concealed by dense feathering of nasal fossae, 

 horizontally oval. Rictal bristles scarcely obvious. Wing long (about 

 four times as long as tarsus), slightly rounded (eighth to sixth pri- 

 maries longest and nearly equal, ninth a little shorter than fifth); pri- 

 maries exceeding secondaries by nearly the length of the tarsus. Tail 

 shorter than wing by length of tarsus, slightly double-rounded, the 

 rectrices broad, with compact webs and rounded tips. Tarsus stout, 

 very slightly longer tiian middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching 

 about to base of middle claw, the inner toe a little shorter than the 

 outer; hind claw shorter than its digit — all the claws strongly curved 

 and sharp. 



Goloratioii. — Rump bright yellow, underwing-co verts and patch on 

 each side of breast white; rest of plumage black, with orange- red 

 supra-auricular tufts {H. xanthopygnis, adult male), or dark slate-gray 

 above, lighter gray beneath {II. xantkopygius, female, and both sexes 

 of II. rubrifrons). 



Bange. — Costa Rica to Colombia. (Two species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OP HETEROSPINGUS. 



a. General color black, more sooty beneath; supra-auricular tufts orange-red. 

 (Colombia and western Ecuador.) 



Heterospingus xanthopygius, adult male (p. 104) 

 aa. General color slate-gray above, paler gray below; no supra-auricular tufts. 

 (Isthmus of Panama to Costa Rica. ) 



Heterospingus rubrifrons, adult male and female (p. 104) 

 HeterospiugQS xauthopygias, female.^ 



'Not having seen the female of H. xanthopygius, I am unable to state in what 

 particulars, if any, it differs from H. rubrifrons. 




104 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



HETEROSPINGUS XANTHOPYGIUS (Sclater). 

 ORANOE-BROWED TANAGEK. 



Adult male.— Above black, relieved by a prominent and conspicuous 

 supra-auricular tuft of orange or orange-red, composed of stiff, hair- 

 like feathers, and a triangular patch of lemon yellow on rump; under 

 parts more sooty black, more grayish sooty on under parts of body, 

 relieved by a white patch on each side of breast, confluent with white 

 of axillars and under wing-coverts; bill blackish; legs and feet (in 

 dried skin) dusky; length (skin), 172.7; wing, 96.5; tail, 71.1; culmen 

 (tip of bill broken off); depth of bill at base, 9.7; tarsus, 21.1; middle 



toe, 15.2.^ 



Northwestern and central Colombia and western Ecuador; north to 



the Rio Truando. 



Tachyphmus xanfhopygius Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 158, pi. 69 

 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. Brit. Myiarchuss. ; = female) ; 1855, 83, pi. 90 (Bogota; adult 

 male, figured); 1856, 116 (monogr.; Bogota); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856,40; 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 209, part (Bogota and Eemedios, prov. 

 Antioquia, Colombia) .—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PHla., 1860, 142 (Bio 

 Truando, n. Colombia). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 

 503 (Eemedios, prov. Antioquia, Colombia).— Berlepsoh and Taczanowski, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 547 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador).— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 311, part (Rio Truando, Colombia). 



T{aohyphorms'] xanthopygius Sclater and Salvin, Exotic Orn., pt. v, 1868, 68. 



ITachyptionus^ xanthopygius Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23, 

 part. 



Lanio auritus Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Koy. Brux., xxii, Feb., 1855, 153 (Colombia). 



HETEROSPINGUS RUBRIFRONS (Lawrence). 

 LAWRENCE'S TANAOER. 



Adult male. — Above plain sooty slate-color," relieved by a large 

 triangular patch of lemon yellow on rump; wings and tail more black- 

 ish, with brownish slaty edgings, except on lesser wing-coverts, alula, 

 and primary coverts; upper taU-coverts yellowish olive-green, or much 

 tinged with this color; sides of head and neck and under parts dull 

 slate-gray, tinged with olive-yellow posteriorly, especially on under 

 tail-coverts; under wing-coverts, axillars, and a patch on each side of 

 breast, white; bill black; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky horn 

 color; length (skins), 147.3-160 (151.9); wing, 81.3-83.3 (82.3); tail, 

 59.7-63 (61.5); exposed culmen, 16.5-18 (17.3); depth of bill at base, 

 7.1-7.6 (7.4); tarsus, 19.8-20.8 (20.3); middle toe, 13.2-13.5 (13.2).' 



' One specimen, from Eio Truando, Colombia, tbe only example I have seen of this 

 species. The adult female is described as being similar to both sexes of 3. rubrifrons. 



^ In the tjrpe most of tbe feathers of the crown are tipped with a spot of doll 

 brownish red, whence the specific name; biit as no other of the six adult males 

 examined show a trace of this feature, it must be considered as accidental. 



" Six specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 105 



Admit female. — Similar to the male, but gray of under parts duller 

 and rather lighter and less tinged with olive-yellow posteriorly, the 

 under tail-coverts usually with very little of this color, sometimes 

 none; length (skins), 144.8; wing, 77.7-82.6 (80); tail, 57.2-61 (59.2); 

 exposed culmen, 16.5-17.3 (16.8); depth of bill at base, 7.4-8.4 (7.9); 

 tarsus, 19.8-20.1 (19.8); middle toe, 12.4-13.2 (12.7).' 



Isthmus of Panama to Costa Rica (Angostura; Reventazon); south 

 to the Panama Railroad. 



Tachyplmim xanthopygius (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1864, 

 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. E.).— Sclatek and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1864, 351 (Lion Hill).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 311, part (Angostura, Costa Rica; Veragua; Lion Hill, Panama 

 R. R.).— ScLATEB, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 209, part (Panama; Vera- 

 gua).— Zbledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Costa Rica). 



T[achyphonus} xanthopygius Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 109, in text (crit.). 



Tachyphonus rubrifrons Lawebncb, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 106 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 610, 611 (Angostura and Reventaz6n, Costa Rica; crit.). 



T [ackyphonus] rubrifrons Sclatek and Salvin, Exotic Orn., pt. v, 1868, 68. 



Heterospingus rubrifrons Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 

 29 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). 



Tachyphonus propinguus Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 94 (substitute 

 for T. rubrifrons, considered inappropriate as being based on an accidental 

 character); Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 101 (Angostura, Costa Rica).— 

 Prantzius, Joum. fur Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).- Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 109 

 (crit.). 



Genus HEMITHRAUPIS Cabanis. 



HemUhraupis' Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 21. (Type, Nemosia ruficapilla 

 Vieillot.) 



Similar to Tachyphonus, but bill much more slender, "its depth at 

 base decidedly less than half the length of exposed culmen; wing more 

 pointed (outermost primary longer than fifth) ; tail relatively shorter, 

 tarsus relatively much longer, toes weaker, and style of coloration 

 very different. 



Exposed culmen longer than middle toe without claw, nearly straight 

 to near the tip, where gently decurved; gonys decidedly shorter than 

 maxilla from nostril, straight; maxillary tomium with slight subter- 

 minal notch, straight or very faintly concave 1.0 beneath anterior end 

 of nasal fossae, thence gently deflected to the rictus; mandibular 

 tomium straight to the decided though not abrupt basal deflection. 

 Nostril exposed, broadly oval, with rather broad superior membrane. 

 Rictal bristles distinct, but not conspicuous. Wing rather long (nearly 

 to more than four times as long as tarsus), rather pointed (eighth or 

 seventh primary longest, ninth not shorter than fifth, sometimes equal 

 to seventh); primaries exceeding secondaries by nearly to much more 

 than length of exposed culmen. Tail shorter than wing by about two- 



' Three specimens. " "Von v/ii, halb und Spavxid, nom. prop." 




106 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



thirds to much more than length of tarsus, slightly rounded, even, or 

 faintly emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow, with compact webs 

 and rather pointed tips. Tarsus slender, decidedly longer than middle 

 toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; 

 hind claw shorter than its digit, strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult males with more or less of yellow, varied in uni- 

 form areas with black, rufous, or olive-green, or with all these; 

 females and young very different— plain olive or olive-green above, 

 yellowish beneath. 



Range.— Qo^t^ Rica to Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru. 



Although having the bill a little more slender, S. chrysomdas (the 

 only species known to occur north of the Isthmus) differs far less from 

 some of the species of Hemis'pingus than certain of the latter do from 

 one another, and I have no doubt that here is its proper position. It 

 certainly is far more out of place in Tachyphonm, to which it was 

 originally assigned and where it has by common consent been kept. 



Hemithrawpis differs from Nemosia ' in relatively longer wing and 

 tail, more slender bill with straight instead of distinctly convex gonys, 

 and very different style of coloration. 



HEMITHRAUPIS CHRYSOMELAS (Sclater and Salvin). 

 BLACK AND YELLOW TANAGER. 



Adult maZe.— Entire head, neck, rump, and under parts clear, rich 

 yellow, rather paler (lemon yellow) below, sometimes inclining to 

 orange on pileum and hindneck; a narrow orbital ring of black, 

 broadest beneath posterior half of eye; back, scapulars, wings, upper 

 tail-coverts, and tail uniform deep black; inner webs of rectrices edged 

 with light yellow; under wing-coverts white, tinged with yellow; axil- 

 lars and edges of inner webs of remiges white, usually tinged with 

 pale yellow; bill black; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky horn color; 

 length (skin), about 114.3; wing, 64.3-68.6 (66.8); tail, 47^9.5 (48.5); 

 exposed culmen, 11.9-12,7 (12.2); tarsus, 16.5-17.3 (16.8); middle toe, 

 10.2-10.4.' 



Adult female. — Above plain yellowish olive-green; wings dusky 

 grayish brown with broad yellowish olive-green edgings; under parts 

 gamboge yellow medially, shading into yellowish olive-green (lighter 

 than that of upper parts) laterally; under tail-coverts pale buffy; 

 under wing-coverts whitish; bill black; legs and feet (in dried sldns), 

 dusky horn color; length (skin), 106.7; wing, 60.7; tail, 41.4; exposed 

 culmen, 11.4; tarsus, 17.8; middle toe, 10.4.' 



Costa Rica (Talamanca) and Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu). 



Tachyphonus chrysomelas Sclatkr and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 440, 

 pi. 32 (Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Salvin, 



^Nemosia Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 32. (Type, Tanagra pileata Boddsert.) 

 ^ Three specimena. 

 ' One specimen. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 107 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Cordillera del Chucu).— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 311, pi. 21, fig. 1.— Sclater, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 210.— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 110 

 (Costa Bica). 

 [Tachyphonm'] chrysomelas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23. 



Genus RAMPHOCELUS Desmarest. 



Ramphocelm Desmarest, Hist. Nat. Tang., 1805, p. 5, sub pis. 28, 29. (Type, 



Tanagra hranilia Linnijeus. ) 

 Rhamphoccdus (emendation) Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. 

 iJampTiopis ViBiLLOT, Analyse, 1816, 32. (Type, Tanagra jacapa LinnsenB.) 

 Jacapa Bonaparte, Eev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii. Myiarchusr., 1851, 178. (Type, Tanagra 

 jacapa Linnaeus. ) 



Medium sized Tanagers with outermost (ninth) primary shorter than 

 third, plumage of forehead stiff, erect, and plush-like, and with man- 

 dibular rami more or less enlarged and swollen, longer than gonys; 

 adult males richly colored with black and crimson, scarlet, orange, or 

 yellow, 



BUI shorter than head, elongate-conical in vertical profile; culmen 

 usually about two-thirds as long as tarsus or a little more (consider- 

 ably less in H. passerinii and allies), nearly straight for basal half or 

 more, distinctly convex terminally, the tip of the maxilla obviously 

 uncinate; gonys decidedly shorter than length of maxilla from nostril, 

 less convex than terminal portion of culmen; commissure nearly 

 straight; mandihdar rami remarltahly enlarged (less so in R. passerinii 

 and allies), much longer than gonys (except in the species mentioned), 

 developed into a broad thickened plate, more or less rounded behind, 

 usually differently colored (whitish or pale blue) from rest of bill. 

 Nostril small, nearly concealed by plush-like frontal feathers. Rictal 

 bristles not obvious. Wing rather short (about three and one-half to 

 three and four-fifths times as long as tarsus), rounded (seventh to fifth 

 primaries longest, ninth shorter than third) ; primaries exceeding second- 

 aries by less than length of exposed culmen. Tail nearly as long as wing, 

 rounded, the rectrices rather broad, with firm webs and rounded tips, 

 less than the basal half overlaid by upper coverts. Tarsus equal to or 

 longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base 

 of middle claw; hind claw shorter than its digit — all the claws well- 

 curved, sharp. Plumage soft, velvety; feathers of forehead erect, 

 somewhat stiffened, plush-like. 



Coloration. — Adult males black and scarlet, black and maroon, black, 

 crimson, and scarlet, or black and yellow, in large unicolored areas; 

 females and young much duller, with the black replaced by brown, 

 brownish-gray, or olive, the brighter colors obsolete or faintly 

 indicated. 



-Sa?!,^e.— Continental Tropical America, from southern Mexico to 

 southern Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. 




108 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF RAMPHOCELUS. 



a. Wings and tail black. (Adult males. ) 

 b. Under parts of body entirely black, 

 u. Lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts scarlet. 

 d. Smaller (wing averaging 74.9). (Southeastern Mexico to Isthmus of 



Panama. ) Bamphocelus passerinii, adult male (p. 109) 



dd. Larger (wing averaging 79.0). (Southwestern Costa Eica.) 



Bamphocelus costariceuBis, adult male (p. Ill) 

 ce. Lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverta yellow or orange. 

 d. Rump, etc., orange, 

 e. Under wing-coverts black. (Colombia.) 



Bamphocelns ohrysonotus, adult male (extralimital) (p. 112') 

 ee. Under wing-coverts orange?'' (Isthmus of Panama.) 



Eamphooelus ohrysopterus, adult male (p. 112) 

 dd. Eump, etc., lemon yellow. (Isthmus of Panama to Ecuador.) 



Bamphocelus icteronotus, adult male (p. 113) 

 66. Under parts of body partly red or yellow, 

 c. Under parts, except chin, abdomen, and thighs, yellow. ( Isthmus of Panama. ) 



Bamphocelns inexpectatus, adult male (p. 114) 

 cc. Under parts, except chin, throat, chest, and abdomen, red, or else black 

 with a red band across chest. 

 d. Head and neck velvety black without any reddish tinge; under parts black 

 with a red band across chest and the anal feathers red. (Chiriqui.) 



Bamphocelns festee, adult male (p. 115) 

 dd. Head and neck dark garnet red, or at least tinged or washed with that 

 color; under parts mostly red. 

 e. Red feathers of rump and under parts and tail-coverts without central 

 spots of black. 

 /. Back black or but slightly tinged with dark garnet red. 



g. Under parts of body scarlet ("orange-crimson") anteriorly, passing 

 into rufous-orange posteriorly; basal half of feathers of rump and 

 upper tail-coverts white. (Isthmus of Panama?) 



Bamphocelns dunstalli, adult male (p. 115) 

 gg. Under parts of body blood-red or orange-red laterally, black medi- 

 ally; basal half of feathers of rump and upper tail-coverts yellow, 

 white, and gray, successively. 

 h. Rump, tail-coverts, and lateral under parts orange-red or scarlet; 

 throat and chest dark brownish red, the first sometimes nearly 

 black. (Isthmus of Panama to northeast coast of Colombia.) 



Bamphocelns Inciani, adult male (p. 115) 

 hh. Rump, tail-coverts, and lateral under parts bright poppy red or 

 blood red; throat and chest crimson-maroon. (Eastern Peru.) 

 Bamphocelns melanogaster, adult male (extralimital) (p. 116") 

 ff. Back crimson-maroon, like head, neck, and chest. {Samphocelm dimi- 

 diatus, adult male.) 

 g. Abdomen extensively and distinctly black or dusky; general colora- 

 tion darker; greater wing-coverts entirely black. 

 h. Colors brighter, the abdomen deep black; tail shorter (averaging 

 69.0) . (Colombia north to coast of Chiriqui.) 



Bamphocelns dimidiatns dimidlatns, adult male (p. 116) 



' Footnote. 



^ The original description of this supposed species is so vague that, in the absence 

 of specimens, it is almost impossible to tell what its characters really are. 

 ° In text and in footnote. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 109 



hli. Colors duller, the abdomen brownish black or dark brown; tall 

 longer (averaging 73.9). (Isthmus of Panama.) 



Bamphocelus dimidiatns isthmicuB, adult male (p. 118) 

 gg. Abdomen with dusky (not black) area much restricted, sometimes 

 obsolete; general coloration lighter; greater wing-coverts edged 

 with dusky red. (San Myiarchusguel Island, Bay of Panama.) 



Ramphocelua dimidiatns limatns, adult male (p. 119) 

 ee. Bed feathers of rump and under parts and tail coverts with central spots 

 of black. ( ' ' Guatemala. ' ' ) 



Bamphocelus uropygialis, adult male (p. 119) 

 ofi. Wings and tail dusky with lighter (grayish, brownish, dull reddish or light olive 

 or olive-greenish) edgings. (Adult females and immature males. ) 

 h. Throat grayish or pale brownish; rest of under parts yellowish olive or light 

 tawny-olive, 

 c. Rump and upper tail-coverts light yellowish olive. 



Eampkocelns passerinii, adult female and young male (p.llO) 

 cc. Rump and upper tail-coverts orange-rufous. 



Bamphocelus costaricensis, adult female and young male (p. Ill) 

 hh. Throat not grayish; under parts of body not olive, 

 c. Throat, under parts of body, and rump yellow (lemon or sulphur) . 



Bamphocelus icteronotus, adult female and young male (p. 113) 

 cc. Throat brown or maroon; under parts of body brownish red or ochraceous- 

 orange. 

 d. Rump and under parts ochraceous-orange; back light olive; head and neck 

 (all round) olive. 



Bamphocelus luciani, adult female and young male (p. 116) 

 dd. Rump and under parts brownish red; back reddish brown; head and neck 

 (all round) warm sepia brown or dark reddish brown. 

 e. Throat maroon; back deeper reddish brown; rump and under parts of 

 body deeper brownish red. 



Bamphocelus melanogaster, adult female and young male (p. 116 ') 

 ee. Throat dark sooty brown or seal brown; back lighter reddish brown; 

 rump and under parts of body lighter brownish red. 

 /. Head and neck dark sooty brown, the general coloration darker and 

 richer. 

 Bamphocelus dimidiatus dimidiatus, adult female and young male (p. 117) 

 ff. Head and neck seal brown, the general coloration lighter and duller. 

 g. Larger (wing averaging 75.9, tail 72.1, tarsus 21.3). 

 Bamphocelus dimidiatus isthmicus, adult female and young male (p. 118) 

 gg. Smaller (wing averaging 74.4, tail 66.5, tarsus 20.1). 



Bamphocelus dimidiatus limatus, adult female and young male (p. 119) 



RAMPHOCELUS PASSERINII Bonaparte. 



PASSEKIUrS TANAGER. 



Ackdt tnale. — Uniform glossy black; entire lower back, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts bright, intense scarlet, the feathers white for basal 

 half, with yellow between the white and scarlet; bill light blue in life 

 (grayish in dried skins) with tip black; iris brown; legs and feet 

 dusky grayish in dried skins (grayish blue in life?); length (skins), 

 148.6-165.1 (157.2); wing, 71.4-78.2 (74.9); tail, 64-74.2 (68.3); 

 exposed culmen, 12.4r-14.7 (13.5); depth of bill at base, 7.4-8.1 (7.9); 

 tarsus, 21.3-23.4 (22.4); middle toe, 13.5-16.8 (15).' 



' In footnote. " Twenty-four specimens. 




110 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck plain brownish gray or gray- 

 ish brown; back and scapulars deep yellowish olive, the feathers indis- 

 tinctly darker centrally; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 lighter, more yellowish olive, inclining to dull gallstone yellow; wings 

 and tail dusky with yellowish-olive edgings; sides of head and neck 

 similar to pileum and hindneck, but paler and rather browner, the 

 chin and throat still paler (very nearly hair brown) ; under parts light 

 yellowish olive, brightest on chest, ^ duller on abdomen, where some- 

 times inclining to hair brown; bill, iris, and feet as in adult male; 

 length (skins), 164.9-172.7 (160.3); wing, Y2.1-78.7 (7-1.7); taU, 66.8- 

 73.4 (69.6); exposed cuhnen, 12.7-15.2 (13.7); depth of bill at base, 

 7.6-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 21.6-22.9 (22.6); middle toe, 13.7-16 (14.7).' 



Young male {first year). — Exactly like the adult female. 



Immature males variously intermediate in coloration between the 

 adult male and female, according to age.^ 



State of Tabasco (Teapa), southeastern Mexico, eastern Guatemala 

 (Yzabal, Tucuru, Cahabon, etc.), and southward to Isthmus of Panama. 



Ramphocelus passerinii Bonaparte, Antologia, 1831, no. 130, p. 3 (Mexico or 

 Cuba); Myiarchus, 1833, 755 ("Cuba"); Consp. Av., i, 1850, 242 ("Bolivia").— Les- 

 son, Rev. Zool., 1840, 133, excl. syn. — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1856, 130 (monogr.; "Columbia River, Oregon"; "Mexico"; Guatemala; 

 Nicaragua) , 142 (Chiriqui); 1859,59 (Omoa, Honduras) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 

 1856, 54; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 79 (Nicaragua; Honduraa). — Moore, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 59 (Omoa, Honduras).— Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 467 

 (Yzabal, Guatemala); 1870, 187 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Myiarchusna de Chorcha, Ver- 

 agua) ; 1872, 316 (Chontales, Nicaragua). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 5, 

 16 (Yzabal, Atlantic coast, and Cahabon, Vera Paz, Guatemala); Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1867, 278 (Mosquito coast, Nicaragua); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, 



^ The chest and upper tail-coverts sometimes more or less tinged with orange. 



^ Twelve specimens. 



Average measurements of specimens from different localities are as follows: 



Locality. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Five adult males from Guatemala 



Five adult males from Honduras 



Four adult males from Nicaragua 



Four adult males from Costa Kica 



One adult male from Veragua 



Five adult males from Isthmus of Panama 



FEMALES. 



Four adult females from Guatemala 



Three adult females from Honduras 



Two adult females from Nicaragua 



Two adult females from Costa Rica 



One adult female from Panama 



15 



16 



14.6 



15.7 



16.3 



15.2 



15 



14.5 



14.7 



15.7 



16 



' The male requires several years to attain the perfect adult plumage, and breeds in 

 the plumage indistinguishable from that of the adult female. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Ill 



Honduras).— Salvin and Sclatbr, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Yzabal).— Cabanis, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1860, 330 (Costa Rica).— Taylok, Ibis, 1860, 111 (Atlantic coast 

 Honduras).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 176 (David, Chiriqui), 

 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua) ; ix, 1868, 99 (Angostura, San Carlos, and Navarro| 

 Costa Rica).— Stimpson, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1868, 128, pi. 16.— 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Angostura, San Carlos^ Navarro, 

 Orosi, Sarapiqui, and Tucurriqui, Costa Eica) .— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1878, 55 (San Carlos and Naranjo, Costa Eica).— Ridgway, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., X, 1888, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).- Zeledon, Anal! 

 Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 109 (Navarro de Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, 

 Jimfoez, and Esparto, Costa Rica) .—Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 

 1893, 489 (Rio Escondido; habits; descr. nest and eggs).— Nutting, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 391 (bet. San Jos4 and Punta Arenas, Costa Rica), 

 499 (San Jos6). 



[Ram.pkoccelus'] passerinii Solater and Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. 



Ramphoccelus passerinii Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (David, Chiri- 

 qui).— Boucard, Liste Ois. Gaut., 1878, 33.— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 vi., 1883, 399 (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua ;habits). 



Rhamphocalus passerinii Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 

 281, pi. 18, fig. 1 (Belize and Belize R., British Honduras; Tucuru, etc., Guate- 

 mala; Barranca, etc., Costa Rica; Vivala, etc., Veragua; etc. ) .— Sclater, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 176. 



Rhamphocelus passerinii Lafbesnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1837, 2" classe, not. 81 (p. 3) 

 (description).— Salvadori, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 177 (Costa 

 Rica). 



Ramphopis passerinii Bonaparte, Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 52. 



Rhamphopi^ flammigerus (not of Jardine and Selby) Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. 

 Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 330 ("Columbia R., Oregon"). 



RAMPHOCELUS COSTARICENSIS Cherrie. 

 OHERRIE'S TANAGER. 



Similar to H. passerinii but larger; adult female and immature male 

 very different from those of Ji. passerinii, having the lower back, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts, as well as the chest "ochraceous-rufous" 

 or rufous-orange, the chest sometimes orange chrome. 



Adult male. — Intense velvety black, the whole lower back, rump, 

 and upper tail-coverts bright, pure, intense scarlet, the feathers with 

 basal half pure white and with a yellow bar between the white and 

 scarlet; bill grayish blue, with black tip; legs and feet grayish blue 

 (dusky in dried skins). 



Adult female. — "Above, whole head varying from a dusky slate 

 black to a slate gray; back and scapulars dusky yellowish olive; rump 

 and upper tail-coverts ochraceous-rufous of varying intensity in the 

 different specimens. Wings dusky brownish black, inner webs of 

 quills darkest; tail blackish. Below, chin and throat grayish; breast 

 ochraceous-rufous like the rump; the rest of lower parts yellowish 

 olive, darker along the sides. Bill black with plumbeous base. Feet, 

 dark plumbeous." (Cherrie.') 



The description quoted is given for both the adult female and the immature (at 

 that time erroneously supposed to be the adult) male. 




112 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



lonm-ature male. — Similar in color to the adult female.^ Wing, 

 77.7-80.3 (78.7); tail, 67.3-72.9(70.4); exposed culmen, 14.7-16 (15.5); 

 nostril to tip of maxilla, 12.7; tarsus, 22.1-23.4 (22.9).' 



Admit female.— Wing, 77.6-79.8 (78.5); tail, 69.6-74.2 (71.1); 

 exposed culmen, 14.7-16 (15.2); nostril to tip of maxilla, 12.7; tarsus, 

 21.6-23.9 (22.6).' 



Southwestern Costa Rica (Pozo Azul; Boruca; Palmar; Buenos 

 Aires; Navarro). 



Ramphocelus costaricengis Chereie, Aiik, viii, Jan., 1891, 62 (Pozo Azul, s. w. 



Costa Rica; coll. Costa Rica Nat. Myiarchuss.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 



531 (Navarro, Costa Rica; crit. ). 

 Ramphocmlus costaricensis Chbeeie, Auk, x, 1893, 278 (Boruca, Palmar, and Buenos 



Aires, s. w. Costa Rica; habits, song, etc.; descr. adult male). 



RAMPHOCELUS CHRYSOPTERUS Boucard. 

 GOIDEN-WnfGED TAUAGER. 



Adult male. — "Upper and under side velvet}^ black; tail and wing, 

 brownish black underside [of wings and tail?], rump and upper tail- 

 coverts magnificent topaz orange; bill, bluish. Total length, 158.7; 

 wing, 82.5; tail, 76.2; bill, 19." (Original description.*) 



Isthmus of Panama. 



It is quite impossible to tell from the ver}'^ unsatisfactory description 

 quoted above just what the characters of this species are. Judging 

 from the name it would seem that there must be some orange or yellow 

 about the wings, but the description does^ not say so; possibly by 

 "underside" (second mention of this term) is meant the under wing- 

 coverts. Should there be really yellow on the wings, even, on the 

 underside, the species would be distinct enough. Otherwise, it seems 

 to resemble H. chrysonotus,^ from central Colombia, which, however, 

 has the wings and tail wholly black, even on the "underside." 



Ramphocehis chrysopterus Boucaed, The Humming Bird, i, no. 7, July 1, 1891, 53 

 (State of Panama, Colombia; coll. A. Boucard). 



' According to Myiarchus. Cherrie the bird breeds in this plumage. An immature male in 

 the collection of the United States National Myiarchusseum differs from Myiarchus. Cherrie' s descrip- 

 tion in having the head hair brown (much deeper on pileum) instead of slate-black or 

 slate-gray, in having the breast dull orange chrome instead of ochraceous-rufous,and 

 the rump light yellowish olive, with tips of the feathers broadly dull orpiment orange, 

 the upper tail-coverts being uniformly of a rather deeper shade of the latter color. 



"Three specimens (breeding birds) ; two from Pozo Az'ul, measured by Myiarchus. Cherrie, 

 the other from Navarro. 



'Three specimens from" Pozo Azul, measured by Myiarchus. Cherrie. 



* The measurements converted from inches. 



^ R[amphocelus'] chrysonotus Lafresnaye, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., ser. 2,v, June, 1853, 

 246 (Colombia). — Rhamphoccelus chrysonotus Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 177 (Antioquia, Colombia). 



Adult male similar to that of R. icteronotus, but much larger and with the rump 

 and upper tail-coverts rich cadmium yellow, tinged with orange, instead of lemon or 

 canary yellow; wing, 88.9; tail, 73.7; exposed culmen, 15.2; tarsus, 22.4. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



113 



RAMPHOCELUS ICTERONOTUS Bonaparte. 

 TELLOW-RUMPED TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Intense glossy black; whole lower back, ramp, and 

 upper tail-coverts rich pure lemon yellow, the yellow feathers with 

 basal half pure white; bill pale blue (darker, more plumbeous in dried 

 skins) with black tip; iris red;^ legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish in 

 life); length (skins), 147.3-190.6 (169.9); wing, Y8.7-88.6 (84.1); tail, 

 69.6-78.7 (73.9); exposed culmen, 14.7-16.8 (16.2); depth of bill at base, 

 8.1-9.4 (8.9); tarsus, 22.9-24.9 (23.9); middle toe, 16.6-17.3 (16.5).' 



Admit female. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars dusky olive, 

 the scapulax'S and interscapulars, in fresh plumage, margined with 

 yellowish olive; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts clear yellow 

 (lemon or canary), the feathers with basal portion grayish; wings and 

 tail dusky, the wing-coverts and tertials margined with light olive or 

 yellowish olive; underparts yellow (canary or sulphur), deeper (lemon 

 or deep canary) on chest, paler (sometimes dull whitish) on chin; bill, 

 iris, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 162.4-174 (160.3); 

 wing, 75.7-82.8 (79.2); tail, 69.3-79 (72.4); exposed culmen, 13-15.5 

 (14.7); depth of bill at base, 7.9-8.6 (8.1); tarsus, 22.1-24.4 (23.4); 

 middle toe, 15.5-17 (16).' 



Young male in first year. — Exactly like the adult female in colora- 

 tion. 



Immature Tnale. — Variously intermediate, according to age, between 

 the adult male and female. 



Veragua (Santiago) through western and central Colombia to west- 



^ According to Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 139. 



' Ten specimens. 



' Kve specimens. 



Specimens from western Ecuador average larger than those from the Isthmus of 

 Panama, but the difference is by no means constant, and I am not able to detect any 

 constant difference in coloration, though some adult males from Guayaquil have the 

 rump paler yellow (canary yellow) than any examined from the isthmus. Average 

 measurements are as follows: 



3654r-voL 2—01- 




114 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ern and central Ecuador (Guayaquil; Pallatanga; Babahoyo; Nanegal; 

 Chinabo; Cayandeled; Pinampunga; Santa Rita; Quito), and central 

 Peru. 



Bamphocelm icteronotus Bonapaete, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 121 ("Mexico 

 and South America "); Eev. Zool., i, 1838, 8 (redescribed) . — Lafresnaye, 

 Rev. Zool., ix, 1846, 365, 366 (redescribed; crit.; Colombia, Bolivia?). — 

 ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 157 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 131 

 (monogr. ; Buenaventura and Choco Bay, w. Colombia; Guayaquil and near 

 Quito, Ecuador); 1859, 139 (Pallatanga, w. Ecuador); 1860, 65 (Pallatanga), 

 86 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador), 274 (Bababoyo, w. Ecuador); Synop. Av. Tan- 

 agr., 1856, 55; Oat. Am. Birds,1862, 80 (Nanegal, vp. Ecuador).— Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila., 1860, 141 (Turbo, Rio Atrato, and Eio Truando, 

 n. w. Colombia). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama R. R. ). — Sclatek and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1864, 250 

 (Lion Hill).— Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 332 (centr. Peru).— 

 Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 161 (Puerto Berrio, n. Colombia). 



Rlhamphocelus} icteronotus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 26 (Colombia). 



Ramphoccelus icteronotus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 139 (Santiago, 

 Veragua). — Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 501 (Antio- 

 quia, Colombia) . — Behlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1883, 546 (Chimbo, w". Ecuador; crit.); 1884, 298 (Cayandeled and Pinam- 

 punga, w. Ecuador). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., ii, 1889, 71 (Quito, 

 Ecuador). 



IBamphoccelus'] icteronotus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. 



Rhamphoecelus icteronotus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., Aves, i, 1883, 

 282.— Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 177 (Santiago, Veragua; 

 Paraiso Station and Panama, Panama B. R. ; Choco Bay, Sallango, " Bogota," 

 Remedies, and Medellin, prov. Antioquia, Colombia; Guayaquil, Pallatanga, 

 Nanegal, and Santa Rita, w. Ecuador). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1899, 307 (Ibague, centr. Colombia). — Salvadoei and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool. 

 etc., Torino, xv, no. 357, 1899, 18 (Gualea, Vinces, Intac, and Foreste del Eio 

 Peripa, w. Ecuador; crit.). 



R[amphopis1 icteronotus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 363. 



Eamphopis icteronotus Du Bus, Esquiss. Cm., 1845, pi. 15 (Guayaquil). 



Ramphoceles icteronotus Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 292 (Esmeraldas, 

 w. Ecuador). 



Ramphocelus varians Lafeesnaye, Rev. Zool., x, 1847, 216, part. 



RAMPHOCELUS INEXPECTATUS Rothschild. 

 ROTHSCHILD'S TANAGER. 



Admit male. — "Chin, sides of neck, head, hind neck, interscapulium, 

 wings, with upper and under coverts, tail, center of abdomen, and 

 thighs black; rest of plumage bright yellow. This yellow is much 

 darker than that of the rump in Rh. icteronotue, Bp. , but not orange 

 as in Bh. chrysopterus, Bouc. On the occiput are a number of scat- 

 tered feathers bordered with yellow; this may or may not be the 

 remains of immature plumage. Total length, 155 mm.; wing, 82; 

 tail, 70; culmen, 16; tarsus, 20. 



'■'■Ilahitat. — Panama." (Original description.) 



Rhamplwasiixs inexpectatus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. xlii, Feb. 27, 

 1897, p. xxxii (Panama; coll. TringMyiarchuss. 7). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 115 



RAMPHOCELUS FESTAE Salvadori. 

 FESTA'S TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Velvety black; lower back, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts scarlet; upper breast with a broad transverse semilunar band 

 of dull red; sides tinged with red; anal feathers scarlet; bill plum- 

 beous, feet black. Total length, 166; wing, 80; tail,' 72; culmen, 15; 

 tarsus, 22. 



Rahitat. — Chiriqui, Central America. 



Similar to Ram/phocehis jjasserinii, but much smaller, and distin- 

 guished by the transverse band of red on upper breast, the sides tinged 

 with red, and the anal feathers red. (Translation of original descrip- 

 tion.) 



Rhamphoeoelus festae Salvadobi, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xi, no. 

 249, July 4, 1896, 1 (Chiriqui; coll. Turin Myiarchuss.). 



RAMPHOCELUS DUNSTALLI Rothschild. 

 BUNSTALL'S TANAGER. 



Adidt male. — "Head, neck, and throat black, washed all over with a 

 dull crimson flush. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brilliant 

 crimson orange; these feathers with their basal halves white. Wing- 

 coverts, wings, and tail black. Chest orange-crimson. Abdomen, 

 flanks, and under tail-coverts rufous orange; the center of abdomen 

 has the appearance of being intermixed with black, as the feathers 

 there have black instead of white bases, and a few also black tips. 

 Thighs black. Wing, 80; tail, 73.7; tarsus, 20.3; culmen, 16.8. 



"Eeceived from Myiarchus. K. Dunstall, after whom I have named it. By 

 the make of the skin it evidently came from Central America, and 

 probably from Panama." (Original description.^) 



Rhamphocodm dunstalli Rothschild, Novit. Zool., ii, no. 4, Dec, 1895, 481 

 (Panama?; coll. TringMyiarchuss.). 



RAMPHOCELUS LUCIANI Lafresnaye. 

 BONAPARTE'S TANAGER, 



Adult male. — Head and neck all round, upper part of chest, back, 

 scapulars, wings, tail, abdomen, and median portion of breast, chest, 

 under wing-coverts, and axillars black, the neck (sometimes whole head 

 also) and back more or less tinged with dusky red or maroon, some- 

 times the whole head, neck, upper chest, and back wholly maroon, 

 except on concealed portion of the feathers; lower back, rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, under tail-coverts, and lateral portions of under side of 

 body (broadly) uniform glossy scarlet or scarlet-vermilion; maxilla 

 black; mandible pale bluish gray, with terminal third (approximately) 

 black; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 157.5-160 



1 The measurements converted from inches and tenths. 




116 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(158.8); wing, 78.7-81.3 (80); tail, 72.4-74.2 (73.2); exposed culmen, 

 14-14.5 (14.2); depth of bill at base, 4.8-5.1; tarsus, 21.6-22.4 (21.8); 

 middle toe, 14.7-15.2 (15).^ 



Aclmlt female. — Head, neck, and upper chest uniform sepia brown; 

 interscapulars, scapulars, and smaller wing-coverts dusky, broadly 

 margined with lighter sepia brown, the back tinged with tawny olive; 

 greater wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices dusky, edged with light 

 sepia brown ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts orpiment orange; 

 under parts of body light buffy orange, slightly paler on abdomen, 

 deeper (inclining to orpiment orange) on under tail-coverts; bill bluish 

 gray basallj^, dusky terminally; legs and feet dusky horn color (in 

 dried skins); length (skins), 152.4; wing, 79.8; tail, 72.4; exposed cul- 

 men, 14.5; greatest width of mandibular rami, 3.8; tarsus, 21.6; mid- 

 dle toe, 15.^ 



Northern Colombia (Cartagena) to Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill 

 station, Panama Railroad). 



1 have not been able to examine a specimen from the type locality 

 of this species (Cartagena), but the original description applies fairly 

 well to the Panama bird. The birds from eastern Peru, usually 

 referred to this species, however, are very distinct, and should proba- 

 bly bear the name Ramphocehis mslanogaster Swainson.' 



Bhamphocekts ludani Lafhesnaye, Eev. Zool., i, Apr., 1838, 54 (Cartagena, Colom- 

 bia; coll. Lafresnaye). — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 242. — Sclateb, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 130 (monogr. ; Cartagena) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 

 1856, 54.— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y. , vii,1861, 331 (Lion Hill, PanamaE. E. ). • 



Tanagra (Ehamphocelus) ludani Lafresnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool., s^r. 2, 1839, Ois., 

 p. 1, pi. 2. 



Rhamphocoslus ludani Salvin and Godman, Biol.-Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 284, 

 part (Lion Hill; Colombia). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 173, 

 part (Panama; Colombia). 



Rlamphopis] ludani Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 363. 



RAMPHOCELUS DIMIDIATUS DIMIDIATUS Lafresnaye. 

 CSIUSON-BACKED TANAGEB. 



Admit male. — Head, neck, upper chest, back, and scapulars plain 

 dark crimson-maroon, the feathers graj basally and more or less 

 broadly black medially, the subbasal black somewhat exposed on scap- 

 ulars; wings and tail uniform black; lower back, rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and under parts of body (except abdomen) blood red; abdomen 

 black; maxilla black, mandible bluish gray (pale blue in life?); legs 

 and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 149.9- 

 164.9 (151.9);* wing, 75.7-81.3 (77.5); tail, 66.8-71.6 '69.1); exposed 



' Two specimens, both from Panama. 

 ' One specimen, from Panama. 



■'' Ramphopis melanogaster Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 359 (Peru; coll. Sir W. 

 Hooker). 

 *Six specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



117 



culmen, 12.Y-15.2 (13.7); greatest width of mandibular rami, 4.8-5.3 

 (5.1); tarsus, 19.8-22.1 (20.6); middle toe, 13.6-15.2 (14).' 



AdAilt female. — Head and neck uniform dark seal brown, darker 

 (almost brownish black) on pileum and hindneck, the forehead and 

 lores slightly tinged with dusky reddish; interscapulars and scapulars 

 dusky centrally, broadly margined with dark brownish red or reddish 

 brown; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brownish red (dull 

 vermilion, coral red, or dull poppy red); wings and tail blackish brown, 

 the wing-coverts with distinct brown or reddish brown edgings, the 

 remiges and rectrices with narrower and less distinct edgings of the 

 same, sometimes obsolete or altogether wanting; under parts of body 

 and under tail-coverts dull brownish red; bill blackish, with mandibular 

 rami grayish or brownish; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins) ; length, 

 (skins), 145.3-163.6 (154.9); wing, 74.4^-78.2 (76.2); tail, 66.3-74.7 

 (70.1); exposed culmen, 13.2-14.7 (14); greatest width of mandibular 

 rami, 4.6-5.1 (4.8); tarsus, 20.3-21.8 (21.1); middle toe, 13-14.7 (14).' 



Young. — Similar in color to adult female, but texture of plumage 

 very different (loose and " woolly"). 



Colombia (Bogota; Santa Myiarchusrta; Cartagena; etc.'), northward along 

 Caribbean coast to Chiriqui. 



Ramphocelm dimidiatus Lapresnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool., ser. 7, 1837, classe ii, not- 

 Ixxxi, pi. 81 (Cartagena, Colombia). — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 

 242.— ScLATEE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 156 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 

 129 (monogr. ; Cartagena, Santa Myiarchusrta, and Bogota, Colombia; Chiriqui?; 

 Veragua?; "Nicaragua"), 149 (Venezuela); 1858, 73 (Rio Napo, e. Ecua- 

 dor); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 53; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 79 (Colombia).— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 141 (Turbo, n. Colombia.— (?) Law- 

 KENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 176 (David, Chiriqui). — Sclatee and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1868, 627 (Venezuela); 1870, 780 (do.).— 

 (?) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187, part (Myiarchusna de Chorcha, 

 Chiriqui). — Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 326 (Colombia; descr. nest and eggs). — 

 Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 161 (Myiarchusgdalena R. and Guaduas, 

 Colombia). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 141 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia), 159 (Puebla Viejo, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta), 179 (Palomina and San 

 Myiarchusguel, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 168 

 (Cacagualito, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta) . 



' Ten specimens. 

 ^ Seven specimens. 



'Specimens from central Colombia (" Bogota") average larger than those from the 

 northern coast district, average measurements being as follows: 




118 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Eamphoccelus dimidiatus (?) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138, part (David, 

 Chiriqui).— ScLATERand Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 501 (Antioquia, 

 Colombia). 



[Eamphoccelus] dimidiatus Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21, part. 



Ehampliocoslus dimidiatus Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, 120 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 283, part.— Sclater, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchusg., xi, 1886, 172 (San Antonio and Kemedios, prov. Antioquia, etc., 

 Colombia; Zulia, Venezuela, etc.).— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 191 

 (Bogota). — Bbrlepsch, Jour, fiir Cm., 1884, 291 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). 



Blhamphocelus} dimidiatus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 25 (Colombia). 



Ehamphocelus dimidiatus Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Ajnbalema 

 and Ibague, oentr. Colombia). 



Elamphopis} dimidiatus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 863. 



Eamphocelus dimidiatus dimidiatus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 

 1901, 150, in text. 



RAMPHOCELUS DIMIDIATUS ISTHMICUS Ridgway. 

 FANAUA CRIKSOIT-BACEED TANAGER, 



Similar to M. d. dimidiatits, but tail longer; adult male with colors 

 less bright, the red not so pure, the black abdominal patch more 

 brown; adult female with head and neck decidedly lighter brown and 

 coloration in general decidedly lighter and duller. 



Advlt ma^e.— Length (skins), 156.2-160 (158); wing, 78.7-79.2 

 (78.7); tail, 72.4^75.9 (73.9); exposed cubnen, 13.5-14 (13.7); greatest 

 width of mandibular rami, 4.8-5.3 *(5.1); tarsus, 20.3-22.1 (21.1); 

 middle toe, 14-15.2 (14.5).' 



Adult female.— 'LQugth. (skins), 152.4-170.7 (163.1); wing, 73.7- 

 78.7 (75.9); tail, 68.3-78.7 (72.1); exposed culmen, 13.2-16.2 (14.2); 

 greatest width of mandibular rami, 4.3-4.6 (4.3); tarsus, 20.8-22.1 

 (21.3); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.5).' 



Isthmus of Panama (Frijole and Lion Hill stations, Panama Rail- 

 road; Panama). 



Eamphocelus dimidiatus (not of Lafresnaye) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 



1861, 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 



Soc. Lend., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill).— (?) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 



187, part (Castillo, Chitra, Cordillera delChucu, and Calovevora, Veragua). 

 (?) Eamphoccelus dimidiatus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Santa F^, 



Veragua) . 

 Ehamphocelus dimidiatus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 30 (Loma 



del Leon, Panama R. R. ). 

 [Eamphocwlus'] dimidiatus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21, part. 

 Ehamphocodus dimidiatus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 



283, part (Paraiso Station, Panama, etc., Panama R. R. ). 

 Eamphocelus dimidiatus isthmians Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 



1901, 150 (Frijole Station, Panama R. R.; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



' Four specimens. '' Seven specimens. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 119 



RAMPHOCELUS DIMIDIATUS LIMATUS (Bangs). 

 SAN MIGUEL TANAGER, 



Similar to B. d. isthmious, but smaller; adult male with head, neck, 

 and back lighter crimson-maroon, lesser and middle wing-coverts 

 broadly tipped with crimson-maroon, greater coverts and tertials 

 edged with a duller shade of the same, dusky of abdomen more 

 restricted, sometimes obsolete; adult female similar in coloration to 

 R. d. isthmicus, but averaging rather paler and decidedly smaller, 

 especially the tail. 



AdAilt male.— Length, (skins), 148.6-152.4: (151.1); wing, 75.7-78.7 

 (77); tail, 64^69.3 (67.1); exposed oulmen, 13.2-11.7 (13.7); greatest 

 width of mandibular rami, 4.6-5.1 (4.8); tarsus, 19.1-20.8(20.1); mid- 

 dle toe, 13-14 (13.2).^ 



Adult female.— Length, (skins), 146.1-147.3 (146.6); wing, 73.2-75.7 

 (74.4); tail, 64.8-68.6 (66.5); exposed culmen, llr-14.7 (14.2); greatest 

 width of mandibular rami, 4.1-4.6 (4.3); tarsus, 19.8-20.6 (20.1); mid- 

 dle toe, 12.4-13.2 (12.7).' 



Island of San Myiarchusguel, Bay of Panama. 



Bhamphocelus limatus Bangs, Auk, xviii, Jan., 1901, 31 (San Myiarchusguel I., Bay of 

 Panama; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs). 



RAMPHOCELUS UROPYGIALIS Bonaparte. 

 MAROON-HEADED TANAGER. 



Adn.iltmale. — "Above brownish black; lower part of rump and upper 

 tail-coverts bright crimson; head and neck all round dark crimson; 

 abdomen bright crimson, with a central patch on the belly and slight 

 flammulations on the sides black; thighs black; bill black; lower man- 

 dible except the tip bluish white; feet brown; whole length,- 172.7; 

 wing, 83.8; tail, 78.7." 



'''' Habitat. — Guatemala. 



"This species is most like R. luciani, but at once recognizable by 

 the blood-red uropygium and upper tail-coverts, the rest of the back 

 being dark brownish black. The type specimen is at present unique." 

 (Sclater.) 



(?) Ramphocelus affinis Lesson, Rev. Zool., iii, 1840, 1 (Mexico). 



(?) R[amphocelus] affirm Lesson, Rev. Zool., iii, 1840, 133 (Colombia; fuller 



description) . 

 Ramphocelus uropygialis Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Apr., 1851, 178 



(Guatemala; coll. P. L. Sclater); Note sur les Tang., 1851, 29. — Sclater, 



' Seven specimens. 



' Two specimens. 



'Measurements converted from inches and tenths. 




120 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 130 (monogr.); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 54; 



Oat. Am. Birds, 1862, 79 (Guatemala) .— Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 193. 

 [Ramphoccelus] uropygialis SchATER a.nd Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. 

 Rhamphoccdm uropygialis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 



284, pi. 18, fig. 2.— SoLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 173 (Guatemala). 



Genus PHLOGOTHRAUPIS Selater and Salvin. 



Phlogothraupis^ Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21, 155. (Type, Tana- 

 gra {Tachyphonus) sanguinolentus IjeaBon.) 



Similar to Jiamphocelus, but bill different and sexes alike in color. 



Culmen broad, rounded, not I'idged; maxilla deeper than mandible, 

 its tip slightly uncinate but not notched; mandibular rami much 

 shorter than gonys, truncate posteriorly. Wing rather long (about 

 four and one-third times as long as tarsus), but rounded, as .in 

 Hamphocekis. Tail about six-sevenths as long as wing, rounded, the 

 rectrices rather broader and more pointed at tips than in Ra/m/phocdus. 



Color atwn. — Black, with broad ring around neck (widening on chest) 

 and extending over top of head to center of forehead), and tail-coverts 

 blood-red; bill pale blue or bluish white. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Costa Rica. (Monotypic.) 



PHLOGOTHRAUPIS SANGUINOLENTA (Lesson). 

 CRIUSON-COLLAIIEI) TANAGEB. 



Admits (sexes alike}. — General color deep black, with a faint bluish 

 gloss, most apparent on back, scapulars, and margins of wing-coverts; 

 occiput, greater part of crown, hindneck, sides of neck, entire chest, 

 lower rump, and upper and under tail-coverts, blood red; under wing- 

 coverts vermilion red; bill pale grayish blue in life, whitish basally, 

 dark grayish terminally, in dried skins; iris red;^ legs and feet grayish 

 dusky (in dried skins). 



Young {first plumage). — Sooty black, without gloss; blood-red areas 

 of the adult replaced by more broken areas of brownish red or dull 

 vermilion, the chest with only scattered feathers with broad red tips; 

 under wing-coverts pale brownish red; bill pale horn-color (in dried 

 skins). 



Admit maZe.— Length (skins), 160-186.7 (174.8); wing, 85.9-9-4.2 

 (88.6); tail, 72.1-82 (79); exposed culmen, 15.2-17 (15.5); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.4^9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 20.6-22.9 (21.8); middle toe, 15.3- 

 17.3 (16.3).^ 



Adult female.— L&ngth. (skins), 166.4^193 (178.8); wing, 83.1-88.9 

 (87.4); tail, 72.4^81.3 (79); exposed culmen, 15-16.7 (16.5); depth of 



' " $Xoydi,Jlamma et ipaavitii, nom. propr." 

 ^ C. 0. Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 400. 

 * Eleven specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



121 



bill at base, 8.1-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 20.8-22.1 (21.6); middle toe, 15.2- 

 16.5 (16).^ 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa, Cordova, 

 VaUe Real, Motzorongo, etc.), Oaxaca (Playa Vicente), and Tabasco 

 (Teapa) southward through Central America to Costa Rica (Cartago, 

 Navarro de Cartago, Angostura, Orosi, San Carlos, Sarapiqui, etc.). 



Tanagra (Tachyphonm) sanguinolentus Lbsson, Cent. Zool., 1830, 107, pi. 39 

 (Mexico). 



Tlachyphonus] sanguinolentus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 365. 



[Bamphocelus'] sanguinolentus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850,242. 



R[hamphoceliis} sanguinolentus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 26 (Mexico). 



Ramphocelus sanguinolentus Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856,132 (monogr.; 

 Valle Real and Cordova, Vera Cruz; Coban, Guatemala; Camalacan R., near 

 Truxillo, Honduras), 303 (Cordova); 1859,59 (Honduras and Guatemala), 

 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 377 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 

 1856,56; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 80 (Honduras; Vera Cruz).— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1859,16 (coast Honduras); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 278 

 (Mosquito coast, Nicaragua); 1870,836 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Moore, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 59 (Peten, Guatemala) . — Lawrence, Ann. Lye, 

 N. Y., ix, 1868, 99 (Navarro and Angostura, Costa Rica).— Feantzius, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1869,299 (Orosi, San Carlos, and Sarapiqui, Costa Rica). — 

 Sdmichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (hot region Vera Cruz, up 

 to 4,000 ft) .—Salvin, Ibis, 1872,316 (Chontales, Nicaragua). 



[Phlogothraupis'] sanguinolenta Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. 



PMogothraupis sanguinolenta Boucaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (Orosi, 

 Costa Rica); Liste Ois. Guat., 1877, 33. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves., i, 1883, 285 (Belize and Belize R., British Honduras; near Coban, 

 Choctum,Cahabon, and Yzabal, Guatemala; etc.). — Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 400 (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua; food). — Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. 



' Seven specimens. 



Average measurements of specimens from different localities are as follows: 



I am not able to discover any color differences between extreme northern and 

 extreme southern specimens; the series of the latter is very small, however. 




122 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 178.— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Car- 

 tago and Navarro de Cartage, Costa Rica).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1888, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 

 1893,489 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, and Rio Frio, Costa Rica; habits; 

 descr. nest and eggs). 



Genus LANIO Vieillot. 



Lanio Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 40. (Type, Tanagra atricapilla Gmelin.) 

 Pogonothraupis^ Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 669. 

 (Substitute for Lanio Vieillot. ) 



Medium sized to rather large Tanagers, with the maxilla compressed 

 and abruptly hooked at tip, the tomium with a conspicuous median 

 tooth; adult males with the plumage mainly black and yellow. 



Bill nearly as long as the head, much compressed and strongly hooked 

 terminally, the maxillary tomium with a conspicuous tooth-like pro- 

 jection about, or a little less than, one-third the distance toward base; 

 mandibular tomium obliquely beveled at tip, then faintly concave to 

 beneath the maxillary tooth, then slightly arched for about the basal 

 two-thirds; culmen nearly as long as tarsus, nearly or quite sti'aight 

 for most of its length; gonys decidedly shorter than length of maxilla 

 from nostril. Nostril partly concealed by distinct antrorse frontal 

 bristles, rather large, nearly circular. Rictal bristles conspicuous; 

 mental bristles distinct, strongly recurved. Wing about £ve and one- 

 third to five and three-fourths times as long as the short tarsus, rounded 

 (eighth to fifth primaries longest, ninth not longer than fourth); pri- 

 maries exceeding secondaries by -about length of tarsus or a little 

 more. Tail shorter than wing by not more (usually much less) than 

 length of tarsus, slightly rounded, the rectrices rather broad, with 

 rounded or very slightly pointed tips. Legs and feet comparatively 

 very weak; tarsus little if any longer than exposed culmen; middle 

 toe with claw about as long as tarsus; lateral claws falling a little 

 short of base of middle claw; hind claw shorter than its digit. 



Coloration. — Adult males with head, wings, and tail black, the rest 

 of the plumage mainly yellowish, with a white patch between scapu- 

 lars and lesser wing-coverts; females brownish above, paler, some- 

 timeh tinged with yellow below, the throat sometimes grayish or 

 whitish. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Trinidad, Bolivia, and Ecuador. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LANIO. 



a. Back and under parts of body yellow; head, wings, and tail black. (Adult 

 males. ) 

 6. Throat black. (Southern Mexico to Honduras.) 



Lanio anrantins, adult male (p. 12S) 

 66. Throat white or buffy. 



' "ndayoov, Bart; &pafntU nom propr." 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 123 



c. Lower back and rump yellow. (Central Nicaragua to central Costa Rica. ) 



Lanio leuoothorax, adult male (p. 124) 

 cc. Lower back and rump black. (Veragua, Chiriqui, and soutliwestern Oosta 



Kica. ) Lanio melanopygins, adult male (p. 125) 



m. Back, wings, and tail brown; head brown or grayish, much paler on throat; 



under parts of body dingy yellow. 



h. Throat light gray; flanks yellow, tinged with olive-brown; under tail-coverts 



yellow or dull orange; rump yellowish.. Lanio anrantius, adult female (p. 123) 



. hb. Throat light brown or grayish brown; flanks and under tail-coverts tawny or 



yellowish cinnamon; rump not yellowish. 



c. More russet-brown above, the head umber brown, and throat wood brown, or 



isabella color Lanio leucothorax, adult female (p. 124) 



cc. More olive-brown above, the head olive, and throat grayish brown or brown- 

 ish gray Lanio melauopygius, adult female (p. 125) 



LANIO AURANTIUS Lafresnaye. 

 MEXICAN' SHRIEE-TANAGEB. 



Adult mule. — Head, neck (except lower foreneck), scapulars, wings 

 (except part of lesser and middle coverts), tail, and thighs uniform 

 black; inner portion of lesser wing-covert area and innermost middle 

 coverts (except tips) white; back, rump, and under parts of body yel- 

 low (grading from cadmium yellow on back to canary yellow on pos- 

 terior under parts); lower foreneck tawny, the chest more or less 

 tinged with the same; under wing-coverts white, with broad black 

 external border; upper tail-coverts black, the shorter ones yellow with 

 black central areas; bill black; legs and feet dusky; length (skins), 

 179.1-205.7 (190.8); wing, 104.4-106.7 (105.4); tail, 89.2-96.5 (93); 

 exposed culmen, 18-20.6 (19.6); depth of bill at base, 8.6-10.2 (9.1); 

 tarsus, 19.3-20.6 (20.1) middle toe, 14-16 (16.2).' 



Admit femMe. — Pileum and hindneck dark olive, usually more or 

 less tinged with slate-gray, especially on forehead; back and scapulars 

 olive-brown, the lower back lighter and more tawny, or ochraceous- 

 olive, this passing into olive-ochraceous or dull gallstone-yellow on 

 rump; wings and tail plain brown (intermediate between raw umber 

 and mars brown); sides of head similar to pileum but not quite so dark 

 and rather grayer, passing into smoke gray on chin, throat, and fore- 

 neck; under parts of body lemon yellow, shaded with olive on chest, 

 sides, and flanks; the latter slightly more fulvous; under tail-coverts 

 fulvous-yellow or ochraceous-orange; maxilla blackish, mandible paler, 

 more horn color; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 176.3-196.9 (183.9); wing, 94-99.6 (97); tail, 79.8-91.2 (85.6); 

 exposed culmen, 17.6-19.3 (18.5); depth of bill at base, 8.9-9.7 (9.1); 

 tarsus, 18.8-19.8 (19.3); middle toe, 13.6-14.2 (14).' 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Orizaba, Santecoma- 

 pan, etc.), Oaxaca (Guichicovi), and Tabasco (Teapa), Guatemala (Coban, 

 Chisec, Choctum, Kampamak, Kamkhal, etc.), British Honduras 

 (Belize), and Honduras. 



* Seven specimens. ^ Five specimens. 




L24 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Lanio aurantius Lafeesnaye, Rev. ZooL, iv, 1846, 204 ("Colombia;" coll. Lafres- 

 iiaye'). — Du Bus, Esquis. Orn., 1845(?),pl. 21. — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 

 1850, 240.— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 119, 303 (Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz; Honduras); 1857, 229 (Santecomapan, Vera Cruz); Synop. Av. 

 Tanagr., 1856, 43; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 83 (Guatemala; Vera Cruz); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 202 (Santecomapan; Brit. Honduras; Coban, 

 Clioctum, Cbisec, andKamkhal, Guatemala; Honduras). — ScLATBKand Sal- 

 viN, Ibis, 1859, 15 (Honduras); Exotic Orn., pt. iv, 1867, 61, pi. 31.— Sxjmi- 

 CHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (tierra caliente. Vera Cruz). — 

 Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 19 (Guichicovi, Oaxaca).— 

 Boucard, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1873, 304 (Belize, Britisb Honduras; Kampamak, Guatemala, 

 etc. ) . 



L[anio] aurantius Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, App., 1849, 16. 



[Lanio] aurantius Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. 



LANIO LEUCOTHORAX Salvin. 

 WHITE-THROATED SHRIKE-TAlfAGER. 



Adult male. — Head and neck (except throat and foreneck), scapulars, 

 wings (except innermost lesser and middle coverts), tail, and thighs 

 black; throat and foreneck white, the first margined laterally with black, 

 the last tinged with buff or decidedly of this color; innermost lesser 

 and middle wing-coverts white, the former with basal half (concealed) 

 abruptly blackish, the latter with terminal or subterminal roundish or 

 transverse spots of black; back bright chrome yellow, fading to lemon 

 yellow on rump, the feathers of both grayish basally with a blackish 

 bar between the gray and yellow, this subterminal blackish broadest 

 on rump; upper tail-coverts black, the shorter ones with yellowish or 

 fulvous tips; under parts of body lemon yellow; under tail-coverts paler 

 yellow, with concealed portion largely (sometimes mostly) blackish; 

 bill black; iris brown;^ legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 182.9-195.6 (190); wing, 99.1-102.9 (100.6); tail, 86.4-89.4 

 (87.4); exposed culmen, lY.8-19.3 (18.5); depth of bill at base, 8.4-9.7 

 (9.1); tarsus, 18-19.6 (19.1); middle toe, 12.7-14.2 (13.5).' 



Adult female. — Pileum uniform sepia brown; sides of head similar 

 but slightly paler; back, scapulars, wings, and tail plain rich brown 

 (intermediate between tawny -olive and mummy brown), the color 

 fading gradually on rump into light tawny -olive or olive-tawny; chin, 

 throat, and foreneck light wood brown ; under parts of body yellow, 

 pure on median portion of breast and abdomen, duller (more wax 

 yellow) on chest and sides, passing into cinnamon-tawny on flanks; 

 under tail-coverts lighter cinnamon-tawny, margined with yellow; 

 maxilla blackish; mandible dusky terminally, horn color basally, legs 

 and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skin), 191.8; wing, 



' Types now in the collection of tbe Boston Society of Natural History. 

 '^ Carmiol, manuscript. 

 'Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 125 



96.5; tail, 84.6; exposed culmen, 18.5; deoth of bill at base, 9.1; 

 tarsus, 17.5; middle toe, 14. 



Eastern Nicaragua (Chontales) to central Costa Rica (Angostura; 

 Tucurrique; Pacuare). 



Lank) leucothorax Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 581 (Tucurriqui, Cosfa 

 Kica; coll. Salvin and Godman); Ibis, 1872, 317 ^Chontales, Nicaragua). — 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (Angostura, Oosta Eica). — 

 SoLATEE and Salvin, Exotic Orn., pt. iv, 1867, 63, part, pi. 32 (fig. of 

 female). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 100 (Tucurrique, Angos- 

 tura, and Pacuare, Costa Rica). — Feantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 

 (Costa Eica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 305. — 

 Sclatek, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 203. — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. 

 Costa Eica, i, 1887, 110 (Costa Eica) . 



[Laniol leucothorax ScIjAt-er and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part. 



LANIO MELANOPYGIUS Salvin and Godman. 

 BLACE-BtTMFEI) SHRIEE-TANAGER, 



Similar to Z. leucothorax, but adult male with rump and tail-coverts 

 black, and throat duller white or buffy; adult female with throat and 

 chest grayer and rump darker. 



Achdtmale. — Head and neck (except throat and foreneck), scapulars, 

 wings (except innermost lesser and middle coverts), lower back, i-ump, 

 upper and under tail-coverts, thighs, and tail black; innermost lesser 

 and middle wing-coverts white, the latter with black tips ; interscapular 

 region rich lemon or chrome yellow; throat soiled white or dull buffy 

 white, the lateral anterior portion and the chin black; whitish of 

 throat passing into a more decided (sometimes strongly) buffy hue on 

 chest; under parts of body lemon yellow; under tail-coverts black, more 

 or less margined (the shorter ones at least) with canary yellow; bill 

 black; iris dark brown; ^ tarsi horn brownish (in dried skins), toes 

 darker; length (skins), 178-190 (181); wing, 96.5-102 (99.8); tail, 

 83-93 (89.3); exposed culmen, 18.5-20 (19.1); depth of bill at base, 

 9-10 (9.2); tarsus, 18-20 (19.1); middle toe, 13.6-15 (14).' 



Adult female. — Pileum olive, passing into olive-bx-own or deep raw 

 umber on back, this into tawny -olive on rump, the wings and tail colored 

 much like the back; sides of head similar in color to pileum, but 

 slightly grayer, passing into light hair brown on chin, throat, and 

 chest; breast and sides light yellowish olive or olive-yellow, passing 

 into a more tawnj'-'olive hue on flanks; mediaif portion of breast and 

 abdomen lemon yellow; under tail-coverts cinnamon; bill blackish, 

 the maxilla becoming horn color basally; legs and feet dusky (in dried 

 skin); length (skin), 170-182 (177); wing, 86-94.5 (91.5); tail, 77.5-88 

 (83); exposed culmen, 18-19 (18.8); depth of bill at base, 8.5-9 (8.6); 

 tarsus, 17.6-18 (17.9); middle toe, 12.5-16 (13.9).=" 



' Heyde, manuscript. ' Seven specimens. ' Five specimens. 




126 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Southwestern Costa Rica (Pirris, Pozo Azul de Pital, etc.), south 

 to Veragua (Cordillerra de Tole, Santiago, Cordillera del Chucu, 

 Chitra, Calovevora, Santa Fe) and Chiriqui (Bugaba, Volcan de Chiri- 

 qui, Divala, etc.) 



Lanio kucothorax (not of Salvin, 1864) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1867, 

 139 (Cordillera deToM, Santiago, Calovevora, and Santa E6, Veragua; crit.); 

 1870, 188 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Cordillera del Chucu, 

 and Chitra, Veragua). — Sclatbr and Salvin, Exotic Om., pt. iv, 1867, 63, 

 part, pi. 32 (fig. of male). 



Lanio melanopygius Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 39, 

 Dec. 1883, 305 (ex "Lanio leucothorax melanopygius, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss. 1883;'' Bugaba, Chiriqui; coll. Salvin and Godman). — TIidgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, no. 26, Apr. 11, 1884, 412 (Pirris, Coata Eica; 

 crit.).— ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 203. — Zeledon, Anal. 

 Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 110 (Pozo Azul de Pirris, s. w. Costa Eica).— 

 Chekrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 (Pozo Azul de Pital, 

 s. w. Costa Eica; descr. young). 



Genus PH.<ENICOPHILUS Strickland. 



Phsenicophilus Strickland, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 104. (Type, Turdm 

 palmarum Linnaeus.) 



Medium sized, plainl}' colored Tanagers with the bill rather small 

 and slender (exposed culmen, however, at least two-thirds as long as 

 tarsus), tail even, shorter than length of wing to tips of secondaries, 

 and outermost (ninth) primary longer than third; adults olive-green 

 above, gray or gray and white beneath, the head chiefly black. 



Bill nearly as long as head, slender-conoid, its depth at base much 

 less than half the length of exposed culmen, and about equal to or 

 slightly greater than its basal width; exposed culmen about four-fifths 

 as long as tarsus, nearly straight for about the basal half, then grad- 

 ually decurved to the slightly uncinate tip; gonys a little shorter than 

 distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, nearly straight; maxillary 

 tomium gently concave throughout, distinctly notched subterminally; 

 mandibular tomium faintly convex terminally, then straight to the 

 decided but not abrupt basal deflection. Nostril wholly exposed, 

 nearly circular, in anterior end of nasal fossae, bordered behind by 

 membrane. Rictal bristles short, indistinct. Wing moderate (about 

 three and a half to three and three-fourths times as long as the rather 

 long tarsus), rounded* (seventh and sixth primaries longest, ninth 

 shorter than fifth) ; primaries exceeding secondaries by less than length 

 of maxilla from nostril. Tail shorter than wing by considerably less 

 than length of tarsus, even or very slightly rounded, the rectrices 

 rather narrow, with firm webs and rounded tips. Tarsus decidedly 

 longer than middle toe with claw; outer claw reaching to base of mid- 

 dle claw, the inner claw not quite so far; hind claw shorter than its 

 digit — all the claws well curved and sharp. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 127 



Coloration.— AhoYQ plain olive-green; top and sides of head black, 

 or gray with white supraloral, supraauricular, and suborbital marks; 

 beneath bluish gray and white. Sexes alike. 



^amj/e.— Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. (Two species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PH^NICOPHILUS. 



a. Crown and occiput black; whole throat and median portion of chest, breast, and 



abdomen white. (Haiti. ) Phaenicophilus palmarum, adults (p. 127) 



m. Crown and occiput gray, like hindneck; median portion of throat gray; whole of 



chest, breast, and abdomen, as well as sides and flanks, gray. (Haiti. ) 



Phaenicophilus poliocephalus, adults, (p. 128) 



PH.ffi;NICOPHILUS PALMARUM (Linnaeus). 

 PALM TANAGER. 



Advlt {sexes alike). — Pileum and sides of head black, sharply defined 

 below and posteriorly, relieved by a large white spot on each side of 

 forehead, a white spot on lower eyelid, and a broad white supraauricular 

 streak (beginning near of middle upper eyelid); malar region, chin, 

 whole throat, and median portion of chest, breast, and abdomen white; 

 hindneck and sides of neck slate-gray, passing into lighter gray (no. 7 

 or cinereous) on sides of breast, sides, and flanks; rest of upper parts 

 plain yellowish olive-green; edge of wing light yellow; maxilla black; 

 mandible grayish or horn color (in dried skins), becoming black at tip; 

 iris dark brown; legs and feet horn color or dusky (in dried skins). 



Admit maZe.— Length (skins), 157.5-160 (158.8); wing, 82.8-87.6 

 (85.1); tail, 66.5-71.1 (68.8); exposed culmen, 17.3-18.3 (17.8); depth 

 of bill at base (one specimen), 7.6; tarsus, 23.1-24.6 (23.9); middle 

 toe, 15-16 (15.5). 1 



AdAilt female.— h&nigt}! (skin), 166.4; wing, 83.1; tail, 71.1; exposed 

 culmen, 16; depth of bill at base, 6.4; tarsus, 23.4; middle toe, 16.^ 



Young. — "Similar to the adults, except that the black of the head 

 is replaced by dusky grayish or slate color, and the entire head, neck, 

 and breast are washed with olive yellowish." (Cherrie.) 



Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 



[Tu,rdus\ palmarum LiNN.»ns, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 295 (based on Le Pal- 

 miste Brisson, Orn., ii, 301, and Le Palmiste A ietenoir Brisson, Orn., ii, 303). — 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 824.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 356. 



Tachyphonus palmarum Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 359; 

 Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 803. 



Ar\remm] palmarum Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., p. 16. 



Arremon palmarum Bbyant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. , xi, 1866, 92. 



PhsenicophUus palmarum Strickland, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 104. 



Phcenicophilus palmarum Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 84 (monogr. ); 

 1857, 232; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 22; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 92; Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 234.— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 198.— 

 CoKY, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 152 (Haiti; habits, etc.); Birds Haiti 



^ Two specimens. ^ One specimen. 




128 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



and San Dom., 1885, 56, pi. (21), fig. 5 (mountains of interior); Auk, iii, 



1886, 200 (synonymy and descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 87; Cat. W. I. Birds, 



1892, 16, 114, 131. 

 Phoenicophilus palmarum Ohekrie, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 14 (habits, 



notes, etc.). 

 [PhomicoplvUus'] palmarum Sclatbr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 25.— 



OoKY, List Birds W. I., 1885, 12. 

 Dulus palmarum Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, 1851,"78; Note sur les 



Tang., 1851, 29. 



PH/ENICOPHILUS POLIOCEPHALUS (Bonaparte). 

 GRAY-CROWlfED PALM TANAGER. 



Similar to P. palmarum, but slightly larger; under parts deeper 

 gray, not becoming white medially, the gray extending over greater 

 part of throat; crown and occiput gray, like hindneck. 



Adult male. — Forehead, lores, suborbital region, and auricular region 

 uniform black, the first with a large spot of white on each side; a small 

 white spot on lower eyelid and another on posterior half of upper eye- 

 lid; crown, occiput, hindneck, and entire under parts of body uniform 

 gray, deeper (slate-gray) on the first, paler (no. 7 gray) on the latter; 

 rest of upper parts plain yellowish olive-green; edge of wing light 

 yellow; chin, upper throat, and malar region white, extending later- 

 ally to beyond end of auricular region, the space inclosed between 

 these white lateral stripes (including greater part of throat) deeper 

 gray than breast, etc., but slightly paler than hindneck; under tail- 

 coverts light gray, broadly margined with white; maxilla black; man- 

 dible dark grayish (in dried skin), blackish terminallj'; legs and feet 

 dusky horn color (in dried skin); length (skin), 167.6; wing, 61; tail, 

 70.4; exposed culmen, 17.8; depth of bill at base, 7.1; tarsus, 23.1; 

 middle toe, 15.7.^ 



Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 



Dulus poliocephalus Bonaparte, Eev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, Apr., 1851, 178 ("His- 



paniola," i. e., Santo Domingo; coll. Paris Myiarchuss.); Note sur les Tang., 



1851, 29. 

 Phsmicophilus poliocephalus Strickland, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 104. 

 Phcenicophilus poliocephahis Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 234. — Cory, 



Birds W. I., 1889, 87; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 131. 

 Phcenicophilus palmarum (not Tardus palmarum Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 84, part (supposed female); Synop. Av. Tanagr, 



1856, 22. 

 Phamicophilm dominicensis Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, July, 1881, 129 



(Haiti; coll. C. B. Cory), 152 (s. coast Haiti, near Jacmel); Birds Haiti 



and San Dom., 1885, 58, pi. 8 (Jacmel, Haiti); Auk, iii, 1886, 200. 

 Phoenicophilus dominicensis Reichenow and Schalow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 407 



(republication of orig. description). 

 [Phcenicophilus'] domimrensis Cory, List Birds W. L, 1885, 12. 



' One specimen, from Jacmel, Haiti. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 129 



Genus TACHYPHONUS Vieillot. 



Tachy phonus YiEiLiOT, Analyse, 1816, 33. (Type, Taiujani noir nmXe, Buffon,= 



Tanagra nifa Boddaert. ) 

 Pi/n-ota Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 45. (Type, Tanytiroux 'B\xiion, = Tanagra rufa 



Boddaert. ) 

 Comarophagus Boie, Isia, 1826, 974. (Type, Or'wlus leacoplerus Gm(iUu, = Tana- 



gra rufa Boddaert. ) 



Medium sized or small Tanagfers with rather slender bill (but exposed 

 culinen at least two-thirds as long as tarsus), tail rounded and equal 

 to or longer than length of wing to tips of secondaries, and with the 

 outermost (ninth) primary longer than third; adult males mostly uni- 

 form black, usually relieved by white under wing-coverts, and some- 

 times by a yellow, tawny, or red crown-patch or crest; females plain 

 rufous, brown, or olive, paler (sometimes yellow) below. 



Bill subconical, compressed terminally, shorter than head; exposed 

 culmen not longer than middle toe with claw (usually shorter), straight 

 basally (sometimes for basal half or more), strongly convex terminally, 

 the tip slightly (sometimes distinctly) uncinate; gonys decidedly shorter 

 than length of maxilla from nostril, very slightly convex or nearly 

 straight; maxill9,ry tomium nearly straight, but middle portion appre- 

 ciably convex, distinctly, but not abruptly, deflected basally, and more 

 or less distinctly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium slightly 

 sinuate, or quite straight to the decidedl^r, sometimes abruptl}^ deflected 

 basal portion, the tip of the mandible acute; basal depth of bill equal 

 to or slightly exceeding the basal width, and equal to about two-thirds 

 or three-fourths the lateral length of the mandible. Nostril exposed, 

 roundish or horizontally oval, with moderately broad superior mem- 

 brane. Rictal bristles moderately long, but very slender and incon- 

 spicuous. Wing rather long (about three and one-fourth to three and 

 five-sixths times as long as tarsus), rounded (seventh to fifth primaries 

 longest, ninth shorter than fifth, sometimes shorter than third); pri- 

 maries exceeding secondaries usually by less than length of exposed 

 culmen (by more in T. surinamensU). Tail shorter than wing by 

 much less than length of tarsus, rounded or nearly even, the rectrices 

 moderately broad, with compact webs and rounded tips. Tarsus 

 decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching 

 about to base of middle claw; hind claw decidedly shorter than its 

 digit. 



Coloration.— A.Au\t males deep black, usually with white on lesser 

 wing-coverts or under wing-coverts, sometimes with a buff, tawny, 

 orange, or red crown-patch (occasionally developed into a crest), the 

 rump sometimes buffy; females and young very different— plain brown- 

 ish, olive, or rusty above, paler below. 



-fffflw^Td.— Southern Honduras to southeastern Brazil, Bolivia, and 

 Peru. 



3654— VOL 2—01 9 




130 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TACHYPHONUS. 



a. General color black. (Adult males.) 



b. With white on lesser and under wing-coverts, 

 c. Larger (wing more than 82.5) ; middle wing-coverts and part of lesser covert 

 area black. (Costa Kica to southern Brazil, Trinidad, and Tobago.) 



Taohyphonus rnfus, adult male (p. 130) 



cc. Smaller (wing less than 69.8); middle wing-coverts and all of lesser covert 



area white. 



d. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts greatly developed, covering much more than basal 



half of greater coverts; crown without trace of central concealed spot of 



yellow. (Veragua to Bolivia, southwestern Brazil, Venezuela, and 



Trinidad) TachyphonuB luctuosns, adult male (p. 132) 



dd. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts normally developed, covering not more than basal 



half of greater coverts; crown usually with more or less of a central 



patch of yellow or orange-rufous. 



e. Crown-patch small, concealed, yellow, sometimes wanting. (Costa Rica, 



to southeastern Honduras. ) . . .Tachyplioniis axillaris, adult male (p. 134) 



ee. Crown-patch large, conspicuous, exposed, orange-rufous. (Veragua, 



Chiriqui, and southwestern Costa Rica. ) 



Tachyphonus nitidissinms, adult male (p. 136) 

 66. Without white on wing-coverts (or elsewhere). (Costa Rica to Colombia; 



Ecuador?) Tachyphonus delattrii, adult male (p. 136) 



aa. General color rufous, yellowish olive, or brown. (Adult females and young.) 

 6. General color ruf escent ( deep cinnamon-rufous above, tawny-ochraceous below ) ; 

 wing more than 76.2. .Tachyplionus rufns, adult female and youngmale (p. 131) 

 66. General color not rufescent; wing not more than 69.8. 

 c. Above yellowish olive-green, beneath yellow.' 



d. Sides of head distinctly gray; chin and throat white. 



Tachyphonus luctuosus, adult female and young male (p. 133) 

 dd. Sides of head not distinctly, if at all, gray; chin and throat pale buffy. 

 e. Duller yellow below, especially across chest. 



Tachyphonus nitidissimus, adult female and young male (p. 136) 

 ee. Brighter yellow below. 



Tachyphonus axillaris, adult female and young male (pp. 134, 135) 

 cc. Above deep sooty brown, beneath similar but lighter. 



Tachyphonus delattrii, adult female and young male (p. 137) 



TACHYPHONUS RUFUS (Boddaert). 

 BOSDAERT'S TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Glossy bluish or violaceous black, the centers of +he 

 feathers (mostly concealed) lusterless black, the basal portion grayish; 

 remiges and rectrices black, without gloss; under wing-coverts, axil- 

 lars, and lesser wing-coverts (except those near bend of wing) white; 

 bill black, the basal half, or more, of mandible grayish; legs and feet 

 black or dusky brown; length (skins), 149.9-182.9 (172); wing, 83.3- 

 91.4 (87.4); tail, 75.2-86.4 (80.8); exposed culmen, 15.7-18.3 (17.3); 



^The series of specimens examined of the three allied forms, C. luciuosus, C. niti- 

 dissimus, and C. aocUlaris is very small, and I am therefore doubtful &S to the relia- 

 bility of the characters here given. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



131 



depth of bill at base, 7.6-9.4 (8.1); tarsus, 22.6-25.1 (23.9); middle toe, 

 14.5-18 (16.8).^ 



Adult female. — Above plain rufous-chestnut; beneath plain cinnamon- 

 tawny or tawny-ochraceous; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 

 157.5-185.4(173.5); wing, 78-86.1 (82.8); tail, 70.6-82 (77.5); exposed 

 culmen, 16-19.6 (17. 5) ; depth of bill at base, 7. 9-9. 4 (8. 6) ; tarsus, 22. 1- 

 24.9 (24.1); middle toe, 16-17.5 (16.8).^ 



Tropical South America in general, including islands of Trinidad 

 and Tobago; south to southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Ai'gentina, north 

 through Isthmus of Panama to Costa Rica. 



Tanagra albirostris (not of Linnasus) Boddaket, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 11 (based 

 on Tangara noir, d' Aw.erique, Buffon, PI. Enl., pi. 179, fig. 2; adult male). 



Tanagra rufa Boddaeet, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 44 (based on Le Tangaroux, ds 

 Cayenne, Buffon, PI. Enl., pi. 711; adult female). 



Tachyphonus rufus AuMV, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist., iii, no. 2, Sept. 29, 1891, 

 359 (Chapada, pro v. Myiarchusttogrosso, s. w. Brazil; descr. nest and eggs; crit. ; 

 iv, 1892, 52 (El Pilar, Venezuela; crit.).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., 

 vi, 1894, 31, (Trinidad; habits).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 

 160 (Pueblo Viejo, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia), 179 (Palomina, prov. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta). 



Oriolus melaleucus Spaeemann, Myiarchuss. Carls., 1787, no. 31 (Guiana). 



Tachyphonus melale'ucus ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 113 (monogr. ; 

 Cayenne; Guiana; Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago; Bogota, Colombia; Pinto- 

 bamba, Peru; Goiaz, Pernambuco, and Kio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Paraguay; 



^ Twenty specimens. 



^ Twelve specimens. 



Although the series of specimens examined is, in the aggregate, a large one, the 

 number of specimens from separate geographic areas is in all cases small and not 

 sufficient to show whether the species should be subdivided or not. Average meas- 

 urements according to locality are as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen. 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



One adult male from Veragua 



Three adult males from Isthmus of Panama 



Three adult males from Colombia 



Two adult males from eastern Peru 



Two adult males from Trinidad 



Two adult males from Tobago 



Seven adult males from Brazil (Bahia and Chapada) 



FEMALES. 



I 



Two adult females from Isthmus of Panama 



Two adult females from Colombia 



One adult female from eastern Peru 



Two adult females from Trinidad 



Two adult females from Tobago 



Three adult females from southwestern Brazil 

 (Chapada) 



84.1 

 87.6 

 90.4 

 85.3 

 86.6 

 89.4 

 86.6 



79.8 

 86.1 

 81.3 

 83.3 



78.0 

 80.8 

 82.8 

 80.3 

 79.5 

 80.3 

 81.3 



79.8 

 73.4 

 81.5 

 75.2 

 74.4 



80.0 



16.6 

 16.8 

 16.3 

 17.5 

 17.6 

 17.8 

 17.8 



18.0 

 16.8 

 17.0 

 18.8 

 17.5 



8.1 

 7.9 

 8.4 

 8.1 



7.9 

 8.4 



9.1 

 9.1 

 8.6 

 7.9 



24.6 

 23.9 

 24.6 

 24.4 

 23.9 

 25.1 

 23.4 



24.6 

 23.4 

 24.9 

 23.6 

 24.1 



23.9 



17.0 

 17.3 

 17.0 

 16.8 

 15.7 

 16.5 



17.0 

 16.8 

 16.3 

 16.5 

 16.8 




132 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Corrientes, Argentina); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 37; Oat. Am. Birds 1862, 

 84 (Cayenne; Trinidad); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 206 (Costa Rica; 

 Veragua; Panama; Medellin, Remedioa, and Bogota, Colombia; Caracas, 

 Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago; Cayenne; Bartica Grove, British Guiana; 

 Pard, lower Amazon; Baiao, Rio Tocantins; Pernambuco; Bahia; Bio Claro, 

 prov. Goiaz; Bio Paranit). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 331 

 (Panama R. R.). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 351 

 (Panama R. R.); 1867, 571 (Pard); 1868, 167 (Venezuela); 1876, 16 (Myiarchusr- 

 anura, Huiro, and Protrero, s. Peru) ; 1879, 503, pi. 42, flg. 5 (Antioquia, 

 Colombia; egg figured). — Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 82 (Trinidad). — Finsch, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 582 (Trinidad).— Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 212.— 

 Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 327 (Colombia).— La yard. Ibis, 1873, 379 (ParA).— 

 Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 333 (Parahyba, etc., n. e. Brazil). — Taczanowski, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lend., 1882, 15 (n. e. Peru); Orn. du Perou, ii, 1885, 504.— Zele- 

 DON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 7; Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 

 110 (Brazil). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 309.— 

 Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 292 (Bucaramanga, Colombia); 1887,7 

 (Lambar6, Paraguay; crit. ), 115 (Paraguay). — Salvin, Ibis, 1885, 211 (British 

 Guiana).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, 1884, 173 (Trinidad).— Kerb, 

 Ibis, 1892, 124 (lower Pilcomayo, Argentina). — Robinson, Flying Trip to 

 Tropics, 1895, 161 (Guaduas, Colombia); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 

 677 (Myiarchusrgarita I., Venezuela). — Ihering, Aves do Est. S. Paulo, 1899, 152. 



T[achyphonus\ melaleucus Sclater and Salvin, Exotic Orn., 1868, 68. 



[Tachyphonusi melaleucus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23. 



[Oriolus] leucopterus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 392, part. 



Tachyphonvs leucopterus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 358; 

 Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 803; Gal. Ois., 1834, 113, pi. 82.— D'Orbigny, Voy. 

 Am^r. M^rid., Ois., 1839, 277. 



[Pyrroict] leucoptera Bohapakie, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 238. 



T[achyphonus'\ leucopterus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 365. 



Tanagra nigerrima Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 899 (based on Tangara noir, 

 d'Amerique Buffon, PI. Enl., pi. 179, fig. 2). — Dbsmarest, Hist. Nat. Tang., 

 1805, pis. 45, 46.— Myiarchusximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, 1830, 534. 



T\_achyphonus'] nigerrima D'Orbigny and Lapeesnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1837 

 (Synop. Av., p. 29; Corrientes, Argentina). 



Tachyphonus nigerrimus Swainson, Quart. Journ. Sci., 1826, 62. — Cabanis, in 

 Schomburgk's Reise Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 669. — Burmeisteu, Syst. Ueb. 

 Th. Braa., iii, 1856, 166.— Eulbr, Journ. fiir Orn., 1867, 408 (descr. eggs). 



T[achyphorms} nigerrimus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 22 (Brazil; Guiana). 



Fyrrota valeryi Verreaux (J. and E.), Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., vii, 1855, 351 

 (I'Amerique Centrale; coll. Paris Myiarchuss.). 



Tachyphonus valerii Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 114. 



Tachyphonus beauperthuyi Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 82 (Vene- 

 zuela). -^Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 85 (Venezuela). — Lbotaud, Ois., 

 Trinidad, 1866, 299. 



TACHYPHONUS LUCTUOSUS Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny. 



WHITE-SHOULDERED TAUAGER. 



Adult male. — Uniform deep black; lesser and middle wing-coverts, 

 under wing-coverts, and axillars, pure white, the middle coverts 

 unusually developed, covering much the greater portion of greater 

 coverts; bill black, with a light bluish-gray or whitish wedge-shaped 




BIRDS 0^ NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



133 



space on sides of mandible, covering rami and projecting in an acute 

 angle more than halfway between gonydeal angle and tip of mandible; 

 iris brown; legs and feet bluish in life, dusky in dried skins; length 

 (skins), 109.2-129.5 (121.9); wing, 60.2-68.1 (64.3); tail, 51.3-68.4 

 (54.9); exposed culmen, 10.7-12.7 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 5.1-7.1 

 (5.8); tarsus, 16.6-17.8 (16.8); middle toe, 9.7-10.9 (10.4).' 



Adult female. — Above bright yellowish olive-green, darker and dul- 

 ler on pileum; sides of head (sometimes forehead and hindneck also) 

 gray, paler toward malar region and on lores; eyelids dull white; 

 chin and throat dull bufi'y white; rest of under parts gamboge or light 

 chrome yellow medially, shading into light yellowish olive-green lat- 

 erally; under wing-coverts white slightly tinged with yellow; axillars 

 light yellow; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 114..3-121.9 

 (118.1); wing, 61-61.5 (61.2); tail, 50.8-52.8(51.8); exposed culmen, 

 12.7-13.2 (13); depth of bill at base, 5.8-6.9 (6.4); tarsus, 15.7-16.5 

 (16); middle toe, 9.7-10.2 (9.9.)' 



Immature male. — Similar to the adult female, but deeper and purer 

 yellow below; wing, 60.5; tail, 51.8; exposed culmen, 12.7; depth of 

 bill at base, 6.9; tarsus, 17.3; middle toe, 10.2." 

 Veragua* to Trinidad, Guiana, Bolivia, and western Ecuador. 

 T[achyphonus'] luctuosus Lafresnaye and D'Oreigny, Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1837 (Syn- 

 opsis Avium, i, p. 29; Guarayos, Bolivia). — Sclater and Salvin, Exotic 

 Orn., 1868,68. 

 Tachyphorms luctuosus Sclater, Proc. Zopl. Soc. Lond., 1854, 115 (Quixos, e. 

 Ecuador); 1855, 156 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 114 (monogr. ; Bolivia; e. 



' Seventeen specimens, average measurements, according to locality, being as follows : 



The series examined is much too small to show whether there are constant dif- 

 ferences, according to geographic area, but the specimens from Trinidad, British 

 Guiana, and lower Amazon have the middle wing-coverts decidedly less developed 

 (covering but little more than basal half of the greater coverts) than those from 

 Veragua, Isthmus of Panama, Colombia, and western Ecuador, and I would not be 

 surprised if a larger series would show that the species should be subdivided, accord- 

 ing to the character mentioned, into two forms having separate ranges, as indicated. 



^Two specimens; one from Panama, the other apparently a "Bogota" skin. 



'Specimen (No. 150874, U. S. Nat. Myiarchusa. ) from Cascajal, province Code, Panama. 



*Nicaraguan and Costa Rican references to T. luctuosus belong to T. axillaris. 




134 BULLETlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Peru; Quixos, e. Ecuador; Bogotd, and Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia; Tobago; 

 Trinidad) ; 1860, 274 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador), 292 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador) ; 

 Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 38; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 85 (Trinidad; Bolivia; 

 Colombia; Esmeraldas, Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., part, xi, 1886, 208 

 (Panama and Chepo, Isthmus Panama; Santa Myiarchusrta, Remedios, and Bogota, 

 Colombia; Santa Rita and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Bolivia; Engenho do Gama, 

 Brazil; Trinidad; Bartica Grove, British Guiana). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1860, 141 (Rio Truando, n. Colombia). — La whence, Ann! Lye. N. Y., 

 vii, 1861, 297 (Panama R. R.). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1864, .351 (Panama R. R.); 1868, 167 (Venezuela); 1879, 503 (Antioquia, 

 Colombia), 601 (Bolivia).— Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 582 

 (Trinidad).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Veragua); Cat. 

 Strickland Coll., 1882, 194 (Bolivia?; Trinidad); Ibis, 1885, 211 (British Gui- 

 ana). — Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 332 (w. Ecuador). — Beb- 

 LEPSCH and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 547 (Chimbo, 

 w. Ecuador). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 310, part 

 (Chepo, Isthmus Panama; South American localities and references). — Bek- 

 LEPSCH and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 574 (w. Ecuador). — ■ 

 Beklepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 5i92 ( Biicaramanga, Colombia); 1889, 297 

 (Sarayacu and Ucayali, e. Peru; crit. ). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., 

 ii, 1889, 82 (Reyes, Bolivia).— Rikeb and Chapman-, Auk, vii, 1890, 267 

 (Santarem, lower Amazon). — Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 31 

 (Trinidad). — Salvadoki and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, no. 

 357, 1899, 18 (Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador). 



\_Tachypho7ius] luctuosus Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23, part. 



Pyranga luctuosa D'Orbigsy, Voy. Ami^r. Merid., Ois., 1839, 263, pi. 20, figs. 1 

 (male), 2 (female). 



[Lanio] (freM?>os;ris Bonapakte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 240. 



Tachyphonus alhi upend inrix Leotaijd, Ois., Trinidad, 1866, 300. 



TACHYPHONUS AXILLARIS Lawrence. 

 COSTA RICAN WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER. 



Similar to T. nitidissimits, but adult male with colored crown-patch 

 much smaller, concealed, and yellow instead of orange-rufous; adult 

 female apparently brighter yellow below. 



Adult male. — Uniform deep black, with lesser, middle, and under 

 wing-coverts and axillars white; center of crown usually with a small, 

 mostly concealed, spot of yellow; bill black, the mandible with a pale 

 bluish gray or whitish space on each side covering the rami and pro- 

 jecting forward in an acute angle to about midway between gonydeal 

 angle and tip of mandible; iris brown; legs and feet dusky or dark 

 brownish in dried skins (bluish in life?); length (skins), 120.7-134.6 

 (129); wing, 63.2-65.8 (64.8); tail, 56.9-58.7 (57.7); exposed culmen, 

 12.4-12.7; depthof bill at base, 5.8-6.1; tarsus, 17-18.3(17.5); middle 

 toe, 10.7-11.4 (10.9).' 



Admit female. — Above yellowish olive-green, slightly darker and 

 duller on head, where sometimes slightly grayish on forehead and super- 

 ciliary region; beneath lemon yellow medially shading into yellowish 



' Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 135 



olive-green laterally, the throat paler, sometimes whitish; bill as in adult 

 male but more brownish; legs and feet horn brownish in dried skins, 

 light heliotrope purple in life;' length (skins), 121.9-132.1 (126.2); 

 wing, 59.2-61.7 (60.5); tail, 54.9-56.4 (55.4); exposed culmen, 10.9- 

 13.5 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 6.1-6.6 (6.4>; tarsus, 17-18.5 (17.8); 

 middle toe, 10.2-12.4 (11.2).'' 



Tmmg male. — Similar to the adult female, but much browner olive- 

 green above, without any gray on head or neck; middle and greater 

 wing-coverts narrowly tipped with light buffy; under parts mucJi 

 duller yellow (decidedly buffy or deep maize }^ellow posteriorly), the 

 chin and throat also j'ellow (wax yellowish). (From type of Chloro- 

 spingus axillarin Lawrence; No. 64522, U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.; Talamanca, 

 Costa Rica.) 



Costa Rica (Angostura; Valza; Talamanca) and Nicaragua (Rio 

 Escondido); southeastern Honduras (Rio Segovia)?.' 



Taahyphonus luctuosus (not of Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny) Cassin, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Rci. Phila., 1865, 171 (Angostura, Costa Kica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., ix, 1868, 100 (Angostura and Juiz, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. 

 fur Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).— (?) Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 313, 317 (Chon- 

 tales, Nicaragua). — (?) Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (San Car- 

 los, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 310, 

 part (Valza, Juiz, and Angostura, Costa Rica; Chontales, Nicaragua?). — 

 Ridgway, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1S84, 412 (Talamanca, Doa Novillos, and 

 Juiz, Costa Rica; crit.) . — Zeledon, Anal. JMyiarchusp. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110, 

 part (Angostura, Costa Rica). — RicniroND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 

 490- (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). 



(!) ITachyphonus] luctuosus Solater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 23, part 

 (Nicaragua). 



Tachyphonus nitidusimus (not of Sah'in) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 312, pare (Valza, "Irazu," and Angostura, Costa Rica). — 

 Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 214, part (Valza, Costa Rica). — 

 Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110, part. — Cherrie, Anal. 

 Inst. Fisico-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 14 (Naranjo, Costa Rica) . 



Tackyplwnus nitidissimus 1 Ridgway, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 586 (Segovia 

 R., Honduras; crit.). 



Chlorospingus axillaris Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Myiarchusr., 1874, 

 395 ("Volcan de Irazu," i. e., Talamanca,* Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss.; young male). — Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 308 (crit.; refers it to Tachyphonus 

 nitidissimus) . 



'Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 490. 



^ Three specimens. 



" An adult female of a Tachyphonus from the Segovia River, Honduras, in the U. S. 

 National Myiarchusseum collection (No. 112099, Segovia River, June 18, 1887, C. H. Town- 

 send), is very similar in coloration to the adult female of T. nitidissimus, but has the 

 throat entirely yellow, like rest of under parts, and the sides of head yellowish olive- 

 green. It may represent individual variation in this species or, possibly, a distinct 

 form. Its measurements are as follows: Length (skin), 132.1; wing, 60.2; tail, 55.1; 

 exposed culmen, 12.2; depth of bill at base, 6.4; tarsus, 18; middle toe, 10.2. 



'According to Jose C. Zeledon, collector of the type specimen. ■ 




136 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



TACHYPHONUS NITIDI^SIMUS Salvin. 

 VERAGUAN WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER. 



Similar to T. axillaris, but adult male with colored crown-patch much 

 larger, conspicuous^ exposed, and orange-rufous instead of yellow; 

 adult female apparently duller yellow below. 



Admit male. — General color uniform deep black; pileum with a 

 median, partly concealed, patch or stripe of orange-ochraceous; lesser 

 and middle wing-coverts white, excepting those bordering the carpal 

 region; axillars and under wing-covert region white, the latter with 

 a broad black exterior border; bill black, with rami whitish (extend- 

 ing more than halfway to tip of mandible, the anterior extremity 

 pointed); tarsi light horn color (in dried skins), toes darker; length 

 (skins), 124.5-134.6 (128.8); wing, 66-68.8 (67.6); tail, 58.4-60.2 (59.2);. 

 exposed culmen, 13-14.5 (13.7); depth of bill at base, 6.6-6.9; tarsus, 

 17.8-19.3 (18.5); middle toe, 10.7.' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult female of T. Jitctuosus, but 

 without gray on sides of head, etc., and throat more buffy; above plain 

 yellowish olive-green, including pileum and hindneck; sides of head 

 lighter and duller olive-greenish, the feathers of auricular region with 

 dull whitish or pale yellowish shaft-streaks; lores and malar region 

 paler than auricular region and inclining to dull brownish buffj-; chin 

 and throat pale buffy yellowish, the feathers whitish beneath surface; 

 chest, sides, and flanks dull yellowish olive or olive-yellowish, passing 

 into yellow on breast and abdomen; under tail-coverts paler and duller 

 yellow; under wing-coverts dull white, slightly" tinged with yellow; bill 

 as in adult male but more brownish; legs and feet pale brownish (in 

 dried skin); length (skin), 119.4; wing, 63.5; tail, 59.2; exposed cul- 

 men, 14.5; depth of bill at base, 7.1; tarsus, 18; middle, 10.4.^ 

 Veragua, Chiriqui, and southwestern Costa Rica (Pirris). 

 Tachyphonus nitidissimus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Bugabd, 

 Chiriqui; coll. Salvin and Godman); Ibis, 1874, 308, in text. — Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. M-us., vi, 1884, 412 (Pirris, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.).— Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 312, part, pi. 21, figs. 2, 3 

 (Bugaba and Vivalil, Chiriqui).— Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 214, part (Bugaba, Chiriqui). — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac Costa Rica, i, 1887, 

 110, part (Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica). 

 [Tachyphoniui] mtidissimus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23. 



TACHYPHONUS DELATRII Lafresnaye. 

 TAWNY-CRESTED TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Uniform sooty black, including under wing-coverts; 

 median portion of crown and occiput with a patch of bright tawny or 

 orange-tawny (more yellowish basally), composed of stiffened and 



'Three specimens; two from Chiriqui, one from Pirris, Costa Rica. 

 ^One specimen, from Bugaba, Chiriqui; this, from which the description is taken, 

 is in rather worn plumage. 




BIRDS Of IfORTa AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 137 



elongated narrow feathers, forming a bushy crest when erected; bill 

 black, the rami and a little beyond dull whitish or pale grayish (in 

 dried skins) ; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins) ; length 

 (skins), 142.2-149.9 (145.8); wing, 70.9-75.9 (74.2); tail, 63-65.8 (64.5); 

 exposed culmen, 12.4-13.5 (13); depth of bill at base, 6.6-6.9 (6.6); 

 tarsub, 19.8-20.6 (20.3); middle toe, 11.9-13 (12.4).' 



Adult female. — Head, neck, and chest light bistre brown, darker or 

 deeper on pileum and hindneck; back, scapulars, and lesser wing- 

 coverts plain dark bistre brown or sepia, passing into blackish brown 

 or sooty on rump and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail brownish 

 black or sooty with paler (bistre brown or olive) edgings; under parts 

 shading gradually from light bistre (varying to almost raw umber) 

 anteriorly to sooty brown on under tail-coverts; maxilla blackish, man- 

 dible blackish or blackish brown, becoming indistinctly paler basally; 

 legs and feet dusky; length (skins), 134.6-142.2 (138.4); wing, 65-69.6 

 (66.8); tail, 59.4-60.7 (59.9); exposed culmen, 12.2-13.2 (12.7); depth 

 of bill at base, 5.8-6.4 (6.1); tarsus, 18.3-19.1 (18.5); middle toe, 11.9- 

 12.4 (12.2).' 



Costa Rica (Talamanca, Pacuare, San Myiarchusteo, etc.) and southward to 

 western Ecuador (Pallatanga, Pasto, etc.). 



Tnchyphonus delatrii Lafebsnaye, Rev. Zool., x, Myiarchusr., 1847, 72 (San Buenaven- 

 tura, Colombia). — Solatbe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 116 (monogr. ; San 

 Buenaventura and Gorgona, n. w. coast Colombia); (?) 1859, 139 (Pallatanga, 

 w. Ecuador); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 40; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 86 

 (Bogota; Pallatanga?) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 215 (Santa ¥6 and 

 Santiago, Veragua; Panama; Gorgona I., Remedios, and Bogota, Colombia; 

 Pallatanga (?) and Pasto, w. Ecuador). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1860, 142 (Rio Truando, Colombia); 1865, 171 (Pacuare, Costa Rica).— 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ). — 

 ScLATEE and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 351 (Lion Hill); 1879, 

 503 (Antioquia, Colombia) ; Exotic Orn., pt. v, 1868, 67, pi. 34, fig. of male, 

 not fig. of female.— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 140 (Santa Fe and 

 Santiago, Veragua). — Feantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica). — 

 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (San Myiarchusteo, Costa Rica; habits). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 312. — Zkledon, Anal. 

 Myiarchuss. Nac., Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Pacuare, Costa Rica). 



Tachyphanus delatrei Lawrence, Ann. Lye, N. Y., ix, 1868, 100 (Payua, Costa 

 Rica) . 



[Tachyphorms] deloMyiarchusii Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23. 



T[achyphonus'] delatrii Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., 17.— Bonapaete, Consp. 

 Av., i, 1850, 237. 



Chlorospingus brunneus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Myiarchusrch, 1874, 

 395 (" Volcan de IraziS," i. e., Talamanca,' Costa Ri(a; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.; 

 female; see Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 308). 



' Six specimens. 



^ Three specimens. 



'According to Jos6 C. Zeledon, collector of the type specimen. 




138 BULLETIN So, UNITED STATES NATIONAI MUSEUM. 



Genus EUCOMETIS Sclater. 



Eiicometif! Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 117. (Type, Tanagra peniciUata 

 Spix.) 



Medium-sized, small-billed, plainly colored Tanagers, with depth of 

 maxilla in front of nostril more than one-third the distance from nostril 

 to tip of maxilla, tail equal to length of wing from bend to tips of 

 secondaries, and occiput with a slight bushy crest; colors yellowish 

 olive-green above, yellow below, the head gray (paler on throat). 



Bill subconical, compressed, much shorter than head; exposed cul- 

 men less than to more than two-thirds length of tarsus, nearly straight 

 for basal half or more, decidedly convex terminally, with tip slightly 

 uncinate; gonys decidedly shorter than distance from nostril to tip of 

 maxilla, faintly convex; maxillary tomium straight, faintly deflected 

 basally ; mandibular tomium nearly straight to near base, where gradu- 

 ally but rather strongly deflected; depth of bill at base about equal to 

 the basal width, and equal to or a little raore than half the length of the 

 exposed culmen. Nostril exposed, roundish, with narrow superior 

 membrane. Rictal bristles hardly obvious. Wing rather long (about 

 three and three-fourths to four times as long as tarsus), rounded (eighth 

 to fifth quills longest, ninth longer than first, sometimes longer than 

 second) ; primaries exceeding secondaries by length of exposed culmen 

 or more. Tail nearly as long as wing, rounded, its feathers with com- 

 pact webs and rounded tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe 

 with claw; outer claw reaching about to base of middle claw; the inner 

 claw not reaching quite so far; hind claw decidedly shorter than its 

 digit. Occiput slightly crested. 



Coloration. — Plain bright yellowish olive above, saffron or Indian 

 yellow beneath; head gray, paler (sometimes nearly white) on throat. 

 Sexes alike in color. 



Ramje. — Yucatan and Guatemala to Bolivia. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP EUCOMETIS. 



a. Chest without streaks or flammulations. 

 6. Crest more developed, the feathers blended, the color paler than that of loral 

 and orbital regions. (Veragua to Colombia.) 



Euoometis cristata, adults (p. 139) 



hh. Crest less developed, the feathers distinctly outlined, the color not paler than 



that of loral and orbital regions. {Eucometis spodocephala.) 



c. Richer, more golden, olive-green above, deep saffron yellow beneath; throat 



deeper gray; bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 13.5). (Costa Eica; 



Nicaragua.) Eucometis spodocephala spodocephala, adults (p. 139) 



cc. Clearer, less golden, olive-green above, lemon or gamboge yellow beneath; 

 throat paler gray; bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging 12. 7) ( Yucaton; 

 Guatemala? ; British Honduras? ; Honduras ?) 



Eucometis spodocephala pallida, adults (p. 140) 

 aa. Chest with streaks or flammulations of olive-green. (Chiriqui.) 



Eucometis spodocephala stictothoraz, adults (p. 141) 




BIRDS OF I^OETH AlfD MIDDLIC AMERICA. 139 



EUCOMETIS CRISTATA (Du Bus). 

 GRAY-CRESTED TANAGER. 



AdidU {sexes alihe). — Head and neck gray, paler, and usuaUy 

 streaked with whitish (sometimes inclining to grayish white) on malar 

 region, chin, and throat; crest slightly tinged with olive-yellowish; 

 lores and eyelids dusky gray; rest of u^jper parts, including lower 

 hindneck, plain yellowish olive-green; under parts of body saffron 

 yellow, becoming gradually paler posteriorly, the under tail-coverts 

 more chrome yellow; bill black or brownish black; legs and feet pale 

 buffy brownish (in dried skins). 



Adtilt ?/;a^A— Length (skins), 163.8-181.6 (169.4); wing, 86.9-94.7 

 (90.4); tail, 75.1^80.5 (78.2); exposed culmen, i;-i.7-15.7 (14.7); depth 

 of bill at base, 6.9-7.9 (7.4); tarsus, 21.6-22.9 (22.6); middle toe, 

 14.7-16.8 (15.5).^ 



Adult female.— U&ngtV (skins), 172.2-172.7 (172.5); wing, 8-8.1-91.9 

 (89.7); tail, 74.2-S4.3 (78.5); exposed culmen, 14.7-16 (16.2); depth of 

 bill at base, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); tarsus, 21.3-21.6 (21.6); middle toe, 14.7-16 

 (15.2).'' 



Veragua (Chitra) to central Colombia. 



Pipilopsis eristaia Dv Bus, Bull. A<'. Roy. Brux., xxxii, 1855, 154. 



Eueometis cristata Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 118, part (monogr. ; 

 Santa Myiarchusrta and Cartagena, Colombia); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 42; Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 84 (Santa Myiarchusrta and Bogota, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchusa., xi, 1886, 218, part (Panama and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R. ; Ari- 

 hueca, Santa Myiarchusrta, Myiarchusnca, and Bogota, Colombia). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1860, 141 (Rio Truando, n. Colombia). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., vii, 1861, 298 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).— Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill).— Salvin and Gomian, Ibis, 1880, 121 

 (Santa Myiarchusrta); Biol. Ceutr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 306, part (Colombian refer- 

 ences and localities). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 142 (Santa 

 Myiarchusrta).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 168 (Bonda, etc., prov. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta). 



[Eucometis] o)-jstato Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1878, 23. 



Trichothrawpis penicillata (not Tanrigra penicilUifa Spix) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1855, 156 (Bogota). 



EUCOMETIS SPODOCEPHALA SPODOCEPHALA (Bonaparte). 

 GRAY-HEADED TANAGER. 



Similar to K cristata, but gray of head and neck much darker; crest 

 less developed, with feathers distinctly outlined instead of blended; 

 tail shorter; bill much smaller. 



^ Six specimens. '' Three specimens. 




140 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Head and neck plain gray, darker on pileum 

 (dull slate-gray, slightly tinged with olive), paler (smoke gray) on chin 

 and throat; upper parts (except of head and neck) plain yellowish olive- 

 green (as in E. cristata) ; under parts, posterior to throat, deep saffron 

 yellow (as in E. cristata), deeper on chest, lighter and purer yellow on 

 abdomen and under tail-coverts, the sides and flanks slightly tinged 

 with olive; bill black; legs and feet pale buffy brownish (in dried 

 skins). 



Ackilt «(ffZ^.— Length (skins), 151.1-160 (166); wing, 87.6-92.5 

 (89.9); tail, 71.2-77.7 (75.9); exposed culmen, 12.4-13.2 (12.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 6.6-7.4 (6.9); tarsus, 21.8; middle toe, 14.7- 

 15.2 (15).' 



Admit female. — Length (skins), 153.7 (one specimen); wing, 83.1- 

 84.6 (83.8); tail, 71.6-73.4 (72.4); exposed culmen, 13.7-14.2 (14); 

 depth of bill at base (one specimen), 6.9; tarsus, 21.8-22.1; middle 

 toe, 15.7.^ 



Costa Rica (Trojas de Puntarenas; Nicoya; Tempate; Volcan de 

 Myiarchusravalles) and Nicaragua (Sucuya; Virgin Bay; Hato Viejo). 



Chlorospingus spodocepJiala Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxix, 1854, 922 (Nica- 

 ragua; coll. Delattre) ; Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 22. 



Chlorospingua gpodocepJmlus Solater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 91 (monogr.; 

 Nicaragua) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 29. 



Eucometis spodocephala Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 84 (Nicaragua); Cat. BirdB 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 219, part (Virgin Bay,' Lake Nicaragua; Nicoya, CoSta 

 Rica). — Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 316 (Virgin Bay, Lake Nicaragua). — Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 100 (Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Joum. fiir Om., 

 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1883, 443 (Costa 

 Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 307, pi. 20, 

 fig. 2, part (Virgin Bay and Hato Viejo, Nicaragua; Tempate, Costa Rica). — 

 Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1884, 382 (Sucuyd, Nicaragua; habits).— 

 Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 1 10 (Trojas de Puntarenas, 

 Costa Rica). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 435 (Volcan de Myiarchusravalles, Costa 

 Rica; habits). 



[Euconietvi] spodocephala Sclatkr and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 23, part. 



EUCOMETIS SPODOCEPHALA PALLIDA Berlepsch. 

 YUCATAN ORAY-HEASED TANAGER, 



Similar to E. s. spodocephala, but lighter colored; gra}' of chin and 

 throat decidedly paler; olive-green of upper parts clearer, less 

 "golden;" yellow of under parts lighter and clearer, nearer lemon 

 yellow than saffron yellow; length (skins), 153.7-162.6 (158); wing, 

 81.8-83.3(82.6); tail, 71.1-73.4 (72.1); exposed culmen, 12.7-13; depth 



' Two specimens, from Sucuya, Nicaragua. 




BIRDS OF WORTH ATSTD MIDDLE AMERICA. 



141 



of bill at base (one specimen), 5.6; tarsus, 22.4; middle toe, 13.5-14.2 

 (13.7).' 

 Yucatan; Guatemala?; British Honduras?; Honduras? 



(?) Eiicometis spodocephala (not Chlorospingus spodocephalus Bonaparte) Salvin 

 and ScLATER, Ibis, 1860, 274 (Guatemala).— Sclatek, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 219, part (British Honduras; Coban, Guatemala). 



Eucomelis spodocephala Bouoard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1883, 443 (n. Yuca- 

 tan).— Salvin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 307, part (n. 

 Yucatan; British Honduras?; Guatemala?; San Pedro, Honduras?). 



Eucometis spodocephala pallida Berlepsch, Auk, v, Oct., 1888, 451, 452 (Yucatan; 

 coll. Count von Berlepsch). 



EUCOMETIS SPODOCEPHALA STICTOTHORAX (Berlepsch). 

 STREAKED-CHESTED TANAGER. 



Similar to jE s. spodocephala but greener or less yellowish olive- 

 green above, and chest streaked or flammulatedwith olive-green; length 

 (skins), 165-168 (166.5); wing, 85-89 (87.5); tail, 75-77(76.2); exposed 

 culmen, 13-15 (14.4); tarsus, 22-23 (22.2); middle toe, 14-15 (14.7).' 



Chiriqui (Bugaba; Boquete); Veragua?' 



Eucometis spodocephala (not Chlorospingus spodocephalus Bona,parte) Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 139 (Santa F&, Veragua; crit.); 1870, 188 (Bugabd, 

 and Myiarchusna de Chorcha, Chiriqui). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 307, part (Veraguan references and localities). — Sclater, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 219, part (Santa F6, Veragua; Myiarchusna de Chorcha 

 and Bugaba, Chiriqui). 



Eucometis spodocephala stktothorax Berlepsch, Auk, v, Oct., 1888, 451, 452 (Chi- 

 riqui; coll. Count von Berlepsch). 



Genus PHCENICOTHRAUPIS Cabanis. 



Phoenicothraupis* Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 24. (Type, Saltator rubicu- 

 Vieillot.) 



Medium-sized Tanagers superficially resembling the more uniformly 



' Two specimens, from Temax and Izalam, Yucatan. Two specimens, from Guate- 

 mala and Belize, British Honduras, respectively, which I refer, at least provision- 

 ally, to this form, measure as follows: 



The Guatemala specimen, which is without definite locality, agrees minutely in 

 coloration with the Yucatan specimens, except that the gray of the throat is very 

 slightly deeper. That from Belize is intermediate in coloration between the present 

 form and true E. spodocephala (to which Count von Berlepsch referred it), and per- 

 haps should be placed with the latter rather than with the Yucatan race. A larger 

 series may show that instead of being only two forms there are in reality three, the 

 birds from Guatemala and Honduras constituting an unnamed subspecies. 



' Four specimens, from Boquete, Chiriqui. 



'Although Count von Berlepsch gives the habitat of this form as Veragua or 

 "Chiriqui in Veragua," his specimens were all from Chiriqui. 



*" Von $oivi^, Purpurroth und Thraupis." 




142 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



colored species of Piranga, but outermost (ninth) primary shorter than 

 second (instead of decidedly longer than third); adult males with a 

 scarlet crown-patch and with more or less red on under parts (some- 

 times confined to the throat); females and young brown or olive 

 above, paler below. 



Bill as in the more slender-billed species of Piranga^ but narrower 

 (width at base scarcely if at all exceeding basal depth), the gonys rela- 

 tively shorter, and distinctly, though slightly, convex, and maxillary 

 tomium without any indication of a tooth-like projection. Nostrils 

 narrower. Rictal bristles strong, conspicuous, and frontal bristles 

 (over nostrils) well developed. Wing about three and three- fourths to 

 a little more than four times as long as tarsus, much rounded (seventh 

 to fourth primaries longest, ninth shorter than second); primaries 

 exceeding secondaries by much less than length of tarsus. Tail shorter 

 than wing by much less than length of tarsus, sometimes nearly as 

 long as wing, more or less rounded, the rectrices rather broad, with 

 rather loose webs and somewhat pointed tips. Tarsus decidedlj'^ longer 

 than middle toe with claw; outer claw reaching about to or a little 

 beyond base of middle claw, the inner claw falling short of the latter; 

 hind claw shorter than its digit. 



Coloration. — Adult males reddish brown, reddish gray, or dusky, 

 with bright red throat and crown, the feathers of the latter sometimes 

 developed into a more or less obvious crest; females and young usually 

 brownish above, paler beneath, with or without a yellowish-bufl'y or 

 tawny crown-patch; adult female sometimes similar to the male, but 

 duller. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to southern Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, 

 and western Ecuador. 



KBY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PHtENICOTHKAUPIS. 



a. General color red. (Adult males.) 

 6. Scarlet crown-patch margined laterally with a black or blackish brown line; 

 lores and suborbital region not dusky or sooty; chin and sides of upper throat 

 not grayish or sooty. {Plwsincothravpis rubica. ) 

 c. Darker, the back, etc., liver brownish. 

 d. Throat conEpicuously brighter red than chest. (Eastern Mexico to north- 

 ern Hcrxduras. ) Plioenicothraupis rubica rubicoidea, adult male (p. 144) 



dd. Throat net conspicuously brighter red than chest. 

 e. Darker above, paler below; smaller (wing averaging 90.8, tail 78.5, tarsus 

 23.5, midd'e toe 14.7). (Yucatan and Campeche. ) 



PhoBiiiootliraupis rabica nelsoni, adult male (p. 145) 

 ee. Paler above, darker below; larger (wing averaging 93, tail 83.3, tarsus 

 24.6, middle toe 16.3) . (Oosta Eioa to Isthmus of Panama.) 



Phoeniootbratipis rubica vinaoea, adult male (p. 146) 

 cc. Paler, the back, etc., reddish light chestnut or dull brick reddish. 

 d. Under parts dull flesh color, purer flesh color on throat. (Pacific coast of 

 Oaxaca and Guerrero. ) . .Phoenioothraupis rubica affinis, adult male (p. 147) 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 143 



dd. Under parts dull vinaceous-pink, clearer pink on throat. (Pacific coast, 

 territory of Tepic.) ...Phoenicothraupis rnbioa roseus, adult male (p. 147) 

 65. Scarlet crown-patch not margined laterally with a line of black or blackish 

 brown; lores and suborbital region dusky or sooty grayish; chin and sides 

 of upper throat dusky or sooty grayish. 

 c. Back, etc. , reddish dusky ; tail not distinctly reddish. ( Southeastern Nicaragua 

 to northeastern Colombia. ) . .Phoenicothraupis fusoioauda, adult male (p. 152) 

 a: Back, etc., brownish red, grayish red, or reddish brown. {Phosnicoihraupis 

 salvini, adult male. ) 

 d. Back, etc., brownish red or grayish red; under parts of body but slightly 

 tinged with gray. 

 e. Paler; light grayish red above. 

 /. Paler and more grayish. (Myiarchusgeres and Meco islands, Yucatan.) 



Phoenicothraupis salvini insnlaris, adult male (p. 152) 

 ff. Darker and less grayish. (Peninsula of Yucatan. ) 



Phoenicothraupis salvini peninsularis, adult male (p. 151) 

 ee. Darker; deep brownish red above. 

 /. Throat poppy red; more purplish red above and below. (Coast plain 

 of eastern Mexico, from southern Tamaulipas to Tabasco.) 



Phoenicothraupis salvini littoralis, adult male (p. 149) 



ff. Throat vermilion red or scarlet; more brownish red above and below. 



(Southeastern Mexico, except coastal plain, to northern Honduras.) 



Phoenicothraupis salvini salvini, adult male (p. 148) 



dd. Back, etc., reddish brown; under parts of body strongly tinged with 



grayish. (Southern Honduras to eastern Nicaragua.) 



Phoenicothraupis salvini discolor, adult male (p. 150) 

 aa. General color olive or brownish, the throat yellow or yellowish. ( Adult females 

 and immature males. ) 

 b. Center of crown and occiput distinctly yellowish, ochraceous, or tawny, or else 

 throat not yellowish or salmon color, 

 c. Darker; moredecidedly olivaceous below ; crown-patch more tawny-ochraceous. 

 d. Back, chest, etc., ochreous olive; crown-patch ochraceous or tawny. 



PhcBnioothranpis rubica rubicoides, adult female and young male (p. 144) 

 dd. Back, chest, etc., more greenish olive; crown-patch more yellowish ocher. 

 e. Darker above, paler below, the abdomen pale buff; smaller (wing aver- 

 aging 82, tail 69.5). 



Phoenicothraupis rubica nelsoni, adult iemale (p. 146) 

 ee. Paler above, darker below, the abdomen olive-buff or huffy olive; larger 

 (wing averaging 85.3, tail 77.2). 



Phoenicothraupis rubica vinacea, adult female (p. 146) 

 cc. Paler; mo-e ochraceous or buffy below; crown-patch more buffy, less dis- 

 tinct (sometimes obsolete). 

 d. Deeper colored; larger (wing 91.9, tail 85.1, exposed culmen 17.0). 



Phoenicothraupis rubica affinis, adult female and young male (p. 147) 

 dd. Paler; smaller (wing 81.5-83.8, tail 78.2-80.0, culmen 14.7-15.2) . 



Phoenicothraupis rubrica roseus, adult female and young male (p. 147) 

 bb. Center of crown and occiput not yellowish, ochraceous, or tawny, but concolor 

 with rest of pileum, or else tinged with red ; throat yellowish or salmon color, 

 in more or less gtrong contrast with color of chest, 

 c. Above brown; chest tawny brown or cinnamon-brownish 

 d. Throat yellow; chest tawny brown; back darker brown; tail bistre or sepia 

 brown; occiput not tinged with red. 



Phoenicothranpis salvini salvini, adult female and young male (p. 148) 

 Phoenicotliraupis salvini discolor, adult female and young male (p. 150) 




144 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dd. Throat ochraceous-buff, ochraceous-rufous, or dull salmon color; back 

 lighter brown; tail light mars brown o' cinnamon-brown; occiput tinged 

 with red. 

 Phcenioothraxipis salvini littoralis, adult female and young male (p. 149) 

 cc. Above, olive or deep olive-brown; chest olive or yellowish olive. 



Phoenicotliraupis fuscicauda, adult female and young male (p. 152) 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA RUBICOIDES (Lafresnaye). 

 MEXICAN ANT TANAOER. 



Adult tiKile. — Median portion of crown and occiput scarlet, forming 

 a bush}^ erectile crest of elongated narrow feathers, this scarlet patch 

 or crest bordered laterally by a narrow stripe of black or blackish 

 brown; forehead, sides of head, and upper parts (except as described) 

 plain dull brownish red (deep brick red, liver brown, or bay); 

 under parts reddish, changing gradually from light vermilion or dull 

 scarlet on throat to dull vinaceous on flanks and dull flesh color on 

 margins of under tail-coverts, the central portion of which is duller, 

 more grayish red; maxilla blackish brown; mandible horn brown; iris 

 brown; ^ legs and feet horn brown; length Cskins), 165.1-184.2 (174.2); 

 wing, 90.T-98.6 (94.2); tail, 77-86.1 (81.5); exposed culmen, 15-16.8 

 (15.7); depth of bill at base, 8.4-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 23.1-26.7 (24.4); 

 middle toe 14.7-17.3 (16).' 



Admit female. — Pileum deep or dark olive anteriorly or laterally, 

 inclosing a more or less distinct elongated patch of ocher-yellowish, 

 ochraceous, or tawny, the feathers of this patch more or less tipped 

 with olive; rest of upper parts plain light olive, olive-brown, or slightly 

 ochraceous olive; under parts paler ochraceous-olive, still paler and 

 usually tinged with yellow on throat, the flanks browner or more olive; 

 bill, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 167.6-177.8 (172.2); 

 wing, 83.8-89.4 (86.9); tail, 73.9-79.5 (77.2); exposed culmen, 14.2- 

 16.5(15.7); depthof bill at base, 8.1-9.7(9.1); tarsus, 22.4-25.4(24.4); 

 middle toe, 14.2-15.2 (14.7).' 



' Sumlchrast. 



^ Fourteen specimens. 



' Seven specimens. 



Average measurements of specimens from different localities are as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 145 



Trmnature 7na^<'.— Similar to the adult female, and not always dis- 

 tinguishable, but usually more rufescent in coloring; sometimes russet- 

 brown above, the primaries and rectrices decidedly russet, crown-patch 

 deep tawny, and under parts strongly tinged with tawny, especially on 

 throat and chest. 



Yaung {first plumage).— Ahoya plain olive-brown, the crown with- 

 out any distinct patch, or none, of ochraceous; primaries and rectrices 

 lighter, more yellowish olive or raw umber brown; under parts plain 

 buflfy olive, the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and throat buffy wood 

 brown, the last paler. 



Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa, Paplanta, Cor- 

 dova, etc.), Oaxaca (Playa Vicente, Guichicovi, etc.), and southward 

 through Guatemala to Honduras^ (San Pedro; Omoa to Chilomo). 



iialt[ator'] rubicoides Lafresnayb, Rev. Zool., vii, 1844, 41 (Mexico). 



Phloenicothraupis'] rubicoides Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 24 (Mexico). 



Phcmicothraupis rubicoides Sclatek, Ann. & Myiarchusg. N. H., 2d ser., xiii, 1854, 25; 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 120, part (monogr. ; Papantla and Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz; Guatemala), 303 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa), 377 (Playa 

 Vicente, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 

 44; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 83 (Mexico; Guatemala).— Sclatee and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, 15 (Guatemala) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, 

 Honduras).— MooRE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 (Omoa to Chilomo, 

 Honduras).— Salvin and Sclatee, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Yzabal, Guatemala).— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1866, 173 (City of Mexico).— Su.mi- 

 CHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (tierra caliente, Vera Cruz).— 

 Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 193 (Guatemala).— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 300 (Yzabal, Choctum, Alotenango, Saxana 

 Grande, Escuiutla, Costa Grande, and Retalhuleu, Guatemala; Omoa, Hon- 

 duras, etc.)— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 27 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz). 



IPhomicothraupiji] rubicoides Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part. 



Phaenicothraupis vinacea (not of Lawrence) Boucaed, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. 



Phsenieothraupis rubicoides Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 19 

 (Guichicovi, Oaxaca). 



Phsenieothraupis rubicoides Boucard, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. 



Saltator rubicus (not of Vieillot) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1865, 90 

 (foot of Cofre del Perote, Vera Cruz). 



Tanagra ignicapilla Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 2 [novien nudum; 

 Papantla,^ Vera Cruz, Mexico); Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 56. 



P[hoenic.othraupis} ignicapilla Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1870, 581, in text 

 (Guatemala). 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA NELSONI Ridgway. 

 NELSON'S ANT TANAGER, 



Similar to P. r. rubicoides but smaller and much duller in color, with 

 underparts much paler; adult male with back, etc., reddish chestnut 

 instead of deep brick red, liver brown, or bay, the throat pale coral 



' No Honduras specimens have been seen by me. 



''According to Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 300. 



3654— VOL 2—01 10 




14:6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



red or reddish flesh color instead of light vermilion or scarlet; adult 

 female with back, etc., more olive, the abdomen very pale buffy. 



Adult male.^L,ength (skins), 167.8-185 (178.2); wing, 88-97(90.8); 

 tail, 76-83 (78.5); exposed culmen, 16; tarsus, 22-34(23.5); middle toe, 

 14-16(14.7.)' 



Adult female.- — Length (skin), 166; wing, 82; tail, 69.5; exposed 

 culmen, 16; tarsus, 23; middle toe, 15.^ 



Peninsula of Yucatan (Puerto Morelos) including Campeche 

 (Apazote). 



I'hn'idcoiliranpix rubicoides (not Saltnior rnhicoides Lafresnaye) Chapman, Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., viii, 1896, 279 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan). 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA VINACEA (Lawrence). 

 VINACEO0S-THROATEI) ANT TANAGEK. 



Similar to P. r. ntbicoides but adult male with under parts duller 

 reddish, especially on throat, and adult female moi'e greenish olive 

 above, more yellowish olive below. 



Adult maJe. — Above exactly as in P. r. rnhicoides but scarlet crest 

 encroaching more on the forehead, where extending almost to base of 

 culmen; beneath as in ]*. r. ruhicoides, but throat duller red, obsoletely 

 streaked with still duller brownish red; length (skins), 170-188 

 (179.7); wing, 91.9-97 (94.2); tail, 81.5-83 (82.5); exposed culmen, 

 15-16(16.7); depth of bill at base, 9.5-10 (9.8); tarsus, 24.4^-24.9(24.5); 

 middle toe, 16-16.5 (16.1).' 



Adult female. — Above light ochraceous-olive, more greenish than 

 in P. r. rubicoides; sides of pileum darker than back, the median por- 

 tion dull ochraceous or ochre-yellowish; under parts light ochraceous- 

 olive on chest, similar but duller on sides and flanks, the throat and 

 abdomen light wax yellowish (the former indistinctly streaked with 

 pale grayish olive); length (skins), 170-175 (173); wing, 82-90 (86.5); 

 tail, 75.5-79.5 (76.9); exposed culmen, 15-16.5 (15.7); depth of bill at 

 base, 8.5-10 (9.4); tarsus, 23-24.5 (23.6); middle toe, 15.' 



Costa Rica to Isthmus of Panama. 



Phcenicothraupis ruhicoides (not Saltator rubicoides Lafresnaye) Cassin, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1865, 171 (Grecia, Costa Rica). 



Phxnicothraupus vinacea Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, 1867, 94 

 (Panama; coll. G. N, Lawrence); Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868,99 (Guaitilaiid 

 Grecia, Costa Pica; descr. female). 



Phoenicothraupus vinacea Frantzins, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica). 



Phoenicothraupis vinacea Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 (Volcan de 

 Chiriqui; Calovevora, Veragua).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 301.— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 197.— Under- 

 wood, Ibis, 1896, 435 (Volcan de Mlravalles, Costa Rica). 



[Phcenicothraupit'] vinacea Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. 



' Four specimens. 2 Q^g specimen. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 147 



Phamwolhraupis rinacca Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchusp. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 



(Tamborde, Alajuela, and Guaitil, Oosta Rica). 

 Pfiomicothrau]ns ruUcaf (not Saltator rubicus Vieillot) S.\lvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lond., 1867, 139 (Santa F6, Veragua; crit). 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA AFFINIS (Nelson). 

 OAXACA ANT TANAGEE. 



Similar to P. r. rubicoides, but much paler. 



Adult maZe.— Grayish brick red above, dull flesh color below, 

 slightly brighter on throat, darker and duller on chest, the sides and 

 fianks still duller and strongly tinged with bi'ownish gray. 



Advlt female. — Light olive above (more yellowish on tail and outer 

 webs of primaries) the crown with an indistinct dusky stripe along 

 each side and the central portion, indistinctly, light ochraceous; under- 

 parts nearly uniform brownish buff or clay color, lighter, more decid- 

 edly buffy on throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, darker on flanks. 



Adult male. — Length (skin), 190.5; wing, 91.9; tail, 83.3; exposed 

 culmen, 17; depth of bill at base, 9.9; tarsus, 25.4; middle toe, 15.5. 



Adultfemale. — Length (skin), 185.4; wing, 91.9; tail, 85.1; exposed 

 culmen, 17; depth of bill at base, 9.9; tarsus, 25.4; middle toe, 16.2. 



Pacific slope of Oaxaca (Pinotepa) and Guerrero(?). 



Phomicothraupis rubicoides affinis Nelson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 66 (Pinotepa, 

 Oaxaca, s. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ). 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA ROSEUS (Nelson). 

 ROST ANT TANAGER. 



Similar in coloration to J*, r. affinis, but still paler, the adult male 

 more pinkish, the adult female more greenish above and more yel- 

 lowish below. 



Adult male. — Above similar to P. r. affinis, but crest poppy red 

 rather than scarlet, and general color of back, wings, etc., rather 

 warmer reddish; beneath deep vinaceous-pink, clearer and deeper on 

 throat and chest, paler on abdomen and under tail-coverts, much grayer 

 on sides and flanks; length (skin), 182.9; wing, .92.7; tail, 85.9; 

 exposed culmen, 16.5; depth of bill at base, 9.9; tarsus, 24.9; middle 

 toe, 15.5.^ 



Adult fe^nale. — Above light greenish olive, the median portion of 

 crown indistinctly ochraceous (this sometimes obsolete); beneath vary- 

 ing from pale dull clay color (more buffy on throat, abdomen, and 

 under tail-coverts) to pale dull buff-yellowish, tinged on chest, sides, 

 and flanks with pale grayish olive; length (skins), 175.3-177.8 (176.5); 

 wing, 81.5-83.8 (82.6); tail, 78.2-80 (79); exposed culmen, 14.7-15.2 

 (15); depth of bill at base, 8.9-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 24.1; middle toe, 

 16-15.2.^ 



' One specimen (the type). ^ Two specimens. 




148 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Pacific coast district of western Mexico, in Territory of Tepic (San 

 Sebastian; Arroyo de Juan Sanchez). 



Phmiicothraupis rubicoides roseus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. AVash., xii, Myiarchusr. 24, 

 1898, 60 (Arroyo de .Tuan Sanchez, Jalisco, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI SALVINI Berlepsch. 

 SALVIN'S ANT TANA6ER. 



Sinailar to P. fitscicauda in absence of distinct black lateral border 

 to the scarlet crest, brown or dusky tips to feathers of the latter, and 

 conspicuously yellow throat and absence of colored crown-patch in 

 adult females, but coloration much redder in adult males, much 

 browner, or less olivaceous in females. 



Adult tnale. — Above plain brick red or liver brown (more purplish 

 than in P. rnhicoides), the remiges deep grayish brown terminally; 

 median portion of crown and occiput bright vermilion or scarlet, the 

 feathers tipped with dark reddish brown; lores, suborbital region, and 

 anterior portion of malar region dusky, the chin similar but paler 

 (dull brown or grayish brown); throat clear vermilion red, changing 

 on under parts of body to brownish red, this changing on flanks to 

 much duller grayish red or dusky vinaceous; under tail-coverts light 

 vermilion red, duller (pale grayish red) medially; bill black; legs and 

 feet light horn brownish; length (skins), 17Y.8-209.6 (198.1); wing, 

 93.7-109 (102.1); tail, 85.6-99.6 (94.5); exposed cuhnen, 14.7-17.5 

 (16.5); depth of bill at base, 7.9-9.4 (8.6); tarsus, 25.9-28.5 (26.9); 

 middle toe, 16.3-18.8 (17.5).' 



Adult female. — Above, including sides of head, plain deep umber 

 brown, without lighter or difi'erently colored space in center of 

 pileum; lores, suborbital region, anterior portion of malar region, 

 chin, and lateral margin of upper throat brownish gray or dusky; 

 throat ocher-yellow or dull cadmium yellow, sometimes approaching 

 orange-ochraceous; chest tawny-olivc, russet, or orange-russet, the 

 sides and flanks similar but duller, the abdomen paler (light tawny- 

 olive or raw umber, sometimes tinged with yellow); under tail-coverts 

 cinnamon; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 180.3-190.5 

 (182.4); wing, 86.9-97 (90.4); tail, 81-87.1 (88.6); exposed culmen. 

 16-18 (16.8); depth of bill at base, 7.9-9.1 (8.4); tarsus, 25.1-26.i( 

 (25.7); middle toe, 16.3-17.3 (16.8).' 



Immature male. — Similar in coloration to the adult female and often 

 not distinguishable. 



Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Orizaba; Motzorongo), 

 Oaxaca (Guichicovi; Santo Domingo; Tuxtepec), and Chiapas (San 



' Eleven specimens. 



'^ Six specimens from southern Mexico (Vera Cruz and Oaxaca). 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 149 



Benito; El Salto), and southward through Guatemala to northern 

 Honduras. 



Phcenicothraupis rubicus (not Saltaior rubicus Vieillot) Sumichbast, Mem. Boat. 

 Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (tierra caliente, Vera Cruz). 



Phcenicothraupin fuscicanda (not of Cabanis) Laivrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 no. 4, 1876, 19 (Cniichicovi, Oaxaca). 



(?) Phoenicothrau]>i!< fuscicaudii (not of Lawrence) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. 

 Sci., 1896-97 (1899), 223 (Naranjo, Guatemala). 



Phcmicothrmcpis salvini Berlepsch, Ibis, 5th ser., i, Oct., 1883, 487, pi. 13 (Guate- 

 mala; coll. Count von Berlepsch).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1883, 303, part (Vera Cruz; Guichicovi, Oaxaca; Corosal and 

 Belize, British Honduras; Chisec, Guatemala).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 200, part (Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; Belize and Corosal, British 

 Honduras; Chisec% Guatemala). 



Phmiicothraupis salriiii salvini Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 

 1901, 150, in text. 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI LITTORALIS (Nelson). 

 TABASCO ANT TANAGER. 



Similar to P. s. salvini, but adult male much more purplish or rosy 

 red and adult female and immature male much more reddish, with 

 throat deep ochraceous-butf or dull orange to ochraceous-rufous tinged 

 with red instead of yellow, and under parts of body tawny -ochraceous 

 to cinnamon-rufous, tinged with red medially. 



Adult male. — Above plain deep brick red; wings grayish brown 

 (deep hair brown), v/ith brick red edgings, this color occupjang whole 

 outer web of tertials; primaries edged for basal half with pale brick 

 red, for terminal portion with pale grayish brown; median portion of 

 crown and occiput poppy red, the feathers with tips extensively dark 

 reddish brown; lores, suborbital region, anterior portion of malar 

 region, chin, and sides of upper throat dusky brownish gray or sooty; 

 throat poppy red; rest of under parts changing from dark or dull 

 poppy red on chest to paler, more vinaceous,,red on abdomen and to 

 dark vinaceous on flanksjjqnder tail-coverts pale poppy red or deep 

 flesh-pink, tinged with grayish on median portion of each feather; bill 

 black, the mandible sometimes more brownish basally; legs light horn 

 brownish, the toes somewhat darker; length (skins), 205.7-213.1 

 (208.3); wing, 101.6-106.7 (104.4); tail, 90.-1^99.3 (95.5); exposed cul- 

 men, 17.8-19.8 (19.1); depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 

 25.4-28.2 (26.7); middle toe, 16-17.5 (16.8).' 



Adult female. — Above deep mars brown, the center of crown and 

 occiput more or less strongly tinged with brownish red; lores, subor- 

 bital region, anterior portion of malai' region, and chin dull grayish or 

 brownish gray; throat varying from orange-buff to deep salmon-color 

 or dull Saturn red; chest cinnamon-rufous or deep tawny, fading into 

 tawny-ochraceous or paler cinnamon-rufous on abdomen, the sides and 



^ Six specimens. 




150 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



flanks russet; under tail-coverts clear tawnj'-; maxilla blackish, mandi- 

 ble brownish or blackish, or the former basally, the latter terminally; 

 legs and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 179.8-197.1 (187.7); 

 wing, 89.4-98 (93.5); tail, 82-87.9 (84.6); exposed culmen, 15.7-18 

 (17.3); depth of bill at base, 9.4-10.4 (9.9); tarsus, 25.1-26.4 (25.7); 

 tarsus, 25.1-26.4 (25.7); middle toe, 15-16.5 (16).' 



TiJimature male. — Similar to the adult female, but usually(?) more 



reddish (throat dull saturn red to pale dull vermilion), under parts 



tinged with red, and median portion of crown and occiput dull reddish. 



Coast plain of eastern Mexico, from southern Tamaulipas (Alta 



Myiarchusra; Tampico) to Chiapas (El Salto) and Tabasco (Frontera). 



Fhwnicothraupis fuscicauda salmni Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, Aug. 



12, 1896, 631 (Alta, Myiarchusra, Tamaulipas). 

 Phcenicolhraupis littoralis Nelson, Auk, xviii, Jan., 1891, 48 (Frontera, Tabasco, 

 s. e. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI DISCOLOR Ridgway. 



NICARAGTTAN ANT TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Similar to /-*. s. salvini, but upper parts much duller 

 in color (chocolate instead of purplish brick red or liver brown); 

 throat paler vermilion or scarlet, and under parts of body paler and 

 much more tinged with' graj', the flanks decidedly grayish; length 

 (skins), 180.3-190.5 (185.9); wing, 92.5-99.1 (96.5); tail, 84.8-90.9 

 (87.1); exposed culmen, 17.3-19.1 (17.8); depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.7 

 (8.9); tarsus, 25.4-26.2 (25.7); middle toe, 15.2-17.3 (16.5).' 



Adult female. — Not always distinguishable from that of P. s. sal- 

 vini, but sometimes a little more olive in coloring, especialljr the tail; 

 length (skins), 170.2-195.6 (181.4); wing, 84.1-92.2 (88.9); tail, 76.2- 

 84.3 (81); exposed culmen, 16.. 3-17 (16.5); depth of bill at base, 8.4-9.1 

 (8.6); tarsus, 24.9-27.7 (25.7); middle toe, 15.7-16.5 (16).-' 



Young male {first jfl'wnage). — Pileum, hindneck, and under parts 

 brownish vinaceous-cinnamon, darker on the first, the last indistinctly 

 clouded on chest, breast, etc., with vandyke brown; back and other 

 upper parts warmer sepia brown, becoming clearer sepia on tail and 

 primaries, the latter with much paler edges; feathers of back with 

 paler shaft-streaks; bill horn brownish, paler at tip.* 



Southern Honduras (Rio Segovia) and Nicaragua (Rio Escondido; 

 Los Sabalos; Myiarchusnagua). 



(?) Phcenicothrawpis fuscicauda (not of Cabanis ?) Salvix, Ibis, 1872, 313, 316 

 (Chontales, Nicaragua).— Sclatkr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mns., xi, 1886, 199, 

 part (Chontales). 



' Six specimens. 

 ^ Five specimens. 

 ■' Four specimens. 



■•Probably not different from the same stage of P. .i. salvini, wliii^h, however, I 

 have not seen. 




BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. l5l 



Phcmicothraupis rubicoides (not SnUator rubicoides Lafresnaye) Nutting, Proc. 

 _U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 382 (Sucuyii, Nicaragua; habits). 



Phcenicothraupis salvini (not of Berlepsch) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1888, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras). — Rich.mond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 

 1893, 490 (Rio Escondido and Greytowu, Nicaragua; habits). 



Pliomicothraupis salvini discolor Ridgw.w, Proc. Wa?ii. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 

 1901, 150 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; (»11. U. R. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI PENINSULARIS Ridgway. 



YUCATAN ANT TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Similar t'j that of /\ ;. .salvini ^ but much paler; abc>*e 

 dull brick red, paler and more tinged with grayish on .sides of pileum 

 and on forehead, especiallj' the latter; wings gra3'ish brown or drab, 

 tinged with dull reddish, the coverts and secondaries with more decid- 

 edly reddish edgings, the primaries edged with pale reddish gray; tail 

 similar in color to back, but lighter (light dul 1 vi naceous-ruf ous) ; median 

 portion of crown and occiput scarlet, the feathers with brownish tips; 

 lores, suborbital region and anterior portion of malar region sooty 

 brownish; chin and lateral margin of upper throat soot}' gi'ayish; 

 throat and chest light vermilion red, becoming gradual^ duller pos- 

 teriorly, when gradually becoming paler and more tinged with gray, 

 the flanks dull vinaceous; length (skins), 186-200 (193.8); wing, 98-10-4 

 (101.2); tail, 82-101 (90.4); exposed culmen, 15-lY (16); tarsus, 21-28 

 (26.4); middle toe, 16-18 (17).' 



Immature male. — Ver};' much paler than the immature male or adult 

 female of P. s. salvini and much grayer above; upper parts plain light 

 brown (broccoli brown with a tinge of wood brown), becoming more 

 ochreous or tawny brown (light raw umber) on rump and upper tail- 

 coverts; pileum (except laterally) brighter, more ochraceous (ochra- 

 ceous-cinnamon) ; throat pale ocher yellow; rest of under parts dull 

 ochraceous, darker across chest, browner (grayish cinnamon) on sides 

 and flanks, paler (buff-yellowish) on abdomen. 



This form seems to be very close to P. in.vilaris., which I have not 

 seen; but since the describers of P. inmlaris compare it with Yucatan 

 specimens, which they refer to P. salmjii, though the paler color of 

 Yucatan specimens is alluded to, I can only conclude that the main- 

 land and island birds are different. 



Peninsula of Yucatan (Izalam; Calotmul; Puerto Morelos^; La 

 Vega). 



Phcenicothraupis! rubicoides (not SidKdor rubicoides Lafresnaye) Boucard, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 443 (Izalam, n. Yucatan). 

 Phoenicothraupvs salvini BKRLEPScn, Ibis, 1883, 487, part (Izalam, n. Yucatan).— 



Salvin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 303, part (Izalam, n. 



Yucatan).— ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 200, part (Izalam). 

 Phcmi-eoihraupis salvini peninsularis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 



15, 1901, 150 (Izalam, n. Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



' Seven specimens. Two adult males from Canasayat, Campeche, average, wing, 

 104.5; tail, 90.5; exposed culmen, 16.5; tarsus, 25.5; middle toe, 16.5. 



•m;,.m,.. 




152 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI INSULARIS (Salvin). 

 ISLAND ANT TANAOER. 



Similar to P. s. peni-nsularis, but still paler and grayer. 

 Adult male. — Above grayish red, wings and tail more dusky, slightly ■ 

 edged with olivaceous; vertical crest bright red, without black margin; 

 beneath pale red, the throat clearer, the breast and flanks tinged with 

 gray; bill horn color; feet hazel. Total length, 198.1; wing, 101.6; 

 tail, 91.4; bill to rictus, 21.6; tarsus 25.4. (Free translation of 

 original description.) 



Adult female. — Above cinnamon; throat and median portion of 

 abdomen fawn color. (Translation of original description.) 



According to Salvin this form is near P. sah)in/\ but is much paler 

 and grayer above, and beneath very much paler. 



Meco Island and Myiarchusgeres Island, off coast of Yucatan. 

 Phoenicothraupii hisularis Salvin, Ibis, 5th ser., vi, Apr., 1888, 259 (Meco and 



Myiarchusgeres islands, Yucatan; coll. Salvin and Godman). 

 Phcenicothraupig salmni insularis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 

 1901, 150, in text. 



PHCENICOTHRAUPIS FUSCICAUDA Cabanis. 

 DUSKY-TAILED ANT TANAGER. 



Adult male. — Upper parts dark chocolate brown, varying to seal 

 brown; remiges duskj% the secondaries edged with dull chocolate 

 brown, the primaries with brownish gray; rectrices duskj' edged with 

 dark purplish brown or chocolate; median portion of pileum bright 

 vermilion or scarlet, the feathers with chocolate-brown tips; sides of 

 head dark chocolate brown posteriorly, becoming dusky on malar, 

 suborbital, and loral regions, the chin also dusky, at least laterally; 

 throat vermilion red or scarlet, forming a more or less triangular 

 patch; rest of under parts changing from dull or dusky grayish red 

 on chest to dark reddish gray on flanks, the under tail-coverts dull 

 grayish red, like chest; bill black, the basal portion of mandible some- 

 times more grayish; legs and feet dark horn-brownish; length (skins), 

 180.3-205.7 (191.5); wing, 94.7-103.9 (101.3); tail, 84.8-97.5 (91.4); 

 exposed culmen, 16-18.3 (17.5); depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.7 (9.1); 

 tarsus, 25.9-27.2 (26.2); middle toe, 16-17.8 (17.3).' 



Adult female. — Above plain deep bistre brown, more olivaceous on 

 pileum (where sometimes very faintly tinged with yellowish in central 

 or median portion), and on upper tail-coverts, the wings and tail more 

 grayish brown or sepia; sides of head like pileum, becoming lighter 

 or more grayish on malar region; chin and sides of upper throat dull 

 grayish; throat (except sides of upper portion) ochre-yellow or gall- 

 stone yellow (varying to pale naples yellow or maize yellow), some- 

 times very faintly streaked with pale grayish; chest yellowish olive or 



' Twelve specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



153 



ochraceous-olive, passing into lighter and more grayish oli^o on abdo- 

 men and into deep olive-brown on sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts; 

 bill and feet as in adult male, the former sometimes more brownish; 

 length (skins), 175.3-190.5 (184.7); wing, 86.6-95.3 (91.7); tail, 78.7- 

 86.4 (83.1); exposed culmen, 16.3-18.3 (17.5); depth of bill at base, 

 8.4-10.2 (9.1); tarsus, 24.9-26.9 (25.9); middle toe, 15.7-17.5 (16.5). ^ 



Southern Nicaragua (Grey town; Los Sabalos) to northern Colombia 

 (Santa Myiarchusrta). 



Phoenicothraupis fuscicauda Cabanis, Journ. fur Orn., ix, Myiarchusr., 1861, 86 (Costa 

 Rica; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). — Frantzifs, .Tourn. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Angostura 

 and Sarapiqui, Costa Rica). 



Ph(enicothraupis fuscicauda Laaveence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1863, 469 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 179 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 99 

 (Angostura, Costa Rica). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1864, 350 (Lion Hill; crit.).— Boucakd, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1878, 55 

 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 

 1883,802 (Bebedero, Gulf of Nicoya, and San Carlos, w. Costa Rica, etc.).— 

 Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 1884, vi, 400 (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua).— Ridg- 

 WAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1884, 414 (Pacuare, Costa Rica).— Sclatee, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 199, part (Nicoya, Costa Rica; Panama and 

 Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ; Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia). 



[Phcmicolhraupii'] fuscicauda Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. 



Phsenicothraupis fuscicauda Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 1.10 

 (Panama).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss, xvi, 1893, 490 (Rio Frio, Costa 

 Rica). 



Pliomicothraupis rubicoides (not Saltator rubicoides Lafresnaye) Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (Costa Rica). 



Phmnicolhraupis erylhrolxma Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 83 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater; ex Bonaparte, manuscript). 



Phcenicothraupis fuscicauda erythroliema Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 

 Sept. 20, 1900, 30 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.; crit.). 



' Ten specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 



Some specimens from the Isthmus of Panama are paler than those from Costa 

 Rica and Nicaragua, the adult males slightly more reddish above and the females 

 more olive (less brown) ; but the difference is so slight and so inconstant (judging by 

 the small series examined) that it does not seem justifiable to recognize a southern 

 form. 




154 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Genus CHLOROTHRAUPIS Ridg-way. 



Chloroilirmipis " Ridgway, Pr. U.S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 1883," Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, Dec, 1883, 297.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 vi, no. 26, Apr. 11, 1884, 412. (Type, Phcenicothraupis carmioli Lawrence.) 



Medium sized, plainly colored Tanagers related to PJuBnicothraupis, 

 but with tail decidedly shorter than wing from bend to tips of second- 

 aries, and with feathers of crown not elongated; sexes alike in color, 

 olive-green above, more yellowish below. 



Bill strong, with nearly straight outlines but decurved at tip, rather 

 deeper than broad at base, the basal depth nearly equal to length of 

 gonys; exposed culmen about five-sixths as long as tarsus, slightly 

 convex or nearlj^ straight to near tip, where distinctly decurved and 

 moderately uncinate; gonys decidedly shorter than distance from nos- 

 tril to tip of maxilla, slightly convex, ascending terminalh^; maxillary 

 tomium slightlj^ notched subterminally, nearly straight, but percep- 

 tibly convex in middle portion. Nostril exposed, longitudinal, very 

 small, narrow, with broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles dis- 

 tinct. Wing about four times as long as tarsus, rounded (seventh to 

 fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than third); primaries exceeding 

 secondaries by much less than length of tarsus. Tail about two-thirds 

 as long as wing or a little more, slightl}'^ rounded, the rectrices rather 

 narrow, with slightlj' pointed tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than 

 middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle 

 claw; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit. 



CoJoratum. — Uniform dull olive-green above, lighter and more yel- 

 lowish below. 



Ravge. — Costa Rica to Peru. (Three species.) 



This genus comes nearest, apparently, to Plra7iga, from which it 

 differs chiefly in its more I'ounded wing, shorter, more rounded tail, 

 and dull coloration of the adult male. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CHLOKOTHEAUPIS. 



<i. Supraloral streak and orbital ring yellow. (Isthmus of Panama to Ecuador.) 



Chlorotliraupis olivaoea, adults (p. 154) 



aa. No yellow on sides of head. (Costa Rica to Peru.) 



Chlorothranpis carmioli, adults (p. 155) 



CHLOROTHRAUPIS OLIVACEUS (Cassin). 

 YELLOW-BKOWED TANAGER. 



Adults {sexes alike?). — Above plain bright olive-green, becoming 

 darker on pileum; anterior margin of forehead, supraloral line, and 

 orbital ring lemon yellow, the sides of head otherwise olive-green, 

 like hindneck, becoming somewhat duskj^ toward rictus and dull gray- 

 ish olive on lores; an indistinct line of olive-yellowish along lower 

 edge of malar region; chin and throat canary yellow medially, olive- 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 155 



greenish laterally; rost of under parts plain light oli\-o-g-recn, becom- 

 ing slightly more yellowiHh on abdomen.' 



Adult male.— Ijength (skin), 154.9; wing, 88.9; tail, 60.5; depth of 

 bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 22.1; middle toe, 14.7.^ 



Isthmus of Panama (Eio Truando) and southward through Colom- 

 bia to Ecuador (Pasto). 



OHhogonys oUraceus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 140 (valley of 

 the Rio Truando, n. Colombia; coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); 1864, 287, pi. 2.— 

 ScLATEE and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Sm: Lond., 1879, 502 (Eemedioa, prov. 

 Antioquia, Colombia; crit. ). 



Chlorothraupis oUvacea Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 38, 

 Dec, 1883, 298 (valley of Truando; Pasto, Ecuador).— Sclatbh, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 195 (Eemedios and Nichi, prov. Antioquia, Colombia; 

 Pasto, Ecuador). 



CHLOROTHRAUPIS CARMIOLI (Lawrence). 

 OARMIOl'S TANAGER. 



Adults {sexes allhe). — Above plain bright olive-green; beneath j^el- 

 lowish olive-green medially, olive-green (like upper parts) on sides and 

 ilank«, the throat yellow or olive-yellow, streaked with pale gra3ash 

 olive; maxilla brownish black, mandible paler, more horn colored; 

 iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). 



AdAjlt mafe.— Length (skins) 157.5-176.5 (167.1); wing, 88.9-94 

 f!)0.9); tail, 66-67.8 (66.5); exposed culmen, 15.7-17.8 (16.8); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 22.4-24.1 (23.1); middle toe, 14- 

 15.7 (15).' 



Adult femicde. — Length (skin), 157.5; wing, 85.1; tail, 61.5; exposed 

 culmen, 17; depth of bill at base, 9.7; tarsus, 22.4; middle toe, 13.2.' 



Nicaragua (Chontales), Costa Rica (Angostura; Turrialba; Rio 

 Sucio; Valsa), and southward to northern Peru (valley of Cosnipata). 



Phcemcothraupia carmioli Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ix, Apr., 1868, 

 100 (Angostura, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. JSTat. Myiarchuss.).— Salvin, Ibis, 1869, 313 

 (crit.). — ScLATBR and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 186 (valley of 

 Cosnipata, s. e. Peru). — Eiugway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 411 

 (crit.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i,. 1883, pi. 20, 

 fig. 1. — TaczanowskI, Orn. du P^rou, ii, 1885, 499. 



Phoenicothraupis carmioli Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica). 



[Phamicothraupisl carmioli Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. 



Chlorothraupis carmioli Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 38, 

 Dec, 1883, 299 (Chontales, Nicaragua; Angostura and Volcan de Turrialba, 

 Costa Rica; Cosnipata, s. e. Peru). — Solatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 194.— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Rio Sucio, 

 Costa Rica). 



'The bill and feet of the single specimen examined are in a ccmdition -which does 

 not permit of their color being described. 

 '' One specimen, the type. This has the tip of the bill broken off. 

 'Three specimens. 

 * One specimen. 




156 BULLETITSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Genus NESOSPINGUS Selater. 



Nesospingus Sclater, Ibis, 5th ser. , iii, July, 1885, 273. (Type, Chkn-ospingus specu- 

 liferus Lawrence.) 



Medium-sized, plainly colored Tanagers with outermost (ninth) pri- 

 mary shorter than fourth (sometimes shorter than third); coloration 

 plain olive above with a small white spot at base of primaries; whitish 

 beneath. 



Bill subconical, rather stout; exposed culmen nearly two-thirds as 

 long as tarsus, nearly straight basally, gradually convex for terminal 

 half; gonys slightly convex, nearlj- as long as maxilla from nostril; 

 depth of bill at base decidedly greater than its width; maxillary 

 tomium nearly straight, slightly notched subterminally, graduallj' and 

 slightly deflected basally; mandibular tomium slightly convex termi- 

 nally, straight in middle portion, gradually though decidedly convex 

 and deflected basally. Nostril exposed, small, roundish, in anterior 

 end of nasal fossse. Rictal bristles veiy weak, hardly obvious. 

 Wing about three and four-fifths times as long as tarsus, rounded 

 (seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than sixth, 

 sometimes shorter than seventh), primaries exceeding secondaries by 

 less than length of tarsus. Tail shorter than wing by about length of 

 tarsus, very slightly rounded, the rectrices moderately broad, with 

 firm webs and rounded, though rather narrow, tips. Tarsus decidedly 

 longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base 

 of middle claw; hind claw shorter than its digit, stronglj' curved. 



Coloration. — Above plain grajdsh brown, with white spot at base of 

 primaries; beneath white, slightly flecked on breast with grayish. 



Range. — Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) 



NESOSPINGUS SPECULIFERUS (Lawrence). 

 PORTO EICAN TANAGER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum, hindneck, sides of neck, and sides of head 

 (down to upper margin of malar region) dusky olive-grayish, the pileum 

 and hindneck and sides of head less dusky, the first more or less distinctly 

 streaked with blackish ; back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, and 

 tail plain olive; wing-coverts and secondaries similar but slightly more 

 grayish, especially the greater coverts; primaries dusky, edged with 

 grayish olive or olive-grayish, the sixth, fifth, and fourth with outer 

 webs white at the base, showing beyond the primary coverts as a small 

 spot; under parts, including malar region, white, changing to light 

 grayish olive on sides and flanks; chest more or less flecked with olive- 

 grayish; under tail -coverts pale fulvous, with central sagittate markings 

 of dusky olive or brownish; maxilla dark brown or brownish black, 

 mandible paler horn brownish; legs and feet (in dried skins) grayish 

 duskj' (bluish gray in life?). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 157 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 159.3-171.2 (163.3); wing, 81.8-86.1 

 (85.1); exposed culmen, 16.5-17.3 (16.3); depth of bill at base, 9.7-9.9 

 (9.9); tarsus, 22.6-24.9 (23.4); middle toe, 15-16.7 (16.6).' 



Advltfemale.—hQugth (skins), 152.1-154.9 (163.7); wing, 77.7-78.2 

 (78); tail, 60.5-62 (61.2); exposed culmen, 15.5-15.7; depth of bill at 

 base, 9.4-9.7; tarsus, 23.6-24.1 (23.9); middle toe, 14.7-16.2 (16).' 



Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 



Chlorospingusf apecaliferus Lawhknce, Ibis, 3d ser., v, July, 1875, 383, pi. 9, fig. 1 



(Porto Rico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 CIdorospingus speculiferus Gundlach, Jourii. fur Orn., 1878, 168; 1882, 161 (descr. 



nest and eggs); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 190. 

 [C'hlorospingus] speculiferus Con\, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Nesospingus speculiferus SchATER, Ibis, 1885, 273; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 



272.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 199 (synonymy and descr. ); Birds W. I., 1889, 



86 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 132. 

 [Nesospingus'] speculifenis CoRv, List Birds W. I., revised ed., 1886, 11. 



Genus CHLOROSPINGUS Cataanis. 



CMorospingus' Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i. Myiarchusy, 1851, 139. (Type, C. leucophrys 

 Cabanis, =vlrremon ophthalmicus Du Bus.) 



Small, plainly colored Tanagers, with small and not obviously hooked 

 nor toothed bill, the exposed culmen much less than two-thirds as long 

 as tarsus; colors plain olive or olive-green above (the pileum and hind- 

 neck sometimes gray, brown, or sooty), light-colored below, sometimes 

 with yellow on throat or chest; sometimes with white markings on sides 

 of head. 



Bill much shorter than head, subconical, deeper than broad at base, 

 where its width is decidedly less than length of gonys; exposed culmen 

 about half as long as tarsus or a little more, slightly convex; gonys a 

 little shorter than maxilla from nostril, less decidedly convex than cul- 

 men; maxillai-y tomium straight or faintly concave, slightly deflected 

 basally; mandibular tomium straight, slightly deflected basally. Nos- 

 tril exposed, small, longitudinallj' oval, with rather broad superior 

 membrane. Rictal bristles minute, hardly obvious. Wing rather 

 long (a little more than three to about three and one-third times as 

 long as the rather long tarsus), rounded (eighth to fifth primaries 

 longest, ninth shorter than fourth) ; primaries exceeding secondaries 

 by less than length of middle toe with claw. Tail shorter than wing 

 by less than half the length of the tarsus ( C. olivaceus and C. pileatus) 

 to nearly the length of the tarsus ( O. hypojphmm). Tarsus much longer 

 than middle toe with claw; outer claw reaching about to base of middle 

 claw, the inner slightly shorter; hind claw shorter than its digit — all 

 the claws well curved, sharp. 



'^ Five specimens. 

 '^ Two specimens. 

 ^"Von XXmpos, griinlich, und 67Ctyyui, nom. prop." 




158 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Coloration. — Plain olive or olive-brown above, lig'hter olive, 3^ellow- 

 ish, or dull grayish below, with or without yellow on throat; pileum 

 sometimes grayish or blackish, and sides of head sometimes with white 

 postocular spot or superciliary stripe. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Bolivia, Peru, and western Ecuador. 



I feel obliged to exclude from this genus the species ranged by Dr. 

 Sclater, in the Catalogue of Birds in the British Myiarchusseum (XI, p. 238), 

 under his Section B. {= Hemisping ns Cabanis), some of which, at least, 

 including the type of Heinkpmgus, almost certainly belong to the 

 MniotiltidsB. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OP CHLOROSPINGUS. 



(I. Pileum gray, brown, or sooty black, very different from olive-green of back; chest 

 and sides yellowish olive-green or olive-yellow. 

 h. Myiarchuslar region, chin, and throat white or buffy; chest yellowish olive, olive- 

 yellow or buffy yellow; whitish of abdomen more extended, 

 c. Postauricular region light gray or brown; pileum brown, grayish, or sooty; 

 white postocular mark a spot beginning at upper eyelid and extending back- 

 ward not farther than end of auricular region (usually not so far), 

 rf. Postauricular region (sides of neck) light gray; pileum gray. 

 e. Pileum and hindneck slate-gray, becoming dusky laterally; auricular 



region lighter gray. (Guatemala. ) Chloroapingns olivacens (p. 159) 



ec. Pileum and hindneck uniform dusky gray, the forehead and crown some- 

 times almost grayish black ; auricular region darker gray. (Guatemala; 

 State of Chiapas, southern Mexico.) . . Chlorospingus postocularis (p. 160) 

 dd. Postauricular region (sides of neck) brown; pileum brown. 

 e. Postocular white spot large, extending to end of auricular region ; malar 

 region white (sometimes tinged with buff posteriorly); chest pale 

 yellowish olive. 

 /. Pileum darker or duller brown; back clearer olive-green; chest and 

 sides brighter yellowish olive-green. (Southeastern Mexico, States 

 of Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca.) 



Chlorospingns ophthalmicas (p. 100) 

 ff. Pileum lighter or brighter brown; back more brownish olive-green; 

 chest paler and duller yellowish olive. (Mt. Azul, Vera Cruz.) 



Chlorospingas samichrasti (p. 162) 

 ee. Postocular white spot small, not reaching nearly to end of auricular 

 region; malar region buffy; chest bright yellowish olive, olive-yellow 

 or buffy yellow. 

 /. Pileum lighter brown (deep broccoli or drab); forehead and lores dis- 

 tinctly white anteriorly; throat wholly brownish buff; chest buffy yel- 

 low or ochre-yelldw. (Southwestern Jlexico, in State of Guerrero.) 



CUorospingiis albifrons (p. 162) 



ff. Pileum darker brown (sepia or grayish sepia); forehead and lores 



wholly brown; throat white or brownish white, flecked with dusky; 



chest bright oUve-yellow. (Costa Rica to Venezuela and Bolivia.) 



Chlorospingns albitempora (p. 163) 

 cc. Postauricular region black, like auricular region; pileum black or sooty black; 

 postocular white mark a broad streak beginning above the eye and con- 

 tinued backward as far as end of black of neck. (Costa Rica and Chiri- 

 qiii- ) ChloroBpingus pileatna (p. 165) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 159 



bb. Myiarchuslar region black, or mostly so; chin and throat yellow flecked with black; 

 whitish of abdomen more restricted. (Veragua.) 



Clilorospingua punctulatus (p. 166) 

 aa. Pileum olive-green like back; chest and sides light grayish brown. 

 b. Throat gray; chest crossed by a band of oUve-yellow. (Costa Rica.) 



CMorospingus olivaoeiceps (p. 166) 

 bb. Throat dull yellow; chest light grayish brown or drab. (Veragua. ) 



Chlorospingus hypophasus (p. 167) 



CHLOROSPINGUS OLIV/.CEUS (Bonaparte). 

 OXIVACEUS CHLOROSPINGUS. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum and hindneck slate-gray, becoming 

 blackish laterally, producing two rather broad but indistinct stripes; 

 lores rather lighter gray; orbital region dusky, passing into dull 

 grayish on auricular region; postauricular region (sides of neck) pale 

 gray; a postocular (supra-auricular) spot of white, involving posterior 

 half of upper eyelid; rest of upper parts plain, slightly brownish, 

 olive-green; malar region, chin, and throat grayish white, sometimes 

 slightly flecked with grayish; chest, sides, and flanks and under tail- 

 coverts pale yellowish olive or olive-yellowish; breast and abdomen 

 grayish white; bill black, the mandible sometimes more brownish; 

 legs and feet light horn color (in dried skins). 



Young. — Gray of head much tinged with olive-green, the white 

 postocular spot tinged with yellow; olive-green of back, etc., 

 browner; grayish white of throat and abdomen tinged with olive- 

 yellow; otherwise like adults.' 



Adadt TOffife.— Length (skin), 135.9; wing, 71.1-72.6 (71.9); tail, 

 58.9-59.4 (59.2); exposed culmen, 10. 2-10.4; depth of bill at base, 

 5.3-6.4 (5.8); tarsus, 21.3; middle toe, 11.9-12.2.' 



Adult female. — Length (skin), 134.6; wing, 66.3; tail, 60.2; exposed 

 culmen, 9.7; tarsus, 21.1; middle toe, 10.9. (One specimen, from 

 Tumbala, Chiapas.) 



Highlands of Guatemala (Coban, San Geronimo, Kamkhal, etc.), and 

 Chiapas (Tumbala). 



Poospiza oUvacea Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, July 15, 1850, 473 ("Brazil;" coll. 

 Paris Myiarchuss.) . 



Chlorospingvji olivaceus Sclatek, Tanagr. Cat. Specif., 1854, 6; Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1856, 90 ("Central America"); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 28.— Sal- 

 viN and GoD.MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 315 (Coban, Kamkhal, 

 and San Ger6nimo, Guatemala). — Sclateb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 240.— Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157 (Tumbala, Chiapas). 



Chlorospingiis ophthalmicus (not Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus) Salvin and 

 Sclateb, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala). — Sclater, Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 88, part (Coban). 



' The specimen described is beginning to assume the adult plumage and therefore 

 imperfectly represents the nestling plumage. 



^Two specimens, from Tumbala, Chiapas; none of the Guatemalan specimens are 

 sexed. 




160 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Chhruxji'mgiis] ophthalmicus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 24, 



part (Guatemala). 

 Chlorospingus opthalmicus Boucard, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878,38. 



CHLOROSPINGUS POSTOCULARIS Cabanis. 

 DUSKY-HEADED CHLOROSPINGUS. 



Similar to C. olivaceus, but pileum much darker gray, the forehead 

 and crown approaching sooty black. 



Adults (sexes alike). — Pileum dusky gray or dull slate-blackish, 

 fading into dusky slate on hindneck, this into slate-gray on sides of 

 neck; suborbital region and auricular region similar in color to pileum, 

 the lores i-ather grayer; a short white postocular streak, involving 

 posterior half of upper eyelid and extending to about middle of 

 auricular region; malar region, chin, and throat grayish white, sparsely 

 and indistinctly flecked with dusky; chest, sides, flanks, and under tail- 

 coverts light j'ellowish olive or olive-yellow; bill black; legs and feet 

 horn color in dried skins. 



Adult male.— Ijength. (skins), 130.8-141 (135.9); wing, 68.8-73.7 

 (71.1); tail, 66-9-63.5 (60.2); exposed culmen, 9.9-11.2 (10.4); depth 

 of bill at base, 5.8; tarsus, 19.6-21.6 (20.6); middle toe, 12.7-13.' 



Adult female. — Length (skins), 142.2; wing, 67.8; tail, 60.2; exposed 

 culmen, 10.7; depth of bill at base, 6.4; tarsus, 22.6; middle toe, 13. 

 (One specimen, from Pinabete, Chiapas.) 



Highlands of Guatemala (Duenas, Volcan de Agua, Volcan de Fuego, 

 etc.) and Chiapas (Pinabete, Chicharras, etc.). 



Cldorospingus postocularis Cabanis, Journ. fur Orn., xiv, Myiarchusy, 1866, 163 ^Guate- 

 mala; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Avea, i, 

 1883, 314 (Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala, 3,000-8,000 ft.).— Sclater, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 240 (Duenas, Volcan de Fuego, and Volcan de 

 Agua, Guatemala). — Nelson, xVuk, xv, 1898, 157 (Pinabete, Chiapas; crit.). 



Chloronpingus atriceps Nelson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 65 (Pinabete, Chiapas, f. e. 

 Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



CHLOROSPINGUS OPHTHALMICUS (Du Bus). 

 BROWN-HEADED CHLOROSPINGUS. 



Similar to 6'. postocidaris, but pileum, hindneck, and sides of neck 

 grayish brown instead of gray, anterior portion of forehead and lores 

 distinctly whitish, and white postocular spot rather larger. 



Adults (se.res alike). — Pileum, hindneck, and sides of head and neck 

 (except malar region) plain grayish brown (deep hair brown), darker 

 on suborbital region and posterior part of loral region, paler on sides 

 of neck; anterior portion of lores grayish white, this sometimes 

 extending across anterior portion of forehead; a large white postocular 

 spot, involving nearly whole of upper ej'elid and posterior portion of 

 lower eyelid, and extending backward nearly to end of auricular 



' Two specimens, from Pinabete, Chiapas. I have not seen a Guatemalan specimen. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AKD MIDDLE AMERICA. 161 



region; rest of upper parts clear olive-green; malar region, chin, 

 throat, and upper chest dull white, the first usually more or less 

 tinged with pale brownish buily, the last sometimes shaded with pale 

 grayish brown, the middle throat usually minutely though sparsely 

 and faintly flecked with dusky, most distinct laterally, beneath lower 

 margin of inalar region; lower chest, sides, flanks, and under tail- 

 coverts light yellowish olive-green; breast and abdomen grayish white 

 or very pale gray; bill brownish black, the mandible sometimes more 

 brownish basally; legs and feet horn color (in dried skin). 



Young. — Similar to the young of C. olwaceu-i^ but clearer (less 

 brownish) olive-green above, with pileum lighter and more olivaceous; 

 anterior portion of lores grayish white, tinged with olive-yellowish. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 129.5-135.9 (131.8); wing, 66.5-73.4 

 (70.9); tail, 56.6-61 (58.9); exposed culmen, 10.1-11.7 (10.9); depth 

 of bill at base, 5.6-6.8 (5.6); tarsus, 20.3-21.3 (20.8); middle toe, 

 12.4-13.3 (12.7).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 121.9-135.9 (128); wing, 65.5-68.1 

 (66.3); tail, 55.1-58.4 (56.1); exposed culmen, 10.7-10.9 (10.7); depth 

 of bill at base, 5.3-5.8 (5.6); tarsus, 19.6-21.6 (20.6); middle toe, 11.9- 

 12.7 (12.4).^ 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Puebla (Huachinango), Vera 

 Cruz (Jalapa; Myiarchusrador; Orizaba; Jico), and Oaxaca (Mount Zempoal- 

 tepec). 



Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Roy. Brux., xiv, pt. 2, 1847, 106 (Mex- 

 ico; coll. Brussels Myiarchuss.). — Lafkesnaye, Kev. Zool., 1848, 247 (Mexico; 

 quotes Du Bus's descr. ). 



A[rremon] ophthalmicus Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., p. 16. 



IPipUopsis] ophthalmicus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 485, part. 



Chlorospingus ophthalmicus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 89, part 

 (monogr.), 302 (Jalapa and Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa), 377 

 (Totontepec, Oaxaca); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 27; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 88, part (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 238 (Orizaba; Jalapa; Valley of Mexico).— Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1866, 

 162 (Mexico).— Sotiiciirast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549, part (hot 

 and.temperate regions of Vera Cruz, 2,000-3,700 ft.).— Salvis, Cat. Strick- 

 land Coll., 1882, 196 (San Pedro, "Mexico").— Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 314.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 

 27 (Jalapa). 



[Chlorospingus] ophthalmicus Sclater and Salvis, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 24, 

 part (Mexico). 



Chllorospingus} leucophrys Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i. Myiarchusy, 1851, 139 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.; ex Tanagra leucophrys Lichtenstein, manuscript). 



[Pipaopml albitempffralis (not Tachyphonus albitempora Lafresnaye) Bonaparte, 

 Consp. Av., i, 1850, 485, part. 



Chlorospingus albitemporalis SohATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 89, part (Mexico). 



Chlorospingus olivaceus (not Poospiza olivacea Bonaparte) Ferrari-Perez, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 140 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



' The young of C. albitempora not seen by me. ^ Five specimens. 



3654— VOL 2—01 11 




162 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CHLOROSPINGUS SUMICHRASTI Ridgway. 

 STTMICHRAST'S CHLOROSPINGUS. 



Similar to C. ophtfuilmicus, but much browner above (the pileum 

 even slightly browner than in C. albitemporalis); throat distinctly 

 flecked with dusky; yellowish olive-green of chest, etc., paler and 

 duller; upper chest pale bufl'y grayish brown. 



Adult male. — Pileum and hindneok plain sepia brown, the sides of 

 neck paler, more hair brown; posterior portion of lores and sub- 

 orbital region verj' dark sooty brown, passing into deep sepia brown 

 on auricular region; a large, white, elongated postocular spot, involv- 

 ing whole of upper and posterior half of lower ej'elid; anterior por- 

 tion of lores dull white, continued narrowly and brokenly across 

 anterior portion of forehead; rest of upper parts plain gi-eenish olive 

 (much browner than in C. (qiJitliulmicus); malar region, chin, and 

 throat dull white, the first and last tinged with pale brownish buffy 

 posteriorly, the buffy tint of lower throat passing into a pale buffy 

 grayish brown tint on upper chest; middle and lower throat distinctly 

 flecked with dvisky, the flecks largest and most numerous laterally, 

 below lower margin of malar region; chest, sides, flanks, and under 

 tail-coverts light yellowish olive, the first paler and tinged with pale 

 buffy brownish; breast and abdomen very pale graj', almost white on 

 center of abdomen; bill blackish; legs and feet horn color (in dried 

 skins); length (skins), 133.4; wing, 66.5; tail, 56.4; depth of bill at 

 base, 5.3;' tarsus, 20.8; middle toe, 11.7.^ 



State of Vera Cruz, southeastern Mexico (Mount Azul, near 

 Orizaba). 



ChlorospingiLS ophtliahnictis {not AiTemon ophthalmicus Dn 'Bus) Sumicheast, Mem. 



Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549, part (temperate reg. Vera Cruz, part). 

 Chlorospingux mmichrasti Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 150 



(Mount Azul, near Orizaba, Vera Cruz; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



CHLOROSPINGUS ALBIFRONS Salvin and Godman. 

 WHITE-FRONTED CHLOROSPINGUS, 



Most like 0. iiumichrasti, but postocular white spot smaller and 

 pointed, instead of broad and rounded, posterioi-ly ; malar region, 

 chin, and throat buff' instead of white; chest buffy yellow; pileum, 

 hindneck, and sides of neck much lighter brown, and back, etc., much 

 clearer (less brownish) olive-green. 



Adult female. — Pileum, hindneck, and sides of neck plain broccoli 

 brown, deeper on forehead and crown, paler on neck; anterior portion 



^Tip of maxilla broken oft. 



^One specimen, the type; Xo. 37511, U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Mount Azul, near Orizaba, 

 Vera Cruz, October, 1864; Prof. F. Sumichrast. 




BIKD8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 163 



of lores (meeting narrowly across anterior part of forehead), upper 

 eyelid and angular postocular spot (the two connected) white, the last 

 with posterior extremity pointed; posterior portion of lores and sub- 

 orbital region dark brown or blackish brown, passing gradually into 

 broccoli brown on posterior portion of auricular region ; rest of upper 

 parts clear bright olive-green; malar region, chin, and throat buff, the 

 posterior portion of the first streaked with blackish brown; chest dull 

 yellow, strongly tinged with buff laterally and anteriorly; sides and 

 flanks yellowish olive-green, the under tail-coverts similar but paler 

 and more yellowish; breast (medially) and abdomen pale gray; bill 

 black, the mandible pale brownish (in dried skin) at gonydeal angle; 

 legs and feet dusky horn-color (in dried skin); length (skin), 146.1; 

 wing, 68.3; tail, 60.7; exposed culnien, 9.9; depth of bill at base, 6.1; 

 tarsus, 20.8; middle toe, 12A.' 



Southwestern Mexico, in State of Guerrero (Omilteme, Sierra Myiarchusdre 

 del Sur, altitude 8,000 feet; mountains near Chilpancingo). 



Chlorospingus albifrons S.u.vix and Godman, Ibis, 6th ser., i, Apr., 1889, 237 

 (Omilteme, "in Sierra Myiarchusdre del Sur, Mexico," alt. 8,000 ft.; coll. Salvin 

 and Godman). 



CHLOROSPINGUS ALBITEMPORA ( Lafresnaye ) . 

 CARMIOL'S CHLOROSPINGUS. 



Adults (sexes alike). — Pileum, hindneck, and sides of head and neck 

 (except malar region) plain sepia brown, varying to grayish brown or 

 dark sooty brown, paler on the neck, sometimes I'onsiderably darker 

 immediately beneath eyes; a postocular spot of white, involving about 

 the posterior half of upper eyelid, and terminating posteriorly about 

 halfway between posterior angle of eye and extremity of auricular 

 region or nearer to the former than to the latter; rest of upper parts 

 plain olive-green; malar region pale brown or brownish buff3% flecked 

 with sepia brown; chin and throat dull buflj' white or brownish white, 

 the middle throat more or less flecked with sepia; chest, sides, flanks, 

 and under tail-coverts bright olive-yellow (sometimes tinged with 

 orange- buffy on upper chest), the sides and flanks rather more yellow- 

 ish olive-green; breast and abdomen white; under wing-coverts and 

 axillars white tinged with light yellow; bill brownish black, the mandi- 

 ble usually somewhat more brownish; iris brown,'* legs and feet horn 

 color (in dried skins). 



Adult male.—'Length (skins), 132.1-139.7 (136.4); wing, 67.3-71.1 

 (69.3); tail, 56;4^60.5 (58.4); exposed culmen, 10.4-12.2 (11.2); depth 



'No. 143615, U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. (No. 2454, U. S. Biol. Surv.), Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 

 December 24, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. The adult male no doubt quite similar in 

 plumage, but probably slightly larger. 



^Carmiol, manuscript. 




164 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of bill at base, 6.4-6.6; tarsus, 21.6-22.4 (22.1); middle toe, 12.7-13.7 

 (13.2).' 



Adult female.— hength (skins), 132.1-134.6(133.4); wing, 64.3-648 

 (64.5); tail, 62.1-57.2 (546); exposed culmen, 10.9-12.2 (11.4); depth 

 of bill at base, 6,1-6.4; tarsus, 22.4-22.6; middle toe, 12.4-12.7.' 



Costa Rica (Navarro; Dota; Barranca; San Jose; Turrialba; San 

 Myiarchusteo; Volcan de Cartago; Volcan de Irazu; Rio Sucio') and Chiriqui 

 (Boquete; Volcan de Chiriqui) ; said also to inhabit Colombia, Venezuela, 

 Ecuador, and Bolivia.* 



Tachyphonus alhitempora Lafkesnayk, Rev. Zool., Jan., ]848, 12 (Colombia; 

 coll. Lafresnaye).^ 



T\_achyplmnus\ alhitempora Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., p. 17. — Bo.vaparte, 

 Consp. Av., i, 1850, 237. 



Chlorospingus alhitempora Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 196 (Brazil ?). — 

 Allen, Bull. Am. .Myiarchuss. N. H., ii, :\Iar., 1889, 82 (Bolivia). 



ChlorospinguH nlhitemporalis Scl.\tek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 155 (Bogota, 

 Colombia); 1856, 89, part (monogr.; Bogota; Bolivia); 1858, 293 (e. Peru 

 or Bolivia; crit.); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 28; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 89, 

 part (Chillanes, Ecuador; Bolivia); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 239, 

 part (Volcan de Cartago and Irazii distr., Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui; 

 Tilotilo, prov. Yungas, Sorato, and Nairapi, Bolivia). — Cassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (San Jos^, Costa Rica). — Lawkence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 101 (San Jos6, Turrialba, Barranca, Dota, and 

 San Myiarchusteo, Costa Rica).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Volcan 

 de Chiriqui). — Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 327 (Colombia). — Sclater and Salyi.v, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 627, 630 (Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; 

 crit.); 1879, 602 (Bolivia).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (La 



' Four specimens; three from Costa Rica, one from Chiriqui. 



' Two specimens, from Costa Rica. 



^ Two specimens in the National Myiarchusseum collection from Rio Sucio are different 

 from any specimens from other Costa Rican localities with which I have been able 

 to compare them (eleven in number) in their richer coloration, the upper parts being 

 a deeper and more brownish olive-green, and the yellowish olive-green or olive- 

 yellow color of the chest, sides, and flanks more saturated; neither are sexed; both 

 have the tarsus longer than other specimens (22.9-23.4), while one of them (probably 

 a male) has the wing 73.2, which also slightly exceeds the same measurement of any 

 other specimen in the series examined. 



A series of twenty-three adults from Chiriqui (Boquete and Volcan do Chiriqui), 

 kindly submitted to me for examination by Myiarchus. Outram Bangs, shows that specimens 

 from that district are more brightly colored than those from Costa Rica, the yellow 

 of the chest, especially, being much clearer and, in many specimens, of a slightly 

 orange hue next to the dull whitish or buffy ccjlor of the throat. The series exhibits 

 great .variation in the color of the pileum, some examples having the head colored 

 exactly as in C. punctulalus, except that the sooty blackish color does not extend over 

 the malar region, and the throat is not yellow. Possible intergradation (op hybrid- 

 ism ?) between C. alhitempora and C. punctulatus is indicated by this series. 



*I have not seen a specimen from any South .American locality, and strongly doubt 

 the subspeciflc identity of the Costa Rican and South American birds. Doubtless 

 when a sufficient series has been examined several subspeciflc forms may be sus- 

 ceptible of definition. 



* Type now in collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 165 



Laguiia, Naranjo, and Navarro, Costa Rica).— Salvix anrl Godm.w, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, :^1.5,— Berlei'kcii, Journ, fiir. Orn., ]884, 293 

 (Bucaramauga, Colombia; crit.)— Taczanowski, Orji. ilu Perou, ii, 1885, 

 513.— Zeledon, Anal. :\Ius. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 110 (La Palma de San 

 ,Tos6and Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Eica).— Salvadori, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., 

 etc., Torino, xii, 1897, G (San Lorenzo, Argentina). 



IChlorosping^m'] alhitemporaJix Sci.atrr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 24, 

 part. 



dhllorospingus} ophlJialiiiinix (not Arremo7i ophlhahiiims Tin Bus) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. 

 Hein., i, 1851, 139, footnote (Colombia). 



[Pipilopm'] ophthilriilciix Boxapakte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 485, part (Colombia). 



CHLOROSPINGUS PILEATUS Salvin. 

 SOOTY-CAPPED CHLOKOSPINGTJS. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pilcum, hindneck, .side.s of neck, auricular 

 region, suborbital region, and lores dark sooty slate-color or very dark 

 sooty brown; a conspicuous broad white stripe beginnino- above eye 

 (but separated from it by a narrow space of dusky) and extending 

 backward to sides of hindneck; rest of upper parts plain olive- 

 green; malar region, chin, and throat white, or grayish white, the 

 lower margin of the former marked with a dusky streak, the adjacent 

 portion of the throat faintly flecked with dusky; rest of under parts 

 light yellowish olive-green or oli\'e-yellowish, the median portion of 

 breast and abdomen grayish white; bill black; legs and feet horn 

 color (in dried skin). 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 133-143 (138); wing, 67-72 (69.6); 

 tail, 58-63.6 (61.1); exposed culmen, 11.5-12 (11.9); depth of bill at 

 base, 6-6.5 (6.2); tarsus, 22-23.5 (22.7); middle toe, 13-13.5 (13.3).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 130-130 (135); M'ing, 62.5-72.5 

 (67.4); tail, 56-64 (59.7); exposed culmen, 11.5-12 (11.8); depth of 

 bill at base, 6.5; tarsus, 22-23.6 (22.5); middle toe, 12-13 (12.7).' 



Young. — Head as in adults, but the dusky color duller and the 

 white stripe on sides of occiput and nape less purely white and less 

 sharpl}^ defined; back, etc. , much duller and grayer olive-green; under 

 parts mostly pale graj'ish, the sides and flanks slightly tinged with 

 light olive-green, the chest very faintly tinged with pale buffj' olive 

 and obsoletely streaked laterally Avith grayish; throat, etc. , as in adults, 

 but more grayish; mandible wholly light colored (buffy whitish in 

 dried skins), and maxilla with pale edge, except towalrd end. 



Highlands of Costa Rica (Volcan de Cartago; Volcan de Irazu; 

 Volcan de Poas; Rancho Redondo; Pirris), and Chiriqui (Volcan de 

 Chiriqui; Boquete). 



CMorospingm pilealus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 581 (Volcan de Car- 

 tago, Costa Rica; coll. Salvin and Godman).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 ix, 1868, 101 (Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. 



'Seven specimens (five from Chiriqui, two from Costa Eica). 

 ^ Five specimens from Chiriqui. 




166 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Centr.-Am., iVves, i, 1883, 316, pi. 22, fig. 2 (Irazu, Poiis, and Bancho Re- 

 dondo, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., vi, 1884, 412 (Pirris, Costa Rica; descr. young, etc.). — Sclater, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 241.— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 i, 1887, 110 (Costa Rica).— Chekrib, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 531 

 (Volcan de Irazu and Volcan de Pods, Costa Rica; descr. young). 

 [C7i/o««/)/»9»,s] jj)7m,iMyiarchus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 24. 



CHLOROSPINGUS PUNCTULATUS Sclater and Salvin. 

 YELLOW-BREASTED CHLOROSPINGUS. 



Adults {sexes aHh'). — Head, except throat, very dark sooty brown, 

 inclining to brownish black on pileum, the hindneck and sides of neck 

 similar but paler and tinged with brownish olive; an elongated white 

 postocular spot, involving posterior half or less of upper eyelid; rest of 

 upper parts yellowish olive-green; chin and throat yellow (the former 

 much paler and duller), thickly flecked with blackish brown or dusky; 

 abdomen white or dull yellowish white; rest of under parts grading 

 from bright wax j^ellow or dull saffron yellow on upper chest to 

 lighter and clearer yellow on lower chest, and into yellowish olive- 

 green or deep olive-yellow on sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts; 

 maxilla black, mandible more brownish; legs and feet horn color (in 

 dried skins). 



Admit {malef). — Wing, 64; tail, 54.1; exposed culmen, 12.7; depth 

 of bill at base, 6.9; tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 13.5.' 



Adult female. — Wing, 63.5; tail, 53.3; exposed culmen, 12.2; tarsus, 

 22.4; middle toe, 12.7.' 



Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu) and Panama (Cascajal). 



C'/iiorospTOgruspMKctoZa^ff.s Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 440 

 (Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Cordillera del Chucu). — Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 316, pi. 22, fig. 1.— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 241. 



[C/itoro.spmi7'.(s] punctulatus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr. ,_ 1873, 24. 



CHLOROSPINGUS OLIVACEICEPS Underwood. 

 OLDTE-CROWNED CHLOROSFIKGnS. 



Similar to C canigtdaris Lafresnaye,' but distinguished by having 

 the pileum olivaceous, concolor with the back. To.al length 127, 

 culmen 11.4, wing 66, tail 52.1, tarsus 19.1. (Translation of original 

 description.) 

 Eastern Costa Rica (Carrillo, near Volcan de Irazu). 

 Chlorospingiis olivaceiceps Underwood, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. Iv., June 30, 

 1898, p. lix (Carrillo, Costa Rica; type — . ?) . 



' One specimen, from Cascajal, province Oocl6, Panama; not sexed, but probably a 

 male. 



' One specimen, from Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua. 



^ Tachyphonus canigularis La,heaaa.ye, Rev. Zool., xi, 1848,11. — Chlorospingiis cani- 

 gularis Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 130; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886,242. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 167 



CHLOROSPINGUS HYPOPH^US Sclater and Salvin 

 DRAB-BREASTED OHLOKOSPINGTTS. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Above, including pileum, hindneck, sides of 

 neck, and auricular region, plain olive-green; lores, suborbital region, 

 and malar region pale gra^^; chin very pale grayish buii'y; throat, dull 

 yellow (light ocher yellow or wax yellow); chest, sides, and flanks 

 pale grayish brown, the first tinged with butfy; under tail -coverts light 

 olive, margined with palei- and slightly tinged with pale j^ellowish; 

 rest of under parts pale gray, becoming white on lower abdomen and 

 anal region; maxilla dusky, mandible pale horn color (in dried skins) 

 with tip more dusky; legs and feet light horn color (in dried skins). 



Adult mak— Length (skins), 130-133 (131); wing, 71.4-80 (77.1); 

 tail, 50-55.1 (53.1); exposed culmen, 1^-13 (12.6) depth of bill at base, 

 7-7.1; tarsus, 21-22.9 (21.6); middle toe, 13-15 (14).' 



AdAilt female.— Length (skins), 136-141 (138); wing, 78.5-81.5(80); 

 tail, 55-59 (57); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 

 7-7.1; tarsus, 21-22.9 (21.6); middle toe, 13-15 (14).' 



Veragua (Calovevora; Chitra; Boquete de Chitra). 



Chlorospingus hypophxiis Solatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lond., 1868, 389 

 (Calovevora, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1870, 188 (Calovevora, Chitra, and Boquete de Chitra, Veragua). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 317, pi. 22, fig. 3. — 

 Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 243. 



\_Chlorosping'ii,s'] hypophieus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 24. 



Genus MITROSPINGUS Ridgway. 



Myiarchustrospingus Ridgway, Auk, xv, no. 3, July, 1898, 225. (Type, Tachyphonus 

 cassini Lawrence. ) 



Nearest to Eticometis, but bill much longer (nearly as long as head), 

 nostril very different, wing more rounded, tarsi relatively longer, 

 claws stronger, occipital feathers very short (instead of the reverse), 

 and style of coloration very different. 



Exposed culmen three-fourths as long as tarsus, or more, gently 

 convex except terminally, where strongly decurved; gonys decidedly 

 shorter than length of maxilla from nostril, nearly straight; maxillary 

 tomium slightly concave, decidedly but gradually deflected basally; 

 slightly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium nearly straight to 

 near base where gently deflected; depth of bill at base decidedly less 

 than half the length of exposed culmen, not much greater than basal 

 width. Nostril exposed, narrow, longitudinal, with very broad supe- 

 rior membrane. Rictal bristles not obvious. Wing moderate (about 



' Four specimens, two from Chiriqui, two from Veragua; one of the latter not 

 sexed, but, being the larger of the two, doubtless a male. 

 ^Two specimens, from Volcan de Chiriqui (Caribbean slope). 




168 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



three and one-third times as long as tarsus), much rounded (seventh to 

 fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than second aries); primaries 

 exceeding secondaries by a little more than half the length of exposed 

 culmen. Tail nearly as long as wing, rounded, the rectrices moder- 

 ately broad, with rather pointed tips. Tarsus a little longer than 

 middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle 

 claw; hind claw shorter than its digit. Occipital feathers very short. 



CiiJorntion. — Above plain dark grayish brown, beneath, together 

 with a shield-shaped patch covering crown and occiput, yellowish olive; 

 rest of head black, paling into grayish on throat. 



Range. — Costa Rica to western Ecuador. (Monotypic.) 



MITROSPINGUS CASSINI (Lawrence). 

 CASSIN'S TANAGER. 



Adniltx {sexes alil-e). — Occiput and median part of crown yellowish 

 olive-green, forming a triangular patch (with apex on anterior portion 

 of crown); forehead, lores, superciliary region, auricular region, part 

 of malar region, and chin grayish black; throat gray, sometimes tinged 

 with brownish; hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts 

 and lesser wing-coverts deep grayish olive, the hindneck more grayish, 

 the back and upper tail-coverts slightly tinged with olive-green; wings 

 and tail similar but slightly more brownish; under parts of body 

 bright yellowish olive-green, brightest or most yellowish on chest, 

 duller and more olive on sides and flanks; under tail-coverts russet- 

 olive, more or less tinged with tawny; under wing-coverts and axillars 

 light brownish gra}'; maxilla brownish black or blackish brown with 

 paler tomium; mandible wholly light colored; iris brown; ^ legs and 

 feet horn color (in dried skins). 



Young. — Myiarchusch duller in color than the adult, with none of the yel- 

 lowish olive-green on top of the head, which is the same color as the 

 back, with a very faint tinge of olive on the occiput; breast and sides 

 merely tinged with olive-green, the middle line of the breast and belly 

 being dull brownish buflf, the under tail-coverts browner; forehead 

 and lores less black than in the adult. Otherwise the general colora- 

 tion is similar to that of the adult. 



Adult male.—Lewgth (skins), 167.6-172.T (170.9); wing, 8-2-85.1 

 (83.8); tail, 71.6-71.4 (73.4); exposed culmen, 17-18.5 (17.8); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.1-S.6 (8.4); tarsus, 24.4-25.1 (24.9); middle toe, 16.6- 

 17.3 (16.8).^ 



Adult female.— L&ngt]\ (skins), 162.6-172.7 (169.2); wing, 85.6-88.9 

 (86.9); tail, 75.2-78.2 (76.5); exposed culmen, 18-18.3; depth of bill 



'Heyde, manuscript. 



^Three specimens, all from lathmns of Panama. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 169 



at base, 7.9-8.4 (8.1); tarsus, 23.6-27.2 (25.1); middle toe, 16-17.5 

 (16.5).' 



Costa Eica (Angostura; Jimenez) and southward through western 

 Colombia to western Ecuador (Guayaquil). 



Tachyphonus, sp., Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1860, ]42 'Rio Truando, n. 

 Colombia) . 



Tachyphonus cassinii Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence); ix, 1868, 101 (Angostura, Costa 

 Rica).— Frantzihs, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica). 



Eucovieiis casmdi Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 351, pi. 30 

 (Lion Hill).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 139 (Santiago, Veragua). 



Eiicometis cassini Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 503 (Neche, 

 prov. Antioquia, Colombia).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 307.— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 219.— Zeledon, 

 Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Costa Rica).— Ridgway, Proc. U. 

 S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 473 (Jimenez, Costa Rica; descr. young). 



[Eucometis} cassini Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23. 



Myiarchustrospingus cassini Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 29 (Loma del 

 Leon, Panama R. R. ). 



Family ICTERID^. 



THE TR0UPIALS.2 



Nine-primaried, conirostral, acutiplantar Oscines without obvious 

 rictal bristles.' 



Bill very variable as to relative length and thickness, but never con- 

 spicuously longer than the head and always more or less conical and 

 acute; usually with nearly straight outlines, but sometimes with the 

 tip rather strongly, but never (except in some Quisccdi) abruptly, 

 decurved; its depth at base never equal to distance from nostril to tip 

 of maxilla, and thegonys always more or less shorter than the same 

 measurement; eulmen usually more or less elevated basallj', some- 

 times expanded or swollen into a conspicuous ' ' frontal shield " or 



'Three specimens, all from Isthmus of Panama. An adult female from Guayaquil 

 is smaller than any of the Panama specimens, measuring as follows: Wing, 83.6; 

 tail, 71.9; exposed eulmen, 17.3; depth of bill at base, 8.1; tarsus, 26.2; middle toe, 

 16.8. I can detect no differences in coloration. 



''A satisfactory vernacular name for this family has hitherto been wanting. The group 

 has been known by the name of Hang-nests, but only species of certain genera build 

 pensile nests; as the American Orioles or American Starlings, on account of super- 

 ficial resemblance of only a very small percentage of its members to the Old World 

 Orioles (OriolidEe) and Starlings (Sturnida^). Other names which have been used, 

 either for the group as a whole or for particular genera, as Grackle, Crow Blackbird, 

 etc., are equally nondistinctive or of limited pertinence. The name Troupial, which 

 ia here adopted, has more general applicability than any other term, with possibly 

 the exception of Cacique, but it seems best to restrict the latter to the group to which 

 it specially belongs. 



'These are faintly developed, however, in the oropendolas and caciques (genera 

 Ocyalus, Clypicterus, Zarhynchus, Gymnostinops, Cacicus, etc.). 




170 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



" casque," or if not so developed the mesorhinium often distinctly flat- 

 tened, with its edges sharply defined. Commissure strongly and usually 

 abruptly deflexed for the basal portion, the maxillary tomium never 

 notched near tip. Nostrils never concealed, though sometimes (as in 

 the genus Myiarchuslothrus) the feathering of the loral antise extends beneath 

 them and covers the membrane immediately behind them; sometimes 

 (in the oropendolas and caciques) bored directly into the horny rhino- 

 theca, but usually situated in a more or less well-defined nasal fossa 

 and overhung by a more or less distinct (sometimes prominent and 

 corneous) membrane or operculum. Rictal bristles altogether obso- 

 lete or (in oropendolas and caciques) very faintly developed. Wing very 

 variable; usually with the tip moderatelj^ produced and subtruncate, 

 in one genus {Casi^idiir/) long (several times exceeding length of cul- 

 men) and the outermost (ninth) primary longest — in another {Amhly- 

 cercus) the longest primaries scarcely extending bej'ond the secondaries 

 and the outermost (ninth) primary shorter than the innermost (first); 

 tertials produced beyond secondaries only in some terrestrial genera 

 {Sttuviella, Trujnalis, Leistes, and Dolichonyx); outer webs of two to 

 five (eighth to seventh or fourth) primaries sinuated; inner webs very 

 variable, often not obviously sinuated, usually slightly so, soinetimes (in 

 IIohMjulscalu.'i and CnUothrus) the middle portion expanded (toothed in 

 Callothrus) ; longer primaries sometimes (as in Zarhynchus) attenuated 

 terminally. Tail variable as to relative length, form of tip, and shape 

 of rectrices; always more than half as long as wing, never conspicu- 

 ously longer than wing, never forked nor emarginate, usually more or 

 less rounded, sometimes double-rounded, occasionally (in Qwiscali) 

 graduated and plicate;^ usually the rectrices (always twelve in num- 

 ber) are of nearly equal width throughout, but sometimes (in Quiscali 

 and Agelaii) are wider terminally or (in some of the Cacici, and in 

 Sturnella) narrower terminally; in one genus {DolicJionysB) they are 

 abrubtly acuminate and rigid at tips, another genus {Leistes) show- 

 ing a slight approach to this charactei-. Acrotarsium alwaj^s dis- 

 tinctly scutellate, the divisions six to eight in number (the uppermost 

 usualh^ short and frequently hidden by overlapping feathers of the 

 tibia); length of middle toe and claw usually about equal to or slightly 

 shorter than the tarsus, never much longer nor conspicuously shorter; 

 claws of lateral toes usually reaching about to base of middle claw, 

 sometimes slightly beyond, in one genus {Xantliocephalus) considera- 

 bly beyond, sometimes (in Sturnella, Trupialis, Leistes, Xanthopsar 

 and most of the Quimill) falling decidedly short; hallux not longer 

 than lateral toes (except in Sturnella), usually a little shorter, frequently 



' This form of the tail in the Quiscali ia, so far as known, unique among birds; the 

 two halves of the tail are, at the bird's control, capable of being folded together so 

 that the edges are raised above the median line and brought more or less closely 

 together, a transverse section being V-shaped. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 171 



decidedly so; equal to or slightly exceeding in length the combined 

 length of basal and middle phalanges of middle toe. 



The absence of obvious rictal bristles is the only external character 

 that I am able to discover which will serve to distinguish the Icteridse, 

 as a group, from the Fringillidfe. It is true that none of the Icterida^ 

 have the bill notched (i. c., the maxillary tomium notched subtermi- 

 nally), but neither do many genera of Fringillidse. With the latter 

 group the Icteridse agree in the following characters : 



(1) The strongly deflexed or angulated rictal portion of the com- 

 missure (not always found in Fringillidae, howe\er). 



(2) The abortion of the first primary. 



(3) The complete, or nearlj^ complete, separation of the basal pha- 

 lanx of the middle toe from that of the inner toe (being united to the 

 outer toe l)y about half the length of the basal phalanx, as in Corvidse 

 and other groups). 



(■±) In having the planta tarsi closelj' joined along their anterior 

 edge to the acrotarsium, and with only the extreme lower portion 

 divided. 



In both groups the inner plate of the planta tarsi is depressed con- 

 spicuously below the level of the acrotarsiuni, the posterior margin of 

 which stands out as a prominent I'idge (more conspicuously so than in 

 most CorvidaB), and those of opposite sides are in close contact along 

 their posterior margin, forming a sharp posterior edge to the tarsus. 

 In both groups the proportionate length of the toes themseh-es and the 

 relative development and curvature of the claws varies considerably 

 and to about the same extent. 



From the Sturnidfe and the Ploceidse, which are undoubtedlj', next 

 to the Fringillidte, the most nearlj^ allied groups, the Icteridte may^ be 

 distinguished by the complete abortion of the first primary, both of 

 those groups being "ten-primaried." 



From the Corvidw, the Icteridse may be distinguished by more 

 numerous characters, among which may be mentioned (1) the posses- 

 sion of only nine obvious primaries; (2) the absence of obvious rictal 

 bristles, and (3) the undivided lower portion of the planta tarsi. 



Although so nearl}^ allied to the Fringillidai that only a single exter- 

 nal character seems available for its diagnosis, the Icteridse neverthe- 

 less constitute a well-circumscribed group, there being not a single 

 genus whose proper reference to it can be seriously questioned. At the 

 same time it is a group presenting most extreme types of teleological 

 development or adaptive modification, the strictlj- arboreal oi'opendolas 

 and caciques (genera Oymnostino2)s, Zarhynchus, Clypicterus, Cacicus^ 

 etc.) representing one extreme and the terrestrial meadowlarks 

 (Sturnella, Trupialis, and Leistes) the other, peculiar specializations 

 being manifested in the boat-tailed Qu/scali and spiny-tailed DoU- 

 clwnyx. With its limited representation in North America it would 



san^i;; 




172 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



not be difficult to divide the group into several sharply circumscribed 

 and easily characterized lesser groups; this has been attempted for 

 the family as a whole, and the "subfamilies" Cassicinse, Agelseinae, 

 Sturnellin^, Icterinse, and Quiscalinse have long been adopted, even by 

 the latest authority.^ A careful comparison of all the forms, however, 

 will soon convince one that such a subdivision can not be maintained, 

 the different supposed groups running into one another so gradually 

 that any subdivision of the family is most likely to be more or less 

 arbitrary. So far as 1 am able to discover, only two genera stand out 

 prominently from all the rest, these Ixnng Sturnella and Doliclionyx; 

 yet each of these is obviously related to other genera — Sturnella to 

 Truplalifi, and this, through Leistes, obviously leading to the Agelaiine 

 type, the latter through Icterxm to CdcicuK, and this in turn to the 

 opposite extreme from Sturnclhi, the larger caciques or oropendolas 

 {Gymnostinops, Zarhjnchis, etc.). The two " lateral offshoots" repre- 

 sented by Dili iel I onyx and the typical Quiscali (genera Quiscalus, 

 Iloloqaiscalus, and Megaq^uhcalwi) are both obviously connected with 

 the more generalized types, though Dollclumyx evidently shows points 

 of relationship to the Sturnelline end of the series. 



The following arrangement of the genera is far from satisfactory to 

 the author, but is the best he has been able to make without a far 

 greater amount of time than is at his disposal, together with a careful 

 study of internal characters, not now practicable on account of absence 

 of the necessary material. While not entirely natural, the key has 

 been prepared to show as nearly as can be in a linear arrangement, 

 what appears to be the most natural sequence of the genera, without 

 obscuring the characters which serve to most readily identify them. 



The Icteridas comprise birds of most various habits. Some are 

 strictly arboreal, and if placed upon the ground are almost incapable of 

 progression; others are terrestrial (though more or less frequently 

 alighting on trees and sometimes nesting there), and walk upon the 

 ground with the grace and dignity of a crow or starling; many inhabit 

 reedy marshes, and these usually nest in large colonies. The oropendolas 

 (genera Ocyalus, Clypicterus, Zarhjnchiis, Oymnostinops, and Osti- 

 nops) and caciques (genera Cacicm and Cassiculus^) also nest in colonies, 

 but instead of building an open cup-shaped nest attached to the upright 

 stems of aquatic plants, attach their long pensile nests to the extremi- 

 ties of branches of tall forest trees. The " American Orioles" (genus 

 Icterus) also build pensile nests, but, usually at least, are not gregarious. 

 Myiarchusny species are remarkable either for the fullness and richness or 

 other remarkable character of their notes, some of them being song- 

 sters of high merit, while others utter only the most harsh and dis- 

 cordant sounds. Some genera {3fol(/fhrus, Oallotkrm, and 



' P. L. Sclater in Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, pp. 308-405. 

 ^ The nesting habits of Amblycercus are apparently unknown. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 173 



are parasitic, like the European cuckoo, always laying their eggs in 

 the nests of other birds. The plumage varies from uniform black 

 (sometimes with brilliant metallic gloss) or somber brown to the most 

 showy combinations of yellow, orange, or scarlet, and black. 



The group is peculiar to America and is essentially Neotropical. 

 Nearly one hundred and fifty species are known, belonging to more 

 than thirty genera, of which by far the larger number are represented 

 only in South America. 



KEY TO THE GBNEKA OF ICTEKID7E. 



a. Three to five primaries (the eighth to sixth or fourth inclusive) with outer webs 

 sinuated; rectrices not acuminate; wing-tip less than twice as long as culmen 

 (or else mesorhinium very broad, one-fourth as wide as length of culmen); 

 middle toe with claw little if any longer than tarsus (or else tarsi very stout 

 and plumage entirely black), usually shorter; middle toe with claw shorter 

 than its terminal phalanx; hallux with its claw shorter than the digit. 

 b. Nostrils without superior memVjrane or operculum, or if with the latter the 

 operculum completely coalesced with the mesorhinium. 

 u. Nostrils bored directly into the rhinotheca, the nasal fossic completely oblit- 

 erated; neck without ruff. (Caclci.) 

 d. Myiarchusddle pair of rectrices decidedly shorter than the next pair and different 

 in color from outer rectrices; rump neither scarlet, orange-red, nor 

 yellow, and if black the tail partly yellow; nostrils much below lateral 

 median line of maxilla. ( ' ' (_)ropendolas. ' ' ) 

 e. Frontal shield very broad, its width decidedly greater than distance from 



nostril to tip of maxilla Zarhyuchus (p. 175 ) 



ee. Frontal shield narrow, its width decidedly less than half the distance 

 from nostril to tip of maxilla. 

 /. Cheeks and sides of throat naked; wing-tip short, less than length of 



culmen Gymnostiuops (p. 178) 



ff. Whole head normally feathered; wing-tip long, much exceeding length 



of culmen Ostinops (p. 183) 



dd. -Myiarchusddle pair of rectrices not shorter than next pair, or else the tail uni- 

 colored (black); rump scarlet, orange-red, or yellow, or else whole 

 plumage black; nostrils not conspicuously below lateral median line of 

 maxilla. ( ' ' Caciques. ' ' ) 

 ('. Particolored (black, with patches of scarlet, orange-red, or yellow); wing 

 more pointed, the outermost (ninth) primary not shorter than inner- 

 most (first) — usually much longer. 

 /. Not conspicuously, if at all, crested; ninth primary shorter than fifth. 



Cacicua (p. 186) 



ff. Conspicuou.sly crested ; ninth primarj- longer than fifth 



Cassicnlus (p. 190) 

 ee. Unicolored (black); wing more rounded, the ninth primary shorter 



than first Amblycercus (p. 192) 



cc. Nostrils in anterior end of well-defined nasal fossas, but the latter otherwise 

 completely filled by feathering of the loral antia? ; neck ruffed. ( Cassidices. ) 



Cassidix (p. 196) 

 bb. Nostrils with more or less distinct superior operculum or membrane, 

 c. Hallux not longer than lateral anterior toes; middle phalanx of middle toe 

 shorter than terminal phalanx; outer toe (without claw) reaching to or 

 beyond second (subterminal) joint of middle toe. 




174 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



d. Longest tertials not produced beyond secondaries; outer toe (without claw) 



reaching beyond subterminal joint of middle toe. 



c. Nostril small, roundish, much encroached upon beneath by feathering of 



the loral antise; parasitic. (Molothri.) 



f. Neck ruffed laterally and behind (as in Casgidix); inner webs of three 



outer primaries abruptly emarginated and angularly toothed; plumage 



of neck, breast, etc., peculiar (hair-like) Callotliriis (p. 200) 



ff. Neck not ruffed ; inner webs of primaries only slightly sinuated ; plumage 



of neck, breast, etc., normal (blended) Molothrus (p. 205) 



er. Xostril larger, narrower, more or less linear, oblong, or subcuneate, well 

 forward of the loral antiae; nonparasitic. 

 /. Oulmen more or less strongly and abruptly decurved terminally, or else 



(1) bill stout and obtuse and ninth primary shorter than second, or 



(2) culmen less than one-fifth as long as tail, the latter longer than 

 wing and much graduated. ( Quiscali. ) 



g. Ninth primary not shorter than third, usually longer. 

 li. Tail plicate' and graduated (distance between tips of lateral and 

 middle rectrieea greater, usually much more, than distance from 

 nostril to tip of maxilla). 

 i. Median palatal ridge truncated, angulated, and highest ante- 

 riorly ftuiscalus (p. 212) 



a. Median palatal ridge beveled anteriorly, highest in middle. 

 j. Graduation of tail less than one-third (about one-fourth) its 



length; tail much shorter than wing Holoquiscalus (p. 222) 



jj. Graduation of tail more than one-third its length; tail nearly 



as long as wing (sometimes longer) . .Megaquiscalns (p. 233) 



hh. Tail not plicate, slightly rounded or nearly even, the difference 



between tips of lateral and middle rectrices less than distance 



from nostril to tip of maxilla. 



i. Ninth primary equal to sixth or longer; plumage of neck and 



chest normal (smooth); bill more slender, its depth at base 



decidedly less than length of gonya Scoleoophagns (p. 244) 



a. Ninth primary shorter than sixth (equal to fifth) ; plumage of 

 neck and chest peculiar (hair-like); bill stouter, its depth at 



base nearly equal to length of gonys Ptiloxena (p. 251) 



gg. Ninth primary shorter than second Dives (p. 253) 



ff. Culmen nearly straight, or if obviously decurved terminally the curve 

 very gradual and the bill slender and acute. 

 g. Nasal fossae broader and more rounded anteriorly, with nasal opercu- 

 lum larger; tarsi and toes relatively shorter and stouter; arboreal. 



{Ideri) Icterus (p. 255) 



gg. Nasal fossas narrower, sometimes obtusely angled, anteriorly, with 

 nasal operculum smallf r; tarsi and toes relatively longer and more 

 slender; terrestrial and paludicoline. {Agelaii.) 

 h. Ninth primary not longer than sixth (usually shorter); lateral 

 claws not reaching beyimd base of middle claw. 



'Capable of having the lateral halves folded together, the outer edges upward, so 

 that a transverse section would be V-shaped. This character is very strongly marked 

 in Quiscalus, Holoquisccdus, and Megaqimcalus, and possibly the group QuiscaH should 

 be restricted to these genera. Unfortunately this character is not evident in dried 

 skins, and therefore we are as yet ignorant as to whether it exists in PsmdaglsM, 

 Myiarchuscraglseus, and Lampropsar. It certainly does not in Scolecophagus and Pliloxena, 

 and probably not in Dives. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 175 



i. Length of culmen much less than difference between length of 



wing and length of tail Agelaius (p. 319) 



II. Length of culmen much greater than difference between length of 



wing and length of tail Nesopsar (p. .344) 



hh. Ninth primary longest or equal to longest; lateral claws reaching 



beyond base of middle claw Xauthocephalus (p. 346) 



dd. Longest tertials produced beyond tips of adjacent secondaries; outer toe 

 (without claw) not reaching beyond subterminal joint of middle toe. 



( Trupiales.) _ Leistes (p. 350) 



ec. Hallux much longer than lateral anterior toes; middle phalanx of middle 



toe longer than terminal phalanx; outer toe (without claw) not reaching 



to second (subterminal) joint of middle toe. (<S'((n-)/f//<T. ).Sturnella (p. 353) 



aa. Only two primaries (the eighth and seventh) with outer web sinuated; reclrices 



conspicuously acuminate; wing-tip more than twice as long as culmen; middle 



toe, with claw, much longer than tarsus; claw of middle toe longer than the 



terminal phalanx; hallux with its claw longer than the digit. (Dolicliony- 



ces.) - Doliclioiiyx (p. 369) 



Genus ZARHYNCHUS Oberholser. 



Eucorystes^ (not of Bell, 1862) Sci.a'i-eb, Ibis, 5th ser., i, .Vpr., 1883, 147. (Type, 



Cacicus wagleri Gray). 

 Zarhynchus^ Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June li, 1899, 215. (For 



Eucorystes, preoccupied.) 



Large arboreal Icteridse with the bill much longer than the head, 

 much swollen basally, forming a broad rounded frontal .shield; the 

 primaries long and attenuated terminally; coloration glossy black and 

 dark chestnut, the tail mostly yellow. 



Bill much longer than head, elongate-conical, declinate, acute, much 

 swollen basally, its depth at base decidedly less than half the length of 

 culmen, decidedly less than length of gonys, its basal width about one- 

 third the length of culmen, or a little less; culmen straight or nearly 

 so in middle portion, gently decurved terminally, more or less arched 

 and sometimes slightly elevated basally where broadly expanded, form- 

 ing a rounded frontal shield, the posterior end of which reaches as far 

 backward as middle of eye, its greatest width equal to about half the 

 distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; gonys nearly straight, decid- 

 edly shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; mandibular 

 rami much widened and swollen posteriorly, the posterior outline 

 oblique, slightly convex; commissure nearly straight, but slightly 

 decurved both basally and terminally. Nostrils situated much below 

 the lateral median line of the maxilla, small, broadly oval or roundish, 

 bored into the horny rhinotheca, beveled off anteriorly, and separated 

 distinctly from the loral feathering. Wing long (about three and one- 

 third times length of culmen), with long and pointed tip (much longer 

 than culmen); outermost (ninth) primary intermediate between fifth and 

 fourth, the seventh, or seventh and sixth, longest; four outer primaries 



• "Ev, benfi, et Kopv6rr/i, galeatus." ' From ?a, valde, and pvyxoi, rostrum. 




176 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



attenuated terminally, especially the outermost, which is abiuptly 

 emarginated on inner web. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing, 

 rounded or slightly graduated, with the middle pair of rectrices abruptly 

 shorter than the next (intermediate between second and third from out- 

 side), the rectrices contracted terminally and obtusely pointed. Tarsus 

 nearly as long as maxilla from nostril, stout, the upper portion covered 

 by projecting tibial feathers, the anterior scutella very distinct; middle 

 toe, with claw, nearl}' as long as tarsus; outer toe with claw reaching 

 a little beyond base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; hallux 

 decidedly shorter than lateral toes but much stouter, its claw decidedly 

 shorter than the digit. A sparse crest of very narrow elongated 

 feather.s springing from middle of crown. 



Coloration. — Back, scapulars, wings, middle pair of rectrices, breast, 

 abdomen, and thighs black, more or less glossj^; tail (except middle 

 pair of rectrices) yellow; rest of plumage dark chestnut; bill light 

 colored. • 



Runijc. — Southern Mexico to Venezuela and northwestern Peru. 

 (Monotypic.) 



ZARHYNCHUS WAGLERI WAGLERI (Gray). 

 WAGIER'S OROPENBOIA. 



Admit male. — Head, neck, and upper chest dark chestnut-brown or 

 seal brown, somewhat darker on the crown and slender crest-feathers, 

 the plumage pure white basally; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts 

 black, the feathers broadly margined with glossy greenish black (more 

 narrowly on the greater coverts); rest of wings, together with upper 

 chest, breast, and upper abdomen uniform black, more or less strongly 

 glossed with bluish green; flanks, rump, and upper tail-coverts deep 

 chestnut or chocolate brown, the lower abdomen similar but rather 

 lighter; anal region and under tail-coverts light chestnut; thighs dull 

 black, usually more or less tinged with chestnut; tail clear chrome 

 yellow, the middle pair of rectrices black, except at extreme base, the 

 outermost pair with outer web blackish; bill pale greenish yellow 

 (sometimes drying dusky or olive), usually showing some olive or 

 dusky on terminal half of mandible; legs and feet (in dried skins) 

 dusky; length (skins), 33dl-381 (349.5); wing, 188-228.1 (214.1); tail, 

 121.4-136.7 (131.6); culmen, 65.5-71.1 (68.1); depth of bill at base, 

 26.7-29 (27.9); greatest width of frontal shield, 19.8-22.4 (21.3); 

 tarsus, 38.^^41.1 (39.6); middle toe, 28'.5-32.6 (29.7).' 



Adult female. — Myiarchusch smaller than the male; similar in coloration, 

 but black of breast, etc. , less intense, less glossy, blending gradually 

 into the deep chestnut of adjoining parts; bill darker; length (skins), 

 251.5-289.6 (267.7); wing, 149.1-156.2 (152.9); tail, 94.7-105.4 (101.6) 



'Eleven specimens (basal depth of bill measured in only four). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 177 



culrnen, 48.3-53.3 (51.3); depth of bill at base, 22.6-23.9 (23.1); width 

 of frontal shield, 15.2-16.5 (16.7); tarsus, 31.5-33.3 (32.8); middle toe, 

 23.1-25.4 (23.6).^ 



Yoimg.Smii\ar to adult female, but colors duller and bill light 

 brownish. 



Nicaragua (Chon tales; Rio Escondido) to Colombia (Pocune; Ner- 

 cua; Rio Truando); Venezuela; western Ecuador (Balzar Mountains; 

 Foreste del Rio Peripa)?; northwestern Peru (Piura)?' 



Clacicus'] wagleri Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1847, 342 (neither type locality nor loca- 

 tion of type given).' 



Caeicm wagleri Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1847, pi. 84. 



[Ocyalus'] wagleri Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 427 (A'enezuela) .— Sclater 

 and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 35, part. 



Ocyalus wagleri Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 153 (Bogota).— Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 138 (Eio Truando and Eio Nercua, n. Colom- 

 bia).— Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1864, 353 (Panama 

 E. R.); 1879, 508, pi. 43, fig. 3(nearRemedios, prov. Antioquia, Colombia).— 

 Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 9 (Costa Eica).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1867, 142 (Santa F6, Veragua); 1870, 190 (Chitraand Calobre, Vera- 

 gua); Ibis, 1872,317 (Chontales, Nicaragua).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 vii, 1861, 297 (Panama E. E.); ix, 1868, 104 (San Jos#, Turrialba, and San 

 Carlos, Costa Eica).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 302 (Costa Rica).— 

 BoucAHD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 58 (Orozi, San Carlos, and Naranjo, 

 Costa Rica).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 393 (near Punta 

 Arenas, w. Costa Rica). — Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Eica, 1882, 9. 



Cassiais wagleri Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 72, part (Central America; 

 Colombia) . 



Eucorystes wagleri Sclater, Ibis, Apr., 1883, 147, part (monogr.; Chontales, 

 Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Veragua; Colombia; Balzar Mts., w. Ecuador); 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 312, part (Chontales, Nicaragua; Tucurrique, 

 Costa Rica; Santa F6 and Chitra, Veragua; Chiriqui; Isthmus Panama; 

 Pocune, Colombia; Balzar Mts., w. Ecuador). — Salvin and God.man, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 436, part (localities and references from Nicaragua 

 southward; w. Ecuador; Piura, n. w. Peru). — Zeledon, An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa 

 Rica, i, 1887, 112 ( Alajuela and Cartago, Costa Rica) . — Cherrie, Auk, ix, 1892, < 

 249 (San Jos6, Costa Rica; descr. young). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., V^ 

 xvi, 1893, 493 (San Juan E., and Rio Frio, Costa Eica; Eio Escondido, Nica- 

 ragua). — Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899,jJK 

 (Foreste del Eio Peripa, w. Ecuador). 



Zarhynchus wagleri Oberholser, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 215. 



Zarhynchus wagleri wagleri Eidqway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 

 151, in text. 



'Seven specimens (basal depth of bill measured in only two). 



^I have not seen specimens from Nicaragua nor from any part of northern South 

 America south of the Panama Eailroad. Judging from other species which vary 

 similarly between southern Mexico and the Isthmus of Panama, Nicaraguan speci- 

 mens are most likely referable to the southern form. Specimens from western Peru 

 and Ecuador, on the other hand, may prove on critical comparison to be separable 

 as a third form, and those from Venezuela should also be carefully compared. 



'Judging from the colored plate, Gray's bird seems to have been the southern 

 form. 



3654— VOL 2—01 12 




178 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ZARHYNCHUS WAGLERI MEXICANUS Ridgway. 

 MEXICAU OROPENDOLA. 



Similar to Z. w. wagleri but averaging slightly smaller, especially 

 the hill; frontal shield narrower and less arched; chestnut of head 

 and neck slightly, that of rump and flanks decidedly, darker; black 

 of breast and abdomen more restricted, duller, less glossy. 



Admit mafe.— Length (skins), 330.2-368.3 (344.4); wing, 207-218.9 

 (213.6); tail, 124.5-132.6 (127.3); culmeu, 64-67.3 (65.5); greatest width 

 of frontal shield, 18.3-20.3 (19.6); tarsus. 37.6-38.6 (38.1); middle toe, 

 27.4-30(28.7).' 



Adult female.—ljengih. (skin), 243.8; wing, 147.3-154.2 (150.6); tail, 



98.8-99.1; culraen, 48-48.3 (48.1); greatest width of frontal shield, 



14.5-15.2 (14.7); tarsus, 31.8-32.5 (32); middle toe, 24.1-25.4(24.6).' 



Southern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Motzorongo, Cerro de 



Defensa, etc.) to Guatemala; British Honduras?; Honduras?.^ 



Ocyalus wagleri (not Cacictis wagleri Gray) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 

 228 (Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 127 (Guatemala). — Sclatek and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, 19 Gahaboii, Guatemala); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras)— 

 Moore, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lond., 1859, 57, (Chilomo, Honduras). — Salvin, 

 J .^Ibis, 1861, 141 (Lanquin, Guatemala). 

 Caskcus wagleri Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 72, part (Mexico). 

 [.Ocyalus} wagleri Sclater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 35, part. 

 Ocyalus waglerii Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (hot region. 



Vera Cruz). — Boucakd, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 35. 

 Eucorystes wagleri Sclater, Ibis, Apr., 1883, 147, part (s. Mexico; Guatemala; 

 Honduras; monogr. ); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 312, part (Coban and 

 Choctum, Guatemala; s. Mexico). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1886, 436, part (Cerro de la Defensa, Vera Cruz; Cahabon, Lanquin, 

 and Choctum, Guatemala; Chilomo and San Pedro, Honduras). 

 Zarliynchus wagleri mexicanns Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 

 1901, 151 (Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Genus GYMNOSTINOPS Sclater. 



Oymnostinops* Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 309, 312. (Type, Cacicm 

 montezuma Lesson. ) 



Very large arboreal Icteridae with bill longer than head, straight, 

 acute elongate-conical, with basal outline of mandibular rami nearly 

 vertical, straight or slightly concave, the basal portion of culmen more 

 or less expanded, forming a somewhat flattened frontal shield; cheeks 

 and space on sides of throat naked; coloration black and chestnut, or 

 olive-yellowish, with tail mostly yellow. 



' Five specimens. 



^Two specimens. 



'I have not seen specimens from any portion of the district between Guatemala 

 and Costa Rica. Judging, however, from the case of other species which vary 

 between southern Mexico and the Isthmus of Panama, specimens from British Hon- 

 duras and Honduras are most likely to be referable to the northern form; those from 

 Nicaragua to the southern one. 



* " -yvpivoi naked, d6TEiv6<; bony, oaip face." 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 179 



Bill longer than head, elongate-conical, acute, compressed, with 

 nearly straight outlines, its basal depth decidedly less than distance 

 from nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width less than half that dis- 

 tance; culmen straight, ascending but not conspicuously elevated 

 basally, forming a broad, nearly flat, frontal shield, with rounded pos- 

 terior outline, the extreme posterior portion of which extends about 

 as far as the anterior angle of the eye; gonys straight, decidedly more 

 than half as long as culmen, but about as much shorter than distance 

 from nostril to tip of maxilla; mandibular rami widened, but not 

 swollen, posteriorly, with terminal outline truncate or faintly conca\'p; 

 commissure nearly straight. Nostril much below lateral median line 

 of maxilla, small, broadly oval or nearly circular, bored directly into 

 the horny rhinotheca, beveled off anteriorly, posteriorly touching the 

 loral feathering. Wing moderate (more than three times as long as 

 culmen), short-tipped (primaries exceeding secondaries by less than 

 length of culmen), rounded; outermost (ninth) primary intermediate 

 between fifth and fourth; seventh, or seventh and sixth, longest; four 

 outer primaries broad and rounded at tips (the first slightly contracted 

 terminally), their inner webs faintly sinuated. Tail about three- 

 fourths as long as wing, graduated, with middle pair of rectrices 

 abruptly abbreviated (intermediate in length between outermost and 

 the next), the rectrices rather narrow, but not obviously contracted 

 terminally nor pointed. Tarsus about as long as the maxilla from 

 nostril, or a little longer, stout, its anterior scutella very distinct; 

 middle toe, with claw, about as long as tarsus; outer toe with claw 

 reaching about to base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; 

 hallux shorter than lateral toes, but conspicuously stouter, its claw 

 slightly shorter than the digit; all the claws strongly curved. A 

 crescentic patch immediately behind frontal shield, rictal and sub- 

 orbital regions, anterior and middle portion of malar region, and sides 

 of chin and throat naked, the last separated from the naked cheek- 

 space by a narrow line of feathering; a sparse crest of narrow elon- 

 gated feathers springing from middle of crown. 



Coloration. — Black and chestnut, or yellowish olive-green, with tail 

 mostly yellow. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. (Five 

 species, only one of them north of the Isthmus of Panama.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GyMNOSTINOPS. 



a. Winga, upper tail-coverts, and flanks chestnut. 

 h. Breast, abdomen, and thighs chestnut. ( Southern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama. ) 



Gymnostinops monteznma (p. 180) 

 hh. Breast, abdomen, and thighs black. (Northern Colombia.) 



Gymnostinops cassini (p. 181) 



aa. Wings (except a small area next to scapulars), upper tail-coverts, and flanks 



black. (Northern Colombia. ) Gymnostinops guatimozinus ( p. 182 ) 




180 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



GYMNOSTINOPS MONTEZUMA (Lesson). 

 MONTEZUmA OROPENDOIA. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and upper part of chest uniform black; 

 tail i-ich lemon yellow, the middle pair of rectrices brownish black; 

 rest of plumage rich purplish chestnut, or bay, darker on under parts 

 of the body, especially the thighs, the feathers of breast and abdomen 

 being black beneath the surface; tips of longer primaries (beyond 

 emarginations) and whole under surface of wings brownish black; 

 basal half, or more, of bill black, the terminal portion yellowish (more or 

 less orange or orange-red in life); naked skin around base of culmen 

 and bare suborbital and malar spaces flesh color, pale bluish, or rose- 

 pink in life;, iris brown; legs and feet black; length (skins), 450.9- 

 620.7 (491); wing, 245.1-273.1 (260.9); tail, 186.9-205.2 (197.4); cul- 

 men, 73.7-78.7 (77); greatest width of culmen near base, 13.7-16.3 

 (14.7); tarsus, 54.6-60.2 (56.6); middle toe, 39.9-44.5 (42.4).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but much smaller; black 

 of head and neck duller or browner; middle rectrices blackish brown, 

 instead 6i black, and the median under parts and thighs darker, some- 

 times approaching brownish black; length (skins), 368.2-406.4 (381.3); 

 wing, 188-205.7 (196.3); tail, 144.8-159.5 (152.4); culmen, 56.4-61 

 (68.9); width of culmen near base, 10.2-12.4 (11.2); tarsus, 44.5^6.3 

 (45.2); middle toe, 31.2-38.5 (32.5).' 



Young. — Similar to adults, but dark portion of bill not so deep black 

 and pale terminal portion less distinctly yellowish; the line of demar- 

 cation between the two areas less distinct. 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Myiarchusra) and Vera 

 Cruz (Santa Myiarchusria, Orizaba, Cordova, Jalapa, Actopam, Barra de 

 Santa Ana, Paso de la Myiarchuslpa, etc.), south through Central America to 

 Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad). 



^ Seven specimens. 



'' Five specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Culmen. 



Width 



of 

 frontal 

 shield. 



Tarsus. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Two adult males from southern Mexico 



One adult male from Guatemala 



Three adult males from Nicaragua and Costa Rica. . 

 One adult male from Panama 



FEMALES. 



Two adult females from southern Mexico 



Two adult females from Honduras 



One adult female from Costa Rica 



271.8 

 264.2 

 263.5 

 257. .S 



202.4 

 194.3 

 188 



202.9 

 198.6 

 191.3 

 193 



157.2 

 152.7 

 144.8 



75.9 

 76.7 

 77 

 77 



57.7 

 59.7 

 69.7 



14 

 14 

 15.2 

 16.3 



10.4 

 11.9 

 10.7 



54.9 

 56.4 

 56.6 

 ■60. '2 



45.6 I 

 45.2 I 

 44.5 I 



42.2 

 39.9 

 43.4 



38.3 



32 



31.2 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 181 



Caciais monlezuma Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1830, 33, pi. 7 ( IMexico) .— Gervais, 

 Atlas Zool., 1844, pi. 33. 



Cacicus montezumiv Sclater, Proc. Zool. Sec. Lond., 1856, 300 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruz); 1858, 358 (Comayagua, Honduras), 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— 

 Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 19 (Atlantic coast, Guatemala, and Hon- 

 duras) .—Mooee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 57 (Omoa, Honduras).— Tay- 

 lor, Ibis, I860, 111 (Taulevi, Honduras). 



Caasicus montezuma: CASsiif, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 71 (monogr.). 



Ostinops montezumx Sclateh, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 380 (Playa Vicente, 

 Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 128 (Jalapa); Ibis, 1883, 148 (throughout s. 

 Mexico to Panama).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 139, footnote 

 (Mexico; Nicaragua; descr.).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 

 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 104 (San Carlos and Angostura, Costa 

 Rica) .—Sclateh and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 (Lion Hill); 

 1867, 279 (Blewflelds R., Nicaragua); 1870, 886 (San Pedro, Honduras).— 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1865, 195 (not on Pacific coast of Guatemala). — Frantzius, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 302 (San Carlos, Angostura, Serapiqui, Tucurriqui, San 

 Myiarchusteo, Aguacate, and Orosi, Costa Rica). — Boucakd, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1878, 58 (San Carlos and Naranjo, Costa Rica; descr. nest, etc.). — Zeledon, 

 Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9.— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1884, 

 383 (Sucuyd, Nicaragua; habits, etc.), 401 (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua). 



Ostinops montezumae Boucard, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 35. 



Ostinops montezuma SvaicnuAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (hot region. 

 Vera Cruz). — Fereari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 149 (Actopam, 

 Barra de Santa Ana, and Paso de la Myiarchuslpa, Vera Cruz) . 



[Ostinops} rnontezumx Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 35. 



Gymnostinops montezumx ScLATSR, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 313. — Salvin 

 andGoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 437. — Zeledon, An. Myiarchuss. Nac. 

 Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Jimenez and Cartago, Costa Rica) . — Goss, Auk, v, 

 1888, 27 (breeding habits; descr. nest and eggs). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1888, 588 (Segovia R., Honduras).- Richmond, Proc. D". S. Nat Myiarchuss., 

 xvi, 1893, 494 (Nicaragua; habits, song, etc.); xviii, 1896, 630 (Alta Myiarchusra, 

 Tamaulipas). 



Classicus} bifasdaius {not ot Spix) Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 427, part 

 (Mexico) . 



0[stinops'] bifasdata Caeanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 187, excl. syn. part (Mexico). 



GYMNOSTINOPS CASSINI Richmond. 

 CASSIN'S OROPENDOLA. 



Similar to G. m.mitezuma, but bill longer, much deeper and broader 

 at base, more attenuated terminallj', with light-colored tip occupying 

 less than terminal third, and with the basal portion of the frontal 

 "casque" light-colored; under parts (except under tail-coverts), 

 including thighs, deep black; chestnut of upper parts and under tail- 

 coverts darker (rich deep bay). Myiarchusch larger than G. guatimozinus, 

 with the entire back, scapulars, wings (except terminal portion of 

 longer primaries), rump, and tail-coverts (upper and lower) entirely 

 deep chestnut or bay; black of head, neck, and under parts less intense; 

 basal portion of frontal "casque" light-colored, and naked skin of 

 cheeks light-colored instead of dusky. Bill black, with about 25.4 




182 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



mm. of the terminal portion and about 5.1 mm. of the basal iwrtion of 

 the frontal shield (extending forward laterally) dull yellowish (orange 

 in life?); naked skin of forehead and cheeks light-colored (pinkish or 

 flesh-colored in life?); legs and feet black. 



Adult ma^e.— Length (skin), about 533.5; wing, 270.6; tail, 203.2; 

 culmen, 85.9; greatest width of culmen near base, 21.6; depth of bill 

 at base, 35.6; tarsus, 61.5; middle toe, 43.7. 



Northern Colombia (Rio Truando). 



Ostinops gualimozinus (not of Bonaparte) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 

 138, 139 (Rio Truando, n. Colombia; descr. ; crit. ). 



Casdcu8 guatimozinus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 71, part (Rio 

 Truando). 



Gymnostinops gvMyiarchusmozinus Sai,vjh and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 

 439, part (Rio Truando). 



Qymnostinops cassini Richmond, Auk, xv, Oct., 1898, 327 (Rio Truando, n. Colom- 

 bia; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



GYMNOSTINOPS GUATIMOZINUS (Bonaparte). 

 BLACK OROFENSOLA. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, upper back, and entire under parts, 

 except under tail-coverts, uniform deep black, with a faint bluish 

 gloss; wings black, with innermost coverts dark chestnut or bay; 

 lower back and scapulars dark chestnut or bay, the feathers black 

 beneath surface; rump and upper tail-coverts black, tinged with dark 

 chestnut or bay; under tail-coverts similar, but the longer ones uni- 

 form bay ; bill black, with the tip yellowish for about 19. 1 mm. ; naked 

 skin on forehead light-colored (apparently pinkish or flesh-colored in 

 life), but that of cheeks duskj^; legs and feet black; length (skin), 

 about 463.6; wing, 261.6; tail, 207; culmen, 65.5; greatest width of 

 culmen near base, 13.2; depth of bill at base, 27.9; tarsus, 59.7; middle 

 toe, 41.1.' 



Adult female. — Myiarchusch smaller than the male; similar in coloration, 

 but the black rather less intense; length (skin), 400.1; wing, 200.7; 

 tail, 153.7; culmen, 52.8; greatest width of culmen near base, 11.4; 

 depth of bill at base, 23.4; tarsus, 44.5; middle toe, 33.^ 



Northern Colombia (Guaripata; Turbo; lower Myiarchusgdalena River; 

 Remedios, Antioquia). 



Ostinops gvMtimozinus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxvii, 1853, 833 (Guaripata, 

 Colombia); Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1853, 10.— Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. See. Lond., 1879, 508 (Remedios, prov. Antioquia, Colombia; deacr. 

 eggs). — Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 149,, part (northeipi parts of Colombia; Guari- 

 pata; Remedios, Antioquia). 



guatemozinus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, o5. 



•No. 128113, U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Lower Myiarchusgdalena River, Colombia, June 28, 1892; 

 Lieut. Wirt Robinson, U. S. A. 

 ''No. 17846, TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Turbo, northern Colombia; Dr. A. Schott. 




BIRDS OF NORTH ANB MIDDLE AMERICA. 183 



CfiKstrus guatimozinus Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 71, part (Turbo, n. 

 Colombia). 



Gymnostinops guatimozinus Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 314 (Reme- 

 dies).— Salvin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 439, pi. 32. — 

 Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 ( lower Myiarchusgdalena R. , Colombia) . 



Genus OSTINOPS Cabanis. 



Ostinops^ Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 187. (Type, Oriolus cristatus 

 Gmelin, =Xanthomus decumanus Pallas. ) 



Very large arboreal Icteridse with bill longer than head, straight, 

 acute elongate-conical, with basal outline of mandibular rami nearly 

 vertical, truncate, the basal portion of culmen elevated and expanded, 

 forming a narrow but prominent frontal shield; head completely 

 feathered. 



Bill slightly longer than head, elongate-conical, acute, compressed, 

 with nearly straight outlines, its basal depth decidedly less than dis- 

 tance from nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width nearly half that 

 measurement; culmen straight, slightly decurved terminally, the basal 

 portion slightly elevated, arched, and expanded, forming a narrow 

 frontal shield, the rounded posterior extremity of which is about on 

 line with anterior angle of eye; gonys straight, decidedly more than 

 half as long as culmen but shoi"ter than distance from nostril to tip of 

 maxilla; commissure straight to behind nostril, where decidedly 

 deflexed to the rictus; mandibular rami posteriorly widened and 

 truncate, but not swollen. Nostril much below lateral median line of 

 maxilla, small, broadly oval or nearly circular, bored directly into the 

 horny rhinotheca, slightly beveled anteriorly, posteriorly touching 

 the loral feathering. Wing long (more than four times as long as 

 culmen), the tip long (much longer than culmen) and wedge-shaped; 

 ninth (outermost) primary intermediate between fifth and fourth; 

 seventh or sixth primary longest; four outer primaries gradually con- 

 tracted terminally and pointed, their inner web faintly sinuated. 

 Tail between three-fourths and four-fifths as long as wing, graduated, 

 with middle pair of rectrices shorter than third pair and differently 

 colored from the others, the rectrices rather narrow but not contracted 

 terminally. Tarsus longer than maxilla from nostril, very stout, its 

 anterior scutella very distinct; middle toe, with claw, decidedly 

 shorter than tarsus (about equal to maxilla from nostril); outer toe 

 with claw reaching slightly beyond base of middle claw, the inner 

 slightly shorter; hallux nearly as long as inner toe, much stouter, its 

 claw decidedly shorter than the digit. Head completely feathered, a 

 sparse crest of narrow elongated feathers springing from middle of 

 crown. 



Coloration. — Black and chestnut, or olive-green, olive-brown, or 

 russet, with the tail mostly yellow. 



1" oiTirod, knocheru, und Sip, mTto6, -q Gesicht, Antlitz." 




184 BULLETITSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



^aw^e.— Isthmus of Panama (Chiriqui) to Bolivia and southern 

 Brazil. (Eight species, all South American, one of them barely pass- 

 ing the Isthmus of Panama.) 



. OSTINOPS DECUMANUS (Pallas). 

 CRESTED OBOFENSOLA, 



AcImU male. — General color uniform, rather glossy, black, or brown- 

 ish black (sometimes with a slight purplish reflection in certain lights); 

 rump and upper tail-coverts dark purplish chestnut or bay, the under 

 tail-coverts similar but lighter (more burnt sienna); tail rich lemon 

 yellow, with middle pair of rectrices black; bill pale greenish yellow; 

 legs and feet black; length (skins), 416.6-463.6 (433.1); wing, 216.9- 

 250.2 (236); tail, 185.4-221 (202.2); culmen, 55.9-66.5 (62.2); depth of 

 bill at base, 25.9-30 (28.2); width of maxilla between lores, 10.2-13 

 (11.7); tarsus, 48.3-65.4 (51.3); middle toe, 34.3-40.6 (37.6).' 



AdMlt female. — Similar in coloration to the adult male but much 

 smaller, with crest less developed; length (skins), 317.5-355.6 (326.6); 

 wing, 158.8-186.7 (169.2); tail, 134.6-177.8 (151.9); culmen, 42.9-50.8 

 (46.7); depth of bill at base, 20.3-22.9 (21.8); width of culmen between 

 lores, 7.9-9.9 (9.1); tarsus, 38.6-43.2 (41.1); middle toe, 27.2-30.5 

 (29.2).' 



Young. — Similar to adults, but the black duller, the chestnut of 

 rump, etc. , less bright and much less sharply defined, and the bill pale 

 yellowish brown or dull brownish white instead of pale greenish 



' Eleven specimens. 

 ^ Ten specimens. 



Specimens from eastern Ecuador average larger, those from southern Brazil smaller, 

 averages being as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Culmen, 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



Width 

 of cul- 

 men be- 

 tween 

 lores. 



Tarsus. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Six adult males from Colombia (including 

 Panama and Chiriqui) 



Three adult males from Rio Napo, eastern 

 Ecuador 



Two adult males from Chapada, Myiarchustto- 

 Grosso, southwestern Brazil , 



FEMALES. 



Five adult females from Colombia 



One adult female from Rio Napo, eastern 



Ecuador 



Four adult females from Chapada, Myiarchustto- 



Grosso, southwestern Brazil 



226.8 



252 



239 



176.3 

 170.9 

 159.8 



199.1 

 216.9 

 188 



161.5 

 149.9 

 139.7 



62.6 

 64.8 

 57.7 



49.8 

 45.7 

 37.1 



28.2 

 27.9 

 28.7 



22. 1 

 22.4 

 21.1 



11.2 

 12.7 

 11.9 



9.4 

 9.7 

 8.6 



51.1 

 53.3 

 49.8 



42.7 

 43.2 

 39.1 



35.8 



29.7 



30 



27.7 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 185 



yellow. (Some specimens apparently nearly or quite mature have 

 indistinct brownish margins to posterior scapulars and interscapulars.) 

 Chiriqui (Bugaba) and Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill, Chepo, Rio 

 Lara) to eastern Peru (Pebas, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas, Rio Ucayali, 

 Chyavetas, Chamicuros, etc.), Bolivia (Tilotilo), Paraguay (Lambare), 

 southerD Brazil (Chapada, province of Myiarchustto-Grosso; Blumenau, prov- 

 ince of Santa Catarina; Piquete, province of Sao Paulo; Ypanema: 

 Bahia, etc.), British Guiana (Bartica Grove), Trinidad, and Tobago. 



Xanthomus decumanus Pallas, Spicil. ZooL, fasc. vi, 1769, 1 (" America"). 

 Ostinops decumanus Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 200 (San Jos^ and Atanques, 

 prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia; crit. nom. ); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 

 440 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion Hill and Chepo, Isthmus of Pa,nama; Turbo, n. 

 Colombia; Guiana; Bolivia; s. e. Brazil). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 See. Lond., 1879, 508 (Eemedios, Antioquia). — Sclatek, Ibis, 1883, 151 

 (monogr. ); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 315 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion 

 Hill and Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; Atanques, Bogota, and Antioquia, 

 Colombia; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Pebas and Santa Cruz, e. Peru; Tilotilo, 

 Bolivia; Barra do Rio Negro, Ypanema, and Bahia, Brazil; Bartica Grove, 

 British Guiana; Tobago) . — Taczanowski, Orn. du Perou, ii, 1885, 404. — 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1885, 217 (Bartica Grove, British Gaiana). — Beelepsch, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1887, 10 (Lambare, Paraguay), 116 (Paraguay) ; 1889, 299 (Yuri- 

 maguas, n.e. Peru). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., ii, 1889,84 (lov^erBeniR,, 

 Bolivia) ; iii, 1891, 376 (Chapada, prov. Myiarchustto-Grosso, s. w. Brazil; descr. nest 

 and eggs, etc.). — Chapman, Auk, vii, 1890, 269 (Santarem, lov^er Amazon); 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 35 (Trinidad; habits; notes).— Cory, Auk, 

 X, 1893, 220 (Tobago).— Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Myiarchusgda- 

 lenaR., Colombia). — Phelps, Auk,xiv, 1897, 364 (Cumanacoa, Venezuela). — 

 Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 177 (Palomina, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Honda, Rio Com- 

 beima, and Nevada del Tolima, centr. Colombia).— Salvadoki, Boll. Myiarchuss. 

 Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, 1899, 5 (Rio Lara, Isthmus of Panama); xv, no. 378, 

 1900,6 (Urucum, prov. Myiarchustto-Grosso, s. w. Brazil).— Salvadori and Festa, 

 Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899,28(Gualaquizaaud Valle del Zamora, 

 e. Ecuador) .—IiiERiNG, Aves de S. Paulo, 1899, 169 (Piquete, prov. S. 

 Paulo, s. Brazil).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 163 (Ouaca, 

 prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia).— Robinson and RichmoiJid, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss.jxxiv, 1901,' 175 (Cucurutl and San Julian, Venezuela). 



(?) Xanthomus maximus Pallas, Spicil. ZooL, fasc. vi, 1769, 3 pi. 1 (America). 



Onolus ovtrius MyiarchusIllee, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 87 (based on Cassique huppe, de 

 Cayenne Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 344). 



Cassicus cUrms Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 68 (monogr.). 



Oriolus cristaius BovBAERT, Tabl. PI. Enl., 178S, 21 (based on Cassique huppe, de 

 Ca2/«nne Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 344). 



[Oriolus'] cristatus GuELiN, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 387.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 

 174. 



Jctems cTOtotas Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 46. 



Cassicus oristatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., v, 1816, 362; Enc. M^th., ii, 

 1828, 721.— Myiarchusximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, 1831, 1220.— Tschudi, 

 Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1849, 232.— Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. 

 Guiana, iii, 1848, 680.— Burmeister, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 275.— 

 Descourtilz, Orn. Br^s., 1854-56, pi. 45, fig. (3).— Berlepsch, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1873, 248 (Blumenau, prov. Santa Catarina, s. Brazil; localities, ref- 

 erences, etc.). 




186 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



('.'[fis.s-iais] cristatus Swainson, Birds Brazil, etc., 1841, pi. 32. 



[(Vmi'c-Ks] rriKtiiliis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 427 (Guiana; Brazil). 



Pslarocolius] cWs/a(MS Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, Sp. 3. 



0\_stinops'] (TisfatasCABANis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 187 (Brazil; Guiana; "Vene- 

 zuela). 



'Ostinops cristatus Sc-LAimi, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 153 (Bogota); 1858, 455 

 (Gualaquiza Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 127 (Bogota).— Cassix, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 138 (Turbo and Rio Atrato, n. Colombia).— Law- 

 rence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.). — Rein- 

 HARDT, Fuglef. Bras. Camp., 1870, 211 (Guacheand Japui, Brazil). — Tavlok, 

 Ibis, 1864, 88 (Trinidad) .— Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 354 (Panama R. R.); 1866, 182 (Rio Ucayali, e. Peru); 1867, 750 (Rio 

 Huallaga, e. Peru), 978 (Pebas, upper Amazon); 1873, 265 (Pebas, lower 

 Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chamicuros, and Santa Cruz, e. Peru) ; 1879, 608 (Prov. 

 Yungas, Bolivia).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 190 (Bugaba, 

 Chiriqul).— Finsc'h, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 578 (Trinidad).— Wvatt, 

 Ibis, 1871, 328 (lower mountain dists., Colombia). — Pei.zeln, Orn. Bras., 

 1871, 191.— Allen, Bull. Essex Inst. , viii, 1876, 79 (Santarem, lower Amazon) . 



[Ostinops'] cristatus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 35. 



Genus CACICUS Lacepede. 



Cacicus Lacepede, Tableau method, des Myiarchusmmif. et des Oiseaux, 1799, 6. (Type, 

 "Cacique," = Cassicus affinis Swainson.?) 



Casfdcus Illiger, Prodromua Orn., 1811, 214. (Type, Oriolus hsemorrlums Lin- 

 naeus. ) 



(?) Archiplanv^^ Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 186. (Type, Cassicus albi- 

 rostris Vieillot.) 

 Medium-sized to rather large arboreal Icteridaj with bill elongate- 

 conical, acute, the culmen more or less widened, sometimes decidedly 

 swollen, basallj'; nostrils on or below lateral median line of maxilla, 

 small, bored directh' into the horny rhinotheca; tarsus not longer than 

 culmen, equal to or longer than middle toe, with claw; coloration black, 

 with scarlet or yellow patch on rump (the tail -coverts, base of tail, and 

 a patch on wing-coverts sometimes also j'ellow), the bill whitish or 

 pale yellowish. 



Bill variable as to relative length and thickness, usually about as 

 long as head (never conspicuously longer nor shorter), elongate-conical 

 or cuneate, with the acute tip more or less decurved, its basal depth 

 less than half the length of culmen, its basal width decidedh' less than 

 half (sometimes less than one-third) the length of culmen; culmen 

 nearly straight (sometimes faintlj'^ depressed) in middle, slightly 

 decurved terminally, more or less elevated and arched (sometimes very 

 faintlj' so) basally, broad and rounded, especially the basal portion, 

 which is sometimes developed into a rather conspicuous "frontal 

 shield;" gonys straight or faintl}^ t'oncave terminally, shorter than 

 maxilla from nostril; commissure nearly straight for most part, slightly 

 decurved terminallj^, the basal portion slightly deflexed from behind 



1 " Von apxm:^ayoi, 6 nom. prop." 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 187 



loral antisv to the rictus — the poi'tioii iinmediatelj^ })eneath the loral 

 antise sometimes slightly convex. Nostril on lateral median line of max- 

 illa or below (in typical species decidedly below), narrow, longitudinal, 

 bored directlj- into the horny rhinotheca, usually more or less beveled 

 anteriorly, the posterior end in contact with feathering of the loral 

 antiee. Wing moderate to long (about four to nearly five times as 

 long as culmen, about four and one-third to five times as long as tai'sus), 

 its tip rather short to long (much less than length of culmen to much 

 more), rounded; ninth (outermost) primary shorter than fifth (shorter 

 than third in C. leucorhamphns, equal to first in C chrysonotus) ; eighth 

 to sixth or (in O. chrysonotus) seventh to fifth longest, the eighth, 

 seventh, and sixth or (in C. chrysonotus) seventh, sixth, and fifth nearly 

 equal; in tj^pical species the longer primaries gradually, but not con- 

 spicuously, narrowed terminalh'. Tail nearly two-thirds to more than 

 seven-eighths as long as wing, or (in C. chrysonotus) longer than wing, 

 subemarginate, double-rounded, or graduated (graduation always less 

 than length of culmen). Tarsus shorter than culmen to slightly longer, 

 about one-fifth to two-ninths as long as wing, its anterior scutella dis- 

 tinct; middle toe, with claw, slightly to decidedlj^ shorter than tarsus; 

 lateral toes with claws reaching to or slightlj^ beyond base of middle 

 claw; hallux shorter than lateral toes or (in C. leacorhainphus and 

 C. chrysonotus) about as long, but much stouter, its claw decidedly 

 shorter than the digit; all the claws strongly curved, acute. 



Coloration. — Black, with a scarlet or yellow patch on rump; some 

 of the yellow-rumped species with a yellow patch on wing-coverts, 

 some with also the tail-coverts and base of tail yellow; sexes alike in 

 coloration. 



Range. — Nicaragua to western Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, and 

 southern Brazil. (Eleven species, all South American, only two of 

 them reaching the Isthmus of Panama.) 



I have been strongly tempted to subdivide this genus by removing 

 at least C. chrysonotus., which diflfers strikingly in its weak bill, short- 

 tipped and much-rounded wing, long tail, and apparently different pro- 

 portionate length of the toes; but the only specimen of this species 

 that I have been able to examine is a young bird, and I can not be 

 sure that the peculiarities observed would be equally evident in the 

 adult. G. leucorlmmphm agrees in some characters with 0. chrysonotus., 

 though not to the same degree, and seems, on the whole, to be struc- 

 turally intermediate between that species and those with the tail-coverts 

 and base of tail yellow {C. j)ersicus, C. vitellinus, and C. flavicrissus). 



Cassicm albirostris Vieillot is also probably not a member of this 

 genus, and should without much doubt be placed in the genus Archi- 

 planus Cabanis, of which it is the type and only known species. Of 

 this species I have seen only the female, which is a very small bird 

 (less in size than the average Icterus), with a decidedly wedge- 




188 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



shaped bill, definite though slight superior operculum to the rather 

 large and high nostrils; weak feet, slightly rounded tail, and rounded 

 wing (ninth primary intermediate between fourth and third). Except 

 in its very small size it comes rather near the aberrant species ( C. leu- 

 corha7nphm and G. chrysonotus) in structural details, but has the bill 

 more perfectly wedge-shaped, with the culmen quite straight, instead 

 of distinctly decurved terminally. 



Without better specimens of O. chrysonotus and C. alUrostris, how- 

 ever, I am not able to quite satisfy myself as to the proper limits of 

 the genus, and therefore for the present leave them as defined by 

 Dr. Sclater. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CACICUS. 



a. Eump (also tail-coverts, base of tail, and patch on wing-coverts), yellow; culmen 



31.8 or more. (Colombia, including Isthmus of Panama. ) 



Cacicns vitelliniis (p. 188) 



aa. Rump orange-red or scarlet; culmen not more than 30.5. (Isthmus of Panama 



to Nicaragua. ) Caciciis microrhynohTis (p. 189) 



CACICUS VITELLINUS Lawrence. 

 LAWRENCE'S CACiaUE. 



Adult male. — General color uniform deep black, with a slight bluish 

 gloss in certain lights, the plumage of neck and body white at base 

 (concealed); lower back, rump, upper and under tail-coverts, and small 

 wedge-shaped patch on inner portion of wing, rich sa,ffron yellow vary- 

 ing to orange-yellow; basal portion of tail (mostly concealed by the 

 coverts) paler yellow, the shafts of middle rectrices, within the yellow 

 portion, nearly or quite white; innermost secondaries abruptlj' white 

 at concealed bases; bill pale grayish yellow or greenish yellow, some- 

 times darker (more olivaceous) basally; legs and feet black; length 

 (skins), 260.4-294.6(275.8); wing, 162.6-180.3 (172.2); tail, 106.7-117.5 

 (111.8); culmen, 36.5-10.6 (39.1); depth of bill at base, 15.7-17.5 (16.8); 

 width of culmen between loral antise, 7.9-9.7 (8.9); tarsus, 31-35.1 

 (32.8); middle toe, 21.6-25.4 (23.9).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the male but decidedly smaller, and the 

 black duller, especially on the under parts where usually more or less 

 tinged with olive on abdomen and flanks; length (skins), 226.1-254 

 (234.2); wing, 130-136.7 (133.4); tail, 88.4-96.5 (92.2); culmen, 31.8- 

 33 (32.3); depth of bill at base, 13.5-15 (14.2); width of culmen between 

 loral antiEE. 7.4^7.9 (7.6); tarsus, 27.4-29.7(28.5); middle toe, 20.3-20.8 

 (20.3).^ 



Immiature male. — Similar in coloration to adult female, but larger. 



Northern Colombia (lower Myiarchusgdalena Vallej'; Remedios, province 

 of Antioquia; Turbo; Rio Atrato, etc.), including Isthmus of Panama 

 (Lion Hill, Panama, etc.). 



' Five specimens. ''■ Six specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



189 



Althoug-h united by Sclater and others to C. flavicrissm Sclater, 

 this bird is nevertheless quite distinct, at least subspecifically. It is 

 decidedly larger than C. flavicrissm,'^ especially the bill, which is much 

 deeper and broader at the base and otherwise diilerent in shape, and 

 the yellow patch on the wing is conspicuously smaller (much less than 

 half as large) in both sexes. Whether the two forms intergrade or not 

 I am unable to state, not having been able to examine specimens from 

 intermediate territory. 



Cassicus Kteronotus (not of Vieillot) Casein, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 139 

 (Turbo and delta of Rio Atrato, n. Colombia). 



Casdculus icteronotus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama R. R. ) . 



Cassiculus chrysonotus? (not CaKxinis chrysoiwtux Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny) 

 ' Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 139 (Turbo). 



Casdcas persicus (not Oriolus pernio is Linnasus) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1864, 107 (Lion Hill). 



Casdais viteUiniis Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1864, 107 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence; also "Nicaragua"). — Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. N&t. Sci. Phila., 1867, 66 (monogr.; Turbo, Rio Atrato, and 

 Panama, Colombia; "Nicaragua"; "Mexico?"). 



Cassicus flamcrissus . (not Cassiculus flavlcrlsms Sclater) Wvatt, Ibis, 1871, 329 

 (Lake of Paturia, Colombia) ; 1872, 468 (syn.).— Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1871, 329 (crit.).— Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 158, part (monogr.); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 322, part (Lion Hill and Panama, Panama R. R.; 

 Remedios, prov. Antioquia, and Myiarchusgdalena Valley, Colombia). — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 441, part (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; 

 Turbo, n. Colombia) . —Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Myiarchusg- 

 dalena R. , Colombia) . 



[Cassicusl flavicrisstas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 35, part 

 (Colombia; Panama). 



CACICUS MXCRORHYNCHUS (Sclater and Salvin). 

 SMALL 'BILLED GACIQTTE. 



Adult nude. — Uniform deep black, relieved by a large triangular 

 patch of flame-scarlet on the rump; bill pale grayish green or dull 

 greenish white; iris white or pale blue; legs and feet black; length 



'Average measurements of the two are as follows: 



"Locality. 



MALES. 



Five adult males of C. viteUinus. . 

 Two adult males of C.fiavicrissus 



FEMALES. 



Six adult females of C. viteUinus . 

 One adult female of O.fiavimsms 



Wing. 



172.2 

 156.6 



133.4 

 119.4 



Tail. 



Culmen. 



111.8 

 101.9 



92.2 

 83.3 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



32.3 

 29.2 



16.8 

 16.3 



14.2 

 12.4 



Width 

 of 



culmen 

 near 

 base. 



7.6 

 6.9 



Tarsus. 



32.8 

 31.8 



28.6 

 27.9 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



23.9- 

 .22.4 



20.3 

 19.8 




190 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(skins), 212.1-228.6 (219.7); wing, 129-134.6 (131.6); tail, 88.9-95.3 

 (91.4); culmen, 28.5-30.5(30); depth of bill at base, 10.7-12.4(11.4); 

 tarsus, 27.2-28.5 (27.7); middle toe, 18-20.3 (19.1).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but smaller, with the 

 orange-red rump patch more restricted and usually rather more orange; 

 length (skins), 194.3-195.6 (194.8); wing, 109.7-121.4 (115.8); tail, 

 79.2-81.3 (80.3); culmen, 27.7-30.5 (28.5); depth of bill at base, 

 10.9-11.4 (11.2); tarsus, 24.9-27.4 (25.9); middle toe, 17.8-20.3 (19.1).^ 



Nicaragua (Greytown, Rio Escondido, Chontales, etc.), through 

 Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Veragua, and Isthmus of Panama, to northern 

 Colombia (Turbo). 



Cassicus uropygicdis (not of Lafresnaye) Cassin, Proc. Ai;. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 

 139 (Falls of Rio Truando, n. Colombia). 



Casmculvs uropygialis Laweence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama K. R. ) . 



Cassicuhis microrhynchus Sclater and iSalvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 

 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R., Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater). — Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 181 (Greytown, Nicaragua). 



Cassicus microrhynchus Cassiti, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 65 (monogr.). — 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 303 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica). — Zeledon, 

 Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9; An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 

 (Pozo Azul de Pirris and Pacuare, Costa Rica). — Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 162 

 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 325 (Chontales, Nicaragua; Peje, 

 Costa Rica; Santiago, Cordillera de Tol6, and Bugaba, Veragua; Lion Hill 

 and Panama, Panama R. R. ). — SALviNand Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 

 i, 1886, 442.— Cherrie, Expl. Zool. Val. Naranjo, 1893, 15; Expl. Zool. Costa 

 Rica, 1893, 30 (Lagarto).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 495 

 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, and Rio Frio, Costa Rica; habits, nest, song, ef*.). 



[Cassicus'] microrhynchus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



C'cicieas microrhynchus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (Cordillera de 

 Tole, Santiago, and Santa F6, Veragua); 1870, 190 (Bugaba, Veragua) ; Ibis, 

 1869, 319 (Peje, Costa Rica); 1872, 313, 317 (Chontales, Nicaragua). 



Genus CASSICULUS Swainson. 



Cam,ailus Swainson, Zool. Illustr., iii, 1827, 352; Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 

 436. (Type, Icterus melanicterus Vieillot. ) 



Medium-sized or rather large arboreal Icteridse, with head conspicu- 

 ously crested, bill wedge-shaped, tail nearly as long as wing, graduated; 

 the plumage black and yellow. 



Bill equal to or longer than head, cuneate, acute, with straight out- 

 lines, its basal depth less than one-third the length of culmen (about 

 one-half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), the basal width 

 much less than the depth; culmen straight, rounded, not deviated nor 

 expanded basally, terminating posteriorly in an obtuse point; gonys 

 straight, shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure straight to 

 behind nostril, where decidedly and rather abruptly deflexed to the 



'Six specimens, ^Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMKRIOA. 191 



rictus. Nostril slightly below lateral median line of maxilla, broadly 

 oval, bored directly into the horny rhinotheca, not beveled anteriorly, 

 the posterior end nearly or quite touching feathers of loral antise. 

 Wing rather long (nearly four times as long as culmen), the tip rather 

 long (about as long as culmen), rounded; outermost (ninth) primary 

 intermediate between fourth and third, the sixth, or seventh and sixth, 

 longest, the fifth but little shorter; inner webs of three or four outer 

 primaries rather suddenly narrowed toward tips but not appreciably 

 sinuated. Tail about six-sevenths as long as wing, much rounded or 

 graduated (graduation equal to about one-half the length of culmen, 

 or slightly more), the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus shorter than 

 culmen, its anterior scutella very distinct; middle toe, with claw, 

 decidedly shorter than tarsus, but longer than maxilla from nostril; 

 outer toe with claw reaching to base of middle claw, the inner decidedly 

 shorter; hallux nearly as long as inner toe, much stouter, its claw 

 shorter than the digit. A conspicuous crest of long, rather broad, 

 soft feathers springing from middle of crown. 



Coloration — Black (olive-slaty in female), with whole rump, tail- 

 coverts, most of tail, and a large pat(;h on wing-coverts bright lemon- 

 yellow. 



Range. — Western Mexico. (Monotypic.) 



CASSICULUS MELANICTERUS (Bonaparte.) 

 MEXICAN OACiaUE. 



Adult male. — General color deep black; rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 most of the tail,^ posterior lesser wing-coverts, middle coverts, inner- 

 most greater coverts, and under tail-coverts clear lemon yellow; bill 

 light grayish green or yellowish green (greenish white in life), some- 

 times drying darker, especially on basal portion; iris brown; legs and 

 feet blackish; length (skins), 274.3-333.9 (293.9); wing, 149.9-163.1 

 (155.2); tail, 126.6-137.2 (131.3); culmen, 40.4-43.2 (41.9); depth of 

 bill at base, 14.7-15 (16); tarsus, 33.6-36.6 (34.8); middle toe, 23.6- 

 24.1 (23.9).^ 



Admit female. — Decidedly smaller than the male and with the black 

 replaced by dark olive-slate above, deep sooty gray below; sides of 

 forehead usually more or less spotted with yellow; yellow of upper 

 tail-coverts tinged with olive; all the yellow rectrices more or less 

 edged with dusky or olive; length (skins), 236.2-261.6 (246.4); wing, 

 121.9-146.1 (132.3); tail, 106.2-126.5 (113); culmen, 34.8-40.6 (36.8); 



The middle pair of rectrices (except concealed base), and greater part of outer web 

 of outermost pair, are black; the remainder of the tail is yellow, though some of 

 the yellow rectrices have more or less dusky near tip of outer webs, the terminal 

 portion of inner web of outermost rectrices also sometime s partly dusky next to the 

 shaft. 



''Five specimens. 




192 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



depth of bill at base, 12.2-15.2 (13); tarsus, 30.2-34.8 (31.5); middle 

 toe, 19.8-24.1 (21.6).' 



Western Mexico, north to State of Sinaloa (Myiarchuszatlan, Rosario, etc.), 

 south through territory of Tepic and States of Jalisco, Colima, Guer- 

 rero, and Oaxaca (Barrio, Chihuitan, Tehuantepec City, etc.) to Chiapas 

 (Tonala). 



Icterus melamderus Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 389 (Mex- 

 ico). 

 Ciaciais} melaniderus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 342. 

 [Cassiculus] melaniclems Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 428.— Sclater and Sal- 



viN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 35. 

 Ciagsiculu/:] melamcterus Cabanib, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 186. 

 Casdculus inelnnicterusScLATEJi, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 380 (Rio Grande, 

 Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 129 (Oaxaca); Ibis, 188.3, 156 (monogr.); 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 328 (Tonala, Chiapas; Acapulco, Guerrero; 

 Presidio and Myiarchuszatlan, Sinaloa) .— Duqes, La Naturaleza, i, 1869, 139 (Guer- 

 rero, Mexico).— FiNScn, Abh. Nat. Yer. Brem., 1870, 263 (Myiarchuszatlan).— 

 Lawrence, Mem. Boat. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 278 (Myiarchuszatlan; Tepic; Colima; 

 Rio de Coahuyana; habits; descr. nest and eggs).- Lawrence, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 23 (Barrio, Chihuitan, and Tehuantepec City, Oax- 

 aca).— Salvin and Goilman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 443.— Ferrari- 

 Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 149 (Yanhuitlan?, Oaxaca). 

 Cmdciis melaniderns Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 66 (monogr.; Myiarchuszat- 

 lan; Acapulco). 

 Pslarocolius'] mdanicterus Waglee, Isis, 1829, 752 (Mexico). 

 Icterus diadematus Temminck, PI. Col., 1829, pi. 482 and text ( Mexico ;=female). 

 Cassiculus coronatus Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg, new ser., i, 1827, 436 (Temascaltepec, 



Mexico); Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 353. 

 Xanthomus coronatus Jakdine and Selby, Illustr. Orh., 1828, pi. 45 (Mexico). 



Genus AMBLYCERCUS Cataanis. 



AmblycercHs ' Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 190. (Type, Cassicus niger- 

 rimus Spix, = C. soHtarius Yieillot.) 



Medium-sized or rather small uniformly black Icteridae with short 

 and excessively rounded wing (outermost primary shorter than inner- 

 most) and tip of the wedge-shaped, light-colored bill broad "and con- 

 spicuously flattened. 



Bill about as long as head or a little shorter, cuneate-conical, com- 

 pressed, with tip broad and truncate in vertical but acute in lateral 

 profile, its basal depth a little less than half the culmen, its basal width 

 a little less than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; cul- 

 men straight, broad, and flattened, with parallel edges of flattened 

 surface not ridged, the base not elevated; commissure straight to 

 beneath nostril, where gradually deflexed to the rictus. Nostril below 

 lateral median line of maxilla, small, narrowly oval or slit-like, 



' Five specimens, 



• inve specimens. 



^ " a/j-fiXvi, stumph, u. KepKoi, Schwanz. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 193 



overhung by a convex horny operculum (nearly hiding the nostril in 

 A. holosericeus); posterior end of nostril touching feathering of loral 

 antise. Wing short (a little more than three to about four times as 

 long as culmen), short-tipped (primaries exceeding secondaries by less 

 than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla^), excessively rounded; 

 ninth primary shorter than first, the fourth to sixth longest; inner 

 webs of outer three or four faintly sinuated. Tail nearly as long as 

 wing, much rounded, the rectrices broad and rounded at ends. Tarsus 

 . longer than culmen, stout, the anterior' scutella very distinct; middle 

 toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus but equal to or slightly longer than 

 culmen; outer toe with claw reaching to or beyond^ base of middle 

 claw, the inner slightly shorter; hallux slightly shorter than inner toe 

 but much stouter, its claw slightly shorter than the digit, strongly 

 arched. 



Coloration.— \]nitovm black (more slaty black in females), the bill 

 light colored. 



-ffaOT^e.— Southern Mexico to Peru, Argentina, Paraguay, and south- 

 ern Brazil. (Three species.) 



While much alike in general appearance, the two commonly known 

 species of this genus are really very distinct in certain structural details 

 and may not be truly congeneric. A. solitarvus has the nostrils much 

 more open, those of A. holosericeus being nearly closed by the much 

 more developed convex overhanging horny operculum; A. soUtarius 

 has a well-developed crest of soft, decumbent, elongated feathers, 

 while in A. holosericeus there is no crest; A. solita/rius has the wing- 

 tip much longer, the primaries exceeding the secondaries hj about the 

 distance from the nostril to the tip of the maxilla, while in A. holoseri- 

 ceus they project for not more than the basal depth of the bill; in A. 

 soUtarius the outermost (ninth) primary is about equal to the seconda- 

 ries, the eighth being longer than the third, while in A. holosericeus 

 the ninth is very much shorter than the shortest secondaries, the 

 eighth being shorter than the first and about equal to the shorter sec- 

 ondaries. The remiges and rectrices are also more firmly webbed in 

 A. soUtarius. 



A. holosericeus " is a bird of singular habits, suggesting both an 

 Oriole and a Woodpecker. It hunts along limbs as patiently as a 

 Creeper, tapping here and there or pounding vigorously in its efforts 

 to secure food from cracks and crevices. In short flights it presents 

 a laughable appearance. It progresses by jerky wing-beats, and at 

 the end of each stroke the tail is thrown forward over the head." " 



' Very slightly exceeding secondaries in A. holosericeus. 



^ In ^. soUtarius. 



'Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist., viii, 1896, 280. 



3654^yoL 2—01 13 




194 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



AMBLYCERCUS HOLOSERICEUS (Lichtenstein). 

 PEEVOST'S CACiaiTE. 



Admit male. — Entirely black, most intense anteriorly, duller, and 

 usually more or less tinged with slate color, on rump, tail-coverts, and 

 posterior under parts; bill light olive-yellowish (pale yellowish green 

 to pale sulphur yellow in life), sometimes partly dusky in dried skins; 

 iris white or light yellow; legs and feet dusky horn color in dried 

 skins, plumbeous in life; length (skins), 200.7-264.2 (225); wing, 

 93.5-109.2 (101.6); tail, 91.4-114.3 (100.3); culmen, 28.5-33.3 (31); 

 depth of bill at base, 13.6-17.5 (16); tarsus, 31.8-35.6 (33); middle toe, 

 19.1-23.4 (21.3).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but decidedly smaller and 

 the black rather duller; length (skins), 190.5-233.7 (206.8); wing, 

 82.6-97(91.9); tail, 88.9-101.6 (93.2); culmen, 27.9-31.8 (30); depth of 

 bill at base, 12.7-14 (13.2); tarsus, 20.2-31.8 (30.7); middle toe, 19.8- 

 21.1 (20.3).' 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Myiarchusra), Vera Cruz 

 (hot and temperate zones), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca), Mexico (Valley of 

 Mexico), Oaxaca (Teotalcingo, Playa Vicente, Santa Efigenia, etc.), 

 Chiapas (Guichicovi, Huehuetan), and Yucatan, through Central 

 America to Colombia, Venezuela, and western Ecuador (Babahoyo, 

 Guayaquil, Foreste del Rio Peripa, etc.). 



Stumus holosericeus Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 1 (Mexico); 



Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 55 (reprint). 

 Caeicus holosericeus Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 262 (Guatemala). 



' Eighteen specimens. 



^ Seven specimens. 



There is a remarkable range of individual variation of dimensions in this species, 

 and some variation with locality, but the series is not nearly large enough to show 

 whether the latter is important or not. Averages of the specimens examined are as 

 follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Culmen. 



Depth 

 otbill 

 at base. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Four males from Vera Cruz and Puebla, Mexico. . 



Three males from Yucatan _ 



Three males from Guatemala 



Five males from Nicaragua and Costa Rica 



Two males from Veragua and Panama 



One male from Guayaquil, western Ecuador 



FEMALES. 



Two females from Vera Cruz 



Two females from Chiapas and Guatemala 



Two females from Nicaragua 



One female from Guayaquil 



101.1 

 107.4 



98.3 

 102.6 



97.8 



97 



93 

 94.2 

 92.7 

 82.6 



103.6 

 107.7 

 99.1 

 94.2 

 97.8 

 99.6 



98.3 

 94.2 



27.9 



15.2 



16 



13.5 



15.5 



16 



14.7 



13 

 14 

 13.2 

 12.7 



32.8 

 32.5 



31 

 31 



30.2 

 29.2 



21.3 

 20.6 

 20.6 

 22.1 

 22.1 

 21.6 



20.3 

 20.3 

 19.8 




BIRDS OF KOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 195 



Cassims holosericeus Sclateh, Ibis, 1883, 163 (monogr.).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Yucatan).— Taczanowski, Orn. du P6rou, ii, 1885, 

 415.— Ferrari-Pebez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusa., ix, 1886, 149 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



Amblycercus holosericeus Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 327 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz; Tonala, Chiapas; n. Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras; Choctum, 

 Duenas, and Retalhuleu, Guatemala; Irazu, Costa Rica; Santa F6 and Cal- 

 ovevora, Veragua; Lion Hill and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R. ; Bogota, 

 Colombia; Babahoyo, w. Ecuador; Aragua, Venezuela).— Sal vm and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves., i, 1886, 446 (Valley of Mexico: Teotalcingo, 

 Playa Vicente, and Santa Eflgenia, Oaxaca; Guichicovi, Chiapas; Yzabaland 

 Peten, Guatemala; Greytown, Sucuyil, and Los SAbalos, Nicaragua; San Jos(5, 

 Turrialba, and Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Calobre, Veragua; etc.).— Zeledon, 

 An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Pozo Azul de Pirris, LasTrojas, Ala- 

 juela, and Jimenez, Costa Rica).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 

 588 (Segovia R., Honduras).— Cherrie, Auk, ix, 1892, 249 (Costa Rica, both 

 sides up to 6,000 ft.); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, 1893, 30 (Palmar, Boruca, and 

 Buenos Aires, s. Costa Rica.— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 

 494 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits, etc.); xviii, 1896, 630 (Alta Myiarchusra, 

 Tamaulipas).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., viii, 1896, 280 (Chichen Itza, 

 Yucatan; habits). 



Amblyramphusprevostii Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1830, 159, pi. 54 (Mexico).— Gbrvais, 

 Atlas Zool., 1844, pi. 34. 



ICassicuhis'] prevosti Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 428 (Mexico). 



CassicMlus prevosti Solatbr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Mexico); 365 

 (Jalapa), 380 (Teotalcingo and Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); 1860, 276 (Babahoyo, 

 w. Ecuador), 293 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); 1864, 174 (Valley of Mexico); 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 129 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador; Colombia; Guatemala).— 

 ScLATBE and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 19 (Duenas, Guatemala); 1860, 34 (Duenas 

 and Ysabal, Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama R. R.); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1859, 57 (Peten, Guatemala). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 

 1861, 297 (Lion Hill); viii, 1865, 181 (Greytown, Nicaragua).— Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (Santa F6, Veragua) ; 1870, 190 (Calovevora and 

 Calobre, Veragua). — Sumicheast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (hot 

 and temp, regions Vera Cruz). 



Amhlycereus prevosti CA.sA.T!iia, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 10 (Costa Rica). — Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (San Jos6 and Turrialba, Costa Rica).— 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 302 (San Jos6, Turrialba, and Tucurriqui, 

 Costa Rica). — Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9. — Salvadori and 

 Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, 29 (Foreste del Rio Peripa, 

 w. Ecuador). 



Amblycercus prevostiiCAS&vs, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 73 (monogr.). 



[Cossicus] prevosti Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



Casdcus prevosti Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 23 (Guichicovi, 

 Chiapas; Santa Eflgenia, Oaxaca). — Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1877, 322 (Tumbez, Peru) .—Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878,58 (San 

 Jos^, Costa Rica). — Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1883, 552 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador; crit.).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 

 1883, 383; 1884, 402 (Sucuyd and Los Silbalos, Nicaragua). — Taczanowski 

 and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 86 (Bancs, Ecuador, 6,200 feet) . 



Ccmicus, sp. ?, Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 115 (Guatemala). 



Pslarocoliits'] nigerrimus (not Cassicas nigerrimus Spix) Wagler, Isis, 1829, 752 

 (Mexico). 



Almblycercusl nigerrimus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 190, footnote, part. 




196 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Genus CASSIDIX Lesson. 



Cassidix Lesson, Traits d'Orn., i, 1831, 433. (Type, Corvus (Cassidix) mexicanus 



Lesson. ) 

 (?) Scaphidurus (not of Swainsou, 1827') Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 



494. ( ' ' Type, Oriolus nifer Auct. )"^ 

 Scaphidura Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 272. 



Large, wholly black terrestrial or semiterrestrial (?) Icteridse with 

 long and pointed wing, rather long and rounded tail, stout black bill 

 with broad and flattened mesorhinium, and feathers of sides of neck 

 developed into erectile lateral ruffs. 



Bill about as long as head, stout, subconical, much more curved 

 above than below, its basal depth equal to about one-half the culmen, 

 its basal width decidedly less; culmen decidedly convex from base, 

 very broad and flattened basally, forming a more or less conspicuous 

 " frontal shield," ^ith rounded or obtusely pointed posterior extremity; 

 gonys nearly straight, about half as long as culmen, decidedly less 

 than length of maxilla from nostril; commissure nearly straight or 

 faintly concave to beneath the nostril, where strongly deflexed, with 

 a gradual curve, to the rictus. Nostril rather large, broadly oval, 

 horizontal, in lateral median line of maxilla or slightly below, its upper 

 margin formed by the overhanging edge of the broad mesorhinium, 

 posteriorly extending somewhat behind the frontal antise. Wing long 

 (more than five times as long as culmen, about four and a half times as 

 long as tarsus), the tip well produced (more than twice as long as cul- 

 men), pointed; outermost (ninth) primary longest or at least equal to 

 eighth, the seventh much shorter; inner webs of outer primaries 

 gradually narrowed terminally, but not appreciably sinuated. Tail 

 about three-fourths as long as wing, rounded, the rectrices broad at 

 ends. Tarsus much longer than culmen (about two-fifths as long as 

 wing), its anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with claw, about as 

 long as tarsus; lateral toes with claws reaching to or slightly beyond 

 base of middle claw; hallux much shorter than lateral toes, but much 

 stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit. Feathers of neck greatly 

 developed laterally and posteriorlj% forming a conspicuous ruff (less 

 conspicuous in female), with a bare or downy space immediately behind 

 on sides of neck. 



Coloration. — Wholly black, more or less strongly glossed with 

 violet, purple, or bronze. 



' = Quiscalus Vieillot. 



' Oriolus niger (Boddaert, 1783) is not a synonym of any form of Cassidix, but is a 

 Quiscalus; and Swainson' s diagnosis of his genus Scaphidurus certainly fits Quixdus 

 in part, the expression "tail graduated, boat-shaped" being exclusively pertinent 

 The description of the bill and wing, however, seem to fit Cassidix better than 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 197 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil. (Mon~ 

 otypic.') 



Notwithstanding resemblance to the Caciques and Oropendolas in 

 the broad and flattened basal portion of the culmen, the relationships 

 of this very strongly characterized genus are evidently much nearer 

 to Callothrus, with which it agrees in the remarkable neck-ruff (pres- 

 ent only in these two genera), and its parasitic habits. It differs from 

 Oallothrus., however, in its relatively much longer primaries with their 

 differently shaped inner webs, longer tail, relatively longer bill, with 

 broad and flattened mesorhinium, very much larger size, and other 

 characters. 



KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CASSIDIX OBYZIVOEA. 



a. Plumage strongly glossed with bronze or violet. (Adult males.) 

 6. Metallic gloss bronzy throughout (inclining to violet only on pileum and under 

 parts. (Tropical South America, except Colombia. ) 



Cassidix oryzivora oryzivora (extralimital)* 

 66. Metallic gloss chiefly or wholly violet, 

 c. Back bronzy; violet tips to feathers of under parts narrower; larger (wing 

 averaging 201.2, tail 152, culmen 37.8). (Colombia, including Isthmus of 

 Panama; Veragua?; Costa Rica?; Nicaragua?.) 



Cassidix oryzivora violea (p. 197) 



cc. Back violet, like rest of plumage; violet tips to feathers of under parts 



broader; smaller (wing averaging 189, tail 146, culmen 37). (Southern 



Mexico to British Honduras. ) Cassidix oryzivora mexicana (p. 199) 



oa. Plumage not strongly glossed with bronze or violet. (Adult females and imma- 

 ture males.') 



CASSIDIX ORYZIVORA VIOLEA Bangs. 

 COLOUBIAN RICE GRACELE. 



Similar to G. o. oryzivora.,^ but decidedly larger, and plumage of adult 

 male glossed with violet instead of bronze (bronzy on back or back and 

 neck-ruffs only). 



Advlt male: — General color black, but feathers of head, neck, and 

 body more or less broadly tipped with glossy violet, this uniform on 

 head, neck, and back (the last inclining decidedly to bronzy), but on 

 the under parts forming a sharply defined terminal band or margin to 

 each feather, the basal black conspicuously exposed, these violet tips 

 becoming narrower posteriorly, and less distinct on rump than on 



'The single known species differentiated into three or more geographic forms or 

 subspecies. 



' \_Onolus] oryzivorus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 386 (Cayenne).— C[assi&i;] 

 oryzimra Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 194.— Cassidia; oryzivora oryzivora Bangs, 

 Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii., June 30, 1900, 11 (in text). This form is introduced 

 into the key for sake of comparison. 



'The series of adult females and immature males is very imperfect, and therefore 

 I am unable to distinguish those of the several forms in the key. 




198 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



under parts; smaller wing-coverts, tail-coverts, and thighs uniform 

 black, or with indistinct bluish violet margins; larger wing-coverts, 

 remiges, and rectrices faintly glossed with bluish; bill, legs, and feet 

 black; iris yellow or yellowish white; length (skins), 303.5-355.6 

 (344.2); wing, 179.3-208.3 (201.2); tail, 135.4^159.8 (152.4); culmen, 

 from base, 36.6-39.9 (37.8); depth of bill at base, 17-18.6 (17.8); 

 tarsus, 45-48 (44.2); middle toe, 33.5-36.6 (35.6).^ 



Adult female. — Myiarchusch smaller and duller colored than adult male. 

 Black, with tips of the feathers of head, neck, and body indistinctly 

 tipped with more glossy violaceous-black; bill, legs, and feet black; 

 length (skins), 275.6-308.6 (284.2); wing, 154.2-161.3 (157.5); tail, 

 112.5-122.4 (117.3); culmen, from base, 31.2-34 (40.9); depth of bill 

 at base, 15.2-15.7 (15.5); tarsus, 39.9-40.9 (40.4); middle toe, 27.4r- 

 31.2 (29.5).' 



Immatwre male. — Similar in coloration to adult female, but larger, 

 slightly more glossy, and with neck-ruffs better developed. 



Colombia (Bogota; Myiarchusnuare, Myiarchusnca, Pueblo Viejo, La Concepcion, 

 and Palomina, province of Santa Myiarchusrta; Remedies, province of 

 Antioquia), north to the Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill, Panama, etc.'); 

 Costa Rica ?; Nicaragua? * 



Coisidix oryzivora (not Oriolus oryzivorus Gmelin) Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 142, part (Bogota, Colombia); Ibis, 1884, 165, part (monogr.); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 329, part (Lion Hill, Panama E,. R.; Myiarchusnca, Myiarchusnuare, 

 Bogota, and Remedios, Colombia). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. See. 

 Lond., 1864, 354 (Isthmus of Panama); 1879, 510 (Remedios, Colombia).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 201 (Myiarchusnuare, Prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colom- 

 bia, 2,700 ft. ) ; 1880, 123 (Santa Myiarchusrta) ; Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 444, 

 part (Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ; Colombia). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 

 xii, 1898, 159,' 178 (Pueblo Viejo, 8,000 ft, and Palomina, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 163 (Valparaiso, prov. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta) . 



' Twelve specimens. 



^ Four specimens. 



' Panama specimens are not typical, but incline more or less toward C. o. mexicana. 

 Their average measurements, compared with those of specimens from Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Bogota, etc., are as follows: 



* I have not seen specimens from Chiriqui, Veragua, Costa Rica, or Nicaragua. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 199 



ICcMyiarchusidix] oryzivora Sclater and Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 39, part. 

 Cassidix barita (not Scaphidura harita Swainson) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N Y 



vii, 1861, 296 (Isthmus of Panama). • ■ •> 



Cassidix oryzivora violea Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, June 30, 1900, II 



(La Concepcion, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, 3,000 ft. alt.; coll. E. A. and 



0. Bangs). 



The following citations are doubtfully referable to this form, no 

 specimens from the localities mentioned having been seen by me: 



Coisidix oryzivora Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 140 (Pallatanga, w. 

 Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 142, part (Pallatanga); Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 329, part (Chitraand Calovevora, Veragua; Jima, Sical, and 

 Pallatanga, w. Ecuador) .—Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 ■279 (Blewfields R., Nicaragua).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 191 

 (Veragua).— Zbledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10; Anal. Myiarchuss. 

 Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Costa Rica).— Taczanowski and Beklepsch, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 117 (Pallatanga).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat.- 

 Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 496 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).— Salvadori and Festa, 

 Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, 30 (Foreste del Rio Peripa and 

 Spondedel Rio Daule, w. Ecuador). 



Cassidix ater (not Cassicus ater Vieillot?) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1877, 323 (w. Peru). 



CASSIDIX ORYZIVORA MEXICANA (Lesson). 

 MEXICAN RICE CRACKLE. 



Similar to O. o. violea but smaller, with more slender bill; adult 

 male with more glossy and uniformlj" violet plumage, even the back 

 being violet (not bronzy), and the violet tips to feathers of under 

 parts broader, almost (sometimes quite) concealing the black basal 

 portion of the plumage; iris red.^ 



Admit male.— heagXh (skins), 330.2-355.6 (343.4); wing, 177-202.7 

 (189); tail, 133.4^151.6 (145.8); culmen, from base, 35.8-37.6 (37.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 16.3-17.3 (17); tarsus, 40.6-43.9 (42.9); middle 

 toe, 31.8-34.5 (33.3).' 



Admit female.— li&Txgth. (skin), 293.4; wing, 160; tail, 118.9; depth 

 of bill at base, 14.7; tarsus, 38.9; middle toe, 28.7.' 



Southern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Chichicaxtla, Santa Myiarchusria, 

 Myiarchusta Bejuco, Orizaba, etc.), and south to British Honduras (possibly 

 to Nicaragua).* 



Cassidix oryzivora (not Oriolus oryzivorus Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1858, 98 (Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 142, part (Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz); Ibis, 1884, 165, part (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 329, 

 part (Orizaba; Choctum, Guatemala). — Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 



' Sumichrast, manuscript. 

 ^ Six specimens. 



* One specimen. 



* No' specimen of this genus seen by me from the region between British Honduras 

 and the Isthmus of Panama. 




200 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



57 (Chilomo, Honduras). — Salvin, Ibis, 1861, 353 (Honduras). — Boucaed, 



Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 36 (Guatemala). 

 ICasMyiarchusx} orygivora SchATER a,nd Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 39, part. 

 Corvus [Cassidix} mexicanus (not Corvus mexicanus Gmelin) Lesson, Traits 



d'Orn., 1831, 433 (ex Corvus mexicanus Gmelin). 

 Coisidix mexicanus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 416 (Mexico; Central 



America; monogr. ). 

 C[assidix1 oryzivora viexicana Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, June 30, 



1900, 11 (in text). 

 Cassidix oryzivora mexkana Bangs, Auk, xviii, 1901, 370 (David, Chiriqui). 

 Casddix crassirostris? (not Scaphidura crassirostris Swainson) MooEE, Proc. Zool. 



Soc. Lond., 1859, 57 (Omoa, Honduras). 



Genus CALLOTHRUS Cassin. 



Callothrus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Myiarchusr., 1866, 18. {Type, Psarocolim 

 leneus Wagler). 



Rather small unicolored terrestrial Icteridse with bill shorter than 

 head, stout (basal depth more than half the length of culmen), the 

 maxilla shallower subbasally than the mandible; inner web of prima- 

 ries conspicuously widened beyond middle portion, the widened por- 

 tion terminating on second and third quills in a conspicuous tooth-like 

 point; adult male with a conspicuous erectile ruflf on sides of neck. 



Bill shorter than head, stout-conical, with upper outline decidedly 

 though slightly curved, its basal depth decidedly more than half the 

 length of culmen, its basal width nearly half the length of culmen; 

 culmen straight in middle, slightly convex terminally and basally, dis- 

 tinctly but not sharply ridged; gonys straight, decidedly shorter than 

 maxilla from nostril; commissure strEtight or nearly so about as far as 

 beneath nostril, then strongly and rather abruptly deflexed to the 

 rictus. Nostril small, roundish, partly surrounded posteriorly by 

 dense feathering of the frontal anti«, with membrane visible above 

 posterior portion only, and this nearly covered by the frontal feathers. 

 Wing moderate or rather long, more than four times as long as cul- 

 men, nearly live times as long as tarsus, its tip moderately produced 

 (about as long as tarsus), pointed or subtruncate; ninth, eighth, and 

 seventh primaries equal and longest, the sixth but little shorter; inner 

 webs of longer primaries conspicuously expanded beyond middle, the 

 widened portion on second and third ending in a distinct tooth-like 

 point or projection. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing, slightly 

 rounded, the retrices broadest terminally, with rounded or nearly 

 truncate tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than culmen, its anterior scu- 

 tella distinct; middle toe, with claw, equal to or very slightly longer 

 than tarsus; lateral toes with claws reaching to or slightly beyond 

 base of middle claw; hallux nearly as long as lateral toes and much 

 stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. Feathers of hind- 

 neck and sides of neck elongated, developed in adult males into a very 




BIBDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 201 



conspicuous erectile ruff with a naked or sparsely downy space (con- 

 cealed) immediately behind the lateral portions of the ruff. 



Coloration.— AAwM males bronzy black with a soft, silky luster, the 

 wings and tail glossy bluish green; adult females dull black or grayish. 



5a«,ye.— Southern Texas and northwestern Mexico to northern South 

 America. (Three species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CALLOTHEUS. 



a. Wings and tail strongly metallic (bluish or greenish). (Adult males.) 

 6. Plumage of head, neck, and body dark greenish bronzy, 

 c. Rump bronzy, like back, etc.; plumage of head, neck, and body roughly 

 silky; bill more slender. (Southern Texas, through eastern Mexico to 



Veragua. ) Callotlirus robnstus, adult male (p. 201) 



cc. Rump violet; plumage of head, neck, and body smoothly silky; bill stouter. 

 d. Larger (wing averaging 119.1, tail 84.8, culmen 23.1). (Northwestern 



Mexico. ) Callothrus eeneus senens, adult male (p. 203) 



dd. Smaller (wing averaging 108.7, tail 77.5, culmen 21.3). (Southwestern 



Mexico. ) Callothrus aeneus assimilis, adult male (p. 204) 



hh. Plumage of head, neck, and body lustrous silky brown. (Caribbean coast of 



Colombia.) Callotlirus armenti, adult male (extralimital)' 



00. Wings and tail not strongly metallic. (Adult females and young.) 

 6. General color black or very dark sooty, 

 c. Wings and tail glossed with bluish green. 



Callotlirus robnatna, adult female (p. 202) 



cc. Wings and tail not glossed Callothrus robustus, young male (p. 202) 



hh. General color grayish sooty or sooty grayish, 

 c. Faintly glossed above, the feathers of back, etc., with darker centers. 



Callothrus aeneus aeueus, adult female (p. 204) 

 cc. Without gloss above, and feathers of back without darker centers. 

 d. Darker, especially the under parts, which are unstreaked. 



Callothrus robustus, young female (p. 202) 



dd. Paler, especially the under parts, which are indistinctly streaked with 



paler, more yellowish, gray. .Callothrus aeneus aeneus, young male (p. 204) 



CALLOTHRUS ROBUSTUS (Cabanis). 

 EED-ETEB COWBIRI). 



Adidt inale. — Head, neck, and body dark greenish bronzy, the 

 plmnage soft and silky, but not smooth, presenting the appearance of 

 having been wet and imperfectly dried; tail-coverts blue-black, the 

 upper ones glossed with violet; wings glossy dark greenish blue, 

 brightest on greater coverts and tertials, less bright, as well as more 

 greenish, on primaries, primary coverts, and alula; lesser wing-coverts 

 dark metallic violet, the middle coverts violet-bluish; tail dark metallic 

 bluish green or greenish blue; bill black; iris red; legs and feet black or 

 brownish black; length (skins), 196.8-223.5 (206.5); wing, 111.8-120.1 

 (116.3); tail, 75.7-82.3 (79.2); calmen, from base, 22.3-23.9 (23.1); 



^Mlplothrm] armenti Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 192, footnote (Cartagena, 

 Colombia; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). This species, which I have not seen, is introduced 

 into the key for sake of comparison. It is the only known extralimital form. 




202 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



depth of bill at base, 11.9-13.2 (12.2); tarsus, 29.7-32.0 (30.8); middle 

 toe, 21.1-23.4 (22.6).' 



AdAilt female. — Dull black, the under parts, especially throat, some- 

 times dark sooty brownish; back and scapulars very faintly, the wings, 

 upper tail-coverts, and tail strongly, glossed with bluish green; neck 

 ruflfs much less developed than in the male; length (skins), 165.1-205.7 

 (186.4); wing, 97.5-106.7 (102.9); tail, 64.0-74.7 (73.1); culmen, from 

 base, 19.8-21.3 (20.6); depth of bill at base, 10.4-11.2 (10.9); tarsus, 

 26.2-29.7 (27.9); middle toe, 19.8-21.8 (20.8).' 



You7ig male. — Dull sooty black or dark sooty, the feathers of the 

 under parts of the body with more or less distinct narrow margins of 

 paler; mandible brownish basally. 



Young female. — Paler and grayer than the young male; above sepia 

 or grayish sepia, beneath paler and grayer, with indistinct paler nar- 

 row margins to the feathers. 



Southern Texas (breeding north to San Antonio), through eastern 

 Mexico (States of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Puebla, northern Oaxaca, 

 and Yucatan) and Central America to Veragua (to Isthmus of 

 Panama?). 



Molothrus leneus (not Psarocolius seneua Wagler) Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1856, 300 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); (?) 381 

 (Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 135 (Jalapa); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 334, part (Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Oaxaca?; n. Yucatan; 

 Chootum and Duefias, Guatemala; Orosf, Costa Eica; Calobre and Chitra, ' 

 Veragua). — Salvin and Sclateh, Ibis, 1860, 34 (Duenas, Guatemala). — 

 Owen, Ibis, 1861, 61 (San Ger6nimo, Guatemala; descr. eggs). — Cabanis, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 81 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). — Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1866, 18, part (Jalapa; Yucatan; Nicaragua; Costa Eica; Pan- 

 ama). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (San Jos6, Costa Eica).— 

 SuMyiarchuscHHAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 552 (hot and temp, regions, 

 Vera Cruz) . — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 191 (Calobre and Chitra, 

 Veragua); Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 265 (Guatemala). — Mebkill, Bull. 



' Fourteen specimens. 

 ^Fourteen specimens. 



Yucatan specimens compare in average measurements with those from other locali- 

 ties as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 203 



Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 88 (Fort Brown, Texas); ii, 1877, 85 (do.; habits); 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 130 (do.).— Boucakd, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 

 36; Proc. Zool. Soc. Load., 1878, 59 (San Jos6, Costa Rica); 1883, 445 (n. 

 Yucatan). — Beeweh, Ibis, 1878, 116 (Fort Brown, Texas; descr. eggs). — 

 EiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 130, part (synonymy; diagnosis); 

 ix, 1886, 151 (crit; Chietla, etc., Puebla; Jalapa); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 259.— GonES and Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 iv., 1878, 23 (Brownsville and Hidalgo, Texas; habits, synonymy, diagnosis, 

 etc.).— Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 396 (Lometa, 

 Texas; habits, measurements, etc.). — Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 

 90.— CouEs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 315.— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., V, 1882, 392 (La Palma, w. Costa Rica). — Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa 

 Rica, 1882, 10.— Feebaei-Pekez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 151 (Izucar 

 de Myiarchustamoras, Chietla, and Acatlan, Puebla; Jalapa, Vera Cruz) . — Ameri- 

 can Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 496. — Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 451, part (all localities except Myiarchuszatlan, 

 Presidio, Myiarchusnzanillo Bay, and mountains of Colima). 



IMolothrus] smeus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. 



Mlolothrus'] leneus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 403. — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367, part. 



Agelaius leneus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, 90 (Puente Nacional, 

 Vera Cruz). 



Icterus bonariensis (not Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin) Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1837, 116 (Guatemala). 



M[olothrus\ robustus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 193, footnote (Mexico; 

 coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.?); Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 81.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. 

 Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 367, part. 



C[allothrus'] rotastos Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589; 2d ed., 1896, 600. 



Callothrus robustus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 594.— Zeledon, An. Myiarchuss. 

 Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (San Jos6, Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, and 

 Alajuela, Costa Rica) .—Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. , 1890, 208 (Yucatan) , 

 212 (Orizaba). — Cherrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 334 (San Jos6, Costa Rica); ix, 

 1892, 250 (do.)— Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas, breed- 

 ing).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 496 (San Carlos, Nica- 

 ragua).— Bendire, Rep. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 1893, 599 (descr., geogr. range, 

 habits, etc.); Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 443, pi. 6, fig. 9.— Singley, 

 Rep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 371 (Rio Grande City; Hidalgo).— American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 496.— Chapman, Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., yiii, 1896, 280 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan; habits).— Nehr- 

 LiNG, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 246. 



CALLOTHRUS .ffiNEUS .ffiNEUS (Wagler). 

 BRONZED COWBIBD. 



Similar to 0. robustus, but slightly larger, bill relatively stouter, and 

 female very different in coloration. 



Admit male. — Hardly distinguishable in coloration from the adult 

 male of C. robtisfus, but rump violet, like the upper tail-coverts, 

 instead of bronzy, like the back, and plumage of the head, neck, and 

 body smoother and more glossy; length (skins), 198.1-228.6 (216.4); 

 wing, 117.1-121.9 (119.1); tail, 81.8-87.9 (84.8); culmen, from base, 




204 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



22.4-23.6 (23.1); depth of bill at base, 13-14 (13.2); tarsus, 27.9-30.2 

 (29.5); middle toe, 22.1-23.4 (22.9).' 



Adult female. — Above dark mouse gray, the feathers with darker 

 centers, especially on back and scapulars, where slightly glossed with 

 greenish blue; wings and tail grayish dusky, faintly glossed with 

 greenish, the feathers with narrow paler grayish margins, most dis- 

 tinct on smaller wing-coverts; under parts paler mouse gray, some- 

 times indistinctly streaked with darker, the chin and throat paler; bill, 

 legs, and feet black ; length (skins), 193-210. 8 (194. 8) ; wing, 101. 3-107. 4 

 (104.6); tail, 69.1-76.2 (73.4); culmen, from base, 19.3-20.3 (19.8); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.7-12.4 (11.9); tarsus, 25.4-27.9 (27.4); middle 

 toe, 20.1-21.1(20.6):' 



Young male. — Similar to the young female of C. robustus but decid- 

 edly paler, especially below; upper parts deep sooty grayish (similar 

 to under parts of young female of C. robustus), the wing-coverts with 

 terminal margins of paler gray; under parts similar but rather paler, 

 indistinctly streaked with dull olive-yellowish, the abdomen inclining 

 to the latter color. (Young female not seen.) 



Northwestern Mexico, in States of Sonora (Hermosilla) and Sinaloa 

 (Culiacan, Myiarchuszatlan, etc.) and Territory of Tepic (San Bias, Acapo- 

 neta, etc.). 



Faarocolius aeneus Wacjlek, Isis, 1829, 758 ( "Mexico" ; ex Icterus aeneus Lichten- 



stein, manuscript; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 426. 

 Algelaiiis] seneiM Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 346. 

 M[plothrus\ leneus Caeanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 192, footnote (Mexico).— 



RIDGWAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367, part. 

 Mololhrus snms Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 18, part (Myiarchuszatlan).— 



Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281, part (Myiarchuszatlan; habits).— 



ScLATER, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 334, part (Presidio, near Myiarchuszatlan; 



Myiarchuszatlan). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 451, part 



(Myiarchuszatlan; Presidio) . 

 \_Molothraa\ seneus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. 

 C[cdlothrus'] ameus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589, part; 2d ed., 1896, 



600, part. 



CALLOTHRUS ^NEUS ASSIMILIS Nelson. 

 LESSER BRONZES COWBIRD. 



Similar to C. m. cm,eus, but smaller. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 190.5-200.7 (196.1); wing, 105.2-111.8 

 (108.7); tail, 74.4-81.5 (77.5); culmen, from base, 20.8-22.6 (21.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 12.4^13 (12.7); tarsus, 27.9-29.5 (28.5); middle 

 toe, 20.8-22.1 (21.3).'' 



(Adult female and young not seen.) 



Southwestern Mexico, in States of Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra), Colima 



' Six specimens. ' Four specimens. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 205 



(Myiarchusnzanillo), Guererro (Acapulco), and Pacific slope of Oaxaca (Ta- 

 pana, province of Tehuantepec). 



Molothrus xneus (not Psarocolius aeneus Wagler) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1866, 18, part (Myiarchusnzanillo Bay, Colima).— Lawrence, Mem. Boat. See' 

 N. H., ii, 1874, 281, part (Myiarchusnzanillo Bay; mountains of Colima); Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 24 (Tapana, prov. Tehuantepec, Oaxaca ).-Sclatbr, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 334, part.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1886, 451, part (Myiarchusnzanillo Bay, etc., Colima; Tapana, Oaxaca). 



^Molothrus] senem Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. 



Mlolothrm'] ameus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367, part. 



Clcdlothrus'] imem Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589, part; 2d ed 1896 

 600, part. ' 



Callothrus smeus asdmilis Nelson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 266 (Acapulco, Guerrero, 

 8. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Genus MOLOTHRUS Swainson. 



Molothrus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 277; App., 1, 494. (Type, Frin- 



gillapecoris Gmelin, = Onofcs ater Boddaert.) 

 Molobrus (emendation) Sternberg, Journ. fiir Orn., xvii, 1869, 125. 

 Hypobletis Gloger, Hand-u. Hilfsb. d. Nat, 1842, 260. (Type, Fringilla pecoris 



Gmelin, = Oriolus ater Boddaert. ) 

 Oyanothrus Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Myiarchusr., 1866, 19. (Type, 



Tanagra bonariensis GmeHn. ) 

 Oyrtotes Reicheneach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 73. (Type, Icterm maxiUaris 



Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny, = Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin. ) 

 (?) Agelawides Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 15. (Type, Agelaius 



badius Vieillot. ) 



Small, semiterrestrial, parasitic Icteridee with short conical bill, 

 rather long and pointed wings, and plain or uniform coloration. 



Bill much shorter than head, conical, compressed, with straight or 

 nearly straight outlines, its depth at base about equal to distance from 

 nostril to tip of maxilla, or a little less, its basal width decidedly less; 

 culmen straight or very slightly convex, sometimes elevated and 

 slightly arched posteriorly, more or less flattened, especially between 

 the nostrils; gonys straight or faintly convex,. slightly shorter than 

 distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; commissure nearly straight to 

 near base, where deflexed to the rictus, the maxillary tomium some- 

 times more or less convex in middle portion. Nostril small, roundish, 

 or oblong, with membrane above and behind, its posterior end touch- 

 ing feathering of frontal antise. Wing moderate or rather long (less 

 than five to nearly seven times as long as culmen, three and a half to 

 more than four times as long as tarsus), pointed; wing-tip variable in 

 length, from less than length of culmen (in M. hadiAis) to more than 

 twice as long (in M. rufo-axillaris) ; tertials not produced; ^ ninth (outer- 

 most) primary longer than fifth, usually longer than sixth, sometimes 



The drawing of generic details is incorrect in showing a projection of the longest 

 tertial. 




206 BULLETIW 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



longest; longest primaries may be the ninth, ninth and eighth, 

 eighth and seventh, or seventh, sixth, and fifth; longer primaries usu- 

 ally with inner webs not appreciably sinuated, though sometimes the 

 first and second are faintly so; in one species {M. atronitens) the inner 

 webs of first four have minute angular projections, much as in Callo- 

 thrus. Tail from two-thirds to five-sixths as long as wing, even or 

 slightly rounded. Tarsus much longer than culmen, less than one- 

 fourth to nearly one-third as long as wing, the anterior scutella dis- 

 tinct; middle toe, with claw, a little shorter than tarsus; lateral toe 

 with claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hallux slightly 

 shorter than lateral toes, much stouter, its claws shorter than the 

 digit; all the claws acute and strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult males uniform black, more or less glossy, with 

 or without brown head and neck; adult females plain grayish or brown- 

 ish (usually indistinctly streaked below), that of one species uniform 

 black; young distinctly streaked below. (In two South American 

 species both sexes are plain brownish gray or light brown, with wings 

 largely rusty.) 



Range. — Temperate and tropical America in general, except West 

 Indies' and Central America. 



With the exception of three or four species, the members of this 

 genus agree very well with one another in structural characters, the 

 differences being slight and immaterial. Of these aberrant species M. 

 rufo-axillaris is most different, the wing and tail being proportionally 

 longer, the latter more rounded, and the bill rather shorter and thicker. 

 In this species, only, the female is black, like the male. 



In M. hadius and its near relative, M. fringillarius, the wing is very 

 short and rounded, exceeding the tail in length by less than the length 

 of the culmen ; the ninth primary is shorter than the fourth, the fifth 

 being nearly if not quite equal to the longest, and the nostrils linear 

 instead of rounded. In these two species the coloration is very differ- 

 ent from that of any other, both sexes being light brown or brown- 

 ish gray with the wings mostly cinnamon-rufous, and they are said to 

 be nonparasitic, building their own nest and rearing their young in 

 the usual fashion. 



M. atronitens has the bill relatively longer and narrower than the 

 other species, and the inner webs of the three outer primaries instead 

 of being very faintly or not at all sinuated have an angular projection 

 of the margin, much as in the species of Callothms, but much less 

 pronounced, and there seems also to be a slight development of the 

 neck-ruffs of that genus. 



The habits of some species are scarcely, if at all known; but, while of 

 the three species of the Argentine Republic two {M. bonariensis and 



'A South American species {M. bonarienm or M. atronitens) is said to have been 

 introduced into St. Thomas and Vieque. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 207 



M. rufo-axillaris) always lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, their 

 habits in this respect being quite the same as those of the typical North 

 American species {M. ater), the third {M. ladius) always builds its 

 own nest and rears its own young in the usual fashion. This fact, 

 taken in connection with the very different proportions of the prima- 

 ries and the peculiar coloration, alluded to above, may necessitate the 

 adoption of the name Aglaioides Cassin for a genus containing J/i iadius 

 and M. fringillarius. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF MOLOTHRnS. 



a. General color glossy black. 

 6. Head and neck brown. {Mololhrus ater, adult male.) 

 c. Larger (wing averaging 110.5, tail 75.2, culmen, from base, 18). (More 

 southern British provinces to plateau of Mexico.) 



Molotlirus ater ater, adult male (p. 207) 

 cc. Smaller (wing averaging 100.3, tail 68.8, culmen, from base, 16.3). (Mexico 

 and adjacent portion of United States. ) 



Molothrns ater obscuru3, adult male (p. 210) 

 bb. Head and neck glossy violet-black, like rest of plumage. (Guiana; Venezuela; 

 Trinidad; Tobago; Grenada and Grenadines.) 



Molothrus atronitens, adult male (p. 211) 

 aa. General color grayish or brownish. (Adult females and young. ) 

 b. Longest primaries exceeding secondaries by much more than length of tarsus. 

 {Molothrus ater, adult female.) 

 c. Larger (wing averaging 101.1, culmen 16.) 



Molothrus ater ater, adult female (p. 207) 

 cc. Smaller (wing averaging 90.7, culmen 15.) 



Molothrus ater obscurus, adult female (p. 210) 

 bb. Longest primaries exceeding secondaries by not more than length of tarsus. 



Molothrus atronitens, adult fem&le (p. 212) 



MOLOTHRUS ATER ATER (Boddaert). 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and upper chest plain brown (varying 

 from broccoli brown or drab to warm clove brown); rest of plumage 

 glossy greenish black, the gloss usually more violet (often distinctly 

 so) on upper back, next to brown of hindneck; bill, legs, and feet 

 black; iris brown; length (skins), 167.6-194.3 (179.3); wing, 105.4- 

 115.8 (110.5); tail, 70.1-80 (75.2); culmen, from base, 17.3-19.6 (18); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.7 (12.2); tarsus, 24.1-28.2 (26.7); middle 

 toe, 16.5-20.8 (18.5).^ 



Adtdt female.— Above brownish gray, faintly glossed with greenish, 

 the feathers with darker centers and blackish shaft-streaks, especially 

 on back; wings and tail more dusky brownish gray with paler edgings, 

 these nearly white on longer primaries; under parts paler brownish 

 gray or hair brown, usually more or less distinctly streaked (nar- 

 rowly) with darker, the chin and throat much paler (sometimes almost 



'Fourteen specimens. 




208 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dull whitish), and, together with the chest, unstreaked; maxilla brown- 

 ish black or dusky brown; mandible brownish, dusky at tip; iris brown; 

 length (skins), 154.9-180.3 (166.9); wing, 93.5-104.6 (101.1); tail, 

 61.7-70.4 (66.8); culmen, from base, 15.2-17 (16); depth of bill at base, 

 10.2-11.2 (10.9); tarsus, 24.1-26.4 (25.4); middle toe, 15.7-18.8 (17).' 



Toung male. — Above varying from dark hair brown to sooty gray- 

 ish brown, the feathers with narrow pale grayish brown and whitish 

 margins (these usually indistinct and often obsolete on pileum and 

 hindneck), the wing-coverts and tertials more broadly and conspicu- 

 ously margined with dull buffy whitish; under parts conspicuously 

 streaked with sooty grayish brown or hair brown and dull bujffy or 

 whitish, the latter on margins or lateral edges of feathers, the darker 

 color prevailing anteriorly; maxilla dark brownish, mandible paler; 

 legs and feet brownish. 



Young female. — Similar to the young male but paler, especially the 

 under parts, which are principally dull light buffy streaked with gray- 

 ish brown. 



Temperate North America in general, except portions of Pacific coast; 

 north to about 49° in more eastern portions, to 55° 30' (Little Slave 

 Lake, etc.) in the interior; west to British Columbia (both sides of Cas- 

 cade range), Washington, Oregon, Nevada, and southeastern Califor- 

 nia;' south in winter to central and southeastern Mexico (Jalapa and 

 Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Huexotitla, Puebla; Hacienda San Juan Capis- 

 trano, Zacatecas; Cozumel Island, Yucatan, etc.); breeding south to 

 Georgia (Wayne and Myiarchusintosh counties), Louisiana (Petite Anse 

 Island), and Texas (Harris and Bexar counties). 



Oriolus aler BoddaeSt, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 37 (based on Troupiaie, de la Caroline, 

 Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 606, fig. 1). 



[Molothms'] aler Gray, Hand-list,- ii, 1870, 36, no. 6507. 



Molothrus aler Coues, Check List, 1873, 43, footnote; 2d ed., 1882, no. 313; Bull. 

 TJ. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 667 (n. Texas) .—Baikd, Orn. 

 Simpson's Exp., 1876, 379 (Utah).— Ridgway, Field and Forest, 1877,' 208 

 (Colorado) ; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 258; Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 

 151 (Huexotitla, Puebla; crit.); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 310. — Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 123 (descr. young).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 



'Fifteen specimens. 



Eastern specimens and a smaller western series average as follows: 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 209 



i, 1878, 130 (Fort Brown, Texas, winter resid.)- — Chamberlain, Bull, i, N. H. 

 Soc. N. B., 1882, 41 (New Brunswick, rare summer resid.). — Spelman, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 121 (Belmont, Myiarchusssachusetts, Jan. 2; 2 specs. ). — 

 Damon, Auk, ii, 1885, 309 (Lookport, w. New York, winter) . — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 495. — Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 321 (w. 

 Myiarchusnitoba, summer). — Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 151 

 (Huexotitla, Puebla, Nov.).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 161 (dates, 

 etc.).— Thompson Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1891,571 (Myiarchusnitoba).— Attwa- 

 ter. Auk, ix, 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas; breeding ?) . — Bendire, Rep. U. 

 S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 1893, 590, pis. 1, 2, 3 (descr., syn., range, habits, etc. ) ; Life Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 590, pi. 6, figs. 3-6.— Spaulding, Auk, xii, 1895, 182 

 (Lancaster, New Hampshire, Jan. 18) . — Nehplinq, Our Native Birds, etc. , ii, 

 1896, 240, pi. 17, figs. 2, 3.— Knight, Bull. 3, Univ. Myiarchusine, 1897, 86 (Myiarchusine, 

 summer resid.) . — Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 106 (British Columbia, both sides 

 of Cascades). 

 Moloihrus ater . . . a. ater Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 501 (upper Hum- 

 boldt Valley, Nevada, Aug. 31 ; Truckee Reservation, Nevada, June; Parleys 

 Park and Bear River valley, Utah, June). 

 M[olothrus] ater Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2ded., 1884, 402.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. 



N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367. 

 [Fringilla] pecoris Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 910 (=female; based on Fringilla 



pecons Brisson, Orn., iii, 165, etc.). — Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 443. 

 F[ringUla] pecoris Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 23. 

 Emberim pecoris Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 145, pi. 18, figs. 1, 2, 3. 

 Passerina pecoris YiEihhOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxv, 1819, 22. 

 Icterus pecoris Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1824; Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 ii, 1828, 53.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 178.— Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 493, pi. 99; v., 1839, 233, 400, pi. 424. 

 Ps[arocolius'\ pecoris Waglbr, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 30, part; lais, 



1831, 527. 

 (?) Agelaus pecoris Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., n. s., i, 1827, 436. 

 Moloihrus pecoris Swainson, Fauna, Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 277. — Bonaparte, Geog. 

 andComp. List, 1838, 29. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 139; Birds Am., oct. ed., 

 iv, 1842, 16, pi. 212.— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 524; Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 400.— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1859, 365 

 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134, part; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchusg., 

 xi, 1886, 333, part (Cozumel I., Yucatan; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, etc.) .— Verrill, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 151 (Oxford Co., Myiarchusine, breeding) .—Oassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 17 (monogr.).— Trippe, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 

 291 (biography).— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 257.— Coues, Check List, 1873, 

 no. 211; Birds N. W., 1874, 180, part.— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 154, part, pi. 32, figs. 6, 7.— Gentry, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1874, 96 (habits).— Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 

 312, part (Provo, Utah; Denver and Pueblo, Colorado).— Myiarchusynard, Birds 

 E. N. Am., 1881, 131.— Bicknell, Auk, ii, 1885, 152 (song).— Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 450, part. 

 {Mololhrusl pecoris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 436.— Coues, Key N. Am. 



Birds, 1872, 155.— Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37. 

 M{olothrus'\ pecoris Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 192. 

 IMolothms pecons'\ a. pecoris Couks, Birds N. W., 1874, 180 (synonymy). 

 JKbtoftrus pecons Sundevall, Meth. Av. Nat. Disp. Tent., 1872, 22. 

 (?) \_Oriol'as'] fuscus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Brown-headed 

 Oriole Pennant, Arct. Zool., ii, 260). 



3654^voL 2—01 14 




210 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(?) [Oriolus'] minor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 394 (based on Petit Troupaile rwir 



BuHon, Hist. Nat. des Ois., iii, 221). 

 Fringilla ambigua Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Urn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 484 (= young). 

 Icterus emberizoides "Bosc!" Daudin, Trait6 Om., ii, 1800, 350 (= Oriolus fuscus 



Gmelin). 

 [Molothras pecorii] a. Subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 334, 



in list of specimens. 



MOLOTHRUS ATER OBSCURUS (Gmelin). 

 DWARF COWBIRD. 



Similar to M. a. ater in coloration, but decidedly smaller. 



Admit «!«/..— Length (skins), 152.4-180.3 (163.6); wing, 96-104.1 

 (100.3); tail, 61.7-72.9 (68.8); culmen, from base, 15.7-17.8 (16.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 8.^10.2 (9.1); tarsus, 22.9-25.4 (24.1); middle 

 toe, 16.3-18.3 (17.5).^ 



Admit /eH7a^e.— Length (skins), 142.2-160 (152.4); wing, 85.6-9 



(90.7); tail, 57.7-66.5 (62.2); culmen, from base, 11^15.7 (15); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.1-10.9 (9.9); tarsus, 22.4-23.6 (22.9); middle toe, 

 15.2-16.8 (16).' 



Greater part of Mexico, including Lower California, and contiguous 

 portion of United States; north to southern Texas (Cameron, Lam- 

 pasas, Harris, Tom Green, and Concho counties) and Arizona (Fort 

 Whipple, Mogollon Mountains, Tucson, Riverside, etc.); south to 

 Oaxaca (Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, Tehuantepec City, etc.), Colima (Myiarchusn- 

 zanilla Bay), Jalisco (Bolanos), etc. 



[(Sliw-n-us] obscurus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 804 (based on Sturmis novsc- 



hispanix Briason, Orn., ii, 448). 

 Molothrus obscui-ns Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 18 (monogr.; 

 Myiarchusraflores, Lower California; Colima and Myiarchusnzanillo, w. Mexico). — Cooper, 

 Orn. Cal., 1870, 260 (Cape St. Lucas; s. Arizona; n. w. ^Mexico).— Brewer, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 128 (Fort Brown, Texas; descr.' eggs). 

 [Molothrus'] obscurus Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 36, no. 6508. 

 [Molothrus pecoris.'] Var. obscurus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 155. — Hen- 

 shaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 312 (Gila R., Arizona). 



^ Sixteen specimens. 

 ' Fifteen specimens. 

 Specimens from different areas compare in average measurements as follows: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



Eight adult males from Arizona 



Two adult males from Lower California 



six adult males from southern Texas 



FEMALES. 



Nine adult females from Arizona, Lower Califor- 

 nia, and Sonora 



Five adult females from southern Texas 



Wing. 



100.3 

 102.4 



90.2 

 9L2 



Tail. 



67.3 

 69.9 

 70.6 



61.7 

 62.2 



Culmen, 

 from 



16 

 16 

 16.1 



14.2 

 15.2 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at ba£e. 



9.4 

 10.4 



23.6 

 23.6 

 24.9 



22.9 

 22.9 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



17.5 

 17.3 

 17.6 



16.! 

 16 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 211 



Molothrus pecorU . . var. obscurus Ooues, Check List, 1873, no. 211a. — Hbn- 

 SHAW, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 160 (s. Arizona). 



Molothrus pecoris var. obscurus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 32, fig. 8.— Lawrence, Mem. Bosf. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 

 280 (Myiarchuszatlan; Myiarchusnzanillo Bay; habits); Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 

 24 (Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca, Oct.). 



[Molothrus pecoris] b. obscurus Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 180 (synonymy). 



Mlqloihrusl ater var. obscurus Coues, Birds N. "W., 1874, 180, in text. 



Molothrus ater var. obscurus Merrill, Proo. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 130 (Fort 

 Brown, Texas; summer resid.). 



Molothrus ater obscurus Coues and Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., iv, 1878, 22 (Brownsville, Texas; habits).— Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 396 (Lometa, Texas; habits, descr. eggs, 

 etc.).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 182, 218, 232; Nom. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1881, no. 258a.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 314.— 

 Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 40 (Boerne, Kendall Co., Texas, 

 Jan., Feb.).— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 166 (Houston, 

 Texas, breeding).— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 200 (Tucson 

 and Santa Rita Mts., Arizona). — Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. JMyiarchuss., v, 1883, 

 546, 547 (San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower California); vi, 1883, 343 (Guaymas, 

 Sonora). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 495a. — 

 Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 151 (Puebla, Nov.).— Scott, 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 22 (Riverside, Tucson, Florence, etc., Arizona). — Cooke, 

 BirdMyiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 162 (Tom (ireen and Concho counties, Texas, 

 summer). — Mearns, Auk, vii, 1890, 257 (MogoUon Mts., Arizona, sum- 

 mer). — Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas). — Bendire, 

 Rep. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 1893, 597 (geog. range, habits, etc.)^ Life Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 441, pi. 6, figs. 7, 8. 



[Molothrus pecoris.'] b. Subsp. obscura Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 334, in list of specimens. 



M[olothrus] a[ter] obscurus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 402. 



M[olothrus] ater obscurus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367. 



(?) Agelaus pecoris (not Fringilla pecoris Gmelin?) Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., n. s., 

 i, 1827, 436 (near City of Mexico). 



(?) PsarocoZms pecons Wagler, Isis, 1831, 527 (Mexico). 



(?) Molothrus pecoris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 213 (Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz) ; 1860, 252 (Orizaba) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134, part ( Jalapa) ; Ibis, 

 1884, 3, part (monogr. ). 



Molothrus pecoris Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 333, part (City of 

 Mexico; Myiarchuszatlan). — Heermann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. iv. 1859, 52 

 (Fort Yuma, New Mexico; Texas).— Baird, Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. 

 Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 18 (Texas; Nuevo Leon, etc).— Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1866, 90 (Fort Whipple, Arizona). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 450, part (most Mexican references and localities. ) 



[Sturrms] junceti Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 326 (same basis as S. obscurus 

 Gmelin). 



MOLOTHRUS ATRONITENS (Cabanis). 

 GLOSSY COWBIRD. 



Adidt male. — Head, neck, back, scapulars, and under parts as far back 

 as flanks and upper portion of abdomen uniform silky violet-black, 

 the gloss rather more reddish violet or purple on the breast and sides; 




212 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



lesser and middle wing-coverts, rump, upper tail-coverts, lower abdo- 

 men, and anal region glossy blue-black, the first, also the upper por- 

 tion of the rump, tinged with violet; wings (except smaller coverts), 

 tail, and under tail-coverts glossy greenish black; bill, legs, and feet 

 black; length (skins), 165.1-185.4 (172. Y); wing, 93.2-98.3 (95); tail, 

 69.6-74.9 (71.9); culmen, from base, 17.3-18.5 (17.8); depth of bill at 

 base, 9.7-9.9 (9.7); tarsus, 21.3-22.1 (21.6); middle toe, 19.3.^ 



Admit female. — Pileum dark grayish brown; rest of upper parts 

 lighter grayish brown, palest (dark smoke gray or brownish mouse 

 gray) on rump, the scapulars and interscapulars with rather distinct 

 dusky mesial streaks; wings and tail dusky with grayish brown edg- 

 ings; under parts light grayish brown (hair brown) medially, darker 

 hair brown laterally, the chin and upper throat verj' pale hair brown 

 or pale buffy grayish; bill, legs, and feet black; length (skin), 150.9; 

 wing, 87.1; tail, 64.5; culmen, from base, 16.5; depth of bill at base, 

 8.9; tarsus, 19.1; middle toe, 17.3.' 



Northern coast district of South America, in Guiana and Venezuela; 

 Trinidad; Tobago; Grenadines (Curriacoa), Lesser Antilles; Vieque 

 (near St. Thomas), Greater Antilles (introduced?). 



Moloihrus atroniiens Oaeanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 682 

 (British Guiana) . — Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 576 (Trinidad).— 

 Pblzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 200.— (?) Berlepsoh, Journ. fiir Orn., 1873, 249 

 (Prov. Santa Catarina, s. Brazil). — Sclatee, Ibis, 1884, 6 (monogr.); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 337, excl. syn. part (Venezuela; Trinidad; Dem- 

 erara, British Guiana; Oyapoc, Cayenne; Mexiana I., lower Amazon).— 

 Stone, Auk, viii, 1891, 346 (monogr. ) .—Coky, Auk, x, 1893, 220 (Tobago). 



Moloihrus atro-nitens Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 36 (Trinidad). 



M[olothrus] atronitens Caeanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 193 (Cayenne?). 



IMoloihrus'] atronitens Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37. 



Mlolothrii.s'] bonariensis (not Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., 

 i, 1851, 193, part (Venezuela). 



(?) Molothrus bonariensis Coey, Revised List Birds W. I., 1886, 35 (St. Thomas; 

 introduced ?); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 124 (Vieque; introduced?), 



Molothrus sericeus (not Icterus sericeus Lichtenstein) Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 

 1862, 135, part (Trinidad).— (?) Newton, Ibis, 1860, 308, in text (Vieque, 

 West Indies). 



Lampropsar guianensis (not of Cabanis) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866,22. 



(?) Molothrus discolor (not Passerina discolor Vieillot) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1866, 20, part (Trinidad). 



Genus QUISCALUS Vieillot. 



QttiscaZMyiarchus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 36. (Type, Q. versicolor Vieillot, = OacM/o 



quiscula Linnaeus.) 

 Quiscala Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 18. 

 (ScopWdurus SwAiNsoN, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 437 (substitute for Qaiscalus 



Vieillot). 

 Scaphura (emendation) Gloqee, Hand-u. Hilfsb., 1842, 261 { = Qu,iscalus). 



1 Three specimens. ^ q^^ specimen. 




BIRDS OF NORTH ATSTD MIDDLE AMERICA. 213 



Medium-sized or rather large semiterrestrial Icteridee, with long, 

 graduated, and plicate^ tail; anteriorly truncated and very prominent 

 median palatal ridge; bill about as long as head and strongly decurved 

 at tip; color black, with various and strongly contrasted metallic (green, 

 blue, violet, and bronze) hues. 



Bill about as long as head or a little longer, elongate-conical, but 

 upper outline decidedly convex terminally and decurved at tip, its 

 basal depth less than one-half the length of culmen, but equal to or 

 more than one-half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, the basal 

 width a little less; culmen nearly straight (sometimes faintly depressed) 

 in middle, convex terminallj;^, with strongly decurved tip, elevated and 

 usually slightly arched basally, distinctly ridged but the ridge broad 

 and rounded; gonys straight or nearly so, sometimes faintly concave 

 terminally, sometimes faintly convex basally, slightly shorter than 

 maxilla from nostril; maxillary tomium slightly convex in middle, 

 slightly concave anteriorly and subbasally, strongly deflexed from 

 beneath nostril to rictus; mandibular tomium convex terminally, 

 straight or slightly concave in middle, more or less convex and ele- 

 vated opposite palatal ridge, then slightly deflexed for a short distance, 

 strongly deflexed from beneath nostril to rictus. Nostril more or less 

 triangular (obtusely pointed anteriorly), posteriorly in contact with 

 feathering of loral antise, overhung by a rather broad memfbraneous 

 or subcorneous operculum. Wing moderate (less than four to more 

 than four times as long as culmen, three and a half to nearly four times 

 as long as tarsus), the tip moderately produced (about equal in length to 

 tarsus or intermediate between length of tarsus and length of culmen), 

 subtruncate; ninth (outermost) primary intermediate between seventh 

 and sixth, between sixth and fifth, or equal to fifth; eighth and seventh 

 or eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest; inner web of three 

 outer primaries slightly but distinctly sinuated, but the middle portion 

 not conspicuously widened. Tail plicate, shorter than wing (the differ- 

 ence equal to about one-fourth to one-third the length of culmen), 

 graduated for a little less than length of culmen, the rectrices (except 

 middle pair) widest terminally and with obliquely subtruncated tips, 

 the inner web usually a little longer than the outer. Tarsus slightly 

 longer than culmen, with anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with 

 claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; lateral toes with claws falling 

 decidedly short of base of middle claw; hallux equal in length to 

 lateral toes, much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit; 

 claws only moderately curved. 



'Capable of being folded vertically so that a transverse section is V-shaped, the two 

 edges being brought near together when flying. On account of this folding and the 

 graduated form of the tip, the effect, when the bird is flying, is very peculiar, the 

 tail appearing as if much longer on one side than on the other. 




214 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Oolarat/o/ 1. ^B\sLcMyiarchush, with glossy sheen of various strongly con- 

 trasted metallic hues of green, blue, violet, purple, and bronze; the 

 female smaller and less brilliant in color than the male. 



Hange.— Eastern North America. (Monotypici)' 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF QUISCALUS. 



a. Plumage of back, scapulars, rump, and under parts of body varied with several 



metallic hues, dark bronzy green or purplish bronze prevailing; lesser and 



middle wing-coverts violet or purple, tipped with metallic blue, green, or bronze. 



b. Larger, except bill and feet; wing of adult male averaging 143.8, tail 135.6; 



adult female averaging, wing 127.8, tail 112; individual variation in plumage 



very great. (Atlantic coast district of United States, from eastern end of 



Long Island Sound to South Carolina; eastern Tennessee; occasional in lower 



Myiarchusssissippi Valley ?) ttniscalus quiscula quiscula (p. 215) 



bb. Smaller, except bill and feet; adult male averaging, wing 133.1, tail 121.1; 

 adult female averaging, wing 119, tail 106.2; individual variation in plum- 

 age very slight. (Peninsula of Florida and along Gulf coast to Louisiana.) 



Qniscalns quiscxila aglseua (p. 217) 

 au. Plumage of back, scapulars, rump, and under parts of body perfectly uniform 

 bronze or brassy olive; lesser and middle wing-coverts entirely bronzy purple 

 or purplish bronze. (Whole interior of North America and whole of New 

 England (except coast of Long Island Sound) and northward; south to Texas, 

 west to Rocky Mountains; occasional during migration along Atlantic coast.) 



Quiscalus qniscala' eenens (p. 219) 



When the real distinctive characters of Q. q. quiscula and Q. q. 

 ceneus are kept in mind there should not be the slightest difficulty in 

 recognizing them as very distinct forms. In the first place, it is impor- 

 tant to know that the color of the head, neck, and chest is not of the 

 slightest value as a distinctive character, since it varies equally in both 

 forms, from golden green to reddish purple. In Q. q. quiscula, how- 

 ever, the brilliant color of the head, neck, and chest, while often very 

 sharply defined posteriorly, gives way to a color which varies from 

 dark bronzy green to violet-purple, but always more or less broken by 

 other metallic colors, largely in the form of bars of diflferent hues upon 

 the individual feathers, while the lesser and middle wing-coverts are 

 tipped with a metallic color (blue passing through green into bronze 

 or golden terminally) conspicuously different from the violet-purple 

 of the basal portion. In-^. q. mneus, on the other hand, the brilliant 

 color of the head, neck, and chest (whether it be violet, blue, green, 

 or brassy) gives way at once to a golden bronze or brassy hue, which 

 extends, absolutely unbroken by other hues, over the entire back, 

 scapulars, rump, and under parts of the body (except chest), while the 

 smaller wing-coverts are either wholly reddish purple or else tipped 

 with golden bronze, never with blue nor green. 



Q. q. aglcBus is not distinguishable as to coloration from many exam- 

 ples of Q. q. quiscula, the differences consisting in its smaller size with 



'If Q. smeus be considered a subspecies of Q. quiscula, then the genus is monotypic; 

 otherwise it consists of two species. 




BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 215 



relatively larger bill and feet; but while Q. q. qukciila is so excess- 

 ively variable in coloration that scarcely two specimens are exactly 

 alike, Q. q. aglams is remarkably uniform, and the general color of 

 the back, scapulars, and under parts is always a dark bronzy green, 

 this' color being rather the exception in Q. q. quiscuin, in which more 

 purplish hues prevail. 



On account of the very slight individual variation of color in Q. q. 

 aglams and Q. q. miens and the excessive variability of Q. q. qiuscula, 

 together with the remarkable geographic distribution of the three 

 forms, which does not in the least conform to faunal areas, ^ Myiarchus. 

 Chapman has suggested,' and well-nigh proven, that Q. quiscnUt and 

 Q. cmem are distinct species, which interbreed in the district where 

 their breeding ranges come together, the former being of "pure blood" 

 chiefly in the form known as Q. q. aglwm, Q. q. qmscula being chiefly 

 a hybrid form. My own opinion in the matter exactly coincides with 

 Myiarchus. Chapman's; but since so many forms now ranked as subspecies 

 are similarly involved I prefer, at present, to leave the question in 

 abeyance. 



QUISCALUS QUISCULA QUISCULA (Linn^us). 

 PURPLE GRACKLE. 



Adnilt male. — Head, neck, and chest varying in color from metallic 

 reddish violet to golden green''; prevailing color of back and scapu- 

 lars varying from bronzy .purple or polished bronze to metallic olive- 

 green or bottle green, but this always more or less broken by bars 

 (mostly concealed, except on scapulars) of metallic green, blue, bronze, 

 or purple (or all these tints) ; rump varying in color from purplish 

 bronze to violet, the color usually more or less broken by admixture 

 of other metallic hues; prevailing color of wings violet or purple (the 

 primaries, primary-coverts, and alula usually more bluish, sometimes 

 bluish green); the lesser and middle coverts usually banded, more or 

 less conspicuously, with purple, blue, green, golden, etc.; tail dark 

 purple, violet, blue, or green, or (in worn or faded plumage) black 

 glossed with one of these colors; under parts (posterior to chest) me- 

 tallic purple, violet, blue, green, etc. , the color varying in different 

 parts, sometimes mixed with golden bronze; bill, legs, and feet black; 

 iris pale yellow or yellowish white; length (skins), 275.6-299.7 



' Q. q. smeus breeds from southern Texas to the Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, and 

 does not vary in coloration throughout this enormous extent of territory. 



^BuU. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist., iv, no. 1, 1892, pp. 1-20. This article of Myiarchus. Chap- 

 man's is a moat excellent one, and discusses the question of the relationship of the 

 three forms with a detail which is impossible here. It should be carefully read by 

 those who desire further information on the subject. 



'Whatever the general color of the head, neck, and chest, the anterior portion of 

 the head is usually more bluish than the posterior portion, but occasionally the neck 

 and chest are bluer than the head; the color is rarely, if ever, uniform throughout. 




216 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(285.2); wing, 137.7-146.8 (143.8); tail, 129.5-139.7 (135.6); cuimen, 

 from base, 32.5-36.3 (33.8); depth of bill at base, 12.2-13.7 (13); tarsus, 

 34.3-38.4 (36.6); middle toe, 25.1-26.7 (25.7).' 



Adult female. — Decidedly smaller than the male and much duller in 

 color, the metallic hues more subdued, sometimes very faint; length 

 (sldns), 236.2-256.5 (251.7); wing, 322.4-133.9 (127.8); tail, 101.6- 

 122.7 (112); cuimen, from base, 27.9-30.2 (29.2); depth of bill at base, 

 11.9-13 (12.4); tarsus, 32.8-36.1 (34.3); middle toe, 22.1-25.4(23.4).' 



Young. — Uniform sooty, rather paler below, where sometimes 

 showing indistinct streaks of darker. 



Atlantic coast district of United States, east of AUeghenies; north 

 to lower Hudson Valley and northern shores of Long Island Sound; 

 breeding south to uplands of Alabama (Greensboro, Anniston, Coosada, 

 etc.), Georgia, and the Carolinas, to Virginia (?) along the coast; occa- 

 sional on western side of AUeghenies, in eastern Tennessee (Roane 

 County, Myiarchusrch, April). 



\Qra(Mla\ quiscula Linnjeus, Syat. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 109 (based on Moneaula 

 purpurea C&teshy, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 12, etc., "America septentrionale) ; " 

 ed. 12, i, 1766, 165.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 397.— Latham, Index Orn.,i, 

 1790, 191. 



GraCula quiscola Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 44, pi. 21, flg. 4. 



Chlalcophanes'] quiacalus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 196. 



Slurnus quiscola Daudin, Traits d'Orn., ii, 1800, 316. 



Qluiscalus} quiscula Jordan, Myiarchusn. Vert. E. N. Am., 4th ed., 1884, 93. 



Quiscalus quiscula American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 511. — 

 Fox, Auk, iii, 1886, 318 (Boane Co., Tennessee, Myiarchusr., Apr. — Brewster. Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 208 (Charleston, South Carolina, 1 spec. Nov. 30). — Chapman, Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 3 (descr.; geog. range; crit.). — Bendire, Life 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 497, pi. 7, figs. 21-23.— Young, Auk, xiii, 1896, 

 283 (Hazleton, Pottsville, and Nescopeck, Pennsylvania, breeding). 



Qluiscalusl quiscula Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. 



Quiscalus versicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 488 ("North 

 America"); Gal. Ois., i, 1834, 171, pi. 108.— Bonaparte, Am. Orn., i, 1825, 

 45, pi. 5, fig. 1; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 54; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 

 28. — NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 194, part. — Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 35, part, pi. vii, fig. 1; v, 1839, 481, part; Synopsis, 1839, 

 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 58, part, pi. 221. — (7) Swainson, 

 Anim. in Menag., 1838, 298.— Haldemann, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1841, 

 54.— Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 555, part (Carlisle, Pennsyl- 

 vania; Washington, District of Columbia) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 421, 

 part.— SoLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140 (e. United States); Ibis, 1884, 154, 

 part (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 394, part— Coues, Proc. 

 Post. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina).— Turnbull, Birds B. Penn. 

 and N. J., 1869, 25 (Myiarchusr. to Nov.). 



IQutscalusI versicolor Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. 



Gracula barita (not of Linnaeus) Ord, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1818, 254. 



(?) Quliscalu^] m««?is Liohtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 18. 



(?) Quiscalus purpuratm Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 298 (North America). 



'Ten specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 217 



Qlwkcalm] purpuratus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. 



Quisccdus purpureus (not of Woodhouse, 1853) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1866, 403, part (ex Qracula purpurea Bartram, Trav. Florida, 1791, 290,= 

 nomen nudum). — Ridgway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 133 (crit); 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 183, 278; Nona. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 278.— 

 CouEs, Check List, 1873, no. 225, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 335; Birds N. W. 

 1874, 203,, part (in synonymy).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 214, part, pi. 37, fig. 1.— Merriam, Trans. Conn. Acad., 

 iv, 1877, 46 (Connecticut, summer resid.). — Myiarchusynard, Birds E. N. Am., 

 1881, 148 part.- Warren, Rep. Penn. Board Agric. for 1883, 214-217 (habits, 

 food, etc.). 



{(luiscaim'] purpureas Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160, part. 



Q,\uiscalus\ purpureus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 413. 



[Qaiscalus purpureus] var. purpureus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- 

 way' s Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 213. 



[Quiscalv^ purpureus.] Var. purpureus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N- 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 215. 



IQuiscalus purpureus] a. purpureus Coues, Birds, N. W., 1874, 203 (synonymy). 



(?) Quiscalus purpureus var. agleeus (not Qaiscalus aglims, Baird?) Brown, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 10 (Coosada, Alabama, resident) . 



QluiscaMyiarchuss] versicolor iypicus Sclater, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 394, in 

 text. 



[Quiscalus versicolor] a. Subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 395, in list of specimens (Pennsylvania; Myiarchusryland; Virginia). 



QUISCALUS QUISCULA AGL.ffi;US (Baird). 

 FLORIDA GRAGELE, 



Similar to Q. q. quisaila, but decidedly smaller (except bill and feet), 

 and coloration far less variable; adult male with, color of head, neck, 

 and chest varying from dark purplish bronze to violet (the head usually 

 more bluish); back, scapulars, and sides of breast dark olive-green or 

 dull bottle green, often nearly uniform, but always with at least con- 

 cealed bars of other metallic hues; rump varying from purplish bronze 

 to violet, usually more or less spotted with steel blue, bronze, etc. ; 

 abdomen and under tail-coverts dark violet, sometimes mixed with dark 

 blue; prevailing color of wings varying from violet-purple to steel blue 

 (the color most pronounced on greater coverts and secondaries), the 

 middle and lesser coverts more or less barred with various metallic 

 hues (as in Q. q. qmsaula). 



Acklt male.— Length (skins), 276.9-297.2 (286.2); wing, 129-135.9 

 (133.1); tail, 116.1-128.5 (121.2); culmen, from base, 31-35.1 (33.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.7-13.2 (13); tarsus, 35.6-37.3 (36.6); middle 

 toe, 24.4r-26.7 (25.4).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 233. 7-261. 6 (250. 2) ; wing, 116.6-124. 5 

 (119.1); tail,' 100.8-111 (106.2); culmen, from base, 29.2-31.2 (30.2); 



' Ten specimens. 




218 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



depth of bill at base, 10.7-13 (11.9); tarsus, 33.3-34.8 (33.8); middle 

 toe, 21.8-23.6 (22.9).' 



Peninsula of Florida, along the Gulf coast to Louisiana (Myiarchusndeville, 

 New Orleans, St. James Parish, Jefferson Parish, West Baton Rouge 

 Parish, etc.), and along the more southern Atlantic coast to South 

 Carolina (to Virginia?).^ 



(?) [Oriolus'] ludovieicmm Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 387 (based on Cassique, de 

 la Louii-iane, Daubenton, PL Enl. pi. 646; = albinotic specimen, probably 

 of this form). 



(?) Clilalcophanes} purpuraius (not Quiscalus purpuratus Swainson?) Cabanis, 

 Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept. 1851, 196 (Georgia). 



(Jularalus barUiis (not Gracula barita Linnaeus) Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 

 ix, 1858, 556 (Key Biscayne and Gape Florida, s. Florida), 925 (Indian 

 Key, s. Florida); ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 32; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no; 422. 



Quiicalm rersicolor (not of Vieillot) Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 146, part.— Tayloe, 

 Ibis, 1862; 129 ( Florida ).^Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 394, 

 part. 



Quiscalus aglams Baird, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, ser. 2, xli, 1866, 84 (s. Florida; 

 coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 404 

 (monogr. ). — Ridgway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 135 (erit.).— Baibd, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 37, fig. 2. 



[Quiscalus purpuretis.'] Var. aglseus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 161. 



Quiscalus purpureas . var. aglsms Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 225a. 



[Quiscalus purpureuxl var. agelaius Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 203. 



[Quiscalus purpureus.} Var. aglieus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1874,^221. 



[Quiscalus purpureus} c. aglxus Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 203 (synonymy). 



Quiscalus purpureus aglseus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 

 183; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1882, no. 278a.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, 

 no. 337. 



Quiscalus quisaxla aglseus Stejnbgee, Auk, ii, Jan. 1885, 43, footnote. — American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 511a. — Fisher, Auk, v, 1888, 

 113 (New Orleans, Louisiana, summer). — Brewster, Auk, v, 1888, 208 

 (Charleston, South Carolina, breeding).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val, 



' Five specimens. 



Louisiana specimens are larger than those from Florida, with decidedly longer 

 bills; but they must either be referred to the same form or recognized as a fourth 

 subspecies. In coloration they agree very closely with Florida examples. Average 

 measurements of the two series are as follows: 



^ Although Virginia is given as the northern limit of the range of this form in the 

 second edition of the A. 0. U. Check List, I do not know upon what authority or 

 evidence. I have not seen specimens from farther north than Charleston, South 

 Carolina. 




BIRDS OF NOKTH. AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 219 



1888, 174 (New Orleans).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 (Tarpon Springs, Punta 



Rassa, upper Caloosahatchie R., and Key West, s. Florida, breeding).— 



Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 5 (descr.; crit).— Wayne, Auk, 



xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding. )—Bendikjs, Life Hist. 



N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 500, pi. 7, figs. 24, 25.— Beyee, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat., 



for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (Louisiana, breeding). 

 Qluiscalus} quismla agl'ims Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 380. 

 (?) Quiscalua quiscula (not Ciraaila qiiiscula Linnaeus?) Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. 



Val., 1888, 174 (West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, breeding).— Beyer, 



Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (breeding in Baton Rouge 



and St. Tammany Parishes, Louisiana). 

 Qluiscalm] p[urpureus'] aglxus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 414. 

 Qudscalm versicolor aglsmg Sclateh, Ibis, 5th ser., ii, 1884, 154 (monogr.); Cat. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 394, in text. 

 Quiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse, 1853) Allen, Bull; Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 



1871, 291, excl. syn. part (e. Florida; crit.).— (?) Lanqdon, Journ. Cine. 



Soc. N. A., 1881, 150 (West Baton Rouge, Louisiana, breeding). — Myiarchusynard, 



Birds E. N. Am. 1881, 148, part. 



QUISCALUS QUISCULA .ffiNEUS Ridgway. 

 BRONZEI) GRACELE. 



Differing from both Q. q. quiscula and Q. q. aglceus in the perfectly 

 uniform bronze color of the entire body (except chest), and wholly 

 unbarred bronze or purplish bronze wing-coverts; about the size of 

 the former. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and chest varying in color from greenish 

 blue to purple, the neck and chest sometimes brassy green; rest of the 

 plumage perfectly uniform bronze or brassy olive, becoming more 

 purplish on wings and tail; the lesser wing-coverts uniform brassy olive 

 or bronze, and neither these nor the middle coverts ever marked with 

 bars of other metallic tints; length (skins), 276.9-317.5 (297.7); wing, 

 136.7-153.2 (134.9); culmen, from base, 30.7-33.6 (32.3); depth of bill 

 at base, 12.7-14 (13); tarsus, 35.6-37.8 (36.8); middle toe, 24.1-26.9 

 (25.4).' 



Adnilt female. — Similar to the male, but decidedly smaller and much 

 duller in color; length (skins), 235-269.2 (254.8); wing, 122.7-131.6 

 (126.5); tail, 105.7-113.3 (110.7); culmen, from base, 28.7-31.2 (29.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.2-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 31.5-34.8 (33.8); middle 

 toe, 22.6-23.9 (23.1).' 



Temperate North America east of Rocky Mountains, except Atlantic 

 coast district from shores of Long Island Sound southward and the Gulf 

 coast from Florida to Louisiana; breeding from Myiarchusssachusetts,' New 



' Ten specimens. 



■■' Eight specimens. 



' Myiarchusny, if not all, specimens from the coast of Myiarchusssachusetts are more or less inter- 

 mediate between this form and the true Q. quiscula, the breeding range of which 

 there adjoins that of Q. q- seneus. 




220 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



York,^ western Pennsylvania, the Ohio Valley (including western AVest 

 Virginia and greater portion of Kentucky and Tennessee), central Ala- 

 bama (?), northern Myiarchusssissippi and Louisiana, Texas (Bexar, Cook, 

 Navarro, and Harris (?) counties), northward to New Brunswick, Nova 

 Scotia, southern Newfoundland, southern Labrador, Great Slave Lake, 

 and Prince Albert, Northwest Territory; west to base of Rocky Moun- 

 tains in eastern New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming (west to Fort 

 Bridger), Montana, etc. During migrations, an occasional straggler 

 to the Atlantic coast district from Myiarchusryland southward. 



Quiscalus verncolor (not of Vieillot) Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831,35, part, pi. 

 7; V, 1839, 481, part; Synopsis, 1839, 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 

 1842, 58, part, pi. 221.— Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 285.— Nut- 

 tall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 'Can., i, 1832, 194, part. — Haymond, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 291 (Franklin Co., Indiana) .—Baibd, Rep. Pacific R. 

 R. Surv., ix, 1858, 555, part (Iowa; Red R., Myiarchusnitoba; localities in Nebraska, 

 Kansas, etc.), 927 (Fort Bridger, Wyoming); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 

 421, part.— Willis, Smithsonian Rep. for 1858 (1859), 283 (Nova Scotia).— 

 Vekeill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 151 (Oxford Co., Myiarchusine, breeding). — 

 Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan); 1863, 83 (bet. Lake 

 Winnipeg and Hudson Bay). — Samuels, Birds New Engl., 1864, 10. — Coues, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 285 (Lynn, Myiarchusssachusetts).— Snow, Birds Kansaa, 

 1873, 8.— Myiarchusynakd, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1878, 375 (Myiarchusine; New 

 Hampshire; Myiarchusssachusetts). — Sclatbe, Ibis, 1884, 154, part (monogr.); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 394, part. 



(.*") Chlalcophanes] versicolor CABAms, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 196. 



Quiscalus purpureus Woodhouse, in Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zufii and Col. R., 

 1853, 79 (Indian Territory; Texas; New Mexico; " Calif ornia ") .—Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 403, part (ex Gracula purpurea Bartram, = 

 nomen nudum) .—Coves, Check List, 1873, no. 225, part; Birds N. W.,1874, 

 203, part.— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 128 (e. Kansas), 138 

 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 61 (Fort Rice, 

 North Dakota; mouth of Tongue R., Heart R., and Yellowstone R., e. Mon- 

 tana).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 3d ed., 1875, 8.— Lanodon, Birds Cincinnati, 

 1877, 10; rev. ed., 1879, 11.— Bkewsteb, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 176 

 (Upton, Myiarchusine; descr. young).— MyiarchusChesney, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. 

 Surv. Terr., V, 1879, 80 (Fort Sisseton, South Dakota, Apr. to Oct.) .— Rathbun, 

 Rev. List Birds Centr. N. Y., 1879, 22 (summer resid.) .—Scott, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 145 (w. Myiarchusssouri).— Covert, Annot. List Birds, etc., 

 Washtenaw Co., Myiarchuschigan, 1881, 182.— Meeeiam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vi, 1881, 231 (Fulton Chain, n. e. New York) ; vii, 1882, 237 (Point du Monts, 

 prov. Quebec, Canada) .—Hatch, Ninth An. Rep. Geol. and N. H. Surv. 

 Myiarchusnn., 1881, 396 (Myiarchusnnesota) .— Myiarchusynard, Birds E. N. Am. 1881, 148, part.— 

 Chambeelain, Bull. no. 1, Nat. Hist. Soc. N. B., 1882, 42 (New Brunswick, 

 summer resid.).- Hoffman, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxi, 1882, 400 (Fort 

 Berthold, North Dakota).— (?) Hay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 92 

 (Memphis, Tennessee; Vicksburg, Myiarchusssissippi).— (?) Beckham, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 162 (Bayou Sara, Louisiana).— Ogilby, Sci. Proc. Roy. 

 Dubl. Soc, iii, 1882, 48 (Navarro Co., Texas, breeding; habits). 



IQuiscalus} purpureus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160, part. 



' Except the lower Hudson Valley. 




BIEDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEKIOA. 221 



Qluiscalus'] purpureus Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., ix, 1877, 62 (Union Co., Illinois). 

 —Boies, Cat. Birds S. Myiarchusch., 1875, no. 94. 



Quucalus ajrieiis RiDGW AY, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.Phila., xxi, June, 1869, 134 (Mount 

 Carmel, Wabash Co., s. e. Illinois; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Beewek, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 442 (New England).— Jon y, Field and Forest, ii, 

 1877, 156 (District Columbia, casual).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 

 1892, 3 (descr.; geog. range; crit.).— Brimley, Auk, xi, 1894, 333 (Ealeigh, 

 North Carolina, 2 specs., Nov. 14). 



[Quiscalm purpurem] var. aenem Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 203. 



[Quiscahis purpurew.} Var. ameus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 218. 



[Quiscalm purpureus] b. lenevs Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 203, in synonymy. 



Quisccdus purpureus, var. xneus Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 1873, 170, 

 in text (Fort Bridger, Wyoming), 184, 192 (Colorado). 



Qluiscalus] purpurem, var. xneus Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 112 (n. e. 

 Illinois, summer res. ) . 



Quiscalus purpureus . . . var. .Tncus Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 

 1873 (1874), 65 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 14). Brewster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 xi, 1875, 142 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia, breeding). 



Quiscalus purpureus . . . var. aeneus Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 

 1875, 324 (Denver). 



Quiscalus purpureus leneus Coues, Bull. IT. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 

 1878, 606 (Pembina, North Dakota, to Rocky Mts.); Check List., 2d ed., 

 1882, no. 336.— Roberts and Benner, Bull. Nutt. Ojn. Club, v, Jan. 1880, 

 15 (Grant and Traverse counties, Myiarchusnnesota, breeding). — Ridgway, Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 2786.— Langdon, Journ., Cine. Soc. N. H., 1880, 

 125 (Brookville, Indiana, Dec, Jan., Feb.). — Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vi, 1881, 181 (carnivorous habits). — Batchelder, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vii, 1882, 149 (upper St. Johns R., Myiarchusine and New Brunswick, breed- 

 ing). — Nehkling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 167 (Houston, Texas, 

 breeding abundantly). — Chamberlain, Bull. no. 1, Nat. Hist. Soc. New 

 Bruns., 1882, 42 (New Brunswick, summer resident). 



Qluiscalus] plurpureus] smeus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 413. 



Qluiscalus] versicolor, var. leneus Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 375 

 (Illinois) . 



Quiscalus versicolor xaeus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, Sept. 4, 1880, 218. — 

 Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 154. 



Quhcalus quiscula leneus Stejneger, Auk, ii, Jan., 1885, 43, footnote. — American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 5116. — Fox, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 319 (Roane Co., e. Tennessee).— Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 291 (Tom Green 

 and Concho counties, Texas, not breeding). — Beckham, Auk, iv, 1887, 302 

 (Bayou Sara, Louisiana, Apr.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 672 (San 

 Antonio and Beeville, Texas, winter). — Loomis, Auk; v, 1888, 113 (Chester 

 Co. , South Carolina, 2 specimens,'Nov. ) ; viii, 1891, 167 (do. , Nov. 1 to Feb.) .— 

 Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 174 (wintering regularly n. to s. Illinois, 

 occasionally to Myiarchusnnesota; dates, etc.). — Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 

 326.— Clarke, Auk, vii, 1890, 322 (Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay).— Palmer 

 (W.), Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 263 (St. Johns, Newfoundland).— 

 Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1891, 582 (Myiarchusnitoba; habits).— 

 Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 238 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding).— Rhoads, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 109 (San Antonio, breeding).- Nutting, 

 Bull. Lab. N. H. Univ. Iowa, ii, 1893, 274 (Grand Rapids and Chemawawin, 




222 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



lower Saskatchewan, very abundant).— Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 1.0 (Prince 

 Edward I., breeding).— Todd, Auk, x, 1893, 39 (Indiana and Clearfield 

 counties, w. Pennsylvania, breeding) .—Bkimley, Auk, x, 1893, 242 (Bun- 

 combe Co., North Carolina, Myiarchusr. 16; Raleigh, Nov. 26).— Deacon, Biol. 

 Rev. Ontario, i, 1894, 69 (Prince Albert, Northwest Territory, very abt., 

 breeding; descr. nest and eggs).— Tiiokne, Auk, xii, 1895, 216 (Fort Keogh, 

 Montana, breeding).— Piers, Trans. Nova Scot. Inst. ScL, ser. 2, i, 1895, 407 

 (Nova Scotia, rare).— Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 501, pi. 7, 

 figs. 26, 27 (eggs).— Baily, Auk, xiii, 1896, 294 (Elk Co., w. Pennsylvania, 

 breeding).— CooKE, Birds Col., 1897, 95 (Colorado, summer resid. e. of 

 mts.).— Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 135 (Spruce belt, West Virginia).— Beyer, 

 Proc, Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 106 (breeding near Myiarchusdisonville, 

 St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana). 



Qluiscalus] quiscula laieus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 380. 



l^Quhcalus versicolor'] b. Subsp. xnea Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 395, in list of specimens (Pembina, Dakota; Fort Dufferin, and Fort Simp- 

 son, Brit. America; "Arctic America"). 



Quiscalus quiscula (not Gracula quiscula Linnwus) Brittaix and Cox, Auk, v, 

 1889, 117 (Restigouche Valley, New Brunswick).— Hatch, Birds Myiarchusnnesota, 

 1892, 288.— Nehbling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 304, part, pi. 17, 

 fig. 6. 



Genus HOLOQUISCALUS Cassin. 



{'!)Scaphidurus (not of Swainson, 1827) Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 

 App. 1, 494. (Type, " Oriolusniger Auct," i. e., of Boddaert?)' 



Holoquiscalus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, 1866, 404. (Type, 

 Gracula barita Linnaeus, ^ Sturnus jamaicemis Daudin?) 



Medium-sized or rather small semiterrestrial Icteridse with plicate 

 tail ^ (decidedly shorter than wing and graduated for much less than 

 one-third, usually less than one-fourth, its length), and with the median 

 palatal ridge beveled off anteriorly. 



Bill about as long as head, elongate-conical, with tip more or less 

 decurved, its depth at base much less than one-half the exposed culmen, 

 little if any more (usually slightly less) than half the distance from 

 nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width a little less; culmen nearly 

 straight to near tip, where riiore or less strongly decurved, the basal 

 portion sometimes slightly elevated and arched; the culmen ridged, 

 the ridge narrow but rounded; gonys nearly straight, slightly but 

 decidedly shorter than maxilla from nostril; maxillary tomium more 



' The characters given apply only in part to this genus. This citation of Scaphidu- 

 rus Swainson is placed by Sclater (Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, p. 329) under Cas- 

 sidix, but while the description of the bill in Swainson's diagnosis applies well 

 enough to Cassidix, the phrase "tail graduated, boat-shaped," certainly does not, but 

 evidently doee to a member of the Quigcaline group. 



^In H. gundlachii, at least, the tail is said to be "permanently keeled; thatia, ia. 

 wedge-shaped even when the bird is at rest. In flying it ia expanded Vertically, and 

 measures 4 to 5 inches in depth at the tip. This gives them a most ludicrous appear- 

 ance, which is heightened by their fluttering, labored flight. Indeed, when on the 

 wing they resemble miniature flying machines." (Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss., iv, 

 1892, p. 306. ) 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMKEICA. 223 



or less concave terminally, straight or .slightly convex in middle, 

 slightly but sometimes rather abruptly deflexed Jfor the rictal portion; 

 mandibular tomium straight in middle portion, more or less decurved 

 or convex terminally, more or less strongly deflexed basally; median 

 palatal ridge beveled anteriorly (as in Megaquiscalus). Nostril rather 

 large, broadly ovoid, obtusely pointed anteriorly, posteriorly in con- 

 tact with feathering of the loral antite, overhung by a broad and dis- 

 tinct membranous or subcorneous operculum. Wing moderate (a little 

 less to a little more than four times as long as culmen, about three and 

 one-fourth to three and three-fourths times as long as tarsus), its tip 

 moderately produced (by less than two-thirds to nearly as long as cul- 

 men), rounded; ninth (outermost) primary intermediate between sixth 

 and fifth or between fifth and fourth, the eighth and seventh or 

 seventh and sixth longest; three or four outer primaries with inner 

 webs distinctly emarginated and very broad anterior to the emargina- 

 tion. Tail decidedly shorter than wing (about equal to distance from 

 bend of wing to end of longest secondaries), plicate (as in Quiscalus 

 s^xdi Megaquiscalus) , moderately graduated (graduation less than length 

 of culmen and little, if an 3% more than one-fourth the length of middle 

 rectrices), the inner webs not longer than the outer. Tarsus decidedly 

 longer than culmen, its anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with 

 claw, equal to or shorter (sometimes decidedly shorter) than tarsus; 

 lateral toes with claws falling decidedly short of base of middle claw; 

 hallux equal in length to lateral toes, much stouter, its claw decidedly 

 shorter than the digit; claws moderately to rather strongly curved, 

 acute. 



Colm'atian. — Adult males entirely glossy black (the gloss violet or 

 bluish, more greenish on wings and tail); adult females similar to 

 males in species of the Greater Antilles, more or less different (more 

 brownish, often quite pale below) in species of the Lesser Antilles and 

 northern South America. 



Range. — West Indies; northern coast of South America. 



This mainly West Indian genus, being definable by structural char- 

 acters, seems sufficientl}^ distinct from both Quiscalus and Megaquis- 

 calus to warrant its recognition. From Quiscalus it differs conspicu- 

 ously in the form of the median palatal ridge, which, instead of being 

 highest, truncate, and angular anteriorly, is slanted or beveled off 

 anteriorly and highest in the middle, as in Megaquiscalus; straighter 

 commissure; inner webs of primaries much broader in middle portion 

 (except in South American species); the middle toe and claw as long 

 as the tarsus (in typical species) instead of decidedly shorter; besides 

 which the adult males are plain blue-black or violet-black, and the 

 females, in some species, very differently colored from the males. In 

 respect to the shape of the palatal ridge, the narrower bill with 

 straighter commissure, and the uniform blue or violet-black coloration 




224 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



and (except in some species) very different coloration of the sexes, 

 there is greater resemblance to Megaquiscalus than to Quiscahis, but 

 the points of difference from the former are sufficiently numerous. 

 The tail is relatively shorter and far less graduated than in Mega- 

 quiscalus, the difference in length between lateral and median rectrices 

 amounting to little, if any, more (usually less) than one-fourth of the 

 length of the middle rectrices, instead of between one-third and one- 

 half their length; the tarsus is shorter compared with the middle toe; 

 the inner webs of the primaries much broader in the middle or just 

 beyond the middle portion, the eighth, seventh, sixth, and fifth having 

 their inner webs much broader at that portion immediately preceding 

 the sinuation.' 



On the whole, Iloloquiscalus may be considered as a fairly well 

 characterized genus, in some respects intermediate in structure between 

 Quiscalus and Megaquiscalus, but much nearer to the latter, and nearly 

 connected with it by the more or less intermediate southern species of 

 the two groups {H. Itigubris, H. irisularis, and M. nicarag^iensis). 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OP HOLOQUISCALUS. 



a. Color uniform black (with or without violet, bluish, or greenish gloss). 

 h. Wing more than 109 mm. (or else culmen, from base, more than 27.9). 

 c. Wing not less than 147. 

 rf. Head, nect, and body distinctly glossed with violet, the wings and tail 

 with bluish green; bill strongly decurved at tip. 

 e. Culmen, from base, 35.6-40.6 (averaging 37.3), the bill more slender; 

 violet gloss more distinct. (Cuba.) 



Holoqniscalns gundlachii, adult male (p. 226) 



ee. Culmen, from base, 33-35.6 (averaging 34.5), the bill stouter; violetgloas 



less distinct. (Jamaica. ) .Holoqniscalus jamaicenais, adult male (p. 227) 



dd. Head, neck, and body with very faint or scarcely perceptible violet gloss; 



wings and tail without distinct, if any, greenish gloss; tip of bill very 



slightly decurved. (Haiti.) Holoquiscalua niger, adult male (p. 228) 



cc. AVing not more than 134.6. 

 d. Plumage not distinctly, if at all, glossed. 

 e. Culmen, from base, 32.5 or more. 



Holoquiscalns gundlachii, adult female (p. 226) 

 ee. Culmen, from base, not more than 30.8. 

 /. Bill stouter, distinctly decurved at tip. 



ff. Wing, 127.5-130 Holoquisoalus jamaiceusis, adult female (p. 227) 



(jg. Wing, 108.7-116.3. . .Holoquiscalua brachypterua, adult female (p. 227) 

 ff. Bill more slender, very slightly decurved at tip. 



Holoquiacalua niger, adult female (p. 228) 

 dd. Plumage distinctly glossed with violet or bluish (more greenish on wings 

 and tail), 

 e. Wings glossed, more or less, with greenish; culmen decidedly decurved 

 terminally. 



' This character is not entirely diagnostic, a single species of Megagumalus [M. 

 nicaraguemis) having the inner webs of the longer primaries of exactly the same 

 shape, even to a greater degree, while one species of Holoquisccdus (H. lugubris) has 

 the inner webs of normal form, as in Quisccdus and typical Megaquiscalus. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 225 



/. Wing not less than 129.5 (129.5-134.6). 



g. Head, neck, and body glossed with violet or purplish violet; wings 

 very faintly glossed with greenish; tip of bill more decurved. 



(Porto Rico. ) Holoquiscalns brachypterus, adult male ( p. 228) 



gg. Head, neck, and body glossed with violet-bluish; wings strongly 

 glossed with greenish ; tip of bill less decurved. ( Grand Cayman. ) 

 Holoquiscalua caymanensia, adult male (p. 229) 

 /. Wing less than 129.5 (117.6-127.5). 



g. Culmen, from base, more than 33 (35.6 or more). (Grenada.) 



Holoquiscalus lumiuosus, adult male (p. 232) 

 gg. Culmen, from base, less than 33. 

 h. Wing more than 116.8. 

 )' . Larger (wing averaging 126, tail 107, culmen 30. 9) . ( Santa Lucia. ) 

 HoloquiscaluB inflexirostris, adult male (p. 230) 

 ii. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 121.9, tail 98.3, or cul- 

 men 30.2). 

 ;. Bill relatively thicker, less decurved terminally. 

 A. Wing averaging 120.7. (Myiarchusrtinique.) 



Holoquiscalus martinicensis/ adult male (p. 231) 

 kk. Wing averaging 121.9. (Guadeloupe.) 



Holoquiscalus guadeloupensis, adult male (p 232) 

 jj. Bill relatively more slender, more decurved terminally. (Myiarchusr- 

 garita Island, Venezuela. ) 



Holoquiscalua insularia, adult male (extralimital)^ 



hh. Wing less than 116.8. 



i. Wing more than 109.2 (110.2-115.6); bill more slender (depth at 



base, 9.6-9.9). (Coastof Venezuela; Guiana; Trinidad; Tobago. ) 



Holoquiscalus lugubria, adult male (extralimita!)' 



ii. Wing less than 109.2 (104.4-109); bill stouter (depth at base, 



10.9-11.7.) (Barbados.) 



Holoquiscalus fortirostris, adult male (p. 229) 

 ee. Wings (except edges of primaries) glossed with purple or violet; culmen 

 very slightly decurved at tip. (Habitat unknown.) 



Holoquiscalus rectirostris, adult male (p. 233) 

 aa. Color not uniform black ; if approaching black the color sooty and not at all glossed. 

 6. Sooty black, 

 c. Wing 91.4-100.6, tail 76-78.7; bill very stout, its depth at base 9.9-11.4. 



Holoquiscalus fortirostris, adult female (p. 230) 

 cc. Wing 99.1, tail 79.7; bill slender, its depth at base 8.6. 



Holoquiscalus lugubria, adult female (extralimital)' 

 66. Grayish brown above (paler anteriorly); beneath lighter brownish gray. 

 c. Under parts deep grayish brown, becoming light brownish gray on throat. 

 d. Smaller, with more slender bill (wing 102.1, tail 80.3, culmen, from base, 

 27.9, depth of bill at base 6.1) 



Holoquiscalus insularis, adult female (extralimital)'' 



'Although referred by most authors to H. inflexirostris, the Myiarchusrtinique bird is so 

 much more like that of Guadeloupe that its separation from the latter may not prove 

 expedient. 



'Qwiscalus insularia Kichmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, Aug. 12, 1896, 675 

 (Myiarchusrgarita Island, Venezuela; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Holoquiscalus insularis Ridg- 

 way, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



^Quiscalus lugubris Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 299, fig. 54c ("Brazil").— 

 Holoquiscalus lugubris Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



3654— VOL 2—01 15 




226 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dd. Larger, with stouter bill (wing 104.1, tail 88.9, culmen, from base, 30.2, 

 depth of bill at base 9.9) . .Holoquisoalns luminosus, adult female (p. 232) 

 cc. Under parts light grayish brown, becoming buffy or whitish on throat. 

 d. Paler superciliary and malar stripes indistinct; throat pale broccoli brown. 



HoloqniBcalas inflexiroBtris, adult female (p. 230) 

 dd. Paler superciliary and malar stripes very distinct; throat pale grayish buffy 

 or whitish, 

 e. Smaller, with larger feet and more slender bill' (wing averaging 105.4, 

 tarsus 32.3, middle toe, 23.4, depth of bill at base 9.4) . 



Holoquiscalus martinieensis, adult female (p. 231) 

 ee. Larger, with smaller feet and stouter bill' (wing averaging 106.7, tarsus 

 31.7, middle toe 22.9, depth of bill at base 10.2). 



Holoquiscalus gnadeloupensis, adult female (p. 232) 



HOLOQUISCALUS GUNDLACHII (Cassin). 

 CUBAN GRACELE. 



Admit male. — Head, neck, body, and smaller wing-coverts uniform 

 glossy violet-black, the gloss becoming more blue on tail-coverts; 

 wings and tail black, the larger wing-coverts and secondaries strongly 

 glossed with bluish green, the primaries and rectrices more faintly 

 glossed with the same; bill, legs, and feet black; iris brown^; length 

 (skins), 279.^288.3(283.2); wing, US. 6-154. 9 (150.6); tail, 124.Y-132.6 

 (129.3); culmen, from base, 35.6-41.4 (37.3); depth of bill at base, 

 12.2-12-7 (12.4); tarsus, 38.6-41.4 (39.9); middle toe, 28.5-30 (29.2).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the male, but decidedly smaller, the gloss 

 to the plumage less pronounced and bluish rather than violet; length 

 (skins), 231.1-264.2 (252.2); wing, 118.9-133.4 (127); tail, 99.1-116.8 

 (108.5); culmen, from base, 32.5-32.8 (32.5); depth of bill at base, 10.9- 

 11.7 (11.4); tarsus, 33.5-36.6 (35.3); middle toe, 22.9-25.1 (24.4).* 



Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles, including adjacent islands of Lif.tle 

 Cayman, Cayman Brae, and Isle of Pines. 



Quiscalus versicolor (not of Vieillot) Vigors, Zool. Journ., iii, no. xi, 1827,442 



(Cuba). 

 Quiscalus harytus (not Gracula harita Linnaeus) D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hiat. 



Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 120, pi. 18. 

 Quiscalus baritus Thibnbmann, Journ. fiir Orn., 1857, 151. 

 Chlalcophanes] baritus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 197, excl. syn. 



(Cuba) 

 Chalcophanes baritus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 15. 

 Calcophanes baritus Brewer, Proc. Best. Sec. N. H., vii, 1860, 307. 

 Quiscalus gundlacMyiarchus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, 1866, 406 



(Cuba; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 226; Birds W. I., 



1889, 113. 



' Since these differences of proportions do not appear in measurements of males of 

 the two forms they probably will prove inconstant in case of females, and therefore 

 not to be relied on. 



^ "Irides hazel"; J. H. Riley, manuscript. 



'Five specimens. 



*Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 227 



[Quucalus] gundlachU Geay, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6527. 



Quisccdus gundlachi Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 159 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 398 (San Cristobal, Cuba).— Cory, Auk, vi, 1888, 31 (Cayman Brae)' 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, iii, 129, 147 (Cuba; Little Cayman; Cayman 

 Brae) .—Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 306 (Cuba; habits; notes). 



[Quiscalus'] gundlachi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 



Chalcophanes gundlachU Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1874 135. 



[Quiscalus baritus'] var. gundlachi Baied, Brewer, and Ridqway Hist N Am 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 213. 



Holoquiscalus gundlachU Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ae. ScL, iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



HOLOQUISCALUS JAMAICENSIS (Daudin). 

 JAMAICAN GRACKLE. 



Similar in coloration to II. gundlachU, but smaller and with the 

 bill shorter and relatively much thicker. 



Adult male.—L&ngth. (skins), 279.4-294.6 (286.3); wing, 147.3-152.4 

 (149.4); tail, 124.5-129 (126.7); culmen, from base, 33-35.6 (34); 

 depth of bill at base, 12.7-14.2 (13.2); tarsus, 39.4r-41.4 (39.6); middle 

 toe, 25.9-28.5 (26.9).^ 



Admit female.— Length, (skins), 226.1-274.3 (240.6); wing, 127.5-130 

 (128.8); tail, 103.9-113.8 (109.7); culmen, from base, 28.2-30.7 (29.2); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.9-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 32-36.1 (34.8); middle 

 toe, 20.1-24.6 (23.4).' 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



(?) iOracuW] fiarito Linn^ds, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 109 ("Ameriea"; no refer- 

 ences); ed. 12, i, 1766, 165 (cites icferas ni^cr- Brisson, Av.,ii, p. 103, pi. 10, 

 fig. 1; Monedula iota nigra Sloajie, Jam. ii, 299, pi. 257, fig. 2). — Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat, i, 1788, 396.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 191.— Waglee, Syst. Av., 

 1827, Graeula, sp. 4. 



Quiscalus baritus YisiLLOT, Nom. Diet, d' Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487. — Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1866, 405 (monogr.). 



[Quiscalus] hariius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 425 (Antilles). — Gray, Hand- 

 list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 



[Quiscalus baritus] var. baritus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 213. 



Stumus jamaicensis Daudin, Traits d' Orn., ii, 1800, 317 (based on Merops niger, 

 iride subargeniea, Brown, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 476) . 



SoloquAscalus jamaicensis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



Quiscalus crassirostris Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 355 (Jamaica; coll. W. 

 Hooker).— GossE, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 217; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pi. 53.— 

 Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 359; Ibis, 1884, 159 (monogr.); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 398 (Metcalfe Parish and Spanishtown, Jamaica). — 

 Albrecht, Journ. fur Orn., 1862, 197. — Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ae. Nat. Sei. Phila., 

 1863, 298.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 225 (synonymy and deser.) ; Birds W. I., 

 1889, 111 (do.) ; Oat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 130.— Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 

 179 (notes, etc.).— Field, Auk, xi, 1894, 126. 



[Quiscalus] crassirostris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 425 (Jamaica). — Sclater 

 and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 



' Four specimens. 




228 BULLETIK 50, UNITED STATES NATIOlfAL MUSEUM. 



Q [uiscalus} crassirostris Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 103. 

 (?) Sclaphidurus'] crassirostris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 426 (Jamaica?). 

 (?) "Quiscalus vulgaris T-WMmcs., Tabl. M^th., 1838, 10." 



HOLOQUISCALUS NIGER (Boddaert). 



TTATTTATT CRACKLE. 



Similar to H. gundlachii, but smaller and with the violet gloss to 

 the plumage much less pronounced, the gloss on greater wing-coverts 

 and secondaries dull violet-bluish instead of green. 



Adult male.^ljQngih{sk.m&), 248.9-281.9 (268.2); wing, 122.4-137.9 

 (132.1); tail, 106.7-125 (116.8); culmen, from base, 34-35.1 (34.5); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.7-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 35.1-37.6 (36.1); middle 

 toe, 23.4-27.2 (25.9).^ 



Adult female.~hQngt\i (skin), 241.3; wing, 118.6; tail, 102.9; cul- 

 men, from base, 27.4; tarsus, 32.5; middle toe, 24.1.^ 



Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 



Oriolusniger Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 31 (based on Troupiale noir, de St. 



Domingue, Daubenton, Pi. Enl., pi. 534). — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 185. 

 Icterus niger Temminok, Cat. Syst., 1807, 48. 

 A^gdaivs} niger Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 718. 

 Quiscalus niger Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 407 (monogr. ; Jeremie, 



Haiti).— Solater, Ibis, 1884, 159 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 



398.— Cory, Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 73, pi. 22, fig. 1; Auk, iii, 1886, 



226; Birds W. I., 1889, 113; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 131.— Cherrie, 



Contr. Orn. St. Domingo, 1896, 17. 

 [Quiscaliis'] niger Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6529. — Cory, List Birds 



W. I., 1885, 14. 

 IQuiscalus baritusl var. niger Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 



ii, 1874, 213. 

 Holoquiscalus niger Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 

 Quiscaius ater "Baird" Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 94 (Santo 



Domingo).— Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 153 (Haiti).— Tristram, 



Ibis, 1884, 168 (Santo Domingo). 



HOLOQUISCALUS BRACHYPTERUS (Cassin). 

 FORTO RICAN CRACKLE. 



Similar in coloration to H. niger, but averaging slightly larger and 

 with the bill shorter and more strongly decurved terminally and 

 much more compressed; iris bright yellow.'' 



Adult ma^e.— Length (skins), 261.6-299.7 (272.8); wing, 130-134.6 

 (132.3); tail, 114.6-120.4 (117.6); culmen, from base, 33-33.5 (33.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.2-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 35.8-37.8 (36.8); middle 

 toe, 25.7-27.7 (26.4).^ 



Adult female.— Ijength (skins), 233.5-259.1 (242.8); wing, 108.7-116.3 

 (112.5); tail, 92.7-102.1 (97); culmen, from base, 28.5-31.8 (30.2); 



'Five specimens. ^One specimen. '0. W. Richmond, manuscript. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 229 



depth of bill at base, 9.9-lO.J: (10.2); tarsus, 33-33.8 (33.3); middle 

 toe, 23.9-24.9 (MA).' 

 Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 



Quisccdus baritus (not Oraculabarita Linnasna) Tayloe, Ibis, 1864, 168, part (Porto 



Eico). 

 Quiscalus crassirostris{not of Swainson) Beyant, Proc. Best. Sec. N. H., x, 1866, 



188, 254 (Porto Bico).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1866, 188 (Porto Rico).— 



Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 598 (Porto Eico). 

 Quiscalus brachypterus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, 1866, 406 



(Porto Rico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. )— Sclatbk, Ibis, 1884, 160 (monogr.); Cat. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 399.— Coey, Auk, iii, 1886, 224 (synonymy and 



descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 111 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 132. 

 [Quiscalus^ brachypterus Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6528.— Solatee and 



Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 

 {Quiscalus baritus] var. brachypterus Baied, Beewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 213. 

 Chalcophanes brachypterus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 312; 1878, 177; Anal. 



Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 213. 

 Holoquiscalus brachypterus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Soc, iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 

 Chalcophanes lugubris (not Quiscalus lugubris Swainson) Sundevall, Ofv. K. 



Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 598 (Porto Eico). 



HOLOQUISCALUS CAYMANENSIS (Cory). 

 GRAITD CAYMAK aRACELE. 



Similar to Q. gundlackii but smaller, and the gloss violet-blue or 

 blue, instead of violet, on head, neck, body, and smaller wing-coverts, 

 bluish green, instead of blue, on tail-coverts, and more bronzy green 

 on greater wing-coverts and secondaries. 



Adult male. — Length (skin), 10.50; wing, 5.24:; tail, 4.37; culmen, 

 from base, 1.32; depth of bill at base, 0.46; tarsus, 1.41; middle toe, 

 0.95.' 



Island of Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles. 



Quiscalus caymanends Coey, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 499, 502 (Grand Cayman I., 

 Greater Antilles; coll. C. B. Cory); v, 1888, 158; Birds W. I., 1889, 291; 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 129, 147.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1887, 574 (Grand Cayman). 



Holoquiscalus caymanensis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



HOLOQUISCALUS FORTIROSTRIS (Lawrence). 



BARBADOS GRACKLE, 



Smallest species of the genus (wing not more than 109.2). 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and body uniform violaceous-black, but 

 slightly glossy; wings and tail greenish black, the bluish green gloss 

 most perceptible on wings; bill, legs, and feet black; length (skins), 

 222.3; wing, 104.4-109.2 (107.4); tail, 91.7-92.5 (92.2); culmen, from 



^ Five specimens. ^ One specimen. 




230 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



base, 27.2-27.7 (27.4); depth of bill at base, 10.9-11.7 (11.4); tarsus, 

 31.2-32.8 (32); middle toe, 21.6-22.6 (22.1).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the male, but smaller and duller in color, 

 very faintly glossed, and with a brownish cast on head, neck, and 

 chest; length (skins), 205.7; wing, 91.4-93.7 (92.5); tail, 75.7-78.7 

 (77.7); culmen, from base, 25.1-25.4 (25.4); depth of bill at base, 9.9- 

 11.4 (10.7); tarsus, 28.7-30 (29.2); middle toe, 18.3-20.3 (19.6).^ 



Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. 



Quiscahis fortirostris Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 360, 428 (Bar- 

 bados, Lesser Antilles; coll. G. N. Lawrence). — Sclater, Ibis, 1873, 334 

 (Barbadoes); 1884, 161 (monogr.) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1874, 175 (Bar- 

 badoes); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 400.— Coey, Auk, iii, 1886,223 

 (synonymy and descr.) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 110 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 15, 111, 134, 146. 



[Qttiscato] fortirostris Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6532. — Sclater and Sal- 

 viN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 



Holoquiscalus fortirostris Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



HOLOQUISCALUS INFLEXIROSTRIS (Swainson). 

 SANTA LUCIA GRACELE. 



Adult wMle. — Quite similar in coloration to IT. gundlachii, but size 

 much less; length (.skins), 241.3; wing, 121.9-127.8 (126); tail, 103.6- 

 109.7 (106.7); culmen, from base, 30.5-31.8 (31); depth of bill at base 

 (one specimen), 9.9; tarsus, 33.8-35.6 (34.5); middle toe, 25.4r-27.2 

 (26.2).' 



Adult female. — Very .different from the male; pileum and hindneck 

 deep hair brown or olive, gradually darkening into sepia brown or 

 olive-sepia on back and scapulars, the rump and upper tail-coverts dark 

 olive-sepia; wings and tail dusky or sooty blackish with indistinct 

 margins and edgings of sooty brown; under parts buffy hair brown, 

 darkening into grayish olive on flanks and under tail-coverts, paler and 

 more buffy on throat and chin; malar region and an indistinct super- 

 ciliary stripe similar in color to the throat or but slightly darker; 

 length (skins), 228.6-241.3; wing, 107.2-110.5 (108.7); tail, 62.2-66.8 

 (64.5); culmen, from base, 27.7-28.5 (28.2); depth of bill at base 8.9- 

 9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 31.8-33 (32.3); middle toe, 24.1.^ 



Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles; island of St. Vincent?* 



QuiscaVm infleonrostris Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 300, fig. 52 (locality 

 unknown). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. , 1866, 407 (monogr. ).— Semper, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 651 (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles).— Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 175, part (Santa Lucia); 1889, 305 (Santa Lucia); 

 Ibis, 1884, 160, part (Santa Lucia; monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 



^ Three specimens. 

 ^ Two specimens. 



'I have not been able to examine specimens from St. Vincent, and therefore am 

 doubtful as to the relationship of the birds of that island. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 231 



401, part (Santa Lucia).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 224, part (Santa Lucia) ; Birds 



W. I., 1889, 111, part (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 146, part (Santa 



Lucia; St. Vincent?).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii, 1890, 130 (Santa 



Lucia). 

 Qluiscalus] inflexirostris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. 

 [Quiscalm] inflexirostrk Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6525.— Sclater and 



Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part (Santa Lucia).— Cory, List Birds 



W. I., 1885, 14, part. 

 Holoquumlus iiiflexirostrh Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 

 Quiscahis luminoms (not of Lawrence) Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 



166 (Santa Lucia). 

 Quwcalm lugubris (not of Swainson) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 271 



(Santa Lucia).— Semper, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 650 (Santa Lucia; 



habits) . 

 (?) Qumalus? Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusg., i, 1878, 191 (St. Vincent). 



HOLOQUISCALUS MARTINICENSIS Ridgway. 

 MARTINIQTJE GRACKLE. 



Similar to fl. inflexlrostrls, but smaller and with stouter bill; adult 

 female with head and under parts paler, the chin and throat nearly 

 white. (Similar in color to the same sex of II. guadeloiqyensk.) 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 228.6-259.1 (243.8); wing, 119.4- 

 124 (120.7); tail, 93.2-101.9 (98.3); culmen, from base, 29.2-32 

 (30.2); depth of bill at base, 10.4-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 31.2-35.1 (33.6); 

 middle toe, 24.9-25.7 (26.1).^ 



^(^is^iS/^jma^e.— Length (skins), 205.7-226.1 (215.9); wing, 102.4- 

 108.5 (105.4); tail, 83.8-85.6 (84.6); culmen, from base, 26.2-27.7 

 (26.9);depthof billatba.se, 8.9-9.4 (9.1); tarsus, 31.2-33.3 (32.3); 

 middle toe, 22.9-23.9 (28.4.)^ 



Island of Myiarchusrtinique, Lesser Antilles. 



Although hitherto referred to II. inflexirostris., this form is far 

 more closely related to II. guadelouperisis, from which it scarcel}'^ dif- 

 fers except in its slightly shorter wing. 



(?) (iimcalua mexicanus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xiii, Dec, 1866, 40.; 

 ("Mexico;" coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.).' 



'Four specimens. 



^Two specimens. 



' I have carefully examined and compared the type of Quiscaliis mexicanus Cassin, 

 but am unable to identify it positively with any of the known West Indian forms. 

 It comes very close, indeed, to the present bird, and probably is the same; but the 

 uncertainty as to the origin of the specimen (which, however, quite certainly did 

 not come from Mexico) renders the adoption of the inappropriate and misleading 

 name mexicanus highly undesirable. The only differences that I am able to detect 

 between the type of Quiscalus mexicanus and specimens of H. mariinicensis consist in 

 the somewhat more purplish gloss of the former and very slightly shorter wing (the 

 other measurements being practically identical), the wing being 3.8 mm. shorter than 

 in the shortest winged H. martinicensis examined. - The slight color difference may 

 easily have been caused by long exposure to the light, the type of Q. mexicanus 

 having been for many years mounted. 




232 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Quiscalus inflexirosiris (not of Swaingoii) Lawrence, Proo. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 

 355, 487 (Myiarchusrtinique; habits; orit. ). — Sclater, Proo. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 

 175, part (Myiarchusrtinique); Ibis, 1884, 160, part (Myiarchusrtinique); Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 401, part (Myiarchusrtinique).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 224, part 

 (Myiarchusrtinique); iv, 1887, 96 (Myiarchusrtinique); Birds W. I., 1889, 111, part (do.); 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 146, part (Myiarchusrtinique). 



[Quiscalus] inflexirosiris Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part 

 (Myiarchusrtinique).— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14, part. 



Holoqmscalus martinicensis Ridgway, Proc. AVash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151 

 (Myiarchusrtinique; coll. U. S, Nat. Myiarchuss.'). 



HOLOQUISCALUS GUADELOUPENSIS (Lawrence). 

 eUADELOUFi: CRACKLE. 



Similar to II. martinicensis, but wing averaging slightly longer. 

 Adult male.—Length (skins), 238.8-261.6 (260.2); wing, 119.9-124.5 

 (121.9); tail, 93.7-102.1 (97.5); culmen, from base, 28.5-31.2 (30.2); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.4-10.9 (10.7); tarsus, 34^35.3 (34.8); middle 

 toe, 25.4-26.2 (25.7).' 



Adult female.— l^ength (skins), 199.7-241.3 (221.7); wing, 104.4- 

 109.2 (106.7); tail, 81.5-88.9 (85.9); culmen, from base, 25.9-27.9 

 (26.9); depth of bill at base, 9.9-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 31-33 (31.8); mid- 

 dle toe, 22.6-24.1 (22.9).' 

 Island of Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles; island of Myiarchusrie Galante ? ' 

 Quiscalus guadeloupensis Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, Apr. 22, 1879, 457; 

 (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 

 160 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 401.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 226 (synonymyanddescr.); viii, 1891,49 (Guadeloupe); Birds W. I., 1889,113 

 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 147 (Guadeloupe; Myiarchusrie Galante?). 

 [Quiscalus] guadeloupensis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 

 Holoquiscalus guadeloupensis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



HOLOQUISCALUS LUMINOSUS (Lawrence). 

 GRENADA GRACELE. 



Adidt male. — Similar to that of H. inflexirostris, II. martinicensis, 

 and H. guadeloupensis, but the violet gloss to plumage of the head, 

 neck, and body rather brighter and the bill much more slender; length 

 (skins), 246.4-274.3 (260.4); wing, 117.6-123.7 (120.7); tail, 103.4-104.1 

 (103.6); culmen, from base, 35.6-35.8; depth of bill at base, 10.7; 

 tarsus, 34.5-36.3 (35.3); middle toe, 23.6-24.9 (24.1).* 



Adult female. — Myiarchusch darker than that of H. infiexirostris or allies;' 



' Four specimens. 



^Six specimens. 



' N^o specimens from Myiarchusrie Galante seen by me. 



* Two specimens. 



^ The female of this species is decidedly darker than that of any other of the Weat 

 Indian forms in which the sexes are conspicuously different in color, more resembling 

 that of H. insulxiris of Myiarchusrgarita Island, off the coast of Venezuela. The latter differs 

 in smaller size and still more slender bill. 




BIKDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMEKIGA. 233 



head and neck dark grayish brown (without distinct paler superciliary 

 stripe), fading on chin and throat into brownish gray or grayish hair 

 brown, and on the back and other upper parts deepening into dark sooty 

 brown; general color of under parts deep hair brown, becoming more 

 dusky on flanks and under tail-coverts; length (skin), 236; wing, 104.1; 

 tail, 88.9; culmen, from base, 30.2; depth of bill at base, 9.9; 'tarsus' 

 29.2; middle toe, 22.9.' 

 Island of Grenada, and Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. 

 Qaiscalm luminosus Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, July, 1878, 162 (Gre- 

 nada, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 

 270, 278, 487 (Grenada; Grenadines; habits, etc.); ix, 1886, 615 (Grenada- 

 habits; descr. nest and eggs) .— Obbr, Camps in the Caribbees, 1880, 247.— 

 ScLATEE, Ibis, 1884, 161 (monogr.); Gat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 402 (Gre- 

 nada; Grenadines).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 225 (synonymy and &escr.); Birds 

 W. L, 1889, 111 (do.); Cat. W. L Birds, 1892, 15. 

 [Quwccdm'] luminosus Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 



Holoquucalus luminosus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 

 Quiscalus inflexirostris (not of Swainson) Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 111, 146, 

 part (Grenada). 



HOLOQUISCALUS RECTIROSTRIS (Cassin). 

 STKAIGHT-BIHEB GKACKIE, 



Adult male. — Similar to the adult males of the West Indian forms, 

 but with the bill very slender and almost perfectly straight (maxilla 

 slightly decurved only at extreme tip), relatively shorter tail, and pur- 

 plish black wings; color uniform black, glossed with violet, becoming 

 more purplish on head and neck and changing to greenish on edges of 

 primaries; length (skin), about 114. 3; wing, 114.3; tail, 102.9; exposed 

 culmen, 27.4; tarsus, 32. * 



Habitat unknown. 



Quiscalus rectirostris Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, 1866, 409 



(locality unknown; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). 

 IQwiscalus'] rectirostris Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6531. 

 Soloquiscalus rectirostris Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 



Genus MEGAQUISCALUS Cassin. 



Megaquiscalus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, 1866, 409. (Type, 

 Quiscalus major Vieillot. ) 



Large or medium-sized semiterrestrial Icteridae, with bill about as 

 long as or slightly longer than head, narrow, more or less strongly 

 decurved at tip; tail nearly or quite equal to, sometimes longer than, 



' One specimen. 



^ For these measurements I am indebted to Myiarchus. Witmer Stone, Conservator of the 

 Ornithological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences. Myiarchus. Stone has carefully com- 

 pared the type, in the collection under his charge, with examples of other species of 

 the genus and pronounces it very distinct. 




234 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



wing, plicate,' graduated for neai'ly one-third to nearly one-half its 

 length; sexes very different in size and coloration, the adult males 

 glossy blue-black or violet-black, the wings and tail more gi-eenish; 

 adult females conspicuously smaller, brownish above, paler brown, 

 buffy, or whitish below. 



Bill equal to or longer than head, slender, more or less (usually 

 strongly) decurved at tip, compressed, its basal depth much less than 

 half the length of exposed culmen, its basal width about one-third as 

 long as exposed culmen, or less; culmen nearly straight for most of 

 its length, more or less (usually strongly) decurved terminally, the 

 middle portion sometimes slightly depressed, rounded, or forming a 

 rather flattened ridge; gonys nearly or quite straight, the tip usually 

 more or less decurved, shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure 

 nearly straight, but more or less decurved terminally, and rather 

 abruptly but not strongly deflexed for the rictal portion. Nostril 

 longitudinal, obtusely pointed anteriorly, with broad superior opercu- 

 lum, the posterior end touching feathering of frontal antise. Wing 

 moderate (about three and a half to four times as long as culmen), the 

 tip moderately produced (by much more than length of culmen and 

 usually less than length of tarsus, never more), rather pointed; outer- 

 most (ninth) primary intermediate between sixth and fifth, equal to 

 sixth, or equal to fifth; seventh and eighth, eighth, seventh, and sixth, 

 or seventh and sixth primaries longest; three or four outer primaries 

 very faintly sinuated on inner webs (five more strongly sinuated in 

 M. tenuirostris and M. nicaraguensis). Tail nearly or quite equal to 

 wing, sometimes longer, strongly graduated (distance between tips of 

 lateral and median rectrices between one-third and one-half the length 

 of the latter), the rectrices broadest terminally, with inner webs decid- 

 edly longer than the outer (except in M. temdrostris). Tarsus long 

 (more than one-fourth to nearly one-third as long as wing, much longer 

 than culmen), its anterior scutella distinct (less so in M. tenuirostris?); 

 middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus; outer toe with claw falling 

 decidedly short of base of middle claw, the inner slightly longer, with 

 its claw reaching nearly or quite to base of middle claw; hallux decid- 

 edly shorter than lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw shorter than 

 the digit (nearly as long in M. tenuirostris). 



Coloratiori. — Adult males glossy blue-black or violaceous-black, the 

 wings and tail greenish black; adult females conspicuously smallei- 

 than adult males, brownish above, paler brownish, tawny, buffy, or 

 whitish beneath. 



Range. — South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States southward 

 through Mexico and Central America to western Peru. 



' Transverse section of the tail V-shaped, as in Qmscalus and Holoquiscalus. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 235 



KEY TO THE SPECIES ATJD SUBSPECIES OF ME6AQUISCALUS. 



a. Plumage glossy purplish black or dark steel blue, becoming violet anteriorly, 

 more greenish on wings and tail (sometimes on posterior parts of body also). 

 (Adult males. ) 

 b. Bill larger and stouter (culmen not less than 36.1, depth of bill at base not less 

 than 12.7); plumage more highly glossed, the gloss violet only on head and 

 neck, or on head, neck, and anterior portions of body. {MegaquiscaZus 

 major. ) 

 c. Tail much shorter than wing; violet color of anterior portions confined to 

 head, neck, and chest (wing averaging 182.4, tail 171). (South Atlantic 

 and Gulf coasts of United States. ) 



Megaqniscalas major major, adult male (p. 236) 



CO. Tail not much shorter than wing, sometimes longer; violet color of anterior 



portions extending at least to upper back and upper breast. 



d. Tail averaging longer than wing; breast and anterior portion of sides 



violet. 



e. Larger, with proportionally longer and more slender bill (wing averaging 



189, tail 217.2, culmen 44.7, depth of bill at base 14.7). (Southern 



Texas and through eastern Mexico and Central America to northern 



Colombia. ) Megaquiscalns major maoroums, adult male (p. 238) 



ee. Smaller, with proportionally shorter and thicker bill (wing averaging 

 180, tail 188, culmen 41.7, depth of bill at base 14.7). (Coast of south- 

 western Mexico, from State of Guerrero to Territory of Tepic.) 



Megaquiscalus major obscurns, adult male (p. 241) 

 dd. Tail averaging shorter than wing; breast and sides mostly steel blue. 

 e. Larger, with shorter and stouter bill (wing averaging 165.9, tail 163.6, 

 culmen 38.6, depth of bill at base 12. 9). (Coast of western Mexico in 



state of Sinaloa.) Megaquiscalus major graysoni, adult male (p. 241) 



ee. Smaller, with longer and more slender bill (wing averaging 164.6, tail 

 161, culmen 39.6, depth of bill at base 12.9). (Coast of northwestern 

 Mexico, in State of Sonora. ) 



Megaquiscalus major nelsoni, adult male (p. 242) 



66. Bill smaller and more slender (culmen not more than 34.3, depth of bill at base 



not more than 10.2) ; plumage with a duller gloss of violet extending over 



entire under parts, back, and rump. 



V. Wing more than 165, tail 177.8 or more; bill much more slender terminally, 



with tip very slightly decurved; inner webs of primaries not conspicuously 



widened. (Valley of Mexico. ) 



Megaquiscalus tenuirostris, adult male (p. 243) 

 cc. Wing 127; tail not more than 139.7; bill but slightly tapering terminally, 

 with tip strongly decurved; inner webs of primaries conspicuously widened 

 beyond middle. (Interior of Nicaragua. ) 



Megaquiscalus nicaraguensis, adult male (p. 244) 

 (la. Plumage mainly dusky brown above, paler brown, tawny, buffy, or whitish 

 below. (Adult females.) 

 6. Larger (wing more than 127, tail more than 114); under parts brown (grayish 

 brown, buffy brown, cinnamon-brown, etc.). 

 c. Pileum, hindneck, and upper back grayish brown, not conspicuously differ- 

 ent from color of rump; bill distinctly decurved at tip. 

 d. Larger, with relatively longer tail (wing averaging more than 143.5, tail 

 averaging more than 137.2); under parts darker, more grayish brown. 




236 BXTLLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



e. Larger, with relatively longer and thinner bill (wing averaging 150, tail 

 147.8, culmen 37.1, depth of bill at base 12.7); coloration much paler, 

 under parts approximating hair brown, the chin and throat conapicu- 

 ously paler and more buffy. 



Megaquiscalus major macronrus, adult female (p. 238) 



ee. Smaller, with relatively shorter and thicker bill (wing averaging 144, 



tail 138.2, culmen 34.5, depth of bill at base 11.9); coloration much 



darker, the under parts approximating deep broccoli brown or bistre, 



the chin and throat not conspicuously paler (broccoli brown or deep 



wood brown) Megaquiscalus major obscurus, adult female (p. 241) 



dd. Smaller, with relatively shorter tail (wing averaging less than 143.5, tail 

 averaging less than 133) ; under parts paler, more ochraceous or buffy 

 brown. 

 e. Larger (wing averaging 142.7, tail 129.5, culmen 37.1, tarsus 42). 



Megaquiscalus major major, adult female (p. 237) 



ee. Smaller (wing averaging less than 135.9, tail less than 127, culmen leas 



than 35.6, tarsus less than 40). 



/. Under parts ochraceous-brown; larger, with shorter and stouter bill 



(wing averaging 134.9, tail 124.5, culmen 32.8, depth of bill at base 



11.7) Megaquiscalus major graysoni, adult female (p. 241) 



/. Under parts light wood brown; smaller, with longer and thinner bill 

 (wing averaging 132, tail 122.9, culmen 34.3, depth of bill at base 



11.7) Megaquiscalus major nelsoni, adult female (p. 242) 



CO.. Pileum, hindneck, and upper back rusty brown, conspicuously different from 

 color of rump; bill very slightly decurved at tip. 



Megaquiscalus tenuirostris, adult female (p. 243) 

 hi). Smaller (wing 104, tail 101.6); under parts dull whitish. 



Megaquiscalus nicaraguensis, adult female (p- 244) 



1 have omitted from the key a supposed Colombian form of M. 

 ■major {M. major assimilis^)^ not having been able to examine a 

 specimen. 



MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR MAJOR (Vieillot). 

 BOAT-TAILED ORAOEIE. 



Adult male. — Head and neck glossy dark violet, passing gradually 

 into steel blue on the back and breast, this into dark bluish green on 

 rump, abdomen, and flanks (duller on rump); lesser wing-coverts dark 

 steel blue, the middle coverts green or bluish green; rest of wings, 

 together with the tail, black, very faintly glossed with bluish green; 

 thighs, anal region, and under tail-coverts black; bill, legs, and feet 

 black; iris brown. 



Immature male {first year). — Black above, more or less glossed with 

 bluish green, sooty black below. 



'Megaquiscalus msgor assimilis (Sclater). — Bogota Grackle. 



(?) Quiscalus peruviamis Swainson, Anim. in Menag., pt. iii, Jan. 1, 1838, 354 



(Peru; coll. W. Swainson).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 412 



(crit). 

 (?) Qluiscalus] peruvianus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424 (Peru). 

 Quiscalus assimilis Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. 



P. L. Sclater); Ibis, 1884, 156, part (Colombia; w. Peru; monogr.); Cat. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMHRIOA. 237 



Admit female. — Pileum and hindneck sepia brown or bistre; rest of 

 upper parts dark sooty brown or blackish brown, faintly glossed with 

 greenish; a more or less distinct superciliary stripe of lighter buffy 

 brown or brownish buff; beneath this a more or less distinct postocular 

 streak of dusky brown; auricular region, sides of neck, chest, and 

 sides light brownish (varying from broccoli brown to isabella color) ; 

 chin, throat, and abdomen similar but paler; flanks, thighs, anal 

 region, and under tail-coverts dusky brown. 



T&ang. — Similar to adult female, but browner and without gloss 

 above and more buffy beneath, the abdomen, chin, and throat whitish 

 or pale buffy, the chest cinnamon-buff'. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 365.8-393.7(381.5); wing, 175.8-189.2 

 (182.4); tail, 162.1-186.4 (170.7); culmen, from base, 41.7-46 (43.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 13.2-14.7 (14); tarsus, 49-54.6 (51.1); middle 

 toe, 33-38.4 (35.3).^ 



Adult female.— Leiigth (skins), 294.6-307.3 (302.3); wing, 133.4- 

 146.1 (142.7); tail, 124.6-135.9 (129.5); culmen, from base, 34.8-38.4 

 (37.1); depth of bill at base, 11.4^12.2 (11.9); tarsus, 40.1-43.7 (42.4); 

 middle toe, 27.9-30.5 (28.5).' 



South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States (including whole of 

 Florida); north to coast of Virginia (islands above Cape Charles), west 

 to coast of Texas (where grading into If. m. macrounis). 



Gracula barita (not of Linnaeus) Wilson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, index. 



Qwkcalm bariius Fbabooy, Rep. Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, 285 (Myiarchusssachusetts?). — Lins- 



LEY, Am. Journ. Sci., xliv, 1843, 260 (Connecticut?). 

 Oraoula guiscala (not of Linnaeus) Oed, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1818, 253. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 396, part (Bogota).— Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1866, 410 (monogr.; Bogota).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 330 (Cienaga, 

 Colombia).— Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 323, 751 (w. Peru); 

 Orn. du P6rou, ii, 1885, 431.— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 270 (Colom- 

 bia.— (?) Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 161 (Barranquilla, Colom- 

 bia).— (?) Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 162 (Cienega, prov. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta). 

 [Quiscaliis] asdmUis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. 

 Scaphidurus major assimilis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 



152. 

 Qiiiscalus macTurus (not of Swainson) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1887, 482, part (Colombia; w. Peru). 

 I have not been able to examine a specimen of this supposed form from the type 

 locality. Messrs. Salvin and Godman refer it to M. m. macrourus; but if the measure- 

 ments given by Dr. Sclater are correct it can not be the same. Dr. Sclater refers 

 specimens from Veragua and the Isthmus of Panama to his Quiscalus assimilis, and 

 restricts the range of Q. macrourus to Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras; but the 

 Veraguan and Panama examples which I have seen, also those from Cartagena, 

 Colombia, are certainly M. m. macrourus. Therefore, if there is such a subspecies as 

 M. major assimilis, it is probably restricted to central Colombia and southward. 

 ' Eight specimens. 

 ' Nine specimens. 




238 BXJLLETIK 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Quiscalus ma/or Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hiat. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487, part (Loui- 

 siana; includes M. m. maerourus) ; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 900. — Bonapaetb, Am. 

 Orn., iv, 1825, 35, pi. 4; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 192.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 504; v, 

 1838, 480, pi. 187; Synopsis, 1839, 146; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 52, pi. 

 220.— Baied, Eep. Pacific R. R.Surv., ix, 1858, 555; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 420; (?) Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 20 (Browns- 

 ville, Texas). — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141, part ("North America"); 

 Ibis, 1884, 155 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 395.— Deessek, 

 Ibis, 1865, 494 (Houston and Galveston, Texas, Myiarchusy, June). — Cassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 409 (monogr.).— Coubs, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina) ; 1871, 25 (Fort Myiarchuscon, North Carolina; habits, 

 descr. nest and eggs, etc.); Ibis, 1870, 367 (Fort Myiarchuscon, North Carolina; 

 biography); Check List, 1873, no. 224; 2d ed., 1882, no. 334; Birds N. W., 

 1874, 204, part (synonymy). — Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 

 295 (e. Florida; measurements, etc.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 222, pi. 36, figs. 3, 4.— PuRDifi, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, ii, 1877, 13 (references, etc., to alleged New England occurrences cited). — 

 Myiarchusynaed, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 151.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 277.— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 168 (coast s. e. 

 Texas, breeding); Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 303. — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 513.^Smith (H. M.) , Auk, iv, 1887, 

 346 (breeding on Cobb's and other islands near Cape Charles, Virginia). — 

 Cooke, BirdMyiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 177 (coast Louisiana and Texas). — Chap- 

 man, Auk, V, 1888, 273 (Gainesville, Florida).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 

 (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, and Key West, Florida). — Mortimer, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 341 (Orange Co., Florida; food). — Bendiee, Life Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1895, 506, pi. 7, figs. 30, 31 (eggs).— Beyee, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. 

 for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (s. Louisiana, resident). 



Q[uiscalus2 major Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. — Conis, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 412.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. 



IQuiscalus] major CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. 



[^Quiscalus major'] var. major Baird, Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 214. 



[^Quiscahis major] a. Tumjor Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 204 (synonymy). 



Ch[alcophanes] major Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 196. 



Scaphidurus major major Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. 



Quiscalus corvirms Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 300 (North America). 



Quiscalus palustris (not of Cassin) Ridgway, Proc. V. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 218, 

 part (Louisiana) ; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 276, part. 



MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR MACROURUS (Swainson). 

 OREAT-TAIXED ORAOELE. 



Similarto Jf^ m. major, but larger, with the tail proportionately longer 

 (in adult male, averaging much longer than wing instead of decidedly 

 shorter); adult male with the violet gloss of anterior portions extend- 

 ing farther backward, especially on under parts, where covering the 

 breast and anterior portion of sides; ackilt female decidedly darker 

 both above and below, the under parts of the body grayish brown 

 (deep hair brown) instead of buffy brown (wood brown or Isabella 

 color), only the chin and throat being tinged with or inclining to bufly. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



239 



Adult TOffl^e.— Length (skins), 393.7-457.2 (422.4); wing, 184.2-198.9 

 (189.2); tail, 195.6-235 (217.2); culmen, from base, 39.6-48 (44.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 14.2-15.7 (14.7); tarsus, 47-52.8 (61.3); middle 

 toe, 33.5-88.4 (35.8).^ 



J.(ZMZi{/emaZe.— Length (skins), 284. 5-355. 6 (322. 6) ; wing, 142. 2-158. 5 

 (150.1); tail, 129-165.1 (147.8); culmen, from base, 33.8-39.4 (37.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.7-14 (12.7); tarsus, 38.4^4.5 (41.1); middle 

 toe, 25.7-30.7 (29).' 



Southern Texas, and southward through eastern and southern Mexico 

 (including Yucatan and island of Cozumel) and Central America to 

 northern Colombia (Turbo); westward in southern Mexico to edge of 

 the plateau in States of Myiarchuschoacan (Patzcuaro), Jalisco (Etzatlan, 

 June), and Guadalajara. 



Qwiscalus major Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487, part 

 (Mexico). 



Quiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 110 

 (Mexico).— MoCall, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1851, 218 (Rio Grande, 

 Texas).— MooBE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 (Omoa, Honduras).— Sal- 

 viN, Ibis, 1866, 194 (Half Moon Cay, British Honduras). 



Quiscalus maarourus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 299 (Real del Monte, 

 Hidalgo, Mexico).— Baikd, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 831 

 (Texas); Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 554; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), 

 atlas, pi. 58.— Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 138 (Turbo and Carta- 

 gena, Colombia); 1866, 410 (monogr. ). — Lawhence, Ann Lye. N. Y., viii, 

 1865, 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 104 (Costa Rica). — Frantzius, 

 . Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 303 (Costa Rica). — Shmichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 i, 1869, 553 (hot, temperate, and alpine regions. Vera Cruz). — Coues, Check 

 List, 1873, no. 223. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 

 1874, pi. 36, figs. 1, 2.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 570 

 (Cozumel I., Yucatan). — Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 152 

 (Izucar de Myiarchustamoras, Puebla, Dec; Plan del Rio, Vera Cruz). — American 



' Seventeen specimens. 



There seems to be little variation in size with latitude, though Nicaraguan speci- 

 mens are the largest and Yucatan examples the smallest in the series examined. 

 Average measurements are as follows: 




240 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Oknithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 512. — Hancock, Bull. Eidgvf. 

 Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 18 (Corpus Christi, Texas; habits; notes). — Cooke, 

 Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 177 (San Antonio and lower Eio Grande valley, 

 Texas).— Beckham, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 672 (Corpus Christi, etc. ; 

 habits).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 209 (Yucatan), 212 (Ori- 

 zaba) . — Attwatbr, Auk, ix, 1892, 238 (San Antonio, Texas, resident) . — Rich- 

 mond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 496 (San Carlos and Bluefields, 

 Nicaragua). — Singley, Eep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 372 (Corpus Christi, 

 etc.).— JouY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1894, 781 (Soledad, San Luis 

 Potosi).— Bendike, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1896, 504, pi. 7, figs. 28, 29.— 

 Nehkung, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 302. , 



Qluucalus} macrourus Bonapabte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424 (Real del Monte). — 

 CouEs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 412.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 

 1887, 381. 



IQuiscalus] macrourus OouES, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. 



Qupsealus (err. typ. ) macrourus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., v, 1852, 115 (Texas). 



Quiscalus macroura Baird, Rep. TT. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 

 20, pi. 20 (Eagle Pass, Texas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 419.— Bdtchee, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, June). 



[Quiscalv^ Tnajorl b. macrourus Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 204 (synonymy). 



Quiscalus major, var. mwrourus Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 

 (Guadalajara, s. w. Mexico). 



Ch[aXeophanes'] macrourus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 196 (Mexico). 



Clialcophanes macrourus Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 82 (Costa Rica). 



Scaphidurus major macrourus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 

 152. 



Quiscalus macrurus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 300 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruz); 1858, 358 (Comayagua, Honduras); 1864, 175 (City of Mexico); Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 141 (Orizaba; Choctum, Guatemala); Ibis, 1884, 156 

 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 396 (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz; Oaxaca; Merida and Cozumel I., Yucatan; Belize and Half Moon 

 Cay, British Honduras; Choctum and Duefias, Guatemala; Honduras).- 

 ScLATEE and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Duefias; habits) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Taylor, Ibis, 1860, 112 (Comayagua, 

 Honduras).- Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 493 (Myiarchustamoras, Tamaulipas, to Nueces 

 R., Texas).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y.,ix, 1868, 104 (Costa Rica); Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 24 (Barrio and Juchitan, Oaxaca, Sept., Oct.).— 

 Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 27 (Brownsville 

 and Corpus Cristi Pass, Texas; habits; measurements) ; v, 1879, 400 (Lometa, 

 Texas; measurements) .-Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 135 (Fort 

 Brown, Texas; habits; descr., nest and eggs). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 275.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 333.— Zeledon, 

 Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10; An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 

 (Puntarenas; Tiircoles).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 383, 392, 

 402 (Sucuyd, Ometepe, and Los Sabalos, Nicaragua). — Boucahd, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1883, 446 (Merida, Yucatan) .—Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves,i, 1887, 482.— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882,270 (Guatemala); 

 Ibis, 1888, 265 (Myiarchusgeres and Cozumel islands, Yucatan; Ruatan I., Hon- 

 duras; crit.). 



[Qwiscalus\ macrurus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. 



Quiscalus macrurus? Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1890, 191 (Calobre and 

 Calovevora, Veragua). 



[Q^iAscahis majorl var. macrurus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 214. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 241 



Quisccdus major, var. macrurus Baikd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 225. 



Quiscalus major macrurus Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 20, 1883, 339. 



Qwiscalus assimilis (not of Sclater, 1862?) Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 156, part (Veragua; 

 Panama); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 396, part (Calobre and Calove- 

 vora, Veragua; Lion Hill, l^anama R. R.). — (?) Salvador:, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., 

 etc., Torino, xiv, 1899, no. 339, 5 (Punta de Sabana, Isthmus of Panama). 



\_QuAacalus\ assimilis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part (Vera- 

 gua; Panama). 



MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR OBSCURUS (Nelson). 

 COLIDTA BOAT-TAIL. 



Similar to M. m. macrourus, but much smaller (except feet), with 

 relatively shorter and much thicker bill; adult male identical in color- 

 ation with that of M. m. macrourus; adult female decidedly darker 

 than that of M. m. macrourus, the chin and throat broccoli brown or 

 deep wood brown (instead of buffy), passing into deep broccoli brown, 

 or almost bister on chest. 



, Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 381-388.6 (386.3); wing, 178.3-180.8 

 (179.8); tail, 1842-190.5 (188.5); culmen, from base, 41.4-41.9 (41.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 14.6-15 (14.7); tarsus, 47.8^8.3 (48); middle 

 toe, 34.3-35.1 (34. 5). ^ 



Adult fmMle.—Le,ngt\i (skins), 298.5-330.2 (314.6); wing, 139.7- 

 149.1 (144); tail, 124.5-151.9 (138.2); culmen, from base, 33.5-35.6 

 (34.5); depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.4 (11.9); tarsus, 38.9-41.1 (40.4); 

 middle toe, 27.9-31.2 (29.2).' 



Coast district of southwestern Mexico, from State of Guerrero (Aca- 

 pulco) through Colima (Myiarchusnzanillo; Myiarchusnzanillo Bay) to Territory of 

 Tepic (Ixtapa, Tepic, Santiago, San Bias, etc.). 



Quiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.Phila., 1866, 409, part 

 (Colima, s.w. Mexico). — Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 

 (Myiarchusnzanillo Bay and plains of Colima). 



Quiscalus macrourus ohscwrus Nelson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 267 ( Acapulco, Guer- 

 rero, s. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Scaphidunis major obscurus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. 



MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR GRAYSONI (Sclater). 

 GRAYSON'S BOAT-TAILED GRACKLE. 



Similar to M. m. obscurus, but decidedly smaller and with relatively 

 shorter tail (usually decidedly shorter and never much longer than 

 wing, instead of the reverse); adult male similar in coloration to M. m. 

 obscurus and M. m. mavrourus, but less extensively violet anteriorly, the 

 breast, sides, and back being chiefly steel blue; .adult female much paler 

 than in the before-mentioned forms; scarcely distinguishable as to col- 



1 Three specimens. ^ Four specimens. 



3654— VOL 2—01 16 




242 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



oration from that of M. m. inaj(»\ but decidedlj^ smaller than the last 

 named in all measurements except depth of bill. 



Adult mcde.— Length (skins), 332.7-365.8 (3-±3.6); wing, 163.8-168.1 

 (166.9); tail, 157..5-167.6 (163.6); culmen, from base, 36.1-40.6 (38.G); 

 depth of bill at base, 13-15.2 (13.7); tarsus, 44.5-47.5 (45.7); middle 

 toe, 30.5-33 (32).^ 



Adult female.—ljength. (skins), 270.5-285.8 (275.8); wing, 131.6- 

 139.7 (134.9); tail, 118.1-127.5 (124.5); culmen, from base, 30.5-33.3 

 (32.8); depth of bill at base, 11,1^12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 36.8-39.4 (38.1); 

 middle toe, 24.9-28.2 (26.2).' 



Coast plain of Sinaloa, northwestern Mexico (Myiarchuszatlan, Culiacan, 

 Escuinapa, etc.). 



Quiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Sclatek, Oat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141, part 



(Mexico). 

 Quiscalus palustris {not Scaphidurus palusiris Swainson ?) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. 



Sci. Phila., 1866, 411 (monogr.; Myiarchuszatlan). 

 [Quiscalm major] var. palustris Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 214. 

 Quiscalus major var. palustris Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 282 



(Myiarchuszatlan; habits). 

 (7) Quiscalus macrourus (not of Swainson) Nelson, North Am. Fauna, no. 14, 



1898, 52 (Tres Myiarchusrias; straggler). 

 Quiscalus graysoni Sclater, Ibis, 5th ser., ii, Apr., 1884, 157 (Myiarchuszatlan, n. w. 

 Mexico; coll. Salvin and Godman); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 397.— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Oentr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 484. 

 Q[uiscalus'] graysoni Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. 

 Scaphidurus major graysoni Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. 



MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR NELSONI Ridgway. 

 SONORAN BOAI-TAILES GRACKLE. 



Similar to M. in. graysoni, but averaging slightly smaller, with 

 slightly longer bill; adidt femcde much paler, the under parts (in 

 winter plumage) light wood brown, passing into brownish cream buff 

 on throat and chin and into grayish brown on flanks, thighs, and anal 

 region, the under tail-coverts dark grayish brown; pileum and hind- 

 neck light sepia brown, the scapulars and interscapulars margined 

 with the same. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 345.4-353.1 (348); wing, 159.5-167.1 

 (164.6); tail, 154.9-166.4 (161); culmen, from base, 39.4-40.4 (39.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 13; tarsus, 41.9-45.5 (43.7); middle toe, 30.7-31.8 

 (31).= 



Adult female.— L^ngi\^ (skins), 279.4; wing, 129.5-134.6 (132.3); 

 tail, 120.1-124.5 (122.9); culmen, from base, 33.5-35.3 (34.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 11.4-12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 37.6-40.1 (39.1); middle toe, 

 25.9-27.9 (26.9).=' 



' Five .specimens. ^ Six specimens. ' Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 243 



Coast district of Sonera, northwestern Mexico (Alamos, Camoa, 

 Guaymas, etc.). 



Qwiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Gambel, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, i, 



1847, 47 (Gulf of California, occasionally to "Upper California"); Proc. 



Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 203 (do.). 

 Quiscalus palustris (not Scaphidiiru^ palusiris Swainsonj Ridgway, Proc. U. S. 



Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 218 (Gulf of California) ; Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 



276, part — Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 343 (Guaymas, Sonora). 

 Scaphidurus major nelsoni Ridgway Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 



151, 152 (Alamos, Sonora, n. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



MEGAQUISCALUS TENUIROSTRIS (Swainson). 

 SLENDER-BILLED GRACKLE. 



Myiarchusch smaller than any of the forms of M. major and with bill much 

 more slender. 



Adult 7nale. — Glossy purplish black, much as in M. majoi'iiiacroii/rus, 

 but the gloss duller and more reddish violet on head, neck, and breast; 

 length (skins), about 330.2-368.3; wing, 169.7-170.2 (169.9); tail, 177.8- 

 189.2 (183.4); exposed culmen, 34.3; depth of bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 

 45.7; middle toe, 30.5.^ 



Acktlt female. — Pileum, hindneck, and back brown (between burnt 

 umber and prouts brown), darker on postei'ior portion of back and 

 scapulars; rump blackish brown; wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail 

 brownish black; lores dusky brown; auricular region similar in color 

 to pileum, and separated from the latter by a rather distinct super- 

 ciliary stripe of wood brown or cinnamon-buffy; under parts (except 

 flanks, anal region, and under tail-coverts) tawny brown or cinnamon, 

 paler and more buffy on throat and abdomen, still paler on chin; flanks, 

 anal region, and under tail-coverts dusky brown; length (skins), 251.6- 

 309.9 (279.9); wing, 128.3-134.6 (131.8); tail, 132.1-135.1 (133.6); 

 exposed culmen, 28.5-30.5 (29.5); depth of bill at base, 8.9-9.7 (9.1); 

 tarsus, 37.6-38.1 (37.8); middle toe, 25.4-26.7 (26.2).' 

 Central Mexico (marshes near the City of Mexico). 

 (?) Scaphidurus palustris Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 436 (near 



City of Mexico). 

 (?) Se[aph.idurus'\ palustris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 426 (Mexico). 

 Quiscalus tenuirostris Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 299, fig. 51, b. c. (near 

 Cityof Mexico).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 411 (monogr.).— 

 ScLATER, Ibis, 1884, 157, pi. 5 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 397. — Salvin and God.man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 485. 

 Qltdscalus'] tenuirostris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424 (Mexico). — Baied, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 214.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. 

 [Quiscalus'] tenuirostris Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. 

 Scaphidurus tenuirostris Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. 



'Measurements from specimens in Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., and as given by Sclater 

 in Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, p. 397. 



''Three specimens; one in U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. collection, two in collection of Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., the latter measured by Myiarchus. Witmer Stone. 




244 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



MEGAQUISCALUS NICARAGUENSIS (Salvin and Godman). 

 inOARAGTrAN QUACKLE. 



Ad/idt male. — Entire plumage black, the head, neck, body, smaller 

 wing-coverts, and tail-coverts glossed with violet, the larger wing- 

 coverts, remiges, and rectrices slightly glossed with greenish; the violet 

 gloss most pronounced on rump and under parts, inclining to bronzy 

 on back and chest; bill, legs, and feet black; iris silvery white;' length 

 (skins), about 279.4-304.8 (292.1);' wing, 1.27;' tail, 134.6-139.7 

 (137.2);' culmen, from base, 34.3;' depth of bill at base, 9.9;^ tarsus, 

 86.6-38.1 (37.3); middle toe, 29.2.' 



Adult female. — "Above brown, the back, wings, and tail darker 

 and tinged with purple; an obsolete superciliary stripe and parotic 

 region much paler; beneath dirty white, the breast slightly darker, 

 the flanks and under tail-coverts brown; bill and feet black; length, 

 241.3; wing, 104.1; tail, middle rectrices, 101.6; lateral rectrices, 63.5; 

 bill to rictus, 29.2; tarsus, 31.8." (Salvin and Godman, translation 

 of description.) 



Nicaragua (Momotombo and Myiarchusnagua, Lake Myiarchusnagua). 



I have not seen the female or young of this species, which, judging 

 from the description of Messrs; Salvin and Godman, seems to be very 

 much paler beneath than that of M. tenuirostris. Not having seen the 

 male of the latter, I am unable to state the differences between it and 

 the male of the present bird. 



Quiscalus nicaraguensis Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 6th ser., iii, Oct., 1891, 612 

 (Momotombo, Lake Myiarchusnagua, Nicaragua; coll. Salvin and Godman).— 

 Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 496, in text sub. Q. macrourus 

 (San Carlos, Nicaragua). 



Scaphidurus nicaraguensis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901,152. 



Genus SCOLECOPHAGUS Swainson. 



Scolecophagus Swainson, Fauna Bor. -Am., ii, 1831, 286, 494. (Type, Oriolus 



ferrugineus Gmelin,= Turdus carolinus Myiarchusller.) 

 Euphagus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, 1866, 413. (Type, 



Psarocolius cyanocephalus Wagler. ) 



Medium-sized or rather small and slender Icteridse, with bill narrow 

 and shorter than head, wing long and pointed, tail nearly as long as 

 wing, moderately rounded, not plicate; adult males entirely glossy 

 black, females and jroung grayish brown or slaty. 



Bill shorter than head, narrowly conoid, slightly decurved at tip, 

 compressed (especially the terminal half); its basal depth about one- 

 half the exposed culmen or a little less, its basal width still less; cul- 

 men decidedly but not strongly decurved at tip, slightly elevated and 



' As noted on label of specimen in U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. collection. 

 '^ Two specimens. 

 ' One specimen. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 245 



arched basally, straight or faintly depressed in middle, rather dis- 

 tinctly ridged (more flattened in S. ci/ii/iocej>halus); gonys nearly or 

 quite straight, slightly shorter than maxilla from nostiil; commissure 

 nearly straight for most of its length, more or less decurved termi- 

 nally, more or less concave subbasally, then gradually deflexed to the 

 rictus. Nostril longitudinal, more or less triangular, or slit-like, 

 overhung by a broad and slightly convex membranous operculum, its 

 posterior end in contact with feathering of frontal antiae. Wing long 

 (between five and six times as long as culmen), with tip well produced 

 (projecting one and a half times to nearly twice the length of the cul- 

 men), pointed; outermost (ninth) primarj^ intermediate between seventh 

 and sixth or sixth and fifth, the eighth, seventh, or sixth longest (these 

 three sometimes equal); inner webs of three outer primaries very 

 faintly sinuated near ends. Tail not plicate, more than three-fourths to 

 more than four-fifths as long as wing, slightly but decidedly rounded, 

 the rectrices rather broad and with rounded tips. Tarsus much longer 

 than culmen, less than one-fourth as long as wing, rather slender, its 

 anterior scutella distinct on inner side, less so on outer; middle toe, 

 with claw, shorter than tarsus; claw of outer toe falling short of 

 base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; hallux decidedly 

 shorter than lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter 

 than the digit. 



Coloration. — Adult males entirely black, more or less glossy, the 

 iris white or pale yellow; adult females and young grayish brown or 

 dull slaty; one species with both sexes more or less varied with rasty 

 in autumn and winter, especially younger birds. 



Range. — North America. (Two species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCOLECOPHAGUS. 



a. Plumage black, more or less glossed with green, etc. (Adult males.) 



h. Bill slender, its depth at base much less than half the lateral length of mandible; 



plumage very faintly glossed with green, the head and neck still more faintly 



glossed with bluish. (Winter plumage more or less obscured by deep rusty 



or chestnut above, cinnamon-buff y beneath.) (Northern and eastern North 



America.) Scolecophagus carolinns, adult male (p. 246) 



66. Bill stouter, its depth at base nearly equal to half the lateral length of mandible; 

 plumage strongly glossed with green, changing to violet on head and neck. 

 (Winter plumage faintly varied with grayish brown above. ) (Western and 

 southwestern North America.) 



Scolecophagus cyanoceplialiis, adult male (p. 248) 

 (M. Plumage grayish (sometimes more or less varied with rusty and cinnamon- 

 buffy). (Adult females and young. ) 

 6. Bill slender, etc. 

 c. Plumage dull slate color (in winter more or less overspread above by deep 

 rusty, beneath by cinnamon-buffy). 



Soolecophagua oarolinus, adult female (p. 246) 

 cc. Plumage brownish gray (without rusty, etc., in winter). 



Scolecophagus carolinns, young (p. 246) 

 Scoleoophagns cyanoeeplialus, adult female and young (p 249) 




246 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



SCOLECOPHAGUS CAROLINUS (Myiarchusller). 

 RUSTY BLACKBIRD. 



AdAilt male in summer. — Uniform black, faintly glossed with bluish 

 green changing to dull violet-bluish on head and neck; under tail- 

 coverts more or less distinctly margined with whitish; bill, legs, and 

 feet, black; iris pale yellow or yellowish white. 



Adult male in ■winter. — Similar to the summer piumage, but the black 

 obscured or overlaid by rusty brown (burnt umber) on pileum, hind- 

 neck, back, and scapulars, and by cinnamon-huffy on superciliary and 

 malar regions, chin, thi'oat, chest, and sides. ^ 



Adult female in sum.mer. — Uniform dull slate color, darker and 

 faintly glossed with bluish green on upper parts; bill, legs, and feet 

 black; iris pale yellow. 



Adult female inwinter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but pileum, 

 hindneck, back, and scapulars more or less washed or overlaid by rusty 

 brown, tertials and greater wing-coverts more or less margined with 

 the same, a more or less conspicuous superciliary stripe of huffy, and 

 feathers of malar region, chin, throat, chest, and sides more or less 

 broadly tipped with pale wood brown or brownish buffy. 



Young. — Above dark sooty brown, more slate-dusky on remiges and 

 rectrices; tertials and terminal portion of greater and middle wing- 

 coverts margined with rusty; a more or less distinct superciliarjr stripe 

 of light rusty or brownish; under parts brownish gray, more or less 

 tinged with light buffy brown (wood brown or Isabella color) on malar 

 region, chin, throat, chest, etc. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 209.6-236.2 (219.2); wing, 114.3-116.8 

 (115.3); tail, 86.1-92.7 (89.9); exposed culmen, 18.8-19.8 (18.8); depth 

 of bill at base, 8.1-8.4 (8.1); tarsus, 30-31.8 (30.5); middle toe, 

 21.1-22.4 (21.8).' 



Adult female.— \j&cig\:a. (skins), 198.1-210.8 (203.7); wing, 106.9- 

 111.5 (108.7); tail, 79-83.8 (81.5); exposed culmen, 17.3-19.1 (18.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 29.5-81.2 (30.5); middle 

 toe, 20.6-22.6 (21.3).'= 



Northern and eastern North America; breeding from Nova Scotia, 

 New Brunswick, northern Myiarchusine, New Hampshire (White Mountains), 

 Vermont, northern New York (south to Herkimer County), and 



'The extent of this rusty and buffy coloring varies exceedingly in different indi- 

 viduals, probably according to age. In some (doubtless younger birds) the rusty ia 

 nearly uniform on the pileum and hindneck, and forms very broad tips to the scapu- 

 lars and interscapulars, while the cinnamon-buffy forms a conspicuous broad super- 

 ciliary stripe and is nearly uniform over the malar region, chin, and throat. Other win- 

 ter males (probably very old individuals) have scarcely a trace of this rusty and 

 buffy coloring, being quite like summer specimens, except that the plumage is more 

 highly glossed. 



'^ Five specimens. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEKICA. 247 



northern Myiarchuschigan north to Ungava (Fort Chimo), and northwest- 

 wai'dly to the Arctic coast and Alaskan shores of Bering Sea; south 

 in winter to the Gulf coast (Florida to Texas); west, more or less 

 regularly, to western border of the Great Plains, casually to Lower 

 California (San Pedro Myiarchusrtir Mountains) ; accidental in Greenland. 



Turdus carolinus Myiarchusller, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 140 (based on Myiarchusuvis de la 



Caroline Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 556, fig. 2,= female in autumn). 

 Scolecophagm carolinus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, sig. 23, Sept. 2, 1885, 

 356; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 322. — American Orxithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, no. 509.— Smith, Auk, iii, 1886, 284 (Denver, Colorado, Dec. 17) .— 

 Turner, Contr. Nat. 'Hist. Alaska, 1886, 168 (St. Myiarchuschaels, Yukon R., 

 etc.).— Nelson, Kep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 169 (coast Bering Sea, 

 etc.).— TowNSEND, Cruise "Corwin" in 1885 (1887), 93 (Kotzebue Sound 

 and lower Kowak R., Alaska); Auk, iv, 1887, 12 (Kowak R.). — Thokne, 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 264 (Fort Lyon, e. Colorado).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. 

 Val., 1888, 172 (breeding from Myiarchusnitoba northward, wintering from St. 

 Louis, Myiarchusssouri, southward; dates of migr., etc.); Birds Colorado, 1897, 95 

 (Denver, 2 specs., Dec. 17, 1883; Loveland, 1 spec, Nov. 1889). — Thompson, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 581 (Myiarchusnitoba, migrant). — Hagerup, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland).— Myiarchuscfarlane, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 

 440 (Fort Anderson, Horton R., etc., breeding). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 

 408 (e. Kansas, Oct. to Myiarchusr.).— Coombs, Auk, ix, 1892, 205 (Bayou Teche, 

 Louisiana, abt. fall and spring). — Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 10 (Prince Edward 

 L, breeding).— Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893,239 (San Pedro Myiarchusrtir Mts., Lower 

 California, accidental). — Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. 

 Florida, winter). — Bendike, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 489, pi. 7, figs. 

 14-16.— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 298.— Knight, Bull. no. 

 3, Univ. Myiarchusine, 1897, 88 (breeding in n. counties and MyiarchusguUoway district, 

 Myiarchusine).— Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 77 (Tyonek, Cook Inlet, 

 Alaska, Sept. ; Ft. Kenai, Alaska, Myiarchusy, July) . 



S\colecophagus\ carolinus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. 



Turdus brunneus Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 32, part (based on Myiarchusuvis, de 

 la Caroline Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 556, fig. 2). 



[Oriolusl ferrugineus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Rusty Oriole Pen- 

 nant, Arctic Zool., ii, 260). — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 176. 



Oracula ferruginea Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 41, pi. 21, fig. 3. 



Qmscalus ferrugineus Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 55. — Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 129.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 325; v, 

 1839, 483, pi. 147; Synopsis, 1839, 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 

 65, pi. 222. 



Qlmcalus'] /erruj/meus Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fur Orn.,vi, 1858, 204 (descriptions; 

 food, etc.). 



Scolecophagus ferrugineus Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 

 286.— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.— Woodhouse, Rep. 

 Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuiiiand Col. R., 1853, 78, part ( Indian Territory ).—Baibd, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 551; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 417.— 

 Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 225 (coast Labrador, breeding); 

 Check List, 1873, no. 221; 2d ed., 1882, no. 331; Birds N. W., 1874, 198; 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 605 (Souris R., etc.. North 

 Dakota, Sept.).— Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, breed- 

 ing); 1863, 82.— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140; Ibis, 1884, 150 (monogr. ), 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 390.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 

 412 (monogr.).— D ALL and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 285 

 (Nulato, Fort Yukon, etc., Alaska, breeding).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. 




248 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ZooL, ii, 1871, 291 (e. Florida, winter). — Harting, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1871, 114 (Arctic Am.).— Myiarchusynaed, Proc. Best. Soc, xiv, 1872, 375 (Lake 

 Umbagog and MyiarchusG alio way valley, Myiarchusine, and White Mts., New Hamp- 

 shire, breeding); Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 146.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 

 (e. Kansas, migr.). — Baied, Brewee, and EidgWay, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 

 1874, 203, pi. 35, fig. 4.— Beewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 442 

 (n. New England, breeding). — Bewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 

 176 (Upton, Myiarchusine; descr. young) . — Beown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 10 (Coosada, Alabama, winter). — Kumlien, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 15, 

 1879, 78 (oft n. coast Newfoundland, Oct.). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 



1881, no. 273.— Chamberlain, Bull. no. '1, Nat. Hist. Soc. N. B., 1882,42 

 (New Brunswick, summer res.). — Neheling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 



1882, 167 (Harris Co., Texas, Myiarchusr.) .—Nelson, Cruise "Corwiu" in 1881 

 (1883), 73 (e. shores Bering Sea).— Finsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1883, 271 

 (Portage Bay, Alaska, Myiarchusy 10).— MyiarchusLenegan, Cruise "Corwin," 1884, 116 

 (Kowak E., etc., Alaska, breeding). — Tuenee, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 

 1885, 241 (FortChimo, Ungava, breeding). — Banks, Auk, ii, 1885, 106 (near 

 St. .Johns, New Brunswick, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — ^Bicknbll, 

 Auk, ii, 1885, 252. (song). 



[Scolecophagus] ferrugineus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. 



S[colecophagus'\ ferrugineus Copes, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 411. 



\^Scolecophagus2 niger Bonapaete, Consp. Av. , i, 1850, 423. 



Sclolecophagus] niger Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 195. 



[Oriolus] fuscus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Brmim-headed Oriole 

 Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 259). 



[Tardus} hudsonius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 818 (based on Hudscmian Thrush 

 Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 204, = autumnal female?). 



[Twrdusi novehoracensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 818 (based on New York 

 Thrush Pennant, Arctic ZooL, ii, 205, = autumnal male?). 



ITurdv^l labradoriu^ Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 832 (based on Labrador Thrush 

 Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 206, = spring or summer male). — Latham, Index 

 Orn., i, 1790, 342. 



[Oriolusi leucocephalus Xjaiham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 175. 



dracula quisoula var. Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 191. 



"Xanthocephalu^ xanthocephalus'' Warren (O. B.), Auk, xii, 1895, 191 (n. Myiarchusch- 

 igan; see Warren, Auk, xv, 1898, 193) . 



Pendulinus ater YmiuLOT, Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat., v, 1816, 320. 



Chlalcophanes} virescens Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, App. Oriolus, sp. 9. 



SCOLECOPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS (Wagler). 

 BREWER'S BLACKBIRD. 



Admit male in summer. — Entirely black, the head and neck strongly 

 glossed with violet, the rest of the plumage with bluish green; bill, 

 legs, and feet black; iris pale yellow or yellowish white.- 



Admit male in winter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but more 

 highly glossed. (Some specimens, doubtless younger birds, have the 

 feathers of the back indistinctly margined terminally with grayish 

 brown, those of the chest with pale buffy grayish.) 



Immatwe male in first winter. — Similar to the adult male, but 




BIBDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



249 



feathers of head, neck, back, scapulars, chest, and sides narrowly 

 tipped with gra3dsh brown (paler and more buffy on under parts). 



Admit fefmale in summer. — Head, neck, and under parts brownish 

 slate-color or dark brownish gray, faintly glossed with greenish on 

 under parts of body and with violet on head and neck, especially on 

 pileum and hindneck; upper parts darker, especially the wings and 

 tail, which are more strongly glossed with bluish green; bill, legs, and 

 feet black; iris light brown. 



Admit female in winter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but color 

 of head, neck, and anterior under parts paler and more buffy gray (the 

 superciliary region, malar region, chin, and throat pale hair brown). 



Young. — Very similar in coloration to winter females, but texture 

 of plumage very different and feathers without gloss. 



Adult mfflfo.— Length (skins), 213.4-247.7 (228.6); wing, 120.1-133.9 

 (128.5); tail, 91.9-107.2 (98.8); exposed culmen, 21.1-23.6(22.6); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.1-10.2 (9.7); tarsus, 30.5-33 (32.3); middle toe, 20.3- 

 22.4 (21.3).' 



Adult female.— hmgth (skins), 198.1-221 (210.3); wing, 116.8-119.6 

 (117.6); tail, 87.1-92.7(88.9); exposed culmen, 19.1-20.8 (20.1); depth 

 of bill at base, 8.4-9.7 (8.9); tarsus, 28.7-32 (30.5); middle toe, 

 19.8-21.1 (20.3).' 



Western United States and British provinces and greater part of 

 Mexico; north to British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and 

 Myiarchusnitoba (breeding); east to Myiarchusnnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian 

 Territory, and Texas, occasionally, dui'ing migrations, to Iowa, Wis- 

 consin, Illinois, Myiarchusssouri, Louisiana, and even South Carolina; breed- 

 ing south to Lower California (San Pedro Myiarchusrtir range, 8,200 feet; 

 San Fernando), southern Texas (San Antonio; Houston; Brownsville?), 

 and northern Tamaulipas (Myiarchustamoras) ? ; ' in winter over the whole of 



' Eight specimens. 



^Nine specimens. California specimens average decidedly smaller than those from 

 east of the Sierra Nevada, as the following measurements show: 



'The breeding record for Myiarchustamoras is somewhat doubtful. The species undoubt- 

 edly breeds over the more nothern portions of Mexico, but I have not data which 

 would enable me to define with greater precision the southern limits of the breeding 

 range. 




250 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEXTM. 



Mexico (except Yucatan and parts of the tierra caliente) to northern 

 Guatemala (Chancol). 



Ps\_arocolius] cyanocephalus Waglek, Isis, 1829, 758 (Mexico; no locality given). 



Sc[plecophagus] cyanocephalus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 195. 



Scolecopliagus cyanocephalus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 552; Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 418; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 

 1859, 20 (Santa Rosalia, Mexico). — Heermann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. 

 vi, 1859, 53 (California; New Mexico; Texas; habits). — Cooper and Sucklev, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 209 (Washington, Oregon, etc.).— 

 Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, breeding). — Sclatek, 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140 (California); Ibis, 1884, 151 (monogr.); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 390 (Ciudad Durango; near City of Mexico; Oaxaca; 

 "Central America?"; etc.). — Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 493 (San Antonio, Texas, 

 breeding; Myiarchustamoras, Tamaulipas, July, abundant). — OouES, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1866, 90 (Fort Whipple, Arizona, resident); Check List, 1873, 

 no. 222; 2d ed., 1882, no. 332; Birds N. W., 1874, 199; Bull. U. S. Geol. and 

 Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 605 (Pembina, etc.. North Dakota, breeding).— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 413 (monogr.). — Butcher, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, Nov. to Feb.). — Sumichbast, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (Orizaba and plateau of Mexico in 

 winter).— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 278.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 (e. 

 Kansas, common). — Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 

 (Myiarchuszatlan). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 

 206, pi. 35, fig. 3.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 82 

 (Garland, Colorado; descr. nest and eggs, etc.), 122 ( New Mexico and Ari- 

 zona; habits) ; Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 321 (localities in Utah, Col- 

 orado, New Mexico, and Arizona; habits). — Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 

 1877, 510 (Nevada and Utah; habits, etc.);,Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 

 274; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 323.— Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., iv, 1878, 27 (Brownsville, Texas, breeding); v, 1879, 399 (Lometa, s. e. 

 Texas; not breeding?).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879,135 (Fort 

 Brown, Texas, Oct. to Apr.).— Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879,166 

 (Fort Klamath, e. Oregon, resident; habits); Auk, vii, 1890, 258 (MogoUon 

 and San Francisco Mts., etc., Arizona, breeding in pine belt; habits, etc.).— 

 Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 167 (Houston, etc., s. e. Texas, 

 breeding); Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 299, pi. 17, fig. 5.— BELDiNG,Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., V, 1883, 546 (San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, breed- 

 ing), 547 (Myiarchusraflores, Lower California); vi, 1883, 343 (Guaymas, Sonora).— 

 Agersborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 282 (s. t-. South Dakota, breeding).— Seton, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 322 (w. Myiarchusnitoba, breeding). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 510.— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 

 152 (San Baltazar, Puebla, Nov.; Nativitas, Tlaxcala, Dec.).— Beckham, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 671 (Texas localities; habits).— Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 480.— Loomis, Auk, iv, 1887, 76 

 (Chester, South Carolina, 3 specimens, Dec. 9) ; viii, 1891, 167 (do.) .—Cooke, 

 Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 173 (breeding in w. Myiarchusnitoba, Vermilion, Dakota, 

 and Caddo, Indian Territory; other localities and dates).— Kohn, Auk, vi, 

 1889, 190 (New Orleans, Louisiana, small -fiock, Dec. 23, 1888).— Goss, Birds 

 Kansas, 1891, 409 (w. Kansas, resident).— Hatch, Birds Myiarchusnn., 1892, 286 

 (breeding along Red R. and e. to Crow Wing Co.).— Thompson, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1891, 581 (Myiarchusnitoba; breeding at Winnipeg, Ossawa, Car- 

 berry, etc.; habits).— Fannin, Check List Birds Brit. Columbia, 1891, 34 

 (both sides Cascade Mts.).— Nutting, Bull. Lab. N. H. Univ. lOwa, ii, no. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 251 



3, 1893, 274 (lower Saskatchewan).— Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 239 (San Pedro 

 Myiarchusrtir Mts., Lower California, breeding); Auk, xii, 1895, 140 (San Fer- 

 nando, Lower California, breeding). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 

 1895, 493, pi. 7, figs. 17-20 (eggs).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 

 1898, 42 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft.). 



Sc[olecophagus] cyanocephalus Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 195, footnote 

 (Mexico). 



Slcolecophagus] cyanocephalus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 411. — 

 RIDGWAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. 



[Scokcophagus~\ cyanocephalus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. — Sclatek 

 and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 38. ■ 



Scoleophagus cyanocephalus Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 105 

 (Louisiana in winter). 



ScolecophagusmemcanusBwAmsof!, Anim. inMenag., 1838,302 (Mexico). — Baied, 

 inStansbury'sBep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 (Fort Union; California). — New- 

 berry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 86 (California; Oregon; Fort Van- 

 couver, Washington). 



Sclolecophagus'] mexicanus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 423 (w. Mexico; N. 

 Am.) 



Quiscalus mexicanus Heermann, Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., ser. 2, ii, 1852, 268 

 (California). 



Quiscalus breweri Avdvbon, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1843, 345, pi. 492 ("upper 

 Myiarchusssouri River and Yellowstone" ). 



Scolecophagus ferrugineus (not Oriolus ferrugineus Gmelin) Audubon, Synopsis, 

 1839, 146, part (Columbia R.). — Gambel, Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, 

 i, 1847, 47.— WooDHOusE, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 78, 

 part (Texas; New Mexico; California). — Holden, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 XV, 1872, 203 (Sherman, Wyoming, breeding). 



Scoleophagus ferrugineus Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 203 (New 

 Mexico; California). 



Qaiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse) Newberry, Rep. Pacific B. R. Surv., 

 X, pt. vi, 1859, 86 (San Francisco, California). 



Scolecophagus carolinus (not Turdus carolinus Myiarchusller) Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 322 (Big Plain and Winnipeg, Myiarchusnitoba, breeding). 



Genus PTILOXBNA Chapman. 



Ptiloxena Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist., iv, no. 1, Dec, 1892, 307. (Type, 

 Quiscalus atroviolaceus D'Orbigny.) 



Medium-sized semi-terrestrial Icteridte with bill shorter than head, 

 decidedly curved above, about half as deep at the base as length of 

 culmen; nostrils small, narrow, obliquely vertical, above lateral 

 median line of maxilla; wing moderate with tip subtruncate; tail 

 about four-fifths as long as wing, not plicate, rounded, with rectrices 

 broad and rounded at ends; middle toe, with claw, slightly shorter 

 than tarsus, and claws of lateral toes falling short of base of middle 

 ,claw; structure of feathers of anterior contour feathers (especially on 

 chest) peculiar, the barbicels on terminal two-thirds fasciculate and 

 adherent to the barb; coloration uniform black, slightly glossed (sexes 

 alike). 



Bill shorter than head, conical, but with upper outline decidedly 




252 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



convex, its depth at base a little less than half the length of culmen, 

 its basal width decidedlj' less than half the length of exposed culmen; 

 culmen gentlj- convex (the terminal portion more decidedly so), the 

 middle' portion nearly straight, distinctly ridged, but the ridge broad 

 and rounded; gonys straight, decidedly shorter than maxilla from 

 nostril; commissure nearly straight or slightly convex in middle, 

 straight or faintly concave terminally and subbasally, the basal por- 

 tion strongly but not abruptly deflexed to the rictus. Nostril small, 

 narrow, oblique (anterior end highest), decidedly above lateral median 

 line of maxilla, posteriorly in contact with dense feathering of the 

 frontal antise, the latter filling the greater part of the nasal fossse, 

 leaving but a small and narrow membi'ane exposed above and mostly 

 behind the nostril. Wing moderate (nearly five times as long as cul- 

 men, nearly four times as long as tai'sus), the tip moderately produced 

 (a little longer than tarsus), slightly rounded or subtruncate; outer- 

 most (ninth) primaiy equal to fifth or a little shorter; seventh or 

 seventh and sixth primaries longest, the eighth but little shorter; 

 inner webs of three or four outer primaries slightly sinuated beyond 

 middle. Tail not plicate, about four-fifths as long as wing (about 

 four times as long as culmen), rounded, the rectrices slightly wider 

 terminally and with rounded tips. Tarsus much longer than culmen 

 (a little less than one-third as long as tail), its anterior scutella dis- 

 tinct; middle toe, with claw, slightly shorter than tarsus; claws of 

 lateral toes falling short of base of middle claw; hallux about as long 

 as lateral toes, much stouter, its claw decidedly shoi'ter than the digit. 

 Plumage of the throat and chest peculiar; "the barbicels, while 

 apparently of normal number, are fasciculate, and, except at its basal 

 third, adhere to the barb; for the terminal half of the feather, there- 

 fore, the barbs have no connection with one another, and this gives 

 to the parts in which these feathers grow a finely streaked, hairy 

 appearance. " ' 



Coloration. — Entirely black, glossed with violet (bluish green on 

 wings and tail); sexes alike in color. 



Range. — Peculiar to the island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. (Mono- 

 typic.) 



PTILOXENA ATROVIOLACEA (D'Orbigny). 

 D'ORBIGNY'S BLACKBIRD. 



Adults {sexes alihe). — Uniform glossy black, the head, neck, and 

 chest with a slight bluish reflection, passing into a more violet hue on 

 back, scapulars, lesser and middle wing-coverts, rump, and under 

 parts of body, the gloss on margins of greater wing-coverts, remiges, 

 and rectrices bluish or bluish green; bill, legs, and feet, black; iris 

 brown. ^ 



^Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchusa. Nat. Hist., iv, 1892, pp. 307, 308. 

 ^3, H. Biley, manuscript. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 253 



Adult mafe.— Length (skins), 236.2-254 (239.3); wing, 131.3-141 

 (136.1); tail, 105.2-112.8 (109); culmen (from base), 24.9-27.7 (25.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.7-13.2 (12.7); tarsus, 32.6-35.6 (33.8); middle 

 toe, 23.9-27.7 (25.7).' 



Adult female.— Length, (skins), 217. 2-243. 8 (228.3); wing, 122.4-132.6 

 (128.5); tail, 97.3-105.9 (101.6); culmen (from base), 22.9-24.4 (23.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.9-12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 30-32.3 (31); middle toe, 

 22.6-23.4 (23.1).' 



Island of Cuba (including Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles. 



Qmcalus atrwAolaceus D'Ob-bigny, inLaSagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Oia., 1839, 121. — 



Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 227; Birds W. I., 1889, 114. 

 [Quiscalus] atroviolaceus Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 

 S[caphidurus] atroviolaceus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 341. 

 Sc[aphidurus] atroviolaceus Bonaparte, Consp. Av. i, 1850, 426. 

 Sc[olecophagm} atroviolaceus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 196. 

 Scolecophagus atroviolaceus Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., iv, 1856, 15 (descr. eggs) . — 



Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 



Phila., 1866, 415 (monogr.). — Gundlach, Report. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 1866, 



259; Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 134. 

 Dives atroviolaceus'ScLATER, Ibis, 1884, 152 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. xi, 



1886, 393 (San Cristobal, Cuba).— Coey, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 129 



(Cuba and Isle of Pines). 

 Ptiloxena atroviolaceus Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, no. 1, Dec, 1892, 307. 

 (?) Chalcophanes quiscalus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 16 (Cuba) ; 1871, 288 



(do.). 

 (?) Scolecophagus sequatorialis (not Quiscalus eequatorialis Sclnter) Cassin, Proc. Ac. 



Nat. Sci. Phila., Dec, 1866, 414 (no locality; crit.) 



Genus DIVES Cassin. 



Dives Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, 1866, 413. (Type, Lampropsar 

 dives Bonaparte. ) 



Medium-sized Icteridae of uniform black coloration, with bill shorter 

 than head, wing rather short and rounded, tail nearly as long as 

 wing, rounded, with very broad rectrices, and stout feet. 



Bill slightly to decidedly shorter than head, narrowly conical, com- 

 pressed, rather obtuse, its basal depth a little less than one-half the length 

 of culmen, its basal width decidedly less; culmen nearly straight but 

 slightly convex, broad but not flattened, ridged laterally above nasal 

 fossse; gonys straight or verj^ faintlj^ convex, slightly shorter than 

 distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; commissure nearly straight to 

 the rictal portion, where strongly deflexed. Nostril small, roundish, 

 posteriorly touching feathers of frontal antias, overhung by a convex 

 membranous operculum. Wing moderate or rather short (about four 

 and a half times as long as culmen); wing-tip short (about as long 

 as maxilla from frontal antise), rounded; outermost (ninth) primary 

 shorter than second, the fifth longest, but eighth, seventh, sixth, and 

 fourth nearly as long; inner webs of outermost primaries not sinuated. 



'Five specimens. 




254 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Tail not plicate (?), nearly as long as wing, rounded, the rectrices broad. 

 Tarsus much longer than culmen, rather stout, the anterior scutella 

 very distinct; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus but 

 decidedly longer than culmen; lateral toes about equal, rather short, 

 their claws not reaching to base of middle claw; hallux nearly as long 

 as lateral toes, much stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit. 



Coloration. — Uniform black, in both sexes. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to western Peru. (Three species, two of 

 them South American.) 



DIVES DIVES (Lichtenstein). 

 SUUICHRAST'S BLACKBmi). 



Adult mafo.— Entirely uniform deep black, with a slight greenish 

 blue gloss, especially on head, neck, and anterior under parts; bill, 

 legs, and feet black; length (skins), 264.2-281.9 (271.8); wing, 123.2- 

 132.8 (127.3); tail, 114.3-127 (119.1); culmen, from base, 28.5-32 

 (30.5); depth of bill at base, 13-14.2 (13.5); tarsus, 38.1^0.4(39.4); 

 middle toe, 25.4-27.9 (26.2).^ 



Admit /OTiafe.— Similar to the male in plumage but smaller and 

 usually with the black slightly less intense or glossy; length (skins), 

 235-255.3 (243.1); wing, 112.3-116.8 (113); tail, 102.1-114.3 (109); cul- 

 men, from base, 27.4r-29.2 (27.9); depth of bill at base, 12.4-13.2 

 (12.7); tarsus, 36.8-38.6 (37.6); middle toe, 22.9-24.9 (23.9).' 



A series of ten adults from Yucatan, embracing both sexes, but unfortunately none 

 of them with sex determined, measure as follows: Length (skins), 233.7-287 (255); 

 wing, .111.3-128.3 (120.4); tail, 97.8-121.9 (111.3); culmen, from base, 27.2-30.5 

 (28.5); depth of bill at base, 13.2-15.5 (14); tarsus, 35.6-39.1 (37.3); middle toe, 

 23.4-27.4 (25.1). 



Young. — Uniform dull sooty black or very dark sooty brown, rather 

 lighter on under pai;ts of body; remiges and rectrices as in adults. 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Chichicaxtli, Myiarchusrador, 

 Orizaba, Coatzocoalcos, Plan del Eio, etc.), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca), 

 Mexico (Valley of Mexico), Oaxaca (Tuxtepec, Chiltepec, Playa 

 Vicente, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, etc.), Chiapas (Guichicovi), and Yuca- 

 tan, and southward through eastern and central Guatemala to British 

 Honduras (Belize) and Honduras (Guaruma). 



Icterus dives Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 1 (Mexico; see Journ. 



fur Orn., 1863, 56). 

 ILampropsar] dives Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 425. — ScLATERand Salvin, 



Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. 

 L[am.propsar} dives Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 194, footnote (Chiltepec; Cos- 



amaluapan; Real del Monte). 

 Lampropsar dives Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 83 (crit. nomencl.). — Boucakd, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 446 (Merida, n. Yucatan). 



^ Seven specimens. '■'Six specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 255 



Scolecophagus dives Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec, ]866, 413 



(monogr.). 

 Dives dives Fereabi-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 152 (Plan del Rio, 

 Vera Cruz). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 470 (Guaruma, 

 Honduras).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 209 (int. Yucatan).— 

 Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., viii, 18£3, 281 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan; 

 notes); x, 1898, 30 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



! ?ScLAjER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 300 (near Cordova, Vera 



Gruz). 



sumichrasti De Saussuee, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1859, 119, pi. 3, flgs. 

 2-4 (Mexico). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz), 381 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca) ; 1864, 175 (Valley of Mexico) ; Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 140 (Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz). — Salvin and Sclater, 

 Ibis, 1860, 398 (Coban and Tactic, Vera Paz, Guatemala). — Sdmichrast, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (hot and temperate regions. Vera Cruz). 



Qwiscalus sumichrastii Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (hot and 

 temperate zones. Vera Cruz). 



Dives sumichrasti Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 152 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886,392 (Jalapaand Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Merida, n. Yucatan; Belize, British 

 Honduras; Choctum and Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala). — Salvin and God- 

 iViAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 481 (Chiltepec, Cosamaloapan, etc., 

 Mexico; Achil, etc., Guatemala, etc.). 



Qwisccdus meodcanm (not of Cassin) Lawrence, Bull. tJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., No. 4, 1876, 

 24 (Guichicovi, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca) . 



Genus ICTERUS Brisson. 



Icterus Brisson, Orn. , ii, 1760, 85. (Type, by elimination, Oriolus icterus Linnaeus. ) 

 Xanlhomus 3co.-oli, Intr. ad. Hist. Nat., 1777, 481. (Type, Oriolus icterus Lin- 

 naeus. ) 

 PenduZinus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 33. (Type, Oriolus .spitritts Linnaeus. ) 

 Yphantes Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 33. (Type, Oriolus baltimore Linnaeus, = Coracias 



galbula Linnjeus. ) 

 Yphanthes Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 708. 

 Hyphantes (emendation) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 183. 

 BawaniTOr™ Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxvii, 1853, 834. (Type, Oriolus bonana 



Linnaeus. ) 

 Euopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 47. (Type, Psaro- 



colius croconotus Wagler. ) 

 Andnopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 49. (Type, 



Psarocolius gularis Wagler. ) 

 Ateleopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 53. (Type, 



Psarocolius melanocephalus Wagler.) 

 Cassiculoides Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 54. (Type, 



Icterus parisorum Bonaparte.) 

 Poliopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 55. (Type, Icterus 



wagleri Sclater. ) 

 Melanopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 56. (Type, 



Oriolus chrysocephalus Linnaeus. ) 

 Ictenoides Cassin, Proc Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, xix, Apr., 1867, 60. (Type, Icterus 



aurieapillus Cassin.) 

 Aporophantes Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 63. (Type, 



Agelaius pyrrhopterus Vieillot. ) 




256 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES KA.TIONAL MUSEUM. 



Small or medium-sized arboreal Icteridee with bill elongate-conical, 

 acute, not longer than head; nasal fossae well defined, broad and rounded 

 anteriorty, the nostrils overhung by a conspicuous semicorneous oper- 

 culum; tail more than three-fourths as long as wing (often as long as, 

 sometimes longer than wing), more or less rounded (sometimes gradu- 

 ated) ; tarsi rather short (never very much longer than culmen, some- 

 times shorter), and middle toe, with claw, never longer than tarsus 

 (usually shorter) ; colors usually black and orange or black and yellow, 

 in large strongly contrasted areas; if without orange or j'^ellow. chest- 

 nut or orange-brown replacing those colors. 



Bill much shorter than head to about as long, elongate-conical, acute, 

 with straight outlines or with the tip slightly decurved, its depth at 

 base usually less than half the length of commissure, sometimes (in 

 I. xanthorniis) nearly if not quite equal to length of gonys; culmen 

 straight or rather strongly (but gradually) decurved terminally, the 

 mesorhinium usually narrow and distinctly (sometimes almost sharply) 

 ridged, more rarely broader and rounded, or even somewhat flattened; 

 gonys straight or slightly decurved terminally; commissure straight to 

 behind nostril, or slightly arched, the rictal portion strongly and more 

 or less abruptty deflexed. Nostril longitudinal, narrow (linear or more 

 or less crescentic), overhung by a very distinct semicorneous operculum, 

 the anterior end of the nasal fossae broad and rounded . Wing moderate, 

 its tip moderately produced, rounded or subtruncate; outermost (ninth) 

 primary alwaj's shorter than sixth, sometimes shorter than third, the 

 eighth to seventh, eighth to fifth, or seventh to fifth longest; inner 

 webs of longer primaries very faintly or not appreciably sinuated. 

 Tail decidedly shorter than wing to longer than wing, slightly rounded 

 to strongly graduated (the graduation sometimes equal to more than 

 one-fourth the length of middle rectrices). Tarsus usually a little 

 longer than culmen, sometimes slightly shorter, the acrotarsal soutella 

 distinct; middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus (never conspic- 

 uoush' so), rarely (in I. icterus) equal to it; claws of lateral toes reach- 

 ing about to base of middle claw; hallux about as long as lateral toes, 

 much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit; all the claws 

 strongly curved, acute. 



Coloration. — Usually richly colored with sharply contrasted areas 

 of black and orange, black and yellow, or black and chestnut; never 

 entirely black; females (of some species) and young plainer, with olive- 

 greenish hues prevailing. 



Range. — The whole of temperate and tropical America (most devel- 

 oped in tropical portions). (More than fifty species and subspecies.) 



Notwithstanding the very great variation in relative length of wing 

 and tail, extent of graduation of the latter; relative length and thick- 

 ness of the bill and its degree of curvature; wing-formula, and all other 

 external characters, my best efforts to trenchantly subdivide the genus 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEBIC A. 257 



have resulted in failure, and consequently I am forced, against my 

 inclination, to include a rather heterogeneous assemblage of species 

 under one generic heading. Possibly a study of their internal struc- 

 ture may afford characters for subdivision. 



Of all the species I. icterus seems to differ most structurally, this 

 alone having a large naked postocular space and the feathers of the 

 throat elongated and acicular; but that species is evidenly related to 

 /. jomiacaii and I. oroconotus, both of which are normal in the respects 

 mentioned (though both, especially the former, have the feathers of 

 the lower throat distinctly outlined and somewhat lengthened), have 

 the tail relatively longer and much more graduated, and the tarsus 

 relatively longer, thus apparently connecting I. icterus with other 

 types of structure. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ICTERUS. 



a. Tail entirely black (except concealed base'), or else distinctly bicolored (black 

 and yellow or black and orange in sharply contrasted areas). 

 b. Tail unicolored (black, except at concealed base'), 

 c. Feathers of throat elongated, lanceolate or acicular, somewhat stiffened; cul- 

 men more than 1.25. (Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela; islands 

 of Trinidad, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and St. Thomas. ) 



Icterus icterus, adult male and female p. 263) 

 cc. Feathers of throat normal (short and blended); culmen less than 1.25. 

 d. Head, all round, uniform black or chestnut. 

 e. Back and scapulars uniform black. 

 /Under parts of body and rump neither chestnut nor rufous-tawny. 

 g. Lesser and middle wing-coverts black, like rest of wing. (Island of 

 Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. ) 



Icterus oberi, adult male and female (p. 265) 

 gg. Lesser and middle wing-coverts yellow or orange. 

 h. Wings with white markings. (Pacific coast of Guatemala.) 



Icterus maculi-alatus, adult male and female (p. 265) 

 hh. Wings without white markings. 

 j. Breast yellow or orange. 



h Tail-coverts yellow; smaller (wing 92.2-99.1). (Bahamas.) 



Icterus northropi, adult male and female (p. 266) 



kh. Tail-coverts black; larger (wing 96.5-113.8). (Mexico; 



Guatemala. ). Icterus wagleri, adult male andfemale(p.267) 



jj. Breast black. 



k. Posterior half, or more, of under parts yellow. (Southern 

 Mexico to Isthmus of Panama. ) 



Icterus prosthemelas, adult male and female (p. 269) 

 kk. Less than posterior half of under parts yellow (or orange) . 

 I. Rump, lesser and middle wing-coverts, thighs, etc., lemon 

 yellow; under tail-coverts and flanks partly black, 

 m. Abdomen and flanks wholly black; under tail-coverts 

 mostly black. (Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles.) 

 Icterus hypomelas, adult male and female (p. 271) 

 mm. Abdomen or flanks partly yellow; under tail-coverts 

 mostly yellow. 



'There is sometimes a whitish tip or termmal margin, especially to the lateral rec- 

 triees, these being worn away in summer plumage, 

 3654— VOL 2—01 17 




258 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



n. Upper rump black; flanks black; lower abdomen yel- 

 low; upper tail-coverts mostly black. (Island of 

 Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 



Icterus portorioensis, adiilt male and female (p. 272) 

 nn. Whole rump yellow; flanks yellow; lower abdomen 

 black (the feathers sometimes tipped with yellow); 

 upper tail-coverts yellow. ( Island of Haiti, Greater 

 Antilles. ) 

 Icterus dominioensis, adult male and female (p. 273) 

 U. Rump, lesser and middle wing-coverts, thighs, lower abdo- 

 men, and under tail-coverts orange or orange-yellow. 

 (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles.) 



Icterus laudabilis, adult male and female (p. 274) 

 ff. Under parts of body and rump chestnut, ferruginous, or rufous-tawny. 

 g. Head and neck black; under parts of body, rump, and smaller wing- 

 coverts chestnut. (Eastern United States; south in winter to Isth- 

 mus of Panama.) Icterus spurius, adult male (p. 275) 



gg. Head, neck, and chest dark chestnut; under parts of body, rump, 

 and smaller wing-coverts ferruginous or rufous-tawny. (Island 

 of Myiarchusrtinique, Lesser Antilles. ) 



Icterus bonana, adults and young (p. 279) 

 ee. Back and scapulars yellowish olive-green or olive-yellow. 

 /. Larger (tarsus more than 25.4); bill stouter, with culmen straight. 

 {Icterus melanocephalus. ) 

 g. Smaller (wing averaging 96.5 in male, 91.9 in female); wings without 

 distinct, if any, white edgings. (Southern Mexico.) 

 Icterus melanoceplialus melanocephalus, adult male and female (p. 280) 

 gg. Larger (wing averaging 100.6 in male, 96 in female); wings with 

 distinct white edgings. (Northeastern Mexico; southern Texas.) 

 Icterus melauocephalus audubonii, adult male and female (p. 282) 

 ff. Smaller (tarsus less than 25.4); bill more slender, with culmen dis- 

 tinctly curved terminally. (Southern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama. ) 

 Icterus prosthemelas, immature (p. 269) 

 dd. Head orange, yellow, or olive-green, with black throat and capistrum. 

 e. Back and scapulars uniform black. 

 /. Breast spotted with black (at least laterally) . {Icterus pectoralis.) 

 g. Larger (wing averaging 102.1). (Southern Mexico to Salvador.) 



Icterus pectoralis pectoralis, adult male and female (p. 283) 

 gg. Smaller ( wing averaging 97. 5 ) . (Western Nicaragua and Costa Rica. ) 

 Icterus pectoralis espinachi, adult male and female (p. 284} 

 ff. Breast not spotted. 



g. Lesser and middle wing-coverts orange or yellow; much larger, with 

 very stout bill and straight culmen; sexes aUke in color. {Icterus- 

 gularis. ) 

 h. Larger (wing averaging 125 in male, 113.8 in female); under 

 parts of body, etc., more yellowish orange or orange-yellow. 

 (State of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, to Honduras and Salvador.) 

 Icterus gularis gularis, adult male and female (p. 284) 

 hh. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 114.8 in male, 108.2 in 

 female); under parts of body, etc., more intense orange. 

 i. Slightly larger (wing averaging 114.3 in male, 108.2 in female; 

 maxilla relatively deeper, and the orange color averaging leaa 

 intense. (States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, and 

 Tamaulipas, eastern Mexico. ) 



loterus gularis tamaulipensis, adult male and female (p. 286) 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 259 



a. Slightly smaller (wing averaging 113 in male, 104 in female); 

 maxilla relatively shallower, and orange color averaging more 

 intense. (Yucatan; British Honduras?) 



Icterus gularis yuoatanensis, adult male and female (p. 287) 

 gg. Lesser wing-coverts black, middle coverts white; much smaller, with 

 slender and decurved bill; sexes very different in color. {Icterus 

 cucuUatus. ) 

 h. Forehead black (at least anteriorly and laterally). 

 i. Forehead with less black, the orange or orange-yellow touching 

 base of exposed culmen. 

 j. Under parts of body, hindneck, etc., decided orange. (South- 

 ern Mexico, north along eastern edge of the plateau to 

 Nuevo Leon. ) 



Icterus cucuUatus cucullatns, adult male (p. 287) 

 jj. Under parts of body, hindneck, etc., orange-yellow. (South- 

 ern Texas and coast plain of Tamaulipas. ) 



Icterus cucuUatus senuetti, adult male (p. 289) 

 a. Forehead with more black, the orange or yellow not touching 

 base of exposed culmen. 

 j. Under parts of body, hindneck, etc., rich orange or orange-red; 

 larger (wing averaging 87.5 or more, tail 92 or more). 

 k. Larger, with smaller bill (wing averaging 88, tail 94.5, 

 exposed culmen 18.2). (Peninsula of Yucatan, including 

 Campeche.).. Icterus cucuUatus igueus, adult male (p. 291) 

 kk. Smaller, with larger bill (wing averaging 87.5, tail 92, 

 exposed culmen 19). (Island of Cozumel. ) 



Icterus cucuUatus cozumelse, adult male (p. 292) 

 jj. Under parts of body, hindneck, etc., chrome or saffron yel- 

 low; smaller (wing averaging 84, tail 89). (Island of 

 Myiarchusjeres, Yucatan.) 



Icterus cucuUatus duplexus, adult male (p. 292) 

 hh. Forehead wholly yellow. (Northwestern Mexico; Lower Cah- 

 fornia; southern California; southern Arizona. ) 



Icterus cucuUatus nelsoni, adult male (p. 290) 

 ee. Back and scapulars not uniform black. 

 /. Forehead and at least anterior part of auricular region black; wing- 

 coverts without any white. 

 g. Larger (wing 86.4 to 111.8); general color, including back, orange- 

 yellow. 

 h. Crown and occiput orange-yellow. (Southern Mexico to Colom- 

 bia and Venezuela. ) 



Icterus giraudii, adult male and female ( p. 293) 



hli. Crown and occiput black, like forehead. (Gualan, Guatemala.) 



Icterus gualanensis, adult male (and female?) (p. 295) 



gg. Smaller (wing less than 86.4); general color lemon-yellow or pale 



olive-yellow below, more olivaceous on back, etc. (Southern 



Mexico to Isthmus of Panama.) 



Icterus prosthemelas, young and immature (p. 269) 

 ff. Forehead and whole of auricular region orange, yellow or olive-green; 

 wing-coverts marked with white. 

 g. Outer webs of greater wing-coverts only partly white 

 h. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts white, or much paler orange or yellow than 

 lesser coverts, concealed bases of greater coverts white 

 I. Back distinctly streaked or spotted with black; bill shorter 

 (exposed culmen not more than 23.1) , general color brighter 

 yellow or orange. 




260 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



j. Larger (wing averaging 107.2); back more broadly streaked or 

 spotted with black (the black sometimes prevailing) ; orange 

 color less intense, never (?) inclining to scarlet on head. 

 (State of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, to Nicaragua.) 



Icterus sclateri, adult male (p. 297) 



jj. Smaller (wing averaging 100.8) ; back more narrowly streaked 



with black; orange color more intense, frequently inclining 



to scarlet on head.' (Southern plateau and Pacific coast 



district of Mexico. ) Icterus pustulatus, adult male (p. 295) 



ii. Back very sparsely and narrowly, or not at all, streaked with black. 

 j. Larger (wing more than 100, exposed culmen more than 24); 

 middle wing-coverts pale yellow; general color yellow, never 

 orange. (Tres Myiarchusrias islands, n. w. Mexico. ) 



Icterus grayaouii, adult male (p. 298) 

 jj. Smaller (wing less than 95, exposed culmen less than 20); 

 middle wing-coverts white; general color rich orange, rarely 

 orange-yellow. (Yucatan.) 



Icterus auratus, adult male (p. 299) 

 hh. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts bright lemon-yellow, like lesser coverts; con- 

 cealed bases of greater coverts black. {Icterus xantkornus.) 

 i. Bill much shorter (culmen of male not more than 25.4, averaging 

 22.3). (Caribbean coast district of Colombia, Venezuela, and 

 Guiana; Trinidad; Isthmus of Panama?.) 



Icterus xanthornus xanthornus, adult male and female (p. 300) 

 ii. Bill much longer (culmen 25.9-27.9, averaging 26.9). (Island 

 of Curagao, Caribbean Sea. ) 



Icterus xanthornus curasoensis, adult male and female (p. 303) 

 gg. Outer webs of greater wing-coverts entirely white. 

 h. Pileum, hindneck, back, and rump yellowish olive-green. (Island 

 of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. ) 



Icterus leucopteryx, adult male and female (p. 303) 

 hh. Pileum, hindneck, and rump yellowish. 

 i. Yellow of pileum, etc., very slightly, if at all, tinged with olive. 

 (Island of Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles.) 



Icterus bairdi, adult male and female (p. 304) 

 ii. Yellow of pileum, etc., strongly tinged with olive. Island of St. 

 Andrews, Caribbean Sea. ) 



Icterus lawrencii, adult male and female (p. 305) 

 66. Tail distinctly bicolored (black and yellow or black and orange, in sharply 

 contrasted areas), 

 c. Pileum and hindneck yellow. (Icterus mesomelas. ) 

 d. Longer innermost secondaries conspicuously edged with white; smaller 

 (wing averaging 90.4 in male, 86.6 in female). (Southeastern Mexico to 

 Honduras. ) . .Icterus mesomelas mesomelas, adult male and female (p. 305) 

 dd. Longer innermost secondaries without any white edgings; larger (wing 

 averaging 96.3 in male, 92.7 in female). (Nicaragua to Colombia.) 



Icterus mesomelas salvinii, adult male and female (p. 307) 

 cc. Pileum (except, sometimes, forehead) and hindneck black. 

 d. Breast black; exposed culmen 20.8-24.6. (Mexican plateau and adjacent 

 portions of southwestern United States; Lower California.) 



Icterus parisorum, adult male (p. 308) 

 dd. Breast orange or yellow; exposed culmen less than 20.8. 



' Earely, however, the color decidedly yeHpw., 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 261 



c. Head entirely black; lateral rectrices orange or yellow with black sub- 

 basal space; outer webs of greater wing-coverts black basally. (Eastern 

 North America, south in winter to Colombia) 



Icterus galbula, adult male (p. 310) 



ee. Head partly yellow or orange; lateral rectrices orange or yellow with 



black or dusky terminal space; outer webs of greater wing-coverts 



wholly white. 



/. Auricular region, rump, sides, and flanks orange or yellow. (Western 



United States, south in winter over Mexican plateau. ) 



Icterus buUockii, adult male (p. 314) 

 ff. Auricular region, rump, sides, and flanks black. (Southern portion of 



Mexican plateau.) Icterus abeillei, adult male (p. 818) 



aa. Tail neither entirely black nor distinctly bicolored (mostly plain olivaceous or 

 dusky). 

 b. Throat black or dusky, 

 c. Larger (wing more than 78.7). 

 d. Wing 101.6 or more. 

 e. Pileum dull orange; greater wing-coverts narrowly edged with white ter- 

 minally Icterus gularis and subspecies, immature (p. 284) 



ee. Pileum olive-green; greater wing-coverts broadly edged with white for 

 terminal half or more. (Jamaica. ) .Icterus leucopteryx, young (p. 304) 

 dd. Wing less than 101.6. 

 e. Under parts mostly orange or yellow. 

 /. Back without any black. 



g. Pileum black or partly black. 

 h. Back and rump olive-green; rectrices edged with olive-green; pale 

 margins to greater wing-coverts and remiges narrower. 



Icterus melanocephalus melauoceplialus, immature (p. 281) 

 hh. Back and rump grayish (tinged with olive-green); rectrices edged 

 with grayish; pale margins to greater wing-coverts and remiges 

 broader ...Icterus melanoceplialus audubonii, immature (p. 282) 

 gg. Pileum yellowish, olive-greenish, or orange. 

 h. Scapulars yellowish olive-green. 

 i. Deeper olive-green above, brighter yellow below. 



Icterus xantbornus xantboruus, immature (p. 301) 

 a. Paler, both above and below. 



Icterus xantbornus curasoensis, immature (p. 303) 

 hh. Scapulars grayish or dusky. 

 i. Pileum orange; back dull orange, tinged with olive-green. 



Icterus auratus, immature (Addenda) 

 ii. Pileum olive-greenish; back dusky grayish or grayish ohve- 

 green. 

 j. Pileum lighter, more yellowish, ohve-green; under parts more 

 saffron yellow; tail longer (about 88.9). 



Icterus cucuUatus and subspecies, immature male (p. 288) 



jj. Pileum darker oUve-green; under parts more olive-yellow; tail 



shorter (about 67.3) .Icterus spurins, immature male (p. 275) 



ff. Back with more or less of black. 



g. Tail more than 78.7. 



h. Pileum streaked with black or dusky; sides of head and neck 



grayish Icterus parisorum, 



immature male and (sometimes) adult female (p. 309) 

 hh. Pileum not streaked; sides of head and neck yellow or orange. 

 i. Wing-edgings white and grayish; middle wing-coverts white, or 

 mostly so; culmen very slightly curved. 




262 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



j. Cheeks cadmium-orange or orange-red; smaller. 



Icterus pustulatus, adult female and immature male (p. 296) 

 jj. Cheeks yello-w; larger. 



I: Back conspicuously (sometimes very broadly) streaked with 

 black; exposed culmen not more than 20.3. 



Icterus sclateri, adult female and immature male (p. 297) 



kk. Back narrowly and sparsely streaked (streaks sometimes 



obsolete); exposed culmen about 24.1. 



Icterus graysouii, adult female and immature male (p. 299) 



ii. Wing-edgings pale yello wish ; middle wing-coverts dull yellowish ; 



oulmen strongly curved Icterus wagleri, immature (p. 267) 



gg. Tail not more than 78.7. 



h. Sides, flanks, and upper tail-coverts grayish. 



Icterus abeillei, adult female and immature male (p. 318) 

 hh. Sides, flanks, and upper tail-coverta dull orange or yellowish. 

 i. Pileum without streaks or spots of black; back paler, grayer; 

 rump pale brownish gray. 



Icterus bullockii, adult female (sometimes) and immature 

 male (p. 315) 

 ii. Pileum streaked or spotted with black (sometimes uniform black) ; 

 back darker, more olivaceous; rump fulvescent. 



Icterus galbula, adult female and immature male (p. 311) 

 bb. Throat not black nor dusky. 

 c. Wing 78.7 or more. 

 d. Wing more than 101.6. 

 e. Brtast yellowish, dull orange, or whitish. 

 /. Wings without white markings. 



g. Pileum and back dull saffron yellowish; bill stouter. 



Icterus giraudii, young (p. 293) 

 gg. Pileum and back olive-greenish or dull olive. 



h. Pileum and back olive-greeniah; under parts canary yellow; bill 

 straighter. .Icterus melauocephalus melauocephalus, young (p. 281) 

 hh. Pileum and back dull brownish olive; under parts dull naples yel- 

 low; bill more curved Icterus wagleri, young (p. 267) 



ff. Wings with distinct whitish markings. 



g. Back dark grayish olive; middle wing-coverts dull light yellowish. 



Icterus northropi, immature male and female (p. 266) 

 gg. Back lighter grayish olive, yellowish olive, or yellowish olive-green; 

 middle wing-coverts white or tipped with white. 

 h. Tail more than 81.3. 

 i. Back more or less distinctly streaked with dusky. 

 ./. Sides of head yellowish gray ; throat dull sulphur yellow or light 



olive-yellow Icterus parisornm, 



adult female (usually) and immature male (p. 309) 



jj. Sides of head and throat orange-yellowish or chrome yellow. 



k. Larger,- with broader and conspicuous dusky streaks on back. 



Icterus sclateri, young (Addenda) 

 kk. Smaller, with narrower and inconspicuous streaks on black. 



Icterus pustulatus, young (p. 296) 

 ii. Back without dusky streaks. 

 j. Back and scapulars grayish olive. 

 k. Breast duller (ochre) yellowish. 



Icterus cucullatus cucuUatns, adult female (p. 288) 

 kk. Breast clearer yellow. 




B1KD8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEKIOA. 263 



I. Breast dull lemon or gamboge yellow. 



Icterus cuouUatus sennetti, adult female (p. 289) 

 Icterus cuouUatus nelaoni, adult female (p. 290) 



II. Breast orange-yellow or cadmium yellow. 



Icterus cucullatus igneus, adult female (p. 291) 

 jj. Back and scapulars olive-green. 

 k. Darker; bill smaller. 



Icterus xanthornus xanthornus, young (p. 301 ) 

 kk. Paler; bill larger. 



Icterus xauthoruus curasoensis, young (p. 303) 

 hh. Tail not more than 81.3. 



i'. Auricular region dull orange or yellowish (rarely pinkish); an 

 orange, yellowish, or (rarely) pinkish superciliary stripe; 



upper parts paler and grayer Icterus bullockii, 



adult female (usually) and immature male (p. 315) 

 a. Auricular region dull olive or dusky; no orange, yellowish, or 

 pinkish superciliary stripe; upper parts darker and browner. 

 Icterus galbula, adult female (sometimes) and immature 

 male (p. 311). 

 le. Breast deep olive-greenish, deep wax-yellowish, or brownish. 

 /. Breast brownish. 



g. Greater wing-coverta edged with pale yellowish; middle wing-coverts 

 pale yellow; throat distinctly brownish. 



Icterus dominicensis, young (p. 273) 

 gg. Greater wing-coverts edged with pale brownish ; middle wing-coverts 

 light olive-greenish; throat yellowish. 



Icterus portoricensis, young (p. 272) 



ff. Breast deep yellowish olive, olive-greenish, or deep wax yellow. 



g. Breast deep olive-greenish or yellowish olive; forehead dull brownish; 



chin dusky; tail grayish olive ...Icterus hypomelas, young (p. 271) 



gg. Breast deep wax-yellowish, like rest of under parts; forehead similar, 



but browner; tail yellowish olive Icterus oberi, young (p. 265) 



ICTERUS ICTERUS (Linnaeus). 



Admits {sexes alike). — Head, neck (except lower hindneck), chest, back, 

 scapulars, wings, and tail, black, the wings relieved by a broad white 

 stripe or longitudinal patch, involving the middle coverts, innermost 

 greater coverts, and broad edgings to innermost secondaries or tertials; 

 lesser wing-coverts, broad collar across lower hindneck and upper back, 

 sides of chest and under parts posterior to chest, rich orange yellow, 

 varying to lemon yellow or orange; bill black, with basal half of man- 

 dible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life); iiis light yellow or yel- 

 lowish white; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length 

 (skins), 228.6-264.2 (246.1); wing, 110.7-117.1 (116.1); tail, 94.5-107.2 

 (100.8); culmen,from base, 32.5-36.1 (34.6); depth of bill at base, 12.2- 

 12.7 (12.2); tarsus, 31.5-33.6 (32.3); middle toe, 22.4-24.6 (23.6).^ 



Northeastern coast of South America, in Colombia (Valle Dupar, 



' Seven specimens, only two of them with sex determined. 




264 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



etc., province Sauta Myiarchusrta), Venezuela (La Guayra; Carupano; Guan- 

 aguana; Myiarchusrgarita I.), Guiana?, and northeastern Brazil?, together 

 with outlying islands of Myiarchusrgarita, Trinidad, and Curapao.. Intro- 

 duced into West Indian islands of St. Thomas, Porto Rico, and Jamaica. 

 Said to have occurred at Charleston, South Carolina. 



lOriolm} icterus Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 161 (based on Le Troupiale 

 vulgaire Daubentonj PL Enl., pi. 532). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 384.— 

 Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 176. 



Icterus icterus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, sig. 23, Sept. 2, 1885, 355.— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 502. — Coky, Auk., 

 iii, 1886, 219 (synonomy and descr.) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 106; Cat. W. I 

 Birds, 1892, 110, 146 (Porto Rico, Jamaica, and St. Thomas; said to be 

 introduced). — Scott (W. E. D. ), Auk., x, 1893, 178 (apparently not now in 

 Jamaica). — Hartebt, Ibis, 1893, 297 (Aruba; crit. ; song), 317 (Curajao; 

 crit. ). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 466.- — Robinson, Flying 

 Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Myiarchusgdalena R., Colombia), 165 (Curasao); Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 674 (Myiarchusrgarita I., Venezuela). — Nehbling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 266. 



Ilcterus} icterus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 373. 



Icterus vulgaris Daudin, Traits d'Orn., ii, 1800, 340 (based on Le Troupiale imU 

 jroire Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 532). — Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1844, 

 357, pi. 499 (Charleston, South Carolina) . — Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. 

 Salt Lake, 1852, 332 (South Carolina); Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858,542 

 La Guayra, Venezuela) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 408) . — Sclater, Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 133 ("South America"); Ibis, 1883, 369 (monogr.); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 382 (Sierra Nevada de Santa Myiarchusrta, and Valle 

 Dupar, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia; Cardpano, Venezuela). — Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 46 (monogr. ; Venezuela; Guiana; Rio Negro; 

 n. Brazil; Jamaica; southern U. S.). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1868, 167 (Venezuela) .— Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 578 

 (Trinidad). — Baibd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 

 184.— Gundlach, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 209 (Porto Rico).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 200 (Valle Dupar, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colom- 

 bia, 700 ft.).— Ridgway, Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 265; Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., vii, 1884, 172 (St. Thomas, Lesser Antilles).— Coues, Check List, 2d 

 ed., 1882, no. 323.— Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. iii, 1892, p. xii 

 (Curacao; Aruba).— Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 103 (Curasao).— 

 Phelps, Auk., xiv, 1897, 364 (Guanaguana, Venezuela). 



[Icterus'] vulgaris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434.— Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr, 1873, 36.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 



I[cterus1 vulgaris Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104.— Coues, Key 

 N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 407. 



Coradas xanthornus (not Oriolus xanthomus Linnseiis) Scopon, Ann. Hist. -Nat., 

 i, 1768, 39. 



Agelaius longirostris Vibillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 547 (Brazil; 

 Guiana). 



Plendulinus} longirostris Vieillot, Enc. M^th., ii, 1823, 706. 



llcterus'] longirostris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 435. 



Icterus longirostris Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 46 (monogr.; Carta- 

 gena, Colombia). 



Icterus vulgaris subsp.? Peters, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 114 (Curasao). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 265 



ICTERUS OBERI Lawrence. 

 HONTSEKRAT ORIOLE. 



Adidt male. — Head, neck, chest, back, scapulars, wings, and tail 

 uniform black; upper rump lemon yellow, tinged with ochre-yellow 

 or yellowish russet, the rest of rump ochre-yellow or yellowish russet 

 superficially, lemon yellow beneath the surface; the upper tail-coverts 

 deeper, more russet, with concealed bases light lemon or canary yel- 

 low; under parts (posterior to chest) mixed deep ochraceous, ochre- 

 yellow and canary yellow, the last on basal portion of the feathers, 

 but exposed in places, especiallj' on sides; thighs clear yellow; under 

 wing-coverts light yellow; bill black, with basal portion of mandible 

 bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life?); legs and feet grayish dusky 

 (grayish blue in life?); length (skins), 213.4-218.4 (215.9); wing, 89.7- 

 89.9; tail, 95.8-97 (96.3); culmen, from base, 24.9-25.1; depth of bill 

 at base, 8.9-9.1; tarsus (one specimen), 25.4; middle toe, 16.3-17.3 

 (16.8).^ 



Adult {\) female.^ — Above yellowish olive-green, duller and grayer 

 on back and scapulars, tinged with safFron yellowish on forehead; 

 wings grayish dusky with rather broad edgings of light olive; lores 

 grayish dusky; under parts wax yellow or gallstone yellow, tinged 

 with olive-green, especially on sides and flanks; length (skin), 199.4; 

 wing, 82; tail, 87.6; culmen, from base, 22.4; depth of bill at base, 

 8.6; tarsus, 24.1; middle toe, 15.7.' 



Immaturemale {second ymr ?). — Similar to the supposed adult female, 

 as described above, but back grayer, lores deep black, and wing-edgings 

 more huffy or cinnamomeous. 



Island of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. 



Icterus oberi Lawhence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, sig. 22, Nov. 23, 1880, 351 

 (Montserrat, Lesser Antilles; ooU. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, 

 487, pi. 13.— ScLATER, Ibis, 1883, 362 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss.,-xi, 

 1886, 372.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 218 (synonymy and description); Birds 

 W. I., 1889, 105; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110, 132. 



[Icterus'] oberi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 



ICTERUS MACULI-ALATUS Cassin. 

 BAR-WINGED ORIOIE. 



Adults (sexes alike). — Head, neck, median portion of upper chest, 

 back, scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle coverts), and tail 

 black; outer web of greater wing-coverts tipped with white, forming 

 a band, and terminal half, or more, of longer primaries edged with 

 white; rest of plumage deep lemon or gamboge yellow, the under 



' Two specimens. 



^Possibly the sexes are alike in this species, as in other West Indian forms. 



' One specimen. 




266 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



parts (especially the breast) and lesser wing-coverts more saffron yel- 

 low; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale gray- 

 ish blue in life?); legs and feet grayish horn color (bluish gray in 

 life?); length (skin), 198.2; wing, 98.5; tail, 93.5; culmen, from base, 

 21.8; depth of bill at base, 9.1; tarsus, 23.9; middle toe, 15.7.' 



Pacific slope of Guatemala (Vera Paz; Aguna; Escuintla; Volcan de 

 Fuego; Volcan de Agua; San Pedro Myiarchusrtir). 



Icterus macuU-alalus Cassin, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii., 1847, 332 ("Vera 

 Cruz," i. e.. Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.) ; Journ. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., i, pt. ii, 1848, 137, pi. 16, fig. 1.— Sclateb, Cat. 

 Am. Bird.M, 1862, 132 (Aguna and Escuintla, Guatemala); Ibis, 1883, 363 

 (monogr.) ; Cat. Birds, Brit. Myiarchusa., xi, 1886, 373 (Volcan de Fuego, Volcan 

 de Agua, San Pedro Myiarchusrtir, Escuintla, and Aguna, Guatemala.) — Salvin 

 and ScLATER, Ibis, 1860, 398 (Volcan de Fuego).— ( ???) Duces, La Natu- 

 raleza, i, 1868, 139 (Guanajuato, Mexico).— Salvin and Goodman, Biol., 

 Centr. Am. Aves, i, 1887, 467. 

 [Iclerus'] macuU-alaius Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr, 1873, 36. 

 IPendulinus'] maculi-rilalus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 433 ("Mexico"). 

 Pendulums maadi-alatits Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. ,^ Apr. , 1867, 56 

 (monogr.; Vera Paz). 



ICTERUS NORTHROPI Allen. 

 NORTHKOP'S ORIOLE. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, upper chest, back, and scapulars uniform 

 deep black; whole rump, upper tail-coverts, lesser and middle wing- 

 coverts, and under jDarts, posterior to upper chest, lemon yellow, rather 

 paler on middle wing-coverts, especially the innermost; wings (except 

 middle and lesser coverts) and tail black, rather duller than that of 

 head, neck, etc.; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish 

 gray (pale grayish blue in life); legs and feet grajnsh dusky (grayish 

 blue in life?); length (skin), 213.i; wing, 99.1; tail, 89.4; culmen, from 

 base, 23.4; depth of bill at base, 8.6; tarsus, 25.1; middle toe, 18.3.'' 



Adult fetrmle. — Similar to the adult male, but coloration rather 

 duller; the black less intense; interscapulars narrowly margined with 

 olive-grayish; greater wing-coverts narrowly tipped with pale gray- 

 ish, and remiges narrowly edged with the same; yellow of rump tinged 

 with olive, the longer upper tail-coverts light yellowish olive with 

 dusky mesial streaks; length (skin), 199.7; wing, 92.2; tail, 91.4; 

 depth of bill at base, 8.6; tarsus, 25.4; middle toe, 18.* 



Immature male and female {second yearl). — Pileum and hindneck dull 

 yellowish olive, more grayish posteriorly; back and scapulars rather 

 light grayish olive; rump light yellowish olive, the upper tailcoverts 

 darker and more grayish; lesser wing-coverts light yellowish olive; 

 middle coverts grayish dusky basally, broadly tipped with pale yel- 



' One specimen, with sex undetermined. 



^ One specimen. 



"One specimen, with tip of maxilla broken off. 




BifiDS OF NOKTS AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 267 



lowish; rest of wings, and tail, deep brownish gray or hair brown, 

 with paler edgings; under parts lemon yellow, shaded with olive 

 anteriorly and laterally ; lores blackish. Older specimens are variously 

 intermediate between this plumage and the fully adult livery. 

 Bahamas (islands of Andros and Abaco.) 



Icteriia northropi Allen, Auk, vii, no. 4, Oct., 1890, 344 (Andros Island, Bahamas; 

 coll. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist.).— Northrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 71, pi. 1.— Cory, 

 Auk, viii, 1891, 350 (Abaco I., Bahamas); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110, 127, 

 146 (Andros and Abaco islands). 



ICTERUS WAGLERI Sclater. 

 WAGLEK'S ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Head, neck, chest, back, scapulars, wings 

 (except lesser and middle coverts), tail, and upper and under tail- 

 coverts uniform black; rest of plumage rich saffron or cadmium 

 yellow, more or less tinged with chestnut next to black of chest, where 

 the chestnut sometimes forms a distinct band; bill black, with basal 

 portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life?); iris dark 

 brown; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gra}^ in life?).' 



Inmature {second year?). — Pileum, hindneck, rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and lesser wing-coverts plain olivaceous saffron yellow; middle 

 wing-coverts similar at tips, the underlying portion blackish; back 

 and scapulars yellowish olive-green, narrowly streaked with dusky; 

 greater wing-coverts and secondaries dusky, edged with pale yellowish 

 gray (more broadly, the edgings more yellowish, on the former); 

 primaries dusky, narrowly edged with dull whitish ; four middle rectrices 

 dusky ; next pair dusky with outer web mostly olive, edged with saffron 

 yellowish; outermost rectrices dull saffron yellowish, dusky terminally; 

 lores, greater part of malar region, chin, throat, and median portion 

 of chest black; rest of under parts and sides of head (except as 

 described) rich saffron or Indian yellow. 



Younger {^first winter?). — Similar, but without black on chest and 

 throat (which are yellow, like rest of under parts) and upper parts less 

 yellowish, the back, scapulars, and wing-edgings olive-gray (the two 

 former narrowly streaked with black), the pileum and hindneck 

 yellowish olive-gray, very indistinctly streaked with darker. 



Totmg {first plumage). — Above plain rather light olive, slightly 

 browner on back and scapulars, more yellowish olive on head, neck, 

 lower rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings dusky with rather broad 

 olive-buff'y edgings; six middle tail-feathers dusky, edged with light 

 yellowish olive, the lateral rectrices light olive on inner web.s, their 

 outer webs yellowish olive; under parts entirely dull light yellow, 

 faintly shaded with olive across chest and along sides. 



'"Base of under mandible lead color; tarsi and toes dusky olive." (P. L. Jouy, 

 manuscript. ) 




268 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.. 



AdAilt ma/«.— Length (skins), 210.8-229.9 (222.8); wing, 9T.8-I13.8 

 (104.9); tail, 101.1-122.2 (108.2); culmen, from base, 23.4-25.4: (24.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.1 (8.6); tarsus, 24.1-25.9 (24.9); middle toe, 

 17.5-20.3 (18.3).' 



Adult female.— Ijf^v^gt'o. (skins), 194.3-223.5 (207); wing, 96.5-100.1 

 (98); tail, 79.5-104.4 (93.5); culmen, from base, 22.9-24.4 (23.6); depth 

 of bill at base, 8.1-8.4; tarsus, 23.4-25.1 (24.4); middle toe, 17.5- 

 18.3 (18).' 



From northern Mexico, in states of Sonora (Oposura, Alamos), 

 Chihuahua (near Batopilas), Coahuila (Saltillo), and Nuevo Leon (Dos 

 Arroyos), southward over nearly the whole of Mexico (except Yucatan) 

 to Guatemala (Duenas; Calderas; Volcan de Fuego; San Geronimo; 

 Hacienda Chancol, etc.). 



Ps\_a,Tocolmi\ flavigasler (not Pendulinus flavigasUr Vieillot, 1816) Waglek, Isis, 



1829, 756 (Mexico). 

 Icterus dominicenm (not Oriolus dominicensis Linnfeus) Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., 



n. s., i, 1827, 436 (Temascaltepec, Mexico). 

 [Pendulinus] dominicensis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 432. 

 Icterus wagleri Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 7 (Mexico; coll. P. L. 

 Sclater), 1859, 381 (VillaAlta, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 131 (Mexico), 

 Ibis, 1883, 362 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 372 (Oaxaca; 

 Presidio, near Myiarchuszatlan; Dnefias, Calderas, and Volcan de Fuego, Guate- 

 mala). — Baikd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv.; ix, 1858, 545 (Saltillo, Coahuila; 

 Guatemala); ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 61, fig. 2; Bep. U. S. and 

 Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19, pi. 19, fig. 2 (Saltillo, Coahuila); Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 412. — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Duenas, 

 Guatemala). — Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 468 (Volcan de Fuego; descr. nest).— 

 FiNscH, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 1870, 338 (Myiarchuszatlan). — Baied, Brewer, and 

 RiDQWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 188, footnote, pi. 35, fig. 2.— Law- 

 rence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 279 (Myiarchuszatlan; Guadalajara; Tepic; 

 habits; song). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 267. — Salvin, Cat. 

 Strickland Coll., 1882, 263 (Guatemala).— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 150 (Tecali and Huehuetlan, Puebla, .Tan., Feb.) — Jouy, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 781 (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco). — Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 466. 



' Nineteen specimens from Mexico. 

 ^Four specimens from Mexico. 



Specimens from eastern Mexico, western Mexico, and Guatemala average, respec- 

 rively, as follows: 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 269 



[Icterus} wagleri Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Am. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



J[cterm'] wagleri Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 375. 



Icterus waglerii Sumichkast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 562 (hot region, 



Vera Cruz) . 

 Pendulinus wagleri Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 55 (monogr.; Coa- 



huila; Myiarchuszatlan; San Geronimo, Guatemala). 

 [Icterus dominicensis] var. waglero, B.iIed, Bkewek, and Ridgwav, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 182. 

 Icterus wagleri castaneopectus Bebwstek, Auk, v, Jan., 1888, 91 (Oposura, Sonora; 



coll. W. Brewster) . 



ICTERUS PROSTHEMELAS (Strickland). 

 LESSON'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to i. wagleri but much smaller, black of chest extend- 

 ing over breast, and tail-coverts (both upper and lower) mostly 

 yellow.' 



Adults {sexes alike). — Head, neck, chest, upper breast (sometimes 

 whole breast), back, scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle 

 coverts), and tail black; rest of plumage deep lemon yellow, the yel- 

 low of the breast more or less tinged or mixed with chestnut next to 

 edge of black pectoral area; longer tail-coverts usually more ^r less 

 mixed with black, sometimes wholly black; bill black, with basal por- 

 tion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life ?) ; legs and feet 

 grayish dusky or dark grayish horn color (bluish gray in life?) 



Immature {second yearf). — Similar to adults, but back and scapulars 

 yellowish olive-green^ (some of the feathers with concealed central 

 areas of black), the lower hindneck more yellowish olive-green, or 

 olive-yellow (whole hindneck and occiput sometimes of this color). 



Young {first plumage). — Forehead (moi'e or less broadly), orbital 

 region, auricular and malar regions (except sometimes posterior portion 

 of the former), chin, throat, and median portion of upper chest dull 

 black; rest of head and neck, together with back, scapulars, rump, 

 and upper tail-coverts, dull olive-yellow or light yellowish olive-green, 

 the back and scapulars more or less clouded or blotched with black; 

 wings and tail dull black, the lesser and middle wing-coverts tipped 

 with dull olive-yellow or light yellowish olive-green; under parts 

 (except throat, etc.) light yellow (dull canary yellow or straw yellow). 



Adult mffl^e.— Length (skins), 180.3-207 (191.3); wing, 78.5-93.5 

 (86.6); tail, 84.6-100.8 (93.2); culmen, from base, 19.1-21.3 (20.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 7.1-8.1 (7.6); tarsus, 22.1-23.6 (22.9); middle 

 toe, 14.7-17.8(16.3).= 



Adult female.— Ij&ngth (skins), 180.3-195.6 (190.8); wing, 80.3-85.1 

 (83.1); tail, 84.1-90.7 (87.6); culmen, from base, 19.6-21.6 (20.6); 



' The longer coverts sometimes black or partly so, especially the upper coverts. 

 ^In this plumage very closely resembling in coloration adults of I. melanocephalus. 

 ^Twenty-one specimens. 




270 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



depth of bill at base, 7.9-8.6(8.1); tarsus, 22.1-23.9 (23.1); middle toe, 

 15.2-17.3 (16.5).' 



Southeastern Mexico, in Slates of Guanajuato(?), Vera Cruz, (Cor- 

 dova, Jalapa), Oaxaca (Chihuitan, Tehuantepec, Totontepec, Santo 

 Domingo), and Chiapas, southward through Central America to the 

 Isthmus of Panama. 



Xanthornus prosthemelas Strickland, Jardine's Oontr. Orn., 1850, 120, pi. 62 

 (Guatemala; coll. H. Strickland). 



Icterus prosthemelas Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruz); 1857, 7 (crit.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 132 ("Central America"); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 373 ( Corogal and Belize, British Honduras; Choc- 

 tum, Vera Paz, and sources Rio de la Pasion, Guatemala; San Pedro, Hon- 

 duras; Peje and Tucurriqui, Costa Rica).— Sclatee and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 

 20 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 279 (BlewfieldsR., Nicaragua); 

 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Mooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 

 (Comayagua, Honduras). — (?) Dur.EsLaNaturaleza, i, 1868,139 (Guanajuato, 

 Mexico).— La whence. Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 23 (Chihuitan, 

 Oaxaca). — Boixard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 59 (Naranjo, Costa Rica).— 

 Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9; An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 

 112 (Jimenez; Naranjo de Cartago). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1887, 580 (Truxillo, Honduras); x, 1888, 588 (Segovia R., Honduras).— Sal- 

 vin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 466. — Richmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 495 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). 



llcieriin'] prosthemelas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



Ilderusl prosthemelas Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 375. 



Icterus domliiirensis, var. prosthemelas Baihd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 182. 



' Nine specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 



As a rule, specimens from Honduras and Nicaragua have more black on the under 

 parts, that of the anterior portions extending farther backward (sometimes covering 

 entire breast), the sides and flanks more or less clouded or otherwise marked (some- 

 times heavily) with black. The series is not complete enough, however, to show 

 whether there are constant differences. 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 271 



Pendulinus prosthemelas Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 56 (monogr.).— 



Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (Tuourriqui, Costa Rica).— 



Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 302 (Costa Rica). 

 [Pendulinus] lessoni Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, June 15, 1850, 432 (Mexico; based 



on Troupiale noire A ventre jaune Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, no. 7). 

 Pendulinus lessoni Pucheran, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1854, 66 (crit.). 

 X[anthomus'] lessoni Cabanis,Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Aug., 1851, 184 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 

 (f) Icterus gualanensis Underwood, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,"no. Iv, June 30, 1898, p. 



lix (Gualan, Guatemala). 



ICTERUS HYPOMELAS (Bonaparte). 

 CTJBAN ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — General color uniform black; lesser and mid- 

 dle wing-coverts, rump, and thighs, lemon 3^6110 w; under wing-coverts 

 and axillars slightly paler (canary) yellow; shorter under tail-coverts; 

 and tips (more or less extensive) of longer under tail-coverts duller 

 (gallstone or saffron yellow); bill black, the mandible bluish gray (pale 

 grayish blue in life) basally: legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray 

 in life?). 



Immature {second year ?). — Head and neck dull olive-green becoming 

 more or less dusky on fore part of head, especially from lores to chin, 

 inclusive (whole throat, chin, malar region, and lores sometimes uni- 

 form black); back and scapulars dull grayish oliA-e-green, the feathers 

 indistinctly darker centrally: rump more yellowish olive-green, more 

 yellow on lower portion; lesser wing-coverts yellowish olive-green; 

 middle coverts more yellowish, .with a darker mesial streak; rest of 

 wings, and tail, grayish dusky with edgings of pale olive-grayish or 

 grayish buffy; under parts, except chin (and sometimes throat) plain 

 olive-green, duller anteriorly, brighter or more yellowish posteriorly. 

 [Older specimens variously intermediate in coloi'ation between this 

 plumage and the fully adult livery.] 



Adult «iffife.— Length (skins), 186.7-198.1 (190.8); wing, 94.2-96 

 (95.3); tail, 8i.3-91.9 (88.6); culmen, from base, 20.3-22.4 (21.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.1 (8.4); tarsus, 23.9-24.4 (24.1); middle 

 toe, 15-17.3 (16.8).^ 



Advlt female.— luQug^ (skins), 176.5-198.1 (186.7); wing, 89.^94.7 

 (91.9); tail, 81.3-92.7 (86.9); culmen, from base, 21.1-22.1 (21.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 8.1-8.4 (8.1); tarsus, 22.9-24.4 (23.6); middle 

 toe, 16-17.6 (16.8).' 



Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. 



Icterus dominicensis (not Oriolus dominicensis Linnaeus) Vigors, Zool. Journ., iii, 

 1828, 441 (Cuba).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1860, 268 (Cuba; 

 crit.). — Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 212 (Cuba).— Sclatek, Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 131, part (Cuba). 



1 Seven specimens. 




272 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Xanthomm dominicemis D'Oebigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 

 115, pi. 19 6is.— GuNDLACH, Journ. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1852, 318 (Cuba).— 

 Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 10. — Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 

 1860, 307 (Cuba). 



Icterus virescens (not of Daudin, 1800) Vigors, Zool. Journ., iii, Dec, 1827, 441 

 (near Havana, Cuba; coll. Zool. .Soc. Lond.). 



(?) Pslarocolim'] melanopsis "W agimr, Isis, 1829, 759 (no locality). 



[PenduUnus] hyponielas Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 433 (Cuba; "Mexico;" 

 ex Icterus hypomelas Du Bus, manuscript). 



PenduUnus hypomelas Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 59 (monogr.). 



Xanthomus hypomelas Gundlach, Eepert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 287; Journ. 

 fur Orn., 1874, 128. 



Icterus hypomelas Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 360 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mns., xi, 

 1886, 370 (San Cristobal, Cuba).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 215 (synonymy and 

 di^nosis) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 102; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 14, 110, 129 (Cuba; Isle 

 of Pines).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 305 (habits, etc.; crit.). 



[Icterus'] hypomelas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. — Cory, List 

 Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 



Icterus dominicensis, var. hypomelas Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 254, 

 footnote (crit. ). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 

 182, footnote. 



ICTERUS PORTORICENSIS (Bryant). 

 FORTO BIOATS ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Similar to /. dominicensis, but bill decidedly 

 largei" and relatively stouter, upper rump black, flanks black, and tail- 

 coverts (especially the upper) partly black; similar also to I. hypomdas, 

 but upper rump black, under tail-coverts mostly yellow, and lower part 

 of abdomen yellow, the bill also much longer, middle toe longer, and 

 tarsus shorter. 



Immature (second yea/rf). — Very different from corresponding stage 

 of I. hypomelas. Head and neck (except pileum and hindneck) gall- 

 stone or saffron yellow, brightest or clearest on malar region, chin, and 

 throat, more or less tinged with russet on lower throat, auricular 

 region, and lores; chest and breast dull gallstone yellow or light raw 

 sienna, passing into a more buffy olive hue on sides and flanks, the 

 under tail-coverts light yellowish olive or olive-yellow; pileum and 

 hindneck cinnamon-brownish, becoming more yellowish on forehead; 

 back and scapulars uniform light grayish brown; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts yellowish olive; lesser and middle wing-coverts dull olive- 

 yellowish or light yellowish olive; rest of wings deep hair brown with 

 paler edgings; edge of wing clear yellow; tail olive or olive-greenish. 



Young {first year). — Similar to the preceding, but coloration duller 

 and wing-edgings more buffy. 



Adult ??mZ<?.— Length (skins), 194.3-203.2 (197.9); wing, 88.9-96.8 

 (94); tail, 84.1-89.2 (86.9); culmen, from base, 23.4^25.7 (24.6); depth 

 of bill at base, 8.9-9.7 (9.1)-, tarsus, 22.9-23.1 (23.1); middle toe 

 17.3-18 (17.8).' 



^ Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 273 



Advlt female.—Length (skins), 199.7-209.6 (205); wing, 90.2-93.5 

 (91.7); tail, 79.8-86.4 (83.1); culmen, from base, 24.4-25.1 (24.6); 

 depth of bill at base (one specimen), 8.1; tarsus, 23.1-23.4; middle toe, 

 18-19.1 (18.5).' 



Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 



Icterus dominicenm (not Oriolus dominicensis Linnasus) Taylob, Ibis, 1864, 167 



(Porto Rico). 

 Icterus dominicensis var. portoricensis Bey ant, Proc. Best. Sog. N. H., x, 1866, 254 



(Porto Rico) .— Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 597.— 



Baied, Bee wee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 182, footnote. 

 Pendulinus portoricensis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 58 (monogr.). 

 Icterus portoricensis ScLATER, Ibis, 1883, 361 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss.,xi, 



1886, 371 (n. side Porto Rico).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 217 (synonymy and 



diagnosis); Birds W. I., 1889, 104 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15,110,132 



(Porto Rico). 

 llcterus] portoricensis Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36.— Coey, 



List Birds W- I., 1885, 13. 

 Xanlhomus portoricensii Gundlach, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 210 



(Porto Rico) . 



ICTERUS DOMINICENSIS (Linnjeus). 

 HAITIAIT ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Similar to I. hypomelas, but upper and under 

 tail-coverts wholly yellow and flanks more or less yellow; bill longer 

 and more slender. 



Young (first plumage). — Head and neck brown, becoming grayer 

 on chin and throat; back and scapulars more grayish (broccoli) brown; 

 lower rump light dull buffy yellowish, gradually shading into color of 

 back; lesser and middle wing-coverts light yellow, the former tinged 

 with brownish; greater coverts dusky, broadly edged with pale yel- 

 low; rest of wings grayish dusky with pale edgings, these neai-ly white 

 on terminal portion of longer primaries; tail olive with lighter, more 

 yellowish olive, edgings; under parts canary yellow posteriorly, shading 

 into wood brownish on breast, etc. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 185.4-207 (196.3); wing, 91.4-99.1 

 (96.8); tail, 82-90.9 (87.6); culmen, from base, 21.8-24.4 (23.1); depth 

 of bill at base, 7.6-8.4 (7. 9); tarsus, 23.4-24.9 (24.1); middle toe, 15.7- 

 19.3 (17.8).^ 



Adidt fe?nale. — Length (skin), 194.3; wing, 91.9; tail, 84.1; culmen, 

 from base, 22.1; tarsus, 24.1; middle toe, 18.3.^ 



Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 

 [Oriolus'] dominicensis Linmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 163 (based on Carouge 

 de St. Domingue Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 5, fig. 2).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 

 pt. i, 1788, 391.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 182. 



' Two specimens. 



^ Five specimens, three of them not sexed, but probably males. 



' One specimen. 



3654— VOL 2—01 18 




274 BULLETITSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Icterus dominicensisDAvmN, Traits d'Orn., ii, 1800, 335.— Tbmminck, Cat. Syst.,1807, 

 48.— Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 232 (Santo Domingo).— Sclatee, 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 131, part (Santo Domingo); Ibis, 1883, 361 (monogr.); 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 371 (Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo; Haiti).— 

 BhyaxNt, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 94 (Haiti; Santo Domingo).— Cory, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 152 (Haiti) ; Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 

 71, pi. (12) ; Auk, iii, 1886, 216 (synonymy and diagonsis); Birds W. I., 1889, 

 103 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 14, 110, 131 (Haiti; Santo Domingo).— 

 Tristram, Ibis, 1884, 168 (Samana, Santo Domingo). — Chbrrie, Contr. Orn. 

 San Domingo, 1896, 16. 



[Irtenis'] dominicemis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. — Cory, 

 List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 



Xanthomiis dominicenm Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 10. 



[Pendulinus] dominicenm JiONAPA-Rr^, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 432. 



Pendulinus dominicensis Cassis , Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 58 (monogr.; 

 Port an Prince, Haiti). 



Icterus dominicenm, var. dominicensis Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 182, footnote. 



PcraduZmiiS JZoOTjraster Vieillot Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., v. 1816, 317 {— Oriolus 

 dominicensis Linnaeus). 



P{endulinus'\ flavigaster Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 705. 



ICTERUS LAUDABILIS Sclater. 

 SANTA LUCIA ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — General color uniform deep black; lesser and 

 middle wing-coverts, whole rump, upper tail-coverts, flanks, lower 

 abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts, cadmium yellow varying 

 to cadmium orange;' under wing-coverts pale yellow, deepening into 

 brighter yellow or orange along edge of wing; bill black, with basal 

 portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life ?) ; legs and 

 feet dusky gray (grayish blue in life?). 



Im/mature {transition plvmage). — Head, neck, breast, back, scapulars, 

 greater wing-coverts, and a few of the rectrices black, the feathers of 

 the breast tipped with chestnut, and the hindneck tinged with the 

 same; rump and upper tail-coverts deep ocher-yellow, tinged with 

 olive; under parts (posterior to breast) deep ocher-yello wish; lesser and 

 middle wing-coverts light ocher-yellow blotched with black; remiges 

 grayish dusky edged with pale grayish brown; most of rectrices olive. 

 Adult male.— Length (skins), 188-201.9 (194.8); wing, 91.9-100.6 

 (96.3); tail, 90.9-95 (93); culmen, from, base, 23.6-25.9 (24.6); tarsus, 

 24.9-25.4 (25.1); 16-17.8 (16.5).' 



Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. 



' Some specimens have a greater or less admixture of chestnut at the line of junc- 

 tion of the black and yellow (or orange) of under parts. 



^ Two specimens, the only ones that are sexed in a series of six. The extreme and 

 average measurements of this series are as follows: Length (skins), 188-205.7 (197.9) ; 

 wing, 88.4-102.9 (96.5); tail, 84.3-101.6 (93.5); culmen, from base, 23.6-26.2 (24.6); 

 depth of bill at base (one specimen), 9.4; tarsus, 24.4-25.9 (25.1); middle toe, 

 15.7-19.1 (17). 




BIKDS OP NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 275 



Icterus lavidaMlis Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 270, pi. 21 (Santa Lucia, 

 Lesser Antilles; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1872, 649; 1889, 395; Ibis, 1883, 361 

 (monogr.); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 372.— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, V, 1880, 166.— Goby, Auk, iii, 1886, 217 (synonymy and diagnosis); 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 104; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892; 15, 110, 133.— Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii,.1890, 130. 



[Icterus'] laudabilis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36.— Cory, List 

 Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 



ICTERUS SPURIUS (Linnaeus). 

 OROEARS ORIOLE. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Head, neck, median portion of 

 upper chest, back, and scapulars, uniform black; wings (except lesser 

 and middle coverts) black, with narrow whitish edgings; tail black, 

 the extreme base abruptly yellowish; rump, upper tail-coverts, lesser 

 and middle wing-coverts, and under parts of body (including under 

 wing-coverts) uniform rich chestnut, often deepening into bay on 

 breast, etc., the rump and upper tail-coverts inclining to burnt sienna; 

 bill black with basal half of mandible bluish (pale grayish blue or 

 bluish white in life); iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color in 

 dried skins. 



Adult male in autum,n and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but scapulars and interscapulars (sometimes feathers of 

 head and neck also) margined with buffy grayish, light olive, or chest- 

 nut, and those of the chestnut under parts (sometimes) indistinctly 

 tipped or margined with yellowish. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Above yellowish olive-green, 

 becoming lighter and more yellowish on upper tail-coverts and tail, the 

 back duller, with feathers indistinctly darker centrally; under parts 

 dull canary yellow, tinged with olive on sides and flanks; wings dusky, 

 all the feathers margined with light olive-grayish (these edgings 

 approaching white on longer primaries), the middle and greater cov- 

 erts broadly tipped with dull whitish, forming two bands. 



Myiarchusle in second year. — Similar to adult female, but lores, anterior 

 portion of malar region, chin, and throat black.* 



Young (both sexes) in first plwnage. — Similar to the adult female, 

 but lighter wing-markings tinged with buff. 



Adult mafe.— Length (skins), 147.3-165.1 (157.7); wing, 73.9-82.6 

 (78.2); tail, 63.5-74.9 (69.1); exposed culmen, 15-17.5 (16.3); depth of 

 bill at base. 6.6-7.9 (7.6); tarsus. 20.6-22.9 (21.6); middle toe, 13-16.5 

 (15).^ 



Adult female.— hengih. (skins), 149.9-160 (154.4); wing, 68.6-77.5 



* Breeds in this plumage. Myiarchusles more than one year old, but not yet fully adult, are 

 variously intermediate between this black-throated yellow plumage and the fully 

 adult livery as described above, 



' Thirty specimens. 




276 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(73.2); tail, 63.5-73.7 (66.5); exposed culmen, 15.2-17.3 (15.7); depth 

 of bill at base, 6.6-7.6 (7.4); tarsus, 20.6-23.1 (21.6); middle toe, 

 13.2-15.5 (14.6).^ 



Eastern United States and whole of Mexico; breeding from the Gulf 

 coast (northern Florida to southern Texas) north to Connecticut, south- 

 ern New York, southern Ontario (Hamilton, London, Dunnville), 

 southern Myiarchuschigan (south of 43°), southern Wisconsin, centra^. Myiarchusnne- 

 sota, and southern North Dakota, but occurring irregularly or casu- 

 ally as far north as southern New Brunswick, Myiarchusine (Androscoggin, 

 Knox, and Washington counties), and Vermont (Myiarchusddlebury); west to 

 across the Great Plains; south in winter over whole of Mexico and 

 Central America to northern Colombia (Cartagena, Rio Atrato); Cuba. 

 (Southern limit of breeding range unknown, but probably extending 

 over part of Mexico, possibly to Guatemala.)^ 



[Oriolus] spurius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 162 (based on Icterus minor 

 Catesby, Carolina, i, 49; Icterus minor spurius Brisson) . — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 

 i, pt. i, 1788, 389.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 180. " 

 Icterus spurius Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 47.— Bonapaktb, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., iii, 1823, 363; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 51; Geog. and Comp. List, 

 1838, 29.— NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 165.— Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 221, pi. 42; v. 1839, 485; Synopsis, 1839, 144; Birds Am., 

 oct. ed., iv, 1842, 46, pi. 219.— Gikaud, Birds Long I., 1844, 144.— Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 547; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 

 ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19 (w. Texas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 414.— Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, 

 Vera Cruz), 380 (Oaxaca, Myiarchusr.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 130 (Pennsylvania); 

 Ibis, 1883, 357 (monogr.); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 366 (Jalapa, Vera 



' Nine specimens. 



Dividing the collection of breeding birds, or those obtained during the months of 

 April to first half of August, inclusive, into five series, representing, respectively, the 

 Atlantic coast States, southern Florida, the Myiarchusssissippi Valley, southern Texas, and 

 various parts of Mexico, their average measurements are foimd to be aa follows: 



'' Among Mexican specimens in the collection of the Biological Survey are one from 

 Lagos, Jalisco, taken in June, one from Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, taken in July, and one 

 from Oatemaco, Vera Cruz, taken in Myiarchusy. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 277 



Oruz; Presidio, nearMyiarchuszatlan; Belize, British Honduras; Duefias, Cahabon, 

 Retalhuleu, sources Rio de la Pasion, and Coban, Guatemala; Cozumel I., 

 Yucatan; San Pedro, Honduras; Irazii distr., Costa Rica; Lion Hill and 

 Panama, Panama R. R.). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 331 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama R. R.) ; viii, 1865, 177 (David, Chiriqui) ; viii, 1866, 289 (vie. 

 New York City). — Kbnneely, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 31 

 (San Antonio, Texas). — Verhtll, Proc. Essex Inst., ill, 1862, 157 (s. Myiarchusine, 

 rare). — Sclatek and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama R. R.); 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 

 493 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding). — MyiarchusIlwhaith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 

 1866, 90 (Hamilton, Ontario, casual). — Gundlach, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 

 i, 1866, 286; Journ. fur Orn., 1874, 127 (Cuba); Orn. Cub., 1893, 114.— Sal- 

 vin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (David, Chiriqui). — Butcher, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, June, Aug.). — Sumioheast, 

 Mem. 'Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (Vera Cruz).— Trippe, Proc. Boat. Soc. 

 N. H., 1872, 239 (Iowa, breeding).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 

 138 days (Fort Hays, w.Kansas, breeding) , 150 (Denver, Colorado, summer), 

 178 (Kansas; Colorado); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 60 (second crossing 

 Heart R., e. Montana, July ).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 215; 2d ed., 1882, 

 no. 324; Birds N. W., 1874, 192; Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 

 1878, 604 (Pembina, North Dakota, 1 spec, June 6). — Ridgwav, Bull. Essex 

 Inst, V, 1873, 184 (Colorado) ; Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 270; Orn. Illi- 

 nois, i, 1889, 320. — Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8. — Baied, Beewer, andRiDG- 

 WAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 190, pi. 34, figs. 4, 5, 6.— Myiarchusynaed, Amef. 

 Sportsman, iv, 1874, 155 (Ipswich, Myiarchusssachusetts, casual; West Meriden, 

 Connecticut, breeding); Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 144. — Gentry, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1874, 99 (habits).— Meehan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 84 

 (habits).— Beewbe, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 442 (s. New England, 

 breeding).— Brewster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 1875, 141 (Ritchie Co., West 

 Virginia; habits; song). — Mbreiam, Trans. Conn. Acad., iv, 1877, 46 (Con- 

 necticut, breeding). — MyiarchusCauley, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iii, 

 1877, 668 (n. Texas and Indian Terr., breeding) '.-Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 25 (Hidalgo, s. Texas, breeding).— Rath- 

 bun, Rev. List Birds, Centr. N. Y., 1879, 21 (summer resid.). — MyiarchusChesney, 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 79 (Fort Sisseton, South 

 Dakota, breeding).— Gibes, Bull. TJ. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 

 488 (Myiarchuschigan, breeding s.- of 43°).— Brown (N. C.) , Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 ii, 1882, 40 (Boerne; Kendall Co., w. Texas, 1 spec, Apr.).— Zeledon, Cat. 

 Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10; An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 12 (Alajuela; 

 Cartago).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 892 (Ometepe, Nicara- 

 gua).— Knowlton, Auk, i, 1884, 390 (Myiarchusddlebury, Vermont, 2 specs., June 

 1, 1883).— BicKNELL, Auk, ii, 1885, 251 (Riverdale, s. e. New York; song).— 

 Agersboeq, Auk, ii, 1885, 282 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding).— Coky, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 218; Birds W. I., 1889, 105; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 110 (Cuba).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 506. — Feeeaei- 

 Peeez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 150 (Huexotitla and Chietla, Puebla, 

 Dec.).— Butlee, Bull. Brookv. Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 29 (Franklin Co., 

 Indiana, common summer resid.).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., 

 Aves, i, 1887, 464.— Hancock, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 18 

 (Corpus Christi, Texas, breeding).— Brodie, Auk, v, 1888, 211 (Toronto, 

 Ontario, Myiarchusy 13).— Keyes and Williams, Trans. Davenp. Ac. Sci., v, 

 1888 (Des Moines, Iowa, breeding).— Cooke, Birds Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 

 1888, 168-170 (locahties, dates, etc.); Birds Colorado, 1897, 94 (Denver, 1 

 spec); Bull. Col. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 1898, 164 (Beaver Creek Valley, Ere- 




278 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



mont Co., 3 specs., Blay, 1875). — Cherrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 334 (San Jos^, 

 Costa Rica, July 31 to- Myiarchusr. 2); ix, 1892, 250 (do.); Expl. Zool. Costa Eica, 



1893, 30 (Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica.). — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 xiii, 1891, 580 (Pembina, North Dakota) .—Smith (R. W.), Journ. Cine. Soc. 

 N. H., 1891, 119 (Warren Co., s. w. Ohio, breeding). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 

 1891, 402 (whole State, breeding).— Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 280 (San 

 Antonio, Texas, breeding). — Hatch, Birds Myiarchusnnesota, 1892, 280 (summer 

 resid.). — MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds Ontario, 1892, 285 (London, Dunnville, and 

 Hamilton, breeding). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 496 (Rio 

 Escondido, Nicaragua, Aug. 20 to Feb. 23) . — Singley, Rep. Geol. Surv. Texas, 



1894, 372 (Hidalgo; Corpus Christi).— Wayne, Auk, ii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa 

 R., n. w. Florida, breeding). — Ulrey and Wallace, Proc. Indiana Acad. 

 Sci. 1895, 153 (Wabash, n. Indiana, common summer resid. ) . — Bendire, Life 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 479, pi. 7, figs. 3-5 (eggs).— Nehrling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 280, pi. 30, fig. 4. — Oberholser, Bull. Ohio 

 Agric. Exp. Sta., tech. ser., i, no. 4, 1896, 303 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, sum- 

 mer resid.). — Butler, Birds Indiana, 1897, 898 (whole State). — Knight, 

 Bull. Univ. Myiarchusine, no. 3, 1897, 88 (Androscoggin, Knox, and Washington 

 counties, Myiarchusine, accidental). — Posson, Auk, xvi, 1899, 195 (Orleans Co., 

 New York, several records). — Samuel, Auk, xvii, 1900, 391, 392 (Toronto, 

 Ontario, breeding).— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-1899 (1900), 105 

 (Louisiana, breeding). 



[Icterus] spurius Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 158. — Sclater and Salvin, 



Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 

 I [cterus] spurius Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 111 (n. e. Illinois, com- 

 mon summer resid.). — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 407. — Ridg- 



WAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 376. 

 [Yphanies'] spurius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 432. 

 X [anthornusl spurius Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Aug., 1851, 184. 

 Xanthomus spurius Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 8 (Costa Rica). — Lawrence, 



Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. 



fur Orn., 1869, 303 (Costa Rica). 

 Pendulinus spurius Ckfrnvi, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 61 (monogr.). 

 [Icterus gpurius'] a. spurius Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 192 (in synonymy). 

 [Orioliis] varius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 390 (based on Carouge, de Cayenne, 



Daubenton, PL Enl., 607, fig. 1). 

 X[anthomus\ varius Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 344. 

 Xanthornus varius Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 



79 (Indian Territory.).— Ha ymond, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 291 



(Franklin Co., Indiana). 

 Icterus varius Daudin, Traits d'Orn., 1800, 334. 

 Icterus varius juv., Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 1 (Mexico); 



Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 56. 

 (?) [Oriolus} capensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 392 (based on Xanthomus 



capitis honse esperance Brisson, Orn., ii, p. 128). 

 [Turdus] ater Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 830 (based on Merle d. gorge noir, deSt. 



Domingue, Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 559, = immature male). 

 [Oriolml castaneus Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 181 (same basis as 0. varius 



Gmelin).— Shaw, Gen. Zool., vii, 1809, 427. 

 Icterus castaneus Daudin, Traits d'Orn., 1800, 353. 

 Pslarocoliu^l castaneus Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 18 (= Oriolus 



spurius Gmelin, etc.) . 

 [Turdm} jugularis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 364 (same basis as T. ater 



Gmelin). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 279 



Plendulinm'] solitaris Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 705 (based on Bastard Oriole 

 Cateaby, Nat. Hist. Carolina). 



Pendulinvs viridis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., v, 1816, 301. 



Pendulinus nigricoUis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., v, 1816, 318. 



Oriolus mutaius Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 64, pi. 4, figs. 1-4. 



Xanthornmaffinis Lawr-ej^ce, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., v, 1852, 113 (Eio Grande, 

 Texas; coll. G. N. Lawrence). — Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni 

 and Col. R., 1853, 79 (Texas).— Baied, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 

 1853, 332 (Rio Grande).— Kenneely, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., iv, pt. vi, 

 1857, 10 (75 m. w. of Albuquerque, New Mexico). — Heeemann, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., X, no. 1, 1859, 17 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding).— Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860, 140 (Rio Atrato, Colombia). 



Idems affinis Scl.ater and Salvin, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 20 (Guate- 

 mala).— Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 34 (Duenas and Coban, Guatemala, 

 July, numerous!).— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 130 (Jalapa) ; Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1864, 175 (Valley of Mexico). 



Bananivorus affinis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



Pendulinus affinis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 61 (monogr.). 



[Icterus spuriusl Var. affinis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 158. 



Icterus spurius . . . var. affinis Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 215a. 



Icterus spurius var. affinis Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 24 

 (Chihuitan, Santa Efigenia, and Teliuantepec City, Oaxaca); Mem. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 279 (Myiarchuszatlan; plains of Colima).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 135 (Fort Brown, Texas, breeding). 



Icterus spurius affinis Coues and Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 V, 1879, 397 (Lometa, Texas, breeding).— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, 

 no. 325.— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 167 (s. e. Texas, 

 breeding; descr. nests). 



[Icterus spurius] b. affinii Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 193 (in synonymy). 



I[cteriis1 s[purius'] affinis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 408. 



ICTERUS BONANA (Linnaeus). 

 MARTINiaUE ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Head, neck, chest, and uppei- breast rich very 

 dark chestnut or bay; back, .scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle 

 coverts), and tail black; lesser and middle wing-coverts, lower rump, 

 and under parts of body (posterior to upper breast) deep orange-rufous 

 or rufous-tawny, deepest on lower breast, where sometimes almost 

 chestnut; upper part of rump, thighs, and under wing-coverts orange- 

 ochraceous or dull orange-yellow; upper and under tail-coverts 

 orange-rufous or rufous-tawny, the longer feathers tipped with black; 

 bill black, the basal portion of mandible pale bluish gray; legs and 

 feet grayish dusky (bluish gray or grayish blue in life?). 



Young. — Similar to adults, but colors duller and plumage of looser 

 texture. 



Adult male. — Length (skin), 182.9; wing, 86.9; tail, 83.8; culmen, 

 from base, 8.1; tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 15.5.' 



Adult fetnale.—ljength (skin), 193; wing, 77;^ tail, 84.6; culmen, 



' One specimen. ^ Unreliable measurement (primaries molting) . 




280 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



from base (two specimens), 21.8-22.1; depth of bill at base, 8.9; 

 tarsus (two specimens), 21.8-23.1 (22.4); middle toe, 15.7.' 

 Island of Myiarchusrtinique, Lesser Antilles; Island of Guadeloupe?? 



[Orioliis} banana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 162 (based on Icterus minor, 

 niduni suspendens, Sloane, Jam., ii, 299, pi. 257, fig. 1) . — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 

 1788, 390.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 181. 



Icterus bonana Daddin, Traits' d'Orn., ii, 1800, 332.— Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 167 (Myiarchusr- 

 tinique). — Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 355 (Myiarchusrtinique; 

 habits). — OoEY, Auk, iii, 1886, 215 (synonymy; diagnosis); iv, 1887, 96 (Myiarchusr- 

 tinique); Birds W. I., 1889, 102; Oat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110, 133 (Myiarchusr- 

 tinique). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 368 (Myiarchusrtinique). 



^Icterus'] bonana Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. — Cohy, List 

 Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 



Icterus bonarne SchAimi, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 131 ("Antilles"). 



Pendulinus banana Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat, v, 1816, 316. 



[^Pendulinus] bonana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 432. 



Pendulinus bonana Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,. Apr., 1867, 54 (monogr). 



Psarocolius bonana Wagleb, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 19. 



X.\_anthornus] bonana Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein, 1, 1851, 183 (Myiarchusrtinique). 



(?) Pendulinus rufiga^ter YiEiLLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., v, 1816, 321 (" Am^r- 

 ique m^ridionale " '). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 55 (monogr.; 

 Guadeloupe). 



(?) P[endulinus] rufigaster Vieillot, Enc. M^th., ii., 1823, 708. 



(?) [Bananivorus] rufigaster Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., 1823, 834 (Guadeloupe). 



ICTERUS MELANOCEPHALUS MELANOCEPHALUS (Wagler). 

 BIACE-HEASES ORIOLE. 



Adult male.- — Head, upper part of neck, median portion of upper 

 chest, wings (except lesser and part of middle coverts), and tail black, 

 the tertials usually more or less edged with whitish or pale brownish 

 gray; lower hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 dull saflfron yellow or wax yellow, more or less tinged with olive- 

 green, the scapulars partly black; sides of neck, lesser wing-coverts, 

 and under parts (except as described) deep lemon or gamboge yellow, 

 sometimes (though rarely) tinged with orange; middle wing-coverts 

 mostly black; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray 

 (pale grajash blue in life ?) ; legs and feet grayish horn-color (bluish 

 gray in life?); length (skins), 193-213.4 (205.5); wing, 98.5-98.3 (96.5); 

 tail, 90.2-102.4 (96.5); culmen, from base, 22.4-23.4 (22.9); depth of 

 bill at base, 10.4-10.9 (10.7); tarsus, 24.9-27.4 (26.2); middle toe, 

 17-18.5 (17.8).' 



^ One specimen. 



^ There is a verymaterial discrepancy betweenVieillot's original description and the 

 later one by Bonaparte. Vieillot describes his P. rufigaster as having the belly and 

 posterior parts ( " a le ventre et les parties posterieures '-') deep russetor rusty (" roux 

 ardent " ) , the rest of the plumage black. Bonaparte, although apparently describing 

 Vieillot's type, gives the color of the head, neck, and breast as chestnut — iu short, 

 describes a bird (said to be from Guadeloupe) very like/, bonana. Possibly "partes 

 posterieures ' ' in Vieillot's description is an error ( lapsus pennse) for partes anterieures. 



' Six specimens. 




BIBDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEBIOA. 281 



Adult female. — Similar to adult male, but smaller and slightly duller 

 in color, the back, etc., inclining more decidedly to olive-green; length 

 (skins), 198.1-214.6 (204); wing, 89.1-95.8 (91.9); tail, 88.9-99.1 (92.2); 

 culmen, from base, 22.4-23.6 (23.1); depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.4 

 (10.4); tarsus, 25.4-26.9 (26.2); middle toe, 17.5-18 (17.8).' 



Invmature {second year f). — Similar to adult female, but still more 

 decidedly olive-green above; wings and tail dusky brownish gray, the 

 former with pale olive-grayish, the latter with yellowish olive-green 

 edgings; yellow of under parts shaded laterally with olive-greenish. 



Young. — No black on head, neck, or chest, the color being yellow- 

 ish olive-green above, pale lemon yellow beneath; otherwise as in the 

 immature stage described above. 



Southern portion of the Mexican plateau, in States of Sau Luis 

 Potosi (Valles; Toncanhuitz), Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Myiarchusrador; Orizaba; 

 Jico; Papantla), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca), Oaxaca (Pluma; Mount Zem- 

 poaltepec), Chiapas (Guichicovi), Mexico (Valley of Mexico), and 

 •Jalisco (San Sebastian). 



Fs\aTocolmi\ melanocephalus Wagler, Isis, 1829, 756 (Mexico). 



Icterus melanocephalus Hahn, in Kuster's Vog. aus Asien, Lief vi, 2, pi. 3. — Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, 90 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 1867, 53 (monogr.; 

 Jalapa, Myiarchusrador, and Orizaba, Vera Cruz); Illuatr. Birds Cal., Tex., etc., 

 1854, pi. 21 (not description, which = I.m. audubonii). — Sclatbr, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Mexico); 1858, 97, part (tierra caliente, Vera 

 Cruz; crit); 1859, 365 (Jalapa); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 132 (s. Mexico); 

 Ibis, 1883, 365 (monogr.); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 375, part.— Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific E. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 543; Oat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 410.— 

 SuMyiarchusCHRAST, Merii. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (temperate region, Vera 

 Cruz). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 186. — 

 Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 23 (Guichicovi, Chiapas, 

 Sept.).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 236.— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Oentr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 468, part. — Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. 

 N. H., X, 1898, 30 (Jalapa; song).— Lantz, Trans. Kans. Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 

 (1899), 222 (S. Tomas, Guatemala). 



[Iclerus] melanocephalus Sclatbr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



I[(ieru.s\ melanocephalus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 185 (Jalapa). — Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 374. 



[Xanthomus'] melanocephalus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434, part. 



[Icterus melanocephalus} var. melanocephalus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 182. 



[Icterus melanocephalus] b. Subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 375, in list of specimens (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Oaxaca). 



Icterus graduacauda liSssoN, Rev. Zool., 1839, 105 (Mexico). 



I[ctei-us] graduacauda Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 343. 



(?) Icterus audubonii (not of Giraud) Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 132 (Jalapa 

 and Orizaba, Vera Cruz). 



Icterus audubonii Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 553 (temperate 

 region, Vera Cruz).— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 2d ed., 

 1895, no. 503, part (Oaxaca). 



Icterus auduboni Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 150 (Jalapa, 

 Aug., Sept.). 



' Three specimens. 




282 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



{f.) Icterus virescens (not of Vigors, 1828) Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., ser. 2, xl, 

 Dec, 1875, 798 (Mexico; coll. Brussels Myiarchuss.). 



ICTERUS MELANOCEPHALUS AUDUBONII (Giraud). 

 AUDUBOirS ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. m. vielanocephaVus, but much larger and with broad white 

 edgings to innermost secondaries, the greater wing-coverts also usually 

 broadly edged with white near tips. 



AdMlt male.— Length (skins), 214.6-233.7 (227.6); wing, 96.3-102.4 

 (100.6); tail, 102.6-106.2(104.6); culmen, from base 25.7-28.2(26.4); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.7-11.4 (10.9); tarsus, 26.9-27.9 (27.2); middle 

 toe, 17.5-19.6 (18.5).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 203.2-236.2 (221.5); wing, 94^98 

 (96); tail, 99.6-105.9 (102.9); culmen, from base, 21.8-26.4 (24.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.9-10.9 (10.4), tarsus, 24.9-27.4 (26.9); middle 

 toe, 17.5-19.3 (18.5).' 



Northeastern Mexico, in States of Nuevo Leon (Linares; Rodriguez; 

 Monterey), Tamaulipas (Myiarchustamoras; Charco Escondido; Victoria), 

 San Luis Potosi (Hacienda Angostura), and Mexico (Valley of Mexico), 

 and southern Texas (Ringgold Barracks; Rio Grande City; Hidalgo; 

 Brownsville; Lometa, etc., occasionally to San Antonio). 



Icterus auduhonii Giraud, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, 3 (Texas; type in coll 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ).— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 542 (Myiarchustamoras, 

 Tamaulipas; Ringgold Barracks, Texas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 409; 

 Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19. (Charco Escondido and 

 Myiarchustamoras, Tamaulipas; Ringgold Barracks, Texas). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1864, 175 (Valley of Mexico); Ibis, 1883, 366 (monogr.).— Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 53 (monogr.; Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, 

 n. e. Mexico; Texas; "New Mexico"). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 ili, 1880, 183, 233.— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 503.— Attwater, Auk, viii, 1892, 238 (San Antonio, Texas, Myiarchusr. 27 and Feb. 

 13).— JouY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893,781 (Hacienda Angostura, San 

 Luis Potosi, Dec. 10, 16).— Singley, Rep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 372 (Rio 

 Grande City; Hidalgo).— Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 469, 

 pi. 6, figs. 25-27 (eggs).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 267. 

 Icterus auduboni Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 381 (Juquila).— Baied, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 35, fig. 1.— Sennett, 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 26 (Brownsville and Hidalgo, 

 Texas; habits, song, etc.); v, 1879, 399 (Lometa, Texas; habits; descr. nest 

 and eggs; measurements).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 134(Fort 

 Brown, Texas; song, etc.).— RidgWay, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 226. 

 {^Icterus'] auduboni Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 

 I[cterus'\ audubonii Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 374. 

 [Icterus] {melanocephalus var.?) audubomi Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 159. 

 Icterus melanocephalus . . . var. auduboni Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 220. 

 Icterus melanocephalus, var. auduboni Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 186. 

 Icterus melanocephalus auduboni Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 330. 

 I[cterus] m [elanocephalus] auduboni CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 2ded., 1884, 410. 



' Five specimens. 




BIED8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 283 



[Icterus melanocephalun] a. Subsp. auduboni Sclatbr, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 



1886, 375, in list of specimens (Myiarchustamoras). 

 [Xanlhornus} melanocephalus (not Psarocolius welanocephalus Wagler) Bonaparte, 



Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434, part. 

 Icterus melanocephalus Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 332 



(Texas).— Cassin, Illustr. Birds Cal., Tex., etc., 1854, 137 (not pi. 21,=true 



I. melanocephalus). ScjuATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 97, part (Orizaba, 



Very Cruz; crit. ). 



ICTERUS PECTORALIS PECTORALIS (Wagler). 

 SPOTTED-BREASTED ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike).— hoves, triangular postocular spot, anterior 

 portion of malar region, chin, throat, and median portion of chest 

 deep black; rest of head and neck rich cadmium orange; back and 

 scapulars uniform deep black; wings (except lesser and middle coverts) 

 and tail black, the former relieved by broad white edgings to tertials 

 (producing a conspicuous wedge-shaped stripe in closed wing) and, 

 usually, by more or less of white at base of second to seventh pri- 

 maries; lateral rectrices more or less broadly margined terminally 

 with dull grayish; lesser and middle wing-coverts, whole rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, and under parts (except chin, throat, and median portion 

 of chest) rich orange-yellow sr orange, the sides of breast and chest 

 (.sometimes median portion of the former also) marked with triangular 

 spots of black; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray 

 (pale grayish blue in life); legs and feet dusky grayish (bluish gray or 

 grayish blue in life?); length (skins), 199.7-238.8 (217.9); wing, 100.3- 

 111.3 (104.6); tail, 96.6-109.2 (102.1); culmen, from base, 21.3-24.4 

 (22.9); depth of bill at base, 9.1-9.7 (9.4); tarsus, 2,5.7-28.2 (26.9); 

 middle toe, 18.3-20.3 (18.5).' 



Southern Mexico, in States of Oaxaca (Putla, Juchitan, Santa 

 Eiigenia, etc.) and Chiapas (Tonala), Guatemala (Vera Paz, Retal- 

 huleu, Escuintla, Savana Grande, San Geronimo, etc.) and Salvador 

 (Acajutla). 



Ps[arocolius'} pecioralis '^ AGhKR, Isis, 1829, 755 (Mexico). 



[Iclerusi pedoraZis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 435. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, .part (Mexico; Guatemala).— Des Myiarchusrs, Icon. 

 Orn., 1845-46, pi. 10 (Mexico). 



Icterus pectoralis ScLATB-R,' Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857,205 (Mexico); Ibis, 1883, 

 372, part (monogr. ) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 385, part (Putla, Oaxaca; 

 Tonala, Chiapas; Savana Grande, San Geronimo, and Retalhuleu, Guate- 

 mala) . — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 19 (Vera Paz, Guatemala). — Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 48, part (monogr.; Coban, Guatemala).— 

 Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 23 (Juchitan and Santa 

 Eflgenia, Oaxaca).— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882,264 (Guatemala).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 474, part (Mexican 

 references and localities; Escuintla, etc., Guatemala; Acajutla, Salvador). — 

 Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 222 (Palin, Guatemala). 



Icterus guttulatus Lafresnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool., 2" s^r., an. 1844, Ois., pp. 1-4, pi. 

 52 (M exico?). 



' Seven specimens, of which only one is sexed. 




284 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ICTERUS PECTORALIS ESPINACHI Ridgway. 

 ESFINAGE'S ORIOLE, 



Similar to I. p. pectoralis, but decidedly smaller (except feet). 

 Ackdt male.— h&ngih (skins), 205.7-213.4 (210.8); wing, 96.8-101.1 

 (99.1); tail, 89.4-97 (94.2); culmen, from base, 21.6-23.4 (22.1); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.1-10.2 (9.7); tarsus, 27.4r-27.9 (27.4); middle toe, 

 19.3-19.5 (18.3).^ 

 Adult female.— yfing, 91.4; tarsus, 27.9; middle toe, 17.3.' 

 Nicaragua (Chontales?; Myiarchusnagua; San Juan) and western Costa Eica 

 (La Palma, Gulf of Nicoya; Liberia). 



Icterus pectoralis (not Psarocolius pectoralis Wagler) Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 134, part (Nicaragua) ; (?) Ibis, 1873, 373 (Chontales, Nicaragua); Ibis, 1883, 

 372, part (monogr.); (?) Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 385, part (Chon- 

 tales). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 48, part (Nicaragua; Costa 

 Eica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (Costa Rica). — Fkantztos, 

 Journ. fiir Orn.,'1869, 302 (Costa Rica). — Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa 

 Rica, 1882, 9. — Salvin and Oodman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 474, 

 part (Chontales and San Juan, Nicaragua; La Palma, w. Costa Eica).— 

 Undi'.rwood, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Volcan de Myiarchusravalles, Costa Rica). 

 [Icterusl pectoralis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part (Costa 



Rica) . »> 



Icterus gullulatua (not of Lafresnaye) Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn. , 1861, 9 (Costa Rica). 

 Icterus pectoralis espinachi "Nutting (MS.) " Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 

 sig. 25, Sept. 5, 1882, 392 (La Palma, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss. 1.— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 392 (song).— Zeledon, 

 An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Liberia, Costa Eica). 

 Icterus espinachi Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9. 



ICTERUS GULARIS GULARIS (Wagler). 

 LICHTENSTEIN'S ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Lores, anterior portion of malar region, chin, 

 throat, and median portion of upper chest uniform black; rest of head 

 and neck, under parts (except throat, etc.), whole rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts rich cadmium yellow, most intense on head, neck, and 

 chest; lesser and middle wing-coverts paler cadmium yellow; back, 

 scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle coverts), and tail (except 

 concealed base) black; innermost greater wing-coverts edged with 

 white, the outer webs of the rest broadly tipped with white; second- 

 aries edged with white (most broadly on middle quills); second to fifth 

 or sixth primaries with basal portion of outer webs more or less 

 extensively white, the terminal portion of all the primai-ies (except 

 first) narrowly edged with white; basal portion of tail light yellow, 

 (abruptly) with white shafts; bill black with lower basal portion of 

 mandible grayish (pale grayish blue in life); iris brown; legs and feet 

 grayish dusky or grayish horn color (bluish gray in life). 



Immature {second yea/rf). — Head, neck, and under parts as in adults, 

 but the latter rather paler, or less orange, yellow; back and scapulars 



' Four specimens. ? One specimen. 




BIEDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 285 



yellowish olive; lesser wing-coverts dusky, broadly tipped or margined 

 with saffron yellowish; middle coverts dusky at base, broadly tipped 

 with white or yellow; rest of wings dark grayish brown with paler 

 edgings, these white, or nearly so, on greater coverts; tail yellowish 

 olive. 



Toung {first phimage). —Rea.d, neck, and under parts (including 

 throat, etc.) yellow, the color duller on pileum and hindneck; back 

 and scapulars olive; rump and upper tail-coverts dull yellow (gallstone 

 or dull saffron), like pileum and hindneck; wings and tail as in the 

 immature plumage, described above, but greater coverts broadly 

 tipped (on outer webs) with dull yellowish white, secondaries broadly 

 edged with white, primaries more broadly edged with pale gray (pass- 

 ing into white terminally) and with a white patch at base. 



Adult male.— Tuength (skins), 228.6-279.4 (247.9); wing, 116.1-142.2 

 (125); tail, 101.1-117.3 (107.4); culmen, from base, 26.2-30.2 (27.9); 

 depth of bill at base, 12.2-14.5(13.2); tarsus, 29.7-32.5 (31.2); middle 

 toe, 20.3-23.9 (22.4).^ 



Adult female.— hengih (skins), 218.4-251.5 (238.8): wing, 108-126.2 

 (113.8); tail, 91.7-114.8 (101.1); culmen, from base, 24.6-27.7 (26.4); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.9-13.7 (13); tarsus, 28.5-30.7 (30); middle toe, 

 17.8-22.4 (21.1).^ 



Southwestern Mexico, in States of Oaxaca (Putla, Barrio, Chihuitan, 

 Juchitan, Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec, Huilotepec, Juchitan, Chima- 

 lapa, etc.) and Chiapas (Tonala, Huehuetan), and southward through 

 Guatemala (Vera Paz, San Geronimo, Retalhuleu, Savana Grande, San 

 Pedro Myiarchusrtir, Zacapa, etc.), Salvador (Acajutla), and Honduras (Coma- 

 yagua), to Nicaragua (San Juan); British Honduras (Corosal)?. 



Pslarocolim} gidaris Waglee, Isis, 1829, 764 (Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; ex Lichten- 

 stein, manuscript). 



7c(erus jfi/iam LiCHTENSTEiN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 1 ("Mexico") ; Journ. 

 fur Orn., 1863, 56.— Des Myiarchusrs, Icon. Orn., 1845-46, pi. 9.— Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 358 (Comayagua, Honduras); Ibis, 1883, 371, part 

 (s. Mexico, Yucatan, British Honduras, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 384, part (Tonala, Chiapas; Putla and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; Savana 

 Grande and San Pedro Myiarchusrtir, Guatemala; Corosal, British Honduras?). — 

 Sclater and. Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 19 (Vera Paz, Guatemala; Comayagua, 

 Honduras). — Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 468 (Guatemala) ; 1860, 195 (San Geronimo, 

 Guatemala).— (?) Taylor, Ibis, 1861, 111 (Honduras).— Owen, Ibis, 1861, 

 62, pi. 2, fig. 5 (San Geronimo, Guatemala; descr. and colored fig. of eggs). — 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 49, part (San Geronimo, Guatemala; 

 San Salvador; San Juan, Nicaragua). — Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 no. 4, 1876, 23 (Barrio, Chihuitan, Juchitan, and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 475, part (Putla, Bar- 

 rio, Chihuitan, Juchitan, and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca; Tonala, Chiapas; 

 Corosal, British Honduras?; Vera Paz, San Geronimo, Retalhuleu, Savana 

 Grande, San Pedro Myiarchusrtir, and Zacapa, Guatemala; Acahutla, Salvador; 

 Comayagua, Honduras; Nicaragua). 



'Ten specimens. ''Six specimens. 




286 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Idlerus] (/uZans Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 435 ("Mexico"). 



[Icterus'] gularis Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. 



Icterus gularis gularis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152, in 

 text. 



(?) Ictems mentalis Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1830, 111, pi. 41 (Mexico; ex"aidcug 

 jncntoKs Wagler, Isis ").—(?) Lapresnaye, Eev. Zool., 1842, 136.— Sclatee, 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134 (San Geronimo, Guatemala). 



The following references are doubtful, and may belong either to this 



form or to I. g. tammdipensis : 



Icterus gularis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, 90 (Mexico).— Sclates, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 205 (Mexico). 



ICTERUS GULARIS TAMAULIPENSIS Ridgway. 

 ALTA miRA ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. g. gularis, but decidedly smaller and the coloration 

 more intense, the orange-yellow more decidedly orange (usually rich 

 cadmium orange); black at anterior extremity of malar region, broader; 

 bill shorter and deeper through base. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 219.7-242.6 (232.7); wing, 108.2-117.9 

 (114.3); tail, 97.3-111 (101.1); culmen, from base, 24.9-26.9 (25.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 13-14.7 (13.7); tarsus, 29.5-31 (30); middle toe, 

 19.3-21.8 (20.1).' 



Adult fc'Dudc.^'Length (skins), 218.4-238.8 (226.3); wing, 105.2- 

 110.7 (108.2); tail, 95-103.1 (99.8); culmen, from base, 23.6-25.9 

 (24.6); depth of bill at base, 12.7-14 (13.2); tarsus, 28.7-80 (29.6); 

 middle toe, 19.6-22.4 (19.8).' 



Eastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Otatitlan, Papantla, Cate- 

 niaco, San Andreas Tuxtla, etc.), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca, February) 

 San Luis Potosi (Valles, etc.), and Tamaulipas (Alta Myiarchusra, Hidalgo 

 etc.). 



Icterus mexicanus (not Oriolus niexicanus Leach) Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser, 

 i, 1827, 436 (Temascaltepec, Mexico).^ 



Il^cterus] gularis (not Psarocoiras jiufa™ Wagler) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., 1,1851,185 

 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



Icterus gularis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 228 (San Andreas Tuxtla, 

 Vera Cruz)rl859, 365 (Jalapa); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133 (do) ; Ibis; 1883, 

 371, part (monogr.) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 384, part (Jalapa).— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 49, part (monogr.; Myiarchusrador, Vera 

 Cruz; City of Mexico). — Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 

 150 (Actopam, Vera Cruz). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 

 i, 1887, 475, part (Temascaltepec; Actopam, San Andreas, Tuxtla, and 

 Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, -ii, 1895, 466 

 (Hidalgo, Tamaulipas; Louisiana?). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusa., 

 xviii, 1896, 630, (Alta Myiarchusra, Tamaulipas) . 



^ Nine specimens. 

 ^ Five specimens. 



''Cites Oriolus mexicanus Leach, Zool. Myiarchussc., i, 1814, which =/d(!rM« leucopteryx 

 (Wagler). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 287 



[Jdmis] gularis Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. 



Jclerus gularis yucatanensis (not of Berlepsch) Bendire, Auk, x, 1893, 366 



("Avery's Island, Louisiana").— American Ornithologists' Union Com- 



Myiarchusn-EE, Auk, xi, 1894, 51; xii, 1895, 169. 

 (t) Icterus gularis flammeus [rmnen nudum!} Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 



for 1896-97 (1899), 222 (Rinconada, Puebla). 

 Icterus gularis tamauUpensis Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 



152 (Alta Myiarchusra, Tamaulipas; colL U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



ICTERUS GULARIS YUCATANENSIS Berlepsch. 

 YUCITAN ORIOLE, 



Similar to L g. tamauUpensis, but still smaller, with coloration still 

 more intense (adults rich cadmium orange, the head bright orange- 

 chrome), and maxilla much narrower (in vertical width). 



Adult inaZtf.— Length (skins), 204.5-2i3.s (225.3); wing, 106.9-117.3 

 (113); tail, 97.8-106.7 (103.1); culmen, from base, 22.9-25.4 (24.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.2-13.2 (12.7); tarsus, 25.9-30 (28.7); middle 

 toe, 18-20.3 (19.3).' 



AdMlt female.— \jQ^g\h (skins), 215.9-226.1 (221); wing, 99.3-106.7 

 (104.1); tail, 96.6-103.1 (99.3); culmen, from base, 22.9-23.4 (23.1); 

 tarsus, 26.4-30.2 (28.5); middle toe, 17.5-19.8 (18.8).' 



Yucatan (Chichen-Itza; Temax; Calotmul; Tekanto; Shkolak), 

 including island of Cozumel. 



Icterus gularis (not Psarocoliiis gularis Wa.g]er) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 384, part (Oozuniel I., Yucatan). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1887, 475, part (Yucatan; Cozumel I.)— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1890, 208 (int. Yucatan).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., 

 viii, 1896, 281 (Chichen-Itza, Yucatan). 



[/ctenis] jTMfan's Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. 



Icterus gularis yucatanensis Berlepsch, Auk, v, Oct., 1888, 454 (Yucatan; coll. 

 Count von Berlepsch) . — Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, 1901, 152, in text. 



ICTERUS CUCULLATUS CUCULLATUS Swainson. 

 HOODED ORIOLE, 



Adult male ill summer. — Lores, anterior portion of forehead, orbital 

 region, anterior half of auricular region, malar region, chin, throat, 

 and upper chest uniform black, with a rounded po.sterior outline on 

 the chest; back, scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts uniform black; 

 middle wing-coverts white, producing a very broad white band; rest 

 of wings black, the outer webs of greater coverts tipped with white, 

 the remiges edged with grayish white; tail black, the lateral rectrices 

 more or less broadly margined at tips with pale grayish; rest of plu- 

 mage varying from cadmium j^ellow to cadmium orange, the color most 

 intense on head, neck, and chest; bill black, with basal portion of man- 

 dible bluish gray (pale grayish blue or bluish white in life) ; legs and 

 feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?). 



' Twelve specimens. ^ Three specimens. 




288 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult male in winter — Similar to the summer plumage, but the 

 orange or orange-yellow duller, especially on upper parts, where more 

 or less obscured hya. tinge or wash of olivaceous; scapulars and inter- 

 scapulars margined terminally with light olive or olive-grayish: ter- 

 tials more broadly margined with white. 



Adult female. — Pileum, hindneck, rump, upper tail-coverts, and 

 tail yellowish olive, the occiput and nape tinged with dull brownish 

 gra3^; back and scapulai's dull brownish gray; lesser wing-coverts 

 brownish gray, more dusky centrally; rest of wings dusky, with pale 

 brownish gray edgings, the middle coverts broadly tipped with white, 

 and pale edgings to greater coverts becoming white terminally; beneath 

 dull ochre-yellow, paler on abdomen, strongly washed with grayish 

 on sides and flanks. 



Tmmature male (second year?). — Similar to adult female, but lores, 

 anterior portion of malar region, chin, and throat black. 



Adidt ma^e.— Length (skins), 180.3-193 (1S7.2); wing, 83.3-86.1 

 (84.8); tail, 89.7-98 (9J:); culmen, from base, 19.6-20.8 (20.1); depth 

 of bill at base, 7.6-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 21.8-23.6 (22.6); middle toe, 

 15.5-16.8 (16).' 



Adult female.— Ijdx^g^ (skins), 185.4-194.3 (189.7); wing, 80.3-81.5 

 (81); tail, 85.9-90.2 (87.4); culmen, from base, 19.8; depth of bill at 

 base, 7.4-7.9 (7.6); tarsus, 22.4-23.1 (22.6); middle toe, 15.2-15.7 

 (15.5).' 



Eastern portion of Mexican plateau and Atlantic lowlands, from 

 States of Nuevo Leon (Monterey, near Guajuco, Linares, etc.) and 

 southern Tamaulipas (La Cima, Alta Myiarchusra, etc.), southwestward 

 through States of San Luis Potosi (Valles), Mexico (Temascaltepec, 

 Amecameca, etc.), Guanajuato (Moro Leon), Morelos (Titela del Vol- 

 can) to Jalisco (San Sebastian, Myiarchusrch; Barranca Ibarra, April 21; 

 Zapotlan, December) and Colima (plains of Colima, January). 



Icterus cucullatus Swainson, Philoa. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 436 (Temascaltepec, 

 Mexico, Mexico).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1856, 301 (Cordova, 

 Vera Cruz); (?) 1864, 175 (Valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 132 

 (Mexico) ; Ibis, 1883, 364, part (monogr. ) ; Cat. BirdsBrit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 376, 

 part.— (?) ScLATER and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Belize, British Honduras).— 

 (?) Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 466 (Belize).— (?) Lawrence, Am. Lye. N. Y., vii, 

 1860, 267 (Cuba; crit. ).—(?) Gund],ach, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 

 286; Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 127 (Cuba): Orn. Cuba, 1893, 96.— Sumicheast, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (tierra caliente, Vera.Cruz).— (?) Duges, 

 La Naturaleza, i, 1868, 139 (Guanajuato).— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 ii., 1874, 279, part (plains of Colima, Jan.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- 

 wav. Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 193, part.— (?) Cory, List Birds W. L, 

 1885, 13; Auk, iii, 1886, 217 (Cuba); Birds W. I., 1889, 104; Cat. W.I. 

 Birds, 1892, 110 (Cuba).— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 

 150 (Chietla and Atlixco, Puebla).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Oentr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1887, 471, part— Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 781 

 (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco). 



' Seven specimens. ^ Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 289 



[icterus] (Myiarchusullalus Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part.— (?) 



OoRY, Dist. Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 

 [Icterus cucullatus] var. cucullatus Baikd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 183, part. 

 I[cterus] cucullatus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 409, part.— Ridgway 



Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 375, part. 

 IPmdidinus'] cucullatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 433. 

 Pendulinus cucullatus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 60, part (monogr.). 

 Icterus cucullatus cucullatus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152, 



in text. 

 (?) Hyphantes costototl (not Psarocolius cozlololl Wagler?) Gundlach, Journ. fiir 



Orn., 1856, 11 (Cuba); 1861, 413 (do.). 

 (?) Yphantes bullockii (not Xanthornus buUockii Swainson) Brewer, Proc. Bost. 



See. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 

 llcterus cucullatus'] a. Subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 376, 



in list of specimens (Mexico). 



ICTERUS CUCULLATUS SENNETTI Ridgway. 

 SENNETT'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. c. cucullatus, but lighter in co±or; adult males less 

 decidedly orange, the color of pileum, chest, etc., deep cadmium 

 yellow, never cadmium orange; adult females much lighter in color, 

 the yellow of under parts dull or pale gamboge instead of saffron or 

 ochreous, the back and scapulars lighter grayish, and light olive- " 

 greenish of pileum, rump, etc.. clearer; wing and tail averaging 

 decidedly shorter. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 188-199.7 (193); wing, 80.5-85.3 

 (83.3); tail, 87.9-99.1 (91.7); culmen, from base, 19.8-20.6 (20.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 7.9-8.1 (8.1^- tarsus 21.8-23.1 (22.6); middle toe, 

 15.2-15.7 (15.5).^ 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 177.8-190.5 (184.7); wing, 78-81.3 

 (79.5); tail, 83.8-88.1 (86.4); culmen, from base, 18.3-19.6 (19.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.1 ''7.9' ■ tarsus, 20.8-22.6 (22.1); middle 

 toe, 15.2-15.7 (15.5).' 



Lower Rio Grande Valley, in Texas and Tamaulipas; south in winter 

 to Morelos (Cuernavaca, Yautepec, etc., January). 



Icterus (MyiarchusuUaius (not of Swainson) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., v, 1852, 116 

 (Texas).— Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lalie, 1852, 332 (Rio Grande, 

 Texas) ; Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 546 (Charco Escondido, Tamauli- 

 pas); Rep.U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19 (do.);. Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 413.— Cassin, Illustr. Birds Tex., Cal., etc., 1854, 42, pi. 8 

 (Texas).— Butcher, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas).— 

 CoHEs, Check List, 1873, no. 218; 2d ed., 1882, no. 328.— Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 193, part, pi. 35, flg. 6.— Sennett, 

 BuIl.U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 25 (Brownsville and Hidalgo, 

 Texas; habits, etc.); v, 1879, 398 (Lometa, Texas; habits; descr. nest and 

 eggs; measurements).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 134 (Fort 



• Seven specimens. ^ Five specimens. 



3654— VOL 2—01 19 




290 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Brown, Texas; descr. nest and eggs).— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 269, part. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 505, 

 part. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 471, part (Charco 

 Escondido, Tamaulipas).— Singley, Rep. Geol. Surv. Texas, 1894, 372 (Santa 

 Myiarchusria to Rio Grande City, Texas).— Bendihe, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 



1895, 475, pi. 6, figs. 30-32 (eggs).— Nbhrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 



1896, 274. 



llcterus] cumUalus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. 

 [Icterus cucuUaius] var. mcullatus Baird, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 183, part. 

 llcterus] cucuUcUus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 375, part. 

 Pendulinm cucuUaius Gassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 60, part (monogr.). 

 Icterus mcullatus sennetti Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152 



(Brownsville, Texas; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



ICTERUS CUCULLATUS NELSONI Ridgway. 

 NELSON'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to 1. c. sennetti^ but still paler and with forehead wholly 

 3'ellow; adult male with the general color clear cadmium or Indian 

 yellow, without any orange tinge; adult female very similar to that of 

 /. c. sennetti^ but averaging slightly lighter in color, the yellow of 

 under parts usually rather purer; wing averaging decidedly longer, 

 but tail shorter, and bill longer and more slender. 



Adult wifflfe.— Length (skins), 175.3-198.1 (188.6); wing, 86.4-90.4 

 (88.4); tail, 81.8-96 (89.9); culmen, from base, 20.8-22.1 (21.6); depth 

 of bill at base, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); tarsus, 21.6-23.4 (22.4); middle toe, 15.5- 



16.8(16)'. 



Adult fe}nale.—\aQVL^'ih (skins), 175.3-185.4(178.3); wing, 80.8-82.8 

 (81.8); tail, 80.6-83.3 (82); culmen, from base, 19.8-20.8(20.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); tarsus, 21.6-22.4 (21.8); middle toe, 14.5- 

 16 (15.2)1 



Coast plain of northwestern Mexico and western portion of Mexican 

 plateau, in States of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa and Territory of 

 Tepic; north to Arizona and southern California (San Bernardino, San 

 Diego, and Ventura counties); peninsula of Lower California; breed- 

 ing southward to Territory of Tepic (Santiago). 



Icterus cucuUaius (not of Swainson) Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 301, 

 304 (Cape St. Lucas, Lower California) .-Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1861, 

 122 (San Bernardino, s. California); Orn. Cal., 1870, 275, part (San Di^o, 

 s. California; Cape St. Lucas).— Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,84 

 (Tucson, Arizona) ; Check List, 1873, no. 218, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 328, part.— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 193, part; iii, 

 1874, 517 (Lower California and Arizona; descr. nest and eggs). — Lawrence, 

 Mem. Best. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 279, part (Myiarchuszatlan).—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. 

 Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 160 (Arizona s. of Gila R.); Zool. Exp. 

 W. 100th Merid., 1875, 319, excl. syn., part (Camps Grant and Bowie, 



' Ten specimens. ^ Four specimens. 




BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 291 



Arizona; habits).— Ridg way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 269, part.— 

 Bbewstee, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 200 (s. Arizona; remarlis on 

 plumage).— Belding, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 343 (Guaymas, Sonora), 

 541 (La Paz, Lower California) .—Scott (W. E. D.), Auk, ii, 1885, 159-165 

 (a. Arizona; breeding habits).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 376, part (Arizona; La Paz, Lower California; California; Myiarchuszatlan). 



lldents] cucullatus Sclatbe and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. 



[Iderm cucuUatiks] var. cucullatus Baikd, Brewek, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 183, part. 



Pendulirms cucullatus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 60, part (Lower 

 California). \ 



Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, no. 2, Apr. 20, 1885, 

 19, in text (Tucson, Aj-izona; coll. U.S. Nat.Myiarchuss.). — American Ornitholo- 

 gists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 505a.— Eveemann, Auk, iii, 1886, 181 

 (Ventura Co., California; n. to Santa Barbara). — Scott (W. E. D.), Auk, iv, 

 1887, 23 (Santa Catalina Mts., s. Arizona, 4,000-6,000 ft.).— Moecom, Bull. 

 Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 48 (Banning, San Diego Co., California; Yuma, 

 Arizona). — Emerson, Bull. no. 7, Calif. Ac. Sci., 1887, 428 (Poway, San 

 Diego Co., California). — Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 239 (San Pedro Myiarchusrtir 

 Mts., Lower California, up to 4,500 ft.). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., v, 

 1893, 37 (Bisbee, s. Arizona). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 

 476, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2 (eggs).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 275, 

 pi. 31, fig. 3.— Merriam (Florence), Auk, xiii, 1896, 120 (Twin Oaks, San 

 Diego Co., California, breeding). — Geinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 

 1898, 33 (Los Angeles Co., in summer, up to 4,000 ft.). 



I[cierua] cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 376. 



[Icterus cucullatus'] a. Subsp. nelsoni Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 376, in 

 list of specimens (Arizona; California; La Paz, Lower California; Myiarchuszatlan). 



Icterus nelsoni Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 472. 



ICTERUS CUCULLATUS IGNEUS Ridgway. 

 FIERY ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. c. cticullatus, but coloration more intense; adult male 

 with the orange averaging richer and purer (usually pure cadmium 

 orange), often tinged with or inclining to flame scarlet on chest; adult 

 female very different from that of I. c. oucullatits, the under parts 

 being rich saffron yellow or light cadmium yellow, the pileum, hind- 

 neck, rump, and upper tail-coverts similar but duller; wing averaging 

 decidedly longer. 



AckiU mafe.— Length (skins), 186.7-204.5 (195); wing, 86.4-89.4 

 (87.1); tail, 92.5-96 (94.5); culmen, from base, 19.6-21.6 (20.6); depth 

 of bill at base, 7.4-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 20.8-23.4 (22.4); middle toe, 

 14.5-17 (15.5).^ 



A&dt female.— Lengi"" (skins), 154.7-209.5 (188.2); wing, 76.2-82 

 (79.2); tail, 78.2-94 (85.1); culmen, from base, 19-20.3 (19.8); depth 

 of bill at base, 7.9-8.4 (8.1); tarsus, 22.1-22.3 (22.2); middle toe, 

 15.2-16.3 (15.7).^ 



'Seven specimens. ^Five specimens. 




292 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Yucatan (Silam; Merida; Chichen-Itza; Progreso; La Vega; Puerto 

 Morelos) and Campeebe (Tokaltun); Myiarchusgeres Island (accidental?); 

 British Honduras (Belize) ? 



(?) Icterus cucullatus (notof Swainson?) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Belize, 



British Honduras).— Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 466 (Belize). 

 Icterus cucullatm Boucaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Silam, Yucatan).— 



ScLATEE, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. , xi, 1886, 376, part.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. 



Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 471, part (Merida and Silam, Yucatan). 

 Id&rus cuaillatus igneus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, no. 2, Apr. 20, 1885, 



19, in text (Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 



Phila., 1890, 209 (Progreso, Yucatan). 

 I[cterus'] cucallaius igneus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 376. 

 [Icterus cucullaius'] c. Subsp. igneo. Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 377, 



part, in list of specimens (Belize, British Honduras?; Merida and Silam, 



Yucatan). 



ICTERUS CUCULLATUS COZUMEI.M Nelson. 

 COZUUEL ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. c. Igneus, but female decidedly smaller, with larger bill 

 and paler coloration, the back grayer and rump and upper tail- 

 coverts more olivaceous (less yellowish); adult male slightly smaller 

 than that of /. c. igneus, but similar in coloration. 



Adult male.— Ijength (skins) 180-190 (185); wing, 85-90 (87.5); tail, 

 90-94(92); exposed culmen, 19; tarsus, 21-22 (21.5); middle toe, 17-18 

 (17.5).^ 



Adult female.— liength (skins), 169-179 (173.6); wing, 74-79 (76.2); 

 tail, 75-80 (79.6); exposed culmen, 17-20 (18.8); tarsus, 20-24 (22); 

 middle toe, 15-17 (16).'' 



Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. 



Icterus cucullaius (not of Swainson) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 570 

 (Cozumel I., Yucatan.)— Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 376, part 

 (Cozumel.)— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, ls87, 471, part 

 (Cozumel I., Yucatan). 



[Icterus cucullaius'] c. Subsp. ignea Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 377, 

 part, in list of specimens (Cozumel I.). 



Icterus cucullaius cozumelse Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, Sept. 25, 1901, 

 173 (Cozumel Island, Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



ICTERUS CUCULLATUS DUPLEXUS Nelson. 



KXTGERES ORIOLE, 



Adoilt male. — Similar in coloration to that of /. c. nelsoni, but black 

 of lores extending broadly across anterior half, or more, of forehead, 



' Two specimens. * Five specimens. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 293 



greater wing-coverto without white edgings (but with abrupt white 

 tips), and remiges wholly black except a narrow edging of white for 

 terminal half or less; bill stouter; length (skins), 190-199 (194.3); 

 wing, 81-86 (84); tail, 89-90 (89.3); exposed culmen, 18-19 (18.3); 

 tarsus, 21-24 (23); middle toe, 16-17 (16.3).' 



Adult female. — Not seen. 



Myiarchusgeres Island, Yucatan. 



Icterus cucuUatus (not of Swainson) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 



Aves, i, 1887, 471, part (Myiarchusgeres Island). 

 Icterus cuaiUatus duplexut Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, Sept. 25, 1901, 



173 (Myiarchusgeres Island, Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



ICTERUS GIRAUDII Cassin. 

 GIRAUB'S ORIOLE, 



Adults (sexes alike), summer plumage. — Forehead, lores, orbital, 

 suborbital, and malar regions, chin, throat, upper chest (except later- 

 ally), wings (except more anterior lesser coverts), and tail, uniform 

 black; rest of plumage cadmium yellow; scapulars chiefly black but 

 mixed with yellow toward interscapular region;'" bill black, with basal 

 portion of mandible bluish gray (pale gra^nsh blue in life?); legs and 

 feet horn color or grayish duskjr (bluish graj' in life?). 



Winter (or freshly assumed) lylumage. — Similar to summer plumage, 

 but yellow of upper parts more or less obscured by an olive tinge, 

 especially on pileum and hindneck. 



Immature (second year f). — Similar to adults but duller in color, the 

 upper parts yellowish olive or dull olive-yellow, the wings and tail 

 dusky, the former with narrow and indistinct dull grayish edgings, the 

 lateral rectrices edged with light olive-greenish. 



Young (first plumage). — Pileum, auricular region, hindneck, rump, 

 and upper tail-coverts ochre-yellowish, more or less tinged with olive, 

 especially on back; malar region, chin, throat, and chest light saffron 

 yellow; rest of under parts light chrome yellow; wings dull blackish, 

 the coverts and secondaries edged with light olive, the primaries more 

 narrowly edged with dull grayish; tail dull blackish with indistinct 

 paler edgings, the lateral feathers with whitish shafts. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 189.2-233.7 (210.1); wing, 91.4-111.3 

 (102.1); tail, 95.8-108.7 (99.3); culmen, from base, 22.9-26.9 (24.4); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.9-11.7 (10.7); tarsus, 25.9-28.2 (26.9); middle 

 toe, 17-20.8 (18.8).'' 



Adult feinale.—ljengih (skins), 182.9-195. 6(188.5); wing, 86.4-90.9 

 (88.4); tail, 82.6-94 (88.4); culmen, from base, 22.1-23.4(22.6); depth 



' Three specimens. 



^ Sometimes there is a slight admixture of black on outer side of thighs. 



^ Eighteen specimens. 




294 BULLETIN 50, UKITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of bill at base, 10.2-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 23.6-26.2 (24.9); middle toe, 

 17-18.3 (17.3).' 



Southeru Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Santecomapan), Chiapas 

 (San Cristobal), and Yucatan, southward through Central America to 

 Colombia (Rio Truando; Nercua; Bogota; Ibaque; Medellin, province 

 Antioquia), and Venezuela (Caracas). 



Icterus giraudii Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 333 (Bogota, Colombia; 

 coll. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.?); 1860, 140 (Rio Truando, Colombia); 1867, 52 

 (monogr.); Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, i, 1848, 188, pi. 17.— Law- 

 rence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.) ."^Sclatee, 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133 (Guatemala; Bogota). 



Icterus giraudi Sclatbb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 154 (Bogota; crit.); 1857, 

 228 (Santecomapan, Vera Cruz; crit.); Ibis, 1873, 373 (Chontales, Nicara- 

 gua); 1883, 366 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886,379 (n. Yucatan; 

 Tactic and Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala; Chontales, Nicaragua; Boquete de 

 Chitra, Chitra, and Santa F^, Veragua; Chepo, Lion Hill, Paraiso Station, 

 Panama, and Colon, Panama R. R. ; Medellin and Bogota, Colombia; Vene- 

 zuela). — ScLATER and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1864, 353 (Lion Hill) ; 1868, 167 (Caracas, Venezuela) ; 1879, 509 (Envi- 

 gado, Concordia, and Medellin, prov. Antioquia, Colombia). — Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond,, 1867, 142 (Santa F6, Veraguar); 1870, 190 (Chitra and Cas- 

 tillo, Veragua) ; Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 263 (Guatemala).— Wyatt, Ibis, 

 1871, 330 (Colombia, up to 7,000 ft.).— Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 

 1882, 9; Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac- Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Veragua). — Boucard, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Yucatan). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1887, 469.— Ridqway, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 588 (Sego- 

 via R., Honduras).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H.,viii, 1896, 280 (Chichen- 

 Itza, Yucatan). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Ibaque, centr. 

 Colombia). — Salvadori, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 339, 1899,5 

 (Punta de Sabana, Isthmus Panama). 



' Four specimens. 



Specimens from different localities compare in measurements as follows: 



If there is any geographic variation in this species I am unable to make it out 

 from the series examined. I have no doubt that a considerable number of determi- 

 nations of sex are mere guesswork, and many of them erroneous. 




BIRBS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 295 



[Icterus'] giraudi Solatee and Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



(?) Xanthornuschrysater LwsoN, Oeuvr. Bufton, vii, 1847, 332 (Mexico). — Bona- 

 parte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434 (Mexico). 



Iderm melanopterus Hartlaub, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1849, 275 (Caracas, Ven- 

 ezuela; coll. Bremen Myiarchuss.?).— Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 

 (Omoa, Honduras). 



IXanlhomus] melanopterus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434 (Colombia). 



l[clerus] melanopterus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 185 (Colombia; Venezuela). 



ICTERUS GUALANENSIS Underwood. 

 GTTALAN ORIOLE, 



Similar to I. gircmdii, but having^ the black of the head extended to 

 the occiput. Total length, 215.9; culmen, 25.4; wing, 105.4; tail, 104; 

 tarsus, 27.9. (Translation of original description.') 



Icterus gvMyiarchusnensis Underwood, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. Iv, June 30, 1898, p. 

 lix (Gualan, Guatemala; location of type not stated). 



The above description applies very well to some immature examples 

 of I. prosthemelas. 



ICTERUS PUSTULATUS (Wagler). 

 SCARLET-HEATED ORIOLE. 



Adidt male in summer. — Lores, anterior portion of malar region, 

 chin, and throat, black; rest of head and neck intense orange, some- 

 times flame scarlet, more rarely yellowish orange, the remaining under 

 parts paler orange or yellow; back, rump, upper tail-coverts and 

 lesser wing-coverts orange or yellow, the back streaked with black; 

 inner webs of scapulars mostly orange or yellow, outer webs black; 

 middle wing-coverts white, with basal portion of inner webs black, 

 this increasing in extent on innermost feathers; rest of wing black, 

 with innermost greater coverts edged with white, the rest broadly 

 tipped with white on outer webs; secondaries edged with white, except 

 on basal portion of outermost five or six; primaries (except the first) 

 with basal portion of outer webs white, forming a more or less exten- 

 sive patch, and portion of outer webs from sinuation to tip narrowly 

 edged with white; tail black, with concealed basal portion of the 

 rectrices orange or yellow (shafts of this portion white), the outer- 

 most rectrices broadly tipped with dull whitish or pale brownish 

 gray; bill black, the basal half of mandible bluish gray; legs and 

 feet horn color (in dried skins). 



Adult male m winter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but white 

 edgings to wing feathers much broader, often strongly tinged with 

 gray; orange or yellow of back, rump, etc., more or less tinged with 

 olive, the back often tinged or suffused with gray. 



Adult female in summer. — Pileum, hindneck, back, inner webs of 

 scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts wax yellow or olivaceous 



' The measurements converted from inches to millimeters. 




296 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



orange-yellow, deeper and more orange on forehead, the back more 

 or less broadly streaked with black; lores, anterior portion of malar 

 region, chin, and throat black, as in adult male; space between the 

 black throat-patch and eyes orange or yellow, gradually becoming 

 more yellow posteriorly, the under parts being indian yellow or saflfron 

 yellow, faintly tinged on sides and flanks with olive; scapulars gray- 

 ish on outer webs, yellowish olive on inner webs, and with more or 

 less distinct median streaks of dusky; lesser wing-coverts olive- 

 yellowish, with dusky central spots; middle coverts black at base, 

 broadly tipped with dull whitish; rest of wings dusky, relieved by 

 grayish white or pale gray edgings to all the feathers; tail light oliva- 

 ceous (sometimes partly blackish), with edges more yellowish; color 

 of bill and feet as in the male. 



Admit female in winter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but 

 upper parts much tinged with gray, especially on back, and grayish 

 white or light gray wing-edgings broader. 



Yoimg.- — Similar to the winter female, but without any black on 

 throat, etc.; streaks on back obsolete, and colors duller.' 



Adult male.— Length, (skins), 186.7-205.7 (198.1); wing, 98.6-106.2 

 (100.8); tail, 87.1-97.3 (90.9); exposed culmen, 19.8-22.9 (21.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.7-12.4 (11.7); tarsus, 23.6-25.4 (24.9); middle toe, 

 16-17.8 (17.3).^ 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 185.4-203.2 (192.3); wing, 90.2- 

 96.3 (93); tail, 80.8-91.4 (87.1); exposed culmen, 18.8-22.9 (20.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.7-12.2 (11.2); tarsus, 24.1-25.4 (24.6); middle 

 toe, 16-17.8 (17).^^ 



Western and southern Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (near Bato- 

 pilas), Sonora (Alamos), 'Sinaloa (Myiarchuszatlan; Plumosas; Rosario), 

 Durango (Chacala), Jalisco (Barrandl*Ibarra; Ameea; San Sebastian; 

 Bolanos; Zacoalco; Guadalajara), Tepic (San Bias; Tepic^ Aeaponeta), 

 Colima (Myiarchusnzanilla, February; plains of Colima, January), Guefrfero" 

 (Acapulco, January), Oaxaca (Putla, lanhuiatlan), Chiapq,s (TonalaX,* 

 Morelos (Yautepec, January), Puebla (Acatlan), and Vera Cruz (hot 

 region).* 



Ps[ar6coUus} pratotous Waglek, Isis, 1829, 757 (no locality; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



Ict\_erus\ puslulatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 435 (Mexico). 



Icterus pustulahis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 228; 1858, 303 (La Parada, 

 Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134 ("Central. Am."; Mexico); Ibis, 1883, 

 373 (monogr.); Cat. BirdsBrit. "Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 386 (Myiarchuszatlan; Presidio, near 

 Myiarchuszatlan; Acapulco; Puebla; Tonala, Chiapas; Atlixco, Puebla; "Cape San 



' Immature males resemble adult females in coloration. 

 ^Ten specimens. 

 ' Six specimens. 

 'According to Sumichrast. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 297 



Lucas, Lower California").— Sclater and Salvin, Exotic Orn., pt iv, 1867, 

 pi. 24.-CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867,48 (monogr.; Myiarchuszatlan).— 

 SuMyiarchusCHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 552 (hot region, Vera Cruz).— 

 Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 280 (Myiarchuszatlan; Tepic; plains 

 of Colima; Myiarchusnzanillo Bay; habits, etc).— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 

 264(Mexico); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , 1883, 422 (Acapulco).-FERRARi-PEREzi 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 150 (Chietla, Puebla; lanhuiatlan, Oaxaca).— 

 RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 150 (Chietla, etc., crit.).— Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 477.— Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 781 (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco). 



[Icterus] pmtulatus Sclater and Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



Pendulinas califomicus Lesson, Kev Zool., 1844, 436 ("Lower California"); 

 Oeuvr. Buff., Suppl., vii, 1831, 333. 



[PenduUnus] calfornicus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 433. 



Pendulinm califomicus Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 ( " Cali- 

 fornia"). 



Icterus sdateri ( not of Cassin) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 

 222 (Altata and Culiacan, Sinaloa). 



ICTERUS SCLATERI Cassin. 

 SOLATER'S ORIOLE. 



Simil^to I. pttstulatus but larger, with black streak.s on back much 

 broader (the black predominating over the yellow or orange) ; middle 

 wing-coverts with less . black on basal portion (sometimes none), and 

 (usually) the general color of head, etc., yellow or orange-yellow 

 rather than orange; adult female similar to that of L pusttdatus, but 

 larger; upper parts lighter and more yellow, with black streaks on 

 back broader; wing-edgings broader and purer white, and color of 

 under parts, etc., lemon-yellow, rather than orange or saffron yellow. 



A(Mt maZe.— Length (skins), 193-215.9 (203.7); wing, 101.6-115.1 

 (107.2); tail, 89.4-104.1 (93.2); exposed culmen, 19.8-23.1 (21.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.7-12.4 (11.7); tarsus, 23.1-26.4 (24.6); middle 

 toe, 15.5-18.3 (17).^ 



Adult female.— hQngih. (skins), 186.7-203.2 (194.3); wing, 94-101.3 

 (97.5); tail, 81.8-88.6 (85.9); exposed culmen, 20.6-21.1 (20.8); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.7-11.9 (11.2); tarsas, 22.9-24.4 (23.4); middle toe, 

 16-17.8 (16.8).^ 



Southern Mexico, in States of Oaxaca (Tehuantepec; Cuicatlan; 

 Santa Efigenia; Oaxaca; Juchitan) and Chiapas (Tonala), south through 

 Guatemala (San Geronimo), Salvador, and Honduras to Nicaragua 

 (Myiarchusnagua; San Juan; Pres Granada); western Costa Rica (Liberia)?. 



^ Nine specimens. ^ Four specimens. 



The series from Nicaragua is much too small to show whether there are constant 

 differences or not between birds from that portion of the country and those from 

 southern Mexico. The single Nicaraguan specimen measured shows decided differ- 




298 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Icterus mentalis (not of Lesson) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 185, footnote 

 (according to Sclater) . — Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134, excl. syn. (San 

 Geronimo, Guatemala). — Salvin and Sclatbk, Ibis, 1860, 275 (San Geron- 

 imo). — Owen, Ibis, 1861, 62 (descr. eggs). 



Icterus sdaieri Gassxu, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 49 (San Juan and 

 Pres Granada, Nicaragua; San Geronimo, Guatemala; type, from Nicaragua, 

 in coll. Ac. Nat. Sci.). — Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 371 (monogr.); Oat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 385 (San Ger6nimo, Guatemala; TonaU, Chiapas). — Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Oentr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 476, pi. 33, fig. 1 (San Juan 

 del Rio, Santa Efigenia, and Juchintan, Oaxaca; Tonald, Chiapas; San Gero- 

 nimo, Guatemala; San Juan, Nicaragua) . 



[Icterus'] scfateri Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



Icterus fonnosus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Myiarchusy, 1872, 184 

 (Juchitan, Oaxaca; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.) ; Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 

 1876, 23 (do.).— Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 372 (monogr.). 



(?) Icterus pustulatus (not Psarocolius pusmlaius Wagler) Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. 

 Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 112 (Liberia, w. Costa Rica). 



ICTERUS GRAYSONII Cassin. 



GRATSON'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. pustulatus but much larger and lighter colored, and 

 the back either without black streaks or with only a few very narrow 

 ones. 



Adult male in summer. — General color, except wings and tail (but 

 including lesser wing-coverts), orange-yellow or saffron yellow (more 

 orange on anterior portion of head and space surrounding black throat- 

 stripe), the back sometimes with a few narrow streaks of black; lores, 

 anterior portion of malar region, chin, and throat black; lesser wing- 

 coverts rather lighter or clearer yellow; middle coverts still pater yel- 

 low, sometimes white, tinged with yellow, with part of inner webs 

 black; rest of wings black, varied by broad white edgings, except on 

 primary coverts, on basal half of outermost greater coverts and basal 

 portion of outermost secondaries, that on basal portion of primaries 

 occupying nearly full width of the outer web; tail black, the concealed 

 basal portion of the rectrices yellow (shafts white), and two or three 



ences, which, if constant, would necessitate the separation of the birds from Honduras 

 to Oaxaca as a subspecies. Icterus sclateri formosus. Measurements are as follows: 




BIHDS 01' NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. S99 



lateral pairs broadlj' tipped with- dull whitish; bill black, the ba-sal 

 portion of mandible bluish; legs and feet (in dried skins), dusk}' horn 

 color. 



Adult nude in winter. — Similar to the summer male, but plumage 

 softer and white edgings on wings broader. 



Adiolt female in swnmer. — Above light yellowish olive, becoming 

 more yellowish on pileum, where inclining to orange-yellow on fore- 

 head and superciliary region, the back usually with a few narrow 

 streaks of dusky; lores, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and 

 throat black; sides of head and under parts (except as described) yel- 

 low, more orange-yellow anteriorly, the sides and flanks slightly tinged 

 with olive; wings as in the male but ground color dusky instead of 

 black and the white edgings tinged with gray. 



Adult female in winter. — Similar to the summer female, but plumage 

 softer and whitish wing-edgings broader. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 203.2-226.1 (211.8); wing, 102.9-105.4 

 (104.1); tail, 90.2-94 (91.9); exposed culmen, 24.9-26.7 (25.7); depth 

 of bill at base, 12.7-13; tarsus, 25.9-26.7 (26.4); middle toe, 17.8-18.3 



(18)/ 



Adult femule.— Length (skins), 193-203.2 (197.9); wing; 94-99.1 

 (96.8); tail, 83.3-87.1 (85.6); exposed culmen, 22.9-24.9 (24.4); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.9-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 25.4-25.9 (25.4); middle toe, 

 17-17.8 (17.3).' 



Tres Myiarchusrias Islands (islands of Myiarchusria Myiarchusdre and Myiarchusria Cleofa), 

 western Mexico. 



Icterus graysonii Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 48 (Tres 



Myiarchusrias Islands, w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 Icterus graysoni Finsch, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 1870, 336 (Tres Myiarchusrias; full 

 descriptions).— Grayson, Proc. Best. Soc. N. H.,xiv,1871, 280 (habits, etc. ).— 

 Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 280.— Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 374 

 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 387.— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 478.— Nelson, North Am. Fauna, no. 14, 

 1898, 50 (habits; notes; descr. nest and eggs). 

 llcterus'] grayscmi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



ICTERUS AURATUS Bonaparte. 

 ORANGE ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. cueullatus igneus, but whole back orange or orange- 

 yellow (sometimes streaked with black in female), lesser wing-coverts 

 orange, and primaries broadly edged with white basally. 



Adult male. — Lores, eyelids, anterior half of cheeks (back to about 

 middle of eye), chin, and whole throat black; scapulars black, some- 

 what intermixed with orange or orange-yellow next to interscapular 

 region; greater -wing-coverts and remiges black, more or less edged 



' Five specimens. 




300 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



with white, especially the middle .secondaries and longer primaries, 

 the latter broadlj' edged with white basally (the white occupying full 

 width of outer web at base of the primaries); middle wing-coverts 

 white, producing a broad band; tail black, the lateral rectrices more or 

 less broadly margined at tips with light grayish ; rest of plumage, 

 including lesser wing-coverts, rich cadmium orange or orange-yellow, 

 most intense on head, neck, and chest; bill black, with basal portion 

 of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue or bluish white in life?); 

 legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 

 184.2-209.6(192.5); wing, 88.6-94.7 (91.9); tail, 81.6-91.9 (89.4); cul- 

 men, from base, 19.8-22.1 (20.8); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 

 8.6; tarsus, 23.9-25.1 (24.4); middle toe, 15.7-17 (16.3).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, and perhaps not always 

 distinguishable, but usually (?) slightly duller in color, especially on 

 the back, which is more or less tinged with olive and sometimes 

 marked with a "few black streaks; lesser and middle wing-coverts 

 partly black; length (skins), 191.8-203.2 (197.6); wing, 87.4-93.2 

 (91.2); tail, 86.6-91.2 (88.1); culmen, from base, 20.3-20.8 (20.6); 

 depth of bill at base (one specimen), 8.4; tarsus, 24.6-24.9 (24.9); mid- 

 dle toe, 15.2-16.8 (16.3).^ 



Yucatan (Merida; Tekanto; Chichen Itza; Temax; El Campo), 

 including outlying island of Meco. 



Id [ents] auralus Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, June 20, 1850, 435 (Yucatan; coll. 

 Brussels Myiarchuss. ; ex Du Bus, manuscript) . 



/(■term aurahis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 50 ("Mexico"; monogr.).— 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 271 (Merida, n. Yucatan; crit.).— 

 BoucAED, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445.— Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 369 

 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 382 (n. Yucatan). — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 473, pi. 33, fig. 2. — Salvin, Ibis, 

 1888, 264 (Meco I., coast of Yucatan; crit.).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1890, 208 (Tekanto, Yucatan).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss., N. H., 

 viii, 1896, 281 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan). 



ICTERUS XANTHORNUS XANTHORNUS (Gmelin). 

 YELLOW ORIOLE, 



Admits (sexes alike). — Lores, eyelids, anterior margin of malar region, 

 chin, throat, and median portion of upper chest black; greater wing- 

 coverts, remiges, and rectrices black, the first tipped with white, pro- 

 ducing a distinct band, the tertials broadly edged with white (except 

 toward base of second and third), the remaining remiges narrowly 

 edged with white toward tips, the longer (second to fifth) primaries 



'Seven specimens, but lew of them with sex actually determined. 

 ^ Three supposed females, none of them being sexed. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 301 



more or less edged with white at base/ the lateral rec^trices more or 

 less broadlj' margined at tip with whitish; rest of plumage, including 

 lesser and middle wing-coverts, rich lemon or cadmium yellow, bright- 

 est and clearest on head, neck, and under parts (sometimes tinged with 

 orange on head, neck, and chest), the back and scapulars usually slightly 

 tinged with olive, and occasionally with a few narrow streaks of black;^ 

 bill black with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish 

 blue in life?); legs and feet grayish dusky or horn color (bluish gray 

 in life?). 



Immature {second yeai^f). — Similar to adults, but wings grayish dusky 

 instead of black, with pale grayish edgings; lesser wing-coverts black- 

 ish centrally, margined with yellowish olive-green or olive-yellow; 

 middle coverts blackish basally, tipped with light yellow; tail yellow- 

 ish olive-green or grayish dusky (or the two colors mixed); yellowish of 

 upper parts more decidedly inclining to olive-green, and that of head, 

 neck, and under parts less pure or intense than in adults. 



Young {first plumage). — Above yellowish olive-green, more yellow- 

 ish on pileum, hindneck, and lower rump; beneath, including malar 

 region, chin, and entire throat lemon yellow, more or less tinged with 

 olivo-green, especially on sides and flanks; wings grayish dusky, the 

 middle coverts broadly tipped with olive-yellow; greater coverts 

 tipped with white or pale yellowish and edged with olive-gray; remiges 

 edged with light grayish, most broadly on tertials; tail yellowish 

 olive-green, the middle rectrices darker. 



Adult male.— h&xigth. (skins), 191.8-205.7 (196.1); wing, 87.6-94.5 

 (91.2); tail, 83.3-90.7 (86.4); culmen, from base, 19.8-25.4 (22.4); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.4 (10.2); tarsus, 25.1-28.5 (26.4); mid- 

 dle toe, 17.5-19.6 (18.3).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 181.6-188 (185.2); wing, 82.6-87.1 

 (86.1); tail, 76.5-84.3 (81); culmen, from base, 20.6-24.1 (22.1); depth 



'This white edging at base of longer primaries is sometimes so much reduced as to 

 be practically hidden by the primary coverts, this being the case in all specimens 

 examined from Trinidad (six in number) and in all those seen from Venezuela (except 

 one), Guiana, and Brazil; again it may form a conspicuous patch, extending for half 

 an inch or more beyond the tips of the primary coverts, thie being the case in the 

 three specimens examined from Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia. Whether Colombian birds 

 can be separated by this character can only be determined by examination of a much 

 larger series of specimens. 



'Only three specimens in a series of twenty-five have any streaks on the back; 

 these are all adults — one of them being from Trinidad, one from Demerara, Brit- 

 ish Guiana, the third of unknown locality; the last has the lesser and middle wing- 

 coverts wholly pure yellow, but the other two have these feathers, especially the 

 middle coverts, black at the base, and thus correspond with /. duhusi [Icterus 

 xanthomus var. a. dubud Dubois), which I believe to be merely an individual varia- 

 tion of the present species. 



'Seven specimens. 




302 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of bill at base, 9.4-11.7 (10.4); tarsus, 24.9-27.7 (26.7); middle toe, 

 15.7-19.1 (17.5).' 



Caribbean coast district of northern South America, from Cayenne 

 to Colombia; Trinidad and Myiarchusrgarita Island; Isthmus of Panama? 



ICoracias] xanthornus LiNNiEDS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 108 ("America"; 

 based on Pica luleo nigra varia Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, iii, p. 5, pi. 5). 



[Oriolus] xanthornus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 391. 

 Icterus xanthornus Daudin, Traite Orn., ii, 1800, 334, part (includes /. leucop- 

 teryx).— Cab ASis, in Schomburgk's Reise Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 680.— Bur- 

 MEisTER, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 269.— Scla'tee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 133 (Trinidad; Cayenne; Colombia); Ibis, 1883, 368 (coast Colombia, Vene- 

 zuela, and Guiana to Rio Brancho; Trinidad); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 380.— Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 84 (Trinidad).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1867, 50 (monogr.; Venezuela; Cayenne; Trinidad; n. Brazil).— 

 ScLATER and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 167 (Venezuela).— 

 Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 578 (Trinidad).— Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 

 1871, 195.— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 329 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia) .—Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Ibis, 1880, 123 (Santa Myiarchusrta).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H.,iv, 

 1892, 53 (Carupano, Venezuela). — Chapman, Bull. Amer. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 

 1894, 36 (Trinidad; song; descr. nest); Auk, xiv, 1897, 368 (Venezuela; 

 crit. ).— Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160(Baranquilla, Colombia) .— 

 Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 675 (Myiarchusrgarita I., Venezuela; 

 crit.). — Phelps, Auk, xiv, 1897,364 (Cumanacoa and Cumana, Venezuela).— 

 Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 138 (Santa Myiarchusrta).— Allen, Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 162 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Myiarchusrta). 



Ilcterus] xanthornus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 185 (Venezuela; Guiana). 



[Icterus xanthornus] a. xantJwtrnus Ridqway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, July 29, 

 1884, 176 (in synonymy). 



[Icterus] xani/iorritis Sclater and Salvin, Nora. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



Agelaius xanthornus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 543. 



Ps[arocolius] xanthornis Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, no. 15. 



[Oriolus] xanthorus Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 181. 



Icterus xardhorus tEwaiTucK, Cat. Syst., 1807, 47. 



[Oriolus] mexicanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 162, no. 13 (not no. 8 !), 

 part (based on Xanthornus mexicanus Brisson, Orn., ii, pi. 11, fig. 2, and 

 Icterus minor nidum suspendens Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., pi. 243, the 

 latter=/. leucopteryx) . — Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 1 (based on Carouge 

 du Mexigue Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 5, fig. 1). 



Icterus mexicanus BovAP ARTE, Compt. Rend., 1853, 835. — Peevost and Lemaire, 

 Ois. Exot, p. 131, pi. 70, upper fig. 



Xanthornus nigrogularis Hahn, Vog. aus Asien, etc., pt. v, 1820, 1, pi. 1 

 ("Mexico.")— Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., 1853, 835. 



Icterus nigrogularis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 271, in text (Trinidad; 

 Santa Myiarchusrta; crit. ). 



[Xanthornus] linnxi Bonap.^ete, Consp. Av., i, June 20, 1850, 434 (Brazil; 

 Cayenne; "Antilles"). 



[Icterus xanthornus] /3. linnsd Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, July 29, 1884, 

 176 (in synonymy). 



Icterus auratus (not of Bonaparte) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 50 

 ("Mexico"). 



' Six specimens. 



Specimens from Trinidad and Myiarchusrgarita Island, especially the former, have decid- 

 edly longer bills than those from the maijiland. 




BIRDS OB" NOHTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 303 



[Iclerus j:nnihvrnus.'] Var. a. dnbasii Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., ser. 2, xl, 

 Dec, 1875, 16 (Isthmus of Panama; coll. Brussels Myiarchuss.). 



Icterus dubud Sclatbe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 381 (Panama?). 



\_Icterus xanthomus.} Var. y3. marginalis Dubois, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., ser. 2, xl, 

 Dec, 1875, 17 (Isthmus ot Panama; coll. Brussels Myiarchuss.) . 



ICTERUS XANTHORNUS CURASOENSIS (Ridgway). 

 UlTRAgAO ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. x. xanthornus, but with much longer bill; young much 

 paler than that of I. x. xanthornus. 



Adult male.— Liength (skins), 188-193 (190.5); wing, 90.2-92.5 (91.2); 

 tail, 84.6-85.6 (85.1); culmen, from base; 25.9-27.9 (26.9); depth of 

 bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 25.1-25.9 (25.4); middle toe, 

 18-19.8 (18.8).^ 



Islands of Curasao, Bonaire, and Aruba, southern Caribbean Sea. 



Icterus curasoensis Ridgway, Proc TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, no. 11, July 29, 1884, 



174 (Curasao Island; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Sclatek, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 



xi, 1886, 381. 

 Icterus xanthornus curasoensis Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 142 (in 



text), 165, colored plate (facing p. 142). 

 Icterus xanthornus cura^oerms Bbrlepsch, Journ. fi'ir Orn., 1892, 82 (Curasao; 



crit.) .— Hartert, Ibis, July, 1893, 295 (Aruba; crit. ; descr. nest and eggs, 



song, etc.), 317 (Curasao), 328 (Bonaire). 

 Icterus curcu:oenm Peters, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 114 (Curasao). 



ICTERUS LEUCOPTERYX (\Wagler). 

 JAKAICAN ORIOLE. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts plain yellowish olive-green, becoming more decidedly 

 yellowish posteriorly; lesser wing-coverts light yellowish olive-green 

 or olive-yellow; middle and greater coverts white, forming a large and 

 very conspicuous patch on the wing; rest of wing black, the tertials 

 broadly edged with white; lores,'' anterior half of suborbital and malar 

 regions, chin, throat, and median portions of upper chest uniform black; 

 rest of under parts Indian yellow, clearer or purer (rich lemon or chrome) 

 yellow on abdomen and under tail-coverts, more tinged with olive later- 

 ally and anteriorly; sides of head (posterior to black "mask") similar 

 in color to breast, etc. ; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish 

 gray (pale grayish blue in life?); legs and feet grayish dusky (grayish 

 blue in life?). 



Immature (secwicZ year .^).— Similar to adults, but tail yellowish olive- 

 green; wings grayish dusky with narrow grayish white or pale gray 

 edgings (broader on tertials), the white patch on middle and greater 

 coverts more broken, less conspicuous. 



^Two specimens. 



^ Sometimes anterior portion of forehead also. 




304 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Ydii/hj {firvt phiiiiage). — Similar to the immature plumage described 

 above, but yellow of under parts and sides of head much paler (dull 

 canary yellow) ; color of upper parts duller and browner; black "mask" 

 much duller and less sharply defined, and the white on wing-coverts 

 reduced to two broad bands (across ends of middle and greater coverts, 

 respectively). 



AdMltmale.—LiQngth (skins), 189.2-191.8 (190.5); wing, 99.6-105.7 

 (102.9); tail, 81.3-87.6 (84.8); culmen, from base, 23.1-24.4 (23.9); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 23.6-25.1 (24.4); middle 

 toe, 17-18.3 (17. 5). 1 



Adult female. — Length (skin), 194.3; wing, 101.6; tail, 83.6; culmen, 

 from base, 22.9-25.1 (23.9); '^ depth. of bill at base, 10.7; ' tarsus, 23.4- 

 24.9 (24.1); middle toe, 17-18.3 (17.5).' 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



(?) [Oriolus] nidipendulus Gmblin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 390 (Jamaica; based 



on liangn'est Oriole Latham, Synopsis, i, pt. 2, 437, etc.) — Latham, Index 



Orn., i, 1790, 181. 

 Pslarocolius'] leucopteryx W agler, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 16. 

 {Icterus] leucopieryx Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 226. — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lond., 1861, 74; Gat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134; Ibis, 1883, 374 (monogr.); Cat. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 387 (Moneague, Jamaica). — Albeecht, Journ. 



fiir Cm., 1862, 197.— Myiarchusech, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1863, 299.— Cory, 



Auk, iii, 1886, 218 (synonymy and diagnosis); Birds W. I., 1889, 105 (do.); 



Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110 (Jamaica) .—Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 178 (crit.; 



song).— Field, Auk, xi, 1894, 126. 

 llcterus] leucopteryx Bonaparte, Gonsp. Av., i, 1850, 436 (" Mexico ") .—Gray, 



Hand-list, ii, 1870, 32, no. 6453.— Solatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 



1873, 36.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 

 Ilclei-usl leucopteryx Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. 

 Oerus (typographical error) leucopteryx Gory, Gat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 130. 

 Pendvlinus leucopteryx Gassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 59 (monogr.). 

 Oriolus mexicanus (not of Linnaeus) Leach, Zool. Myiarchussc., i, 1814, 8 (excl. syn.), 



pi. .2 (St. Andrews, Jamaica). 

 Icterus personatus Temmii^ck, Pi. Gol., livr. 80, Sept., 1829, pi. 482. 

 Ict[erus'] personatus Bonaparte, Gonsp. Av., i, 1850, 435 (Jamaica). 



ICTERUS BAIRDI Cory. 

 BAIUD'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. leucopteryx, but under parts brighter and purer yellow, 

 and upper parts (except wings and tail) dull yellow instead of olive- 

 green. 



"Front of face and throat black; under parts bright yellow; back 

 dull yellow, showing a faint trace of olive on the upper back; tail and 

 wings black; lesser coverts bright yellow, greater secondary wing- 

 coverts pure white, forming a broad white wing-patch, some of the 

 inner primaries delicately edged with white, showing more clearly on 

 the inner secondaries; bill and feet black. 



' Four specimens. -' Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 305 



"Length, 184.2; wing, 95.3; tail, 76.2; tarsus, 21.6; bill, 21.6." 

 (Original description, the measurements converted to millimeters.) 



Island of Grand Cayman (south of Cuba), Greater Antilles. 



I have not seen a specimen of this form, which, like I. Icmrencii 

 of St. Andrews Island, is evidently an offshoot of /. leucopteryx. 



Icterus bairdi Cory, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 500 (Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles; 

 coll. C. B. Cory); v, 1888, 158; Birds W. I., 1889, 291; Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 15, 110, 129, 146. 



ICTERUS LAWRENCII Cory. 

 ST. ANLREW'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. leucopteryx, but slightly smaller, bill longer and more 

 slender, and coloration much lighter; pileum, hindneck, back, scapu- 

 lars, rump, and upper tail-coverts slightly olivaceous gamboge yellow 

 or wax yellow (more decidedly tinged with olive on back and scapu- 

 lars); under parts and sides of head clear lemon yellow, scarcely if at 

 all tinged with olive. Young similar to that of T. lefu,cojpteryx but 

 paler, with white band across terminal portion of greater wing- 

 coverts, broader, and the band on middle coverts pale yellow instead 

 of white. 



Adult. — Length (skin), 185.4; wing, 101.3; tail, 83.1; culmen, from 

 base, 25.4; depth of bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 24.6; middle toe, 17.' 



St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea. 



Icterus lawrendi Coky, Descr. six new sp. birds from Old Providence and St. 



Andrews, Myiarchusy 27, 1887, 2; Auk, iv, July, 1887, 178, 181 (St. Andrews 



Island, Caribbean Sea; coll. C. B. Cory). 

 Icterus lawrencei Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 301, in text. 



ICTERUS MESOMELAS MESOMELAS (Wagler). 

 YELLOW-TAILED ORIOLE. 



Adndts {sexes alike). — Lores, eyelids, anterior half of cheeks (back 

 to or beyond middle of eye), chin, throat, and upper chest (except 

 laterally), back, scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle coverts and 

 outer webs of innermost greater coverts), and six middle rectrices, 

 black; outer webs of longer innermost secondaries edged with white, 

 producing a more or less conspicuous narrow stripe in the closed wing; 

 outer webs of longer primaries narrowly edged with white toward 

 tips; rest of plumage (including lesser and middle wing-coverts, outer 

 webs of innermost greater coverts, and greater part of three outer- 

 most rectrices,) ^ rich lemon yellow, deeper (more saffron or cadmium 



' One specimen, sex not determined. 



''Base of outermost rectrix black on both webs; second with about basal third of 

 inner web (less of outer web) black, and third with at least basal half of inner web 

 black; sometimes the fourth rectrix is partly yellow (toward end), but frequently 

 it is wholly black. 



3654— VOL 2—01 20 




306 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



yellow) on pileum and hindneck; bill black, with basal half of mandi- 

 ble bluish gray (pale grayish blue or bluish white in life?); legs and 

 feet grayish brown or horn color (bluish gray in life?). 



Young {first plumage). — Pileum and hindneck light yellowish olive- 

 green, becoming more yellow on forehead; back and scapulars dull 

 olive; rump and upper tail-coverts light olive-green or dull yellowish 

 olive-green; wing-coverts dusky olive, the middle series broadly the 

 greater narrowly tipped with dull yellow; remiges dusky, the tertials 

 broadly edged with dull yellow or pale yellowish olive, the longer 

 primaries narrowly edged with whitish; four middle rectrices dusky 

 olive, edged (especially at ends) with pale yellowish olive; rest of 

 rectrices paler olive, with pale yellow shafts and margins; under parts 

 and sides of head canary yellow, the middle of the chest with a 

 crescentic patch (not very distinct) of olive. 



AdniU raafe.— Length "(skins), 208.3-233.7 (219.5); wing, 86.9-94.5 

 (90.4); tail, 99.3-113.3 (104.6); culmen, from base, 20.6-22.9 (32.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.4-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 27.9-30.5 (29); middle toe, 

 17.3-19.1 (17.8).' 



Adult female.— Jjength. (skins), 198.1-207 (202.4); wing, 83.8-89.4 

 (86.6); tail, 94.7-106.9 (100.8); culmen, from base, 20.3-21.6 (20.8); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 28.3-28.5; middle toe, 

 17-18 (17.5).^ 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Tlalcotalpam; Motzo- 

 rongo; Otatitlan; Cordova; Orizaba), Oaxaca (Myiarchusnatitlan), Chiapas 

 (Guichicovi), Tabasco, and Yucatan (Calotmul), through Guatemala 

 (Choctum; Coban; Duenas) and British Honduras (Corosal; Belize) to 

 Honduras (Omoa; San Pedro). 



Ps\^arocolius\ mesomelas Waglee, Isis, 1829, 755 (Mexico). 



[Xanthomus] mesomelas Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434 (Tabasco, s. e. 

 Mexico). 



Icierus mesomelas Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruz); 1859, 58 (Omoa, Honduras), 293 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 133 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); Ibis, 1883, 367 (monogr.); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 378 (Orizaba; Yucatan; Choctum, Vera Paz, 

 Guatemala; Corosal and Belize, British Honduras; San Pedro, Honduras).— 

 Salvin and Sclatee, Ibis, 1860, 34 (Duenas and Coban, Guatemala) .—Sola- 

 tee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras).— 



' Ten specimens. 

 ^ Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



307 



MpoEE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 (Omoa, Honduras). — Lawrence, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876,23 (Guichicovi, Chiapas).— Cassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 51 (monogr.; Mexico; Guatemala; Yucatan). — 

 SuMyiarchusCHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (tierra caliente. Vera 

 Cruz). — BoucAHD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Galotmul, Yucatan). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 470, part (Cordova 

 and hot country. Vera Cruz; Guichicovi, Chiapas; Calotmul, Yucatan; Belize 

 and Corosal, British Honduras; Coban and Choctum, Guatemala; Omoa and 

 San Pedro, Honduras). 



[Icterus] mesomelas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. 



Icterus mesomelas mesomelas Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 

 153, in text. 



Icterus airogularis Lesson, Cent. Zool.-, 1830, 73, pi. 22 (Mexico). 



Oriolus musicus Cabot, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1843, 155 (Yucatan); Boston 

 Journ. Nat. Hist., iv, 1844, 465 (do.). 



ICTERUS MESOMELAS SALVINII (Cassin). 

 SALVIN'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. m. mesomelas, but decidedlj^ larger, without trace of 

 white edging to secondaries, and with more black on tail (fourth rec- 

 trix wholly black, and much more than basal half of third rectrix 

 black). 



Adult male.—ljength (skins), 215.9-238.8 (228.9); wing, 87.6-101.6 

 (96.3); tail, 100.3-114.8 (107.7); culmen, from base, 24.4-26.9 (25.4); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.7-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 30-32.8 (30.7); middle toe, 

 18.3-21.8 (20.3).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 199.7-223.5 (212.3); wing, 86.6-98.3 

 (92.7); tail, 98.6-108.5 (104.9); culmen, from base, 22.9-24.9 (23.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 29.7-30.5 (30); middle toe, 19.8- 

 20.3 (20.1).'' 



'Ten specimens. 

 ^ Five specimens. 



Specimens from Central Colombia ("Bogota") are still smaller than Panama ex- 

 amples, and occasionally have indistinct white edgings to the secondaries. They are 

 thus intermediate between I. m. salvinii and /. m. taczanowskii (Ridgway, Proc. Biol. 

 Soc. Wash., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 153), of western Ecuador and Peru, though nearer the 

 former. 




308 ' BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Nicaragua (Kio Escondido; Los Sabalos; Grey town) to Colombia 

 (Bogota; Antioquia; Eio Atrato) and Venezuela. 



Ictenia mesomelas (not Psarocolius mesomelas Wagler) Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1855, 154 (Bogota, Colombia) ; Oat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133, part (Bogota); 

 Ibis, 1883, 367, part ( monogr. ) ; Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. , xi, 1886, 378, part ( Valza, 

 Oosta Rica; Oliepo., Lion Hill, and Panama, Isthmus of Panama). — Sclatbr 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 354 (Lion Hill, Panama E. E.); 

 1867, 297 (Blewflelds, Nicaragua); 1879, 509 (Antioquia, Colombia).— 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill); viii, 1865, 181 (Grey- 

 town, Nicaragua). — Zeledon, Oat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9; An. Myiarchuss. Nac. 

 Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112(SipurioandTalamanca, Oosta Rica). — Nutting, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1884, 402 (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua).— Allen, Bull. Am. 

 Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 162 (Cacagualito, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia).— 

 Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 495 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; 

 habits; song). 



^Icterus] mesomelas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. 



Icterus scdviniiG AssiN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 51 (Turrialba and San 

 Carlos, Oosta Rica; Greytown, Nicaragua; Rio Atrato and Bogota, Colombia; 

 Venezuela; type in Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ) 



Icterus salvini Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (San Carlos and Turrialba, 

 Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 302 (Costa Rica) . — Zeledon, 

 Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9. 



Ilclerus} salvini Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 838, in text 

 (crit.). 



Icterus mesomelas sahini Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 33 

 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). 



Icterus mesomelas salvinii Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, 1901, 153, in text. 



ICTERUS PARISORUM Bonaparte. 

 SCOTT'S ORIOLE. 



Adult male in summer. — Head, neck, chest, back, and scapulars uni- 

 form black; lesser wing-coverts, edge of wing, under wing-coverts, 

 axillars, under parts of body (except chest), thighs, under tail-coverts, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts deep lemon yellow, the rump and upper 

 tail-coverts usually more or less (sometimes strongly) tinged or washed 

 with olive or olive-grayish; middle wing-coverts usually paler yellow, 

 often passing into white at tips; rest of wings black, the greater coverts 

 more or less broadly tipped with white, and some of the reraiges (espe- 

 cially the tertials) with narrow white margins; four middle rectrices 

 black, with basal portion light lemon yellow; rest of rectrices with 

 more than the basal half light lemon yellow, the terminal portion 

 black, more or less margined terminally with white; bill black, with 

 basal half of mandible light bluish gray; legs and feet (in dried skins) 

 dusky horn color. 



Adult male in winter. — Similar to the summer male but white mark- 

 ings on wings much broader, feathers of back more or less margined 

 with light gray, rump and upper tail-coverts more strongly washed 

 with olive or gray, and flanks more or less tinged with olive. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AKD MIDDLE AMERICA. 



309 



Adult female. — Above olive-grayish, becoming more yellowish olive 

 on rump and upper tail-coverts, the feathers of pileum, back, and 

 scapulars with darker mesial streaks, sometimes black with merely 

 the margins grayish olive; wings dusky with light grayish edgings, 

 the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with white, forming 

 two distinct bands; tail yellowish olive with four middle rectrices and 

 terminal portion of the remainder darker, more grayish olive; under 

 parts plain yellowish olive, passing into clear yellow (gamboge or light 

 lemon) on median portion of breast and abdomen. (In those speci- 

 mens having broad black centers to feathers of pileum, back, etc., the 

 throat more or less spotted or clouded with black; sometimes the 

 whole chin, throat, and chest uniform black.) 



Immature male. — Similar in coloration to adult females, but larger. 



Young male and female {first plumage). — Similar to the lighter- 

 colored adult females, but paler, and with the remiges more broadly 

 margined with whitish. 



Admit ma^e.— Length (skins), 188-210.8 (199.1); wing, 98.6-106.7 

 (104.4); tail, 79.2-91.9(88.4); exposed culmen, 20.8-24.6 (22.9); depth 

 of bill at base, 8.6-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 22.9-25.4 (23.9); middle toe, 

 17-19.1 (18).' 



Adult female.— L&ngih. (skins), 184.2-203.2 (191.5); wing, 94.5-102.1 

 (97.8); tail, 81.3-88.4 (84.3); exposed culmen, 20.3-22.9 (21.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 8.1-9.7 (8.9); tarsus, 23.4-24.9 (24.1); middle toe, 

 16.3-19.6 (17.5).' 



Southwestern United States, Lower California, and Mexican pla- 

 teau; north to western Texas (El Paso County; Pecos River), New 

 Mexico (Sandia Mountains, near Santa Fe; Silver City; Fort Bayard), 

 Arizona (Chiricahua and Santa Rita mountains; Tucson), southern 

 Utah (Beaver Dam Mountains), southern Nevada (Charleston, Grape- 

 vine, White, and Juniper mountains, and Stillwater), and southern 

 California (San Bernardino, San Diego, Los Angeles, and Inyo 

 counties); south to Vera Cruz (temperate and alpine zones), Puebla 

 (San Bartolo; Tehuacan), Mexico (Tlalpam), and Hidalgo (Pachuca). 




310 BULLETIN 50, CNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Icterus parisorum Bonapaete, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , 1837, 110 (Mexico; coll. Paris 

 brothers).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Spc. Lond., 1858, 303 (LaParada, Oaxaca); 

 1860, 251 (Mexico) ; 1864, 175 (valley of Mexico) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 132 

 (n. Mexico; Cape St. Lucas); Ibis. 1883, 365 (monogr.) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 374 (Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; near City of Mexico; Pecos 

 R., Texas; Santa Oatarina, Nuevo Leon.) — Baikd, Bep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 

 ix, 1858, 544; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 57, flg. 1; Rep. U. S. and 

 Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19, pi. 19, fig. 1 (Santa Catarina, and 

 near Monterey, Nuevo Leon); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 411; Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 301, 304 (Cape St. Lucas).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1867, 54 (monogr.).— Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc, i, 1869, 553 

 (temperate and alpine regions. Vera Cruz). — Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 276 

 (Cape St. Lucas to Texas; Fort Mojave, California?). — Coues, Check List, 

 1873, no. 219. — Baibd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 

 188, pi. 35, flg. 7.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 

 (1874), 160 (Arizona a. of Gila R.).— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 268.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 69 (Chiricahua Mts., 

 s. Arizona). — Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 54 (La Paz, Lower 

 California, winter); vi, 1883, 348 (Victoria Mts., Lower California, up to 

 4,500 ft.). — Scott, Auk, ii, 1885, 1-7 (Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona; breed- 

 ing habits, etc.); iv, 1887, 22 (Pima and Gila counties, Arizona; habits, 

 etc.). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 504. — Feb- 

 rari-Peeez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 150 (San Bartolo, Puebla, 

 Nov.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 463. — Moe- 

 COM, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 47 (Chino Canyon and Coahuilla 

 Valley, San Diego Co., California, Apr.). — Nelson, Auk, vii, 1891, 237 (San- 

 dia Mts., near Santa Fe, New Mexico, July). — Browne, Auk, vii, 1891, 238 

 (San Diego, California, 1 spec. , Myiarchusy 16 ; Silver City, New Mexico ) . — Anthony, 

 Auk, viii, 1892, 364 (s. w. New Mexico, breeding); xi, 1894, 827 (San 

 Diego Co., California; San Quentin, Lower California); xii, 1895, 140 (San 

 Fernando, Lower California, resident). — Fisher, North Am. Fauna, no. 7, 

 1893, 76 (Argus, Inyo, Coso, and Panamint Mts., s. e. California; Charles- 

 ton, Grapevine, White, and Juniper Mts. and Mt. Myiarchusgruder, s. Nevada; 

 Beaver Dam Mts., s. Utah). — Bbndiee, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 

 471, pi. 6, figs. 28, 29 (eggs).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 

 269, pi. 31, fig 2.— Thurber, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (hear San Bernardino, Cal- 

 ifornia, Apr. 1, 1895). — Grinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Acad. Sci., 1898,33 

 (Los Angeles, California, Apr. 19, 1895).— Wilson, Auk, xvi, 1899, 189 

 (Fort Bayard, New Mexico, 1 spec). 



[Iclerus] parisorum Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



I[^cierus] parisorum CouEs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 409. — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1887, 373. 



[Xanthomus'] parisorum Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434 (Mexico). 



Icterus parisfwrum Coubs, Check List, 2d ed, 1882, no. 329. — Brewster, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882. 200 (Santa Rita Mts. and Tucson, Arizona; descr. young). 



Icterus melanochry sura Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, 105 (Mexico). 



Icterus scottii Couch, Proc Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1854, 66 (Coahuila and Nuevo 

 Leon, n. e. Mexico; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.?). 



ICTERUS GALBULA (Linnaeus). 



BALTIUOBE ORIOLE. 



Adult male in summ.er. — Head, neck, back, and scapulars uniform 

 black, that of the throat extending posteriorly into median portion of 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 311 



chest; rump, upper tail-covert,s, les.soi- and middle wing-coverts, and 

 under parts of bodj^ (except median portion of upper chest) rich 

 orange or orange-yellow;' wings (except lesser and middle coverts) 

 black, the greater coverts broadlj^ tipped with white, the remiges 

 more or less edged with same; middle pair of rectrices black, except 

 the concealed basal portion; remainder of tail light orange or orange- 

 yellow, crossed near the base by a broad band of black; maxilla black, 

 mandible pale grayish blue (in life), with tip dusky; iris brown; legs 

 and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins). 



Adult male in w<»te'.— Similar to the summer male, but scapulars 

 and interscapulars margined with dull orange, orange of rump and 

 upper tail-coverts more or less obscured with olive, and white wing- 

 edgings broader. 



Adult female in summer.— YWnwm, hindneck, back, and scapulars 

 saffron-olive, the feathers with more or less distinct central spots of 

 black or dusky; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail olive-saffron, 

 brightest (sometimes dull orange) on upper tail-coverts; wmgs dusky, 

 the middle coverts broadly, the greater coverts more narrowly, tipped 

 with white, the remiges edged with gray (sometimes white on longer 

 primaries); under parts saffron yellow or dull orange-yellow, paler 

 and duller on abdomen, tinged with olive on sides and flanks, the 

 throat usually with more or less of black. ^ 



Admit female in winter . — Similar to the summer female, but plum- 

 age softer and back tinged with gray. 



Imm,ature male. — Variously intermediate in coloration between the 

 adult female and fully adult male, according to age. 



Young in first autumn and /vmtej:— 'Not essentially different from 

 those adult females without black on upper parts or throat. 



Ymmg, first plumage. — Essentially similar to the lighter colored 

 adult females, but upper parts paler and grayer, without dusky centers 

 to feathers of pileum, back, etc. ; under parts dull whitish shading 

 into pale saffron-olive on chest, sides, and flanks; chin grayish white, 

 throat pale olive-yellowish, and white wing-markings somewhat tinged 

 with dull yellowish. 



Adult mafe.— Length (skins), 172.7-188 (181.1); wing, 91.4-102.1 

 (97); tail, 70.6-80 (76.9); exposed culmen, 17.5-19.8 (18.3); depth of 

 bill at base, 9.1-10.7 (9.9); tarsus, 22.9-25.4 (23.9); middle toe, 15.2- 

 16.8(15.7).^ 



Varying from cadmium yellow to intense orange, or almost flame scarlet, the 

 average hue being cadmmm orange. 



There is a very great amount of individual variation in the adult female. A 

 Bflajority of specimens show more or less black on the upper parts, some having the 

 head, neck, and back nearly uniform black and the middle rectrices mostly black, 

 thus to be distinguished from males in the second or third year only by dissection. 



Tw^elve specimens. 




312 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Admit female.— Length (skins), 167.5-170.2 (166.1); wing, 85.1- 

 91.9 (88.9); tail, 66-71.9 (68.6); exposed culmen, 16-18 (17.5) depth 

 of bill at base, 8.4-10.2 (9.4:); tarsus, 22.4-24.1 (23.1); middle toe, 

 14.7-16.5 (15.5). ' 



Eastern temperate North America; breeding from the more south- 

 ern United States (Texas to the Carolinas), except along the Gulf 

 coast, northward to Nova Scotia, southern New Brunswick, Ontario, 

 and Myiarchusnitoba (to latitude 55°) ; west to eastern Assiniboia, Montana, 

 Wyoming, and Colorado, east of the Rocky Mountains; in winter 

 south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colombia 

 (province of Santa Myiarchusrta) and Venezuela (Caracas?); accidental in 

 Cuba, at York Factory, and said to have been taken in the Shetland 

 Islands. 



[Coraciaa'] galbula'Lii^sMVS, 8yst. Nat.,ed. 10, i, 1758, 108 ("America"; based on 

 Icterus ex aureo nigroque varius Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pi. 48). 



Icteras gaOmla Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 98; Check List, 2d 

 ed., 1882, no. 326.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 271; Proc. U.S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., X, 1887, 580 (Truxillo, Honduras, Sept.); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 

 319.— Chamberlain, Bull, i, Nat. Hist. See. N. B., 1882, 41 (New Brunswick, 

 rare summer resid. ) ; Auk, iv, 1887, 256 (near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Sept. ).— 

 Ogilby, Sci. Proc. Koy. Dubl. Soc, iii, 1882, 48 (Navarro Co., Texas, 1 spec, 

 Aug. 30).— Hay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 92 (Memphis, Tennessee, and 

 Jackson, Myiarchusssissippi, summer). — Beckham, Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H.,vi, 1883, 

 143 (Nelson Co., Kentucky, breeding). — Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 

 1883, 500 (San Jos6, Costa Rica) ; vi, 1883, 392 (Ometepe, Nicaragua).- Bick- 

 NELL, Auk, ii, 1885, 251 (song). — Agersborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 282 (s. e. South 

 Dakota, breeding) . — Cooke, Auk, ii, 1885, 58 (migrations in 1884) ; Bird Myiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val.,1888, 170 (dates, etc.); Birds Col., 1897, 95 (rare summer resid. El 

 Paso Co., etc., e. side of mountains) ; Bull. no. 44, Col. Agric. Col., 1898, 164 

 (Golden, Colorado). — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 219 (West Indian references); 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 106; Oat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 110 (Cuba).— American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 507. — Febraki-Perez, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 149 (Tezuitlan, Puebla, Nov.; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 

 Sept.). — Zeledon, An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (San Jose, Cartage, 

 and Alajuela, Costa Rica). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 403 (whole State, 



^ Eight specimens. 



Specimens from the Myiarchusssissippi Valley agree very closely with those from the 

 Atlantic States, both in coloration and measurements; possibly the former average 

 brighter in coloration, especially adult males, some of which are by far the moat 

 intensely colored examples seen. Average measurements are as follows: 




BIRDS Off NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 813 



summer resid.) . — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1891, 580 (localities 

 in s. and w. Myiarchusnitoba; liabits, etc.). — Chereie, Auk, viii, 1892, i'iO (San 

 3oa&, Costa Rica, Oct. 5 to Myiarchusr. 16) ; Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, 1893, 30 (Buenos 

 Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 496 

 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Sept. 20 to Feb. 16) . — Bendihe, Life Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1895, 482, pi. 7, figs. 6-9 (eggs).— Beal, Yearbook U. S. Dep. Agr. 

 for 1895, 426-430, fig. Ill (food, etc.)— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., 

 ii, 1896, 286, pi. 30, flgs. 1, 2.— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 139 

 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, winter). — Robbins, Auk, xvi, 1899, 354 (song). — 

 Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 "(1900), 105 (breeding in East 

 Feliciana parish, Louisiana). — Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 40 (Port Sydney 

 and Beaumaris, n. Ontario, summer resident). — Caky, Auk, xviii, 1901, 236 

 (Edgemont, Black Hills, Wyoming, breeding). 



[Icterus} galbula Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. 



I[ckrus] galbula Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 408. — Ridgwa v, Myiarchusn. N. 

 . Am. Birds, 1887, 377. 



[OriolusJ baltimore LinnjEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 162 (based on Icterus 

 minor Brisson, ii, Orn., 109; Icterus ex aureo nigroque varius C'atesby Nat. 

 Hist. Carolina, i, pi. 48). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, pt. i, 1788, 381. — Latham, 

 Index Orn., i, 1790, 180. 



Qriolus baltimore Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 23, pi. 1, fig. 3; vi, 1812, 88, pi. 53, 

 fig. 4. 



Icterus baltimore Daudin, Traite d'Orn., ii, 1800, 348. — Temminck, Cat. Syst., 

 1807, 47.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 51; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1837, 116 (Guatemala); Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 29. — Lichtenstein, 

 Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 18.80, 1 (Mexico).— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., i, 1832, 152. — Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 

 284.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 66, pi. 12; v. 1839, 278, pi. 423; Synopsis, 

 1839, 143; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 37, pi. 217.— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 548; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19 (San 

 Antonio, Texas) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 415. — Hayden, Rep. U. S. Geol. 

 Surv., 1862, 170 (wooded portions of the Myiarchusssouri Valley). — Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 175 (Mexico); Ibis, 1883, 354 (monogr.); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; British Honduras; Choctum, 

 Cahabon, Coban, San Pedro Myiarchusrtir, Volcan de Fuego, and Escuentla, Gua- 

 temala; San Pedro. Honduras; Chontales, Nicaragua; Irazu distr. and Bebe- 

 dero, Costa Rica; Bugaba and Calobre, Veragua; Lion Hill and Paraiso 

 Station, Panama R. R.; Myiarchusnca, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela?). — Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 177? 

 (David, Chiriqui). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, June 

 2).— Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 (Lion Hill).— 

 Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 493 (Myiarchustamoras, Tamaulipas, breeding?; Houston, 

 Texas).— Gundlach, Reprt. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 286; Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1874, 127 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1892, 95.— Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (Vera Cruz, migrant).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. 

 Zool., iii, 1872, 146 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, Aug.), 150 (e. Colorado, sum- 

 mer), 178 (Kansas; Wyoming; Colorado; crit.).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 

 8 (common); 3d ed., 1875, 8.— Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 183 

 (Colorado) ; Field aM Forest, 1877, 208 (do.).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 

 216; Birds N. W., 1874, 193; Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 

 604 (Pembina, North Dakota, breeding; crit.).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1878, 59 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, Myiarchusr., Apr.).— Brewster, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., xi, 1875, 142 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia, breeding); Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 176 (descr. young) .-Baird, Bkewbr, and Ridgway, 




314 BULLETIN 50, IJllITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Hist. X. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 195, pi. 35, fig. 5; iii, 1874, 518 (El Paso Co., 

 Colorado).— MyiarchusCauley, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 669 

 (AVolf Creek, n. Texas, breeding).— MyiarchusChesney, Bull. U. S. Geol. and 

 Geog. Surv., v, 1879, 80 (Fort Sisseton, South Dakota, Myiarchusy 19 to Sept. 1).— 

 Merrill, Proo. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 135 (Fort Brown, Texas').— Salvin, 

 and GoDMAN, Ibis, 1880, 123 (Myiarchusnca, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Feb.); 

 Biol. Centr.-Ani., Aves, i, 1887, 460.— Slade, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 

 181 (food). — Zeledon, Oat. Aves de Costa Kica, 1882, lO.-— Salvin, Cat. 

 Strickland Coll., 1882, 262 (Guatemala). 



[Icterus'] baltimore Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 158. — Sclateb and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 



llderus] baltimore 'Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 112 (n. e. Illinois, Myiarchusy 

 8 to Sept.). 



Ycierus baltimore Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 63, pi, 9, figs. 1, 2. 



Ps[aroeolius1 baltimore Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 27. 



Y[phanihes] baltimore Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 708. 



Yphanles baltimore Vieillot, Gal. Ois., i, 1824, 124, pi. 87. — Woodhouse, Eep. 

 Sitgreaves' Expl. Zufii and Col. R., 1853, 79 (Indian Terr.; e. Texas).— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, 90 (Mexico). — Raymond, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 291 (Franklin Co., Indiana). — Brewer, Proc. Best. 

 Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 



\_Yphantes1 baltimore Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 432. 



Hlyphantes] baltimore Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 183. 



Hyphantes baltimore Gundlacii, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 10 (Cuba). — Moore, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 57 (Cays, bet. Belize and Omoa, British Honduras).— 

 Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 7 (San Jose, Costa Rica). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 62 (monogr.).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 

 104 (SanJos6, Costa Rica).— Frantzius, Journ. fur. Orn., 1869, 303 (Costa 

 Rica). 



Yphantes ballimorenm Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 142 (Chiriqui). 



Hyphantes baliimorensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 205 (San Andres 

 Tuxtla, Vera Cruz); 1859, 57, 365 (Jalapa). 



Icterus baliimorensis Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Vera Paz, Guatemala); 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 279 (Blewflelds R., Nicaragua); 1870, 836 (San 

 Pedro, Honduras). — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 130 (Pennsylvania; 

 Jalapa, Vera Cruz). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (David, 

 Chiriqui); 1870, 190 (Calobre, Veragua); Ibis, 1872, 317 (Chontales, Nica- 

 ragua). — CouEs, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 37, 285 (Myiarchusssachusetts); Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina).— Trippe, Proc. Essex 

 Inst, vi, 1871, 117 (Myiarchusnnesota). 



Icterus ballimorus Wilson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 88, pi. 53, fig. 4 (female).— 

 MyiarchusIlwkaith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 90 (Hamilton, Ontario). 



Oriolus tricolor MyiarchusiLLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 87 (based on Le Baltimore bdiard, 

 du Canada, Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 506, fig. 2; = adult female). 



ICTERUS BULLOCKII (Swainson). 

 BUIIOCE'S ORIOLE, 



Adult male in summer. — Greater part of pileum, hindneck, back, 

 scapulars, lores, postocular streak, anterior portion of malar region, 

 chin, and broad stripe down middle of throat, black; rest of head aud 

 neck (including a broad superciliary stripe and sometimes the whole 



' Discredits alleged breeding at Myiarchustamoraa. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 315 



forehead), orange or orange-yellow/ the under parts similar, bnt 

 rather paler or more yellowish orange posteriorly; rump and upper 

 tail-coverts orange or orange-yellow, more or less (often strongly) 

 tinged with olive; lesser wing-coverts partly black, partly (next to 

 bend and anterior border) orange; exposed portion of middle and 

 greater coverts white, forming a large patch; rest of wings, including 

 greater portion of inner webs of greater coverts, black, the secondaries 

 (except at base of five or six outermost) broadly, the primaries more 

 narrowly, edged with white; middle pair of rectrices black, except at 

 base; next pair mostly black; remaining rectrices orange-yellow, with 

 more or less of black or dusky at tips (sometimes also on subbasal por- 

 tion of inner webs); maxilla black, mandible bluish; iris brown; legs 

 and feet dusky horn color in dried skins. 



Adult male in winter. — Similar to the summer male, but scapulars 

 and interscapulars margined with grayish, feathers of under parts 

 faintly margined with whitish, and those of rump and upper tail-coverts 

 tipped with light grayish. 



Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck yellowish olive, becoming 

 grayer posteriorly; back, scapulars, and rump olive-gx'ayish, the Vjack 

 sometimes narrowly or indistinctly streaked with dusky; upper tail- 

 coverts and tail olivaceous saffron yellow, or wax yellow, rather 

 brighter on edges of the rectrices; sides of head (including superciliary 

 stripe), sides of neck, and chest (sometimes most of throat also — more 

 rarely most of under parts) saffron yellowish or dull orange-j'ellow ; 

 chin and median line of throat more whitish, sometimes blotched with 

 black (chin and median line of throat rarely solid black?); rest of under 

 parts dull buffy whitish, the sides and flanks tinged with pale olive- 

 grayish, and breast (sometimes abdomen also) tinged with yellow; anal 

 region and under tail-coverts more yellowish, sometimes distinctly 

 yellow; wings dusker, the middle coverts broadly tipped with white, 

 forming a distinct band, the greater coverts and remiges edged with 

 white or grayish white. 



Immature male (second year). — Similar to the adult female, but chin 

 and median line of throat solid black, the lores also black, and size 

 slightly larger. 



Yornig male, first plumage. — Similar to adult female, but throat 

 entirely yellowish, wing-markings more buffy whitish, and plumage in 

 general more or less suffused with buffy, especially the under parts. 



Young female, first plumage.Simi\a,r to the young male, but slightly 

 paler. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 171.5-193 (180.3); wing, 97-102.4 

 (99.8); tail, 75.7-81.8 (78.7); exposed culmen, 16.5-20.6 (18.5); depth 



^Varying from almost lemon yellow to deeper than cadmium orange, the average 

 hue about the "orange" of my "Nomenclature of Colors." 




316 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of bill at base, 9.1-10.3 (9.9); tarsus, 24.1-25.4 (24.9); middle toe, 15.7- 

 17.8 (16.3).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 167.6-190.5 (177); wing, 89.4-98.3 

 (93.7); tail, 69.3-79.2 (74.4); exposed culmen, 17-19.8 (18.3); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.6-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 23.4r-25.4 (24.6); middle toe, 15.6- 

 17.8 (16.3).^ 



Western United States and British provinces and plateau of Mexico; 

 north to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southern 

 Assiniboia; east to eastern border of the Great Plains in middle portions 

 of South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas (Myiarchusnhattan), Indian Territory, and 

 Texas, more sparingly to eastern portion of the same States; breeding 

 south at least to States of Sonora and Chihuahua, northern Mexico; 

 in winter south to States of Co lima (Myiarchusnzanillo), Mexico (Tlalpam, 

 valley of Mexico), Puebla (Huehuetlan, Huachimango), and Durango 

 (Chacala, Papasquiaro). Accidental in Myiarchusine (Sorrento, Hancock 

 County, November, 1889). 



Xanthomus buUockii Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 436 (tableland of 

 Mexico). 



Agelaiiis bullocMyiarchus Eichahdson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 176. 



Icterus butlocMyiarchus Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 29. — Audubon, Orn. 

 Biog., V, 1839, 9, pis. 388, 433; Synopsis, 1839, 143; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 

 1842, 43, pi. 218.— Newberry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 87 (Sacra- 

 mento Valley, California). — ^Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 549; 

 Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 20 (Guadalupe Canon and 

 Eagle Pass, Texas) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 416. — Xantus, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 192 (Fort Tejon, California).— Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico). — Cooper and Suckley, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 209 (Puget Sound, etc.).— Sclater, Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 130 (California; n. Mexico). — Lord, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst., iv, 

 1864, 121 (British Columbia).— Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 91 

 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 217; BirdsN. W,, 1874, 195.— 

 Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 273. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. 



' Twelve specimens. 



^ Twelve specimens. 



Specimens from California are smaller than those from the interior, and apparently 

 average rather duller in coloration; average measurements of equal series from east 

 and west of the Sierra Nevada, respectively, are as follows: 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 31 V 



Birds, ii, 1874, p\. 34, fig. 7. — Hbnshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 



1874, 65 (Denver, Colorado; measurements). — Snow, Birds Kansas, 3d ed., 



1875, 8 (summer resid.).— Fberaei-Peeez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 150 

 (Huehuetlan, Puebla, Jan.). — Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 47 

 (interior British Columbia) . 



Icllerus] bullockii Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 259 (descriptions, etc.). 



llclerus bullockii] Coues, Am. Nat., v, 1871, 678-682 (biography). 



Icterus bullocJd Sclatee, Ibis, 1883, 354 (monogr. ) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. , xi, 1 886, 

 365.— Butcher, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, Myiarchusy to 

 Aug.). — Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 362 (valley of 

 Mexico); Exotic Orn., 1869, 188.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 (Lawrence, 

 e. Kansas; 5 specs., Myiarchusy, June, 1871). — Bated, Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 199, pi. 34, fig. 3.— Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th 

 Merid., 1875, 320 (Utah; Colorado; Arizona; habits, etc.). — Ridgwav, Orn. 

 40th Parallel, 1877, 508 (Sacramento, California; localities in Nevada and 

 Utah; habits, etc.); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 272.— MyiarchusCahley, Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 669 (Wolf Creek, n. Texas; 

 rare). — Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 25 

 (Hidalgo, Texas, breeding; descr. nest and eggs); v, 1879, 397 (Lometa, 

 Texas, breeding).— Mbreill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 135 (Fort Brown, 

 Texas, breeding). — Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 327. — American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 508. — Ageesborg, Auk, ii, 

 1885, 282 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, 1, 1887, 462.— Hancock, Bull. Bidgw. Orn. Club, no! 2, 1887, 

 18 (Corpus Christi, Texas, breeding. )— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 

 171 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding; Myiarchusnhattan, e. Kansas; etc.; dates). — 

 Brewster, Auk, v. 1890, 92 (near Bangor,^ Myiarchusine, 1 spec, Nov., 1889). — 

 Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. A., iii, 1890, 143 (Ashcroft, British Colum- 

 bia).— Fannin, Check List Birds Brit. Col., 1891, 33 (e. side Cascades; rare 

 sum. resid.). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 405 (common in w. Kansas; e. to 

 Myiarchusnhattan).— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 109 (Corpus Christi, 

 Texas, breeding).— Attwateh, Auk, ix, 1892, 238 (San Antonio, Texas, sum- 

 mer resid.).— Singley, Rep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 372 (Hidalgo).— Ben- 

 dire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 486, pi. 7, figs. 10-13 (eggs).— 

 Neheling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 293, pi. 31, fig. 1.— Knight, 

 Bull. no. 3, Univ. Myiarchusine, 1897, 88 (Sorrento, Hancock Co., Myiarchusine, 1 spec, 

 Nov., 1889) .— Beooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 106 (British Columbia, abt. on e. side 

 of Cascade range; Chilliwack on w. side).— Carroll, Auk, xvii, 1901, 345 

 (Refugio Co., Texas, breeding).— Beunee, Proc. Neb. Orn. Un., sec. ann. 

 meet., 1901, 54 (Ft. Robinson and Sioux Co., w. Nebraska, breeding).— 

 Ceawfoed, Proc. Neb. Orn. Un., sec. ann. meet., 1901, 77 (Sioux Co., w. 

 Nebraska, Myiarchusy).— Cary, Auk, xviii, 1901, 236 (Edgemont, Black Hills, 

 Wyoming, breeding). 



[Yijlumtes} ftuHocKi Bon apaete, Consp.Av., i, 1850, 432. 



Yphantes bullockii Heeemann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 52 (Sacra- 

 mento Valley, California; descr. notes and nests and eggs).— Dugbs, La 

 Naturaleza, i, 1870, 139 (Mexico). 



Hyphantes bullockii Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. , 1867, 62. 



Icterus (Hyphantes) bullockii Mbeeiam, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1872, 685 

 (Utah; Idaho). 



^Locality erroneous; should be Sorrento, Hancock County; see Knight, Bull. no. 

 3, Univ. Myiarchusine, 1897, 88. 




318 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Icterus hullocki] var. hulloeki Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 



ii, 1874, 184. 

 [Icterus] hullocki Solater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 

 /[cterus] hullocki Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 409.-^Ridgway, Myiarchusn. 



N. Am. Birds, 1887, 378. 

 PsarocoKus auricolUs Myiarchusximilian, Keise Nordam., i, 1839, 367 (Fort Pierre, 



Soutli Dakota; type in coll. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist., New York City). — Baibd, 



in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 332 (Myiarchusssouri E.). 



ICTERUS ABEILLEI (Lesson). 

 ABEILLE'S ORIOLE. 



Similar to I. hdloGhii, but adult male with rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 sidey, flanks, auricular region, and sides of neck black; adult female 

 and immature male darker and grayer than those of I. huUocMyiarchus, espe- 

 cially on sides of head. 



Adult male. — Above uniform deep black, from forehead to upper 

 tail-coverts, inclusive; lores, auricular region, anterior portion of 

 malar region, chin and median portion of throat, sides of neck, sides, 

 and flanks uniform black; rest of under parts, including malar region 

 (except extreme anterior portion), and under wing-coverts yellow, 

 more or less inclining to orange anteriorly; a more or less distinct 

 supraloral line of orange-yellow; wings black, relieved by a large 

 white patch covering middle and greater coverts (inner webs of the 

 latter black) and broad white edgings to innermost secondaries, the 

 longer primaries more narrowly edged with white or pale gray; tail 

 yellow, the middle pair of i-ectrices mostly black and the rest with 

 more or less of black on terminal portion; maxilla blackish, mandible 

 bluish with dusky tip; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky horn color. 



Adult female. — Above gray, tinged with olive-yellowish on the 

 head, the feathers of the back darker centrally; an indistinct dusky 

 median stripe on chin and throat; sides of throat, malar region, and 

 chest yellowish; sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts grayish, the latter 

 tinged with yellow; abdomen and median portion of the breast dull 

 whitish; wings dusky, the remiges and greater coverts edged with 

 light gray, the latter (except the innermost) and middle coverts broadly 

 tipped with white; tail yellowish olive. 



Immature male. — Similar to adult female, but yellow of chest, etc., 

 brighter, and black throat-stripe usually more distinct. 



Adult male.— Length, (skins), 177.8-188 (181.9); wing, 102.9-106.7 

 (104.6); tail, 80-86.4 (83.6); exposed c'ulmen, 17.3-18.8 (17.8); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.6-10.2 (9.4); tarsus, 23.1-25.4 (24.1); middle toe, 

 15.5-16.6 (16).' 



Adult f&niale.—'LQXigth.{s^m),VJ6.^; wing, 96.5; tail, 79.2; exposed 

 culmen, 17.8; depth of bill at base, 8.9; tarsus, 25.1; middle toe, 15.2.' 



' Five specimens. ^ One specimen. 




BIEDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 319 



Southern portion of Mexican plateau, in States of San Luis Potosi 

 (Jesus Myiarchusria), Puebla (Chalciiicomula), Mexico (Tlalpam, valley of 

 Mexico), Morelos (Huitzilac), Jalisco (Hacienda el Molina), Guan- 

 ajuato (Celaya), and Vera Cruz (Orizaba). 



(?)[OioZ«s] costototl Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, pt. i, 1788, 385 ("Nova Hispania"; 



based on Icterus novae hispaniie Briason, Orn., ii, p. 95; Xochilol et Costototl 



Bufion, Hist. Nat. Ois., iii, p. 210). 

 Psiarocolius] coztoiotl Wagler, Isis, 1829, 757. 

 [YpharUes'] coztototl Bon apakts, Consp. Av., i, 1850,432 (Mexico). 

 Hlyphantes] costototl Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 183, footnote. 

 Xanthomus abeillei'LEssov, Rev. Zool., 1839, 101 (Mexico; coll. Abeill^). 

 Icterus abeilln Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 252 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); 



1864, 175 (valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 130 (Mexico); Ibis,' 



1883, 354 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 366 (City of Mexico; 



"North Mexico").— ScLATER and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 362 



(City of Mexico) ; Exotic Orn. , pt. i, 1869, 187, pi. 94.— Duges, La Naturaleza, 



i, 1868, 139 (Guanajuato).— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 262 (Mexico) . 

 Icterus abeilliei. Salyin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 462. 

 [Icterus'] abeillsd Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. 

 Icterus abeillei J ovY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1894, 781 (Hacienda el Molina, 



Jalisco). 

 Ilcterus] abeillei Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 378. 

 IPendulimis'] abeillii Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 433. 

 Hyphdntes abeillei CAsam, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1867, 62 (monogr.). 

 [Icterus bullocki} var. abeillei Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 



ii, 1874, 184 (diagnosis) . 

 Icterus bullocki, var. abeillei Baikd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 



ii, 1874, 184, footnote (references). 



Genus AGELAIUS Vieillot. 



Agelaius Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 33. (Type, Oriolus ]}ha:niceus Linnteus.) 



Agelaeus (emendation) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 188. 



Aglaius (emendation) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 127. 



Agelasticus^ Gabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 188. (Type, Turdm thilius 

 Molina.) 



Thilius Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxvi, 1853, 833. (Type, Turdus thilius 

 Molina. ) 



Melanophantes Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 63. (Type, 

 Icterus xanthomus Sclater. ) 



(?) Chrysomus (not Chrysoma Risso, 1826) Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 274. 

 (Type, Oriolus icterocephalus Linnaeus. ) 



(?) Xanthosomus^ Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 189. (Type, Oriolus icte- 

 rocephalus Linnaeus.) 



(?) Erythropsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. [Phila., xviii. Myiarchusr., 1866, 17. 

 (Type, Agelaius frontalis Vieillot.) 



Small or medium-sized semiterrestrial paludicoline Icteridse with 

 bill shorter than head, conical or cuneate, compressed; rather long and 



' "Von d}^EXa(}7Ci?jo?, gesellig, in Heerden lebend." 

 ''"Von ^avSog, gelb, und i&/ia, Leib. Korper." 




320 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



pointed wing; tail three-fourths to nearly six-sevenths as long as wing, 

 more or less rounded; adult males black with red, orange,' yellow, or 

 tawny lesser wing-coverts;' adult females much smaller and conspicu- 

 ously streaked.^ 



Bill shorter than head, elongate-conical or cuneate, compressed, with 

 straight or nearly straight outlines, its basal depth between one-half 

 and one-third the length of culmen, its basal width much less; culmen 

 straight or nearly so, usually more or less depressed in middle portion 

 and elevated and arched basally, more or less flattened, especially the 

 mesorhinial portion, ending posteriorly in an obtuse point; maxillary 

 tomium straight or nearly so, usually faintly convex in middle, the 

 rictal portion strongly deflexed; mandibular tomium straight to near 

 base, when strongly deflexed, with a gradual curve, the subbasal por- 

 tion sometimes (in South American species) slightly arched; gonys 

 straight or nearly so, shorter than maxilla from nostril. Nostril 

 small, oval or roundish (sometimes more or less pointed anteriorly), 

 with a narrow but distinct superior operculum, posteriorly in contact 

 with feathering of frontal antise. Wing moderate or rather long (less 

 than four to nearly five times as long as culmen, three and a half to 

 nearly four and a half times as long as tarsus), the tip moderately pro- 

 duced (slightly less to much more than length of culmen), rounded or 

 truncate; outermost (ninth) primary intermediate between sixth and 

 fifth, equal to fifth, slightly shorter than fifth, or (in A. cyanopm), 

 shorter than fourth; eighth, seventh, or sixth primaries longest, or 

 these three equal in length; inner webs of two or three outer primaries 

 very faintly sinuated beyond middle. Tail three-fourths to nearly 

 seven-eighths as long as wing, more or less rounded (sometimes nearly 

 even), the rectrices broadest near ends, the inner webs of lateral pair 

 many times broader than the outer. Tarsus decidedly longer than 

 culmen, its anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with claw, as long as 

 tarsus or slightly shorter; lateral toes with claws reaching to base of 

 middle claw; hallux much shorter than lateral toes, but much stouter, 

 its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. 



Coloration.— A.divM males uniform black, with lesser wing-coverts 

 red, orange, yellow, or tawny;" adult females conspicuously streaked, 

 both above and below,* except in Antillean species.^ 



Bamge. — The whole of America, except arctic and antarctic portions, 



^ Except in two South American species, which are entirely black. 



* Except in the West Indian species, which are either like the males or (in A. 

 asgimilis) wholly black. 



' Except in two South American species, A. cyanopm and A. forbed, which are 

 entirely black. 



*In A. cyanopus the under parts yellow, with streaking restricted to sides and 

 flanks. 



* In A. ammilis the adult female is entirely black; in A. hwmeralis&nA A. xantlumus 

 the sexes are alike. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 321 



Lesser Antilles, and Galapagos Archipelago. (About twelve species, 

 not including subspecies.) 



The above diagnosis and description of external structural charac- 

 ters are drawn up from the type species and others which are evi- 

 dently congeneric, besides two South American species {A. thilms and 

 A. cyanopus)^ which, though aberrant, seem scarcely different enough 

 to warrant generic separation. In addition to these typical or nearly 

 typical species of Agelaius, Dr. Sclater includes^ six others. Three of 

 these coincide so closely with the typical Agelitii in structural details 

 that, notwithstanding great difference in their style of coloration, I 

 am for the present compelled to refer them to the same genus, though 

 of the opinion that differences maj^ be found which will warrant their 

 generic separation. One of these species {OrijilnH ■ictcnieepliidas Lin- 

 nseus) is the tj^pe of X(nitli<i»niias Cabanis. This species differs from 

 the typical Agla/'l in having the culmen less elevated basally, the 

 mesorhinium less flattened, the wing-tip shorter, the toes and claws 

 more slender, and the plumage of the adult male is uniform deep 

 black, with the whole head, neck, and chest yellow. The other two 

 species are closely allied, and one of them {Agelai.as rufcapilhiH Vieillot) 

 is the type of Erytliropsar Cassin. This has the bill quite as in typical 

 Agehtkis, but the feet are much more slender, with the claws rela- 

 tively longer, and the coloration black, with crown and throat chestnut. 

 A.forbesi Sclater I have not seen, but believe that it should be 

 expunged from this genus, since it is said to have the "feathers of the 

 head and neck lanceolate and with shining shafts," the "mesorhinium 

 much flattened," and the base of the mandible denuded and somewhat 

 tuberculate — characters which, quite apart from others that may exist, 

 are certainly not to be found in any species of true AgdnluH. A. 

 imtlmrini Sclater is so exceedingly unlike anyspeciesof^lr/^y.'^///.vthatit 

 is difficult to understand why it should excv have been placed in that 

 genus. It seems to me far more nearlj' related to QnisadiiK, and I have 

 accordingly made it the type of a new genus, Pseuilngiheux:'' The 

 remaining species, the ( hid us famis of Gmelin, has usually bivn 

 placed in Xanthosfmiva )jy those who accord the latter geiiei'ic rank; 

 but it is by no means congeneric with the type of XinitJioKtmnix, nor 

 apparently with any other species, and having been overlooked by 

 Dr. Cabanis, while Myiarchus. Cassin, in his generous distribution of sub- 

 generic names seems to have forgotten it, I have felt compelled to 

 make a new one {Xantlwpmr) ^ for this species. 



'The first-named of these is the type ofCabanis's genus Jl^eZasiicws (Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 

 September, 1851, 188.) 

 ''Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 339-348. 

 'Proe. Biol. See. Wash., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 155. 



3654— VOL 2—01 21 




322 BULLETIN 50, UNiTBD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF AGELAIUS. 



a. General color uniform black. 



b. Lesser wing-coverts red, orange, yellow, or tawny, 

 c. Lesser wing-coverts red or orange. 

 d. Plumage with a strong bluish green gloss; lesser wing-coverts dull crimson; 

 middle coverts white or (in winter only) light brownish buff. (California 

 and Oregon, west of Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains. ) 



Agelaius tricolor, adult male (p. 324) 

 dd. Plumage without distinct gloss; lesser wing-coverts scarlet, orange-red, or 

 oTsaige; middle coverts buff, ochraceous, tawny, or partly (sometimes 

 wholly) black. 

 e. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts mostly black; or else wing 130 or more. {Agdam 

 gubemator. ) 

 f. Lesser wing-coverts usually rich vermilion or scarlet; middle coverts 

 mostly black; culmen, -from base, averaging not more than 21.8. 

 g. Larger, with relatively shorter tail, bill, and toes (wing averaging 

 136.9, tail 93.2, culmen 21.3, depth of bill at base 12.7, tarsus 32.5, 

 middle toe 22). (Southwestern portion of Mexican plateau.) 



Agelaius gubemator gubemator, adult male (p. 326) 

 gg. Smaller, with relatively longer tail, bill, and toes (wing averaging 

 125.2, tail 91.9, culmen, from base, 21.8, depth of bill at base 11.4, 

 tarsus 30, middle toe 21.8). (California and western Oregon.) 

 Agelaius gubemator califomious, adult male (p. 327) 

 ff. Lesser wing-coverts usually orange or orange-red; middle coverts mostly 

 buff; culmen, from base, averaging 23.1. (Southeastern portion of 

 Mexican plateau. ) . . .Agelaius gubemator grandis, adult male (p. 329) 

 ee. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts entirely buff, ochraceous or tawny, or if partly 

 tipped with black the wing less than 130 (usually less than 127). 

 /. Larger, the wing averaging more than 120.6. 



g. Larger (wing averaging 126, culmen, from base, averaging 23.8, depth 

 of bill at base averaging 13.5). (Interior of British America; 

 Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, etc., during migration). 



Agelaius pbceuiceus fortis, adult male (p. 338) 



gg. Smaller (wing averaging less than 126, culmen, from base, usually 



averaging more than 22.9, depth of bill at base averaging notmore 



than 12.7). 



h. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts paler buff; bill stouter (depth at base averaging 



12.7) . (United States and more southern British Provinces east 



of Eocky Mountains, except Florida and Gulf coast. ) 



Agelaius phoeniceus phoenicens, adult male (p. 330) 

 hh. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts deeper buff, ochraceous or tawny; bill more 

 slender (depth at base averaging less than 12.7.) 

 i. Wing and tail longer (wing averaging 125.5, tail 93.5, culmen, 

 from base, 23.9, depth of bill at base 12.4, tarsus 30.5, middle 

 toe 21.8.) (Southern Arizona, lower Colorado Valley in Cali- 

 fornia, southwestern New Mexico, and south through Mexican 

 States of Sonora and Sinaloa to Tepic. ) 



Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis, adult male (p. 337) 

 a. Wing and tail shorter ( wing averaging not more than 123.2, tail 

 not more than 91.7). 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 323 



_;'. Bill longer and more slender (culmeu, from base, averaging 24.4, 

 depth of bill at base 11.7). (Northv/est coast district, in 

 Washington and British Columbia; occasionally south to Cali- 

 fornia in winter.) 



Agfelaius phoeniceus caurinns, adult male (p. 341) 



jj. Bill shorter and stouter (culmen, from base, averaging 23.1, 



depth of bill at base 12.2). (West slope of Rocky Mountains 



to California, northern Lower California, and Western 



^ Texas) Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis, adult male (p. 339) 



ff. Smaller, the wing averaging not more than 114.3. 

 g. Wing averaging more than 111.8. 

 h. Wing averaging less than 113, culmen averagingnotmorethan24.1. 

 i. Wing averaging 112.5, tail 87.9, culmen 24.6, depth of bill at base 

 11.4, tarsus 28.5, middle toe 20.3. (Florid^and along Gulf coast 

 to Galveston, Texas. ) 



Agelains phoeniceus floridanus, adult male (p. 333) 

 a. Wing averaging 112, tail 82.8, culmen 23.1, depth of bill at 

 base 11.4, tarsus 27.9, middle toe 20.1. (Southern Texas, low- 

 lands of eastern Mexico, Yucatan, and south to Nicaragua. ) 



Agelains phoeniceus richmondi, adult male (p. 335) 

 hh. Wing averaging 114.3, culmen averaging 25.9. (Bahama islands, 

 Florida Keys, and southeast coast of Florida. ) 



Agelaius phoeniceus bryauti, adult male (p. 334) 

 gg. Wing averaging 108.2. (Cuba, including Isle of Pines.) 



Agelaius assimilis, adult male (p. 342) 

 cc. Lesser wing-coverts neither red nor orange. 

 d. Lesser wing-coverts cinnamon-rufous or tawny. (Cuba.) 



Agelaius humeralis, adult male and female (p. 343) 

 dd. Lesser wing-coverts lemon-yellow. (Porto Rico.) 



Agelaiua xanthomus, adult male and female (p. 344) 

 66. Leaser wing-coverts black, like rest of plumage. 



Agelains assimilis, adult female (p. 342) 

 aa. General color not black, but more or less streaked, at least on throat. 

 6. Under parts of body unicolored, or with distinct streaks only on anterior halt, 

 c. Color more grayish, the plumage with a soft, silky gloss. 



Agelaius tricolor, adult female (pp. 324, 325) 

 cc. Color more sooty, the plumage without distinct, if any, gloss. 

 d. Larger (wing averaging more than 107.9). 

 «. Less streaked below, the whole under surface of body usually uniform 

 dusky or sooty; wing averaging 108.4, tail 71.6, culmen 18.3, depth of 

 bill at base 10.4, tarsus 27.9, middle toe 19.3. 



Agelains gubernator gubernator, adult female (p. 327) 

 ee. More streaked beneath, the breast always (?) distinctly streaked; wing 

 averaging 110.5, tail 77.2, culmen 19.6, depth of bill at base 11.7, tar- 

 sus 28.2, naiddle toe 20.3. 



Agelains gubernator grandis, adult female (p. 329) 

 dd. Smaller (wing averaging 103.9) . 



Agelains gubernator californieus, adult female (p. 328) 

 66. Under parts of body conspicuously streaked throughout, 

 c. Darker, the under parts with dusky and whitish streaks about equally broad 

 or the former broader, the upper parts with darker colors predominating. 

 d. Larger, the wing averaging more than 95.2, tail averagmg 72.4 or more. 




324 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



e. Darker, with streaks of under parts more blackish; upper parts with much 

 of rusty in winter. 

 /. Larger, with longer bill (wing averaging 103.1, tail 77.5, culmen 20.8, 

 tarsus 26.9); streaks on under parts more blackish, and upper parts 

 with more rusty in winter. 



AgelaiQS phceuicens canrinQS, adult female (p. 341 ) 

 ff. Smaller, with shorter bill (wing averaging 98.3, tail 74.2, culmen 19.3, 

 tarsus 25.9); streaks on under parts less blackish, and upper parts 

 with less rusty in winter. 



Agelaiua phoenioeus phoeniceuB, adult female (p. 331) 

 ee. Paler, with streaks of under parts more grayish; upper parts with little 

 if any rusty in winter. 



Agelaius plioeiiiceus neutralis, adult female (p. 339) 

 dd. Smaller, the wing averaging 93.7, tail averaging 71.1. (Coloration as in 

 A. ■p. phaniceii^, but averaging slightly darker. ) 



Agelaius phoeniceus floridanns, adult female (p. 333) 

 cc. Paler, the under parts with dusky or grayish streaks usually narrower than 

 the whitish ones, the upper parts with paler colors predominating. 

 d. Larger, with shorter and thicker bill (wing averaging 105.5, tail 78.1, cul- 

 men 19.1, depth of bill at base 11.8). 



Agelaius phoeniceus fortis, adult female (p. 338) 



dd. Smaller, with longer and more slender bill (wing averaging not more than 



102.4, tail not more than 73.4, culmen 19.3 or more, depth of bill at base 



not more than 10.2). 



e. Larger, except billowing averaging 102.4, tail 73.4, culmen 19.8, depth 



of bill at base 9.9, tarsus 26.7, middle toe 19). 



Agelaius phoeniceus souoriensis, adult female (p. 337) 

 ee. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 92.7, tail 68.6, tarsus not more 

 than 25.6). 

 /. Under parts with ground color duller white, the dusky streaks broader; 

 white terminal margins to wing-coverts narrower. 



Agelaius phoeniceus Tichmondi, adult female (p. 335) 

 ff. Under parts with ground color purer white, the dusky streaks narrower; 

 white terminal margins to wing-coverts broader. 



Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti, adult female (p. 334) 



AGELAIUS TRICOLOR (Audubon). 



TRICOLORED BLACKBIRD. 



Adult malt' in summer. — Uniform glossy blue-black, the plumage 

 with a silkj' luster; lesser wing-coverts brownish carmine or duU 

 crimson;' middle coverts white, in abrupt and conspicuous contrast; 

 bill, legs, and feet black; iris brown. 



Adult male In winter. — Similar to the summer male, but plumage 

 still softer and more glossy and middle wing-coverts more or less 

 tinged with brownish buff. 



Ad'Ult female in sunvmer. — Above dusky, the plumage with a strong 

 greenish or bronzy luster in certain lights; pileum narrowly streaked 

 with brownish gray, most distinctly along the median line, where, 



^Very different from the bright vermilion, scarlet, or orange of A. gubemaior wA 

 A.phcsniceus and their subspecies. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 325 



however, not forming a stripe; scapulars and interscapulars with light 

 brownish gray edgings to inner webs; lesser wing-coverts broadly 

 margined with brownish gray (sometimes tinged with brownish red 

 toward junction of wing with body); middle coverts abruptly mar- 

 gined with white or white and graj^; greater coverts, secondaries, 

 innermost primaries, and rectrices narrowly edged with light brown- 

 ish gray; outermost primaries narrowly edged with white; a distinct 

 superciliary stripe and a malar stripe of pale brownish gray or dull 

 buffy whitish, narrowly streaked with dusky; space between these 

 lighter-colored stripes nearly uniform dark brownish graj^; chin and 

 throat pale grayish buffy or dull whitish, the latter streaked with 

 dusky, especially along sides; chest streaked with dusky and pale 

 grayish buff'y in about equal amount; rest of under parts dusky, with 

 more or less distinct paler margins to f eathei-s, these most distinct on 

 breast; bill blackish, the mandible more or less paler, sometimes horn 

 color; legs and feet brownish black; iris brown. 



Admit female in winter. — Similar to the summer female, but plum- 

 age softer, more glossy, and of a more grayish cast, with pale (light 

 buffy grayish) margins to feathers of lower parts much broader. 



Immature f cm ale (in firnt winter). — Similar to the adult female in 

 winter, but much browner, the pileum, hindneck, and back strongly 

 tinged or washed with brown, and the superciliai'y and malar stripes, 

 Ughter streaks of anterior under parts, and margins of wing-coverts 

 brownish buffy. 



Young (sexes alike). — Myiarchusch like summer female, but general color 

 browner and under parts of body narrowly streaked with dull grayish 

 white; middle and greater wing-coverts margined terminalljr with dull 

 buffy whitish, producing two narrow bands; tertials narrowly mar- 

 gined with dull buffy whitish. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 203.^-229.9 (211.1); wing, 117.6-123.Y 

 (121.2); tail, 84.3-95.3 (88.1); culmen, 22.1-24.1 (23.4); depth of bill 

 at base, 10.4-11.7 (11.2); tarsus, 28.7-30.Y (29.7); middle toe, 21.3- 

 23.1 (22.4).' 



A&dt fe7nale),.—L,QXigt\L (skins), 180.3-199.4 (188.2); wing, 104.4- 

 109.7 (106.7); tail, 74.2-80.3 (75.4); culmen, from base, 19.8-21.1 (20.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.7-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 25.4-26.9 (26.4); middle 

 toe, 19.1-20.3 (19.8).' 



Valleys of California, northern Lower California (San Rafael Val- 

 ley, etc.), and southwestern Oregon (Klamath Lakes; Wapeta Lake 

 and Beaverton, Washington County). 



/otents trmloT "Nuttall" Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 1, pi. 388, fig. 1 (Santa 

 Barbara, California;^ coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 186. 



' Nine specimens. 



''' Ten specimens. 



'According to label of type, from Audubon's collection. 




326 BULLETIN 50, TTNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Agelams tricolor Bonaparte, Geog. and Oomp. List, 1838,29. — Audubon, Synopsis, 

 1839, 141; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 27, pi. 214.— Gambel, Journ. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., i, 1847, 48 (California; notes); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1847, 204 (do.).— Heermann, Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., 

 ii, 1852, 268 (near Shasta City, n. California; habits); Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., X, pt. iv, 1859, 53 (Suisun Valley, n. California; habits; descr. nest 

 and eggs). — Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zufii and Cpl. R., 1853, 

 80 (San Jos6 Valley, California). — Newbeeey, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 



1857, 86 (Klamath Basin, Oregon). — Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 



1858, 530; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 403; (?) Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. 

 Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 18 (Colorado R., California, Dec). — Xantus, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 192 (Fort Tejon, California).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1866, 10 (monogr.).— Cooper, Orn. CaL, 1870, 265.— Baied, 

 Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 165, pi. 33, figs. 5, 6, 7.— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 500. — Anthony, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 167 (Beaverton and Wapita Lake, Washington Co., w. Ore- 

 gon). — MoRCOM, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 47 (San Gorgonio, San 



. Bernardino Co., s. California, winter and Myiarchusy 26). — Emerson, Bull. Oal. Ac. 

 Sci., no. 7, 1887, 428 (Poway, San Diego Co., s. California). — Bendire, Life 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 456, pi. 6, figs. 18, 19 (eggs).— Nehrling, Out 

 Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 257. — Grinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 

 33 (Los Angeles Co., California, resident). — Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., 

 iii, 1901, 154 (range).— Barlow, Condor, iii, 1901, 168 (Lake Tahoe, Cali- 

 fornia, breeding). 



Ageisms tricolor Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1875, 9 (Saticoy, California; descr. 

 eggs).— Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 505 (Sacramento, California); 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 262.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 318.— 

 Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1876, 249 (Santa Clara Valley 

 and Santa Barbara, California; habits). — Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 i, 1879, 421 (Stockton, CaUfornia, Myiarchusr. 22 and Apr. 5).— Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 

 11 (monogr.); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 342 (Santa Barbara and Stock- 

 ton, California). 



Algelaius] tricolor Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 430. — Ridqway, Myiarchusn. N.Am. 

 Birds, 1887, 371. 



A[gelseus] tricolor Ooues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 404. 



[Agelseus phcmiceus.'] Var. tricolor CouEs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 156. 



Ageisms phoeniceus . var. tricolor Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 212 b. 



[Agelseus phoeniceus} d. tricolor Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 186 (synonymy). 



AuELAIUS GUBERNATOR GUBERNATOR (Wagler). 

 JIICOLORED BLACKBIRD. 



Similar to A. phoeniceus phoeniceus, but adult male with middle wing- 

 coverts black or with black tips; the adult female with under parts of 

 body uniform black or sooty and upper parts nearly or quite uniform 

 dusky; wingf and tarsus longer, tail, bill, and middle toe shorter. 



Adult male. — Uniform deep black, with a faint bluish green gloss 

 in certain lights; lesser wing-coverts rich poppy red or vermilion; 

 middle coverts black, or (if not entirely black) at least broadly tipped 

 with black, the basal portion tawny-buff or ochraceous; bill, legs, and 

 feet black; iris brown. 




BIRDS OP NOBTH AKD MIDDLE AMERICA. 327 



Immature male. — Lesser wing-coverts partly black, the red portions 

 often of an orange-tawny or ochraceous-rufous hue. 



Admit female. — Nearly or quite uniform dark sooty brown, the chin 

 and throat streaked (usually broadly) with whitish, buff, or pinkish, 

 the superciliary region narrowly streaked with the same, producing a 

 more or less distinct stripe. 



Adult »ifflZe.— Length (skins), 208.3-233.7 (218.9); wing, 124.5-144.3 

 (136.9); tail, 85.9-101.6 (93.2); culmen, from base, 20.3-22.9 (21.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.4-13.7 (12.7); tarsus, 30-34.3 (32.5); middle 

 toe, 19.8-22.9 (21.1).' 



l(?M?!{/maZe.— Length (skins), 167.6-191.6 (176); wing, 104.1-116.3 

 (108.5); tail, 64.8-80(71.6); culmen, from base, 17.3-19.3(18.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 26.4-29.2 (27.9); middle toe, 

 18.5-21.6 (19.3).^ 



Southwestern portion of Mexican plateau, in States of Durango 

 (Garceria; Ciudad Durango), Zacatecas (Monte Escobedo), Jalisco 

 (Lagos; Lake Chapala; La Barca; Tonila), Guanajuato, Myiarchuschoacan 

 (Patzcuaro), and Mexico (valley of Mexico?). 



Ps\arocolius\ gubernator 'W agler, Isis, iv, 1832,281 (Mexico). 



Agelaius gubemator Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 110 (Mexico).— 

 (7) Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 204, part (w. Mexico).— Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 11, part (monogr.) — American Ornithol- 

 ogists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 499, part. — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1890, 218 (Lake Patzcuaro, Myiarchuschoacan). 



{1) Ageisms gubemator ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 175 (valley of Mexico). 



Ageisms gubemator Sclater, Ibis, 1884 10, part (Mexico); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 841, part.- Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 

 454, part (valley of Mexico). 



Algelseus'] plhmniceus} gubemator Ooues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 404, 

 part. 



Agelaius gubemator gubemator TiiDGyf AY, Proc. "Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 

 154 (geog. range). 



[Agelaiusl gubemator Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 430 (Mexico). 



[Aglaius'] gubemator Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. 



A[gelaius'] gubemator Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 370, part. 



Agelaius phoeniceus, var. gubemator Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874," 163, part. 



AGELAIUS GUBERNATOR CALIFORNICUS Nelson. 

 CALIFORNIAN BICOLORED BLACKBIRD. 



Similar to A. g. gulernator, but wing decidedly shorter, bill longer 

 and more slender, tarsus shorter, and middle toe longer; adult female 

 more or less streaked above, at least on pileum and back. 



Adult male.— Jjeugth. (skins), 198.1-218.4 (212.1); wing, 118.4-129.3 

 (125.2); tail, 81.3-96 (91.9); culmen, from base, 19.8-23.1 (21.8); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.7-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 28.2-31 (30); middle toe, 

 20.8-22.4 (21.8).= 



' Seventeen specimens. ' Seven specimens. " Ten specimens. 




328 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult fenMle.—hQngth (skins), 175.3-190.5 (183.1); wing, 100.8- 

 107.4: (103.9); tail, 68.1-76.7 (72.1); culmen, from base, 18.6-19.8 

 (18.8); depth of bill at base, 9.7-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 25.7-27.9 (26.7); 

 middle toe, 18.8-20.1 (19.3).^ 



Northern and central coast district of California (Mendocino, Sonoma, 

 Myiarchusrin, San Francisco, San Joaquin, Santa Clara and San Benito coun- 

 ties) and northward to coast of Washington (Cape Disappointment); 

 migrating or straggling eastward to Shasta, Yuba, and Plumas counties, 

 southward to Los Angeles and Riverside counties. 



Agelaius gubernator (not Psarocolius guhernator Wagler) Bonaparte, Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 30.— AuDnBON, Synopsis, 1839, 141; Birds Am., oct. ed., 

 iv, 1842, 29, pi. 215.— Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1847, 204, part 

 (California).— WooDHOusE, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 

 80 (California).- Newberry, Kep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 86 (San 

 Francisco and Sacramento Valley, California). — Baird, Rep. Pacific E. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 530 (Columbia R. ; Petaluma, San Francisco, Santa Clara, 

 Sacramento Valley, and Cocomongo Ranch, California) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 402.— Heermann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 53 

 (California; desc. nest and eggs). — Kennekly, Rep. Pacific E. R. Surv., x, 

 1859, pt. iv, 1859, 31, part (Cocomongo Ranch, a. California). — Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1862, 313 (San Francisco, California, Nov.).— 

 Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 263. — Bmrd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 33, figs. 4, 8. — American Ornithologist's Union, Check 

 List, 1886, no. 499.— Anthony, Auk, iii, 1886, 167 (Beaverton and Wapita 

 Lake, Washington Co., w. Oregon). — (?)Emerson, Bull. no. 7, Cal. Ac. Sci., 

 1887, 428 (Poway, San Diego Co., California).— (??) Bond, Auk, vi, 1889, 

 341 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, 1 spec, Apr. 14). — Lawrence, (R. H.), Auk, 

 ix, 1892, 45 (Grays Harbor, AVashington ) . — Fisher, North Am. Fauna, no. 7, 

 1893, 75 (s. end Owens Lake, s. California, June 11; Ojai Valley, s. California, 

 Dec; etc. )— Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 455, pi. 6, figs. 16, 

 17 (eggs). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 257. 



Algelaiusi gubernator Ridgway, Myiarchusn, N. Am. Birds, 1887, 370. 



Aglaius guherndior Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 127 (San Jos6 Valley, 

 California); Ibis, 1884, 10, part (monogr. ); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 341, part (San Francisco, California). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1887, 454, part. 



[Agelieus phoeniceus.} Var. gubernator CouBS, Key, N. Am. Birds, 1872, 156. 



Agelsem pliceniceuK . . var. gubernator CoueSj Check List, 1873, no. 212a.— 

 Hensiiaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1876, 249 (Los Angeles, Cali- 

 fornia, June; Fort Tejon, Cal.,- Aug.). 



\_Agelxux phainiceus] c. gubernator Coues, Birds, N.W., 1874, 136, part (synonymy). 



Agelaius phomiceus, var. 'gubernator Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 163, part. 



Agelaius pJwmiceus gubernator'RiBGw ay, Bull. Essex Inst., vi, Oct., 1874, 171 (Sacra- 

 mento, California). 



Agelxiis phimieeus, fi. gubernator [Ridgway] Belding, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ii 

 Myiarchusrch 21, 1879, 420 (Stockton, California, resident; Myiarchusrysville, California, 

 Feb.). 



Aglaiusplumiceus gubernator Ridgway, Proc.U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, Aug. 24, 1880,183; 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 261a.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 317. 



' Ten specimens. 




BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 329 



A[gelieus']p[hceniceus'] gubermdor Coues,KeyIH. Am. Birds, 2ded., 1884, 404, part. 



Idenis gubernator NvTiAhL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U.S. and Can., 2ded.,i, 1840, 187 (Oregon). 



Agelaius gubernator califomicus Nelson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 59 (Stockton, Cali- 

 fornia; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— American Oenithologist's Union Co.mmit- 

 TEB, Auk, xiv, 1897, 128— (??) Cooke, Birds Colorado, 1897, 94 (Cheyenne, 

 Wyoming, 1 spec, Apr. 14, 1889).— Geinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 

 1898, 33 (Bixby and El Monte, Los Angeles Co., California, in winter).— 

 KoBEE, Auk, xvii, 1900, 354 (Cape Disappointment, Washington, breeding, 

 abundant) .—Myiarchusillahd, Condor, iii, 1901, 124 (San Benito Co., California, 

 resident).- (?) Baelow, Condor, iii, 1901, 168 (Sly Park and Lake Tahoe, 

 Sierra Nevada, breeding) .—Ridoav ay, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, 1901, 154 

 (geog. range). 



AGELAIUS GUBERNATOR GRANDIS (Nelson). 

 ATLIXCO RED-WING. 



Similar to A. g. gul>,'rnat(ii\ but wing, tail, bill, and middle toe 

 longer, the bill more slender; adult male with lesser wing-coverts 

 more orange, the middle coverts always (?) more or less buffy or 

 tawny (usually extensi^'ely so, sometimes with black only on tips of 

 innermost coverts); adult female more extensively streaked beneath, 

 the chest (sometimes even breast and upper part of abdomen) streaked, 

 as well as throat. 



Adult male.— Liength (skins), 213.4-237.5(221.2); wing, 130-139.2 

 (136.1); tail, 90.9-105.1 (94.7); culmen, from base, 22.1-25.1 (23.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.1-18.2 (12.2); tarsus, 31.5-33.8 (32.8); middle 

 toe, 22.1-24.1 (23.6).' 



Adult female.— Ijength (skins), 184.2-190.5(188.5); wing, 108-113.5 

 (110.5); tail, 76.5-78.7 (77.2); culmen, from base, 18.8-19.8 (19.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.4-11.9 (11.7); tarsus, 26.9-29 (28.2); middle 

 toe, 19.8-20.6 (20.3).' 



Southeastern portion of Mexican plateau, in States of Puebla 

 (Atlixco, Chietla, Orizaba,^ etc.), Morelos?, Tlaxcala (Laguna del 

 Rosario; Nativitas)?, and Hidalgo (Real del Monte)? 



(?) Agelaus phosniceus (not Orlolus plimniceus Linnaeus) Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., 

 n. s., i, 1827, 436 (Real del Monte and sides of the Cordillera, Hidalgo, 

 Mexico). 



{1) Aglaius phoeniceus Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 135, part (Orizaba, \'era 

 Cruz); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 340, part (in synonomy).— S.m.vin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 453, part (Real del Monte and 

 sides of Corderilla, Hidalgo; Chietla, Puebla; Orizaba, Vera Cruz). 



" Eight specimens. 



* Five specimens. 



'I doubtfully refer Orizaba specimens to this form. The two specimens examined 

 differ from the Atlixco examples in having the lesser wing-coverta bright vermilion 

 red instead of orange-chrome, one of them having the bill decidedly longer and more 

 slender. In this last respect another Puebla skin (exact locality unknown) is even 

 more aberrant, while the lesser wing-coverts are still deeper red. It is possible the 

 birds resident in eastern Puebla may constitute still another form. 




330 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(?) Agelaius phcenwhis Sumicheast, Mem. Boat. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (Orizaba, 



Vera Cruz). 

 (?) Agelaius phoeniceus Ferraei-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 151 (Chietla, 



Puebla). 

 Agelveus guhernator (not Psarocolius gubernator Wagler) Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lond., 1857, 213 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); Cat. 



Am. Birds, 1862, 135, part (Jalapa); Ibis, 1884, 10, part; Cat. Birds, Brit. 



Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 341, part (Jalapa; Orizaba). — Salvin and Godman, Biol, 



Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 454, part (Orizaba; Jalapa; Laguna del Eosario, 



Tlaxcala?). 

 (?) Agelaius gubernator FtiKRARi-'PER'Ez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 152 (Laguna 



del Rosario and Nativitas, Tlaxcala). — Ameeican Ornithologists' Union, 



Check List, 1886, no. 499, part. 

 [Agelieas] gubernator Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr, 1873, 37, part. 

 A Igelaiu^} gubernator Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 370, part. 

 Agelaius phoeniceus, var. gubemaior Baird, Brewer and Eidqway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 163, part. 

 xigelaius phoeniceus grandis Nelson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 57 (Atlexco, Puebla; 



coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 Agelaius gubernator grandis Ridgway, Proc. Wash'. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 154, 



geog. range). 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS PHCENICEUS (Linnaus). 

 RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. 



Adult male in surmner. — Uniform deep black, with a very faint 

 greenish blue gloss in certain lights; lesser wing-coverts bright poppy 

 red or vermilion (varying to scarlet or even, more rarely, to orange- 

 chrome); middle coverts wholly buff or ochraceous-buff (paler at tips, 

 sometimes almost white in midsummer birds); bill, legs, and feet deep 

 black; iris brown. 



Adddt male in winter. — Similar to the summer male but buff of 

 middle wing-coverts deeper (more ochraceous-buff or buffy clay color) 

 and interscapulars and scapulars narrowly margined with rusty. 



Lnmature male}^S\a.c\i; scapulars and interscapulars broadly mar- 

 gined with rusty and light grayish buffy; pileum and hindneck more 

 or less streaked with the same; innermost greater wing-coverts and 

 tertials broadly edged with light rusty or buffy, the remaining remiges 

 (especially secondaries), greater coverts, and rectrices more narrowly 

 edged with whitish or pale buffy; lesser wing-coverts more or less 

 intermixed with black (except in older birds) and middle coverts with 

 more or less of black (mostly black in younger birds), the red of lesser 

 coverts more orange than in adults; black of under parts more or less 

 broken by dull whitish or buffy margins to feathers, and superciliary 



'There is great variation among immature birds, doubtless according to age; but 

 the series examined is not sufficient to enable me to characterize more explicitly the 

 different stages of transition from young to adult. Winter birds in immature plumage 

 have the lighter markings more distinct and more pronouncedly rusty and buffy than 

 spring examples. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 331 



region showing a more of less distinct indication of a buffy or dull 

 whitish stripe. 



Ad/uU female in summer. — ^Above dusky, varied with paler streaks 

 and edgings; pileum with a naore or less distinct median stripe' of 

 pale buffy grayish, the dusky broad lateral stripes usually more or 

 less streaked with brown or rusty; hindneck and sides of neck broadly 

 streaked with pale buffj^ or grayish; scapulars and interscapulars more 

 or less edged on inner webs with pale buffy grayish, on outer webs 

 with rusty; secondaries, innermost primaries, rectrices, and primary 

 coverts narrowly edged with pale gi'ayish or buffy grayish, the upper 

 tail-coverts margined with the same; greater coverts and outermost 

 primaries edged with dull whitish; lesser coverts broadly margined 

 with brownish gva,y or red, or both (often extensively red); middle 

 coverts black, broadly margined terminally with white or pale buffy; 

 a broad superciliary stripe of white, finely streaked with dusky, 

 usually becoming buff' or salmon color anteriorly (over eyes and 

 lores); a broad postocular stripe of dusky; malar region and under 

 parts dull white (the chin, throat, and malar region often buff' or 

 salmon pink), the under parts of the body broadly streaked or striped 

 with dusky (sometimes almost black), these stripes broadest on flanks; 

 under tail-coverts dusky, margined with white or pale buffy; chin and 

 thi'oat sometimes immaculate, but the latter usually marked with 

 small wedge-shaped or triangular streaks of dusky, the sides of the 

 throat margined by a more or less distinct dusky submalar stripe; 

 bill dusky (the mandible usually paler, more or less horn colored); 

 legs and feet dark horn color or dusky. 



Adult female in whiter. — Similar to the summer female, but the 

 lighter markings of upper parts more conspicuous, more pronouncedly 

 buffy and rusty, and the sides of head and under parts more or less 

 tinged with buffy (superciliary stripe sometimes clear buff). 



Young {sexes alike). — Myiarchusch like adult female, but superciliary and 

 malar stripes, chin, and throat yellowish (ocher yellow or buff -yellow), 

 under parts of body with ground color pale buffy or yellowish, with 

 the dusky streaks narrower; edgings to remiges distinctly buffy 

 brown or fulvous. 



Adult mMe.— Length (skins), 205.7-236.2 (216.7); wing, 116.3-125.7 

 (120.9); tail, 88.6-96 (91.7); culmen, from base, 22.4-25.4 (23.6); depth 

 of bill at base, 12.2-13.5 (12.7); tarsus, 29.2-32.8 (30.2); middle toe, 

 20.6-22.6 (21.6).' 



Adult frniale.— Length (skins), 172.7-189.2 (177.5); wing, 95.3-101.6 

 (98.3); tail, 70.1-77.5 (74.2); culmen, from base, 17.3-20.3(19.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.7-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 25.4^26.4 (25.9); middle toe, 

 17.3-19.1. (18.3).= 



'Except in much-worn midsummer specimens. 

 " Fourteen specimens. 

 'Ten specimens. 




382 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces, except 

 Florida and Gulf coast; west to eastern base of Rocky Mountains; 

 north to Nova Scotia, Province of Quebec, Ontario, Myiarchusnitoba, etc. 



[OioZus] phoeniceus Linnjsus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 161 (based on Sturnmniger, 

 aUa mpeme rubeniis, Oatesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, p. 13, pi. 13). — Gmelin, 

 Syst. Nat, i, pt. i, 1788, 386.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 178. 



Agelmus phoeniceus (not of Swainson, 1827) Swainson, Fauna Bor. Am., ii, 1831, 

 280. — Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 29. — Audubon, Synopsis, 

 1839, 141; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 31, part, pi. 216.— Baird, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 526, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 401, part.— Cas- 

 siN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 10, part (monogr. ). — Baird, Brewer, 

 and RIDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 159, part, pi. 33, figs. 1, 2, 3.— 

 Gentry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 97 (habits). — Henshaw, Rep. Orn. 

 Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 82 (Fort Garland, Colorado, breeding).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 498, part. — Cooke, 

 Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 163, chiefly (includes A.p.fortist; dates, etc.). — 

 RIDGWAY, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 313. — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 

 1891, 572 (localities in Myiarchusnitoba, etc. ; habits; notes). — Bendirb, Life Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 449, part, pi. 6, figs. 13, 14, 15 (eggs). — Nehrling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 252, pi. 29, fig. 4. 



A\_gelaiu8\ phoeniceus Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, 1858, 263 (Pennsylvania, 

 upper Myiarchusssouri R., etc.). 



Algelaius] phceniceua Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 369, part. 



A[(ielaeus\ phoeniceus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 188 (South Carolina). 



[^Agelaius] phaeniceus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 430. 



Ageisms phoeniceus (not of Sclater, 1857) Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 135, part 

 (e. United States); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 340, part Nova Scotia; 

 Canada; District Columbia; Illinois). — Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 212, 

 part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 316, part.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 

 175 (descr. young). — Myiarchusynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 134, part. — Mereiam, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 236 ( Point de Monts, prov. Quebec, 1 spec, 

 Myiarchusy 22, 1882). — Bicknell, Auk, ii, 1885, 249 (song).— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 453, part (in synonymy). 



[Agelmtsl phoeniceus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 156, part. 



Agmlxus phoeniceus Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 64 

 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy, June). 



[Agelaius phcmdceus'] var. phoeniceus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 159, part. 



A[gelseus'\ phoeniceus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 404, part. 



[Ageisms phoeniceus] a. phoeniceus Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 146, part (synonymy). 



Agelaevs phoeniceus Hbnshaw, Zool. Exp. 100th Merid., 1875, 313, part (Colorado). 



Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., Apr. 15, 1901, 153, 

 in text, 154 (geog. range). 



Iderus phoeniceus T'EMUYscx., Cat. Syst., 1807, 47. 



I[cterus'] phoeniceus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. , 1823, 19. 



Iclerus phoeniceus Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 31, in text; 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 52.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832 

 169.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 348, pi. 67; v, 1839, 487. 



Iclerus phoniceus Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 5, in text. 



Pslarocoliusl phoeniceus Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 10. 



Siurnus prsedatorius Wilson, Am. Orn., iv, 1811, 30, pi. 30, fig. 1. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 333 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS P'LORIDANUS Myiarchusynard. 

 FLORIDA RED-WING. 



Similar to A, p. phoeniceus, but decidedly smaller, and with bill 

 longer and more slender (both relatively and absolutely); adult male 

 with color 'of middle wing-coverts rather deeper, at least in winter; 

 adult female not constantly different in coloration from that of A. p. 

 phmniceiis, but chin and throat perhaps more often pinkish buff or 

 salmon color, and this color when present rather deeper and often 

 -extended backward over chest. 



Adult mafo.— Length (skins), 195.6-218.4 (209.3); wing, 109.2- 

 114.8 (112.5); tail, 84.8-90.2 (87.9); culmen, from base, 22.9-26.7 

 (24.6); depth of bill at base, 10.9-11.9 (11.4); tarsus, 26.7-30 (28.5); 

 middle toe, 18.8-22.1 (20.3).^ 



Adult fernafe. ^Length (skins), 170.2-185.4 (178.3); wing, 88.9-95.8 

 (92.7); tail, 67.1-74.9 (70.4); culmen, from base, 19.6-21.6 (20.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.7-10.4 (9.9); tarsus, 24.4-29.5 (26.2); middle 

 toe, 16.8-19.3.' 



Peninsula of Florida (except southeastern coast and keys?), and 

 along Gulf coast to Galveston, northeastern Texas (breeding).'* 



Ageisms phoeniceus (not Oriohts phmiiceus Linnaeus) Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. 

 Zool., ii, 1871, 284, part (Florida; crit.).— Coues, Key, 1872, 156, part; 2d 

 ed., 1884, 404, part; Check List, 1873, no. 212, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 316, 

 part. — Meeeiam, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 87 (Okahumkee, Florida). — Ridgw.w, 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 261, part.— Myiarchusynaed, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 

 134, part. 



Agelaius phcmiceus Cassin, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 10, part (monogr.). — 

 A.MERicAN Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 498, part. — Coombs, 

 Auk, ix, 1892, 205 (Bayou Teche, St. Myiarchusrys Parish, Louisiana, breeding). — 

 Wayne, Auk, xii, 189.5, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding). — Beybe, 

 Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 106 (Louisiana, breeding). 



Agelaius phosniceiis bryanti (not of Ridgway) Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 320, part (Tar- 

 pon Springs and Punta Rassa, Florida). — American Ornithologists' Union 

 Committee, Suppl. to Check List, 1889, 12; Check List, abridged ed., 1889, no. 

 4986, part; 2d ed., 1895, no. 4986, part (coast Louisiana; Florida, part). — 

 Bbndiee, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 453, part (coast Louisiana; Florida, 

 part). 



Agelaius phoenicem floridarms Myiarchusynard, Birds Eastern N. Am., 2d ed., pt. 40 

 [1896], 689. — American Ornithologists' Union Committee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 

 121, no. 498c.— Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, 1901, 154 (geog. range). 



' Ten specimens. 



'' Although slightly different in average proportions from Florida examples, breed- 

 ing birds from the coast of Louisiana (Averys Island) and Texas (Galveston) are so 

 very close to them that I refer them to A. p. floridanus with little hesitation. The 

 females examined agree minutely in coloration with those from Florida, as do also 




334 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS BRYANTI Ridgway. 

 BAHAUA RED-WING. 



Similar to A. p. floridanus, but bill still longer; adult female much 

 paler, with under parts more purely white, the dusky streaks much nar- 

 rower, and dusky gray or brownish gray instead of nearly black; pileum 

 brown, narrowly streaked with dusky (instead of the reverse), and 

 lighter streaks on hindneck, back, and scapulars much broader and 

 more conspicuous, the darker markings of the same portions less 

 black, the rump and upper tail-coverts more grayish. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 193-214.6 (205.2); wing, 112.3-120.7 

 (114.3); tail, 83.8-88.1 (86.1); culmen, from base, 25.7-26.2 (25.9); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.4^12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 27.9-30.2 (29.2); middle 

 toe, 19.1-19.8 (19.6).^ 



Adidt female.— Ijength. (skins), 165.1-182.9 (173.2); wing, 89.9-95.8 

 (92.5): tail, 64.8-71.6 (68.6); culmen, from base, 18.5-20.3 (19.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.4 (10.2); tarsus; 24.4-26.4 (24.9); middle 

 toe, 16.5-18 (17.3).^ 



Bahamas (New Providence; Abaco; Andx-os; Berry Islands; Bimini; 



the males from Louisiana (I have not seen males from Texas), the only apparent 

 difference being the slightly shorter and thicker bills of the birds from Louisiana 

 and Texas, in which respect they are intermediate heiyie&n floridanus and phwniceus, 

 though nearer the former, as they also are in other measurements. 

 Average measurements are as follows: 



Locality, 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Culmen, 

 from 

 base. 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



Tarsus. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Ten adult males of A.p. floridanus (from Florida) . 

 Fouradultmalesfromcoastof Louisiana (Averys 



Island and Timbaline Island) 



Ten adult males oiA.p. phanicens 



FEMALES. 



Ten adultfemalesofyl. p. ,/iorida?iMS (from Florida) . 

 Two adult females from coast of Louisiana (Averys 



Island ) 



Two adult females from Galveston, Texas 



Ten adult females of A.p.plmniceus 



112.5 



113.3 

 119.6 



96.5 

 96.8 



87.9 



86.6 

 91.7 



70.4 



73.9 

 72.1 

 74.2 



24.6 



23.9 

 23.4 



20.3 



21.1 

 21.3 

 19.3 



12.2 

 12.7 



11.2 

 11.2 

 10.9 



28.6 

 30.7 



26.2 



26.4 

 27.7 

 25.9 



20. f 

 21.3 



17.8 



17.8 



17 



18.3 



So far as the females from Louisiana and Galveston are concerned (those examined 

 are all breeding birds) , it may be observed that in size they are intermediate between 

 phoeniceus axA floridanus; but there being only two specimens from each place it may 

 reasonably be expected that measurements of a larger series would show different 

 results. 



' Five specimens. 




BIKDS OP NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMEKIOA. 835 



Great Bahama; Cay Sal), and adjacent coast of Florida (Lake "Worth; 

 Myiarchusami; Cocoanut Grove), including Florida Keys to Key West.' 



(?) AgeloMS phoeniceus (not Oriolus phoeniceus Linnaeus) Cabanis, Journ fiir 

 Orn., 1856,11 (Cuba). 



Ageisms phcmweus Coby, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 98. 



[Agelxas] phoeniceus Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 



Agelaius phoeniceus Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 119 (New Provi- 

 dence, Bai-iamas).— CoEY, Auk, iii, 1886, 221; Birds W. I., 1889, 108 (Baha- 

 mas; Cuba?). 



Algelaius'] phoeniceus bryanti Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 370 (Bahamas- 

 coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Agelaius phoe^iiceus bryanti Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 592; 2d ed., 1896 

 613; Auk, viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco, Bahamas); Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, 1901^ 

 154 (geog. range).— American Ornithologists' Union Committee, Suppl. to 

 Check List, 1889, 12, part; Check List, abridged ed., 1889, no. 498?-, part 

 (Bahamas; s. Florida, part); 2d ed., 1895, no. 4986, part (do.).— Northrop, 

 Auk, viii, 1891, 71 (Andros I., Bahamas; habits).— Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 

 295 (Berry Islands, Bahamas), 296 (Bimini, Bahamas), 350 (Great Bahama 

 and Abaco, Bahamas), 352 (Cay Sal, Bahamas); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 

 110, 146 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry Islands, New Providence, 

 Andros, and Cay Sal islands, Bahamas; Florida Keys).— Bendiee, Life Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 453, part (Bahamas; s. Florida, part). 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS RICHMOND! Nelson. 

 VEKA CRTJZ RED-WING. 



Similar to A. p. fioridaniis, but slightly smaller; adult female much 

 lighter colored, or about intermediate in coloration between those of 

 A. p. floridanus and A. p. iryanti.^ 



Adult male.— Length, (skins), 186.7-215.9 (197.9); wing, 102.6-120.1 

 (112); tail, 72.1-93.5 (82.8); culmen, from base, 20.8-26.7 (23.1); 

 depthof billatbase, 10.4r-12.7 (11.4); tarsus, 25.9-31.2 (27.9); mid- 

 dle toe, 18.8-22.4(20.1).' 



^(^M^!!/mafe.—Length(skins), 157.5-185.4(171.2); wing, 87.6-97.6 

 (91.9); tail-, 63-77.5 (68.3); culmen, from base, 18.5-21.1 (19.6); depth 

 of bill at base, 8.9-10.7 (9.9); tarsus, 24.6-26.4 (25.7); middle toe, 

 16.8-19.1 (18).* 



Coast district and lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas (north 



' I refer three females from southeastern Florida (Lake Worth, Myiarchusami, and Key 

 West) to this form with some doubt. They differ from the two Bahaman examples 

 in having the under parts much less purely white. I am inclined to think, however, 

 that these are individual differences which would disappear in a large series of 

 specimens. 



''The adult female of ^. p. richmondi is precisely similar in coloration to that of A. 

 p. sonoriensis, but is much smaller. 



'Thirty-eight specimens. 

 Fourteen specimens. 



Specimens from southern Texas, Tamaulipas ( Alta Myiarchusra), and Nuevo Leon are larger 

 than those from farther southward, and have shorter and thicker bills, but the females 




336 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



to Velasco ' ) and southward over the coast plain of Tamaulipas (Myiarchusta- 

 moras, Alta Myiarchusra, etc.), Nuevo Leon (Monterey), and Vera Cruz 

 (Tlalcotalpam, Guiterrez, Zamara, etc;.), to Yucatan (including island 

 of Cozumel), British Honduras (Belize), and eastern Guatemala (Lake 

 Peten, Dueiias?, Coban?); in winter, south to eastern Nicaragua (San 

 Carlos) and Costa Rica (Rio Frio). 



Agelveus phoeniceus (not Oriolus phoeniceus Linnaeus) Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1859, 58 (Belize, British Honduras; Peten, e. Guatemala). — (?) Scla- 

 TEB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 205 (Tlalcotalpam, Vera Cruz), (?) 1859, 

 381 (Oaxaca); Ibis, 1884, 10, part; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 340, part 

 (n. Yucatan; Cozumel I.; Belize; Lake Peten, Guatemala; Duenas, Guate- 

 mala?; Bebedero, w. Costa Rica?) . — (?) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 19 

 (Dueiias, Guatemala). — (7) Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 303 (Costa 

 Eica).— Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 24 

 (Lower Eio Grande, Texas; descr. nest and eggs); v, 1879, 397 (lower Rio 

 Grande).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 133 (Fort Brown, Texas, 

 breeding).— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 166 (s. e. Texas, 

 breeding).— (?) Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 392 (LaPalma, w. 

 Costa Rica). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 446 (n. Yucatan).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 453 (Tlalcotalpam, Vera 

 Cruz; Oaxaca?; n. Yucatan; Cozumel; Belize; Peten, Coban?, and Duenas?, 

 Guatemala; La Palma, Bebedero, and Nicoya, w. Costa Rica?). 



(?) Agela'ux 2)hrieniceu8 Boucard, Liste Ois. Guatemala, 1878, 36, part. 



Agdaius phwniceus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 10, part (Yucatan; 

 crit.). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (Bebedero and Nicoya, w. 

 Costa Rica). — Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10. — Hancock, Bull. 

 Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 18 (Corpus Christi,' Texas).— Stone, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890,208 (Progreso, Yucatan). — Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat 

 Sci. Phila., 1892, 108 (Nueces Bay, Texas, breeding). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 496 (Rio Frio, e. Costa Rica; San Carlos, Nicaragua).— 

 Singley, Rep. Geol. Surv. Texas, 1894, 371 (Corpus Christi and Hidalgo, 

 breeding). — Carroll, Auk, xvii, 1900, 344 (Refugio Co., Texas breeding). 



do not differ materially, if at all, in coloration. Average measurements are as 

 follows: 



'All specimens seen by me from Velasco and southward are of this forin. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



337 



[Agelieus] ph<riiin'ii.<< Sclater and Salvin, Norn. A v. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. 

 Agelaias phcaikritu bryanti (not of Ridgway) American Ornithologists' Union 



Committee, Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 4986, part (Yucatan; Nicaragua).— 



Bendike, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 453, part (Yucatan; Nicaragua). 

 Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis (not of Ridgway) Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1895, 453, part (lower Rio Grande Valley). 

 Agelams phomiceus richmondi Nelson, Auk, xiv, Jan. 1897, 58 (Tlalcotalpam,Vera 



Cruz, s. e. Mexico; coll. U. S. .Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., 



iii, 1901, 154 (geog. range) . 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS SONORIENSIS Ridgway. 

 SONORAN RED-WING. 



Similar in coloration to A. jp. richmondi^ but much larger. 



Adiilt 7?ia^e.— Length (skins), 207-237.5 (221); wing, 121.9-129.3 

 (126.5); tail, 86.9-101.1 (93.5); culmen, from base, 22.6-25.4 (23.9); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.4-13.2 (12.4); tarsus, 29-31.8 (30.5); middle 

 toe, 21.1-22.9 (21.8).' 



Adult female.— \je.\igt\x (skins), 172.7-199.7(183.6); wing, 98.6-105.4 

 (98.8); culmen, from base, 17.8-21.3 (19.8); depth of bill at base, 9.4^ 

 10.9 (9.9); tarsus, 25.4-27.9 (26.7); middle toe, 17.8-20.3 (19.1).' 



Lower Colorado Valley, in California and Arizona, southern Ari- 

 zona in general, and southward over the coast plain of Sonora and 

 Sinaloa to Territory of Tepic;^ Cape St. Lucas, Lower California?.* 



' Thirteen specimens. 



' Twenty-four specimens. 



"Specimens from Tepic are larger than those from Sinaloa, and may not really 

 be referable to this form, the matter being rendered the more doubtful because 

 all the Tepic examples are males. Possibly the thick-billed large subarctic form 

 {A. p. fortis) may extend farther southward upon the high mountain meadows than 

 it has yet been traced, even to that portion of the Sierra Myiarchusdre immediately north 

 of the Valley of the Rio Grande de Santiago, and there intergrade with the coast 

 form {A. p. sonoriensis) . Should this hypothesis prove correct, then these large Tepic 

 specimens would be intergrades. Some of these Tepic specimens are large enough to 

 be referable to A. p. fortis, but their bills are too long, and on the whole they come 

 decidedly nearer to A. p. sonoriensis. 



Comparative average measurements of the two series and of A. p. fortis are as follows: 



*The only specimen from the Cape district of Lower California that I have seen is 

 a female, and seems to be referable to this form. It is without date, and in rather 

 poor condition. 



3654— VOL 2—01 22 




338 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Agelaius phoeniceus (not Oriolm phoenweus LinnaeusJ Woodhoose, Rep. Sitgreaves' 

 Expl. Zuni and Col. K., 1853, 80.— Baird, Bep. Pacific K. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 

 526, part (Espia, Sonora) ; Ca:t. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 401, part; Rep. U. S. and 

 Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 18 (Saltillo, Nuevo Leon; Espia, Sonera).— 

 (?) Kennerly, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 30, part (New Mex- 

 ico).— Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,1866, 90 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); 

 Check List, 1873, no. 212, part.— Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,1866, 10, 

 part (monogr.). — Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 261, part (lower Colorado Val- 

 ley). — Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soo. N. H., ii, 1874,281 (Myiarchuszatlan).— Baied, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 159, part. — Ridgway, 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 261, part.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vii, 1882, 200 (Tucson, Arizona, June). — Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 vi, 1883, 350 (La Paz, Lower California, winter). — Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 10, 

 part (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 340, part (in synonymy).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 498, part. — Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 453, part (Myiarchuszatlan). 



[Agelaius] phaniceus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 156, part. 



Agelseus phoeniceus Coues, Check List, 2d ed. , 1882, no. 316, part. 



Algelseus} phoeniceus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 404, part. 



Agelaius gubernator (not Psarocolius gubernator Wagler) Baied, Bep. TJ. S. and 

 Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 18 (Colorado R., California). — Kennerly, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv.,x, pt. iv, 1859, 31, part (Bill Williams' Fork and 

 Colorado B., Arizona; Mojave R., California). — Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., ii, 1874, 281 (Myiarchuszatlan; Tepic).— (?) Scott, Auk, iv, 1887, 22 (Pinal 

 Co., Arizona; common resident). 



Agelaius phoeniceus longirostris (not Agelaius longirostris Salvadori') Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 370. — American Ornithologists' Union 

 Committee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 128 (Check List, no. 498a). — Price, Bull. Cooper 

 Orn. Club, i, 1899, 92 (Yuma, Arizona, winter). 



Algelaiu^] phoeniceus sonoriemis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887,370 (Myiarchuszat- 

 lan, w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 592; Proe. 

 Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, 1901, 154 (geog. range). — American Ornithologists' 

 Union, Suppl. to Check List, 1889, 11; Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 498a.— 

 Bhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,1892, 120 (Santa Clara Valley, s. Ari- 

 zona). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895,453, part. — Nelson, Auk, 

 xvii, 1900, 125 (crit.).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., v, 1893, 37 (San 

 Diego, n. w. Chihuahua; Pachico, n. e. Sonora). 



(?) Agelaius Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 301, 304 (CapeSt. Lucas). 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS FORTIS Ridgway. 

 NORTHERN RED-WING. 



Similar to A. p. phoeniceus^ but decidedly larger* and with the bill 

 usually relatively much shorter and thicker; adult male and female 

 in winter plumage, and immature male, similar in coloration to the 

 same of A. p. sonorie>isl,'<; differing from the latter in larger size and 

 conspicuously shorter and thicker bill. 



'Agelaius longirostris (not of Vieillot, 1819) Salvadori, Atti del Eeale Accad. Scienz. 

 Torino, ix, Apr., 1874, 632 (western Mexico; coll. Count Turati). (See Nelson, Auk, 

 xvii, 1900, 125. ) 



'Decidedly the largest of all the forms of A. phoeniceus. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 339 



J.c^Zz!m«/t.~Length (skins), 212.1-241.3 (223.1); wing, 123.5-132.3 

 (126); tail, 88.5-105.1: (98); culmen, from base, 19.8-26.5 (23.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 12.7-16 (13.5); tarsus, 29-31.5 (29.8); middle toe, 

 20.1-23.5(22.4).^ 



AduU female.—Length (skins), 172.7-195 (186.2); wing, 101.6-109.2- 

 (105.5); tail, 71.1-83.1 (78.1); culmen, from base, 17-21.2 (19.1); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.9-12.7 (11.8); tarsus, 24.6-28.3 (26.5); middle toe, 

 18.3-20.6(19.1).' 



Breeding range, Myiarchusckenzie River, Athabasca, and other interior 

 districts of British America. During migrations, the Great Plains, 

 from eastern base of Eocky Mountains to Myiarchusnitoba (Red River Set- 

 tlement), Myiarchusnnesota (Fort Snelling, Myiarchusy 11), Nebraska (Omaha, 

 Myiarchusrch 9), Iowa (Burlington, October), Indian Territory (Beaver Creek, 

 November), western Illinois (Henderson County, Morgan County, 

 Myiarchusrch), northern Kentucky (Myiarchusson County, December), and south- 

 ward through more southern Rocky Mountains to Arizona (Fort Verde, 

 December, February; Big Chino Valley, Myiarchusrch), and western Texas 

 (El Paso, February). 



Agelaius phcmiceua (not Oriolus phoeniceus Liimajus) Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 526, part (Red River Settlement, Myiarchusnitoba'); Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 401, part. 



Ageliem tricolor (not Icterus tricolor Audubon) Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 81 (Myiarchusc- 

 kenzie R., British America). 



Agelams gubernator (not Psarocoliua gubernaior Wagler) Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 81 

 (Myiarchusclienzie R. ). 



Agelaius phcmiceusfortis Ridgway, Proc. Wasli. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901,153 

 (Omaha, Nebraska; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.), 154 (geogr. range). 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS NEUTRALIS Ridgway. 

 SAN DIEGO RED-WING. 



Similar to A. p. sonoriensis, but smaller, the adult female darker, 

 with streaks less strongly contrasted above, those on lower parts rather 

 broader and grayer, the upper parts with little if any rusty, even in 

 winter plumage. 



Adult male.—'Length (skins), 199.4-228.6 (213.1); wing, 116.8-127 

 (122.9); tail, 85.1-97.8 (90.7); culmen, from base, 21.6-24.9 (23.1); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.9-13.2 (12.2); tarsus, 28.7-31 (30.2); middle 

 toe, 20.6-23.4 (21.6).^ 



AduUfemale.—Length (skins), 167.6-193 (181.9); wing, 96.5-104.1 

 (101.3); tail, 67.1-78.2 (72.4); culmen, from base, 18.5-21.1 (19.6); 

 depth of bill at base, 10.4-11.4 (10.9); tarsus, 25.4-27.9 (26.9); middle 

 toe, 16.8-20.6 (19.1).' 



' Twenty-three specimens. 



' Seventeen specimens. 



' See next to last paragraph on p. 527 of work cited. 



* Thirty-two specimens. 



* Twenty-seven specimens. 




340 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Southern California' (to the Pacific coast in San Diego and Los Angeles 

 counties), northern Lower California, Great Basin district, and south- 

 ern poi-tion of Rocky Mountain plateau; north to eastern British 

 Columbia (Vernon, etc.); breeding southward to northern Chihuahua 

 (Pacheco), New Mexico, and western Texas (Ysleta, 30 miles east of 

 El Paso; Langtr}', Valverde County, etc.); in winter, south to southern 

 Texas (Brownsville, etc.). 



Agelaius phoeniceus (not Oriolvs phamiceus Linn^us) Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 526, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 401, part.— Kennerly, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 30 (s. California).— (?) Xantus, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 192 (Fort Tejon, California).- (?) Cooper and 

 SucKLEY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 207 (Oregon and Wasliing- 

 ton). — Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 10, part (monogr.).— Cooper, 

 Orn. Cal., 1870, 261, part. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 159, part. — (?) Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 

 1873 (1874), 121 (Apache, Arizona, Aug.).— Bendike, Proc. Bost. Soc.N.H., 

 1877, 122 (Camp Harney, e. Oregon, breeding). — American Ornithologists' 

 Union, Check List, 1886, no. 498, part.— Morco.m, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 

 1887, 47 (Coahuila and San Bernardino valleys, s. California; breeding).— 

 Fannin, Check List Birds Brit. Col., 1891, 33, part (e. side of Cascade Mts.).— 

 Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 47, part ( Vernon, e. British Colum- 

 bia). — Grinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 33 (Los Angeles Co., Cali- 

 fornia; resident). 



Aglaius phomiceiis Henshaw, Ann. Rep. Wheeler's Surv., 1877, 1309 (Carson, 

 Nevada); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 313, part (Utah).— Coues, Check 

 List, 1873, no. 212, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 316, part— (?) Sclater, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 340, part. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Ceutr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1887, 453, part (in synonymy). 



' Specimens from southern California and northern Lower California seem to be 

 somewhat different from Great Basin examples, but 1 do not venture to separate 

 them, the series of specimens being scarcely satisfactory. In adult males of this form 

 many specimens show more or less black tipping to the middle wing-coverts, this 

 being observable in some specimens from the' interior (Nevada) as well as in some of 

 those from the coast (San Diego County, etc. ) . Average measurements are as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 341 



[Agelieus phoeniceus} a. phcenicem Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877,503 (locali- 

 ties in Nevada and Utah; measurements, etc. )■ 

 lAgelsma] phomiceus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 156, part. 



[Agelseus phcmiceus} a. phamicem Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 186, part fin syn- 

 onymy). > f \ I'j" 



Algelxus'] phcmiceus B.EmnA.^Y, Orn. Rep. Wheeler's Exp., 1879, 302 (foot of e. 



slope Sierra Nevada, summer resid.; Carson, Nevada, in winter).— Codes 



Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 402, part. ' 



A[gelaius'] phoeniceus . . . var. gubernator Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst vii Jan 



1875, 37 (Nevada). 

 Agelaiua gubernator BEtsomE, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1877, 122 (Camp Harney, e. 



Oregon, breeding; descr. eggs). 

 [Ageisms phoeniceus] fd. gubernator Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 504, 505, 



part (Carson City and Truckee Reservation, Nevada). 

 Agelams gubernator {not PsarocoUus gubernator Wagler) Sclateh, Cat. Birds Brit 



Myiarchuss.,xi, 1886, 341, part (Reno, Nevada). 

 Ageisms phoeniceus . . . var. gubernator Henshaw, Ann. Rep. Wheeler's Surv., 



1876,249 (Los Angeles, California, June; Fort Tejon, California, Aug.). 

 Agcelaius phoeniceus var. gubernator Henshaw, Ann. Rep. Wheeler's Surv., 1877 



1305 (e. side Sierra Nevada). 

 A[gelseus] phoeniceus gubernator T:iE-!^s-B.A.yf, Orn. Rep. Wheeler's Surv., 1879, 302 



(Camp Harney, e. Oregon; Reno, etc., Nevada; crit.). 

 Aglaius phoeniceus gubernator Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 165 (Fort 



Klamath, e. Oregon, breeding).— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 128 



(Walla Walla, Washington). 

 (?) Agelaius phoeniceus longirostris (not A. Imgirostris Salvadori) Geinnell, 



Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Soi., 1898, 33 (near Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Cal- 

 ifornia, Myiarchusrch, Nov.). 

 Agelaius phomiceus 7ieutralis'RjBGw jly. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 



153 (Jacumba, San Diego Co., California; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.), 154 (geog. 



range). 



AGELAIUS PHCENICEUS CAURINUS Ridgway. 

 NORTHWESTERN. RED-WING. 



Similar to A. p. phoeniceus but wing and bill longer, the latter more 

 slender; adult male with buff of middle wing-coverts deeper (deep 

 ochraceous-buff or ochraceous in winter plumage); adult female rather 

 more heavily streaked with blacis: below and, in winter plumage, with 

 upper parts much more conspicuously marked with rusty. 



Adult Tnale.—h&ngth {skins), 218.4-231.1 (222.8); wing, 116.1-129.5 

 (123.2); tail, 86.1-97.3 (91.7); culmen, from base, 22.9-25.7(24.4); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.4^12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 28.2-31 (29.5); middle 

 toe, 21.3-22.4 (21.8).' 



Adult female.— L&ngth. (skins) 172.7-198.1 (189); wing, 97.8-107.2 

 (103.1); tail, 71.1-83.1 (77.5); culmen, from base, 19.6-21.8 (20.8); 

 tarsus, 25.4r-27.9 (26.9); middle toe, 18.3-19.8 (19.1).' 



Northwest coast district, from British Columbia (Vancouver Island 

 and coast of mainland) south through western Washington and Oregon 

 to northern California (Mendocino County, Myiarchusy 20). 



^Nine specimens. 




342 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Agelaius phcaiiceus (not Oriolus phceniceiis Linnaeus) Baikd, Rep. Pacific E. E. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 526, part (Fort Steilacoom, Washington) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 401, part.— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 261, part.— Fannin, Checklist 

 Birds Brit. Columbia, 1891, 33, part (w. side Cascades; Vancouver I., breed- 

 ing). — Bhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 47, part (Victoria and Lulu 

 Island, British Columbia; Washington). — Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 106 (s, 

 British Columbia; crit.). — Kobbe, Auk, xvii, 1900, 354 (Cape Disappoint- 

 ment, Washington, breeding). 



Algelaius] phomiceus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 369, part. 



Agelaius phomiceus sonoriensis (not of Eidgvi^ay ) Brewster, Auk, x, 1893, 237 (Chil- 

 li wack, British Columbia, Jan. to Myiarchusr.; crit.). 



Agelaius phamicea-i caurinus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 



153 (Cedar Hill, Vancouver Island, British Columbia; coll. U. S Nat. Myiarchuss.), 



154 (geog. range). 



The following references to forms of Agelcmis phoeniceus I have not 

 been able to satisfactorily allocate: 



Agelseus phccinceiis Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 135, part (Orizaba, VeraCruz; 

 Guatemala).— Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 90 (Fort Whipple, 

 Arizona, resident). — Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 420 (Stockton 

 and Myiarchusrysville, Calfornia, Feb. to Apr.). — Ogilby, Sci. Proc. Roy. DubUn 

 Soc, iii, 1882 (43), (Navarro Co., Texas, resident; habits). 



^(/etomsp/iosniceus Ferrari- Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 151 (Chietla, 

 Puebla).— TowNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 213 (Red Bluff and n. 

 of Mount Shasta, California). — Beckham, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 670 

 (San Antonio, Texas, winter). — Attwatee, Auk, ix, 1892, 237 (San Antonio, 

 Texas, breeding). — Myiarchustchell, Auk, xv, 1898, 309 (San Myiarchusguel Co., New 

 Mexico, breeding up to 9,000 ft.). — Merriam, North Am. Fauna, no. 16, 

 1899, 122 (Shasta Valley, n. California). 



Aguelaius gubemator (not Psarocolius gubernator Wagler) Kennerly, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., iv, pt. vi, 1857, 11 (Pueblo Creek, New Mexico). 



Agelaius phomidus (?) Sumicheast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869,553 (Orizaba, 

 VeraCruz; migratory?). 



AGELAIUS ASSIMILIS Gundlach. 

 CUBAN RED-WDTG. 



Adult male. — Similar to adult male of A. phoeniceiis floridan-us or 

 A. p. hryanti, but smaller, with shorter and thicker bill; length (skin, 

 one specimen), 198.1; wing, 107.2-109.2 (108.2); tail, 81.8-83.3(82.6); 

 culmen, from base, 23.4-24.9 (24.1); depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.4 

 (11.9); tarsus, 26.7-27.9 (27.2); middle toe, 21.1 (21.3).' 



Adiilt female. — Entirely uniform black, includinglesser wing-coverts; 

 length (skins), 172.7-182.9 (177.8); wing, 91.7-95.3 (93); tail, 68.1-74.9 

 (71.9); culmen, from base, 21.1-21.6 (21.3); depth of bill at base, 11.4- 

 11.7 (11.4); tarsus, 25.4-26.7 (25.9); middle toe, 17.3-20.3 (18.5).'' 



Island of Cuba (including Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles. 



Agelaius assimUes " Gundlach, MSS." Lembeye, Aves de la Islade Cuba, 1850, 64 

 (Cuba). 



' Two specimens. '■' Three specimens. 




BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 343 



Agelaius (usimilis Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, pi. 9, fig. 3.— Gdnd- 



LACH, Journ. fiir Orn., iv., 1856, 12; 1861, 332, 413; 1862, 189; 1874, 131; 



Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866,288; Boston Journ. N. H., vi, 1857, 316.— 



Bkbwer, Proc. Bost. Soc.N. H., vii, 1860, 307.— Cassin, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. 



Phila., 1866, 10 (monogr. )— Cory, Auk, ill, 1886, 221; Birds W. I., 1889, 108; 



Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 14, 110, 129, 146 (Cuba; Isle of Pines). 

 [Agelseus'] assimilis Cory, List Birds "W. I., 1885, 14. 

 Algelaiits'] asmrdlis Ridqway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 371. 

 Ageisms assimilis Sclatbr, Ibis, 1884, 10 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 



1886, 341. 

 [Agelaius phcmiceus] var. assimilis Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 159. 

 [Agelseus phoeniceus'] b. ussimilix Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 186 (synonymy.) 



AGELAIUS HUMERALIS (Vigors). 

 TAWNT-SHOTTLDERED BLACKBIRD. 



A(h,lt male. — Uniform glossy black, with a faint bluish green reflec- 

 tion in certain lights; lesser wing-coverts uniform cinnamon-rufous or 

 tawny, the middle coverts similar but paler, especially at tips; bill, legs, 

 and feet black; iris brown; length (skins), 167.6-188 (176.6); wing, 

 99.6-107.2(103.4); tail, 74.2-83.8 (78.7); culmen, from base, 17.8-19.1 

 (18.3); depth of bill at base, 9.1-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 23.6-25.4 (24.4); 

 middle toe, 17.8-19.3 (18.5).' 



Adult female. — Similar to adult male but smaller and with the cin- 

 namon-rufous or tawny wing-patch more restricted, at least the middle 

 coverts being partly black (sometimes wholly so); length (skins), 

 160-177.8 (167.4); wing, 92.7-96.5 (94.7); tail, 69.1-74.9 (72.9); culmen, 

 from base, 16.5-17.3 (17); depth of bill at base, 8.9-10.2 (9.4); tarsus, 

 22.6-24.1 (23.4); middle toe, 16.5-17.8 (17).' 



Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. 



Leistes humeralis Vigors, Zool. Journ., iii, Nov., 1827, 442 (near Havana, Cuba). 

 Icterus humeralis D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 91, pi. 20. 

 Agelaius humeralis Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 130; Repert. Fisico-Nat. 



Cuba, i, 1866, 288.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 11 (monogr.).— 



Pelzeln, Ibis, 1873, 28 (crit.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 220; Birds W. I., 1889, 



107; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 14, 110, 129.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. 



Hist., iv, 1892, 303 (habits). 

 Agelaeus humeralis Gdndlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 13; 1861, 332. 

 Agelseus humeralis Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 136; Ibis, 1884, 11 (monogr.); 



Cat Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 342 (San Cristobal, Cuba). 

 [Agelaius'] /mmcrafe Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 430 ("Antilles"). — Gray, 



Hand-list, ii, 1870, 33, no. 6473. 

 [Agelseus] humeralis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37. — Cory, List 



Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 

 A[gelaius] humeralis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 371. 



^ Seven specimens. 




344 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



AGELAIUS XANTHOMUS (Sclater). 

 YELLOW-SHOTJLDERED BLACKBIRD, 



AdAJilt male. — Uniform glossy black, with a faint bluish green reflec- 

 tion; lesser and ni'ddle wing-coverts clear lemon yellow, the latter 

 sometimes slightly paler (rarely inclining to white at tips); bill, legs, 

 and feet black; iris brown; length' (skin, one specimen), 198.1; wing, 

 107.2-108; tail, 83.8-86.9 (84.8); culmen, from base, 20.8-22.1; depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7; tarsus, 24.1-25.4;. middle toe, 19.6-19.8.' 



Admit femule. — Similar to the adult male in coloration, but smaller; 

 length (skins), 172.7-198.1 (185.4); wing, 95-97.3 (96.3); tail, 74.2-78.7 

 (77); culmen, from base, 19.8-20.3 (20.1); depth of bill at base, 8.1- 

 8.9 (8.6); tarsus, 24.1-24.9 (24.4); middle toe, 18.3.' 



Young. — Uniform dull black, except lesser wing-coverts, which are 

 light buffy yellow or yellowish buff, the middle coverts partly of the 

 same color. 



Iiiiinature. — Similar to adults, but yellow wing-patch more or less 

 broken posteriorly by spots or blotches of black. 



Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. (Island of St. Thomas?) 



Agelaius dirysopterus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 539 part 



(St. Thomas, W. I.); Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 713, part.— Gundlach, Anal. 



Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 211 (Porto Rico); Jou'rn. fiir Orn., 1874, 312 



(Porto Rico); 1878, 177 (Porto Rico). 

 Agelieus chrysoplerus Sundevall, (Eiv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1869, 597 (Porto Eico). 

 [Agelseus'] dirysopterus Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37 (Porto Rico). 

 Icierus xanlhomus Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 131 ("Mexico;" coll. P. L. 



Sclater).— Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 168 (Porto Eico).— Bryant, Proc. Boat. Soc. 



N. H., X, 1866, 254 (Porto Eico). 

 Hyphantes xanlhomus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 63 (monogr.; Porto 



Eico; St. Thomas?). 

 Ageisms xanlhomus Sclater, Ibis, 1884, 12 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss,, xi, 



1886, 343. 

 [Agelteits} xanihomun Coky, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 

 Agelaius xanlhomus Cory, Auk, iii, Apr., 1886, 221; Birds W. I., 1889, 108; Cat. 



W. I. Birds, 1892 14, 110, 132 (Porto Rico; accidental onMonal.). 



Genus NESOPSAR Sclater. 



Nesopsar Sclater, Ibis, i, Oct., 1859, 457, footnote. (Type, Icterus nigerrimm 

 Osburn.) 



Rather small, uniformly black Icteridse with the bill longer than 

 the head, narrowly wedge-shaped, the wing about three times as long 

 as the culmen, rounded, the tail about two-thirds as long as the wing, 

 even, the tarsus about one-fourth as long as the wing. 



Bill longer than head, slender-conical or narrowly wedge-shaped, 

 compressed, acute, with straight outlines, its basal depth about one- 

 third the culmen, or less, its basal width less than the depth; culmen 

 straight, flattened, the flattened surface widening gradually toward 



' Two specimens. ^ Four specimens. 




BIED8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 345 



base, where terminating in an obtuse point at a distance posterior to 

 the nostrils which about equals the basal width of the mandible; com- 

 missure straight, or nearly so, to beyond nostrils, where deflexed to 

 the rictus. Nostril on lateral median line of maxilla, nearly circular, 

 with overhanging membrane (narrower anteriorly), its posterior edge 

 touching feathering of frontal antise. Wing moderate or rather short 

 (more than three times as long as culmen, about four times as long as 

 tarsus), the tip moderately produced (longest primaries exceeding 

 secondaries by between one-half and two-thirds the length of culmen) ; 

 outermost (ninth) primary equal to fourth or intermediate between fifth 

 and fourth; seventh and sixth longest, the eighth but little shorter; inner 

 webs of outer primaries not perceptibly sinuated. Tail a little more 

 than two-thirds as long as wing, even or very slightly rounded, the 

 rectrices broad, but not widened terminally as in Agelaius, the lateral 

 ones with inner web more than three times as wide as the outer. Tarsus 

 decidedly shorter than culmen, slightly less than one-fourth as long as 

 wing, its anterior scutella distinct on inner but indistinct on outer 

 side; middle toe, with claw, slightly longer than tarsus; claws of lateral 

 toes reaching about to base of middle claw; hallux shorter than lateral 

 toes but much stouter, its claw shorter than the digit; all the claws 

 strongly curved, acute. 



Coloration. — Uniform black, in both sexes. 



Rang.e. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) 



NESOPSAR NIGERRIMUS (Osburn). 

 OSBTTRN'S BLACEBIRI). 



Adults {sexes alike). — Entirely uniform glossy blue-black; bill, legs, 

 and feet black, the former sometimes brownish basally. 



Adult male.— IjQugih. (skins), 175.3-185.4 (180.3); wing, 99.6-101.6 

 (100.6); tail, 73.2-74.2 (73.7); culmen, from base, 26.7-30.5 (28.5); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.7; tarsus, 22.6-23.4 (22.9); middle toe, 

 16.5-17.8 (17).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 158.8-177.8 (171.5); wing, 94.5-97.8 

 (95.5); tail, 63.5-71.9 (68.8); culmen, from base, 25.1-26.7 (25.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.7-9.9 (9.9); tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 17.3.'' 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



\_Ickrus .?] nigerrimus Osburn, Zoologist, 1859, 6661, in text (Jamaica; coll. P. L. 

 Sclater). 



Nesopsar nigerrimus Sclater, Ibis, i, Oct., 1859, 457, footnote; Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1861, 74; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 139; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 353.— Alerecht, Joiirn. ftir Orn., 1862, 197.— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1863, 299.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 223 (synonymy and descr.); Birds 

 W. I., 1889, 110 (do); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 130.— Scott, Auk, x, 

 1893, 178. 



1 Two specimens. ' Three specimens. 




346 BULLETIN 50, UKITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



{Nesopsar'] nigerrimus Sclatbr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. — Coey, 



List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 

 Nlesopsar] nigerrimus 'N'ewton (E. and A.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 103. 

 Agdaius nigerrimus Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 12 (monogr.). — 



Pelzeln, Ibis, 1873, 28. 

 Ageisms nigerrimus Sclatee, Ibis, 1884, 14 (monogr.). 



Genus XANTHOCEPHALUS Bonaparte. 



Xanthocephalus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, June 15, 1850, 431. (Type, Ictems 

 icierocephalus Bonaparte, = I. xanthocephalus Bonaparte. ) 



Medium-sized terrestrial and paludicoline Icteridae, with bill decid- 

 edly shorter than head; wing long and pointed (nearly seven times 

 as long as culmen, the ninth or eighth primary longest); tarsus nearly 

 one-fourth as long as wing; middle toe with claw nearly as long as 

 tarsus, the lateral toes with their claws reaching beyond base of 

 middle claw, the claws long and not strongly curved; color black or 

 diisky, with more or less of yellow on chest (adult male with head and 

 neck yellow also and with a white patch on wing). 



Bill decidedly shorter than head, stout-conical, compressed, with 

 nearly straight outlines, its basal depth about equal to distance from 

 nasal fossae to tip of maxilla, its basal width much less; culmen 

 straight, ilattened, the basal end elevated and slightly arched; gonys 

 straight or very slightly convex, slightly shorter than maxilla from 

 nostril; commissure nearly straight to behind nostril, where strongly 

 deflexed to the rictus. Nostril pyriform-oval (obtusely pointed ante- 

 riorly), overhung by a very broad and prominent horny operculum, its 

 posterior end in contact with the feathering of the frontal antise. Wing 

 long (nearly seven times as long as culmen), long-tipped (primaries 

 exceeding secondaries by about twice the length of the culmen), pointed; 

 outermost (ninth) primary usually longest, the eighth and seventh, 

 successively, but little shorter, the former sometimes equal to the 

 ninth, rarely a little longer; inner webs of four outer primaries slightly 

 sinuated near tips. Tail more than two-thirds as long as wing, slightly 

 rounded or double-rounded, the rectrices rather hard and stiflf; outer 

 web of lateral rectrix very narrow in middle portion, widening subter- 

 minally. Tarsus more than twice as long as bill from nostril, nearly 

 one-fourth as long as wing, rather slender, its anterior scutella distinct; 

 middle toe, with claw, nearly as long as tarsus; outer toe with claw 

 reaching beyond base of middle claw, the inner longer, with its claw 

 reaching to middle of middle claw; hallux nearly as long as outer toe, 

 decidedly stouter, its claw nearly as long as the digit, rather slender, 

 and not strongly curved; anterior claws not strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult male black with head, neck, and chest yellow, 

 the wing with a white patch; adult fernale and young dusky with 

 under parts more or less streaked, the chest with more or less yellow. 



Range. — Western and central temperate North America. (Mono- 

 typic.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 347 



XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS (Bonaparte). 

 YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD. 



Adult male in sumTner. — Head, neck, and chest yellow or orange 

 (varying from canary yellow to almost cadmium orange, rarely to 

 saturn red); lores, orbital region, anterior portion of malar region, 

 and chin black; rest of plumage uniform black, relieved by a white 

 patch on the wing, involving the primary coverts (except their tips 

 and shafts) and portions of the outermost greater coverts; anal region 

 yellow or orange; bill, legs, and feet black; iris brown. 



Adult male in winter. — Similar to the summer plumage, but yellow 

 or orange of pileum and hindneck obscured (sometimes almost con- 

 cealed) by dusky tips to the feathers. 



Adult female in sum,m£r. — General color dusky grayish brown or 

 sooty; no white on wings; a more or less distinct superciliary stripe, 

 malar region, chin, and throat dull whitish, usually more or less tinged 

 with yellow, passing into light yellow (naples yellow or buff-yeilow) 

 on chest; breast bix)adly streaked with white; anal tuft yellowish; bill, 

 legs, and feet black; iris brown. 



Adult female in winter. — Similar to the summer female, but super- 

 ciliary stripe and cheeks (malar region) dull buff -yellowish ; chin and 

 throat duller whitish; chest deeper yellow (ocher yellow), and white 

 streaks on breast less distinct; bill dusky brownish, paler on mandible, 

 especially basally. 



Immature male, first winter. — Similar to the winter female, but 

 larger; general color darker (nearly black on pileum, auriculars, and 

 orbital region); superciliary stripe deeper ocher yellow; malar region, 

 chin, and throat chrome yellow, and chest dull cadmium yellow or 

 orange-ochraceous; no white streaks on breast; primary coverts nar- 

 rowly tipped with white. (In following spring and summer similar, 

 but yellow of chest, etc., purer, pileum, etc., blacker, and primary 

 coverts without white tips.) 



Young [first plumage). — Head, neck, and chest pale cinnamon or 

 dull ochraceous-buff, paler (dull whitish) on chin and throat; pileum 

 with a median stripe of dusky; rest of plumage mostly dusky, the 

 feathers (especially wing-coverts and tertials) more or less distinctly 

 margined with pale cinnamon or dull tawny; breast more or less 

 •streaked with dull whitish; median line of breast and abdomen and 

 thighs dull whitish. 



Nestling. — General color plain cinnamon or cinnamon-buff (varying 

 to clay color), much paler on under parts of body, where sometimes 

 inclining to dull whitish; on the back, scapulars, and rump the buffy 

 or cinnamomeous color more or less broken by dusky bases to the 

 feathers; edge of wing whitish; greater wing-coverts very broadly 

 tipped with whitish or pale cinnamon-buffy; primary-coverts more 

 narrowly tipped with whitish; bill brownish; legs and feet light-colored 

 (flesh color in life?). 




348 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Aihilt wrde.—ljQngth. (skins), 218.4-256.5 (242.3); wing, 136.1-146.5 

 (141.2); tail, 93-108.5 (102.6); culmen, from base, 21.1-25.1 (22.9); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.9-13.2 (12.4); tarsus, 33.3-37.1 (35.8); middle 

 toe, 23.4-26.2 (24.6).^ 



Adult female.— h&ngth. (skins), 190.5-210.8 (204.7); wing, 110-117.9 

 (113.8); tail, 78.7-87.6 (81.8); culmen, from base, 19.6-21.1 (20.3); 

 depth of bill at base, 9.9-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 29.7-31.5 (30.5); middle 

 toe, 20.3-22.1 (21.1).' 



More open districts of western and central North America; north 

 to southern British Columbia, Assiniboia, Athabasca, Keewatln (to 

 about 58° 30'), and Myiarchusnitoba; breeding east to the prairie sloughs of 

 the upper Myiarchusssissippi Valley, as far as northeastern Illinois (Cook and 

 Lake counties), northwestern Indiana (Lake County), southwestern 

 Myiarchuschigan (?), southern Wisconsin, etc.; breeding southward to Ari- 

 zona, New Mexico, and northern Tamaulipas (Myiarchustamoras), probably 

 to northern Mexico in general; in winter southward over the greater 

 part of Mexico, as far as States of Sinaloa (Culiacan, Myiarchuszatlan, Pre- 

 sidio), Jalisco (Lake Chapala, Mesquitic), Mexico (Valley of Mexico), 

 Tlaxcala (Laguna del Rosario), and Puebla (Chietla, Huehuetlan, San 

 Myiarchusrtin Texmelucan). Accidental straggler to Ontario (Toronto, 

 several records), Quebec (Godbout), Myiarchusine (Spruce Head), Myiarchusssachu- 

 setts (Watertown), Connecticut (Hartford), Pennsylvania (Allegheny 

 County, Meadville), West Virginia (Upshur County), Myiarchusryland (Anne 

 Arundel County), District of Columbia, South Carolina (Chester 

 County), Florida, Cuba, and even to Greenland (Nenortalik, Septem- 

 ber 2, 1820). 



Icterus xanthocephalus Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1826, 223 (western 

 North America, also South America) ; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 52. — Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 6, pi. 388. 



' Eleven specimens. 



^ Seven specimens. 



Specimens from the Myiarchusssissippi Valley have, as a rule, the head, neck, and cheat 

 paler yellow (never orange?) than those from west of the Rocky Mountains, thongh 

 the series examined is much too small to show whether the difference is constant or 

 not. Measurements of the two series compare as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 349 



Agelaius .ranthocephaliis Swainson and Kichabdson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 

 281 (n. to 58°).— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List., l.s.38, 29.— Audubon, 

 Synopsis, 1839, 140; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 24, pi. 213.— Baird, in 

 Stansbury's Eep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 326 (New Mexico).— Woodhousb, 

 Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. K., 1853, 80.— Newberry, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv. vi, 1857, 86 (Sacramento Valley, Pitt R., and Klamath lakes, 

 n. California) .—Heermann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Survey., x, pt. vi, 1859, 52 

 (California; Port Inge, Texas).— Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, 1858, 261 

 (upper Myiarchusssouri R.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 11 (monogr.; 

 near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, several).— Trippb, Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 

 1871, 117 (Myiarchusnnesota). 



Ageliaus xanthrocephalus Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 204. 



X[a,nthocephalus\ xanthocephalus Jordan, Myiarchusn. Vert., ed. 4, 1884, 92. — Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 368. 



Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 

 1885, 356. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 497. — 

 Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 222 (Cuba; references); Birds W. I., 1889, 109 (Cuba).— 

 Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 152 (Chietla, Huehuetlan, 

 and San Myiarchusrtin Texmelucan, Puebla, Dec, Jan., Myiarchusy; Laguna del Rosario, 

 Tlaxcala, Jan., Oct.)— Coky, Auk, iii, 1886, 222; Birds W. I., 1889, 109 

 (Cuba, 1 spec.) — Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 321 (Assiniboia and Red R. valleys, 

 Myiarchusnitoba, summer).— Treat, Auk, iv, 1887, 256 (near Hartford, Connecticut, 

 1 spec, July). — Ridgway, Auk, iv, 1887, 256 (Spruce Head, Myiarchusine, 1 spec, 

 Nov.); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 312.— Scott, Auk, iv, 1887, 22 (Tucson, Florence, 

 etc., Arizona, fall, winter, and spring). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 

 162 (localities, dates, etc.). — Waekbn (H. B.), Birds Pennsylvania, 1890, 212 

 (near Philadelphia, 1 spec. ; Meadville, Crawford Co., 1 pair. Myiarchusr. 25, 1890). — 

 RivBS, Birds Virginias, 1890, 70 (near Buckhannon, Upshur Co., West Vir- 

 ginia, 1 spec, spring 1888). — Mearns, Auk, vii, 1890, 257 (Mogollon Mts., 

 Arizona, breeding). — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1891, 571 (Myiarchusni- 

 toba localities, habits; notes). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 396 (summer 

 resid.) .— Hasbrouck, Auk, x, 1893, 92 (District Columbia, 1 spec, Aug. 29, 

 1892).— Norton, Auk, x, 1893, 302 (Metinac I., Knox Co., Myiarchusine, 1 spec, 

 Aug. 17, 1882); xi, 1894, 78 (do.)— Nutting, Bull. Labr. N. H. Univ. Iowa, 

 ii, no. 3, 1893, 274 (Chemawawin, lower Saskatchewan, abundant). — Bendike, 

 Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 446, pi. 6, figs. 10-12 (eggs).— Neheling, 

 Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 248, pi. 29, fig. 3.— Butler, Proc. Ind. Ac 

 Sci. for 1891, 165 (Lake Co., Indiana); Birds Indiana, 1897, 892 (Lake 

 Co., breeding).— Knight, Bull. Univ. Myiarchusine, no. 3, 1897, 86 (Spruce Head, 

 Knox Co., Myiarchusine, 1 spec, Aug. 17, 1882).— Rhoads, Auk, xvi, 1899, 312 

 (Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania, 1 spec, Apr. 26, 1895).— Brooks, Auk, xvii, 

 1900, 106 (Chilliwack, British Columbia).— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. 

 for 1897-99 (1900), 105 (s. w. Louisiana, winter resid.). 



Xantocephalus xardocephalus Resler, Proc Md. Ac. Sci., 1891, 139 (near Curtis 

 Bay, Anne Arundel Co., Myiarchusryland, 1 spec, Sept. 10, 1890). 



Iderm icterocephalus (not of Daudin, 1800, ex Oriolus icterocephalus Linnaeus) 

 Bonaparte, Am. Orn., i, 1835, 27, pi. 3 (Rocky Mts.).— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. 

 U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 170; 2d ed., 1840, 187. 



A[gelaius] icterocephalus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 188. 



Xanthocephalus icterocephalus Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Serv., ix, 1858, 531; Rep. 

 U. S. andMex. Bound. Surv.,ii, pt. 2, 1859, 18 (NuevoLeon; El Paso, Texas); 

 Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 404.— Sclatbk, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 136; Proc 

 Zool. Soc Lond., 1864, 175 (valley of Mexico).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1862, 178 (Cuba, 1 spec); 1874, 133 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 

 288.— Allen, Am. Nat. iii, 1869, 636 (Watertown, Myiarchusssachusetts); Bull. 




350 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 178 (Kansas, Utah); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 i, 1868, 498 (Iowa), 518 (n. Illinois).— Coues, Am. Nat., v, 1871, 195-200 

 (biography); Check List, 1873, no. 213; 2d ed., 1882, no. 319; Birds N. W., 



1874, 188.— CooPEK, Orn. Cal., 1870, 267.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 

 (e. Kansas, breeding). — Baied, Beeweh, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 167, pi. 32, fig. 9; pi. 33, fig. 9.— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 ii, 1874, 281 (Myiarchuszatlan, Sinaloa).— Newton, Myiarchusn. N. H. Greenland, 1875, 99 

 (Nenortalik, 1 spec, Sept. 2, 1820).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 



1875, 442 (Myiarchusssachusetts, accidental).— Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 502 

 (Sacramento, California; localities in Nevada and Utah; habits, etc.); Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 260.— Sennbtt, Bull. U. S. Gaol, and Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., iv, 1878, 24 (Hidalgo, s. Texas, winter resid.). — Merrill, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 133 (Fort Brown, Texas, winter).— Gibbs, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 487 (s. w. Myiarchuschigan, breeding?).— Merkiam, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 246 (Godbout, prov. Quebec, 1 spec, Sept. 

 1878).— Myiarchusynaed, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 137.— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., V, 1883, 546 (San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower California).— Loomis, Auk, i, 

 1884, 293 (Chester, South Carolina, 1 spec, Apr. 18, 1884); ii, 1885, 192 

 (do.).— Seton, Auk, ii, 1885, 334 (Toronto, Ontario, several records).— 

 Fbilden, Ibis, 1889, 489 (Barbados, Lesser Antilles). — Coey, Cat. Birds 

 W. I., 1892, 110, 146 (Cuba; Barbados). 



[Xanthocephalua} icterocephalus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 156.— Sclateb 

 and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14 

 (Cuba). 



Xlanthocephalm] icterocephalus Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst, viii, 1876, 111 (n. e. 

 Illinois, summer resid. ). — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 404. 



Agelaus longipes Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, no. 6, June, 1827, 436 (table- 

 land of Mexico; coll. Bullock Myiarchuss.). 



Xanthocephalus longipes Sclatbe, Ibis, 1884, 14 (monogr. ; Presidio, near Myiarchuszat- 

 lan, etc.) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 350. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 455. 



Pslarocolius} perspidllatusW A.aLER, Isis, 1829, 753 (ex Icterus perspicUlatus Lichten- 

 stein, manuscript). 



[Xanthocephalus'] perspicillatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 431. 



Ageisms perspicillatus Reinhabdt, Ibis, 1861, 7 (Nenortalik, Greenland; 1 spec, 

 Sept. 2, 1820) . 



Icterus frenatus Lichtenstbin, Isis, 1843, 60 (Greenland). — Baird, in Stansbury'a 

 Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 332 (Greenland).— Rbinhardt, Vid. Med. for 

 1853 (1854), 82 (Greenland). 



Genus LBISTES Vigors. 



Leistes Vigors, Zool. Journ., ii, no. vi, July, 1825, 191. (Type, Oriolus americanus 



Gmelin, = Emberiza militaris Linnaeus.) 

 Pedotribes^ Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept. 10, 1851, 191. (Type, Oriolus gmm- 



ensis Linnaeus, = Emberiza militaris Linnaeus. ) 



Rather small terrestrial Icteridee with short conical bill, short tail, 

 rather long, pointed wings, and long legs, the under parts with more 

 or less of red. 



Bill much shorter than head, conical, compressed, acute, its depth 

 at base much more than one-half the length of culmen (nearly equal 

 to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), its basal width more than 



'"Von SjeSoTpifirji, den Erdboden haufig betretend," 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 351 



one-half the length of culmen; culmen nearly straight but elevated 

 and decidedly arched basally, faintly depressed in middle portion and 

 slightly decurved terminally, the top broad and rounded; gonys 

 straight, shorter than maxilla from nostril; maxillary tomium nearly 

 straight, but faintly concave anteriorly and convex in middle, the ric- 

 tal portion very strongly and rather abruptly deflexed; mandibular 

 tomium nearly straight for terminal half, then arched and strongly 

 deflexed to the rictus. Nostril rather large, triangular (obtusely 

 pointed anteriorly), overhung by a prominent and conspicuous con- 

 vex horny operculum, the posterior end touching feathers of frontal 

 antise. Wing moderate (nearly five times as long as culmen, more 

 than three times as long as tarsus), the tip well produced (projecting 

 for more than length of culmen but less than length of tarsus), pointed; 

 outermost (ninth) primary longest, the eighth, seventh, and sixth, suc- 

 cessively, but little shorter; inner webs of two outer primaries slightly 

 sinuated; longest tertial projecting decidedly beyond secondaries. Tail 

 short (about five-eighths as long as wing), even, the rectrices rigid, broad, 

 with extreme tip more or less pointed, with aculeate tips of the shafts 

 slightly projecting. Tarsus long (more than half as long again as 

 culmen, nearly one-third as long as wing), slender, the anterior scu- 

 tella distinct; middle toe, with claw, slightly shorter than tarsus; 

 outer toe with claw falling far short of base of middle claw, the inner 

 slightly longer but with claw still falling decidedly short of base of 

 middle claw; hallux about as long as inner toe (longer than outer), 

 much stouter, its claw nearly as long as the digit, rather slender, 

 strongly arched, acute. 



Coloration. — Above blackish, or streaked and barred with brown 

 and dusky; beneath with more or less of red. 



RoMge. — South America, from Argentina and southern Brazil to the 

 Isthmus of Panama (Chiriqui). (Two species.) 



LEISTES MILITARIS (Linnaeus). 

 CAYENNE RED-BREASTED BLACKBIRD. 



Adult male in Ireedvng dress. — Uniform black, with traces (more or 

 less distinct) of grayish brown bars on apper tail-coverts and rectrices 

 and of lighter edgings on wing-feathers; throat, chest, breast, and upper 

 portion of abdomen uniform rich vermilion red; bill black; legs and 

 feet blackish brown. 



Adult male after Ireeding season. — Similar to the above, but the 

 black portions of the plumage broken by light brown or pale buffy 

 grayish edgings, these most conspicuous on median line of pileum, 

 back, scapulars, wings, and under tail-coverts; terminal portion of 

 tertials, rectrices, and longer upper tail-coverts barred with brownish 

 gray; bill horn brown, the mandible paler; legs and feet horn brown. 



Adult female in Ireeding c^ess.— Above black, broken by pale buffy 

 brownish edges to feathers, producing rather broad streaks on back, 




352 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



scapulars, and hindneck; pileum with a distinct median stripe of pale 

 grayish buffy streaks, the black lateral portions narrowly and indis- 

 tinctly streaked with light olive-brownish; lesser wing-coverts broadly 

 margined with brownish gray, the margins or edges of other wing- 

 feathers more brown or buffy; rump grayish olive, broadly but not 

 distinctly, streaked with dusky; terminal portion of secondaries and 

 rectrices barred, more or less, with brownish gray; upper tail-coverts 

 brownish gray narrowly barred with dusky; a broad superciliary stripe 

 of dull buffy; a blackish postocular streak; auricular region and sides 

 of neck light buffy grayish brown, the latter streaked with blackish; 

 chin, throat, chest, breast, and upper part of abdomen plain light wood 

 brown or dull brownish buff, the breast and abdomen tinged with pink- 

 ish red; lower abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts light buffy olive, 

 broadly streaked with dusky, the last also narrowly barred with the 

 same; under wing-coverts uniform sooty black; edge of wing, particu- 

 larly the carpal region, pinkish red. 



Adult female after 'breeding season. — Similar to the preceding, but 

 paler markings of upper parts broader (the blackish streaks corre- 

 spondingly narrower), and the color more brown; general color of 

 under parts rather deeper, with dusky streaks on flanks, etc., narrower; 

 under wing-coverts dusky grayish. 



Young. — Somewhat like post-nuptial adult female, but chest and 

 sides streaked with dusky.' 



Adult mafo.— Length (skins), 137.2-194.3 (170.4); wing, 88.9-99.1 

 (95); tail, 48.8-67.8 (55.4); culmen, from base, 19.8-22.9 (20.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 10-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 27.9-32.8 (30.6); middle toe, 

 20.6-23.5 (22.1).' 



Adulifetnale.— Length (skins), 165.1-170.2 (167.4); wing, 83.8-89.9 

 (86.1); tail, 53.3-61 (57.2); culmen, from base, 17.8-19.3 (18.5); depth 

 of bill at base (one specimen), 10.4; tarsus, 28.2-30.6 (29); middle toe, 

 19.6-22.4 (20.6).' 



' The single young bird seen by me has partly assumed the adult plumage. 



^ Eighteen specimens. 



' Five specimens. 



Adult males from different localities average as follows: 



While considerable differences in measurements are thus indicated, I am unable 

 to detect any local variation in plumage, at least among adult males. 




BIED8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 353 



Amazon Valley (Santarem, Para, Mexiana, etc., Brazil; Xeberos, 

 eastern Peru) and northward through Cayenne, British Guiana 

 (Roraima; Demerara), Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia (Bogota), and 

 Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill; Panama) to Chiriqui (Myiarchusna de Chorcha; 

 David); western Ecuador (Guayaquil). 



[Emberiza] militaris Linn^os, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 178 (based on Tardus 

 aler, pectore coccineo. Myiarchuss. Adol. Friderici, i, 1754, 18; "America"). 



[Tanagra] militaris LiNNiEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 316. — Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat., i, 1788, 895.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 431. 



Agelaius militaris Vieillot, Gal. uis., ii, 1834, 128, pi. 88. 



PslarocoUus] militaris Wagleb, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 11. 



Leistes militaris Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 14 (monogr.; Bra- 

 zil; Guiana; Trinidad). — Lonnberg, K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand!., Bd. 22, 

 Afd., iv, no 1, 1896, 29 (crit. nomencl.). 



[Oriolu^] guianensis Linn^u„, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 162 (based on Icterus 

 guianensis Brisson, Orn., ii, 107). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 388.— 

 Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 179. 



[Trupialis} guianensis Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, '430 (Guiana; Brazil). — 

 BuRMEiSTER, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras, iii, 1856, 260. 



Pledotribes} guianensis Gabavis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 191 (Guiana). 



Leistes guianensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lond., 1857, 19 (Bogota, Colombia), 

 265 (Santarem, lower Amazon); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 138 (Cayenne; Trin- 

 idad; Bogota); Ibis, 1884, 21 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 348 (Myiarchusna de Chorcha, Veragua; Panama; Bogota; Guayaquil, w. Ecuador; 

 Trinidad; Roraima and Georgetown, British. Guiana; Cayenne; Mexiana I., 

 lower Amazon; Rio Myiarchusdeira; Cayutaba, Brazil). — Taylor, Ibis., 1864, 84 

 (Trinidad). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 573 (Pard, 

 lower Amazon), 750 (Xeberos, e. Peru); 1869, 252 (Venezuela); 1873, 267 

 Xeberos). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 176 (Veragua, Panama), 

 191 (Myiarchusna de Chorcha, Veragua); Ibis, 1885, 218 (British Guiana). — Finsch, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 576 (Trinidad).— Layard, Ibis, 1873, 381 

 (ParA). — Taczanowski, Orn. du P6rou, ii, 1884, 427. — Allen, Bull. Essex 

 Inst., viii, 1876, 79 (Santarem, lower Amazon). — Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 458 (Myiarchusna de Chorcha; Lion Hill, Panama' 

 R. R.).— RiKERand Chapman, Auk, vii, 1890, 269 (Santarem).— Chapman, 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 37 (Trinidad). 



[Leistesi guianensis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. 



[Oriolus] americanus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 386 (based on Troupiale 

 de Cayenne BuHon, Hist. Nat. des Ois., 3, 218, etc.) .—Latham, Index Orn., i, 

 1790, 178. 



Icterus americanus TiiWMmcK,. Cat. Syst., 1807, 47. 



(?) Xanthornus ruhricollis Hahn, Vogel aus Asien, etc., pt.v, 1819, pi. 2. 



Leistes erythrothorax "Natterer" Pblzeln, Orn. Bras., iii, 1870, 197, 326 (Cuya- 

 taba, Brazil; coU. Vienna Myiarchuss.). 



[Leistes] erythrothora.r: Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr. 1873, 38. 



Leistes superdliaris (not Trupialis superciliaris Bonaparte) Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 339 

 (Cabo, n. e. Brazil; habits). 



Genus STURNELLA Vieillot. 



Stumella Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 34. (Type, Alauda magna Linnaeus.) 

 Cirulus Brbdow, Wiegmann's Archiv. fiir Natiirg., drit. jahrg., erster band, 1837, 



413, in text. (Type, C. pratensis Bredow, = Stumella meridionalis Sclater. ) 

 Pedopsaris Gloger, Handbuch, 1842, 292. (Type, Alauda magna Linnaeus.) 



3654— VOL 2—01 23 




354 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Medium-sized terrestrial luteridse with long, slender, bill, short tail 

 with pointed i-ectrices, and long legs and toes, the plumage much 

 streaked and barred above, more or less yellow beneath, the lateral 

 rectrices partly white. 



Bill about as long as head (or slightly shorter or longer), narrowly 

 wedge-shaped, acute and depressed at tip, its basal depth about one- 

 third the culmen or a little more, its basal depth slightly less; culmen 

 nearly straight, but faintly convex terminally, straight or slightly 

 depressed in middle, more or less elevated and arched basally, flat- 

 tened, especially between the frontal antise, where distinctly ridged lat- 

 erally; gonjry straight, or slightly concave terminally, slightly shorter 

 than maxilla from nostril; commissure nearly or quite straight to 

 much behind nostril, then strongly and rather abruptly deflexed to 

 the rictus. Nostril ovate, obtusely pointed anteriorly, overhung by 

 a prominent thick horny operculum, its posterior end in contact with 

 feathering of the "frontal antise. Wing moderate or rather short 

 (about three to three and a half times as long as culmen, about two 

 and a half to nearly three times as long as tarsus), its tip rather 

 short (less than length of culmen) but pointed; outermost Cninth) pri- 

 mary equal to or longer than sixth, rarely slightlj' shorter, sometimes 

 longest, the ninth to the sixth longest (these nearly equal); inner web 

 of four outer primaries faintly sinuated; longest tertial projecting 

 decidedly beyond secondaries. Tail short (between two-thirds and 

 three-fourths as long as wing), rounded, the rectrices rigid, narrowed 

 terminally, the two or three middle pairs pointed and more or less 

 acuminate. Tarsus long (much longer than culmen, nearly or quite 

 one-third as long as wing), rather stout, its anterior scutella distinct; 

 middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; outer toe with 

 claw falling much short of base of middle claw; the inner toe slightly 

 longer, but its claw still not reaching to base of middle claw; hallux 

 longer than lateral toes, slender, its claw decidedly shorter than the 

 digit; all the claws rather slender, not very strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Above brownish, conspicuously streaked and barred 

 with blackish; under parts with more or less of yellow, the sides, 

 flanks, and under tail-coverts streaked with dusky; lateral rectrices 

 partly white; adults with a black shield-shaped or crescentic patch on 

 chest. 



Range. — Temperate and tropical North America; South America 

 north of Amazon Valley; Cuba. (Three species.) 



Examination of a very large series of meadowlarks from that portion 

 of the United States east of the Great Plains, representing prac- 

 tically all parts of that extensive region, reveals a very decided varia- 

 tion in size and coloration according to climatic areas, specimens from 

 the extreme South being decidedly smaller, in all their measurements, 

 and darker in color than those from northern localities. The change 

 is such a gradual one, however, that the satisfactory definition of two 




BIRDS OF NOKtH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 355 



or more forms becomes a matter of extreme difficulty. The first formal 

 separation of a southern form was made by Myiarchus. Outram Bangs, who 

 named a Florida subspecies Stwrnella magna ((njntvhi,'^ all represent- 

 atives of the species from eastward of the range of S. neglectn, except- 

 ing those from the peninsula of Florida, being referred to 8. magna 

 magna. Myiarchus. Frank M. Chapman has more recently reviewed the 

 subject/ and concludes, regarding the status of ,S. m. urgutula, that 

 "if the application of this name be restricted to the isolated Florida 

 bird, it may prove a convenient means of expressing the slight differ- 

 entiation which that form exhibits. If. however, as its proposer sug- 

 gests, it be applied to the Gulf Coast and Myiarchusssissippi Valley specimens, 

 it will only result in the confusion which always follows our attempts 

 to definitely name differences which do not definitely exist." 



With much the same material as that upon which Myiarchus. Chapman based 

 his conclusions, and manj^ additional specimens, I find myself unable to 

 agree with him. In the first place, the Florida birds are not isolated, 

 the range of the species being quite continuous; in the second, the 

 breeding birds from the coast district of Louisiana show the characters 

 of Florida birds carried still farther — that is, they are both smaller and 

 darker; again, breeding birds from the southern portions of Illinois 

 and Indiana (within the limits of the Austroriparian or Lower Austral 

 life-zone) are far more similar in size and coloration to those from the 

 extreme South than they are to those from New England and the east- 

 ern Myiarchusddle States. In short, if the species be subdivided at all within 

 the eastern or humid division of the Austral life-zone, the questions to 

 be decided are (1) how many divisions are necessary or desirable, and 

 (2) where the geographic line or lines separating their breeding ranges 

 should be drawn. After considering these questions very carefully in 

 all their bearings I have arrived at the conclusion that to recognize two 

 forms, corresponding in their breeding ranges with the Transition and 

 Upper Austral zones on the one hand, and, essentialh', the Lower Aus- 

 tral on the other, would better express the facts. It is true, necessarily, 

 that within each of these two geographic areas there is considerable local 

 variation, but this is comparatively insignificant. It is also true that 

 Florida specimens are not appreciably different within the Lower Aus- 

 tral and Tropical divisions of the peninsula, respectively, and that 

 specimens from the extreme western portions of the humid division of 

 the Lower Austral zone (in southeastern Texas) are so much different 

 from those of other parts of that faunal area as to merit recognition as 

 a third form, this also extending southward into the Tropical zone in 

 northeastern Mexico; consequently the respective ranges of these two 

 Southern forms do not coincide absolutely with the limits of faunal areas. 



'Proc. New England Zool. Club, i, Feb. 28, 1899, 19-21. (The Florida birds had 

 previously been referred by Myiarchus. Chapman to S. m. mexicana.) 



'A Study of the Genus Sturnella. Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist., xiii, article xxii, 

 297-320. (Author's edition published Dec. 31, 1900.) 




356 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



The construction of an analytical ' ' key " to the various recognizable 

 forms of Sturnella is a most difficult matter, the differences being 

 purelj^ comparative, and therefore not easy to tabulate. The following 

 attempt is far from satisfactory as a means of certain identification, 

 but may be of help in the determination of specimens. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP STHHNELLA. 



a. Breast, etc., bright yellow, relieved by a crescentic or horseshoe-shaped jugular 

 patch of black. ( Adults. ) 

 h. Yellow of throat confined between the maxillse, or if extending over lower 

 edge of the latter the upper parts dark colored, with broad and conspicuous 

 black stripes, 

 c. Larger and paler; wing averaging 117 or more in males, 106 or more in females. 

 d. Larger, with upper parts browner and yellow of under parts lighter {lemon 

 or gamboge) ; wing averaging 122.4 in male, 107.4 in female. (Transition 

 and Upper Austral life-zones of eastern North America.) 



Sturnella magna magna (p. 357) 

 dd. Smaller, with upper parts grayer and yellow of under parts deeper (slightly 

 orange) ; wing averaging 117.1 in male, 106.4 in female. (Western por- 

 tion of Lower Austral life-zone, from coast of Texas to southern Arizona 



and northern Sonora. ) Sturnella magna hoopesi (p. 361) 



cc. Smaller and darker; wing averaging less than 117 in males, less than 100 in 

 females. 

 d. Larger; wing averaging more than 110 in males, 98 or more in females. 

 e. Wing shorter, tail and bill longer; yellow of under parts lighter, more 

 lemon or gamboge (as in S. m. magna) ; auricular region grayish, dis- 

 tinctly streaked; male with wing averaging 111.8, culmen 32.8, tarsus 

 41.4; female with wing averaging 99.1, culmen 28.7, tarsus 38.3. (Humid 

 portion of Lower Austral life-zone, from Florida to Louisiana and 



southern Illinois. ) Sturnella magna argutula (p. .360) 



ee. Wing longer, tail and bill shorter; yellow of under parts deeper, more 

 orange (as in S. m. hoopesi); auricular region buffy white, less streaked; 

 male with wing averaging 116.1, culmen 30.9, tarsus 40.9; female with 

 wing averaging 98, culmen 30.5, tarsus 37.1. (Plateau districts of cen- 

 tral and southern Mexico and Guatemala. ) 



Sturnella magna mexicana (p. 362) 



dd. Smaller; wing averaging 103.6 in male, 94.5 in female. (Coloration as in 



S. m. mexicana, but upper parts browner. ) (Coast district of Vera Cruz 



and southward to Veragua. ) Sturnella magna inexpectata (p. 364) 



66. Yellow of throat covering more or less of malar region; upper parts paler and 

 grayer, more barred than striped, 

 c. Larger, with broader black jugular shield; male with wing averaging 125, 

 tail 75.7; female with wing averaging 110.7, tail 65.8. (Western United 



States and northern Mexico.) Sturnella neglecta (p. 365) 



cc. Smaller, with narrower black jugular shield; male with wing averaging 102.1, 

 tail 65.8; female with wing averaging 93.7, tail 60.2. (Cuba.) 



Sturnella hippocrepis (p. 368) 

 aa. Breast, etc., pale yellow, without any black jugular shield, the latter replaced 

 by dusky spotting. (Young. ^) 



' The young of but few of the forms are represented among the specimens examined; 

 consequently a " key" for their determination is not attempted. 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 857 



STURNELLA MAGNA MAGNA (Linnaeus). 

 UEABOWLAKK. 



Adjult male in summer. — Pileum with a narrow median stripe of 

 pale dull buffy or dull buffy white, separating two broad stripes of black, 

 streaked narrowly with brown or brownish gray, these streaks some- 

 times obsolete on forehead; a broad superciliary stripe, lemon yellow 

 from nostril to above eye, the remaining portion dull buflfy white; 

 a narrow postocular stripe of black; lores, malar region, and auricular 

 region dull grayish white, the last indistinctly streaked with grayish; 

 sides of neck dull grayish white, usually more or less tinged with 

 buff, narrowly streaked with black, the hindneck pale brownish buffy 

 with broader streaks of black; scapulars and interscapulars broadly 

 black medially, more or less broadly edged and tipped with brown 

 (wood brown, Isabella color, or sometimes almost cinnamon), but this 

 passing on extreme edges and tip into buffy whitish or pale buff, 

 producing distinct narrow streaks; rump and upper tail-coverts buffy, 

 broadly streaked with black, these black streaks broader on upper 

 rump, those on upper tail-coverts with serrated margins; middle pair 

 of rectrices black medially, pale brownish gray or grayish brown 

 laterally, the black median portion more or less deeply serrated on 

 the margins, rarely forming isolated bars; second and third (sometimes 

 fourth) rectrices (counting from middle) with outer webs serrated 

 with pale brownish gray or grayish brown along edge, black next 

 to shaft, their inner webs chiefl}'^ dull black or dusky indistinctly 

 barred or serrated with paler; three outermost rectrices extensively 

 white, the outermost (sometimes the one next to it also) almost entirely 

 white, and sometimes the fourth rectrix (counting from outside) with 

 more or less of white on inner web; lesser wing-coverts dusky centrally, 

 broadly margined with gray, those toward bend of wing tinged with 

 yellow; middle coverts similar, but with the broad gray margin more 

 brownish; greater coverts light buff'y grayish brown (broccoli brown 

 or inclining to Isabella color), edged with paler, their inner webs 

 mostly uniform dusky and outer webs barred (but not entirely across) 

 with the same; secondaries similar in coloration to the greater coverts, 

 the tertials usually with the black forming a large central irregular 

 patch, but sometimes broken into regular and widely separated trans- 

 verse lines or bars; primaries dusky grayish, the outermost broadly 

 edged with white, the rest with outer webs broadly and more or less ser- 

 rately edged with light grayish brown or gray; primary coverts similar 

 in coloration to primaries, but more edged with white; alulae black or 

 dusky margined with pale gray or grayish brown; chin whitish; throat, 

 breast, and abdomen bright lemon yellow; a broad crescent of black 

 on chest, the extremities of which are confluent with a black postmalar 

 spot; sides of breast white broadly streaked with black, the sides and 




,^58 BULLETIN So, UKITED STATES NATIONAL MtfSEUM. 



flanks similar, but more or less tinged with buflf and with black streaks 

 rather narrower; under tail-coverts pale buffy or buffy white, nar- 

 rowly streaked with black; thighs plain buff or buffy white, sometunes 

 with a few very narrow streaks of dusky; under wing-coverts white, 

 becoming yellow along edge of wing; maxilla black or dusky, edged , 

 with paler; mandible grayish in dried skin (pale grayish blue in life) 

 with tip dusky; iris brown; legs and feet pale brownish in dried skins, 

 pale pinkish gray in life. 



Adult male in wmter. — Similar to the summer male, but with less 

 black and more brown above, the tips of the scapulars and interscapu- 

 lars broadly tipped with brown, laigely covering the black portion of 

 the feathers; blackish lateral stripes of pileum more broadly streaked 

 with brown, the median stripe more buffy; flanks, under tail-coverts, 

 etc., more buffy. 



Admit female-in .stammer.— Similar to the male, but much smaller; 

 lateral stripes of pileum more broadly streaked with brown, the post- 

 ocular stripe brown streaked with black, instead of uniform black; 

 sides of head and neck more buffy; black jugular crescent relatively 

 smaller, the feathers usually more or less tipped with light grayish; 

 yellow of throat, breast, etc., rather duller. 



Adult female in winter. — Similar to the summer female, but browner 

 above, with the black spots on back and scapulars more concealed, 

 and the white parts more buffy. 



Yo^mg. — Above much like adults, but the scapulars, interscapulars, 

 and tertials margined terminally with whitish or buffy; head-stripes 

 less sharply defined, the superciliary stripe dull buffy throughout; 

 yellow of breast, etc., very pale and dull, changing gradually into 

 the buffy of sides, flanks, etc., the latter much less distinctly or 

 sharply streaked; black jugular crescent wanting, but in its place a 

 cluster of dusky spots or flecks occupying approximately the same area. 

 Advlt mrde.—L,ength (skins), 215.9-265 (235.5); wing, 114.3-129 

 (122.4); tail, 67.6-86.4 (78.7); culmen, from base, 30.7-36.8 (34.3); 

 tarsus, 38.9^6.2 (41.9); middle toe, 27.2-32.8 (30.2).^ 



Adult female.— L^ength (skins), 190.5-215.9 (202.9); wing, 104.6- 

 113.8(107.4); tail, 65.8-73.7 (67.6); culmen, from base, 26.9-31.6(30); 

 tarsus, 36.1-40.6 (37.3); middle toe, 25.4-30 (27.2).' 



(Nearly all of the above breeding birds.) 

 " Eight specimens. 




BIRDS OB' NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 359 



[Alauda] magna Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 167 (Carolinas; based on 

 Alauda magna Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, p. 33, pi. 33); ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 289.— Gmblin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 801. 



Alauda magna Wiisoi^i, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 20, pi. 19. 



Stumella magna Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858,535; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 406.— Hayden, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, ser. 2, xii, 1862, 

 169.— Vebeill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 157 (s. Myiarchusine, summer).— Blak- 

 iSTON, Ibis., 1862, 7 (Forks of Saslcatcliewan, Apr. 15).— Allen, Mem. Best. 

 Soc. N. H., i, 1868, 496 (Iowa, etc.).— Thippe, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 

 1872, 239 (Iowa).— Harting, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 118 (England, 

 escaped).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8; ed. 3, 1875, 8 (summer resident).— 

 Gentry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 98 (habits).— Baihd, Brewer, and 

 RIDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 174, pi. 34, fig. 2.— Mearns, Bull. 

 Nutt.,Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 36 (Fishkill, New York, winter).— Ridgway, Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 263; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 316, colored plate (frontis- 

 piece).— Chamberlain, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunsw., no. 1, 1882, 41 

 (New Brunswick, rare summer resident). — Knowlton, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, viii, 1883, 182 (Myiarchusddlebury, Vermont, Dec. 9).— Langille, Our Birds 

 in their Haunts, 1884,84, 85 (habits; song).— Bicknell, Auk, ii, 1885, 250 

 (song).— ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 858, part.— American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 501, part. —Thompson, Trans. 

 Canad. Inst., i, 1890, 3 (Toronto, Ontario, Jan., Feb.).— Goss, Birds Kansas, 

 1891, 400 (abundant in e. and middle, rare in w. Kansas). — Beal, Year- 

 book U. S. Dept. Agric. for 1895, 420-426, fig. 110 (food, etc.).— Nehrling, 

 Our Native Birds, etc.,ii, 1896, 159, pi. 29, fig. 5.— Knight, Bull. Univ. Myiarchusine, 

 no. 3, 1897, 87 (rare summer resident). — Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 40 

 , (Myiarchusskoka and Port Sydney, n. Ontario, summer). — Brewster, Auk, xviii, 

 1901, 194 (Rangely, Myiarchusine, 1 spec, Apr. 21). 



S[turnella'] magiia Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 406. — Ridgway', Myiarchusn. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1887, 372. 



[^Slurnella magna"] var. magna Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 172. 



\_Stm-nella magna'] a. magna Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 190 (synonymy). 



Stumella magna magna Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, i, Feb. 28, 1899, 20, 

 in text. 



(?) [Stumus] ludovidanus LiNN.i;ns, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 290 ("Louisiana;" 

 based on Stumus ludovidanus Brisson, Orn., ii, p. 449, pi. 41, fig. 1). — Gmelin, 

 Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 802.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 323. 



Stumus ludovidanus Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 180. — Nut- 

 tall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 147.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 

 216, part; v, 1839, 492, pi. 136. 



Stumella ludovidana Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 282.— Audubon, Syn- 

 opsis, 1839, 148, part (includes )S'. neglecta) . — Solater, Ibis, 1861, 177 (Suf- 

 folk, England); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 30 (do.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 139.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 23 (monogr.).— Scott, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 145 (Johnson Co., w. Myiarchusssouri). 



[Stumella] todoOTciana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 429. 



Cadeus alaudarius Datjdin, Traits d' Orn., ii, 1800, 325 (based on Stumus ludovi- 

 danus and Alauda magna Linnaeus). 



Sltun^lla] collaris Vieillot, Enc. M^th. , ii, 1823, 633 ( cites Stumus ludovidanus and 

 Alauda magna Linnaeus, etc. ) . 



Stumella collaris Vieillot, Gal. Ois., i, 1834, 134. 



Stumus collaris Waqlee, Syst. Av., 1827, Stumus, sp. 1. 




360 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Slumella colaris Vieillot, Gal. Ois., i, 1834, pi. 90. 



ISturnella magna.'] a. Subsp. typica Sclatbe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 358, 

 in list of specimens (District Columbia; New York; Illinois). 



STURNELLA MAGNA ARGUTULA Bangs. 



SOUTHERN KEADOWIAEK. 



Similar to S. m. magna, but decidedly smaller and coloration 

 darker; upper parts with relatively more black (this prevailing on 

 back in breeding season), the brown markings deeper or more decidedly 

 brown (varying from raw umber to mummy brown); yellow of under 

 parts averaging deeper; white on lateral rectrices more restricted. 



Adult male.— hengih {skins), 205.5-234.7 (219.2); wing, 104.6-118.9 

 (111.8); tail, 67.6-78.5 (72.9); culmen, from base, 30.5-35.1 (32.8); 

 tarsus, 39.4-43.9 (41.4); middle toe, 27.4-31.8 (29.2).' 



Adult female.— 'Length (skins), 191.8-199.4 (197.1); wing, 95.3- 

 101.6 (99.1); tail, 60.2-67.1 (63); culmen, from base, 27.9-30.2 (28.7); 

 tarsus, 36.3-40.6 (38.4); middle toe; 25.9-30.2 (27.4).' 



Lower Austral or Austroriparian life-zone of eastern United States, 

 from Florida, the Carolinas (?), etc., to Louisiana, and north through 

 lower Myiarchusssissippi Valley to southeastern Illinois (Richland, Lawrence, 

 and Wabash counties) and southwestern Indiana (Knox County).' 



' Sixteen specimens. 

 '^ Eight specimens. 

 Average measurements according to locality are as follows: 



'I feel compelled to refer to this form the meadow-larks breeding in the lower 

 Wabash Valley, for the reason that they agree far more closely in size and coloration 

 with Louisiana and Florida birds than they do with those from the upper Myiarchusssis- 

 sippi Valley, eastern Myiarchusddle States, and other portions of the Upper Austral life-zone— 

 those of the Transition zone being still more different. The measurements given 

 above will, when compared with those of S. m. magna on page 358, clearly show their 

 status as based on measurements. Regarding their coloration, it may be said that 

 no difference worthy of consideration seems to exist when birds taken in the breed- 

 ing season are compared (winter birds from the lower Myiarchusssissippi Valley are unfor- 

 tunately not available), though Florida specimens seem, as a rule, to have the black 

 jugular crescent slightly narrower than others. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



361 



SturneHa ludovidana {notiSlurnun ludmicumm Linnasus) Allen-, Buli. Myiarchuss. Comp. 



ZooL, ii, 1871, 288, expl. syn. (e. Florida; crit). 

 Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna. Linnajua) Merriam, Am. Nat., viii 1874 



87 (Okahumkee, Florida).— Myiarchus ynard. Birds E. N. Am., 188l[ 139, part 



(Florida).— Bbyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 105 (Louisiana, 



breeding). 

 SlumeUa magna mexicana (not Sturnella mexicana Sclater) Chapman, Auk, v, 



1888, 273 (Gainesville, Florida; orit.).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, .32o' (Tarpon 



Springs, etc., Florida; crit.).— Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds ii 1895 



461, part. 

 Sturnella magna argutida Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Soc, i, Feb. 28, 1899, 20 



(Dunedin, Hillsboro Co., Florida; coll. E. A.and O. Bangs).— Allen, Auk, 



xviii, 1901, 174 (republication of original descr.). 



STURNELLA MAGNA HOOPESI Stone. 



TEXAS MEADOWLARK. 



Similar to S. m. magna, but yellow of under parts deeper even 

 than in S. m. argutula, and of a slightly (sometimes decidedly) orange 

 hue; coloration of upper parts paler, with black bars on tertials and 

 middle rectrices more frequently isolated, as well as narrower; size of 

 upper Myiarchusssissippi Valley specimens of S. m. magna. 



Adadt male.—Length (skins), 200.7-230.6 (215.6); wing, 113-126 

 (117.1); tail, 63.5-79.2 (72.4); culmen, from base, 30.2-35.6 (33.3); 

 tarsus, 37.8-44.4 (41); middle toe, 24.1-33 (28.7).' 



Adult female.—Length (skins), 195.6-205.7 (200.1); wing, 100.3- 

 109.7 (106.4); tail, 64-73.7 (68.3); culmen, from base, 30.5-33.5 

 (31.7); tarsus, 36.8-39.4 (37.8); middle toe, 27.4-30.5 (28.7).' 



Southeastern Texas and westward through Rio Grande Valley and 

 southern New Mexico (San Luis Springs, Guadalupe Mountams, etc.) 

 to southern Arizona (Calabasas, San Bernardino Ranch, Sachill, etc.); 

 southward into Sonora(San Pedro, Cachuta, Nacory, Santa Cruz River, 

 etc.). Chihuahua (San Diego), and Tamaulipas (also probablj' Coahuila 

 and Nuevo Leon). 



' Twenty-seven specimens. 



^Nine specimens (all from Texas). 



Adult males from different localities average as follows: 



Locality. 



Eight adult males from Corpus Christi, Texas (measured by 



R.Ridgway) 



Eight adult males from other parts of Texas (measured by 



J.H.Riley) 



Nine adult males from Mexican boundary (New Mexico 



and .\rizona) 



Two adult males from southern Tamaulipas 



Three adult males of S. m. mexicana from Guanajuato, Du- 



rango, and Myiarchuschoacan 



Wing. 



116.8 

 116.6 



119.2 

 116.1 



Tail. 



74.9 

 73.9 



69.6 

 72.4 



70.1 



Culmen, 



34.8 

 33.8 



32 

 31.7 



Tarsus. 



42.9 

 40.6 



39.9 

 40.6 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



30.9 

 28.2 



26.7 

 30.5 



25 




362 BTJLLEtllSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MCfSEtJM. 



Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linnaeus) Butchek, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, Dec.).— Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. 

 Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 24 (Brownsville, Texas).— Merrili, Proc. IT. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 133 (Fort Brown, Texas, winter).— (?) Ogilby, Sci. Proc. Eoy. 

 Dubl. Soc.iii, 1882 (45) (Navarro Co., Texas, Oct. to Feb.).— Neheling, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 166 (Harris Co., s. e. Texas, resident).— 

 Hancock, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 18 (Corpus Christi, Texas).— 

 Ehoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892,-108 (Corpus Christi, Texas).— Sing- 

 ley, Rep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 371 (Corpus Christi, Rio Grande City, and 

 Hidalgo, Texas). — Bendire, Life Hist. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 458, part(Texas). — 

 Carroll, Auk, xvii, 1900, 345 (Refugio Co., Texas, breeding). 



S[iurnella'] mexicana (not of Sclater) Brewer, Ibis, 1878, 487 (Fort Brown, 

 Texas). 



Sturnella mexicana Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 152 (Fort Brown, 

 Texas) . 



Sltirnella magna var. mexicana [Ridgway and] Merrill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Myiarchuss.,i, 

 1878, 134, excl. syn. (Fort Brown, Texas, summer resident). 



[Sturnella, magna.'] Var. mexicana Ogilby, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soc, iii, 1882 

 (45) (Navarro Co., Texas, summer resident; habits). 



Sturnella magna mexicana Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 90; Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., v, 1893, 37 (San Diego, n. w. Chihuahua; San Pedro, 

 Cachuta, and Nacory, n. e. Sonera). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 

 1880, 183, 218, 232; Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 263o.— Beewsteb, Auk,ii, 

 1885, 198 (Crittenden, Arizona, July). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 501a.— Bendieb, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 461, 

 part, pi. 6, fig. 22 (Fort Brown, etc., s. Texas; Myiarchustamoras, Tamaulipas).— 

 CooKB, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 167 (Rio Grande and Eagle Pass, Texas). 



S\lurnella'\ m^agna] mexicana Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 406, part. 



S\turnella] magna mexicana Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 372, part. 



Sturnella magna hooped Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat., Sci. Phila., Myiarchusr., 1897, 149 

 (Brownsville, Texas; coll. J. Hoopes'). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Auk, xvi, 1899, 113 (Check List, no. 501a). 



STURNELLA MAGNA MEXICANA (Sclater). 

 MEXICAN UEABOWLARE, 



Similar to S. m. hoopesi, but averaging smaller, especially tail and 

 bill; brown markings of upper parts more decidedly brown, the paler 

 markings decidedlj^ buffy, especially the median crown-stripe; black 

 markings of back and rump more solidly black, those of the former 

 more confluenl; black postocular stripe broader; black jugular cres- 

 cent averaging narrower; yellow of under parts (while equally deep) 

 decidedly duller, inclining to saffron yellow. 



.4rZ;//i;TOaZ<3.— Length (skins), 210.3-243.6 (221); wing, 110.2-121.4 

 (116.1); tail, 64-72.4(69.6); culmen, from base, 29.5-33.5(31); tarsus, 

 38.1-43.4 (40.9); middle toe, 25.7-31.6 (29.7).' 



Adultfemale.— L&ngth. {skin), 1^%.1\ wing, 97.3-99.1 (98); tail (one 



'Type now in collection of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 

 " Eleven specimens. 




SlRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



36g 



specimen), 66; culmen, from base, 29.2-31.8 (30.6); tarsus, 35.8-38.6 

 (37.1); middle toe, 25.4-28.5 (26.9).' 



Southern portion of Mexican pl^tteau, in States of Vera Cruz, 

 Puebla, Oaxaca (northern and western), Guanajuato, Durango, Jalisco, 

 etc., and Territory of Tepic; also, highlands of southeastern Oaxaca, 

 Chiapas, and Guatemala.^ 



Stuniella magna (not Alauda magna Linnaeus) Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., n. s., i, 



1827, 436 (Real del Monte, Hidalgo).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 



1886, 358, part. 

 St[umeUa] hippocrepis {notStumw hippocrepis Wagler) Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 



1850, 429, part (Mexico). 

 Stumella hippocrepw Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Cordova, Vera 



Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 381 (Oaxaca).— Sclater and Salvin, 



Ibis, 1859, 19 (Duenas, Guatemala).— Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 34 



(Duenas). 

 Stumella mexicanaSchATER, Ibis, 1st ser., iii, Apr., 1861, 179(Jalapa, Cordova, and 



Orizaba, Vera Cruz; coll P. L. Sclater?) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 139 (Jalapa).— 



Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 24 (Mexico; Guatemala). 

 [Stumella magna'] var. m^xicana Baird, Brewer, aijd Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, ii, 1874, 172, part. 

 Stumella magna var. mexicana Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 24 



(Barrio and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca). 

 \_Sturnella magna] d. mexicana Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 190, part (synonymy). 

 Stumella ludoviciana mexicana SchATmi, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 26, part. 

 Stumella magna mexicana American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 



no. 501a, part. — Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 152 (Llano 



de Chapulco and Chietla, Puebla). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 



Aves, i, 1887, 456, part (descr. eggs). 

 [Stumella magna.] c. Subsp. mexicana Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 



360, in list of specimens, part (localities in Mexico and Guatemala). 

 [Stumella] ludcmciana (not Stumus ludovieianus Linnaeus) Sclater and Salvin, 



Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part. 

 Stumella ludovidana. Boucabd, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 36. 

 Stum[ella] ? Scmichrast, Mem. Best. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 552, part (plateau 



region, Vera Cruz). 

 (?) SturneUa magna alticola Nelson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 266 (Ocuilapa, Chiapas; 



coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



^ With the same material before me I can not satisfactorily make out Myiarchus. Nelson's 

 S. m. alticola (Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 266) as a sufficiently well-characterized subspe- 

 cies. Myiarchus. Nelson compares it primarily with S. m. magna, but I fail to understand 

 his reason for doing so, its very close relationship to S- m. mexicana being obvious. 

 The specimens from the highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas are not, however, in 

 satisfactory plumage, and possibly I may be in error in uniting the supposed form to 

 S. m. mexicana. 




364 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



STURNELLA MAGNA INEXPECTATA Ridgway. 

 CENTRAL AUERICAir KEADOWLASE. 



Similar to S. m. mexicana^ but decidedly smaller; plumage of upper 

 parts still more decidedly brownish; yellow of under parts clearer or 

 purer. 



Adult maZ<^— Length (skins), 1T9.1-235.7 (199.9); wing, 94.7-111 

 (103.6); tail, 57.9-77.7 (67.8); culmen, from base, 27.4r-32.5 (30.2); 

 tarsus, 37.6-44.2 (38.4); middle toe, 27.9-31.2 (27.4).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 170.4-216.7 (197.6); wing, 90.2-98.6 

 (94.5); tail, 58.9-67.3 (62); culmen, from base, 26.4-30.2(28.6); tarsus, 

 35.6-39.1 (37.8); middle toe, 26.9-29.7 (27.9).' 



Atlantic lowlands of southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz 

 (Myiarchusnatitlan) and Chiapas (Palenque), and southward through eastern 

 Guatemala and Honduras (Segovia River) to Costa Rica and Veragua.^ 



Stumella ludovieicma (not Stumus ludomcianus Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1856, 143 (David, Chiriqui).— Taylor, Ibis, 1860,317 (Honduras).— 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 191 ( Veragua) ; 1867, 142 (David, Chiri- 

 qui). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (San Jos6, Costa Eica). — 

 BoucABD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 59 (Cartago, etc., Costa Rica). 



Stumella hippocrepis (not Stumus hippocrepis Wagler) Mooeb, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond.. 1859, 58 (near Belize, British Honduras, on pine ridges). 



Stumella mexicana (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 177 

 (David, Chiriqui).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (Veragua).— 

 Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10. 



IStumella magna] var. mexicana Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 172, part. 



Stumella magna mexicana Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (San 

 Jos6, Alajuela, Cartago, and Santa Ana, Costa Rica) . — Cferrie, Auk, vii, 

 1890, 334 (San Jos6, Costa Rica); ix, 1892, 250 (San Jos6). 



' Seventeen specimens. 



* Ten specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 



" I am doubtful aa to the correctness of referring the birds from Costa Rica and Verar 

 gua to this form. They are considerably larger, and apparently more richly colored, 

 though the series of specimens is not suflScient to show whether the apparent differ- 

 ences are constant. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



365 



[Stumella magna. ] c. Subsp. mexicana Sclateh, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. , xi, 1886, 360, 



in list of specimens, part (localities in Costa Eica, Veragua, and Chiriqui) 

 Stumella ludoviciana mexicana Sclatee, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 26, part. 

 Slum{elM\ ? Sumichkast, Mem. Bost. See. N. H., i, 1869, 552, part (hot 



region. Vera Cruz). 

 Stumella magna inexspectata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, sig. 37, Aug. 6, 



1888, 587 (Segovia River, Honduras; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 S[lumella'] magna inexpectata Stoiss, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1897, 152. 

 Stumella magna inexpectata'B AUGs, Auk., xviii, 1901, 370 (David, Chiriqui). 

 Stumella magna {not Alauda magna Linnaeus) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi 



1886, 358, part.— Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Volcan de Myiarchusravalles,. Costa 



Eica). 



STURNELLA NEGLECTA Audubon. 

 WESTERN MEADOWIAKK. 



Similar to S. i7iagna hoopesi, but different in proportions, the wing 

 averaging longer, the tail, tarsi, and toes shorter; coloration much 

 grayer and more "broken" above, the broad lateral crown stripes 

 never uniform black, but always (except in excessively worn plumage) 

 more or less conspicuously streaked with pale grayish brown; malar 

 region always largely yellow, usually including both anterior and 

 extreme posterior portions; blackish streaks on sides and flanks varied 

 with spots of pale grayish brown, the ground color of these parts 

 paler buffj' (often white, scarcely if at all tinged with buff); black 

 jugular crescent averaging decidedly narrower. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 211.1-267.3 (232.7); wing, 118.4-129 

 (125); tail, 68.3-82.6 (75.7); culmen, from base, 29. 7-36. 6 (33.3); tarsus, 

 36.6-41.7 (38.9); middle toe, 25.4-28.5 (26.9).^ 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 196.6-228.6 (211.3); wing, 104.6- 

 116.6 (110.7); tail, 60.7-72.1 (65.8); culmen, from base, 27.7-32.5 (30.5); 

 tarsus, 33.5-37.6 (36.3); middle toe, 22.9-26.7 (25.1).' 



' Twenty-three specimens. 



^ Fourteen specimens. 



Specimens from east and west of Rocky Mountains average, respectively, as follows: 



Locality. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Eight adult males from east of Kooky Mountains (Myiarchusnne- 

 sota to Texas) 



Seven adult males from Great Basin and Arizona 



Six adult males from west of Sierra Nevada and Cascades. 



One adult male from Vancouver Island 



One adult male from Cape St. Lucas 



FEMALES. 



Three adult females from east of Kocky Mountains 



Six adult females irom Great Basin and Arizona 



Pour adult females from California 



One adult female from Cape St. Lucas 



26.9 

 26.7 

 26.9 

 27.7 

 27.4 



25.9 

 25.1 

 24.6 

 22.9 



I am not able to discern any variation of coloration according to locality, speci- 

 mens from extreme parts of the range of the species being, apparently, quite identical 

 in this respect. 




366 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Western United States, southwestern British Provinces, and north- 

 western Mexico; east to prairie districts of Myiarchusssissippi Valley, in Myiarchusn- 

 nesota, Iowa, Myiarchusssouri, Indian Territory, and Texas (occasionally to 

 Illinois, Wisconsin, and southern Myiarchuschigan^); north to southern British 

 Columbia, southern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, and western 

 Myiarchusnitoba; south over northern Mexico to States of Tamaulipas (Myiarchusta- 

 tooras, etc.), Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Durango, Jalisco 

 (Tonila), and Sinaloa (Myiarchuszatlan; Altata).^ 



StumeUa ludovidana (not Sturnus ludomcianus Linnseua?) Audubon, Synopsis, 

 1839, 148, part.— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 128 (e. Kansas), 

 157 (South Park, Colorado). 



[Sturnella] ludovidana Sclater and Salyin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part. 



Stumella neglecia Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1843, 339, pi. 489 (upper 

 Myiarchusssouri R. , above Fort Ci-oglian ) . — Woodhousb, Eep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni 

 and Col. R., 1853, 78 (Indian Territory; Texas; New Mexico). — Newbbeby, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 86 (Sacramento Valley, California). — 

 Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331; Rep. Pacific R. E. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 537; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19 

 (Myiarchustamoraa, Tamaulipas; Coahuila; Espia, Sonora; San Elizario, Texas; 

 Fort Yuma and San Diego, California) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 407. — 

 Kennekly, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. iv, 1859, 31 (Texas, New Mexico, 

 etc.). — Heeemann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 54 (California). — 

 Xantis, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 192 (Fort Tejon, California).— 

 Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico). — Cooper and 

 SucKLEY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 208 (California; Oregon; 

 Washington).— Sclater, Ibis, 1861, 179.— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 492 (San 

 Antonio, Texas, chiefly in winter). — Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 

 23 (monogr.).— CouEs, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 91 (Fort Whipple, 

 Arizona). — Butcher, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texaa; 

 Oct., Nov.).— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 270.— TpippE, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 1872, 239 (Decatur and Myiarchushaaka counties, Iowa, breeding; habits; notes; 

 crit.).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 (e. Kansas, abundant).— Baird, 

 Brewer, and Rldgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 34, fig. 1.— 

 RIDGWAY, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 506 (Sacramento, California; localities in 

 Nevada and Utah; habits, song, etc.); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 264; 

 Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 317.— Allen (J. A.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 123 (Ingham Co., Myiarchusch., Sept. 28 to Oct. 19).— MyiarchusGeb, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, V, 1880, 53 (Chickasaw, Floyd, and Myiarchustchell counties, n. e. Iowa, and 

 MowerCo., s. e. Myiarchusnnesota, Myiarchusy; intermediates said to have been observed).- 

 Allen (C. N.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 145 (song).— Ogilby, Sci. Proc. 

 Roy. Dubl. Soc, iii, 1882, (46), (Navarro Co., Texas, resident).— Bblding, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 531 (Cerros I., Lower California); vi, 1883, 

 351 (La Paz, Lower California). 



[StumeUa] neglecta Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 429. 



Sltumella'] neglecta Coubs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 406. 



'Accidentally to Myiarchusssachusetts (Bristol)?. 



^It is difficult, with the material examined (so many specimens being without 

 dates), to determine how far southward in Mexico this species breeds. It certainly 

 does breed entirely across the continent, from the coast of Texas (Corpus Christi, 

 etc.) to the coast of California, in the same localities with S. magna hoopesi, both 

 forms breeding on both sides of the United States-Mexican boundary line. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 367 



Stumella ludovkiana, v^r. neglecia Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool.,iii, July, 1872, 

 138 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas), 146 (Cheyenne, Wyoming), 150 (e. Colorado)' 

 168 (Ogden, Utah), 178 (summary 'of localities); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xvii, 1874, 46, 48, 60 (North Dakota and Montana; descr. eggs) . 



Slumdla ludoviciana mglecta Sclater, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 25. 



Sturnella magna, var. neglecta B.^ird, Brewer, and Ridg-svay, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 176.— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 (Myiarchuszatlan] 

 Sinaloa).— EiDGWAY, Bull. Essex Inst, vii, 1875, 37 (Nevada). 



Sltumella'] magna var. neglecta Nelson, Bull. Esse.\ Inst., viii, 1876, 111, 152 

 (n. e. Illinois, summer resid.). 



[btumella magna.} Var. iieglecta Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, Oct., 1872, 157.— 

 Snow, Birds Kansas, 3d ed., 1875, 8. 



Sturnella magna . . . var. neglecta Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 214 a.— Ridg way. 

 Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov. 1873, 183 (Colorado) .—Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 

 100th Merid., 1875, 317 (localities in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Ari- 

 zona; habits). 



[Sturnella magna} var. neglecta BaiHd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 173. 



[Sturnella magna} b. neglecta Covks, Birds N. W., 1874, 190 (synonymy). 



Sturnella magna neglecia Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, Jan., 1875, 33 ("Wah- 

 satch Mts., Utah).— MyiarchusCauley, Bull. U. S. Geol. andGeog. Surv. Terr., iii, 

 1877, 668 (upper Red R. Valley, n. Texas; New Mexico; habits).— Coues, 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 603 (Pembina, North 

 Dakota, westward); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 322.— MyiarchusChesney, Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 79 (Fort Sisseton, South Dakota, 

 Apr. to Oct.).— GiBBs, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 488 

 (Myiarchuschigan, rare). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 501a.— Bryant (W. E.), Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci., no. 7, 1887, 293 (Guadalupe I., 

 Lower California, Ispec, Myiarchusr. 22. )— Hancock, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 

 2, 1887, 18 (Corpus Christi, Texas).— Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll., Alaska, 

 1887, 169 (Sitka, Alaska, fide Lord). — Kbyes and Williams, Proc. Davenp. 

 Ac. Sci., V, 1888, 26 (Floyd Co., Iowa; more numerous than S. magna). — 

 Beckham, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 671 (Corpus Christi ?, Beeville ?, 

 and San Antonio, Texas).— Cookb, BirdMyiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 167 (localities, 

 dates, etc.).— Mearns, Auk, vii, 1890, 257 (MogoUon Mts., Arizona, breed- 

 ing). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 401 (common in w. and mid., rare in e., 

 Kansas). — Fannin, Check List Birds Brit. Col., 1891, 33 (both sides Cas- 

 cade range; winters on Vancouver I.). — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 xiii, 1891, 573 (Myiarchusnitoba localities; habits; song). — Attwateh, Auk, ix, 

 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding). — Lawrence (R. H.), Auk, ix, 

 1892, 355 (Grays Harbor, Washington) .-Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 

 1894, 781 (s. Jalisco). — Anthony, Auk, xii, 1895, 140 (San Fernando, Lower 

 CaUfornia, winter). — Warren (0. B.), Auk, xii, 1895, 192 (Myiarchusrquette Co., 

 Myiarchuschigan, Ispec, Myiarchusy 10) . — Mead, Auk, xii, 1895, 302 (Racine, Wisconsin). — 

 Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1896, 462, pi. 6, figs. 23, 24 (eggs).— 

 Belding, Auk, xiii, 1896, 29 (songs); xv, 1898, 56 (do.). — Geinnell, Publ. 

 i, Pasadena Acad. Sci., 1897, 6 (Santa Barbara I., California), 16 (San 

 Clemente I.).— (??) Scuddbh, Auk, xv, 1898, 333 (Bristol Co., Myiarchusssa- 

 chusetts, 1 spec, Apr. 9, 1898'). — Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac Sci. for 1896-7 

 (1899), 222 (Altata, Sinaloa).— Carroll, Auk, xvii, 1900, 345 (Refugio Co., 

 Texas, winter resid. ). 



[StumeUa magna} var. neglecta Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 52 (east- 

 ward range, etc.). 



'Extremely doubtful. The specimen was not taken. 




368 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Situmella} magna neglecta Hbnshaw, Orn. Rep. Wheeler's Surv., 1879, 302 (e. 



base Sierra Nevada). —RIDGWAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 372. 

 Stumella ludomciana neglecta SOjAter, Ibis, 1884, 25 (monogr.). 

 [Sturnella magna'] b. Subap. neglecla Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 360, 



in list of specimens (Vancouver I., San Juan I., etc.). 

 Sturnella hippocrepus (not Stumus Uppocrepis Wagler) Hebrmann, Journ. Ac. 



Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., ii, 1852, 269 (Suisun Valley, California). 

 Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linnaeus) Sclatek, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 



xi, 1886, 358, part.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 



456, part (Coahuila; Espia; Myiarchuszatlan; Ciudad, Durango?). 



STURNELLA HIPPOCREPIS (Wagler). 

 CUBAN KEASOWLABE, 



Similar to ,1^. neglecta, but decidedly smaller (except bill and feet) 

 and coloration darker and browner above; malar region less exten- 

 sively yellow; black jugular crescent narrower; flanks and under 

 tail-coverts much more strongly buflfy; anal region yellow, like abdo- 

 men, instead of white or very pale buff, like under tail-coverts. 



Adult male.— hength (skins), 193.8-219.5 (208); wing, 96.5-107.2 

 (102.1); tail, 61.2-69.9 (65.8); oulmen, from base, 31.5-34 (32.3); 

 tarsus, 36.8-40.4 (38.6); middle toe, 26.2-28.7 (27.7).^ 



Adult female.— L,ength (skins), 186.7-216.1 (198.1); wing, 88.9- 

 101.1 (93.7); tail, 53.1-67.8 (60.2); culmen, from base, 29.2-32.5 (30.7); 

 tarsus, 35.1-39.4 (36.1); middle toe, 24.9-28.7 (25.9).' 



Island of Cuba (including Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles. 



Stumus hippocreph Wagler, Isis, 1832, 281, in text (Cuba) . 



Sturnella Uppocrepu Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 14 (critical).— Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1860, 266 (crit.).— Brewer, Proc. Best. Soc. N. H., 

 vii, 1860, 307.— Sclatek, Ibis, 1861, 179 (Cuba); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 139 

 (Cuba).— Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 206.— Gundlach, Journ. fur Orn., 

 1861, 332, 413; 1871, 276; 1874, 133.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 

 24 (monogr.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 222 (synonymy and descr.); viii, 1891, 

 294 (Cuba); Birds W. I., 1889, 109 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 14, 110, 

 129 (Cuba; Isle of Pines).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 304 

 (Trinidad Valley, Cuba; song, etc.; crit.). 



S\tumella\ hippocrepis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 



slturneUa'] Mppocrepis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 429, part ("Antilles"). 



IStumella] hippocrepis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 



IStumella magna'] var. hippocrepis Baird, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 172. 



[Sturnella magna] c. hippocrepis Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 190 (synonymy). 



Sturnella hidoviciana hippocrepis Sclater, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 25 (monogr.). 



{Sturnella magna] d. Subsp. hippocrepis Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 360, in list of specimens (San Cristobal, Cuba). 



Sturnella ludomdana (not Stumus ludovicianus Linnaeus) Vigors, Zool. Journ., m, 

 no. xi, 1827, 442 (Cuba). 



IStumella] ludomdana Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part 

 (Cuba). 



' Nine specimens. " Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 369 



Slumella magna {not Alauda magna Linnaeus) Sclatek, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 358 (Cuba).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 

 456, part (Cuba) . 



Genus DOLICHONYX Swainson. 



Dolichonyx Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 351; Philos. Myiarchusg., newser., i, June, 

 1827, 435. (Type, Pringilla oryzivora LinniBUS.) 



Small, semiterrestrial Icteridse with short finch-like bill, acuminate 

 rectrices, long tarsi, very long middle toe, and long slender claws; 

 adult male black varied with buff and whitish in spring and summer; 

 adult male in fall and winter, adult female at all seasons, and young 

 brownish yellow, conspicuously streaked above. 



Bill much shorter than head, conical, compressed, its basal depth 

 greater than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width 

 nearly the same, or about equal to length of gonys; culmen nearly 

 straight, but slightly convex terminally,- the base elevated and more 

 or less arched, the middle portion sometimes slightly depressed; gonys 

 straight or very faintly convex, nearly equal to distance from nostril 

 to tip of maxilla; maxillary tomium slightly concave terminally and 

 subbasally, slightly convex in middle, the basal portion decidedly and 

 rather abruptly deflexed from beneath posterior end of nostril to 

 rictus; mandibular tomium straight or nearly so to near base where 

 abruptly deflexed to the rictus. Nostril above lateral median line of 

 the maxilla, rather large, oval, with distinct superior operculum, the 

 feathering of the loral antise extending beneath to about its middle. 

 Wing long (about six and a half times as long as culmen, more than 

 three and a half times as long as tarsus), with the tip much produced 

 (longest primaries exceeding secondaries by more than length of 

 tarsus), pointed; outermost (ninth) primary nearly or quite equal to 

 eighth, sometimes longer; ninth, ninth and eighth, or eighth primaries 

 longest, the seventh but little shorter; ninth and eighth (sometimes also 

 theseventh) primaries with inner webs very slightly emarginated near 

 tip, the termination of the broader portion forming, in adults, a more 

 or less distinct tooth-like projection or point; longest tertial projecting 

 decidedly beyond secondaries. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing, 

 rounded, the rectrices rigid and with abruptly acuminate tips. Tarsus 

 long (about one and three-fourths times as long as culmen), slender, 

 its anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with claw, longer than tarsus; 

 claws of lateral toes falling decidedly short of base of middle claw; 

 hallux about as long as lateral toes, stouter, its claw nearly or quite 

 equal in length to the digit; all the claws very slender, acute, not 

 strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult male in spring and early summer black varied 

 by a large buff or buff'y whitish nuchal patch, the scapulars, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts white tinged with gray; adult male after summer 

 3654^voL 2—01 24 




370 BULLETIN" 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



molt, adult female at all seasons, and young, brownish above, con- 

 spicuously streaked with black and buffy, brownish buffy or yellowish 

 beneath. 



Bange. — Eastern and central temperate North America; West 

 Indies and South America in winter. (Monotypic.) 



DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS (Linnsus). 



BOBoinrE. 



Adult male hi, .yyrmg. — General color black; hindneck buff; scapu- 

 lars, rump, and upper tail-coverts white, more or less tinged with gray, 

 especially the upper rump, which is sometimes uniform gray; inter- 

 scapulars more or less edged with buff, forming streaks, especially 

 along the median line; tertials and innermost greater wing-coverts 

 margined with pale yellowish passing terminally into grayish brown; 

 longer primaries narrowly edged with pale yellowish; inner webs of 

 rectrices more or less broadly tipped with grayish; feathers of flanks 

 and under tail-coverts more or less distinctly margined with buffy or 

 whitish; thighs with feathers on outer side more broadly margined 

 with buff; bill black; legs and feet dusky brownish; iris brown. 



Adult male in summer. — Similar to the spring plumage, but nape 

 white, or nearly so, and whitish or buffy margins to flank feathers and 

 under tail-coverts almost absent, from abrasion. 



Adult female in spring. — General color above light buffy olive; 

 pileum with a broad median stripe of pale buffy olive or olive-buff, and 

 two broad lateral stripes of black, the latter streaked with light buffy 

 olive; back broadly streaked with black, the edges of some of the 

 feathers light olive-buff, producing two nearly parallel narrow stripes 

 when the plumage is properly arranged; rump feathers and upper tail- 

 coverts with more or less distinct (usually mostly concealed) central 

 wedge-shaped or sagittate streaks of dusky; wings and tail dusky, with 

 conspicuous edgings of pale yellowish and light grayish olive; sides 

 of head (including a broad superciliary stripe), sides of neck, and 

 under parts light olive-buffy, more decidedly buffy or yellowish across 

 chest and along sides and flanks, paler and straw yellow or yellowish 

 white on throat and abdomen; sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts 

 broadly streaked with dusky; a narrow dusky postocular stripe; bill 

 brown, paler on mandible, darker on terminal portion of maxilla; iris 

 brown; legs and feet light brown (in dried skins). 



Adult female in summer. — Similar to the spring plumage, but upper 

 parts with the ground-color paler and grayer and the black streaks 

 more sharply defined; under parts rather paler. 



Adult feni(de in winter. — Similar to the spring plumage, but more 

 richly colored, especially the under parts. 



Adult male in fall amd winter. — Similar in coloration to the adult 

 female, but larger. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



371 



Young, first fall rmd inhiter. — SimiUir to (and not with certainty 

 distinguishable from ?) the adult female. 



Young, first pliuiiar/e.—':^\vD.\\2iY to the adult female, but "entire 

 plumage, particularly below, of a more buffy color; there is a necklace 

 of faint dusky spots across the breast, and the flank streaks are almost 

 indistinguishable. " ' 



Adult vuile. — Length (skins), 160-lSS (169.2); wing, !l?>.7-101.6 

 (97.5); tail, 62.7-68.6(65.3); culmen, from base, 14.7-17.5 (15.5); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.4-11.7 (1(».9); tarsus, -MA-2^.b (27.4); middle toe, 

 20.3-22.4(21.3).' 



Admit /ema/('.— Length (skins), 152.4-166.4 (158); wing, 85.1-89.7 

 (87.4); tail, 58.7-64.5 (61); culmen, from base, 14.5-15.6 (1.5); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 24.i»-27.2 (25.9); middle toe, 

 18. 5-2L 1(20.1).^ 



Eastern and central temperate North America; breeding from Penn- 

 sylvania, northwestern West Virginia (Fairview), central Ohio, central 

 Indiana (south to Vigo, Tippecanoe, Clinton, Myiarchusrion, Myiarchusdison, Dela- 

 ware, Wayne, and Union counties), northern Illinois, southern Iowa 

 (Decatur and Myiarchushaska counties). South Dakota, and Utah, northward 

 to provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Myiarchusnitoba, Assiniboia, and British 

 Columbia (both sides of Cascade range), to about 40° on the Atlantic 

 coast and 52° in the interior; west to Utah (Salt Lake and Utah val- 

 leys), northeastern Nevada (Ruby Valley), Idaho (St. Joseph River), 

 and southeastern British Columbia (Chilliwack) ; during migration 

 southward through West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, .Jamaica, Vieque, 

 Sombrero, Barbados, Grenada), arid the Atlantic coast of Central 

 America (from Yucatan southward) to South America, as far as Para- 

 guay, southern Brazil, Bolivia, etc. ; also to the Galapagos Archipelago 

 (James, Charles, and Chatham islands), and the Bermudas. 



[Fringilla^ oryzivora LiNNiBUs, Syst. Nat., eil. 10, i, 1758, 179 (based on ..1ms 

 arundmacea" Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 1758, pi. 291, smaller fig.). 



^Chapman, The Auk, vi, 1890, 121. I have not been able to examine a specimen 

 of the young in first plumage. 

 ^Twenty specimens. 

 ^ Eight specimens. 

 Eastern and western specimens compare in average measurements as follows: 




372 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



lEmheriza^ oryzivora Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 311. — Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat., i, 1788, 880.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 408. 



Emberiza oryzivora Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 48, pi. 12, figs. 1, 2. 



Dolkhonyx oryzworus Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 351; Philos. Myiarchusg. n. s., i, 

 1827, 435 (tableland of Mexico). — Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Ber.- 

 Ara., ii, 1831, 278. — Bonaparte, Geog. and Oomp. List, 1838, 29. — Audubon, 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 10, pi. 211. — Gould, in Darwin's Zool. Voy. 

 "Beagle," iii, 1841, 106 (James I., Galapagos). — Gossb, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 

 229. — HuRDis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 8 (Bermudas, autumn). — Wood- 

 house, in Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuniand Col. R., 1853, 81 (Indian Territory; 

 Texas).— Cabanis, Journ. fur Orn., iv, 1856, 11 (Cuba). — Baikd, Rep. Pacific 

 B. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 522, 927 (Fort Bridger, Wyoming); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 399.— Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 266 (upper Myiarchusssouri R.).— 

 ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 72 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); 1861, 74 

 (Jamaica); Ibis, 1884, 2 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 331 

 (Nevis, Lesser Antilles; Oozumel I.; n. Yucatan; British Honduras; Chepo 

 and Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Panama; Santa Myiarchusrta and Bogota, Colombia; 

 Caracas, Venezuela; Camacusa, British Guiana; Cayenne; Rio Javari, upper 

 Amazons, etc.).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— 

 Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 197 (Jamaica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., viii, 1864, 99 (Sombrero, W. I.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 616 

 (Grenada). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 15 (monogr.; Rio 

 Negro; La Plata; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Cuba; Jamaica). — Salvin, Ibis, 

 1864, 386 (Lighthouse Beef, etc., British Honduras) ; 1866, 194 (Belize, British 

 Honduras); 1885, 191 (Cozumel I.), 218 (British Guiana); Trans. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 491 (James I., Galapagos). — Cooper, Am. Nat., iii, 

 1869, 78 (Montana); Orn. Cal., 1870, 255 (Ruby Valley, Nevada).— Pelzeln, 

 Orn. Bras., 1871, 199 (Myiarchusttogrosso). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1870, 781 (Merida, Venezuela); 1876, 16 ( Paucartambo, Peru); 1879, 

 509 (Medellin, Colombia).— Teippb, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 238 

 (Decatur and Myiarchushaska counties, s. Iowa, breeding; habits). — Allen, Bull. 

 Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 168, 178 (Ogden, Utah, breeding ?); Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 59 (bet. Myiarchusssouri and Yellowstone rivers, Montana); 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., ii, 1889, 84 (Falls of Myiarchusdeira, Bolivia); iii, 1891,379 

 (Corumba, prov. Myiarchusttogrosso, s. w. Brazil, Myiarchusr. 1) ; xiii, 1900, 163 (Cienega, 

 etc. , prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Sept. , Oct. ) ; Auk, xvii, 1900, 365 (Cienega, 

 and Bonda, Colombia).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 210; 2d ed., 1882, no. 

 312; Birds Northwest, 1874, 178; Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 

 1878, 599 (Pembina, North Dakota, westward; Rocky Mta., lat. 49°; hab- 

 its).— Meeriam, An. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872 (1873), 686 (Ogden, 

 Utah, June); Trans. Conn. Acad., iv, 1877, 45 (Connecticut, breeding).— 

 Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, (breeding); 3d ed.,1875, 7 (do.). — Baird, Bkewek, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 149, pi. 32, figs. 4, 5.— Gundlach, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 129 (Cuba) . — Yarrow and Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. 

 Wheeler's Surv., 1871-73 (1874), 19 (Provo, Uuh, breeding).— Henshaw, 

 Zool. Exp. W. 100th Mend., 1875, 311 (Provo, Utah; Huerfano, Colorado, 

 Myiarchusy).— RIDGWAY, Bull, Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 23 (Ruby Valley, Nevada), 30 

 (Salt Lake Valley, Utah); Field and Forest, 1877, 208 (Colorado); Nom. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1881, no. 257; Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xix, 1897, 567 (James I., Gala- 

 pagos) ; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 307.— Nelson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 

 346 (Salt Lake City).— MyiarchusChesney, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 V, 1879, 78 (FortSisseton, South Dakota, Myiarchusy 19to July 29) .—Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 42 (descr. young). — Roberts and Benner, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 15 (Grant and Traverse counties, Myiarchusnnesota, breed- 

 ing).— Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 97; Auk, iii, 1886, 220 (West Indian ref- 




BIRDS. OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 373 



erences); vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman) ; viii, 1891, 351, 352 (Jnagua, Anguilla, 

 and Cay Sal, Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 107; Cat, \V. I. Birds, 1892, 110 

 (New Providence, Watlings, Gt. Inagua, Cay Sal, and Anguilla, Bahamas; 

 Cuba, Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, Cayman Brae, Jamaica, 

 and Vieque, Greater Antilles; Grenada and Barbados, Lesser Antilles).— 

 Myiarchusynaed, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 129.— Allen and Beewstek, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 192 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, I\Iay 18-23).— Bick- 

 NBLL, Auk, ii, 1885, 152 (song).— Agbesborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 282 (s.e. South 

 Dakota, breeding).— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 494.— Taczanowski, Orn. du Pgrou, ii, 1885, 421.— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Oentr.-Am. Aves, i, 1886, 448.— Beklepsch, Journ. fi'ir. Orn., 1887,116 

 (Paraguay); 1889, 3 (Tonantins, prov. Solimoes, n. w. Brazil, Myiarchusy 6).— 

 Keyes and Williams, Proo. Davenp. Ac. Nat. Sci., v, 1888, 24 (breeding in 

 centr. and n. Iowa).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 160 (dates, etc.); 

 Birds Colorado, 1897, 93 (summer resid. e. of mountains) ; Bull. Col. Agric. 

 Coll., no. 4, 1898, 163 (Denver, June; Colorado Springs, Sept. 5).— Chapman, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 39 (winter range and migration routes), 120 (changes of plum- 

 age) ; X, 1893, 309, pi. 7 (changes of plumage).— Rives, Cat. Birds Virginias, 

 1890, 69 (Fairview, West Virginia, breeding).— Smith (R. W.), Journ. Cine. 

 Soc. N. H. , 1891, 118 (Greene Co. , s. w. Ohio, breeding. )— BERLEPscnand Stolz- 

 MANN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1892, 378 (lea, Peru, Nov., Dec.).— Richmond, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x vi, 1893, 496 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Aug. to Oct. ) .— 

 Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 178 (Jamaica, Oct. to xVpr. ) .— Skillen, Auk, xi, 1894, 180 

 (changes of plumage). — Richmond and Knowlton, Auk, xi, 1894, 305 (Galla- 

 tin Valley, Montana, Aug., abundant). — Uleey and A\'allace, Proe. Ind. 

 Ac. Sci., 1895, 153 (Wabash, Indiana, breeding). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 429, pi. 6, figs. 1, 2 (eggs). — Butler, Proe. Ind. Ac. Sci., 

 1896, 227 (breeding south to Vigo, Boone, Myiarchusrion, and Decatur counties, 

 Indiana); Birds Indiana, 1897, 886 (breeding south to Vigo, Tippecanoe, 

 Clinton, Myiarchusrion, Myiarchusdison, Delaware, Wayne, and Union counties). — Obee- 

 holser. Bull. Ohio Agric. Station, tech. ser., i, no. 4, 1896, 301 (Wayne Co., 

 n. e. Ohio, abt. summer resid.). — Neheling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 

 235, pi. 29, figs. 1, 2.— Hadley, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1897, 188 (Richmond, 

 Wayne Co., Indiana, breeding). — Merrill, Auk, xv, 1898, 14 (St. Joseph 

 R., Idaho, breeding). — Rhoads, Auk, xvi, 1899, 312 (breeding in s. w. coun- 

 ties of Pennsylvania). — Rothschild and Haeteet, Novit. Zool., vi, 1890, 171 

 (James, Charles, and Chatham islands, Galapagos). — Fle.\iing, Auk, xviii, 

 1901, 40 (Elmsdale and Beaumaris, n. Ontario, Myiarchusy to Aug.). 



[DoUchonyx] oryzivorus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 155. — Sclater and 

 Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37.— Cory, List Birds W-. I., 1885, 14. 



D\_olichonyx] oryzivorus Cabanjs, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 187. — Nelson, Bull. Essex 

 Inst., viii, 1876, 111, 152 (n. e. Illinois, breeding). — Newton (A. and E. ), 

 Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 400.— 

 RIDGWAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 366. 



DoKchonyx orizivorus Jardine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 83 (Bermudas, autumn). — 

 Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 299 (Jamaica). 



[DoKchonyx} oryzivora Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 437. 



DoUchonyx oryzivora Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 138. — Willis, Ann. Rep. Smiths. 

 Inst, for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas).— Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134 

 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia; Bolivia). — Sclater and Salvin, Proe. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1876, 16 ( Paucartambo, high Peru). — Zeledon, Cat. Aves de Costa 

 Rica, 1882, 10. 



Dolichonix oryzivora Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 57. 



DoKchonyx orizyvora Beyant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 119 (New Provi- 

 dence, Baiiamas, Myiarchusy). 




374 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Ictmi.i agripennis Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iy, 1825, 48; Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 53.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 185.— 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 283, pi. 54; v, 1839, 486. 



Dolichonyx ai/ripennis Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1837, 176. 



Ps[arocolius] caudacutus Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, 32. 



Dolichonyx oryzivmus, var. albinucha Ridoway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 1873, 

 192 ("Myiarchusssouri plains and Rocky Mountains, west to Ruby Valley, Nevada; 

 Salt Lake Valley"); v, Dec. 1873, 198 ' (Ogden, Utah; coll. TJ. S. Nat.Myiarchuss.). 



[Dolichonyx oryzivorus'] var. albinucha Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, iii, 1874, 517, in text (characters). 



Dolichonyx oryzivorus . . . fi. albinuchus Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 500 

 (Ruby Valley, Nevada, Aug.; Salt Lake Valley, Utah, Myiarchusy; etc.). 



Dolichonyx oryzicoran albinucha American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 

 1886, no. 494a.— Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 321 ( w. Myiarchusnitoba, breeding).— Thomp- 

 son, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1891, 571 (range in Myiarchusnitoba; habits). 



Dlolichonyx} oryzivorus albinucha Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 366. 



Dolichonyx oryzhora albinucha Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 106 (British Columbia, 

 breeding on both sides of Cascade Range). 



Family CCEREBID^. 



THE HONEY CREEPERS. 



Small slender-, acute-, or hook-billed " uine-primaried " acutiplantar 

 Oscines with the tongue deeply incised (bifid or triiid) and fringed or 

 brushy at tip; transpalatine processes much reduced, forming minute 

 spikes or points; interpalatine spur abortive, or small; palatines pro- 

 duced backward over pterygoids. - 



Bill very variable in shape and relative length; sometimes rather 

 stout and bent wedge-shaped (i. e., the culmen decidedly convex, but 

 gonys straight); sometimes slender, slightly decurved terminally, and 

 as long as or longer than head {Cliloropliaiit'ti; Cyanerpes); sometimes 

 very acute at tip and more or less decurved {Cuerelxi; Daarvis), or much 

 compressed, with tip conspicuously hooked and angle of gonys pos- 

 terior to nostrils {Dlglossa; Dlglossopis). Nostril exposed, longitudi- 

 nal (linear or oval) overhung by membrane. Rictal bristles obvious 

 {C/ilorqpka7i^s, Dig^anna^ Glosslptila) or obsolete (other genera). 

 Wing moderate, rather pointed (eighth to sixth primaries longest, 

 ninth shorter than seventh but longer than fourth). Tail much shorter 

 than wing (usually shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of 

 secondaries), even, emarginate, slightly double-rounded, or rounded. 

 Tarsus variable in relative length, distinctly scutellate anteriorly; 

 middle toe with claw about equal in length to tarsus (sometimes a little 

 more or less) ; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length 

 to lateral toes, especially to the outer; claws of lateral toes reaching 

 about to base of middle claw; hallux about equal in length to lateral 

 toes but much stouter, its claw shorter than the digit. 



•'The CoerebidEe are all of small size; they have typical Oscinine 



' Hedescribed through inadvertence. 



^ See Lucas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. , xvii, 1894, 299-310. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 375 



tarsi, with tlie posterior face smootii, and with indications of several 

 scutes more or less obsolete on the anterior face. The wings are of 

 moderate length, without any indication of the first or external pri- 

 mary, and with the second, third, and fourth primaries usually nearly 

 equal and longest. The bill is small and slender and without any notch 

 at the extremity of the upper mandible, but varies in structure . . . 

 The tongue is penciled at the extremity. " ^ 



It is at present not possible to give a satisfactory diagnosis of the 

 Family Coerebidse since the internal structure of more than half the 

 genera remains practically uniinown. What little is known of the 

 anatomical characters of the group pertains to the genera Cyanerpes^ 

 Cmreba, and Glossiptila; and since these maj' be regarded as the cen- 

 tral or most typical forms of the group, anj^ conclusions based on them 

 alone would be more or less open to doubt; at least until the internal 

 structure of such forms as Conirostrum, Diglossa, Oreovmnes, and 

 Xenodacnis is known, the limits of the group can not be fixed with 

 precision, nor its relationships satisfactorily determined. 



The limits of the family, as defined by Dr. Sclater,^ have already 

 been restricted by the elimination of the genus Certhidea, which Myiarchus. 

 Lucas, by examination of its osteology and anatomy, has found to be 

 certainly not Coerebine, but probably Mniotiltine; ^ and it is by no 

 means improbable that further contraction may ultimately be required. 



So far as the tj'pical genera, Coereha, Glossiptila, and Cyanerpes are 

 concerned, Myiarchus. Lucas finds them to represent a well-circumscribed 

 group, of uncertain affinities, though apparently more nearly related 

 to the Australasian family Meliphagidse (Honej'--eaters) than to the 

 American families Mniotiltidse and Tanagridse, usuallj^ held to be 

 the nearest relatives of the Coerebidse. The gist of Myiarchus. Lucas's con- 

 clusions ' is as follows: 



(1) "As T'-oups of birds are constituted the CcBrebidas are certainly 

 sufficiently' distinct to stand apart, and the gap between them and the 

 Mniotiltidas seems widest,* although this may be due to a tendency on 

 my part to place considerable weight on the general pattern of the 

 palate." 



'Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 1. 

 ^Cat. Birds, Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, xi. 

 'Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, 1894, 309, 310. 



* Notes on the Anatomy and Affinities of the Coerebidse and other American Birds, 

 by Frederic A. Lucas, Curator of the Department of Comparative Anatomy. Proc. 

 U. 8. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, 1894, 299-312; illustrated by many figures. 



* It would be interesting to knowwhether Myiarchus. Lucas's conclusions on this point 

 would have been modified by examination of Conirostrum and Ateleodacnis, genera 

 which have hitherto been referred to the Cffirebidas (the latter forming part of the 

 genus Dacnis) but which I have found it necessary to refer to the Mniotiltidse. Possi- 

 bly, as in the case of another supposedly Ccerebine, but in reality Mniotiltine, genus 

 (CeHhidea), the gap between the two groups would have been emphasized. (See 

 Lucas: The Anatomy and Affinities of Certhidea, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, 

 1894, 309, 310.) 




376 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(2) " That the members of the Coerebidse do not form a homogeneous 

 group, but contains at least three well-marked types." 



Leaving out the genera Diglossa, Diglossopis, Dacnidea^ Ateleodac- 

 nis, Oreomanes,^ and Conirostrum, whose internal structure has not, to 

 my knowledge, been investigated, it is obvious- from Myiarchus. Lucas's obser- 

 vations that the remaining Ccerebidse comprise three quite distinct 

 groups, whose distinctive characters are as follows: 



a. Crop small or absent; tongue bifid; dorsal pteryla broader; feathers shorter, more 

 compact. 

 b. Crop present but small; tongue fringed; intestinal convolutions simple. 



Chlorophanes, Cyanerpes, Bacnis, 

 bb. Crop absent; tongue brushy; intestinal convolutions extremely complicated. 



Coereba. 



aa. Crop well developed; tongue trifid; dorsal pteryla narrower; feathers longer, 



looser Gloasiptila. 



"In their tongue," says Myiarchus. Lucas, "the Coerebidee are markedly 

 different from the Mniotiltidse, but it is largely a difference of degree 

 rather than of kind. They differ in toto from the Tanagridee, are 

 quite distinct from the Drepanidse, and find their nearest relatives in 

 Acanthorhynchris. ^ 



"The relationship with the tanagers is not very close, although such 

 short-billed forms as Ohlorophanes' and Dacnis, which unfortunately 

 were not available, might bring the two groups a little closer. 



"In size, form, ptei-ylosis, structure of tongue, and pattern of con- 

 volutions of alimentary canal, there is a strong resemblance between 

 Cce7-eba [i. e., Cyanerpet^ and Acanthorhynchus [Meliphagidse], and so 

 far the two forms exhibit a most interesting case of parallelism. The 

 palate, too, on superficial examination looks not unlike that of Glos- 

 siptila. . . . 



"Finally, it must be said that the members of the Coerebidse do not 

 form a homogeneous group, for the family contains at least three well- 

 marked types, Goe.r€ba\Oyanerpes\^ OeTtJiiola\^C(ie,reha\,&nA GlossiptUa, 

 and these types differ from one another in a very marked degree. 

 While Dacnis and Chlorophanes have not been examined by me, the 

 figures of skulls and tongues of these genera indicate that they belong 

 near Ccereha [Oyanerpes]. These genera form a well-marked gi'oup 

 containing those species nearest to the Mniotiltidse and characterized 

 by a long, cleft, feathered, but not suctorial tongue, small crop-like 

 dilatation of the oesophagus, and simply convoluted intestine. 



' ' OertMola [ Cosreid] has a bifid brushy tongue, no crop, extremely com- 

 plicated intestine, and produced angle to the mandible. The tongue 

 resembles that of some Meliphagidse; and the other characters are like 

 some found in the Drepanididse. Glossiptila, with its loose ptilosis, 



^ I am inclined to regard Oreomanes as a Mniotiltine type, related to Conirostrum. 

 The bill of this genus is strongly suggestive of that of Helinaia. 

 ^ A member of the Meliphagidse. 

 ' CMorophanes, however, is not a short-billed form. — R. R. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 377 



decided crop, and unique trifid tongue, is equally well characterized, and 

 certainly should stand apart, seeming to hold with respect to Coereha 

 [ Gycmerpeii] much the same position that Cham ma does with the wrens. " ' 



Even after removing the genera Conlrostrum and Ateleodacnis^ I am 

 very doubtful as to the naturalness of the group known as the Coere- 

 bidee; but until the internal structure of Diglossa, Diglossopis, Gliloro- 

 vlianes, iJacnis, Ilemidacnis^ and Oreoiiianes shall have been sufficiently 

 investigated, an}' further change in the limits of the supposed family 

 would be premature. I have been strongly tempted to separate, as a 

 distinct family, the genera Diglossa and Diglossopis, on account of the 

 peculiar and very remarkable modification of the basal portion of the 

 mandible, these two genera differing from all other Coerebidas in hav- 

 ing the gonydeal angle decidedly posterior to the nostril — a character 

 quite unique, so far as I am at present aware, in the Order Passeri- 

 formes, or at least the Suborder Oscines. 



The Honey-Creepers, or Guit-Guits, are peculiar to the forest-clad 

 regions of tropical America, the family, like so many other Neotrop- 

 ical groups, being most developed in the basin of the Amazon and 

 adjacent parts of Colombia and Ecuador. One genus [Ccereba) is most 

 numerously represented in the West Indies, where almost every island 

 possesses its peculiar form. One genus {Glossiptila), the representa 

 tive of a distinct subfamily (Glossiptilinse) is peculiar to Jamaica. 

 Altogether about seventy-five species and eleven genera are recognized, 

 of which six genera, but only about twenty -five species, occur within 

 the geographic field of this work. 



KEY TO THE GENERA OP CCEREBID^. 



a. Bill much compressed, with tip of maxilla abruptly hooked or uncinate; mandi- 

 bular rami very short, the gonydeal angle decidedly posterior to the nostril. 



Diglossa (p. 378) 



aa. Bill not much compressed; tip of maxilla not abruptly hooked or uncinate; 



mandibular rami of normal length, the gonydeal angle anterior to the nostril. 



h. Exposed culmen equal to or longer than tarsus; bill more subulate, the tip 



obtuse; maxillary tomium more or less obviously notched subterminally. 



c. Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than sixth; wing-tip not longer than tarsus, 



the latter longer than middle toe with claw; adult males glossy green with 



pileum and sides of head black;' adult females duller in color, without 



black on head Clilorophanes (p. 382) 



'Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, 309. 



^ These two genera, both of which are peculiarly South American, and therefore 

 extra-limital to the present work, I have been obliged to remove from the Coerebidse 

 and transfer to the iMniotiltida;, or else, as the only alternative, combine the two 

 families into one, the birds of these two genera being, so far as external characters are 

 concerned, quite inseparable from the last-named group. Unfortunately, their ana- 

 tomical structure has not been investigated; but I believe that when this has been done 

 it will be found that they too, like another supposedly Coerebine genus {Certhidea) 

 possess the Mniotiltine type of tongue and palate. (See Lucas: "The Anatomy and 

 Affinities of Certhidea," in Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, 1894, 309, 310.) 



'A South American species (C. purpurascens) is violet-blue with blackish wings 

 and tail but without black pileum; the adult female unknown. 




378 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



cc. Outermost primary longer than sixth ; wing-tip nearly twice as long as tarsus, 

 the latter shorter than middle toe with claw; bill more slender; adult 

 males rich blue with wings and tail, together with throat or back, black; 

 adult females plain greenish above, beneath paler and more yellowish, 



more or less streaked with darker Cyanerpes (p. 384) 



hh. Exposed culmen shorter than tarsus; bill more conical (or bent wedge-shaped) 

 with tip acute, 

 c. Outermost primary equal to or longer than sixth; tarsus slightly longer than 

 middle loe with claw; adult males blue and black or yellow and black; 



females much duller in color, without black areas Dacnis (ji. 390) 



ci:. Outermost primary shorter than sixth; tarsus much longer than middle toe 



with claw; adult males neither blue and black nor yellow and black. 



d. Bill more slender, strongly decurved terminally (the gonys more or less 



concave); commissure as long as middle toe with claw; tail rounded; 



under parts white and yellow or gray and yellow, or else whole plumage 



black (sexes alike in color) Coereba (p. 397) 



dd. Bill stouter, not decurved terminally (the gonys straight); commissure 

 shorter than middle toe with claw; tail even or slightly emarginate; 

 adult male dull grayish blue with rufous throat-patch; female brownish 

 above, paler beneath Glossiptila (p. 423) 



Genus DIGLOSSA ^A/agler. 



Diglossa Wagler, Isis, 1832, 280. (Type, D. haritula Wagler.) 



Agrilorhinus Bonaparte, Nuovi Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, i, 1838, 408. (Type, 



A. sittaceun Bonaparte, =Diglossa haritula Wagler. ) 

 Ancylorhinus (emendation) Sclater, Ibis, 1875 204 (ex Agrilorhinus Bonaparte). 

 Srrrirostrum Lafkesnaye and D'Okbigny, Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1838 (Synopsis Avium, 



ii, p. 24). (Type, S. carhonarinin Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.) 

 Uiiciroslrum Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1839, 100. (Type, Serrlrostrum carbonarium 



Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.) 

 Oniipi/lops LiOHTBNSTEiN, Nomencl. Av. Myiarchuss. Berol., 1854, 56. (Type, C. hamulus 



Liehtenstein, =Z>tj5f/o.s'.','(/ haritula Wagler.) 

 7'i?/)7/7wH(//o.w(, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 273. (Type, 



Serrirostrum carbonariiim Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.) 

 Pyrrhodiglossa Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 274. (Type, 



Diglossa mystacali.i Lafresnaye. ) 

 Oyanodiglossa Cassjn, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov. , 1864, 274. (Type, 



Agrilorhinus personal IIS Fraser. ) 

 MelanodiglossaGKSsm, Proc. Ac. Nat. S<-i. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864,274. (Type, 



Undrostrum lafresnayei Boissoneau. ) 



CoerebidiB with the bill much compressed and inclined upward ter- 

 minally/ the tip of the maxilla abruptly hooked or uncinate; mandible, 

 recurved, falcate, very acute at tip, with base of gonys decidedly pos- 

 terior to nostrils. 



Bill shorter than head, its lower outline conspicuously longer than 

 the upper; culmen more or less ele-\'ated basally, then straight or 

 more or les.s concave, the terminal portion abruptly decurved, the tip 

 of the maxilla forming a distinct hook or unguis, preceded by a more 



' The upward inclination of the bill in this genus is a very striking feature. In 

 most birds the bill projects on a line with the longitudinal axis of the head, but in 

 Dlglonsa it inclines upward at a very decided angle with this axis. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 379 



or less distinct subterminal tomial notch; maxillary tomiura, posterior 

 to the subterminal notch, nearly or quite straight to near the base, where 

 more or less convex; mandible recurved, falcate, with ver}^ acute tip and 

 very short rami, the gonys strongly convex, its base very broad and 

 much posterior to the nosti'ils. Nostrils exposed, narrow, longitudinal, 

 overhung by broad membrane. Rictal bristles rather long but weak. 

 Wing moderate, rather rounded (seventh and sixth, or seventh, sixth, 

 and fifth primaries longest, the ninth shorter than fourth, sometimes 

 shorter than first). Tail decidedly shorter than wing (sometimes 

 shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), more 

 or less x-ounded or slightly double-rounded. Tarsus rather long 

 (nearly one-third to more than one-third as long as wing) ; middle toe 

 with claw decidedly shorter than tarsus. 



Colwation. — Adult males (also adult females of some species) usually 

 plain bluish or blackish, the under parts sometimes parti}' rufous or 

 chestnut; if the general color bluish, the forehead and lores (some- 

 times auriculars also) black; if the general color black, the lesser wing- 

 coverts usually bluish gray or white. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Colombia and thence through moun- 

 tains of western South America to Peru and Bolivia. (Only two 

 species north of Panama.) 



Not having seen all the species of this genus, I am not able to form 

 an opinion respecting its proper limits.^ Judging from the species 

 that have been examined, however, I am inclined to believe that 

 it will be necessary either to merge the generall}^ accepted genus 

 Dlglossopin' into Dlglossa, or else to recognize one or more addi- 

 tional genera, to include species which are intermediate in structural 

 characters or difi'er in certain respects from both types. In Diglosso- 

 pis the modifications of the bill which are so remarkable in typical 

 Diglosm are not carried nearly so far; the tip of the maxilla is but 

 faintly hooked; the general trend of the bill is more nearly on a line 

 with the longitudinal axis of the head; the exposed culmen is nearly 

 as long as the lateral length of the mandible (instead of being much 

 shorter — sometimes less than two-thirds as long), and the inferior out- 

 fine of the mandible is but slightly convex. The nasal fossffi are also 

 much more exposed, the latero-f rontal feathering encroaching much 

 more upon the nostrils in Diglomi. Some of the species referred to 

 Diglossa^ as, for example, D. permnata, are in the particulars men- 

 tioned almost exactly intermediate between typical Di-glossa and 

 Diglossopis, though there seems to be rather more of a gap between 

 these intermediate forms and Diglossopis than between the former and 

 true Diglossa. 



'The species which I have not seen are D.gloriosa, D.pectoralis, D. mystacalis, D. 

 carhonaria, and D. glauca. 



^Diglossopis Sclater, Ann. and Myiarchusg. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, xvii, 1856, 467. (Type, D. 

 cserulescens Sclater. ) 




380 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OP DIGLOSSA. 



u,. Bluish gray above (darker on pileum). (Adult males.) 

 h. Under parts of body cinnamon or cinnamon-rufous. (Southern Mexico; Guate- 



Yaala,.) Diglossa baritula, adult male (p. 380) 



bb. Under parts of body slate-gray. (Costa Bica; Veragua.) 



Diglossa plumbea, adult male (p. 381) 

 aa. Olive or olive-grayish above. (Adult females and young. ) 

 b. Under parts buffy or cinnamon-buff y (tinged with olive laterally). 



Diglosaa baritula, adult female and young male (p. 380) 

 bb. Under parts pale olive, light grayish ohve, or olive-grayish. 



BigloBsa plnmbea, adult female and young male (p. 381) 



DIGLOSSA BARITULA Wagler. 

 MEXICAN DIGLOSSA, 



Adult 7nale.—Hea.d and neck, except throat, blackish slate or slate- 

 blackish, darker (nearly black) on forehead and lores, more grayish on 

 sides of neck; back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, and lesser 

 wing-coverts plain slate color anteriorly, passing into slate-gray pos- 

 teriorly, wings and tail dusky with slate-gray edgings, the middle 

 wing-coverts broadly margined with slate-gray; lower throat, under 

 parts of body, under tail-coverts, axillars, and under wing-coverts 

 plain rufous-cinnamon or russet; maxilla brownish black, mandible 

 blackish terminally and on terminal half of gonys, otherwise pale 

 brownish or brownish white (in dried skins); legs and feet horn brown- 

 ish (in dried skins); length (skins), 100.1-109 (106.2); wing, 55.1-58.7 

 (57.2); tail, 42.2^6.7 (45); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.7 (9.9); tarsus,16-18 

 (17.3); middle toe, 9.9-11.4 (10.9).' 



Adult female. — Above, including sides of head and neck, plain olive, 

 lighter and rather brighter on lower rump and upper taU-coverts; 

 under parts brownish buffy, strongly tinged on chest, sides, and flanks 

 with pale olive; remiges and rectrices dusky with light olive edgings, 

 these broader and approaching dull white on tertials; bill and feet as 

 in adult male; length (skins), 102.1-112.3 (108.2); wing, 54.9-55.1 

 (55.1); tail, 43.2^7.5 (45); exposed culmen, 9.7-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 

 16.5-17.8 (16.8); middle toe, 10.^11.4 (10.7)." 



Young male. —^\a\Wax to the adult female, but duller olive above; 

 greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with pale brownish and tertials 

 broadly edged with the same; under parts (sometimes, at least) slightly 

 tinged with cinnamon. 



Immature male. — Variously intermediate in coloration between the 

 adult male and adult female, according to age. 



Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Myiarchusrador; Jico), Mexico 

 (Valley of Mexico), Morelos (Tetela del Volcan; Huitzilac), Myiarchuschoacan 



' Eight specimens, from Mexico. ^ Four specimens, from Mexico. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 381 



(Patzcuaro), Guerrero (Chilpancingo), and Oaxaca (Mount Zampoal- 

 tepec); Guatemala.' 



Diglossa baritula Wagler, Isis, 1832, 281 (Mexico; ooll. Wiirzburg Myiarchuss.).— 

 Hahn, Orn. Atlas, xii, 1834-36, pis. 1, 2.— Haetlaub, Rev. Zool., 1842, 

 56.— Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 401.— Reichenbach, Plandb., ii, 1853* 

 233, pi. 554, flgs. 3762-3763.— ScLATBE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,' 1856, 286 

 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 376 (.luquila and 

 Totontepec, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 48 (Jalapa; Guatemala); Ibis, 1875, 207 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss-i 

 xi, 1886, 3 (near City of Mexico; Jalapa; Quesaltenango, Calderas, Coban] 

 and Santa Cruz Mts., Guatemala) .—Sclatee and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 14 

 (Guatemala).— Oassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 273 (monogr.)— 

 Shmichrast, Mem. Boat. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 548 (alpine region. Vera Cruz).— 

 Duges, La Naturaleza, i, 1869, 140 (Guanajuato, Mexico).— Salvin, Cat. 

 Strickland Coll., 1882, 174 (Guatemala).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1883, 242.— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 

 140 (San Salvador el Verde and Huejotringo Puebla). 



D[iglossa'] baritula Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 157, pi. 42.— Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein 

 1,1850,97 (Mexico). 



[Diglossa] baritula Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 118, no. 1474.— Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 15. 



Agrihrhinus dttaceus Bonaparte, Nuov. Ann. Seienz. Nat. Bologna, i, 1838, 408 

 (Mexico; coll. Florence Myiarchuss.).— Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., Oct., 1839, 292, 

 in text. 



Uncir[^ostrum^ sUtaceum Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., Oct., 1839, 292, in text. 



Undrostrum brelayi Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1839, 100 (Mexico; coll. Charles 

 Brelay). 



Agrtiorhinus oUvaceus Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1840, 22 (Mexico?; type 

 in Brit. Myiarchuss.). 



DIGLOSSA PLUMBEA Cabanis. 

 COSTA RIGAN DIGLOSSA. 



Adult male. — Above plain deep bluish slate color, darker (bluish 

 slate-black) on pileum, paler (bluish slate-gray or deep plumbeous) on 

 rump; remiges and rectrices black with bluish slate-gray edgings; 

 lores black; sides of head otherwise like pileum, but rather darker; 

 under parts plain slate-gray, paler on abdomen; maxilla brownish 

 black; mandible light brownish basally, dusky terminally; legs and feet 

 horn brownish (in dried skins); iris brown; length (skins), 105.4-110.2 

 (107.7); wing, 63.8-56.4 (64.9); tail, 39.6-44.5 (42.7); exposed culmen, 

 9.9-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 17.6-18.8 (18); middle toe, 11.2-12.2 (11.4).' 



Admit female. — Above deep olive-gray or grayish olive, the rump 

 more grayish; under parts deep olive-grayish, paler and tinged with 



' The single Guatemalan specimen, an adult male, differs decidedly from all the 

 adult males from Mexico (eleven in number) in having the entire throat slate-gray 

 and the axillars and under wing-coverts pale buffy or rusty whitish instead of being 

 of the same deep rufous-cinnamon color or russet as the under parts. According to 

 Dr. Sclater, however, "Guatemalan specimens have less plumbeous on the throat, 

 thereby approaching D. sittcddes." Evidently, therefore, Guatemalan specimens 

 require careful comparison with Mexican examples. 



'Four specimens, 




382 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



huffy on chin, the abdomen dull bufl'y whitish; bill and feet as in adult 

 male; length (skin), 100.6; wing, 52.8; tail, 39.1; exposed culmen, 

 lO.-i; tarsus, 17.3; middle toe, 11.4.^ 



Young {both sexes). — Above plain olive; beneath paler olive. 



Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui. 



Diglossa plumbea Cabanis, Joum. fur Orn., viii, Nov., 1860, 411 (Costa Rica; coll. 

 Berlin Myiarchuss. ).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 27.5 (monogr.).— 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 97 (San Juan and Quebrada Honda, 

 Costa Rica). — Fbantzius, Joum. fiir Om., 1869, 297 (Irazu, San Juan, and 

 Candelaria, Costa Rica). — S.vlvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1870, 185 (Volcan 

 de Chiriqui, Chiriqui). — Sclater, Ibis, 1875, 217 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 9.— Boucabd, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Cartage, 

 Navarro, Naranjo, Volcan de Irazu, and La Laguna, Costa Rica, 4,000-8,000 

 ft.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 243, pi. 15a, 

 figs. 1, 2.— Zeledon, An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, 1887, 108 (Volcan de 

 Irazii). — Cherkib, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 529 (descr. young). 



[Diglosscil plumbea Sclatek and Salvin, Noni. Av. Neotr., 1873, 15. 



Genus CHLOROPHANES Reichenbach. 



Chlorophanes '' Reichenbach, Handb. d. ap. Orn., i, 1853, 233. (Type, Ccereba 

 atricapilla Vieillot, = Cerlhia spiza Linnaeus. ) 



Rather large Ccerebidse with the bill as long as or longer than head, 

 slightly decurved terminally, the maxillarj^ tomium more or less dis- 

 tinctly notched sub terminally; adult males glossy green, with pileum 

 and sides of head black; or if violet-blue, the pileum also blue. 



Bill about as long as head, or a little longer, narrow, gradually taper- 

 ing and slightly decurved terminally; culmen straight or nearly so for 

 about basal half, then gently decurved to the tip; gonys straight or 

 very slightly concave toward tip; maxillary tomium with a slight sub- 

 terminal notch. Nostril exposed, longitudinal, narrow, overhung by 

 broad membrane. Rictal bristles minute, very weak. "Wing moder- 

 ate, rather pointed (eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest, ninth 

 much longer than fifth), the tip about equal to length of tarsus. Tail 

 much shorter than wing (decidedly shorter than distance from bend of 

 wing to tip of secondaries), emarginated. Tarsus rather short (about 

 one-fourth as long as wing or a little less, less than length of commis- 

 sure), its scutella rather distinct; middle toe with claw shorter than 

 tarsus. 



Coloration. — Plumage very glossy; adult males bright green or 

 bluish green, with pileum and sides of head black, or else violet- blue 

 with lores, wings, and tail black; adult females^ similar but duller in 

 color, without black on head. 



' One specimen. 



^;i;/\.(»p6; viridis, ipcrj'o; lucidus. 



'The female of the blue species, C. purpurascens, is unknown. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 383 



Bange. — Guatemala to southern Brazil and Bolivia. (Two species.) 

 This genus contains, so far as known, only two species. One of 

 these, C. purpurascens Sclater and Salvin, is of very restricted range, 

 being confined to Venezuela; the other occupies almost the entire area 

 of continental tropical America, or from Guatemala to southern Brazil 

 and Bolivia. In various parts of this extensive range it has become 

 differentiated into an undetermined number of geographic forms or sub- 

 species, only one of which, however, occurs within the limits of the 

 present work. The adult male of O. purpurasains differs from that of 

 C. spiza (in all its forms) in having the pileum mainly blue instead of 

 uniform black, and in having the general color purplish blue instead 

 of green. The female and young are unknown. The Central Ameri- 

 can form of O. spiza is larger and of a less bluish green color than its 

 South American representatives. 



CHLOROPHANES SPIZA GUATEMALENSIS (Sclater). 

 NORTHERN GREEN HONEY CREEPER. 



Similar to C. s. spiza, but larger (especially the bill), and adult male 

 with green of under parts less bluish. 



Adult unale. — Pileum, sides of head (down to and including malar 

 region), and chin, deep black; rest of plumage very glossy viridian 

 green, more bluish in some lights; alula, primary -coverts, primaries, 

 and rectrices dusky, edged with viridian green, the middle rectrices 

 green with a median streak of black; maxilla black, edged (except 

 toward tip) with yellowish; mandible yellowish (in dried skins ') ; legs and 

 feet horn brown or dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 122.9-143.8 

 (130.6); wing, 68.6-76.2 (69.9); tail, 44:.2-53.3 (48.5); exposed culmen, 

 15.5-17.5 (16.5); tarsus, 17-19.1 (18); middle toe, 10.9-13.7 (12.2).' 



Adult female. — Above plain glossy yellowish grass green, beneath 

 lighter, more apple green; bill and feet as in adult male, but mandible 

 usually more or less tinged with dusky; length (skins), 117.6-141.7 

 (129.5); wing, 65.3-71.1 (69.6); tail, 42.7-.i2.6 (47.2); exposed culmen, 

 15.5-17.8(16.5); tarsus, 17.5-18.8(18.3); middle toe, 11.9-12.7 (12.4).= 



Young male. — Similar to the adult female, but duller in color. 



Immature male. — Variously intermediate in coloration between the 

 adult male and female, according to age. 



Eastern Guatemala (Choctum, Eampamak, Yaxcamnal, etc., 2,000 

 to 3,000 feet), to Isthmus of Panama (to western Ecuador?); Cuba??? 



^According to Richmond (Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 487) the mandible in 

 life is naplea yellow, the iris burnt sienna. 

 ^Twelve specimens. 

 ' Eight specimens. 




384 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Chlorophanes guatemalensis Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 129 (Guate- 

 mala; coll. P. L. Sclater); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862,52 (Choctum, Guatemala). — 

 ScLATER and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Panama R. R.); 

 1870,836 (San Pedro, Honduras) .—Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 203 (Guatemala); 

 1872, 315 (Ghontales, Nicaragua); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 137 (Boquete 

 de Ohitra and Cordillera delToIe, Veragua) ; 1870, 185 (Calovevora, Veragua). 



Chlorophanes guatemalensis Sai.vadori, Atti. R. Acad. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 172 

 (Costa Rica). 



Chlorophanes spiza var. guatemalensis Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ix, 

 1868, 97 (Juiz and Turrialba, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 

 297 (Costa Rica). — Boucakd, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Naranjo, Costa 

 Rica), 



Chlorophanes spiza guntemalensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, Aug. 6, 1888. 

 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).— (?) Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., ii, 1889, 

 69 (Ecuador). — Cherrie, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 17 (Boruca, 

 s. w. Costa Rica). — Bangs, Auk, xviii, 1901, 369 (Divala, Chiriqui). 



[Dacnis'] guatemalensis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 118, no. 1471. 



Chlorophanes spiza (not Certhia spiza Linnaeus) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 

 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui).— Cory, Birds West Indies, 1889', 69 (Cuba?); 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 123 (do.)— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 

 1893, 487 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 435 

 (Volcan de Myiarchusravalles, Costa Rica). 



Chlorophanes airicapilla (not Ccereba atricapilla Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, 14 (Guatemala). — Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Guate- 

 mala; crit.). — Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 203 (Guatemala). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., vii, 1862, 319 (Panama R. R. ).— Boucard, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 31.— 

 Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 55 (Cuba ?). 



[Chlorophanes'] atricapilla Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16, part. 



IDacnis} cicrulescens (not Chlorophanes Cccrulescens Cassin) Gray, Hand-list, 

 i, 1869, 118, no. 1472 (Guatemala; Nicaragua). 



(?) Chlorophanes spiza exsul Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1883, 543 

 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador;^ coll. Count von Berlepsch). 



Genus CYANERPES Otaerholser. 



Ccereba (not of Vieillot, 1807, nor Vigors, 1825) Authors. 

 Arhelorhina (not of Cabanis, 1847) Authors. 



Cyanerpes'' Oberholsbr, Auk, xvi, no. 1, Jan., 1899, 32. (Type, Certhia cyanea 

 Linnaeus. ) 



Small, long-billed, brightly colored Coerebidae, with the outermost 

 (ninth) primary equal to or longer than seventh, and with the tarsus 

 much shorter than exposed culmen. 



Bill longer than head, subulate, slightly decurved terminally, rather 

 broad and depressed basally, the basal width decidedly greater than 

 basal depth. Nostril wholly exposed, longitudinally oval, with very 



'According to Dr. Sclater (Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 29) birds of this species from 

 western Ecuador are referable to this form, an opinion in which Messrs. Salvin and 

 Godman (Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 247) concur. I have not seen a specimen cer- 

 tainly from that district, but the only Ecuadorean example (without definite locality) 

 examined by me is an extreme example of the Colombian form [Chlorophanes spiza 

 cicrulescens Sclator). 



^ " Kvavo^ = cyaneus, + spjtTfi." 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEKICA. 385 



broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles obsolete or very minute. 

 Wing long (more than four times as long as tarsus), the tip well 

 produced (longer than tarsus); ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries 

 longest, the ninth equal to or longer than seventh. Tail less than two- 

 thirds as long as wing (decidedly less than distance from bend of wing to 

 tip of secondaries), emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus 

 rather short (much shorter than exposed culmen, much less than one- 

 fourth as long as wing), the acrotarsial scutella rather distinct; 

 middle toe with claw longer than tarsus; claws of lateral toes reach- 

 ing about to base of middle claw, the outer slightly longer than the 

 inner; basal phalanx of middle toe united for its entire length to outer 

 toe, for about half its length to inner toe; hallux about as long as 

 lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit, 

 very strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult males rich blue or violet-blue, with lores, wings, 

 and tail (also throat or else back) black; females green above, beneath 

 paler (sometimes yellowish or buffy), more or less streaked. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil; Cuba. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYANERPES. 



a. General color blue and black. (Adult males. ) 

 6. Chin and throat purplish blue, like rest of under parts; back black; inner weba 

 of remiges partly yellow. (Southern Mexico to southern Brazil; Cuba.) 



Cyauerpes cyanens, adult male (p. 386) 



66. Chin and throat black; back purplish blue; inner webs of remiges without 



yellow. 



c. Black of throat not extending beyond, truncated posteriorly; general color 



violet-blue (smalt or hyacinth). (Colombia to Bolivia and eastern Peru.) 



Cyanerpes caernleus, adult male (extralimitaP) 

 cc. Black of throat extending over chest, rounded or convex posteriorly; general 

 color ultramarine or french blue. 

 d. Larger (wing 52.1-60.4, exposed culmen 15.5-19.6); blue color duller. 

 (Isthmus of Panama to Guatemala. ) 



Cyanerpes lucidus, adult male (p. 389) 



'Cyansepes CjBkuleus (Linnaeus). 



[Certhia] a^rulea Linnjsus, Syst. Nat, ed. 10, i, 1758; 118; ed. 12, i, 1766, 185. 



C[sereba} cservlea Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 610. 



Cc6re6a cairutea ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 33. 



A\rhelorUna\ coerulea Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Raise Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 675. 



Cyanerpes c^rulem Obeeholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy; geog. range). 



[Certhia] oehrochlora Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 472 (based on YelloiO- 

 cheeked Creeper Latham, Gen. Synopsis,!, pt. 2, p. 734; Surinam). 



[CeHMyiarchus] surinamensis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 295 (based on Certhia 

 oehrochlora Gmelin; Yellow-cheeked Creeper Latham, Synopsis, ii, p. 734). 



A\rbelorhma\ brevirostris Cabani8;'Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- 

 zuela; coll. Heine Myiarchuss.). 



Coereba brmroslris Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Bogota, Colombia). 



Coereba coerulea microrhyncha Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., xxxii, Oct., 1884, 287 

 ( Bucaramanga and Bogota, Colombia; coll. Count von Berlepsch). 



3654— VOL 2—01 25 




386 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dd. Smaller (wing 48.3; exposed culmen 12.7) ; blue color brighter. (Colom- 

 bia to upper Amazon Valley. ) 



Cyanerpes nitidua, adult male (extralimital') 

 aa. General color dull green above, paler beneath, the chest sometimes streaked. 

 (Adult females and young. ) 

 b. Under wing-coverts and part of inner webs of secondaries yellow; chest without 

 distinct streaks; throat not huffy. 



Cyanerpes cyaneua, adult female and young (p. 386) 

 66. Under wing-coverts white, or yellowish white; inner webs of secondaries 

 without any yellow; chest distinctly streaked; throat huffy, 

 c. Lores buffy, like throat; chest streaked with dark green; sides and flanks 

 green streaked with white. 



Cyanerpes cseruleus, adult female and young (extralimital) 

 cc. Lores dusky; chest streaked with blue; sides and flanks plain green. 



Cyanerpes lucidus, adult female and young (p. 390) 



CYANERPES CYANEUS (Linnaeus). 



BLUE HOITET CREEFEE, 



Adult male. — Lores, orbits (terminating in an obtuse angle behind 

 eye), hindneck, back, wings, and tail deep black; crown light turquoise 

 or nile blue; inner webs of secondaries, except terminal portion, part 

 of inner webs of primaries, and part of under wing-coverts canary 

 yellow; rest of plumage uniform smalt blue; bill black; legs and feet 

 vermilion red in life, fading to pale brownish or yellowish in dried 

 skins; length (skins), 105.4-120.9(116.8); wing, 58.2-68.6 (63.2); 

 tail, 34.3-39.1 (36.6); exposed culmen, 15-18.5 (16.5); tarsus, 13-16.3 

 (14.2); middle toe, 9.7-11.9 (10.7).' 



Adult female. — Above plain dull green or olive-green, the wings and 

 tail dusky with green or olive-green edgings; greater portion of inner 

 webs of secondaries, part of inner webs of primaries, axillars, and 

 under wing-coverts canary yellow; under parts pale olive-greenish, 

 the throat, median portion of abdomen, and tips of under tail-coverts 



Arbelorhina cserulea microrhyncha Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 



(Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia). 

 A\rbelorhina] hmgirostrietris (err. typ.) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Caracas, 



Venezuela; coll. Heine Myiarchuss.). 

 Coereha longirostris Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (upper Amazon).— Finsch, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 561 (Trinidad). 

 Cyanerpes cxrulem longirostris Oberholsbr, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy, 



crit., etc.). 

 This species doubtless divisible into two or more geographic forms or subspecies. 

 'Cyanebpes nitidus (Hartlaub). 



Ccereba nitida Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1847, 84 (n. Peru; coll. Bremen Myiarchuss.).— 



Sclater Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Bogota, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. 



Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 35. 

 A[rbelorhina] nitida CABAma, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 96, footnote. 

 Cyanerpes nitidus Oberholsee, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 35 (synonymy; range). 

 ''Twenty-two specimens, from Myiarchusddle America. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



387 



pale olive-yellowish or whitish; chest indistinctly streaked with pale 

 olive-greenish and pale olive-yellowish or whitish; bill blackish; legs 

 and feet dull red in life, brownish in dried skins; length (skins), 99.8- 

 119.4(113); wing, 59.4^64.5 (61.7); tail, 32.5-3Y.8 (35.1); exposed 

 culmen, 15-18.5 (17); tarsus, 13-15.5 (14.7); middle toe, 9.7-11.7 

 (10.7).' 



^Nineteen specimens, from Myiarchusddle America. 



After careful comparison of all the material available I am unable to discover any 

 appreciable or constant difference between South American and Myiarchusddle American 

 examples of this species, except that specimens from the coast of northern South 

 America (Venezuela to Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia) have very long bills, and may consti- 

 tute a fairly well-marked subspecies G. c. brevipes (Cabanis). It is possible that a 

 satisfactory division may be made based upon females, as claimed by Myiarchus. Oberholser 

 (Auk, xvi, 1899, 33), but after careful examination of specimens which, however, 

 are very inadequate, I am compelled for the present to forego any attempt at 

 such division. If any form is to be separated it seems to me that the Cuban birds 

 should be thus distinguished, for the few females from that island which I have 

 seen appear to be considerably paler and more uniform in color beneath than any 

 others. 



Average measurements according to locality are as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen. 



Tarsu.<^. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



Two adult males from Cuba 



Six adult males from southern Mexico 



Two adult males from Guatemala 



Four adult males from Honduras (Truxillo) 



Two adult males from Nicaragua , 



Six adult males from Isthmus of Panama 



Four adult males irom Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia 



One adult male from Caracas, Venezuela 



Four adult males from Myiarchusrgarita Island, Venezuela 



Four adult males from Trinidad 



Three adult males from Tobago 



Two adult males from British Guiana 



Two adult males from lower Amazon (Part) 



Three adult males from eastern Brazil ( Bahia) 



Three adult males from southwestern Brazil (Chapada). 



FEMALES. 



One adult female from Cuba 



Five adult females from southern Mexico 



Five adult females from Guatemala 



Three adult females from Honduras 



Two adult females from Nicaragua 



Three adult females from Isthmus of Panama 



One adult female from Venezuela ,- 



Two adult females from Myiarchusrgarita Island 



Three adult females from Trinidad 



Two adult females from Tobago 



Three adult females from Bahia , 



One adult female from Chapada 



64.5 



64.8 



61.7 



62.5 



61.5 



63.2 



66.3 



65.8 



65.8 



6,5.3 



69.1 



64 



61.2 



63.8 



66.3 



61.7 



60.5 



60.5 



66.5 



63.5 



63 



65 



62 



66.5 



38.1 

 37.1 

 35.1 

 35.6 

 35.3 

 37.6 

 39.9 

 38.9 

 38.9 

 38.1 

 41.7 

 37.3 

 38.1 

 37.1 

 39.6 



32.5 

 35.1 

 35.8 

 33.8 

 35.1 

 35.6 

 39.6 

 36.8 

 37.6 

 39.1 

 36.8 

 40.6 



17.8 



15.7 



16.3 



17 



17.8 



16.5 



18.5 



22.1 



21.1 



16.8 



18.3 



16.3 



16.2 



16.7 



14.6 



17.3 



16.5 



17 



16.3 



18 



17.8 



18.3 



19.3 



18.8 



19.8 



18.5 



15.6 



1.5.2 



14.6 



14 



14 



14.7 



14.6 



14.5 



14.7 



14.7 



14.6 



15 



14.2 

 14.2 

 15.6 



16.2 



14.5 



14.7 



15 



14 



14.7 



15.2 



14.7 



14.6 



16.2 



14.2 



14.7 



10.9 

 10.7 

 10.9 

 10.2 

 10.7 

 10.9 

 10.4 

 10.2 

 10.4 

 10.2 

 10.7 



9.4 

 10.2 

 10.4 



11.4 

 10.9 

 10.9 



9.9 

 10.7 

 11.2 

 11.4 

 10.2 

 10.2 

 10.9 

 10.2 



9,9 




388 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Young male. — Similar to the adult female. 



Immature male. — Variously intermediate in coloration between the 

 adult male and female, according to age. (The black wings and tail 

 are assumed before the blue appears.) 



Continental tropical America in general, from southern Mexico 

 (States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, etc.') to southeastern Brazil and 

 Bolivia; but in South America only east of the Andes; Cuba; Jamaica 

 (accidental?). 



(?) [Certhia] cayana Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 186 (based on Brisson, 

 Orn., iii, p. 636, pi. 23. fig. 2).— Gmbun, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 475.— 

 Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 293. 



\_Certhia] cyanea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 188 (based on Certhia nigra 

 cseruleoque varia Edwards, Nat. Hist., ii, p. 114, pi. 264, fig. 1; Certhia bra- 

 dlierms cscrulea Brisson, Orn., iii, 628, pi. 31, fig. 5, etc.). — Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 483.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 291. 



Cosreba cyanea Viellot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xiv, 1817, 44; Enc. M6th., 1823, 

 610; Gal. Ois., i, 1834, 288, pi. 176.— Myiarchusximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, 

 1831, 761. — D'Orbigny and Lafkesnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool. 1839 (Synop. Av, p. 

 24). — BuRMEisTER, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 150. — Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1856, 140, 286 (David, Ohiriqui); 1857, 263 (Ega, upper Ama- 

 zons); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 52 (Cayenne; Brazil; Amazons); Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 32 (s. Mexico to s. e. Brazil and Bolivia; Cuba).— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 266 (monogr.). — Taylor, Ibis, 

 1864, 81 (Trinidad); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduraa); 1873, 260 (Sarayacu, 

 etc., e. Peru); 1879, 597. — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 

 179 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); 1867, 570 (Pard, lower Amazons), 749 (Eio 

 Huallaga, e. Peru); 1868, 166, 627 (Venezuela). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., ix, 1868, 97 (Costa Rica).— Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 561 

 (Trinidad).- Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 25.— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 315 (Chon- 

 tales, Nicaragua) ; 1885, 207 (British Guiana) ; Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 177 

 (Brazil; Trinidad; Guatemala) .—Lay aed, Ibis, 1873, 378. — Boucabd, Liste 

 Ois-Guat., 1878, 31.— Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 199 (Myiarchusnaure, prov. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, 2,700 ft.) ; 1880, 119 (Santa Myiarchusrta) ; Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1886, 248.— Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 330 (Estancia, n. e. Brazil).— Tacza- 

 NOWSKi, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 9 (Huambo, n. e. Peru); Cm. du 

 P6rou, i, 1884, 436.— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.,vi, 1883, 382 (Sucuyd, 

 Nicaragua) .—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 53 (Cuba); Birds West Indies, 1889, 67 

 (do.). — Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 339 (near Kingston, Jamaica, 1 spec., Myiarchusy 17, 

 1890). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 435 (Volcan de Myiarchusravalles, Costa Eica). 



[Cterefia] cyanea Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 



Nlectarinia^ cyanea Swainson, Birds Western Africa, ii, 1838, 141. 



Alrbelorhina'] cyanea Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Brazil). 



Arbelorhina cyanea Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 675.— 

 GuNDLACH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 290; Orn. Cuba, 1893, 105.— 

 RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 579 (Truxillo, Honduras).— Zble- 

 DON, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (Las Trojas de Puntarenas, San 

 Jos6, Alajuela, Pozo Azul de Pirris and Monte Eedondo de San Jos^).— 

 Bbrlepsch, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1889, 295 (Yurimaguas, e. Peru). — Allen, Bull. 



^Among Mexican localities cited appears the Valley of Mexico; but since the species 

 is a bird of the tierra caliente, or true tropical districts, there is doubtless an error m 

 this case. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 389 



Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iii, 1891, 347 (Ohapada, prov. Myiarchustto Grosso, s. w. Brazil; 

 crit.; deacr. eggs).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 310 (San 

 Pablo, s. Cuba); vi, 1894, 26 (Trinidad).— Coky, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117, 

 155 (Cuba).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 487 (Eio Escon- 

 dido and San Carlos, Nicaragua). — Cheeeie, Expl. Zool. Coata Rica, i, Aves, 

 1893, 17 (Lagarto, Boruca, Tdrraba, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). 



Cyanerpes cyaneus Obeeholsbk, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1891, 32 (synonymy; geog. 

 range, etc.). — Bangs, Auk, xviii, 1891, 31 (San Myiarchusguel I., Bay of Panama). 



{'>)[Certhia] eyanogastra Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 295 (based on Blue-throated 

 Creeper Latham, Synopsis, ii, 734). 



{?)[Certhia'] flavipes Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 472 (baaed on Blue-throated 

 (keeper Latham, Synopsis, ii, 734) . 



Ccereba cameipes Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 376 (Playa Vicente, 

 Oaxaca, S.Mexico; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1864, 173 ("valley of Mexico"); Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 52 (Oaxaca). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Duefias, 

 Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Panama R. R. ). — Lawkencb, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 291, 317 (Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 175 (David, 

 Chiriqui).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 137; (Cordillera de ToM, 

 Santiago, and Santa F^, Veragua; David, Chiriqui); 1870, 185 (Bugaba, 

 Volcan de Chiriqui, Chitra, Castillo, Cordillera del Chucu, and Calovevora, 

 Veragua) .— Sumiohkast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 548 (hot district. 

 Vera Cruz). 



Ccereba cyanea var. carneipes BoncARn, Cat. Av., 1876, 239, no. 7444 (Mexico). 



Cyanerpes cyaneus cameipes Oberholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 33 (crit.; s. Mexico 

 to Panama). 



A[rbelorhina'} Jrempes Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- 

 zuela; coll. Heine Myiarchuss.). 



Ccereba brevipes Rbioheneach, Handb. Spec. Orn,, 1851, 237. 



Cyanerpes cyamus brevipes Oberholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 33 (synonymy; 

 crit.). 



A\rbelorhina'] eximia Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- 

 zuela; coll. Heine Myiarchuss.). 



Ccereba cyanea eximia Berlbpsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 287 (Bucaramanga, 

 Colombia). 



Arbelorhina cyanea eximia Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, Aug. 12, 

 1896, 679, (Myiarchusrgarital., Venezuela).— Robinson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusa., xviii, 

 1896, 679 (habits).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Waah., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa 

 Myiarchusrta, Colombia). 



Cyanerpes cyanea eximea Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xviii, Aug. 25, 1900, 173 

 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia). 



CYANERPES LUCIDUS (Sclater and Salvin). 



SHINING HONEY CREEPER. 



Aihdt male.— Lores, chin, throat, and upper median portion of chest 

 uniform deep black; wings, tail, and thighs black; rest of plumage 

 plain dull ultramarine or french blue, lighter more azure blue on 

 head; bill black; legs and feet canary yellow in life,' dull yellowish in 

 dried skins; length (skins), 91.^109.7 (100.6); wing, 52.1-60.5 (57.4); 

 tail, 26.4-32.3 (29.5); exposed culmen, 15.6-19.6 (18); tarsus, 14-16.3 

 (14.7); middle toe, 9.7-11.4 (10.7).' 



^Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 488. 'Ten specimens. 




390 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult feiiKile. — Pileum and hindneck dull grayish blue or greenish, 

 the forehead (sometimes crown also) usually narrowly streaked with 

 whitish; rest of upper parts plain dull grass green or parrot green; 

 lores brownish dusky; malar region blue or partly blue; chin and 

 throat buff; median under parts dull whitish, the chest streaked with 

 blue; sides and flanks plain grayish green; bill black; legs and feet 

 sage green in life,^ brownish in dried skins; length (skms), 93.5-103.1 

 (98.6); wing, 50.8-57.4 (54.6); tail, 25.4-30.5 (27.9); exposed culmen, 

 18.5-19.6 (19.1), tarsus, 14.7-15.7 (15); middle toe, 9.4-10.7 (10.4).' 



Young male. — Similar in coloration to the adult female. 



Immature male. — Variously intermediate in color between adult 

 male and female, according to age. 



Central America, from Guatemala (Choctum) to the Isthmus of 

 Panama (line of Panama Eailroad). 



Ccereba cieruLea (not Cerlhia cserulea Linnaeus) Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1856, 140 (Veragua). 



Ccereba lucida Sclatek and Salvin, Ibis, 1st ser., i, Jan., 1859, 14 (Guatemala); 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Panama R. E.).— Moore, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1859, 53 (Honduras).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 291, 

 318 (Panama R. R.).— Sclatbe, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Choctum, Vera 

 Paz, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 35 (Choctum, Guatemala; 

 Bugaba, Veragua; Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ). — Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1864, 267 (monogr.).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 137 

 (David, Chiriqui); 1870, 185 (Bugaba, Veragua). — BoncARD, Llste Ois. 

 Guat., 1878, 32,— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 249. 



[Ccereba] lucida Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 117, no. 1453. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 



ArbelorMna lucida Heine and Reichenow, Nom. Myiarchuss. Hein., Orn., 1882, 60. — 

 Zeledon, An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, 1887, 108 (San Jos6, Puerto Limon, 

 and Pozo Azul de Pirris). — Cheerie, Auk, ix, 1892 23 (San Jos6, Costa 

 Rica); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 17 (Boruca and T^rraba, s. w. 

 Costa Rica; crit.).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 488 (Rio 

 Escondido, Nicaragua; habits; color of unfeathered parts, etc.). 



Cyanerpes lucidus Oberholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy; range). 



Genus DACNIS Cuvier. 



Dacnis Cuvier, Regne Anim., i, 1817, 395. (Type, MotadUa cayana Linnaeus.) 

 Cyanodacnis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 268. (Type, 



Motaoilla cayana Linnaeus. ) 

 Polidacnis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 269. (Type, Dacnii 



angelica De Filippi. ) 

 Eudacnis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 270. (Type, Dacnis 



flaviveniris Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny. ) 



CcBrebidse with the bill shorter than the head, acute-conical or wedge- 

 shaped, very slightly decurved terminally (at least the maxilla), and tip 

 acute; tarsus not longer than middle toe with claw; adult males blue 



^Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat, Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 488. 

 '' Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 391 



and black (sometimes with wliite or yellow abdomen or scarlet thighs), 

 or else yellow and black with greenish pileum. 



Bill shorter than head, narrowly conical or wedge-shaped, usually 

 very slightly decurved terminally, with tip acute; culmen nearly 

 straight for basal half or more, thence slightly and gradually 

 decurved to the acute tip of the maxilla; gonys straight or some- 

 times faintly concave terminally. Nostrils exposed, longitudinally 

 oval, overhung by rather broad membrane. Rictal bristles very 

 minute or obsolete. Wing moderate, rather pointed (ninth, eighth, 

 and seventh primaries longest, the ninth longer than sixth, sometimes 

 equal to longest); wing-tip equal to or longer than tarsus (usually 

 decidedly longer). Tail much shorter than wing (decidedly shorter 

 than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), even or very 

 slightly rounded. Tarsus about as long as commissure or a little 

 longer, distinctly scutellate; middle toe with claw about equal to 

 tarsus or slightly shorter. 



Coloration.— Adult males bright bluish green to violet-blue, varied 

 with black, some species with the abdomen, etc., white or yellow, 

 or with scarlet thighs; or else the plumage yellow and black, with 

 greenish pileum; adult females much duller in color; greenish, olive, 

 or brownish above, paid below, the head sometimes bluish, with 

 grayish throat. 



^a^^e.— Nicaragua to Peru, Bolivia, and southern Brazil. 



This genus has hitherto included some half dozen species which cer- 

 tainly do not belong to it. These are D. pulcherrlma Sclater, which 

 I have made the type of a new genus, Irido])hanes,^ and referred, 

 provisionally at least, to the Tanagridee,' and the last six species given 

 by Dr. Sclater (except possibly I), salmoni, which I have not seen), 

 these latter, according to my views, constituting a distinct genus 

 {Ateleodacnis Cassin ^) and belonging to the Mniotiltidse. Of the spe- 

 cies left in Dacnis the most aberrant is D. jlamventris^ This has the 

 bill straighter than any other species (almost perfectly straight, in 

 fact), and has the tarsus much longer than middle toe with claw; the 

 coloration is very different from that of other species, clear lemon 

 yellow replacing blue, but the pattern is essentially the same. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP DACNIS. 



a. Lores and at least part of back black; under parts (except throat, in some species) 

 bright blue or green, or else greenish black with scarlet thighs. (Adult males. ) 

 6. Under parts of body blue; thighs blue or bluish gray; wings with conspicuous 

 blue edgings. 



'Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., iii, 1891, 150. 

 *See page 2, this volume. 



^Ateleoda(mw Cassin, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 270. (Type, Dacnis leucogenys 

 Lafresnaye. ) 

 ' Dacnis flavivenlris Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny, Myiarchusg. deZool., 1839, Synop. Av., 21. 




392 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



c. Throat black; under wing-coverts gray. (Damis cayana.) 

 d. General color bright cerulean or turquoise blue, changing to bluish green; 

 throat deeper black. ( Colombia to southern Brazil and Bolivia; Chiriqui?) 



Dacnis cayana cayana, adult male (p. 392) 

 dd. General color bright ultramarine or cobalt blue, changing to greenish blue; 

 throat dull greenish black. (Isthmus of Panama to Nicaragua. ) 



Dacnis cayana nltramarina, adult male (p. 394) 

 cc. Throat bluish green; under wing-coverts white. (Isthmus of Panama.) 



Dacnis viguieri, adult male (p. 396) 

 hh. Under parts of body greenish black; , thighs scarlet; wings entirely black. 



(Costa Rica to Colombia. ) Dacnis venusta, adult male (p. 396) 



aa. No black on lores nor back; under parts of body yellowish green, or light huffy 

 grayish anteriorly passing into buffy or buffy yellowish posteriorly. (Adult 

 females and young. ) 

 h. Under parts yellowish green, the throat bluish gray; pileum greenish blue; 

 wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices edged with bright yellowish green, 

 c. More yellowish green, with head lighter and more greenish blue. 



Dacnis cayana cayana, adult female and young male (p. 392) 

 cc. Clearer green, with head deeper and less greenish blue. 



Dacnis cayana nltramarina, adult female and young male (p. 395) 

 56. Under parts light buffy grayish anteriorly, passing into buffy posteriorly (the 

 abdomen more yellowish); wing-coverts plain greenish gray or olive, the 

 remiges and rectrices edged with same. 



Dacnis venusta, adult female and young male (p. 897) 



DACNIS CAYANA CAYANA (Linnaeus). 

 CATENNE DACNIS. 



Adult male. — Lores, ppstocular streak (of variable extent), chin, 

 throat, and back, uniform black; wings and tail black; middle wing- 

 coverts tipped with bright greenish blue, greater coverts and tertials 

 broadly, secondaries and primaries (in part) narrowly, edged with the 

 same; rest of plumage bright cerulean or turquoise blue viewed toward 

 the light, changing to bluish green when viewed from the light; bill 

 brownish black, the mandible more brownish (fleshj^ in life) basally; 

 iris reddish brown; ^ legs and feet brownish in dried skins, fleshy' or 

 bluish' in life; length (skins), 99.6-133.6 (115.1); wing, 61.2-68.6 (65); 

 tail, 41.7-48 (44.2); exposed culmen, 11.9-14 (13.2); tarsus, 15.7-16.8 

 (16.3); middle toe, 10.2-11.4 (10.7).' 



Adult female. — Yellowish grass green, orighter on rump and upper 

 tail -coverts-, rather lighter (approaching apple green) on under parts; 

 head dull greenish blue oi' bluish green (nile blue or beiyl green), the 

 throat paler and gra}^er; lesser wing-coverts darker and duller green- 

 ish blue; bill and feet as in the male, but the former rather browner; 

 length (skins), 103.1-130.3 (116.6); wing, 57.2-68.6 (63); tail, 39.6-47 



'Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 330. 



^D'Orbigny, Voy. Am. Merid., Ois., 1839, 221. 



' Fourteen specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



393 



(43.7); exposed culmen, 11.7-14.Y (13.2); tarsus, 15.2-17.6 (16.6); mid- 

 dle toe, 9.7-12.2 (10.7).' 



Eastern tropical South America, from southern Brazil, and Bolivia 

 to Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia; Chiriqui?^ 



?? [Motacilla'] cayana^ Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 336 (based on Blue 

 Myiarchusnahin Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, pi. 263, lower fig.; Sylria myanensis 

 cserulea Brisson, Orn., iii, 534, pi. 28, fig. 1).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 

 1788, 990. 



Dlacnis] cayanus D'Oebigny and Lafeesnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1839 (Synop. Av., 

 p. 20) (Yuracares, prov. Chiquitos, Bolivia). 



D[aam] cayana Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 95 (Cayenne). 



[Dacnis] cayana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 400. — Sclatee and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 



Dacnis' cayana Strickland, Contr. Orn., 1851, 15 (crit.; synonymy). — Sclater, 

 Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 106 (monogr.) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 

 110 (Pallatanga, e. Ecuador), 252 (Trinidad; Guiana; Cayenne; Brazil; 

 e. Peru; Bolivia); 1855, 137 (Bogota, Colombia); 1857, 263 (Ega, upper 

 Amazons) ; 1858, 452 (Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 50 

 (Bogota, Colombia; Trinidad; Cayenne); Ibis, 1863, 313 (monogr.); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., viii, 1886, 19, part (Volcan de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chir- 

 iqui; South American localities). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 

 268 (monogr.). — Tayloe, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad). — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 179 (Bio Ucayali, e. Peru); 1867, 570 (Pari, 



' Nine specimens. 



The specimens measured average as follows, according to locality: 



Locality. 



Wing. Tail. Exi»|ed ^^^^^ Myiarchusddle 



MALES. 



Tour adult males from Colombia ("Bogota") 



Two adult males from Trinidad 



One adult male from British Guiana 



Five adult males from eastern Brazil 



Two adult males from southwestern Brazil (Chapada) . . 



FEMALES, 



One adult female from Colombia ("Bogota") 



Three adult females from Trinidad 



One adult female from British Guiana 



One adult female from lower Amazon (Santarem) 



Two adult females from southwestern Brazil (Chapada) 

 One adult female from Bolivia 



67.1 



62.2 



62 



64.5 



67,6 



67.3 

 62.2 

 57.2 

 60.5 

 66.8 

 62.2 



44.2 

 42.4 

 42.9 

 44.2 

 16.6 



47 



43.9 



39.6 



43,4 



44.7 



43.7 



13.2 



12.7 



13 



13.2 



13.7 



13.5 

 14.2 



n.7 



12.2 

 13.7 

 12.2 



16 

 15.7 



10.4 

 10.4 



16.5 

 16.3 



16 



16.5 



16.5 



16.2 



17.6 



16 



10.7 

 11.2 



10.7 

 10.9 

 10.2 

 9.7 

 9.7 



The South American birds will probably require subdivision into two or more 

 geographic subspecies. Specimens from Colombia are, as a rule, more decidedly 

 blue than those from other parts of South America, especially those from southern 

 Brazil, which, besides being larger, are decidedly greenish and have the black duller, 

 especially that on the throat. (See Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist., iii, 1891, p. 

 347, where average measurements of 20 adult males from Chapada, Myiarchustto Grosso, are 

 given as follows: Wing, 68.8; tail, 45.5; exposed culmen, 13.) 



'Although Chiriqui examples have, at least generally, the light blue color of true 

 D. cayana, I am exceedingly doubtful whether they should be referred to that form. 

 Lack of adequate material, however, prevents me from reaching a satisfactory con- 

 clusion in the matter. 



'See Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1873, 235. 




394 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



lov^er Amazon), 749 (Eio Huallaga, e. Peru), 977 (Amazonia); 1873, 259 

 (lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Pebas, and Ega, e. Peru); 1875, 237 

 (province of Tachira, Venezuela); 1879, 496 (Remedies, prov. Antioquia, 

 Colombia), 597 (Eio Tanapaya, etc., Bolivia). — L^otaud, Ois. Trinidad, 

 1866, 124.— Salvadoei, Atti. E. Ac. Sci. Torino, ii, 1868, 261 (crit.; synon- 

 ymy ).—Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 25.— Layabd, Ibis, 1873, 378 (Pard).— 

 Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 510 (Monterico, centr. Peru); 

 1882, 9 (Huambo, n. e. Peru); Orn. du P6rou, i, 1884, 428.— Allen, Bull. 

 Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 78 (Santarem, lower Amazon); Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. 

 N. H., ii, 1889, 80 (Myiarchuspiri and Falls of Myiarchusdeira, Bolivia) ; iii, 1891, 347 

 (Chapada, prov. Myiarchustto Grosso, s. w. Brazil; crit.). — Fokbes, Ibis, 1881,330 

 (Caxanga, Eecife, etc., n. e. Brazil). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 244, part (South American localities). — Salvin, Ibis, 1885,207 

 (British Guiana).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 26 (Trinidad).— 

 Ihekinq, Aves d. Est. S. Paulo, 1899, 141 (Iguape) . 



[^Fringilla] cyanomelas Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 924 (based on Fringilla cseruka, 

 mento, gula, etc.,nigris Koelreuter, Nov. Comm. Petrop., xi, 434, pi. 15, fig. 6). 



D[acnis'] cyanomelas Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 95 (Brazil). 



Dacnis cyanomelas Eeichenbach, Handb., ii, 1853, 227. — Burmeistek, Syst. Ueb. 

 Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 153.— Beelepsch, Journ. fur Orn., 1873, 235 (Santa Cat- 

 arina, s. Brazil; synonomy, crit. , etc. ) ; 1889, 294 (Tarapoto, upper Amazons; 

 crit.). — BoucAHD and Beelepsch, The Humming Bird, ii, 1892, 43 (Porto 

 Eeal, Brazil). 



IMotacilla'] cyanocephala Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 990 (= female; based on 

 Sylvia viridis Brisson, Orn., iii, 531, pi. 28, fig. 4; Blue-headed Warbler Latham, 

 Synopsis, ii, pt. 2, 503, etc.; Cayenne). 



Nectarinia cyanocephala Swainson, Zool. Illustr., ser. 1, vol. ii, 1822, pi. 117. , 



Dlacnis} cyanocephala Geay, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102 (not pi. 34, fig. 2).— Cabanis, 

 in Schomburgk's Eeis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 675. 



Dacnis cyanocephalus D'Oebigny, Voy. Amer. M6rid., Ois., 1839, 221 (Paraguay; 

 Bolivia). 



(?) Nlectarinia] cieruliocephala Swainson, Birds West Africa, ii, 183-, 141. 



Nectarinia hicolor (not Sylvia bicolor Vieillot, 1807) Becklemichew, Nouv. Mto. 

 Soc. Mosc, i, 1829, 378, pi. 23. 



D[acnis'] bicolor Geay, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102. 



Coereba caerulea (not of Vieillot) Myiarchusximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, 1831, 766. 



Dacnis cyanater Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 458. — Lafeesnaye and D'Oebigny, 

 Synopsis Avium, i (Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1837), 21 (Yuracares, prov. Chiquitos, 

 Bolivia).— PucHEEAN, Rev. etMyiarchusg. Zool., vi (2), 1854, 70 (crit.). 



Dacnis nigripes (not of Pelzeln) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 269 

 (monogr. ). 



[Dacnis cay ana.'] b. Subsp. iypica Sclatee, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 20, in 

 list of specimens. 



DACNIS CAYANA ULTRAMARINA (Lawrence). 

 ULTRAMASINE DACNIS, 



Similar to D. c. cayana, but adult male usually with the blue of a 

 much deeper and less greenish hue, the color changing from bright 

 ultramarine or cobalt blue when viewed toward the light to greenish 

 blue viewed from the light; chin and throat decidedly duller black,^or 



' The throat is similarly dull colored in examples of so-called D. cayana from 

 southwestern Brazil (Chapada) , but the birds from that district should undoubtedly 

 be separated as a distinct subspecies from true D. cayana, being much larger as well 

 as greener than the typical form from the lower Amazon Valley, Cayenne, etc. 




BIRDS OF WORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 395 



dull grayish black washed with dull blue; adult female less yellowish 

 green than that of D. c. cayana^ with blue of head deeper and less 

 greenish. 



AdMlt male. — Lores, short triangular postocular streak, and back 

 black, the last sometimes slightly glossed or overlaid with dull bluish; 

 chin and throat dull grayish black or blackish gray, tinged or glossed 

 with dull blue; wings and tail black, the middle wing-coverts broadly 

 tipped with bright blue, the greater coverts and tertials broadly, the 

 secondaries and primaries in part (sometimes also median rectrices), 

 narrowly, edged with the same; rest of plumage bright blue, usually 

 cobalt or ultramarine when viewed toward the light,^ changing to more 

 greenish blue when viewed from the light; concealed portion of upper 

 tail-coverts black, the plumage of under parts grayish beneath the sur- 

 face; bill brownish black terminally, more brownish basally, especially 

 on mandible; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 102.9-119.9 (110.7); wing, 60.2-66.3 (63); tail, 41.1-14.7 (42.7); exposed 

 culmen, 12.4-13.7 (13); tarsus, 15.2-17 (16); middle toe, 10.2-10.9 

 (10.7).^ 



Adult female. — Yellowish grass green, brighter on rump and upper 

 tail-coverts, rather lighter (approaching apple green) on under parts; 

 head greenish blue, the throat light bluish gray; lesser wing-coverts 

 darker greenish blue than head, the centers of feathers (like those of 

 pileum) darker; bill and feet as in the adult male, but the former more 

 distinctly and extensively brownish basally; length (skins), 105.4-117.3 

 (113); wing, 62-64.3 (63.5); tail, 40.9-44.6 (42.7); exposed culmen, 13- 

 14 (13.5); tarsus, 15.5-16.5 (16); middle toe, 10.9-11.4 (11.2).^ 



Isthmus of Panama (Panama Railroad) to eastern Nicaragua (Grey- 

 town; Rio Escondido; Chontales, etc.). 



Dacnis ccsrebicolor (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 219 

 (Panama E. E. ). 



Dacnis uUramarina Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, 1864, 106 (Panama 

 R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence?); Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 180 (Greytown, 

 Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 97 (Angostura, Costa Rica).— Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 348 (Panama B. R.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1864, 269 (monogr.).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Ijond., 1870, 185 

 (Chepo, Isthmusof Panama).— Berlepsch, Journ. fur Orn., 1873, 236(crit. ).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Cent. -Am., Aves, i, 1883, 244.— Zeledon, Anal. 

 Myiarchuss. Nae. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (Las Trojas de Pun tarenas).— Richmond, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusa., xvi, 1893, 487 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).— Cherrie, 

 Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 17 (Terrdba, s. w. Costa Rica). 



[Dacnis] uUramarina Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 



[Dacnis eayana.'] a. Subsp. uUramarina Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 20, in list of specimens. 



' The color of D. c. eayana in the same position is cerulean or turquoise blue, 

 changing to bluish green. 

 * Seven specimens. 

 ' Five specimens. 




396 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(?) Dacn ix cayana (not Motacilla cnyan'a Linnaeus) Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 185 (Myiarchusna de 



Choroha, Veragua); 1872, 313, 314 (Ohontales, Nicaragua).— Sclatee, Cat. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 19, part (Ohontales, Nicaragua; Ohepo, Veragua; 



Lion Hill and Panama, Panama B. R.) . 

 (7) "Dacnis cayana glaucogularis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lond., Aug. 1, 1896, 336 (La Gloria and La Merced, centr. Peru; coll. 



Branicki Myiarchusa. ).' 



DACNIS VIGUIERI Oustalet. 

 VieUIER'S DACNIS. 



Adult male. — Bluish green, the lores, back, and tail black; primaries 

 black, with inner webs edged with white; distal secondaries blackish, 

 edged with green, proximal secondaries (tertials) broadl_v edged with 

 yellowish green, their inner webs blackish; bill and feet black; length, 

 119.9; tail, 50; tarsus, 15; exposed culmen, 9.9. 



" Head, throat, breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts bright green 

 glossed with blue, corresponding with the color called in France 

 cendre-vert; lores, back, and tail deep black; remiges black, their 

 inner webs edged with white; innermost secondaries black margined 

 with clear green, the remaining secondaries for the greater part green 

 with an inner margin of black; lesser (?) coverts glossy yellowish or 

 golden green, the other coverts brilliant green glossed with blue, but 

 the concealed portions black; bill and feet uniform black. Iris golden 

 yellow (according to M. Viguier)."^ 



Isthmus of Panama (coast of Gulf of Darien). 



A very distinct species, which I have not seen. 



iJacnis mgrmerj Oustalet, in Salvin and Godman'sBiol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, Nov., 



1883, 246 (Isthmus of Panama; coll. Paris Myiarchuss.). 

 Dacnis vigueri Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, pi. I5a, fig. 3. 



DACNIS VENUSTA Lawrence. 

 SOARXET-THIGHED DACNIS. 



Adult male. — Forehead, lores, orbits, triangular postocular mark, 

 anterior portion of malar region, chin, throat, and rest of under parts 

 (except thighs) greenish black or dark "invisible" green; thighs 

 bright scarlet; head and neck, except as described, scapulars, median 

 portion of back, rump, and part of upper tail-coverts rich turquoise 

 blue; wings, tail, and longer upper tail-coverts black; under wing- 

 coverts partly white; bill black; legs and feet brownish (in dried 

 skins); length (skins), 114.8-124: (119.1)_; wing, 63.5-71.4 (68.8); tail, 



'Typical specimens (received from the Branicki Myiarchusseum) are undistinguishable 

 from a light-colored example of D. c. uUramarina from Chiriqui. All Peruvian 

 specimens examined agree with the Central American form in the color of the 

 throat (af distinguished from that of D. c. cayana), but none of them exhibit the 

 deep blue color characteristic of most specimens of D. c. uUramarina, being in this 

 respect like true D. my ana. 



^Free translation of Oustalet's original description, in Biologia Centrali-Americana, 

 Aves, i, 246. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 397 



il.7^3.2 (42.i); exposed culmen, 12.2-13 (12.4); tarsus, 15.2-16.5 

 (16.7); middle toe, 10.1-11.2 (10.9).^ 



Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck dull or dusky greenish olive, 

 the feathers narrowly and indistinctly tipped or margined with 

 brighter greenish; sides of head and' neck glaucous-green; back olive, 

 tinged or washed with dull greenish; scapulars, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts glaucous-green, the last brighter, inclining to nile blue; wings 

 and tail olive, with indistinct paler edgings, except the middle and 

 greater wing-coverts which, respectively, are tipped and edged distinctly 

 with light olive; chin, throat, and chest light buffy grayish, changing 

 posteriorly to buffy yellowish on abdomen and buff on anal region and 

 under tail-coverts, the thighs tinged with red; bill and feet as in adult 

 male; length (skins), 111.3-122.9 (118.4); wing, 61.7-69.1 (66); tail, 

 40.6^2.9 (41.4); exposed culmen, 11.9-13.2 (12.7); tarsus, 14.7-15.7 

 (15.5); middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (11.2).^ 



Immature nixde. — Forehead, lores, postocular space, anterior part 

 of malar region, chin, and throat uniform black, as in the adult male; 

 rest of head bright cerulean or turquoise blue, becoming dusky olive 

 on occiput; otherwise like the adult female. 



Toung male. — Similar to the adult female, but duller and grayer 

 above, the sides of head and neck gray instead of blue; no blue on 

 scapulars; middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with 

 pale grayish. 



Highlands of Costa Rica (Dota mountains, Tucurriqui, Turrialba, 

 Naranjo de Cartago, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Candelaria, etc.) to Colom- 

 bia (Remedios, province of Antioquia).^ 



Daenis sp. Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 319 (Panama R. R.). 



Dacnis venusta (not Sylvia venusia Descourtilz, 1856*) La whence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. 

 Hist., N. Y., vii, 1862, 464 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 97 (Dota Mts., Costa 

 Rica).— ScLATBE, Ibis, 1863, 315, pi. 7 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 24 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, and BugabS, 

 Veragua; Panama; Remedios, Colombia). — SoLATERand Salvin, Proe. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1864, 348 (Panama R. R.); 1879, 497 (Remedios, prov. Antio- 

 quia, Colombia). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 269 (monogr.). — 

 Salvadoei, Atti Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 172 (Costa Rica) .—Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 185 (Bugaba, Veragua). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1878, 54 (Candelaria, Costa Rica) . — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1883, 245. — Zelbdon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 

 (Naranjo de Cartago; Pozo Azul de Pirris; Turrialba). — Cherrie, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 529 (descr. young); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, 

 Aves, 1893, 17 (Boruea, s. w. Costa Rica). 



[Daenis} venusta Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 117, no. 1461. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 180. 



' Six specimens. 



' Five specimens. 



'I have not seen Colombian specimens. These should be carefully compared with 

 those from Costa Rica. 



^Sxjhia venusta Descourtilz, Orn. du Br^sil, 1854-56, 37, pi. 42, fig. 3; = Daenis 

 [Atekodacnis} analis D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye. 




398 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Genus CCEREBA Vieillot. 



Owefta Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 70. {Ty^e, Gerthia jlaveola Linnaeus.) 

 Certhiola Sundevall, Oefv. Vet.-Ak. Handl. Stockholm, 1835, 99. (Type, Cerlhia 



flaveola Linnaeus.) 

 Arbelorhina^ Cabanis, Wiegmann's Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1847, 325. (Substitute 



for Cosreba Vieillot).'' 



Kather small Coerebidse with very acute decui'ved bill, long tarsus 

 (nearly one-third as long as wing) and rounded tail, with very broad 

 rectrices; plumage varied with dusky or grayish and yellow, white, or 

 grayish, or else entirely black. 



Bill about as long as head or a little shorter, strongly decurved ter- 

 minally, with tip very acute; culmen distinctly ridged, gradually curved 

 downward from the base; commissure distinctly arched, most strongly 

 so toward base, the rictal portion fleshy or tumid ; gonys slightly con- 

 cave, its base forming a slight but decided angle; depth of bill at ba,se 

 equal to about one-third exposed culmen or slightly less, the basal 

 width decidedly less than the depth. Nostril exposed, longitudinal, 

 occupying about the lower half of nasal fossa. Rictal bristles obsolete. 

 Wing rather long, rather pointed (eighth, seventh and sixth primaries 

 longest, ninth intermediate between fifth and fourth); wing-tip slightly 

 shorter than commissure, much shorter than tarsus. Tail much shorter 

 than wing (decidedly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of 

 secondaries), rounded, the rectrices very broad. Tarsus long (nearly 

 one-third as long as wing), its scutella rather distinct; middle toe, with 

 claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe almost 

 entirely free from inner toe, but united for more than half its length 

 to outer toe. 



Coloration {sexes alike). — ^^Above grayish, olive, or blackish, usually 

 with a yellow patch on rump and a white spot at base of primaries; a 

 white, gray, or yellowish superciliary stripe; under parts whitish or 

 grayish, the breast (sometimes abdomen also) yellow; lateral rectrices 

 tipped with white. (Two species, or possibly representing a color 

 phase of normally colored species, entirely black.) 



Range. — Neotropical Region in general, but wanting in Cuba, the 

 Galapagos Archipelago, and on Pacific coast of South America from 

 Peru southward. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CCEREBA. 



a. Plumage parti-colored (blackish or grayish, yellow, white, etc.). 

 h. A conspicuous and sharply defined superciliary stripe o£ white or yellow, 

 c. Superciliary stripe white. (Adults.) 

 d. Throat unicolored (white, gray, or dark slaty); malar region and whole 

 throat same color, abruptly different from blackish of pileum. 

 c. Throat grayish white or very pale gray (not darker than gray no. 9'). 



' "' ApfiriXoi, Kneif; piv, Nase." 



^See Oberholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 32. 



'Ridgway's Nomenclature of Colors, pi. ii, fig. 9. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 399 



/. Flanks pale gray, very slightly if at all tinged with yellow; lower abdo- 

 men and anal region white or yellowish white. (Bahama Islands.) 



Coereba bahameusiB, adults (p. 401) 



/. Flanks yellowish gray or olive, strongly tinged with yellow; lower 



abdomen and anal region yellow. 



g. Black on lores and beneath eyes broader (as in C. bahamensis) ; white 



superciliary stripe much narrower; white spots at tip of lateral 



rectrices much smaller. (Island of Cozumel, Yucatan.) 



Coereba caboti, adults (p. 404) 

 gg. Black on lores and beneath eyes narrower; white supercihary stripe 

 broader (as in C. bahamensis) ; white spots at tip of lateral rec- 

 trices much larger. 

 h. Smaller, with larger bill (male averaging wing 61.2, tail 41.9, 

 exposed culmen 15); yellow of rump tinged with olive. 

 (Islands of Grand Cayman and Cayman Brae, Greater Antilles.) 



Coereba sharpei, adults (p. 404) 



hh. Larger, with smaller bill (male averaging wing 65.8, tail 46.2, 



exposed culmen 14); yellow of rump purer. (Island of Old 



Providence, Caribbean Sea.) Coereba tricolor, adults (p. 405) 



ee. Throat distinctly gray (not paler than gray no. 7). 

 /. Throat paler gray (no. 6 or no. 7). 



g. Back, etc., sooty blackish; white wing-spot large and conspicuous; 

 breast, etc. , brighter yellow. 

 h. Throat deeper gray (no. 6); rump pure lemon or canary yellow; 

 breast, etc., deeper yellow. (Caribbean coast of Colombia and 

 Venezuela; islands of Trinidad, Tobago, and Grenada.) 



Coereba luteola, adults (p. 406) 

 hh. Throat paler gray (no. 7); rump olive-yellow; breast, etc., lighter 

 yellow. (Island of San Myiarchusguel, Bay of Panama. ) 



Coereba cerinoclnnia, adults (p. 408) 



gg. Back, etc., olive, grayish olive, or brownish gray; white wing-spot 



(if present) small, rarely conspicuous; breast, etc., paler and 



duller yellow. 



h. White wing-spot usually distinct (sometimes obsolete) ; smaller 



(wing not more than 59.9). (Southern Mexico to Colombia; 



Ecuador?; Peru?) Coereba mexicaua, adults (p. 409) 



hh. White wing-spot obsolete (entirely concealed by primary coverts); 

 larger (wing 62.2). (Coast district of Guiana and Brazil. ) 



Coereba chloropyga, adults (extralimitaF) . 

 ff. Throat darker gray (slate-gray, or darker). 

 g. Throat slate-gray. 

 h. Smaller, especially the bill (exposed culmen 11.7-12.2); back and 

 wings browner or more sooty. (Island of Haiti, Greater Antil- 

 les.) Coereba bananivora, adults (p. 411) 



' Oeebba CHLOROPYGA (Cabauis). 

 C[er<toZa] cMoropyga Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 97 (Bahia, e. Brazil; coll. 



Heine Myiarchuss.). 

 Cerlhiola chloropyga Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 



1886, 44. 

 Ccereba chloropyga Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iii, 1891, 348 (Abrilonga, 



Cuyaba, and Chapada, s. w. Brazil; crit.) 

 (?) C{erthiola\ guianensis Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., 1, 1850, 97 (Griana; coll. Heine 



Myiarchuss.). 

 Certhiola guianends Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Cayenne). 

 (?) Certhiola majiucula Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865,413. 




400 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Ml. Larger, especially the bill (exposed culmen 13.2-15.2); back and 

 wings darker, more blackish. (Islands of Porto Eico, Vieques, 

 St. Thomas, St. Johns, Oulebra (?), Anegada (?) and Tortola (?), 



Greater Antilles. ) Ccereba portoricensis, adults (p. 412) 



gg. Throat blackish slate. 

 h. White wing-spot not truncated posteriorly, but following edges of 

 primaries more or less beyond it; rump-patch clear yellow, larger 

 and sharply defined; breast darker and duller yellow (wax yel- 

 low). (Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles.) 



Ccereba flaveola, adults (p. 414) 

 hh. White wing-spot (if present) truncated posteriorly; rump-patch- 

 decidedly olivaceous or olive-yellowish, smaller and less sharply 

 defined; breast lighter and clearer yellow. 

 i. White wing-spot larger; breast tinged with ochraceous. (Island 

 of St. Croix, Greater Antilles. ) . .Ccereba newtoni, adults (p. 416) 

 a. White wing-spot smaller, sometimes obsolete or altogether want- 

 ing; breast clear yellow like abdomen. 

 j. White superciliary stripe broader; white wing-spot larger; 

 smaller (wing of female 56.1-56.6, tail 34.3-34.8). (Islands 

 of St. Vincent and Grenada, Lesser Antilles. ) 



Ccereba saccbarina, adults (p. 415) 

 jj. White superciliary stripe narrower; white wing-spot (if pres- 

 ent) much smaller; larger (wing of female 56.9-58.4, tail 

 39.4-40.1). 

 k. No white at base of primaries (except concealed by primary 

 coverts); smaller (wing of male averaging 58.2, tail 40.4, 

 exposed culmen 14). (Islands of Dominica, Guadeloupe, 

 St. Christopher, Nevis, Barbuda and Antigua, Lesser 



Antilles.) Ccereba dominicana, adults (p. 417) 



kk. A white spot at base of primaries; larger (wing of male 

 averaging 58.9, tail 41.1, exposed culmen 14.2). (Islands 

 of St. Bartholorhew, Saba, and St. Eustatius, Lesser 



Antilles.) Ccereba bartolemica, adults (p. 419) 



dd. Throat bioolored (black and white — at least the lower portion being the 

 latter color) ; malar region and sides of throat black, like pileum. 

 e. Throat blackish anteriorly as well as laterally; a gray rictal streak. 

 /. White superciliary stripe shorter, terminating above end of auricular 

 region; whitish space on lower throat much smaller; gray rictal streak 

 more distinct; olive-yellowish band across lower rump indistinct 

 (Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles.) 



Ccereba barbadensis, adults (p. 420) 



ff: White superciliary stripe longer, terminating behind auricular region; 



whitish space on lower throat much larger; gray rictal streak less 



distinct; olive-yellowish band across lower rump much more distinct 



(Island of Curacao, Caribbean Sea.) 



Ccereba uropygialis, adults (p. 420) 

 ee. Throat blackish only laterally; no gray rictal streak. (Islands of Myiarchusr- 

 tinique and Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles.) 



Ccereba martinicana, adults (p. 421) 

 cc. Superciliary stripe bright yellow. 



Ccereba martinicana and C. uropygialis, young' (p. 421) 



' I have not seen a specimen of C. martinicana in first plumage; but in that species 

 younger birds retain the yellow superciliary stripe, at least in part, after the other- 

 wise fully adult plumage has been acquired. 




BIBDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 401 



fcd. Without a conspicuoxis or sharply defined superciliary stripe of white or yel- 

 low. (Young.) 

 c Throat pale dull grayish, or if tinged with yellow the back paler grayish 

 brown and wing more than 57. 

 d. Back, etc., grayish brown or brownish gray; white wing-spot large, con- 

 spicuous; wing 57.1-61 or more. 

 e. Paler, with less yellow below (only on the breast). 



Coereba bahamensis, young (p. 401) 

 ee. Darker, with more yellow (mostly yellow) below. 



Coereba tricolor, young (p. 405) 

 dd. Back, etc., light olive; white wing-spot obsolete; wing 53.3. 



Coereba cbloropyga, young (extralimital). 

 CO. Throat yellow or yellow and dusky; wing not more than 55.9. 

 d. A distinct white spot at base of primaries. 

 e. Under parts mostly yellow. 

 /. Sides of throat m.ostly dusky; white wing-spot larger, the primaries 

 .edged with white for some distance beyond it. 



Coereba flaveola, young (Addenda) 

 ff. Sides of throat with little if any dusky; white wing-spot smaller, nearly 



truncated Coereba portoricensis, young (p. 412) 



ee. Under parts light olive, tinged with yellow on breast. 



Coereba bananivora, young (p. 411) 

 dd. No distinct white spot at base of primaries. 



e. Side of throat dusky Coereba barbadenaia, young (p. 420) 



ee. Whole throat yellowish Coereba mexicana, young (p. 410 ) 



an. Plumage unicolored (plain blackish). 

 h. Larger (wing of male 64, tail 42.7, exposed culmen 16, tarsus 19.6, middle toe 

 12.7). (Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.) 



Coereba atrata, adults (p. 422) 

 66. Smaller (male averaging 59.7, tail 36.3, exposed culmen 14.2, tarsus 18.8, 

 middle toe 11.9). (Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles.) 



Coereba wellsi, adults (p. 423) 



CCEREBA BAHAMENSIS (Reichenbach). 

 BAHAKEA BANANAaiTIT. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Above plain sooty blackish slate, the back, 

 scapulars, wings, and tail usually somewhat lighter than the pileum, 

 sometimes inclining to brownish gray; a large white spot or patch at 

 base of six to seven outermost primaries; remiges and rectrices more 

 or less distinctly edged with pale grayish, the tertials, in fresh plumage, 

 rather broadly margined at tips with the same or grayish white; 

 tail narrowly tipped with whitish (except in worn plumage), the three 

 outermost rectrices with a large terminal spot of white, about 11.4-14 

 in extent on lateral rectrix; rump lemon or canary yellow; a broad 

 white superciliary stripe, extending. from nostril to occiput; loral and 

 auricular regions and sides of neck sooty blackish slate, like pileum, 

 the loral and auricular areas narrowly connected beneath eye; malar 

 region (except anterior point), chin, throat, and upper chest white, or 

 grayish white; lower chest, breast, and median portion of upper belly 

 lemon yellow; rest of under parts white, the flanks tinged with yel- 

 lowish gray, the lower abdomen sometimes faintly tinged with yellow; 

 3654— VOL 2—01 26 




402 BULLBTIK 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



bill black, the tumid rictal portion pale brownish (flesh color in life?); 

 legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins). 



Young.— Above brownish gray or deep drab-gray, the primaries 

 and rectrices marked with white and (together with secondaries) edged 

 with paler gray as in adults; lower rump olive-yellow, much less dis- 

 tinct and more restricted than the pure yellow patch of adults; sides of 

 head brownish gray, without any white superciliary stripe or else with 

 this merely indicated; malar region paler grayish or dull grayish 

 white, faintly tinged with yellow; chin, throat, and upper chest dull 

 yellowish white; rest of under parts similar, the lower chest, breast, 

 and upper abdomen more distinctly yellowish, the sides and flanks 

 strongly tinged with brownish gray; bill and feet as in adults, but the 

 former rather more brownish. 



^(^M^?; ma^e.— Length (skins), 109.7-127.8 (117.6); wing, 61.2-68.3 

 (65); tail, 39.1-48.8 (45); exposed culmen, 14.5-16.8 (15.2); tarsus, 

 18.5-20.8 (20.1); middle toe, 11.4-13.2 (12.4).' 



Adult /OTiafe.— Length (skins), 93-120.4 (108.2); wing, 56.6-62 

 (59.7); tail, 37.6-43.2 (40.1); exposed culmen, 13-16 (13.7); tarsus, 

 17.5-20.3 (18.8); middle toe, 11.2-13 (11.9).' 



' Twenty specimens. 

 " Twelve specimens. 

 Average measurements of specimens from different islands are as follows: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



Two adult males from New Providence. . . 

 Two adult males from Concepcion Island. 

 Two adult males from Eleuthera Island . . 

 Three adult males from Watlings Island.. 



Five adult males from Rum Cay 



Two adult males from Abaco 



Two adult males from Green Cay 



One adult male from Cat Island 



One adult male from Inagua 



FEMALES. 



Two adult females from New Providence . 

 One adult female from Concepcion Island 

 One adult female from Eleuthera Island. . 

 One adult female from Watlings Island. . . 



Two adult females from Rum Cay 



Three adult females from Abaco 



One adult female from Green Cay 



One adult female from Inagua 



In addition to these specimens with sex determined many unsexed examples have 

 been examined. Nevertheless, the different islands are much too inadequately repre- 

 sented to show conclusively whethei there are constant local differences or not. The 

 specimens from Highburna Key and New Providence seem to be lighter and duller 

 colored above than others, but to what extent this is due to difference of season I am 

 unable to determine. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 403 



Bahama Islands (Great Bahama, Abaco, Bimini, Berry Islands, 

 Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Exuma Keys, 

 Great Exuma, Concepcion, Watlings, Eura Cay, Long Island, Green 

 Cay, Myiarchusraguna, Grand Caicos, East Caicos, Little Inagua, Great 

 Inagua,and Highburna Key); Florida Keys (Indian Key— accidental?). 



[Cerihia flaveola] /i. Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 187, part (citation of 

 Certhia bahamerms Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pi. 59; Brisson, Orn. 

 iii, 620). 



[Certhmflaveola} var. x- Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 479, excl. syn. part. 



[Certhia flaveola] var. B. Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 297.— Bechstein, Lath. 

 Ueb., iv, pt. i, 1811, 188. 



C[erthiola'] flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 

 102, part— Bonapakte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 402, part. 



Certhiola flaveola Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 924 (Indian Key, 

 Florida) ; ed. 1860 ("Birds N. Am."), atlas, pi. 8.S, fig. 3; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 301.— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 116 (New Provi- 

 dence, Bahamas); 1861, 117 (Inagua, Bahamas).— Albrecht, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1861, 54.— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 106. 



Certhiola bahamensis Reichenbach, Handb., i, 1853, 253 (based on Certhia baha- 

 memis Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pi. 59).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1864, 271 (monogr.).— Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 412.— Bryant, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 66 (Inagua).— Baird, Journ. fur Orn., 1866, 

 264.— Sundevall, (Efv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 624 (monogr.).- 

 Finsch, Verb. k. k. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 751, 752 (monogr.).— Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428, pi. 19, fig. 5.— 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 327.— ConEs, Birds Col. Val, 1878, 197, footnote 

 (synonymy); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 153.— Cory, Birds Bahama I., 

 1880, 76; Auk, iii, 1886, 47; Birds W. I., 1889, 61.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. 

 BirdSj 1881, no. 159; Proc. CJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 27, 29 (diagnosis; 

 synonymy).— ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 37 (Inagua and New 

 Providence, Bahamas). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 

 1886, no. 635. 



[Certhiola'] 6a7iamensi« Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. — Baird, 

 Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 611. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 427.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. 



C[erthiola'\ bahamensis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 317. — Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 27 (diagnosis); Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 480. 



Ccereba bahamerms American Ornithologists' Union, Suppl. to Code and Check 

 List, 1889, 23; Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 635.— Coey, Auk, viii, 1891, 

 37 (synonymy), 294 (New Providence), 295 (Berry Islands), 296 (Bimini), 

 297 (Caicas; Inagua), 298 (Abaco), 350 (Gt. Bahama, Abaco), 351 (Eleu- 

 thera, Inagua); ix, 1892, 48 (Myiarchusraguna; Watlings I.), 49 (Inagua); Cat. 

 W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 127 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Bimini, Berry, Eleu- 

 thera, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Exuma Keys, Great Exuma, 

 Concepcion, Watlings, Rum Cay, Long, Green Cay, Myiarchusraguna, N. Caicos, 

 Grand Caicos, E. Caicos, Little Inagua and Great Inagua islands, Bahamas). — 

 Northrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 70 (Andros I.).— Ridgway, Auk, viii, 1891, 334 

 (Abaco), 335 (New Providence), 336 (Eleuthera; San Salvador), 337 (Wat- 

 lings I.), 338 (Rum Cay; Green Cay), 339 (Concepcion). 



Cloereba'] bahamensis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 480. 



Certhiola bairdii Cabanis, Journ fiir Orn., xiii, Nov., 1865 (pub. Jan., 1866), 412 

 (Indian Key, Florida; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.) .— Sundevall, Oefv. K. Vet. 

 Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 621 (monogr.). 



[Certhiola] bairdi Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1506. 




J:04 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CCEREBA CABOTI (Baird). 

 COZUHEL BANANAQUIT. 



Similar to C. hahnnu.nsis, but black loral streak broader (at least as 

 wide as the white above it) and continued backward broadlj' beneath 

 eye; white superciliary streak much narrower; white of throat extended 

 over only upper part of chest; yellow of breast continued backward 

 over flanks, and even tinging anal region and lower tail-coverts; yel- 

 low of rump tinged with olive, upper parts in general averagmg some- 

 what dai-ker, and white tips to lateral rcctrices much smaller (that on 

 outermost rectrix not more than 7.6 long, usually much less) and mostly 

 confined to inner web. 



AdvU m«Z«.— Length (skins), 108-121.9 (113.8); wing, 60.7-63 (61.7); 

 tail, 'kO.^-AS.A (41.4); exposed culmen, 13.7-14.7 (14.5); tarsus, 17.8- 

 18.5 (18.3); middle toe, 11.4-12.4 (11.9).' 



Admit female.— IjQngth. (skins), 105.2-112 (108.7); wing, 55.9-58.7 

 (57.7); tail, 35.1-38.6 (36.8); exposed culmen, 13.7-14.2 (14); tarsus, 

 17.5-18.3 (17.8); middle toe, 11.4-11.9 (11.7).' 



Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. 



CertUola caboti "Baird (MS.)" Finsch, Vehr. k. k. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 790, 

 note [nomen nudum). — Baikd, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 612 (Cozumel 

 Island, Yucatan; coll. Dr. S. Cabot); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427; 

 iii, 1874, 508.— Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 327 (crit.).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 251, pi. 15a, fig. 4.— Ridgway, Proc. XJ. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 29 (synonymy), 564 (crit.). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 38. 



ICerthiola] caboti Baird, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 611 (Cozumel Island, Yuca- 

 tan; coll. Dr. S. Cabot, jr.). 



Clerthiola] caboti Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 27 (diagnosis); 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1886, 480. 



Clcereba] caboti Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 41. — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 

 1896, 480. 



CCEREBA SHARPEI Cory. 

 SHARFE'S EANANAQiriT, 



Similar to C. caboti, but smaller, with larger bill and longer toes; 

 superciliary stripe, malar region, chin, and throat pale smoke gray 

 instead of grayish white, the first much broader and the color of the 

 last extending over the upper chest; yellow of rump more restricted 

 and decidedly more tinged with olive; white tips to lateral rectrices 

 much larger (10.2-12.7 in extent on outermost rectrix) and involving 

 both webs. 



Adult inale.— Length (skins), 109.5-117.9 (112.5); wing, 57.9-64.3 

 (61.2); tail, 38.9-44.5 (41.9); exposed culmen, 14.5-15.5 (15); tarsus, 

 17.3-19.8 (19.1); middle toe, 11.4-12.4 (12.2).'' (No females seen.) 



'Seven specimens. ^ Five specimens. 'Six specimens. 




BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 405 



Islands of Grand Cayman, Little Caj-nian, and Cayman Brae/ 

 Greater Antilles (south of Cuba). 



Certhiola sharpei Coey, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 497 (Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles; 

 coll. C. B. Cory), 501 (do.); v, 1888, 157 (do.); vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cay man- 

 Cayman Brae); Birds West Indies, 1889, 288.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1887, 574 (Grand Cayman). 



Ccereba sharpei Coey, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 37 (Grand Cayman; Little Cayman; 

 Cayman Brae); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 129, 154 (do.). 



CCEREBA TRICOLOR (Ridgway). 



OLD PROVIDENCE BANANAaUIT, 



Similar to C. caboti, but larger (except bill and toes), white at base 

 of primaries more extended, white tips to lateral rectrices much 

 larger (about 12.7 long on outermost rectrix) and including both 

 webs, black on lores and beneath eyes much narrower, and white 

 superciliary stripe much broader; in the last two characters agreeing 

 with C. hahamensis. 



Adult male. — Above dull black, including the whole of the exposed 

 portion of the tertials and secondaries; a broad and very distinct 

 superciliary stripe of pure white, extending from the nostrils to the 

 occiput; primaries with a large basal spot of white, extending for 

 about 10.2 mm. beyond the ends of the coverts; basal half of inner web 

 of all the secondaries pure white; three outermost rectrices broadly 

 tipped with white; lower half of rump lemon yellow; broad band on 

 side of head, involving lores and auriculars, and passing beneath but 

 not above the eye, black, this band much narrower anteriorly, and 

 gradually widening posteriorly, where confluent with the black of the 

 nape; a small black line along the lower edge of the rictus; chin, 

 throat, chest and cheeks uniform grayish white; whole breast and 

 upper part of abdomen lemon yellow, changing to olive-gray on the 

 flanks and dull yellowish white on anal region and under tail-coverts; 

 under wing-coverts pure white, the bend bright yellow; bill deep 

 black; feet dusky. Length (skin), 115.6; wing, 65.6-65.8; tail, 45.2- 

 47; culmen, 13.7-14.2; depth of bill at base, 5.1; tarsus, 19.6; middle 

 toe, 11.7.' 



Young. — Above dull grayish brown, the back indistinctly clouded 

 with dusky, the forehead mostly dull black (new feathers); rump, 

 dingy olive-yellow; an indistinct superciliary stripe of pale dingy 

 yellow, becoming nearly white anteriorly; a narrow loral stripe of 



'The single specimen examined from Cayman Brae is obviously different in colora- 

 tion from the five Grand Cayman examples, being much browner (deep hair brown) 

 above, and the yellow of breast and rump inclining more to chrome; but to what 

 extent these differences are due to difference of season (the Cayman Brae specimen 

 was collected in Myiarchusrch, those from Grand Cayman in Myiarchusy and July) it is of course 

 impossible to tell without a sufficient series. 



''Two specimens. 




406 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



duskjr passing beneath the eye, but changing to dull grayish brown, 

 and continuing, broadly, over the auriculars to the nape; lower parts 

 dingy olive-yellow, brighter on the breast and upper part of p.bdomen; 

 anal region and under tail-coverts pale buffy yellowish; lining of wing 

 pure white, changing to yellow along the edge of the wing; wing 

 speculum smaller than in the adult, but still very conspicuous. 

 Island of Old Providence (and St. Andrews?), Caribbean Sea. 



Cerlhiola tricolor Eidqway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, July 29, 1884, 178 (island 

 of Old Providence, Caribbean ' Sea; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); viii, 1885, 29 

 (synonymy). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 38.— Cory, Auk, iv, 

 1887, 180 (Old Providence). 



C[erthiola] tricolor Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 27 (diagnosis). 



(7) Certhiola tricolor Cory, Auk, iv, 1889, 181 (St. Andrews I., Caribbean Sea). 



C[pdreba] tricolor Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40. 



CCEREBA LUTEOLA (Cabanis). 

 TOBAGO BAN^AITAaUIT. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Upper parts plain sooty black, relieved by a 

 white superciliary stripe (extending from nostril^ to occiput), a white 

 spot (of variable extent) at base of six or seven outermost primaries 

 (except the outermost), and a large patch of clear lemon yellow cover- 

 ing rump; pi'imaries narrowly edged with light grayish; inner webs of 

 two lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white (about 7.6 long on 

 outermost); loral, suborbital, and auricular regions and sides of neck 

 sooty "black, like upper parts; malar region, chin, and throat uniform 

 gray (no. 6, or between no. 5 and no. 6'); rest of under parts lemon 

 yellow (sometimes tinged with or inclining to saffron yellow on chest), 

 becoming paler on abdomen and passing on flanks into j'^ellowish gray 

 or olive, the under tail-coverts white; bill black; legs and feet dusky 

 (in dried skins); length (skins), 84.6-115.1 (100.8); wing, 52.8-62.7 

 (57.2); tail, 29-41.1 (33.8); exposed culmen, 11.9-14 (13); tarsus, 

 16.3-17.8 (17); middle toe, 10.7-11.4 (10.9).^ 



' See Ridgway's Nomenclature of Colors, pi. 2. 



^ Twelve specimens, mostly males. Specimens from different localities average aa 

 follows: 



Ijocaljty. 



One adult from Bogota, Colombia 



Two adult males from Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia 



Two adults (one male) from Venezuela 



One adult male from Myiarchusrgarita Island, Venezuela . 



Three adults from Trinidad 



Two adult males from Tobago 



One adult female from Tobago 



Wing. 



54.9 

 57.7 

 56.6 

 52.8 

 57,2 

 59.4 

 56.9 



Tail. 



88.4 



36.6 



29 



36.1 



37.1 



32.8 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen, 



11.7 

 12.4 

 13.2 

 11.9 

 13.2 

 13.7 

 13 



17 



17.3 



16.3 



17 



17.3 



17.5 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



10.9 

 10.9 

 10.7 

 10.7 

 11.4 

 10.7 



The specimen from Bogota is exactly intermediate in coloration between C. luteola 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 407 



Caribbean coast district of Colombia and Venezuela; Trinidad; 

 Tobago; Grenada.* 



Coerebaflaveola (not Certhia ftaveola Linnaeus) Vieillot, Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 611, 

 part (description; see Finsch, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 

 767). 



Certhiolaflaveola Haktlaub, Isis, 1847, 612 (Trinidad)— Sclatbe, Cat. Am. Birds, 

 1862, 54, part (Tobago).— Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 126. 



Clerlhiola] luteola Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello and Cumanii, 

 Venezuela; Catagena, Colombia; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.; ex Nectarinia luteola 

 Lichtenstein, manuscript).— Reichenbach, Handb., ii, 1853, 251, pi. 561, 

 flg. 3822.— Lichtenstein, Nom. Av. Myiarchuss. Berol., 1854, 56. 



Certhiola luteola Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 259.— Sclatee, Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 53, part (Trinidad); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 40 

 (Santa Myiarchusrta and Valle Dupar, Colombia; Carupano, Venezuela; Trini- 

 dad).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271.— Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 

 81 (Trinidad).— Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 179; 

 1868, 167 (Venezuela).— Sundevall, (Efv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 

 621 (monogr.).— Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 561 (Trinidad); Verh. 

 k. k. zool.-bot. ^'esellsch. Wien, 1871, 767 (monogr!).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 

 324.— Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, 119 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia).— Bek- 

 LEPSCH, Ibis, 188^.-, 432 (Angostura, Venezuela).— Ridqw ay, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 29 (synonymy). 



[Certhiola'] luteola Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. — Baird, Am. 

 Nat, vii, 1873, 611 (monogr.); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427. 



Clerthiola] hUeola Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 



Ccereba luteola Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 38 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles; Tobago; 

 Trinidad; Venezuela; n. coast Colombia) ; Oat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 116,154.— 

 Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 25 (Trinidad; habits; descr. 

 nest).— Robinson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 685 (La Guayra, Ven- 

 ezuela).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 679 (Myiarchusrgarita I., 

 Venezuela). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Myiarchusrta, 

 Colombia). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 313 (near Cartagena, 

 Colombia). 



and C. mexicana. It probably represents the form described by Salvadori and Festa, 

 under the name Certhiola intermedia, the synonymy of which is as follows: 



Certhiola luteola (not of Oabanis) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 452 



(Zamora and Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53, part (do.). 



Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 



1886, 38, part (Zamora and Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador). 

 (?) Certhiola peruviana GABAiiia, Journ. fur Orn., 1865, 413. 

 [Certhiola'] peruviana Baird, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 613; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 



1874, 428. 

 Certhiola intermedia Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, no. 

 357, Aug., 1899, 13 (Valle del Zamora and Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador; coll. Turin 

 Myiarchuss.?). 

 'I give Grenada for the species on the authority of Myiarchus. Cory. The only example 

 of Cwreba from that island in the National Myiarchusseum collection, except the uniformly 

 black C. welM Cory, is apparently C. saccharina; at leaot it agrees fairly well with 

 our single example of that form, and is conspicuously different from C. luteola in its 

 very dark (blackish slate) throat, yellowish olive (instead of clear yellow) rump, 

 and brownish slaty (instead of sooty black) back. I have referred it, provisionally, 

 to C. saccharina. 




408 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(?) C[erthiola] major Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 97, footnote^ ("Guiana;" 

 location of type not mentioned).— Reichenbach, Handb., ii, 1853, 252 

 (Guiana). — Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 259. — Bhembister, 

 Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 156.— Sundevall, (Efv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., 1869, 622 (monogr.). 



(?) [Certhiola'] major Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1502. 



(?) ICerthioki] mmor Bonap.vrte, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 259 (locality not 

 given; coll. Paris Myiarchuss.); Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 51. — Sundevall, 

 Oefv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 622 (monogr.).— Finsoh, Verh. k. 

 k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 790, footnote. 



Certhiola godmani Cory, Auk, vi, July, 1889, 219 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles; 

 coll. C. B. Cory). 



CCEREBA CERINOCLUNIS Bangs. 



SAN MIGTTEL BANANAQUIT. 



Similar to C. luteola, but tbiroat paler gray (much as in C. mexicana), 

 rump less purely yellow and white tips to lateral rectrices much 

 smaller; similar to C. mexicana in color of throat, but upper parts 

 sooty black (as in C. luteola), white wing-spot large and conspicuous 

 (as in C. luteola), lower rump brighter yellowish, and under parts 

 brighter yellow. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Above plain sooty black, the rump olive- 

 yellow becoming purer yellow below; a large and conspicuous spot of 

 white at base of four or five primaries next to the outermost; inner 

 webs of lateral rectrices tipped with white for about 2.5-5.1 in males, 

 much less (sometimes a mere edging) in females; a broad white super- 

 ciliary stripe, extending from nostril to end of auricular region, or 

 beyond; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions and sides of neck 

 sooty black; malar region, chin, and throat gray (about the same tone 

 as in C. mexicana) ; ^ rest of under parts bright lemon yellow (rather 

 lighter than in C. luteola, but brighter than in C. mexicana), slightly 

 tinged with olive laterally, especially on flanks; under tail-coverts 

 whitish with basal (concealed) portion gray; bill black; legs and feet 

 dusky (in dried skin). 



' This seems to be an intermediate between C Vuieola and C. cMoropyga, but nearer 

 the former. Another step toward the latter, apparently, is Cabanis's C[erthiola] 

 guiatiensis (Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 97). Should these really be intermediates, aa sug- 

 gested, then intergradation between C. mexicana, C. luteola, and C. chloropyga may be 

 considered as proven, thus reducing these three to the rank of subspecies, whose 

 names would be as follows: Ccereha chloropyga chloropyga (Lichtenstein), Cweha 

 chloropyga luteola (Cabanis), and Careba chloropyga mexicana (Sclater). Should it 

 be considered advisable to recognize by name intermediate or connecting forms, 

 these should stand as Careba chloropyga guianeiii<is (Cabanis), Ctereba chloropyga 

 major (Oabanis), Ca;reba chloropyga intermedia (Salvadori and Festa), and Coereba 

 chloropyga peruviana (Cabanis) — the last intermediate between C. chloropyga chloro- 

 pyga and C. chloropyga mexicana. Whether a Careba chloropyga magnirostris (Tacza- 

 nowski) should be recognized remains to be determined {Certhiola magnirostris 

 Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1880, 193; Orn. du P6rou, 1, 1884, 441). 



'' Gray no. 6 or no. 7 of Ridgway's Nomenclature of Colors. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



409 



ASmU mafc.— Length (skins), 99.1; wing, 58.9-59.7 (59.2); tail, 

 35.6-38.1(36.8);exposedculmen(one specimen), 12.2; tarsus, 16.3-16.5; 

 middle toe, 10.4-10.9 (10. 7). ^ 



Adult female.— LL&n^^h (skin), 91.4; wing, 52.6; tail, 31; exposed 

 culmen, 12.4; tarsus, 15.2; middle toe, 9.7.^ 



Island of San Myiarchusguel, Bay of Panama, Colombia. 



Cxrtha mexicana columbiana (not Certhiola Columbiana Cabanis) Bangs, Auk, xviii, 



Jan., 1901, 30 (San Myiarchusguel I., Bay of Panama) . 

 Ccereba cerinodunis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Feb. 8, 1901, 52 (San 



Myiarchusguel I., Bay of Panama; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs). 



CCEREBA MEXICANA (Sclater). 



MEXICAN BANANAOTIT. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum uniform sooty blackish, margined on 

 each side by a superciliary stripe of white, extending from nostril to 

 occiput; hindneck, back, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts plain gray- 

 ish olive, the wings and tail similar but slightly darker, with grayish 

 olive edgings; puter webs of four or five outermost primaries white at 

 base, usually showing as a spot, sometimes of considerable extent, 

 beyond tips of primary-coverts, sometimes wholly concealed by the 

 latter; inner webs of lateral rectrices tipped with white, forming on the 

 outermost a spot of variable size; rump olive-yellow, or light yellow- 

 ish olive-green; loral and auricular regions dusky or sooty, forming a 

 broad stripe on sides of head; malar region, chin, and throat uniform 

 light gray (no. 6 or no. 7);^ rest of under parts lemon yellow, more 

 or less tinged with olive, especially on sides, the flanks light yellowish 

 olive, the under tail-coverts dull whitish with pale grayish concealed 

 bases; under wing-coverts white, the edge of wing pale yellow; bill 

 blackish, the mandible usually more or less brownish basally; legs and 

 feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 79.2-98.3 (90.4); 

 wing, 51.3-59.9 (55.1); tail, 26.1-36.1 (31.8); exposed culmen, 11.7-14 

 (13.2); tarsus, 15.7-17.3 (16.3); miadle toe, 10.4-11.7 (10.9).* 



'Two specimens. 



* One specimen. 



"Ridgway's Nomenclature of Colors, pi. 2. 



* Twenty-three specimens. Unfortunately so few of these have the sex determined 

 that I am not able to give measurements of the sexes separately. 



Average measurements according to locality are as follows: 




410 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Young. — Above plain olive, darker on pileum, paler posteriorly, the 

 lower rump pale yellowish olive-green or olive-yellowish; an indis- 

 tinct superciliary stripe of pale yellowish olive; under parts, including 

 throat, olive-yellow, paler on lower abdomen and under tail-coverts, the 

 latter inclining to pale buffy. 



Southern Mexico (States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, etc.) through Cen- 

 tral America and Pacific coast of northern South America to Ecuador. ' 



Certhiola mexicana Sclater, Proc:. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 286 (s. Mexico)^; 1859, 

 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 376 ( Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 54 (Jalapa; Choctum, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 38, part 

 (Jalapa; Choctum; Turrialba, Costa Rica; Bugaba and Cordillera del Chucu, 

 Veragua; Lion Hill and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Gorgona I., Bogota 

 and Medellin, Colombia; Quito, Intaj, and Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador).— 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1861, 352 (Choctum, Guatemala); (?) Novit. Zool., ii, 1895, 4 

 (Cajamaica, etc., Peru, 5,500-9,200 ft.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1864, 271 (monogr.). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 349 (Panama R. R. ); 1879, 497 (Antioquia, Colombia).— Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Turrialba and Atenas, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Rica).— Sundevall, Oefv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockholm, 1869, 622, 623 (monogr.).— Finsch, Verb. K. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. 

 Wien, 1871, 772 (monogr.)— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 

 i, 1883, 250, part.— Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1883, 543 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador; crit. ). — Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 

 288 (Bucaramanga, Colombia) . 



[C'erthiola] mericana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1500. — Sclater and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17.— Baird, in Balrd, Brewer, and Ridg- 

 way's Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428. 



C\erihiola\ mexicana Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 480. 



ICerlhiola ine.cicaTia] a. mexicana Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 27, 

 28 (diagnosis; synonymy). 



Careba mexicana Zeledon, An. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (Naranjo de 

 Cartago; Volcan de Barba). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 

 488 (Greytown, Nicaragua; Rio Frio, Costa Rica). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. 

 Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 28 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). 



C[(ereha} mexicana Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 189.1, 41. — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. 

 Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 480. 



Certhiola luieola (not of Cabanis) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 38 

 (Bogota, Colombia); 1858, 452 (Ecuador); 1860, 83, 292 (do.); Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 53, part (Nanegal and Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador; Bogota, Colom- 

 bia).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 291 (Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 

 175 (David, Chiriqui).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 137 (David, 

 Chiriqui) ; 1870, 185 (Bugaba and Cordillera del Chuca, Veragua).— (?) Scl.i- 

 ter and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 260 (upper and lower Ucayali, 

 e. Peru). 



[Cerlhiokil luieola Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1499 (Ecuador). 



' I have not seen specimens from western Ecuador, but several authorities agree in 

 considering them not separable from true C. mexicana. I have not been able to 

 substantiate, by recent careful comparison, alleged differences between Colombian 

 examples and those from southern Mexico, Guatemala, etc. 



^Type locality probably Cordova, Vera Cruz. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 411 



Cerlhiola colvmbiana Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., xiii, Nov., 1865 (pub. Jan., 1866), 

 412 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.).— Sundevall, Oefv. k. Vet.-Ak. 

 Forh. Stockh., 1869, 622 (monogr.)— SALVADORiand Festa, Boll- Myiarchuss. Zool., 

 etc., Torino, xv, no. 357, 1899, 13 (Gualea, Forestedel Peripa, etc., w. Ecua- 

 dor; crit). 



ICerthiola] columhiana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1507. 



Certhiola mexicana columbiana Bbblepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., xxxii, April, 1884, 

 276 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). 



ICerthiola mexicana] /3. columbiana Ridgtvay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Apr. 20, 

 1885, 27, 29 (diagnosis; synonymy). 



Clareba'] mexicana columbiana Coky, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 41. 



CCEREBA BANANIVORA (Gmelin). 

 HAITIAN BANANAairiT. 



Similar to C. mexicana, but throat decidedly darker, rump clear yel- 

 low (abruptly defined anteriorly), white wing-spot much larger, and 

 bill much smaller. 



Adult {sexes alike). — Pileum dark sooty brown (clove brown or very 

 dark sepia); rest of upper parts (except rump) similar but rhore or 

 less distinctly paler; lower rump canary yellow, forming an abruptly 

 defined broad band or transverse patch; a white patch at base of four 

 or five primai'ies next to the outermost; inner webs of lateral rectrices 

 more or less broadly tipped with white (this sometimes 6. 3 in extent 

 on outermost rectrix); a white superciliary stripe, extending from 

 nostril to end of auricular region; loral, suborbital, and auricular 

 regions dark sooty brown, like pileum; malar region, chin, and throat 

 • uniform mouse gray or brownish slate-gray; chest, breast, and upper 

 abdomen lemon or gamboge yellow, changing on flanks into yellowish 

 olive-gray and on lower abdomen into pale yellow, the under tail- 

 coverts white or yellowish white, with basal (concealed) portions 

 brownish gray; bill blackish; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky horn 

 color. 



Young. — Above plain brownish olive, including pileum and rump, 

 the latter scarcely, if at all, tinged with yellow; superciliary stripe 

 narrow and indistinct, pale dirty yellowish instead of white; under 

 parts, including throat, pale dull yellowish, more or less tinged with 

 olive, especially on chest, sides, and flanks, deepest on the first; breast 

 and abdomen more or less tinged or mixed with brighter yellow. 



Adult male.— Length (skin), 95.5; wing, 57.2; tail, 36.3; exposed 

 culmen, 12.2; tarsus, 16.5; middle toe, 10.2.^ 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 92.7-96.5 (94.7); wing, 53.6-56.4 

 (55.1); tail, 31.5-35.6 (33.5); exposed culmen, 11.9; tarsus, 15.2-16.8 

 (16); middle toe, 10.2-11.2 (10.7).' 



Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 



' One specimen. ^ Two specimens. 




412 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Motadlla] bananivora Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, pt. ii, 1788, 951 (St. Domingo; based 



on Bananiste Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 332; Banana Warbler 'La.tham, Synop. 



Birds, ii, pt. ii, 498). 

 Certhiola bananivora Bry.^nt, Proc. Boat. Soc. N. H. , xi, 1865, 95 (Santo Domingo).— 



EiDGwAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy).— Cory, Birds 



Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 41, pi. [21] fig. 1; List Birds W. I., 1885, 9; Auk, 



iii, 1886, 49; Birds W. I., 1889, 63.— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 



40 (Samana, Santo Domingo). 

 [Certhiolal bananivoraBAiRD, Am. Nat., vii, 1873,611 (monogr.); in Baird, Brewer, 



and Ridgway's Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427. 

 Clerthwla] bananivora Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 

 Catreba bananivora Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 38; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 



131.— Chbeeie, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 12. 

 Certhiola chmse Hartlaub, Naumannia, ii, Heft. 2, 1852, 56 [nomen nudum; 



ex Herz von Wurtemburg, manuscript). — Finsch, Verb. k. k. zool.-bot. 



Gesellsch. Wien, xxi, 1871, 771 (monogr.). 

 ]_CertM6la'\ clusix Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. 

 Certhiola cluciie Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151. 

 Certhia luteola var. B. Bechstein, Latb. Ueb., i, 1793, 602 (based on Bananiste 



Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 332). 

 Certhiola ? Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 233 (Haiti). 



CCEREBA PORTORICENSIS (Bryant). 

 PORTO RIOAN BANANAttinT. 



Similar to C bananivora, but larger; upper parts darker and less 

 brownish; throat clearer slate-gray; white tips to inner webs of lateral 

 rectrices much larger, and white wing-patch more truncated posteriorly. 



Admits {sexe,s alike). — Above plain sooty blackish or very dark sooty 

 olive, the rump (abruptly) canary yellow, sometimes tinged with olive; 

 a white patch at base of four or five primaries next to the outermost; 

 inner webs of lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white, this 7.6-11.4 

 in extent on outermost rectrix (on which the white sometimes involves 

 the corresponding part of outer web also); a conspicuous white super- 

 ciliary stripe, extending from near nostril to end of auricular region; 

 loral, suborbital, and auricular regions sooty blackish, like pileum, 

 etc. ; malar region (except anterior point, which is blackish), chin and 

 throat uniform clear slate-gray; chest, breast, and upper abdomen 

 lemon yellow, fading into pale ^^ellow on lower abdomen, the under 

 tail-coverts white, or yellowish white, with basal (concealed) portion 

 slate-gray; flanks yellowish gray, or light grayish olive tinged with 

 yellow; bill black, the basal portion of mandible sometimes brownish; 

 legs and feet dusky or grayish black (in dried skins). 



Young. — Above plain olive, the rump paler and tinged with brownish 

 yellow; primaries and rectrices marked with white as in adults; super- 

 ciliary stripe indistinct, mixed yellowish and light olive; malar region, 

 chin, and throat olive-yellowish indistinctly flecked with olive; rest of 

 under parts olive-yellow, brightest on chest, paler and more olivaceous 

 posteriorly, the under tail-coverts pale yellowish with basal (concealed) 

 portion deep brownish gray. 




BIRDS OP NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



413 



Adult male. — Length (skins), 99.6-124.7 (107.2); wing, 54.4-61.5 

 (58.9); tail, 35.8^1.9 (39.1); exposed culmen, 13.2-15 (14); tarsus,- 

 15.7-17.8 (17); middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (11.2).' 



Adult female. — Length (skins), 96.3-105.2 (100.3); wing, 53.6-55.9 

 (54.9); tail, 35.1-37.6 (36.1); exposed culmen, 13.2-15 (14); tarsus, 

 16-17.5 (16.8); middle toe, 9.7-11.2 (10.4).' 



Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques, Culebra, Anegada, Tortola, Virgin 

 Gorda, St. Thomas, and St. Johns, Greater Antilles.'* 



Carebaflaveola (not Cerlhia flaveola Linnaeus) Vieillot, Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 611, 

 part (Porto Rico). 



Nectarinia flaveola Moritz, Wiegmann'a Archiv. fur Naturg., ii, 1836, 387. 



Certhiola flaveola ScLAT^R, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54, part (St. Thomas).— Cassin, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271 (St. Thomas).— Taylo'k, Ibis, 1864, 166 

 (Porto Rico). 



Certhiola (from St. Thomas) Newton, Ibis, 1859, 68. 



Cerlhiola flaveola. Var. portorieensis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, Jan., 

 1866, 252 (Porto Rico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Journ. fiir Orn., 1866, 185.— 

 Newton, Zool. Rec, 1866, 88. 



Certhiola portorieensis Sundevall, Oefv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 598, 622 

 (monogr.).— Finsch, Verb. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 760 

 (monogr.).— GuNDLACH, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1874, 312 (Porto Rico); 1878, 179 

 (do.); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 216 (do.).— Ridgway, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, 1884, 172 (St. Thomas); viii, 1885, 29 (synonymy).— 

 Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 48 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas); Birds W. I., 1889, 62 

 (do.).— ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 41 (Porto Rico). 



[Certhiola'] portorieensis Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16 (Porto 

 Rico; St. Thomas).— Baird, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 611 (Porto Rico; St. 

 Thomas); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427 (do.).— Cory, List Birds W. I., 

 1885, 9 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas). 



Clerthiolal portorieensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 



Ccereba portorieensis Cory, Auk, vii, Oct., 1890, 347 (St. Thomas), 375 (Tortola; 

 Virgin Gorda); viii, 1891, 38 (Porto Rico; Culebra; Anegada; Tortola; Vir- 

 gin Gorda; St. Thomas; St. John); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 116 (do.). 



'Twelve specimens. 



' Eight specimens. 



Specimens from different islands average as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. Tail. ^.Xfn'' Tarsus, 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Six adult males from Porto Rico 



Six adult males from Vieques 



One adult male from St. Johns 



FEMALES. 



Six adult females from Porto Rico 



Two adult females from Vieques 



One adult female from St. Johns 



SEX UNDETERMINED. 



Five adults from St. Thomas 



59.4 

 58.7 

 59.4 



55.1 

 55.1 

 52.8 



38.1 

 40.1 

 40.1 



36.1 

 36.1 

 33.8 



14.2 



14 



14 



14.2 

 13.2 

 13.7 



17.5 

 16.8 

 18 



16.8 

 16.3 

 16.5 



11.2 

 11.2 

 11.9 



10.4 

 10.4 

 11.2 



'Only specimens from Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, and St. Johns seen by me. 




414 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Certiola sti. thomae Sundevall, Oefv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 621 (St. 



Thomas). 

 Certhiola sancti-thomie Ridgway, Proc. V. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Apr. 20, 1885, 28 



(St. Thomas, Greater Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.) .— Sclatee, Cat. Am. 



Birds, xi, 1886, 42.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 48; Birds W. I., 1889, 62. 



CCEREBA FLAVEOLA (Linnaeus). 

 JAMAICAN BANANAaiTIT. 



Similar to C. portoricensis, but throat much darker, white wing-patch 

 much larger and continued along edges of primaries, breast duller 

 (more brownish) yellow, and color of back, etc., still blacker. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Upper parts (except rump) black or sooty 

 black; rump (abruptly) clear lemon yellow; a large white patch at base 

 of five or six outermost primaries, the white extending for a consider- 

 able distance along edges of the quills; lateral rectrices very broadly 

 tipped with white (on both webs), the white 7.6-12.7 in extent on out- 

 ermost rectrix; a broad superciliary stripe of white, extending from 

 nostril to end of auricular region; loral, suborbital and auricular 

 regions black; malar region, chin, throat, and upper chest blackish 

 slate; breast brownish yellow or wax yellow, the rest of under parts 

 lemon yellow, becoming paler posteriorly, the under tail-coverts white 

 or yellowish white, with basal (concealed) portion slaty; bill black, 

 usually becoming somewhat horn colored basally; legs and feet dusky 

 (in dried skins). 



Adult mafe.— Length (skins), 93-99.3 (95.8); wing, 54.4-57.4 (56.1); 

 tail, 33.3-37.8 (35.8); exposed culmen, 11.9-13.5 (12.4); tarsus, 16-16.6 

 (16.3); middle toe, 9.7-10.9 (10.4).' 



Adult femcde. — Length (skin), 100.6; wing, 59.9; tail, 38.1; exposed 

 culmen, 12.7; tarsus, 16.5; middle toe, 9.9.^ 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



[Cerihia] flaveola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 119 (based on Luscirdaa. 

 Philomela e fusco et luteo varia Sloane, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 307, pi. 259, fig. 3; 

 Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, iii, pi. 122, up. flg. ; Black and Yellow Oreeper 

 Edwards, Gleanings, pi. 362, fig. 3); ed. 12, i, 1766, 187 (excl. var. /J).— 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 479 (excl. vars. fi, x)-— Latham, Index Om., 

 i, 1790, 297 (excl. var.).— Bechstein, Lath. Uebers., iv, 1793, 188 (excl. 

 var.). 



[Certhia flaveola'] /3 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 479, part. 



ICerthia:] flaveola Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 297, part; Gen. Hist. Birds, iv, 

 1822, 283 (excl. vars. /?, r, and 5). 



Certhia flaveola Denny, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, 39. 



Coereba flaveola Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 70; Enc. M^th., ii, 1823, 611, 

 (excl. var., part).— Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 38.— Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 339 

 (crit.). 



C[ertMola} flaveola Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102, part. 



' Four specimens. *One specimen. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 415 



Certhwla flaveola Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 84; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pi. 

 16.— Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 259.— Reichenbach, Handb., 

 ii, 1853, 250, pi. 561, fig. 3823.— BnKMEisTBB, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 

 156.— ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, 73; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54, 

 part (Jamaica); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 43.— Albrecht, Journ. fiir. 

 Om., 1862, 196.— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 296.— Cassin, 

 Proc- Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271.— Newton, Zool. Record, 1864, 76.— 

 Cabanis, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1865, 412.— Sundevall, Oefv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., 1869, 621 (monogr.).— Finsch, Verb. k. k. zool.-bot. Gessellsch. 

 Wien, 1871, 756 (monogr.).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30 

 (synonymy).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 50; Birds W. I., 1889, 64. 



[Certhwla] flaveola BoiiAP ARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 402, part.— Gray, Hand-list, 

 i, 1869, 120, no. 1497.— Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16.— 

 Baird, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 610; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427.— Coky, 

 List Birds W. L, 1885, 9. 



C[erthiola'] flaveola Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 103— Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 



Coerebaflaviola Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 130. 



CCEREBA SACCHARIN A (Lawrence). 

 ST. VINCENT BANANAatJIT. 



Similar to (7, luteola but back, etc. , dusky brownish slate instead of 

 black, rump light yellowish olive or olive-yellowish instead of clear 

 lemon yellow, white superciliary stripe much broader (especially 

 anteriorly), and throat dark slate or blackish slate instead of slate- 

 gray. 



Adidt {sexes alike).— VWema uniform sooty black, margined on each 

 side by a broad superciliary stripe of pure white, extending from 

 nostril to sides of occiput; rest of upper parts plain dusky brownish 

 slate, the rump light yellowish olive or olive-yellowish (as in C. chloro- 

 pyga); a white spot at base of longer primaries; inner webs of three 

 outermost rectrices broadly tipped with white (about 5.8-7.1 in extent 

 on lateral rectrix) ; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions and sides of 

 neck sooty black, like pileum; malar region, chin, and throat uniform 

 dark slate or blackish slate; rest of under parts lemon yellow, more or 

 less tinged with olive, especially on sides, the flanks yellowish olive- 

 gray, the under tail-coverts dull white; axillars and under wing-coverts 

 dull white; bill black; legs and feet dusky brownish (in dried skins). 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 102.1-115.3 (108.7); wing, 55.6-56.6 

 (56.1); tail, 34.3-34.8 (34.5); exposed culmen, 12.2-13.5 (12.7); tarsus, 

 17.8; middle toe, 10.9-11.2. ' 



Islands of St. Vincent and Grenada,^ Lesser Antilles. 



'Two specimens; one from St. Vincent, the other from Grenada. 



' With only a single specimen each from St. Vincent and Grenada, I am not able 

 to judge whether the birds from the two islands really differ or not. Both specimens 

 are marked "?,'' but that from St. Vincent with an interrogation point. The 




416 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Certhiola saccharina Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, June, 1878, 151 (St. Vin- 

 cent, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 

 190, 487 (St. Vincent).— RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30, 

 (synonymy; St. Vincent; "Grenada"). — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 50 (St. Vin- 

 cent; "Grenada"); Birds W. I., 1889, 64 (do.).— Sclater, Gat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss.,xi, 1886, 42 (St. Vincent; "Grenada").— Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat.Myiarchuss., 

 ix, 1886, 613 (not in Grenada, but on islands immediately northward — He de 

 Ehonde, Carriacou, etc.). 



C{erthiola\ saccharina Ridgway, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis), 



[CertMoZa] saccharina Gory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. 



Ccereba saccharina Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 39 (St. Vincent); Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 17, 116, 134 (do.). 



CCEREBA NEWTONI (Baird). 

 ST. CROIX BANANAaUII. 



Similar to C. Jlaveola, but white wing-patch truncated posteriorly, 

 yellow of rump tinged with olive, and tarsus longer and stouter. 



This form I have not seen. According to a manuscript description 

 of Professor Baird's, it "has a tinge of ochraceous in the yellow of 

 the breast, as in the Jamaican bird [G. Jlaveola], and like it the throat, 

 though rather lighter, is so dark as not to present any contrast with 

 the black of the cheeks. The rump is more olivaceous-green, not 

 yellow. The white patch at base of primaries is quadrate, as in the 

 St. Thomas bird [C portoriceiisis], without involving the outer webs.' 

 The legs are stouter than in either, the tarsus decidedly longer (17.8 in 

 six specimens). In one specimen the white of superciliary stripe is 

 confluent across the forehead, but not in the others. Young specimens 

 have this stripe yellow, white behind, the throat feathers edged with 

 olivaceous-green. " 



Professor Baird gives the measurements of No. 39380, male adult 

 (no longer to be found in the National Myiarchusseum collection), as follows: 

 Length (skin), 109.2; wing, 63.5; tail, M.5;^ exposed culmen, 16.8; 

 tarsus, 17.8; middle toe, 9.9. 



measurements differ somewhat, as may be seen below, though not more than do 

 specimens of one form, in other cases, from the same island. In coloration they are 

 closely alike except the back and wings, which in the St. Vincent specimen are 

 blacker and less brown than in the Grenada example. The latter is clearly not C 

 hdeola, the only yellow-breasted species accredited to Grenada by Myiarchus. Cory, and if 

 not C. saccharina is unquestionably most nearly related to the latter form. 

 The two specimens compare in measurements as follows: 



'Doubtless the edges of the outer webs are meant. 

 ^Probably measured from base of coccyx. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 417 



Island of St. Croix, Greater Antilles. 



Cerlhwla flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnasus) Newton (A. and E. ), Ibin, 1859, 67, 

 pi. 12, fig. 3, egg (St. Croix).— ScLATKE, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54, part (St. 

 Croix).— SuNDEv ALL, (Efv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 623, part (St. 

 Croix). 



[Certhiola'] newtoni Baird, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 611 (St. Croix, Greater Antil- 

 les; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427.— Cory, List 

 Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. 



Certhiola newtoni Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, iii, 1874, 

 508.— RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy).— Sclatek, 

 Cat. Birds Br,t. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 43.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 51; Birds W. I., 

 1889, 65. 



C[erthiola] newtoni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 



Cosreba newtoni Cory, Auk, viii, Jan.,. 1891, 39, 48; Cat. W. I. Birds, 18it2, 17, 

 116, 132. 



Certhiola bartolemica (not Certhia barlolemica Sparrmann) Fixsch, Yerh. k. li. 

 zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 763, part (St. Croix). 



[Certhiola] bartolemica Scla-ier and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16, part (St. 

 Croix). 



[Certhiola'] bartholemica Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9, part (St. Croix). 



CCEREBA DOMINICANA (Taylor). 

 DOHINICAN BANANAaUIT. 



Similar to C. portoricensis, but throat much darker (much as in C. 

 flaveola); yellow rump-patch absent, the lower rump being merelj' 

 tinged with yellowish olive-green or olive-yellowish; white wing-spot 

 obsolete or altogether wanting; general color of upper parts not so 

 dark (on average), and white superciliary stripe nai'rower. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Upper parts plain sooty olive, nearly black on 

 pileum, the back, etc., sometimes inclining to sooty slate, the lowei' 

 rump more or less strongly tinged with j^ellowish olive-green or olive- 

 yellowish, but without a well-defined patch of this color; base of 

 primaries without any white patch, or with a very minute one, the 

 white barely showing beyond tips of primary coverts; inner webs of 

 lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white, this 6.3-10.2 long on outer- 

 most rectrix; a rather narrow superciliary stripe of white (partly 

 yellow in younger birds) extending from sides of forehead to end of 

 auricular region, the forehead also sometimes white or grayish;^ loral, 

 suborbital, and auricular regions sooty blackish; malar region, chin, 

 and throat uniform slate color; rest of under parts lemon yellow, 

 becoming paler and duller posteriorly, the under tail-coverts whitish, 

 the flanks light olive-grayish tinged with yellow; bill black; legs and 

 feet dusky horn color (in dried skins). 



Adult 7nale.—L,ength (skins), 103.6-121.4 (113.8); wing, 55.4-63.2 

 (58.9); tail, 38.1^2.7 (40.1); exposed culnien, 13-15 (14); tarsus, 

 17.3-19.8 (18.3); middle toe, 10.^13.2 (11.4).^ 



'The superciliary stripe sometimes becomes obsolete anteriorly. 

 ^ Nine specimens. 

 3654^vOL 2—01 ^27 




418 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



AdiiJtfcniaL-.^ljQngth (skin,s), 105.4-121.1) (112); wing, 53.S-5S.4 

 (56.9); tail, 38.1-40.1 (39.4); exposed culmen, 13.2-14 (13.5); tarsus, 

 16.s-l,s.3 (lY); middle toe, 10.7-12.4 (11.4).' 



Islands of Dominica, Guadeloupe, Nevis, Barbuda, and Antigua 

 (also Anguilla, Myiarchusrie Galante, Desirade, St. Christopher, and Mont- 

 sornit?'^), Lesser Antilles. 



Certhiold. dominicana T.wlor, Ibis, 1st ser., vi, Apr., 1864, 167 (Dominica, Lesser 

 Antilles; coll. P. L. Sclater). — Newton, Zool. Rec, 1864, 76.— Scndevall, 

 (Efv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 623 (moiiogr.).— Fixscii, Verh. k.k. 

 zool. -but. (Tcsellsch. Wien, 1871, 787 (monogr.).— L.uvuence, Proc. U.S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 56 (Dominica; deacr. nest and eggs), 233 (Antigua), 239 

 (Barbuda); i, 1879, 455 (Guadeloupe; crit.). — Sclatek, Proc. Zool. See. 

 Lond., 1879, 765 (Montserrat); 1889, 326 (Dominica) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 xi, 1886, 44, pi. 5, fig. 2 (Dominica; Montserrat; Antigua; Barbuda) .—Gkis- 

 DALE, Ibis, 1882, 486 (Montserrat).— RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 

 1885, 30 (synonymy).— CoKY, Auk, iii, 1886, 51; Birds W. I., 1889, 65. 



[Cerlhiola'] dominiciinaORW, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1505.— ScL.\TERandSALViN, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17.— Baird, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 612 (niondgr.); in 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428.— Coky, List Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. 



('lertliiold} doiiiiiiiniiKt Riduway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 



i'lnrhii doinbiicniui Cory, Auk, vii, Oct., 1890, 374 (Anegada) ; viii, 1891, 39, part 

 (Dominica; Myiarchusrie Galante; Desirade; Barbuda; St. Christopher; Saba), 47 

 (Antigua), 4S (St. Christopher), 49 (Guadeloupe). 



C[ii:reha'i dominiatna BERLEPScn, Journ. fur Orn., 1892, 78, 79, 80, in text. 



[('(■rt/i»A(] fmiitiillH Baird, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 612 (Antigua, Lesser 

 Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428. 



Cerlhiola fronlalis Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, iii, 1874,508. 



Crrtliiolii sii.iuh'iHilli Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Apr. 20, 1885, 26 (Gua- 

 deloupe, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Sclateh, Cat. Birds Brit 

 Myiarchuss., xi, 18S6, 44 (Dominica; iTuadeloupe). 



Civrehti hurtiilemii-n (not Certhia baiiiileniica Sparrmann) CIory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 17, 154, part. 



' Four siicciiuens. 



■'!\lr. Cory (Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 155) names these islands as inhabited by what 

 he calls ('. barloleiniai, but since he considers C. doiniiiiniiin a synonym of that form 

 1 can not, in the absence of specimens, be sure as to which ihey should be referred. 



Average measurements of si)ecimens from different islands are as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



419 



Ccereba bartliokmica Coky, Cat. W. I. BinlH, ]892, 116, part (St. Christopher; 

 Nevis; Barbuda; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica). 



CCEREBA BARTOLEMICA (Sparrmann). 

 ST. BARTHOLOMEW BANANAQUIT. 



Similar to 0. (Iduiiincitna^ but wliite wing-spot always (?) present 

 and distinct, white superciliary stripe not extending anterior to eye, 

 and size averaging larger. 



AduU //»//c'.— Length (skins), 105.7-122.1.» (ll-i.8); wing, 56.1-61.5 

 (59.2); tail, SS.i-ti.^ (■ll-'l); exposed culmen, 13.7-15 (14.2); tarsus, 

 17.8-18.5 (18); middle toe, 11.4-lti.2 (11.7).' 



Adult femah'.—l^mgih (skin), 101.1; wing, 51.(1; tail, 36.8; tarsus, 

 17.3; middle toe, 11.4.^ 



Islands of St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, Anguilla and Saba, Lesser 

 Antilles. 



Certhia bartolemiai Si',\ru.mann, :Myiarchuss. Carls., fasc. iii, 17S8, pi. 57 (St. Bartholo- 

 mew, Lesser Antilles; coll. Carlson ilus. ).— Bechstein, Lath. Uebers., i, 



1793, 611. 

 Cerlliiula hurtolemica IlEicin.:N)i.\cn, Handb., ii, 1S5;!, 253. — Sundev.xll, Krit. 



Fram. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl., Bd. 2, no. 8, 1S57, 10; (Efv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 



Stockh., 1869, 622 (monogr. ).— Finhcii, Verb. k. k. zool.-bot. Cesellsch. 



VVien, 1871, 763 (monogr.).— !-!ci..\ter, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, 499 



(Anguilla). 

 Cerlhioln hartholemira Ridgw.w, Proo. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30 (references).— 



CoKv, Auk, iii, 1886, 50; Birds W. I., 1889, 64.— Sci.ater, Cat. Birds Brit. 



Myiarchuss., xi, 1886,42. 

 \_Cerlhiola\ burlukinicd ScL.vrER and S.u.vi.n', Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 

 Careba barlokmica Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 39, 46 (Anguilla); Cat. W. I. Birds, 



1892, 17, 154, part (St. Bartholomew). 

 [Cerlhioki] baiiholeinlca B.urd, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 611; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, 



i, 1874, 428.— Cory, List Birds West Indies, 1885,9. 

 C[eHliiola'] baiiluili'iiiica Khjgway, Proc. V. H. Nat.'Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 

 Ccereba bartholemicu Cory, Cat. W. 1. Birds, 1892, 116, part (St. Bartholomew). 

 C[eri/aa] _//((mj/(( Bechstein, Lath. Uebers., iv, 1811, 188, part (variety c). 

 [Cerlliiajkireoki] var. C. Latham, Gen. Hist. Birds, iv, 1824, 284. 

 Ccereba flaveokt (not Ccrllita Jkicculu 'Linniens) Vieillot, Enc. Meth., ii, 1823,611, 



part (St. Bartholomew). 

 C'lerlJdola} Jkireida Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102, part. — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 



i, 1850, 402, part. 



'Four specimens. 



^ One specimen. 



Specimens from different islands average in measurements as follows: 




420 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CCEREBA BARBADENSIS (Baird). 

 BARBADOS BANAITAaUIT. 



Adults {sexes alilte). — Above dark sooty slate color, darkest on 

 pileum, the back more brownish slate; lower rump light yellowish- 

 olive or olive-yellowish; secondaries narrowly margined at ends with 

 pale grayish or dull grayish white; no white spot at base of primaries; 

 lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white on both webs, the white 

 on outermost rectrix about 7.6-8.9 in extent; a white or pale yellow 

 superciliary stripe, broadest anteriorly (on sides of forehead); sides of 

 head below this stripe, sides of neck, chin, upper throat, and sides of 

 lower throat sooty blackish, like pileum; an indistinct rictal streak 

 of grayish; median portion of lower throat white or yellowish white; 

 rest of under parts lemon or gamboge yellow, becoming paler and 

 duller posteriorly, the flanks pale j'ellowish gray or olive, the lower 

 abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white or yellowish white; 

 bill blackish with tumid rictus pale brownish (flesh color in life?); 

 legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 93-96 (94.2); wing, 

 55.6-59.1 (57.7); tail, 36.6^0.4 (38.6); exposed culmen, 12.2-12.7 

 (12.4); tarsus, 17.8-18.3 (18); middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (11.2).' 



Yoang. — Above plain grfi.yish brown, including pileum and sides of 

 head and neck, the middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped 

 with paler; superciliaiy stripe narrow, mostly yellow; sides of throat 

 dusky; rest of under parts, including median portion of throat, light 

 olive-yellow or dull canary yellow, becoming paler posteriorly, the 

 flanks tinged with light brownish olive. 



Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. 



{GexiUiokiX barbadensis Baird, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 612 (Barbados, Leaser 



Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428; iii, 



1874, 508.— Cory, List Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. 

 Certhiola barbadensis Baird, Rrewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, iii, 1874, 



508.— RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy).— Sclater, 



Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 46.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 52; Birds West 



Indies, 1889, 66. 

 C[erlhiola:] bcirbademis 'Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 

 Ccereba barbadensis Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 



116, 134. 

 Claireba'] barbadensis Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 78, 79, in text. 

 Certhiola marlinicana (not of Reichenbach) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 



1874, 174 (Barbados). 



CCEREBA UROPYGIALIS Berlepsch. 

 CURASAO BANANAQUIT. 



Similar to G. iarbadensis, but white throat-patch much larger, 

 extending to median portion of upper throat or sometimes even to 

 chin, and without yellowish tinge; superciliary stripe pure white, 

 longer (terminating beyond or behind auricular region), equally broad 



' Three specimens, with sex undetermined. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 421 



throughout; lower rump more extensivel}- and abruptly light yellow- 

 ish olive or olive-yellowish; gray rictal streak less distinct, and sides 

 of throat, and chin, dark slate color instead of sooty black. 



Younff.— Above plain brownish gray, the rump tinged with light 

 yellowish olive, the middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale 

 buffy grayish; superciliary stripe bright yellow, paler posteriorly: 

 sides of head and neck otherwise plain brownish gray, darker on lores, 

 paler and tinged with yellowish from rictus backward; sides of throat 

 dusky; rest of under parts, including a median throat-stripe extend- 

 ing nearly to chin, canary yellow, faintly tinged with pale olive later- 

 ally, fading into buffy white or pale buffy yellow on anal region and 

 under tail-coverts. 



Adult male. —Length (skins) , 99. 6-104. 6 (102. 1 ); wing, 60. 7-61 (60. 8) ; 

 tail, 40.1-40.9 (40.6); exposed culmen, 12.4-14.2 (13.5); tarsus, 18.3-18.5 

 (18.4); middle toe, 11.7-11.9 (11.8).' 



Island of Curasao, Caribbean Sea. 



Coereba uropygialis Berlepsch, .Journ. £ur Orn., xxxx, Jan., 1892, 77 (Island of 

 Curacao, Caribbean Sea; coll. E. Peters).— Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 

 . 1895, 165 (Curagao). 



C[(sreba] uropygialis Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 79, 81, in text. 

 Certhiola apeciea? Peters, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 116 (C^ura^ao). 



CCEREBA MARTINICANA (Reichenbach). 

 MARTINiaTJE BANANAftniT. 



Similar to C. uropyfflalis, but white throat-patch much more sharply 

 defined, superciliary stripe shorter (scarcelj^ reaching to end of auricu- 

 lar region), malar region and sides of throat uniform sooty black, like 

 auricular region, pileum, etc. ; no gray rictal streak, and with less of 

 olive-yellow on rump. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Above dark sooty slate, sometimes inclining 

 to s6oty blackish, especially on pileum, which is alwaj^s perceptibly 

 darker than back; lower rump more or less tinged with light j^ellowish 

 olive or olive-yellowish, but without a distinct patch or band of that 

 color; wing-coverts usually slightly tipped with pale grayish; no white 

 at base of primaries, but their outer webs narrowly edged with grayish ; 

 inner webs of lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white, this on outer- 

 most rectrix about 6.3-8.9 in extent; a superciliary stripe of white 

 or (in younger specimens?) yellow, extending from nostril to about 

 end of auricular region, but becoming narrower posteriorly; sides of 

 head, otherwise, and sides of neck, including sides of throat, uniform 

 sooty black, like pileum; median portion of throat white or grayish 

 white, forming a broad, somewhat wedge-shaped, stripe; rest of under 

 parts lemon yellow, paler and strongly tinged with olive on flanks, the 



^Two specimens. 




422 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES KATIONAL MUSEUM. 



anal region and under tail-coverts whitish; bill black, with tumid 

 rictus pale brownish (flesh color in life?); legs and feet dusky horn 

 color (in dried skins). 



Adult )m(^.'.— Length (skins), 99.8-125 (117.1); wing, 57.2-62.2 

 (59.4); tail, 37.8-14.5 (40.9); exposed culmen, 13-14.7 (13.7); tarsus, 

 17.5-18.8 (18.3); middle toe, 11.2-11.7 (11.4).^ 



Achdt feiiu(Je.^\j(iw^t\\ (skins), 104.9-107.7 (106.4); wing, 56.1-57.4 

 (56.9); tail, 37.6-40.1 (38.9); exposed culmen, 12.7-13.2 (13); tarsus, 

 17.8-18 (17.8); middle toe, 11.4-11.7.' 



Islands of Myiarchusrtinique and Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. 



{Certhia flaveolo] fi. Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 1S7, part (citation of 

 Certhia iiKirtlniaina -tire fi((ci-harirnra Tirisson, Orn., iii, 611, pi. 34, flg. 5). — 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 479. 



Npclariniaflavnilit, var. Hwainson, Zool. Illustr., iii, 1822-23, pi. 142 (excl. syn.). 



Certliiola iiiiirtinlcanii Reichenbach, Handb. d. spec. Orn., i, 18.53, 252, pi. 561, 

 fig. 3824 (ex Brisson).— Cassin, Prnc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271 

 (monogr. ). — Caeanis, Journ. fur Orn., 1865, 412. — Sitndevall, ffifv. k. 

 Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 624 (monogr.) .—Finscit, Verh. k. k. zool.- 

 bot. Genellsch. Wien, 1871, 788 (monogr.). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1871, 269 (Santa Lucia); 1889, 395 (Santa Lucia); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 

 1886, 46 (Myiarchusrtinique; Santa Lucia).— Semper, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1872, 

 649 (Santa Lucia).— Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1S78, 354 (Myiarchusr- 

 tinique; habitn).- Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia).— 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy).- Cory, Auk, iii, 

 1886, 52; iv, 1887, 95 (Myiarchusrtinique); Birds W. I., 1889, 66. 



[Certliiola] iiiaiiiincana Sclater and Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1S73, 17. — Baibd, 

 Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 612; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428.— Cory, List 

 Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. 



Clerthiola] martiiii/xma Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). 



Careha imirlinicnna Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchus.s., xii, Feb. 5, 1890, 129 (Santa 

 Lucia; crit.).— Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116 

 (Myiarchusrtinique; Santa Lucia). 



('[cereba'] marfiiiiraiKi Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 78, 79, 80, in text. 



Certhiiila mdHiiilre.isin Sclater, f^at. Birds Brit. ]\Ius., xi, 1SS6, pi. 5, flg. 1. 



[Certliiola] martinira (Jray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1.504. 



Verlhiohi id/tigiiht Bonaparte, Compt. Reud., xxxviii, 1S54, 2.59 (Myiarchusrtinique); 

 Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 57.— Taylor, Ibis, lS(i4, 107 (Myiarchusrtinique).— 

 Newton, Zool. Record, 1864, 76.— Sundevall, (Efv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., 1869, 624 (monogr.). 



CeHhiola Jldreuld ? (not Ccrthvi llarmla Linnaeus) Newton, Ibis, 1862, 288 (Myiarchusr- 

 tinique). 



Cerlhiola fimcid Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, .Vpr. 20, 1885, 25, 28 

 (Dominica?, Lesser Antilles; coll. IJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss,).— Scl.^ter, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 47. 



CCEREBA ATRATA (Lawrence). 

 BLACK BANANAaUIT. 



Arlult «;ff/.'.— Entirely plain sooty black, the under parts slightly 

 tinged with olive; bill lihu-k, the niandiblo more grayish basally, the 

 tumid rictus pale brownish (flesh color in life ?); legs and feet dusky 



' ^'-^ specimens. ^ j.^^^ .specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 423 



grayish (in dried skins); length (skin), 127.5; wing, 64; tail, 4;i.7; 

 exposed ciilmen, 16; tarsus, 19.6; middle to, 12.7.^ 



Ad/ult female. — Similar to the male, but smaller and more slatj'^ 

 blackish, with under parts more strongly glossed with olive; length 

 (skin), 106.9; wing, 56.4; tail, 33.5; exposed culmen, 14.5; tarsus, 18.8; 

 middle toe, 10.9.^ 



Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. 



(?) Dicxum aierrimum Lesson, Traite d'Orn., i, 1831, 303 (locality unknown). — 

 PucHERAN, Eev. Zool., 1846, 134 ("St. Thomas;" crit.).— Hahti.ai-b, Isis, 

 1847, 611; Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 418.— Reichenbach, Handb., ii, 1853, 243 

 (see Finsch, Verb. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 762). 



Cerlhiola atrata Lawkence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, no. 5, June, 1878, 150 (St. 

 Vincent, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 

 1878, 190 (St. Vincent; habits).— Lister, Ibis, 1880, 40 (St. Vincent) .—Sal- 

 viN and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 251, in text. — Ridgwav, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30, part (synonymy). — Coky, Auk, iii, 

 1886, 53, part (do.) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 67, part (do.).— Sclatee, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 47, part (St. Vincent). 



C\erlhiola\ a(ra«a Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28, part (diagnosis). 



Catreha atrata Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 134 

 (St. Vincent). 



CCEREBA WELLSI Cory. 

 WELIS' BANANAaUIT. 



Similar to C. atrata, but smaller, and adult male not so deep black. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 104.6-112.8 (IOS.7); wing, 58.9-60.5 

 (59.7); tail, 36.1-36.6 (36.3); exposed culmen, 14-14.5 (14.2); tarsus, 

 18.8; middle toe, 11.9.' 



Adult female. —Length, (before skinning), 114.3; wing, 53.3; tail, 

 33.5; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 18; middle toe, 11.9.^ 



Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles. 



Certhiola atrata (not of Lawrence, 1878) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 

 269 (Grenada).— RIDGWAY, Proc' U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 30, part 

 (Grenada).— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9, part (Grenada); Auk, iii, 

 1886, -53, part (do.); terda \V. I., 1889, 67, part (do.).— Sclatek, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 47, part (Grenada) .—Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 612 (Grenada; habits; desc. nest and eggs). 



C[erthwla} atrata Ridqway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 28, part. 



Certhiola wellsi Cory, Auk, vl, July, 1889, 219 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles; coll. 

 C. B. Cory). 



Ccereba welhi Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 134. 



Genus GLOSSIPTILA Sclater. 



Neomis (not of Hodgson, 1844) Hartlaub, Nachtr. z. Verz. Myiarchuss. Brem., 1846, 8. 



(Type, N. amde.a Hartlaub, = Tanagra ruficoUis Gmelin.) 

 Glomptila Scjlater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 269. (Type, Tanagra ruficoiUs 



Gmelin. ) 

 Euneomis Fitzinger, Sitz. ver. Wien Ak. Mett. Nat., xxi, Abth. 2, 1856, 316. 



(Type, Tanagra ruficoUis Gmelin. ) 



1 One specimen. ' Two specimens. 




424 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Rather stoutly built CcBrebidte, with elongate-conical, slightlj^ de- 

 curved bill, rather long tarsus (much longer than commissure, about 

 one-fourth as long as wing) and plain coloration, the latter with neither 

 bright blue, green, yellow, nor black (except on lores, etc.). 



Bill much shorter than head, elongate-conoid, with upper outline 

 distinctly' convex, but lower outline nearlj' straight; culmen straight 

 and leather elevated basally, but decidedly and regularly decurved from 

 in front of nostrils; commissure slightly concave, though nearly 

 straight in middle portion; tip of maxilla acute; gonj's straight, 

 slightl3' ascending terminally, its base forming a slight angle; depth 

 of bill at base equal to about half length of exposed culmen, the basal 

 width decidedly less; nostril mostly exposed, obliquely longitudinal 

 (posterior end higher than anterior) in median portion of nasal fossse, 

 with rather broad membrane both above and below. Rictal bristles 

 minute, ver}' weak. W ing rather long, rather pointed (eighth, seventh, 

 and sixth primaries longest, ninth about equal to fifth); wing-tip about 

 equal to commissure, decidedly shorter than tarsus. Tail much shorter 

 than wing (decidedly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip 

 of secondaries), even or ver};' slightly emarginated. Tarsus much 

 longer than commissure, about one-fourth as long as wing, its scutella 

 rather distinct; middle toe with claw slightly shorter than tarsus; basal 

 phalanx of middle toe with at least halt its length free from inner toe. 



Ciihiratidn. — Adult male uniform dull grayish blue, with rufou8 

 throat-patch; adult females and young olive-brownish above (the 

 wings and tail more decidedl}' brown), under parts paler. 



Raiuje. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) 



GLOSSIPTILA RUFICOLLIS (Gmelin). 

 OEANGEaUIT. 



AdvJt male. — Throat deep cinnamon-rufous; lores and anterior por- 

 tion of malar region and chin, black; rest of plumage, including lower 

 part of chin and extreme upper part of throat, plain dull grayish blue; 

 bill black; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 127-139.7(132.8); wing, 70.6-71.9 (71.1); tail, 48.8-51.1 (50.5); exposed 

 culmen, 13.2-14 (13.7); tarsus, 17-18.3 (17.5); middle toe, 11.9-13.2 

 (12.4).' 



Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck plain olivaceous slate-gray or 

 graj'ish olive; rest of upper parts plain olive, becoming browner on 

 wings and tail; under parts pale buff}"^ grayish or olive-gray, very 

 faintly streaked on throat and abdomen with pale buffj^; bilj brownish 

 black or dusky; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 124.5-128 (126.2); wing, 65.5-67.1 (66.3); tail, 46.5-46.7; 

 exposed culmen, 13-13.2; tarsus, 18.3; middle toe, 13.2." 



' Pour Kpei'iniens. ' Two specimens. 




BIRDS OP NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 425 



T(nmff 7nale.—Simi\a,r to adult female, but texture of plumage dif- 

 ferent (much looser); color of head more olive, and sides and flanks 

 more brownish. 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



(?) [Molacilla] campestrk Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 329 (based on 

 American Hedge Sparrow Edwards, Nat. Hist, iii, pi. 122, fig, 2). 



Glossoptila campestris Lucas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, Nov. 15, 1894, 301, in 

 text. 



[Tanagra^ rujicoUli Gmulin, Sy«t. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 894 (based on Rufous- 

 throated Tanager Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. i, 241). 



Tanagrella ruficolUs Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 236; Illnstr, Birds Jam 1849 

 pi. 58. 



T[anagrella] mficollis Gray, Gen. Birds, App., 1849, 17.— Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 

 i, 1850, 236. 



{Pyrrhulagra} rujkollis Bonaparte, Conap. Av., i, 1850, 493, excl. syn. 



Glossiptila rvficollis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 269 (monogr.); 1861, 

 73; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54; Cat. Birds. Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 48.— Albrfx-ht, 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1862, 196.— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 296.— 

 Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1864, 163, fig. 1 (fig. of tongue).— Cory, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 54; Birds W. I., 1889, 68; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 117, 130. 



[Glossiptila} rufieollis Sclater und Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. — Cory, 

 List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. 



GUossiptihi] ruficolUs Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. 



[Certhiola'] ruficolUs Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1510. 



Tachyplionus rufo-gularis JjAfresnaye, Rev. Zool., ix, Sept., 1846, 320. 



Neornis caerulea Hartlaub, Nachtr. z. Verz. Myiarchuss. Brem., 1846, 8 [nomen nudum). 



Family MNIOTILTID^. 



THE WOOD WARBLERS. 



Slender-billed or flat-billed " nine-primaried" acutiplantar Oscines., 

 with neither the tertials nor hind claw elongated^ nor the tongue 

 deeply cleft nor laciniate at tip.^ 



Bill usually slender-conoidal, sometimes rather stout, rarely short- 

 subulate; if slender-cuneate with acute tip, not strongly, if at all, 

 decurved terminally, and tail not longer than distance from bend of 

 wing to tips of secondaries;' if depressed, with triangular vertical 

 profile, the rictal bristles strongly developed (reaching more than 

 halfway to tip of bill), and tail rounded; if comparatively stout, 

 decidedly compressed with culmen decidedly convex, the tip of maxilla 

 not uncinate and without distinct subterminal tomial notch.' Tongue 

 moderately slender, with tip but slightly bifid or fimbriate. Skull 

 with interpalatine process well developed; trans-palatine process short, 

 bluntly angular; palatines not produced backward over pterygoids.'* 



'To exclude Motacillidse. 



^To exclude CcKrebidse. 



'This last character to exclude species of Conirostrum, usually referred to the 

 Coerebidse, but not improbably belonging to the Mniotiltidse. (See under Coerebidse, 

 on page 377. ) 



*To exclude the "nine-primaried" Vireonidae. 



*See Lucas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, 1894, 299-310. 




426 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



In addition to the fprms which are usually' I'eferrcd to the Myiarchusiotil- 

 tidse' it seems best to place here the following genera, withdrawn 

 from other groups: Oerthidea and Ateleodacnia'^ (probably also Coni- 

 rosirum), from the Coerebidse; IIeml»j)!ngus,^ from Tanagridaj, and 

 Rhodinociclila, from Myiarchusmidfe. This transfer seems to be necessary in 

 order to render possible anything like a satisfactory diagnosis of the 

 Myiarchusiotiltidffi, Coerebidaj, and Tanagridaj, as separate groups. The 

 only one' of these regarding which there can be reasonable doubt is 

 Rhodhiocichla. This has hitherto been placed in either the Troglody- 

 tidte or the Myiarchusmidffi; but since it is a " nine-primaried " bird it can not 

 belong to either of these groups ; and among the nine-primaried Oscines 

 there is no other group than the present one where it would not be 

 conspicuously out of place. With this single exception the group is 

 quite as natural as any other Oscine family' (excepting, of course, the 

 Hirundinidaj), although Cei'tlddea is also to a degree aberrant; and, 

 so far as I am able to see, is in no need of "readjustment"' so far as 

 the forms which have usually been referred to it are concerned. 

 Nevertheless, Dr. Sharpe, in forecasting a "readjustment of the 

 family, which must inevitably take place some daj'," suggests that 

 '"'' Setophaga and its allies will probably be considered to be FI3' catchers 

 [Myiarchusscicapidse] rather than Warblers, Ilelm.inthoj^Jiaga and Tlelmin- 

 thotherus will very probabl}' prove to be Wrens [Troglodj^tidis], Icteria 

 to be an aberrant Vireonine form, while Granatdhm will be placed 

 with the Tanagers." It is true that some of the genera mentioned 

 represent \'ery diverse types (though less differentiated than the aber- 

 rant genera Rhodinocichla and Oerthidea), Init that thej^ are unquestion- 

 ably all true Mniotiltidiii is perfectly evident from a careful examination 

 of all the genera, which shows that SetojyJuiga, Tlehrnvthaphihu and 

 Ictm'ia, representing three extremes of divergence, are so completely 

 connected ))y intermediate forms that it is difficult to diagnose even sec- 

 tions or minor groups to include the forms most closely related to the 

 genera in question. The position of Icteria in the Mniotiltidse has 

 more than once been questioned; indeed it had not been referred to 

 this family at all until 1858, when Professor Baird formally placed it 

 here* as sole representative of a group or section Icterieie. That he 

 was fully justified in doing so is quite certam, for, however unlike 

 other North American Mniotiltidse Icteria may seem, the extralimitsl 

 genera ChammtUypis and Grmuttelhis distinctly connect it with more 



'See Sharpe, in Catalogue of the Birds in the British Myiarchusseum, x, 1SS5, 225-439, 

 638-653, pis. 9-12. 



^A section of the genus Dacnis as given by Dr. Sclater in Catalogue of the Birds in 

 the British Myiarchusseum, xi, 1886, 18-27 (species 10-14). 



".A. section of the genu^ Chlorospingus, as given by Dr. Sclater, Catalogue of the 

 Birds in the British Myiarchusseum, x, 1886, 237-251 (species 16-32). 



•Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 248. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 427 



typical forms, the former being, indeed, a very near relative, its close 

 relationship being shown even in the coloration. 



The Mniotiltidie are essentiallj' — most of them strictly — insectivo- 

 rous birds, of active habits. Most of them are arboreal, nesting- and 

 feeding among the trees and rarely descending to the ground; some are 

 terrestrial, living much upon or near the ground, where they walk in the 

 graceful "mincing" manner of a Wagtail oi Pipit, meanwhile tilting 

 the body, as if upon a pivot, and oscillating the tail in the saine char- 

 acteristic manner. Most of them are expert ''iij'catchers," the Seto- 

 plmgcB notably so. Others ci'cep about the trunks and l)ranchcs of 

 trees as nimbl^^ as a Nuthatch. The majority of them combine, in 

 various degrees, these several habits. 



As a rule the Mniotiltidfe are birds of beautiful plumage, though 

 their attractiveness in this respect consists in the tasteful arrangement 

 or "pattern" of the colors rather than their brilliancy. Yellow is the 

 most common and characteristic hue, though this is usually relieved 

 by markings or areas of black, graj', olive-green, or white, usually by 

 two or more of these colors; red is not unfrequent, gra3'ish blue less 

 common, while pure blue, green, or purple are never present, and the 

 plumage never glossy as it is in man}' Coerebidte and Tanagridas. 



While few Mniotiltidse are songsters of the first class,' manj' of 

 them have attractive songs; but perhaps the majority, at least among 

 the North American species, are songsters of very ordinary or inferior 

 merit. Some of them' possess two songs of utterly different char- 

 acter: a plain, monotonous repetition of sharp notes as the ordinary 

 song, and a rich, exuberant warble, uttered on special occasions, 

 sometimes entirely' replacing the former during the evening hours.' 



The group is peculiar to America, where it represents the Sylviidos 

 and Myiarchusscicapidse of the Eastern Hemisphere. The latest authority on 

 the family * recognizes 158 species and subspecies belonging to 21 

 genera; but if to these be added 32 species and 4 genera transferred 

 from the Ccerebidre., Tanagridse, and Myiarchusmidas, as before noted, and 



'This distinction can, perhaps, ))e claimed for only one genus. Rhofliviiiirhht scliis- 

 larea is said to be one of the sweetest songsters of western Mexico, its "voluptuous 

 and melodious notes" being, according to the late Colonel Grayson, fully equal to 

 those of any species of Thrush. 



'Seiurus aurocapilliiti and Prolonoiaria cHrea, for example. 



' For further information concerning general characteristics of the Mniotiltidfe see 

 Coues, Birds of the Colorado Valley (1878), 199-202, and Ridgway, The Ornithology 

 of Illinois, i (1889), 113, 114. 



'Catalogue | of the | Passeriformes, | or | Perching Birds, | in the | Collection | of 



tlie I British Myiarchusseum. | | Fringilliformes. Part I. | containing the families | 



Dica;idK, Hirundinida;, Ampelidfe, | Mniotiltida?, and Motacillidae, | By | R. Bowdler 

 Sharps. | London- | Printed by order of the Trustees. | 1885. | 



Pp. [i]-xin, 1-682, pis. i-xii. (Mniotiltida; on pp. 225-439, 638-653, pis. ix-xii. 

 Constituting vol. x of the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Myiarchusseum. ) 




428 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



allowing for forms subsequently described and additional genera which 

 it seems desirable to recognize, 200 species and subspecies and 30 

 genera may be considered a fair estimate. 



The Mniotiltidee contain a laj-ger proportion of monotypic genera 

 than most Oscine families, nearly one-half of the genera being rep- 

 resented by a single known species.' 



KEY TO THE GENERA OF MNIOTlLTIDiE. 



u.. Outermost (ninth) primary, but little, if any, shorter than secondaries (usually 

 much longer); eighth primary much longer than first (equal to or longer than 

 third); nostril longitudinal, with distinct superior membranous operculum. 

 b. Tarsus less than half as long as tail, very much less than twice as long as mid- 

 dle toe without claw. ( Mniotiltinx.) 

 c. Hallux longer than inner toe with claw, about equal to frontal length of tar- 

 sus. (Mnwtiltie.) Mniotilta (p. 431) 



cc. Hallux much shorter than inner toe with claw (about equal to inner toe 

 without claw), much shorter than frontal length of tarsus. 

 d. Eictal bristles inconspicuous, sometimes obsolete; if distinct, much less 

 than half as long as exposed culmen, and bill not depressed, its, basal 

 depth equal to or greater than its basal width. 

 e. Tail not longer than wing (usually much shorter) ; bill slender, its basal 

 depth not more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. 

 /. Bill narrowly cuneate, with tip very acute and not distinctly, if at all, 

 decurved, and without distinct, if any, tomial notch. {Helinaiie.) 

 g. Kictal bristles obsolete. 

 /(. Larger (wing more than 63.5). 

 i. Inner webs of rectrices without white ; wings and tail plain olive or 

 brown; nopronounced yellow; no subterminal notch to maxillary 

 tomium; basal phalanx of middle toe united to outer toe for 

 much less than its entire length, to inner toe for not more than 

 half its length. 

 j. Bill much compressed, with culmen straighWind conspicuously 

 ridged and elevated between nostrils; pileum plain brown. 



Helinaia (p. 436) 



jj. Bill moderately compressed, with culmen not conspicuously 



ridged nor elevated between nostrils; pileum 5-striped (3 buff 



and 2 black stripes) Helmitheros (p. 438) 



a. Inner webs of rectrices largely white; wings and tail bluish gray; 

 under parts (whole head in adult male) yellow; maxillary 

 tomium with slight subterminal notch ; basal phalanx of middle 

 toe united for nearly entire length to outer toe, for more than 



half its length to inner toe Protonotaria (p. 442) 



hh. Smaller (wing less than 63.5 — usually much less), 

 i Tail relatively shorter (difference between length of tail and 

 length of wing nearly, if not quite, equal to one-fourth the length 

 of the latter); throat not orange nor back black; if back olive- 

 green, no white superciliary stripe nor chestnut spot on breast. 



Helminthophila (p. 445) 



' The monotypic genera belonging to North and Myiarchusddle America are the following: 

 Mniotilla, Helinalci, Helmitheros, Protonotaria, Peucedramus, Catharopeza, Leucopeza, 

 Myiarchuscroligea, Icteria, Cardellina, and Evihlypis. 




BIKDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 429 



ii. Tail relatively longer (difference between length of tail and 

 length of wing decidedly leas than one-fourth the length of the 

 latter) ; throat orange and back black, or else back olive-green, 

 a conspicuous white superciliary stripe, and a chestnut spot in 



center of yellow breast Oreothlypis ( p. 475 ) 



gg. Rictal bristles distinct, or at least obvious Compsotlilypia (p. 478) 



ff. Bill not narrowly wedge-shaped with very acute tip, but slender-co- 

 noidal or subulate, with tip of maxilla obviously decurved; if approx- 

 imately narrowly wedge-shaped with very acute tip, the maxillary 

 tomium with distinct subterminal notch, and rictal bristles obvious. 

 g. Rictal bristles distinct; wing-tip longer than exposed culmen. {Den- 

 droicie. ) 

 h. Bill subulate, of nearly uniform depth for most of its length; tail 

 deeply emarginate; a white spot at base of primaries together 



with two white wing-bands PencedramuB (p. 493) 



hh. Bill slender-conoidal, tapering gradually to the tip ; tail but slightly, 



if at all, emarginate; no white spot at base of primaries, or else 



no white wing-bands. 



i. Tail more than two and a half times as long as tarsus; inner webs 



of rectrices partly yellow or white, or else wing with white bars 



or upper parts streaked Deudroica (p. 496) 



j. Tail not more than two and a half times as long as tarsus 

 (usually much less); inner webs of rectrices without yellow 

 or white (or if partly white the under parts dark slaty with 

 white on abdomen and lower throat). 

 k. Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than fifth; wing-tip 

 shorter than commissure; upper parts plain sooty blackish, 

 under parts slate-color with white on lower throat and 

 abdomen; inner webs of lateral rectrices with a white ter- 

 minal spot Catharopeza (p. 619) 



kk. Outermost (ninth) primary longer than fifth; wing-tip 

 • equal to or longer than commissure; upper parts plain 

 olive-green, olive, or olive-grayish, the head sometimes 

 gray or gray and black; under parts of body yellow, or 

 conspicuously streaked with dusky on a white or very 

 pale yellow ground; inner webs of lateral rectrices with- 

 out white terminal spot. 



I. Tail rounded; under parts yellow, without streaks, the 



throat and chest sometimes gray or gray and black. 



Oporornis (p. 621) 



II. Tail even or slightly emarginate; under parts whitish or 



very pale yellow, conspicuously streaked with dusky. 



Seinrus (p. 634) 

 gg. Rictal bristles obsolete; wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen. 

 ( Geolhlypea: ) 

 h. Commissure equal to or longer than middle toe with claw. 

 i. Myiarchusxilla strongly curved; ninth primary shorter than first; tail 

 slightly double-rounded or nearly even, the rectrices narrow, 

 firm, with broad and rounded tip; under parts partly yellow. 



Teretistris (p. 684) 

 ii. Myiarchusxilla straight; ninth primary longer than first; tail much 

 rounded, the rectrices broad and rather soft, with tips sub- 

 acuminate; no yellow Leucopeza (p. 650) 



hh. Commissure shorter than middle toe with claw. 




430 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



i. Myiarchusddle toe, without claw, decidedly shorter than commissure; 

 basal phalanx of middle toe united for nearly its entire length 

 to outer toe; under parts gray, becoming whitish medially; no 



black on head , Myiarchusoroligea (p. 651) 



a. Myiarchusddle toe, without claw, equal to or longer than commissure; 

 basal phalanx of middle toe united for much less than its 

 entire length to outer toe; under parts yellow; forehead and 

 sides of head (at least partly) black in adult males. 



Geothlypis (p. 653) 



ee. Tail longer than wing, or else {Granatelhtx, part) bill stout, with culinen 



arched; bill stout, its basal dejitli equal to more than half the distance 



from nostril to tip of maxilla, the culmen strongly convex. (Ickrix.) 



f. Outermost (ninth) primary longer than third; basal phalanx of middle 



toe united for only half its length to outer toe; mandible not deeper 



than maxilla; under parts partly yellow, without any red; upper 



parts olive-greenish, without pure gray or bluish gray (except some- 



times on crown) . 



g. Smaller (wing not more than 63.5) ; tarsus much more than one-third 



as long as wing; tail much rounded or graduated, with rectrices 



acuminate or subacuminate at tips; maxillary tomiuni with distinct 



sul iterminal notch Chamsethlypis (p. 686) 



gg. Larger (wing mcjre than 69.8) ; tarsus not more than one-third as long 

 as wing; tail slightly rounded, with rectrices obtuse or rounded at 

 tips; maxillary tomium without subterminal notch. .Icteria (p. 691) 

 ff. Outermost (ninth) ]jrimary shorter than third; basal phalanx of mid- 

 dle toe united for nearly its entire length to outer toe; mandible 

 deeper than maxilla; under parts partly red, without any yellow; 



upper parts bluish gray or brownish GranateUus (p. 697) 



dd. Eictal bristles conspicuous, half as long as exposed culmen (usually much 

 more); bill depressed, its basal width exceeding its basal depth, or else 

 very short (exposed culmen not longer than middle toe without claw). 

 [SelophagiF.) 

 e. Outermost (ninth ) i)rimary longer than fifth, the eighth equal to or longer 

 than sixth. 

 /. Wing less than four times as long as tarsus; tail even or slightly emar- 

 ginate or double-rounded; bill much narrower basally (width at nos- 

 trils not more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), 

 less depressed; plumage without red or orange, or else this only on 

 forehead, throat, and sides of neck; under parts of body wholly white 

 or yellow. 

 g. Tarsus more than one-third as long as tail; bill more slender, broader 

 than deep at nostrils; under parts of body yellow, the throat yellow 

 or black, the forehead yellow, olive-green, or gray; rump olive-green 



or gray, like back "Wilsouia (p. 703) 



gg. Tarsus less than one-third as long as tail; bill thicker, deeper than 

 broad at nostrils; under parts of body white, the throat and fore- 

 head red; rump white Cardellina (p. 719) 



ff. Wing more than four times as long as tarsus; tail much rounded; bill 

 much broader basally (width at nostrils decidedly more than half 

 the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), more depressed; plumage 

 with red or orange, but this not on throat or forehead, or if without, 

 the lateral rectrices with basal half pale yellow; under parts black, 

 with red on middle of breast or with orange on sides of breast and 

 the belly white; or if without black on under parts the sides of breast 

 yellow Setophaga (p. 722) 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMEKICA. 431 



ee. Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than fifth, the eightli shorter than 



sixth. 



/. Bill larger, broader at base (wider tlian deep at nostrils), its width at 



nostrils equal to at least half the distance from nostril to tip of 



maxilla; if small and relatively narrow the plumage without any red. 



ff. Bill much depressed, broadly wedge-shaped or triangular in vertical 



profile, its width at base nearly if not quite equal to distance from 



nostril to tip of maxilla, the exposed culmen much less than half 



as long as tarsus; rictal bristles greatly developed, nearly if not 



quite as long as bill; lateral rectric«s mostly white, or if less than 



half white the under parts of body red or orange; pileum not 



striped, nor upper tail-coverts nor basal half of tail buffy or 



ochraceous Myioborus (p. 730) 



gy. Bill moderately or slightly depressed, more narrowly wedge-shaped 

 in vertical profile, its width at base much less than distance from 

 nostril to tip of maxilla or else exposed culmen more than half 

 as long as tarsus; rictal bristles less developed, much shorter than 

 bill; lateral rectrices without any white, or else with merely a 

 white terminal spot; pileum 3-striped, or black with a central 

 spot of yellow, or else upper tail-coverts and basal half of tail 

 buffy or ochraceous. 

 Ii. Larger (wing more than 72.4); lateral rectrices with a white ter- 

 minal spot; pileum black with a central spot of yellow. 



Euthlypis (p. 735) 



fill. Smaller (wing not more than 72.4, usually much less); lateral 



rectrices without any white; pileum not black with a central 



yellow spot, but 3-striped, or else uniform dark olive-brown 



and the upper tail-coverts and basal half of tail buffy or 



ochraceous Basileuterus (p. 738) 



ff. Bill smaller, narrower at base (deeper than wide at nostrils), its width 

 at nostrils less than half the distance from iiostril to tip of maxilla; 



phnnage mostly red Ergations (p. 758) 



hh. Tarsus more than half as long as tail, more than twice as long as middle toe 



without claw. ( Certhidehix. ) Certhidea ( p. 761 ) 



(in. Outermost (ninth) jirimary conspicuously shorter than secondaries; eighth pri- 

 mary shorter than first; nostril circular, without distinct superior opercu- 

 lum. ( Rhodinocichlina:. ) Ehodinociclila (p. 769 ) 



Genus MNIOTILTA Vieillot. 



MnioiiUa Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 45. (Type, Moiacilla raria Linnaeus.) 

 Oxyglossus Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 357. (Type, 0. macalalus Swainson, = 

 Moiacilla raria Linnaeus.) 



Small .scansorial Mniotiltidse with the hallux (without claw) longer 

 than inner toe with claw. 



Bill shorter than head, very slender, the maxilla slightj^ decurved 

 terminally and with distinct subterminal tomial notch. Rictal bristles 

 minute, weak. Wing long, pointed (ninth, eighth, and seventh prima- 

 ries longest and about equal); wing-tip equal to or longer than tarsus. 

 Tail slightly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of sec- 

 ondaries, even or very slightly emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow. 

 Tarsus about one-fourth as long as wing or slightly less, its scutella 




432 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



rather indistinct; middle toe with claw about equal to tarsus; inner 

 toe with claw falling much short of base of middle claw, the outer 

 longer, reaching nearly to base of middle claw; hallux (without claw) 

 decidedly longer than inner toe with claw, equal to outer toe and about 

 half the claw; basal phalanx of middle toe united for nearly its whole 

 length to outer toe, for more than half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Conspicuously streaked above with black and white, 

 beneath white, streaked with black or dusky at least on sides and 

 flanks; wings and tail black, the former with two white bands, the lat- 

 ter with inner webs of lateral rectrices extensively white terminally; 

 primaries and rectrices edged with gray. 



Nidification. — Terrestrial. 



Range. — Eastern North America, south in winter to Greater Antilles 

 and through Mexico and Central America to northern South America. 

 (Monotypic.) 



MNIOTILTA VARIA (Linnaeus). 

 BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER, 



Admit male.— Pileum with a broad median stripe of white and two 

 still broader lateral stripes of black, slightly glossed with blue; rest of 

 upper parts (except remiges and rectrices) slightly glossy blue-black, 

 the back and scapulars streaked with white, middle and greater wing- 

 coverts broadly tipped with white (forming two conspicuous bands), 

 and tertials broadly edged with white; secondaries and primaries 

 grayish black, narrowly edged with gray; middle rectrices black 

 medially, gray laterally, the gray broader and usually with serrated 

 margin on inner web; other rectrices grayish black narrowly edged 

 with gray, the two outermost with a large terminal space of white on 

 inner web, and all with inner webs edged with white; orbital ring and 

 a broad superciliary stripe white; below this an elongated patch of 

 slightly glossy blue-black covering loral, suborbital, and auricular 

 regions; a broad white malar stripe; under parts mainly white, but 

 throat usually more or less extensively black;' sides, from chest to 

 flanks, inclusive, broadly streaked or striped with blue-black; under 

 tail-coverts black centrally, broadly margined with white; bill black; 

 iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn-color, the toes paler and (in life) 

 more or less tinged with yellowish; length (skins), 109.2-120.6 

 (115.3); wing, 66.5-70.9 (68.6); tail, 42.7-51 (48.5); exposed cul- 

 men, 10.2-12.9 (11.4); tarsus, 16.5-17.8 (17).' 



• Usually the whole throat is black, but this more or less broken by white streaks; 

 rarely the black of the throat is uniform, more rarely still the throat is. white or 

 with only a few black streaks; as a. rule the chin is white, but sometimes the black 

 of the throat covers the chin also. 



^ Eighteen specimens. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



433 



Immature male. ' — Similar to the adult male, as described, but throat 

 entirely white. 



Adult female. — Similar to the immature male, as described, but 

 smaller and much duller in color, the white everywhere more or less 

 tinged with buffy brownish, the lores wholly pale grayish or grayish 

 white, the auricular region pale buffy grayish margined above by a 

 narrow postocular streak of black; streaks of sides much less distinct, 

 becoming grayish on sides of chest, and flanks strongly tinged with 

 brownish buff; mandible light-colored, dusky at tip; length (skins), 

 109.2-118.1 (113.8); wing, 66-67.6 (66); tail, 45.5-48.5 (46.5); exposed 

 culmen, 10.2-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 16.3-17.5 (16.8).' 



Young. — Similar in coloration to adult female, but stripes of pileum 

 less sharply defined, the lateral ones duller black; back more strongly 

 tinged with buffy brown; anterior under parts dull light grayish, 

 indistinctly mottled with darker, the sides without streaks. 



Eastern North America, north to upper Myiarchusckenzie Valley (Fort 

 Simpson), Hudson Bay (Moose Fort), etc., breeding southward to 

 Virginia, Tennessee, Louisiana (St. Tammany and Tangipahoa parishes), 

 Texas (Medina River), etc. (probably to upper sections of other Gulf 

 States); wintering from the Gulf States southward throughout the 

 West Indies, Mexico (both coasts), and Central America to Colombia 

 and Venezuela; accidental in California (Farallone Islands, Myiarchusy 28, 

 1887; Point Lobos, Monterey County, September 9, 1891; Pasadena, 

 October, 1895), and in the Bermudas. 



IMotadlla] varia LiNN^ns, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 333 (based on The Small 



Black and White Creeper Sloane, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, ii, 309, pi. 265, flg. 1; 



Le Figuiervarie de S. Domingue Brisson, Orn., iii, 529, pi. 27, fig. 5). — Gmelin, 



Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 979. 

 [Sylvia] varia Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 539. 

 Sylvia varia Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 81. — Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. 



U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 384. 



'Possibly also the adult male in winter. 



'' Eight specimens. 



Specimens for the Atlantic coast district have, as a rule, decidedly longer bills than 

 those from the Myiarchusssissippi Valley, but I am unable to discover any other differences. 

 Average measurements are as follows: 




434 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Certhia varia Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 69.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 

 1831, 452, pi. 90.— Willis, Ann. Kep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 

 (Nova Scotia). 



Mniotilta wna Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat., xxi, 1818, 230.— Bonaparte, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 118 (Guatemala); Geog. and Gomp. List, 1838, 

 11.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 71; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 105, pi. 

 114._NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 702.— Gosse, Birds 

 Jamaica, 1847, 134. — Lbmbeye, Avesdelalslade Cuba, 1850, 68, pi. 10, flg. 1.— 

 HuRDis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 35 (Bermuda, Oct. 9). — Woodhouse, 

 Sitgreaves' Rep. Zufii and Colorado R., 1853, 69 (common in Texas and 

 Indian Territory). — Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 143 (Bogota, 

 Colombia); 1856, 140 (Chiriqui, Veragua), 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 

 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 373 (Juquila and Totontepec, Oaxaca) ; 1861, 70 

 (Jamaica); 1864, 172 (Valley of Mexico) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25 (Bogota; 

 Jamaica).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 475 (Cuba); 1861, 326 (do.); 

 Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 232; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 

 177 (Porto Rico).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia) , 

 vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas).— Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv.,ix, 1858,235; Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 167; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 167.— Myiarchusrtens, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1859, 213 (Bermudas). — Bland, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 

 (1859) , 287 (Bermudas).— Newton (A. and E. ), Ibis, 1859, 143 (St. Croix).— 

 Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 328 (Costa Rica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N.Y., 

 vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui); viii, 1866, 283 

 (near- New York City); ix, 1868, 93 (Barranca, Juiz, and San Jos6, Costa 

 Rica); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1869, 369 (Myiarchuszatlan; C(Tlima, Dec, Apr.); 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 621 (Guadeloupe, West Indies). — Albrecht, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 52 (Bahamas); 1862, 193 (Jamaica). — Hayden, Trans. 

 Amer. Philos. Soc, xii, 1862, 159 (Dakota).— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. 

 Phila., XV, 1863, 293 (Jamaica).— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 476 (Medina R., Texas, 

 breeding) . — MyiarchusIlwraith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 85 (Hamilton,Ontario) .— 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc Lond., 1867, 135 (Santa Fe, Veragua); 1870,182 

 (Chiriqui; Cordillera del Chucu, and Calovevora, Veragua). — Sumichrast, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Vera Cruz in winter).— Coues, Check 

 List, 1873, no. 57; 2d ed., 1882, no. 91; Birds N. W., 1874, 45; Birds Col. 

 Val., 1878, 204, footnote.— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 292 (San Juan 

 and Candelaria Mts., Costa. Rica). — Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R.); 1870, 780 (Merida, Venezuela).— Wyatt, 

 Ibis, 1871, 322 (Herradura, Colombia). — Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool.,ii, 

 1871, 267 (e. Florida, winter) ; Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (Dakota); 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 178 (Bonda, etc., Prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colom- 

 bia, Aug. 21 to Jan. 4).^ — Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4. — Herrick, Bull. 

 Essex Inst., v, 1873, 30 (Grand Menan, New Brunswick). — Baird, Beewek, 

 and RiDGWAx, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 180, pi. 10, fig. 6.— Lawrence, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Guichicovi, Chiapas, Sept.).— Bou- 

 card, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San Carlos, Costa Rica, Feb.).— 

 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 22 (descr. young); Proc. Bost 

 Soc. N. H., xxii, 1884, 369 (Anticosti I., July).— Myiarchusnot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, V, 1880, 226 (Boulder, Colorado, June).— Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 

 54; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti in winter); Birds Haiti and San. 

 Dom., 1885, 23; Auk, iii, 1886, 26 (West Indies references), 501 (Grand Cay-, 

 man) ; iv, 1887, 181 (St. Andrews!., Caribbean Sea) ; viii, 1891, 47 (St. Eustatius, 

 West Indies), 48 (St. Croix); ix, 1892, 48 (Watllngs I., Bahamas) ; Birds W. 

 I., 1889, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry 

 Islands, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, Watlings I., Rum Cay, and 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 435 



Green Cay, Bahamas; Cuba, Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Haiti, 

 Mona, Porto Rico, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; Anguilla and St. Eustatius, 

 Lesser Antilles) . — Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, 117 (Myiarchusnca, Colombia, 

 2,000 ft. alt.); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 110.— Ridgway, Nom. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1881, no. 74; Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 563 (Cozumel I.); 

 X, 1888, 575 (Swan I.), 578 (Ruatan I.); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 117.— Bbown 

 (N. C), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 36(Boerne, s. w. Texas).— Bicknell, 

 Auk, i, 1884, 210 (song).— Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 251, 641.— 

 Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 236 (Moose Factory, Hudson 

 Bay).— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 636. — Fer- 

 rari-Pbrez, Proc. U.S.Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, (Puebla, Mexico). — Lloyd, Auk, 

 iv, 1887, 295 (Tom Green and Concho counties, w. Texas, in migration). — 

 Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 237 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities and 

 dates).— Bryant (W. E.), Bull. Oal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., i, 1888, 48 (Farallone 

 Islands, California, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 28, 1887).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 16 (Tar- 

 pon Springs, Florida, last of Myiarchusr. to early in Myiarchusy; Punta Rassa and Key West, 

 July 13 to Myiarchusy 2). — Cherrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 335 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, Aug., 

 Sept., Nov., and Feb.).— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 616 

 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding). — Nutting, Bull. Lab. N. H. State Univ. Iowa, ii, 

 1893, 277 (Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, 

 etc., i, 1893, 168, pi. 11, fig. 3.— Cherrie, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 

 (Jan. to Apr.). — Gaylord, Auk, xiii, 1896, 260 (Pasadena, California, 1 

 spec, Oct. 8, 1895).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa 

 Myiarchusrta, Colombia). — Grinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 44 (Arroyo 

 Seco, Los Angeles Co., California, 1 spec, Oct. 2, 1895). — Beyer, Proc. 

 Louis. Soc Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 111 (Louisiana, breeding in St. Tam- 

 many and Tangipahoa parishes). — E.merson, Condor, iii, 1-901, 145 (Point 

 Lobos, Monterey Co., California, 1 spec, Sept. 9, 1901). 



IMniotilta] varia Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 311. — Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 1872, 92.— Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8.— Cory, 

 ListBirds W. I.,1885, 9. 



M[niotilta] varia Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20 (Mexico).— Newton (A. and 

 E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 105.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 

 290.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 484. 



Mniotilla [err. typ.] varia Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 318.— Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 

 i, 1834, 276, pi. 169.— Sclater, Proc Zool. Soc Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, 



Myiarchusnotilta (err. typ.) varia Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Belize, British 



Honduras, and highlands of Guatemala, in winter). 

 Myiarchusnioiitta vara (err. typ.) Gregg, Proc Elmira Acad., 1870. 

 [MniotUta varia} a. varia Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 117. 

 Sylvicola varia Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 314, pi. 19, fig. 3. — 



Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. 



N. H., xi, 1866, 91 (Santo Domingo). 

 Nectarinia varia Hahn and Kuster, Orn. Atl., Lief, viii, 1834, pi. 4. 

 Certhia macttZata Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 22, pi. 19, fig. 3.— Bonaparte, 



Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 27.— Denny, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 



1847, 39 (Jamaica; Cuba). 

 Oxy giossus maculaius SwAiiisotJ, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 357. 

 Mniolilta borealis Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 705 (Spot 



Pond, near Medford, Myiarchusssachusetts, Myiarchusy 8) . 

 Mniotilla varia borealis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 171, 



215; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 74a; Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 484, foot- 

 note.— Coubs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 92. 




436 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



M[niotilta] vlaria} horealis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 290. 



IMniolilta varict] b. borealis Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 117. 



[Mniotilta varia.} Var. longiroslris Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, p. 



xxxi, no. 167, in text (Cape Florida; see p. 236, in text). 

 Var. Mniotilta longiroslm Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 167a. 



Genus HELINAIA Audubon. 



Helinaia^ Audubon, Synopsis Birds Am. , 1839, 67. (Type, by elimination, Sylvia 



swainaonii Audubon. ) 

 Helonaea (emendation) Agassiz, Nom. Zool., Ind. Univ., 1846, 175, 176. 

 Helonsea (emendation) Newton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 552. 



Rather small, plainly colored Mniotilidse, with the bill nearly as long 

 as head, straight, compressed, and with the oulmen distinctly elevated 

 and ridged between nostrils; coloration plain brownish above, whitish 

 or pale dull yellowish beneath. 



Bill nearly as long as head, narrowly wedge-shaped, compressed; 

 oulmen straight from base to tip, narrowed and distinctly ridged and 

 elevated between nostrils; maxillary tomium without subterminal 

 notch; gonys very faintly convex basally, shorter than distance from 

 nostril to tip of maxilla. Nasal f ossse large and broad, chiefly occupied 

 by the broad operculum overhanging the longitudinally oval or sub- 

 cuneate nostril. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing moderate, rather 

 pointed (ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries longest and nearly equal, 

 but ninth slighty shorter than seventh); wing-tip slightly shorter than 

 tarsus. Tail shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of sec- 

 ondaries, slightly emai'ginate or double-rounded, the rectrices very 

 broad, with tips subacuminate. Tarsus decidedlj' longer than com- 

 missure, more than one-fourth as long as wing, its scutella rather dis- 

 tinct; middle toe with claw about equal to tarsus; basal phalanx of 

 middle toe united for more than half its length to outer toe, for about 

 half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Above plain brown, more olive on back, scapulars, and 

 rump; beneath, white or very pale yellowish, shaded laterally with 

 olive-grayish ; a white or pale yellowish superciliary stripe and a dusky 

 spot in front of eye. 



Nidification — Sub-arboreal. 



Range. — Humid division of Lower Austral life-zone (Austroriparian 

 Province), south in winter to Jamaica. (Monotypic.) 



HELINAIA SWAINSONII Audubon. 

 SWAINSON'S WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum plain brown (varying from deep hair 

 brown or olive-brown to mummy brown), sometimes with an indistinct 

 median streak of paler, or indication of one; back, scapulars, rump, 



'Name from i'/los, a swamp, and vaioa, to inhabit. 




BIRDS OF NORTH ANB MIDDLE AMERICA. 437 



upper tail-coverts and wing-coverts plain olive; tertials warmer brown 

 (inclining to mummy or prouts brown); secondaries and primaries 

 dusky, edged with light brown or olive; tail plain olive-brown; a nar- 

 row superciliary stripe of light yellowish buff or buffy whitish; a tri- 

 angular spot of dusky in front of eye; a postocular streak of brownish; 

 sides of head otherwise pale buffy brownish; under parts pale dull yel- 

 lowish or yellowish white, shaded with olive or olive-grayish laterally; 

 bill light brownish, the mandible usually paler; iris brown; legs and 

 feet pale flesh color in life, pale brownish in dried skins. 



Young. — Head, neck, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, chest, sides, 

 and flanks plain brown (varying from broccoli to bister); rest of under 

 parts whitish or dull pale yellowish, more or less clouded with brown; 

 middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with cinnamon- 

 brown; otherwise like adults, but no trace of lighter superciliary nor 

 darker postocular stripes. 



Adult male.— l^ength (skins), 124.5-129.5 (126.5);' wing, 67.3-72.1 

 (69.6); tail, 46.5-49.8 (48.3); exposed culmen, 14.7-16 (15.5); tarsus, 

 17.5-18.3 (18).' 



Admit female.— Ij&ngth (skins), 125.7-129.5 (128.3); wing, 69.3-70.6 

 (70.1); tail, 47. 7-50. 5 (49.5); exposed culmen, 15-16.7 (15.5); tarsus, 18.' 



Austroriparian district (humid division of Lower Austral life-zone) 

 of eastern United States, breeding from Georgia and the Gulf coast 

 (northwestern Florida to Louisiana) north to southeastern Virginia 

 (Dismal Swamp), western Kentucky (Fulton Count j^), southwestern 

 Indiana (Knox County), and southeastern Myiarchusssouri (Dunklin County); 

 west to eastern Texas (Navarro County); south in winter to Bahamas 

 (Bimini islands), Cuba, and Jamaica. 



Sylvia swainsonii Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 563, pi. 198 (near Charleston, 

 South Carolina; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Sylvicola sivainsonii Kichabdson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1836 (1837), 171. 



Helinaia swainsonii Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 66; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 

 83, pi. 104. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 638. — 

 Looms, Auk, iv, 1887, 347 (Chester, South Carolina); viii, 1891, 169 (same 

 occurrence). — Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 187 (Key West, Florida, migrant); vii, 

 1890, 16 (Punta Rassa and Key West, migr.), 313 (Garden Key, Dry Tor- 

 tugas, Myiarchusr. 25 and Apr. 6); ix, 1892, 213 ( Caloosahatchie R., Florida, 

 migratory); x, 1893, 340 (Jamaica).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 

 239.— PiNDAE, Auk, vi, 1889, 315 (Fulton Co., Kentucky).— Brewster and 

 Chapman, Auk, viii, 1891, 137, 138. (Suwanee R., Florida, Myiarchusr. 22).— 

 Wayne, Auk, x, 1893, 338 (lower Suwanee R., breeding); xii, 1895, 365, 

 367 (Wacissa R., Florida, breeding).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 

 1893, 175.— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, 492 (Raleigh, Tennes- 

 see, breeding).— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Sec. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 111 

 (Louisiana, summer resid.).— Daniel, Auk, xix, 1902, 18 (Dismal Swamp, 

 Virginia, breeding; rare). 



'Length before skinning, 139.7-165.1; extent of wing, 218.4-228.6 (Brewster). 

 ' Five specimens. ' Three specimens. 




438 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Helinaiaswainsoni'RiTiGn' AY, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club., iii, 1878, 163 (Knox Co., 

 Indiana); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 121.— Nbwton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 

 552 (Jamaica).— Bkewster, Auk, ii, 1885, 76 [65-80] (monographic), 346- 

 348 (descr. nests and eggs).— Mekeiam, Auk, ii, 1885, 377 (Jamaican rec- 

 ords) .— Lawbencb, Auk, iv, 1887, 37, 263 (Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana) .— 

 Beckham, Auk, iv, 1887, 305 (Bayou Sara, Louisiana; descr. habits and 

 song).— Galbbaith, Auk, v, 1888, 323 (Lake Pontchartrain).— CoEy, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 296 (Bimini islands, Bahamas); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117 (Cuba; 

 Jamaica).— FisHEE, Auk, xii, 1895, 307 (Dismal Swamp, Virginia). 



Helomea maimoni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, Myiarchusr. 27, 1880, 2; Aug. 24, 

 1880, 171; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 76; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 

 54 (Navarro Co., Texas).— Ogilby, Sci. Proc. Hoy. Dublin Soc, iii, 1882, 

 (18) (Rice, Navarro Co., Texas, Aug. 24).— Meeriam, Auk, ii, 1885, 104 

 (Sombrero Key, Florida, Sept. 14-21). 



Vermivora swainsoni Bonapaete, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. 



MlniotUta] swainsoni Geay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



IMniotilta'] swainsoni Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3464. 



H\_elmitheros'\ swaiiuoni Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20, footnote. 



[Helmitherosl swainsoni Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314. 



HelmUherus swainsonii Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 252; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 179. 



HelmUherus swainsoni Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 180. — Gundlach, Repert. 

 Fisico.-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 232; Journ. fur Orn., 1872, 412 (Cuba).— CouBS, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 109 (South Carolina); Check List, 1873, no. 

 61.— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (St. Augustine, Florida, 

 Apr.).— Myiarchusynaed, Birds Florida, 1873, 47.— Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 190, pi. 10, fig. 9; iii, 1874, 504 (Florida).— Beown, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 172 (Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, Alabama; 

 habits and song).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 27; Birds W. I., 1889, 41 (Cuba; 

 Jamaica). 



[HelmUherus'] swainsoni Coey, List Birds W. I., 1885, 7. 



{HehnUherus} swainsonii Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93. 



Helmintherus sviainsoni Coues, Birds Col. Yal., 1878, 212, footnote; Check List, 

 2ded., 1882, no. 97. 



Hlelminthei~us] sxvainsoni Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 292. 



H^elminihoiherus] swainsoni Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 

 14, Aug., 1880, 112.— Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 105. 



Helminthotherus swainsoni Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 232 (Jamaica). 



Helminthophaga swainsonii AxiMS, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 513. 



Genus HELMITHEROS Rafinesque. 



HelmUheros Rafinesque, Journ. de Phys., Ixxxviii, 1819, 418. (Type, H. inigra- 



torius Rafinesque, =MotaciUa vermivora Gmelin. ) 

 HelmUherus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 250. 

 Helmintherus (emendation) Salvin, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1867, 135. 

 HelmUhera (emendation) Sundevall, Tent. Meth. Av. Disp., 1872, 28. 

 Helminthotherus (emendation) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 



14, Aug., 1880, 112. 



Similar to Helinaia, but with the bill shorter, less compressed, with 

 culmen slightly curved and not conspicuously ridged, nor elevated 

 between nostrils; ninth primary longer than seventh (instead of 

 shorter); head consjjicuously striped (four black inclosing three buff 

 stripes). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 439 



Bill decidedly shorter than head, wedge-shaped, but with culmen 

 obviously (though slightly) curved, moderately compressed, with cul- 

 men not sharply ridged nor conspicuously elevated between nostrils; 

 maxillary tomium without subterminal notch; tip of both maxilla and 

 mandible acute; gonys slightly shorter than distance from nostril to 

 tip of maxilla. Nasal fossae broad but rather short, chiefly occupied by 

 the broad operculum overhanging the longitudinally oval or subcuneate 

 nostril. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather long, pointed (ninth, 

 eighth, and seventh primaries longest and nearly equal, the ninth 

 longer than seventh, sometimes longest); wing-tip slightly longer than 

 tarsus. Tail slightly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip 

 of secondaries, even or very slightly rounded, the rectrices moderately 

 broad. Tarsus decidedly longer than commissure (about one-fourth 

 as long as wing or slightly more), its scutella rather indistinct; middle 

 toe with claw slightly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe 

 united for more than half its length to outer toe, for about basal half 

 to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Head and under parts buffy , the former with four black 

 stripes; rest of upper parts plain olive-greenish; sexes alike. 



Nidijication. — ^Terrestrial. 

 • Range. — Eastern United States (humid division of Upper and Lower 

 Austral zones) ; south in winter to Cuba, Jamaica, and Central America 

 as far as Panama. (Monotypic.) 



HELMITHEROS VERMIVORUS (Gmelin). 

 WORM-EATING WARBLEE. 



Advlts {sexes aUJce).^P\\Q\nn. with two broad lateral stripes of black 

 and a median one of olive-buff; rest of upper parts plain grayish olive- 

 green; a broad superciliary stripe of pale buff or cream-buff, margined 

 beneath by a rather broad postocular streak of black and a more or less 

 distinct triangular spot of the same, or dusky grayish, in front of eye; 

 sides of head below this black line, with entire under parts pale dull 

 buffy, deepest on chest, paler on throat and abdomen (the latter some- 

 times nearly white), tinged with grayish olive on flanks; under tail- 

 coverts pale olive-grayish, edged and broadly tipped with pale yellowish 

 buff; maxilla brown, usually darker on culmen; mandible paler (pale 

 flesh color in life?); iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown in 

 dried skins (more fleshy in life). 



Adults in winter are more richly colored, the sides of head, chest, 

 etc., deeper buff, the abdomen buffy yellowish, and the olive-green of 

 upper parts less grayish. 



Young.— R&ajA., neck, and under parts buff', the pileum with two 

 broad, but not strongly contrasted, lateral stripes of wood brown or 

 Isabella color; a postocular streak of the same color; back, scapulars, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts wood brown or Isabella color; wing- 




440 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



coverts light buflfy olive, the middle and greater broadly but not sharply 

 tipped with cinnamon-buflF; remiges and rectrices grayish olive-green, 

 as in adults. 



Adult OTfrfe.— Length (skins), 118.1-127 (121.1); wing, 66.3-Y2.9 

 (69.3); tail, 47.7-51 (49.3); exposed culmen, 12.9-14.5(13.7); tarsus,, 

 17.8-18.3 (18).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 110.5-127 (117.3); wing, 64.8-67.1 

 (65.8); tail, 44.7-47.7 (46.6); exposed culmen, 12.7-13.7 (13.2); tarsus, 

 17.8-19.3 (18.3).=' 



Eastern United States, breeding northward to southern Connecticut 

 (Say brook; Gales Ferry; near New Haven), southeastern New York 

 (lower Hudson Valley), Pennsylvania (Beaver, Butler, Armstrong, 

 and Delaware counties), southern Wisconsin (vicinity of Racine), etc.; 

 occasional in Myiarchusssachusetts (Cambridge; Easthampton); in winter 

 south to Bahamas (New Providence; Great Inagua; Cay Lobos), Cuba, 

 Jamaica, Cayman Brae (near Cuba), and through eastern Mexico and 

 Central America to Veragua (Santa Fe). 



[Motacilla] vermivora Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 951 (based on The Worm-eater, 

 Vermivora Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., ii, 200, pi. 305). 



[Sylvm] vermivora Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 544. 



Sylvia vermivora Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 74, pi. 24, iig. 4. — Vieillot, Nouv. 

 Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 2d ed., xi, 1817, 278; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 480.— Ndttall, 

 Myiarchusn. Orn. TJ. S. and Can., i, 1832, 409.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 177; 

 V, 1839, 460. 



Dacnis vermivora Audubon, Birds Am., fol. ed., pi. 34. 



Sylmcola vermivora Eichakdson, Eep. Brit. Soc. Adv. Sci. for 1836 (1837), 171. 



Helinaia vermivora Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 66; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 86, 

 pi. 105. — ^Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 35, pi. 6, fig. 4. — Bbeweb, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba) . 



M\niotilta'\ vermivora Geay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotiltal vermivora Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3463. 



Hylophilus vermivorus Temminck, PI. Col., i, 1831 (?) (Tableau M6tliodique, 

 p. 36). 



[Helmitherosl wrmitiora Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, Apr. 20, 1850, 314. 



Slelmitheros'] vermivorus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20,' footnote; Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1860, 328 (Costa Kica). 



Helmitheros vermivorus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 476 (Cuba); 1861, 326, 

 409 (Cuba).— ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— 

 RiDQWAY, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 124. 



Helmitheros vermivorus Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 252; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 178; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 179.— Sclatee and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1959, 11 (Guatemala).— ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1865, 28 (Guatemala; 

 Jamaica). — Gundlach, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 232; Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1872, 412 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1876, 63.— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 ix, 1868, 94 (San Jos^, Costa Rica) ; 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).— Sdmi- 

 CHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (mountains near Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz, in winter) . — Greoo, Proc. Elmira Acad., 1870, — (Chemung Co., New 

 York).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (St. Augustine, Florida, 

 Apr.).; Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i, 1886, 255 (Cambridge, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 

 spec, Sept. 19, 1881).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 60; Birds N. W., 1874, 



» Eight specimens. '' Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE A.MERICA. 441 



48. — Myiarchusynard, Birds Florida, 1873, 45 (wintering). — Baird, Brewer, and 

 EiDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 187, pi. 10, fig. 10; iii, 1874, 504 (Law- 

 rence, Kansas, Myiarchusy) — Ridgway, Field and Forest, i, 1875, 10 (nesting hab- 

 its). — Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (Saybrook, Connecticut, 

 breeding).— PuRDiE, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (Suffield, Connecticut, 

 1 spec). — Merriam, Trans. Conn. Acad., iv, 1877, 12 (Connecticut). — Brew- 

 ster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 1875, 134 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia, breeding; 

 habits; song); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 23 (descr. young). — Bicknbll, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 129 (Riverdale, New York, breeding).— Cory, 

 Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 56; Auk, iii, 1886, 27; vi, 1889, 31 (Cayman Brae); 

 ix, 1892, 49 (Inagua, Bahamas) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 41; Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 117 (New Providence and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica). — 

 WooLSEY, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 116 (near New Haven, Connecticut, 

 breeding). — Spelman, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 246 (Cambridge and 

 Easthampton, Myiarchusssachusetts, accidental) . — Rives, Auk, ii, 1885, 103 (Albe- 

 marle Co., Virginia; descr. nest and eggs). — Sage, Auk, ii, 1885, 305 (New 

 Haven, Connecticut, breeding) .^-American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, no. 639.— Butler, Bull. Brookv. Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 34 

 (Franklin Co., Indiana, very common summer resid. ). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 239.— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 16 (Punta Rassa, Florida, 

 migrant; Tarpon Springs, Myiarchusr. 25 to late in Apr. ; Key West, Apr. and Aug. 

 30 to Oct. 1). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 539 (summer resid. in e. Kan- 

 sas). — Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 397 (Beaver, Butler, and Armstrong counties, 

 Pennsylvania, breeding). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 182, 

 pi. 11, fig. 5. — Howe, Auk, xvii, 1900, 389 (Gales Ferry, Connecticut, June 

 24).— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 111 (Louisiana, 

 breeding). — Daniel, Auk, xix, 1902, 18 (Dismal Swamp, Virginia, breeding.) 



[HelmUherus] vermivorus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93. — ScLATERand Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 



Hlelmitherus] vermivorus Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 98 (Waukegan, n. e. 

 Illinois, 1 spec.).— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 485. 



Helmintherus vermivorus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 135 (Santa F^, 

 Veragua).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (San Jos6, Costa Rica).— 

 Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 211; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 96.— Wool- 

 SEY, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Vj 1880, 116 (near New Haven, Connecticut, 

 breeding).— Rhoads, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 55 (Delaware Co., Penn- 

 sylvania and Camden, New Jersey, breeding). 



Hlelmintherus'] vermivorus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 291. 



[Helmintherus'] vermivorus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 8. 



Helminthotherus vermivorus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 

 14, Aug., 1880, 112.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 77.— Bicknell, 

 Auk, i, 1884, 210 (song).— Sage, Auk, ii, 1885, 305 (New Haven, Connecti- 

 cut, breeding).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 230, 638.— Bonhote, 

 Auk, xviii, 1901, 146 (Cay Lobos, Bahamas, Apr. 5). 



H[elmintkotherus'\ vermivorus Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 105. 



Helmitheros migratorius Rafinesque, Journ. Phys., Ixxxviii, 1819, 418 (see Hart- 

 laub. Rev. Zool., viii, 1845, 343). 



Vermivora penmylvanica Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., 2d ser., i, 1827, 434. — Jardine, 

 ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 363.— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 

 1838, 20.— GossE, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 150.— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1853, 212 (near Racine, Wisconsin; afew nest.) ; Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 

 1864 (1865), 438 (Myiarchusssouri).— Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 194, 201 

 (Jamaica).— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 293 (Jamaica). 



iVmnivora] jkdmcapaia Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 245 (based on Wilson, 

 Am. Orn., pi. 24, fig. 4). 




442 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Genus PROTONOTARIA Baird. 



Protonotaria Baied, Eep. Pacific K. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 239. (Type, Moiaaila 

 dtrea Boddaert. ) 



Medium sized MniotiltidaB with form essentially similar to that of 

 IMm.itheros, but wing-tii^ longer (decidedly exceeding tarsus) and feet 

 weaker, and coloration very different (yellow, with olive-green back, 

 gray wings and tail, and white under tail-coverts, the inner webs of 

 rectrices mostly white). 



Bill decidedly shorter than head, wedge-shaped but with culmen 

 obviously curved, compressed (conspicuously so for terminal half), the 

 maxillary tomium with subterminal notch present but indistinct or 

 obsolete; culmen distinctly ridged but not elevated basally; gonys 

 slightly shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. Nasal 

 fossffi broad but mostly covered by latero-frontal feathers, partly con- 

 cealing both the longitudinally oval nostrils and their narrow superior 

 operculum. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather long, rather 

 pointed (ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries longest, the ninth slightly 

 shorter than seventh); wing- tip long, much exceeding length of tarsus. 

 Tail slightly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of second- 

 aries, slightly rounded. Tarsus decidedly longer than commissure, 

 its scutella indistinct (sometimes fused on outer side); middle toe with 

 claw much shorter than tarsus; lateral toes with claws falling short of 

 base of middle claw; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of 

 its length to outer toe, for more than half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Yellow, with under tail-coverts and greater part of 

 inner webs of rectrices white, back and scapulars (also pileum and 

 hindneck in females) olive-green, wing-edgings, rump, upper tail- 

 Goverts, and edges of rectrices graj'. 



Nidification. — In holes of stumps or trees. 



Range. — Humid division of Upper and Lower Austral life-zones, 

 in swamps and wet bottom lands; in winter south through Mexico 

 and Central America to northern South America and to Cuba. 

 (Monotypic.) 



PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Boddaert). 

 FROTHONOTARY WARBLER. 



Adult male in summer. — Head, neck, and under parts (except under 

 tail-coverts) rich yellow (varying from lemon to cadmium, usually 

 nearer the latter), the head sometimes tinged or flecked with cadmium 

 orange; back and scapulars plain yellowish olive-green, this sometimes 

 extending anteriorly over hindneck and occiput;^ rump, upper tail- 



' Frequently the entire hindneck and occiput are pure yellow, abruptly defined 

 against the olive-green of the back; more often there is more or less of a patch of 

 yellowish olive-green on the occiput, the hindneck being yellow. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 443 



coverts, wing-coverts, and tertials plain gray or slate-gray ; secondaries, 

 primaries, and rectrices black, edged with slate-gray, the inner webs 

 of rectrices (except middle pair) white tipped with blackish; under 

 tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts and axillars white, tinged with 

 yellow; inner webs of remiges edged with white; bill black; iris 

 brown; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins), the claws paler. 



Adult male in winter. — Similar to the summer male, but maxilla 

 brownish, darker terminally, and mandible mostl}^ very pale brownish 

 or brownish white. 



Adult female. — Similar to the male, but smaller and much duller in 

 color; olive-green of back extended anteriorly over hindneck and 

 pileum; yellow of under parts less intense, more or less tinged with 

 olive, and becoming much paler on abdomen and flanks, the latter 

 strongly tinged with olive; bill dusky in summer, light-colored (as in 

 winter male) in winter. 



Young. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars dull olive-greenish; 

 wing-coverts, tertials, rump, and upper tail-coverts slate-gray, tinged 

 with olive, the middle and greater wing-coverts narrowly tipped with 

 light olive-greenish, producing two very indistinct bands; secondaries, 

 primaries, and rectrices as in adults; sides of head pale yellowish olive; 

 chin, throat, and chest dull light grayish olive, darkest on chest; rest 

 of under parts dull white, passing on sides and flanks into olive- 

 grayish. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 118.1-130.8 (123.7); wing, 71.1-74.2 

 (72.9); tail, 46.2-49.8 (48); exposed culmen, 12.9-13.7 (13.2); tarsus, 

 18.3-19.8 (19).^ 



Adult female.—hength (skins), 116.8-125.5 (120.1); wing, 65.5-69,1 

 (67.3); tail, 42.9^8.5 (45); exposed culmen, 12.9-13.5 (13.2); tarsus, 

 18.5-19.6 (19.3).^ 



More southern portions of eastern United States, breeding from 

 Gulf States (northern Florida to eastern Texas), north to Virginia 

 (lower districts), southern Ohio, Indiana (nearly whole State), southei-n 

 Myiarchuschigan, northeastern Illinois (Cook County), Iowa (Myiarchusscatine), 

 southeastern Myiarchusnnesota, eastern Nebraska (Omaha; Nebraska City), 

 etc. ; occasional northward to Myiarchusssachusetts (several records), south- 

 eastern New York (Yonkers), Ontario (Hamilton), and Wisconsin, 

 casually to Myiarchusine (Calais) and New Brunswick; south in winter to 

 Cuba and through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colombia, 

 Venezuela, and Trinidad. 



Motadlla cUrea Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 44 (baaed on Figuier & venire et 



titejaunes de la Louisiana Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 704, fig. 2). 

 M[niotUta] citrea Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [Mniotilta'] citrea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3454. 



'Five specimens. 




444 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MDSEUM. 



Protonolaria citreaB aird, Rep. Pacific K. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 239; Cat. N. Am, Birds, 

 1859, no. 169; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 173.— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1861, 324 (Cuba); 1862, 178; 1872, 411; Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 

 231.— ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 26 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia).— Verrill, 

 Proc. Best. See. N. H., ix, 1863, 233 (Myiarchusine, accidental).— Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 94 (Punta Arenas, w. Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, 

 Yucatan).— Frantzids, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 292 (Costa Rica).— Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend. 1870, 780 (Merida, Venezuela) ; 1879, 

 494 (Colombia).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4 (Neosho Falls, Kansas, 

 breeding).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 184, 

 pi. 10, fig. 8.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (Calais, Myiarchusine; 

 New Brunswick).— Page, Nat. and Fancier, 1877, 33 (Myiarchusscatine, Iowa, 

 breeding).— Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 210, footnote (synonymy); Check 

 List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 95.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878,22 

 (descr. young), 153-162 (near Mount Carmel, Illinois; habits, etc.); Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 410 (Concord, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec), 487 (do., 2 more).— Brown, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 172 (Coosada, Alabama, Apr.).— Trotter, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 235 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2 spec); 

 V, 1880, 115 (do.).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 

 111. — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 75; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 

 119.— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 9 (Fort Bend Co., etc., 

 s. e. Texas, breeding).— Ogilby, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, iii, 1882, 18 

 (Navarro Co., Texas, breeding).— Grundvig, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 

 1883, 68 (Shioctin, Wisconsin, Myiarchusy 4, 1 spec.).— Hazard, Auk, i, 1884,290 

 (s. e. Rhode Island, 1 spec. ). —Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 27 (Cuba) ; Birds W. I., 

 1889, 41; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117 (Cuba).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 249, 641 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Antioquia and Valle Dupar, Colombia; Yera- 

 gua, etc.). — Cooke, Auk, ii, 1885, 32 (mouth of Root R., s. w. Wisconsin, 

 Aug., 1 spec); Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 238 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley locali- 

 ties and dates). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 637. — PuRDiE, Auk, iii, 1886, 488 (Plymouth Co., Myiarchusssachusetts) . — Sage, Auk, 

 iv, 1887, 164 (Northampton, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec. Myiarchusy, 1883). — Putcher, 

 Auk, V, 1888, 182 (Montauk Point, Long Island, Aug. 26).— Moore, Auk, 

 V, 1888, 210 (near Areola, Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania, Myiarchusy 15).— 

 MyiarchusIlwraith, Auk, v, 1888, 322 (Hamilton, Ontario, Myiarchusy 23) ; Birds Ontario, 

 1894, 355 (do.).— Evermann, Auk, vi, 1889, 26 (Carroll Co., Indiana, breed- 

 ing). — Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 16 (Punta Rassa, Tarpon Springs, and Key 

 West, Florida, during migration); 313 (Garden Key, Tortugas, Apr. 6).— 

 Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891,537, (e. and mid. Kansas, summer resid. ). — Nehr- 

 ling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 170, pi. 10.— Brimley, Auk, x, 1893, 244 

 (Bertie Co., North CaroUna, July to Sept.). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 483 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Sept. 2 and in winter).— 

 Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss., vi, 1894, 24 (Trinidad).— LoucKS, Bull. 111. State 

 Labr. N. H., iv, 1894, 10-35, with map (life hist, and distr. in Illinois).— 

 Fhazar, Auk, xii, 1895, 84 (Myiarchusttapan Station, Myiarchusssachusetts, Sept. 15).— 

 BicKNELL, Auk, xii, 1895, 306 (Yonkers, New York, June 2).— Wayne, Auk, 

 xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa and Aucilla rivers, n. w. Florida, breeding). — Dinn, 

 Auk, xii, 1895, 395 (Riverdale, n. e. Illinois, Myiarchusy 25).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. 

 Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia).— Roberts, Auk, xvi, 

 1899, 236-246, figs. 1-6 (Myiarchusssissippi bottoms, s. e. Myiarchusnnesota, breeding abun- 

 dantly ).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 178 (Bonda, prov. Santa 

 Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Oct. 8 to Jan. 30). — Beyer, Proc Louis. Soc Nat. for 

 1897-99 (1900), 111 (Louisiana, breeding) .—Bruner, Proc Nebr. Orn. Tn., 

 2d an. meet., 1901, 57 (Omaha and Nebraska City, Nebraska, breeding).— 

 Daniel, Auk, xix, 1892, 17 (Dismal Swamp, Virginia, breeding). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 445 



IFrotonotaria] cilrea Sclater and Salvin, Nodq. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. — Cory, List 



Birds W. I., 1885, 7 (Cuba). 

 Plrotonotaria] direct Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 98 (n. e. Illinois, rare 



summer visit. ) . — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 291. — Ridqway, 



Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 484. 

 [Protonotaria] citnea ConEs, Key, 1872, 93. 



Protonotaria cUrsea Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 59; Birds N. W., 1874, 47. 

 Plrotonotaria] ciincii Nelson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 42 (near Chicago, 2 



specs., summer). 

 Helminthophaga dtrea Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., ix. Myiarchusr., 1861, 85 (Costa Rica). 

 [Moiadtla] protonotarius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 972 (based on Figuier Protono- 



laire Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 316; Proihonotary Warbler Latham, Gen. 



Synop., ii, pt.2, 494). 

 [Sylvia'] protonotarius Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 542. 

 Sylvia protonotarius yimhhoT, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 27, pi. 83. — Wilson, Am. 



Orn., iii, 1811, 72, pi. 24, fig. 3. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 



1824, 195; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 86.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 



i, 1832, 410.— Audubon, Orn.Biog., i, 1831, 22; v, 1839, 460. 

 Sylvia protonotaria Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 211, pi. D22, fig. 2. 

 Sylvicola protonotaria 'Rich AKDSoa, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 171. 

 Yermivora protonotarius Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 362, pi. 24, fig. 



3. — BoN.\PAHTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Woodhouse, Sitgreaves' 



Exped. Zuiii and Col., 1853, 72 (Indian Territory; Texas). — Hoy, Ann. Rep. 



Smithson. Inst, for 1864 (1865), 438 (Myiarchusssouri). 

 Helinaia protonotarius AviiuBOJn, Synopsis, 1839, 67; Birds Am., oct. ed.,ii, 1841, 



89, pi. 106. 

 Dacnis protonotaria Audubon, Birds Am., fol. ed.,pl. 3. 

 {Helmitheros] protonotarius 3onAPAnTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314. 

 Hlelminthophaga] protonotarius Cab Aais, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20, footnote. 

 [Motadlla] auricollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 984 (based on Le Grand Figuier 



de Canada Brisson, Orn., iii, 508, pi. 26, fig. 1, etc.). 

 [Sylvia] auricollis Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 536. 

 Sylvia auricoUisYiEihhOT, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 447. — Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. 



and Can., i, 1832, 380. 

 Sylvicola auricollis Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. TJ. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 431. 

 MlniotiUa] auricollis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



Genus -HELMINTHOPHILA Ridgway. 



Helminthophaga^ (not of Bechstein, 1802) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20. 



(Type, Motadlla chrysoptera Linnaeus. ) 

 Helminthophila Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan. 1882, 53. (Type, Sylvia 

 ruhricapilla Wilson.) 

 Small MniotiltidEe (wing less than 63.5 mm.) with the bill much 

 shorter than head, narrowlj' wedge-shaped, verj acute at tip, without 

 subterminal tomial notch; rictal bristles obsolete; difference in length 

 between wing and tail nearly if not quite equal to one-fourth the length 

 of the former. 



Bill much shorter than head, narrowly wedge-shaped, with tip very 

 acute; culmen straight or with terminal portion very faintly decurved; 

 maxillary tomium without subterminal notch. Nostril longitudinally 



1 "yon'EXfiivi, wurm, und cpaysiv, fressen." 




446 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



oval or subacuminate, with rather broad superior opereulum or mem- 

 brane. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing moderate or rather long, with 

 three to four outermost primaries abruptly longest (ninth usually- 

 equal to or longer than sixth ^) ; wing-tip usually shorter than tarsus.^ 

 Tail equal to or longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of 

 secondaries (except in H. peregrina), even, slightly emarginate, or 

 double-rounded, the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus much longer than 

 commissure, nearly-one third as long as wing (except in H. peregrina), 

 its scutella indistinct; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than 

 tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half, some- 

 times most of, its length to outer toe, for about the basal half, or 

 slightly more, to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Very variable, but never with the throat orange nor 

 back black; if with a white superciliary stripe (extending above auric- 

 ulars) the forehead yellow and a yellow patch on middle and greater 

 wing-coverts. 



Nidification. — Terrestrial, or (in H. lucice) the nest placed in holes 

 or behind bark of stumps or tree trunks. 



Range. — North America in general, including highlands of Mexico; 

 Central America and northern South America and Cuba in winter. 

 (Ten species.) 



There is considerable variation in details of external structure in 

 this genus. H. peregrina stands alone in having the wing-tip much 

 longer than the tarsus, the tail shorter than distance from bend of 

 wing to tip of secondaries and decidedly emarginate, and is besides the 

 only species without yellow on under parts and at the same time with- 

 out chestnut or tawny-ochraceous on crown. H. rvhricapiUa is unique 

 in the short ninth primary, which is shorter than the sixth instead of 

 equal to it or longer. H. iachnani has the bill decidedly more slender 

 than other species, and with a perceptible downward trend at the tip. 

 It also has the frontal feathering more deeply cleft by the sharply ridged 

 culmen, the latero-frontal antise forming an acute angle in the poste- 

 I'ior portion of the more narrow nostrils. H. chrysoptera, H. pinus, 

 and If. lucim have the anterior toes more united basally, the basal 

 phalanx of the middle toe being joined for most of its length to the 

 outer toe and for more than half its length to the middle toe. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP HELMINTHOPHILA.' 



a. Wings bicolored (tips of middle and greater coverts more or less extensively yellow 

 or white). 

 b. Throat and auricular region black (adult males) or gray or olive-green (adult 

 females). 



' Shorter than sixth only in H. rubricapilla. 



* Equal to tarsus in H. pinus and H chrysoptera, longer in H. peregrina. 

 ^ H. dncinnatiensis (Langdon) is not introduced into the "key" for the reason 

 that it is obviously a hybrid between H. pinus and Oporomis formosa. (See Bidg- 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 447 



c. Back, etc., gray; malar stripe and under parta of body white. (Eastern 

 Nortii America, south in winter to Colombia.) 



Helminthoplilla chrysoptera (p. 448) 

 cc. Back, etc., olive-green; malar stripe and under parts of body yellow. (East- 

 ern United States. ) Helminthophila lawrencii (p. 452) 



6/;. Throat and auricular region white or yellow. 

 c. Back, etc., gray; under parts white, or white and yellow. (Eastern United 



States. ) Helminthopliila leuoobronchialis ( p. 453 ) 



cc. Back, etc., olive-green; under parts yellow. (Eastern United States, south 



in winter to Nicaragua. ) Helminthophila pinus (p. 455 ) 



aa. Wings unicolored, or without distinct if any white or yellow tips to middle and 

 greater coverts. 

 b. Bump and upper tail-coverts concolor with back. 



way. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 237.) Its characters and synonymy are as 

 follows: 



Adult male. — (Type, no. 1394, coll. Frank W. Langdon, Myiarchusdisonville, Hamilton 

 County, Ohio, Myiarchusy 1, 1880): Forehead, anterior portion of crown, and superciliary 

 region, back to about 2.54 mm. behind the eye, gamboge yellow, soiled Ijy indis- 

 tinct olive-greenish tips to the feathers; rest of upper parts uniform olive-green, the 

 wings more grayish, but still with olive-green prevailing; the middle and greater 

 coverts passing into lighter or clearer olive-green at tips (abruptly so on middle 

 coverts), forming two indistinct bands across the wing; tail dull olive-green, the hid- 

 den portion of the feathers (including inner webs) dull brownish slate, the exterior 

 rectrix with a white margin near the tip, and showing an ill-defined lighter space 

 extending obliquely from this white margin to the shaft; upper half of the frontal 

 an tife blackish; lores solid black; auriculars blackish, but this much broken by olive- 

 green tips to the feathers; a suborbital yellow spot, nearly as large as the eye itself, 

 this on one side of the head connected with the yellow below but on the other side, 

 cut off from it by the interposition of a blackish line connecting the dusky of the 

 auriculars with the black of the lores. On each side the crown, a black line, com- 

 mencing over about the middle of the eye and extending backward for about 7.11 

 mm., but mostly concealed by the overlying olive-green tips to the feathers; under 

 parts, including the malar region and under tail-coverts, continuous gamboge yellow, 

 decidedly paler and duller on the tail-coverts; sides of breast, sides, and flanks, 

 strongly shaded with olive-green; under wing-coverts grayish white, tinged with yel- 

 low; axillars light gamboge; "bill, in the flesh, black, excepting extreme tip and 

 base of lower mandible, which are bluish horn-color;'' " eyes dark brown; tarsi and 

 toes pale brownish; claws paler;" total length (fresh specimen), 120.6; wing (skin), 

 64.8; tail, 50.8; culmen, 14; bill from nostril, 8.1; depth of bill at base, 4.1; tarsus, 

 19; middle toe, 10.7. (Wing measured by placing it flat against rule; tail measured 

 from base of coccyx.) 



Helminthophaga cincinnaiiensis Laxgdon, Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., iii, July, 1880, 

 119, 120, pi. 6 (Myiarchusdisonville, Hamilton Co., Ohio; coll. F. W. Langdon), 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 208, pi. 4.— Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 V, 1880, 237 (crit; suggests hybrid origin; Helminthophila })inus + Oporornis 

 formosa); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 78*.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 

 1882, no. 101.— Myiarchusynaed, Birds Eastern U. S., 1882, 519. 

 H[dminthopkila\ dncinnatiensis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 293.— 



Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 487. 

 Helminthophila dncinnatiensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 

 354.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 234, footnote.— American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 356 (Hypothetical List, no. 22). 




448 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



c. Inner web of outermost rectrix with a white patch in middle or subterminal 

 portion; forehead yellow (male) or light yellowish-olive, different from 

 color (gray) of crown (female); chest black (male) or grayish (female). 

 (Humid division of Lower Austral life-zone.) 



Helminthopliila bachmani (p. 458) 

 re. Inner web of outermost rectrix without white patch; forehead not yellow, 

 if yellowish olive the crown also of that color; chest neither black nor 

 grayish. 

 d. Under tail-coverts and abdomen white. (Eastern North America, south 

 in winter to Colombia and Venezuela. ) .Helminthopliila peregrina (p. 460) 

 dd. Under tail-coverts and abdomen yellow. 

 e. Head not gray; no white orbital ring; adult male with crown-spot orange- 

 rufous or ochraceous. {Helminthophila celata.) 

 f. Upper parts grayish olive-green, under parts pale olive-yellowish. 

 (Central and eastern North America, south in winter to Gulf States 



and eastern Mexico. ) Helminthophila celata celata (p. 462) 



ff. Upper parts bright olive-green, under parts bright olive-yellow or 

 canary yellow. 

 g. Tail shorter (averaging 47 in male, 46.2 in female); bill smaller 

 (exposed culmen averaging 9.4 in male, 10.2 in female). (Pacific 

 coast, from Alaska to Guatemala. ) 



Helminthophila celata InteBcens (p. 466) 

 gg. Tail longer (averaging 49.8 in male, 49.5 in female); bill larger 

 (exposed culmen averaging 11.4 in male, 10.4 in female) . (Santa 

 Barbara islands, California. ) 



Helminthophila celata sordida (p. 467) 

 ee. Head (except chin and throat) gray; a white orbital ring; adult male 

 with crown-spot chestnut. {HelmiiUhophUa rubricapitla.) 

 f. Duller in color. (Eastern North America, south in winter to Guate- 

 mala. ) Helminthophila rnbricapilla rubricapilla (p. 468) 



ff. Brighter in color. (Western United States, south in winter to western 



Mexico. ) Helminthophila rubricapilla gnttaralis (p. 470) 



66. Eump and upper tail-coverts different in color from back. 

 c. Rump and upper tail-coverts yellowish olive-green; under tail-coverts yellow 

 or yellowish chestnut. 

 d. Back gray; under tail-coverts yellow. (Western United States.) 



Helminthophila virginis (p. 471) 

 dd. Back brown; under tail-coverts yellowish chestnut. (Southwestern 



Mexico. ) Helminthophila crissalis (p. 473) 



cc. Rump and upper tail-coverts chestnut (adults) or pinkish buffy (young); 

 under tail-coverts white. (Southwestern United States and northwestern 

 Mexico.) Helminthophila luciffi (p. 473) 



HELMINTHOPHILA CHRYSOPTERA (Linnaeus). 

 GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER. 



Wing with a large patch of yellow, covering larger part of middle 

 and greater coverts; back, etc., gray, or merely tinged with olive- 

 green; breast and abdomen white, or merely tinged with yellow; 

 entire auricular region and throat black (male) or gray (female). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 449 



Ad/ult male in spring and summer. — Forehead and crown yellow 

 (lemon or gamboge); supra-auricular region, more or less extensively, 

 white (sometimes this carried forward over eyes or even to along sides 

 of forehead); rest of upper parts, including middle pair of rectrices, 

 plain gray ; ^ exposed portion of middle and greater wing-coverts mostly 

 light lemon or gamboge yellow, forming a large and conspicuous patch 

 on the wing; remiges and rectrices (except middle pair of latter) slate- 

 blackish, edged with gray, the secondaries usually slightl}'^ tinged with 

 olive-green; inner webs of three outermost rectrices extensively white 

 terminally, this occupying the terminal half, more or less, on the 

 exterior rectrix; lores, suborbital region, auricular region, and throat 

 (sometimes chin also) uniform black; a broad malar stripe and under 

 parts of body white, the latter shaded with gray laterally; bill black; 

 iris brown; legs and feet dark brownish in dried skins. 



Admit male in winter. — Similar to the spring and summer plumage, 

 but yellow of crown and gray of back, etc. , more or less obscured by 

 olive-green tips to feathers, and the bill brownish with paler mandible. 

 (In younger specimens the feathers of the black throat-patch narrowly 

 margined with white.) 



Adult female. — Similar to adult male but duller in color, with black 

 of throat and sides of head replaced by gray; yellow of forehead and 

 crown less distinct, sometimes (in younger individuals ?) replaced by 

 olive-green; gray of upper parts and of sides usually more or less tinged 

 with olive-green; white of breast and abdomen duller, often tinged with 

 olive-yellow, especially in winter. 



Young. — Above plain dull grayish olive, becoming brighter, more 

 yellowish olive-green, on rump, upper tail-coverts, and edges of rec- 

 trices and remiges; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale 

 yellowish or dull yellowish white, producing two narrow bands; sides 

 of head light grayish olive, the lores, orbits, malar region, and chin 

 dull whitish or dull pale yellowish; throat and chest dull light grayish 

 olive; rest of under parts dull pale yellow. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 106.7-114.3 (109.5); wing, 59.7-65 

 (62.2); tail, 43.2-47.5 (46.2); exposed culmen, 10.4-11.4 (10.7); tarsus, 

 17-18 (17.5).^ 



Adult femMe.—LBngih (skins), 104.1-109.2 (107.4); wing, 57.7-63.5 



' Slightly bluish slate-gray. ^ Nine specimens. 



8654r-voL 2—01 29 




450 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(59.9); tail, 44.2-48 (45.5); exposed culmen, 10.7-11.4 (10.9); tarsus, 

 17.5-18.3 (17.8).' 



Eastern United States north regularly to Myiarchusssachusetts, New York, 

 southwestern Ontario (Hamilton), northern Myiarchuschigan (Myiarchusckinaclsland), 

 southern Myiarchusnnesota, etc., casually (?) to Myiarchusnitoba (near Winnipeg); 

 breeding southward to northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, northern 

 Indiana, northern and central Illinois (south to Rich-land County ? ) etc., 

 and southward along Allegheny Mountains to South Carolina (Pickens 

 County, 2,500 feet and upward), and eastern Tennessee (Sawyers 

 Springs); south in winter to Cuba and through eastern Mexico and 

 Central America to Colombia. 



IMotaoilla] chrysoptera Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 333 (based on The 

 Golden-winged Flycatcher, Myiarchussckapn alia aureus Edwards, Gleanings Nat. 

 Hist., ii, 189, pi. 299).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 971. 



ISylvia} chrysoptera Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 541. 



Sylvia chrysoptera Vieillot, Ois. Ain., Sept., ii, 37, pi. 97; Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 

 438.— Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 113, pi. 15, fig. 5 (fig. "6" in text).— 

 Bonaparte, Am. Orn., i, 1825, 12, pi. 1, fig. 3. — Ndttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. 

 and Can., i, 1832, 411.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 154, pi. 414. 



Vermivora chrysoptera Jardinb, ed. "Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 259. — Bonaparte, 

 Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. 



Sylvicola chrysoptera Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1836 (1837), 171. 



Helinaia chrysoptera Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 67; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 

 91, pi. 107.— Brewer, Proo. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, I860, 307 (Cuba). 



Mlniotilta'] chrysoptera Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



IMniotilta'] chrysoptera Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3459. 



[Helmitheros] chrysoptera Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 18.W, 315. 



Helmitheros chrysoptera Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, 143 (Bogota, 

 Colombia). 



Hlelminthophaga'] chrysoptera Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20, footnote. 



Helmirdhophaga chrysoptera Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 255; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 181; Review Am. Birds, 1864, 175.— Henry, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 

 397 (Choctum, Guatemala). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 293 

 (Lion Hill, Isth. Panama); viii, 1866, 284 (near New York City); ix, 1868, 

 94 (Barranca, Costa Rica). — Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 



' Three specimens. 



Specimens from opposite sides of Allegheny Mountains average, respectively, as 

 follows: 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 451 



1862, 177 (do.); 1872, 411 (do.); Eepert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i,1865, 232 (do.).— 

 ScLATBR, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 28 (Bogota).— Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Isth. Panama) ; 1879, 494 (Antioquia, 

 Colombia). — Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477 (San Antonio, Texas). — MyiarchusIlwraith, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 85 (Hamilton, Ontario). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1867, 135 (Santa Fg, Veragua) ; 1870, 182 (Calovevora, Veragua).— 

 Frantzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 293 (CandelariaMts., Costa Rica).— Coues, 

 Check List, 1873, no. 63; 2d ed., 1882, no. 102; Birds N. W., 1874, 49; Birds 

 Col. Val., 1878, 216, footnote.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4.— Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 192, pi. 11, fig. 2. — 

 RIDGWAY, Ibis, 1876, 170; Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 81.— Warren, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 6-8 (e. Myiarchusssachusetts; nesting habits, etc.). — 

 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 56 (descr. young).' — Bicknbll, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 130 (Riverdale, New York, Myiarchusy 11).— Sal- 

 vin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 114; Ibis, 1880, 117 

 (Myiarchusnca, Colombia, 2,000 ft. alt.). 

 [Helminthophaga] chrysoptera Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. — Sclater and 



Salvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 7. 

 H[elminthophaga] c/ir-?/sopiero. Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 98, 152 (n. e. 



Illinois; breeding). — Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). 

 Helminihopaga chrysoptera Oabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 328 (Costa Rica). 

 Helminthophila chrysoptera Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 53; 

 Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 127 (breeding in Richland Co. ?).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss. X, 1885, 235, 639.— Hoy, Auk, ii, 1885, 102 (MonroeCo., Myiarchuschigan; 

 descr. nest and eggs) . — Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 173 (Jackson and Myiarchuscon 

 counties. North Carolina, breeding at 2,000-4,100 ft.). — Cory, Auk, iii, 

 1886, 28 (Cuba); Birds W. I., 1889, 42; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117 (Cuba).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 642. — Cooke, Bird 

 Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 240 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley records, dates, etc.). — 

 Bishop, Auk, vi, 1889, 193 (Seymour and Portland, Connecticut). — Scott, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 17 (Key West, Florida, 1 spec, Aug. 25). — Cherkie, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 335 (San Jos^, Costa Rica, Sept. 15, abundant); viii, 1891, 271 

 (San Jos6, Oct. 2). — Batcheldbr, Auk, vii, 1890, 404 (near Winnipeg, 

 Myiarchusnitoba, Myiarchusy 24). — Loomis, Auk, vii, 1890, 127 (Pickens Co., South Caro- 

 olina, breeding at 2,500 ft.); viii, 1891, 331 (Caesars Head, South Carolina, 

 breeding) ; x, 1893, 154 (CsesarsHead).— Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 397 (breedingin 

 Butler, Beaver, and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania); x, 1893, 40 (breed- 

 ing in Indiana Co., Pennsylvania) .—Sage, Auk, x, 1893, 208 (Portland, 

 Connecticut, com. summer resid.; habita).— White, Auk, x, 1893, 227 

 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 

 483 (Escondido R., Nicaragua, Nov. 5).— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1895, 494 (Sawyers Springs, e. Tennessee, breeding);* Auk, xvi, 1899, 312 

 (Beaver, Allegheny, and Westmoreland counties, w. Pennsylvania, breed- 

 ing.)— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 160 (Pueblo Viejo, pro v. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Myiarchusr. 20).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 

 1900, 178 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Sept. to Dec.).— Wood (J. C), 

 Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 (Detroit, Myiarchuschigan, breeding). 

 HlelminthophUa'] chrysoptera Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294.— Ridg- 

 way, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 486. 

 Eelmmtophila chrysoptera Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 184, pi. 11, 



fig. 4. 

 [Motadllalflavifrons Gti^iA^, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 976 (based on Yellow-fronted 

 Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop., ii, pt. 2, 461; Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 404). 

 [Sylna'] flavifrons Latham, Index, Orn., ii, 1790, 541. 

 SyUcola inomata Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 434 (Mexico). 




452 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



HELMINTHOPHILA LAWRENCII (Herrick). 

 LAWRENCE'S WARBLER. 



Pattern of coloration the same as in H. chrysoptera (except, some- 

 times, as to wing-markings), but back, etc. , yellowish olive-green and 

 the malar stripe and under parts (except throat) pure gamboge yellow, 

 as m R. pinus; wing- bands usually (?) separated and whitish, as in 

 H. pinus. 



Adult male m, spring. — Forehead and anterior half of crown intense 

 gamboge yellow, verging to orange; chin, wide malar stripe, and 

 entire lower parts of body (except under tail-coverts) rich gamboge 

 yellow; lores, suborbital region, and auriculars, deep black; upper 

 eyelid yellow, the lower black; a.gular and jugular patch of deep 

 black, of triangular form, pointed anteriorly, greatly widened on the 

 chest, where its posterior outline is convex; thighs dull white, stained 

 with yellow; under tail-coverts white, the tips of the feathers faintly 

 stained with yellow; occiput, hindneck, back, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts bright olive-green; wings and tail bluish gray, the middle and 

 greater wing-coverts tipped with white, forming two wide and tolera- 

 bly distinct bands, the greater coverts and tertials narrowly edged 

 with olive-green ; inner webs of four outer rectrices with more or less 

 white, amounting to only an elongated speck on the fourth, but on 

 the first occupying nearly the whole web; wing, 59.7; tail, 53.3; cul- 

 men, 11.4; tarsus, 17.8.^ (Description from the type in collection of 

 Harold Herrick, New York City.) 



Immature male {second year). — Similar to the fully adult plumage, 

 but colors duller and all the markings less sharplj' defined; black throat- 

 patch broken by narrow yellow margins to the feathers, especially for 

 the anterior half; black postocular patch less extensive than in the 

 adult male, and less deeply black; yellow of head and lower parts 

 less pure, as well as less intense; wing, 63.5; tail, 54.6; culmen, 12.7; 

 tarsus, 17.8; middle toe, 10.2.^ (Fi'om specimen in the Lawrence 

 collection, from Hoboken, New Jersey; spring of 1876.) 



[This bird, the status of which has not yet been fully determined, is 

 essentially a H. chrysoptera with olive-green replacing the gray of that 

 species and brigh't yellow replacing the white, but with white wing- 

 bands, as in typical Id. pinus. ^ It is also essentially a R. pinm with 



' Wing measured with primaries pressed flat against the rule, and tail measured to 

 base of the coccyx. 



''The character of the wing-markings is, however, not strictly diagnostic in the 

 case of either H. chrysoptera or H. pinus. Sometimes the yellow wing-patch of the 

 former is distinctly separated into two bands by the extensively dark basal portion 

 of the greater coverts, while occasionally the color of these bands, or even of the 

 larger patch itself, may be nearer white than yellow. On the other hand, H. pinw 

 sometimes has the two bands so nearly confluent as to form quite as large and con- 

 tinuous a patch as in H. chrysoptera (sometimes the anterior band is wanting alto- 

 gether and the posterior one obsolete), while frequently the band or patch is more 

 or less strongly tinged with yellow. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 453 



the black throat-patch and broad black band on side of head of II. 

 chrysopte7'a.] 



New Jersey (Passaic River; Hoboken; Morristown); New York 

 (Westchester County); Connecticut (Portland; New Haven; Stam- 

 ford; Fairfield County). 



Helminthophaga lawrencii Hekrick, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 220, pi. 15 

 (Passaic R., New Jersey; coll. H. Herrick). — Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 170. — 

 CouEs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 214, footnote; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 

 99.— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 209, footnote. 



Hldminthophaga] lawrencii Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168, 169 (diagnosis; crit. ). 



Helminthophaga lawrencei Herbick, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 19 (Hoboken, 

 New Jersey). — Langdon, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 209, footnote. — 

 Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 80. — Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vi, 1881, 218-225, in text (crit.).— Myiarchusynard, Birds E. U. S., 1882, 509. 



H[elminthophila'] lav/rencei Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan. 1882, 53; 

 Auk, ii, 1885, 359, 361, 363, in t«xt; Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 486.— Brewster, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 411 (Morristown, New Jersey; hybrid with H. pinus). — 

 Eames, Auk, vi, 1889, 305, 306, 307, 309, in text (Connecticut; habits, etc.) .— 

 Sage, Auk, x, 1893, 209, in text (Portland, Connecticut, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 14, 

 1887). 



HelminthophUa laturencei American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 20.— VooHHEES, Auk, v, 1888, 427 ("Westchester Co., New York).— 

 Bishop, Auk, vi, 1889, 193 (New Haven and Stamford, Connecticut). 



Hlelminthophilal lawrendif Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed. , 1884, 293. 



HelminthophUa lawrencii Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 233, footnote. 



Hlelminthophila] lawrencii Voorhees, Auk, xi, 1894, 259, in text (Fairfield 

 Co., Connecticut). 



HELMINTHOPHILA LEUCOBRONCHIALIS (Brewster). 

 BREWSTER'S WARBLER. 



Similar in pattern of coloration (except, sometimes, as to wing-mark- 

 ings) to II. pinus, but the back, etc. , bluish gray instead of olive-green, 

 and the under parts partly (sometimes wholly) white, in.stead of yellow; 

 wing-bands usually ( ?) coalesced and yellow (as in II. chrysoptera), some- 

 times separated and white (as in H. pinus). 



Adult male. — Forehead and anterior portion of crown gamboge yel- 

 low, becoming white laterally, immediately above the black line through 

 eye; occiput, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, and 

 tail plain bluish gray (between slate-gray and plumbeous); exposed 

 portion of middle and greater wing-coverts mostly yellow (canary or 

 sulphur), forming a large and conspicuous patch; rest of wings dusky 

 with bluish gray edgings, these more or less tinged with olive-green 

 ontertials; inner webs of three outer rectrices extensively white ter- 

 minally, this occupying more than terminal half on outermost rectrix; 

 lower half of lores and a postocular streak black; suborbital region, 

 greater part of auricular region, malar region, and entire under parts 

 white, the sides and hanks pale gray, the breast sometimes tinged with 

 yellow; maxilla black, mandible more grayish; iris brown; legs and feet 




454 BULLETITSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 115.6-120.6 (118.1): 

 wing, 61.5-63 (62.2); tail, 46.2-47.5 (46.7); exposed culmen, 11.2-11.7 

 (11.4); tarsus, 17.8-18.3 (18).^ 



AdMlt female. — Similar to the adult male, but duller in color; yellow 

 of forehead and crown more or less obscured by olive-green tips to 

 feathers; gray of upper parts more or less tinged with olive-green, 

 and white of under parts more or less tinged with yellow, especially 

 on breast; black line on lores and behind eye duller, more dusky 

 grayish; length (skin), 121.9; wing, 61.5; tail, 47.5; exposed culmen, 

 10.9; tarsus, 17.3.' 



[In its typical form, as described above, this bird is essentially a 

 H. chrysoptera, without the black (male) or gray (female) throat-patch 

 of that species and with the black or gray band on side of head reduced 

 to a narrow streak, as in H. pinus. It is also essentially a H. pinus 

 with the wing of II. chrysoptera, the olive-green of upper parts replaced 

 by gray and the yellow of sides of head and under parts replaced by 

 white. Variations tend more toward H. pinus than toward S. chrysop- 

 tera; for, while the under parts are often considerably tinged with 

 yellow (sometimes extensively yellow, the whole breast being frequently 

 bright yellow) and the upper parts tinged with olive-green, there 

 is seldom, if ever, an indication of the black or gray throat-patch of 

 H. chrysoptera. The black postocular streak, however, is sometimes 

 greatly extended, both as to length and width, specimens thus marked 

 approaching II. chrysoptera in this respect. It is altogether probable, 

 both in the case of this form and H. lawrencii, that dichromatism as 

 well as hybridism enters into the question of their origin; in other 

 words, while II. pinus apparently exhibits, rarely, a white and gray 

 (instead of yellow and olive-green) phase, and H. chrysoptera., as rarely, 

 a yellow and olive-green, instead of white and gray, phase, the two 

 species interbreed to such an extent, not onl\' with one another, but 

 each with II. leacobronchialis and II. kmiren.cii (the hybrids being 

 fertile inter se) that the problem is a very complicated one, and there- 

 fore most difficult to work out satisfactorily.' 



Eastern United States: Myiarchusssachusetts (Newton ville; Hudson); Con- 

 necticut (Wauregan; Suffield; Deep River; Portland; Saybrook; Sey- 

 mour; New Haven; North Haven); New York (Rockland County; 

 Sing Sing; Croton Point; Parkville, Long Island); Pennsylvania 

 (Delaware County; Chester County); New Jersey (Myiarchusplewood; 

 Englewood; Morristown) ; Myiarchusryland (Riverdale); Virginia (Alex- 

 andria County); Louisiana (Myiarchusndeville) ; Myiarchuschigan (Ottawa County). 



' Two specimens. 

 ''■ One specimen. 



^See Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 218; Auk, iii, 1886, 411; and Ridg- 

 way, Auk, ii, 1885, 359. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 455 



Helminthophapa leucobronchialis Brbwstek, American Sportsman (newspaper), v, 

 Oct. 17, 1874, 33, in text (Newtonville, Myiarchusssachusetts; coll. W. Brewster); 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, Jan., 1876, 1, pi. 1; iii, 1878, 99 (Wauregan, Con- 

 necticut), 199 (Suffield, Connecticut); vi, 1881, 218 (crit.; considered as 

 hybrid between H. chrysoptera and H. pinm); Auk, i, 1884, 91 (Deep E., 

 Connecticut; crit.).— Coubs, Birds N. W., 1874, 760, in index; Birds Col. 

 Val., 1878, 213; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 100.— Brewek, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H.,xvii,1875, 439.— Ridgway, Ibis, Apr., 1876, 170; Norn. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 82.— Myiarchusynakd, Birds Eastern U. S., 1882, 509.— Myiarchusnot, Birds New 

 Eng., 1877, 92.— Teottek, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 79 (Delaware Co., 

 Pennsylvania) ; iii, 1878, 44; iv, 1879, 59 (Rockland Co., New York) ; Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 59 (do.).— Fisher, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 

 1879, 234 (Sing Sing, New York); vi, 1881, 245 (Sing Sing and Oroton Point, 

 New York) .— Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 185 (Hudson, Myiarchusssa- 

 chusetts; Portland and Saybrook, Connecticut; Ottawa Co., Myiarchuschigan). — 

 Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 89.— Langdon, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 V, 1880, 209, footnote.— Sage, Auk, i, 1884, 91 (Deep R., Connecticut). 



Hlelminthophaga] leucobronchialis Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168, 169 (diagnosis; crit.). 



II{elminthophila] leucobronchialis Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 

 53; Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 486.— Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 411 (concern- 

 ing supposed hybrid origin). 



Helminthophila leucobronchialis Palmer, Auk, ii, 1885, 304 (Alexandria Co., Vir- 

 ginia).— Sage, Auk, ii, 1885, 304 (New Haven, Connecticut); vi, 1889, 279 

 (Portland, Connecticut); x, 1893, 208 (do.; regular summer resident); xii, 

 1895, 207 (do.; interbreeding with H. chrysoptera). — Ridgway, Auk, ii, 1885, 

 359-363 (crit.).— RiKER, Auk, ii, 1885, 378 (Myiarchusplewood, New Jersey).— 

 Fisher, Auk, ii, 1885, 378 (Sing Sing, New York, 2 specs.), 379 (inter- 

 breeding with H. pinus). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 235, foot- 

 note. — ^American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 355 (Hypothet- 

 ical List, no. 21). — Thurber, Auk, iii, 1886, 411 (near Morristown, New 

 Jersey). — Chapman, Auk, iv, 1887, 349 (Morristown, New Jersey); vi, 1889, 

 304 (Englewood, New Jersey); vii, 1890, 291 (do.; song); viii, 1891, 318 

 (Myiarchusndeville, Louisiana). — Eames, Auk, v, 1888, 427 (Seymour, Connecticut, 

 6 specs.; breeding); vi, 1889, 305-310 (s. Connecticut; habits, etc.). — 

 Stone, Auk, v, 1888, 115 (Chester Co., Pennsylvania). — Bishop, Auk, vi, 

 1889, 193 (New Haven, Saybrook, and Portland, Connecticut); xi, 1894, 79 

 (North Haven, Connecticut; breeding).— Howell, Auk, ix, 1892, 306 (Park- 

 ville, Long Island).— Richmond, Auk, xii, 1895, 307 (Riverdale, Myiarchusryland). 



H[elniinthophila'] leucobronchialis? Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1882, 293. 



Helminthophaga gunnii Gibes, Daily Democrat (newspaper. Grand Rapids, Myiarchusch- 

 igan), June 1, 1879 (Ottawa Co., Myiarchuschigan).— Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, iv, 1879, 233 (crit. ; referred to S. leucobronchialis) . 



HELMINTHOPHILA PINUS (Linnffius). 

 BLUE-WINGED 'WARBIER. 



Throat usually entirely pure yellow, like rest of under parts, the 

 forehead and sides of head (mostly) also yellow; a narrow black streak 

 before and behind eye. 



Adult maZe.— Forehead and crown bright yellow (lemon or gam- 

 boge); occiput, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 bright olive-green, more yellowish on rump, the upper tail-coverts 

 tinged with gray; wing-coverts and tertials gray, the middle and 




456 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



greater coverts usually more or less broadly tipped with white, form- 

 ing two bands; ^ secondaries and primaries dusky edged with gray, 

 their inner webs broadly edged with white; tail gray, the three outer- 

 most rectrices with inner webs extensively white, the fourth, some- 

 times even the fifth, occasionally showing a terminal white spot; lo-ffer 

 half of lores and a pointed postocular streak black; sides of head below 

 this black streak, with entire lower parts (except under tail-coverts), 

 clear lemon-yellow,' the sides and flanks slightly tinged with olive- 

 green; under tail-coverts and under wing-coverts white; bill black in 

 summer, brownish, with paler mandible, in winter; iris brown; legs 

 and feet horn brownish in dried skins; length (skins), 101.6-115.6 

 (108.2); wing, 57.7-63.2 (60.2); tail, 43.4^-48.3 (46); exposed eulmen, 

 10.4r-11.4 (10.7); tarsus, 17-18 (17.3).' 



Adult female.— SimilaiV to the male but duller in color; olive-green 

 of upper parts covering crown, sometimes the forehead also; loral and 

 postocular mark dusky grayish instead of black; gray of wing-coverts 

 and tertials usually tinged with olive-green; white wing- bars averag- 

 ing much less distinct; yellow of under parts less bright and pure; 

 length (skins), 109.2-112.5 (111.2); wing, 66.1-59.2 (57.7); tail, 45^6.5 

 (45.7); exposed eulmen, 10.4-11.4 (10.9); tarsus, 16.8-18.3 (17.3).' 



Eastern United States, breeding northward to southern Connecticut 

 (New Haven; Say brook; Portland), southeastern New York (lower 

 Hudson Valley), Pennsylvania (Chester and Delaware counties), north- 

 ern Ohio (Wayne and Warren counties), northern Indiana (Carroll and 

 Wabash counties), northern Illinois, southern Iowa (Decatur and 

 Myiarchushaska counties), eastern Nebraska (near Omaha), etc.; occasional 

 straggler to Myiarchusssachusetts (Dedham; West Roxbury; near Boston), 

 Myiarchuschigan (Myiarchusckinac Island), and Myiarchusnnesota (Fillmore County; near 

 Myiarchusnneapolis); southward in winter through eastern Mexico (including 

 Yucatan) to Guatemala (Choctum; Teleman), Nicaragua (Greytown 

 and Rio Escondido), and Colombia (Chirua, province of Santa Myiarchusrta). 

 (No Central American records except Guatemala and Nicaragua, nor 

 West Indian records except Abaco Island, Bahamas.) 



ICerthia] pinus LiNNiEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 187 (based essentially on 

 JKne Creeper, Certhia 2]mus Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., vi, 139, pi. 277, 

 upper fig. ).—Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 470. 



[^Sylvia] pimis Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 537. 



' The extent of these white wing-markings varies greatly. Sometimes they are 

 confluent, forming a large patch, as in H. chrysoptera (in which the color is yellow 

 instead of white, however) ; again they may be so nearly obsolete that only a few of 

 the greater coverts have indistinct white tips; occasionally the color is distinctly 

 yellow instead of white. (See footnote on p. 452.) 



" Some specimens, tending toward H. leucobronckialis, show white patches of greater 

 or less extent on the under parts, usually on the throat. 



' Ten specimens. 



• Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 457 



Sylvia pinm Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 44. 



[MotacUla'] pinus Turton, Syst. Nat., i., 1800, 606. 



Helminthophaga pinus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 2.54; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 180; Review Am. Birds, 1864, 174.— Sclatek and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— ScLATEE, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 28 (Guatemala).— 

 Cooes, Check List, 1873, no. 62; 2d ed., 1882, no. 98; Birds N. W., 1874, 49; 

 Birds Col. Val., 1878, 214, footnote; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 194 

 (West Chester, Pennsylvania; descr. nest and eggs). — Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. 

 Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 124, 175 (Kansas).— Teippe, Proc. Essex Inst., xv, 1873, 

 234 (Decatur and Myiarchuskaska counties, s. Iowa; breeding). — Ames, Bull. Myiarchusnn. 

 Acad. Sci., i, 1874, 56 (Myiarchusnnesota). ^Baikd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 195, pi. 11, fig. 1.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xvii, 1875, 439 (Say brook, Connecticut, breeding) ; xx, 1879, 265 (Dedham, 

 Myiarchusssachusetts; West Roxbury, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 17, 1878); 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 48 (New Haven, Connecticut, breeding).— 

 Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 170; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 79.— Deane, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 188 (West Roxbury, Myiarchusssachusetts, Myiarchusy).— 

 Langdon, Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 5 (Hamilton Co., Ohio, breeding). — Bick- 

 nell, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 130 (Riverdale, New York, breed- 

 ing).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 123 (Hidalgo, Texas, Myiarchusy, 

 1 spec.).— Rhoads, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 234 (Chester and Dela- 

 ware counties, Pennsylvania, breeding). — Rathbun, Revised List Birds 

 Centr. N. Y., 1879, 10 (Pen Yan, New York, 1 spec.).— Salvin and God- 

 man Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 115 (Choctum and Teleman, Guatemala, 

 etc.). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 440 (Yucatan). 



IHelminihophaga] pinus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. — Sclater and Sal- 

 vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 



H\elminthophaga\ pimis Ridgway', Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis) . 



IMniotilta] pinus Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3455. 



Helminthophila pinus Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 53; Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 126; Auk, viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco I., Bahamas, Apr. 9, 1 

 spec). — Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 210 (song). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 237, 639. — American Ornithologists^ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 641.— Butler, Bull. Brookv. Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 34 (Franklin Co., 

 Indiana, common summer resid.). — Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H.,i, 1886, 

 256 (Dedham, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec. West Roxbury, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 

 spec. Myiarchusy 17, 1878).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 240 (Myiarchusssis- 

 sippi Valley localities and dates) .—Bishop, Auk, vi, 1889, 192 (coast of Con- 

 necticut, common). — Evermann, Auk, vi, 1889, 27 (Carroll Co., Indiana, 

 breeding).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 17 (Key West, Florida, Aug. 30, 1 spec), 

 313 (Garden Key, Tortugas, Myiarchusr. 23-25).— Roberts, Auk, vii, 1890, 214 

 (near Myiarchusnneapolis, Myiarchusnnesota, Myiarchusy 17; Fillmore Co., Myiarchusnnesota, Aug. 28) .— 

 Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 397 (Beaver Co., Pennsylvania, Myiarchusy 2, 1 spec).— 

 Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 540 (e. Kansas, summer resid.).— Smith (R. W. ), 

 Journ. Cine Soc. N. H., 1891, 123 (Warren Co., Ohio, breeding).— Corv, 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117, 155 (Abaco I., Bahamas).— Richmond, Proc. 

 TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 483 (Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua. 

 Jan., Feb.).— Sage, Auk, x, 1893, 208 (Portland, Connecticut, rare sum. 

 resid.).— (?) White, Auk, x, 1893, 227 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan, July 1).— 

 Uleey and Wallace, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1895, 156 (Wabash Co., Indiana, 

 breeding).— Oberholsee, Bull. Ohio Agric Ex. Sta., tech. ser., i, 1896, 323 

 (Wayne Co., n.e. Ohio, rare summer resid.).— Hadley, Proc Ind. Ac Sci., 

 1897, 190 (Wayne Co., Indiana, migrant).— Br ackbtt. Auk, xv, 1898, 59 




458 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(near Boston, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 15).— Rhoads, Auk, xvi, 1899, 312 



(Beaver, Laurel Ridge, etc., w. Pennsylvania).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Sec. 



Wash., xiii, 1899, 105 (Chirua, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta,, Colombia, Myiarchusr. 21).— Bbu- 



NEH, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d an. meet., 1901, 57 (near Omaha, Nebraska, 



breeding). 

 H[elminthopMla] pinus CouBS, Key N,. Am. Birds, 2d ed. , 1884, 293. — Ridqway, 



Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 486. 

 Helminthopaga pinus Geegg, Proc. Elmira Acad. Sci., 1870 (p. 8 of reprint). 

 Helmwthophaga pina Coues, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 271 (s. New England). 

 HelmintopMla pinus Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 183, pi. 11, fig. 2. 

 Sylvia solitai~ia Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 109, pi. 15, fig. 4 (e. Pennsylvania; 



coll. Peale Myiarchuss. ). — Vieillot, Enc. M6th.,ii, 1823, 450. — Bonaparte, Journ. 



Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 189; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, .1826, 87.— Nuttall, 



Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 410.— Addubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 102, 



pi. 20. 

 Vermivora solitaria Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 434 (Vera Cruz, 



Mexico). — Jaedine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 256. — Bonaparte, Geog. 



and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Exped. Zuni and 



Colorado R., 1853, 72 (Indian Territory, common, breeding). 

 Sylvicola solitaria Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 171. 

 Helinaia solitaria Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 69; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841,98, 



pL 111. 

 M[niotilta'] solitaria Geay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 \_IIelmilheros'] soKJana Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 

 Helmitheros solitarius Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera 



Cruz). 

 H\elminthophaga'\ solitaria Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20, footnote. 



HELMINTHOPHILA BACHMANI (Audubon). 

 BAGHHAN'S WARBLER. 



Admit male. — ^Forehead, orbital ring, malar region, chin (sometimes 

 upper throat also), breast, and abdomen yellow (gamboge); anterior 

 portion of crown black, the feathers (except sometimes the more 

 anterior ones) margined with gray; posterior portion of crown, occi- 

 put, and hindneck plain mouse gray; back, scapulars, and rump plain 

 olive-green, the last more yellowish; upper tail-coverts grayish olive- 

 green; anterior portion of lesser wing-covei't area clear gamboge 

 yellow, the posterior portion, together with middle coverts, plain olive- 

 green (concealed portion of feathers darker); greater coverts and ter- 

 tials grayish olive-green; secondaries and primaries duskj' grayish 

 edged with grayish olive-green, the longer primaries edged with pale 

 gray; tail dull gray, usually tinged with olive-green, the three to four 

 outer rectrices with a large subterminal patch of white on inner web; 

 auricular region olive-green, more or less tinged with gray posteriorly; 

 chest, together with more or less of throat, black, this sometimes 

 broken with yellow tips to feathers; flanks pale smoky grayish; longer 

 under tail-coverts white, the shorter ones pale j^ellow; maxilla brown- 

 ish black, the mandible slightly paler (decidedly so in winter); iris 

 brown; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 459 



106.7-116.8 (110.7); wing, 56.6-61.5 (58.9); tail, 42.7-46.7 (4-4.2); 

 exposed culmen, 11.2-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 17-17.5 (17.3).' 



Immature male in first autumn. — Similar to the adult male, but 

 crown entirely gray. 



AdnjUt female. — Myiarchusch duller than the male, and without black on 

 crown, throat, or chest; yellow of forehead indistinct, not sharply 

 separated from gray of crown; olive-green of back, etc., more grayish; 

 chest and sides of breast strongly shaded with gray; length (skins), 

 106.7-110.5 (109.2); wing, 67.9-59.7 (58.7); tail, 43.7-45 (44.4); exposed 

 cuhnen, 10.9-11.9 (11.4); tarsus, 17-17.3 (17.3).^ 



A astro riparian district (humid division of Lower Austral life-zone) 

 of eastern United States; north to southeastern Virginia (Ayletts, 

 King William County), southern Indiana (Knox and Decatur coun- 

 ties — accidental in last?), and southeastern Myiarchusssouri (Dunklin County); 

 Cuba in winter. 



Sylria bachmani Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 483, pi. 183 (Charleston, South 

 Carolina; type in coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ). 



Sylvicola bachmani Eichakdson, Eep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1887), 172. 



Vermivora bachmani Bonapaete, Geog. and Comp. List., 1838, 21. 



Helinaia bachmanii Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 68; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 93, 

 pi. 108.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba) .— Lemeeye, 

 Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 36, pi. 6, fig. 1. 



M[niotilta] bachmani Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilta'] bachmani Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3460. 



[Helmiiheros] bachmani Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Helminthophaga bachmani Gundlaoh, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 475 (Cuba); 1861, 

 326, 409 (do.); 1874, 411 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 322 (do.),— 

 Baird, Eep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 255; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 

 182; Review Am. Birds, 1864, 175.— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 64; 2d ed., 

 1882, no. 103; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 214, footnote.— Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 194, pi. 11, fig. 3.— Ridgway, Ibis, 

 1876, 170; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 78.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 

 7.— Myiarchusynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1882, 510. 



[Helminthophaga'] bachmanii Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. 



Hlelminthophagal bachmani Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). 



Helminthophila bachmani Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 53.— 

 Bailey, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 38 (South Carolina; descr. sup- 

 posed eggs).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 28 (Cuba); Birds W. 1., 1889, 42; Cat. 

 W. I. Birds, 1892, 117 (Cuba). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, no. 640.— Lawrence, Auk, iv, 1887, 35-37 (Lake Pontchartrain, 

 Louisiana), 262 (do.).— Brewster, Auk, iv, 1887, 165 (spec, of unknown 

 locality in Lafresnaye coll.); viii, 1891, 149-157 (Suwanee R., Florida; 

 habits, variations of plumage, etc.).— Meeriam, Auk, iv, 1887, 262 (Som- 

 brero Key, Florida, Myiarchusr., 21).— Scott, Auk, iv, 1887, 348 (Key West, Flor- 

 ida) ; V, 1888, 428 (do., July 26); vii, 1890, 313 (Garden Key, Tortugaa, 

 Florida, Myiarchusr. 26 and Apr. 9).- -Galbraith, Auk, v, 1888, 323 (Lake Pont- 

 chartrain, Myiarchusr.).— Chapman, Auk, vi, 1889, 278 (Oak Lodge, Brevard Co., 

 Florida, Myiarchusr. 21).— Palmer (W. ), Auk, xi, 1894, 333 (Ayletts, King William 

 Co., Virginia, Aug.) .-Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 367 (WacissaR., n. w. Florida, 



' Eight specimens. ' Three specimens. 




460 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



migrant).— WiDMANN, Auk, xiii, 1896, 264 (Greene Co., Arkansas, Myiarchusy 

 7_9)._BEyBR, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 111 (Louisiana).— 

 BuTLEE, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1899 (1900), 151 (near Greensburg, Decatur Co., 

 Indiana, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 2, 1899). 



HielmimhopUla] hachmani Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294.— Eidg- 

 WAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 487. 



HelminthopUla bachmanii Ridgway, Auk, xiv, 1897, 309 (Dunklin Co., s. e. Myiarchuss- 

 souri; desor. nest and eggs).— Wayne, Auk, xviii, 1901, 274 (Mount Pleas- 

 ant, South Carolina, Myiarchusy 15). 



HelminthopUla bachmanni Shaepb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 239. 



HELMINTHOPHILA PEREGRINA (Wilson). 

 TENNESSEE WARBLER. 



Adult Tnale. — Pileum and hindneck plain gray (intermediate between 

 mouse gray and slate-gray); rest of upper parts plain olive-green, 

 brightest on rump; remiges dusky, the secondaries edged with olive- 

 green, the primaries with pale gray (edge of outermost primary white); 

 tail dull gray, the outer webs of rectrices edged with olive-green, the 

 inner webs edged with white, that of outermost rectrix usually with a 

 white terminal spot of greater or less extent; lores and short super- 

 ciliary streak white, the former with a dusky wedge-shaped streak in 

 front of eye; a more or less distinct, but small, postocular streak of 

 dusky; auricular region grayish; suborbital region, malar region, and 

 under parts white, the sides and ilanks shaded with gray; under wing- 

 coverts and axillars white; maxilla brownish black, mandible slightly 

 paler; iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 102.9-119.4 (112.6); wing, 62.5-67.8 (64.5); tail, 41-46 (42.4); 

 exposed culmen, 9.4-9.9 (9.6); tarsus, 15.5-17.8 (16.8).' 



[Adult males in winter do not differ essentially from breeding birds, 

 but have the gray of pileum, hindneck, sides, and flanks slightly tinged 

 with olive-green, white of under parts slighth' tinged with yellow, and 

 basal half of mandible distinctly light colored. Some spring males 

 (probably younger birds), however, are like winter specimens in all 

 these respects.] 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male in coloration, but with 

 gray of pileum and hindneck never so pure, being usually more or less 

 tinged with olive-green, and with superciliary streak and under parts 

 more or less tinged with yellow; length (skins), 106.7-119.4 (109.7); 

 wing, 58.4-61 (59.4); tail, 39.1-42.4 (41.1); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 

 (9.6); tarsus, 15.7-17.3 (16.3).' 



Young male in first autumn. — Above plain olive-green, including 

 pileum and hindneck; superciliary streak, eyelids, sides of head, chin, 

 throat, chest, sides, and flanks pale yellowish olive-green; abdomen, 

 anal region, under tail-coverts and under wing-coverts white. 



Young female in first OMtum/n. — Similar to the young autumnal 



^ Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOKa'H AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 461 



male, but superciliary streak, sides of head, throat, chest, sides, and 

 flanks bright olive-yellow. 



Eastern North America, breeding from northeastern New York 

 (Lewis County), Myiarchusssachusetts (Graylock Mountain, at 3,000 feet; 

 Springfield), Province of Quebec (Point de Monts), western Ontario 

 (north shore of Lake Superior), Myiarchusnitoba, eastern Colorado (Colorado 

 Springs), etc. , northward to Slave Lake district (Fort Eae; Fort Simp- 

 son; Fort Resolution), Alaska (Caribou Crossing), and eastern British 

 Columbia (Caribou); southward in winter over more southern United 

 States (east of Rocky Mountains) to Cuba and Grand Cayman (Baha- 

 mas also?), and through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colom- 

 bia and Venezuela; accidental in southern California (Pasadena, Los 

 Angeles County, September). 



.Sylvia peregrina Wilson, Am. Orn., iv, 1811, 83, pi. 25, fig. 2. — Bonaparte, Journ. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 196; Ann. Lye. N. Y.,. ii, 1826, 87, 439.— 

 NuTPALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 412. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 

 1834, 307, pi. 154. 



Sylrkola {Vermivora) peregrina Swaihson and Richahd.son, Fauna Bor.-Am.,ii, 

 1831, 221. 



Vermivora peregrina Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, pi. 42, 

 lower fig. — Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 372. — Bonaparte, 

 Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d 

 ed., i, 1840, 469. 



Sylvicola peregrina Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 171. 



Helinaia peregrina Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 68; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 96, 

 pi. 110.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 



MlniotiUal peregrina Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilta'] peregrina Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3456. 



IHehnitheros] peregrina Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Hlelminthophaga'] peregrina Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Heiu., i, 1850, 20; Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1861, 85 (Costa Rica).— Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 169 (diagnosis). 



Helminthophaga peregrina Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858,258; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 185; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 178.— Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 373 (Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862,29 ( Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz; Lanquin, Vera Paz, Guatemala). — Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 31 

 (Coban, Guatemala) .—Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.) ; 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras) ; 1879, 494 

 (Concordia, prov, Antioquia, Colombia).— Gundlach, Journ. furOrn.,1861, 

 326 (Cuba); 1862, 177 (do.); 1872, 412; Report. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 1,1865,232 

 (Cuba).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Lion Hill, Panama 

 R. R.); viii, 1865, 174 (David, Chiriqui) ; ix, 1868, 94 (San Jos^ and Grecia, 

 Costa Rica).— Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Saskatchewan); 1863, 62 (interior 

 British North America).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 135 (David, 

 Chiriqui); 1870, 182 (Calovevora, Veragua, and Volcan de Chiriqui), 836 

 (Honduras)— Frantzu-s, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (Dotamts., Costa Rica).— 

 Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 322 (Herradura, Colombia).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 

 69; 2d ed., 1882, no. 109; Birds N. W., 1874, 53; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 230.— 

 Hbrrick, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 30 (Grand Menan) .—Ridgway, Bull. 

 Essei Inst., v, 1873, 180 (El Paso Co., Colorado); Ibis, 1876, 171; Nom. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1881, no. 87.— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 205, pi. 11, figs. 10,11; iii, 1874, 504 (El Paso Co., Colorado, 




462 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Sept.).— Bbewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (n. New England, 

 breeding).— Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efi- 

 genia, Oaxaca, Dec, Jan.). — Boucakd, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 

 San Jos6, Costa Eica, Jan., Myiarchusr.). — Mehriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 

 1878, 53 (Lewis Co., New York, Myiarchusy); vi, 1881, 227 (Lewis Co., New York, 

 breeding) ; vii, 1882, 234 (Point de Monts, prov. Quebec, breeding). — Myiarchusnot, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 226 (Boulder, Colorado, Myiarchusy 31).— Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Ibis, 1880, 117 (Myiarchusnca, Colombia, 2,000 feet alt. ) ; Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1880, 117. 



IHelminthophaga] peregrina Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95. — Sclatek and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 7 (Cuba). 



Helminlhophila peregrina Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54; Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 130.— Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 370 (Anti- 

 costil., July 1).— Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 237 (Fort Bay, 

 Labrador).— Shahpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 239, 639 (Bogota, Myiarchusnca, 

 and Concordia, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela, Fort Simpson, Arctic Am., 

 etc.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 28 (Cuba; Bahamas?); Birds W. I., 1889, 42; 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117 (Cuba; Grand Cayman). — American Ornithol- 

 ogists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 647.— Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom 

 Green Co., Texas, fall migr.).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 243 

 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities and dates); Bull. 44, Col. Agr. Coll., 1898, 168 

 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, breeding). — Faxon, Auk, vi, 1889, 102 (Gray- 

 lock Mt., Myiarchusssachussetts, breeding at 3,000 ft.). — Butcher, Auk, vi, 1889, 

 138 (Long I., New York, Sept.).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Punta Raasa, 

 Tarpon Springs, and Key West, Florida, migr.). — Cherrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 

 335 (San Jo8(5, Costa Rica, Sept. to Myiarchusr.) ; viii, 1891, 278 (do.).— Thompson, 

 Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 617 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding).— Nutting, Bull. 

 Labr. N. H. State Univ. Iowa, li, 1893, 277 (Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan, 

 breeding?). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484 (Eio Escon- 

 dido, Nicaragua, Oct. 24-29). — Nei-irling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 191. — 

 Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia).— 

 Grinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 (Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., 

 California, 1 spec, Sept. 27, 1897).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 

 1900, 178 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Nov. 3 to Apr. 4).— 

 Bishop, N, Am. Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 89 (Caribou Crossing, Alaska, June 

 25, 27).— NoKBis, Auk, xix, 1902, 88 (Carpenter Mt., Caribou, British Colum- 

 bia, breeding; rtescr. nest and eggs). 



H[elmmihophila] peregrina Copes, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 295. — Ridg- 

 way, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 488. 



Si/Ivia ienenssiri Bonnaterre and Vibillot, Enc Jleth., ii, 1823, 452. 



Slylvicola'] missuriensis Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, Myiarchusrch, 1858, 117 

 (Myiarchusssouri). 



HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA CELATA (Say). 

 ORANGE-CKOWNED WARBLER. 



Adult male. — Above plain grayish olive-green, beconaing brighter, 

 more yellowish olive-green, on rump and upper tail-coverts; crown 

 tawny or tawny-ochraceous, this color mostly concealed (except in 

 worn midsummer plumage) bj' grayish olive tips to the feathers; a 

 narrow superciliary stripe, eyelids, and general color of under parts 

 pale olive-yellowish, becoming paler (sometimes whitish) on lower 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



463 



portion of abdomen; auricular region, sides of neck, and sides of breast 

 light grayish olive-green, the chest (sometimes throat also) indistinctly 

 streaked with the same; an indistinct triangular spot or streak of dusky 

 in front of eye and a still less distinct short postocular streak; under 

 tail-coverts, axillars, and under wing-coverts pale yellow (intermediate 

 between straw yellow and sulphur yellow); maxilla dusky horn color, 

 mandible paler, more grayish; iris brown; legs and feet brownish horn 

 color (in dried skins); length (skins), 107.9-121.9 (117.3); wing, 

 60.7-63.2 (62.2); tail, 48.8-52.6 (50); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.4 (9.6); 

 tarsus, 17.3-18.5 (17.8).' (In fall and winter the plumage softer, the 

 tawny-ochraceous crown-patch quite concealed, and the sides of head 

 more tinged with gray.) 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male in coloration, and not 

 always distinguishable (?); but usually the colors slightly duller, with 

 the tawny-ochraceous crown-patch more restricted, sometimes obso- 

 lete; length (skins), 110.5-118.1 (114.3); wing, 57.4-59.2 (58.4); tail, 

 45.2-49.3 (47.7); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 17.5-18.5 

 (17.8).'' 



Young., first plumage. — Above dull olive, or grayish olive, becom- 

 ing more olive-greenish or russet-olive, on rump and upper tail-coverts; 

 middle and greater wing-coverts tipped, more or less distinctly, with 

 paler olive or dull buffj^; throat, chest, sides of breast, sides and flanks 

 pale brownish gray, tinged with dull buffy, especially on chest; abdo- 

 men white; otherwise like adults, but without trace of tawny-ochra- 

 ceous on crown. 



[Some autumnal specimens, perhaps younger birds, have the head 

 and neck much tinged with gray, the superciliary streak and eyelids 



' Seven specimens. 



'' Five specimens. 



Specimens from the Atlantic coast district of the United States apparently average 

 rather larger than those from the Myiarchusssissippi Valley and Rocky Mountain district, 

 though the series measured are much too small to show whether such difference really 

 exists or not. There certainly are no color differences, that I can find, between the 

 two series (embracing seven specimens from the Atlantic States and many times that 

 number from western and northern localities) . Unfortunately absence of sex deter- 

 mination reduces very much the number of specimens available for measurement. 

 The averages of those measured are as follows: 




464 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



being white instead of yellowish. More rarely there is very little of 

 yellow tinge on under parts or of olive-green on upper parts, the 

 coloration being olive-grayish above and dull grayish white, obsoletely 

 streaked with pale gray anteriorly, below.] 



Alaska (except coast district from Kadiak eastward and southward) 

 and throughout Rocky Mountain district of British America and 

 United States, breeding southward to Myiarchusnitoba and high mountains 

 of New Mexico; during migration, southward to eastern and central 

 Mexico (as far as States of Vera Cruz, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, 

 etc.), and eastward over Myiarchusssissippi Valley and Gulf States to South 

 Carolina, Georgia, and Florida; occasional during migration in New 

 England and Myiarchusddle Atlantic States (numerous records), and in south- 

 ern California (Los Angeles County, September and October). 



Sylvia celata Say, Long's Exped. Rocky Mts., i, 1823, 169 (Council Bluffs, Iowa). — 

 Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., i, 1825, 45, pi. 5, fig. 2; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 

 1826, 88.— NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 413.— Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 449, pi. 178.— Peabody, Eep. Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, >,13 

 (Myiarchusssaciiusetts). — Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 153, 

 part (Columbia R. ). 



Sylvicola celata Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 171. 



Vermivora celata Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., iii, 1832, 332. — Bonaparte, 

 Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., 

 i, 1840,473.— Hoy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin). 



Helinaia celata Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 69; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 100, pi. 

 112.— Pratten, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc, i, 1855, 602 (Illinois). 



M\niotilta'\ celata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



\_MniotiUa\ celata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3457. 



[Helmitheros] cefato Bonaparte, Consp, Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Helmitheros celatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 212 (Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz). 



Helminthophaga celata Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 257, part; 

 Rep. IT. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Brownsville, Texas; 

 Tamaulipas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 184, part; Review Am. Birds, 

 1865, 163, 176, part (Fort Yukon; Fort Resolution; Fort Simpson; Georgia, 

 etc. ).— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 29 (Orizaba).— Blakiston, Ibis, 

 1862, 4 (Saskatchewan) ; v, 1863, 62 (interior British North America).— Allen, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 60 (Myiarchusssachusetts); Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 

 1871, 268 (e. Florida, winter); iii, 1872, 175 (Kansas; Utah) .— Coues, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 108 (South Carolina) ; Check List, 1873, no. 68; 

 2d ed. 1882, no. 107.— Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 

 (Orizaba, winter).— Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., i, 1869, 

 278 (Fort Yukon, etc., Alaska, breeding) .—Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 83, part.— 

 Myiarchusynard, Birds Florida, 1873, 61.— Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875,32 

 (WahsatchMts., Utah, breeding) ; Ibis, 1876, 170; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 

 86.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 94 (Concord, Myiarchusssachusetts, Oct. 

 2).— Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (Cranston, Rhode Island, 

 Dec.).— Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 46 (West Point, New York, 

 Myiarchusy 13).— Brown, Bull Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 173 (Coosada, Alabama, 

 Feb. 12 and Apr. 15).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 302 

 (Hollis, New Hampshire; Concord, Myiarchusssachusetts, Oct. 2, 1876).— Bicknell, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 61 (Riverdale, New York, Oct.).— Trottee, 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 465 



Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 235 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Myiarchusr.).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1880, 116, part (Cinco Senorea, 

 Mexico, etc.).— Nelson, Cruise "Corwin," 1881 (1883), 63 (Norton Sound 

 and interior n. Alaska); Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 200.— MyiarchusLene- 

 GAN, Cruise "Corwin," 1884, 114 (Kowak R., Alaska, breeding). 



[Helminihophaga] celataGoum, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95. — Sclatee and Salvin, 

 Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 



Helminthophaga celata, var. celata Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 202.. 



Helminthophaga celata . . . var. Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, pi. 11, figs. 5, 6. 



[Helminthophaga celata'] a. celata Cohes, Birds N.W., 1874, 52; Birds Col. Val., 

 1878, 226. 



[Helminthophaga celata.'] a. celata Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 169, 170; Orn. 40th Par- 

 allel, 1877, 429 (upper Humboldt Valley, Nevada, Sept. ; Parleys Park, Utah, 

 breeding. ) 



Helminthophaga celata celata Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 20, 1883, 323. 



Helminthophila celata Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54; Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., V, 1883, 535 (La Paz, Lower California, 1 spec, .Jan.); Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 129.— Rhoads, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 179 (Had- 

 donfield. New Jersey, 1 spec. Myiarchusr. 22). — Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 



1885, 244. — Ameeican Oenithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 646. — 

 Wayne, Auk, iii, 1886, 139 (coast of South Carolina, Nov. to Myiarchusr.) ; xii, 

 1895, 365 (Wacissa and Aucilla rivers, n. w. Florida). — Brewster, Auk, iii, 



1886, 278 (Belmont, Myiarchusssachusetts).- Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i, 1886, 

 256 (Springfield, Myiarchusssachusetts, Myiarchusy 15, 1883; Lynn, Jan. 1, 1875; Concord, 

 Oct. 2, 1876).— Green, Auk, iv, 1887, 350 (Syracuse, New York, Oct. 2).— 

 Chapman, Auk, v, 1888, 275 (Gainesville, Florida, winter). — Treat, Auk, 

 V, 1888, 323 (East Hartford, Connecticut, Myiarchusy 8) .—Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. 

 Val., 1888, 242 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities and dates). — Scott, Auk, vii, 

 1890, 18 (Key West, Florida, common Sept. 8 to Oct. 5). — Fisher, Auk. vii, 

 1890, 96 (Washington, D. C, Oct. 13).— Wintle, Auk, vii, 1890, 290 (Mon- 

 treal, Canada, Myiarchusy 21).— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 616 

 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding). — Myiarchuscfarlane, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 444 

 (Anderson R., Arctic Am., breeding). — MyiarchusCormick, Auk, ix, 1892, 397 

 (Oberlin, Ohio, Myiarchusy 11).— Howell, Auk, x, 1893, 90 (Flatbush, Long 

 Island, Oct. 12).— Loomis, Auk, x, 1893, 154 (South Carolina).— Jouy, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 777 (Soledad, San Luis Potosi).— MyiarchusIlwraith, 

 Birds Ontario, 1894, 357 (Hamilton, Myiarchusy 11, 1886; London; Myiarchuslton).— 

 Beyee, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 112 (Louisiana, common 

 winter resid.) .— Swarth, Condor, iii, 1901, 145 (Los Angeles, California, 

 Sept. 28 and Oct. 14, 1891). 



HlelminthophUa] celata Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 295.— Ridgway, 



Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 488. 

 Helmintophila celata Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc, i, 1893, 191. 

 [Helminthophaga celata.] var. obscura Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway' s 



Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 192, pi. 11, fig. 6 (Enterprise, Florida; coll. U. S. 



Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 Helminthophila celata obscura Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, July, 1883, 



157 (Georgia and Florida in winter; crit.). 

 [Helminthophila celata.] Subsp. a. Helminthophila obscura Shaepe, Cat. Birds 



Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 246. 



3654— VOL 2—01 30 




466 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA LUTESCENS Ridgway. 

 LUTESCENT WARBIER. 



Similar to H. o. celata, but muuh more brightly colored, the upper 

 parts bright olive-green, the under parts distinctly yellow (bright 

 olive-yellow to nearly gamboge); young very different from that of 

 JI. c. celata. 



Young In first plumage. — Above plain olive-green, the middle and 

 greater wing-coverts more or less distinctly tipped with paler or with 

 buffy; under parts buffy olive-yellow or straw yellow, more or less 

 strongly shaded with olive on chest, sides, and flanks (often on throat 

 also). 



Adult 77zafe.— Length (skins), 106.7-113 (109.7); wing, 58.2-61.2 

 (59.9); tail, ■±1.7-4:9 (47); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.6 (9.4); tarsus, 17.5- 

 18.3 (18).^ 



Adult femuIe.—ljeTigth (skins), 101.6-111.8 (108.4); wing, 56.9-61 

 (58.9); tail, 45.7-47 (46.2); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.2 (10); tarsus, 

 17.3-17.8 (17.5).^ 



Breeding in Pacific coast district, from mountains of southern Cali- 

 fornia (Los Angeles Co.) to island of Kadiak and shores of Cook Inlet, 

 Alaska, and eastward to Ruby Mountains, Nevada; eastward and south- 

 ward during migration to Montana (Columbia Falls), Wyoming (Fort 

 Bridger), Colorado, Arizona, and Cape St. Lucas, and through western 

 Mexico to Guatemala (Chimay). 



Sylvia celata (not of Say, 1823) Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 

 153, part (Columbia R.). 



Sylvicola celata (not of Richardson, 1837) Finsoh, Abh. Nat.- Bremen, iii, 1872, 

 36 (Si tlia, Alaska). 



Vermivora celata (not of Bonaparte, 1838) Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 

 1846, 155 (California); Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 17 (California). 



Helinaia celata (not of Audubon) Heekmann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1853, 

 263 (California, abundant). 



Helminthophaga celata Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 257, part (speci- 

 mens from Oregon and California); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 184, part; 

 Review Am. Birds, 1865, 176, part (San Jos6, Lower California).— Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,-1858, 298 (LaParada, Oaxaca) ; 1859, 235 (Vancouver 

 I.), 373 (Oaxaca); 1862, 19 (La Parada).— Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., xi, 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).— Coopek and Suckley, Eep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 178 (Fort Steilacoom and Dalles, Ore- 

 gon).— Lord, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst. Woolw. , iv, 1864, 115 (British Columbia).— 

 Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.).— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 83, part- 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 116, part (Chimay, 

 Guatemala) . 



Helminthophaga celata . . . var. Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, pi. 11, fig. 4 (Cape St. Lucas). 



Hehninthophila celata Sharpe, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 640, part (Van- 

 couver I.; San Francisco and Nicasio, California; Myiarchuszatlan and Presidio, 

 Sinaloa, and La Parada, Oaxaca; Chimay, Guatemala). 



' Six specimens, ^ xhree specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 46V 



Helminthophaga celata var. lutescens'RinawAY, Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts., 3d ser., 

 iv, Dec, 1872, 457 (type from Kadiak, Alaska; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ); Am. 

 Nat, vii, Oct., 1873, 5 (description; Kadiak, Alaska; coll. U.S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 204, pi. 11, fig. 

 4.— Bendire, Proc. Boat. Soc. N. H., 1877, 113 (descr. eggs). 



[Helminthophaga celata] h. lutescens Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 52; Birds Col. Val., 

 1878, 227. 



Helminthophaga celata . . . var. lutescens Coues, Check List, 1873, 125 (Appen- 

 dix), no. 68a. 



Helminthophaga celata lutescens Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, Jan., 1875, 19 

 (West Humboldt Mts., Nevada), 22 (East Humboldt Mts.); Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 86a.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 34 (descr. 

 young). — Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 108. — Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. 

 Coll. Alaska, 1887, 201. 



H[elminthophaga'] celata lutescens Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 22 (East 

 Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept.). 



[Helminthophaga celata.] /3. lutescens Ridgway-, Ibis, Apr., 1876, 169, 171; Orn. 

 40th Parallel, 1877, 429 (West Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept.; East Hum- 

 boldt Mts., Sept.). 



Helminthophaga celata, /3. lutescens Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, Apr., 

 1878, 65 (Calaveras Co., California, resident); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 

 404 (centr. California). 



Helminthophila celata lutescens Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Apr., 1882, 

 85 (Tucson, Arizona, Apr. 26).— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 

 347 (Victoria Mts., Lower California) , 526 (La Paz, Lower California) ; Land 

 Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 206, part (breeding at Santa Cruz and Orema, 

 Santa Cruz Co., California; also at Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda Springs, 

 Haywards, andSebastopol). — Anthony, Auk, iii, 1886, 170 (Washington Co., 

 Oregon, breeding; habits). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check LisT, 

 1886, no. 646a.— Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, fall 

 migrant). — Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii,1890, 137 (Cape St. Lucas, 

 Lower California, Apr. 7). — Lawrence (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 46 {Grays 

 Harbor, AVashington, breeding). — Anthony, Auk, xii, 1895, 142 (San Fer- 

 nando, Lower California, Apr. and early Myiarchusy) .— Grinnell, Auk, xv, 1898, 

 129 (Sitka, Alaska, breeding); Pub., ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci.. 1898, 44 (Los 

 Angeles Co., California, breeding in mountains up to 6,000 ft.). — Merrill, 

 Auk, XV, 1898, 18 (Fort Sherman, Idaho, Myiarchusy).— Kobbe, Auk, xvii, 1900, 356 

 (Cape Disappointment, Washington, breeding) .—Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, 

 no. 21, 1901, 79 (Fort Kenai, Alaska, Myiarchusy).— Myiarchusillard, Condor, iii, 1901, 

 126 (San Benito Co., California, breeding). 



H[elminthophila] celaia lutescens Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 489. 



H[elminlhophila] c[elata] lutescens Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 295. 



Helminthophila lutescens Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i. Myiarchusr. 20, 1879, 391 

 (Calaveras Co., California).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 246. 



HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA SORDIDA Townsend. 

 DUSKY WARBLER. 



Similar to IT. celata lutescens, but decidedly darker; bill and feet 

 larger, wing shorter, and tail longer. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 110.5-119.4 (116.8); wing, 57.7-59.9 

 (59.2); tail, 49.3-50 (49.8); exposed culmen, 10.6-11.9 (11.4); tarsus, 

 18-18.8 (18.3).^ 



' Five specimens. 




468 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult female.—hQngih (skins), 116.8-119.4 (118.1); wing, 56.6- 

 57.4(56.9); tail, 49-50 (49.5); exposed culmen, 10.4; tarsus, 18.6-18.8.' 



Santa Barbara Islands, California (San Clemente, Santa Cruz, Santa 

 Rosa, and Santa Catalina islands) ; occasional on mainland (Pasadena, 

 Los Angeles County, February and August). 



HelminthophUa celata Mescens (not of Ridgway) Blake, Auk, iv, 1887, 330 (Santa 

 Cruz I., California). — Beldinq, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 206, part 

 (Santa Cruz I., breeding). 



HelminthophUa celata sordida Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, no. 799, Sept. 

 9, 1890, 139 (San Clemente I., California; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.), 141 (Santa 

 Cruz and Santa Rosa islands). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 6466.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 607.— 

 Grinnell, Rep. Birds Santa Barbara Is., etc., 1897, 20 (San Clemente I.); 

 Pub., ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 44 (Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., California, 

 middle of July to Feb. 29); Auk, xv, 1898, 236 (Santa Catalina I., Dec). 



HELMINTHOPHILA RUBRICAPILLA RUBRICAPILLA (Wilson). 

 NASHVILIE WARBLER, 



AdvU male. — Pileum, hindneck, auricular region and sides of neck 

 plain gray; crown chestnut, the feathers tipped with gray; rest of 

 upper parts plain olive-green, brightest on rump and upper tail-coverts; 

 lores pale grayish or grayish white; a conspicuous white orbital ring; 

 malar region and under parts bright gamboge yellow, becoming white 

 on lower abdomen and anal region, tinged with olive on sides and flanks, 

 especially the latter; maxilla brownish black, mandible paler, more 

 grayish brown (in dried skins); iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in 

 dried skins); length (skins), 102.9-116.8 (106.9); wing, 56.4-61 (59.2); 

 tail, 41.7-45.7 (43.9); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.6 (9.5); tarsus, 16.8-17.3 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but duller in color, and 

 with little, if any, chestnut on crown; length (skins), 97.8-105.4 (102.9); 

 wing, 54.6-58.9 (56.6); tail, 40.1-43.7 (41.4); exposed culmen, 9.1-9.6 

 (9.4); tarsus, 16.S-17.8 (17.3).= 



YouiKj In fir »t autumn. — Myiarchusch duller in color than adults; gray of 

 head and neck replaced by brownish gray or grayish brown; olive- 

 green of back duller; yellow of under parts duller, becoming brownish 

 white on chin and malar region. 



Eastern North America, breeding from Myiarchusssachusetts, Connecticut, 

 northern New Jersey (Englewood), Pennsylvania (Dingmans Ferry, 

 Pike County), northern Illinois, Nebraska (Nebraska City), etc., north- 

 ward to Grand Menan and the Great Slave Lake district; southward in 

 migration over more southern United States (east of Rocky Moun- 

 tains) through eastern Mexico to Guatemala; accidental in southern 

 Greenland (two records: Gothaab, about 1835, and Fiskensesset, Aug. 

 31, 1840). 



> Two specimens, ^ r^^.^ specimen?, » gix specimeH9. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 469 



Sylvia rwfkapilla (not of Latham, 1790) Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 120, pL 27, 

 flg. 3. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197. — Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 450, pL 89. 

 M[niotiUa] ruficapilla Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [MnwtUta] ruficapilla Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3456. 

 Helminthophaga ruficapilla Baird, Rep. Pacific E. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 256; Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 183, part; Review xVm. Birds, 1865, 175, part.— 

 (?)Sclater, Proc. Zool. See. Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 

 373 (Oaxaca, Feb.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 29.— Blakiston, Ibis, 1863,62 

 (Great Slave Lake). — Allen, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 59 (Myiarchusssachusetts, 

 breeding); Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, Myiarchusr.); iii, 1872, 

 175, part (Kansas). — (?)Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477 (San Antonio, Texas). — 

 MyiarchusIlwkaith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 85 (Hamilton, Ontario). — Sumi- 

 CHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, winter). — 

 Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 67, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 106, part; Birds 

 N. W., 1874, 50, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 224, part.— Herrick, Bull, 

 Essex Inst., v, 1873, 30 (Grand Menan). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 196, part, pi. 11, fig. 7.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (New England, summer resid. ). — Newton, Myiarchusn. N. 

 H. Greenland, 1875, 99 (Gothaab, 1835, and Fiskena;sset, Aug. 31, 1840).— 

 (?)Lawrencb, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, 

 Dec, Jan.). — Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 170, part; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 

 85, part.— Sennbtt, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 12 

 (near Hidalgo, Texas); v, 1879, 386 (Lometa, Texas, Apr. 11 to 26).— 

 Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 123 (Fort Brown, Texas, Apr.).— 

 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 187 8, 57 (descr. young). — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 115, part.— (?) Salvin, Cat. Strick- 

 land Coll., 1882, 89 (Guatemala). 



[Hdminthophaga'] ruficapilla Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95.— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 8. 



H[elmwthophaga'\ ruficapilla Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). 



[Helminthophaga rwfkapilla'] var. ruficapilla Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191, in text. 



HdminthophUa ruficapilla Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54; Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 128.— Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 370 (Gaspg 

 Bay, Gulf St. Lawrence, July 15).— Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 211 (song).— 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 242, 640, part.— Ralph, Trans. Oneida 

 Hist. Soc, iii, 1886, 137 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).— American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 645.— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 

 1888, 241 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities and dates; breeding from n. Illinois 

 and Nebraska northward).— Chapman, Auk, vi, 1889, 198, 304 (Englewood, 

 New Jersey, breeding).— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 616 

 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding).— White, Auk, x, 1893, 227 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan, 

 rare summer resid. ).—CoNGDON, Auk, xii, 1895, 190 (Dingmans Ferry, Pike 

 Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Brunbr, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d an. meet., 

 1901, 57 (Nebraska City, Nebraska, breeding). 



H[elminthophila rufi.capilla'] Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294.— Ridg- 

 way, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 489. 



JSelmintophila ruficapilla Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 189. 



Sylvia rubricapilla Wilson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 15 (index).— Bonaparte, Joum. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 7.— Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 450, pi. 89.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 

 1832, 412. 



Sylvia ( Venmvora) rubricapilla Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 

 1831, 220. 




41*0 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Vermivora rubricapUla Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, pi. 

 42, upper fig.— Jakdine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 407.— Bonaparte, 

 Geog. and Comp. List, 1888, 21.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d 

 ed., i, 1840, 472.— Keinhardt, , Vid. Med. Nat. Forh., 1854, 82 (Green- 

 land).— Brewer, Proc. Bost., Soc., vi, 1856, 4 (descr. nest and eggs). 



Sylvicola rubricapUla Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 171. 



Helinaia rubricapUla Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 70; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 

 103, pi. 113. 



IHelmitheros] rubricapUla Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Helmitheros riibrica-pillus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, 

 Vera Cruz) . 



Hlelminihophaga'] rubricapUla Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20.— Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



Mniotilta rubricapUla Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (Gotthaab and Fiakenaesset, 

 Greenland, 2 specimens). 



JSelminihophila rubricapUla Faxon, Auk, xiii, July 1896, 263.— American Orni- 

 thologists' Union Committee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 130. 



Sylvia Imcogastra Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 622 (based on Sylvia 

 ruficapilla Wilson). 



Syliria naahvillei Bonnaterre and Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 451. 



[Helminthoplmga ruficapUla.'] var. ocularis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- 

 way's Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191 (Chicago, Illinois; coll. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss.). 



HELMINTHOPHILA RUBRICAPILLA GUTTURALIS (Ridgway). 

 CALAVERAS ■WABBIER. 



Similar to II. r. ruhricapilla, but olive-green of rump and upper 

 tail-coverts brighter, more yellowish, yellow oi under parts brighter, 

 lower abdomen more extensively whitish, and greater wing-coverts 

 lighter, more yellowish olive-green.^ 



Adult mafe.— Length (skins), 102.9-120.6 (113.3); wing, 58.9-62.5 

 (60.2); tail, 43.2-47.7 (45.5); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 (9.6); tarsus, 

 16.5-17.3 (16.8).* 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 97.8-104.1 (102.1); wing, 53.8-65.6 

 (54.6); tail, 38.9-41.1 (40.4); exposed culmen, 8.6-9.6 (9.1); tarsus, 

 16.3-17 (16.5).' 



Western United States, breeding on high mountains, from the 

 Sierra Nevada (Calaveras Co., California) to British Columbia (Vernon, 

 Nelson, Okanogan district, etc.), eastward to eastern Oregon (Fort 

 Klamath), northern Idaho (Fort Sherman), etc.; southward during 

 migration to extremity of Lower California, and over western and 

 northern Mexico, and southeastward to Texas (San Antonio; Tom 

 Green County; Concho County). 



'In many specimens one or more of the characters given above fail of verification, 

 but m no case, so far as the material examined indicates, do they all fail. 

 ^ Six specimens. 

 'Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 47 1 



Helminthophaga ruficapilla (not Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson) Baird, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 923 (FortTejon, California); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 183, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 175, part. — Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1859, 141 (Fort Tejon).— (?) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 373 (Oaxaca); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 29.— (?) Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477 (San Antonio, Texas).— Cooper, Orn Cal., 

 1870, 82.— Ajllen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175, part (Utah).— 

 Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 67, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 106, part; Birds N.W., 

 1874, 50, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 224, part.— Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 

 V, 1873, 177 (Colorado; Utah; Nevada); vii, 1875, 21 (e. Humboldt Mts.] 

 Nevada); Ibis, 1876, 170, part; Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 427 (East Hum- 

 boldt Mts., Sept.); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 65 (Calaveras Co., Cali- 

 fornia, breeding); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 85 part. — Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191, part, pi. 11, fig. 8. — Henshaw 

 Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 41; Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875^ 

 188 (Camp Crittenden, Arizona, Aug. 27 to Sept. 1) . — Nelson, Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (California).— (?) Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Dec, Jan.). — Beldjng, Proc. 

 U.S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 404 (Calaveras Co., California, breeding). — Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 115, part. 

 [Helminihophaga] ruficapilla Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95, part. — Sclater 



and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. 

 II[elminthophaga'] ruficapilla Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168, part. 

 HelminthophUa ruficapilla Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 242, 640, part 



(Presidio, near Myiarchuszatlan; Ciudad Durango). 

 Helminthophaga ruficapilla . . var. Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N.Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, pi. 11, fig. 8 (California). 

 [Helminthophaga ruficapilla.'] var. gutturalis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ridgway's Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191, in text (East Humboldt Mts., 

 Nevada; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 HelminthophUa ruficapilla gutturalis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 

 1885, 352.— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 645a.— 

 TowNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 223 (Baird and Castle Lake, 

 n. Calif6rnia, breeding).— Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 295 (Tom Green and Concho 

 counties, w. Texas, migr.).— Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 33 (Cataliua Mts., Arizona, 

 Sept.).— Merrill, Auk, v, 1888, 360 (Fort Klamath, e. Oregon, breeding).- 

 Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 340 (San Antonio, Texas, migr.).— Rhoads, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 54 (Nelson and Vernon, e. British Columbia). 

 HelminthophUa rubricapilla gutturalis Faxon, Auk, xiii, July, 1896, 264, in text.— 

 American Ornithologists' Union Committee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 131.— Mer- 

 rill, Auk, XV, 1898, 18 (Fort Sherman, Idaho, breeding).— Brooks, Auk, 

 xvii, 1900, 107 (Okanogan district, British Columbia). 



HELMINTHOPHILA VIRGINIiE (Baird). 

 VIRGINIA'S WARBLER. 



Adndt male in spring and swrnTOer.— Upper parts plain smoke gray, 

 the rump and upper tail-coverts bright yellowish olive-green or olive- 

 yellow; crown chestnut, the feathers tipped with gray (except in worn 

 plumage); a conspicuous white .orbital ring; sides of head rather paler 

 gray than upper parts, fading into grayish white on malar region and 

 lores; chest and (usually) throat clear lemon yellow (usually paler 




472 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEDM. 



anteriorly); under tail-coverts lemon yellow; under wing-coverts and 

 axillars dull white; rest of under parts dull white medially shading 

 into pale smoke gray laterally; maxilla dusky horn color with paler 

 tomia; mandible paler horn color (more bluish in life); iris brown; 

 legs and feet dusky horn color in dried skins. 



Admit male in omPamn and wm^er.— Similar to the summer male 

 but strongly tinged with brown above and on flanks, yellow of chest 

 duller, and chestnut crown-patch concealed by very broad brownish 

 gray tips to the feathers. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Similar in coloration to the 

 adult male but colors duller, especially the yellowish olive-green of 

 rump and upper tail-coverts; chestnut crown-patch usually more 

 restricted, sometimes nearly obsolete; gray of back, etc., browner; 

 yellow of chest paler and never (?) extended over throat; that of the 

 under tail-coverts also paler. 



Young (^i) female in first autumn.^— ^imiX&v to the adult female, but 

 under parts pale buffy or buflty whitish medially, the chest only very 

 faintly, if at all, tinged with yellow. 



Toung in first plumage.— MyiarchusAAle, and greater wing-coverts tipped 

 with pale dull buffy, forming two rather distinct bars; chin, throat, 

 chest, and sides of brea.st pale brownish-gray, the sides and flanks sim- 

 ilar, but still paler; median portion of breast and abdomen white; 

 otherwise like autumnal adults or young in first autumn. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 103.6-109.2 (106.4); wing, 61-61.5 

 (61.2); exposed culmen, 8.9-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 16-17.8 (17)." 



Adult female.— IjengiXi (skins), 101.6; wing, 57.4-60.4 (58.9); tail, 

 45.5^6.7(46); exposed culmen, 9.4; tarsus, 17.3.' 



Rocky Mountain district of United States, from Colorado and 

 Wyoming to Nevada, southward through central and western Mexico 

 to States of Guanajuato and Jalisco (Bolanos); breeding in higher 

 mountains. (Southern limit of breeding range unknown.) 



lielminlhophaga virginix Baird, Cat. N. A. Birds, 1859, no. 183a [nomen nudum); 

 Birds N. Amer., 1860, Atlas, p. xi, footnote, pl. 79, fig. 1 (Fort Burgwyn, New 

 Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 177.— Conss, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Scl. Phila., xviii, 1866, 70 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 

 1873, no. 66; 2d ed. 1882, no. 105; BirdsN. W., 1874, 51; BirdsCol. Val., 1878, 

 222.— Cooper, Cm. Cal., 1870, 85 (Prescott, Arizona; Fort Burgwyn, New 

 Mexico) .—Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 196 (El Paso Co., Colorado; 

 descr. nest and eggs).— Ridqway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 172 (Salt Lake 

 City, Utah, breeding), 180 (Colorado); vii, 1875, 20 lEast Humboldt Mta., 

 Nevada), 32 (Wahsatch Mts., Utah); Ibis, 1876, 170; Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 

 428; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 84.— Baird, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Birds, i, 1874, 199, pi. 11, fig. 12; iii, 1874, 504.— Henshaw, Zool. 



'This plumage may in reality represent that of the adult female in autumn. 

 ^ Four specimens. 

 "Two specimens. 




BIKDS 01' NOETH AKD MIDDLE AMEEICA. 473 



Exped. W. lOOth Merid., 1875, 189 (White Mts., Arizona, Aug. 11; Tierra 

 Amarilla, New Mexico, Sept. 15; Navajo Creek, Colorado, Sept. 11). — Myiarchusnot, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 226 (Myiarchusnitou, Colorado; descr. song). 



[Helminthophaga] virginix Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. 



H[elminthophaga] virginix Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). 



\_MniotiUa\ virginix Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 189. 



Helmirdhophila virginix Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54. — 

 Brewsteb, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 155 (Colorado Springs, Colorado; 

 remarks on plumage). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 247, 641. — 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 644. — Scott, Auk, 

 V, 1888, 33 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, above 3,500 ft.; breeding?). 



II[elminthopMla] virginix Coubs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294, — Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 490. 



Helmintophila virginix Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 188. 



HELMINTHOPHILA CRISSALIS Salvin and Godman. 

 COLIMA WARBLEE. 



Similar to JT. virginice, but uppei* parts brown instead of gray, rump 

 " oleagineous " instead of olive-yellow, under tail-coverts oleagineous 

 chestnut instead of yellow, and under parts gray (without any yellow 

 on chest?). 



Adult female. — Above oleagineous brown, the lower back and rump 

 clear oleagineous; crown with a partly concealed patch of chestnut; 

 wings and tail fuscous; orbital ring and lores white; beneath dull ash 

 gray, the flanks more brownish, the middle of abdomen whitish, the 

 under tail-coverts clear oleagineous chestnut; under wing-coverts 

 white; bill and feet dusky hazel, the mandible paler basally; length, 

 127; wing, 63.5; tail, 53.6; bill, from point to rictus, 1-i; tarsus, 19. 

 (Free translation of original description.) 



Southwestern Mexico, in State of Colima (Sierra Nevada.) 



HelminlhophUa aisaalis Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 6th ser., i, July, 1889, 380 

 (Sierra Nevada, Colima, Mexico; cell. Salvin and Godman). 



HELMINTHOPHILA LUCI.ffi (Cooper). 

 LUCY'S WARBLEK. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Above plain mouse gray; crown 

 chestnut, the feathers more or less extensively tipped (except in worn 

 plumage) with gray; upper tail-coverts bright chestnut; lores, orbital 

 ring, and entire under parts white, tinged with pale brownish gray lat- 

 erally, and also tinged more or less strongly with bufl:, especially on 

 chest; maxilla dusky horn color with paler tomia; mandible paler, 

 more grayish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins). 



Adult malein autumn a7idwintet].—'SAm\\&v to the spring and summer 

 plumage, but above tinged with brown, the chestnut crown-patch con- 

 cealed by very broad brownish gray tips to the feathers; under parts 

 pale brownish buff, becoming white, or nearly so, on abdomen. 




4V4 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Admit fenude m spring and simnmer.— Similar to the male of corre- 

 sponding season, and not always distinguishable, but usually with the 

 chestnut crown-patch more restricted (rarely obsolete) and chestnut of 

 both crown-patch and upper tail-coverts lighter or less intense. 



Young, first j>fe?nffl^e.— Essentially like adults, but much clearer 

 white beneath; no trace of chestnut on crown; upper tail-coverts 

 ochraceous-buff instead of chestnut; middle and greater wing-coverts 

 tipped with whitish or pale buffy, producing two rather distinct bars. 



Adult mffl/e.— Length (skins), 91.4-102.9 (98.3);^ wing, 55.1-68.2 

 (56.9); tail, 41.1^13.9 (42.9); exposed culmen, 8.4-8.9 (8.4); tarsus, 

 16-16.5 (16.3).' 



Adult fe)nale.—\^Qx,g\h (skins), 91.9-95.2 (93.5);' wing, 51.6-52,8 

 (52.1); tail, 37.3-39.9 (38.6); exposed culmen, T.6-8.9 (8.4); tarsus, 

 15.5-15.7 (15.5).* 



Arizona, southwestern Utah (lower Santa Clara Valley), and south- 

 ward through Sonora and other States of western Mexico to Jalisco 

 (Bolafios; San tana). 



Helminthophaga luciic Cooper, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., July, 1862, 120 (FortMojave, 

 Arizona; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Amer. Nat., iii, 1869, 476, 479; Orn. Cal, 

 1870, 84.— Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 178.— Coues, Ibis, 1866, 260 (Fort 

 Whipple, Arizona) ; Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 493 (Tucson, Arizona; descr. sup- 

 posed nest and eggs); Check List, 1873, no. 65; 2d ed. 1882, no. 104; Birds 

 Col. Val., 1878, 219.— Elliot, lUustr. New and Unfig. N. Am. Birds, i, 1869, 

 pi. 5.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1873, 107 (descr. supposed nest 

 and eggs). — Baikd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 200, 

 pi. 11, fig. 9; iii, 1874, 504 (Tucson, Arizona, breeding). — Henshaw, Zool. 

 Exped. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 190 (Camp Lowell, Arizona).— Eidg way. 

 Ibis, 1876, 170; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 83. 



[Helminthophaga] Incise Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. 



HlelminthophagaJ luciie Ridgway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). 



IMniotilta} lucix Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3426.— Giebel, Thesaurus Om., 

 ii, 1875, 603. 



Helminlhophila luoiie Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54.— Beew- 

 STER, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 82 (Cienega Station, etc;, "Arizona; hab- 

 its, nest and eggs, descr. young, etc. ) — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Hub., x, 

 1885, 248, 641. — ^American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 643.— Fisher, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 117 (lower Santa Clara Valley, s. w. 

 Utah, breeding). 



HlelminthophUa'] luciie Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294,— Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 490. 



Helminiophila luciie Nbhrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 188. 



' Length before skinning, 109.2-114.3 (111) ; extremes and average of twelve speci- 

 mens; see Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 84, 85. 



^ Five specimens. 



'Length before skinning, 104.1-114.3 (108.7); extremes and average of thirteen 

 specimens; see Brewster, as cited above. 



* Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 475 



Genus OREOTHLYPIS Ridgway. 



OreotUypis Ridgway, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 169, in text. (Type, Compsothlypis gut- 

 iuralis Cabanis. ) 



Similar to HelminthopMla but tail relatively longer (difference 

 between length of tail and length of wing decidedly less than length 

 of tarsus), and style of coloration very different. 



Bill much shorter than head, narrowly wedge-shaped, very acute, 

 with straight culmen and gonys; moderately compressed, the maxil- 

 lary tomium without subterminal notch. Nostril longitudinally oval 

 or subcuneate, with broad superior operculum or membrane. Rictal 

 bristles obsolete. Wing rather long, with tip rather rounded (ninth 

 primary shorter than sixth, the eighth, seventh, and sixth longest and 

 nearly equal; wing-tip about equal to tarsus (in 0. siiperciliosa) or 

 shorter (in 0. gutturalis). Tail equal to distance from bend of wing 

 to tips of secondaries and slightly rounded (in 0. gutturalis) or decid- 

 edly longer and emarginate {0. superclliosa), the rectrices rather 

 narrow. Tarsus much longer than commissure, a little more than 

 one-fourth as long as wing, its scutella indistinct (sometimes fused on 

 outer side); middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; basal 

 phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length to both 

 outer and inner toes (to the outer toe for most of its length in 0. 

 superdliosa). 



Coloration.- — Grray above, with black patch on back, the throat and 

 chest orange; or gray and olive-green above with broad and conspic- 

 uous white superciliary stripe, the throat, chest, and breast yellow, 

 with a spot of chestnut on center of chest. 



Nidification unknown. 



5a«.^e.— Highlands of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Chiriqui. 

 (Two species.) 



This genus is very distinct from Compsothlypis, to which the slight 

 resemblance, chiefly of coloration in one species, is purely superficial. 

 Structurally, in the absence of rictal bristles and less amount of adhe- 

 sion between basal portion of middle and outer toes, and in the longer 

 tail, it comes much nearer to Helminthophila, from which it is to be 

 distinguished chiefly by the relatively longer tail and different style of 

 coloration. 



The two species referred to OreotUypis differ conspicuously in their 

 coloration and to a considerable extent in structural details, and may 

 possibly be wrongly associated. 0. superdliosa has the anterior toes 

 considerably more united at the base, the basal phalanx of the middle 

 toe being joined for most of its length to the outer toe and for more 

 than half its length to the inner, while in 0. gutturalis the fusion 

 extends for about half the distance of the phalanx on each side. 




476 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OEEOTHLYPIS. 



a. Above bluish gray, with a triangular patch of black on back; chin, throat, chest, 

 and upper breast cadmium orange; no white on side of head. (Highlands of 



Oosta Bica and Chiriqui. ) Oreothlypis gntturalis (p. 476) 



aa. Above olive-green, with pileum, hindneck, wings, and tail gray; chin, throat, 

 chest, and upper breast canary yellow, the chest with a central spot of chest- 

 nut; a broad white superciliary stripe. ( Highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. ) 



Oreothlypis superciliosa (p. 477) 



OREOTHLYPIS GUTTURALIS (Cabanis). 

 IRAZt WARBLER, 



Adults (sexes alike). — Above plain slate-gray, the back with a large 

 triangular patch of black; lores, suborbital region, and anterior por- 

 tion of malar region black, fading gradually into the slate-gray of the 

 malar region; chin, throat, and chest rich orange or cadmium orange 

 (varying to Indian yellow or cadmium yellow, sometimes almost flame 

 scarlet); median portion of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts 

 white; sides and flanks light gray (no. 7 or no. 8); bill blackish, with 

 lower basal portion light colored; iris brown; legs and feet (in dried 

 skins) dusky horn color. 



Young female} — Above dull plumbeous-graj'^, with a triangular 

 patch of black on the back, as in the adult; chin, throat, and chest 

 pale dingy buff, the feathers gi'ayish white beneath the surface, their 

 bases deeper grayish; rest of under parts whitish medially, grayish 

 laterally. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 106-122 (116); wing, 64-67 (65.5); 

 tail, 48-50 (48.7); exposed culmen, 10-12 (10.7); tarsus, 15-10 (17); 

 middle toe, 10-12 (10.7).' 



Adult female.^ljQngih (skins), 100-123 (111); wing, 59-64 (61.6); 

 tail, 42-48 (45), exposed culmen, 10-12 (11); tarsus, 18-19 (18.5); 

 middle toe, 11-12 (11.5).' 



High mountains of Costa Rica (Volcan de Irazu; Rancho Redondo) 

 and Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui). 



CompsotMypis gutturalis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., Sept., 1860, 329 (Irazd, Costa 



Rica; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 

 Parula gutturalis Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, 172 (Rancho Redondo, 



Costa Rica).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 93 (Irazii, Costa Rica.)— 



Frantzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 292 (Irazu, Costa Rica).— Salvin, Broc. 



Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 182 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui) .—Boucard, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (Volcan de Irazii, alt. 6,000 ft.).— Salvin and 



Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 123, pi. 8, fig. 3.— Nutting, Proc. 



U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., V, 1882, 494 (Volcan de Irazii).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit 



Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 263, 643. 

 [Parwfa] gutturalis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 



'Described from a specimen (no. 2116) in the Costa Rica National Myiarchusseum, from 

 Anchiote, Costa Rica. 

 - Four specimens. 

 " Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 477 



"P[arula] " guituralis Baird, Brbwer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 



208, ill text. 

 [Mniotilta] gntfuralis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3452. 

 Oreothlypk gutturalis Ridgway, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 169; Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 



xiv, 1891, 473 (descr. young female'!. — Zeledon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 



1885, 105; Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, 1,1887,106 (Irazii).— Chekkie, Proc. 



U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 524 (descr. young). 



OREOTHLYPIS SUPERCILIOSA (Hartlaub). 

 HARTLAUB'S WARBLER. 



Adult male. — Pileum, hindneck, sides of head, and auricular regfion 

 plain deep slate-gray or slate color, changing to darker slate or dull 

 blackish on orbital region and lores; a conspicuous superciliary stripe 

 of white extending from base of maxilla to behind auriculars; back, 

 scapulars, and rump plain bright olive-green; wings, upper tail-cov- 

 erts, and tail slate-gray, the inner webs of rectrices edged with white, 

 most broadly on outer pair; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and 

 breast bright yellow (lemon or gamboge), the upper chest marked 

 with a transverse (usually crescentic) spot or patch of rich chestnut; 

 abdomen and under tail-coverts white; sides and flanks light olive- 

 grayish; maxilla brownish black or dusky; mandible pale horn color 

 (in dried skins); legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 106.7-116.8 (111.2); wing, 61.5-65.3 (63); tail, 45-49.3 (48); exposed 

 culmen, 10.2-11.9 (10.7); tarsus, 13.5-16 (15.7); middle toe, 9.4-10.4 

 (9.9).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male and sometimes not distin- 

 guishable, but usually slightly duller in color, with the chestnut jugular 

 spot smaller, paler, often obsolete, sometimes wanting; yellow of throat, 

 etc., rather paler; length (skins), 104.1-114.3 (109.5); wing, 68.4-60.4 

 (59.9); tail, 43.4-46.7 (45.5); exposed culmen, 10.2-10.9 (10.7); tarsus, 

 15.5-16.8 (16.3); middle toe, 9.6-10.4 (10.2).' 



Young., first plumage. — Similar to duller-colored adult females, but 

 plumage of looser texture, gray parts tinged with olive, and the mid- 

 dle and greater wing-coverts tipped with dull whitish or bufl^j^^ pro- 

 ducing two narrow bars.' 



Highlands of Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (Jesus Myiarchusria), Durango 

 (Ciudad Durango; El Salto), Jalisco (Sierra Nevada; San Sebastian), 

 Myiarchuschoacan (Patzcuaro), Puebla (Huachinango), Vera Cruz (Orizaba; 

 Myiarchusrador; Las Vigas), Hidalgo (Real del Monte; El Chico), Guerrero 

 (mountains near Chilpancingo), Oaxaca (La Parada; Talea; Cerro San 

 Felipe), and Chiapas (San Cristobal); highlands of Guatemala (Coban 

 toChisec; Quezaltenango; VoIcandeFuego; Santa Barbara; Calderas). 



' Ten specimens. 



'^ Four specimens. 



'The two specimens from which the above description was taken are full-grown 

 and only partly in first plumage, the yellow of anterior lower parts having already 

 been acquired, 




478 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ConirosU-um superciliosum Haktlaub, Rev. Zool., 1844, 215. 



Panda superciliosaScLATETi, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299 (LaParada, Oaxaca); 



1859, 373 (Talea, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 26 (La Parada).— Sclatek 



and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala).— Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 



169, 171 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; alpine reg.).— Sumichkast, Mem. Bost. Soc. 



N. H., i, 1869, 545 (alpine region. Vera Cruz).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. 



Oentr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 122, pi. 8, fig. 2 (Quezaltenango, Volcan de Fuego, 



ridge above Ohuacus, and Santa Barbara, Guatemala, etc.).— Shaepe, Cat. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 255, 642 (near City of Mexico; Ciudad Durango; 



Oaxaca; Calderas, Guatemala, etc.). 

 IParula'] supereilioaa Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 

 "Plarula']" supereiliosa Baied, Bbbwek, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 



1874, 208, in text. 

 IMniotilUi,'] mperdliosa Geay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3450. 

 Oreothlypis supereiliosa Ridgway, Auk, i, April, 1884, 169; Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 



1887, 481, footnote, in text. 

 Clompsothlypis'] mmcana Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 21 (Mexico; coll. Berlin 



Myiarchuss.; ex Sylvia mexicana Lichtenstein, manuscript). 

 [Parula'] mexicana Bonapabte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310.— Baird, Rep. Pacific 



R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 237, footnote. 

 Hypothymis mexicana lACUTENSimis, Journ. fiir Orn., Jan., 1863, 58. 



Genus COMPSOTHLYPIS Cabanis. 



Chloris (not of Cuvier, 1799) BoiB, Isis, 1826, 972. (Type, Parus amerimnus 



Linnaeus.) 

 Sylvicola (not of Harris, 1782, nor of Humphrey, 1797) Swainson, Zool. Journ., 



iii, July, 1827, 160. (Type, Parus americanus Linnreus. ) 

 Parula (not Parulus Spix, 1824) Bonapakte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 20. 



(Type, Parus americanus Linnaeus.) 

 Compsothlypis^ Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20. (Type, Parus americanus 

 Linnaeus. ) 

 Small arboreal Mniotiltidse with narrowly wedge-shaped acute bill, 

 distinct rictal bristles, and basal phalanx of middle toe united for 

 greater part of its length to outer toe. 



Bill much shorter than head, narrowly wedge-shaped and acute, but 

 with culmen perceptibly curved, at least toward tip; maxillary tomium 

 without subterminal notch. Nostril longitudinally oval or subcuneate, 

 overhung by rather broad operculum. Rictal bristles distinct. Wing 

 moderate or rather long, rather pointed (four outermost primaries 

 abruptly longest and nearly equal, but varying in relative length); 

 wing-tip decidedly shorter than tarsus. Tail shorter than distance 

 from bend of wing to tip of secondaries, emarginate. Tarsus much 

 longer than commissure, decidedly less than one-third as long as wing, 



' From Gr. Ko/j-ipoi and 0?iv7Cii. Kojurpos = cared for, adorned, elegant, from 

 Konsoo, I take care of {cfr. L. comptus and como) , and kindred with KOfirj (L. coma), 

 the hair considered as an ornament for the head. QXvitii, a name of a bird said to 

 be found in some codiceL of Aristoteles (VUl, 5. 4) where others have Bpavitli, or 

 Bpamg, a thistle-eating bird, not determinable (from Bpavoo, 1 break, with which is 

 kindred BXdoo, of the same signification, and S\i/3oo, 1 rub. Spavvii, Bpaicii, BXatii, 

 BXvTti{!).—Ccm-pso-thly'-pis. (Stejneger, Auk, i, 1884, 168, footnote.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 479 



its SGutella indistinct (more or less fused on outer side) ; middle toe 

 with claw much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united 

 for more than half its length to outer toe, for about half its length, 

 or slightly more, to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Bluish gray or grayish blue above, with an olive-green 

 patch on interscapular region; beneath with more or less of yellow; 

 wings usually with white bands. 



Nidification {so far as known). — Nest concealed within pendant tufts 

 of arboreal lichens or filiform epiphytes. 



Range. — Eastern United States and tropical America in general; 

 West Indies in winter. (Three species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF COMPSOTHLYPIS. 



B. Throat and breast yellow; back olive-green. (Adults.) 

 6. Posterior half, or more, of under parts white, or at least not distinctly yellow; 

 a white spot on each eyelid; malar region gray or bluish. {Comjpsothlypis 

 americana. ) 

 c. Brighter in color; general hue of upper parts grayish blue; throat and breast 

 bright yellow, the chest with more or less of orange-tawny, chestnut, or 

 dusky, or with all these colors. (Adult males. ) 

 d. Duller in color, usually without any distinct dusky band or conspic- 

 uous intermixture of chestnut across chest; bill larger (exposed cul- 

 men averaging 10.6). (South Atlantic States, north to coast of Virginia, 

 occasionally farther northward and westward. ) 



CompBotlilypis americana americana, adult male (p. 481) 



dd. Brighter in color, usually with a distinct, often very conspicuous, dusky 



band and intermixture of chestnut on chest; bill smaller (exposed culmen 



averaging less than 10). 



e. Larger (wing averaging 60.6, tail 42.5). (Northeastern United States, 



breeding from interior districts of Myiarchusryland anu Virginia northward. ) 



Compsothlypis americana usnese, adult male (p. 484) 



ee. Smaller (wing averaging 57.4, tail 40.9). (Myiarchusssissippi Valley, breeding 



from Myiarchusssissippi, Louisiana, and Texas to Myiarchusnnesota and Myiarchuschigan.) 



Compsothlypis americana ramalinse, adult male (p. 486) 



ec. Duller in color; general hue of upper parts gray or bluish gray; throat and 



brdast pale yellow, the chest similar, or with but little and inconspicuous, 



if any, admixture of orange-tawny or dusky. (Adult females.) 



d. Wing averaging more than 54, tail averaging more than 39. 



e. Smaller, with larger bill (wing averaging 54.7, tail 39.6, exposed culmen 



10.1) CompBothlypis americana americana, adult female (p. 481) 



ee. Larger, with smaller bill (wing averaging 56.9, tail 40.1, exposed culmen 



9.9) CompsotMypis americana usneae, adult female (p. 484) 



dd. Wing averaging 50.2, tail 38.5. 



Compsothlypis americana ramalinse, adult female (p. 486) 

 bb. Less than posterior half of under parts white; no white on eyelids; malar 

 region yellow, 

 c Lores and suborbital region black or dusky; subterminal white spot on inner 

 web of lateral rectrices large and sharply defined; posterior under parts 

 largely white; colors much brighter, the adult males distinctly bluish gray 

 or grayish blue above, and with yellow of under parts deepening into tawny- 

 yellow or orange-ochraceous on chest. ( Compsothlypis pitiayumi. ) 




480 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



d. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts without distinct, if any, white tips; flanks yellow. 

 e. Darker and more richly colored; pileum, hindneck, rump, etc., dull 

 indigo blue; throat and chest rich orange-ochraceoua or orange-tawny; 

 white tips to greater wing-coverts more distinct. (Nicaragua to Isthmus 



of Panaroa.) Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa, adults (p. 487) 



ee. Paler; pileum, hindneck, rump, etc., bluish slate-color; throat and chest 

 gamboge yellow, sometimes slightly tinged with orange-ochraceous; 

 white tips to greater wing-coverts less distinct, sometimes obsolete. 

 (Guatemala; State of Chiapas, southern Mexico.) 



Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata, adults (p. 488) 



dd: Myiarchusddle wing-coverts broadly tipped with white^; flanks not yellow. 



e. Tail not more than 43.9, tarsus not more than 16; wing averaging not 



more than 54.6 in male, nor more than 51.8 in female; flanks dull 



whitish, slightly if at all tinged with either grayish or rusty brownish. 



/. Smaller (wing averaging 51.6 in male, 47 in female; tail averaging 39.9 



in male, 35.3 in female); less white on wing-coverts, that on greater 



coverts occupying less than exposed terminal half; flanks paler, dull 



white, slightly if at all tinged with gray or rusty. (Eastern Mexico 



and southern Texas. ) . .Compsothlypis pitiayumi nigrilora, adults (p. 490) 



ff. Larger (wing averaging 54.6 in male, 51.8 in female; tail averaging 40.9 



in male, 39. 6 in female ) ; more white on wing-coverts, that on greater 



coverts extending nearly to tips of middle coverts; flanks darker, more 



or less tinged with gray or rusty, or both. (Western Mexico.) 



Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra, adults (p. 491) 

 ee. Tail not less than 46.5, tarsus not less than 18.5; wing averaging 57.4 in 

 male, 54.6 in female; flanks deep grayish, strongly tinged with rusty 

 brownish. (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, western Mexico.) 



Compaothlypis pitiayumi insularis, adults (p. 492) 

 (J. Lores and suborbital region grayish, flecked with whitish or pale yellowish; 

 white subterminal spot on inner webs of lateral rectrices smaller, not sharply 

 defined, sometimes obsolete; posterior under parts pale yellowish, the flanks 

 shaded with olive; colors much duller, the adult male dull gray (often 

 tinged with olive) above, and with yellow of under parts not deeper on 

 chest. (Socorro Island, northwestern Mexico.) 



Compsothlypis graysoni, adults (p. 492) 

 aa. Throat and breast whitish or pale grayish; back brownish gray or grayish olive. 

 (Young. ) 

 /). Wing with two white bands. 

 c. Chest and sides of breast distinctly gray. 



Compsothlypis americana americana, young (p. 482) 

 cc. Chest and sides of breast not distinctly gray (scarcely different in color from 



other lower parts) Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra, young ^ (p. 490) 



bb. Wing without any white bands. 



Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata, young' (p. 488) 



' In this character agreeing with the South American V. p. pitiayumi, in which, 

 however, the flanks are yellow, as in the two Central American forms, C. p. speaom 

 and C. p. inornata. Specimens from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Atlantic side) are 

 of intermediate character, in fact are intergrades between C. p.inomaia and C.p. 

 nigrilora. 

 ^ Young of C. p. nigrilora, C. p. irmdaris, C. p. specioaa, and C. graysoni not seen, 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. iHl 



COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA AMERICANA (Linnaeus). 

 PARULA WARBLER. 



Admit male. — Head and neck, except chin, throat, lores, and eyelids, 

 dull grayish blue or bluish gray; lores darker, usually blackish; a 

 small white spot or streak on posterior portion of upper eyelid, and a 

 larger spot of white on lower eyelid; interscapular region yellowish 

 olive-green, forming a triangular patch; scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, 

 rump, upper tail-coverts, and middle rectrices plain bluish gray, rather 

 lighter than color of head; middle and greater wing-coverts, remiges, 

 and rectrices (except middle pair) blackish or dusky, edged with bluish 

 gray, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, 

 forming two conspicuous bands, the anterior of which is broadest; 

 inner webs of three outermost rectrices with a large subterminal spot 

 of white, of which that on the exterior rectrix is much the largest; 

 chin, throat, and breast gamboge yellow; chest varying from plain 

 yellowish tawny to deep tawny (the feathers margined with yellow) 

 usually with more or less of dusky across the upper portion, sometimes 

 forming a rather distinct narrow band, the yellow of the throat also 

 sometimes tinged with tawny; sides of breast bluish gray, sometimes 

 tinged with pale chestnut posteriorly; rest of under parts white, the 

 sides and flanks tinged with grayish; maxilla black, mandible yellowish 

 (bright yellow in life); iris brown; legs and feet brownish "(in dried 

 skins); length (skins), 95-107 (101.6); wing, 55.5-61 (58.5); tail, 

 40.5-46 (42.5); exposed culmen, 10-11.5 (10.6); tarsus, 15.5-17.5 

 (16.7).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but much duller in color, 

 especially the under parts; gray of upper parts less bluish; yellow of 

 throat, chest, and breast paler and duller, the chest only faintly, if at 

 all, tinged with tawny, never with a distinct (usually without any) 

 flusky band across upper portion; length (skins), 96-108 (99.7); wing, 

 5^58.5 (54.7); tail, 37.5-42 (39.6); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.1); 

 tarsus, 15.5-17 (16.1).' 



'Twenty-one specimens. 

 ' Eleven specimens. 



Breeding specimens from the coast of Virginia compare in measurements with 

 those from South Carolina and Georgia, as follows: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



Twelve adult malea from South Carolina and Georgia 



Nine adult males from coast of Virginia 



FEMALES. 



Seven adult females from South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 

 Four adult females from coast of Virginia (Dismal Swamp) 



Wing. 



58.8 

 68.3 



55.1 

 S4.1 



Tail. 



42.7 

 42.2 



38.9 

 39.4 



Ex 



,)0se 

 ciilmen. 



10.6 

 10.6 



10.2 



16.7 

 16.6 



16.2 



10.1 I 15,9 



The two series are practically identical in coloration, 

 3654— VOL 2—01 31 




482 BULLETIN 50, UNITKD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Towng male in first autumn. — Essentially like the adult male, but 

 the bluish ^ray of upper parts more or less strongly tinged with olive- 

 green, especially on head and neck; sides and flanks tinged with brown- 

 ish bufi'y ; yellow of throat and breast duller, the darker jugular area 

 more or less obscured by yellowish tips or margins to the feathers; a 

 whitish supraloral mark. (Adult males in winter differ from spring 

 and summer specimens mainlj% if not wholly, in having a slight tinge 

 of olive-green to the bluish gray of head, neck, and rump and a slight 

 olivaceous tinge to sides and flanks.) 



Young female in first autmnn. — Differing from the adult female in 

 the same characters which distinguish the young male in same plumage. 



Young , first plumage. — Above plain slate-gray, slightly tinged with 

 olive-green; middle and greater wing-coverts narrowly tipped with 

 white; chin and upper throat pale yellowish; lower throat, chest, sides, 

 and flanks plain light gray (intermediate between mouse gray and gray 

 no. 6); abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white; remiges 

 and rectrices as in adults. 



More southern portions of Atlantic and eastern Gulf coast districts 

 of United States, breeding from Florida, Georgia, and Alabama (vicin- 

 ity of Mobile) at least to coast of Virginia (Cape Charles, Eastville, 

 Dismal Swamp, etc.), probably to Delaware and southern New Jersey; 

 occasional farther northward (District of Columbia and vicinity; Car- 

 lisle, Pennsylvania; Sing Sing and Shelter Island, New York; Cape 

 Cod, Myiarchusssachusetts);^ also occasional in more southern portions of 

 the interior (Rockwood, Tennessee, April 24; Mount Carmel, IlUnois, 

 April 19); apparently wintering mainly in Florida.^ 



\Farm\ americanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 190 (Carolina; based on 

 Parus fringUlaris Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 64, pi. 64); ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 341.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 1007.— Latham, Index Dm., ii, 1790, 571. 



IMotacUla] americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 960. 



[Sylvia] americana Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 520. 



Sylvia amerirana Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 11, 1826, 83, part. — Auddbon, 

 Orn. Biog., 1, 1832, 78, part, pi. 15. 



Sylvicala americana Richaedson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Scl. for 1836 (1837), 171.— 

 AuDHBON, Synopsis, 1839, 59, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., Ii, 1841, 57, part,pl. 91. 



Parula americana Bonapabte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 20, part. — Baikd, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 238, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 

 168, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, part.— Coues, Proc. Best. Soc. N. 

 H., xii, 1868, 108 (South Carolina); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871,20 

 (Fort Myiarchuscon, North Carolina); Check List, 1873, no. 58, part; 2d ed., 1882, 



'A considerable number of specimens from these northern localities I am quite 

 unable to distinguish from southern examples; In fact. If taken In Georgia or South 

 Carolina, they would be considered very typical, some of them extreme, examples 

 of the subspecies, as restricted. 



'' Extralimital specimens are so few In number and in such condition of plumage 

 that I am not able to make out satisfactorily the winter ranges of the three forms of 

 this species. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 483 



no. 93, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 46, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 208, part.— 

 Meekiam, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 86 (OcklawahaE., Florida). —Baied, Brewer, 

 and RIDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part.— Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 48 (Camden Co., Georgia, breeding).— Loomis, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 211 (Chester Co., South Carolina, breed- 

 ing).— Ridg way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 88, part. 



[Parulal americana Coubs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93, part.- ScLATEEandSAL- 

 viN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. 



P[arula] americana Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 290, part. 



Mlniotiltal americana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196, part. 



[Mniotilta'] americana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3448, part. 



(^ompsothlypisl ammcanoCABANis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20, part (in synonymy). — 

 RIDGWAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491, part. 



Compsothlypis americana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 

 596 (Porto Rico).— Stejneqer, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part. — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 648, part.— Nehrling, Our Native 

 Birds, etc., i, 1893, 193, part— Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., 

 Florida, breeding). — Brewster, Auk, xiii, 1896, 45 (diagnosis; crit.). 



C[WoWs] omencana Jordan, Myiarchusn. Vertebr. E. U. S., 4th ed., 1884, 60, part. 



Motadlla eques Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 46 (based on Figuier cendre, de la 

 Caroline, Daubenton, PL Enl. 731, fig. 1). 



(7) [Motadlla'] ludovidana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 983 (Louisiana; based tn 

 Picedula ludoviciana Brisson, Orn., iii, 500, pi. 26, fig. 4).' 



(?) Motadlla ludomdana Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 



(?) ISyhia'] ludoviciana Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 535. — Stephens, Shaw's 

 Gen. ZooL, x, 1817, 713. 



Sylvia torquata Vibillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 38, pi. 99 (baaed on Parvs 

 americanus Linnaeus and Motadlla ludoviciana Gmelin); Enc. M6th., ii, 

 1823, 438. 



Thrioihurm torquatus Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiv, 1826, 194. 



Sylvia pugiUa (not of Latham, 1790) Wilson, Am. Orn., iv, 1811, 17, pi. 28, fig. 3. 



Sylricola pusilla Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 169. 



Slylvicoki] pusilla Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 245. 



The following references I am unable, chiefly from lack of satisfac- 

 tory material, to allocate: 



Sylvia americana D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 62. 



Sylvicola americana Jones, Naturalist in Bermuda, 1839, 59. — Denny, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1847, 38 (Cuba; Jamaica).— J ardine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 82 (Ber- 

 mudas, Jan.). — H0RDIS, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 35 (Bermudas, Apr. 

 21). — Myiarchusrtens, Journ. fiir Orn., 1859, 213 (Bermudas). — Bland, Ann. Rep. 

 Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, 1866, 67 

 (Bahamas), 184 (Porto Rico), 250 (Porto Rico). 



Parula americana Newton (A. and E.) , Ibis, 1859, 143 (St. Croix) . — Cassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 376 (St. Thomas).— Sclateb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1861, 70 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 26 (Jamaica). — Gundlach, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1873,411 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. , vii, 

 1878, 176 (Porto Rico).— Albkecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica).— 

 Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 293 (Jamaica).— MyiarchusIl wraith, Proc. 



'Very doubtfully a Compsothlypis, and if referable to the present species can only 

 be applied, notwithstanding the locality, to the present form. Santo Domingo is 

 also given as part of the range. 




484 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Essex Inst., v. 1866, 85 (Ontario).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 

 267 (Florida, winter).— Cope, Am. Nat., iv, 1870, 395, 396, 397 (s. Alle- 

 ghenies).— Scott, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 221 (West Virginia, breed- 

 ing).— Bkewstek, Ann. Lye. N. Y., i, 1875, 134-(Virginia, breeding).— CofiY, 

 Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 55; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Santo 

 Domingo) ; Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 24. 

 Compsothlypis americana Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., iii, 1855, 476 (Cuba).— CoEy, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 26 (West Indian references and localities); viii, 1891, 48 (St. 

 Croix; St. Christopher); Birds W. I., 1889, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117, 

 155 (St. Bartholomew).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Punta Eassa, Florida, 

 migr.; Key West, Florida, winter). — Cherrie, Oontr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 

 11 (winter, till Apr. 2).— Wilde, Auk, xiv, 1897, 289 (Cape Myiarchusy, New Jersey; 

 nesting habits, etc.). — Daniel, Auk, xix, 1902, 18 (Dismal Swamp, Virginia, 

 breeding). 



COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA USNE/E Brewster. 

 NOKTHEKN PARULA WARBLER. 



Similar to C. a. americana, but slightly larger, with smaller bill and 

 darker, richer coloration ; adult male with blue of upper parts deeper, 

 and black of lores more intense; lower throat or upper chest (some- 

 times both) blackish or dusky (the feathers sometimes tipped with 

 chestnut), forming a more or less distinct, often very conspicuous, 

 band; lower chest orange-tawny, tawny, or chestnut (the feathers 

 usually margined with yellow), forming usually a distinct and often 

 abruptly defined patch; sides usually more or less tinged or spotted 

 with chestnut. 



Adidt TOaZe.— Length (skins), 97-113 (104.7); wing, 57-63 (60.6); 

 tail, 39.5^5 (42.5); exposed culmen, 9-11 (9.7); tarsus, 15.5-18 (16.8).' 



Adult fern ale.— liQ-agth (skins), 93-105 (99.7); wing, 54-59.5 (66.9); 

 tail, 38.5-42(40.1); exposed culmen, 9-10.5(9.9); tarsus, 16-17(16.5).' 



' Thirty-four specimens. 



^ Nine specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 485 



Eastern United States and British Provinces, breeding from the 

 interior districts of Virginia and Myiarchusryland^ northward to Myiarchusine, Anti- 

 costi Island, New Brunswick, and northern Ontario(?); casual in south- 

 ern Greenland; in winter throughout West Indies.^ 



S[/lna americana (not Parus americanus Linnaeus) Bonaparte, Ann. Lj'c. N. Y., 

 ii, 1826, 83, part. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1832, 78, part. — Peabody, Rep. 

 Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, 11.— Thompson, Nat. Hist. "Vermont, App., 1853, p. 24. 



Sylmcola <imeri.cana Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 59, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 

 1841, 57, part— Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 207 (Essex Co.. Myiarchusssa- 

 chusetts). — Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), '2hz (Nova 

 Scotia). 



S[ylmcola] americana Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fur Orn., 1858, 116, part (Pennsylvania) . 



Parula americana Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 20, part. — Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 238, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 

 168, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, part. — Verrill, Prop. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., ix, 1863, 233 (Oxford Co., Myiarchusine).— Allen, Proc. Essex Inst, iv, 

 1864, 59 (Springfield, Myiarchusssachusetts). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 

 1868, 283 (vie. New Yorli; City).— Brewer, Am. Nat., i, 1867, 117 (nesting 

 habits); xvii, 1875, 439 (New England).— Trippe, Am. Nat,, ii, 1868, 177 

 (habits, etc.). — Coues, Proc. Essex. Inst., v, 1868, 269 (Essex Co., Myiarchusssa- 

 chusetts); Check List, 1873, no. 58, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 93, part;, Birds 

 N. W., 1874, 46, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 208, part.— Turnbull, Birds E. 

 Penn. and N. J., 1869, 23; Phila. ed., 16.— Myiarchusynard, Proc. Bost Soc. N. H., 

 xiv, 1872, 361 (Upton, Myiarchusine, etc.).— Herrick, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 30 

 (New Brunswicli). — Packard, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 271 (eatscankerworm). — 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part, pi. 

 10, fig. 7.— Newton (A.), Myiarchusn. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 98 (Southern 

 Inspectorate, I spec, 1857). — Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1884, 

 370 (Anticosti I., June, July); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 22 (descr. 

 young). — MyiarchusNOT, Birds New England, 1877, 99. — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881 , no. 88, part 



[ParuUi] americana Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93, part.— Sclater and Sal- 

 viN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part 



Plarula] americana Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 290, part. 



Mlniotittal americana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196, part. 



Mnioiilta americana Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (s. Greenland, 1 spec, 1857). 



[MniotiUa] americana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3448, part. 

 (?) C[ompsothlypis'] americana Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20, part (North 

 America) .—Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491, part. 



Cwnpsolhlypis americana Stejneger, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part.— Bicknell, Auk, i, 

 1884, 212 (song).— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 648, part— Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 398 (Beaver, Butler, and Armstrong coun- 

 ties, Pennsylvania, breeding).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 

 193, part, pi. 11, fig. 1. 



'Specimens from the District of Columbia and adjacent parts of Myiarchusryland and Vir- 

 ginia are mainly referable to this form, though averaging slightly less in length of 

 wing and tail but more in length of bill; many are intermediate in coloration between 

 the present form and C. «. americana, while occasional specimens can not be distin- 

 guished from the latter. 



'Some West Indian (winter) specimens are undoubtedly of this form; but the 

 differences between C. a. umese and C. a. americana in winter plumage are so much 

 obscured that it is diflScult to distinguish them at that season. 




486 BULLETITSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Clhloris'] americana Jordan, Myiarchusn. Vertebr. E. V. S., 4th ed., 1884, 60, part. 



Compsothlypis americanci iimese Bn^wsTKR, Auk, xiii, Jan., 1896, 44 (Lake Umba- 

 gog, Myiarchusine; coll. W. Brewster). — American Ornithologists' Union Com- 

 mittee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 123.— (?)Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 43 (Myiarchusskoka, 

 etc., n. Ontario, breeding). 



COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA RAMALIN.ffii Ridgway. 



WESTERN PARULA WARBLER. 



Similar in coloration to C. a. iisnece, but smaller even than O. a. 

 americana. 



Adult male.— L,eugth (skins), 9^105 (94.8); wing, 64.5-61.5 (57.5); 

 tail, 39-45 (40.9); exposed culmen, 8-11 (9.9); tarsus, 16-17 (16.5).' 



Adult female.— Ijength (skins), 97-101 (98.3); wing, 52.5-54(53.5); 

 tail, 37.5-40 (38.5); exposed culmen, 9-10.5 (9.8); tarsus, 14.5-16.5 

 (15.8).' 



Syhy'ia americana (not Parus americaniis Linnaeus) Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1832, 



78, part. 

 Sylvicola americana Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 59, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 

 1841, 57, part. — Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuiii and Col. R., 1853, 

 71.— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin).— Read, Proe. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi., 1853, 399 (n. Ohio).— Pratten, Trans. Ills. Agric. 

 Soc, 1855, 602 (Illinois).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 202 (Tlac- 

 otalpam. Vera Cruz). — Trippe, Proc. Essex Inst, vi, 1871, 114 (Myiarchusnnesota). 

 Parula americana Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List. 1838, 20, part. — Baied, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 238, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 

 168, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, part. — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1859, 10 (Guatemala).— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 476 (San Antonio, Texas).— 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 200 (Yucatan); Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 



'From Ramalina, a genus of lichens, species of which are very abundant in 

 bottom-land forests of the lower Myiarchusssissippi Valley, where in many localities fre- 

 quented by the present bird it is much more abundant than Usnea, if not altogether 

 replacing the latter. 



^Twenty-six specimens. 



' Three specimens. 



Average measurements for different localities are as follows: 



The coloration is very uniform throughout the extensive area inhabited by this 

 form, breeding males from Louisiana and Texas being as richly colored and with as 

 conspicuous a dusky chest-band as those from Myiarchusnnesota and Myiarchuschigan. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 487 



no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Eflgenia and Tehuan tepee, Oaxaca, Oct., Jan.).— 

 SuMyiarchusCHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, win- 

 ter).— Allbn, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 124, 175 (Kansas, etc.); Am. 

 Nat, vi, 1872, 265 (Leaevnworth, Kansas) .—Aiken, Proc. Boat. Soc. N. H., 

 XV, 1872, 196 (Colorado, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 11.)— Coues, Checl?; List, 1873, no. 

 58, part, 2d ed., 1882, no. 93, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 46, part; Birds Col. 

 Val., 1878, 208, part.— Scott, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 141 (w. Myiarchusssouri, 

 breeding).— Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 196 (Colorado).— 

 Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4 (Leavenworth).— Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 

 V, 1873, 180 (Colorado); Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 88, part.— Ames, Bull. 

 Myiarchusnn. Ac. Sci., 1874, 55 (Myiarchusnnesota).— B.\ied, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part; iii, 1874, 504 (El Paso Co., Colorado).— 

 Nehkling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 8 (s. e. Texas, breeding).— Hay, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 90 (Memphis, Tennessee, and Vicksburg 

 and Jackson, Myiarchusssissippi, breeding).— Mberiam, Auk, ii, 1885, 377 (St. 

 Louis, Myiarchusssouri, breedings descr. nest). 



[Panda] amerwana Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93, part.— Sclatbk and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part., 



P[arula'i americana Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 368 (Illinois, breed- 

 ing).— Boies, Cat. Birds s. Myiarchusch., 1875, no. 22 (breeding).— Nelson, Bull. 

 Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 98 (n. e. Illinois, breeding).— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 

 2d ed., 1884, 290, part. 



MlniotiUa'] americana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196, part. 



MlniotUta] americana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3448, part. 



Compsothlypis americana Steqneger, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part. — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 648, part. — Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, 

 i, 1889, 131.— Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 547 (e. Kansas, breeding).— Nehrling, 

 Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 193, part.— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 1 spec, Oct. 26).— Beyer, Proc. 

 Louisiana Soc Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 112 (Louisiana, breeding). 



Clompsothlypis] americana Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491, part. 



C[Uoris americana'] Jordan, Myiarchusn. Vertebr. E. U. S., 4th ed., 1884, 60, part. 



COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI SPECIOSA Ridgway. 

 CHUtlQUI FARULA WARBLER. 



Similar to C. jp. pitiaywmi^^ but darker and bluer above, throat and 

 chest deeper orange-ochraceous, and middle wing-coverts without 

 white tips; similar in last-mentioned character to P. p. inoniata, but 

 much more richly colored. 



Adult male. — Above dull indigo blue, relieved by a triangular patch 

 of olive-green occupying the interscapular region; lores, suborbital 

 region, and anterior margin of forehead black; outermost greater 

 wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, but no white tips to middle 



•Compsothlypis pitiaynmi pitiayumi (Vieillot). 

 Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., ii, 1816, 276; Compsothlypis 

 pitiayumi Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1851, 21; C[ompsothlypis] plitiayumi] 

 pitiayumi Ridgway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69 in text. — Stjlvia venusta Tem- 

 minck, PI. Col., livr. 49, 1824, pi. 293, fig. 1. — Sylma plumbea Swainson, Zool. 

 lUustr., ii, 1821-22, pi. 139. — Parula brasiliana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 

 1850, 310. 




488 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



coverts; inner webs of two outermost rectrices with a large, subter- 

 minal subquadrate patch of white, the third rectrix sometimes with a 

 small white subterminal spot; malar region, chin, breast, sides, flanks, 

 and abdomen rich lemon yellow; throat and chest deep orange-ochra- 

 ceous; anal region, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts white; 

 maxilla black, mandible pale colored (yellowish in life); iris brown; 

 legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 83.8-104 

 (94.9); wing, 47.5-55 (52.5); tail, 35.3-41 (39.1); exposed culmen, 

 9.1-10 (9.7); tarsus, 15.7-18 (16.1); middle toe, 9.9-10.4 (10.1).' 



Adidt female.— Similar to the adult male, but usually slightly duller 

 in color, with white tips to outermost greater wing-coverts less dis- 

 tinct, and the throat and chest less deeply orange-ochraceous, or yel- 

 low slightly tinged with that color; length (skins), 92.7-104.1 (98.9); 

 wing, 47.5-51. S (49.6); tail, 35.3-38.6 (36.9); exposed culmen (one 

 specimen), 9.1; tarsus, 15.2-15.5 (15.3); middle toe, 9.6-9.9 (9.7).^ 



Nicaragua (Ometepe) to Chiriqui (Boquete de Chitra; Volcan de 

 Chiriqui) and Veragua (Calobre). 



Parula inoniala Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 171, part (Angostura and Dofa, 

 Costa Kica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 93 (Barranca, Angos- 

 tura, and Dota Mts., Costa Eica). — Salvador:, Atti. Eoy. Ac. Sci. Torino, 

 iv, 1868, 172 (Costa Eica).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 292 (Costa 

 Kica). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 182, part (Volcan de Chiriqui 

 and Boquete de Chitra, Chiriqui; Calobre, Veragua). — Salvin and-GoDMAN, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 120, part (Barranca, Angostura, and Dota 

 Mts., Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui and Boquete de Chitra, Chiriqui; Calo- 

 bre, Veragua). — Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 391 (Ometepe, 

 Nicaragua). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 643, part (Turrialba, 

 Costa Eica; Volcan de Chiriqui; Boquete de Chitra). 

 \^Parula\ inornata Sclater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. 

 [Parula pitiayumi] var. inornata Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 208, part (Costa Eica). 

 [Parula pitiayumi.^ Subsp. a. Parula inornata Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., a, 



1885, 260, part (Costa Eica; Chiriqui). 

 C[ompsothlypis'] inornata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492, part. 

 Compsothlypis inornata Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 106 



(Naranjo de Cartage; Dota). 

 Compsothlypis pilluymni specio.iii Ridgway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69 (Boquete, 

 Chiriqui; coll. U S.Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI INORNATA (Baird). 

 GUATEMALAN PARULA WARBLER, 



Similar to O. p. specima, but much duller in color (bluish slate- 

 gray instead of dull indigo blue above, the chest but slightly tinged 

 with orange-ochraceous). Similar also to C. p. nigrilora, but with 

 the flanks and abdomen (except extreme lower portion) yellow, without 

 white tips to middle wing-coverts (or else with these v6ry indistinct, 

 and with only the outermost (if any) greater coverts tipped with white. 



' Eleven specimens. '^ Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH A;^D MIDDLE A.MERICA. 489 



Admit male. — Above plain bluish slate color or dark plumbeous, 

 relieved by a triangular patch of olive-green occupying the interscap- 

 ular region; lores, anterior portion of forehead, and suborbital region 

 blackish; outermost middle and greater wing-coverts sometimes with 

 indistinct white or pale grayish terminal spots; inner webs of two to 

 three outermost rectrices with a subterminal spot of white, largest on 

 outermost rectrix; under parts yellow (gamboge or lemon), becoming 

 yellowish white on lower abdomen and anal region, the chest slightly 

 tinged with orange-ochraceous, the flanks tinged with olive; under tail- 

 coverts and under wing-coverts white; maxilla black, mandible pale 

 colored (yellowish in life?); legs and feet dark horn brownish (in dried 

 skins); length (skins), 92.7-97.8 (95.2); wing, 50-51.6 (51); tail, 37.3- 

 40(38.9); exposed culmen, 9-9.4 (9.1); tarsus, 15.2-16.8 (16); middle 

 toe, 9.4-9.6 (9.5).^ 



Aduit female. — Similar to the adult male, but slightly paler and 

 duller in color; length (skin), 91.4; wing, 47.5; tail, 36.6; exposed 

 culmen, 9; tarsus, 14.5; middle toe, 8.4.^ 



Young., first plumage. — Above plain grayish olive, inclining to olive- 

 green on back; middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped 

 with pale grayish; under parts dull white, the chest and sides of breast 

 shaded with pale olive-grayish. 



Highlands of Guatemala (Choctum) and Chiapas (Ocuilapa; near 

 Tuxtla Gutierrez). 



Parula brasUiana (not Sylvia brasiliana Lichtenstein) Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 



1860, 397 (Guatemala). 

 [Parula] inomata Baikd, Review Am. Birds, Nov., 1864, 169.— Sclater and 



Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. 

 Parula inomata Baird, Review Am. Birds, Nov., 1864, 171, part (type from 



Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. O. Salvin).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lend., 1870, 182, part (Choctum) .—Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 



Aves, i, 1880, 120, part, pi. 8, fig. 1 (Choctum).- Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 



Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 643, part (Choctum). 

 {Mniotiltal inomata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3451. 

 [Parula pitiayumi'] var. inornata Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 208, part (Guatemala). 

 CompsotMypis pitiayumi inomata SrsJNEQER, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 170. 

 [Parula pitiayumi.] Subsp. a. Parula inornata Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 



1885, 260, part (Guatemala). 

 C[(mpsothlypis\ inonwria Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492, part (Guatemala). 

 CompsotUypis inomatus Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (near Tuxtla Gutierrez, e. 



Chiapas). 

 C[ompsothlypis] p[itiayumi'] inornata Ridgway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69, in text. 



' Three specimens. '' One specimen, from Ocuilapa, Chiapas. 




490 BULLETIN 50, CriSriTED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI NIGRILORA (Coues). 

 SENNETT'S PARTJLA WARBLER, 



Similar to O. p. wiornata, but with two distinct white wing-bands and 

 without yellow on flanks; differing from C. p. pulehra in smaller size, 

 much narrower white wing- bands (the second occupying less than 

 terminal exposed half of greater coverts), and white subterminal spot 

 on inner web of lateral rectrices much smaller, rarely indicated on 

 third rectrix. 



Admit male. — Head and neck (except chin and throat), scapulars, 

 lesser wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain, slightly bluish, 

 slate-gray, the lores and suborbital region distinctly darker, inclining 

 to black, especially the former; innermost middle wing-coverts also 

 slate-gray, the outermost ones broadly tipped with white, forming a 

 distinct spot or short bar; greater coverts with inner webs blackish, 

 outer webs slate-gray, broadly tipped with white (except on innermost 

 feathers), the white occupying less than the terminal exposed half; 

 remiges dusky with slate-gray edgings, the outer webs of tertials 

 mostly gray; rectrices dusky edged with bluish slate-gray, the inner 

 webs of two or three outermost with a subterminal spot of white; back 

 yellowish olive-green, forming a triangular patch; malar region, chin, 

 throat, breast, and upper part of abdomen yellow (lemon or gamboge), 

 deepening on chest into saffron or ochraceous yellow; lower abdomen, 

 anal region, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts white; sides 

 and flanks dull whitish, slightly tinged with grayish, rarely slightly 

 tinged with rusty or pale chestnut; maxilla black, mandible pale yel- 

 lowish brown (yellow in life?); iris brown; legs and feet brownish in 

 dried skins; length (skins), 94-106.4 (99.3); wing, 49-53.8 (61.6); tail, 

 37.6^2.7(89.9); exposed culmen, 9.1-10.4 (9.6); tarsus, 16.2-16 (15.7); 

 middle toe, 9.6-10.2 (9.6).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the male but slightly smaller and duller 

 in color; length (skins), 90.2-97.8 (94); wing, 45.2-49 (47); tail, 33-37.6 

 (35.3); exposed culmen, 9.9; tarsus, 15.2-16.8 (16); middle toe, 9.4" 



Eastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Myiarchusra; Tampico), 

 Nuevo Leon (Montemorelos), and San Luis Potosi (Valles); north to- 

 southern Texas. 



Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pUiayumi Vieillot) Beewer, Ibis, 1878, 116 (Fort 



Brown, Texas). 

 Parula nigrilora Ooubs, Bull. IT. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, no. 1, Feb. 5, 



1878, 11 (Hidalgo, Texas; coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchusa.); Birds Col. Val., 1878, 207; 



Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 94.— Bennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. 



Terr., iv, 1878, 12 (Hidalgo, Texas, habits); v, 1878, 384 (Lomita, Texaa; 



habits; descr. nests and eggs; measurements). — Merrill, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. 



Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 123 (Fort Brown, Texas).— Brewer, Ibis, 1878, 204.— Allen, 



'Ten specimens. *Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 49] 



Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 89.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 



Aves, 1,1880,121; Ibis, 1889, 236 (Tampico, Tamaulipas; NuevoLeon; Valles, 



San Luis Potosi). 

 [Panda] pitiayumi var. nigrilora Coues, Birds Col. Val. ,1878, 208, footnote, in text. 

 Parula pitiayumi nigrilora Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ill, Aug. 24, 1880, 171; 



Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 89a. 

 [Parula pitiayumi.'] Subsp. /3. Parula nigrilora Shaepe, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 



X, 1885, 261, pi. 11, flg. 2. 

 P[arula] nigrilora Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 291. 

 CompsotMypis nigrilora Stejnegeb, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 170. — American Oeni- 



THOLOGiSTs' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 649. — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 



1888,244 (Fort Brown, Texas).— Nehkling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 



195. 

 C[ompsotMypis'] nigrilora Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491. 



COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI PULCHRA (Brewster). 

 BEAUTITUL PARTOA WARBLER. 



Similar to O. j>. nigrilora, but larger and with much more white on 

 wing-coverts, that on greater coverts occupying more than exposed 

 half (sometimes extending quite to tips of middle coverts) in adult 

 male; flanks more often and more strongly tinged with rusty or pale 

 chestnut. Similar also to C.p. insularis but smaller; flanks paler and 

 less strongly tinged with chestnut; white on wing-coverts much more 

 extended; white siibterminal spot on inner webs of lateral rectrices 

 much larger, always distinct on second, sometimes present on third; 

 adult male with lores and orbits distinctly blackish. 



Young, first phimage. — ^Above plain brownish gray, the back slightly 

 tinged with olive; beneath dull white, the sides of breast slightly tinged 

 with gray, the upper throat and center of breast faintly tinged with 

 pale yellow; white wing-bands much narrower than in adults. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 99.1-101.6 (99.8); wing, 53.3-56.9 

 (54.6); tail, 39.1-43.9 (41); exposed culmen, 9.6-9.9 (9.7); tarsus, 

 15.5-16 (15.7); middle toe, 9.6-10 (9.9).^ 



Achtlt female.— Ijeugth (skin), 96.6; wing, 51.8; tail, 39.6; tarsus, 

 15.7; middle toe, 9.6.' 



Western Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (Hacienda San Rafael), 

 Sinaloa (Presidio; Plomosas), and Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra). 



Parula nigrilora (not of Coues) Sharpe, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 643 



(Presidio, near Myiarchuszatlan, w. Mexico). 

 CompsotMypis pulchra Brewster, Descr. Supposed New Birds from "W. North 

 Am. and Hex., Jan. 31, 1889, 93; Auk, vi, Apr., 1889, 93 (Hacienda de San 

 Eafa«l, Chihuahua, n. w. Mexico; coll. W. Brewster). 



1 Three specimens. ' One specimen. 




492 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI INSULARIS (Lawrence). 

 TKES MARIAS PAEtTLA WARBLER. 



Similar C. p. pulohra, but larger; flanks darker, much tinged with 

 grayish and more or less strongly tinged with chestnut; white on 

 wing-coverts more restricted (as in C. p. nigrilofa); subterminal 

 white spots on inner web of lateral rectrices smaller, present on only 

 one or two, instead of two or three; adult male with lores and orbits 

 not distinctly darker than pileum and auricular region, or at least not 

 approaching black. 



Adndt rna^e.— Length (skins), 106.T-115.6 (113); wing, 54.1-59.2 

 (57.4); tail, 45.7-52.6 (48.8); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.4(9.9); tarsus, 

 18.5-19.8 (19); middle toe, 9.9-10.4 (10.2).' 



Adult female.— 'Lengi\i (skins), 106.7-109.2(108.4); wing, 53.3-65.4 

 (54.6); tail, 46-49 (47.2); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 

 18-18.5 (18.3); middle toe, 9.6-10.4 (9.9).' 



Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, western Mexico. 



Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Baied, Eeview Am. Birds, 1865, 

 266 (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, w. Mexico) . 



Parula insularis Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Feb., 1871, 4 (Tres 

 Myiarchusrias Islands, w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Proc. Bost. See. N. H., 

 xiv, 1871, 278 (Tres Myiarchusrias); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269, part (Tres 

 Myiarchusrias). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 121, part 

 (Tres Myiarchusrias). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 643, part (Ties 

 Myiarchusrias) . 



IParula pitiayumi] var. insularis Baikd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 207 (Tres Myiarchusrias). 



[Parula pitiayumi.] Subsp. y. ParitZa insutora Sharps, Gat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss.,x, 

 1885, 263, excl. syn. part and locality " Socorro." 



Compsothlypis insularis Ste.ine6ee, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 170, excl. syn. part. — Nel- 

 son, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 55 (habits, etc.; crit.) 



C[ompsothlypis] insularis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492. 



COMPSOTHLYPIS GRAYSONI Ridgway. j 

 SOCORRO WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Above plain dull gray, sometimes strongly 

 tinged with greenish olive, the interscapulars olive-green, forming a 

 triangular patch; middle and greater wing-coverts rather broadly 

 tipped with white, passing into brownish gray on innermost feathers; 

 inner webs of lateral rectrices edged with white, but without any well 

 defined white subterminal spot; loral and subox'bital regions dull 

 grayish, flecked with whitish or pale yellowish; sides of head and neck 

 grayish, like pileum, etc., but somewhat paler; malar region, chin, 

 throat, chest, and whole breast rather light dull gamboge or canary 

 yellow, scarcely, if at all, deepening in color on chest; abdomen and 

 anal region very pale yellowish; under tail-coverts yellowish white; 



' Twelve specimens. '' Six specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 493 



flanks pale yellowish olive; under wing-coverts white; maxilla black; 

 mandible very pale brownish (yellowish in life?), usually dusky at tip; 

 iris brown; legs and feet deep horn brown (in dried skins). 



Admit mafe— Length (skins), 107.9-111.8 (109.7); wing, 52.1-53.3 

 (62.6); tail, 46.7-48.3 (47.2); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 

 17.8-19 (18.5); middle toe, 10.7-10.9 (10.8).' 



Admit female.— Ijmgth (skins), 110.5-114.3 (112.3); wing, 62.1-53.3 

 (52.8); tail, 46.2-47 (46.7); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.2 (10.1); tarsus, 

 19-19.3 (19.1); middle toe, 9.9-10.7 (10.2).' 

 Socorro Island, Eevillagigedo group, northwestern Mexico. 

 Parula inmlaris Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 1871, 4, part (Socorro 

 Island, n. w. Mexico); Proc. Boat. See. N. H., xiv, 1871, 300 (Socorro); 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1874, 2fi9, part (Socorro).— S a lvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 121, part (Socorro).— Sharpb, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 643, part (Socorro). 

 [Parula pitiayumi] var. insularis Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 207, part (Socorro). 

 Parula pitiayumi inmlaris Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 



171, 215 (Socorro); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 89. 

 [Parula pitiayumi.'] Subsp. y. Parula insularis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 



1885, 263, part (not description) . 

 CompsotMypis insulam Stejneqee, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part. 

 C[ompsothlypis\ graysoni Ridgway. Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492 (Socorro 



Island, Revillagigedo Group, n. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 CompsotMypis graysoni Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 592; 2d ed., 1896, 

 614. -TowNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 135 (Socorro).— Anthony, 

 Auk, XV, 1898, 317 (Socorro). 



Genus PEUCEDRAMUS Coues. 



Peucedramus CouEs, in Henshaw's Zool. Exped. W. lOOtli Merid., 1875, 201. 



(Type, Sylvia olivacea Giraud. ) 

 Pmcedromu^ (emendation) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 



1881, 142. 



Similar to Dendroica., but bill weaker, more subulate; tail more 

 deeply emarginate; a white spot at base of primaries in connection 

 with two white wing-bands. 



Bill much shorter than head, short-subulate, of uniform depth for 

 most of its length, depressed basally, compressed terminally; sub ter- 

 minal notch of maxillarv tomium indistinct or obsolete. Rictal bristles 

 weak and few (only three distinct). Wing long, pointed; eighth, 

 seventh, and sixth primaries longest, the ninth but little shorter, equal 

 to or longer than fifth; wing-tip very long (longer than tarsus). Tail 

 equal to distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, deeply 

 emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow. Tai'sus about one-fourth as 

 long as wing, very slender, its scutella indistinct (fused on outer side); 

 middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of 



' Four specimens. '^ Three specimens. 




494 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



middle toe united for more than half its length to outer toe, for about 

 half its length to middle toe. 



Coloration. — Head, neck, and chest tawny, orange-rufous, or deep 

 ochraceous (adult male), or huffy yellowish (female), with a black 

 band covering loral, suborbital and auricular regions (adult male), or 

 a dusky patch on auricular region (female); two white wing-bands, a 

 white spot at base of longer primaries, and much white on inner webs 

 of lateral rectrices. 



Nidification. — Arboreal. 



Range. — Highlands of Mexico and Guatemala, and high mountains 

 of southern and central Arizona. (Monotypio.) 



PEUCEDRAMUS OLIVACEUS (Giraud). 

 OLIVE WARBLER. 



Adult male in summer. — Head, neck, and chest plain ochraceous, 

 the sides of head with a broad band of black, involving the lores, 

 orbits, and auricular region; lower hindneck and extreme upper back 

 yellowish olive-green, this sometimes extending over whole hindneck 

 to, and including, the occiput; back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts plain mouse gray; wings and tail dull blackish; middle and 

 greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two con- 

 spicuous bands, of which the anterior one is the broader; innermost 

 greater coverts edged with light grayish olive-green; secondaries edged 

 with more yellowish olive-green; primaries narrowly edged with whit- 

 ish, the seventh to the third white at base, forming a conspicuous spot; 

 rectrices narrowlj' edged with pale grayish, usually becoming more 

 olive-greenish basally; inner webs of two outermost rectrices largely 

 white, this occupying much the greater part on exterior rectrix, the 

 outer web of which is also largely white; median portion, of breast 

 and abdomen dull white, shading on sides and flanks into light oHve- 

 grayish; under tail-coverts white, with part of concealed portion dull 

 grayish; bill blackish, with part of the mandible (usually basal half or 

 more) light brownish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky. 



Adult male in winter. — Similar to the summer male, but color of 

 head, neck, and chest duller, more clay color; sides and flanks more 

 brownish; back, etc., more olivaceous. 



Adult female in suinmer. — Pileum and hindneck olive-greenish (vary- 

 ing from yellowish olive-green to dull greenish olive); supra-auricular 

 region, sides of neck, throat, and chest yellowish (varying from dull 

 lemon yellow or light gamboge to dull sulphur yellow, the chin and 

 throat sometimes nearly white); auricular region dusky, at least in 

 part; lores dull grayish; suborbital region mixed dusky grayish and 

 dull whitish; rest of plumage as in adult male, but white wing-bars 

 narrower, and white spot at base of middle primaries smaller, some- 

 times obsolete. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



495 



Adult female in wmiJer.— Similar to the summer female, but plumage 

 of softer texture and posterior wing-band more or less tinged with 

 yellowish. 



Immatfwre male (second year). — Identical in coloration with adult 

 female. 



Young ■male, first plumage. — Pileam, hindneck, back, scapulars, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts plain dull olive or brownish olive; supra- 

 auricular region and sides of neck dull yellowish buffy, the latter 

 tinged with olive; chin, throat, and chest dull yellowish buffy; other- 

 wise like adult female. 



Young female, first plumage. — Similar to the young male but paler 

 and grayer above; supra-auricular and post-auricular regions pale 

 brownish buffy; chin, throat, and chest still paler buffy, the chin and 

 upper throat dull buffy whitish. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 113-129 (120);' wing, 72-78 (74.8); 

 tail, 50-56 (53.6); exposed culmen, 9.1-12 (10.7); tarsus, 17-20 (18.2); 

 middle toe, 10.5-13 (11.2).' 



Adult female.— Ijength (skins), 110-125 (117);" wing, 67-73 (69.9); 

 tail, 47.2-53 (49.4); exposed culmen, 9-12 (10.5); tarsus, 17-20 (18.2); 

 middle toe, 10.4-12 (11.5).* 



Highlands (coniferous belt) of Mexico, Guatemala, and southwestern 

 United States; north to central Arizona (Huachuca, Chiricahua, Santa 



^Length before skinning of six Arizona specimens, 127-137.2 (134.2). (Brewster, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Olub, vii, 1882, 137.) 



'Sixteen specimens. 



'Length before skinning of five Arizona specimens, 127-132.1 (129.5). (Brewster, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 137.) 



■•Thirteen specimens. 



Specimens from different geographic areas average in measurements as follows: 



There is an appreciable difference in size and coloration between specimens from 

 Arizona and northwestern Mexico on the one hand and those from Guatemala on 

 the other, the latter being smaller and brighter colored; but specimens from southern 

 Mexico, while nearer the Guatemalan examples in coloration, are larger even than 

 the Arizona birds. On the whole, I am unable to make out satisfactorily two, or 

 more, geographic forms, and therefore reduce P. o. auraniiacus to a synonym of P. 

 olivaceus. 




496 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Catalina, Graham, MogoUon, and White Mountains), south to Choctum 

 and Chilasco, Guatemala. 



Sylvia olivacea Giraud, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, 29, pi. (7), fig. 2 

 ("Texas;" type in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Sclatjjr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1855, 66. 



Sylvicola olivacea Baird, in Rep. Stansbury'a Surv. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 328 

 ("Texas").— Cassin, lUustr. Birds Cal., Tex., etc., 1855, 283, pi. 48. 



Khimamphus olivaceus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856,291 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruzj. 



Dendroica olivacea Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 305; Review Am. 

 Birds, 1865, 205 (Choctum, Guatemala; Popocatapetl, Mexico; Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz). — ScLATBE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca).— 

 SuMyiarchusCHRAST;, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alpine region Vera Cruz 

 5,000 to 10,000 ft.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 258, pi. 14, fig. 4. — Henshaw, Am. Sportsman, v, Feb. 20, 1875, 

 328 (Mount Graham, Arizona). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, no. 651.— Meabns, Auk, vii, 1890, 261 (Mogollon Mts., Arizona, 

 breeding in pine belt). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 197.— 

 Price, Auk, xii, 1895,17-19 (nesting habits, etc.). — Cox, Auk, xii, 1895, 358 

 (Mount Orizaba, 11,000 ft.).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 40 

 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft., in pines; notes). 



Dlendroica] olivacea Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 494. 



Dendrceca olivacea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 

 Oat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31 (Jalapa; Popocatapetl) . — Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 191 

 (Guatemala) . 



[Dendrxca] olivacea Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 99. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



Dendroeca olivacea Sdndbvall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 610 

 (monogr). 



Peucedramus olivaceus Henshaw, Zool. Expl. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 202 (Mount 

 Graham, Arizona; habits, etc.) . — Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 89.— 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 172, 216, 232; Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 92.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 135 (Chi- 

 ricahua and Santa Catalina Mts., s. Arizona; habits) .—Coues, Birds Col. 

 Val., 1878, 233; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 110.— Scott, Auk, ii, 1885,352 

 Sant^ Catalina Mts., s. Arizona). 



Pleucedramus] olivaceus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 296. 



Peucedromus olivaceus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 142. 



iMniotiUa'] olivacea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3479. 



Sylvia txniata Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xiv, ii, 1847, 104 (Mexico; coll. 

 Brussels Myiarchuss. ) ; Rev. Zool., 1848, 245. 



[Sylvicola} timiala Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309. 



MlniotiUal tmniata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1844, 196. 



Peucedramus olivaceus aurantiacus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 1074, 

 Myiarchusy 21, 1896, 441 (Chilasco, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. U. S. Nat. Hue.) 



Genus DENDROICA Gray. 



(?) Rhimamphus Rafinesque, Journ. de Phys., 1819, 417. (Type, R airiim 



Rafinesque, = avis fictita?) (See Baird, Pacific R. R. Rep., ix, 1858, 264; 



Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1845, 342.) 

 RUmanphus (emendation) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein,, i, 1851, 19. 

 Sylvicola (not of Humphrey, 1797, nor Hiibner, 1810, nor Swainson, 1827, nor 



Jardine, 1837) Gray, List Gen. Birds, 184L 32. (Type, MotadUa coronata 



Linnaeus.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 497 



Dendroica Gray, List Gen. Birds, App., 1842, 8. (Type, MotadMyiarchus coronata Lin- 

 naeus.) 



Dendroeca (emendation) Agassiz, Nomencl. Zoolog. Index Univ., 1846, 119. 



Perusoglossa Baird, Eeview Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 180. (Type, Motaoilla tigrina 

 Gmelin.) 



Small or medium-sized arboreal or subarboreal Mniotiltidse, with 

 the bill slender-conoidal, its basal "width not greater than its basal 

 depth, gradually tapering toward the tip, the tip of maxilla percepti- 

 bly decurved, the maxillary tomium with obvious notch ; rictal bristles 

 obvious, but not strongly developed; the tail more than two and a half 

 times as long as tarsus, and inner webs of lateral retrices partly white 

 or yellow. 



Bill shorter than head (usually much shorter), slender-conoidal, 

 tapei'ing gradually to the tip; tip not acute or else (D. tigrina) the 

 maxilla appreciably decurved terminally and with subterminal tomial 

 notch (the latter always present). Nostril longitudinal, linear, nar- 

 rowly oval or subcuneate, overhung by broad membraneous opercu- 

 lum. Rictal bristles obvious, but never very distinct. Wing moderate 

 or rather long, rather pointed (four outermost primaries abruptly 

 longest, the ninth always longer than fifth, frequently longer than 

 fourth, sometimes longest); or, in the distinctively Antillean types,' 

 rounded, with the ninth primary shorter than the fifth, sometimes 

 shorter than fourth; wing-tip usually equal to or longer than tarsus 

 (decidedly shorter in D. maculosa, D. discolor, and D. palmarum). 

 Tail about equal to distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries 

 (sometimes a little longer or shorter), emarginate, even, double- 

 rounded or slightly rounded. Tarsus one-fourth'' to one-third' as 

 long as wing, its scutella indistinct, often obsolete or fused on outer 

 side; middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus (nearly as long in D. 

 dominica); basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half 

 (sometimes nearly the whole) its length to outer toe, for at least half 

 its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Extremely variable, but inner webs of lateral rectrices 

 always with more or less of white or yellow. 



Mdification. — Mostly arboreal, sometimes terrestrial or subterres- 

 trial. 



Range.— W\io\q of North and Myiarchusddle America, and more northern 

 and western portions of South America; Galapagos Islands. (Myiarchusny 

 species.) 



There is much variation in details of form among the many species 

 of this beautiful genus, and their habits vary correspondingly. Some 



^D. plumbea, D. pharetra, D. adelaidx, and D. delicata. 

 ^In D. coronata, D. vigorsii, and D. castanea. 



'In D. plumbea, D. adelaidx, and D. delicata; nearly one-third as long in D. pal- 

 rmrum, D. discolor, and D. maculosa. 



3654^voL 2—01 32 




498 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(for example, D. ivtjorHii and D. dom mica) are expert creepers, recalling' 

 in their movements along the branches of trees the genus Mniotilta; 

 others (as I), palmarum) keep much upon the ground, where they 

 walk in the graceful manner of a Pipit, accompanying their movements 

 by the same wagging of the tail and tilting or " teetering" motion of 

 the body; some of them combine these characteristics to a greater or 

 less degree, while others possess none of them to a pronounced extent. 

 All are expert "flycatchers," when the occasion demands, but this is 

 a trait shared by many groups of birds. 



The bill of D. tigrlna is peculiar in the decided attenuation and 

 acuteness, as well as slight but very obvious downward curvature, of 

 the tip, but I can not discover any other character wherein this 

 species differs from other members of the genus. This species was 

 separated by Professor Baird as the type of a new genus, Perissoglossa, 

 through an error, the tongue of a Ccerebine bird (probably a species 

 of Cynn.erpes) having been examined, described, and figured as that of 

 D. tigrina. This matter has been quite fuUj' discussed by Myiarchus. Lucas,' 

 who finds " that while the tongues of the various species [of Dendroica] 

 are constructed on the same plan, . . . there is great specific varia- 

 tion in the execution of details, the extremes, so far as I have examined, 

 being marked bj^ Dendroica 'maculosa and D. tigrina, and that while 

 these extremes are widely separated, yet the gap between them is 

 bridged over by other species which show intermediate stages." 



D. maculosa, D. discolor, and D. pahnarum, are the only continental 

 species in which the wing-tip is decidedly shorter than the tarsus, all 

 the other species having the wing-tip at least as long as the tarsus. 

 The first named (Z>. maculosa) is unique in having the ninth primary 

 decidedly shorter than the sixth instead of equal to it or longer, and is 

 peculiar, so far as coloration is concerned, in the position and pattern 

 of the white spots on inner webs of the rectrices. D. dmnvnica is the 

 only species in which the bill is nearly as long as the head, or in which 

 the tarsus is but slightly longer than the middle toe with claw. 



With the exception of those allied to D. CBstiva, D. pityophila, and 

 the Bahaman representatives of JD. vigorsii {D. v. achrustera and B. v. 

 aiacoensis), the peculiarly West Indian species {D. phimbea, D. pha- 

 retra, D. adelaidce, and Z>. delicata) have the wing much more rounded, 

 the ninth primary being shorter than the fifth (shorter than the fourth 

 in I). ])ha/retra), and the wing not more than three times as long as the 

 tarsus. Otherwise they are not, collectively, different from the more 

 normal species, and probably should not be separated from them. 



'The Tongue of the Cape Myiarchusy Warbler. By Frederic A. Lucaa. The Auk, xi, 

 1894, 141-144, figs. 1-5. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 499 



KEY TO THE SI'ECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF DENDROICA. 



a. Inner webs of rectrices (except middle pair) partly yellow. ( " Golden Warblers.'"^) 

 h. No orange, rufous, or chestnut on sides of head or throat, or else the pileum also 

 rufous or chestnut and chest and sides streaked with the same. 

 r. Under parts bright yellow, the chest and sides streaked with chestnut or 

 rufous. (Adult males.) 

 d. Chin, throat, and sides of head yellow. 

 e. Wing more pointed, the outermost (ninth) primary equal to or longer 

 than sixth, often longest; tarsus shorter, never more than 20, averaging 

 about 18.8; tail relatively shorter, averaging less than 48.5, or else wing 

 averaging 68; continental. {Dendroica lestiva.) 



g. Larger (wing averaging more than 62, tail averaging more than 44) 



and brighter colored; pileum, in fully adult plumage, decidedly 



yellowish, often pure yellow, sometimes tinged with tawny orange; 



wing-coverts and tertials broadly edged with yellow; back, etc., 



lighter, more yellowish, olive-green. 



//. Back, etc., more decidedly olive-green, the upper tail-coverts with 



less yellow; chestnut streaks on chest and sides much broader.' 



(United States in general, except southern border from western 



Texas to Arizona; more southern British Provinces.) 



Dendroica aestiva aestiva, adult male (p. 508) 

 lih. Back, etc., more yellowish olive-green,, the upper tail-coverts 

 with more yellow; chestnut streaks on chest and flank much 

 narrower. 



' The so-called " Golden Warblers " (see Baird, Review of American Birds, p. 193) 

 embrace numerous forms which at first sight seem to be easily arrangeable into three 

 groups according to the color of the head in adult males : ( 1 ) Those without a sharply 

 defined orange, rufous, or chestnut patch on the crown; (2) those with a sharply 

 defined crown-patch of rufous or chestnut, and (8) those with the whole head, 

 including the throat, rufous or chestnut. A careful examination, however, shows 

 that no sharp line can be drawn between supposed groups 1 and 2, one form 

 {D. aureola, of the Galapagos Archipelago and Oocos Island) being so clearly inter- 

 mediate that different specimens would fall into either group. In short, there is, in 

 various West Indian forms, including that from the island of Cozumel, every inter- 

 mediate condition between the yellow or olive-green crown of D. lestiva (in which, 

 itself, the crown is sometimes slightly tinged with orange) and the very sharply 

 defined dark chestnut cap of D. capitalis. Furthermore, I fail to find other color 

 characters which will serve to segregate the various forms into smaller groups, not 

 a single one of those which have hitherto been used for that purpose and Avhich at 

 first sight give promise of utility in that way standing the test of careful examina- 

 tion of even a moderately large series of specimens. With adult females the case is 

 still more difficult, there being in that sex a far greater range of individual variation 

 and the color characters altogether less pronounced. The preparation of an infallible 

 ' ' key ' ' to the various forms of these ' ' Golden Warblers ' ' the author therefore acknowl- 

 edges to be beyond his ability, and he wishes it to be understood that the one here 

 given, while rendering identification easy in the case of most specimens, may fail with 

 others. 



It is clearly evident that all these "Golden Warblers," with the exception, per- 

 haps, of the little-known B. eoa, are of common origin, and that many of them rep- 

 resent merely local forms or slightly differentiated subspecies; but where to draw the 

 line between those which seem to be now specifiically distinct and those which do not 

 isaverydiflBcultmatter, regarding which probably no twoauthors would entirely agree. 



* Except in some western specimens, which otherwise are like eastern ones. 




500 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



i. Smaller (wing averaging 63.3, tail 47.8). (Southwestern border 

 of United States, from western Texas to Arizona, and south- 

 ward into northwestern Mexico.) 



Dendroica sestiva sonorana, adult male (p. 512) 

 a. Larger (wing averaging 68, tail 53). (Central Mexico.) 



Dendroica sestiva dugesi, adult male (p. 513) 

 gg. Smaller (wing averaging less than 62, tail averaging less than 40) 

 and duller colored; pileum always olive-green, like back, rarely 

 becoming yellowish on forehead; wing-coverts and tertials nar- 

 rowly edged with yellowish olive-gveen or olive-yellow; back, etc., 

 darker olive-green. ("Vancouver Island to Alaska in summer, south 

 to southern California, central Texas, and Nicaragua in winter. ) 

 Bendroica sestiva rubiginosa, adult male (p. 514) 

 ee. Wing more rounded, the outermost (ninth) primary decidedly shorter 

 than sixth; tarsus longer, very rarely less than 20, averaging 20.9; 

 tail relatively longer, averaging about 48.5; West Indian.' 

 /. Larger ( wing of adult male usually more than 60, averaging more than 

 61); pileum without a distinct patch of tawny, chestnut-tawny, or 

 chestnut, or else wing 62 or more, averaging 65.4. [Dmdroica 

 petechia. ) 

 g. Pileum without a distinct patch of orange-ochraceous or tawny, or 

 if pronouncedly thus colored the color not sharply defined nor 

 strongly contrasted laterally against the yellow of the superciliary 

 region; wing averaging not more than 65, usually much less. 

 h. Lighter, brighter, more yellowish olive-green above; the pileum 

 usually more or less tinged with yellow, ochraceous, or tawny, 

 sometimes mostly thus colored; yellowish wing-markings more 

 distinct, more decidedly yellow; yellow of under parts deeper. 

 i. Yellow of under parts less intense and chestnut streaks on chest 

 and sides narrower or fewer. 

 j. Wing longer (averaging 65) and bill smaller (exposed culmen 

 averaging 10.6). (Island of Jamaica; Haiti?). 



Dendroica petechia petechia, adult male (p. 515) 

 jj. Wing shorter (averaging 61.4) and bill larger (exposed culmen 

 averaging ll.I). (Island of Grand Cayman.) 



Dendroica petechia auricapilla, adult male (p. 517) 

 a. Yellow of under parts more intense, and chestnut streaks on 

 chest and sides heavier or more numerous. 

 j. Smaller (wing averaging 61, tail 47.9, exposed culmen 11, tarsus 

 20.5) ; chestnut streaks on chest and sides averaging narrower; 

 crf)wn more rarely tinged with ochraceous or tawny. (Baha- 

 mas.) Dendroica petechia flaviceps, adult male (p. 517) 



jj. Larger (wing averaging 62.3, tail 49.1, exposed culmen 11.3, 

 tarsus 21.3); chestnut streaks on chest and sides averaging 

 heavier; crown more often tinged with ochraceous or tawny. 

 (Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda, 

 Anegada, St. Croix, Anguilla, St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, 

 St. Christopher?, Barbuda, and Antigua. ) 



Dendroica petechia bartholemica, adult male (p. 518) 



hh. Darker and duller olive-green above, the pileum usually concolor 



with back, or nearly so (rarely distinctly tinged with yellow, 



" Except one form on Cozumel Island, Yucatan, and one from the Galapagos Archi- 

 pelago, Cocos Island, and contiguous coast of South America. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 501 



ochraceous, or tawny); yellowish wing-markings less distinct, 



more greenish; yellow of under parts paler. (Island of Cuba. ) 



Dendroica petechia gnndlaohi, adult male (p. 520) 



gg. Pileum with a distinct patch of tawny or rufous-chestnut, this sharply 



defined and very strongly contrasted laterally against the yellow 



of the superciliary region. 1 (Galapagos Archipelago; Cocos Island; 



coast of Ecuador and Peru?.) 



Dendroica petechia aureola, adult male (p. 521 ) 

 ff. Smaller (wing of adult male usually much less than 60, averaging less 

 than 59) ; pileum with a very distinct patch of tawny, rufous-chest- 

 nut, or chestnut. {Dendroica ruficapilla.) 

 g. Pileum tawny-ochraceous to deep tawny, the area thus colored not so 

 sharply defined. 

 h. Chest and sides more narrowly streaked with chestnut. (Islands 

 of Guadeloupe and Dominica. ) 



Dendroica ruficapilla ruficapilla, adult male (p. 523) 

 hh. Chest and sides much more heavily streaked with chestnut. 

 ;. Tawny of pileum deeper, covering forehead. (Island of Cozumel, 

 Yucatan.) ..Dendroica ruficapilla rufivertex, adult male (p. 524) 

 a. Tawny of pileum paler, becoming more yellowish or changing to 

 yellow on forehead. (Island of St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea.) 

 Dendroica ruficapilla flavida, adult male (p. 524) 

 gg. Pileum chestnut, the area thus colored sharply defined laterally and 

 posteriorly. 

 h. Pileum clear chestnut or rufous-chestnut; streaks on chest and sides 

 paler chestnut. (Island of Curasao, southern Caribbean Sea.) 

 Dendroica ruficapilla rufopileata, adult male (p. 525) 

 hh. Pileum dark chestnut or bay; streaks on chest and sides darker 

 chestnut. (Island of Barbados. ) 



Dendroica ruficapilla capitalis, adult male (p. 526) 

 dd. Chin, throat, and sides of head, aa well as pileum, chestnut or tawny. 

 e. Back, etc., darker olive-green; wing, tail, and tarsus shorter, bill longer 

 (wing 55.5-57, tail 40-43, tarsus 17-19, exposed culmen 11.5-12). (Island 

 of Myiarchusrtinique, Lesser Antilles. ) . .Dendroica rufigula, adult male (p. 526) 

 ee. Back, etc., lighter, more yellowish, olive-green; wing, tail, and tarsus 

 longer, bill shorter (wing not less than 60, tail not less than 45, tarsus 

 averaging 20 or more, exposed culmen 11). 

 /. Chest and sides heavily streaked with rufous-chestnut, the color of 

 throat not sharply defined posteriorly. (Isthmus of Panama and 

 Caribbean coast of Colombia; Veragua ?) 



Dendroica erithachorides, adult male (p. 527) 

 ff. Chest and sides very narrowly, if at all, streaked with dar'cer chest- 

 nut, the rufous-chestnut color of throat sharply defined posteriorly. 

 {Dendroica bryanti. ) 

 g. Head slightly lighter chestnut; chest and sides usually with more 

 numerous or broader streaks; wing averaging 65.5, tail 50. (Atlan- 

 tic coast of Central America, from Yucatan to Costa Rica. ) 



Dendroica bryanti bryanti, adult male (p. 529) 

 gg. Head slightly darker chestnut; chest and sides with fewer or nar- 

 rower streaks; wing averaging 63.2, tail 46.6. (Pacific coast of 



'Myiarchusles not in fully mature plumage have less of this color on the pileum, and are 

 consequently not easily to be distinguished from those fully adult males of the pre- 

 ceding West Indian fprms having the crown most highly colored. 




502 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Mexico and Central America, from Lower California and Sinaloa 



to Costa Rica. ) . .Dendroica bryanti caataneioeps, adult male (p. 530) 



cc. Under parts duller yellow, usually without streaks, very rarely distinctly 



streaked. (Adult females and young.') 



/)//. Sides of head, alone, or together with chin, throat, and chest, orange-tawny, 



the pileum olive-greenish or dusky grayish; chest and sides without streaks. 



(Jamaica. ) Dendroica eoa, adults (p. 531) 



iia. Inner webs of rectrices without any yellow. 

 b. Inner webs of lateral rectrices with a distinct patch or spot of white. 

 c. White on inner webs of rectrices on middle portion, present and of nearly 

 equal extent on all but middle pair. (Eastern United States and British 



Provinces. ) 



Dendroica maculosa (p. 532) 



cc. White on inner webs of rectrices on terminal or subterminal portion (or else 



occupying greater part of the web), present on not more than three or 



four (very rarely five) rectrices and greatly decreasing in extent from the 



outermost. 



d. Bill with tip acute, decurved ; sides of neck yellow, or else rump yellowish 



olive or olive-yellowish, much brighter than the plain grayish olive back. 



(Eastern North America; West Indies in winter.) 



Dendroica tigrina (p. 537) 

 dd. Bill with its tip not acute nor decurved; sides of neck not yellow; rump 

 not yellowish olive or olive-yellowish, different from color of back, or 

 else the latter streaked with darker. 

 e. Wing without light colored bands or edgings, but (usually) with a white 

 spot at base of primaries. (Dendroica cserulescens. ) 

 /. Upper parts dark grayish blue; sides of head, throat, and sides black; 

 rest of under parts white. 

 g. Back dark grayish blue, like rest of upper parts (rarely with slight 

 admixture of black). (Eastern North America, breeding from 

 mountains of Pennsylvania northward.) 



Dendroica csernlesoens csernlesoens, adult male (p. 541) 

 gg. Back mostly black or spotted or clouded with black. (Mountains 

 of North Carolina to southern Pennsylvania. ) 



Dendroica cserulescens cairnsi, adult male (p. 545) 

 ff. Above plain olive; under parts pale buffy or yellowish, shaded with 

 olive laterally. 

 g. Lighter and brighter olive above, more yellowish beneath. 



Dendroica caernleacens cserulescens, adult female (p. 541) 

 g. Darker and duller olive above, less yellowish beneath. 



Dendroica csernlescens cairnsi, adult female (p. 545) 

 ee. Wing with more or less distinct light-colored bands or edgings, or both, 

 but without a white spot at base of primaries. 

 /. White on inner web of lateral rectrices an extensive and well-defined 

 terminal or subterminal area, extending to shaft, this white spot dis- 

 tinct on at least two lateral rectrices; plumage more or less streaked, 

 either above or below, or else '' tail emarginate. 

 g. A yellow spot on rump and one on each side of breast. 

 h. Throatwhite (sometimes tinged with brownish); two to three lateral 

 rectrices with a subterminal white spot on inner web. (North 



' Owing to the very great range of individual variation in adult females and imma- 

 ture birds I find myself unable to devise a key to the different species and subspecies. 

 '' In D. mgorsii and its subspecies. 




BIKDS OF NORTS and MIDDLE AMERICA. 503 



America in general, chiefly eastward and northward; West Indies 



in winter.) Dendroica coronata (p. 546) 



hh. Throat yellow (rarely white or but faintly tinged with yellow in 

 immature females) ; four to five lateral rectrices with a white 

 subterminal spot on inner web. (Dendroica auduboni. ) 

 )'. Smaller (wing averaging 77.3 in male, 75.4 in female, tail 58.3 in 

 male, 56.7 in female); adult male with forehead, sides of head 

 and hack mostly gray, and black on chesi and sides of breast 

 leas extensive, more or less broken by whitish margins to 

 feathers; adult female less heavily streaked with black on upper 

 parts, sides, and flanks. (Western North America, south 

 into Mexico in winter. ) . .Dendroica auduboni auduboni (p. 551) 

 ii. Larger (wing averaging more than 80 in males, more than 76 in 

 females) ; adult male with forehead and sides of head black, 

 back mostly black, and black on chest and sides of head more 

 extensive, unbroken; adult females more heavily streaked on 

 upper parts, sides, and flanks. 

 j. Smaller (wing averaging 80.5, tail 62, in male); sides of occiput, 

 sides of neck, and hindneck gray streaked with black; white 

 nuchal spot and white spot on sides of lower throat smaller 

 or wanting. (Southern Arizona and northwestern Jlexico. ) 

 Dendroica auduboni nigrifrona, adult male (p. 555) 

 jj. Larger (wing 82.8, tail 66.3, in male); sides of occiput, sides 

 of neck, and hindneck uniform black; white nuchal npot and 

 white spots on sides of lower throat larger. ( Highlands of 

 Guatemala. ) . Dendroica auduboni goldmani, adult male (p. 556) 

 gg. No yellow spot on rump nor sides of breast. 

 /(. Throat and chest black or partly black. 

 I. Whole auricular region black, gray, or olive. 

 j. Back and rump gray; superciliary and malar stripes and breast 

 white. 

 k. Pileum, auricular and malar regions, throat, and chest black. 

 (Western United States.) 



Dendroica nigrescens, adult male (p. 556) 

 kk. Pileum streaked gray and black; auricular region gray; 

 throat and chest only partly black (otherwise white). 



Dendroica nigrescens, adult female (p. 557) 

 jj. Back and rump olive-green; superciliary and malar stripes and 



breast yellow. 

 k. Pileum, auricular region, throat, and chest black. (Western 

 North America, south to Guatemala in winter. ) 



Dendroica townsendi, adult male (p. 559) 

 kk. Pileum streaked black and olive-green; auricular region 

 olive-green; throat and chest only partly black (other- 

 wise yellow) . . -Dendroica townsendi, adult female (p. 560) 

 ii. Auricular region mostly yellow. 

 j. A black, dusky, or olive postocular streak; back and rump black 

 or oUve-green; black of chest extended laterally over sides of 

 breast; pileum plain olive-green, plain black, or streaked 

 olive-green and black. 

 k. Pileum and back plain olive-green; breast and abdomen yel- 

 lowish white or pale yellow. 

 l. Throat and chest uniform black. 



Dendroica virens, adult male (p. 562) 




504 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



U. Throat and chest only partly black. 



Deudroica virens, adult female (p. 562) 

 kk. Pileum and back plain black or streaked olive-green and 

 black; breast and abdomen pure white. 



I. Pileum and back uniform black; throat and chest uniform 



black. (Texas to Guatemala. ) 



Dendroica chrysoparia, adult male (p. 565) 



II. Pileum and back streaked olive-green and black; throat 



and chest (usually) only partly black. 



Dendroica chrysoparia, adult female 

 and immature male (p. 566) 

 jj. No black, dusky, or olive postocular streak, the sides of head 

 entirely yellow; back and rump gray, the former streaked 

 or spotted with black; black of chest with convex posterior 

 outline; pileum at least partly yellow. (Western United 

 States and British Columbia, south to Guatemala in winter.) 

 Dendroica occidentalis, adult male (p. 567) 

 hh. Throat without any black. 

 i. Wing with two distinct bands (across tips of middle and greater 

 coverts, respectively) of white, yellowish, or pale gray — or else 

 with these coalesced into a single large patch. 

 j. Upper parts light grayish blue. (Eastern United States; south 

 in winter to northern South America. ) 



Dendroica rara, adult male (p. 570) 

 jj. Upper parts not light grayish blue. 



k. A superciliary stripe of white, yellow, or buff. 



I. Throat white or pale olive-yellowish; sides of head without 



yellow.' 

 m. Back and auricular region greenish or bluish; no yellow 

 supraloral spot. 



Dendroica rara, adult female and 

 immature male (p. 570) 

 7nm. Back and auricular region brownish gray or grayish 

 brown; a small yellow supraloral spot. 



Dendroica nigrescens, immature female (p. 557) 



II. Throat yellow, orange, or buff, or else sides of head mostly 



yellow. 

 m. Sides of head mostly yellow; throat not wholly yellow, 

 orange, or buff. 

 n. Back olive-green; feathers of pileum dusky basally. 



Dendroica virens, immature female (p. 562) 

 nn. Back grayish; feathers of pileum yellow basally. 



Dendroica occidentalis, immature female (p. 568) 

 mm. Sides of head not mostly yellow; throat wholly yel- 

 low, orange, or buff. 

 n. Back neither gray nor plain grayish brown. 

 0. Back olive-green. 



Dendroica townsendi, immature female (p. 560) 

 00. Back not olive-green. 

 p. Back black with a whitish or yellowish stripe along 

 each side; throat orange. 



Dendroica blackburnise, adult male (p. 574) 

 pp. Back not black ; throat not orange. 



' Except, in D. nigrescens, a small supraloral spot. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 505 



q. Back streaked with black, pale yellowish (or 

 dull whitish) and olive; throat and chest yel- 

 low or pale orange. 



Sendroica blackburniae, adult female 



and immature male (p. 575) 



qq. Back light olive-brownish indistinctly streaked 



with dusky; throat and chest pale yellowish 



buff Dendroica blaokburniBe, immature 



female (p. 575) 

 nn. Back gray ( with or without black streaks) or plain 

 grayish ))rown. 

 0. Superciliary stripe white, extending to end of auric- , 

 ular region; sides of neck white; auricular region 

 mostly black. [Dendroica dominica. ) 

 p. Bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 13.8 in 

 male, 12,9 in female); superciliary stripe usually 

 yellow anteriorly. (Atlantic coast of United 

 States, chiefly south of New Jersey; Florida and 

 AVest Indies in winter. ) 



Dendroica dominica dominica, adults (p. 578) 

 pp. Bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging 11.9 

 in male, 11.7 in female); superciliary stripe 

 usually entirely white. (Myiarchusssissippi A'alley; 

 south in winter through Mexico to Nicaragua. ) 

 Dendroica dominica albilora, adults (p. 582) 

 00. Superciliary stripe yellow, extending but little, if 

 any, beyond eye; sides of neck and auricular 

 region gray. 

 p. Yellow of under parts extending no farther back- 

 ward than upper breast. ( Dendroica gracin: ) 

 q. Larger (wing averaging 65.1 in male, 61 in 

 female); superciliary stripe whitish at poste- 

 rior extremity; yellow of chest not invading 

 breast. (Northwestern Mexico to Arizona 

 and Colorado.) 



Dendroica gracise graciae, adults (p. 584) 

 qq. Smaller (wing averaging 57 in male); super- 

 ciliary stripe shorter, wholly yellow; yellow 

 of chest invading breast. (Southern Mexico 

 to southern Honduras.) 



Dendroica graciae decora, adults (p. 586) 

 pp. Yellow of under parts extending over breast and 

 abdomen. 

 q. Wing and tail shorter (averaging 54 and 42.3, 

 respectively, in male) ; superciliary stripe nar- 

 rower anteriorly, not encroaching on forehead; 

 less black on sides of crown; colors less in- 

 tense. (Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. ) 



Dendroica adelaidae, adults (p. 587) 

 qq. Wing and tail longer (averaging 56 and 51, 

 respectively, in male) ; superciliary stripe 

 broader anteriorly, occupying sides of fore- 

 head; more black on sides of crown; gray of 

 back, etc., clearer, and yellow of under perts. 




506 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



etc., more intense. (Santa Lucia, Lesser 

 Antilles. ) . -Dendroica delioata, adults (p. 588) 

 kk. No superciliary stripe of white, yellow, or buff.' 



I. Back more or less streaked (the streaks sometimes con- 



cealed); wing-bands white or pale yellow. 

 'III. Sides of crown (at least behind eyes) black. 

 )i. Sides chestnut; pileum not wholly black. 

 u. Crown olive-yellow; auricular region, throat, and 

 chest white. (Eastern North America, south in 

 winter to Bahamas and Isthmus of Panama.) 



Dendroica penaylvanica, adults (p. 589) 

 00. Crown chestnut; auricular region black; throat and 

 chest chestnut. (Eastern North America, south 

 in winter to Colombia.) 



Dendroica castanea, adult male (p. 592) 

 mi. Sides white, streaked with black; pileum wholly 

 black. (Northern and eastern North America, 

 south over most of South America in winter. ) 



Dendroica striata, adult male (p. 595) 

 mm. Sides of crown not black. 

 ,1. Under tail-coverts white. 

 0. Sides of head, sides, and flanks plain pale ish gray 

 (the flanks sometimes tinged with chestnut). 



Dendroica peusylvanica, immature (p. 589) 

 00. Sides of head, sides, and flanks light olive or else 

 distinctly streaked. 



Dendroica striata, immature (p. 596) 

 )/)). Under tail-co/erts pale buff. 



Dendroica castanea, adult female and immature (p. 592) 



II. Back plain olive-green, olive, or grayish olive; wing-bands 



pale gray or dull grayish white. {Dendroica vigorsii.) 

 III. Under parts with at least the anterior half yellow; a 

 yellow supraloral streak; upper parts olive-green. 

 n. Wing longer (averaging 72.9), bill and feet smaller 

 (exposed culmen averaging 10.9, tarsus 18.5, mid- 

 dle toe 12.7) ; yellow of under parts usually extended 

 over abdomen. (Eastern United States and more 

 southern British Provinces. ) 



Dendroica vigorsii vigorsii, adult male (p. 599) 

 nn. Wing shorter (averaging not more than 70) , bill and 

 feet larger (exposed culmen averaging 12 or more, 

 tarsus 18.9 or more, middle toe 13.4 or more); yel- 

 low of under parts confined to anterior half. 

 0. Smaller (wing averaging 65.9, tail 54.2, exposed cul- 

 men 12, tarsus 18.9), and duller in color. (Island 

 of New Providence, Bahamas. ) 



Dendroica vigorsii achrustera, adult male (p. 602) 

 00. Larger (wing 70, tail 57, exposed culmen 13.5, tar- 

 sus 20), and brighter colored. (Island of Abaco, 

 Bahamas. ) 



Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis, adult male (p. 603) 

 mm. Under parts dull pale grayish, usually tinged with 



'Sometimes (in D. vigorsii and its subspecies) there is a rather distinct yellow 

 supraloral line. 




BIKDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 507 



yellow on chest (rarely with anterior half pale yel- 

 low); no yellow supraloral line; upper parts dull 

 olive or grayish olive. 

 n. Wing longer (averaging 68.4), bill and feet smaller 

 (exposed culmen averaging 10.6, tarsus 18.2, middle 

 toe 12.4). 



Dendroica vigorsii vigorsii, adult female (p. 599) 

 nn. Wing shorter (averaging 62.5), bill and feet larger 

 (exposed culmen averaging 12.2, tarsus 19.2, mid- 

 dle toe 13.2). 



Dendroica vigorsii achrnstera, adult female (p. 602) 

 il Wings with not more than one distinct band, this (if present) 

 across tips of middle coverts, and yellowish. 

 j. Back streaked with black; a whitish orbital ring (interrupted 

 anteriorly); tarsus 21 to 23. (Eastern United States; Baha- 

 mas in winter. ) Dendroica kirtlandii, adults (p. 608) 



jj. Back not streaked with black; no whitish orbital ring; tarsus 

 less than 21. 

 k. Upper parts plain gray, becoming olive-green on forehead 

 and crown; under parts, except throat and chest, grayish 

 white. {Dendroica pity ophila.) 



I. Gray of upper parts lighter; forehead and crown yellowish 



olive-green. ( Cuba. ) 



Dendroica pityophila pityophila, adults (p. 605) 



II. Gray of upper parts darker; forehead and crown "green- 



ish-yellow, showing light yellow at base of upper mandi- 

 ble." (Abaco and Great Bahama islands, Bahamas. ) 

 Dendroica pityophila bahamensis, adults (p. 606) 

 kk. Upper parts not gray; under parts not grayish white. 

 /. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts tipped with yellow or pale yellowish 

 gray, forming a distinct band; pileum plain olive-green. 

 m. Sides and flanks streaked with black or dusky. 

 n. Back spotted with chestnut; sides of head with black 

 markings; under parts rich yellow, with broad 

 black streaks on sides. (Eastern United States; 

 West Indies in winter.) 



Dendroica discolor, adult male (p. 607) 

 nn. Back plain dull olive-green, or with only faint indi- 

 cations of chestnut; sides of head with indistinct 

 grayish or dusky markings; under parts dull or 

 pale yellow, with grayish streaks on sides. 



Dendroica discolor, adult female (p. 607) 

 mm. Sides and flanks not streaked. 

 n. Above plain bright olive-green, beneath rich yellow. 

 (Islands of Grand Cayman and Swan Island, Carib- 

 bean Sea. ) Dendroica vitellina, adults (p. 610) 



nn. Above dull olive-green (sometimes partly gray), 

 beneath pale yellow. 



Dendroica vitellina, immature (p. 611) 

 II. Myiarchusddle wing-coverts not tipped with yellow or pale yel- 

 lowish gray ; ^ pileum not plain olive green. ( Dendroica 

 palmarum. ) 



' The middle wing-coverts have a more or less distinct terminal margin of grayish, 

 but there is no approximation to a distinct bar. 




508 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



m. Crown chestnut. 

 n. Under parts of body partly whitish; smaller (wing 

 averaging 64.5 in male, 60.7 in female). (Myiarchusssis- 

 sippi Valley and interior British Provinces; through 

 Gulf States to West Indies in winter. ) 



Deudroica palmarnm palmarum, adults (p. 612) 

 nn. Under parts entirely yellow; larger (wing averaging 

 67.1 in male, 64.1 in female). (Atlantic States 

 and eastern British Provinces, south in winter to 

 northern Florida and through Gulf States to 

 Louisiana. ) 

 Dendroica palmamm hypocliTysea, adults (p. 615) 

 mm. Crown olive-grayish, streaked with dusky. 

 »). Under parts mostly dull whitish; smaller. 



Dendroica palmarnm palmarum, immature (p. 612) 

 nn. Under parts entirely yellow; larger. 



Dendroica palmarnm hypochrysea, immature (p.615) 



ff. White .spot on inner web of lateral rectrices small, not extending to 



shaft. 



(J. Above plain slate, relieved by a white superciliary streak and two 



white wing-bars; beneath white medially, slate-gray laterally. 



(Islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe, Lesser Antiles.) 



Dendroica plnmbea, adults (p. 617) 

 gq. Above plain olive, with superciliary streak and wing-bars pale olive- 

 yellowish or yellowish white; beneath pale olive-yellowish medi- 

 ally, pale olive laterally Dendroica plambea, immature (p. 617) 



hh. Inner webs of lateral rectrices without white spots.' 

 I . Pileum and back streaked with black and whitish; beneath white marked 

 (except on abdomen and under tail-coverts) with wedge-shaped streaks of 



black. (Jamaica. ) Dendroica pharetra, adults (p. 618) 



cc. Pileum and back plain olive; beneath pale olive-yellowish, obsoletely 

 streaked, anteriorly and laterally, with pale olive. 



Dendroica pharetra, immature (p. 618) 



DENDROICA .ffiSTIVA .ffiiSTIVA (Gmelin). 



YELLOW WARBLEE. 



Adult male. — General color above clear yellowish olive-green, the 

 pileum more yellowish, usually clear yellov.' on forehead and at least 

 anterior portion of crown, often tinged with orange-tawny; upper 

 tail-coverts edged with yellow; back sometimes streaked with chest- 

 nut; wings and tail dusky, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped 

 with yellow, the greater wing-coverts and tertials broadly edged with 

 the same; remiges (except tertials) more narrowly edged with yellow- 

 ish olive-green; inner webs of rectrices yellow, tipped with dusky; 

 sides of head and under parts clear rich yellow, the chest, sides, and 

 flanks streaked with chestnut; bill blackish (in dried skins) with paler 

 tomia; iris brown; legs and feet light brownish (in dried skins); length 

 (.skins), 100-125 (111.5); wing, 60-71 (62.5); tail, 42-53 (44.4); exposed 

 culmen, 10-11 (10.1); tarsus, 17-20 (18.6); middle toe, 10-12 (11).' 



'There is a more or less distinct white terminal mar^n, but no approach to the 

 form of a spot. 

 ^ Thirty-two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



509 



Adult female. — Above plain yellowish olive-green (usually darker 

 than in adult male), the pileum concolor with the back, or at least not 

 distinctly more yellowish; wings and tail as in adult male, but tips of 

 middle wing-coverts and broad edgings of greater coverts and second- 

 aries less purely yellow, usually yellowish olive-green; under parts 

 paler and duller yellow than in adult male, usually without streaks, 

 but sometimes with a few, usually indistinct, chestnut streaks on chest 

 and sides; length (skins), 102-llJ (108.7); wing, 57-68 (59.6); tail, 

 39^5 (42.2); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10); tarsus, 17-20 (18.6); middle 

 toe, 10-12 (10.8).' 



Young tnale in first OMtumn. — Very similar in coloration to adult 

 females. 



Young female in first autumn. — Similav to duller colored adult 

 females, but duller olive-green above and with under parts dull olive- 

 whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, the under tail-coverts pale yellow. 



Young {nestling). — Above brownish gray or pale grayish brown; 

 wings dusky, the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with pale 

 yellowish, forming two distinct bands, the greater and primary coverts 

 edged with light olive, the remiges more narrowly and sharply edged 

 with yellowish white; orbital ring, chin, throat, chest, and anterior 

 portion of sides pale buffy grayish, the remaining under parts white, 

 tinged on flanks with pale buff. 



North America in general, except Alaska and north Pacific coast from 

 Vancouver Island northward, and southwestern United States (western 

 Texas to Arizona) ; migrating southward in winter through eastern,Mex- 

 ico and Central America to Colombia (Turbo, Santa Myiarchusrta, Ocana, 

 Bogota, etc.), Ecuador (Esmeraldas, La Concepcion, Valle del Chota, 

 etc.), Venezuela (Carupano, Lake of Valencia, etc.), northern Brazil 



' Seventeen specimens. 



I am not able to make out satisfactorily a western form [D. ee. morcomi Coale). 

 Western specimens seem, as a rule, to have shorter wings and longer tail than eastern 

 examples, and adult males are often much leas heavily streaked beneath; but the 

 differences appear much too inconstant to justify recognition of a western subspecies. 

 Average measurements are as follows: 




510 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Forte do S. Joaquim, Kio Taoutu, etc.), Trinidad, and Grenada (one 

 specimen, November 14, 1882, in U. S. National Myiarchusseum collection). 

 No certain record from West Indies, except Grenada, but doubtfully 

 expedited to Bahamas and Cuba. 



MntriciUit, canadensis (not of Linnaeus) Boddabet, Tabl. PI. EnL, 1783, 4 (baaed 

 on Figuier de Canada Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 58, flg. 2). 



[Moiacilki] lestiva Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 996 (based on Mguier de 

 Canada Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 58, fig. 2).— Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn. 1831, 418. 



ISijlvia] sestiva Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 551. 



Sylria sestiva Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 35, pi. 95; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., xi, 1817, 225; Enc. M^th., ii, 1823, 429.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., 

 X, 1817, 750.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 83.— Audubon, Orn. 

 Biog., i, 1831, 476, pi. 95.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. TJ. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 

 370. — Lbmbeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, pi. 6, fig. 3 (not the text, 

 which = D. gundlachi Baird). 



Sylria cestivaTowfss^TiD, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 153 (Columbia R.). 



Sylricola lesiiva Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 211.— 

 Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 258. — Bonaparte, Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 23. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 57, 58; Birds Am., oct. ed., 

 ii, 1841, 50, pi. 88.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed. i, 1840, 

 417. — Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Exp. Zuni and Colorado R., 1853, 70 

 (Texas and Indian Territory.) — Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fur Orn., vi, 1858, 114 

 (upper Myiarchusssouri R.). — Finsoh, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 564 (Trinidad). 



Mliiiotilta'] sestiva Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



\_Myiarchusiiiitilta'\ lestiva Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3475. 



Mniolilta sestiva Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 176. 



li[liimanphus'] aestimis Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 19 (Venezuela; North Am.). 



[Rhiynamphus'] sestiva Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 311. 



Rhiiimmphus sestivus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 143 (Bogota, Oolom- 

 l)ia) ; 1856, 141 (David, Chiriqui) ; 1857, 202 (Jalapa and San Andres Tuxtla, 

 Vera Cruz). — Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn. 1860, 326 (Costa Rica). 



Dciidroica sestiva Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 282, part; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 203, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 195, part.— Hebrmann, 

 Eep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 40 (California).— Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., xi, 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 vii, 1859, 21 (descr. nests) . — SALviNand Sclater, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— 

 Cooper and Suckley, Rep. Pacific R. B. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 181 (Wash- 

 ington and Oregon).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 191, 192 

 (Turbo, n. Colombia). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Forksof Saskatchewan).— 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui), 180 (Grey- 

 town, Nicaragua); viii, 1866, 284 (New York City).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1869, 293 (San Jos6, Costa Rica).— Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. 

 H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, etc., winter).— Holden, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,xv, 

 1872, 197 (Wyoming).— RiDQWAY, Bull. Essex Inst., v., 1873, 180 (Colorado); 

 Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 137.— Merriam, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, for 1872 

 (1873), 675, 705, 713 (Ogden, etc., Utah) .—Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 222, part, pi. 14, fig. 1.— Yarkow and Henshaw, 

 Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 10 (Provo, Utah).— Henshaw, Eep. 

 Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 41 (Utah), 58 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy), 

 74 (For-t Garland, Colorado; descr. nests), 102 (New Mexico); Zool. Exp. 

 W. 100th Merid., 1875, i92 (Nevada; Utah; Colorado).— Turner, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 237 (Fort George, Hudson Bay).— American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 652, part.— Cory, Auk, iii, 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 511 



1886, 29 (Cuba ?; Bahamas ?); Birds W. I., 1889, 43; Cat. W. I. Binls, 1892, 

 123.— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchus.s., ix, 1886, 137 (Chietla, Puebla, 

 Dec.).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 244 (dates of migr., etc.).— 

 ScoTr, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, breeding). — Cherrie, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 335 (San Jose, Costa Rica, winter, and until Myiarchusy 11); viii, 

 1891, 279, part only? (Costa Rica; remarks on plumage). — Palmer (W. ), 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 265 (St. Johns, Newfoundland).— Merriam, 

 N. Am. Fauna, no. 5, 1891, 105 (Idaho).— (?) Myiarchuscfarlane, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 444, part (entire wooded region of Arctic North America). — 

 Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H.,iv, 1892, 51 (Carupano, Venezuela, Nov.); xiii, 

 1900, 177 (Bonda, Prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Aug. 27 to Jan. 31); Auk, 

 xvii, 1900, 366 (do.).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484, part 

 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Aug. 9 to late in Feb.). — Neheling, Our Native 

 Birds, etc., i, 1893, 198, pi. 15, fig. 1.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 

 1894, 24 (Trinidad).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa 

 Myiarchusrta, Colombia). — Grinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 (Los 

 Angeles Co., California, summer resid.). — Merrill, Auk, xv, 1898, 18 (Fort 

 Sherman, Idaho).— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat., 1897-99 (1900), 112 

 (Louisiana, breeding). 



Dendrcsca seativa Sclatbr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 

 1864, 172 (near City of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32 (Esmeraldas, w. 

 Ecuador; Cayenne; Trinidad; Colombia). — Lawrence, Am. Lye. N. Y.,vii, 

 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.) ; ix, 1868, 94 (San Jose, Costa Rica); ix, 1869,200 

 (Merida, Yucatan). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 63 (interior British America). — 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R. ) ; 1869, 

 251 (Lake Valencia, Venezuela); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras); 1879, 

 494.— Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad).— Cot-ss, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 70, part; 2d ed., 

 1882, no. Ill, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 54, part, 232 (Colorado, up to 6,500 

 ft); Birds Col. Val., 1878, 252, part— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 136 (Bugabd, Cordillera del Chucu, Chitra, Calobre, Calovevora, and Santa 

 F6, Veragua); 1870, 183 (Veragua); Ibis, 1888, 247 (Holbox and Myiarchusgeres 

 islands, Yucatan; Ruatan I., Honduras). — Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 87. — 

 Wyatt, Ibia, 1871, 322 (Ocafia, Colombia).— Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 71 

 (Forte do S. Joaquim, Rio Tacutu, n. Brazil). — Allen, Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 

 265, 345, in text (near Denver, Colorado), 396, in text (Salt Lake Valley, 

 Utah); Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175 (e. Kansas; Denver, etc., 

 Colorado; Cheyenne, Wyoming; Ogden, Utah); Proc. Bost Soc. N. H., 

 xvii, 1874, 52 (Upper Myiarchusssouri and Yellowstone rivers). — Lawrence, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no 4, 1876, 15 (Barrio, Chihuitan, and Santa Efigenia, 

 Oaxaca; Guichicovi, Chiapas). — Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 431 

 (Sacramento, California; localities in Nevada and Utah); Norn. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 93, part.— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San 

 Jose, Costa Rica, Jan., Myiarchusr.).— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 

 404 (Calaveras Co., California).— Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 56 (Baha- 

 mas?).— Salvin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 124, part; 

 Ibis, 1880, 117 (Myiarchusnca, Colombia, 2,000 ft alt).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat 

 Myiarchuss., V, 1883, 499 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, Myiarchusr.).— Bicknbll, Auk, i, 1884, 

 212 (song).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 273, 644, part. 



\_Dendrceca\ xsliva CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 97, part.— Sclater and Sal- 

 vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 



D[_endrma:\ xsliva Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 298, part. 



Dendroeca icstiva Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 606 

 (monogr.). 




512 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Sjilrla'] caroUncnm Latham, Index Om., ii, 1790, 551 (= young; based on Fiijuier 

 de la Caroline Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 58, fig. 1). 



lMotacilla~\ carolinensis TvRiOi^, Syst. Nat., i, 1806, 615/ 



Mniotilla ? carolinends Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



Sylvia flava Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 31, pi. 89 (=female; U. S. during 

 migrations); Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat, xi, 1817, 195; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 

 455.— Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 



Sylvia cUrinella Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 111, pi. 15, fig. 6 ("fig. 5" in text; 

 e. Pennsylvania; coll.'PealeMyiarchuss.).— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 iv, 1824, 190. 



(1) lihimamphus citrinus Rafinesque, Journ. de Phys., Ixxxviii, 1819, 417 (Ken- 

 tucky) . 



Sylvia childrenii Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 180, pi. 35 (near Jackson, Louisi- 

 ana). 



Sylvia childreni Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. TJ. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 370. 



Sylvia rathbcmia AvDVBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 333, pi. 65 (Myiarchusssissippi?). 



Sylvicola rathbonia Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bona- 

 parte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. — Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 447. 



Sylvicola rathbonii AxiDVBON, Synopsis, 1839, 58; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841,53, 

 pi. 89. 



M[niotilta'} ratKbonia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



IRJdmamphvs] rathbonia Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 311. 



" Rhimamphus chryseolus Bp. 'Bull. Soc. Linn. Caen., ii, 1831, 32 (Cayenne).'" 



Sylvia trochihis (not of Scopoli, 1769, ex MotacUla trochilus Linnaeus) Nuttall, 

 Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 406. 



Bendroica leativa morcomi Coale, Bull. Ridgway Orn. Club, no. 2, Apr., 1887, 82 

 (Fort Bridger, Wyoming; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1887, 593, part.— Merrill, Auk, v, 1888, 361 (Fort Klamath, Oregon). 



Dlendroica] wsliva morcomi Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 494, part. 



(?) Dendroeca marcomi Salvadoei and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 

 1899, 8 (La Concepcion and Valle del Chota, centr. Ecuador, Apr.). 



Dendroica petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 ix, 1886, 611 (Grenada). 



DENDROICA ESTIVA SONORANA Brewster. 



SONOBAir YELLOW WARBLER, 



Similar to D. ce. cestiva, but much paler; adult male lighter and 

 much more yellowish olive-green above, the back frequently (usually?) 

 streaked with chestnut, pileum usually wholly clear yellow, lower 

 rump and upper tail-coverts yellow, faintly streaked with olive-green- 

 ish; wing-edgings all yellow; under parts lighter yellow than in D. m. 

 cestiva, and with chest and sides much more narrowly (often faintly) 

 streaked with chestnut; adult female conspicuously paler than in 

 D. (B. (estiva, the upper parts often largely pale grayish, the under parts 

 usually very pale buffy yellow. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 107-121 (113.3); wing, 59-66 (63.3); 

 tail, 45-56 (47.9); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.3); tarsus, 18-20(19.1); 

 middle toe, 10-12 (10.9).' 



'Thirteen specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 513 



Addt female.— Length (skins), 110-116 (113.2); wing, 57-61 (58.6); 

 tail, 42-45 (43.2); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 18.5-19 (19); middle 

 toe, 9.5-10.5 (10).' 



Western Texas (Frontera, Fort Hancock, etc.), southern New Mex- 

 ico, souttiern Arizona, and southward into Chihuahua, Sonora, and 

 other parts of northwestern Mexico; in winter, southward to Guate- 

 mala (Naranjo), Nicaragua (Greytown), etc. 



(?) Si/lvicola sestiva (not Moiacilla sesiiva Gmelin?) Henky, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (New Mexico). 



Dmdroica lestiva (not Motacilla sestiva Gmelin) Baied, Rep. Pacific E. R. Surv., 

 ix, 1858, 282, part (Frontera, Texas); Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, 

 pt. ii, 1859, 10 (Frontera) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 203, part; Review Am. 

 Birds, 1865, 195, part (Myiarchuszatlan; Colima).—(?) Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— (?) Butcher, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 XX, 1868, 149 (Laredo, Texas). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 222, part.— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 

 (Myiarchuszatlan; Colima).— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, wi, 1882, 137 

 (Chiricahua Mts. , Arizona). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 

 1886, no. 652, part.— Richmond, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484, part 

 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, winter) . 



[Dendroeca] xstiva Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 83 (Camp Grant, 

 Arizona). 



[Dendr(eca] lesliva CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 97, part. 



Dendrceca sestiva ConBS, Ibis, 1865, 159, in text (Los Pifios, New Mexico); Check 

 List, 1873, no. 70, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. Ill, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 54, 

 part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 252, part.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 93, part.— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Myiarchuszatlan; 

 Colima). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, i, 1880, 124, part. — 

 Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 93, part.— (?) Sharps, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 644, part (Presidio, near Myiarchuszatlan, Mexico). 



Dlendrceca] sestiva Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 298, part. 



D[endroica'] sestiva morcomi (not of Coale) Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 

 494, part. 



Dendroica sestiva {morcomi . . J Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (CataUna Mts., s. Ari- 

 zona, breeding up to 4,500 ft.).— Allen, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Catalina Mts.; 

 crit. ). 



Dendroica sestiva morcomi Nelson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 56 (Tres Myiarchusrias 

 Islands, Myiarchusy). 



Dendroica sestiva sonorana Brewster, Auk, v, Apr., 1888, 137 (Oposura, Sonora, 

 Mexico; coll. W. Brewster) .-Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 777 

 (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Aug. 19).— American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 652o.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 

 608.— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., v, 1893, 40 (Bisbee, s. e. Arizona; San 

 Diego, Chihuahua). 



DENDROICA yESTIVA DUGESI (Coale). 



DTJGES' YELLOW WARBLER, 



Similar to B. w. sonorana, but decidedly larger; adult male without 

 streaks on back^ and adult female duller, more grayish in color. 



'Nine specimens. 



''Only three specimens having been examined, this character may prove inconstant. 



3654— VOL 2—01 33 




514 PULLETIN 50, UWITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Aakat /yia^e.— Length (skins), 119-137 (138); wing, 66-71 (68); tail, 

 50-56 (53); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 20; middle toe, 11-12 

 (11.3)/ 



Achdt female.— 'h^xigiYi (skins), 111-117 (114.6); wing, 62-66 (64.3); 

 tail, 48-50 (48.6); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 20; middle toe, 11.' 



Central Mexico, in States of Guanajuato (Moro Leon), Tlaxcala 

 (Apixaco), Myiarchuschoacan (Patzcuaro), and Morelos (Cuernavaca). 



Dendroica dugesi Coalb, Bull. Ridgway Orn. Club, no. 2, Apr., 1887, 83 (Moro 



Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 D\_endroica\ dugesi Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 495. 



DENDROICA >ESTIVA RUBIGINOSA (Pallas). 

 ALASKAN YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. m. mstiva, but slightly smaller and much duller in 

 color. Adult male darker and duller olive-green above, the pileum 

 concolor with the back or else becoming slightly more yellowish on 

 forehead (very rarely distinctly yellowish on forehead and fore part 

 of crown) ; wing-edgings less conspicuous, mostly yellowish olive-green, 

 sometimes inclining to yellow on greater coverts. Adult female darker 

 and duller olive-greenish above, duller yellow below. 



Adult v/iafe— Length (skins), 102-113 (108.6); wing, 61-63 (61.9); 

 tail, 40-46 (43.1); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 17-19 (18); middle toe, 

 11.= 



Ad/idt female.— Length, (skins), 99-110 (106); wing, 57-62 (59.2); tail, 

 41-44 (43.2); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 17-19 (18); middle toe, 10-11 

 (10.8).» 



Alaska in general, both along the coast and throughout interior, and 

 , southward to Vancouver Island; migrating southward to southern 

 California, central Texas, and Nicaragua. 



Motacilla rubiginosa Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. , i, 1826, 496 (Kadiak Island, 

 Alaska). 



Dendroica lesiiin rubiginosa Oberholsee, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 76 (synonymy; 

 descr. ; crit. ). — American Ornithologists' Union Committee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 

 123. — Grinnell, Auk, xv, 1898, 129 (Sitka). — Nelson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 

 14, 1899, 56 (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, Myiarchusy).— Bishop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 19, 

 1900, 89 (Bennett, Caribou Crossing, etc., Alaska). — Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, 

 no. 21, 1901, 49 (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). 



Dendroica ."estiva (not Motacilla lestiva Gmelin) Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chi- 

 cago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 278 (Fort Yukon, St. Myiarchuschaels, etc., Alaska).— Ball, 

 Am. Nat., iv, 1870, 600.— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 222, part (Kadiak; Fort Yukon).— Turner, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 

 1886, 178.— TowNSEND, Cruise "Corwin" in 1885 (1887), 94 (Kowak E., 

 Alaska); Auk, iv, 1887, 14 (Kowak R.).— Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. 

 Alaska, 1887, 201.— (?) Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.i 1893, 54, part 

 (coast British Columbia).— Ridgway, Proc. U, S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 664 

 (Myiarchusddleton I., Alaska). 



' Three specimens. " Ten specimens. 'Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 515 



D[mdroica] mstiva Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 494, part (Alaska). 



Bendroeca sestiva Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.). — Nelson, Cruise "Cor- 

 win" in 1881 (1883), 63 (Norton and Kotzebue sounds, Alaska) .—Bean, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 147 (Kadiak).— Beldino, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss.jV, 1883, 536 (La Paz, Lower California, winter). — MyiarchusLenbgan, Cruise 

 "Corwin," 1884, 114 (Kowak E. and Hotham Inlet, Alaska, breeding). 



DENDROICA PETECHIA PETECHIA (Linnaeus). 

 JAMAICAN YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. cestiva cestiva, but larger, especiallj' the bill and feet; 

 wing more rounded, the outermost (ninth) primary decidedly shorter 

 than sixth, instead of longer; lateral rectiices with more of dusky at 

 tips and along outer side of shaft; yellow of under parts averaging 

 deeper or richer. 



Adult male.- -Above bright yellowish olive-green (about the same as 

 in D. cestiva cestiva), the forehead and crown more yellowish or (usu- 

 ally?) more or less tinged (often strongly so) with orange-ochraceous, 

 but never with a sharply defined patch of this color; rump slightly 

 more yellowish than back; greater wing-co\erts and remiges dull 

 slate-blackish, edged with yellowish olive-green, these edgings broader 

 and decidedl}' yellow on greater coverts and tertials; middle wing-cov- 

 erts broadly tipped with yellow; middle pair of rectrices and outer 

 webs of other rectrices dusky olive, the outermost narrowly' edged 

 with yellow; inner webs of three outer rectrices yellow to the shaft, 

 the next yellow very nearly to the shaft, the fifth with marginal half 

 or more yellow — those with most yellow having a wedge-shaped termi- 

 nal space of dusky; sides of head (including lores and superciliary 

 region) and entire under parts rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the chest 

 and sides streaked with cinnamon-rufous or light reddish chestnut; 

 maxilla dusky with paler tomia; mandible more grayish (pale bluish 

 gray in life?); iris brown; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins); 

 length (skins), 110-127 (118.5); wing, 64-66 (65); tail, 48-63 (50.3); 

 exposed culmen, 9-11 (10.6); tarsus, 20-22 (20.5); middle toe, 11-12 

 (11.1).' 



Adult female. — Above (including pileum) dull yellowish olive- 

 green, more or less tinged with gray, especially on back and scapu- 

 lars; greater wing-coverts and remiges grayish duskj' with light 

 jellowish olive-green or 3'ellowish gray edgings, these broadest on 

 greater coverts and tei',tia]s, narrower on secondaries and primaries; 



'Six specimens, from Jamaica. A single adult male from Haiti measures as fol- 

 lows: Wing, 63; tail, 46; exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 21; middle toe, 12. In colora- 

 tion this Haitian specimen agrees in the main very closely with Jamaican examples, 

 but has the forehead and crown olive-}'ellow with a mere trace of orange-ochraceous, 

 and the dusky color of the remiges and middle rectrices is not so dark. It is possible 

 that a series from Haiti might show constant differences, thus requiring separation 

 of the birds from that island from those of Jamaica. 




516 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with dull yellowish olive-green; 

 tail as in adult male, but yellow of inner webs of rectrices paler and 

 more restricted; sides of head (including lores and orbital ring) and 

 under parts pale yellow (straw yellow or naples yellow), tinged on sides 

 with olive-green, the lower abdomen paler, sometimes nearly white 

 bill and feet as in adult male, but mandible paler and more brownish 

 length (skins), 112-130 (119. T); wing, 59-62 (60.4); tail, 47-50 (48.4) 

 exposed culmen, 10.5-11 (10.9); tarsus, 20-22 (21.2); middle toe, 11- 

 13 (12).' 



[Myiarchusny adult females of this form have the yellow of under parts 

 partly replaced by white, and the olive-green of upper parts partly 

 replaced by gray, especially on sides of head and neck, hindneck, and 

 scapulars. There is nothing to indicate that these are younger birds, 

 and I believe that the variation is simply an individual one.] 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles; island of Haiti? 



[Moiacilla] petechia LiKtixvs, Syst. Nat, ed. 12, 1766, 334 (based on The Yellow 



Red-poll, Avicula lutea vertice rubro, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., v, 99, pi. 



256, fig. 1).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 983. 

 Moladlla petechia Lesson, Traits d'Orn., i, 1831, 418. 

 \_Sylma'\ petechia Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 535. 

 Sylvia petechia Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 32, pi. 91; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 



Nat. xi, 1817, 228; Enc. M6th. ii, 1823, 443. 

 M\niotilta\ petechia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [MniotiUa'] petechia Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3496. 

 Dendreeca petechia Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 71 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. 



Birds, 1862, 32, part (Jamaica).— Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, footnote 



(synonymy).— Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 57.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 



Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 277, 644 (excl. loc. Bahamas). 

 [Dendraca} petechia Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part.— Cory, 



List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 

 DlendrcecaJ petechia Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106. 

 Dendroica petechia Myiarchusrch, Proc' Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 292 (Jamaica).— 



Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 199 (Jamaica).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 29, 



part (Jamaica); Birds W. I., 1889, 43, part; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 118, 



part (Jamaica). 

 D[endroica'\ petechia Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 495, part (Jamaica). 

 [Dendroica petechia] var. petechia Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 217, part (.Jamaica; Haiti?). 

 IDendroica petechial a. petechia Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 349. 

 Sylvicola xstiva (not Motacilla .-estiva Gmelin) Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 157. 

 [Dendroeca petechia'] e. jamaicensis Sundkvall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 608 (monogr.). 

 (?) [Motaeilla] albicoUis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 983 (Santo Domingo; 



based on Le Piguier de S. Domingue, Ficedula dominicensis Brisson, Orn., iii, 



494, pi. 26, fig. 5) . 

 (?) [Sylvia] albicoUis Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 535. 

 (?) Sylvia albicolis Vibillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 221. 



' Six specimens, from Jamaica. 




BIRBS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 517 



(?) [Motacilla] chloroleuca Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 984 (Santo Domingo; 



baaed on Petit Figuier de S. Domingue, Myiarchusedula dominicensis minor Brisson, 



Orn., iii, 496, pi. 26, flg. 2). 

 (?) [Sylvia] chloroleuca Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 984. 

 (?) Sylvia chloroleuca Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 704. — Vieillot, Nouv. 



Diet. d'Hist. Nat, xi, 1817, 195. 



DENDROICA PETECHIA AURICAPILLA Ridgway. 

 GRAND CAYMAN YEILOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. p. petechia^ but with decidedly shorter wing and larger 

 bill and feet. (Adult female sometimes partly gray above and whitish 

 below, as in D. p. petechia.) 



Admit ma^e.— Length (skins), 109-126 (119.9); wing, 58-64 (61.4); 

 tail, 48.5-51 (49.6); exposed culmen, 11-11.5(11.1); tarsus, 20-22 (21); 

 middle toe, 11-12 (11.4).^ 



Adult female.— \jiiVig\h. (skins), 110-120 (116.6); wing, 59-61 (60); 

 tail, 46-49 (47); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 20-21 (20.6); middle toe, 

 11-12 (11.3).' 



Island of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea (south of Cuba). 



Dendroica petechia gundlachi (not Dendroica gundlachi Baird) Cory, Auk, iii, 



1886, 501 (Grand Cayman). 

 Dendroica auricapilla Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, aig. 36, Aug. 6, 1888, 



572 (Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ; ex Townsend, 



manuscript). 

 Dendroica aurocapilla Ooey, Auk, vi, 1889, 31 (Grand Cayman); Birds W. I., 



1889, 287 (Grand Cayman); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 129, 155 (Grand 



Cayman). 



DENDROICA PETECHIA FLAVICEPS Chapman. 

 BAHABLA YELLOW WARBLER, 



Similar to D. p. petechia, but yellow of under parts more intense, 

 and chestnut streaks on chest and sides heavier or more numerous; 

 crown more rarely tinged with ochraceous or tawny. (Intermediate 

 in coloration between D. p. petechia and D. p. hartholemdca, but 

 much nearer the latter, from which some specimens are hardly distin- 

 guishable. The adult female is sometimes partly gray above and 

 whitish below, as in the former.) 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 112-123 (118.7); wing, 60-64 (61); 

 tail, 44-50 (47.9); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11); tarsus, 20-22 (20.6); 

 middle toe, 11-13(11.8).' 



'Nine specimens. ' Three specimens. 'Twenty specimens. 




518 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult female.— hength (skins), 108-119 (114.9); wing, 56-60 (57.6); 

 tail, 43-47 (45.3); exposed culmen, 10-13 (11); tarsus, 19-22 (21); 

 middle toe, 10-12 (11).' 



Bahama Islands. 



(?) Sylvicola sestiva (not Moladlla gestiva Gmelin) Bryant, Proc. Boat. Soc. N. H., 

 vii, 1866, 67 (Bahamas). 



Sylvicola petechia (not Moladlla petechia Linnaeus) Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. 

 N. H., xi, 1867, 67 (Bahamas). 



Dendroica petechia (not Dendrceca petechia Sclater) Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 

 1887, 495, part (Bahamas). 



[Dendroica petechia'] var. gundlachi (not Dendroica gundlachi Baird) Baird, 

 Bebwer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 216, part (Bahamas). 



Dendrmca petechia gundlachi CouBS, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, part (Bahamas). 



Dendraca petechia var. gundlachi Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 58. 



[Dendroica petechia] /J. gundlachi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. viii, 1885, 349, 

 part (Bahamas) . 



[Dendrceca] petechia gundlachi Cory, List. Birds W. I., 1885, 8, part (Bahamas). 



Dendroica petechia gundlachi Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 30, part (Bahamas); Birds 

 W. I., 1889, 44; Auk, viii, 1891, 297 (Caicos Islands; Inagua), 298 (Abaco), 350 

 (Great Bahama), 351 (Inagua); ix, 1892, 48 (Myiarchusriguana), 49 (Wathnga L; 

 Inagua); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 118 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Eleuthera, 

 New Providence, Exuma Keys, Concepcion I., Watlings I., Rum Cay, Long 

 I., Acklin L, Myiarchusriguana, North Caicos, East Caicos, and Great Inagua).— 

 Northrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 68 (Andros I.). — Ridgway, Auk, viii, 1891, 33S 

 (New Providence), 336 (Eleuthera), 337 (Watlings I.), 338 (Rum Cay), 

 339 (Concepcion I.). 



D[endroica] petechia gundlachi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 573, in 

 text, part (Bahamas). 



Dendroica petechia flamceps Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H.,iv, no. 1, Dec. 29, 

 1892, 310 (Rum Cay; coll. Am. Myiarchuss. Nat. Hist). 



DENDROICA PETECHIA BARTHOLEMICA Sundevall. 

 PORTO RICAN YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. p. petechia, but wing and tail shorter, bill and tarsus 

 longer (the former also stouter), and coloration more intense; the adult 



'Ten specimens. 



Specimens from different islands average as follows: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



Four adult males from Watlings Island 



Nine adult males from Rum Cay 



One adult male from Cat Island 



One adult male from Eleuthera Island 



Pour adult males from Concepcion Island . . . 

 One adult male from New Providence Island 



FEMALES. 



Three adult females from Watlings Island . . . 



Pour adult females from Rum Cay 



Three adult females from Concepcion Island 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



11 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 



10.3 

 11.2 

 11.3 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



519 



male with yellow of under parts richer, chestnut streaks on chest and 

 sides much heavier, j'ellow tips and margins to middle and greater 

 wing coverts more conspicuous, as well as purer ji-ellow, and dusk}' 

 portions of remiges darker, more nearly black; adult female much 

 more richly colored than that of D. p. petechia, nearly always/ in per- 

 fect plumage, entirety bright yellow beneath, and with the chest and 

 sides usually more or less streaked with pale chestnut. 



Young. — Above plain olive-gray; remiges and rectrices as in the 

 adult female; middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with dull grayish 

 white or pale buffy gray, the greater coverts more narrowly tipped 

 with the same; sides of head pale brownish gray, relieved by an 

 orbital ring of dull white; chin, throat, chest, and sides of breast very 

 pale buffy grayish; rest of under parts white. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 117-133 (124.1); wing, 59-64 (62.3); 

 tail, 47-56(49.1); exposed culmen, 11-13(11.3); tarsus, 21-22(21.3); 

 middle toe, 11-13 (11.8).' 



Admit female.— Length, (skins), 117-123 (120.3); wing, 56-64 (60); 

 tail, 46-51 (48.6); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 20-22 (21); middle toe, 

 11-12 (11.1).' 



Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, 

 and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; islands of Anguilla, St. Bartholomew, 

 St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Barbuda, and Antigua, Lesser Antilles.' 



[Dendroica petechia] var. mficapilla (not Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin) Baird, 

 Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 217 (Porto Rico, St. 

 Thomas, St. Croix, and St. Bartholomew). 



' Among a series of twenty-seven adult females none show any admixture of gray on 

 the upper parts and only one a very slight admixture of whitish on the under parts. 

 ' Nineteen specimens. 

 ' Seventeen specimens. 

 Specimens from different islands average, according to the seriesmeasured, as follows: 



Locality. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Seven adult males from Porto Rico 



Five adult males from Vieques 



Three adult males from St. Thomas 



One adult male from Antigua 



One adult male from St. Bartholomew . . 



One adult male from St. Christopher 



One adult male from St. Eustatius 



FEMALES. 



Seven adult females from Porto Eico . . . 



Six adult females from Vieques 



Two adult females from St. Thomas 



One adult female from St. Bartholomew 

 One adult female from St. Eustatius 



12 



12 



11. f 



11 



12 



12 



11 



12 

 11. i 

 11 

 12 

 11 



*I have seen satisfactory series of specimens only from Porto Rico, Vieques, and 

 St. Thomas, and none at all from Virgin Gorda, St. Croix, Anguilla, and Barbuda. 




520 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Dendraxa petechia \Sir. rit^copiHa Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878,486 



(Barbuda; Antigua). 

 Dendrma petechia ruficapilla Ooues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, footnote. 

 [Dendrceca] petechia ruficapilla Ooey, List. Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 

 Dmdroiea petechia ruficapilla Cory, Auk, iii, 1886,31 (Barbuda, Antigua; Porto 



Bico; St. Thomas); vii, 1890,374 (Anegada), 375 (Virgin Gorda); viii, 1891, 



47 (Anguilla; St. Eustatius); Birds W. I., 1889, 45; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 



17, 118 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas; Virgin Gorda; Anegada; St. Croix; 



Anguilla; St. Bartholomew; St. Eustatius; St. Christopher; Barbuda; 



Antigua). 

 [Dendroica petechia} y. ruficapilla Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 349. 

 Dendroica ruficapUla Co-RY, Auk, viii, 1891, 48 (St. Croix; St. Christopher); Cat. 



W. I. Birds, 1892, 155 (St. Bartholomew). 

 JDendrceca ruficapilla Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 275, 644.— Sclatek, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, 499 (Anguilla). 

 Dendroica petechia (not MotaeUla petechia Linnaeus) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 



Phila., 1860, 192, 376 (St. Thomas).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, 



1884, 172 (St. Thomas). 

 DendroBca petechia Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32, part (St. Croix).— Taylor, 



Ibis, 1864, 166, part (Porto Rico) .—Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 



233 (Antigua), 239 (Barbuda). 

 D[endrceca'] a;sJraa Newton (A. and E.), Ibis, 1859, 143 (St. Croix). 

 Dendroica [no specific name] Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 201 (St. Croix; 



St. Thomas). 



IMniotilta'] ? Baird, Gray, Hand-list,_i, 1869, 241, no. 3497. 



Dendroeca petechia portoricensis Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 



1870, 596 {nomen nudum!). 

 Dendroeca petechia, stirps barthelemica Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 582 (St. Bartholomew; descr. eggs; nomen nudum !) . 

 [Dendroeca petechia] a. bartholemica Sdndbvall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 607 (St. Bartholomew; coll. Stockholm Myiarchuss.). 

 [Dendroeca petechial b. crudana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 608 (St. Croix). 



DENDROICA PETECHIA GUNDLACHI (Baird). 

 CUBAN YELLOW WARBLEK. 



Similar to D. p. petechia, but duller in color; adult male with upper 

 parts much darker olive-green, the pileum usually concolor with the 

 back, sometimes slightly more yellowish, very rarely tinged with 

 orange-ochraceous, and wing-edgings less purely yellow, adult female 

 usually duller in color than in D. p. petechia, often grayish olive- 

 green, or even largely gray, above, and dull whitish, merely tinged 

 here and there with yellow, beneath.^ 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 116-125 (119.1); wing, 60-66.5 (62.1); 

 tail, 46-52 (49.3); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 19.5-21.5 (20.5); middle 

 toe, 11-13 (11.9).' 



'The specimens examined are nearly all in worn plumage, and the differences 

 observed in these may possibly not be observable in good plumaged examples; never- 

 theless, this series of Cuban birds when compared with an equal series in same stage 

 of plumage from the island of Grand Cayman (D. p. auncapilla Ridgway, and one of 

 D. petechia petechia) shows very conspicuous and uniform differences. 



"Ten specimens. 




BIRDS OF l^ORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 521 



Adult female.— Ijength (skins), 112-125 (119.7); wing, 56-62 (r.s.T); 

 tail, 44-48 (46.4); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.8); tarsus, 20-22 (21); 

 middle toe, 11.^ 



Island of Cuba, Greatei" Antilles. 



Sylvia sestiva (not Motacilla sestiva Gmelin) Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 



1850, 31 (not pi. 6, fig. 3). 

 Rhimamphm lestivus Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 472 (Cuba); I860, 326 



(do.). — GuNDLACH, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 407 (Cuba). 

 Dendroica albicoUis (not Motacilla albicollis Gmelin) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi. 



Phila.,1860, 192 (Cuba).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1860,264 (Cuba; 



crit.). — Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). — Albrecht, Journ. 



fiir Orn., 1861, 205 (Cuba). 

 Syli/icola petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 



Hist., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 

 Dendroica petechia Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., iv, 1892, 310 (Casilda, s. 



Cuba; crit.). 

 Dendroica gundlachi Baied, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 197 (Cuba; loU. 



U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1872, 414 (Cuba). 

 Dendrmca gundlachi Gundlach, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 234. — Shajipe, 



Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 278, part (Cuba) . 

 \_Mniotilta} gundlachi Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3495. 

 [Dendroica petechia^ var. gundlachi Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. .\m. 



Birds, i, 1874, 216, part (Cuba). 

 Dendraca petechia gundlachi Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, footnote, part (Cuba). 

 [Dendrcecal petechia gundlachi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8, part (Cuba). 

 Dendrmca petechia gundlachi Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 30, part (Cuba); Birds A\'. I., 



1«89, 44; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 118, part (Cuba; Isle of Pines). 

 [Dendroica petechia^ fi. gundlachi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 



349, part (Cuba). 

 D[endroica'\ petechia gundlachi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. , x, Aug. 6, _] 888, 



573, In text, part (Cuba) . 

 [Dendroica petechia'] d. ciihana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 608 (monogr.). 



DENDROICA PETECHIA AUREOLA (Gould). 

 GALAPAGOS YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. p. petechia, but olive-green of upper parts much 

 darker, and adult male with pileum always rufous-chestnut, forming a 

 well-defined cap, sharply defined laterally against the yellow of the 

 superciliary region. 



Adult male. — Pileum uniform chestnut-rufous, sharply defined lat- 

 erally; rest of upper parts plain deep yellowish olive-green, very 

 slightly, if at all, more yellowish on rump, the upper tail-coverts even 

 darker than back; wings (except lesser coverts) dusky, the middle coverts 

 broadly tipped with yellow, the greater coverts and remiges edged with 

 yellow, these edgings broader and clearer yellow on greater coverts 

 and tertials, narrower and more or less tinged with olive-green on 

 secondaries and primaries; tail dusky, the four middle rectrices inclin- 

 ing to dark olive-green, the rest with inner webs yellow, except at 



•Eight specimens. 



k 




522 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tips; sides of head (including superciliary stripe), and entire under 

 parts rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the chest and sides streaked with 

 pale chestnut or cinnamon-rufous; maxilla black, with paler tomia; 

 mandible dusky grayish (bluish graj' in life?); legs and feet horn 

 brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), n7-132 (123.7); wing, 62-67 

 (65.4); tail 4:7-56 (50.3); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.7); tarsus, 21-22 

 (21.5); middle toe, 12.^ 



Adult female. — Above plain olive-green, including pileum; wings 

 and tail as in adult male but yellowish edgings much less distinct; 

 superciliary stripe and under parts plain gamboge yellow, paler and 

 duller than in adult male; length (skins), 125-129 (127); wing, 60-64 

 (61.3); tail, 4.5-49 (47); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.3); tarsus, 18-30 

 (19); middle toe, 14.' 



Immature male. — Similar to adult female but chest and sides faintly 

 streaked with pale chestnut, hindneck and sides of neck gray, chin and 

 throat whitish, and yellowish wing-edgings more distinct. 



Younger (?) ifiale. — Pileum, hindneck, and sides of neck gray, the 

 crown tinged with olive-green; rest of upper parts as in plumage last 

 described above, but yellowish wing-edgings less distinct; under 

 parts dull white, tinged with pale yellow on flanks, lower abdomen, 

 and under tail-coverts, and with pale gray on sides of chest. 



Galapagos Archipelago (Albemarle, Duncan, Charles, Hood, Chat- 

 ham, Barrington, Indefatigable, Jervis, James, Tower, Bindloe, and 

 Abingdon islands); Cocos Island, off Bay of Panama; Gorgona Island, 

 Bay of Panama?;^ coast of Ecuador (Guayaquil)?;" coast of Peru 

 (Santa Lucia; Tumbez)?'' 



Sylvicola aureola Gould, Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii, Birds, 1841, 86, pi. 28 (Galapagos 

 Archipelago). — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309. 



Dendroica aureola Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 192. — Baird, Review, 

 1865, 194, footnote.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii, 1889, 105, 119, 121, 

 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 (Indefatigable, Charles, James, and Chatham islands).— 

 TowNSEND, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., xxvii, 1895, 122 (Cocos Island).— Roths- 

 child and Hartert, Novit. Zool., vi, 1899, 147 (Culpepper, Wenman, 

 Abingdon, Bindloe, Tower, Albemarle, Narborough, James, Jervis, Duncan, 

 Indefatigable, Chatham, Charles, Gardner, and Hood islands). 



Dendrceca aureola Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, 323 (Indefatigable, 

 Bindloe, and Abingdon islands). — Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, pt 

 ix, 1876, 473 (Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands); Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1883, 420 (Charles Island).— Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1877, 66 (Charles Island); Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 282 (Inde- 

 fatigable, Charles, and Abingdon islands; Gorgona Island, Panama Bay; 

 Ecuador; Peru).— Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 256, footnote (synonymy).— 

 Taczanovpski, Orn. du Perou, i, 1884, 467 (Santa Lucia and Tumbez, w. 

 Peru).- Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, 8 

 (Savana de Guayaquil, Estero Carnero, Puntillo, and Santa Elena, w. 

 Ecuador; crit.) . 



' Ten specimens. 



'' Three specimens. 



' No specimens seen by me from these localities. 




BIRDS OK NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



523 



[Dendroica] aureola Sclateh and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 

 DIendroKa'] aureola Baied, Bkewek, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 



217. 

 [Dendroica petechia'] ?. aureola Ridoway, Proc. U. S.Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 350. 

 Daidroica petechia . . . var. Sundevall, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 124 



(Chatham, Charles, and James islands). 

 [Dendroeca petechia] t. gaUapagenm Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 608 (monogr.). 

 (?) [Dendroeca petechia] g.perumana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 609 (Callao, w. Peru; coll. Stockholm Myiarchuss.; also, Guayaquil, 



w. Ecuador). 

 (?) [Dendroeca petechia] h. sequatorialis Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 



Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 609 (Guayaquil, w. Ecuador; coll. Stockholm Myiarchuss.; 



also, Callao, w. Peru). 



DENDROICA RUFICAPILCA RUFICAPILLA (Gmelin). 

 GTJABELOTJPE YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. petechia ia/rtholemica, but much smaller; adult male (in 

 full plumage) with crown much deeper and more extensively orange- 

 rufous or rufous-chestnut (whole pileum sometimes almost continuously 

 of this color, fading on forehead to a more orange-ochraceous hue) ; back, 

 etc., darker olive-green; adult female much smaller than that of 

 D. petechia hartholemica, but very similar in coloration, except that the 

 forehead and crown are usually tinged (often strongly so) with orange- 

 ochraceous. Still more similar in coloration to D. p>. rufivertex^ and 

 about the same size, but adult male with chestnut streaks on chest and 

 sides much narrower and adult female with forehead and crown more 

 or less strongly tinged with yellow and orange-ochraceous. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 109-125 (115.1); wing, 56-60 (58.4); 

 tail, 43-48 (45.5); exposed culmen, 9.5-11 (10.4); tarsus, 18-20 (19.1); 

 middle toe, 11-12 (11.6).' 



Adult female.— Length, (skins), 110-129 (117.2); wing, 53-58 (55.3); 

 tail, 42-46 (43.6); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.2); tarsus, 18-20 (19.4); 

 middle toe, 11.' 



'Eight specimens. 

 ^Eleven specimens. 



Specimens from the island of Dominica average larger than those from Guadeloupe, 

 averages of the series measured being as follows: 



Locality. Wing. Tail. posed Tarsus. ""J^g/^ 



MALES. 



Four adult males from Guadeloupe . . . 

 Four adult males from Dominica 



FEMALES. 



Seven adult females from Guadeloupe 

 Four adult females from Boiuinica . . . 



11.3 

 11.7 



11 

 11 




524 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica, Lesser Antilles. 



IMolaciUa] ruficapilla Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 971 (based on Piguier <k 

 la Myiarchusrtinique, Ficedula martinicana, Brisson, Om., iii, 490, pi. 22, fig. 4). 



ISylvia] ruficapilla Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 540. 



Dendrceca petechia (not Moiacilla petechia Linnaeus) Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 166, part 

 (Dominica).— Lawrence, Proc. J. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 54 (Dominica; 

 descr. nest and eggs) . 



Dejidrmca petechia var. melanoptera Lawrence, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, Apr. 22, 

 1879, 453 (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles; coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



[Dendroica petechia'] S. melanoptera Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 

 350 (Guadeloupe; Dominica). 



IDendrceca} petechia melanoptera Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



Dendroica petechia melanoptera Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 31; viii, 1891, 49 (Guade- 

 loupe); Birds W. I., 1889, 45; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118 (Guadeloupe; 

 Dominica). 



Dendrceca melanoptera Sharpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 279, 644 (Dominica; 

 Guadeloupe). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, 326 (Dominica). 



DENDROICA RUFICAPILLA RUFIVERTEX Ridgway. 



COZUMEL YELIOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. r. ruficapilla^ but adult male with chest and sides much 

 more broadly streaked with chestnut; adult female with forehead and 

 crown uniform yellowish olive-green, concolor with back, etc. 



Adult male.— L>&x^gt\\ (skins), 107-120 (114.5); wing, 56-60 '(58.2); 

 tail, 44-48 (46.6); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.8); tarsus, 19-21 (20); 

 middle toe, 10.5-11 (10.9).^ 



Adult female.— l^&VL^ih. (skins), 106-118 (110); wing, 55-56 (o5. 6); 

 tail, 45-47 (45.8); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.5); tarsus, 18-21 (20); 

 middle toe, 11.^ 



Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. 



Dendroica petechia rufivertex Ridgway, Descr. New Species Birds from Cozumel, 

 Feb. 26, 1885, 1; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., iii, 1885, 21 (Cozumel I., Yucatan; 

 coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 348 (full descr.), 563. 



[Dendroica petechia] s. rufivertex Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 

 1885, 350. 



DENDROICA RUFICAPILLA FLAVIDA (Cory). 



ST. ANBREWS YELLOW WARBLER. 



"Resembles Dendrnwa rufivertex, but has the orange brown on the 

 head [crown] more restricted and paler; throat unspotted, or very 

 nearly so; underparts, including sides and flanks, heavily striped with 

 rufous brown. 



Adult male. — "Top of the head orange brown showing j'ellowin 

 front of the eye; nape, back, and upper tail-coverts yellowish olive; 

 throat bright pale yellow, touched with one or two indistinct pencil- 

 ings of brown, rest of underparts yellow, heavily streaked with rufous 



^ Eight specimens. ^ Six specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 525 



brown; wings dark brown, edged with yellow; tail-feathers brown, 

 heavily marked with yellow on the inner webs and faintly edged with 

 it on the outer. 



"Length, 120.6; wing, 69.7; tail, 50.8; tarsus, 20.3; bill, Y.6."' 

 (Cory.) 



St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea. 



Dendroica flavida Cory, Descr. Six New Sp. Birds from Old Providence and St. 

 Andrews, Myiarchusy 27, 1887, 3; Auk, iv, July, 1887, 179 (St. Andrews Island, 

 Caribbean Sea; coll. C. B. Cory). 



DENDROICA RUFICAPILLA RUFOPILEATA Ridgway. 

 CTJRAQAO YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. r. ruficapilla, but forehead and crown uniform chest- 

 nut, forming a sharply defined oval patch, the adult female with under 

 parts paler yellow. 



AduUmale. — Forehead and crown uniform rufous-chestnut, forming 

 a sharply defined oval patch; rest of upper parts plain yellowish olive- 

 green, becoming decidedly yellowish on lower rump, the longer upper 

 tail-coverts darker olive-green, with yellowish edges; wings (except 

 lesser coverts) dusky, the middle coverts broadly tipped with j^ellow, the 

 greater coverts and tertials broadly edged with yellow, the secondaries 

 and primaries more narrowly edged with yellowish olive-green ; rectrices 

 dusky, edged with yellowish olive-green, the inner webs of four outer- 

 most chiefly yellow; sides of head (including superciliary stripe) and 

 under parts rich, pure gamboge or lemon yellow, the chest broadly 

 streaked with chestnut-rufous, the sides and flanks sometimes more 

 narrowly streaked with the same; maxilla black, with paler tomia; 

 mandible grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); iris brown; legs and 

 feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 112-115 (114.2); 

 wing, 56-60 (57.5); tail, 44-47 (45.2); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10.5); 

 tarsus, 18-19 (18.5); middle toe, 10-12 (11).' 



Adult female. — Above plain yellowish olive-green, including pileum, 

 the wings and tail as in adult male; sides of head and under parts 

 yellow, paler and duller than in adult male, and without streaks or 

 else with mere traces of them on chest; length (skins), 102-112 (108.7); 

 wing, 53-57(54.6); tail, 41-47 (43) ; exposed culmen, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 

 16-19 (18); middle toe, 10.' 



Island of Curasao, southern Caribbean Sea. 



Dendroica rufopileata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vii, July 29, 1884, 173 

 (Curacao, Dutch West Indies; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Bbelbpsch, Journ. 

 fur Orn., 1892, 76 (Curagao) .—Peters, Journ. fflrOrn., 1892, 116 (Curagao). 



'Measurements converted from inches and tenths. 

 '' Four specimens. 

 'Three specimens. 




526 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



D\_endroica] rafo-pileata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. MyiarchusB., viii, 1885, 350 ("Old 



Providence;" error for CuragaxD). 

 Dendraca rufopileata Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 281. 

 Dendroica rufo-pileata Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 165 (Curafao). 

 D[endroica] capitalis rufopileata Beelepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., Jan., 1892, 76 



(Curapao). 



DENDROICA RUFICAPILLA CAPITALIS (Lawrence). 

 BARBADOS YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. r. rufojyileata, but wing and tail shorter; adult male 

 with chestnut crown-patch much darker (rich dark chestnut or bay) 

 and chestnut streaks on chest and sides darker chestnut and much 

 narrower. 



Aduitmale.—ljength (skins), 100-106 (102); wing, 65-58(56.6); tail, 

 •i3^5 (44); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 19; middle toe, 10.' 



Adult female. — Length (skin), 115; wing, 54; tail 42; exposed cul- 

 men, 11; tarsus, 19; middle toe, 12.^ 



Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. 



Dendrceca capitalis Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xx, Dec, 1868, 359' 



(Barbados, Lesser Antilles; coll. G. N. Lawrence). — Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 306 



(crit.). — Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 256, footnote (synonymy). — Shaepe, 



Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 280, 645. 

 IDcndro^ca] capitalis Coey, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 

 Dlendroica'] capitalis Baied, Beewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 



271.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 350. 

 Dendroica capitalis Coey, Auk, iii, 1886, 31; Birds W. I., 1889, 45; Cat. W. L 



Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 134 (Barbados). 

 IJfnMUta'] capitalis Geay, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 202 (in index). 

 IDendroeca petechia} c. barbadensis Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 608 (monogr.). 

 Dendrceca petechia (not Motadlla petechia Linnaeus) Sclatbr, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lond., 1874, 174 (Barbados). 



DENDROICA RUFIGULA Baird. 

 MARTINiaUE YELLOW WARBLER. 



Adult male. — Entire pileum, including occiput, uniform rufous- 

 che.'itnut; rest of head, including whole throat and upper median portion 

 of chest, similar but paler (between orange-rufous and cinnamon- 

 rufous), the feathers yellowish beneath the surface; sides of neck and 

 under parts (except as described) rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the 

 chest and sides narrowly streaked with the color of the throat, or darker 



' Three specimens. 

 '' One specimen. 



•'First mentioned and characterized, but not named, by Professor Baird in Review 

 Am. Birds, 1865, 202, in text under Dendroica IruficapUla']. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 527 



chestnut; upper parts (except pileum, wings, and tail) plain deep 

 olive-green/ slightly more yellowish on rump, the upper tail-coverts 

 sometimes indistinctly edged with yellowish; wings (except lesser 

 coverts) dull black, the middle and greater coverts rather narrowly 

 tipped with yellow, the greater coverts and remiges edged with yellow 

 or yellowish olive-green; middle pair of rectrices dusky, edged on 

 outer web with olive-green, on inner with pale yellow; remaining 

 rectrices with inner webs mostly yellow; maxilla jjlackish, mandible 

 grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); legs and feet pale brownish (in 

 dried skins); length (skins), 112-120 (116); wing, 56-57 (66.5); tail, 

 40.5^3 (41.7); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.5); tarsus, 17-19 (18); middle 

 toe, 11.' 



Young (female?), Jlrst j?hmiage. — Above plain, rather dark olive- 

 green; wings dusky, with dull olive-green edgings to greater coverts 

 and remiges, the middle coverts tipped with the same; under parts 

 pale dull yellow, shaded laterally with olive, the chest indistinctly but 

 broadljr streaked with pale rusty. 



Island of Myiarchusrtinique, Lesser Antilles. 



Sylvia ruficapilla (not Moladlla ruficapilla Gmelin) Vibillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 



Nat, xi, 1817, 228; Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 442, not of p. 440 (Myiarchusrtinique). 

 Dendroica rufigula Baird, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 204 (locality unknown; 



coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 32 (Myiarchusrtinique); 1887, 



95 (do.); Birds W. I., 1889, 46; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 133.— 



EiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 350 (Myiarchusrtinique). 

 Dendrosca rufigula Lawkence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 353 (Myiarchusrtinique; 



crit.).— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8.— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 



1885, 285, 645, excl. syn. part (Myiarchusrtinique). 

 Dendroeca vieilloti rufigula (not Dendroica vieilloti var. rufigula Baird, Brewer, 



and RIDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 217) Coubs, Birds Col. Val., 



1878, 256, footnote, part. 

 IMniotilta'] rufigula Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3498 (Myiarchusrtinique). 

 Dendrceca vieilloti (not of Cassin) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 



1880, 125, part (in synonymy). 



DENDROICA ERITHACHORIDES Baird. 

 PANAMA YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. rufigula, but decidedly larger, with smaller bill; much 

 lighter and more yellowish olive-green above, and under parts much 

 more broadly streaked with chestnut-rufous. 



Adult male. — Pileum uniform rich rufous-chestnut (exactly as in 

 D- rufigula); rest of head similar but slightly paler (intermediate 

 between orange-rufous and cinnamon-rufous); under parts, posterior 

 to throat, rich gamboge or lemon yellow, conspicuously streaked 

 except on abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts, with the color 

 of the throat, the streaks broadest on chest where confluent with the 



' Myiarchusch darker than in D. erithachorides and allied continental forms, 

 ' Two specimens. 




528 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



uniform color of throat; upper parts (except pileum, wings, and tail) 

 plain yellowish olive-green, slightly paler or more yellowish on lower 

 rump and upper tail-coverts; wings (except lesser coverts) dusky, the 

 middle coverts broadly tipped with yellow, the greater coverts and ter- 

 tials broadly edged with yellow, the secondaries and primaries more 

 narrowly edged with yellowish olive-green; rectrices dusky, edged 

 with yellowish olive-green, the inner webs of all except middle pair 

 mostly yellow; maxilla blackish, with paler tomia; mandible grayish 

 dusky (bluish gray in life?); legs and feet pale brownish (in dried 

 skins); length (skins), 112-120 (115.3); wing, 61-70 (66); tail, 47-52 

 (49.5); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 18-22 (20); middle toe, 12-14 (13).' 



Adult {?) female. — Above plain olive-green, duller anteriorly (espe-* 

 cially on pileum), brighter posteriorly (on rump and upper tail-coverts); 

 wings dusky, with light olive-greenish edgings, these inclining to pale 

 yellow on greater coverts and tertials; tail as in adult male, but with 

 much less yellow on inner webs of rectrices, even the outermost having 

 more dusky than yellow.on inner web; sides of head paler olive-greenish 

 than pileum, the eyelids pale yellowish; under parts dull lemon or 

 gamboge yellow, shaded laterally with pale olive-greenish; wing, 63; 

 tail, 47; exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 21; middle toe, 13.* 



Ii)imature male. — Similar to the supposed adult female, but chest 

 and sides indistinctly streaked with pale rufous-chestnut, forehead and 

 crown tinged with the same, and the lores, chin, and throat dull orange- 

 yellow. 



Young {female?). — Above dull pale olive, or light brownish gray 

 tinged with olive-green; beneath pale dull butfy.' 



Cai-ibbean coast district of northern Colombia (Cartagena, etc.) and 

 Isthmus of Panama (Buenaventura; Panama City); San Myiarchusguel Island, 

 Bay of Panama; Veragua?* 



Sijlvia ruficapilla (not MotaciUa ruficapilla Gmelin) Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 



Nat., xi, 1817, 228; Gal. Ois., i, 1834, pi. 164. 

 Dendroica erihtachorides (typographical error) Baikd, Kep. Pacific K. E. Surv. 



ix, 1858, 283, in text (South America;* ex Chloris erUhacliondes Feuillfe 



Journ. Observations Physiques, iii, 1725, 413). 

 Dendroica vieilloti Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Myiarchusy, 1860, 192 (Cartagena, 



Colombia; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Baied, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 203, 



part ( Cartagena) . 



' Five specimens. 



'^ One specimen. 



^ From a very poor skin, not admitting of detailed description. 



* No specimens seen by me from Veragua. 



^Actually based on specimens (now in the U. S. National Myiarchusseum collection) 

 from Cartagena, Colombia, collected by Dr. A. Schott, of Lieutenant Myiarchuschler's expe- 

 dition, the very same specimens being the types of Dendroica vieillali Cassin, 

 described two years later. Feuill^e being a pre-Linnsean author, it matters not 

 whether his Sijlvia eriihachorides is the same bird as Baird's Dendroica erihtachoridei; 

 and the latter name being accompanied by a sufficiently good diagnosis of the form 

 must, on account of its priority, supersede the name Dendroica vieilloti Cassin. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 529 



Dendroica meillotii Bangs, Auk, xviii, 1901, 30 (San Myiarchusguel I., Bay of Panama). 

 Dendrceca vieilloti Sclatbr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32, part (Colombia).— Coues, 



Birds Col. Val., 1878, 256, footnote (synonymy). 

 [Dendroica vieilloti'] var. vieilloti Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 217, (Cartagena, Colombia). 

 [Dendrceca] vieilloti Solater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 

 [Dendroeca petechia] i. panamerms Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh., Stockh., 



xxvi, 1870, 609 (=D. vieilloti Oassin). 

 [Dendroica vieilloti:] var. rufigula (not Dendroica rufigula Baird, 1865) Baird, 



Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 217 (Isthmus Panama). 



DENDROICA BRYANTI BRYANTI Ridgway. 

 BRYANT'S YELLOW WARBLER. 



Similar to D. eriifuichorides, but adult male with chest and sides much 

 less heavily streaked (sometimes almost without streaks), the chestnut- 

 rufous of the throat abruptly defined posteriorly. 



Adult male. — Pileum varying from rufous-tawny to nearly chestnut, 

 the rest of the head, including usually the whole throat, similar but 

 very slightly paler; hindneck,^ back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts, plain yellowish olive-green, the back 

 sometimes indistinctly streaked with dark chestnut or dusky; wings 

 (except lesser coverts) dusky, the middle coverts broadly tipped with 

 yellow, the greater coverts and tertials broadly edged with yellow, the 

 secondaries and primaries more narrowly edged with yellowish olive- 

 green; tail dusky, the rectrices edged with yellowish olive-green and 

 with inner webs of all except middle pair mostly yellow; under parts, 

 except throat,^ rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the chest and sides usu- 

 ally nan-owly streaked with chestnut, rarely almost immaculate; maxilla 

 black, with paler tomia; mandible dusky grayish (bluish gray in life?); 

 iris brown; legs and feet horn color or light brownish (in dried skins); 

 length (skins), 120-134 (124.7); wing, 62-70 (65.7); tail, 46-56 (50); 

 exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 20-22 (20.9); middle toe, 11-13 (12.4).' 



Adult female. — Exceedingly variable in coloration. Above varying 

 from entirely plain yellowish olive-green to mostly dull ash gray; 

 beneath, from wholly yellow, tinged witt olive-green laterally, to 

 white, tinged with gray laterally; chest sometimes very narrowly 

 streaked with chestnut, and head sometimes with scattered feathers of 

 that color; length (skins), 110-121 (116); wing, 58-62 (60.4); tail, 45^6 



' Sometimes, apparently, the rufous-tawny color of the pileum descends over the 

 upper hindneck. 



'Usually the entire throat is uniform rufous- tawny or light chestnut- rufous, but 

 this color never invades the chest; sometimes only the upper half (more or less) 

 of the throat is of this color, the lower throat being yellow, like the chest and other 

 under parts. In all cases the color is abruptly defined, all round. 



' Eleven specimens. 



3654— VOL 2-01 34 




530 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(45.8); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 20.5-21 (20.8); middle toe, 11-12 

 {ilAy 



Imimature male. — Variously intermediate in coloration between the 

 adult male and adult female. 



Gulf coast of Mexico and Caribbean coast of Central America, from 

 Tamaulipas (Tampico) to Costa Rica (Puerto Limon). 



(?) Dendraca vieiUoti (not of Casain) Sclatek, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32, part 

 (Mexico) . 



Dendrwca vieilloti Salvin, Ibis, 1864, 380 (Half Moon Cay, British Honduras). ; 1866, 

 192 (do.).— Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 203, part (Caucun, Yucatan).— 

 (?) Frantzius, Jourri. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (San Jos6, Costa Eica).— Salvin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 125, part (Caucun, Sisal, 

 Progreso, and Celestin, Yucatan; Belize and Half Moon Cay, British Hon- 

 duras) . — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 441 (SilamandEioLagartos, 

 Yucatan).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 645, part (Progreso, 

 Yucatan; Half Moon Cay and Belize, British Honduras). 



[Dendrwca] vieilloti Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av.' Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 



Dendroica vieMottii var. hryanti Ridgway, Amer. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 605 (Belize, 

 British Honduras; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



[Dendroica vieilloti'] var. hryanti Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 218, part (Honduras; Yucatan) ; iii, 1874, 504. 



Dendraca oieilloti bryanti Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 256, footnote. 



[Dendrceca vieiUoii.'] Subsp. a._Dendra'ca bryanti Sharps, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 284 (Nicaragua). 



Dendroica vieilloti bryanti Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 521, 524 

 (Puerto Limon, e. Costa Rica; crit. ). 



[Dendroica bryanti'] a. hryanti Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 350. 



Dlendroica] bryanti Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 495. 



Dendroica bryanti Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 210 (Progreso, Yucatan). 



Dendrceca bryanti Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 645, part. 



DENDROICA BRYANTI CASTANEICEPS Ridgway. 

 UAITGROVE WAKBLEK. 



Similar to D. h. bryanti, but averaging slightly darker above and 

 decidedly smaller. 



' Five specimens. 



The most southern specimens (from Puerto Limon, f!osta Rica) do not show the 

 slightest approach in coloration to D. erithachorides, but there appears to be a gradual 

 increase in size southward, average measurements, according to locality, being as 

 follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 531 



Adult maZc.— Length (skins), 112-120 (llt;.2); wing, 53-66 (60); 

 tail, 45-49 (46.7); exposed oulmen, 11; tarsus, 20-21 (20.1); middle 

 toe, 10-12 (11.8).^ 



Adult female.--L,ength. (skins), 111-123 (115.7); wing, 56-61 (69.1); 

 tail, 45-47.5 (46.6); exposed oulmen, 11; tarsus, 17-22 (20.1); middle 

 toe, 10-12 (11.1).' 



Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America, from Lower California 

 (La Paz) and Sinaloa (Myiarchuszatlan) to Costa Rica (Punta Arenas). 



{l)Dendraca vieilloli (not of Caasin) Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32, part 



(Mexico). 

 Dendroeca vidlloti Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 192, part (Tempate, Gulf of Nicoya, w. Costa 



Rica); 1869, 313 (do.).— Baihd, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 203, part (Myiarchuszat- 

 lan, w. Mexico).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 94 (Coata Rica); 



Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 270 (Myiarchuszatlan and Guadalajara, w. Mexico), 



Apr. to Sept.).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 ( Puntas Arenas, 



w. Costa Rica) . 

 [Dcndrccca] meilloli Sclater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 

 Sylvicola ijieUloti FiNScn, Abh. Nat, Ver. Brem., ii, 1870, 329 (Myiarchuszatlan). 

 Dendroica vieillottii, var. bryanti 'RiDHW ay , Amer. Nat., vii., Oct., 1873, 605, part 



(Myiarchuszatlan). 

 [Dendroica vieilloti] var. hryanti Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 218, part (Myiarchuszatlan). 

 Dendroica vieilloti bryanti Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iv, Apr. 24, 1882, 414 



(La Paz, Lower California); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 257.— Bbld- 



iNG, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 536 (La Paz). 

 D^endrcecal vieilloti bryanti Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 298. 

 Dendroeca bryanti Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 645, part (Tempate, 



Gulf of Nicoya, w. Costa Rica). 

 Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 



350, footnote (La Paz, Lower California; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — American 



Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 653. — Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. 



Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 106 (Punta Arenas, Costa Rica). 

 Dlendroica'] bryanti castaneiceps Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 495. 

 [Dendroica bryanti} /3. castaneiceps Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 350 



(Myiarchuszatlan; Cape St. Lucas). 

 Dendroica vieilloti castaneiceps Chbhrik, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 525 



(Punta Arenas, w. Costa Rica; crit. ); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 



13 (Punta Myiarchusla, delta del Diquis, s. w. Costa Rica). 



DENDROICA EOA (Gosse). 

 AURORA WARBLER. 



With yellow inner webs to rectrices, like other "golden warblers," 

 but adult male apparently without streaks on under parts, and with 

 sides of head, throat, and chest rufous-tawny. 



"Length 5 inches, expanse 7.6, flexure 2.7, tail 1.9, rictus 0.6 

 (nearly), tarsus 0.9, middle toe 0.5. Irides dark hazel, feet horn-color, 

 beak pale horn, culmen and tip darker. Myiarchusle: Upper parts olive, 

 approaching to yellow on the rump; sides of head marked with a band 

 of orange, extending from the ear to the beak, and meeting both on 



^Six specimens. '' Four specimens. 




532 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



the forehead and on the chin. Win^ quills and coverts blackish with 

 yellowish edges. Tail blackish olive, with yellow edges; the outer- 

 most two feathers on each side have the greatest portion of the inner 

 webs pale yellow. Under parts pale yellow. The crown, rump, 

 tertials, belly, and under tail-coverts are sparsely marked with unde- 

 fined patches of pale orange. Female: Nearly as the male, but the 

 deep orange is spread over the whole cheeks, chin, thi-oat, and breast. 

 The head and neck are dusky gray, tinged with olive, and patched 

 with the fulvous much more largely, but irregularly, and as if laid 

 upon the darker hue." (Original description, the measurements con- 

 verted from inches to millimetei's.^) 

 Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



Sylvicola eoa Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 158 (Jamaica; types in coll. Brit. Myiarchuss.); 



lllustr. Birds Jamaica, 1849, pi. 34. — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309.— 



Albeecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 201. 

 M[;niotUta\ eoa Gkay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 iMniotilta'l eoa Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3480. 

 Bendroica eon Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 195, footnote. — Cory, Auk, iii, 



1896, 32; Birds W. I., 1889, 46; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 130. 

 Dlendroical eoa Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 218. 

 Dendrceca eoa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 71. — Cohes, Birds Col.Val., 



1878, 256, footnote (synonymy). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds, Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 



266, footnote. 

 D^endraxal eoa Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106. 

 [Dendrceca'] eoa Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 297, in text.^CoRY, List 



Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 

 Dendroeca eoa Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 609 



(monogr. ). 



DENDROICA MACULOSA (Gmelin). 



MAGNOLIA ■WARBLER. " '^ 



Inner webs of rectrices (except middle pair) with a broad' band of 

 white across middle portion. " ' '- ■ 



^ This bird continues to be known only from the two original specimens, now in 

 the collection of the British Myiarchusseum. Regarding these Dr. Sharpe (in Catalogue of 

 the British Myiarchusseum, x, 266, 267) remarks as follows: 



The two typical specimens are in the British Myiarchusseum, but from-long exposure to 

 the light in the gallery have become discolored and faded. They have been care- 

 fully dismounted, like all other typical specimens, and placed in the series of skins; 

 but the coloration ia now so different to that described by Myiarchus. Gosse that I have 

 preferred to reproduce his original descriptions. I can scarcely believe that the male 

 bird ever exhibited the rufous color of the throat and chest to the extent shown by 

 Myiarchus. Gosse in his plate of D. eoa, wherein also, by representing the tail in a closed 

 position, the affinities of , the bird are hidden. The yellow on the outer tail-feathers 

 is a character of the Dendroeca sestiva group, but the color of the throat is only matched 

 by D. blackbumiiB; and I have no doubt that D. eoa is a hybrid between the last-named 

 bird and D. sestiva or D. petechia. 



To the above I will only add that in my opinion the supposed hybrid nature of 

 D. eoa is extremely improbable, and that the bird is a hybrid between D. blaclebumite 

 and D. petechia impossible, for the reason that the proximate limits of the breeding 

 ranges of these two species are at least 700 miles apart. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 533 



Admit mal&in Kpriiig <md summer. — Pileum and hindneck uniform 

 bluish slate-gray or plumbeous, margined latefalh' by a white supra- 

 auricular streak beginning on upper eyelid; a white spot on lower 

 eyelid; frontlet, lores, suborbital region, auricular region, sides of 

 neck, back, and scapulars uniform deep black, the last sometimes mar- 

 gined with olive-grayish; rump clear lemon-yellow, the upper portion 

 streaked with black and sometimes partly olive-greenish; upper tail- 

 coverts black; tail black, the outer webs of rectrices edged with gray, 

 their inner webs (except middle pair) crossed in middle portion by a 

 broad band of white, about 10-12 wide; wings black, the middle and 

 greater coverts broadly margined and tipped with white, forming a 

 lai'ge and conspicuous patch, the remiges and primary coverts nar- 

 rowly edged with gray; under parts, except under taii-coA-erts, rich 

 lemon or gamboge yellow, the chest, sides, and iianks xavy broadly 

 streaked with black — these black markings sometimes confluent on the 

 chest; under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, and axillars white; bill 

 black; iris brown; legs and feet duskj^ brown. 



Adult female in spring and sutmner. — Myiarchusch duller in color than the 

 male; gray of pileum and hindneck duller, passing into dull olive- 

 greenish on back, where usually rhore or less blotched or spotted with 

 black, rarely mostly black; lower rump crossed by a band of olive- 

 yellow; upper tail-covets black centrally, more or less broadh' mar- 

 gined with slate-gray; tail as in male but duller in black; wings duller 

 black than, in male, with less of white on middle and greater coverts; 

 sides of head sometimes as in adult male, usually duller in color, some- 

 times with olive grayish replacing black; under parts paler and duller 

 yellow than in male, with chest and sides less heavily marked with 

 black (sides and flanks rarely almost without black streaks or spots and 

 spots or streaks on chest few and small). 



Adult (?) ')nale in autumn and winter. — Pileum, hindneck, and sides 

 of neck dull brownish gray; back and scapulars olive-green, the feath- 

 ers with large, mostly concealed, central spots of black; rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, tail, and wings as in the summer male but the last with two 

 narrow bands, instead of a large patch, of white, the greater coverts 

 being edged with gray, like remiges; sides of head grayish, somewhat 

 mottled with black on rictal region, and relieved by a whitish orbital 

 ling; under parts as in the summer male, but chest without - black 

 streaks or spots, the black markings conspicuous only on flanks and 

 there more or less concealed. 



Tovmg male in first OMtumn and winter. — Similar to the supposed 

 adult male of corresponding season, but chest crossed by a broad band 

 of dull whitish or grayish white, and without trace of black on cheeks. 



Young female in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the young 

 male of same season, but smaller and much duller in color, the pileum, 

 etc., decidedly more brownish, the back without distinct concealed 




584 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



black markings, white tail-spots smaller, and flanks indistinctly streaked 

 with dusky. 



Toung male in nestling pluniage. — Above dull brownish olive, the 

 back very faintly clouded or spotted with dusky; a very narrow pale 

 dull yellowish indistinct bar across rump; upper tail-coverts dusky, 

 margined with light olive; middle and greater wing-coverts broadly 

 tipped with pale yellowish buflf, producing two bands, the greater cov- 

 erts edged with light brownish olive; remiges edged with gray; under 

 parts pale straw yellow, or primrose yellow, thickly streaked on 

 breast, sides, and flanks with dusky olive, the chest so strongly suffused 

 with olive-brownish as to nearly conceal the yellow. 



Young female in nailing plumage. — "Remiges and rectrices slightly 

 paler than in adult; greater and middle wing-coverts just tipped with 

 fulvous, forming two narrow wing-bands; rest of upper parts, sides of 

 head, including orbital region and eyelids, and breast, dark ashy, 

 somewhat lighter on rump. Abdomen, anal region, and crissum pale 

 sulphur-yellow, blotched somewhat indistinctly anteriorly with ashy. 

 Throat pale ashy, with a few yellow feathers intermixed. From a 

 specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Myiarchusine, August 10, 1874. 

 This bird was very young, indeed barely able to fly. Several speci- 

 mens a little further advanced show an increased amount of yellow 

 on the throat and abdomen, but are otherwise similar." ' 



Admit male.—L,Qagth. (skins), 105-118 (113.6); wing, 57-64 (60.1); 

 tail, 47.2-51.8 (48.7); exposed culmen, 8.6-9.8 (9); tarsus, 17-18.4 

 (17.8); middle toe, 10-11.2 (10.6).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 108-112 (109.8); wing, 54.4-57 8 

 (56-9); tail, 46-48.4 (47.3); exposed culmen, 8.8-9 (8.9); tarsus, 17.2-18 

 (17.5); middle toe, 10.2-11 (10.5).' 



Eastern North America, north to Anticosti Island, Myiarchusgdalen 

 Islands, southern shores of Hudson Bay (Moose Factory, Albany 

 River, etc.), and in the interior to the Great Slave Lake District (Fort 



1 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 78. 

 '' Ten specimens. 

 ^ Five specimens. 



Specimens from opposite sides of the Alleglieny Mountains average, respectively, 

 in measurements as follows: 




BIRDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 535 



Simpson, Fort Resolution, etc.); breeding southward to northern and 

 western Myiarchusssachusetts (Winchenden, Worcester County, and moun- 

 tains of Berkshire County), mountains of Pennsylvania (Armstrong, 

 Butler, Clearfield, Indiana, Luzerne, and Pike counties), northern 

 Myiarchuschigan (Myiarchusckinac Island), Myiarchusnitoba, etc. ; west to eastern base of 

 Rocky Mountains, casually to California (Los Angeles, October 21 , 

 1897, and Santa Barbara Island, Myiarchusy 15), and British Columbia; south- 

 ward in migration through more southern United States east of Rocky 

 Mountains; in winter, Bahamas (Eleuthera, Watlings, and New Prov- 

 idence islands), Cuba, Haiti, and Porto Rico, and through eastern 

 Mexico and Central America to the Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill 

 Station, Panama Railroad); accidental in Greenland. 



[Motadlla^ maculosa Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 984 (based on Le Figuier 

 tachet^ de Pensilvanie, Picedula pensilvanica nsevia, Brisson, Orn., iii, 502; The 

 Yellow-rumped Flycatcher, Myiarchussicapa uropygio luieo, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. 

 Hist, V, 97, pi. 255). 



[Sylvia] maculosa Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 536. 



Sylvia maculosa Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 33, pi. 98; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat, xi, 1817, 223; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 427.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., 

 X, 1817, 715.— BoNAPAETB, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 78.— Audubon, Orn. 

 Biog., i, 1831, 260, pi. 50; ii, 1834, 145; v, 1839, 458, pi. 123.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 370.— D'Okbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. 

 Cuba, Ois., 1839, 72. 



Sylvicola maculosa Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 213, pi. 

 40.— jAjtDiNB, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 353, pi. 23, fig. 2.— Bona- 

 PAETE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 61; Birds 

 Am., oct ed., ii, 1841, 65, pi. 96.— Denny, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 38 

 (Jamaica; Cuba). — Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Baha- 

 mas). — Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). — Albeecht, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 53 (Bahamas). 



[Sylmoola'i maculosa Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 307. 



M[niotilta] maculosa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Myiarchusdotitta'] maculosa Geay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3476. 



R[himanphvs] maculosus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20. 



Rhimamphus maculosus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 474 (Cuba). 



Dendrmca maculosa Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 284; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 204; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 206 (Moose Factory; Fort 

 Simpson; Fort Resolution, etc.).— Salvin and Sclatee, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Gua- 

 temala).— Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 374 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, 

 s. Mexico).— GuNDLACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326; 1872, 415; Repert. 

 Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 234 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 

 29 (Porto Rico).— Verrill, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ix, 1862, 147 (Anticosti 

 I., Gulf St. Lawrence).— Baied, Beewbe, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 232, pi. 14, fig. 2.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 

 58 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 17); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 196 

 (do.).— Brewer, Proc. Bost Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (n. New England, 

 breeding).— Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 237 (Moose Factory, 

 Hudson Bay).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., 

 Yucatan); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 142.— Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 

 1886, 139 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).— Coey, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 34 (West Indian references); ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., 




536 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 48; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (Eleuthera, 

 New Providence, and Watlings islands, Bahamas; Cuba; Haiti; Porto 

 Rico). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 657.— 

 Brewstee, Auk, V, 1888, 39] (Winchenden, Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding). — 

 Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 248 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities and 

 dates); Bull. 44, Colorado Agric. Coll., 1898, 168 (near Denver, 1 spec, 

 Myiarchusy 17, 1888).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 19 (Key West, Florida, Apr. 27 and 

 Myiarchusy 17).— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 618 (Myiarchusnitoba, 

 breeding). — Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 116 (Butler and Armstrong counties, w. 

 Pennsylvania, breeding); x, 1893, 40, 45 (Indiana and Clearfield counties, 

 Pennsylvania, breeding). — Hagerup, Auk, viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland).- - 

 Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, 

 breeding). — Neheling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 208, pi. 12, fig. 2.— 

 Nutting, Bull. Labr. N. H. State Univ. Iowa, ii, 1893, 278 (Chemawawiii, 

 Saskatchewan). — Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 54 (Field and 

 Vernon, e. British Columbia) .—White, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Myiarchusckinac I. , Myiarchuschi- 

 gan, breeding; descr. song). — Richmond Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 

 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Oct. 27 to Feb. 5). — Allen, Auk, xii, 1895, 

 89 (Berkshire Co., Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding). — Congdon, Auk, xii, 1895, 190 

 (Dingmans Ferry, Pike Co., Pennsylvania, breeding). — Young, Auk, xiii, 

 1896, 284 (Pottsville, Pennsylvania, breeding).— Baily, Auk, xiii, 1896, 295 

 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breeding). — Grinnell, Rep. Birds Santa Barbara, 

 etc., 1897, 7 (Santa Barbara I., California, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 15) ; Pub. ii, Pasadena 

 Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 (Los Angeles, California, 1 spec, Oct. 21, 1897).— Rives, 

 Auk, XV, 1898, 136 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt) . — Fleming, Auk, 

 xviii, 1901, 43 (Myiarchusskoka, etc., n. Ontario, abundant summer resid.).— 

 Swaeth, Condor, iii, 1901, 145 (Los Angeles, California, I spec, Oct. 5, 

 1901). 



Bendrceca. maculosa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz) ; 1862, 19 (Cosamaloapam, Vera Cruz) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32 (Goban, 

 Guatemala) . — Lawrence, Ann, Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Lion Hili, Panama 

 B. R.). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 63 (interior of British North Ameiaca) . — 

 Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama 

 R. R.).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 84; 2d ed., 1882, no. 125; Birds N. W., 

 1874, 62 (mouth of Vermilion R., Nebraska, etc) ; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 290.— 

 Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. no. 4, 1876, 16 (Santa Eflgenia, Oaxaca, 

 Dec, Myiarchusr. )— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 1-7 (full biog- 

 raphy); iii, 1878, 59 (descr. young); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 

 371 (Anticosti and Myiarchusgdalen islands, breeding). — Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, iv, 1879, 106 (Portland, Me., breeding). — Cory, Birds Bahama I., 

 1880, 62; Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885," 29.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 97. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 

 129 (Izalam, Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras; Retalhuleu, Coban, and 

 Choctum, Guatemala, etc). — Sharpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 309, 

 648 (49th parallel; Fort Simpson; Albany R., etc.). 



[Dendrccca} maculosa CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 102. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr , 1873, 9.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



D^endrceca] maculosa Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 304. 



Dendroeca macutosa Sundevall, 5fv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 615 

 (monogr.). 



Sylvia magnolia Wimon, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 63, pi. 23 (=:youngin autumn).— 

 Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 604.— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 194. 




BIRDS OF WORTH AND MTDDLE AMERICA. 537 



DENDROICA TIGRINA (Gmelin). 

 CAPE MyiarchusT WARBLER. 



Ad/ult male in fij/ring and summer. — Pileum black, sometimes (espe- 

 ciallj' in midsummer) uniformly so, usually with the feathers, at least 

 those of the occiput, margined more or less distinctly with olive (some- 

 times with rusty); sometimes a spot of rustj' on center of crown; back, 

 scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, and upper rump olive-green, the feath- 

 ers with a central spot of black; lower rump varying from yellowish 

 olive-green to clear canary yellow; upper tail-coverts blackish, broadly 

 margined with olive-green; middle wing-coverts white or pale yellow, 

 only their extreme base dusky; rest of wings dusky, the greater coverts 

 more or less broadl}^ edged with white, pale yellow, pale gray, or pale 

 olive, the remiges narrowly edged with light olive-green, these edgings 

 broader and paler on tertials; tail dusky, with olive-green or grayish 

 edgings, the three outermost rec trices with a large sub terminal patch 

 of white on inner web, decreasing rapidly in size from the first to the 

 third; superciliary stripe rufous-chestnut, at least posteriorly (the 

 anterior portion sometimes yellow); a blackish loral and postocular 

 streak; suborbital and auricular regions plain cinnamon-rufous or 

 rufous-chestnut; sides of neck and under parts yellow, becoming much 

 paler (sometimes white) on flanks, lower abdomen, and under tail- 

 coverts; chest and sides more or less broadly (usually heavily) streaked 

 with black, the throat also sometimes streaked, and often tinged with 

 cinnamon or cinnamon-rufous; bill black, the mandible sometimes 

 brownish basally; iris brown; legs and feet duskj' brownish (in dried 

 skins). 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Myiarchusch like the spring or summer 

 male but black of pileum obscured by broad margins of olive or grayish 

 to the feathers, the black showing as central triangular spots; black 

 spots of back and scapulars nearly concealed; cinnamon-rufous of sides 

 of head largely replaced by yellow; bill paler, the mandible distinctly 

 brownish. 



Young male im, first autum/n. — Myiarchusch like the adult male in autumn, 

 but colors duller; greater wing-coverts edged with pale olive-grayish, 

 instead of whitish ; upper parts showing scarcely any black spotting 

 or streaking and much tinged with grayish; sides of head with scarcely 

 a trace of cinnamon-rufous, yellow of under parts paler, and black 

 streaks of chest and sides narrower and less sharply defined. 



Adult fem.ale in spring and summer. — Above olive, becoming more 

 yellowish on lower rump, where the feathers are sometimes bright 

 olive-yellow with darker mesial streaks, the pileum more or less 

 streaked or spotted with black; wings dusky with light olive edgings, 

 the middle coverts tipped or margined terminally with white, the 

 greater coverts sometimes edged with pale grayish; tail as in adult 




538 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



male; a rather indistinct superciliary streak of dull yellowish or whit- 

 ish; under parts dull whitish, usually more or less tinged with yellow, 

 especially on breast, chest, and sides of neck, the chest and sides more 

 or less distinctly streaked with dusky grayish or blackish; bill, etc., 

 as in adult male. 



Adult female in autwmn and winter. — Similar to the female in 

 spring or summer, but olive of upper parts more or less tinged with 

 gray anteriorly, pileum without black streaks or spots, paler super- 

 ciliary streak obsolete, and streaks on under parts much less distinct, 

 more grayish. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 107.9-119.4 (113.9); wing, 64-70.1 

 (66.3); tail, 44.9^9.5 (47.2); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 (9.8); tarsus, 

 16.3-18.8 (17.8); middle toe, 11.9-12.9 (12.3).^ 



Adult female.— Length- (skim), 109.2-119.4 (113.3); wing, 61-66.8 

 (63.6); tail, 43.4r^7.5 (45.7); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.4 (9.7); tarsus, 

 17.5-18.3 (17.8); middle toe, 11.2-12.4 (11.9).' 



Eastern North America, north to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, 

 southern shores of Hudson Bay (Moose Factory, etc.), and Myiarchusnitoba, 

 breeding southward to "northern New England;" during migration 

 southward through more southern United States east of the Great 

 Plains, wintering in the West Indies (Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Haiti; 

 Porto Rico; St. Croix; Guadeloupe), Yucatan (one record only), and 

 Tobago. Resident in Jamaica, and said to breed on high mountains 

 of that island! 



[Motadlla] tigrina Gmelin, Syat. Nat., i, 1788, 985 (based on Spotted Ydkm Fly- 

 catcher, Myiarchusscwapa lutea micidata, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., vi, 101, pi. 

 257, lower fig.). 



[Sylvia] tigrhiii Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 537. 



Sylvia tigrina Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 34, pi. 44, fig. 2; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., xi, 1817, 228; Ene. M6th., ii, 1823, 428.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., 

 X, 1817, 738. 



M[nioiilta'] tigrina Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilta'] tigrina Geay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3465. 



l^Sylvicola'] tigrina (not of Richardson, 1837) Bonapaete, Gonsp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



^ Fifteen specimens. 



'' Six specimens. 



Specimens from opposite sides of the AUeghenies average, respectively, as foUowa: 




BIBDS OF NOETH Al^D MIDDLE AMERICA. 539 



Sylvicola tigrina Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1867, 91 (Santo Domingo). 



Dendroica tigrina Baikd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 286; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 206.— Barnard, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1860 ( 1861), 436 

 (ChesterCo. .Pennsylvania) .— Gundlach, Journ fur Orn.,1861, 326 (Cuba).— 

 BoAEDMAN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, ix, 1863, 125 (near Calais, Myiarchusine; 

 Bay of Fundy).— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863, 293 (Jamaica).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Clieck List, 1886, no. 650.— Cory, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 28 (West Indian references); ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Baiiamas) ; 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 42; Cat. W. I., 1892, 117 (Abaco, Biminis, Berry Is., 

 Eleuthera, New Providence, "Andros, Watlings I., Rum Cay, Green Cay, 

 and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba; Grand Cayman; Jamaica; Haiti; Porto 

 Rico; St. Croix).— Keyes, Auk, v, 1888, 211 (Iowa City, Iowa, Nov. 27).— 

 Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 244 (w. Myiarchusnitoba, Myiarchusnnesota, Nebraska, 

 Myiarchusssouri, etc.; dates). — Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 133. — Scott, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 18 (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, and Key West, Florida; migr. ). — 

 Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 617 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding).— 

 Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 48 (St. Croix). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 

 1893, 196.— Cherrie, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 (winter, till Apr. 6). 



D[endroica] tigrina Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 493. 



Dcndrreca %n'na Newton (A. and E.), Ibis, 1859, 144 (St. Croix). — Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 71 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862,33 (Racine, 

 Wisconsin) . — Albeecht, Journ. fiir Orn. , 1862, 193 (Jamaica) . — MyiarchusIlweaith, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 86 (Hamilton, Ontario). — Coues, Check List, 

 1873, no. 85; 2d ed., 1882, no. 126; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 245 (synonymy).— 

 Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 63; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); 

 Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 25. — Chamberlain, Auk, ii, 1885, 33 

 (Edmundston, New Brunswick; breeding habits). 



IDendraca] tigrina Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 103. 



Dlendrcecd] tigrina Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 305. 



Dendroeca tigrina Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 616 

 (monogr. ). 



Perissoglossa tigrina Baird, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 181. — Gundlach, 

 Report. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 233; Journ. fur. Orn., 1872, 412 (Cuba); 

 Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 178 (Porto Rico). — Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 212, pi. 12, figs. 1, 2.— Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (descr. young).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. 

 i, 1880, 172; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 90.— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1883, 440 (Yucatan). — Cooke, Orn. andOol., ix, 1884, 117 (migrations); 

 Auk, ii, 1885, 32 (Alda, Nebraska, Myiarchusy 12). -Turner, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 viii, 1885, 237 (Moose Factory, Hudson Bay).— Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 621 (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., x,1885, 335, 651 (Tobago; etc.).. 



[Perissoglossa'] tigrina Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr. 1873, 9. 



P[erissoglossa] tigrina Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 99 (n. e. Illinois; very 

 com. migr.). 



SyMyiarchus mariiima Wilson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 99, pi. 54, fig. 3 (Cape Myiarchusy Co., 

 New Jersey; type now in mus. Vassar College; see Oeton, Am. Nat!, iv, 1871, 

 714).— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 739.— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 200; Am. Orn., i, 1825, 32, pi. 3, fig 3; Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., ii, 1826, 79.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 156, pi. 414.— Nuttall, 

 Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 371.— D'Orbigny, in LaSagra's Hist. 

 Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 70, pi. 10. 



'.maritima Jardinb, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., ii, 1832, 301; iii, 1832,291.— 

 Bonapaetb, Geog. and Comp. List., 1838, 22.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 56; 




540 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 44, pi. 85.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Canada, 2d ed., i, 1840, 424.— Hoy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 

 (Wisconsin).— Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 (Nova 

 Scotia).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Sop. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas ).—Bbbweb, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— Albbeoht, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1861, 53 (Bahamas). 



[Sylvicola] maritima Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 307. 



Certhiola maritima Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 87; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, 

 pi. 17. 



M\nwtilta\ maritima Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



Mniotilta maritima Cabot, Naumannia, ii. Heft, iii, 1852, 66 (Lake Superior). 



Rhimamphm ma,ritimus Gundlaoh, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 474 (Cuba); 1861, 409 

 (do.). 



DENDROICA CARBONATA (Audubon). 



CARBONATED WARBLER, 



Apparently resembling D. tigrina, but differing in having no cin- 

 namon-rufous on sides of head, no white spots on inner webs of lateral 

 rectrices(?), and in having the greater wing-coverts tipped with j'ellow 

 instead of edged with whitish. 



^^ Young male. — Bill of ordinary length, nearly straight, subulate- 

 conical, acute, nearly as deep as broad at the base, the edges acute, the 

 gap line slightly deflected at the base. Nostrils basal, lateral, ellip- 

 tical, half-closed by a membrane. Head rather small. Neck short. 

 Body slender. Feet of ordinary length, slender; tarsus longer than 

 the middle toe, covered anteriorlj'^ by a few scutella, acutely edged 

 behind; toes scutellate above, the inner free, the hind toe of moderate 

 size; claws slender, compressed, acute, arched. Plumage soft, blended, 

 tufty. Wings of ordinary length, acute, the second quill longest. 

 Tail short, notched. 



"Carbonated Warbler, Sylvia oarionata, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. i, 

 p. 308. 



" Bill brownish-black above, light blue beneath. Iris hazel. Feet 

 light flesh-color. Upper part of the head black. Fore part of the 

 back, lesser wing-coverts, and sides dusky, spotted with black. Lower 

 back dull yellowish-green, as is the tail, of which the outer web of 

 the outer feather is whitish. Tips of the second row of coverts white, 

 of the first row yellow; quills dusky, their outer webs tinged with 

 yellow. A line from the lore over the eye, sides of the neck, and the 

 throat bright yellow. A dusky line behind the eye. The rest of the 

 under parts dull yellow, excepting the sides. 



"Length, 41 inches; bill along the ridge five-twelfths, along the 

 gap seven-twelfths; tarsus three-fourths.'". 



Kentucky (Henderson, Myiarchusy, 18H). 



This bird continues to be known only from Audubon's description 

 and colored plate. 



'Audubon, Birds of America, oct. ed., ii, 1841, 95. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 541 



Sylma carbonata Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 308, pi. 60 (near Henderson, Ken- 

 tucky; type not preserved).— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 

 1832, 405. 



Sylvicola carbonata Eichakdson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172. 



Vermivora carbonata Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. 



Helinaia carbonata Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 68; Birds Am., oct. e<l., ii, 1841, 95, 

 pi. 109. 



M[niotilta'] carbonata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[MniotiUa] carbonata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3493. 



[HelmUheros] carbonata Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Dendroica carbonata Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 287; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 207; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 207. 



D\endroica'] carbonata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 493. 



Dendroeca carbonata Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockli., xxvi, 1870, 

 618 (monogr.). 



Dendroeca carbonata Myiarchusynard, Birds Eastern U. S., 1882, 521. — Siiarpe,' Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 264, footnote. 



Dendroica [Perissoglossa f) carbonata American Oenitholsgists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, 356 ("Hypothetical List," no. 23). 



Perissoglossa carbonata Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 

 214, pi. 12, fig. 3.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 91. 



Helminthophagn (?) carbonata Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 237, footnote. 



DENDROICA C^RULESCENS CffiRULESCENS (Gmelin). 

 BLACE-TEROATED BLUE WARBLER. 



Adult male tn spring and sunmier. — Above plain dull grajash indigo 

 blue, the back sometimes more or less spotted or clouded with black; 

 wings, except lesser coverts, black, the middle coverts broadly mar- 

 gined, the greater coverts broadly edged, the remiges narrowly edged, 

 with dull grayish indigo blue, the tertials chiefly of the latter color; 

 primaries (except outermost) extensively white basally, forming a con- 

 spicuous patch; all the remiges with inner webs extensively white 

 basally and edged with white; rectrices black, narrowly edged with dull 

 grayish indigo blue, the three outermost with a large subterminal patch 

 of white on inner webs; sides of head (including lores, orbits, auricular 

 region, and malar region), chin, throat, sides of chest, sides, and flanks 

 uniform deep black, that along sides and flanks somewhat broken by 

 white streaking; rest of under parts, together with axillars and under 

 wing-coverts, white; bill black; iris brown; legs and feet duskj^ brown 

 (in dried skins). 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Exactly like the spring and 

 summer plumage, but white portion of flanks very faintlj^ tinged with 

 brownish buff, and mandible brownish instead of black. 



Young male in first fall and w^V^^!er. — Similar to the adult, male of 

 corresponding season, but white of under parts more or less tinged 

 with yellowish, bluish gray of upper parts tinged with olive-green, 

 and black feathers of throat, etc., more or less distinctl^^ margined 

 with whitish. 

 Adult female in spring and summer. — ^Above plain olive, relieved 




542 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



by a white or whitish spot, of greater or less extent,' at base of longer 

 primaries; rectrices darker and more gra.yish olive, edged with light 

 bluish or greenish gray, the inner web of outermost rectrix some- 

 times with an indistinct paler, rarely whitish, subterminal spot; a 

 whitish streak on upper and lower eyelids, the former continued back- 

 ward for a greater or less distance over auriculars; under parts, includ- 

 ing malar region, pale, dull olive-yellowish, shaded with olive laterally; 

 bill blackish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried 

 skins). 



Adiilt female m autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer plumage, but color of upper parts brighter, more greenish 

 olive, under parts more decidedly yellowish, bill browner, and legs 

 and feet paler brown. 



'•'■First plumage, male. — Remiges and rectrices as in autumnal males, 

 the former slightly paler in color. Rest of upper parts, including the 

 wing-coverts, dark olive- brown; sides of head very dark brown; lores 

 black; throat, jugulum, lower eyelid, and a very conspicuous supra- 

 orbital line, pale buff; breast and sides ashy, tinged with ohve. 

 Abdomen, anal region, and crissum strong sulphur-yellow. White 

 spot on base of primaries fully developed. 



'■'■First plumage, fmnale. — Remiges and rectrices as in autumnal 

 female. Rest of upper parts, including wing- coverts and sides of 

 head, light olive-brown. Lores dull black. Superciliary line, both 

 eyelids, throat, jugulum, abdominal and anal regions, with crissum, 

 light buff. Breast and sides olive, tinged with buff. Spot on base of 

 primaries dirty white." ^ 



Adult ma^e.— Length (skins), 110-120 (114.3); wing, 62-67 (66,2); 

 tail, 49-54 (51.1); exposed culmen, 8.5-10 (9.4); tarsus, 17.5-19.5 (18.7).' 



Adult female.— Y^Qw^t'Q. (skins), 110-121 (114); wing, 60-63 (61.1); 

 tail, 47.5-51 (48.5); exposed culmen, 9-9.5 (9.2); tarsus, 18-19 (18.6).' 



Eastern North America, breeding from northeastern Connecticut 

 (Eastford), mountains of Pennsylvania (Bedford, Cambria, Clinton, 

 Fayette, Huntingdon, Myiarchusfflin, Somerset, and Warren counties), noiih- 

 ern Ontario (Myiarchusskoka, etc.), and southern Myiarchuschigan (vicinity of 



^This spot often very small, sometimes obsolete. 

 ^ Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 57, 58. 

 ■' Seventeen specimens. 

 * Ten specimens. 



New England specimens compare in average measurements with those from Myiarchuschi- 

 gan as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen. 



Tarsus, 



Twelve adult males £rom New England (including one from Long 



Island) 



Five adult males from Myiarchuschigan 



65.1 

 66.4 



50.9 

 51.7 



18.6 

 19 




BIRDS OE' NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 543 



Detroit) northward to Labrador and shores of Hudson Bay ; westward, 

 during migration, to base of Rocky Mountains, in Colorado and New 

 Mexico (Rio Myiarchusmbres and Rio Grande), accidentally to California 

 (Farallone Islands, one specimen, November 17, 1886) ; southward in 

 winter to West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Haiti, 

 Porto Rico), Swan Island (Caribbean Sea), Cozumel Island, Yucatan, 

 Guatemala (Coban), and northern South America (Colombia to centi'al 

 Peru). No Mexican record, except Cozumel Island, Yucatan; nor Cen- 

 tral American, except Coban, Guatemala. 



[MotadUd] canadensis (not of Linnfeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334) Linnaeus, 

 Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 336 (based on Le Petit Figuier c.endH de Canada, Ficedula 

 canadensis cinerea minor, Brisson, Orn., iii, 527, pi. 27, fig. 6, and Blue 

 Flycatcher, Myiarchusseicapa cierulea, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., v, 91, pi. 252, 

 fig. 1).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 991. 



Motacilla canadensis Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 43 (baaed on PI. Enl., pi. 

 685, fig. 2). 



[Sylvia] canadensis Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 539. 



Sylvia canadensis Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 115, pi. 15, fig. 7. — Bonaparte, 

 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 191; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 84.— 

 Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 398. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., 

 ii, 1834, 309, pis. 148, 155. 



Phyllopneuste canadensis Boie, Isis, 1828, 321. 



Sylvicola canadensis Rica AB.DSON, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bona- 

 parte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 61; Birds 

 Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 63, pi. 95.— Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 38.— Wood- 

 house, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zufii and Col., 1853, 71 (Texas; Indian Terri- 

 tory). — Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (Rio Myiarchusmbres and 

 Rio Grande, New Mexico). — Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 231 (Santo 

 Domingo).— Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 (Nova 

 Scotia).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas); xi, 1867, 

 91 (San to Domingo).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— 

 Albeecht, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 53 (Bahamas). 



[Sylvicola'] canadensis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



Mlniotiltal canadensis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilta} canadensis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3471. 



EMmamphus canadensis Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 473 (Cuba); 1861, 

 408 (do.). 



Dendroica canadensis Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 271; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 193.— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba).— 

 Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863, 293 (Jamaica). 



Dendrceca canadensis Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 70 (Jamaica).— 

 Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 193' ( Jamaica). —Dkesser, Ibis., 1865, 478 

 (Texas).— Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 

 1879, 223 (Tambillo, n. Peru). 



[Drndrcecal canadensis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



[Motacilla'] cserulescens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 960 (based on La Fauvette 

 bleudtre de S. Domingue Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 164; Blue-gray Warbler 

 Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. 2, 440). 



Motacilla cserulescens Lesson, Traits d'Orn., i, 1831, 419. 



[Sylvia] ccendescens Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 520. 




544 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Sylvia cierulescens Vibillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 25, pi. 80; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., xi, 1817, 168; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 432.— Stephens, Shaw's Geu. Zool., 

 X, 1817, 651.— D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 63. 



Dendroica cicrulescens Baird, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 186. — Gdndlach, 

 Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 186; Journ. fiir Orn., 1872, 413 (Cuba); 

 Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 179 (Porto Rico). — Baied, Brewer, 

 and RIDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 254, pi. 12, figs. 10, 11.— Beewee, 

 Proo. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (n. New England, breeding); xix, 

 1878, 303 (Eastford, n. e. Connecticut, breeding;.— Pidgway, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan); x, 1888, 575 (Swan L, 

 Caribbean Sea); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 139. — American Ornithologists' 

 Union, Check List, 1886, no. 654.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 33 (West Indian 

 localities and references); vi, 1889,31 (Little Cayman); Birds W. I., 1889, 

 47; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (New Providence, Andros, Concepcion, 

 Watlings I., Great Inagua, and Anguilla, Bahamas; Cuba; Isle of Pines; 

 Jamaica; Haiti; Porto Rico). — Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 1886, 

 138 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Bryant 

 (W. E.), Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., i, 1888, 48 (Farallone Islands, Cali- 

 fornia, 1 spec, Nov. 17, 1886).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 246 

 (dates, etc.); Auk, xi, 1894, 183 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, 1 spec.).— 

 Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, and Key West, 

 Florida, rare migrant). — Wayne, Auk, vii, 1890, 410 (Pinopolis, South Caro- 

 lina, Dec. 6).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 201, pi. 14, fig. 2.— 

 Kellogg, Auk, xi, 1894, 260 (Finney Co., w. Kansas, Oct. 17). — Allen, 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (Las Nubes, Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, 

 Dec); Auk, xvii, 1900, 367 (Las Nubes).— Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 43 

 (Myiarchusskoka, etc., n. Ontario, breeding). — Wood (J. C), Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 

 (Detroit, Myiarchuschigan, breeding). — Stone, Auk, xviii, 1901, 110 (sequence of 

 plumages). 



Dlendroica] cseruleacens Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 496. 



Dendroica caerulescens Chbreie, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 (Santo Domingo, 

 abundant in winter ) . 



[Dendrwca'] aerulescens Coues, Key N. Am, Birds, 1872, 99. — Sclatee and Salvin, 

 Nora. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. — Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5. — Cory, List Birds 

 W. I., 1885, 8. 



Dendroica aerulescens Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 76. — Jones, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, i, 1876, 11-13 (n. e. Connecticut; breeding habits); Orn. and Col., vi, 

 1881, 49 (Connecticut, breeding); ix, 1884, 30 (Eastford, Connecticut, breed- 

 ing).— Gundlach, Orn. Cuba, 1876, 64. — Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 iii, 1878, 57 (descr. young).— Bagg, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 238 

 (Hamilton Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Cory, Birds 

 Bahama Is., 1880, 58; Auk, vi, 1881, 151 (liaiti); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 

 1885, 26.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 126-(Cobaii, 

 Guatemala). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 94.— Tristram, Ibis, 

 1884, 168 (Santo Domingo).— Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 213 (song).— Sharpe, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 329, 651 (Jamaica; Haiti; Vera Paz, Guate- 

 mala, etc. ) . 



Dendroeca cserulescens Sundevall Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh. , xxvi, 1870, 610 

 (monogr. ). 



Dendroica carulescens Tdrnbull, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 24; Phila. ed.,17. 



Dendrceca ccerulescens Coubs, Birds N. W., 1874, 55; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 241 

 footnote (synonymy); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 117. 



Dlendrceca] ccerulescens Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106. — Ooues, 

 Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 300. 



[Mniotilta} ccerulescens Giebbl, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 602. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



545 



Sylvia pudlla (not of Wilson, 1811) Wilson, Am. Orn., v, 1812, 100, pi. 43, flg. 4 



(Pennsylvania; not of vol. iv, 1811, 17, pi. 28, = Compsothlypu americana.)— 



Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197. 

 Sylvicolapusilla'DtiNSY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 38 (Jamaica; Cuba). 

 J^lvia Imcoptera Wilson, "Index, and 2d ed. (Hall's ed.), ii, 390." (Coues.) 



[Substitute for S. pmilla Wilson, preoccupied.] 

 Sylvia pcdusiris Stephens, Shaw's Gen. ZooL, x, 1817, 722 (substitute for ,S'. pusilla 



Wilson). 

 Sylvia macropos Vibillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 451 (substitute for S. pusilla 



Wilson). 

 Mlniotilta'] macropus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 Sylvia sphagnosa Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 199 (substitute 



for 8. pusilla Wilson): Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 85.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn 



U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 406.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 279. 

 Vireo sphagnosa Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., ii, 1832, 193.— Bkewek, ed. 



Wilson's Am. Orn., 1840, 393. 

 Sylvicola pannosa Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 162 (Jamaica; = female); Illustr. 



Birds Jam., 1849, pi. 37. 

 M[niotilta.] pannosa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 Dmdrma pannosa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 71 (Jamaica). — 



Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 193 (Jamaica). 



DENDROICA C^ERULESCENS CAIRNSI Coues. 



CAIRNS' WARBLER. 



Similar to D. c. cwrulescens, but adult male darker above, especially 

 the pileum, which is not lighter blue than the back, the latter usually 

 more or less spotted or clouded with black, sometimes chiefly black, 

 the pileum sometimes streaked with black; adult female darker and 

 dullei olive above and less yellowish beneath, with the olive of flanks 

 darker and more strongly contrasted with the pale olive-yellowish of 

 abdomen. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 107-122 (115.1); wing, 60.5-68 (65.5); 

 tail, 48.5-54.5 (51.6); exposed culmen, 8.5-9.5 (9.3); tarsus, 18-19.5 

 (18.8).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 108-120 (111.6); wing, 68.5-63 

 (61.5); tail, 45.5-51 (49.3); exposed culmen, 9-9.5 (9.3); tarsus, 18-19.5 

 (18.8).^ 



'Twenty-five specimens. 



' Ten specimens. 



Average measurements of breeding males from mountains of Virginia (Mountain 

 Lake), Myiarchusryland (Garrett County), and Pennsylvania (Somerset, Myiarchusfflin, Clarion, 

 Fayette, Bedford, and Centre counties), respectively, are as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen. 



Thirteen breeding males from -Virginia 



Five breeding males from Myiarchusryland 



Seven Breeding males from Pennsylvania . . 



3654— VOL 2—01 35 



65,5 

 64.2 



51.8 

 50.5 

 52.1 



9.2 

 9.4 



18.7 

 18.9 

 18.8 




546 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Breeding in mountain districts of Pennsylvania^ and southward 

 along higher AUeghenies to the Co wee and Black mountains in west- 

 ern North Carolina; Cumberland Island, Georgia, during migration 

 (one specimen, April 9), and Cuba in winter (Myiarchustanzas, one specimen, 

 February 14, 1900). 



Dendrowa cxrulescens (not Motadlla cserulescem Gmelin) Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 174 (Cowee Mts. and Black Mts. , w. North Carolina, breeding at 3,200 to 4,500 

 ft.) •— LooMyiarchuss, Auk, X, 1893, 154 (Chester Co., South Carolina; notice of 

 specimens with black on back and crown). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila , 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, breeding); Auk, xi, 1894, 182 

 (Pocono Mts., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Todd, Auk, x, 1893, 40, 45 (Indi- 

 ana and Clearfield counties, Pennsylvania, breeding). — Baily, Auk, xiii, 

 1896, 295 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breeding). — Rives, J^uk, xv, 1898, 136 

 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt). 



Dendrceca cosrulescens cairnsi Coues, Papers World's Congress Orn., 1896, 138, 

 footnote (nomen nudum I ) . 



Dendroica cssrulescens cairiisi Cohes, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 96 (mountains of w. 

 North Carolina; coll. W. Brewster; here first characterized). — American 

 Ornithologists' Union Comjiittee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 123. — Bangs, Auk, xv, 

 1898, 192 (Cumberland I., Georgia, 1 spec, Apr. 9; crit.). 



DENDROICA CORONATA (Linnaeus). 

 SrSmTLE WARBLER. 



Adult male inHprlruj and»Luit.mer. — Above bluish slate-gray, streaked 

 (except sometimes on hindneck) with black, the streaks broadest on 

 back and scapulars; crown with a large, partly concealed, elongated 

 patch of bright lemon yellow, the lower rump with a triangular patch 

 of paler yellow; wings black with gray edgings, the middle and greater 

 coverts rather broadly tipped with white, producing two distinct bands; 

 upper tail-coverts black margined with slate-gray; tail black with gray 

 edgings, the three outermost i-ectrices with a large subterminal patch 

 of white on inner web, decreasing in size from the outermost to the 



' I am unable to define with any degree of accuracy the respective breeding ranges 

 of this form and of D. c. cserulescens in Pennsylvania. Among a large series of spec- 

 imens obtained during the breeding season, belonging to the collection of the Biolog- 

 ical Survey, are some which I can not distinguish from typical D. c. cairnsi (some of 

 them apparently extreme examples, even, of that form) from Cambria, Clarion, Elk, 

 Fayette, Forest, Franklin, Indiana, MyiarchusKean, Somerset, and Westmoreland counties, 

 four of these counties, namely, Cambria, Clarion, Fayette, and Somerset, being repre- 

 sented by specimens which I am unable to distinguish from typical D. c. cscrvkacm. 

 Breeding specimens from Garrett County, Myiarchusryland, vary in much the same way. 

 On the whole, the form is not a very satisfactory one, one of the two characters on 

 which it was based (smaller size) tailing altogether {D. c. cairnsi averaging slightly 

 larger, in fact, than D. c. cserulescens) , and the other only partially so, since many 

 specimens of D. c. cairrm, have little if any black on the back, while many of D. c 

 cserulescens have quite as much as the average amount shown in D. c. cairrm. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 547 



third; a supraloral spot or streak, and a narrow spot on each eyelid, 

 white, that on upper eyelid sometimes extended backward above auricu- 

 lar region, sometimes confluent with the white supraloral spot; sides 

 of head, including entire loial, suborbital, and auricular regions, uni- 

 form black; malar region, chin, and throat white, the lower portion of 

 the last sometimes partly black; chest more or less heavily spotted or 

 clouded with black, this color sometimes nearly uniform; a large patch 

 of light lemon or canary yellow on each side of breast; median line of 

 breast, together with abdomen and under tail-coverts, white; between 

 the yellow lateral patches and the white median area of the breast an 

 elongated patch of black, confluent with jugular area, and extending 

 backward to the flanks, where broken into broad streaks; bill black; 

 iris brown; legs and feet dark brown. 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Very different from the summer 

 plumage; above grayish brown, with the black streaks concealed, except 

 on back and scapulars, where much less conspicuous than in summer 

 plumage; yellow crown-patch concealed by brown tips to the feathers; 

 sides of head brown, like pileum, varied by the same white markings 

 as in summer plumage, but these less distinct; chin, throat, and chest 

 brownish white or pale buffy brown, the last more or less streaked 

 with black; lateral yellow pectoral patches less distinct than in summer, 

 usually tinged with brownish and' flecked with dusky; biack sublateral 

 pectoral areas broken by broad white margins to feathers; wings and 

 tail as in summer, but white bands across former more or less brownish. 



Adult female in sjpring and sumineft'. — Similar to the summer male, 

 but smaller and duller in color; the upper parts tinged (sometimes 

 strongly) with brown; yellow crowntpatch smaller; wing-bands nar- 

 rower; sides of head brown or dusky brownish gray, instead of black; 

 less of black on chest and sides of breast, and yellow lateral pectoral 

 patches smaller and paler yellow. 



Admit female in autuTun and winter. — Similar to the winter male, 

 but smaller; upper parts more decidedly brown, with streaks obsolete, 

 except on back; yellow crown-patch more restricted (sometimes nearly 

 obsolete) ; wing-bands, eyelids, etc. , pale brown ; under parts pale buffy 

 brown anteriorly and laterally, the median portion of breast, abdomen, 

 and under tail-coverts dull yellowish white; yellow patches on sides of 

 breast indistinct, sometimes obsolete. 



Yoimg, first plumage. — Above distinctly streaked with grayish 

 dusky and white; beneath grayish white, streaked with dusky; wings 

 and tail much as in adults. 



Adult ma^e.— Length (skins), 120-140 (129); wing, 70-78 (74.1); 

 tail, 50-60 (56.2); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 18-21 (19.6); 

 middle toe, 10.5-13 (12).^ 



^ Twenty-five specimens. 




548 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult female.— h^x^gih (skins), 118-140 (130); wing, 6Y-75 (70.5); 

 tail, 51.4-59 (56.1); exposed culmen, 8.2-10.4 (9.2); tarsus, 18-19.6 

 (18.7); middle toe, 11.2-12.8 (12).' 



North America in general, chiefly east and north of Rocky Moun- 

 tains; breeding from mountains of western Myiarchusssachusetts (Berkshire 

 Co.), northeastern New York (Adirondacks), northern Myiarchuschigan (Myiarchuscki- 

 nac Island), Myiarchusnitoba, etc., to limit of tree-growth (Labrador to west- 

 ern Alaska) ; wintering from United States (except extreme northern 

 portions) southward to West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, 

 and Porto Rico), island of Old Providence (Caribbean Sea), and through 

 Mexico (both coasts) and Central America to Isthmus of Panama; acci- 

 dental in Greenland (three records), eastern Siberia (Tschuktschi 

 Peninsula, Myiarchusy); occasional in Bahamas. Said to breed in Jamaica! 



IMotacilla] coronata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 333 (based on Golden- 

 croiimed Flycatcher, Mnscicapa cmreo vertice, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist. 

 187, pi. 298, fig. 1).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 974. 



Motacilla coronata Boddabrt, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 44. 



ISylvia} coronata Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 538. — Vibillot, 01s. Am. Sept., 

 ii, 1807, 24, pis. 78, 79; Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat, xi, 1817, 178; Enc. M^th., 

 ii, 1823, 426.— Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 138, pi. 17, fig. 4; ii, 356, pi. 45, 

 fig. 3. — Stephens, Shaw's Gen. ZooL, x, 1817,636. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. 

 Nat Sci. Phila., iv, 1824,192; Ann. Lye. N. Y.,ii, 1826, 77.— Lesson, Traits 

 d'Orn., 1831, 418.— Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 2 (Alvarado 

 and Temascaltepec) ; see Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 57.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. 

 U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 361.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 303, pi. 153.— 

 D'Okbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 60.— Weiz, Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., X, 1866,267 (Labrador). 



i^lvicoht, coronata Swainson and Richahdson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 216.— 

 BoNAPAETB, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 51; 

 Birds Am., oct ed., ii, 1841, 23, pi. 76. — Gossb, Birds Jamaiea, 1847,155.— 

 Denny, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 38 (Jamaica and Cuba). — Jakdinb, 

 Contr. Orn., 1848, 82 (Bermudas, Sept to Dec. 17).— Hurdis, Jardine's 



' Twenty-one specimens. 



Western specimens average slightly larger, but the difference is too inconstant to 

 justify separation, especially in the absence of any difference in color. Average 

 measxirements are as follows: 




B1BD9 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 549 



Contr. Orn., 1850,7 (Bermudas, Oct. 30 to Jan. 24).— Myiarchusktens, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1850, 213 (Bermudas).— Reinhardt, Journ. fur Orn., 1854, 439 (Green- 

 land).— Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (New Mexico).— 

 Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1855, 142 (Myiarchusssachusetts, Jan.); vii, 1859, 

 110 (Bahamas); x, 1866, 251 (Porto Rico); xi, 1867, 91 (Santo Domingo); 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1866, 184 (Porto Rico).— Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond , 

 1857, 231 (Santo Domingo).— Bland, Ann. Rep. Smithson Inst, for 1859 

 (1860), 287 (Bermudas) .—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 

 (Cuba.)— Alerecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 52 (Bahamas); 1862, 194,201 

 (Jamaica). 



ISylmcola] coroncUa Bonaparte, Cousp. Av. , i, 1850, 307. 



M[niotilta] coronaia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[MniotUta] coronata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3466. 



Mniotilta varia Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 5 (s. Greenland; 3 instances). 



E[himanphw'] cororaato Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850,19. 



Rhimamphus coronata Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 473 (Cuba); 1861, 408 

 (do). — SCLATER, Proo. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). 



Dendroica coronata Gray, List Gen. Birds, App., 1842, 8. — Baird, Rep. Pacific R. 

 R. Surv.,ix, 1858,272; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 194; Review Am. Birds, 

 1865,187 (Myiarchusrador and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Coban and Dueilas, Guatemala; 

 Jamaica; Porto Rico; "Panama"). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 

 295 (Cordova). — Sclatek and Salvin, Ibis, 1859,11 (Guatemala). — Henry, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico). — Cooper and Suckley, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 180 (Whidbey I., Washington, Apr., 

 2 specs.). — BoARDMAN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ix, 1862, 125 (Myiarchusine, breed- 

 ing). — Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863, 292 (Jamaica, breeding). — 

 Gundlach, Repert. Fisico.— Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 2.33 (Cuba); Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1872,413 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878,180 (Porto Rico).— 

 Butcher, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xx, 1868, 149 (Laredo, Texas, Dec, 

 Jan.). — Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Nat. Sci., i, 1869, 278 (Nuk- 

 lukahyet and Nulato, Alaska). — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 

 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, winter). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 

 (Costa Rica).— Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 196 (El Paso Co., 

 Colorado). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 227, 

 pi. 12, figs. 9, 12.^Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 58 (Den- 

 ver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 7-17); Zool. Exped.W. 100th Merid., 1875, 193 (do.).— 

 Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439(n. New England, breeding). — 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 655. — Cory, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 34; iv, 1887, 180 (Old Providence I., Caribbean Sea) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 

 48; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry Island^■, 

 Eleuthera, New Providence, Rum Cay, North Caicos, Grand Caicos, East 

 Caicos, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Haiti; Porto Rico). — 

 Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 1886, 138 (Adirondacks, New York, 

 breeding).— Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 202.— Townsend 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 13 (Kowak R., n.w. Alaska)^ Proc U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 223 

 (Red Bluff, Myiarchusy, and Humboldt Bay, fall, ii. California; "plentiful").— 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 575 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 140.— Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Catalina Mts., etc, Arizona 

 regular migrant); 430 (Key West, Florida, July 28).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 246-248 (dates, etc.; breeding from n. Myiarchusnnesota north- 

 ward).— Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 209 (Pacific coast rec- 

 ords ).—Chereie, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, Jan. 19 and Feb. 

 15).— Thompson, Proc U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.,xiii, 1890, 618 (Myiarchusnitoba, breed- 

 ing).— Myiarchuscpaelane, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 444 (Anderson R., 




550 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Arctic Am., breeding). —Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893,484 

 (Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Nov. 28 and Feb. 16). — White, 

 Auk, X, 1893,227 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan, breeding).— Nutting, Bull. Lab. 

 N. H. State Univ. Iowa, ii, 1893, 277 (Ohemawawin, Saskatchewan, breed- 

 ing) . — Neheling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 204, pi. 13, fig. 5. — Rhoads, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 54 (Vancouver I. and Washington during 

 migration). — Allen (F. H.),Auk, xii, 1895, 89 (Berkshire Co., Myiarchusssachu- 

 setts, breeding) . — Thorne, Auk, xii, 1895, 218 (Fort Keogh, Montana, com- 

 mon in spring). — Cherrie, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 (winter, till Myiarchusrch 

 27).— Allen (G. M.), Auk, xiv, 1897, 326 (Mount Wachusett, Myiarchusssachusetts, 

 1 spec, July 29). — Geinnell, Rep. Birds Santa Barbara, etc., 1897, 7 (Santa 

 Barbara I., California, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 15) ; Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 

 (Los Angeles Co., California, common winter visitant). — Dwight, Auk, xvi, 

 1899, 217, pi. 3, upper fig. (sequence of plumages). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1900, 33 (Point Tangent, Alaska^June 3).— Osgood, N. Am. 

 Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 79 (Fort Kenai, Alaska) .—Myiarchusillard, Condor, iii, 1901, 

 126 (San Benito Co., California, winter resident). — Howell, Auk, xviii, 

 1901, 344 (Mt. Myiarchusnsfield, Vermont, breeding).— BiGELOw, Auk, xix, 1902,30 

 (coasts. Labrador, breeding). 



[Dendroica cownata] var. coronata Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 219. 



Dendroica coronatus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). 



Dendrceca coroiKitn Sclater, ' Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 30 (Jamaica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 viii, 1863, 484 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (Angostura, Costa Rica); Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Dec, Jan. ). — Sclatee 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R. ) ; 1870, 836 (San 

 Pedro, Honduras). — Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.). — Duoia, La 

 Naturaleza, i, 1870, 140 (Guanajuato).- Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870,89 (CaUfor- 

 nia; Straits of Fuca and Paget Sound, Washington-). — Newton (A.), Myiarchusn. 

 Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 97 (3 specs.).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 78; 

 2d ed. 1882, no. 119; Birds N. W., 1874, 57, 232 (Colorado, abundant); 

 Birds Col. Val., 1878, 278.— Gundlach, Orn. Cuba, 1876, 65.— Brewster, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 58 (descr. young); (?) vii, 1882, 137 

 (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, Myiarchusr.; crit. ). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., iii, 1878, 65 (Calaveras Co., Nicasio, and Haywards, California); 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 95.— Mbaens, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 34 (wintering in lower Hudson Valley). — Kumlien, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 no. 15, 1879, 74 (Godhavn, Greenland, 1 spec, July 31, 1878); Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, v, 1880, 182 (e. Myiarchusryland, breeding ??).— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 127 (Belize, British Hondm'as; Escuintla, 

 Duenas, San Geronimo, Coban, and Cahabon, Guatemala; Volcan de Chiri- 

 qui, Veragua; etc. ).— Jeffries, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 118 (winter- 

 ing at Swampscott, Myiarchusssachusetts). — Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 

 1879, 405 (Myiarchusrysville and Myiarchusrphys, California, Dec. to Feb., abundant).— 

 Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 59; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 

 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 30. — Allen and Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 158 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, Apr., com- 

 mon).— Hartlaub, Journ. fiir Orn., 1883, 267 (Portage Bay, Alaska).— 

 Nelson, Cruise ' ' Corwin, ' '1881 (1883) , 64 ( Norton Sound, Alaska) .—Boucabd, 

 Proc Zool. Soc, Lond., 1883, 440 (Izamal, Yucatan).— Fox, Auk, i, 1884, 

 192 (Hollis, New Hampshire, June 25). — MyiarchusLenegan, Cruise "Corwin," 

 1884, 114 (Kowak R., Alaska).— Goodale, Auk, ii, 1885, 216 (Pine Point, 




SIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 551 



Myiarchusine, Jan. 1; 6 specimens). ^Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 311, 



649 (Repulse Bay and Fort Simpson, arctic Am.; Ciudad Durango, ' July 



27 !; Myiarchuszatlan; Progreso, Yucatan; etc.). 

 [Dendrceca} coronata Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr 1873 9 — Coey 



List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. > . • , 



Dlendroscal coronata Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— Coues, 



Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 301. 

 Dendroeca coronata Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 



(Porto Rico), 613 (monogr.).— Palmen, Vega-Exp., 1887, 276 (Tschuktschi 



Peninsula, Siberia, Myiarchusy 25, 1879). 

 .[Motacilki} canadensis Linn^eds, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334 (baaed on Figuier 



cendrS de Canada, Ficedida canadensis cinerea, Brisson, Orn iii 524 pi 27 



fig. 1). ' '^- ' 



[Parus] virginianus Linnjsus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 342 (based on Myiarchusange 



de Virginie, Parus virginianus, Brisson, Orn., iii, 575; Yellow-rump, Parus 



uropygeo luteo, Catesby, Carolina, i, 58, pi. 58).— Latham, Index Orn ii 



1790, 567. 

 Pm-us virginianus Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 50. 

 [MotacUla] cincta Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 980 (based on Belted Warbler Fen- 



nant, Arctic ZooL, ii, 408; Latham, Gen. Synop., ii, pt. 2, 487, etc.) — 



Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 539. 

 ■ [Motacilla'] umbria Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 959 (based on Fauvette ombree de 



la Louisiane Buff on. Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 162, and Fauvette tachetk de la Loui- 



siane Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 709, fig. 1). 

 [Sylvia] umbria Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 518. 

 [Motacilla'] pinguis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 973 (based on Orasset WarblerVen- 



nant, Arct. Zool., ii, 1785, 411). 

 [Sylvia] pinguis Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 543. 

 [Sylvia] flavopygia Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 47 (same basis as Parus t>ir- 



ginianus Linnaeus). 

 Sylvia xanthorhoa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat. xi, 1817, 180 (based on 



Yellow-rump, Parus uropygeo luteo, Catesby, Carolina, i, 58, pi. 58) . 

 Sylvia xanthoroa Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 444. 

 Dmdroica coronata hooveri MyiarchusGregoe, Bull. Cooper Orn. Club, i, no. 2, Myiarchusr.- 



Apr. (pub. Myiarchusr. 15), 1899, 32 (lalo Alto, California, Apr. 16; coll. R. C. 



MyiarchusGregor).— Bishop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 90 (Skagway, Glacier, Log 



Cabin, Caribou Crossing, etc., Alaska; crit. ). 



DENDROICA AUDUBONI AUDUBONI (Townsend). 

 AUDUBOlf'S WAEBIEK. 



Similar to D. coronata, but throat yellow (in adults') instead of white, 

 and with more white on inner webs of reotrices; adult male with auric- 

 ular region bluish gray instead of black, with a large and conspicuous 



' In some young females in their first autumn or winter there is absolutely no trace 

 of yellow on the throat. Such specimens can be distinguished from immature 

 females of D. coronata only by the decidedly greater amount of white on the inner 

 webs of the outermost rectrices, D. auduboni having four to five thus marked, while 

 in D. coronata there are only two to three. As a rule, immature specimens of D. 

 auduboni are very slightly grayer brown, and less distinctly streaked, above, but the 

 difference is by no means constant. 




552 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



white patch covering middle and greater wing-coverts, and with a 

 white subterminal patch on inner webs of four to five outeraiost rec- 

 trices; females and young also with a white subterminal patch or spot 

 on inner web of four to five outermost rectrices. 



Adult male in xpring and summer. — Above bluish slate-gray, 

 streaked, except sometimes on supra-auricular region, occiput, and 

 hindneck, with black, the streaks broadest on back, scapulars, and 

 upper tail-coverts, where partaking more of the character of triangular 

 or wedge-shaped central spots; crown with a large central elongated 

 patch of rich lemon or gamboge yellow; lower rump with a triangular 

 patch of lighter lemon or canary yellow; wings black, the middle and 

 greater coverts very broadly tipped with white, the latter also broadly 

 edged with white, forming a large and conspicuous wing-patch, the 

 remiges narrowly edged with gray (broader on tertials); tail black with 

 bluish gray edgings (becoming white on outermost rectrix); inner webs 

 of four to five outermost rectrices with a large subterminal patch of 

 white, decreasing in size inwardly; sides of head bluish slate-gray, 

 like general color of upper parts, darkening (sometimes into nearly 

 black) on suborbital region and lores, and relieved by a white spot on 

 upper eyelid (sometimes small and restricted to posterior portion) and 

 a larger one on lower eyelid; chin and throat bright lemon or gamboge 

 yellow; chest black, or mixed black and gray; median portion of 

 breast, together with abdomen and under tail-coverts, white; sides of 

 breast, next to median white space, black, forming a large patch, con- 

 fluent anteriorly with the black or partly black jugular area, and con- 

 tinued posteriorly over sides and flanks in broad streaks; a large patch 

 of yellow on each side of breast outside the black area; bill black; iris 

 brown; legs and feet dark brown or brownish black. 



Adult male in axitxuiin or winter. — Myiarchusch duller and browner than 

 the summer male, and showing much less of black, that of chest and 

 sides mostly overlaid by broad tips or margins to the feathers of 

 brownish white; gray of upper parts much obscured by a wash of 

 brown, and white wing-markings tinged with brown. 



Advlt female in spring and summer. — Essentially like the summer 

 male in coloration, but much duller and with less of black on under 

 parts; gray of upper parts duller, usually more or less tinged with 

 brown; yellow crown-patch smaller, more or less broken by brown or 

 brownish gray tips to feathers; middle and greater wing-coverts more 

 narrowly tipped with duller white or pale brownish gray, the latter 

 not edged with white; yellow of throat paler, usually passing into 

 white on chin; chest and sides of breast white or pale grayish, more or 

 less heavily spotted or clouded with black; lateral pectoral patches 

 smaller and paler yellow. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the winter male, 

 but smaller and still duller in color, the back without sharply defined 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 553 



streaks of black, yellow of throat and lateral pectoral patches paler 

 and more restricted, and chest and sides of breast without sharply 

 defined partly concealed black spots. 



Young male in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the winter 

 female and not with certainty distinguishable (?), but with throat very 

 slightly tinged with yellow, sometimes without a trace of this color. ^ 



Young, first plumage. — Above thickly streaked with dusky on a 

 pale brownish gray ground color, the latter here and there inclining 

 to grayish white, the streaks broader and more blackish on back and 

 scapulars; lower rump grayish white, narrowly streaked with dusky; 

 under parts grayish white, everywhere streaked with duskj'. 



Adidt maZd.— Length (skins), 122-137 (130); wing, 75-81 "(77. 3); tail, 

 53-61.5 (58.3); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.5); tarsus, 18-22 (20.5); 

 middle toe, 11.6-14 (12.5).' 



Advlt fenwle.—l^&A^ih (skins), 122-129 (126.1); wing, 73-78 (75.4); 

 tail, 54-59 (56.7); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.3); tarsus, 19-21 (20.1); 

 middle toe, 11.5-13.5 (12.3).' 



Western North America, north to British Columbia, east to western 

 border of the Great Plains; breeding southward (in coniferous woods 

 on high mountains) to southern California (Los Angeles and San Ber- 

 nardino counties), northern Arizona, and New Mexico, eastward to 

 western Nebraska (Sioux County), Wyoming (Black Hills, etc.) and 

 Colorado; wintering from western United States (in lower valle}'s) 

 southward over whole of Mexico (including Lower California) to high- 

 lands of Guatemala (Totonicapam; San Geronimo), eastward to western 

 Texas (Concho and Tom Green counties. Ft. Davis, etc.), western 

 Kansas, etc.; accidental in Myiarchusssachusetts (Cambridge, 1 spec, Nov. 

 15, 1876) and Pennsylvania. 



Bylma auduboni Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1837, 191 ("forests 

 of the Columbia Kiver;" type in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); viii, 1839, 153. 



Sylvia auduiionii AvDVBOi^, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 52, pi. 395. 



Sylvicola auduboni Bonapabte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Audubon, Syn- 

 opsis, 1839, 52.— NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 414.— 

 Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846, 155; .Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 i, 1847, 37. 



Sylvicola audubonii Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 26, pi. 77. — Wood- 

 house, in Sitgreaves' Eep. Zufii and Col. R., 1853, 71. 



MlniotUta] auduboni Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[MniotUia] auduboni Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3467. 



Dmdroica auduboni Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 295, 298 (La Parada, 

 Oaxaco, s. Mexico).— Baibd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 

 1874, 229, pi. 13, fig. ].— Ridgway, Bull. Essex lYist., vii, 1875, 12, 17 (Car- 

 son City and Truckee Valley, Nevada, winter).— Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 



Uu this stage to be distinguished from the corresponding stage of D. coronata by 

 having white subterminal spots on four to five, instead of two to three, outermost 

 rectrices. 



''Twelve specimens. ^ Eight specimens. 




554 BULLETIN 50, Ul^ITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



100th Merid., 1875, 194 (localities in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, am 

 Arizona; habits). — Brewer, Proo. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 303 (Cam 

 bridge, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec, Nov. 15, 1876). — American Ornithologists 

 UnwN, Check List, 1886, no. 656.— Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. 

 ix, 1886, 137 (Puebla, Mexico, Dec.).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i 

 1886,257 (Cambridge, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec, Nov. 15, 1876).— Bryant, Bull 

 Cal. Ac. Sci., ii, 1887, 307 (Guadalupe I., Lower California, 2 specs., Dec. 

 Jan.).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 248 (w. Kansas; San Angelo 

 Texas, Myiarchusy 8 and Oct. 1; Tom Green and Concho counties, Texas, in fall 

 Fort Davis, Texas, Nov. 3).— Beldinq, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 21( 

 (breeding in, San Bernardino Mts., etc., California. — Mearns, Auk, vii, 1890, 

 261 (MogoUon Mts., Arizona, breeding). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 55c 

 (w. Kansas during migration). — Palmer (T. S.), Auk, ix, 1892,310 (Stevens 

 Prairie, Grays Harbor, Washington, Apr. 22, 1 spec ; Aberdeen, abt. Aug. 

 14).- JouY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 777 (Guadalajara, Mexico, 

 "common all winter"). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 207.— 

 Rhoads, Proc Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 54 (British Columbia). — Grinnell, 

 Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 (Los Angeles County, California, summei 

 resid. in higher mountains). — Merrill, Auk, xv, 1898, 18 (Ft. Sherman, 

 II. w. Idaho, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Nelson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 

 1899, 56 (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, Myiarchusy).— Gary, Auk, xviii, 1901, 237 (Black 

 Hilla, Wyoming, breeding). — Barlow, Condor, iii, 1901, 177 (high Sierra 

 Nevada, breeding; descr. nest and eggs) . — Bruner, Proc. Nebr. Om., Un., 

 2d. ann. meet., 1901, 57 (Sioux County, w. Nebraska, breeding). — Cbawpoed. 

 Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d. ann. meet., 1901, 78 (Sioux County, w. Nebraska, 

 breeding). 



Dendroica audubonii Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 273; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 195; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 10 

 (Janos and Boca Grande, Mexico; San Bernardino, California) ; Review Am. 

 Birds, 1865, 188 (Myiarchuszatlan; Tonila, Jalisco). — Cooper and Sdckley, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 181 (Straits of Fuca, Fort Steilacoom 

 etc., Washington). — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Teca- 

 maluca, near Orizaba, Vera Cruz, in winter) . — Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec, 

 Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 58 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 7-17), 75 (near Fort Gar- 

 land, Colorado, June), 102 (Apache, Arizona, Sept. 1, and Gila R., New 

 Mexico, Oct. 11). 



Dendrwca auduboni Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 250 (Orizaba, Vera 

 Cruz); 1864, 172 (City of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 30 (Mexico).— 

 Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 273 (near Totonicapam and San Ger6nimo, 

 Guatemala, Nov.). — Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.). — Coues, Check 

 List, 1873, no. 79; 2d ed., 1882, no. 120; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 271.— Tbippe, 

 in Coues' Birds N. W., 1874, 232 (Colorado, breeding from 9,500 ft. to tim- 

 ber line; habits; notes). — Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874,269 

 (TepiC; Myiarchuszatlan; Tonila, Jalisco).— Ridq way, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877,433 

 (localities in Nevada and Utah; breeding in pine belt on mountains, winter- 

 ing in valleys).— Frazar, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 27 (Cambridge, 

 Myiarchusss., 1 spec, Nov.).— Scott, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 92 (Lake Co., 

 Colorado; descr. nest and eggs).— Myiarchusnot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 220 

 (Seven Lakes, Colorado; descr. nest and eggs). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 128.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 

 96.— Merrill, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 205 (Big Horn Mts., Montana; 

 descr. nest and eggs).- Bblding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 347 (Vic- 

 toria Mts., Lower California, winter), 537 (La Paz). — Goss, Bull. Nutt. 




BIBDS OF KOETH ANi) MIDDLE AMERICA. 555 



Om. Club, viii, 1883, 187 (Fort Wallace, w. Kansas, 2 specs.. Myiarchusy 27); Auk, 

 i, 1884, 100 (Wallace, w. Kansas, several in Oct.). — Shahpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 315, 650 (La Parada, Oaxaca; Ciudad Durango; Presidio, 

 near Myiarchuszatlan; Totonicapam and San Geronimo, Guatemala, etc.). 



[Dendroeca] auduboni Sclater and Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



D[endrceca] auduboni Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 302. 



Dendroeca audubonii Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1866, 69 (Fort Whip- 

 ple, Arizona); Birds N. W., 1874, 58.— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 88.— Ribg- 

 WAY, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 96. 



[Dendrceca] audubonii Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 100. 



Dendrceca audubo7iii Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 30 (California; Mexico). 



Dmdroica audubonis Baird, Ives' Rep. Col. R., pt. vi, 1861, 5. 



Dendroeca auduboni Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 613 

 (monogr. ). 



Dmdroica coronata . . . var. auduboni Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 1873, 

 180 (Colorado). 



[Dendroica coronata] var. auduboni Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 219. 



(l)Dendrceca coronata (not Motacilla coronata Gmelin?) Brewster, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 137 (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, Myiarchusr.; crit.). 



DENDROICA AUDUBONI NIGRIFRONSi (Brewster). 

 BLACK-FRONTED ■WARBLER. 



Similar to D. a. av3uhoni, but larger and muck darker in color. 

 Adult male in spring and summer with forehead, sides of crown, and 

 auricular region black, instead of bluish slate-gray; back black, with 

 feathers narrowly margined with bluish gray; foreneck, chest, whole 

 breast (except lower median portion and lateral yellow patches) uniform 

 black. Winter male with less black on upper parts, the forehead 

 merely streaked with black, but differing from the same stage of D. a. 

 audvhoni in having the bluish gray of upper parts very little, if any, 

 stained with brown, and the black of under parts merely broken by 

 rather narrow whitish tips to the feathers. Adult female more heavily 

 streaked with black above on a darker ground color. Young (in first 

 plumage) much more heavily streaked with dusky, both above and 

 below. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 127-141 (137.7); wing, 77.5-84.1 

 (80.5);' tail, 57.9-64.3 (62); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.6 (9.5); tarsus, 

 19-19.6 (19.3); middle toe, 12.4-12.9 (12.7).= 



'A breeding male from mountains near head of Pecos River, New Mexico, is 

 exactly intermediate between D. auduboni and D. nigrifrons, thus proving intergrada- 

 tion between the two forms. 



'Four of the specimens measured are in worn midsummer plumage with tips of 

 primaries abraded; specimens in good plumage would show considerably greater 

 average length of wing. 



'Five specimens. 




556 BULLETIW 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult feumle.— Length (skins), 127-129.5 (128.3); wing, 75.4^-77.2 

 (76.2); tail, 57.4-59.7 (60.7); exposed culmen, 8.9-9.6 (9.4); tarsus, 

 18.5-19 (18.8); middle toe, 11.9-13.2 (12.7).' 



Dendroica nigrifrons Bkewster, Descr. Sup. New Species Birds from Western N. 

 Am. and Mexico, Jan. 31, 1889, 94; Auk, vi, no. 2, Apr., 1889, 94 (Pinos 

 Altos, Chihuahua, Mexico; coll. W. Brewster) ; Auk, ix, 1892, pi. 1. — [Allen], 

 Auk, ix, 1892, 207. — LooMyiarchuss, Auk, xviii, 1901, 109 (Chiricahua andHuachuca 

 Mts., a. Arizona, June). 



Mountains of southern Arizona (Chiricahua and Huachuco ranges) 

 and southward through mountains of Chihuahua to Durango (El Salto, 

 July; Cerro Prieto, Sept.). 



DENDROICA AUDUBONI GOLDMANI (Nelson). 

 GOLDMAN'S WARBLER. 



Similar to D. a. nigrifrons, but still darker. Adult male in winter 

 plumage with entire head (except yellow crown patch, chin, and throat) 

 uniform deep black; yellow crown-patch passing posteriorly into a 

 white occipital spot; chin and a large spot at postero -lateral portion of 

 throat also white. 



Adult male. — Length (skin), 139.7; wing, 82.8; tail, 66.3; exposed 

 culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 19.8; middle toe, 14.* 



Highlands of western Guatemala (Hacienda Chancol, January 4). 



Dendroico guldmani Nelson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 66 (Hacienda Chancol, Guate- 

 mala; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ). 



DENDROICA NIGRESCENS (Townsend). 

 BLACK-THROATED QRAY WARBLER. 



Throat black, or whitish with bases of feathers grayish dusky; sides 

 of head striped with white and black or white and grayish, the first as 

 a broad supra-auricular stripe and malar stripe (the former extending 

 anteriorly to above eyes, the latter extending to sides of neck); a 

 small yellow supraloral spot; under parts of body white, streaked 

 laterally with black or dusky; upper parts gray, with or without black 

 streaks on back; wing with two white bands. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Head uniform black, relieved 

 by a broad supra-auricular stripe of white (extending anteriorly to 

 above middle of eye), a small supraloral spot of yellow, and a broad 



' Four specimens. 



^ Measurements of the type specimen, the only one seen. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 557 



malar stripe of white, extending from base of mandible to sides of 

 neck, anteriorly confluent on chin; whole throat and chest uniform 

 black; rest of under parts white, broadly streaked laterally with black; 

 hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts slate-gray or 

 plumbeous, more or less streaked (except on hindneck, and sometimes 

 on rump) with black; wings and tail black or dusky with gray edgings, 

 the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, form- 

 ing two conspicuous wing-bands; inner webs of two outer'most rectrices 

 mostly (sometimes entirely) white, the third rectrix with terminal half 

 or more white, the fourth also with more or less white on terminal 

 portion; bill black; iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown, sometimes 

 nearly black. 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but gray of upper parts tinged with brown, and with 

 black streaks apparent only on back and upper tail-coverts, where more 

 or less concealed. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Sometimes scarcely difl'erent 

 from the adult male, having the pileum and whole throat uniform 

 black, as in that sex, but with gray of upper parts duller; usually, 

 however, with the pileum gray (except laterally), streaked with black; 

 the throat mostly white (the feathers dusky or grayish beneath the 

 surface) with more or less of a black or dusky patch on each side of 

 lower throat; white of under parts less pure, with streaks on sides and 

 flanks narrower and less deeply black (grayish dusky); gray of upper 

 parts duller, with dusky streaks on back and upper tail-coverts much 

 narrower, sometimes nearly obsolete. 



Adult female in fall and winter. — Similar to the summer dress but 

 plumage much softer, and dusky streaks on back and upper tail-coverts 

 obsolete or entirely wanting. 



Young male in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult male 

 of corresponding season, but gray of upper parts more strongly 

 washed with brown, pileum brownish gray except laterally and ante- 

 riorly, streaks on back and upper tail-coverts obsolete or concealed, 

 black of throat broken by whitish tips to the feathers, and white of 

 under parts tinged with yellowish. 



Ymmg female in first autumn and winter. — Above plain brownish 

 gray (mouse gray), including pileum, the latter margined laterally 

 with dusky; otherwise as in adult female of corresponding season, but 

 general dull white of under parts strongly tinged with brown, espe- 

 cially on sides and flanks, where the dusky streaks are less distinct. 



Admit maZe.— Length (skins), 105-118 (112.5); wing, 59.6-66.6 

 (62.2); tail, 48.8-55 (50.5); exposed culmen, 8.2-9.6 (9.2); tarsus, 

 16.8-18.8 (17.7); middle toe, 9.8-11.2 (10.3).^ 



' Ten specimens. 




558 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult female.— \^&ug\hi (skins), 107-122 (111.9); wing, 54.2-62.8 

 (5y.l); tail, 47-51 (48.9); exposed culmen, 8.4-9.6 (9.1); tarsus, 

 16.6-17.6 (17.3); middle toe, 9.6-10.8 (10.1).' 



Western United States, north to Colorado (El Paso County; Fort 

 Garland), Utah (Unitah Mountains), Nevada (East Humboldt Moun- 

 tains), and Vancouver Island; breeding southward to southern Cal- 

 ifornia (mountains of Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties), 

 Lower California (San Pedro Myiarchusrtir Mountains), and southern Ari- 

 zona (Santa Catalina and Santa Rita mountains) ; in winter southward 

 through Mexico to States of Oaxaca and Vera Cruz. 



Sylvia nigrescens Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1837, 191 ("forests 

 of the Columbia Eiver;" type now in coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.) ; Narrative, 

 1839, 341.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 57, pi. 395; Synopsis, 1839, 60. 



Vermivora nigrescens Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Nuttall, 

 Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 471. 



,Si/lricola nigrescens Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 62, pi. 94. — Dnofe, 

 La Naturaleza, i, 1869, 141 (Guanajuato, Mexico). 



[Sylvicola] nigrescens Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 308. 



M[niotilta] nigrescens Gjiay , Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilta] nigrescens Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3470. 



R[kimanphiis'] nigrescens Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 20 (Mexico). 



Dendroica nigrescens Baird, Rep. Pacific E. E. Surv., ix, 1858, 270; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 192; Eeview Am. Birds, 1865, 186.— Solatee, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 874 (Oaxaca, Myiarchusr.).— 

 Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— Heeb- 

 MANN, Eep. Pacific E. E. Surv., x, 1859, 40 (localities in California).— 

 Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California.— 

 Cooper and Suckley, Eep. Pacific E. E. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 180 (Puget 

 Sound and Fort Steilacoom, Washington). — Sumicheast, Mem. Best. Soc. 

 N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, winter). — Aiken, Proc. Best. Soc. 

 N. H., XV, 1872, 197 (El Paso Co., Colorado) .—Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 

 V, 1873, 180 (Colorado); vii, 1875, 20 (e. Humboldt Mts., Nevada, breeding), 

 32 (Wahsatch Mts., Utah, breeding). — Baird, Brewbe, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 258, pi. 12, fig. 8; iii, 1874, 506 (El Paso Co., Colo- 

 rado).— Henshaw, Eep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 75 (Fort 

 Garland, Colorado, June 25), 103 (Apache and White Mts., Arizona, Aug., 

 Sept.); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 198 (Santa Fe, New Mexico, Aug. 



' Eight specimens. 



Specimens from the Pacific coast district average slightly smaller than those from 

 the Eocky Mountain plateau, averages of two series being as follows r 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 559 



16; Camp Apache, Camp Crittenden, Bowie Agency, and White Mts., 

 Arizona, Aug.).— Anthony, Auk, iii, 1886, 170 (Washington Co., Oregon, 

 breeding); Zoe, iv, 1893, 244 (San Pedro Myiarchusrtir Mts., Lower California, 

 breeding in pine belt). — Ambeican Oknitholoqists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 665.— Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1887, 223 (n. California; 

 descr. nest and eggs). — Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 35 (Catalina Mts., s. Arizona, 

 breeding). — Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 212 (breeding in San 

 Bernardino Mts., California). — Nehkling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 

 225.— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 54 (Vancouver I.).— Gkin- 

 NELL (J.), Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 (Los Angeles Co., California, 

 summer resid. on mts. up to 6,000 ft.). 



D[endroica] nigrescens Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 507. 



Dendrceca nigrescens Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 30 (Oaxaca). — Coues, Ibis, 

 1865, 163 (Arizona); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, 

 Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 75; 2d ed., 1882, no. 116; Birds N. W., 1874, 

 55, 232; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 263.— Coopeb, Orn. Cal. 1870, 90.— Ridgway, 

 Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 433 (e. Humboldt and Ruby Mts., Nevada, and 

 Uintah Mts., Utah; breeding); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 105.— Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 136. — Bewster, Auk, ii, 

 1885, 197 (Santa Rita Mts., Arizona; descr. yoimg female). — Shaepe, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 291, 646 (Puebla, Myiarchuszatlan, Presidio, etc., Mexico, 

 etc.). 



Dendroeca nigrescens Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 

 610 (monogr.) . 



[Dendrceca] nigrescens Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 98. — Sclatee and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



D[endroeca\ nigrescens Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 300. 



SyMyiarchusola tristis Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 472 (mouth 

 of Wilamette River, Oregon) . 



Sylvia haheii Gieaud, Sixteen Species Texas Birds, 1841, fol. 11, pi. 3, fig. 1 

 (=autumnal female; type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Sylvicola nigricans (lapsus for vigrescens) Heney', Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 

 1855, 309 (New Mexico). 



DENDROICA TOWNSENDI (Townsend). 

 TOWNSEND'S WARBLER. 



Adult male in s])rlng and summer. — Pileum, hindneck, loral and 

 auricular regions, cliin, throat, and upper chest uniform black; a broad 

 superciliary stripe, broad malar stripe (curving upward behind auric- 

 ular region, and confluent with posterior extremity of the superciliary 

 stripe), a suborbital spot, lower chest, and breast clear lemon yellow; 

 abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts white; sides and flanks heavily 

 streaked with black, the more anterior streaks confluent with the black 

 throat-patch at its latero-posterior angles; under tail-coverts with a 

 median streak of blackish; back, scapulars, rump, and shorter upper 

 tail-coverts yellowish olive-green, each feather with a central, more or 

 less wedge-shaped or sagittate spot of black, these markings more or 

 less concealed on rump; longer upper tail-coverts black centrally, 

 broadly margined with slate-gray ; wings and tail blackish with light- 




560 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



gray edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with 

 white, forming two conspicuous bars across wing; inner webs of three 

 lateral rectrices extensively white terminally, this occupying the ter- 

 minal half or more of the outermost rectrix; bill blackish, with paler 

 tomia; iris brown; legs and feet dark horn brownish (in dried skins). 



Adult male m autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but all the black areas much broken or obscured; that 

 of pileum and hindneck by broad olive-green margins to the feathers, 

 the black forming mesial or central streaks, that of the auricular patch 

 overlaid by olive-green tips to the feathers, and that of the throat 

 replaced by nearly uniform lemon yellow, with black appearing as 

 spots or blotches on sides of chest; black streaks of back, etc., more or 

 less concealed. 



Young male in first autumn imd winter. — Similar to the adult male 

 of corresponding season, but black streaks on pileum, back, etc. , obso- 

 lete, and yellow of throat paler. 



Adult ferncde in spring and siimmer. — Very similar in coloration to 

 the autumn and winter adult male, but black streaks on upper parts 

 much narrower (sometimes nearly obsolete, usually mere shaft-lines), 

 the streaks on sides also usuall}' narrower, sometimes indistinct; pileum 

 sometimes blackish, and throat often blotched with black, occasionally 

 extensively so. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer plumage, but upper parts slightly browner olive-green, with 

 the streaks obsolete, or nearly so; sides and flanks tinged with brownish. 



Yoking female in first autum.n and winter. — Similar to the adult 

 female of corresponding season, but the yellow paler and the markings 

 in general less distinct. 



Adult male.— Length, (skins), 107-122 (114.4); wing, 65-69 (67.2); 

 tail, 48-51 (50); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.6); tarsus, 18-19 (18.8); mid- 

 dle toe, 10-12 (11).^ 



Adult female.— h&ngth. (skins), 108-125 (116.2); wing, 63-66 (64.5); 

 tail, 49-50 (49.5); exposed culmen, 8-10 (9.2); tarsus, 18-19 (18.7); 

 middle toe, 9-11 (10).' 



Western North America; breeding from mountains of southern Cal- 

 ifornia to Alaska (Skagway, Glacier, west shore of Lake Lebarge, 

 south end of Lake Myiarchusrsh, etc.), eastward to eastern Oregon (Camp 

 Harney), northwestern Idaho (Fort Sherman), etc. ; during migration 

 eastward to Eocky Mountains (Colorado, etc.), western Texas (Tom 

 Green and San Angelo counties), and southward over western and 

 and central Mexico to highlands of Guatemala (Duenas), Tres Myiarchusrias 

 Islands, and extremity of Lower California. Accidental near Phila- 

 delphia, Pennsylvania (one specimen, spring of 1868). 



^ Five specimens. " Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORa'H AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 561 



Sylvia townsendi " (Nuttall)" Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, pt. ii, 

 1837, 191 ("forests of the Columbia River"); viii, 1839, 153.— Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 36, pi. 393, fig. 1. 



Sylvicola townsendi Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. — Audubon, 

 Synopsis, 1839, -59; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 59, pi. 92.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., 1840, 446. 



[Si/liicola] townsendi 'Bon APAKTS, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



Mlniotilta] townsendii Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilta] townsendii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3469. 



Sylvicola townsendii Fi-NSCR, Abh. nat. Ver. Brem., iii, 1872, 35 (Alaska). 



Dendroica tovmsendii Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 269; Cr '. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 191; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 185. — Sclatee and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, 11 (Dueiias, Guatemala, winter). — Coopbe and Suckley, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 179 (Shoalwater Bay, Washington; Cali- 

 fornia). — TuENBULL, Birds E. Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 1869, 53 (near 

 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, accidental). — Nelson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 

 1899, 56 (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, Myiarchusy). 



Dendrioca townsendi Sclateh, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 295, 298 (highlands 

 of Oaxaca in winter); 1859, 374 (Totontepec, Oaxaca, Jan.). — Baied, 

 Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 265, pi. 12, fig. 7; iii, 

 1874, 506 (Cuyamaca Mts., s. California, Apr.). — Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 

 100th Merid., 1875, 200 (Conejos and mouth of Navajo Creek, Colorado, Aug., 

 Sept,; Mount Graham, Arizona,- Sept. 24-29). — Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 

 vii, 1875, 22 (e. Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept. 8), 24 (Thousand Spring 

 Valley, Nevada, Sept. 24).— Bendieb, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1877, 114 

 (Camp Harney, e. Oregon, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — American 

 Oenithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 668. — Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 

 296 (Tom Green Co., Texas, breeding?).— Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist Coll. 

 Alaska, 1897, 203 (upper Dejah Valley and Sitka, Alaska).— Scott, Auk, v, 

 1888, 35 (Pinal andCatalinaMts., Arizona, Sept., Nov.).— Cooke, BirdMyiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 254 (San Angelo and Tom Green Co., Texas).— Nbheling, 

 Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 230.— Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 244 (San 

 Pedro Myiarchusrtir Mts., Lower California, Apr. 23; Valledares, Myiarchusy 3); Auk, 

 xii, 1895, 142 (San Fernando, Lower California, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 7).— Geinnell, 

 Rep. Birds Santa Barbara, etc., 1897, 7 (Santa Barbara I., CaUfornia, Myiarchusy 

 16); Auk, XV, 1898, 129 (Sitka, Alaska, 3 specs., Aug. 14) .— Mereill, Auk, 

 XV, 1898, 19 (Fort Sherman, ii. w. Idaho, Myiarchusy, June) .—Bishop, N. Am. 

 Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 90 (Skagway, Alaska, Myiarchusy 31 ; Glacier, s. end Lake 

 Myiarchusrsh, and w. shore Lake Lebarge, Alaska) .—Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, 

 no. 21, 1901, 49 (Queen Charlotte Islands, Apr., July). 



Dlmdroica] towiuendi Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 512. 



Dmdrceca townsendi Coues, Ibis, 1865, 163 (Arizona); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 

 1879, 117 (Santa Cruz, California, Nov. 3 to Jan. 1); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, 

 no. 114; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 260.— Sclatee, Ibis, 1865, 89 (crit.).— 

 Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 432 (Nevada); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 108.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 141 

 (Volcan de Fuego and Coban, Guatemala, etc.).— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 138 (Tucson and Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, Apr., 

 Myiarchusy).— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v. 1883, 545 (Myiarchusraflores, Lower 

 California).— Henshaw, Auk, ii, 1885, 331 (upper Pecos R., New Mexico, 

 fall migr.).— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 299, 647. 



Dendrma townsendii Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 29 (Oaxaca; Duenas, Guate- 

 mala).— Coopee, Orn. CaL, 1870, 91.— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 73. 



3654— VOL 2—01 36 




562 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Dmdroeca townsendi Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 610 



(monogr. ). 

 [Vendroeca] townsendii CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 98. 

 [Dendrceca] townsendi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 9. 

 [Dendrceca] townsendi Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 299. 



DENDROICA VIRENS (Gmelin). 

 BLACE-TEROATED GREEN WARBLER. 



Adult male in spriiig and summer. — Pileum, hindneck, back, scapu- 

 lars, and ramp plain yellowish olive-green, the back sometimes (more 

 rarely the pileum and rump also) narrowly streaked with black, and 

 the forehead sometimes with an elongated or oval median spot of yel- 

 lowish; sides of head and neck, including whole malar region and a 

 broad superciliary stripe, clear lemon-yellow, relieved by a more or 

 less broad postocular streak of 'olive-green, this sometimes involving 

 greater part of the auricular region; chin, throat, and chest (some- 

 times sides of breast also) uniform black, the first sometimes partly 

 j'ellow; rest of under parts white or yellowish white, the breast usu- 

 ally tinged (sometimes strongly) with yellow; sides and flanks heavily 

 streaked with black, the more anterior of these streaks usually con- 

 fluent with the black throat-patch at its postero-lateral portions; wings 

 . and tail dusky with slate-gray edgings, the middle and greater wing- 

 coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bars 

 across wing; inner webs of two lateral rectrices mostly white, that of 

 the third with a large white terminal spot, the two outermost with 

 outer webs extensively white; bill blackish; iris brown; legs and feet 

 dark horn brown (in dried skins). 



AdAilt male in autumn a,nd viinter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but with feathers of the black throat-patch narrowly 

 tipped, or margined terminally, with whitish.' 



Adndt female i/n spring and summer. — Similar to the adult male of 

 corresponding season, but chin and more or less of throat usually 

 whitish or pale yellowish, the black of lower throat (if present there) 

 and chest more or less broken (sometimes almost . hidden) by whitish 

 tips or terminal margins to the feathers; sides of breast never (?) uni- 

 form black. 



Young male in first autumn and wlntei'. — Very similar in coloration 

 to the adult female, but olive-green of upper parts and yellow on sides 

 of head brighter, and under parts more strongly tinged with yellow. 



Adult (%) female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer plumage, but throat pale dull yellowish, more or less spotted 

 or blotched laterally and posteriorly with dusky olive, yellow on sides 

 of head paler, and dusky streaks on sides and flanks less distinct. 



' These whitish terminal margins sometimes persist until April, but usually disap- 

 pear before then. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 563 



Young male, first plumage. — "Remiges and rectrices as in adult; 

 greater and median wing-coverts just tipped with soiled white, forming 

 two very narrow, indistinct wing-bands. Rest of upper parts dark 

 slaty-brown, each feather of the back edged with bright greenish. 

 Superciliary stripes (just meeting in a narrow line on the forehead), 

 eyelids, maxillary line, and chin, bright yellow. Sides of head dark 

 slate; under parts soiled white, each feather on the breast and sides 

 with a terminal spot of black; on the throat and jugulum these spots 

 become large blotches of dark slate, the feathers being just tipped and 

 edged with light yellow. From a specimen in my collection shot at 

 Cambridge, Myiarchusssachusetts, July 30, 1875. Like most of the previously 

 described young warblers, this bird has a narrow central line of yellow 

 feathers extending down the throat and jugulum to the breast." ^ 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 110-120 (113.6); wing, 61-64 (63.8); 

 tail, 45-49 (47.8); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.9); tarsus, 16-18 (17.3); 

 middle toe, 9-11 (10.2).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 104-115 (108.9); wing, 58-61 (60); 

 tail, 45-47 (46); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.7); tarsus, 16-19 (17.7); mid- 

 dle toe, 9-11 (10.1).^ 



Eastern North America; north to Nova Scotia, shores and islands of 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence, Newfoundland, southern shores of Hudson 

 Bay, etc.; breeding southward to mountains of Connecticut, New 

 York, and Pennsylvania, northeastern Illinois (?), and along higher 

 Alleghenies to eastern Tennessee (Roan Mountain, etc., 4,000 feet), 

 western North Carolina (Black Mountains, above 5,000 feet), and 

 northwestern South Carolina (Pickens County) ; west to edge of the 

 Great Plains; in winter south to West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Isle 

 of Pines, Jamaica, Dominica, Guadeloupe) and through eastern 

 Mexico (including island of Cozumel) and Central America to Isthmus 

 of Panama (Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad). Accidental in 

 southern Greenland (Julianshaab, one specimen, 1853) and Heligoland 

 (October 1, 1858). 



[Motacilla] virens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 985 (based on The Black-throated 

 Green Warbler, Myiarchusscicapa viridis gutture nigro Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 

 ii, 190, pi. 300, up. fig.). 



[Sylvia] virens 'Latb. am. Index Orn., ii, 1790, 537. — Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 

 1807, 33, pi. 92; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 179; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 

 440.— Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 127, pi. 17, fig. 3.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. 

 Zool., X, 1817, 740.— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 192; 

 Ann. Lye, N. Y., ii, 1826, 80.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 

 376.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 70, pi. 399.— Gatke, Naumannia, 1858, 

 423 (Heligoland); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 108 (do.). 



Sylvkola virens Jaedinb, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 279.— Richardson, Rep. 

 Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 

 22.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 55; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 42, pi. 84.— 



1 Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, iii, 1878, p. 57. 

 ^ Nine specimens. ' Seven specimens. 




564 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



WooDHousE, Rep. Sitgreaves' Exp. Zufli and Col. R., 1853, 70 (Indian Terri 

 tory and Texas). — Reinhaedt, Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 426 (Greenland).— 

 Bkyant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia).— Breweb, Proc. 

 Best. Soc. N. H., vil, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 



[Sylvicola] virens Bonapaktb, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 307. 



3f[viotilta:] virens Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



Mniotilta virens JiiiWUA-RTyf, Ibis, 1861, 5 (Julianshaab, Greenland). 



[MniotUta] virens Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3482. 



R[hin>anphns'] virens Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 19 (Mexico). 



Ehimamphus virens Gundlaoh, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 474 (Cuba). — Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Mexico). 



Dendroica virens Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 267; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 189; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv;, ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (China, 

 Tamaulipas); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 182 (Myiarchusrador, Vera Cruz; Tactic and 

 Coban, Guatemala). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 295 (Cordova, 

 Vera Cruz); 1859, 373 (Talea and Playa Vicente, Oaxaca). — Sclater and 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Duenas, Guatemala). — Gundlach, Journ. fur Orn., 

 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1872, 413; Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 283.— Law- 

 rence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 293 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.). — Sumi- 

 chrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Vera Cruz, winter). — Frant- 

 zius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (Candelaria Mts., Costa Rica). — Baied, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 261, pi. 12, fig. 4.— 

 Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (New England, breeding).— 

 Ridgway, Proo. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan) ; Orn. 

 Ills., i, 1889, 151.— Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 1886, l40 (Oneida 

 Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 174 (Black Mts., North Carolina, breeding above 5,000 ft.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 

 1886, 37; ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 57; Cat. 

 W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (Watlings I., Bahamas; Cuba; Isle of Pines; Jamaica; 

 Dominica). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 667.— 

 Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 137 (Tezuitlan, Puebla, 

 Nov.) .— CooKB, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 253 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities 

 and dates). — Palmer (W.), Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 265 (Myiarchusngan 

 Islands). — Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 20 (Tarpon Springs and Key West, Florida, 

 rare migr. ) . — LooMyiarchuss, Auk, vii, 1890, 128 ( Pickens Co. , South Carolina, breed- 

 ing); viii, 1891, 331 (Csesars Head, South Carolina, breeding). — Chbekie, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jose, Costa Rica 1 spec, Nov.); viii, 1891, 278 (Costa 

 Rica). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsyl- 

 vania, breeding). — Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 398 (Butler and Armstrong coun- 

 ties, Pennsylvania, breeding); x, 1893, 41, 45 (Indiana and Clearfield 

 counties, Pennsylvania, breeding). — White, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (MyiarchusckinacL, 

 Myiarchusphigan, abundant summer resid.). — Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.,xvi, 1893, 

 777 (Cuernavaca, Morelos, common, Sept.). — Nbhrling, Our Native Birds, 

 etc., i, 1893, 228, pi. 12, fig. 6.— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895,496 

 (Roan Mt., up to 4,000 ft., and Sawyers Springs, Tennessee, breeding).— 

 Young, Auk, xiii, 1896, 284 (Pottsville, etc. , Pennsylvania, breeding).— Baiiv, 

 Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Rives, Auk, xv, 

 1898, 136 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt). — Fleming, Auk, xviii, 

 1901, 44 (Myiarchusskoka, etc., n. Ontario, common summer resid.). 



D[endroica] virens Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 510. 



Dendrceca virens Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859,363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 

 Oat. Am. Birds, 1862,29 (Guatemala); Ibis, 1865,89 (crit.).— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. E.).- 

 Dressbk, Ibis, 1865, 477 (San Antonio, Texas).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 




iBIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 565 



ix, 1868, 9i (Grecia, Barranca, and Ranoho Redondo, Costa Rica); Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878,54,486 (Dominica, Lesser Antilles) ; viii, 1885,622 

 (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles).— Salvin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 182 

 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Corap. Zool., ii, 1871, 

 269 (e. Florida, Myiarchusr.).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 71; 2d ed.,1882, no. 

 112; Birds N. W., 1874, 54; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 240.— Newton, Myiarchusn. Nat. 

 Hist. Greenl., 1875, 97 ( Julianshaab, 1 spec. 1853) .— Cordeaux, Ibis, 1875, 180 

 (Heligoland, Oct. 1, 1858).— Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4,1876, 

 15 (Santa Eflgenia, Oaxaca, Dec, Jan.).— Gundlach, Orn. Cuba, 1876, 

 64.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 57 (descr. young); Proc Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 371 (Anticosti I. and Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, 

 summer).- Newton, Proc Zool. Soc Lond., 1879, 552 (Jamaica).— Ridoway, 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 107.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1881,137 (San Geronimo, Tactic, and Coban, Guatemala, etc.).— 

 Nutting, Proc U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 494 ( Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica).— 

 Brown (N. C), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 36 (Boerne, s. w. Texas, 

 Myiarchusr.).— Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 297, 647 (n. Yucatan; 

 Irazu district, Costa Rica, etc ) . 



Dendroeca virem Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Fijrh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 611 

 (monogr. ) . 



[DendrcBca] virem OouES, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 97. — Sclatbk and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885,8. 



D[endr(eca] vireiis Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876,100,152 (n. e. Illinois, a 

 few breeding). — Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106. — Coues, 

 Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 298. 



DENDROICA CHRYSOPARIA Sclater and Salvin. 

 GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLER. 



Adult male in springr and summer. — Pileum, hindneck, back, scapu- 

 lars, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform black, usually slightly- 

 intermixed on rump with olive-green or gray, sometimes (in younger 

 individuals?) the rump mostly or even wholly olive-green and the 

 scapulars and interscapulars margined with olive-green;^ center of 

 forehead usually with a yellow spot or streak; sides of head and neck, 

 including whole malar region, auricular region (except upper margin), 

 and a broad superciliary stripe, clear rich lemon yellow, relieved by a 

 postocular streak of black (widening into a spot behind auricular 

 region) and a spot or line of black immediately in front of eye; chin, 

 throat, upper chest, and sides of breast uniform black; rest of under 

 parts white (without yellow tinge), the sides and flanks heavily streaked 

 with black; wings and tail black, with narrow light gray edgings, the 

 middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, forming 

 two distinct bands across wing; three outermost rectrices with inner 

 webs mostly white, the fourth with a white spot near tip, the three 

 outermost with outer webs edged with white toward base. 



^Some spring males (perhaps birds of the preceding year) have the pileum uniform 

 black only laterally, the feathers of the median portion being more or less broadly 

 edged or margined with olive-green. 




566 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



AdMlt male in aidumn and wmifer.— Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but feathers of black throat-patch narrowly margined 

 with white or pale yellowish. 



Young male in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult male 

 of corresponding season, but pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, and 

 rump streaked with olive-green and black; upper tail-coverts margined 

 with olive-green and gray; general color of wings and tail duller black, 

 and white tips of middle wing-coverts with a narrow shaft-streak of 



black. 



Adult female in sjpring and swrnmer.— Pileum, hindneck, back, scap- 

 ulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts olive-green, more or less distinctly 

 streaked with black; chin and more or less of throat yellow,^ the lower 

 throat whitish or pale yellow, more or less blotched with black, the 

 upper chest sometimes similar, usually with more black, occasionally 

 uniform black; otherwise similar to the male, but general color of 

 wings and tail grayish dusky instead of black, white wing-bands nar- 

 rower (that across middle coverts with blackish shaft-streaks), and 

 black streaks on sides and flanks narrower. 



Ymmg female in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult 

 female i)ut pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts plain olive-green, or with very indistinct narrow streaks of 

 dusky on pileum and back; throat and chest pale grayish (the feathers 

 dusky beneath surface), the former tinged with yellow anteriorly; sides 

 and flanks indistinctly streaked with dusky. 



Young, first plumage.^ — Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts plain grayish brown or brownish gray; sides of head, 

 chin, throat, chest, and sides pale brownish gray; rest of under part 

 white, the breast very indistinctly streaked with pale gray; wings and 

 tail essentially as in adults, but middle coverts with a mesial wedge- 

 shaped mark of dusky. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 117-123 (120); wing, 62.2-65.6 (64); 

 tail, 51.8-54.6 (53.1); exposed culmen, 9.2-10.2 (9.8); tarsus, 17.4-18.6 

 (18.4); middle toe, 10.^11.2 (10.8)." 



Adult f em-ale.— hewgih (skins), 116-125 (120); wing, 58-61.6 (60.4); 

 tail, 47.6-52.2(50.8); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.6 (10); tarsus, 17.6-18.8 

 (18.4); middle toe, 10.2-11 (10.5).' 



Western, central, and southern Texas (north to Tom Green, Concho, 

 and Bosque counties, east to Comal, Bexar, and Medina counties), and 

 southward through eastern Mexico to highlands of Guatemala (Tactic, 

 Vera Paz). Southern limits of breeding range unknown. 



Dendrceca chrysoparia Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 298 

 (Tactic, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. Salvin and Godman).— Sa;lvin and 



^ More rarely the chin and throat are black, but with the feathers more or less 

 broadly tipped with pale yellowish or white. 

 " Sex undetermined. ' Five specimens. 




BIRDS OP -NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 567 



ScLATER, Ibis, 1860, 273 (Tactic).— Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 358, part, in 

 synonymy; Ibis, 1865, 89 (crit.), 237 (San Antonio, Texas).— Dressbk, Ibis, 

 1865, 477, (Medina R., Texas) .— Salvin, in Rowley's Orn. Myiarchussc., i, 1876, 181, 

 pi. 23, 3 flgs.— Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 241, footnote; Check List, 2d ed., 

 1882, no. 115.— PuEDiE, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 60 (Bosque Co., 

 Texas).— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 77 (Comal Co., Texas; 

 habits).- RIDGWAY, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 106.— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 139.— Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,vii, 1882, 36 

 (Boerne, s. w. Texas; habits, etc.).— Sharps, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 

 295, 647.— Nbhrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 225. 



Dmdroica chrysoparia Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.,ix, 1886, 137 (Tezui- 

 tlan, Puebla, Dec.).— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 666.— Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., Texas, Apr., 1 spec. ).— 

 Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 253 (Texas localities) .—Beckham, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., X, 1888, 686 (Leon Springs, Texas).— Attwater, Auk, ix, 

 1892, 341 (20 miles n. w. of San Antonio, Texas; also Medina, Bandera, Kerr, 

 Kendall, and Comal counties; habits). 



D[mdrmca] chrysoparia Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 509; 2d ed., 1896, 

 509, 608. 



Dmdroica chrysopareia Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 183, 267.— Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 260, pi. 12, fig. 6. 



Dmdroeca chrysopareia Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. FiJrh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 

 610 (monogr. ). 



Dendra:ca chrysopareia Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 93 (San Antonio, Texas) . — Coues, 

 Check List, 1873, no. 74. 



IDendrceca'] chrysopareia Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 98. 



[Dendrceca} chrysoparia Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



D[endrffica] chrysoparia Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed, 1884, 300. 



[Mnioiilta'] chrysopareia Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3494. 



DENDROICA OCCIDENTALIS (Townsend). 

 HERUIT WARBLER. 



Admit male in spring and summer. — Forehead, crown, and whole 

 side of head, down to and including malar region and sides of neck, 

 clear lemon or canary yellow, the crown usually more or less spotted 

 or flecked with black; occiput black,^ or mainlj?^ black, the feathers 

 yellow basally; hindneck streaked with black and grayish olive-green, 

 in varying relative proportion (sometimes nearly uniform black); back, 

 scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts gray, usually more or less 

 tinged with olive-green, more or less broadly streaked with black (the 

 black streaks narrower, sometimes obsolete, on rump) ; wings and tail 

 black with light gray edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts 

 broadly tipped with white, forming two distinct bars across wing; 

 inner webs of two outermost rectrices extensively white, this occupy- 

 ing most of the web on the first and about the - terminal half on the 

 second, the third rectrix usually with a white longitudinal spot or 



' Occasionally the yellow of the crown extends over the occiput, in which case the 

 hindneck is black. 




568 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



streak near tip, and the first with outer web largel}' white; chin, 

 throat, and upper chest uniform black, this black area with a convex 

 or truncated posterior outline;^ rest of under parts white, usually 

 faintly shaded laterally with gray and sometimes narrowly and indis- 

 tinctly streaked on sides with dusky; bill blackish; iris brown; legs 

 and feet dark horn brown, sometimes blackish (in dried skins). 



Admit male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but yellow of crown and occiput more or less obscured 

 by olive or olive-green tips to feathers, black streaks on back, etc., 

 more or less concealed by broader grayish margins to feathers, and 

 feathers of black throat-patch more or less tipped or margined with 

 whitish. 



Yotmg Tnale in first autum.n and winter. — Above similar to the adult 

 male of corresponding season, but black streaks on back, etc. , narrower, 

 more concealed, sometimes obsolete; whole pileum suffused or over- 

 laid with a wash of olive or olive-green, and back more strongly tinged 

 with olive; yellow on sides of head paler, less pure, the auricular region 

 much tinged with olive; chin, throat, and upper chest dull whitish or 

 pale yellowish, the feathers abruptly black or dusky beneath surface; 

 rest of under parts soiled white, the sides and flanks strongly tinged 

 with pale olive-brownish. 



Adult female in spririg and summer. — Above similar to the immature 

 male above described, but forehead and crown largely (often mostly) 

 yellow, and dusky streaks on back, etc., still narrower, often obsolete; 

 under parts also similar, but body portions less tinged with brownish, 

 the chest often with a dusky patch (its feathers tipped with whitish) 

 extending more or less over throat, sometimes covering whole throat. 



Adult femfiale in OMtum.n a/nd winter. — Above plain grayish olive, 

 the pileum showing more or less of yellow anteriorly and laterally, all 

 the feathers yellow beneath the surface; the back, etc., unstreaked, or 

 with streaks concealed; beneath brownish white, more strongly tinged 

 with brownish laterally, the feathers of throat and upper chest dusky 

 beneath the surface, showing wherever the feathers are disturbed. 



Young {1) female in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult 

 female of corresponding season, but more decidedly olive or olive- 

 brownish above, and throat more yellowish. 



Adult ma^e.— Length (skins), 112-122 (118); wing 63-69 (66.1); tail, 

 49-52 (50.5); exposed culmen, 9.6-11 (10.1); tarsus, 18-21 (lO.-i); 

 middle toe, 11-12 (11.3).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 111-120(114.5); wing, 62-63 (62.3); 

 tail, 46.5-51 (48.3); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.7); tarsus, 16.5-20(18.3); 

 middle toe, 10-12.5 (11.3).' 



^Not extending farther backward laterally than medially, ^s in D. iownmndi, T>. 

 virens, D. chrysoparia, and D. nigrescens. 

 '' Seven specimens. » Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 569 



Pacific coast district of United States; breeding on higher mountains 

 of California (El Dorado, Calaveras, Alpine, Placer, and Butte coun- 

 ties, etc.) and northward to British Columbia (chiefly west of the 

 Cascade range); in winter south into Lower California and through 

 Arizona over Mexican plateau to highlands of Guatemala (Volcan de 

 Fuego; San Geronimo; Alotepeque). 



Sylvia occidentalis TovfKSE^Tt, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1837, 190 ("forests 

 of the Columbia Kiver; " type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ) ; viii, 1839, 53. — 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 55, pi. 395, figs. 3, 4. 



Sylvicola occidnitalis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. — Audubon, 

 Synopsis, 1839, 60; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 60, pi. 93.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 445. 



[Sylvicola] ocddenialis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



M[niotilta} ocddenialis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilia^ occidentalin Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3468. 



Dendroica ocddenialis Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 268; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 190; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 183 (Mexico; Volcan de 

 Fuego, Guatemala). — Cooper and Suckley, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, 

 pt. ii, 1860, 178 (Fort Steilacoom, Washington, June). — Sumiohrast, Mem. 

 Bost, Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Moyoapam, ^'era Cruz, alt. 8,333 feet, winter).— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 266, pi. 12, fig. 

 5; iii, 1874, 506 (Cuyamaca Mts., s. California, Myiarchusy). — Ridgway, Bull. Essex 

 Inst., vii, 1875, 22 (e. Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept. ).— Hbnshaav, Zool. 

 Exped. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 201 (Camp Crittenden and Mount Graham, 

 Arizona, Aug. 30 to Sept. 22); Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1876, 234 

 (head of Tule R., s. California, Oct. 9). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 669.— Brewster, Auk, iv, 1887, 166 (Blue Canon, 

 California, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Merrill, Auk, v, 1888, 361' 

 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, Myiarchusy). — Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 

 215 (breeding in Calaveras, Alpine, Placer, and Butte counties, California). — 

 Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 231.— Anthony, Auk, xii, 1895, 

 142 (San Fernando, Lower California, Myiarchusy 16, 1 spec.).— Grinnell, Rep. 

 Birds Santa Barbara Is., etc., 1897, 7 (Santa Barbara I., California, Myiarchusy 

 14). — Barlow, Auk, xvi, 1899, 156-161 (El Dorado Co., California; nesting 

 habits; descr. nest and eggs); Condor, iii, 1901, 179 (high Sierra Nevada; 

 habits; song; descr. nests and eggs). 



Dlendroica] ocddenialis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 513. 



Dendrma ocddenialis Sclater, Ibis, 1865, 89 (crit.).— Coues, Ibis, 1865, 163 

 (Arizona); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); 

 Check List, 1873, no. 72; 2d ed., 1882, no. 113; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 258.— 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 191 (Volcan de Fuego, San Geronimo, and Alotepeque, 

 Guatemala).— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 92.— Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 

 1877, 432 (e. Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Aug. 29, 1 spec); Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, iii, 1878, 65 (Calaveras Co., California, Myiarchusy); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 109.— Belding, Proc. U.S.Nat. Myiarchuss., i, -1879, 405 (Calaveras Big 

 Trees, Myiarchusy, July; Soda Springs, autumn; Stockton, Myiarchusy; habits).— Salvin, 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 138.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 294, 647 (La Parada, Oaxaca, near City of Mexico, etc.). 



iDendr<£ca] ocddenialis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 98.— Sclater and Sal- 

 vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



Diendroecal ocddenialis Coues, Key, N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 299. 



Dendroeca ocddenialis Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh.. xxvi, 1870, 

 611 (monogr. ). 




570 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Dendroeca peridentalia (typographical error) Cooper, Ain. Nat., iii, Nov., 1869, 



480, footnote (Colorado Valley, California, Myiarchusy 27). 

 Dendroeca chrysoparia (not of Sclater and Salvin, 1860) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lond., 1862, 19 (La Parada, Oaxaca) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 358 (do.). 

 Dendreeca niveiventris, Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, 187, pi. 24, fig. 2 



(San Ger6nimo, Guatemala; coll. Salvin and Godman). 



DENDROICA RARA (Wilson). 

 CERULEAN WARBLER. 



Wing less than 69; crown blue or greenish blue; auricular region 

 blue or olive. 



Admit male {all seasons). — Above grayish blue, brighter on the 

 pileum, where approaching cerulean or azure; sides of hinder crown 

 and occiput streaked with black, sometimes suffused into lateral 

 patches; back and scapulars more or less broadl}"- streaked with black; 

 upper tail-coverts black, margined with grayish blue or bluish gray; 

 wings and tail black with grayish blue edgings, the middle and greater 

 coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bands; 

 the inner webs of rectrices with a subterminal patch of white, largest 

 on outermost; sides of head grayish blue, relieved by a more or less 

 distinct postocular streak of dusky, this often margined above by a 

 more or less distinct (sometimes conspicuous) supra-auricular streak 

 of white; malar region and under parts white, the sides and flanks 

 broadly streaked with dusky (more or- less suffused, especially on sides 

 of breast, with grayish blue), the chest usually crossed by a narrow 

 band of blackish, more or less suffused with grayish blue, this band 

 often interrupted in the middle, sometimes wanting; maxilla black, 

 mandible grayish dusky (grayish blue in life); iris brown; legs and 

 feet brownish dusky in dried skins; length (skins), 102.9-115.6 (110.5); 

 wing, 62-67.6 (65.5); tail, 43.2-47.7 (45); exposed culmen, 9.4-^10.2 

 (9.9); tarsus, 15.7-17 (16.5); middle toe, 9.9-10.4 (10.2).' 



Adult female {all seasoiis). — Above varying from light bluish gray 

 to grayish olive-green, the pileum brighter (grayish glaucous-blue to 

 sage green), entirely unstreaked; wings and tail as in adult male, but 

 edgings light greenish or olive-grayish instead of bluish; a more or 

 less distinct whitish or pale yellowish superciliary stripe; auricular 

 region grayish or grayish olive-green, darker along upper margin, 

 somewhat streaked with whitish or pale yellowish anteriorly; under 

 parts dull white, usually more or less suffused with pale yellow (some- 

 times strongly so), especially on sides of neck and across chest; length 

 (skins), 104-110.5 (107.7); wing, 58.2-62.7 (61.2); tail, 41.1-42.7(42.4); 

 exposed culmen, 9.9-10.4 (10.2); tarsus, 15.5-17 (16.3); middle toe, 

 9.4-10.4 (9.9).' 



' Seven specimens. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 571 



Tming male, nestling plumage. — Above uniform brownish gray 

 (deep drab-gray), the pileum divided longitudinally by a broad median 

 stripe of grayish white; sides of head (including a broad superciliary 

 stripe) and entire under parts white; a narrow postocular stripe of deep 

 drab-gray; wings as in adults, but edgings greenish rather than bluish. 



[Autumnal and winter adults do not differ from spring and summer 

 specimens except in being more highly colored. This is more evident 

 in females, in which the superciliary stripe and under parts are often 

 entirely pale sulphur or primrose yellow. 1 have not seen specimens 

 which 1 am able to identify as young, of either sex, in first autumn or 

 winter; possibly some of the yellower supposed adult females are in 

 reality immature birds.] 



Eastern United States, chiefly west of the Alleghenies; breeding 

 northward to eastern Nebraska (Omaha), Myiarchusnnesota, Wisconsin, Myiarchuschi- 

 gan (as far as Myiarchusckinac Island), Ontario (Drummondville, etc.), western 

 and central New York (Niagara, Oneida, and Monroe counties), east- 

 ward to eastern Myiarchusryland (Baltimore County) and western Virginia 

 (Natural Bridge), southward to Tennessee, Louisiana (Franklin and 

 St. Tammany parishes), etc.; casually or irregularly northward to 

 Connecticut (Suflield; Seymour), Rhode Island (Providence; Paw- 

 tucket), Long Island (Crow Hill), and New Jersey (Morris County); 

 west regularly to edge of the Great Plains, occasionally to Rocky 

 Mountains (Denver, Colorado; Rio Myiarchusmbres, New Mexico). In winter 

 south to Cuba and Grand Cayman, and through eastern Mexico, Central 

 America, and western South America (chiefly east of the Andes) to 

 central Peru and Bolivia (Naipiri). 



Sylvia cerulea (not Sylvia cierlea Latham, 1790) Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 141, 

 pi. 17, fig. 5 (e. Pennsylvania; coll. Peale Myiarchuss. ). 



Sylvia carulea Bonapaktb, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 193. — Licht- 

 ENSTBiN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (seeCabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 

 37).— Thompson, Nat. Hist. Vermont, 1853, 82. 



Sylvicola cserulea Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 283; iii, 387.— Bona- 

 parte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.— Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 

 1864 (1865), 438 (Myiarchusssouri). 



[i^lvicoki] cjETutea Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



Sylvicolaccerulea Rich Anvso^s, Eep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Audubon, 

 Synopsis, 1889, 56; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 45, pi. 86.— Woodhousb, 

 Eep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. E., 1853, 70 (common in Texas and 

 Creek and Cherokee countries) .—Hoy, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 

 311 (Wisconsin).— Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (Eio 

 Myiarchusmbres, New Mexico.).— Willis, Ann. Eep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 

 (1859), 282 ("Nova Scotia.") 



Rhimamphus cxruleus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 18 (Bogota, Colom- 

 bia); 1858, 64 (EioNapo, e. Ecuador).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 

 177 (Cuba). 



Dendrmca cserulea Baird, Eep. Pacific E. E. Surv., ix, 1858, 280; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 201; Eeview Am. Birds, 1865, 191 (Coban, Guatemala; 

 Bogote, Colombia, etc.).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 




572 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1872, 414 (do.); Eepert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 234.— BAiED,BEEWEn, and 

 RIDGWAY, Hist,. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 235, pi. 13, figs. 10, 11; iii, 1874, 505 

 (Drummondville, Ontario, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Henshaw, 

 Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 196 (do.).— Brewster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 xi, 1875, 134 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia, breeding; habits; descr. nest and 

 eggs).— Bkewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 303 (Suffleld, Connec- 

 ticut, 1 spec.) .— Sutler, Bull. Brookv. Soc. N. H., ii, 1886, 35 (Franklin 

 Co., Indiana, common summer resid. ). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 658.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 35 (West Indian references), 

 501 (Grand Cayman); Birds W. I., 1889, 49; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 

 (Cuba; Grand Cayman). — Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., Texas, 

 Oct.).— Hasbrohck, Auk, v, 1888, 323 (District Columbia, Myiarchusy 5, 1888); vii, 

 1890, 291 (same occurrence).- Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 313 (Garden Key, 

 Tortugas, .1 spec. Myiarchusr. 23); vii, 1890, 19 (Key West, Florida, Apr. 16 and 

 29).— Davison, Auk, v, 1888, 430 (Niagara Co., New York, breeding).— 

 E.iMES, Auk, V, 1888, 431 (Seymour, Connecticut, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 10).— 

 Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 249 (Myiarchusnnesota; e. Kansas; e. Nebraska; 

 w. Texas, etc.; dates of migr.). — Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 142. — Goss, 

 Birds Kansas, 1891, 556 (summer resid., common in e. rare in w. Kansas).— 

 Smith (R. W.), Journ. Cine Soc. N. H., 1891, 123 (Warren Co., n. e. Ohio, 

 breeding). — Loomis, Auk, viii, 1891, 170 (Chester Co., South Carolina, Apr. 

 15 to Myiarchusy 3 and Oct. 4 to 26).— Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 238 (Beaver Co., w. 

 Pennsylvania, breeding) ; x, 1893, 41 (Indiana Co., w. Pennsylvania, breed- 

 ing). — Cherrie, Auk, ix, 1892, 21 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Aug. 24 to Oct. 

 24) . — White, Auk, x, 1893, 227 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan, raresummerresid.).— 

 Brimley, Auk, X, 1893, 244 (Raleigh, North Carolina, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 8, 1893).— 

 DuTCHER, Auk, X, 1893, 277 (Crow Hill, Long Island, 1 spec). — Nbhrling, 

 Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 212, pi. 13, fig. 6. — MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds 

 Ontario, 1894, 365 (s. Ontario, summer resid.). — Uleey and Wallace, 

 Proc. Indiana Ac Sci., 1895, 156 (Wabash, Indiana, migratory). — RHOAns, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, 495 (Samburg, Raleigh, and Bellevue, Ten- 

 nessee, breeding); Auk, xvi, 1899, 313 (lowlands of Westmoreland Co., 

 Pennsylvania, numerous, breeding). — Pleasants, Auk, x, 1893, 372 (Towson 

 Co., Myiarchusryland, 1 spec, July 7); Johns Hopkins Univ. Circular, no. iii, 1894 

 (3) (Baltimore Co., Myiarchusryland, breeding). — Toerey, Auk, xiii, 1896, 179 

 (Natural Bridge, Virginia, common). — Bagg, Auk, xvii, 199i^ 178 (Oneida 

 Co., New York, breeding).— Saunders, Auk, xvii, 1900, 358-362 ( w. Ontario; 

 nesting habits; descr. nest and eggs). — Wood (J. C. ), Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 

 (Detroit, Myiarchuschigan, breeding). — Bruner, Proc Nebr. Orn. Union, 2d an. 

 meet., 1901,57 (near Omaha, Nebraska, breeding). — Kirk wood. Auk., xviii, 

 1901, 137 (Baltimore Co., Myiarchusryland, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). 



D[endroica] cierulea Boies, Cat. Birds S. Myiarchusch., 1875, no. 40 (transient) .—Eidg- 

 WAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 499. 



Dendrceca cserulea Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31 (Bogota). — Sclater and Sal- 

 vtN, Proc Zool. Soc Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1870, 836 

 (San Pedro, Honduras); 1879, 494 (Antioquia, Colombia), 594 (Naipiri, 

 Bolivia).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc Lond., 1870, 183 (Calovevora, Veragua).- 

 Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 124 (Leavenworth, Kansas, com- 

 mon) ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 25-27 (Myiarchusnroe Co., New York; Drum- 

 mondville, Ontario; Mt. Carmel, Illinois; breeding; descr. nests and e^).— 

 Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 77.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5 (Leavenworth, 

 e. Kansas).- Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 

 1882, 6 (Huainbo, n. e. Peru); Orn. du P^rou, i, 1884, 465.— Gundlach, 

 Orn. Cuba, 1876, 65.— Puedie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (Suffleld, 

 Connecticut, 1 spec).— Meaens, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 46 (West 




BIRDS 01' NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 573 



Point, New York, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 17).— Rathbun, Revised List Birds Centr. 

 N. Y., 1879, 11 (common summer resid.).— Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, iv, 1879, 185 (Providence, Rhode Island,' 1 spec. Myiarchusy).— Ridgway, 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 98. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., 

 Aves, i, 1881, 130 (Mexico; Coban, Guatemala; Irazu, Costa Rica; Ecuador; 

 Peru; Bolivia, etc.).— Webster, Ornith. and Oolog., ix, 1884, 28 (Pawtucket, 

 Rhode Island, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 22).— Butler, Ornith. and Oolog., ix, 1884, 2S 

 (habits, etc.). — Aqersbohg, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota). — Tac- 

 zANOWSKi and Bbrlepsch, Proc Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 74 (Myiarchuschay and 

 ■Myiarchuspoto, Ecuador, Feb.).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 327, 651 

 (Guatemala; Panama; Calovevora, Veragua; Bogota and Antioquia, Colom- 

 bia; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Naipiri, Bolivia, etc.). 



Dendroeca cserulea Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 614 

 (monogr. ). 



Dendrceca ccerulea Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 118. 



Dendroica ccCTuZca Henry, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci.Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico). — 

 Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Survey, 1874, 58 (Denver, Colorado, 

 Myiarchusy 17). 



Dendroeca ccerulea Lawrence, Ann. Lye N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Lion Hill, Panama 

 R. R. ); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).— MyiarchusIlwkaith, Proc. Essex Inst., 

 V, 1866, 86 (Hamilton, Ontario).— Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 56, 233; Birds 

 Col. Val., 1878, 267.— Jouy, Field and Forest, iii, 1877, 51 (District Columbia, 

 1 spec). 



[Dendrceca] cserulea Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 99. — Cory, List Birds W. I., 

 1885, 8. 



D\endrceca'\ cserulea Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 99, 152 (n. e. Illinois, 

 rare sum. resid.). 



[Dendroica'] ccerulea Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



D[endroeca] ccerulea Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 301. 



[Mnxotilia] aerulea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3473. 



[Mniotilta'] ccerulea Giebbl, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 601. 



Dendrceca cxrula Trippb, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 235 (Decatur and 

 Myiarchushaska counties, s. Iowa, breeding). 



Sylvia rara Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 119, pi. 27, fig. 2.— Stephens, Shaw's 

 Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 657.— Vieillot, Enc Meth., ii, 1823, 448.— Bonaparte, 

 Jou«i. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197; Ann. Lye N. Y., ii, 1826, 82.— 

 NuiTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 393. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., 

 i, 1831, 258, pi. 49. 



PhyllopAeuste rara BoiE, Isis, 1828, 321. 



Vermivora rara Jabdine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 406. 



M[niotilta] rara Gray, Gen. Sirds, i, 1848, 196. 



Dendroica rora Ridgway, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 97.— American Ornithologists' 

 Union Committee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 131.— Judd, Auk, xiv, 1897, 326 (Boon- 

 ton, Morris Co., New Jersey, Sept., 1887).— Beyer, Proc. Louisiana Soc. 

 Nat., 1897-99 (1900), 113 (Louisiana, breeding in Franklin and St. Tammany 

 parishes). 



Sylvia azurea Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 653 (based on Sijlvia cerulea 

 Wilson).— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye N. Y., ii, 1826, 85; Am. Orn., ii, 1828, 27, 

 pi. 11, flg. 2.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 407.— Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 255, pi. 48.— (?)Townsend, Journ. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 viii, 1839, 153 ("Oregon"). 



Hypothimis azurea BoiE, Isis, 1828, 318. 



Sylvia bifasciata Say, Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., i, 1823, 170 (Council Bluffs, Iowa). 



Sylvia populorum Vieillot, Enc, M6th., ii, 1823, 449 (based on Sylvia cerulea 

 Wilson). 




574 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



DENDROICA BLACKBURNI^ (Gmelin). 

 BIACEBTTRNIAN WARBLER. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Pileum and hindneck black, 

 relieved by an oval patch or broad stripe of cadmium yellow or orange 

 on middle of crown; a broad superciliary stripe of cadmium yellow or 

 orange, confluent posteriorly with a large patch of the same on side of 

 neck; a spot of rather paler orange-yellow immediately beneath eye, 

 including lower eyelid; loral streak and auricular region black, the two 

 connected by a narrow rictal streak; malar region, chin, throat, and 

 chest rich orange or cadmium orange; remaining under parts pale yel- 

 lowish or yellowish white (more decidedly yellowish on breast), the 

 under tail-coverts white; sides and .flanks streaked with black, these 

 black streaks commencing at lower posterior extremity of auricular 

 region; general color of upper parts black, the back streaked with 

 whitish, especially the exterior row of interscapulars, which have 

 most of their outer web whitish, forming, when feathers are properly 

 arranged, two stripes along each side of back; feathers of rump and 

 upper tail-coverts more or less distinctly edged with whitish; two to 

 three outermost rectrices white, with black shafts and with a terminal 

 guttate or cuneate mark of black; fourth rectrix also with much white 

 on subterminal portion of inner web, and fifth sometimes with more 

 or less of a white edging to subterminal portion of inner web; exposed 

 portion of middle wing-coverts and innermost greater coverts white, 

 forming a conspicuous patch on wing, the outermost greater coverts 

 black, broadly tipped with white and narrowly edged with grayish; 

 remiges black or dusky, narrowly edged with olive-grayish, these 

 edgings broader and paler (sometimes white) on tertials; maxilla 

 brownish black, mandible horn color (in dried skins), paler basally; 

 iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 111.8-119.4 (114.8); wing, 65.3-69.3 (67.8); tail, 46.5-49.3 (48.3); 

 exposed culmen, 9.4-10.4 (9.9); tarsus, 17-17.8 (17.5); middle toe, 

 10.7-11.7 (10.9).' 



Adult female in spiking and summer. — Above grayish olive or hair 

 brownish tinged with olive; pileum more or less streaked or flecked 

 with black, the crown with more or less of a central spot of naples, or 

 pale maize, yellow; back broadly streaked with black, the exterior 

 row of interscapulars with outer webs mostly very pale buffy grayish 

 or grayish buff}^, forming two broad stripes when feathers are properly 

 arranged; upper tail-coverts black, margined with brownish gray; 

 wings and tail as in adult male, but general color much duller blackish, 

 the lateral rectrices less extensively white and the. white on greater 

 wing-coverts usually not confluent with that on middle coverts, the 

 white thus usually forming two broad bars instead of a single large 



^ Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 575 



patch; broad superciliary stripe, confluent with a patch on side of neck, 

 pale naples or maize yellow; auricular region and lores grayish olive 

 or hair brown; malar region, chin, throat, and chest deep chrome yel- 

 low; rest of under parts dull yellowish white, more strongly tinged 

 with yellowish on breast, the under tail-coverts more nearly white, 

 the longest sometimes with a narrow mesial streak of dusky; sides and 

 flanks streaked with dusky; bill, iris, etc., as in adult male; length 

 (skins), 107.9-116.8 (114); wing, 63-65.5 (64.3); tail, 46.2-47.5 (46.7); 

 exposed culmen, 9.6; tarsus, 17.3-17.8 (17.5); middle toe, 10.9-11.9 

 (11.2).' 



Admit (?) male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the summer 

 female, but upper parts darker, becoming uniform black on rump and 

 upper tail-coverts, the latter margined with whitish; under parts of 

 body more yellowish, with streaks on sides and flanks much broader 

 as well as blacker. 



Towng male in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the summer 

 female in coloration of upper parts, but without yellowish spot in cen- 

 ter of crown; yellow of throat and chest much less orange (dull lemon 

 chrome instead of deep chrome or pale cadmium). 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer plumage, but whole under parts (except under tail-coverts) 

 yellowish, not conspicuously deeper on throat and chest. 



Young femalein first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult female 

 of corresponding season, but above browner, with streaks on back, 

 etc., much less distinct, sometimes nearly obsolete; white wing-bands 

 narrower; less white on- lateral rectrices, the inner web of the outer- 

 most rectrix extensively dusky basally ; under parts pale yellowish buff, 

 deepest on chest, paler posteriorly, the sides and flanks indistinctly 

 streaked with grayish brown. 



Young, first flMm,age. — Above deep hair brown, relieved by an 

 indistinct paler longitudinal space in middle of crown and indistinct 

 darker streaks on back and rump; broad superciliary stripe, sides of 

 neck, malar region, chin, and throat very pale grayish bufl'y; chest 

 similar but rather darker and more grayish, faintly spotted with a 

 slightly darker shade; rest of under parts white, the sides and flanks 

 spotted with hair brown; wings as in autumn or winter specimens, 

 but white tips to greater and middle coverts tinged with brownish 

 buff. 



Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces; north- 

 ward to Nova Scotia, Myiarchusine, northern Ontario (Myiarchusskoka, etc.), Myiarchusni- 

 toba (Trout Lake), and southern shores of Hudson Bay (Severn House); 

 west to edge of Great Plains, casually to western Texas (Kendall 

 County, Myiarchusrch 31), New Mexico (Fort Bayard, Myiarchusy), and Utah 

 (Ogden, September) ; breeding southward to Connecticut, New York 



^ Five specimens. 




576 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Lewis and Oneida counties), Pennsylvania (Butler, Indiana, Clearfield, 

 Pike, Luzerne, and Elk counties), Myiarchuschigan, and northern Myiarchusnnesota, 

 and along Allegheny Mountains to western North Carolina (above 

 3,000 feet). South Carolina (Pickens Countj^) and eastern Tennessee 

 (Roan Mountain, 4,000 feet, and (Jhilhowee, Mountains, 2,000-4,000 

 feet). In winter southward through eastern Mexico (States of Vera 

 Cruz and Oaxaca) and Central America to Colombia, Ecuador (numer- 

 ous localities and records), Peru, and Venezuela, and to Bahama Islands 

 (Watlings Island; New Providence). Accidental in southern Green- 

 land (Frederickshaab, October, 1845) ? 



(?) Motncillafusca MtJLLEE, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 175 (based on Figuier etmnger 



Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 58, fig. 3; Guiana; Le Figuier ora?i^(l Buffon, Hist. 



Nat. Ois., V, 313). 

 (7) Motacilla aurantia Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 4 (based on Mguier etranger 



Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 58, fig. 3; Guiana; Le Figuier orange BuSon, Hist. 



Nat. Ois., V, 313). 

 (?) M[niotilta] aurantia Gkay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



(?) \_MotaciUa'] chrysocephala Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 971 (based on Figuier 

 etranger Daubenton, PI. Enl. , pi. 58, fig. 3; Guiana; Le Figuier orangS Buffon, 



Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 313). 

 (?) Sylvia chrysocephala Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 541. — Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. 



d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 206; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 459.— Stephens, Shaw's 



Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 700. 

 (?) [Sylvicola'] chrysocephala Bonapakte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309. 

 (?) IMotaciUa] incana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 976 (New York; based on 



Greypoll Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. 2, 1783, 461). 

 (7) ^Sylvia] incana Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 527. 

 (?) Sylma incana Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 224; Enc. M^th., 



ii, 1823, 442.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 628. 

 (?) Mlniotilia] incana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [Motacilla'] Uackhumiie Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 977 (based on Blaek- 



burnian Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. 2, 461). 

 [Sylvia^ blackbumise Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 527. 

 Sylvia blackbumia; "Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 36, pi. 96; Enc. M^th., ii, 1823, 



432.— Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 64, pi. 23, fig. 3.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. 



Zool., X, 1817, 627.— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 195; 



Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 80.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 



379.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 208; v, 1839, 73, pis. 135, 399. 

 Sylvicola Uackhurnix Swain'son, Philos. Myiarchusg., n. s., i, 1827, 434 (Vera Cruz, 



Mexico).— J ardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 354.— Eichaedson, Eep. 



Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 



22.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 57; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 48, pl.87.- 



Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond,, 1854, 111 (Quijos, Ecuador).— Bryant, Proc. 



Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas).— Albeecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 



52 (Bahamas). 

 iSylvicolal blackbumia- Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 307. 

 M\niotilta'\ blackbumiie Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [Mniotilta] blackbumix Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3472. 

 Hlhimanphu^'] blackbumise Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 19. 

 Rhimamphus blackburniiv Solater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 143 (Bogota, 



Colombia); 1858, 64 (Rio Napo, Ecuador). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 577 



Dendroica blackbumix Baied, Eep. Pacific E. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 274; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 196; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 189 (Coban, Guatemala; San 

 Jose, Costa Rica).— Solater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— 

 ScLATEE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1860, 64 (Pallatanga, Ecuador); 1860, 84 

 (do).— FEANTZius,Joum. fur Orn., 1869, 293(Costa Rica).— SuMyiarchuscHKAST, Mem. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz).— Baied, Beewee, and 

 RIDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 237, pi. 13, figs. 2, 3; iii, 1874, 505 

 (Ogden, Utah, 1 spec, Sept., 1871). — Beewee, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 

 1878, 303 (breeding from Connecticut northward). — Bewster, Auk, iii, 

 1886, 174 (Jackson and Myiarchuscon counties, North Carolina, breeding above 

 3,000 ft.). — Ameeican Oenithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 602. — 

 Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 1886, 140 (Oneida Co., New York, 

 breeding) .—CoEY, Auk, iii, 1886, 36; ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 50; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (New Providence and 

 Watlings Islands, Bahamas). — Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 148. — Allen, 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., ii, 1889, 69 (Quito, Ecuador); xiii, 1900, 178 (Las 

 Nubes, etc., province Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Dec, Myiarchusr.); Auk, xii, 1895, 89 

 (Berkshire Co., Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 

 1888, 252 (breeding from n. Myiarchusnnesota northward). — Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 

 20 (Tarpon Springs and Key West, Florida, rare migrant). — Loomis, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 127 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breeding). — Ralph and Baqg, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 231 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding). — Cheeeie, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 336 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Sept. to Feb.); viii, 1891, 278 (San 

 Jos^, Costa Rica; remarks on plumage). — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 619 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, breeding). — Todd, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 398 (Butler Co., Pennsylvania, breeding?); x, 1893, 41, 45 

 (Indiana and Clearfield counties, Pennsylvania, breeding). — White, Auk, 

 X, 1893, 228 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan, migrant). — Neheling, Our Native 

 Birds, etc., i, 1893, 218, pi. 12, fig. 1.— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1895, 496 (Roan Mt., 4,000 ft., and Ohilhowee Mts., 2,000^,000 ft., Tennes- 

 see, breeding). — Congdon, Auk, xii, 1895, 190 (Dingmans Ferry, Pike Co., 

 Pennsylvania, breeding). — Baily, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsyl- 

 vania, breeding). — Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 44 (Myiarchusskoka, etc., n. Ontario, 

 common summer reaid. ). 



Dendrceca blackburnise Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 30 (Pallatanga and Nanegal, e. Ecuador; Bogota, 

 Colombia). — Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 328 (Costa Rica). — Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 468 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (San Jos^, 

 Atii^o, and Barranca, Costa Rica). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 62 (Severn House, 

 Trout Lake, British Columbia).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 

 (Santa F6, Veragua); 1870, 183 (Calovevora, Chitra, Calobre, Cordillera del 

 Chucu, and Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua); Ibis, 1872, 314 (Chontales, Nica- 

 ragua).— Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 780 (Merida, 

 Venezuela); 1879, 494 (Antioquia, Colombia).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 322 

 (Alto, Colombia).— Allen,' Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 124, 166, 175 

 (Kansas; Ogden, Utah).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 80; 2d ed., 1882, no. 

 121; Birds N. W., 1874, 59; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 284.— Taczanowski, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 1879, 223 (n. Peru); 1882, 6 

 (Huambo, n. Peru); Orn. du P6rou, i, 1884, 464.— Laweence, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec) .— Boucaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1878, 52 (Naranjo, Costa Rica, Apr.).— Bewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 

 1878, 58 (descr. young).— Stephens, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 93 (Fort 



3654— VOL 2—01 37 




578 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Bayard, New Mexico, Myiarchusy, 1 spec.)-— Bbown (N. C), Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, iv, 1879, 106 (Portland, Myiarchusine, breeding); vii, 1882, 36 (Boerne, Ken- 

 dall Co., s. w. Texas, 1 spec. Myiarchusr. 31).— Coky, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 60.— 

 EiDGWAY, Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 102.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 133.— Berlbpsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond;, 1884, 286 (Oayandeled, w. Ecuador, Feb.).— Mehkiam, Auk, ii, 

 1885, 103 (Lewis Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs) .—Sharps, 

 Cat. Birds, Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 288, 646 (Quito, Pasto, and Intaj, Ecuador; 

 Medellin and Bogota, Colombia; Coban, Choctum, and Duenas, Guatemala, 

 etc.). — Taczanowski and Beklbpsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 74 

 (Myiarchuschay, Myiarchuspoto, and Bancs, Ecuador, Jan.). 



Dendroeca blackburnim Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 

 611 (mongr. ). — Salvadoki and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, no. 357, 

 1899, B (Pun, e. Ecuador, Feb.). 



Sylvia blackbumi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 168. 



[Dendrceca] blackbumix OouES, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 100. — Solater and 

 Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9:— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



Dendroeca blackbumi se ? Newton, Myiarchusn. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 98 (Fred- 

 erickshaab, 1 spec, Oct., 1845). 



Dendroeca blackbumse Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 121. 



D\endrosca] blackbumse Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 302. 



Sylvia parus Wilson, Am. Orn., v, 1812, 114, pi. 44, fig. 3. — Stephens, Shaw's 

 Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 727.— Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 449.— Bonaparte, 

 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 200; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 82.— 

 NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 392. — Audubon, Orn. Biog.,ii, 

 1834, 205, pi. 134. 



Sylvicola parus Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., ii, 1832, 209. — Bonaparte, Geog. 

 and Comp. List, 1838, 22. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 55; Birds Am., oct. ed., 

 ii, 1841, 40, pi. 83.— Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 

 (Nova Scotia). 



Mlniotilta'} parus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



MniotUta parus Eeinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (Frederickshaab, Greenland, Oct. 16, 

 1845). 



[^JRhimamphus'] parus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 311. 



SyMyiarchus melanorrhoa "VimhhOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 180 ("Myiarchusrti- 

 nique"); Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 444. 



Mlniotiltal meUmorrhoa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. 



DENDROICA DOMINICA DOMINICA (Linnaeus). 

 TELIOW-THROATED WARBLER. 



Adult male. — Forehead (sometimes crown also, especially lateral 

 portions), lores, suborbital region, and greater part of auricular region, 

 black; occiput, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 plain slate-gray,' the crown also sometimes gray (except laterally), 

 more or less streaked with black; wings and tail black, with slate-gray 

 edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with 

 white, forming two conspicuous bands across wing; tw9 to three outer- 

 most rectrices with inner web extensively white terminally, this on 

 lateral rectrix occupying approximately the terminal half; a broad 



1 Very rarely the back is spotted with black; see Wayne, Auk, vii, 1890, 97. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



579 



white superciliary stripe, usually becoming yellow anteriorly (over 

 lores); a crescentic suborbital spot and patch on side of neck (invading 

 median posterior portion of auricular region), white; throat and chest 

 lemon or gamboge yellow, the chin usually more or less white; rest of 

 under parts white, broadly streaked laterally with black, the broad black 

 streaks on sides of chest confluent with a narrow stripe connecting 

 them with the triangular black patch on side of head; bill black; iris 

 brown; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 114.3-127.2(121.9); wing, 64.5-68.6 (66.9); tail, 49-53.6 (50.7); exposed 

 culmen, 12.7-15 (13.8); tarsus, 17-18 (17.4); middle toe, 12-13 (12.4).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male and often not distinguish- 

 able, but usually with less black on forehead, which is more often 

 gray, streaked with black, medially, and yellow of throat and chest 

 averaging slightly paler; length (skins) 113-125.7 (121); wing, 63.2-65.3 

 (64.6); tail, 46-53 (50); exposed culmen, 12.4-14 (12.9); tarsus, 16.3- 

 17.5 (16.9); middle toe, 11.5-12.7 (12.2).^ 



Taung male in first OMtumn. — Similar to the adult male, but gray 

 of upper parts and white of under parts, especially the flanks, tinged 

 with brown. 



Young female in first OMtumn. — Similar to the young male in autumn, 

 but more strongly tinged with brown, both above and below, and 

 s^.reaks on sides and flanks (especially the latter) less distinct, some- 

 times obsolete. 



Young., fi/rst plumage. — Above, including entire pileum, plain light 

 grayish brown or deep drab-gray; wings dusky, with light grayish 

 brown edgings (broad and conspicuous on tertials, narrow and grayer 

 on primaries), the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with 

 brownish white; a rather broad supra-auricular stripe, a narrow sub- 

 orbital streak, and space on side of neck brownish white; loral and 

 auricular regions plain deep drab-gray, the latter with a whitish ter- 

 minal or subterminal spot; chin and throat pale drab-gray; chest and 



' Eighteen specimens. 



^ Eight specimens. 



A series of twelve specimens collected during the breeding season at and near Cape 

 Charles, Virginia, have on, the average longer bills than a series of fourteen taken at 

 various localities east of the Alleghenies (some of them on the coast) , the average 

 measurements of the two series being as follows: 



Locality. 



Wing. 



Tail. 



Ex- 

 pose 

 culmen. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Ten adult males Jrom near Cape Charles, Virginia. 



i;ightadultmalesfromvariouslocalities(eastof Alleghenies) 



FEMALES. 



Two adult females from near Cape Charles, Virginia 



Six adult females from various localities 



66.5 

 67.4 



65 

 64.4 



60.1 

 61.6 



49.5 

 60.1 



14.5 

 13 



13.6 

 12.6 



17.4 

 17.4 



16.6 

 17.1 



12.3 

 12.4 



11.7 

 12.3 




580 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEDM. 



sides of breast deeper drab-gray, the latter obsoletely streaked with 

 dull white; rest of under parts dull white. 



Atlantic coast district of United States; north to lower Myiarchusryland 

 and eastern shore of Virginia, casually to New York (Long Island), 

 Connecticut (New Haven; Hartford), and Myiarchusssachusetts (Charles 

 River; Dedham) ; breeding southward to Florida; in winter to Bahamas 

 (Myiarchusranagua, Watlings, Great Bahama, Great Inagua, Abaco, and Berry 

 islands), Cuba (including Isle of Pines), Grand Cayman, Jamaica, 

 Haiti, and Porto Rico. 



[Motadlla] dominica Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334 {based on LePiguier 

 cendrS de S. Domingue, Ficedula dominicensis cinerea, Brisson, Om., iii, 1760, 

 520, pi. 27, fig. 3).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 980. 



[Sylvia] dominica Latham, Index Om., ii, 1790, 538. 



Sylvia dominica Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 223. — Stephens, 

 Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 612. 



IM^niotilta dominica Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. 



[Mniotilta'] dominica Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3478. 



Dendroica dominica Baikd, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 209, part. — Gundlach, 

 Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 235; Journ. fiir Orn., 1872, 415 (Cuba); 

 Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 184 (Porto Rico). — Baikd, Bkbwee, and 

 Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 240, part, pi. 14, fig. 6; iii, 1874, 505 

 (Wilmington, North Carolina, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Brewer, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 303 (near New Haven and Hartford, Con- 

 necticut, accidental) ; xx, 1879, 265 (Charles R., Myiarchusssachusetts, accidental).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 663. — Allen, Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i, 1886, 257 (Dedham, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec.).— Coby, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 36 (West Indian references), 501 (Grand Cayman); ix, 1892, 

 48 (Bahamas), 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 50; Cat. W. 

 I. Birds, 1892, 118, 155 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry Islands, 

 New Providence, Watlings I., Myiarchusraguna, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Caba, 

 Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Haiti, and Porto Rico). — Richmond, 

 Auk, vi, 1889, 339 (near Washington, D. C, July 28 to Sept. 7).— Scoir, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 20 (Tarpon Springs and PuntaRassa, Florida, breeding; Key West, 

 after July 25), 313 (Garden Key, Tortugas, Myiarchusr. 23 to 29 and Apr. 8; 

 3 spec). — Brimley, Auk, vii, 1890, 323 (Raleigh, North Carolina; nesting 

 habits; descr. nest and eggs). — Wayne, Auk, vii, 1890, 97 (black-backed 

 specimen described); xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa and Aucilla rivers, n. w. 

 Florida, breeding).— Dutoicee, Auk, x, 1893, 277 (Crow Hill, Long Island, 

 1 spec). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc, i, 1893, 222, pi. 13, fig. 1.— 

 Palmer (W. ), Auk, xiii, 1896, 343 (near Mount Vernon, Virginia, breeding). 



Dlendroica'] dominica Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 504. 



Dendrceca dominica Cohbs, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 270; Check List, 1873, no. 88; 

 2ded., 1882, no. 129; Birds N. W., 1874, 66, part.— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. 

 Zool., ii, 1871, 268 (e. Florida, winter) .— Myiarchusynard, Birds Florida, 1873,60.- 

 GuNDLACH, Orn. Cuba, 1876, 67.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 

 1877, 102 (Georgia and n. Florida; nesting habits, etc.); iii, 1878, 43.— 

 Merriam, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., iv, 1877, 17 (Connecticut, several 

 records).— Phrdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 146 (Dedham, Myiarchusssa- 

 chusetts, 1 spec. ).— Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 65; Birds Haiti and San 

 Dom., 1885, 27.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, nb. 103; Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 253 (Arlington, Virginia, Sept.).— Shakpb, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 301, part (Florida; Jamaica). 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 581 



[Dendrceca'] dominica Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 104.— Cory, List Birds 



W. I., 1885, 8. 

 Dlendrma'] dommica Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— Coues, 



Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 306. 

 [Dendroica dominica'] var. dominica Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 606. 



Baird, Brewer, and RiDtiwAY, liist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 220, 241. 

 [Dendrxca dominica .] a. dominica Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 247, excl. 



syn. part. 

 [Dendrceca dominica.] /3. D. dominica Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 304, 



648, in list of specimens. 

 Dmdroeca dominica Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870,596 



(Porto Rico), 611 (monogr.). 

 Motadlla mperdliosa Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., 1783, 43 (based on la Gorge-iaune 



de St. Domingue Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 686, fig. 1). 

 Mlniotilta] superdliosa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 Dendroica superdliosa Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 289, part; Cat. 



N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 209, part.— Gundlach, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1861, 326 



(Cuba).— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863, 293 (Jamaica). 

 Dendrceca mperdliosa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861 (Jamaica); Cat. 



Am. Birds, 1862, 33, part (Jamaica) . 

 [Dendrceca] superdliosa Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part 



(Antilles). 

 [Motadlla] permlis Gkejats, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 960 (based on la Gorge-jaune de 



St. Domingue Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 686, fig. 1; Pensile Warbler Latham, 



Gen. Synop., ii, pt. 2, 1783,441). 

 Motadlla pensilis Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 

 [Syhia] pensilis Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 520. 

 Sylvia pensilis YiEiLhOT, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 11, pi. 72; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 



Nat., xi, 1817, 177; Enc. M^th., ii, 1823, 427.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. ZooL, 



X, 1817, 629.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 79.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 



Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 374.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 434, part, 



pi. 85.— D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois, 1839, 65. 

 Sylvicola pensilis Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172. — Bonaparte, 



Geog. and Comp. List. 1838, 22. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 53, part; Birds 



Am., Oct. ed., ii, 1841, 32, part, pi. 79. — Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 156; 



Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pi. 32. — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vi, 1853, 8 



(Long Island, New York).— Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 231 (Santo 



Domingo).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— 



Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 201 (Jamaica). — Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 .N. H., xi, 1866, 91 (Santo Domingo). 

 [Sylviaola] pensilis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 307. 

 S[himanphus] pensilis Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 19. 



Shimamphus pensilis Gundlach, Journ. fur Orn., 1855, 474 (Cuba) ; 1861, 408 (do). 

 [Motadlla] flavieollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 959 (based on Yellow-throated 



Creeper, Parus americanus gutture luteo, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 62, pL 



62; Yellow-throated Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop., ii, pt. 2, 437, etc.). 

 [Sylma] flavieollis Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 518. 

 Sylvia flavieollis Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 45; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 



xi, 1817, 191; Enc. M^h., ii, 1823, 453.— Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 64, 



pi. 12, fig. 6.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. ZooL, x, 1817, 679.— Bonaparte, 



Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 188. 

 Sylvicola flavicoMyiarchus Sardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 213. 

 (/) Dendroica dominica albilora (not of Ridgway ?) Scott, Auk, x, 1893, 340, 341 



(Jamaica) . 




582 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



DENDROICA DOMINICA ALBILORA Ridgway. 

 SYCAKORE WARBLER, 



Similar to D. d. dominica, but with much smaller bill, the supercil- 

 iary stripe more rarely yellow anteriorly, and with white areas on 

 inner webs of lateral rectrices averaging decidedly larger. 



Adult male.— Ij&ngth. (skins), 114.3-123.2 (116.8); wing, 63.5-69.6 

 (66.5); tail, 48.8-52.6(50.8); exposed culmen, 11.4r-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 

 16-17.2 (16.8); middle toe, 11.4-12.4 (11.9).^ 



Adult female.— L&ngth. (skins), 106.7-120.6 (115.1); wing, 63-65.5 

 (63.7); tail, 46.5-49.5 (48); exposed culmen, 10.9-12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 

 16.3-17 (16.7); middle toe, 11.7-12.2 (11.9).' 



Myiarchusssissippi Valley; north, regularly, to eastern Kansas (Neosho 

 Falls), central Illinois, Indiana (north to Carroll County), Ohio 

 (Columbus), and West Virginia (Kanawha County), irregularly to 

 southern Wisconsin, southern Myiarchuschigan (Detroit), and northern Ohio 

 (Cleveland; Rockport); breeding southward to Louisiana and eastern 

 Texas. In winter southward through Mexico (both coasts) to Yucatan 

 (including Cozumel, Myiarchusgeres, and Holbox islands), British Honduras 

 (Belize), Honduras (Truxillo; Ruatan Island), and eastern Nicaragua 

 (Grey town). Occasional during migration in South Carolina (also in 

 Georgia and Florida?). 



Sylvia flavicollis (not Motacilla flavicollis Gmelin) Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., n. s., i, 



1827, 434 (Vera Cruz, Mexico). 

 Sylvicola flavicoU'is Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 310 (Wisconsin). 

 Sylvicola permlis (not Motacilla pensilis Gmelin) Read, Proc. Ac. Nat. Scl. Phila., 



vi, 1853, 398 (Ohio). 

 Sylvia pensilis (not of Latham) Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 434, part. — Hat- 



MOND, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1856, 200 (Franklin Co., Indiana). 

 Rhimamphus permlis (not of Gundlach) Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 



291 (Mexico). 

 Sylvicola pensilis Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 53 part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 



32, part. 

 Sylmcola pensillis Pratten, Trans. 111. Agric. Soc, i, 1855, 601 (Illinois). 

 Dendroica pensilis Sci,at:eb., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 295 (Cordova, VeraOruz). 

 Dendroica superciliosa (not Motacilla superciliosa Boddaert) Baird, Rep. Pacific 



R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 289, part (Rockport, Ohio; Union Co., Illinois; 



Tamaulipas, Mexico); Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 



(Tamaulipas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 209, part— Scl ater, Proc. Zool. 



Soc. Lond., 1859, 374 (Oaxaca, Mexico).— Haymond, Geol. Surv. Indiana, 



1869, 217 (Indiana, common). — Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5 (Neosho Falls, 



s. 6. Kansas, breeding). 

 Dendroica superciliosa Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera 



Cruz); 1862, 368 (Jalapa) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 33, part (Rockport, Ohio).- 



ScLATER and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, 274 (Duenas, Guatemala, Sept.).— Dresser, 



Ibis, 1865, 478 (Brownsville, Texas, Dec; San Antonio, migr.). 

 IDendroica} mperciliosa Sciater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part 



(Mexico; Guatemala). 



' Ten specimens. » Seven specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 583 



Dendroica dominica (not Moiacilla domirtica Linnaeus) Baird, Review Am. Birds, 

 1865, 209, part (Cleveland, Ohio; Cairo, Illinois; Tamaulipas and near 

 Colima, Mexico; Duenas, Guatemala).— Sumicheast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, after Aug. 10).— Jordan, Am. Nat., ix, 

 1875, 313 (Indiana).— (?) Cherrib, Auk, ix, 1892, 21 (San Jose, Costa Rica, 

 Oct. 4, 18911). 



Dendrceca dominica Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yuca- 

 tan); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 270 (Tepic, Colima, and Rio de la 

 Coahuayana, w. Mexico). — Soott, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 222 

 (Kanawha Co., West Virginia).— Couis, Birds N. W., 1874, 66, part, 233 

 (Columbus, Ohio, common). — Langdon, Birds Cine, 1877, 6 (near Cincin- 

 nati, Ohio, common Apr. 15 to 30). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1881, 134, part (Totonicapam and Choctum, Guatemala; Valladolid, 

 Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras, etc.) . — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 301, part.— Salvin, Ibis, 1888, 250 (Holbox, Myiarchusgeres, and Cozumel 

 islands, coast of Yucatan; Ruatan Island, Honduras; crit.). 



[Dendrceca] dominica Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 103, part. 



Dendroica dominica, var. albilora Baird, Ridqway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 605 

 (Belize, British Honduras; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ) ; Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 368 

 (Illinois). — Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 

 pi. 14, fig. 7; iii, 1874, 505. 



Dendrceca dominica . . . var. albilora Ooues, Check List, 1873, 125, no. 88a. 



Dendrceca dominica var. albilora Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 16 

 (Gineta Mts., Chiapas, Jan.) . — Langdon, Birds Cine, 1877, 6 (near Cincin- 

 nati, Ohio). 



[Dendroica dominica"] var. albilora Baied, Beewee, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 220, 241, in text. 



Dlendraca] dominica var. albilora Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 99 (n. e. 

 Illinois; Indianapolis, Indiana; Detroit, Myiarchuschigan) ; ix, 1877, 35 (Mount 

 Carmel, Illinois, very abundant Aug. 30 to Sept. 2). 



Dendrceca dominica albilora "Rivaw ay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, Oct., 1878, 163 

 (Mount Carmel, Illinois); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 172, 216; Norn. N. 

 Am; Birds, 1881, 103a.— Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 iv, 1878, 13 (Brownsville, Texas, Myiarchusr. 26).— Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vii, 1882, 36 (Boerne, s. w. Texas).— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 

 130.— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 9 (s. e. Texas, breeding) . 



D[endrceca] d[ominica] albilora Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2ded., 1884, 306. 



[Dendrceca dominica] b. albilora Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 248. 



Dendroica dominica albilora Ridqway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 

 (Cozumel L, Yucatan; crit.); x, 1888, 579 (Truxillo, Honduras); Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 19 (Knox Co., Indiana); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 150.— 

 American Oenitholoqists" Union, Check List, 1886, no. 663a. — Loomis, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 139 (Chester Co., South Carolina, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 7); vii, 1890, 127 

 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breeding); viii, 1891, 171 (Chester Co., South 

 Carolina, com. migr.). — Butler, Bull. Brookville Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886,35 

 (Franklin Co., Indiana, common summer resid.). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. 

 Val., 1888, 252 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities and dates). — Evbrmann, Auk, 

 vi, 1889, 27 (Carroll Co., Indiana, breeding).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 20 

 (Key West, Florida, 1 spec. Myiarchusr. 27), 313 (Garden Key, Tortugas, 6 spec); 

 (?) X, 1893, 340, 341 (Jamaica^).— Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 564 (e. Kansas, 

 summer resid.).— Smith (R. W.), Journ. Cine Soc N.H., 1891, 123 (War- 

 ren Co., Ohio, common in Apr. ). ^Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 

 1893, 484 (Greytown, Nicaragua, Feb. 12).— Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 



'Specimen merely seen, and may have been D. gracise decora. ^Doubtful. 




584 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



xvi, 1894, 777 (Cuernavaca, Mofelos, Sept. 4) .—TJlrey and Wallace, Proc. 

 Ind. Ac. Soc, 1895, 157 ("Wabash, Indiana, migratory) .—Beyer, Proc. Loui- 

 siana Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 113 (Louisiana, breeding). 



JUiendroica] dominica albilora Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 504.— Wood 

 (J.C), Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 (Detroit, Myiarchuschigan, breeding). 



[Dendrceca dominica'] a. D. albilora Shabpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 304, 

 648 (Myiarchuszatlan; Progreso, n. Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras, etc.). 



DENDRIOCA GFACI/E GRACI^ Baird. 

 GRACE'S WARBLER. 



Resembling D. dominica, but much smaller, with superciliary stripe 

 mostly yellow, sides of neck gray instead of white, no black patch on 

 side of head, and back streaked with black. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Above slate-gray, the crown 

 and back streaked with black (sides of crown sometimes uniformly 

 black); wings and tail dusky with slate-gray edgings, the middle 

 wing-coverts broadly, the greater coverts more narrowly, tipped with 

 white, forming two distinct wing-bands; two outermost rectrices with 

 inner webs extensively white terminally (the white occupying more 

 than terminal half on outermost rectrix, which also has the outer web 

 largely white), the third rectrix also usually with a white terminal or 

 subterminal elongated patch; a superciliary stripe of yellow, passing 

 into white beyond eye; a broad dusky loral streak and a narrow dusky 

 rictal streak; auricular region and sides of neck plain slate-gray; sub- 

 orbital spot, malar region, chin, throat, and chest lemon yellow; remain- 

 ing under parts white, with sides of chest and breast, sides, and flanks 

 streaked with black; bill black, the mandible more brownish basally; 

 iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown (in dried skins). 



Adult {1) male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer plumage, but gray of upper parts slightly tinged with brown, 

 especially on back, where the black streaks are more or less concealed; 

 white of under parts tinged with pale brownish bufll'y, especially on 

 flanks. 



Young male in first autumn and whiter. — Similar to the supposed 

 adult male of corresponding season, but upper parts more strongly 

 tinged with brown, with black streaks on back entirely concealed, and 

 flanks more strongly tinged with brownish buff. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Similar to the adult male of 

 corresponding season, but duller in -color; gray of upper parts strongly 

 tinged with brown, the black streaks on back indistinct (sometimes 

 obsolete); white wing-bands narrower; yellow of superciliary stripe, 

 throat, etc., paler; white of under parts rather duller, and blackish 

 streaks on sides, etc. , less distinct. 



Adult {^femMle in autumn and winter'. — Gray of upper parts over- 

 laid by a wash of olive-brownish, the black streaks on back very nar- 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 585 



row and concealed, or obsolete; white of under parts stronglj^ buffy, 

 the sides and flanks strongly tinged with buffy brown; white wing- 

 bands tinged with brownish buff. 



Young female in first autumn mid winter. — Similar to the supposed 

 adult female of corresponding season, but still duller colored; darker 

 streaks on forehead and crown very indistinct, those on back obsolete; 

 yellow of throat, etc. , duller, and streaks on sides and flanks obsolete. 



Young male, first plumage. — Above plain grayish hair brown or 

 drab-gray, the feathers ash gray beneath the surface; sides of head 

 similar but rather paler; malar region, chin, and throat pale brownish 

 gray, minutely and sparsely flecked with darker, the chest similar, but 

 with rather large roundish spots of dusky; rest of under parts dull 

 white streaked or spotted with dusky gray medially, dull grayish 

 laterally. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 110-117 (113.2); wing, 64^66 (66.1); 

 tail, 47-50 (48.4); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.6); tarsus, 17-18 (17.2); 

 middle toe, 10-12 (10.6).' 



Adult female.— L&ngth (skins), 113-115 (114); wing, 60-62 (61); tail, 

 46^7 (46.7); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 17; middle toe, 9-12 (10.7).^ 



Southwestern United States and adjacent parts of northwestern 

 Mexico; northward through mountains of New Mexico and Arizona 

 to southern Colorado (San Juan County) ; breeding southward to Chi- 

 huahua (Colonia Grarcia) and Sonora (30 miles south of Nogales) ; dur- 

 ing migration south to Tepic (Santa Teresa, August 11) and Jalisco 

 (Bolaiios, September 17); casual in southern California (Santa Paula, 

 Ventura County, one specimen. Myiarchusy 3). 



Dendraiea gracix Baikd, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 210 (Fort Whipple, Ari- 

 zona; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.; ex "Coues MSS.").— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 

 563 (Fort Whipple). — Baird, Bbewek, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 

 1874, 243, pi. 14, fig. 10.— Hbnshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 197 

 (Inscription Rock, New Mexico; White Mts. and Camp Apache, Arizona). — 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 664. — Evbrmann, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 185 (Santa Paula, Ventura Co., California, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 3, 

 1881). — Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Santa Catalina Mta., Arizona, breeding). — 

 Meaens, Auk, vii, 1890, 261 (Clarks Valley, Arizona, in pine belt) . — Ladd, 

 Auk, viii, 1891, 315 (Yavapai Co., Arizona; descr. nest and eggs). — Jouy, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 777 (32 miles s. of Nogales, Sonora, June 

 17). — Neheling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 224. — Myiarchustchell, Auk, xv, 

 1898, 310 (San Myiarchusguel Co., New Mexico, breeding at 8,500 ft.). 



I)\_endroica\ gracix Ridqway, Myiarchusn. N. Am Birds, 1887, 506. 



[Dendroica graeiie] var. gracix Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 608. — Baird, 

 Beewek, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 220, 244. 



Dendraeca gracix Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 67 (Fort Whipple); 

 Check List, 1873, no. 87; 2d ed., 1882, no. 128; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 292 

 (excl. syn. under "b. decora"). — (?) Lawrence, Bull. U.S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 

 1876, 16 (Zapotitlan, Oaxaca, Jan.) — Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 V, 1880, 72 (Chiricahua Mta., Arizona).— Drew, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 



^ Seven specimens. ^ Four specimens. 




586 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1881, 142 (San Juan Co., Colorado, in pines up to 7,500 ft.) .— Ridgway, Nom., 



N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 104.— Henshaw, Auk, ii, 1885, 331 (upper Pecos R., 



New Mexico, fall migrant) .—Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 304, 



648. 

 [Dendrceca'] gradx Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 103.— Sclatee and Salvin, 



Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 

 Diendroica] gradx Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 306. 

 Dendrseca gracise Elliot, Illustr. Unfig Birds N. Am., i, 1869, pi. 6. 

 Dmdroeca gracise Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 611 



(monogr. ). 

 IMniotilta'] gradx Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3489.^Giebel, Thesaurus 



Orn., 1875, 603. 

 \_Dmdrceca gracix} a. gracise Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 292. 



DENDROICA GRACI.ffi; DECORA Ridgway. 

 DECORATED WARBLER. 



Similar to D. g. graciw^ but smaller; yellow superciliary stripe 

 shorter, without whitish posterior extremity; yellow ot throat and 

 chest extending further backward, covering upper chest.' 



Admit male.— h&T\gt\i (skins), 106-117 (111.5); wing, 55-62 (57); 

 tail, 43^7 (45); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.7); tarsus, 16-18 (17); middle 

 toe, 10.' 



State of Oaxaca" (Zapotitlan; mountains near Santo Domingo, June 

 18) and Chiapas" (mountains near Tonala, August 15) southern Mexico; 

 Guatemala (Toyabai-Guitche, Myiarchusy 19); British Honduras (Belize); 

 Honduras (Rio Segovia, July 17). 



Dmdroeca gradx (not of Baird) Salvin, Ibis, 1873, 428 (Guatemala). 

 [Dendrosca] gradx Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1878, 9 (Honduras). 

 Dendroica gradx, var. decora Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 608 (Belize, 



British Honduras; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 



Hist. N. A.m. Birds, iii, 1874, 505. 

 [Dendroiea gradx} var. decora Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 



i, 1874, 220, 244. 

 [Dendrceca gradx} b. decora Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 292. 



^ Except in specimens, doubtfully referred to this form, from States of Oaxaca and 

 Chiapas, southern Mexico. 



^ Three specimens, one of them (from Oaxaca) not sexed and possibly not a male. 

 These three specimens measure, respectively, as follows: 



' I am doubtful whether or not specimens from Oaxaca and Chiapas are properly 

 referred to this form, the two specimens examined having the yellow of under parts 

 restricted to the throat and chest, as in D. g. gradx. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 587 



Dendmca decora Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882/ 92 (Guatemala).— Salvin 



and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 136, pi. 10, fig. 1.— Shaepe, 



Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 305. 

 DendrcAca gracix decora Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 20, 1883, 318. 

 D\_endroka] decOra Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 506. 

 Dendroica decora Ridgway, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 585 (Segovia R., 



Honduras) .—Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (Tonald, Chiapas; Santo Domingo, 



Oaxaca). 



DENDROICA ADELAID.ffi Baird. 

 ADELAIDE'S WARBLER. 



Myiarchusch like Z>. gracice decora^hxA back and sides without black streaks 

 and yellow of under parts extending over abdomen to anal region; 

 wing and tail shorter. 



Adult male. — Above plain slate-gray, the forehead and crown nar- 

 rowly streaked with black and margined along each side by a narrow 

 black stripe; wings and tail dull black or dusky with slate-gray edg- 

 ings (paler on remiges, where nearly white terminally); middle and 

 greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two distinct 

 bands, of which the posterior one is narrower, the white confined to 

 outer webs, and not extending to the innermost coverts; inner webs of 

 three outermost rectrices extensively white terminally, the white occu- 

 pying about the terminal half on lateral rectrix; a broad superciliary 

 stripe of yellow, scarcely extending beyond eye, the posterior extremity 

 narrow and whitish; a yellow suborbital spot, separated from the yel- 

 low supraloral stripe by a loral streak of black or dusky gray: auricu- 

 lar region and sides of neck plain gray; a spot of black on sides of neck 

 (between gray of sides of neck and yellow of lower throat), with an 

 indistinct whitish space immediately in front of it; malar region, chin, 

 throat, chest, and breast lemon yellow, passing into paler yellow on 

 abdomen and this into white on under tail-coverts, the sides and flanks 

 tinged with olive, but not streaked; under wing-coverts white; bill 

 blackish, with paler tomia; legs and feet light brownish (in dried 

 skins); length (skins), 97-100 (98.3); wing, 49-51 (50); tail, 41-44 

 (42.3); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus 17-19 (18.6); middle toe, 9-10 (9.6).'' 



Young, first j)him,age. — Above plain brownish gray, strongly washed 

 with brown on back; no black on forehead nor crown; a narrow super- 

 ciliary streak (scarcely passing beyond eye), suborbital spot, chin, 

 throat, and chest pale primrose yellow or yellowish white, the remain- 

 ing under parts yellowish white; chest and sides of breast spotted with 

 grayish dusky; wings and tail as in adult, but edgings more brownish or 

 olive-gray and wing-bands narrower and less purely white. 

 Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 



'Dated 1882, but cited in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1881, as above. 

 * Three specimens. 




588 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Dendroica adelaidee Baied, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 212 (Porto Rico; coll. 



U.S.Nat.Myiarchuss.).— CoKY, Auk, iii, 1886, 37; Birds W.I., 1889, 51; Cat. W.I, 



Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 132. 

 Dendroeca adelaidx Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870,596 



(Porto Rico), 615 (monogr. ). 

 \_Dendrceca\ adelaidx Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part.— Coues, 



Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 297, in text. 

 Bendraca adelaidx GvND-LACH, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 185 (Porto 



Rico).— OouES, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 293, footnote.— Cory, Birds W. I., 1885, 



8.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 306. 

 Dlendraica'] addaidse Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 526 (diagnosis). 

 [^Dendroica gracisel var. adelaidx Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 608; in Hist. 



N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 220. 

 Sylvicola adelaidx Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, 1866, 250 (Pm-to Rico). 



DENDROICA DELICATA Ridgway. 

 SANTA LUCIA WARBLER. 



Adult male. — Similar to D. adelaidm, but wing and tail much longer; 

 yellow superciliary stripe much broader, occupying whole forehead 

 except a median line of black; sides of crown more broadly black; 

 gray of upper parts deeper, more plumbeous; yellow of superciliary 

 stripe and under parts much deeper (rich lemon, scarcely if at all paler 

 on abdomen) ; white on inner webs of lateral rectrices relatively less 

 extended, that on lateral rectrix occupying less than terminal half; 

 length (skins), 105-120 (114.2); wing, 54-57 (56); tail, 49-54 (51); 

 exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.1); tarsus, 17-20 (18.2); middle toe, 10.' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but coloration not quite 

 so deep, especially the yellow, which is exactly as in the adult male of 

 D. adelaidoB.1 though much brighter on the abdomen than in that species; 

 black on sides of crown much narrower; white wing- bands narrower, 

 especially that across tips of greater coverts; length (skin), 113; wing, 

 55; tail, 48; exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 18; middle toe, 10.^ 



Young, after Jlrst molt. — Essentially like adults, but the gray of 

 upper parts strongly washed with brown, without any black on sides of 

 crown or center of forehead, and yellow of under parts, etc., less pure. 

 Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. 

 Dendrceca adelaidx (not of Baird) Sclater, Proc. Zool., 1871, 269 (Santa Lucia; 

 crit.). — Semper, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 649 (Santa Lucia.).— Allbn, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia) . 

 [Dendrmca} adelaidx Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr. , 1873, 9, part. 

 Dendroeca adelaidx delicata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, Myiarchusr. 21, 1883, 



525 (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 [Dendroical adelaidx delicata Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 

 Dendroica adelaidx delicata Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 37; Birds W. L, 1889, 51; Oat. 



W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 155. 

 DlendrcBcal delicata Ridgway, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 526. 

 Dendroica delicata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii, 1889, 129. 

 Dendroeca delicata Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 306. — Scl.atee, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, 395. 



' Five specimens. '^ One specimen. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 589 



DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA (Linnffius). 

 CHESTNTJT-SIBED WARBLER. 



Adult male} — Forehead and crown olive-yellow, the former becom- 

 ing whitish anteriorly, both sometimes flecked with dusky; lores, sub- 

 orbital region, malar region, postocular stripe, occiput, and hindneck 

 black, the last two streaked with white, grayish, or }^ellowish, the occi- 

 put usually with a central spot of white or yellowish; auricular region, 

 sides of neck, chin, throat, and under parts white, relieved by a broad 

 lateral stripe of rich chestnut, extending from posterior extremity of 

 black malar stripe along the sides, usually to the flanks, but sometimes 

 not beyond sides of breast; back and scapulars broadly streaked with 

 black on a white, grayish, and olive-yellow ground, the last-mentioned 

 color usually prevailing; rump usually yellowish olive-green, some- 

 times grayish, with or without black streaks; upper tail-coverts black, 

 broadly margined with light gray (sometimes tinged with yellowish 

 olive-green); tail black with narrow olive- grayish edgings, the three 

 outermost rectrices with inner webs extensively white terminally, that 

 on the exterior rectrix occupying the terminal half, or more; wings 

 black with yellowish olive-green edgings (becoming grayish on prima- 

 ries and primary coverts), the middle and greatei" coverts broadly 

 tipped, the latter also edged, with sulphur yellow; lesser coverts mar- 

 gined with gray or olive-gray; bill blackish, the mandible inclining to 

 dusky horn color, especially basally; iris brown; legs and feet dusky 

 brown; length (skins), 111.8-121.9 (115.7); wing, 61.2-67.1 (63.3); 

 tail, 48.5-52.6 (50.1); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.9 (9.6); tarsus, 17-18.3 

 (17.8); middle toe, 10.2-10.9 (10.6).' 



Admit female. — Similar to adult male, but duller in color, the fore- 

 head and crown light olive-green rather than olive-yellow, the black 

 areas on sides of head less deep black, often much broken by grayish 

 streaking or mottling, sometimes replaced by grayish and much more 

 restricted; chestnut of sides averaging less extensive; greater wing- 

 coverts without yellow edgings;^ length (skins), 106.7-116.8 (111.8); 

 wing, 57.9-61.5 (59.3); tail, 46-48.5 (46.7); exposed culmen, 9.1-9.9 

 (9.5); tarsus, 17-18 (17.6); middle toe, 9.6-10.4 (10.3).' 



Young in first autumn and winter. — Above plain bright olive-green, 

 the back and rump with concealed, or mostly concealed, black or 



' Judging from the scant material from Central America, the plumage appears to be 

 the same in winter as in spring and summer; specimens examined are without dates, 

 however. 



'' Seven specimens. 



'The adult female varies so much, individually, in coloration that a satisfactory 

 diagnosis is difficult. The brighter colored females are scarcely, if at all, distin- 

 guishable from duller colored males; the average, however, are decidedly duller, while 

 some have the crown olive-green, the black head markings obsolete, and the chest- 

 nut of sides limited to a few isolated touches. 




590 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



dusky streaks; sides of head and neck plain cinereous or plumbeous, 

 relieved by a white orbital ring; under parts white medially passing 

 into light olive-gray laterally, the flanks sometimes touched with 

 chestnut; wings, tail, and upper tail-coverts as in adults. 



Young in first jplumage. — Above plain light olive, the wings and 

 tail essentially as in adults; an indistinct whitish orbital ring; sides of 

 head and neck, chin, throat, chest, and sides of breast plain pale buffy 

 grayish or drab; rest of under parts white, the sides and flanks tinged 

 with pale grayish brown. 



Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces; north 

 to Nova Scotia, northern Ontario, and Myiarchusnitoba; west to edge of the 

 Great Plains, casually to eastern Wyoming (Cheyenne); breeding south- 

 ward to Connecticut, northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Butler, 

 Armstrong, Indiana, Clearfield, Elk, and Luzerne counties), northern 

 Ohio, central Illinois, Myiarchusssouri (St. Louis County), and eastern Nebraska 

 (near Omaha), and along Allegheny Mountains to western North Caro- 

 lina (2,000 to4,000 feet), northwestern South Carolina (Pickens County, 

 etc.), and eastern Tennessee (Roan Mountain, 3,500 to 4,000 feet). In 

 winter south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Isthmus 

 of Panama (Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad) and to Bahamas 

 (island of New Providence). Accidental in Greenland. 



\_Moiacilla] pensylvanica Linnjeus, Syst. Nat, ed. 12, i, 1766, 333 (based on The 

 Red-throated Flycatcher, Myiarchussdcapa gutture rubro, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. 

 Hist., ii, 193, pi. 301). 



{Sylvia} pensylvanica Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 540. 



Dendroica pensylvanica Parkbk, Am. Nat., v, 1871, 168. — Stakk, Am. Nat., viii, 

 1874, 756 (West Virginia, breeding). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Ciieck List, 1886, no. 659.— Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 1886, 139 

 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding). — Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 174 (moun- 

 tains w. North Carolina, breeding at 2,000 to 4,000 ft.).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 249 (breeding south to Iowa and central Illinois; dates of 

 migration, etc.). — Bond, Auk, vi, 1889, 34 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, 1 spec. 

 Myiarchusy 23).— LooMyiarchuss, Auk, vii, 1890, 127 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breed- 

 ing); viii, 1891, 331 (Caesars Head, South Carolina, breeding). — Cherbie, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Sept. 28 to Apr. 24.)— Thompson, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 619 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding).— Hagerup, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland).— Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 398 (Butler and Arm- 

 strong counties, Pennsylvania, breeding); x, 1893, 41, 45 (Indiana and Clear- 

 field counties, Pennsylvania, breeding) . — Gault, Auk, ix, 1892, 396 (near 

 St. Louis, Myiarchusssouri, breeding).— Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (New 

 Providence, Bahamas).— White, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan, 

 breeding).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 213, pi. 12, fig. 5.— 

 Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 

 Sept. 29 to Feb. 16).— Stone, Auk, xi, 1894, 182 (Pocono Mts., Pennsyl- 

 vania, breeding). — MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds Ontario, 1894, 366 (common summer 

 resid.).— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, 495 (Roan Mt., e. Ten- 

 nessee, breeding at 3,500 to 4,000 ft.).— Obeeholser, Bull. Ohio Agric. 

 Ex. Sta., tech. ser., i, 1896, 326 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, July 9 to 16.- 

 YouNG, Auk, xiii, 1896, 284 (Delano, Harveys Lake, etc., Pennsylvania, 




BIRDS 0¥ NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMEEIOA. 591 



breeding). ^B AIL Y, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breed- 

 ing) .—Colvin, Auk, XV, 1898, 59 (near Osawatomie, e. Kansas, Oct. 12).— 

 Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 136 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt).— Flem- 

 ing, Auk, xviii, 1901, 43 (Myiarchusskoka, etc., n. Ontario, abundant summer 

 resid.). 



D[endroica] pensylvanica Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 500. 



Dmdrcem pensylvanica Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 199 (Fox Prairie, Richland 

 Co., Illinois, June).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San Carlos, 

 Costa Rica, Feb.) . 



[MotadMyiarchus] pensUvanica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 971. 



Sylvia pennsylvanica Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 99, pi. 14, flg. 5. — Bonapaktb, 

 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 189. 



MlniotiUa] pennsylvanica Gkay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotiltal pennsylvanica Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3485. 



Dmdrmca peuTisylvanica Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 279; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 200; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 191 (Teleman, Vera Paz, 

 Guatemala). — Hayden, Rep. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, xii, 1862, 161 (Platte 

 R., Nebraska). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (CostaRica). — Trippe, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 235 (MyiarchushaskaCo. , s. Iowa, breeding).— Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 245, pi. 13, figs. 7, 8.— 

 Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (New England, summer 

 reaid.). — Platt, Trans. Meriden Sci. Assoc, ii, 1885-86, 49 (Meriden, Con- 

 necticut, rare summer resid.). — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 35 (Bahamas, winter) ; 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 49 (W. I. references).— Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 

 145. — Oheerie, Auk, viii, 1891, 278 (San Jos6, Costa Rica; remarks on plum- 

 age). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, 43? (Luzerne Co., Pennsyl- 

 vania, bleeding). — Beuner, Proc. Nebraska Orn. Union, 2d. an. meet., 1901, 

 57 (breeding near Omaha, Nebraska). 



D[endroica'] pennsylvanica Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 500. 



Dendrceca pennsylvanica Salvin and Sclateb, Ibis, 1860, 273 (Coban, Guate- 

 mala). — ScLATBR and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama, R. R.); 1870, 836 (coast Honduras). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 vii, 1861, 322 (Lion Hill, Panama, R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (Grecia and Bar- 

 ranca, Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).— Sclater, Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 31.— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa Fe, Vera- 

 gua); 1870, 182 (Chitra and Calovevora, Veragua; Volcan de Chiriqui).— 

 Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, Myiarchusr.); iii, 1872, 

 124 (Kansas).— CouBS, Check List, 1873, no. 83; 2d ed., 1882, no. 124; Birds 

 N. W., 1874, 62; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 244.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, iii, 1878, 59 (descr. young).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 

 52 (Costa Rica).— Rathbdn, Rev. List Birds Centr. New York, 1879, 12 

 (common summer resid.). — Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 62. — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr. -Am., Aves, i, 1881, 131.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 99.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 285, 645 

 (Panama; Veragua; Jalapa; Coban, Choctum, and Duenas, Guatemala; 

 Angostura and Irazii district, Costa Rica, etc.). 



[DendrcBca'] pennsylvanica Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 102.— Sclater and Sal- 

 vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



D[endrceca'] pennsylvanica Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 99, 152 (n,e. Illi- 

 nois, breeding) .—Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 304. 



IMotacilla} icterocephala Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334 (based on Figuier 

 d teste jaune de Canada, Ficedula canadensis ideroc«p/iaios, Brisson, Orn., iii, 

 517, pi. 27, fig. 2) .— Gmblin, Syst. Nat. , i, 1788, 980. 



iSylma'] icterocephala Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 538. 




592 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Sylvia icterocephala Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 31, pi. 90; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., xi, 1817, 223; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 441.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 

 1817, 622.— BoNAPAKTE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 80.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 

 1832, 306, pi. 59.— NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 380. 



Sylvicola icterocephala Jakdine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 248.— Richardson, 

 Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836(1837), 172.— Bonapahte. Geog. andComp. List 1838 

 22.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 54; Birds Am., oet. ed., ii, 1841, 35, pi 81 - 

 Bryant, Proc. Bost. See. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Seotia); vii, 1859 110 

 (Bahamas). — Aleeecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 153 (Bahamas). 



[Sylvicolal icterocephala fieNAPAKTE, Conap. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



Dendrceca icterocephala Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 ( Jalapa).— Oaba- 

 Nis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 328 (Costa Eica) . 



Dendroeca icterocephala Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 

 612 (monogr. ). 



Dendroica icterocephala Sclatbk, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 374 (Oaxaca, Apr.). 



lilniotilta'] icterocephala Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 603. 



DENDROICA CASTANEA (Wilson). 

 BAT-BREASTED WAKBLER. 



Adult male {suminer and winter). — Forehead, sides of crown and 

 occiput, auricular region, suborbital region, lores, and malar region 

 black, the auricular region usually more or less streaked with whitish 

 or pale buffy ; crown and occiput (except laterally) rich chestnut; sides 

 of neck plain buflf; back and scapulars gray, usually more or less 

 tinged (sometimes strongly) with buffy olive, and broadly streaked 

 with black; rump similar, but with streaks obsolete or concealed; 

 upper tail-coverts gray, with more or less distinct mesial streaks of 

 blackish; tail grayish black or dusky with light-gray edgings, the inner 

 webs of two or three outermost rectrices with a terminal patch of 

 white, that on extei'ior rectrix occupying the terminal third or more; 

 wings grayish black or dusky with light olive-gray or olive edgings, 

 the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with white, forming 

 two conspicuous bands across wing; thi'oat (sometimes chin also'), 

 chest, sides, and flanks plain light chestnut; rest of under parts plain 

 pale buff or buffy white, the under tail-coverts more decidedly buffy; 

 maxilla dark brown or brownish black, mandible more brownish; iris 

 brown; legs and feet dusky brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 119.4^130.8 (125); wing, 71.6-76.2 (73.4); tail, 51.8-56.4 (53.1); exposed 

 culmen, 9.9-10.9 (10.4); tarsus, 17.5-20.3 (18.3); middle toe, 10.4-11.9 

 (11.2).' 



Adult female {summer and winter). — Essentially similar to the male 

 except in extent of the chestnut, which is often almost entirely absent, 

 and never so strongly marked; whole pileum usually distinctly streaked 

 with black on a gray, olive, or olive-green ground, the crown and 



' The chin, or at least its anterior margin, is usually dusky, sometimes whitish. 

 ' Eight specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 593 



occiput usually more or less intermixed with chestnut, sometimes with 

 a considerable patch of that color; chestnut of under parts sometimes 

 wholly absent, but usually the area so colored in the male more or less 

 distinctly indicated, especially across chest and along sides; forehead 

 and sides of head never (?) black;' length (skins), 113-123.2 (118.9); 

 wing, 67.8-73.9 (69.6); tail, 48-52.8 (50); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.9 

 (9.6); tarsus, 17.8-19.3 (18.3); middle toe, 10.4-11.7 (10.9).' 



Young in first autumn and vnntar. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and 

 scapulars dull yellowish olive-green, usually indistinctly (rarely dis- 

 tinctly) streaked with black, often without streaks; rump and upper 

 tail-coverts more grayish than back, with or without streaks; wings 

 and tail as in adults, but white wing-bands usually tinged, more or 

 less, with olive -yellowish; sides of head and neck mostly yellowish 

 olive or dull olive-yellow, relieved by a dusky grayish loral and post- 

 ocular streak, the eyelids white or pale yellowish; under parts pale 

 buff or buffy whitish, more decidedly whitish on throat and abdomen, 

 more strongly buff on flanks and under tail-coverts, the former usually 

 tinged (sometimes strongly) with chestnut. 



Toung female, first plumage. — "Remiges, rectrices, primary coverts, 

 and alul« as in adult. Pileum, nape, and rump dull brown; back dull 

 ohve-green; upper tail-coverts slaty-black. Entire under parts 

 creamy-white, with the slightest possible tinge of clay-color, varying 

 to ashy on the breast No trace of chestnut on the flanks. Sides of 

 head buff, strongly tinged with greenish on the auriculars and maxil- 

 lary line. Each feather of the body, both above and beneath, with a 

 large terminal spot of black; the posterioi half of abdomen, anal 

 region, and crissum are, however, immaculate. In my collection, 

 • from Upton, Me., August 9, 1873.'" 



Eastern United States and British Provinces; north to Hudson Bay 

 (Moose Factory, Hamilton Inlet, etc.) and Myiarchusnitoba (Portage la 



' Usually the adult female has the back more narrowly streaked than the adult 

 male; sometimes the streaks, both on back and pileum, are nearly obsolete. 

 ''Eight specimens. 



.'Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 58-59. Myiarchus. Brewster adds that "a 



very complete suite of specimens, taken late ni August and early in September, 



illustrates well the development of the plumage of the young of this species. The 



spotted feathers of the under parts, with the exception of a narrow line down the 



center of the breast, are the first to disappear, and simultaneously with their removal, 



the chestnut flank-patches become apparent. Next the pileum and nape take on 



the autumnal green, and last of all the feathers of the back and central line beneath 



are changed. Adults of this species in fall dress are indistinguishable from the young, 



except by the more pronounced chestnut on the sides." While admitting the possi- 



' bility that adults assume a different plumage in winter, I would say that adult males 



' in the National Myiarchusseum collection from Guatemala and Colombia (Bogota), pre- 



< sumably taken in winter, are in coloration exactly like spring and summer speci- 



' mens from the United States. 



3654— VOL 2—01 38 




594 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Prairie); west to edge the Great Plains; breeding southward to north 

 ern Myiarchusine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, and northern Myiarchuschi 

 gan (Myiarchusckinac Island). In winter southward through eastern Mexicc 

 and Central America ^ to Colombia ( numerous localities and records) 

 No West Indian record. 



Sylvia castanea Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 97, pi. 14, fig. 4 (e. Pennsylvania; coll 

 Peale Myiarchusseum). — Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 714. — Vieillot, 

 Enc. M^th., ii, 1823, 452. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 

 189; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 80.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832^ 

 382.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 358, pi. 69. 



Syhicola castanea Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172. — Bonapakte, 

 Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 53; Birds Am., 

 oct. ed., ii, 1841, 34, pi. 80.— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 

 (Wisconsin); Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1864 (1865), 438 (Myiarchusssouri). 



[Sylvicolal castanea Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



M[niotilta'] castanea Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Myiarchusiatilta'] castanea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3483. 



JRlhimanphus'] castaneus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 19 (Mexico). 



Dendroica castanea Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 276; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 197; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 189 (Turbo, Rio Truando, and 

 Panama, Colombia). — Sclatee and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— 

 Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 193 (Rio Truando and Turbo, 

 Colombia). — Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 192 (remarkable 

 abundance in e. Myiarchusssachusetts and s. Wisconsin in spring of 1872); xvii, 

 1875, 439 (n. New England, breeding). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 251, pi. 13, figs. 4, 5.— Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 237 (Moose Factory and Hamilton Inlet, Hudson Bay).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 660. — Cooke, Bird 

 Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 250 (Nebraska, etc.; breeding at Portage la Prairie, 

 Myiarchusnitoba; dates, etc. ).— Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 146.— Thompson, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 619 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding).— Looms, Auk, 

 X, 1893, 155 (remarks on coloration).— White, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Myiarchusckinac 

 I., Myiarchuschigan, rare sum. resid.). — Nehrlixg, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 

 215, pi. 12, fig. 4.— MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds Ontario, 1894, 367 (Listowell, Ontario, 

 breeding).— Allen, Auk, xvii, 1900, 367 (Bonda, Santa Myiarchusrfa, Colombia, 

 Oct. 27). 



Dlendroica} castanea Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 501. 



Dendrceca castanea Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama E. E.).-;- 

 Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31.— Sclatee and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. E.); 1879, 494 (Remedios, Antioquia, Colom- 

 bia).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 322 (Naranjo, Colombia).— Myiarchus ynaed, Proc. Bost 

 Soc. N. H., xiv, 1871, 10 (breeding habits).— Brewer, Ibis, 1872, 334 (migra- 

 tions) .— CouBS, Check List, 1873, no. 82; 2d ed., 1882, no. 123; Birds N. W., 

 1874, 61; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 243.— Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 

 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec City, Oct.).— Bebwstee, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 

 1878, 58 (descr. young).— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 100.- 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 132.— Ne'heling, Bull. 



' Mexican and Central American records for this species are singularly few, only 

 the State of Oaxaca (Tehua,utepec City) and Guatemala being represented, so far as J 

 have been able to discover. Its line of migration would therefore appear to be chiefly 

 across the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea to Colombia. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 595 



Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1882, 9 (s. e. Texas) .—Sharpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 320, 650 (Bucaramanga, Remedios, and Medellin, Colombia; Panama 

 and Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; Veragua) . 



[Dendrceca] castanea Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 101.— Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



Dlendmca] castanea Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 804. 



Dmdroeca castanea Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stookh., xxvi, 1870 

 614 (monogr. ). 



SyMyiarchus autumnalis Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 65, pi. 23, fig. 3.— Stephens, 

 Shaw's Gen. ZooL, x, 1817, 632.— Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 448.— 

 Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 195; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 

 1826, 84.— NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 390.— Audubon, Orn! 

 Biog., i, 1831, 447, pi. 88. 



DENDROICA STRIATA (Forster). 

 BLACE-FOLL WARBLER. 



AdfuU male in spring and summer. — Entire pileum uniform black; 

 hindneck streaked with black and white, in varjdng relative propor- 

 tion; back and scapulars broadly streaked with black on a gray, pale 

 olive, or (more rarely) wood brown ground; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts similar but less distinctly streaked, often (especially the rump) 

 without streaks; tail dusky, with light gray edgings, the inner webs of 

 two or three outermost rectrices with a subterminal patch of white 

 (largest on the lateral rectrix); wings dusky with light olive edgings 

 (more yellowish olive on primaries), the middle and greater coverts 

 broadly tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bands; sides of 

 head white, including lower eyelid, suborbital region, auricular region, 

 and malar region; sides of neck streaked with black and white; under 

 parts white, broadly streaked laterally with black, the black streaks 

 on sides of throat coalesced into two stripes converging and usually 

 united on chin, forming a conspicuous V-shaped mark; under tail- 

 coverts immaculate pure white; maxilla dusky with paler tomia; 

 mandible horn brownish, paler basally; iris brown; legs and feet pale 

 yellowish brown in dried skins (yellowish in life?); length (skins), 118- 

 140(125.8); wing, 71.4-77.6 (74.2); tail, 48.6-54(51.3); tarsus, 18.4- 

 20.4 (19.1); middle toe, 10.8-13 (12).^ 



Adult female in sprvng and summer. — Above varying from olive- 

 green to gray, streaked, more or less broadly, with blackish, the 

 streaks usually more or less obsolete on rump; wings and tail as in 

 adult male, but white wing-bands tinged with yellow (except in speci- 

 mens having a gray upper surface); under parts varying from white 

 to pale olive-yellow (with all intermediate conditions — the under tail- 

 coverts always white), more or less distinctly streaked laterally icith 

 black or dusky, the streaks usually most distinct on sides of throat 



' Twenty-five specimens. 




J96 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



and breast- length (skins), 115-127 (120.1); wing, 69-75 (71.5); tail, 

 45-51 (48.4); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 18-20 (19.1); middle 

 toe, 10.5-12 (11. 5). 1 



Adult male in autumn and tmnter.^ — Very different from the summer 

 plumage. Above dull olive-green, passing gradually into dull graj' 

 on upper tail-coverts; back and scapulars (sometimes also pileum 

 rump, or upper tail-coverts) narrowly streaked with black; wings and 

 tail as in summer plumage, but white wing-bands usuallj' tinged with 

 yellow; a narrow and indistinct superciliary streak of pale olive- 

 yellowish, the upper eyelid whitish ; auricular region and sides of neck 

 olive or dull olive-greenish, like general color of upper parts; malar 

 region, chin, throat, chest, breast, and sides pale olive-yellow or straw 

 yellow, the sides and flanks indistinctly streaked with dusky; abdomen, 

 anal region, and under tail-coverts white. 



Young in first autumn and winter.^ — Similar to the adult male at 

 same seasons, but under parts more extensively yellowish (only the 

 under tail-coverts white), upper tail-coverts dull olive-greenish, like 

 back, etc. , instead of grayish, and back usually less distinctly streaked. 



Young ^ first phimage. — Pileum, back, and scapulars light grayish 

 brown streaked with black, the streaks more or less wedge-shaped, 

 especially on back; rump very pale grayish brown or light buffy gray, 

 transversely mottled or barred with black; upper tail-coverts grayish 

 brown with indistinct paler tips and dusky shaft-streaks; under parts 

 whitish, tinged with olive-yellow anteriorly, everywhere, except on 

 under tail-coverts and lower abdomen, transversely mottled with dusky; 

 wings and tail as in winter plumage. 



Eastern and northern North America, north to the limit of tree- 

 growth; breeding from Ungava (Fort Chimo) and shores of Hudson 



' Seventeen specimens. 



Western specimens average larger than eastern, measurements being as follows: 



^ This species in winter plumage closely resembles inmature specimens bl D- ^ 

 castanea, but may at once be distinguished by the pure white, instead of buff, onder • 

 tail-coverts, and pale yellowish brown, instead of dusky, feet, independent of other 

 differences. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 597 



Bay to northern and western Alaska (Kowak River, Hotham Inlet, 

 Nulato, etc ), southward to Gulf of St. Lawrence (Myiarchusgdalen Islands, 

 Anticosti Island), northern New England (mountains of Vei'mont, etc.), 

 northeastern New York (Adirondack and Catskill Mountains), northern 

 Myiarchuschigan (Myiarchuscldnac Island), Myiarchusnitoba (?), and Colorado (Seven Lakes); 

 west (during migration) to New Mexico, Colorado, and Montana. In 

 winter southward through West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Grand ('ay- 

 man, Jamaica, Porto Rico, Santa Lucia, Guadeloupe, Barbados, etc.) 

 to Tobago, Trinidad, and continent of South America (Guiana, Vene- 

 zuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Chili). No Mexican nor Central 

 American record. Accidental in southern Greenland (Godthaab, in 

 1853). 



Myiarchussdcapa . . striata Fokster, Philos. Trans., Ixii, 1772, 406 (Severn River). 



Myiarchusseicapa striata FoRS'viin, Philos. Trans., Ixii, 1772,428 (Hudson Bay). 



[Myiarchussdcapa] striata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 930, — Latham, Index Orn., ii, 

 1790, 481.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 370. 



[Motacilla'] striata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 976 (based on Black-poll 

 Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, 460; Pennant, Arct. 2ool., ii, 401). 



[Sylma] striata Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 527. 



Sylvia striata Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 22, pis. 75, 76; Nouv. Diet. 

 d'Hist. Nat, xi, 1817, 219, 222; Enc. M^th., ii, 1823, 441, 464.— Wilson, Am. 

 Om., iv, 1811, 40, pi. 30, fig. 3; vi, 1812, 101, pi. 54, fig. 4 (female).— 

 Stephens, Shaw's Gen. ZooL, x, 1817, 645. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 199; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 81.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 383.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 201, pi. 

 133. — Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 33. 



SyMyiarchusula striata SwAiNSONand Richakdson, Fauna Bor. -Am., ii, 1831, 218. — Bona- 

 parte, Geog. and Oomp. List, 1838, 22.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 52; Birds 

 Am., cot. ed., ii, 1841, 28, pi. 78.— Reinhardt, Journ. fiir Om., 1854, 427 

 (Greenland).— Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (Rio Myiarchusm- 

 bres, New Mexico).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova 

 Scotia); vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 

 1860, 307 (Cuba).- Albeecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 52 (Bahamas). 



[iSylvicola'] striata Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



MlniotUta] striata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



IMniotilta'] striata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3474. 



Mniotilta striata Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (Godthaab, Greenland). 



JR[himanphus'] striatus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850,20. 



BUmamphus striatus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 475 (Cuba); 1861, 409 

 (do.).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 143 (Bogota, Colombia). 



Dendroica striata Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 280; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 202; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 163, 192.— Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 

 220 (Labrador).— Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Saskatchewan).— D all and Ban- 

 nister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 278 (Nulato, Alaska).— Dall, 

 Am. Nat., iv, 1870, 600 (Yukon R., Alaska) .—Gundlach, Repert. Fisico-Nat. 

 Cuba, i, 1865, 234; Journ. fur Orn., 1872, 414 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. 

 Nat., vii, 1878, 181 (Porto Rico).— Baird, Brewer, andRIDGWAY, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 248, pi. 13, figs. 9, 12.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1875, 

 439 (n. New England, breeding).— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's 

 Surv., 1874, 59 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 17); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 




98 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1875, 198 (do.)-— Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 237 (FortChimo, 

 Ungava, breeding). — American Ornitholooists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 661.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 35 (West Indian references); ix, 1892,49 

 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 49; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 

 (New Providence, Watlings I., Great Inagua, and Arguilla, Bahamas; Cuba; 

 Grand Cayman; Jamaica; Porto Rico; Barbados). — Townsend, Auk, iv, 1887, 

 13 (Kowak R., u. w. Alaska). — Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 

 202.— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 251 (dates of migr., etc.).— Eidg- 

 WAY, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 147.— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii,1890, 

 619 (Myiarchusnitoba; breeding?). — Myiarchuscfarlane, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 

 1891, 444 (Anderson R., arctic Am., breeding). — Nehrling, Our Native 

 Birds, etc., i, 1893, 217, pi. 12, fig. 3.— White, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Myiarchusckinacl., 

 Myiarchuschigan, rare sum. resid. ). — Thorne, Auk, xii, 1895, 218 (Fort Keogh, 

 Montana, common in Myiarchusy). — Bishop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 90 

 (Log Cabin, Lake Myiarchusrsh, and Caribou Crossing, Alaska). — Allen, Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (Bonda, province Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Oct., 

 Nov.). — Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 79 (Fort Kenai, Alaska).— 

 Howell, Auk, xviii, 1901, 344 (Mount Myiarchusnsfield, Vermont, breeding). — Bige- 

 Low, Auk, xix, 1902, 30 (Labrador, breeding north to limit of tree growth) . 



Dendroica siriatus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). 



Dendrceca striata Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31 (Jamaica; Tobago; Bogota).— 

 Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 62 (interior British America) . — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 780 (Merida, Venezuela). — Coues, Check List, 

 1873, no. 81; 2d ed., 1882, no. 122; Birds N. W., 1874, 60; Birds Col. Val., 

 1878, 288.— Newton, Myiarchusn. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 97 (Godthaab, 1 

 spec, 1853).— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia, 

 Lesser Antilles).— Myiarchusnot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 227 (Seven Lakes, 

 Colorado, summer resident; Denver, Myiarchusy). — Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 

 61. — RIDGWAY, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 101. — Allen and Brewster, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 158 ( Austina Bluffs, Colorado, Myiarchusy 8, 9).- 

 Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 371 (Myiarchusgdalen Islands and 

 Anticosti I., breeding). — Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 622 

 (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles). — MyiarchusLenegan, Cruise "Corwin," 1884, 114 

 (Kowak R. and Hotham Inlet, Alaska). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 325, 650 (Roraima, British Guiana; Oyapoc, French Guiana; Eio Negro; 

 Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; etc.). — Jambs, New List Chilian Birds, 1892, 2.. 



[Dendrmcal striata Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 101. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



Dlendroeca} striata Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— Coues, 

 Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 303. 



JDendroeca striata Sundevall, 6fv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 614 

 (monogr. ). 



Dendroica pinus (error) Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 220 (Labrador). 



Dendrceca atricapilla Landbeck, Archi v. fiir Naturg. , 1864, 56 (Chile) . 



Anthus breviunguis Spix, Av. Bras., i, 1824, 75, pi. 76, fig. 1 (Brazil).— Burmeister, 

 Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 120.— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 24 

 (Trinidad).— Pblzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 69, 463. 



[Anthus^ breviunguis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 250, no. 3631. 




BIRDS OF north: AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 599 



DENDROICA VIGORSII VIGORSII (Audubon). 

 PIKE WARBLER. 



Largest species of the genus (wing 67.6-Y6 in male, 66.5-70 in 

 female); upper parts (except wings and tail) unicolored (plain olive- 

 green, grayish olive, or olive-brownish); wing-bands dull white or 

 grayish. 



Adiilt male in spring <tnd summer. — Above plain bright olive-green, 

 usually becoming more grayish on scapulars; wings and tail dusky 

 with dull gray edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly 

 tipped with dull white or pale gray, producing two distinct bands; 

 inner webs of two outermost rectrices extensivelj^ white terminally, 

 the white on lateral rectrix occupying nearlj' the terminal half, the 

 outer web more or less broadly edged with white; sides of head and 

 neck olive-green, the former relieved bj^ a narrow, usually indistinct, 

 superciliary streak and a crescentic suborbital spot of yellow, the 

 lores usually darker olive-green, often becoming dusky at anterior 

 angle of eye; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and breast — usuall}^ 

 upper portion of abdomen also — yellow (intermediate between gamboge 

 and canary yellow), the sides of chest and breast usually streaked, 

 more or less, with olive-greenish, sometimes distinctly streaked with 

 dusky; posterior under parts dull whitish, the under tail-coverts gray 

 basally; bill brownish black, the mandible more brownish basally; 

 iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown. 



Admit male in autumn and lointer. — Similar to the spring and summer 

 dress, but plumage softer and colors purer, especially the yellow of 

 under parts, which is nearly clear lemon yellow; bill more brownish, 

 the basal portion of mandible decidedly paler. 



Admit femule in spring and summer. — Smaller and much duller in 

 color than the male; above plain olive, or dull olive-greenish, inclining 

 to gray on hindneck and scapulars, sometimes almost wholly dull gray; 

 beneath pale olive-yellowish anteriorly' and dull whitish posteriorly, 

 sometimes wholly dull grayish white, faintly tinged with yellow on 

 chest, the sides and flanks more strongly tinged with olive or grayish, 

 and sometimes obsoletely streaked with darker, especially on sides of 

 chest; wings and tail as in the male. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer dress, but plumage softer, the upper parts tinged with brown 

 and under parts tinged with buff. 



Toung male in first autumn and winter? — Similar to the adult male 

 of corresponding season, but upper parts tinged with brown, the lower 

 parts with buff. 



Young female in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult 

 female of corresponding season, but more decidedly brown above and 

 more strongly tinged with buff' below. 




00 



BULLETIN SO, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Toung male, first plumage. — Above plain broccoli brown, the wings 

 Qd tail as in the adult, but wing-bands narrower, more or less strongly 

 uffy; beneath dull whitish, strongly shaded across chest and along 

 des and flanks with pale broccoli brown. 



Young female, first plumage. — Similar to the young male, but upper 

 arts rather less decidedly brown. 



Adult rrMle.—l^Qngth. (skins), 118-136 (125.2); wing, 67.5-76 (72.9); 

 lil, 51.5-58 (54.4); exposed culmen, 10-12 (10.9); depth of bill at 

 ostrils, 4-4.5 (4.2); tarsus, 17.5-19.5 (18.5); middle toe, 12-13.5 

 L2.7).^ 



Adult female.— Liength (skins), 115-128 (120.2); wing, 66.5-70.5 

 )8.4); tail, 50.5-53.5 (52.2); exposed culmen, 9.8-11 (10.6); depth of 

 ill at nostrils, 4; tarsus, 17-19 (18.2); middle toe, 12-13.5 (12.4).' 



Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces, north 

 3 Myiarchusnnesota, Myiarchusnitoba (to Lake Winnipeg), Ontario (Lake Myiarchusskoka, 

 lamilton, etc.), New York, southern Myiarchusine, and New Brunswick; 

 reeding southward to southern Florida and Gulf States, wintering in 

 louthern States (Florida to Texas) and northward to coast district of 

 '^irginia, southern Illinois, etc., occasionally to Myiarchusssachusetts; occa- 

 ional in Bermudas. 



Sylvia pinus (not of Latham, 1790) Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 25, pi. 19, fig. 4.— 

 Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 737, part. — Vieillot, Enc. Meth., ii, 

 1823, 464.— BoNAPAKTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 194; Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., ii, 1826, 81.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 387.- 

 AuDUBON, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 132, pi. 111. 



Th[riothurm'] 1 pinm Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiv, 1826, 194, part. 



Sylmcola pinus Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 316, pi., 19, fig. 4. — Rich- 

 ardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172. — Bonaparte, Geog. and 



' Twenty-seven specimens. 

 ^ Nine specimens. 



Specimens from different localities (mostly taken during breeding season) average 

 3 follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 601 



Comp. List, 1838, 22.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 54; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 

 1841, 37, pi. 82.— HuBDis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 35 (Bermudas, Oct. ).— 

 WooDHOusB, Rep. Sitgreaves' Exp. Zufii and Col. R., 1853, 70 (Texas).— 

 Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin).— Kbnnicott, 

 Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc, 1855, 583 (Illinois).— Myiarchusrtens, Journ. fur Orn., 1859, 

 312 (Bermudas).— Bland, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1859 (1860), 287 

 (Bermudas).— Teippe, Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 1871, 114 (Myiarchusnnesota?). 



IVermivora] pinvs Swainson Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 245. 



Mniotilta pinus Swainson, Birds W. Africa, i. Myiarchusr., 1837, 273, in text. 



M[niotitta] pimxsGnAY, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[Mniotilta] pinus Gu AY, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3484. 



[Bhimamphus] pinus JiovA-p ARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 311. 



Dendroica pinna Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 277; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 198; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 190.— Verkill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 

 1862, 156 (Myiarchusine).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Ara. Birds, i, 

 1874, 268, pi. 13, fig. 6.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (s. New 

 England, breeding). 



Diendroica] pinus Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 368 (Illinois, breeding) . 



Dendraxapinus ^ Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31 (Pennsylvania). — MoIlwraith 

 Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 86 (Hamilton, Ontario).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp! 

 Zool.,ii, 1871, 268 (e. Florida, abt. winter).— Coues, Check List, 1878, no. 91, 

 2d ed., 1882, no. 134; Birds N. W., 1874, 69; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 251.— 

 Brown (N. C), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 107 (s. Myiarchusine, breeding).— 

 Roberts and Bbnner, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 13 (Plerman, Myiarchusnne- 

 sota).— Ridgway, Nom. N.Am. Birds, 1881, no. 111.— Nehrlinq, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 9 (Harris Co., s.'e. Texas, winter).— Browne, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 119 (Framingham, Myiarchusssachusetts, Dec. 5; 4 specs.).— 

 Merriam, Bull. Nut. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 128 (Adirondacks, New York, 1 

 spec. Myiarchusy).— Grundtvig, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 71 (Shiocton, 

 Wisconsin, Apr. 31 to Myiarchusy 12).— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 

 120 (Duxbury, Myiarchusssachusetts, Dec. 27). — Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 323, 650.— Agersborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota). 



[DeTidrceca] pinus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 105. 



D[mdr(Kca]pmMyiarchus Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100, 152 (n. e. Illinois, breed- 

 ing).— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 307. 



Dmdroeca pinus Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 612 

 (monogr. ). 



Dendrceca pina Coues, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 272. — Myiarchusynard, Birds Florida, 

 1873, 48. 



Sylvia vigorsii AvuuBOiJ, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 153, pi. 30 (Perkioming Creek, e. Penn- 

 sylvania) . 



Vireo vigorsii Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 318. 



Dendroica vigorsii^ Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 356; Orn. 



Illinois, i, 1889, 152. — Ste.ineqer, Auk, ii, Oct., 1885, .343. — American Oeni- 



\ thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 671.— Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 326 



' The following West Indian citations I am not able, in the absence of specimens, 

 to correctly place: 



Dendroeca pinus Cory, Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 33. 

 Dendroica mgorsii Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 352 (Cay Sal, Bahamas); Cat. W. I. 

 Birds, 1892, 118, part (Great Bahama, Andros, and Cay Sal islands, Baha- 

 mas; Haiti). 

 They are more likely to refer to D. v. achrustera or D. v. abacoensis — or some unnamed 

 insular form or forms — than to true D. vigorsii. 




02 BULLETIN 60, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(Lake Winnipeg) .—Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 254 (Myiarchusssissippi 

 Valley localities, etc. ; winters north to s. Illinois) . — Thompson, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 620 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding). -Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 2d 

 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, breeding). — Ralph and Bagg, Auk, vii, 1890, 232 

 (OneidaCo.,Newyork,breeding).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 567 (migrant). - 

 Brimley, Auk, viii, 1891, 199 (Raleigh, North Carolina; breeding habits).— 

 Attwatee, Auk, ix, 1892, 341 (San Antonio, Texas; rare migr.). — White, 

 Auk, X, 1893, 228 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan; rare sum. resid.).— Nehhling, 

 Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 232.— MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds Ontario, 1894, 

 371 (Hamilton, Ontario, breeding) — Allen, Auk, xii, 1895, 89 (Berkshire 

 Co., Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding).— Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa and 

 Aucilla rivers, n. w. Florida, breeding). — Henningek, Auk, xv, 1898, 331 

 (Waverly, Ohio, breeding). — Beybb, Proc. Louis. Soo. Nat. for 1897-99 

 (1900), 114 (Louisiana, breeding). — Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 44 (Lake 

 Myiarchusskoka, Ontario, 1 spec; Apr. 30, 1898). 

 Dlendrmca] vligordi] mgorsii Ridgway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69, in text. 



DENDROICA VIGORSII ACHRUSTERA (Bangs). 

 NASSAU FINE WARBLER. 



Similar to D. v. vigorsil, but wing much shorter, tail relatively longer, 

 nd bill and feet larger; yellow of under parts averaging paler, not 

 stending to flanks or lower abdomen; yellow supraloral line averag- 

 ig broader, more distinct; white on inner webs of lateral rectrices 

 lore restricted. Young (in first plumage) with upper parts much 

 rowner (cinnamon -brown or nearly prouts brown). 



Adult mafe.— Length (skins), llVl30 (123.2); wing, 64-69 (66.9); 

 lil, 54-56 (54.2); exposed culmen, 11.5-12.5 (12); depth of bill at 

 ostrils, J--1.5 (4.1); tarsus, 18.5-19 (18.9); middle toe, 13-13.5 (13.4).' 



Adult female.— l^Qngih (skins), 120-123 (121.5); wing, 62-63 (62.5); 

 lil, 51.5-52 (51.7); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2); depth of bill at 

 ostrils, 4; tarsus, 19-19.5 (19.2); middle toe, 13-13.5 (13.2).' 



Island of New Providence, Bahamas. 



This is clearly an insular form of D. vigorsii, differing only in its 

 aorter wing, larger bill and feet, and relatively longer tail. Every 

 baracter of coloration in adult birds I find in occasional specimens of 

 :'ue D. vigorsii, which is exceedingly variable in respect to extent of 

 16 yellow on the under parts, and other color characters. 



Sylvicola pimia (not Sylvia pinus Wilson, nor of Latham) Bryant, Proc. Bost. 



Soc. N. H., xi, 1867, 67 (Bahamas).' 

 Dendrceca pinus Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 69, part. 

 [Dendrmca] pinus Cory, List Birds, W. I., 1885, 8, part. 



'Four specimens. 

 '' Two specimens. 



' No particular island is mentioned, but a specimen from the Bryant collection m 

 le U. S. National Myiarchusseum collection agrees closely with the examples from New 

 rovidence, and la probably from that island. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. (303 



Dendroica vigorsii (not Sylvia vigorsii Audubon) Coky, Auk, iii, 1886, 39, part 

 (Bahamas, part) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 53, part (do. ) ; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 

 part (Ne-v Providence I., Bahamas).— Ridgway, Auk, viii, 1891, 335 (New 

 Providence, Apr. 17, 19). 



Drndroica bahamensis (not D. pityophila bahamerms Cory, 1891) Myiarchusynard, App. 

 to Oat. of Birds of the W. I., Nov. 29, 1899, 33 (New Providence I., Baha- 

 mas; coll. C. J. Myiarchusynard).' 



Dendroica achrustera Bangs, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 292 (Nassau, New Prov- 

 idence I., Bahamas; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs). 



Dlendroica} vigorsii achrustera Ridgway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69, in text. 



DENDROICA VIGORSII ABACOENSIS Ridgway. 

 ABACO PINE WARBLER. 



Similar to J), v. vigorsii, but decidedly larger, with relatively shorter 

 wing and with under parts more extensively whitish posteriorly; simi- 

 lar to D. 1). achrustera, but larger and with yellow of under parts 

 brighter and with flanks much less strongly tinged with brown. 



Adult male.— Length (skin), 133; wing, TO; tail, 57; exposed cul- 

 men, 13.5; depth of bill at nostrils, 5; tarsus, 20; middle toe, 13.5.^ 



Island of Abaco, Bahamas. 



(?) Dendrcecapinus (not Sylvia pinus Wilson, nor of Latham) Cory, Birds Bahama 



Is., 1880, 69, part. 

 {1) Dendroica vigorsii (not Sylvia vigorsii Audubon) Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 39, 



part (Bahamas, part); Birds W. I., 1889, 53, part (do.). 

 Dendroica vigorsii Ridgway, Auk, viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco I., Bahamas, Apr. 1).— 



Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118, part (Abaco I.). 

 Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis Ridgway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69 (Abaco Island, 



Bahamas; coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



DENDROICA KIRTLANDII Baird. 

 KIRTLANB'S WARBLER. 



Adult male in spring. — Pileum, hindneck, sides of neck, and auricu- 

 lar region bluish slate-gray or dull plumbeous, the first usually more 

 or less streaked with black; anterior portion of forehead, lores, and 

 space between lower eyelid and malar region black, gradually blending 

 posteriorly into the gray of the auricular region; a white crescentic 

 spot or bar on lower eyelid, and a smaller, narrower mark of white on 

 upper eyelid ; back and scapulars brownish gray or hair brown , broadly 

 streaked with black; rump and upper tail-coverts slate-gray, narrowly 

 (sometimes obsoletely) streaked with black; wings and tail dusky with 

 pale brownish gray or grayish brown edgings, the middle and greater 

 wing-coverts margined terminally with paler brownish gray or grayish 



' Type now in the collection of E. A. and O. Bangs, Boston, Myiarchusssachusetts. 

 ^ One specimen, the only one seen. 




604 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



brown, sometimes approaching dull white; inner webs of two outer- 

 most rectrices with a terminal white spot, this about 18-22 long on the 

 lateral rectrix; malar region, chin, throat, and rest of under parts 

 pale lemon, canarj^, or primrose yellow, fading into white on under 

 tail-coverts; sides and flanks grayish, streaked with dusky, the pro- 

 nounced gray area on each side of breast separated from the yellow of 

 the median portion by a series of broad black streaks; chest usually 

 with a few small flecks of dusky, sometimes immaculate yellow; maxilla 

 blackish with pale brownish tomia; mandible horn brownish, darker 

 terminally, paler basally; iris brown; legs and feet dark horn brown- 

 ish; length (skins), 125-150 (134.6); wing, 70-72 (71.4); tail, 57-65 

 (58.8); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.9); tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.3); middle 

 toe, 12-13 (12.6).^ 



Adult female in spring. — Similar to the adult male, but duller in 

 color; the bluish slate-gray of pileum, hindneck, and rump replaced 

 with brownish gray; black streaks of back and scapulars rather nar- 

 rower; yellow of under parts averaging slightly paler, and chest more 

 frequently as well as more extensively speckled or flecked with dusky; 

 length (skins) 126-138 (132.1); wing, 64-71 (66.7); tail, 53-58 (56:4); 

 exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.9); tarsus, 21-22 (21.3); middle toe, 12-13 

 (12.3).' 



Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces, chiefly 

 west of the Alleghenies; very irregularly distributed and breeding 

 range unknown; has been taken in the following States: Ohio (Cleve- 

 land; Rockport; Hamilton County); Indiana (Wabash); Illinois (Win- 

 nebago and Cook counties); Myiarchusssouri (St. Louis County); Myiarchusnnesota 

 (Myiarchusnneapolis); Wisconsin (Racine); Myiarchuschigan (Ann Arbor; Straits of 

 Myiarchusckinac); Virginia (Fort Myer); South Carolina (Chester); also iu 

 Ontario (Toronto). Winters in the Bahamas (Watlings, Green Cay, 

 Berry, Abaco, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, North Caicos, East 

 Caicos, and Grand Caicos islands). 



Sylvicola kirtlandii Baied, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., v, 1852, 217, pi. 6 (Cleve- 

 land, Ohio; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Zuchold, Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 

 355.— Oassin, Illustr. Birds Oal., Tex., etc., 1855, 278, pi. 47. 



Bendroica kirtlandii Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 286; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 205; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 206 (at sea, bet. Abaco, Baha- 

 mas, and Cuba; 2 additional specs, from Cleveland, Ohio). — Whbaton, Ohio 

 Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 374 (Cleveland, Ohio; Racine, Wisconsin).— 

 Stone, Auk, xv, 1898, 331 (no valid record for Pennsylvania). 



Dendroica Idrtlandi Baied, Bebwbr, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 

 272, pi. 14, fig. 5. — American Oenithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 670.— Ridgway, Auk, viii, 1891, 337 (Watlings I., Bahamas, Myiarchusr. 4 to9), 

 338 (Green Cay, Bahamas, Apr. 12).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 38; viii, 1891, 

 295 (Berry Islands, Bahamas), 297 (Caicos Islands, Bahamas, Jan. or Feb.), 

 298 (Abaco I., Bahamas, Myiarchusr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 52; Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 118, 155 (Abaco, Berry Islands, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, Wat- 



' Five specimens. ^ Seven specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 605 



lings I., Green Cay, North Caicos, Grand Caicos, and East Caicos, Baha- 

 mas).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 254 (St. Louie, Myiarchusssouri, Myiarchusy 8) .— 

 Smith and Palmek, Auk, v, 1888, 148 (Fort Myer, Virginia, Sept. 25).— 

 "Washburn, Auk, vi, 1889, 280 (Ann Arbor, Myiarchuschigan, Myiarchusy 1). — Loomis, 

 Ank, viii, 1891, 171 (Chester Co., South Carolina, Oct. 11 ). — Guilford, Auk, 

 X, 1891, 86 (Myiarchusnneapolis, Myiarchusnnesota, Myiarchusy 13). — Nehrlino, Our Native Birds, 

 etc., i, 1893, 231.— Gault, Auk, xi, 1894, 258 (Glen Ellyn, n. e. Illinois, Myiarchusy 

 7).— Ulrey, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci. , 1895, 147 (Wabash, Indiana, Myiarchusy, 1895).— 

 Ulrey and Wallace, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1895, 157 (Wabash, Indiana, Myiarchusy 

 4, 1892).— Butler, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci.ri895, 168 (Wabash, Indiana, Myiarchusy7, 

 1895).— Chapman, Auk, xv, 1898, 289, pi. 4 (historical, etc.) ; xvi, 1899, 81 

 (Winnebago Co., Illinois, Myiarchusy 25, 1894). — Blackwelder, Auk, xvi, 1899, 

 359 (Morgan Park, Chicago, Illinois, Myiarchusy 21, 1899).— Bangs, Auk, xvii, 1900, 

 292 (New Providence I., Bahamas, Myiarchusr. 4 and Apr. 5). — Samuel, Auk, xvii, 

 1900, 891 (Toronto, Ontario, Myiarchusy 16, 1900). 



Dlendroica] Myiarchustlandi Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 514. 



Dendroeca kirtlandi Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 

 617 (monogr.). 



[Dendrceca^ lirtlandii CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 104. 



Dendrasca kirtlandi CouBS, Check List, 1873, no. 89; 2d ed., 1884, no. 131' Birds 

 Col. Val., 1878, 249; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 49 (Ann Arbor, Myiarchuschi- 

 gan, Myiarchusy 16; descr. adult female). — Langdon, Cat. Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 

 6 (Avondale, Hamilton Co., Ohio).— Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 118 (Androsl., Bahamas, Jan. 9; descr. adult female); Birds Bahamas I., 

 1880, 66.— PuRDiB, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 185 (Ann Arbor, Myiarchuschi- 

 gan, Myiarchusy 16; list of known specimens). — Wheaton, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 iv, 1879, 58 (Rockport, Cuyahoga Co. , Ohio, 2 or 3 specs., spring of 1878). — 

 Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 110.— Mehriam, Auk, ii, 1885, 376 

 (Straits of Myiarchusckinac, Myiarchuschigan, Myiarchusy 21, 1885).— Widmann, Auk, ii, 1885, 382 

 (near St. Louis, Myiarchusssouri, Myiarchusy 8, 1885). — Sharps, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 322. 



[Dendraca] kirtlandi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885. 8. 



D[endr<jeca] kirtlandi CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 306. 



[Mniotilta'] kirtlandii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no 3492. 



IMniotiltal kirtlandi Gibbel, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 603. 



DENDROICA PITYOPHILA PITYOPHILA (Gundlach). 

 CUBAN ■WARBLER. 



Adult in spring and summer. — Forehead and crown yellowish olive- 

 green, obsoletely streaked with darker; rest of upper parts, including 

 sides of head and neck, plain slate-gray, the lores and suborbital 

 region more dusky ; wings and tail dusky with light brownish gray 

 edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale brownish 

 gray, producing two indistinct bars across wing; inner webs of two 

 lateral rectrices with a large white terminal wedge-shaped spot; chin, 

 throat, median portion of chest, and part of malar region light lemon 

 or canary yellow; rest of under parts dull white medially, pale brown- 

 ish gray laterally, the flanks more tinged with brown; between the 

 yellow on lower throat and median portion of breast and the gray on 




606 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



sides of neck and chest a series of broad black streaks or spots, these 

 sometimes extending beyond the yellow over sides of breast, where 

 the gray on each side encroaches more upon the white of the median 

 portion; bill black; legs and feet dark horn brown; length (skins), 

 111.8-114.3(113); wing, 56-60.4 (68.9); tail, 48.2-50.3 (49.4); exposed 

 culmen, 10-10.4 (10.3); tarsus, 16-16.7 (16.4); middle toe, 10.6-11 

 (10.8).' 



Adult (?) male in winter ^ — Similar to the spring and summer plum- 

 age but general color of upper parts smoke gray, less strongly con- 

 trasted with olive-green of crown and forehead; sides and flanks more 

 strongly tinged with pale brown; black streaks along lateral margin of 

 yellow chest-patch less distinct, and bill light horn brownish instead 

 of black. 



Adtilt female in spring and summ^er. — Similar to the adult male of 

 corresponding season and not always distinguishable, but usually very 

 slightly duller in color, or with the black streaks along lateral margin 

 of yellow chest-patch smaller or less distinct; length (skins), 109.2-115.6 

 (111.8); wing, 55.9-57.7 (57); tail, 47.5-48.3 (48.5); exposed culmen, 

 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 16.3-16.8 (16.5); middle toe, 10.7-11.4 (11).' 



Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles (in pine woods). 



Sylmcola pityophila Gundlach, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1855, 160 (Cuba).— 



Bkbwbk, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307. 

 Rhimamphus piiyopMlus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1857, 240. 

 Dendroica pityophila Baikd, Eeview Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 208.— Coey, Auk, lii, 



1886, 38;' Birds W. I., 1889, 52; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 129. 

 D[endroica] pityophila Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 515. 

 Olendroica'] pityophila Baied, Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 



1874, 221. 

 Dendrceca pityophila Gundlach, Eepert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 234.^3oubs, 



Birds Col. Val., 1878, 296 (synonymy).— Coey, Birds W. I., 1889, 38 



(Cuba).— Shaepb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 322. 

 [Dendrceca] pityophila CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 297, in text.— 



Coey, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 

 Dendroeca pityophila Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 



612 (monogr.). 

 [MniotUta'] pityophila Geay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3499.— Gibbel, Thesaurus 



Orn., ii, 1875, 606. 



DENDROICA PITYOPHILA BAHAMENSIS Cory. 



BAHAHA WAKBLER. 



Adult male. — "Upper parts, including sides of the head and neck, 

 plumbeous gray, not light ash gray as in Dend/roica pilyyophila Gund- 

 lach. Forehead and crown greenish yellow, showing light yellow at 

 the base of the upper mandible; throat and upper breast yellow, bor- 

 dered on the breast by a few feathers marked unevenly with black. 



'Five specimens. ^ Possibly young male in first winter. 'Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOETH A.ND MIDDLE AMERICA. 607 



Belly dull white shading into gray on the sides and flanks. A faint 

 indication of wing bands, showing very faintly in some specimens. 

 Tail dark brown, the two outer feathers showing an arrow-shaped 

 white mark on the terminal portion of the innei- webs, variable in dif- 

 ferent specimens; most of the feathers of the wings and tail showing 

 very narrow grayish edging on the outer webs. Bill and feet dark 

 brown. Closely allied to Dendroica pityophila of Cuba. Length, 

 4.50; wing, 2.30; tail, 2.00; tarsus 0.60; bill, 0.45. 



"The female resembles the male, but the colors are slightly paler, 

 and it is pei-haps somewhat smaller. 

 '■^Rahitat. — Abaco and Great Bahama islands, Bahamas."^ 

 Dendroica pityophila bahamensis Cory, Auk, viii, Oct., 1891, 348 (Abaco I., Baha- 

 mas; coll. C. B. Cory), 350 (Great Bahama and Abaco islands); Cat. W. I. 

 Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 127, 155 (Abaco and Great Bahama islands). 



DENDROICA DISCOLOR (Vieillot). 

 PRAIRIE WARBLER, 



Adult mxile in spring and summer.— Above yellowish olive-green, 

 brightest on pileum and hindneck, slightly tinged or intermixed with 

 grayish on upper tail-coverts; interscapulars chestnut centrally, more or 

 less broadly margined or edged with olive-green ; wings and tail dusky, 

 with pale grayish olive edgings, the middle wing-coverts broadly 

 tipped with pale yellow or light olive-yellow, the outer webs of greater 

 coverts sometimes yellowish terminally;' inner webs of three outer- 

 most rectrices extensively white terminally, this occupying approxi- 

 mately one-half the web on lateral rectrix, successivelj' smaller on 

 the next two; superciliary stripe (broadest anteriorly), large subor- 

 bital crescentic spot, malar region and under parts clear gamboge or 

 lemon yellow, paler posteriorly (under tail-coverts primrose yellow); 

 a loral and short postocular streak, a broad curved streak or crescentic 

 patch immediately beneath the yellow suborbital spot, and a series of 

 broad black streaks beginning on sides of lower throat and continued 

 along sides to fl.anks, black; bill dark brown (the maxilla nearly black), 

 paler on tomia; iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown. 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but chestnut spots on back more or less concealed (often 

 quite so) by broader olive-green margins to the feathers. 



Admit female in spring and sumiixer. — Similar to the male and some- 

 times hardly distinguishable, but usually much duller in color, with 

 the chestnut spots on back indistinct (often obsolete); the black mark- 

 ings on sides of head replaced by dull grayish, and the black streaks 

 along sides less distinct, especially on flanks, where grayish, or obsolete; 

 ohve-green of upper parts sometimes partly replaced by grayish, and 

 yellow of lower parts by dull whitish. 



'Cory, Auk, viii, Oct., 1891, 348. 




608 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but plumage softer and colors more blended. 



Iiii mature male infiri^t autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult male 

 of corresponding season, but concealed chestnut spots on back smaller; 

 tips of middle wing-coverts duller pale yellowish olive; olive-green of 

 head more or less tinged with gray; black markings on sides of head 

 much less distinct; black streaks on sides and flanks narrower, and 

 mandible pale brownish (dull flesh color in life?), with darker tip. 



Immature female infird autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult 

 female of corresponding season, but duller clive-green above; pattern 

 of sides of head indistinct or obsolete, and streaks along sides and flanks 

 still less distinct, sometimes obsolete. 



Young female, first plumage. — Above plain hair brown or grayish 

 broccoli brown; remiges and rectrices dusky, with pale yellowish gray 

 edgings; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale buffy, pro- 

 ducing two narrow bars across wing; sides of head plain pale hair 

 brown, relieved by a small and narrow spot of duUyellowish white on 

 each eyelid; chin, throat, and chest pale hair brown; rest of under 

 parts dull yellowish white, or pale dull primrose yellow, the breast 

 narrowly streaked with hair brown. 



Adult wiaZe.— Length (skins), 105-117 (111); wing, 55.5-59 (57.6); 

 tail, 46-50 (17. 8) ; exposed culmen , 8. 8-10 (9. 4) ; tarsus, 17. 5-19. 5 (18. 3).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 100-111 (105); wing, 51-57 (541); 

 tail, 41-50 (44.3); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.2); tarsus, 17.5-19 (IS).'' 



^ Ten specimens, from Atlantic coast district of United States. 



^ Eight specimens, from Atlantic coast district of United States. 



The specimens measured from the Atlantic States compare in average measuremente 

 with those from the Myiarchusssissippi Valley and others from the Bahamas (the latter 

 evidently resident birds), as follows: 



Specimens from the islands of Abaco, New Providence, and Green Cay, and part 

 of those from Bum Cay, Bahamas, evidently represent resident birds, since they dif- 

 fer from all examples from the United States in decidedly larger bill and much 

 broader yellov/ superciliary stripe, the latter encroaching anteriorly on the sides of 

 the forehead. Specimens from other Bahama islands, including most of those exam- 

 ined from Rum Cay, are not distinguishable from United States examples, and with- 

 out much doubt are winter visitors from the latter country. Until more is known 

 of the Bahama resident birds, however, I do not venture to separate them sub- 

 speciflcally. 




BIRDS OF KOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 609 



Eastern United States, breeding north to Myiarchusssachusetts, southern 

 Ontario (Toronto), southern Myiarchuschigan, southern Wisconsin (?), etc., 

 south to Florida, Bahamas (islands of Abaco, New Providence, and 

 Green Cay'), and probably to the Gulf States in general; occurring 

 irregularly north to northern Myiarchuschigan (Myiarchusckinac Island); west to 

 edge of the Great Plains, in eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, etc. ; in 

 winter south nearly throughout West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Grand 

 Cayman, Cayman Brae, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Mona, Culebra, 

 St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; 

 St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, and Myiarchusrtinique, Lesser Antilles), island 

 of Cozumel, Yucatan (January), and Swan Island, Caribbean Sea (1 

 specimen, February 12); Bermudas (October). 



Sylvia dkcolor YiEiLLOT, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 37, pi. 98 (United States and 

 Greater Antilles); Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 181; Enc. M6th , ii, 

 1823, 445.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. ZooL, x, 1817, 716.— Bonaparte, Ann 

 Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 82.— Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, "294," i. e. 394.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 

 76, pi. 14.— Brewer, Journ. Boat. Soc. N. H., i, 1837, 436 (Myiarchusssachusetts) .— 

 Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 32, pi. 6, fig. 2. 



Sylvieola discolor Jahdine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., 1832, 375. — Richardson, Rep. 

 Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 

 23.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 62; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 68, pi. 97.— 

 GossE, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 159.— Jardine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 82 (Bermu- 

 das, aut. visit.) . — Hurdis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 7 (Bermudas, Oct.).— 

 Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin).— Pratten, Trans. 

 Ills. Agric. Soc, i, 1855, 602 (Illinois).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 

 1859, 110 (Bahamas, breeding); xi, 1867, 91 (Santo Domingo), 250 (Porto 

 Rico); Journ. fur Orn., 1866. 184 (do.).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 



[Sylvieola] discolor Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. 



M[niotilta] discolor Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



[MniotUta] discolor Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3486. 



Ehimamphus discolor Gundlach,, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 474 (Cuba). 



Dendroica discolor Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858. 290; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, 210; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 213, part (Jamaica; Porto Rico; St. 

 Thomas; St. Croix).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1872, 

 416 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat Cuba, i, 1865, 235; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 

 vii, 1878, 186 (Porto Rico).— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863, 

 293 (Jamaica) . — Baibd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 

 276, pi. 14, fig. 9.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (Myiarchusssa- 

 chusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, breeding). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan, winter) ; x, 1888, 576 (Swan 

 I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 155.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 39 

 (West Indian references) ; vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman and Cayman Brae) ; vii, 

 1890, 375 (Tortola and Virgin Gorda) ; viii, 1891, 47 (St. Eustatius), 48 (St. 

 Croix; St. Christopher) ; ix, 1892, 48, 49 (Myiarchusraguna and Watlingsl., Bahamas) ; 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 53; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Bir- 



'Perhaps also Rum Cay and other islands of the group. These resident Bahama 

 birds are recognizably difierent from birds breeding in the United States, as explained 

 on p. 608 (footnote), and may require subspecific separation. 



3654— VOL 2—01 39 




610 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



minis, Berry islands, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, 

 Exuma Keys, Concepcion, Watlings I., Bum Cay, Green Cay, Myiarchusraguna, 

 North Caicos, East Caicos, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba, Isle of Pines, 

 Jamaica, Haiti, Mona, Porto Rico, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and St. Croix, 

 Greater Antilles; St. Eustatius and St. Christopher, Lesser Antilles). — Ameri- 

 can Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 673. — Coues (E. B.), 

 Auk, V, 1888, 405^08 (Washington, District of Columbia; nesting habits, 

 etc.). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 255 (e. Kansas; e. Nebraska; 

 West Liberty, Iowa; Pierce City, Myiarchusssouri). — Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Tar- 

 pon Springs and Punta Rassa, Florida, breeding). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 

 570 (summer resid. in e. Kansas). — Nehkling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 

 1893, 236, pi. 13, fig. 2.— (?) White, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Myiarchusckinac!., Myiarchuschi- 

 gan, migr.). — Uleey and Wallace, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1895, 157 (Wabash, 

 Indiana, Myiarchusy 2). — Samuel, Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 (Toronto, Ontario, 

 Myiarchusy 11).— Ames, Auk, xviii, 1901, 106 (Toronto, Myiarchusy 11). 



D[endroica] discolor Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 516. 



Dendrosca discolor Newton (A. and E. ), Ibis, 1859, 144 (St. Croix). — Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 71 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 33 (do.).— 

 Albrecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 194 (Jamaica). — Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. 

 Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 125 (e. Kansas, common in Myiarchusy). — Coues, Check 

 List, 1873, no. 86; 2d ed., 1882, no. 127; Birds N. W., 1874, 63; Birds Col. 

 Val., 1878, 246.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 59 (descr. 

 young).— Gunn, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 186 (Ottawa Co., Myiarchuschigan, 

 1 spec, Myiarchusy 21).— Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 64; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti) Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 31.— Ridgway, Norn. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 114. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 

 i, 1881, 142 (at sea near Swan I., Caribbean Sea). — Ageesborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 

 278 (s. e. Dakota).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 307, 648.— Howe, 

 Contr. N. Am. Orn., ii, 1902, 20 (Uxbridge, Vermont, 1 spec., "Dec. 4, 

 1884"). . 



[Dendrceca] discolor Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 103. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



Dlendrceca] discolor Nelson, BuM. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100 (n. e. Illinois; breed- 

 ing?). — Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106. — Coues, Key N. 

 Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 305. 



Dendroeca discolor Sundevall, 6fv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 

 (Porto Rico), 615 (mouogr.). 



Sylma minuta Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 87, pi. 25, fig. 4.— Bonaparte, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 86. 



Phyllopnmste minuta Boib, Isis, 1828, 321. 



Sylvicolaminvia Denny, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 38 (Jamaica; Cuba). 



DENDROICA VITELLINA Cory. 

 VITELLINE ■WARBLER. 



Similar to D. discolor, but much larger; under tail-coverts j^ellow, 

 back never spotted with chestnut, and sides of breast without black or 

 dusky streaks. 



Ackilt male. — Above uniform yellowish olive-green; wings and tail 

 dusky with yellowish olive-green edgings (these more grayish on pri- 

 mary coverts and terminal portion of remiges), the middle wing-coverts 

 broadly tipped with canary yellow, the outer webs of greater coverts 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 611 



passing terminally into pale dull olive-yellow; inner webs of two outer- 

 most rectrices with a large terminal or subterminal spot of white; sides 

 of head, including a narrow superciliary stripe (becoming indistinct or 

 obsolete beyond eye), a large crescentic suborbital space, greater part 

 of auricular region, whole malar region, and entire under parts clear 

 lemon yellow, the sides and flanks very indistinctly streaked with olive- 

 greenish (these streaks more distinct on sides of breast) ; a postocular 

 andarictal streak of olive-greenish; max*lla brownish black, with paler 

 tomia; mandible horn, brownish, paler basally; legs and feet horn 

 brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 115-119 (117); wing, 55-59 

 (56.8); tail, 51; exposed culmen, 10.5-11.5 (11); tarsus, 19-21 (19.8).' 



Ackilt female. — Simiftar to the adult male and not always distinguish- 

 able, but usually (?) slightly duller in color; length, 105-115 (110.5); 

 wing, 53-56 (54.5); tail, 47-4:9 (47.4); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.2); 

 tarsus, 19-20 (19.5).' 



Young., first plumage. — Above plain light grayish brown, somewhat 

 darker on back; middle and greater wing coverts edged with lighter 

 brownish and indistinctly tipped with dull light buffy; remiges and 

 rectrices dusky, edged with light olive, these edgings on tertials broader 

 and paler; lower parts entirely dull whitish, faintly tinged with yel- 

 low posteriorly, strongly tinged with grayish brown on sides of breast. 

 (Described irom No. 111,258, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Swan Island, 

 Caribbean Sea, February 3, 1887; C. H. Townsend.) 



[Some apparently adult specimens, of both sexes, possibly younger 

 birds, are duller in color than those from which the above descriptions 

 of the adult male and ferriale are taken, while several which are other- 

 wise as bright colored have the olive-green of the upper parts, espe- 

 cially on the hindneck and part of the pileum, replaced by clear ash 

 gray, and the yellow of the throat by a much paler tint, almost yel- 

 lowish white. 



Having only one specimen, an adult female, from the island of 

 Grand Cayman (the type localitj^) for comparison with the Swan Island 

 series, I can not be sure that the birds of the two islands are really 

 identical.] 



Islands of Grand Cayman and Swan Island, Caribbean Sea. 



Oendroica mtellina Coky, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 497, 501 (Grand Cayman, Caribbean 

 Sea; coll. 0. B. Cory); iv, 1887, 181 (St. Andrews I., Caribbean Sea); v, 

 1888, 157 (Grand Cayman); vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman; Cayman Brae); 

 Birds W. I., 1889, 286; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 129, 155 (Grand 

 Cayman) .— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 574 (Grand Cayman) , 

 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea; descr. young). 



' Kve specimens, from Swan Island, Caribbean Sea. 



'Four specimens, from Swan Island, Caribbean Sea. A single female from Grand 

 Cayman (the type locality) measures: Length (skin), 112; wing, 52; tail, 45; exposed 

 culmen, 12; tarsus, 20. 




612 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



DENDROICA PALMARUM PALMARUM (Gmelin). 

 PAIM WARBLER. 



Wings dusky with light grayish brown or brownish gray edgings 

 but without any distinct bands; a yellow or whitish superciliary stripe 

 under parts with at least the under tail-coverts yellow; spring an 

 summer adults with a chestnut pileum. 



Adults {sexes alike^) in spring and summer. — Forehead and crowi 

 uniform bright chestnut, the former sometimes blackish anteriorly 

 where divided by a short and narrow median line of whitish or pal 

 yellowish; rest of upper parts grayish olive or hair brown, narrowh 

 and indistinctly streaked with darker, especially on back and soap 

 ulars; lower rump and upper tail-coverts light yellowish olive o: 

 olive-greenish, the larger coverts more brownish, with indistinct mesia 

 streaks of darker; wings and tails dusky with light grayish brown oi 

 brownish gray edgings, these most distinct on the terminal portion o: 

 middle and greater wing-coverts; inner web of two outermost rectricei 

 with a large terminal spot of white, the third sometimes with a smal 

 terminal spot of the same; a narrow superciliary stripe of pale yellow 

 a triangular spot of dusky at anterior angle of eye, and a similar bul 

 smaller postocular spot; auricular region grayish brown, sometime! 

 finelj'^ streaked anteriorly with dull brownish white; an indistinct sub 

 orbital space of dull brownish white; malar region dull whitish, some- 

 times tinged with yellow; chin, throat, chest, and under tail-coverti 

 canary yellow, the intervening under parts (breast and abdomen) dul] 

 whitish, usually more or less tinged with yellow; chest (at least lat- 

 erally) streaked with brown or chestnut, the sides and flanks less dis- 

 tinctly streaked; sometimes a series of brown or chestnut streaks 

 along each side of throat; bill brownish black with paler tomia; iris 

 brown; legs and feet dusky brown (in dried skins). 



Adults In winter. — Forehead and crown grayish brown, streaked 

 with dusky, sometimes with a slight admixture of chestnut, mostly con- 

 cealed ; superciliary stripe, chin, throat, and chest dull white instead 

 of yellow; otherwise like the spring and summer plumage, but back, 

 etc., rather browner, and with darker streaks less distinct (sometimes 

 obsolete), and streaks on chest, sides, etc., never (?) chestnut. 



Young in first autumn and uHntei\ — Similar to fall and winter adults, 

 but much browner (olive-brown) above, superciliary stripe less distinct, 

 and markings of under parts more suffused. 



Young in first plumage not seen. 



Adult male.— \j&\\gi\i (skins), 114.3-127 (122.4); wing, 62-67.1(64.5); 

 tail, 50.5-53.6 (52.6); exposed culmen, 9.1-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 19.6- 

 20.8 (20.1); middle toe, 11.9-12.9 (12.4).' 



' Myiarchusny adult females are absolutely indistinguishable in plumage from the bngnt- 

 est colored males; possibly, however, this sex may aver'ge a little duller in color. 

 ^ Nine snedmens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 613 



Adidt female.— Length (skins), ll-i.3-123.2 (117.6); wing, 59.9- 

 62.7 (60.7); tail, 47.7-51.6(49); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.2 (10); tarsus, 

 19-19.8 (19.6); middle toe, 11.4-12.7 (11.9).^ 



Eastern North America, chiefly west of the Alleghenies; breeding 

 in the interior of British America (Fort Resolution and Fort Simp- 

 son, province of Myiarchusckenzie); in winter, southern Florida, Bahamas, 

 Greater Antilles (Cuba, Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, Cayman 

 Brae, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico), Cozumel Island, Yucatan (Progreso) 

 and Swan Island, and island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea; occa- 

 sional, during migration, in Atlantic States (numerous records), and 

 at eastern base of Rocky Mountains (Denver, Colorado, one specimen, 

 June 20). 



[Motacilla] palmarum Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, pt. ii, 1788, 951 (Santo Domingo; 

 based on Le Blmbele ou fausse Linotie Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v. 330, and 

 Palm Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop., ii, pt. 2, 498). 

 MoiadUa palmarum Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 

 [Sylvia] palmarum Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 544. 



Sylvia palmarum Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 21, pi. 73; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., xi, 1817, 168; Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 431.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., 

 X, 1817, 607.— BoNAPAKTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 29 (Florida); 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 78; Am. Orn., ii, 1828, 12, pi. 10, fig. 2.— D'Oebigny, 

 in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 61, pi. 8. 

 Sylvicola palmarum Jabdine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 373.— Richardson, 

 Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837 )', 172.— Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. ,1857, 231 

 (Santo Domingo).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas, 

 winter; habits); xi, 1867, 91 (Santo Domingo).— Albrecht, Journ., fur Orn., 

 1861, 53 (Bahamas). 

 Mlniotilta'] palmarum Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [Mniotitta'] palmarum Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3477. 

 Dendroica palmarum Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 288, part (Ohio, 

 Illinois, Wisconsin, Red R. Settlement, and Florida) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 208, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 207, part (Fort Simpson; Fort 

 Resolution; Cuba).— Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1872, 

 415 (do.); Repert. Fi'sico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 234; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 

 vii, 1878, 183 (Porto Rico). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 273, part.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 

 (CozumelL, Yucatan); x, 1888, 575 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. Illinois, 

 i, 1889, 154. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 672. — 

 ■ , Allen,. Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i, 1886, 258 (Myiarchusssachusetts records; 4 

 specs).— Cory, Auk. iii, 1886, 39 (West Indian references); iv, 1887, 180 

 (Old Providence I., Caribbean Sea); vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman and Cay- 

 man Brae); ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 53; Cat. 

 W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry Islands., Eleu- 

 thera. New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Exuma Keys, Concepcion 

 Watlings I., Rum Cay, Fortune I., Green Cay, North Caicos, Grand Caicos, 

 East Caicos, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba; Isle of Pines; Grand Cay 

 man; Jamaica; Haiti; Porto Rico). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888 

 254 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley dates, etc.); Bull. 44, Colo. Agr. Coll., 1898, 168 (Den 

 ver, Colorado, 1 spec, June 20, 1891).— Dutcher, Auk., v, 1888, 182 (Fire I. 

 New York, Sept. 28, 1 spec.).— Dwight, Auk. v, 1888, 324 (Montauk Point, 



' Eight specimens. 




614 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Long Island, Sept. 7, 1 spec.)-— Thompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 

 620 (Myiarchusnitoba, migrant).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 211 

 (Progreso, Yucatan) .—Scott, Auk. vii, 1890, 20 (Panta Rassa and Key West, 

 Florida, winter; Tarpon Springs, Sept. 22, to April 18) , 314 (Garden Key, Tor- 

 tugas). — Myiarchusller, Auk, vii, 1890, 229 (Cape Cod, Myiarchusssachusetts, Sept. 23 and 

 24, 2 specs.).— Clarke, Auk, vii, 1890, 322 (Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay).— 

 Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 568 (whole State, during migrations). — Loomis, 

 Auk, viii, 1891, 171 (Chester Co., South Carolina, in migration). — Mobkis, 

 Auk, ii, 1894, 181 (Windsor, Connecticut, Sept. 4, 1 spec). — Obeeholsee,' 

 Auk, xii, 1895, 185 (Redbank, New Jersey, Sept. 18. )— Neheling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., i, 1896, 233, part.— Chapman, Auk, xiii, 1896, 348 (New 

 York City, 1 spec, Sept. 2).— Posson, Auk, xvi, 1899, 195 (Holly, Orleans 

 Co., New York, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 12). 



Diendrowa] palmarum Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 517. 



Dendreeca palmarum Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 71 (Jamaica). — 

 Albeecht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 193 (Jamaica). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 63 

 (interior British America). — MyiarchusIlweaith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 86 

 (Hamilton, Ontario). — Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 90, part; 2ded., 1882, no. 

 132; Birds N. W., 1874, 67, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 249, part.— Cory, Birds 

 Bahama I., 1880, 68; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Birds Haiti 

 and San Dom., 1885, 32.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 113.— 

 Spelman, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 54 (Brookline, Myiarchusssachusetts, 

 Oct., 1 spec). — Boucaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883,441 (Progreso, Yuca- 

 tan).— Fisher, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 249 (Sing Sing, New York, 

 Apr. 29, 1 spec).- Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x; 1885, 317, 650, part. 



bendratca palmarum Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 616, 

 part (monogr.). 



]_Dendrmca'\ palmarum Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 104, part.— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



D[endr(eca'\ palmarum Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— Coues, 

 Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 307. 



Bendroica palmarum. Subspecies palmarv.m Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 

 Nov., 1876, 84 (crit.). 



[Dendrmca palmarum.'] a. palmarum Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 249, part. 



Dlendroical palmarum YStT. palmarum Deanb, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 186 (Brookline, Myiarchusssachusetts, Oct.). 



Dendreeca palmarum palmarum Bicknell, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 182 

 (Riverdale, New York, spring; 2 specs.) — Lamb, Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc, ii, 

 1883, 55 (Belmont, Myiarchusssachusetts, Sept. 29; 2 specs.).— Chadbouene, Auk, 

 ii, 1885, 104 (Shelburne, New Hampshire, Sept. 16). 



Dendroica palmarum palmarum Palmer, Auk, ii, 1894, 333 (District of Columbia 

 and vicinity; "regular though rare migrant"). 



Dendreeca palmarum hypochrysea (not of Ridgway) Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 iv, 1879, 60 (Brookline, Myiarchusssachusetts, Oct.; error corrected on p. 186). 



Sylvicola petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnreus) Swainson and Kichakdson, 

 Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 215, pi. 41.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 58, part.— 

 Hoy, Proc Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 310 (Wisconsin); Ann. Rep. Smithson. 

 Inst, for 1864 (1865), 437 (Myiarchusssouri).— Bey ant, Proc Bost. Soc N. H., 1866, 

 67 (Bahamas). 



Sylvicola petechia Peatten, Trans. Ills. Agric Soc, i, 1855, 602 (Illinois). 



ISylvicola'] ruficapilla (not Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin) Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 

 i, 1850, 307. 



Rhimamphus ruflcapillus Gundlach, Journ. fur Orn., 1855, 473 (Cuba); 1861, 408 

 (do.). 




BIRDS OE* ITOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 615 



(?)Den*(Kca ignola Myiarchusynaed, Contributions to Science, i, Apr., 1889, 30, pi. 3, 

 fig. 1 (Homestead, St. Andi ews, Jamaica, Apr. 4, 1879 ; coll. Kingston, Jamaica^ 

 Myiarchusseum). 



{'i)Dendroica igwiaGoTiY, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 123 (crit). 



DENDROICA PALMARUM HYPOCHRYSEA Ridgway. 



YELLOW PALM WARBLER, 



Simjlar to D-p-pahnaruvi, but decidedly larger, and with the under 

 parts entirely yellow, even in winter and immature plumages; sides of 

 chest more often streaked with chestnut, the streaks broader; color of 

 back, etc. , more olive, often inclining to olive-green. 



Toung {first plumage).— Ahoy & grayish brown, the pileum streaked 

 with dusky, the back and scapulars with T-shaped markings of the 

 same; lower rump and upper tail-coverts russet; wings and tail as in 

 adults, but tertials passing into russet along edges, the middle and 

 greater wing-coverts with small terminal spots of pale russet or rusty 

 buff; under parts whitish, tinged with yellow, everywhere, except on 

 chin, abdomen and under tail-coverts (the latter entirely yellow) 

 heavily streaked with dusk3^ 



Adult male.— L&ngt\i (skins), 118.1-124.5 (122.2); wing, 64.3-70.6 

 (67.1); tail, 51.8-56.9 (54.6); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 

 19.3-20.6 (20.1); middle toe, 11.9-12.9 (12.4).' 



Adidt female.— Ijmgth. (skins), 114.3-119.4 (116.6); wing, 62-65.8 

 (64.1); tail, 51.3-53.1 (52.3); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 

 19.3-20.3 (19.6); middle toe, 11.9-12.4 (12.2).' 



Atlantic coast district of United States and British Provinces; breed- 

 ing from eastern Myiarchusine (vicinity of Calais), New Brunswick, and Nova 

 Scotia northward, probably to Newfoundland, southern Labrador, and 

 province of Quebec;'' in winter. North Carolina (?), South Carolina (?), 

 northern and western Florida (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, etc.). 

 Key West, Tortugas (Garden Key, Myiarchusrch), and along Gulf coast to 

 Louisiana; accidental in Cuba and Jamaica (Kingston, 1 specimen, 

 December 20, 1890) and in northern Ohio (Oberlin, 1 specimen, April 

 16, 1892). Occasional in Bermudas in winter? * 



Sylvia petechia (not MotaeUla petechia LinniEus) Vibillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 

 32, part (Pennsylvania).— Wilson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 19, pi. 28, fig. 4.— Bona- 

 PAETE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 198; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 

 83.— NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 364.— Audubon, Orn. 

 Biog., ii, 1834, 259, 360, pis. 163, 164.— Peabody, Rep. Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, 307.— 

 MyiarchusCuLLocH, ,Toum. Bost. Soc. N. H., iv, 1844, 406 (habits).— Thompson, 

 Nat. Hist. Vermont, 1853, 80. 

 Sylvicola petechia Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 58, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 

 55, pi. 90.— (?) Jaedinb, Contr. Orn., 1848, 82 (Bermudas, Dec. 17, 1847).— 



' Nine specimens. ' Eight specimens. 



'I can find no record of its breeding in Newfoundland, Labrador, or Quebec, but 

 the species has been recorded from the first and last mentioned. (See synonymy.) 

 * Possibly the Bermuda records pertain to D. p. palmarum. 




616 BULLETIN 60, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(?) HuBDis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 7 (Bermudas, Nov., Dec.).— Pctnam, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 207 (Myiarchusssachusetts).— Willis, Ann. Eep. Smilh- 

 son. Inst, for 1858 (1859) , 282 (Nova Scotia):— (?) Bland, Ann. Rep. Smith- 

 son. Inst, for 1859 (1860), 287 (Bermudas). 



Phyllopneuste petechia BoiE, Isis, 1828, 321. 



M[niotilia] petechia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196, part. - 



Sylvicola ruficapilla (not Motacilla mficapilla Gmelin) Bonapaete, Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 22. 



ISylmcola] ruficapilla BoitAP arte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 307. 



Bendroica palmarum (not Motacilla palmarum Gmelin) Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 288, part (Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and Washington, District 

 Columbia); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 208, part; Review Am. Birds, 

 1865, 211, part (Nova Scotia). — Barnard, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1860 

 (1861), 436 (Chester Co., Pennsylvania).— Codes and Prentiss, Ann. Rep. 

 Smithson. Inst, for 1861 (1862), 408 (District Columbia).— Boardman, Proc. 

 Boat. Sac. N. H., ix, 1862, 125 (Calais, Myiarchusine).— Veerill, Proc. Essex Inst.,, 

 iii, 1862, 147 (Oxford Co., Myiarchusine).— Allen, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 63 

 (Springfield, Myiarchusssachusetts).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1866, 284 

 (vie. New York City).— Turnbull, Birds E. Penn. and New Jers., 1869, 25 

 (Phila. ed., p. 18). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 

 1874, 273, part, pi. 14, fig. 8.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 

 439 (n. New England, breeding). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 

 233, part, pi. 13, fig. 3. 



Dendrceca palmarum Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 33 (Washington, District 

 Columbia; Pennsylvania). — Coues, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 274 (New 

 England); Birds N. W., 1874, 67, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 250, part.— 

 Myiarchusynard, Nat. Guide, 1870, 104 (Myiarchusssachusetts); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xiv, 1872, 308 (New Hampshire and Myiarchusine) ; Birds Florida, 1873, 52, part 

 (Myiarchusssachusetts, etc.). — Gentry, Life-Hist. Birds E. Penn., i, 1876, 132.— 

 Myiarchusnot, Birds New Engl., 1877, 122.— Meeriam, Trans. Conn. Ac. Sci., iv, 

 1877, 18 (Connecticut).— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 317, 650, 

 part (Pennsylvania; District Columbia; Myiarchusryland; Myiarchusssachusetts). 



Ci) Dendrceca palmarum Coues, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 109, part (South 

 Carolina in winter) ; Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxiii, 1871, 21 (Fort Myiarchuscon, 

 North Carolina, in winter). — Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 208, 

 part (e. Florida in winter). 



[Dendrceca'\ palmarum Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 104, part. 



Dendroeca palmarum Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 616, 

 part (monogr. ). 



[Dendrwca palmarum.1 Subspecies hypochrysea Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 i, Nov., 1876, 85, 87 (Cambridge, Myiarchusssachusetts; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Dendrceca palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, Nov., 1876, 

 85, in text; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 113a.— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club,v, 1880, 89.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 133.— Merriam, Auk, 

 ii, 1885, 315 (Godbout, prov. Quebec, Myiarchusy 21). 



Dlendrceca} plalmaruml hypochrysea f Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 

 307. 



[Dendroeca palmarwn] b. hypochrysea Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 250. 



{?) Dendroica palmarum hijpochrysea Tdrner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 

 237 (Moose Factory, Hudson Bay'). 



' Locahty wrong; in the museum catalogue the specimen, which apparently is no 

 longer in the U. S. National Myiarchusseum collection, is entered as having been taken 

 "five days from Montreal." 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



617 



Dendroiea palmarum hypochrysea American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 

 1886, no. 672a.— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 20 (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, 

 and Key West, Florida, rare in late Myiarchusr. and early Apr.), 314 (Garden Key, 

 Tortugas, Myiarchusr. 22 and 31, 2 specs.) ; x, 1893, 341 (Kingston, Jamaica, 1 spec, 

 Dec. 20, 1890).— Allen (F. H.), Auk, viii, 1891, 165 (Cape Breton, Nova 

 Scotia).— WiNTLE, Auk, viii, 1891, 396 (Montreal, Canada, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 7, 

 1891).— MyiarchusCoEMyiarchusCK, Auk, ix, 1892, 397 (Oberlin, Ohio, 1 spec, Apr. 16, 

 1892).— Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118, 155 (Cuba, Jan., Feb.).— Porter, 

 Auk, xvii, 1900, 72 (Newfoundland, abundant Sept. 8 and after). 



D[mdroica] palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 517. 



DENDROICA PLUMBEA Lawrence. 

 PLUMBEOTTS ■WARBLER. 



Admits {sexes rtfo'fe).— Above uniform slate color, relieved by a nar- 

 row superciliary line of white and two white wing-bars, produced by 

 tips of middle and greater coverts; inner webs of two or three outer- 

 most rectrices with a small terminal space of white, occupying on the 

 outermost not more than inner half of the web, on the others much 

 less;^ sides of head, sides of neck, and thence backward to and includ- 

 ing flanks plain slate-gray, the first relieved by a white suborbital spot; 

 median under parts grayish white, the feathers gray beneath surface; 

 maxilla dark brown, mandible much paler; legs and feet horn brownish 

 (in dried skins). 



Immature {ioth sexes). — With exactly the same pattern of coloration 

 as adults, but with the slate color of upper parts replaced by deep 

 olive, the slate-gray of sides, etc., by lighter, more greenish, olive, 

 and the white of head markings and median under parts by pale olive- 

 yellow. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 120-127 (124.5)'; wing, 58-66 (61.9); 

 tail, 50-59 (54.1); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 20-21 (20.3); middle 

 toe, 11-12 (11.3).' 



Adult female.— Wing, 66-61 (57.9); tail, 50-54 (51.4); exposed cul- 

 men, 11-12 (11.1); tarsus, 19-21 (20.6); middle toe, 10-12 (11.1).' 



Islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.^ 



' Four specimens. ^ Ten specimens. ^ Seven specimens. 



* Specimens from Guadeloupe have, as a rule, decidedly shorter wings and tail than 

 those from Dominica, but I am not able to discover any difference in coloration. 

 Average measurements are as follows: 




618 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Dendraca plumbea Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, Oct. 1, 1878, 47 (Dominica, 

 Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusa.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878-79, 55 

 (Dominica) , 454 (Guadeloupe), 486.— Shaepb, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 

 333, 651 (Dominica; Guadeloupe). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1889, 

 326 (Dominica). 



[Dendrceca] plumbea Coey, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



Dendroica plumbea Coky, Auk, iii, 1886, 40; viii, 1891, 49 (Guadeloupe); Birds 

 W. I., 1889, 54; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119. 



DENDROICA PHARETRA (Gosse). 

 STREAKED WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum and back streaked with black and white, 

 the black streaks much broader on the back, the white streaks slightly 

 tinged with olive; scapulars gray with broad mesial streaks of black; 

 hindneck light olive-graj^ narrowly streaked in black; rump and upper 

 tail-coverts plain grayish olive; wings dusky or dull black with light 

 olive-gray edgings (these broader and more olive on tertials), the middle 

 coverts and outer webs of greater coverts broadly margined on tip 

 with white, forming two narrow bands across wing; tail dusky, the 

 outer webs of rectrices broadly edged with olive, the inner webs of the 

 two or three outermost broadly edged terminally with white; under 

 parts white, the throat flecked or streaked, the chest, breast, upper 

 abdomen, sides, and flanks marked with triangular (cuneate or sagittate) 

 streaks of black; under tail-coverts pale brownish buflf, with a large 

 central (mostly concealed) sagittate spot of pale olive; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaxs immaculate white; maxilla black, with pale horn- 

 colored tomia; mandible grayish horn color (in dried skins); legs and 

 feet horn color (in dried skins). 



Immature {both sexes). — Above plain greenish olive, tinged with russet 

 on rump and upper tail-coverts; outer webs of rectrices russet-olive, 

 inner webs dusky, the two or three outermost narrowly edged with 

 whitish terminalljr; wings dusky with light greenish olive edgings 

 (these broader and more russet on tertials), the middle coverts and 

 outer webs of greater coverts margined terminally with pale olive- 

 yellow or yellowish white; under parts dull whitish, more or less 

 strongly tinged or washed with pale yellowish, the sides and flanks 

 strongly tinged with pale russet-olive; under tale-coverts yellowish 

 buff with a central (mostlj' concealed) sagittate spot of pale olive; under 

 wing-coverts and axillars white tinged with pale olive-yellow. 



Adult 7Tiale.—L,ength (skins), 106-116.8 (111); wing, 61.7-64(62.8); 

 tail, 49.3-52.3 (51.1); exposed culmen, 10.6-12 (11.3); tarsus, 18-19 

 (18.8); middle toe, 10.4-11 (10.6).' 



Adidt female.— Liength (skins), 113-116.8 (114.9); wing, 61-63.5 

 (62.2); tail, 53-53.3 (53.1); exposed culmen, 10.6-11 (10.8); tarsus, 

 18.3-19 (18.6); middle toe, 10." 



' Four specimens. ^ Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF ITOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 619 



Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 



SyMyiarchusola pharetra Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 163; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849 



pi. 38. — Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309. — Osbuhn, Zoologist, xvii, 1859, 



6660, in text (habits). 

 M[niotilta] pharetra Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 

 [Mniotilta'] pharetra Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3487. 

 Dendrceca pharetra Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1861, 71; Cat. Am. Birds, 



1862, 358.— Albkeoht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 193.— Coues, Birds Col. Val., 



1878, 296 (synonymy).— Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 332, 651. 

 IDendrceea'] pharetra Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. — Coues, 



Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 297, in text.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 

 Dlendrceca] pharetra Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106. 

 Dendroeca pharetra Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 617 



(monogr. ). 

 Dendroica pharetra Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 192. — Coey, Auk, iii, 1886, 



35; Birds W. I., 1889 49, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 130 (Jamaica). 

 D[endroica'] pharetra Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 



1874, 220. 



Genus CATHAROPEZA Sclater. 



Catharopeza^ Sclater,. Ibis, 4tli ser., iv, Jan., 1880, 40, footnote; 74, in text. 

 (Type, Leucopeza Imhopi Lawrence. ) 



Rather large terrestrial or semiterrestrial Mniotiltidse with the outer- 

 most (ninth) primary shorter than fifth; tail much less than two and a 

 half times as long as tarsus; color plain sooty blackish,^ with white 

 patch on lower throat, another on breast, and under tail-coverts white. 



Bill much shorter than head, shaped much as in Oporornis and spe- 

 cies of Dendroica. Rictal bristles distinct. ¥/ing moderate, rather 

 pointed (eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest, ninth slightly 

 shelter than fifth); wing- tip about as long as commissure. Tail about 

 equal to distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, rounded, 

 the rectrices narrow and with subacuminate tips. Tarsus nearly half as 

 long as tail, its scutella indistinct (almost fused on outer side) ; middle 

 toe with claw much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe 

 united for decidedly more than half its length to outer toe, separated 

 for most of its length from inner toe. 



Coloration. — Sooty blackish, or olive, with orbital ring, lower throat, 

 patch on breast, under tail-coverts, and small spot at tip of inner web 

 of lateral rectrices, white; sexes essentially alike. 



Nidification. — Unknown . 



^TOgre.— Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. (Monotypic.) 



This genus is very distinct from Zeifcojpesa, the form of the bill, feet, 

 wings, and tail being conspicuously different. It is nearly related to 

 Dendroica, from which it differs chiefly in the relatively shorter tail, and 

 perhaps should not be separated from that genus. 



1 "KaBapdi, clarus, et JteZa, pes." 

 '■' Olive, instead of blackish, in young. 




620 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CATHAROPEZA BISHOPI (Lawrence). 

 BISHOP'S WARBLER. 



Adult wiaZe. —Pileum, sides of head, hindneck, and rest of upper 

 parts black, becoming gradually less intense posteriorly, the rump, 

 tail, etc., being slate-black; a broad orbital ring of white; a supraloral 

 spot or streak of grayish white; malar apex, chin, and lower throat 

 white, or grayish white, the feathers slate color or slate-gray beneath 

 the surface; feathers on median line of upper throat tipped with white; 

 chest dusky slate or slate-blackish; sides and flanks brownish slate- 

 gray or mouse gray, separated from the darker broad chest-band by a 

 narrow band of white; median portion of breast and abdomen white, 

 the feathers slate-gray beneath the surface; under tail-coverts with 

 basal half slate-gray, terminal half white; under wing-coverts plain 

 slate-gray; inner webs of three outermost rectrices with a small ter- 

 minal triangular spot of white, largest on the exterior rectrix; bill 

 black; legs and feet pale yellowish brown (flesh color in life?); length 

 (skin), 137.2;^ wing, 70.1; tail, 53.8; exposed culmen, 13.2; tarsus, 23.1.^ 



Adult female. — Scarcely distinguishable from the adult male, but 

 upper parts of body, wings, and tail more sooty (nearly deep clove 

 brown), and terminal spots of under tail-coverts tinged with brownish 

 buff; length (skin), 148.6;" wing, 66.8; tail, 52.6; exposed culmen, 12.7; 

 tarsus, 22.6.' 



Immature {sexes alike). — Above plain deep olive, the remiges and 

 rectrices more dusky, inclining to clove brown; a lighter supraloral 

 spot; two lateral rectrices with small terminal white spots, as in 

 adults; an incomplete whitish orbital ring; sides of throat olive, the 

 median portion of throat mixed olive and whitish; lower throat dull 

 brownish buff or pale wood brownish; chest, sides, and flanks light 

 olive; median portion of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts dull 

 brownish buff or wood brown ; bill and feet as in adults. 



Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. 



Leucopeza bishopi Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, no. 5, June, 1878, 151 (St. 



Vincent, W. I.; coH. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Proc. V. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 189 



(notes, etc.), 486.— Shaepe, Cat. B. Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 228, 638.' 

 Catharopeza bishopi Sclatee, Ibis, 4th ser., iv, Jan., 1880, 73, pi. 1. — Lister, Ibis, 



1880, 40.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 41; Birds W. I., 1889, 55; Cat. W. I. Birds, 



1892, 18, 119, 134. 

 [Catharopeza] bishopi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



^ Length before skinning, 146; extent of wings, 215.9. (Ober. ) 



" One specimen. 



'Length before skinning, 139.7; extent of wings, 203.2. (Ober.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 621 



Genus OPORORNIS Baird. 



Oporomis Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 246. (Type, Sylvia agilis 

 Wilson. ) 



Medium-sized or ratiiei- small terrestrial Mniotiltidse with the tail 

 not more than two and a half times as long as tarsus, the inner webs 

 of the rectrices without white or yellow, and the under parts of the 

 body (sometimes throat also) yellow, the under parts without streaks. 



Bill much shorter thaft head, shaped quite as in Dend/roica, the sub- 

 terminal notch of maxillary tomium similarly developed. Nostrils as 

 \a. Dend/roica. Rictal bristles weak, sometimes almost obsolete. Wing 

 long, pointed (three to four outermost primaries abruptly longest, the 

 ninth equal to or longer than sixth, sometimes equal to seventh); wing- 

 tip shorter than tarsus (nearly as long in 0. agilis). Tail much short^er 

 than wing (shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of sec- 

 ondaries in 0. agilis and 0. formosa^ longer in 0. j}hiladelpliia and 

 0. tol/inwi), slightly rounded (more decidedly so in 0. Philadelphia 

 and 0. tolmiei), the rectrices narrowing terminally, with tips sub- 

 acuminate. Tarsus nearly one-third as long as wing (more than one- 

 third as long in 0. tolmiei), its scutella indistinct (obsolete or more or 

 less fused on outer side); middle toe, with claw, much shorter than 

 taisus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half (some- 

 times most of) its length to outer toe, for not more (usually less) than 

 half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Above plain olive-green, becoming more or less gray 

 on pileum and hindneck in adults, or else with black on forehead and 

 crown; beneath plain yellow with throat and chest gray or gray and 

 black, or if throat also yellow a black patch on sides of head. 



Nidification. — Terrestrial. 



Range. — Temperate North America, chiefly eastern; in winter south 

 through Mexico and Central America to Colombia. (Four species.) 



The two smaller species, 0. Philadelphia and O. tolmiei, hav3 usu- 

 ally been placed in Oeothlypis, but I am convinced that they are 

 decidedly more nearly related to the type species of Oporarnis {0. 

 agilis), their relationship to which is not only indicated by the close 

 similarity of their coloration, but also by their structure. It is true 

 they have relatively shorter wings and longer and more rounded tails 

 than 0. agilis; but nevertheless they have the same pointed wing, 

 with the outermost (ninth) primary even longer (almost, sometimes 

 quite, the longest), whereas all the species of Oeothlypis have the 

 ninth primary shorter than the fifth (often shorter than the fourth, 

 sometimes even shorter than the first), while in all the latter the wing- 

 tip is shorter than the exposed culmen, instead of much longer. 



0. formosa, besides differing conspicuously in the pattern of color- 

 ation of the head, neck, and chest, has the anterior toes more united 




622 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



basally, the basal phalanx of the middle toe being joined for most of 

 its length to the outer toe and for about half its length to the inner toe, 

 while in all the others the fusion extends for much less than the entire 

 length of the phalanx on the outer and for less than half its length 

 or the inner side. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF 0P0R0ENI8. 



u. Tail not longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, nearly 



even; outermost (ninth) primary not longer than sixth; bill more slender. 



b. Throat and chest yellow; top and sides of head wtth more or less of black, and 



with a yellow line extending from nostril to above, behind, and beneath eye, 



(Eastern United States; south in winter to Cuba and through Mexico and 



Central America to Colombia. ) Oporornis formosa (p. 622) 



bh. Throat and chest not yellow; top and sides of head without any black; no yel- 

 low on sides of head; a whitish orbital ring. (Eastern United States and 

 more southern British provinces; Bahamas and northern South America in 

 winter. ) ( Oporornis agilu. ) 

 c. Chin, throat, and chest gray, darker on chest. 



Oporornis agilis, adult male (p. 625} 

 cc. Chin and throat pale brownish or brownish white; chest deeper brownish. 

 Oporornis agilis, adult female and immature birds (p. 626) 

 aa. Tail longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, decidedly 

 rounded; outermost (ninth) primary longer than sixth; bill stouter. 

 b. Head and neck slate-gray, with more or less of black on throat and chest. 

 (Adult males. ) 

 c. No white on eyelids; more black on chest, but less on lores. (Eastern North 

 America; south in winter through Central America to Colombia. ) 



Oporornis philadelpMyiarchus, adult male (p. 628) 

 cc. A white mark on each eyelid; less black on chest, but more on lores. (West- 

 ern North America; south in winter through Mexico and Central America 



to Colombia. ) Oporornis tolmiei, adult male (p. 631) 



bb. Chin and throat pale gray, grayish white, or pale yellowish, without any black; 

 lores grayish. (Adult females and immature birds. ) 

 c. Chin and throat pale gray or grayish white. 

 d. No white on eyelids; tail averaging 46.7. 



Oporornis Philadelphia, adult female (p. 628) 

 dd. A white mark on each eyelid; tail averaging 52.1. 



Oporornis tolmiei, adult female (p. 631) 

 cc. Chin and throat pale yellowish. 



d. Tail shorter Oporornis Philadelphia, immature female (p. 628) 



dd. Tail longer Oporornis tolmiei, immature female (p. 631) 



OPORORNIS FORMOSA (Wilson). 

 KENTUCKY WAEBLER, 



Adult male {wJiole year^). — Pileum black, the feathers of crown and 

 occiput (especially the latter) tipped with slate-gray; rest of upper 

 parts, including .sides of neck, plain olive-green; outer web of outer- 



' I am unable to discover the slightest difference between midwinter (January) 

 specimens and those taken in summer, except that the plumage, being more recently 

 acquired, is softer, and the slate-gray tips to the feathers of crown and occiput are 

 rather broader, these being sometimes quite worn away in midsummer specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AKD MIDDLE AMERICA 623 



most primary white; a superciliary stripe of lemon yellow, extending 

 from nostrils to just behind the eye, where c'ur\'ing downward and 

 including the posterior half, or more, of lower eyelid; lores, subor- 

 bital region (except the yellow on under eyelid), and greater part of 

 auricular region uniform black, this black extended more or less along 

 edge of lower throat and forming a triangular patch; terminal portion 

 of auricular region olive-green; under parts clear lemon yellow, 

 changing on sides and flanks to olive-green; bill dark brownish, the 

 maxilla sometimes nearly black, the mandible paler basally on under 

 side; iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown or brown'sh 

 yellow in dried skins, pale flesh color in life; length (skins), 121.9- 



130.8 (126.7); wing, 65-74.7(70.1); tail, 49-52.3 (51); exposed culmen, 

 11.4-12.7(11.9); tarsus, 20.8-23.4 (22.3); middle toe, 13.2-14.7 (14).^ 



Aokdt female. — Similar to the adult male and not alwavs distin- 

 guishable, but usually with the gra_v tips to feathers of crown broader 

 (even those of the forehead being thus marked) and more brownish 

 gray, and the black patch on sides of head more restricted and less 

 sharply defined; in some (probably younger) specimens the black of 

 the pileum is entii'ely concealed, and still more rarely' there is no black, 

 the whole pileum being uniform brownish gray; length (skins), 116.8- 



123.9 (119.4); wing, 62.7-66.8 (65); tail, 45.5-49.S (47.2); exposed 

 culmen, 11.2-13 (11.7); tarsus, 20.6-22.9 (21.8); middle toe, 12.7-14.2 

 (13.5).^ 



Young, first plumage. — Above uniform light sepia brown; wings 

 and tail as in adults, but lesser and middle coverts brown, like back, 

 etc., and greater coverts tipped with light brown or strongly tinged 

 with that color; lores dusky; sides of head otherwise similar in color 

 to upper parts, but rather paler, fading gradually into pale buffy brown 

 or brownish buff on chin and throat, this gradually deepening into light 

 broccoli brown on chest, sides, and flanks; abdomen and under tail- 

 coverts pale buffy yellow. 



Eastern United States; breeding from Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas 

 (Harris, Montgomery, Navarro, and Bexar counties) north to southeast- 

 ern New York (Sing Sing), New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania (Chester 

 and Delaware counties), western Pennsylvania (Beaver County), Ohio, 

 southern Myiarchuschigan, southern Wisconsin, Iowa (Burlington), and east- 

 ern Nebraska (Omaha; Peru), west to border of Great Plains (Texas 

 to Nebraska); occurring north (but not breeding?) to southern Connec- 

 ticut (SufEeld; Lyme) and Long Island; south in winter to Cuba 

 (accidental), Florida Keys (occasional), and through southern Mexico 

 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; Guichicovi, Chiapas), and Central America 

 to northern Colombia (province of Santa Myiarchusrta). 



' Eight specimens. ^ Seven specimens. 




624 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Sylvia formosa Wilson, Am. Orn.,- iii, 1811, 85, pi. 25, fig. 3 (Kentucky).— 

 Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 683.— Vieillot, Enc. M6tli., ii, 1823, 

 450.— BoNAPAKTB, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197; Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 ii, 1826, 84.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 196, pi. 38.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 399. 



Sylvicola formosa Jaedine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 378. — Eichabdson, 

 Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bonapaktb, Geog. and Oomp. List, 

 1838, 23.— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin). 



Siylvicola] formosa Myiarchusxiuii,! Ail, Journ. fur Orn., 1858, 113 (lower Myiarchusssouri R). 



Mlniotilta] forriiosa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. 



Myiodioctes formosus Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 50; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 

 19, pi. 74. — Lembeyb, Aves de lalsla de Cuba, 1850, 37. — Gundlach, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). 



[Myiodioctes] formosa Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Myodioctes formosa Pratten, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc, 1855, 601. 



Syhania formosa Woodhousb, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. E., 1853, 70 

 (Indian Territory and Texas). 



Myiocionus formosus Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 472 (Cuba). 



Trichas {Sylvicola) formosa Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1864 (1865), 438 

 (Myiarchusssouri). 



Setophaga formosa Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 



Oporornis formosus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 247; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 175; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 218 (Choctum, Guatemala, 

 etc.).— Wheaton, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 363 (Ohio).— Barnard, 

 Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1860 (1861), 435 (Pennsylvania). — CouEsand 

 Prentiss, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1861 (1862), 406 (District of Colum- 

 bia, breeding). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 468 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama R. R.); viii, 1866, 284 (vicinity of New York City); ix, 1868, 94 

 (Dota, Costa Bica); Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Guichicovi, 

 Chiapas). — Sclatbr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 28 (Pennsylvania). — Drbssbr, 

 Ibis, 1865, 477 (Texas).— Gundlach, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236; 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1872, 417; Orn. Cuba, 1873, 68.— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa Fe, Veragua). — Coues, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 

 1868, 110 (South Carolina) ; Check List, 1873, no. 96; Birds N. W., 1874, 73.— 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (Costa Rica).— Tuenbull, Birds E. 

 Penn. and N. J., 1869, 23 (Phila. ed., p. 16).— Scott, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 XV, 1872, 222 (West Virginia, breeding).— Allen, Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 265 

 (Leavenworth, e. Kansas) ; Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 125, 175 (do. ).— 

 Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4.— Baird, Breavee, and Ridqway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 293.— Bhbwstee, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi., 1875, 137 (Ritchie Co., 

 West Virginia; habits; song). — Fishee (A. K.), Am. Nat., x, 1875, 573 

 (Sing Sing, s. e. New York, breeding); BulL Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 191 

 (do.).— Gentry, Life Hist. Birds, i, 1876, 149.— Merriam, Trans. Conn. Ac. 

 Sci., iv, 1877, 22 (Suffield, Connecticut, 1 spec., Aug. 16, 1876; Lyme, Con- 

 necticut, 1 spec., date not recorded). — Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 

 1875, 451 (no valid New England record) ; xix, 1878, 303 (SufiBeld and Lyme, 

 Connecticut).— BicKNELL, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 130 (Eiverdale, 

 s. e. New York, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 30; Fort Lee, New Jersey, breeding) .—BBOWif 

 (N. C), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 174 (Coosada, Alabama, Apr.). 



lOporornis'] formosus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107.— Sclatbr and Salvin, 

 Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



Oporornis formosas Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 

 pi. 15, fig. 3. 



Olporornis'] formosus Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 101 (n. e. Illinois, rare 

 summer resid.). 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 625 



Oporomis /ormosa ScLATER and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.)-— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1862, 19 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1867, 136 (Chiriqui; Santa F6, Veragua) .— Coues, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 

 269 (occurrence in s. New England probable); Birds Col. VaL, 1878, 309, 

 footnote (synonymy); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 140.— Ridgway, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (descr. young); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 119.— Langdon, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 236 (Hamilton Co., Ohio, 

 breeding; descr. nest and eggs) . — Rhoads, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 234 (Chester and Delaware counties, Pennsylvania, breeding). — Oqilby, Sci. 

 Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soc, iii, 1882, (21) (Navarro Co., Texas, breeding).— 

 Salvin and Goodman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 148 (Duenas, Calderas, 

 Cohan, and Choctum, Guatemala; Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; etc.). — Nehr- 

 LiNG, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 10 (Harris and Montgomery counties, 

 e. e. Texas, breeding).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 348, 653.— 

 Hancock, Auk, v, 1888, 210 (near Grand Crossing and Piano, n. e. Illinois, 

 Myiarchusy 23).— Chbrrie, Auk, ix, 1892, 21 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, 1 spec, Oct. 7) ; 

 Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 14 (Boruca, Costa Rica, Oct. 7).— 

 Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 62 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Feb. 

 22 to Myiarchusr. 3). 



0[porornii'] fm^mosa Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 310. 



S[durus] formosus Ridgway, Ann. Lye N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 369 (Illinois). 



Geothlypis formosa 'RjBGvr AY , Proc. U. S.Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1888, 354; Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 166.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 43 (Cuban records); Birds AV. I., 

 1889, 57; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 (Cuba).- American Ornithologists' 

 Union, Check List, 1886, no. 677.— Butler, Bull. Brookv. Soc. N. H., no. 2, 

 1886, 36 (Franklin Co., Indiana, summer resid. ) ; Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci. for 1891, 

 166 (Gibson Station, n. w. Indiana, Myiarchusy, several). — Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 257 (Gainesville and Bonham, Texas; Myiarchusnhattan, Kansas; 

 Burlington, Iowa, etc.). — Butcher, Auk, v, 1888, 139 (Raynor South, Long 

 Island, Myiarchusy 18; Fire I. Light, Aug. 19) ; x, 1893, 277 (Flatlands, Long Island, 

 Ispec). — Chapman, Auk, vi, 1889, 304 (Englewood, New Jersey, breed- 

 ing). — Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, 1 spec, Apr. 6), 

 314 (Garden Key, Tortugas, 1 spec. Myiarchusr. 29). — Ciierrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 

 336 (San Jos^, Costa Rica). — Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 578 (e. Kansas, 

 summer resid.). — Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 398 (Beaver Co., Pennsylvania, 

 breeding). — Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding). — 

 Richmond, Proc IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 

 after Sept. 22).— Nbhrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 248, pi. 14, fig. 

 3.— Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 144 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia) .— 

 Allen, Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (Bonda, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Oct. 7 to 

 Nov. 24); Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (do.).— Beyer, Proc Louis. 

 Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 114 (Louisiana, breeding) .— Bruner, Proc Nebr. 

 Orn. Un., 2d ann. meet., 1901, 57 (Omaha and Peru, Nebraska, breeding). 



G[eothlypis] formosa Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 520. 



Sylvia lequinoctialis (not Motadlla xguinoctialis Gmelin) Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., 

 ii, 1807, 26, pi. 81 (Pennsylvania). 



OPORORNIS AGILIS (Wilson). 

 CONNEOTICUT ■WABBIER. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Forehead, crown, and sides of 

 head uniform slate color, relieved by a conspicuous and uninterrupted 

 orbital ring of white; chin, throat, and chest plain slate-gray, paler (.n 

 3654— VOL 2—01 40 




626 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



chin and upper throat, deeper (sometimes almost slate color) on chest 

 rest of under parts pale yellow (intermediate between canary yello\i 

 and straw yellow, the sides and flanks light olive-green; upper parts 

 (except forehead and crown) plain olive-green, the outer web of outer 

 most primary edged with whitish; maxilla dark brownish, with palei 

 tomia; mandible pale brownish (in dried skins), darker terminally; iris 

 brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown in dried skins (pale flesh 

 color in life?). 



Adult m,al6 in autumn arid winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but gray of forehead and crown tinged with brown, and 

 feathers of throat and chest indistinctly tipped with paler gray. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Similar to the adult male, but 

 slate color of head replaced by grayish olive, olive, or brownish olive, 

 that of chin and throat by pale brownish bufl:y or dull brownish white, 

 that of chest by a deeper shade of the same color as chin and throat. 



Young male in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult female, 

 but with color of pileum browner than in most examples of that sex 

 (brownish olive) and color of chest darker, more olivaceous. 



YcniThg female in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the young 

 male of corresponding season, but smaller and with the throat and 

 chest more strongly tinged with brownish buffy. 



Adult mafo.— Length (skins), 127-137.7 (133.1); wing, 70.9-75.4 

 (73.1); tail, 46.7-52.8 (49.8); exposed culmen, 11.4-12.4 (11.9); tarsus, 

 20.6-23.1 (21.3); middle toe, 13.2-14.7 (14.2).^ 



Adult female.— L&n^h (skins), 121.9-147.3 (134.4); wing, 67.3-71.9 

 (69.3); tail, 46.7-49.3 (48); exposed culmen, 11.7-11.9 (11.8); tarsus, 

 19-21.8 (20.8); middle toe, 13.5-14 (13.9).' 



Eastern United States and British Provinces; north to Myiarchusine (Saco), 

 New Hampshire (Shelburne), Vermont (Pittsford), Ontario, Myiarchuschigan, 

 and Myiarchusnitoba; west to Myiarchusnnesota and (casually) Colorado (Lincoln 

 County, Myiarchusy 24); breeding in Ontario (?), Myiarchusnnesota (Aitkin County)?, 

 and Myiarchusnitoba (Duck Mountain); in winter, south to Bahamas (Cay Sal, 

 Myiarchusy 7), Colombia (Bonda, province of Santa Myiarchusrta, October 22), and 

 upper Amazon Valley (Tonantins, April 9). (No other extralimital 

 records ?) 



Sylvia agUis Wilson, Am. Orn., v, 1812, 64, pi. 39, flg. 4 (Connecticut; Pennsyl- 

 vania near Philadelphia). — Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817,732 — 

 Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 448.— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 iv, 1824, 199; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 84.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 

 ^227, pi. 138. 



Silvia agilis Cabot, Proc. Bost. Soo. N. H., ii, 1845, 63 (Brookline, Myiarchussaachu- 

 setts.) 



Tnchas agilis Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. V. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 463.— Hoy, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin).— Read, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 399 (Ohio) .— Kennicott, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc, i, 1855, 

 583 (Illinois). 



' Seven specimens. ^ Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF WORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 627 



Sylmcola agilis Jaedine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 159. — Richardson, Rep. 

 Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 63; Birds Am., 

 oct. ed., ii, 1841, 71, pi. 99.— Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 226 (Myiarchusssa- 

 chusetts). 



Oporomis agilis Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 246; ed. 1860 (Birds 

 N. Am.), pi. 79, fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 174; Review Am. Birds, 

 1865, 218.— Wheaton, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 363 (Ohio).— 

 Baenaed, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1860 (1861), 485 (Pennsylvania). — 

 Coues and Peentiss, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1861 (1862) , 406 (District 

 of Columbia). — Allen, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 82 (Myiarchusssachusetts); Am. 

 Nat., iii, 1869, 574 (Newton and Newton Center, Myiarchusssachusetts, Sept.). — 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1866, 283 (vicinity of New York City). — 

 Coues, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 269 (Lynn, Myiarchusssachusetts, Sept.); Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 110 (South Carolina); Check List, 1873, no. 95; 

 2ded., 1882, 139; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 308, footnote.— Turnbi-ll, Birds E. 

 Penn. and N. J., 1869, 23 (Phila. ed., p. 16).— Beewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., XV, 1872, 3 (near Cambridge, Myiarchusssachusetts, Sept. 7 to Oct. 5); xvii, 

 1875, 440 (New England).— Purdie, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 693 (Saybrook, 

 Connecticut, Sept.). — Baied, Bebwee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 

 1874, 290, pi. 15, figs. 1, 2.— Ames, Bull. Myiarchusnn. Ac. Sci., i, 1874, 55 (Myiarchusnne- 

 sota). — Nelson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 42 (n. e. Illinois, spring and 

 autumn). — Gentry, Life Hist. Birds, i, 1876, 147. — Myiarchusnot, Birds New Engl., 

 1877, 88. — Langdon, Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 6 (near Cincinnati, Ohio, 

 spring). — Meeriam, Trans. Conn. Ac. Sci., iv, 1877, 21 (New Haven, Con- 

 necticut, Oct. 2).— Fisher (A. K.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 61 (Sing 

 Sing, New York, Sept. ).— Gunn, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 186 (Ingham 

 Co., and Ottawa, Myiarchuschigan, Myiarchusy). — Collins, Auk, v, 1880, 50 (near Phila- 

 delphia, Pennsylvania, fall; habits). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 118.-— Seton, Auk, i, 1884, 192 (Carberry, Myiarchusnitoba, breeding; descr. 

 nest and eggs). — Chadbouene, Auk, ii, 1885, 104 (Shelburne, New Hamp- 

 shire, Sept. 14).— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 347, 653 (St. Louis 

 Co., Myiarchusssouri, etc.). — Goodale, Auk, iv, 1887, 77 (Saco, Myiarchusine, Sept. 8, 15, 

 3 specs). — Berlbpsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1889, 2 (Tonantins, upper Amazon, 

 Apr. 9). 



[Oporomis] agilis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106. 



■O[poromis'] agilis Nelson, Bull. Essex Insti, viii, 1876, 100 (n. e. Illinois, Myiarchusy 

 15-27, Sept. 1 to Oct. 1).— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. 



OeoMypis agilis Gregg, Proc. Elmira Ac. Sci., 1870 (reprint, p. 7). — Ambeican 

 Oenithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 678. — Dutcher, Auk, v, 1888, 

 187 (South Anclote Key, Florida, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 24).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. 

 Val., 1888, 258.— Hitchcock, Auk, vi, 1889, 193 (near Pittsford, Vermont, 

 Sept. 20) .—Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 164.— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 621 (Myiarchusnitoba, breeding).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Anclote 

 Keys, Florida, Myiarchusy 24, 1 spec.).— Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 352 (Cay Sal, Baha- 

 mas, Myiarchusy 7); Oat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 156 (Cay Sal).— Woodruff, Auk, ix, 

 1892, 202 (Litchfield, Connecticut, Sept. 18 to Oct. 5).— Neheling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 250.— Gault, Auk, xiv, 1897, 222 (Aitkin Co., 

 Myiarchusnnesota; breeding ?).—Rhoads, Auk, xvi, 1899, 313 (Allegheny Co., 

 Pennsylvania, Myiarchusy 24, June 4).— Aiken, Auk, xvii, 1900, 298 (Lincoln 

 Co., Colorado, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 24, 1899) .—Allen, Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (Bonda, 

 prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Oct. 22) ; Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 

 177 (do.).— WoETHiNGTON, Auk, xix, 1902, 89 (Shelter I., New York, Sept. 

 12,18). 



S[eiurus] agilis Ridgway, Ann. Lye N. Y., x, Jafi., 1874, 369 (Illinois). 




628 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Gleothlypis'] agilis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 521. 



(?) Trichas tephrocotis Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. XJ. S. and Can., 2d ed., 1840, 462 



(Chester Co., Pennsylvania). 

 (?) Geothlypis tephrocotis Baknakd, Ann. Rep. Smithaon. Inst, for 1860 (1861), 435 



(Chester Co., Pennsylvania). 

 (?) Oporornis varius Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 61 (Myiarchusckenzie R.). 



OPORORNIS PHILADELPHIA (Wilson). 

 UOURITENG WARBLER. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Head and neck plain slate-gray 

 deepening into slate color on pileutn and hindneok, and into almost 

 black on lores; chin, throat, and chest black, the feathers with more 

 or less distinct terminal margins of slate-graj'', these sometimes so broad 

 anteriorly and laterally that the black is mainly concealed, except on 

 chest; rest of under parts clear canary yellow, changing to olive-green 

 on sides and Hanks; upper parts, except pileinn and hindneck, uniform 

 olive-green, the outermost primary edged with whitish ; maxilla brown 

 ish black with paler tomia; mandible pale brown or horn color (m 

 dried skins); iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown in dried 

 skins (pale flesh color in life?). 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but (always ?) with gray tips to feathers of throat and 

 chest broader, the black appearing only as a broken patch on the chest. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Similar to the adult male, but 

 without any black on chin, throat, or chest, which are smoke gray, 

 much paler (sometimes brownish white) on chin and part of throat; 

 slate color of pileum and hindneck duller, tinged more or less witb 

 olive; yellow of under parts slightly paler. 



Young female in first autumn.— SimQ&r to the adult female, but with- 

 out any gray on head, neck, or chest; pileum and hindneck olive-brown- 

 ish; sides of head and neck similar but paler, the eyelids dull pale 

 yellow; an indistinct supraloral streak of yellowish; chin, throat, and 

 chest yellowish (duller or paler than under parts of body), tinged 

 laterally with olive or grayish. 



Young female, first plumage. — ' ' Remiges, rectrices, etc. , as in adult, 

 Rest of upper parts, with wing-coverts and sides of head, dull reddish- 

 brown, becoming almost cinnamon on the back, and tinged strongly 

 with ashy on the pileum. Entire under parts light reddish-brown, 

 most pronounced on the abdominal and anal regions, becoming lighter 

 on the throat, and darker, with a strong olive suffusion, on the breast 

 and sides. No appreciable maxillary or supraorbital stripes. From 

 a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Myiarchusine, August 11, 1876. 

 This bird was very young; in fact, barely able to fly. A slight doubt 

 exists in my mind as to its identity, for 1 did not actually see the parent 

 birds feed it, though both were in the immediate vicinity and exhibited 

 much solicitude. This spetimen is separable from the corresponding 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 629 



stage of G. trichas by the ashy cast of the pileum and the absence 

 of brownish on the sides."' 



Adult male.— lieagth (skins), 118.1-125 (121); wing, 58.4-66 (61.5); 

 tail, 46. 2-52. 3 (49); exposed culmen, 10.7-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 20.3-21 8 

 (20.8); middle toe, 12.7-14 (13.7).' 



Adult female.— Length, (skins), 111.5-133.8 (120.9); wing, 54.6-61.7 

 (58.9); tail, 42.7-49.8 (46.7); exposed culmen, 10.4-11.9 (11.2); tarsus, 

 20.6-21.3 (20.8); middle toe, 12.4^13.2 (12.7).= 



Eastern United States and British Provinces; breeding from moun- 

 tains of West Virginia (spruce belt) and Pennsylvania (Westmoreland 

 County), New York (Delaware, Greene, Oneida, Niagara, and Ontario 

 counties), higher districts of New England, Myiarchuschigan, eastern 

 Nebraska (?), and Myiarchusnnesota (Carlton and St. Louis counties), north- 

 ward at least to northwestern Ontario (Parry Sound and Myiarchusskoka) and 

 Myiarchusnitoba (Winnipeg, Selkirk Settlement, Carberry, Duck Mountain, 

 Waterhen River, Swan Lake, etc.);* during migration southward 

 through eastern United States in general (as far west as central Texas), 

 and in winter south to Nicaragua (Greytown), Costa Rica, Chiriqui, 

 Colombia (numerous records), and Ecuador (Myiarchuspoto; Myiarchuschay); no West 

 Indian nor valid Mexican record. Accidental in southern Greenland 

 (two records). 



Sylvia Philadelphia Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 101, pi. 14, fig. 6 (near Philadel- 

 phia, Pennsylvania, June).— Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 449.— Bona- 

 parte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 189; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 

 85.— NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 404.— Addubon, Orn. Biog., 

 V, 1839, 78. 



Triehas Philadelphia Jaedine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 249.— Richaedson, 

 Rep. Brit Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bonapaete, Geog. and Comp. List, 

 1838, 20, part (includes Oporomis agilis). — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 64; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 76, pi. 101.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 459.— Cabot, Naumannia, ii, Heft, iii, 1852, 66 (Lake 

 Superior).— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin).— 

 Eeinhaedt, Ved. Med. for 1853, 1854, 73 (Greenland); Ibis, 1861, 6 (Fisk- 

 enaesset, Greenland, 1846; Julianshaab, Greenland, 1853; 2 specs). 



T[richas] Philadelphia Geay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. 



[Trichas'] Philadelphia Bo-SAP A^-iE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310.— Gray, Hand-list, i, 

 1869, 242, no. 3509. 



Triehas philadelphica Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 

 (Nova Scotia).— Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1864 (1865), 438 

 (Myiarchusssouri). 



Geothlypi^ Philadelphia Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 243; ed. 1860 

 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 79, fig. 3; Gat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 172; 

 Eeview Am. Birds, 1865, 226.— Lawbence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 

 (Panama E. R.) ; ix, 1868, 94 (Angostura and Dota, Costa Rica). — Deesser, 



'Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 61. 

 ^ Eight specimens. ' Four specimens. 



The breeding range of this species is very imperfectly known, both as to its north- 

 ern and southern limits. 




630 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Ibis, 1865, 476 (San Antonio, Texas) .—MyiarchusIlwkaith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 

 1866, 85 (Hamilton, Ontario).— Butcher, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 

 149 (Laredo, Texas, Sept.).— Fkantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (San 

 Jose, Costa Rica).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 322 (Ocaiia, Myiarchusgdalena Valley, 

 Colombia).— Myiarchus YNAED, Proc. Post. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1872, 362 (New Hamp- 

 shire; Myiarchusine).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 126 (e. Kansas); 

 Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (Chirua and La Concepcion, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colom- 

 bia, Feb. 12 to Myiarchusr. 25).— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr.).— Coues, Clieck 

 List, 1873, no. 98; 2d ed., 1882, no. 142; Birds N. W., 1874, 75, part; Birds 

 Col. Val., 1878, 313, footnote (synonymy).— Snow, Birds Kansaa, 1873,4 

 (Topeka, e. Kansas, 1 spec.).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 301, pi. 15, iigs. 6, 9.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 

 1875, 440 (n. New England, breeding). — Newton, Myiarchusn. Nat. Hist. Green- 

 land, 1875, 98 (Fiskensesset, 1846; Julianshaab, 1853).— Brewster, Bull.Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 61 (descr. young).— Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 

 1878,-69 (remarks on plumage).— Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 

 124 (Fort Brown, Texas, Sept. 7). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1879, 494 (Cauca Valley, Colombia). — Rathbun, Rev. List Birds 

 Centr. New York, 1879, 13 (rare summer resid.). — Hatch, Rep. Geol. and 

 Nat. Hist. Surv. Myiarchusnnesota for 1879 (1880), 158 (breeding in Carlton and 

 St. Louis counties; habits, song, etc.). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 120; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 169. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., 

 Aves, i, 1881, 154.— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 366 (Chiriqui; 

 Bogota, Medellin, and Antioquia, Colombia, etc.). — ^Taczanowski and Ber- 

 LEPscH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 74 (Myiarchuspoto, Ecuador, Jan.). — Aqees- 

 BORG, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota). — American Oenitholosists' 

 Union, Check List, 1886, no. 679.— Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 1886, 

 141 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).— Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Concho 

 Co., Texas, fall migrant).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 258 (w. 

 Myiarchusnitoba; breeding in Myiarchusnnesota, e. Nebraska, and n. Illinois). — Thompson, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 622 (Myiarchusnitoba, summer resid.; localities; 

 habits; song). — Batcheldbe, Auk, vii, 1890, 295 (Overlook Mt., Catskills, 

 breeding). — Cherrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, Sept. 1 to 

 Apr. 27); ix, 1892, 22 (do.).— Davison, Auk, viii, 1891, 396 (Niagara Co., 

 New York, breeding). — Bowdish, Auk, viii, 1891, 396 (Ontario Co., New 

 York, breeding). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 579 (migrant).— Attwatee, 

 Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, rare migrant). — Neheling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 251, pi. 13, fig. 7.— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484 (Greytown, Nicaragua, 1 spec, Feb. 4). — Howell, Auk, 

 xvi, 1899, 85 (near Brooklyn, Long Island, 1 spec, June, 1862).— Eivbs, 

 Auk, XV, 1898, 136 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt).— Rhoads, Auk, 

 xvi, 1899, 313 (Westmoreland Co., w. Pennsylvania, breeding).— Bangs, 

 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiii, 1899, 105 (Chirua and La Concepcion, prov. 

 Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Feb., Myiarchusr.) ; Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 

 61 (Boguete, Chiriqui, Myiarchusr. 17 to Apr. 7) .—Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 44 

 (Parry Sound and Myiarchusskoka, n. w. Ontario, summer resid.). 



[Geothlypis'] Philadelphia Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107.— Sclatek and 

 Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



Gleothlypis] Philadelphia Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 311.— Taczan- 

 owsKi and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 68 (Myiarchuschay and Myiarchuspoto, 

 Ecuador) .—Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 521. 



[Geothlypis Philadelphia'] a. Philadelphia Ridgway-, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 

 1872, 459. 



GeotMypis Philadelphia war. Philadelphia Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 

 459. 




BIKDS OP NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 631 



[Oeolhlypis Philadelphia] var. Philadelphia Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 



N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297. 

 [QeoMypis Philadelphia] a. Philadelphia Cov^s, Birds N.W., 1874, 75 (synonymy). 

 S[durus] Philadelphia Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 369 (Illinois). 

 Opm-omis agilis (not Sylvia agilis Wilsoji) Woolsey, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 



1880, 117 (New Haven, Connecticut, Myiarchusy 12; see Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 



Club, vi, 1881, 114).— Merrill, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 190 (Ebeme 



Lake, Myiarchusine, Aug.; see Merrill, Auk, iii, 1886, 413). 



OPORORNIS TOLMIEX (Townsend). 

 UACGILLIVRAT'S WARBLER. 



Similar to 0. Philadelphia, but tail decidedly longer, and with a 

 white bar on each eyelid (in both sexes). 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Head and neck slate color, deep- 

 ening into black on lores and rictal region; a conspicuous spot of 

 white on each eyelid, smaller and more posterior on the upper; chin 

 sometimes white (more or less extensively); throat and chest darker 

 slate or slate-blackish, but the feathers more or less distinctly mar- 

 gined with pale gray or grayish white, never forming a "solid" black 

 patch on chest as in 0. Philadelphia; upper parts (except pileum and 

 hindneck) plain olive-green, duller (sometimes slightly tinged with 

 gray) on back and scapulars; outer web of outermost primary edged 

 with white; under parts of body clear lemon j'^ellow, becoming yellow- 

 ish olive-green on sides and flanks; maxilla dusky brown or brownish 

 black with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish (in dried skins); iris 

 brown; legs and feet light brownish (in dried skins). 



Advli male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but feathers of pileum and hindneck (especially the lat- 

 ter) indistinctly tipped with brown, and pale gray or grayish white 

 margins of feathers of throat and chest broader, sometimes almost 

 concealing the blackish centers. 



Young (?) male in first autum^i. — Similar to the adult male of corre- 

 sponding season, but pileum and hindneck duller and more brownish 

 slate or slate-gray, lores light gray (dasky only next to eye), and throat 

 and chest pale gray or dull grayish white, the feathers with concealed 

 central spots of dark slate color. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Pileum, hindneck, and sides 

 of head and neck mouse gray, fading into pale gray or dull grayish 

 white on chin, throat, and chest; a distinct white mark on each eyelid, 

 as in the adult male; rest of plumage as in adult male. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and 

 summer livery, but plumage softer, and sides of throat and chest more 

 grayish. 



Young female in first autumn.— ^imilBX to the adult female of cor- 

 responding season, but pileum and hindneck nearly concolor with 

 back, etc., instead of grayish; chin, throat, and chest yellowish instead 




632 BULLETIN 60, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of pale gray or grayish white; marks on eyelids dull pale yellowish, 

 and an indistinct pale dull yellowish supraloral streak. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 118.6-138.2 (125.7); wing, 59.4-65 

 (62.2); tail, 62.8-63 (55.6); exposed culmen, 10.9-11.7 (11.4); tarsus, 

 20.6-22.9 (21.6); middle toe, 12.7-13.7 (13.2).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 117.6-128 (123.2); wing, 54.6-59.9 

 (56.9); tail, 48.6-57.9(52.1); exposed culmen, 10.7-12.2(11.2); tarsus, 

 20.1-21.3 (20.6); middle toe, 12.2-12.9 (12.7).' 



Western United States and British Columbia; breeding in mountains 

 from Pacific coast ranges to Rocky Mountains, north to British Colum- 

 bia (including Vancouver Island), south at least to Arizona (Fort 

 Whipple), New Mexico, and western Texas ("Castle Hill to Pecos 

 River ") ; during migrations east to western Nebraska (Sioux County), 

 central Texas (Gainesville; San Antonio), etc. ; south in winter to Cape 

 St. Lucas and over whole of Mexico and Central America to Colombia 

 (Bogota; Santa JLlena). 



Sylvia tolmiei Townsend (J. K.), Narrative, Apr., 1839, 343 (Columbia R.; type 

 in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).^ 



Sylvia tolmoei TowssEiiD, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, (pub. 1840), 149, 

 153, 159. 



Trichas tolmsd Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 460. 



Trichas tolmcei Heeemann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Vhila., ii, 1853, 263 (Califoniia). 



Trichas tolmieii Heeemann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 40 (California). 



Oeothlypis tolmiei Stone, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 82, in text. — Ameeican Obnitholo- 

 GisTs' Union Committee, Auk, xvi, 1899, 122. — Ckawfoed, Proc. Nebr. Orn. 

 Union, 2d ann. meet., 1901, 78 (Sioux Co., w. Nebraska, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 22).— 

 Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Jan. 20). 



Sylvia macgillivrayi Audubon, Orn. Biog. , v, 1839, 75 [pi. 399, figs. 4, 5] (Colum- 

 bia R.; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Trichas macgillivrayi Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 64; Bii-da Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 

 74, pi. 100. 



T[richas:} macgilliwayi Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. 



[Trichas] macgillivrayi Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310. — Gray, Hand-list, i, 

 1869, 242, no. 8505. 



S\_ylvicola'\ macgillivrayi Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, 1858, 118 (upper Myiarchuss- 

 souri). 



Oeothlypis macgillivrayi Baied, Eep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 244; 3d. 1860 

 (Birds N. Am.), pi. 99, fig. 4; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 173; Rep. U. S.and 

 Hex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Myiarchusy); 

 Review Am. Birds, 1865, 227 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Ooban and Dueiias, 

 Guatemala).— Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 191 (FortTejon, 

 California) .—Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. , xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— 

 CooPEEand Suckley, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 17' (Puget 

 Sound, etc., Washington; Fort Laramie, Wyoming). — Cabanis, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1861, 84 (Costa Rica).— Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz; Guatemala).— Coues, Ibis, 1865, 163 (Arizona); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., xviii, 1866, 70 (Fort Whipple, Arizona, breeding); Check List, 1873, 

 no. 99; 2d ed., 1882, no. 143; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 312.— Brown, Ibis, 1868, 



' Nine specimens. '' Six specimens. 



'The same specimen afterwards became the type of Sylvia macgillivrayi AudubonI 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 633 



420 (Vancouver I.). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 94 (Barranca, 

 Costa Rica). — Feantzius, Journ. furOrn., 1869, 294 (San Jose, Costa Rica). — 

 Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 96.— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr.), 152 (Central 

 American range). — Trippe, in Coues' Birds N. W., 1874, 232 (Colorado, 

 breeding to above 9,000 ft.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridqway, Hist. N.Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 303, pi. 15, figs. 4, 5.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's 

 Surv., 1873 (1874), 59 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 14 to 18), 75 (Fort Garland, 

 Colorado, Myiarchusy 25, 28), 103 (Bowie, White Mts., and Apache, Arizona, 

 Aug. 11 to Oct. 7); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 205.— Ridgway, 

 Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 425 (breeding in w. and e. Humboldt Mts., Nevada, 

 and Wahsatch and Uintah mountains, Utah); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 

 121.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 62 (descr. young).— Myiarchusnot, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 227 (Boulder and Myiarchusnitou, Colorado, breed- 

 ing; descr. nest and eggs; habits). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1881, 155.— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 526 (mountains 

 near La Paz, Lower California, winter).— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 364 (49th Parallel British America; Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cnjz; 

 Presidio, near Myiarchuszatlan; Duenas, Guatemala; Chiriqui; Bogota and Santa 

 Elena, Colombia). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 680. — Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green, and Concho counties, 

 Texas). — Merrill, Auk, v, 1888, 362 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, breeding; 

 song).- Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 258 (Gainesville, Texas, Myiarchusy 16 

 and Sept. 3; "Castle Hill to Pecos River," Texas," probably breeds ") . — 

 Cherrib, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, 1 spec, Sept. 28) ; ix, 1892, 

 22 (do.) — Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, rare migr. ). — 

 Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 253. 



[GeotMypis] macgillivrayi Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 108. — Sclater and Sal- 

 vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



GleotMypis] macgillivrayi Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 311. — Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 522. 



Oeothlypis macgillivrayii Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala) . — Aiken, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 197 (Black Hills, Wyoming). 



GeotMypis maegillivraii Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz), 373 (Oaxaoa). 



Geothlypis mcgillivrayi Cooper, Am. Nat., iii, 1872, 477. 



GeotMypis Philadelphia, var. macgillivrayi Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, July, 

 1872, 166 (Ogden, Utah), 175 (Colorado) ; Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xyii, 1874, 52 

 (Myiarchussselshell R., North Dakota). — Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci.,iv, Dec, 1872, 

 459.— Nelson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 339 (Fort Bridger, Wyo- 

 ming).— Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 17 (Chihuitan and 

 Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca). 



[GeotMypis phUadelphia} ji. macgillivrayi Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv,Dec., 1872, 

 459. 



GeotMypis Philadelphia . . . yax. macgillivrayi Ridgway, Bull. Esses Inst., v, 1873, 

 180 (Colorado). 



[GeotMypis Philadelphia] b. macgillivrayi Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 75 (synon- 

 omy). 



GeotMypis Philadelphia macgillivrayi Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, July, 1879, 

 164 (Fort Klamath, e. Oregon). 



[GeotMypis Philadelphia'] var. macgillivrayi Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297. 



Geothlypis philadelphia,\3.r. mMyiarchusgilivrayi Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 

 269 (Myiarchuszatlan, Sept. to Apr. ). 



[Trichas] vegata Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310 (Mexico; ex Sylvia vegata 

 Lichtenstein, manuscript). 




634 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Sylvia Philadelphia (not of Wilson) Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, pi. 399. 



Oeothlypis Philadelphia Sclatek, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz). 



Geothlypis [undetermined] Baikd, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 227 (Duenas, Guate- 

 mala). 



Geothlypis ? Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 307 (Duenas specimen identified as G. mac- 



gilliwayi). 



Genus SEIURUS S-wainson. 



Sdurm Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i. Myiarchusy, 1827, 369. (Type, Motaeilla 



aurocapilla Linnaeus. ) 

 Siurus (emendation) Strickland, Ann. and Myiarchusg. Nat. Hist., vi, 1841, 422. 

 Enieodchla Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 22. (Type, Motadlla auwcapUh 



Linnaeus. ) 

 Henicocichla (emendation) Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 15. 

 Exockocichla (emendation?) Van dee Hoevbn, Handb. der Zool., ii, 1852-56, 537. 



Similar in form to Oporornis, but tail even or slightly emarginate 

 (instead of rounded), and coloration very different, the under parts 

 conspicuously streaked with duskj^ on a white or pale yellowish ground. 



Bill shorter than head (nearly as long in S. motaeilla), not essentially 

 different in form from that of Bendroica, but with middle portion of 

 culmen sometimes faintly depressed and with the lower outline of the 

 mandible more prominent or "bulging" at gonydeal angle. Nostril 

 and rictal bristles as in Dendroica and Oporornis. Wing long, pointed; 

 three to four outermost primaries abruptly longest, the ninth usually 

 longer than sixth (usually longer than seventh, except in S. aurocapil- 

 lus), sometimes longest; wing-tip longer than tarsus (except in S. auro- 

 capilhts, in which it is shorter). Tarsus less than one-third as long as 

 wing (much less in 8. noveioraceiisis), its scutella indistinct (obsolete 

 or fused on outer side) ; middle toe with claw much shorter than tar- 

 sus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length 

 to outer toe, separated nearly to base from inner toe. 



Coloration. — Above plain olive, greenish olive, grayish brown, or 

 sooty, the pileum sometimes (in one species) three-striped; beneath 

 white or pale yellowish, conspicuously streaked with grayish brown 

 or blackish. 



Nidification. — Terrestrial. 



Range. — North America; Mexico, Central America, West Indies 

 and northern South America in winter. (Three species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP SKIUBUS. 



a. Pileum with two black stripes inclosing a broad median stripe of orange-rufous 

 ochraceous, or tawny; a whitish orbital ring; no dusky loral nor postocular 

 streak, nor white or yellowish superciliary stripe. (Eastern North America, 

 south in winter to West Indies and through Mexico and Central America to 

 Chiriqui. ) Seiarns anrocapillns (p. 635) 



aa. Pileum unicolored (olive or sooty brown) ; no white orbital ring; a dusky loral 

 and postocular streak, and a white or yellowish superciliary stripe. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 635 



b. Under tail-coverts buffy whitish or pale buff, without grayish brown or olive 

 base; superciliary stripe white, l)roader, and more sharply defined posteriorly; 

 under parts more sparsely streaked on a white or buffy white ground, the 

 streaks grayish brown. (Eastern United States, south in winter to West 

 Indies and through Mexico and Central America to Colombia. ) 



Seiurus motacilla (p. 639) 

 hb. Under tail-coverts yellowish white or pale yellow, with concealed portion 

 grayish brown or olive; superciliary stripe yellowish, narrower, and less 

 sharply defined posteriorly; under parts more thickly streaked on a yellow- 

 ish white or pale yellow ground, the streaks dark sooty brown or blackish. 

 {Seiurxis noveboracenm. ) 

 c. Smaller (averaging wing 76.9, exposed culmen 12.7, in adult male; wing 72.6, 

 culmen 12.7, in adult female); color of upper parts browner or more oliva- 

 ceous; under parts more decidedly yellowish. (Eastern North America, 

 chiefly toward Atlantic coast; south in winter to West Indies and along 

 Atlantic coast of Central America to Colombia, Venezuela, etc. ) 



Seiurns noveboraoensis noveboracensis (p. 642) 

 cc. Larger (averaging wing 77.3, exposed culmen 13.6, in adult male; wing 75.7, 

 exposed culmen 13.2, in adult female); color of upper parts darker and 

 more sooty, under parts less pronouncedly yellowish. (Western North 

 America, chiefly the interior; occasional in Atlantic States during migra- 

 tion; south in winter to Cape St. Lucas and through Mexico and Central 

 America to Colombia) Seiurus noveboraoensis notabilis (p. 645) 



SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS (Linnaeus). 



OVENBIRD. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum with tvro narrow lateral stripes of black 

 inclosing a much broader median stripe of ochraceous, tawny- 

 ochraceous, or ochraceous-buff, the feathers of the latter more or less 

 tipped with pale olive, especially on occiput, which is sometimes uni- 

 form light olive or grayish olive; superciliary region (broadly) light 

 grayish olive, fading into a lighter hue of the same on auricular region; 

 rest of upper parts plain dull olive-green or greenish olive, the inner 

 webs of remiges and rectrices grayish bi'own (hair brown); a whitish 

 orbital ring; lores grayish white or dull whitish; malar region and 

 under parts white, the chest and sides heavily streaked with black, the 

 flanks more narrowly and less distinctly streaked; a dusky submalar 

 streak; axillars and under wing-coverts pale olive-yellow or dull sul- 

 phur j^ellow; maxilla dark brown, mandible much paler; iris brown; 

 legs and feet pale brown in dried skins, pale flesh color in life. 



(In winter similar to the spring and summer plumage but colors rather 

 brighter, and white of malar stripe and flanks sometimes tinged with 

 buff, though the latter may characterize young birds in their first year.) 



Young, Jirst plumage.— Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, 

 and upper tail-coverts dull wood brown or Isabella color, the first with 

 faint indications of two darker stripes, the back and scapulars with 

 indistinct darker streaks; wings and tail as in adults, but middle and 

 greater wing-coverts tipped or margined terminally with pale wood 




636 



BULLETIK 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



brown or cinnamon-buff; malar stripe, chin, and throat plain dull buff; 

 chest and sides similar but duller buffy or grayish buff, indistinctly 

 streaked with darker; abdomen white; under tail-coverts pale buff, . 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 127-143.5 (132.8); wing, 70.9-79 

 (72.6); tail, 52.1-57.9 (51.8); exposed culmen, 11.2-12.4(11.7); tarsus, 

 20.6-22.9 (21.3); middle toe, 11.9-14.5 (13.2).' 



Adult female.— \^&CLg^ (skins), 124.5-138.4 (131.1); wing, 69.8-79 

 (72.6); tail, 49.8-58.4 (51.8); exposed culmen, 11.4-11.9 (11.7); tarsus, 

 20.3-22.3 (21.3); middle toe, 12.7-14.2 (13.2).^ 



Eastern North America; north to Nova Scotia, Anticosti Island, 

 Labrador?, southern and western shores of Hudson Bay, and the Yukon 

 Valley in Alaska (Nulato, Fort Yukon, etc.); west to eastern base of 

 Rocky Mountains, in Colorado (Denver, Boulder, Nederland, etc.) and 

 Montana (Fort Keogh), accidentally to British Columbia (Esquimault); 

 breeding southward at least to Virginia, the Ohio Valley, and Kansas, 

 probably much farther, and in Bahamas (islands of Abaco, New Prov- 

 idence, Rum Cay, Green Cay, and Eleuthera); in winter. Gulf coast 

 of United States, Bahamas, Greater Antilles (Cuba, Grand Cayman, 

 Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, and St. Croix), Swan Island and Old Prov- 

 idence Island, Caribbean Sea, and through Mexico (both coasts) and 

 Central America as far as Chiriqui. 



' Thirteen specimens. 

 ^ Nine specimens. 



Specimens from opposite sides of the Alleghenies and from the Bahama Islands 

 average, respectively, as follows: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



Eight adult males, Virginia to Connecticut 



Five adult males from Myiarchusssissippi Valley 



Four adult males from Bahamas (Abaco, New Providence, 

 EumCay,and Green Cay islands) 



FEMALES. 



Five adult females from Virginia, District of Columbia, and 

 Myiarchusryland 



Four adult females from Myiarchusssissippi Valley 



Three adult females from Bahamas (Abaco, Green Cay, and 

 Eleuthera islands) 



Wing. 



75.4 

 75.2 



78.9 



71.9 

 73.7 



Tail. 



54.4 

 54.6 



57.2 



51 

 52.8 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen. 



11.9 

 11.4 



11.9 

 11.4 



12.2 



Tarsus. 



22.1 

 21.1 



22.4 



21.; 

 21.: 



22.3 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



13.7 

 12.9 



14.6 



13.2 

 13.5 



Dr. Allen has already called attention (Auk, viii, 1891, 68), to the larger bill of 

 specimens from Andros Island, which he considers to "probably represent a local 

 resident form, differing slightly from the North American stock in having the bill 

 rather larger, the crown patch deeper orange, and the black line bordering it and the 

 black streaks below slightly heavier." I havejiot seen any specimens from Andtos 

 Island, but the color-characters mentioned above do not apply, at least not constantly, 

 to specimens examined from the islands of Abaco, New Providence, Eum Cay, Greeu 

 Cay, and Eleuthera. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 637 



[Motacilla] aurocopiKa LinNjEds, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334 (based onThe Golden- 

 crowned Thrush, Turtus vertice aureo, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., v, 91, 

 pi. 253, lower fig.; Le Figuier A teste d'or de Pensilranie, Ficedula pensilvanica 

 auro-capilla, Brisson, Orn., iii, 504). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788,982. 



[Turdusl aurocapiUus Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790,328. 



Turdus aurocnpiHa Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1810, 88, pi. 14, fig 2. — Stephens, Shaw's 

 Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 199.— Vieillott, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823,641.— Bonaparte, 

 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila., iv, 1824, 35.— Ndttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 

 1832, 355; 2d ed., i, 1840, 404.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 253; v, 1839, 

 447, pi. 143.— TowNSEND, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Piiila., viii, 1839, 153 (n. w. 

 United States).— Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 281 

 (Nova Scotia). 



Syhia aurocapilla Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 77. 



/SeiMyiarchususaMyiarchusocapiHas SwAiNsoN, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 171; Philos. Myiarchusg., n. s., i, 1827, 

 369 (Mexico); Isis, 1830, 1154.— Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor. -Am., 

 ii, 1831, 227.— Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 238.— Bonaparte, 

 Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 93; Birds Am., 

 oct. ed., iii, 1841, 35, pi. 148. — Gosse. Birds Jamaica, 1847, 152. — Salle, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 231 (Santo Domingo).— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 260; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 186; Review Am. Birds, 

 1865, 214, 266— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 294 (Jamaica).— 

 GuNDLACH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 325 (Cuba); Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1872, 416 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1873, 68; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat, vii, 1878, 

 175 (Porto Rico).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1867, 68 (Balia- 

 mas), 91 (Santo Domingo). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 94 (Bar- 

 ranca, Costa Rica); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Myiarchuszatlan, Nov. to 

 Apr.). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (San Jose Costa Rica). — 

 SuMyiarchuscHHAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, etc.. Vera Cruz, 

 winter). — Dall and Bannister, Trans. Cliicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 268 (Fort 

 Yukon, etc., Alaska, breeding). — Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool.,ii, 1871,269 

 (e. Florida, Feb.); iii, 1872, 175 (Kansas); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 

 1874, 52 (Fort Rice, Heart R., etc., Nortli Dakota) .—Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 

 70. — Myiarchusynakd, Birds Florida, 1872, 12. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 280, pi. 14, fig. 11.— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1878, 51 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Jan., Myiarchusr.). — Cory, Birds Bahama I., 

 1880, 70; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and San 

 Dom., 1885, 34; Auk, iii, 1886, 42 (West Indian references); iv, 1887, 180 

 (Old Providence I., Caribbean Sea); vi, 1889, 31 (Cayman Brae, Bahamas); 

 ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 56; Cat, W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 119 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry islands, Eleuthera, New 

 Providence, Andros, Cat I , Watlings I., Rum Cay, Long I., Green Cay, 

 N. Caicos, Grand Caicos, E. Caicos, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba; 

 Grand Cayman; Jamaica; Haiti; Porto Rico; St. Croix). — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 674 —Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. ColL 

 Alaska, 1887, 203 (Fort Yukon, Nulato, etc.).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1888, 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea. Feb. 24); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 

 158.— Cooke, BirdMyiarchusgr. Myiarchusss.Val., 1888, 255 (dates of migr., etc.).— Chbrrie, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, 1 spec , Oct. 27), Contr. Orn. San 

 Dom., 1896, 11.— Northrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 68 (Andros and New Providence 

 islands, Bahamas).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.. xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio 

 Escondido, Nicaragua, Nov. 7 to Myiarchusy 6). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 

 1893, 238, pi. 14, fig. 6.— Thorne, Auk, xii, 1895, 218 (Fort Keogh, Montana, 

 1 spec, July23).— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc Nat. for 1897-98 (1900), 114 (s. and 

 s. w. Louisiana, winter resid.) .—Bangs, Proc. New Engl Zool Club, iii, 1902, 

 62 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Boquete, Chiriqui, Feb. 20 to Apr. 15). 




638 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



[Seiurus'] aurocapUlus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106. 



S[eiums'] aurocapUlus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 518. 



Sciums aurocapUlus D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 55. 



Siurus aurocapUlus Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 9 (Guatemala).— NEWTo^ 



(A. & E.), Ibis, 1859, 142 (St. Oroix). 

 Elnicocichla] aurocapUla Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1841, 31. 

 [Enicodchla'] aurocapUla Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 249, no. 3612. 

 Enicocichla aurocapUlus Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 306 (Cuba). 

 Hlenicocichla'] aurocapUla Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 15 (Mexico). 

 Hmicocichla aurocapUla Gvholagb, Journ. Myiarchus Orn., 1855, 471 (Cuba); 1861, .326, 



407 (Cuba).— Cabanis, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 84 ( Costa Rica ).—Sclateb, Cat. 



Am. Birds, 1862, 25 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Jamaica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 



N. Y., viii, 1865, 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



Lond., 1870, 183 (Volcan de Chiriqui). 

 Henicodchla auricapUlaSvuDSV A-Li,, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 



596 (Porto Rico). 

 Tardus auricapUhis Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (see Journ. fiir 



Orn., 1863, 57). 

 Accentor auricapUlus Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172. 

 Seiurus auricapUlus Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 247. — Lawrence,' Ann. Lye. 



N. Y., ix, 1869, 200 (Yucatan) ; Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 14 (Guichi- 



covi, Chiapas, Sept.). 

 ISeiurus] auricapUlus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 306. 

 Siurus auricapUlus Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 9 (Duefias, Guatemala, 



Feb.). — Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 55 (Omoa, Honduras). — Coubs, 



Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 31; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 297; Check Ljst, 



2d ed., 1882, no. 135.— Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (descr. 



young) ; Norn N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 115.— Myiarchusnot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 



V, 1880, 227 (Boulder, Nederland, and Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy). — Salvin 



and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am , Aves, i, 1881, 144. — Brewster, Proc. Bost. 



Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 371 (Anticosti I., 1 pair, July 24). — Bicknell, Auk, 



i, 1884, 213 (song) .— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 339, 652 (Esqui- 



mault, British Coliimbia; Cozumel I., Yucatan, etc.). — Stearns, Proc. U.S. 



Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1886, 116 (int. Labrador, breeding). 

 Henicocichla aurjcapilla Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 293 (Mexico); 



1861, 70 (Jamaica). — Albreoht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica).— 



Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Hon- 

 duras) . 

 Sliurus} auricapUla Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 105. 

 [Siurus"] auricapUlus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 

 Seiurus] auricapUlus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 308. 

 Seiurus aureocapillus Bonhote, Auk, xviii, 1901, 147 (Cay Lobos, Bahamas, Myiarchusy 



2-17). 

 Tardus citreus Myiarchusller, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 141 (based on Petit Grioede St. 



Domingue Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 398, fig. 2). 

 Motacilla canadensis (not of Linnaeus) Boddaert, Tabl PI. Enl., 1783, 84, part 



(includes also Dendrotca coronata). 

 Turdus coronatus Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept.,'ii, 1807, 8, pi. 64 (cites Motacilla 



auricapilla IjmQiens) . — Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 

 Anthus coronatus Gerhakdt, Naumannia, iii, 1853, 38. 

 Seiurus ludovicianus (not Turdus ludovicianus Audubon) Hamlin, Tenth Ann. Eep. 



Myiarchusine Board Agric. iox 1865 (Waterville, Myiarchusine; see Chadbourne, Auk, iii, 



1886, 278, 279). 




BIRDS OF NOETH ANI MIDDLE AMERICA. 



SEIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieillot). 

 LOinSIAlfA WATER THRUSH. 



639 



Adults {sexes alike).^ — A.bove plain grayish olive, slightly darker on 

 pileum; a conspicuous superciliary stripe of white, extending from 

 nostril to beyond end of auricular region; a triangular loral spot and 

 broad postocular stripe of dark grayish olive, the latter sometimes 

 involving greater part of the auricular region, the lower portion of 

 which, however, is always paler and more or less streaked with dull 

 whitish; a crescentic mai'k of white on lower eyelid; malar region 

 white, usually more or less flecked with grayish olive; under parts 

 white or huffy white, becoming pronouncedly buffy (usually clear pale 

 buff or cream buff) on flanks and under tail-coverts, all the under parts 

 of the body sometimes strongly tinged with buff; chin and throat 

 immaculate or with only a few minute flecks; chest, sides, and flanks 

 broadly streaked with grayish olive (similar to color of upper parts, 

 but somewhat darker), the streaks on anterior portion of chest smaller, 

 more distinctly triangular or wedge-shaped; axillars and under wing- 

 coverts brownish gray or hair brown; maxilla horn brownish basally, 

 becoming darker terminally; mandible similar in color to maxilla but 

 paler brownish basally; iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown 

 in dried skins (pale flesh color in life). 



Young, first plumage. — Similar to adults, but upper parts more 

 sooty brown, the rump and upper tail-coverts sometimes tinged with 

 or inclining to more rusty brown; middle and greater wing-coverts nar- 

 rowly margined at tips with paler brown; streaks on under parts much 

 less distinct than in adults, decidedly paler in color than upper parts. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 127-139.7 (133.8); wing, 75.7-84.3 

 (80.8); tail, 49.5-55.4 (51.8); exposed culmen, 12.-1-13.5 (13.2); tarsus, 

 21.6-22.9 (22.3); middle toe, 14^15.2 (14.2).' 



Admit feinale.—Length (skins), 129.5-142.2 (135.1); wing, 75.9-81 

 (78.7); tail, 49.5-52.6 (50.8); exposed culmen, 12.9-14.2 (13.5); tarsus, 

 21.6-23.4 (22.9); middle toe, 14-15 (14.5).'' 



' After careful examination of a large series of specimens, I can not find that there 

 is any difference in plumage according to season, some birds taken in April and Myiarchusy 

 being quite as strongly colored as any autumnal or winter specimens. 



'Eleven specimens. 



'l*'ive specimens. 



Specimens from the Atlantic coast district and those from the Myiarchusssissippi Valley 

 average, respectively, as follows: 




640 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Eastern United States and southern Ontario; breeding from the Gulf 

 States north to Connecticut (Norwich, etc.), eastern Rhode Island 

 (Johnson), southwestern Myiarchusssachusetts (Berkshire County), southeast- 

 ern New York (lower Hudson Valley), lower districts of Pennsylvania, 

 northeastern Ohio (Wayne County), southern Ontario (near Hamilton), 

 southern Myiarchuschigan, northern Illinois, and southeastern Myiarchusnnesota 

 (Myiarchusssissippi bottoms as far as Red Wing), west to eastern Nebi-aska 

 (Omaha, Peru, etc.), eastern Kansas, and Texas (Navarro County); 

 occurring irregularly north to northeastern New York (Lake George); 

 in winter, south to West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Grand Cayman, 

 Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Antigua), island of Old Providence, 

 Caribbean Sea, and through Mexico (both coasts) and Central America 

 to Colombia (province of Santa Myiarchusrta). 



Turdus motadlla YihiiAjOT, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 9, pi. 65 (Kentucky); Nouv. 

 Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xx, 1818, 234; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 643.— Stephens, Shaw'e 

 Gen. ZooL, x, 1817, 197. 

 [Seiurxis] motacrlla Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 306. — Cory, List Birds W. I., 



1885, 35. 

 Seiurus motaciUa Cory, Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 35; Auk, iii, 1886,43 

 (West Indian references), 501, (Grand Cayman; iv, 1887, 180 (Old Pro\'idence 

 I., Caribbean Sea); Birds W. I., 1889, 57; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 (Bimi- 

 nis and Berry islands, Bahamas, Cuba; Jamaica; Haiti; Antigua).— Fer- 

 rari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 136 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— Amer- 

 ican Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 676. — Ridgway, Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 160.— Butler, Bull. Brookv. Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 36 

 (Franklin Co., Indiana, summer resid.). — Cooke, BirdMyiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 

 257 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities and dates). — Evermann, Auk, vi, 1889, 28 

 (Carroll Co., Indiana, breeding).— Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Key West, Flor- 

 ida, rare migr., July 16 and Apr. 6, 2 specs.). — Chereib, Auk, vii, 1890, 

 336 (San Jos^, Costa Rica, 1 spec. Myiarchusr. 9); Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896,11 

 (1 spec, Jan. 22). — Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891,576 (e. Kansas, summer 

 resid. ). — Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (s. w. of San Antonio, Texas, Apr. 9).— 

 Richmond, Proc U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484 (Escondido R., Nicaragua, 

 after Oct. 23).— Nbhbling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 245, pi. 15, fig.6.- 

 MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds, Ontario, 1894, 375 (s. Ontario, breeding).— Ulrby and 

 Wallace, Proc ind. Ac. Sci., 1895, 157 (Wabash, Indiana, common sum- 

 mer resid. ). — Oberholser, Bull. Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta., tech. ser., i, 1896, 

 326 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, rare summer resid.). --Morris, Auk, xiii, 1896, 

 86 (Springfield, Myiarchusssachusetts, July 28, 1895, 1 spec).— Young, Auk, xiii, 

 1896, 284 (Hamburg, Pennsylvania, breeding). — Faxon, Auk, xiii, 1896, 343 

 (Berkshire Co., Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding). — Bangs, Proc Biol. Soc. Wash., 

 xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia).— Roberts, Auk, xvi, 1893, 241, in 

 text (Myiarchusssissippi bottoms, s. e. Myiarchusnnesota, as far as Red Wing).— Allen, 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (Bonda, prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, 

 Nov. 8); Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (do. ).— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc Nat. for 1897- 

 99 (1900), 144 (Louisiana, breeding).— Bruner, Proc Nebr. Orn. Union, 2d 

 ann. meet., 1901, 57 (breeding at Omaha and Peru, Nebraska). 

 S[eiunis] motaciUa Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 519. 

 Siurus motaciUa Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 33; Birds Col. Val, 1878, 

 299; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 138.— Langdon, Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 

 6, (com. summer resid. ).— Lawrence, Proc U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878,233, 

 486 (Antigua, Lesser Antilles).— Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Olub, iii, 1878,72 



Ii I 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 641 



(remarks on plumage). — Brewstbe, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 133 

 (descr. nest and eggs).— Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 116 (John- 

 son, e. Rhode Island, breeding). — Lawrence (K.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 

 1880, 116 (Long Island).— Fisher (A. K.) , Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 117 

 (Lake George, New York, 2 specs.. Myiarchusy); vl, 1881, 245 (do., Ispec, Myiarchusy 

 16).— Mbrriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 229 (Lake George).— Ridg- 

 WAY, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 117. — Salvin andGooMAN, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1881, 147.— Ogilby, Sci. Proo. Roy. Dubl. Soc, iii, 1882, (21) 

 (Navarro Co., Texas, breeding). — Brown (N. C. ), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vii, 1882, 36 (Boerne, s. w. Texas, 1 spec.. Myiarchusr.).— Bicknbll, Auk, i, 1884, 

 215 (song).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 342. 



S[iurus] motadlla Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 105. — Coues, 

 Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. 



Hlenicocichla] motadlla Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 16, footnote. 



Hmicocichla moiadlla GABAHia, Journ. fiir Orn., 1857, 240 (Cuba). — Gundlach, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). 



Tardus Ivdovidanus Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 99, pi. 19 (lowlands of Lou- 

 isiana and Myiarchusssissippi). 



Sdurus ludovidanus Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Baird, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 262; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 80, 

 fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 188; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 

 ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Tamaulipas, Myiarchusr. ) ; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 217.— Bar- 

 nard, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1860 (1861), 435 (Chester Co., Penn- 

 sylvania). — Gundlach, Report. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236; Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1872, 417 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1893, 68.— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 viii, 1866, 284 (vicinity of New York City); ix, 1868, 94 (Barranca, Costa 

 Rica); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Myiarchuszatlan; Sierra Myiarchusdre de 

 Colima, Dec; coast ranges of w. Mexico, Jan., Apr.); Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 no. 4, 1876, 15 (Barrio and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Sept., Jan.). — Coues, 

 Check List, 1873, no. 94; Birds N. W., 1874, 72.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 

 5. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 287, pi. 14, fig. 

 13; iii, 1874, 506 (Norwich, Connecticut, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — 

 Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (Myiarchusssachusetts, occasional; 

 Connecticut, breeding). — Brewster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 1875, 136 (Ritchie 

 Co., West Virginia; habits; song). 



[Sdurus] ludovicianus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106. 



Siurus ludovicianus Sclateb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz), 373 (Totontepec, Oaxaca). — Salvin and Sclatee, Ibis, 1860, 273 

 (Alotenango, Volcan de Fuego, and Coban, Guatemala, Sept. to Nov.). — 

 Nelson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 42 (n. e. Illinois, breeding). — Covert, 

 Oologist, iv, 1878, 10 (descr. nest and eggs). — Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 440. 



[Siurus'] ludovidanusSchATER and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 



S[iurmi] ludovidanm Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100, 152 (n. e. Illinois, 

 common summer resid. ). 



Sdurus ludoviddnus Trippe, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 234 (Decatur and 

 Myiarchushaska counties, s. Iowa, breeding) . 



Henicodchla ludovidana Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 70 (Jamaica); 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Jamaica). — Alerecht, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 

 (Bugab^, Veragua). 



[Wnicodchla] ludovidana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 249, no. 3613. 



H[emcodchla] major Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i., 1850, 16 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 

 Mexico; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.). 



3654— VOL 2—01 41 




642 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Henicociehla major Oabasis, Journ. fur Orn., 1857, 240 (Cuba). 

 Enicodchla major Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 306 (Cuba). 

 Seiurus novseboracemis (not MotaciUa noveboracerms Gmelin) Audubon, Synopsis, 



1839, 93, part. 

 (?) Siurus noveboracerms Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477, part (Medina E., Texas, "all 



the summer," fide Heermann). 

 (?) Seiurus colomUanm Lesson, Descr. Myiarchusm. et Ois., 1847, 294 (Colombia). 



SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmelin). 

 WAIER-THBTTSH, 



Adults {sexes alike).— Above plain olive; a broad superciliary stripe 

 of buff, extending from nostril to sides of nape; a triangular spot of 

 dusky olive in front of eye, and a broad postocular streak of the same; 

 a crescentic mark of light buffy on lower eyelid; suborbital and auric- 

 ular regions streaked with olive and yellowish or pale buffy; broad 

 malar stripe and under parts pale yellow (primrose yellow to straw 

 yellow) — rarely nearly white — the chest, sides, and flanks more or less 

 broadly streaked with dark sooty olive (sometimes nearly black), the 

 lower throat with shorter triangular or wedge-shaped marks, the upper 

 throat usually with small triangular spots or flecks, of the same; under 

 tail-coverts with concealed portion extensively olive or grayish olive; 

 bill dusky brown, the mandible paler, especially in winter; iris brown; 

 legs and feet clear brown (in dried skins). 



Yoiong, first phomage. — Above olive, the feathers with a subter- 

 minal bar of dusky and a terminal bar of buff, producing a conspicu- 

 ous transversely mottled appearance; wings and tail as in adults, but 

 middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with buff, forming two nar- 

 row bands across wing; superciliary stripe less distinct than in adult, 

 finely streaked with dusky; .whole throat, chest, and sides of breast 

 heavily streaked with dusky or dark soot}'^, on a pale buff-yellowish 

 ground, the streaks much less sharply defined than in adults; rest of 

 under parts pale straw or primrose yellow, the sides and flanks mottled 

 or clouded with dusky. 



Adult TOffl^e.— Length (skins), 125.5-1-12.7 (135.1); wing, 75.4:-80 

 (76.7); tail, 45-53.6 (61.8); exposed culmen, 11.9-14 (12.7); tarsus, 

 19.8-22.3 (21.3); middle toe, 12.9-14 (13.5).' 



Adidt female.— l^eugih (skins), 118.4-138.7 (130.5); wing, 68.3-75.7 

 (72.6); tail, 45-52.1 (49.5); exposed culmen, 10.9-14.7 (12.7); tarsus, 

 20.3-21.6 (21.1); middle toe, 12.4^13.7 (13.2).' 



Eastern North America; north to Davis Inlet, Newfoundland, and 

 shores of Hudson Bay ; ' breeding southward to northern New England, 

 mountains of Pennsylvania (Clearfield, Elk, Cambria, and Lycoming 



' Nine specimens. 

 ^ Eight specimens. 



' Breeding birds from the western side of Hudson Bay are intermediate between 

 this form and S. n. noiabUis. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 643 



. yiinties) and West Virginia (spruce belt), southern Myiarchuschigan (?), north- 

 astern Illinois (?), etc.; in winter southward throughout West Indies 

 ind along eastern coast districts of Central America to Colombia, 

 Venezuela, British Guiana, Brazil (?), Trinidad, and Tobago, and to 

 Swan Island and Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea.^ Occasional 

 in Bermudas; accidental in southern Greenland (two records). 



MotacUla nima (not of Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 35*) Boddaeet, Tabl. 

 PI. Enl., 1783, 47 (based on Fauvettee tachete, de la Loumane, Daubenton, PI. 

 Enl., pi. 752, fig. 1). 



Siurus nsmius Coues, Bull. Nntt. Orn. Club, ii, Apr., 1877, 32; Birds Col. Val., 

 1878, 299; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 136.— Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 54 (Dominica), i, 1879, 233 (Antigua), 453 (Guadeloupe), 486.— 

 KuMLiEN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 15, 1879, 74 (Straits of Belle Isle, Aug. 

 18).— EiDGWAY, Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 116.— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vi, 1881, 128 (Santa Lucia) .—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 

 1881, 239 (New England breeding range confined to Canadian fauna). — 

 Stearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 117 (int. Labrador, breeding).— (?) 

 BoucAED, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 440 (Yucatan). — Dalgleish, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 179 (Nanortalik, Greenland; 1 spec, Myiarchusy, 1882).— 

 BicKNELL, Auk, i, 1884, 214 (song). — Shaepb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 

 344, 652, part (Tobago; Paraiso Station, Panama R. R. ; Medellin, Bogota, 

 and Myiarchusnca, Colombia; Bartica Grove and Roraima, British Guiana, etc.). 



S[iurm} mevhis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. 



Seiurm nsemus Turner, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1885, 238 (Davis Inlet; 

 Moose Factory, Hudson Bay).— Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 611 

 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles). 



\_Motaciila] noveboracensis GMEhim, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 958 (based on Fauvette 

 tachetet, de la Loumane, Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 752, fig. 1). — Latham, 

 Index Orn., i, 1790, 362. 



\8ylvia'] novehoracerms Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 518. 



Sylvia noveboracensis Vieillot, Ois. Am., Sept., ii, 1807, 26, pi. 82. — Stephens, 

 Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 681.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 77. 



Tardus (Seiurus) noveboracenm (not Turdus noveboracensis Gmelin^) Nutt all, 

 Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 353, part. 



[Ourruca'i noveboracensis Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 



Turdus noveboracenm (not of Gmelin) Peabody, Rep. Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, 306. 



Seiurus noveboracensis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21. — Gossb, Birds 

 Jamaica, 1847, 151; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pi. 28).— Jardine, Contr. 

 Orn., 1848, 82 (Bermudas, winter resid.). — Hukdis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 

 1850, 8 (Bermudas). — Hartlaub, Naumannia, 1852, 53 (Cuba). — Baird, 

 Rep. Pa cific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 261; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), pi. 80, fig. 



' In the absence of specimens from various localities cited in the synonymy it is 

 very difficult to make out with greater exactness the range of this form, the difficulty 

 lieing rendered still greater from the fact that both it and S. n. notabilis often occur 

 together during migration. Nearly every one of the West Indian islands (including 

 the Bahama group) is represented among the specimens examined, together with the 

 following Central American localities: Guatemala (Yzabal, January) ; Nicaragua (San 

 Juan del Sur, January 10; Sucuyi, February 12; Greytown, February 5) ; Costa 

 Siea (San Jos6) . The only Mexican specimen seen is one from the island of Cozumel, 

 Yucatan (January 29). The most western United States example examined is one 

 from Edinburgh, Texas (Myiarchusy). 



^= Locustella nsema (Boddaert). 



^^SeQlecophagus carolinus (Myiarchusller), 




644 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 187, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 215, 

 part.— Myiarchusrtens, Journ. fur Orn., 1859, 213 (Bermudas).— Bland, Ann. 

 Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas).— Oassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 191 (Cartagena, Colombia).— (?) Lawbbncb, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama B. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (San Jos« 

 and Angostura, Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).— Myiarchusrch, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pfiila., xv, 1863, 294 (Jamaica).— Bryant, Proc. Best. 

 Soc. N. H., xi, 1867, 68 (Bahamas), 91 (Santo Domingo).— (?) Frantzius, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (San Josfi and Angostura, Costa Rica). — (?) Sumi- 

 chrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, etc.. Vera Cruz).— 

 GuNDLACH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 235; Journ. fur Orn., 1872, 

 416 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1873, 68; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat, vii, 1878, 175 

 (Porto Rico).— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, 

 Feb.); Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xlii, 1900, 177 (Bonda and Cienega, Santa 

 Myiarchusria, Colombia, Sept. 8 to Nov. 5). — Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 93, 

 part; Birds N. W., 1874, 71, part. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, i, 1874, 283, part, pi. 14, fig. 12.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. 

 H., xvii, 1875, 440 (n. New England, breeding). — Coey, Birds Bahama L, 

 1880, 71; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Auk, iii, 1886, 42 

 (West Indian references); iv, 1887, 95 (Myiarchusrtinique), 180 (Old Providence 

 I., Caribbean Sea), 181 (St. Andrews I., Caribbean Sea); vi, 1889, 31 (Cay- 

 man Brae, Bahamas); viii, 1891, 48 (St. Croix), 49 (Guadeloupe), 352 (Cay 

 Sal, Bahamas, Myiarchusy); Birds W. I., 1889, 56; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 

 (Gt. Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Eleuthera, New Providence, Watlings I., 

 Great Inagua, and Cay Sal, Bahamas; Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Mona, 

 Porto Rico, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, 

 Grenada, and Barbados, Lesser Antilles). — American Ornithologists' 

 Union, Check List, 1886, no. 675.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 

 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 161.— Scott, Auk, vii, 

 1890, 21 (Punta Rassa, Tarpon Springs, and Key West, Florida; migrant), 

 314 (Garden Key, Tortugaa, Florida, Apr. 25 to Myiarchusy 2). — Hagerup, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland).— Dwight, Auk, ix, 1892, 139 (Cresson and 

 North Mt., Pennsylvania, breeding). — Todd, Auk, x, 1893, 45 (Clearfield 

 Co., Pennsylvania, breeding). — Nbheling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 

 242.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 24 (Trinidad).— Chekrie, 

 Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 (2 specs., Feb. 24, Myiarchusr.l6).— Baily, Auk, 

 xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breeding). — Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 

 136 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 Wash., xiii, 1899, 105 (La Coneepeion and Chirua, Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, 

 Feb., Myiarchusr.); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 62 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 

 Myiarchusr. 27). — Bigelow, Auk, xix, 1902, 30 (coast of Labrador, breeding north 

 to Aillik), 



[Seiurus] noveboracensis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 306. — Coues, Key N. 

 Am. Birds, 1872, 106, part.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



S[eiwrm) .Twveboracensis Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 124, part (Ohio, 

 etc.).- Boies, Cat. Birds South. Myiarchusch., 1875, no. 42 (breeding).— Eidgw ay, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 519. 



Siurus novehoracerms Sclatbr and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Belize, British Hondu- 

 ras;.— Newton (A. andE.), Ibis, 1859, 142 (St. Croix).— (?) Sclatbr, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 145, part. 



(?) Sldurus] noveboTMensis Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100, 152 (n. e. 

 Illinois, a few breeding) . 



[Siurus] noveboracensis Sclatbr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. 



S<^wrus noveboracensis Gentry, Life-Hist. Birds E. Penn., 1876, 142, 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 645 



EnicoHchla noveboracensis Knebland, Proc. Boat. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 233. — 

 Bebwbb, Proc. Post. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 306 (Cuba). 



[Enicocichla] noveboracerms Geay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 249, no. 3611. 



Henicomchla noveboracensu Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 

 1848, 666; (?) Journ. fur Orn., 1860, 324 (Costa Rica).— Gundlach, 

 Joum. fiir Orn., 1855 471 (Cuba); 1861, 326, 407 (do.).— Sclatbe, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 70 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25, part 

 (Jamaica; Tobago). Albkbcht, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica). — 

 ScLATBR and Salvin, Proc. Zooi. Soc. Lond., 1864, 346 (Lion Hill, 

 Panama R. R.); 1868, 627 (Venezuela); 1869, 251 (Myiarchusruaria, n. of Lake 

 Valencia, Venezuela); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras). — Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 (Calovevora, Veragua). — Sundevall, Ofv. k. 

 Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 583 (St. Bartholomew). 



H[emconchla] noveboracensis Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 16 (Venezuela). 



[MotaeUla] novseboracensis Turton, Syst. Nat., i, 1800, 589. 



Turdus (Seiurv^) novxboracensk Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. IT. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 



1840, 402, part. 



Seiurus novseboracenm Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 93, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 



1841, 37, pi. 49, part. 



Sdurus novseboracensk Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 209. 



[Motadlla tigrina] fi. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 985 (based on Figuier 



brun de S. Domingue, Ficedula dominicensis fusca, Brisson, Orn., iii, 513, pi. 



28, fig. 5). 

 [Motadlla tigrina] 2. Tukton, Syst. Nat, i, 1800, 606. 

 [Stiloia tigrinal /J. Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 537. 

 Tardus aguaticusWihBov, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 66, pi. 23, fig. 5. — Stephens, Shaw's 



Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 183.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 284, pi. 433, flg. 7. 

 {?) Seiurus aqmticus S-w.Aivisoii and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 229, 



part?— (?)Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 247, part. 

 Turdus aquaiius Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 34. 

 Sylvia anthoides \ iEii,i.0T, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat, x, 1817, 208; Enc. M^th., ii, 



1823, 421. 



[CarrucaJ anthoides Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 



Turdus motadlla (not of Vieillot) Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 



1824, 35. 



Seiurus sulfurascens D'Oebiqny, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 57, pi. 



6 (Cuba). 

 [iSWunts] sulfurascens Lbsson, Descr. Myiarchusm. et Ois. , 1847, 295, in text. 

 Sdurus sulphurascens Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 306. 

 E[nicorichla'] sulphurascens Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 188. 

 Henicodchla sulphurascens Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 471 (Cuba'' 1861 



407 (do.). 

 Anthus I'herminieri Lesson, Rev. Zool., ii, Apr., 1839, 101 (Colombia?; coll. Myiarchuss 



Rupifortensis). 

 Seiurus rherminieri TuBssos, Descr. Myiarchusm. et Ois., 1847, 295 ("Mexique"). 

 Anthus herminieri Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 249 (Colombia). 

 Seiurus gossii Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 306 (Jamaica). 

 (?) [Seiurus] guadelupensis Lesson, Descr. Myiarchusm. et Ois., 1847, 295, in text {nomen 



nudum!) . 



SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOTABILIS Ridgway. 



GKIITNELL'S WATER-THRtTSH. 



Similar to S. n. noveloracensis, but larger, especially the bill; color- 

 ation of upper parts less olive (more grayish sooty), that of under 




646 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



parts less yellowish, usually white, with little if any yellow tinge. 

 Young much darker above than that of S. n. noveboracensis, the 

 feathers entirely dusky (except the buffy tip), instead of olive with a 

 subterminal bar of dusky.' 



AdwU ma^e.— Length (skins), 130.8-148.3 (139".6); wing, 73.6-81.3 

 (77.3); tail, 50.8-57.1 (53.4); exposed culmen, 12.4-16 (13.6); tarsus, 

 20-22.3 (21.6); middle toe, 12.7-14.2 (13.7)." 



Adult female.— length (skins), 127.2-152.1 (139.2); wing, 78.1-79 

 (75.7); tail, 48.8-57.9 (53.3); exposed culmen, 12.2-14.2 (13.2); tarsus, 

 21.1-22.3 (21.8); middle toe, 12.4-13.7 (13.2).' 



Western North America; breeding from Myiarchusnnesota (north of Red 

 Wing), western Nebraska (Sioux (yountj'^), and probably the more 

 northern Rocky Mountain districts of the United States to Alaska 

 (whole of wooded districts), and East Cape, Siberia; southward dur- 

 ing migration throughout western United States (including Myiarchusssissippi 

 Valley), more rarely through Atlantic coast States (New Jersey, Dis- 

 trict of Columbia, Virginia, South Carolina, Florida, etc.), to the 

 Bahamas (New Providence Island, February), Cuba (Santiago, Novem- 

 ber 18), island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea, Cozumel Island, 

 Yucatan, through Mexico and Central America* to Colombia (Chirua, 

 province of Santa Myiarchusrta, February), and to Cape St. Lucas. 



(?) Seiuras tenwirostris Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., ii. s., i, 1827, 360 (Mexico). 



Sciwrus lenuirostrig Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1843, 261 (Colorado R.). 



Seiurus noveboracenm Baikd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 261, part (Ver- 

 milion R. ) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 187, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 

 215, part (Yukon R.; Fort Norman, Fort Peels R., Fort Simpson, and Fort 

 Rae, arctic Am.; Hellgate, Idaho; Camp Moogie, Washington). — Hayden, 

 Trans. Am. Philos Soc, xii, 1862, 160 (upper Myiarchusssouri R. ). — Blakiston, Ibis, 

 1862,4 (Saskatchewan); 1863, 62 (Fort Carlton, British North America). — 

 Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 278 (Fort Yukon, 



' With only one specimen of the young of each form I can not be sure that the 

 differences, as stated above, are constant. 



' Thirteen specimens. 



' Nine specimens. 



Myiarchusssissippi Valley specimens average smaller than those from the Rocky Moun- 

 tains and westward, and are really intermediate in size between S. n. notahilis and 

 S. n. noveboracenm. Average measurements are as follows: 



* Mexican and Central American localities represented among the specimens exam- 

 ined are the following: Oaxaca (Tapana, April 15) ; British Honduras (Belize, Decem- 

 ber 14); Nicaragua (Greytown, February 5); Veragua (Calovevora). Although 

 occurring in winter at the Cape district of Lower California (San Pedro, Myiarchusrch 14; 

 La Paz, February 24), I have no record of its occurrence in California. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMEKIOA. 647 



Alaska, breeding). — (7) Sumicheast, Mem. Boat. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 

 (Orizaba, etc.. Vera Cruz, winter). — Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 93, part; 

 Birds N. W., 1874, 71, chiefly. — Baihd, Bbewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, i,1874, 283.— Allen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (North 

 Dakota).— Hbnshaw, Zool. Exped. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 204 (Denver, 

 Colorado, Myiarchusy 12; near Camp Crittenden, Arizona, Aug.).^ — (?) Lawrence, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 14 (Tapana, Oaxaca, Apr. ).— Nelson, 

 Hep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 204 (Yukon Valley, to mouths of 

 Yukon). — TowNSEND, Auk, iv, 1887, 13 (Kowak R., n. w. Alaska). — 

 (?)CooKB, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 256 (Illinois). 



Sleiurus] noveboracensis Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 124, part (Columbia 

 R., etc.). 



[Seiurus] noveboracensis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106, part. 



(7) Siurits noveboracems Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Belize, British Hon- 

 duras). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). — 

 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 51 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). 



Siurm noveboracends Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477, part (San Antonio, Texas, Dec). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 145, part. 



[iiiurus'] noveboracensis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. 



Sdnrus (typographical error) noveboracensis Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's 

 Surv., 1873, 1874, 59 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 12). 



(t) Henicodchla noveboracensis Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25, part (Guate- 

 mala). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, 

 Honduras). — Palmen, Vega-Exp., 1887, 274 (Tschutpa, East Cape, Siberia, 

 June 14, 1879). 



Seiurus noveboracensis Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 71 (Fort 

 Whipple, Arizona). 



Seiurus aquations (not Turdus aqualieus Wilson) Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 

 1831, 229, part, pi. 43 (Carlton House, British America). 



Siwus nsevius (not MotacUla nsoAa Boddaert) Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 299, 

 part; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 137, part.— Myiarchusnot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 v, 1880, 227 (Boulder, Nederland, etc., Colorado, Myiarchusy). — Bbewstee, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 138 (Tucson, Arizona, Myiarchusy 4; crit.). 



Siurus nsemus notabilis Ridgway, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, Myiarchusrch 27, 1880, 12 

 (Black Hills, Wyoming; coll. G. B. Grinnell; ex "Grinnell, MS."); Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 116a.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 137.— 

 Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 536 (La Paz, Lower Calffornia, 

 winter, 2 specs.). 



S[iurus'] nlxvius] notabilisf Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. 



Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 

 354; 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 162.— American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 675a.— Cory, Auk, iv, 1887, 

 180 (Old Providence I., Caribbean Sea); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 (New 

 Providence, Bahamas).— Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 35 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, 

 Sept. ); vii, 1890, 314 (Garden Key, Tortugas, Florida, 2 specs., Myiarchusr. 26, 28).— 

 LooMyiarchuss, Auk, V, 1888, 324 (near Chester, South Carolina, Apr. 28, 1888); viii, 

 1891, 71 (Chester Co., South Carolina, Apr. 28 to Myiarchusy 28; Sept. 1-29.)— 

 Smith and Palmer, Auk, v, 1888, 148 (Virginia, near Washington, District 

 of Columbia, 2 specs.. Myiarchusy) .—Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 256 (dates 

 of migr. )— Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 574 (rare migrant).— Sodthwick, 

 Auk, ix, 1892, 303 (Raritan, New Jersey, 1 spec, Myiarchusy 30) .—Richmond, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Sept. to 

 Myiarchusy).— Fisher (A. K.), N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 122 (lower Santa Clara 

 Valley, Utah, Myiarchusy 11). -Thorne, Auk, xii, 1895, 218 (Fort Keogh, Montana, 




648 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1 spec, Sept. 12).— Roberts, Auk, xvi, 1899, 241, in text (Myiarchusnnesota, from 

 Red Wing northward, in summer).— Bangs, Proc. Biol. See. Wash., xiii, 

 1899, 105 (Chirua, Santa Myiarchusrta, Columbia, Feb. 7).— Bishop, N. Am. Fauna, 

 no. 19, 1900, 91 (Sixtymile Creek, etc., Alaska).— Beuner, Proc. Nebr. 

 Cm. Un., 2d ann. meet., 1901, 57 (Sioux Co., w. Nebraska, breeding). 

 S[eiums] noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 519. 



Genus TERETISTRIS Cabanis. 



Teretistris' Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., iii, Nov., 1855, 476, in text. (Type, Anor 



bates fernandinx Lembeye. ) 

 Terelristis Baied, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 233. 



Rather small terrestrial Mniotiltidee with rictal bristles obsolete, 

 wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen, commissure equal to or longer 

 than middle toe with claw, maxilla strongly decurved, and the ninth 

 primary shorter than the first; the plumage plain gray above (pileum 

 and hindneck olive-green in one species), the under parts plain yellow, 

 or whitish with yellow throat. 



Bill nearly as long as head, the maxilla strongly decurved terminally, 

 rather acute at tip, without subterminal tomial notch; mandibular 

 tomium slightly convex, more decidedly arched subbasally, the rictal 

 portion of the commissure decidedly and rather abruptly deflexed; 

 gonys nearly straight, decidedly shorter than distance from nostril to 

 tip of maxilla. Nostril wholly exposed, longitudinal, narrowly oval, 

 with broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles obvious but very 

 weak. Wing moderate, very much rounded (seventh and sixth prima- 

 ries longest, ninth shorter than first, and eighth shorter than fifth); 

 wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen. Tail slightly shorter than 

 distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, slightly to decidedly 

 rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with obtusely rounded tips. 

 Tarsus about one-third as long as wing, its scutella obsolete or fused 

 on outer side; middle toe with claw much shorter than tarsus; basal 

 phalanx of middle toe united to outer toe for more than half its length, 

 to inner toe for rather less. 



Coloration. — Above plain gray, the pileum and hindneck olive-green 

 in one species; beneath mostlj^ plain yellow, or whitish medially and 

 gray laterally, with chin and throat yellow. 



Nidijication. — Arboreal. 



Range. — Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. (Two species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TEBETISTRIS. 



tr. Pileum and hindneck olive-green; breast grayish or grayish white, very faintly, 



if at all, tinged with yellow. (Western Cuba. ) 



Teretistris fernandinse, adults (p. 649) 

 aa. Pileum and hindneck gray, like rest of upper parts; breast yellow, like throat 



(Eastern Cuba. ) Teretistris fornsi, adults (p. 649) 



'"Von TE^sriZoo, zwitschern." 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 649 



TERETISTRIS FERNANDIN^ (Lembeye). 

 FERNAITDIIIA'S WARBLER. 



AMts {sexes alike). — Pileum and hindneck uniform yellowiah olive- 

 green; lores (except lower portion), orbital ring, malar region, chin, 

 and throat, clear yellow (between lemon and canary), the auricular 

 region and suborbital region, similar but tinged with olive-green; 

 back, scapulars, wing-coverts, tertials, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 plain gray (between slate-gray and mouse gray), the remiges (except 

 tertials) and rectrices darker, with lighter gray edgings; breast pale 

 gray or grayish white, shading into more pronounced gray on sides 

 and flanks; abdomen and anal region yellowish white; under tail- 

 coverts pale grayish; axillars pale gray or grayish white; under wing- 

 coverts white, those along edge of wing tinged with yellow; maxilla 

 dusky with paler tomia; mandible paler (light bluish gray in life); iris 

 brown; legs and feet grayish black in dried skins, light grayish blue 

 in life.i 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 120.4-125.5 (122.2); wing, 54.1-60.4 

 (58.2); tail, 48.3-51.6 (50.4^; exposed culmen, 12.7-13.2 (12.9); tarsus, 

 18.3-19.3 (19); middle toe, 11.2-11.9 (11.7).' 



Adult female.— h&ngih. (skins), 108.2-119.9 (116.1); wing, 53.8-55.4 

 (54.9); tail, 48-51.6 (49.8); exposed culmen, 11.7-12.7 (12.4); tarsus, 

 18.3-19.3 (18.8); middle toe, 10.9-11.4 (11.2).'' 



Western Cuba, including Isle of Pines. 



Anabaies fernandinx Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 66, pi. 5, fig. 2. — 

 GuNDLAOH, Journ. Best. Soc. N. H., vi, 1853, 317 (descr. eggs). 



Teretistrufernandinss Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., iii, Nov., 1855, 475. — Bbewek, Proc. 

 Best. SocN. H , vii, 1860, 307.— Gbndlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326; 1872, 

 418; Eepert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 45; Birda 

 W. I., 1889, 59; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 129 (Cuba; Isle of Pines).— 

 Shabpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 368, pi. 12, fig. 1 (San Cristobal, Cuba). 



[Teretistris] femandinx Coey, LisfBirds W. I., 1885, 9. 



Teretristis femandinse Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 234 (Fermina, w. Cuba). 



[Teretristis} femandinse Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr. 1873, 11. 



[Icteria] femandinse Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5825. 



Helmithems blanda (not of Licbtenstein, flde Cabanis) Bonapaetb, Consp. Av., i, 

 Apr., 1850, 314 (Cuba). 



[6eothlypis]fernandinx'PAhMmL(^W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 217. 



TERETISTRIS FORNSI Gundlach. 

 FORNS' WARBXER. 



Adults (senses alike). — Upper parts, including pileum and hindneck, 

 plain gray,* becoming more brownish gray or smoke gray on rump and 

 upper tail-coverts; sides of head, chin, throat, chest, breast, and ante- 



' According to J. H. Riley. ° Four specimens. 



'Five specimens. * Between mouse gray and gray no. 6. 




650 BULLETIK 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



rior portion of sides, clear canary or light lemon yellow, the auricular 

 region slighty tinged with olive-green; a distinct orbital ring of rather 

 lighter yellow; abdomen white or yellowish white, the flanks and pos- 

 terior portion of sides olive-grayish; under tail-coverts light grayish; 

 axillars and under wing-coverts white, tinged with yellow; maxilla 

 dusky with paler tomia, mandible paler (light grayish blue in life?); 

 iris brown?; legs and feet grayish dusky (light grayish blue in life?). 



Adult male.— hexigth (skins), 118-125 (120.7); wing, 55-59.5 (56.5); 

 tail, 52-55 (53.2); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.4); tarsus, 18-20 (19); 

 middle toe, 12.^ 



Aduli female.— heugth (skins), 112-118 (115); wing, 56-58 (67); tail, 

 52-55 (53.5); exposed culmen, 12; tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.7); middle toe, 

 11-11.5 (11.2).^ 



Eastern Cuba. 



Teretistris fornd Gundlach, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1858, 274 (eastern 

 portion of Cuba); Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 326; 1862, 177; 1872, 418; Eepert. 

 Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236.— Albeecht Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 211.- 

 CoKY, Auk, iii, 1886, 45; Birds W. I., 1889, 59; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 

 119 (e. Cuba).— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit Myiarchuss. x, 1885, 368, pi. 12, flg. 2 

 (Monte Verde, Cuba). 



[Teretutris'] fornd Cohy, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. 



Teretistris fomsii Coey, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 129. 



Teretristis fomsii Baied, Eevlew A.m. Birds, 1865, 235 (Monte Verde, e. Cuba). 



[Teretristis'] fornsi ScLATEnand Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr. 1873 11. 



[Icleria] fomsii Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 384, no. 5826. 



[Oeothlypis'] fomn Palmee (W.), Auk, xvll, July, 1900, 217. 



Genus LEUCOPEZA Sclater. 



Leucopeza Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Jan. 4, 1876, 14. (Type, L. semperi 

 Sclater. ) 



Terrestrial or subterrestrial Mniotiltidae with bill nearly as long as 

 head; tarsus more than one-third as long as wing; tail much shorter 

 than wing, much rounded; coloration very plain — brownish gray 

 above, pale gray or grayish white beneath. 



Bill nearly as long as head, moderately slender, gradually tapering 

 both laterally and vertically, the culmen straight to near tip where 

 gradually and slightly decurved; maxillary tomium with subtemiinal 

 notch rather distinct. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing moderate; 

 eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest, ninth longer than third; 

 wing-tip about equal to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. Tail 

 shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, much 

 rounded (graduation less than length of gonys), the rectrices broad 

 and rather soft. Tarsus more than one-third as long as wing, much 

 longer than middle toe with claw; basal phalanx of middle toe united 

 for slightly more than half its length to outer toe, for slightly less 

 than half to inner toe. 



' Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 651 



Coloration. — Plain brownish gray above, grayish white beneath, 

 shading into light brownish gray latei-ally; sexes alike. 

 Nidification. — Unknown. 

 Range. — Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. (Monotypic.) 



LEUCOPEZA SEMPERI Sclater. 

 SEHFER'S WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Above uniform blackish slate, gradually fading 

 into pale gray (no. 7 to no. 9) on chin, throat, and chest, the breast 

 and abdomen still paler, or dull whitish, tinged with buff; sides and 

 flanks slate-gray; under tail-coverts mouse gray or smoke gray, more 

 or less tinged with brownish buffy; maxilla brownish black or dusky 

 brown, with paler tomia; mandible similar, but paler or browner; 

 iris brown;' legs and feet pale yellowish brown in dried skins (whitish 

 in life).' 



Immature.- Similar to adults, but more or less tinged or washed 

 with olive-brown on upper parts (at least on rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 and tail) and with brownish buff on lower parts. 



Adidt male.— L&ngih {skins), 135-140(137.5); wing, 67-71 (69); tail, 

 :2; exposed culmen, 16; tarsus, 22-25 (23.5); middle toe, 13-16(14.5).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 125-142(136); wing, 62-67(64.3); 

 tail, 49-63 (51.3); exposed culmen, 15-16 (15.3); tarsus, 22-23 (22.3); 

 middle toe, 14.' 



Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. 



Leucopeza semperi Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 14, pi. 2 (Santa Lucia, 

 W. I.; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1889, 395.— Lawrence, Ann. N.Y.Acad. Sci., 

 1878, 151.— Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166.— Cory, Auk., iii, 

 1886, 40; Birds W. I., 1889, 54; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 133.— Sharpe, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 228, 638.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 xii, 1889, 129 (Port Castries, Santa Lucia). 



[Leucopeza] semperi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. 



Genus MICROLIGEA Cory. 



Ligea (not of Dybowski, 1876) Cory, Auk, i, Jan., 1884, 1. (Type, L. palustris 



Cory.) 

 lAgia (emendation; not of Fabricius, 1798, nor Dupr6, 1829) Sharpe, Cat. Birds 



Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 349. 

 Myiarchuscroligea* Cory, Auk, i, July, 1884, 290. (Type, Ligea palustris Cory.) 



Medium sized terrestrial Mniotiltidse with the commissure shorter 

 than middle toe with claw but longer than middle toe without claw; 

 coloration very plain, the upper parts olive-green, becoming slate- 

 gray on pileum and hindneck, under parts pale gray laterally, whitish 

 medially. 



' H. Selwyn Branch, manuscript. 



' Two specimens. 



' Three specimens, two of them doubtfully determined. 



*"MyiarchusKpoi, AiyEia, in the sense of little wood-nymph." 




652 BULLETIN 50. XJNiTBD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Bill much shorter than head, slender-conoidal, gradually tapering to 

 the tip, the maxillary tomium with rather distinct subterminal notch. 

 Nostril small, in lower anterior portion of nasal fossae, narrowly oval 

 or subcuneate, overhung by broad membranous operculum. Rictal 

 bristles obvious but very weak and inconspicuous. Wing rather 

 short, nmch rounded (sixth primary longest, seventh and fifth but 

 little shorter, the ninth shorter than second); wing-tip about equal to 

 exposed culmen. Tail about as long as wing, decidedly rounded, the 

 rectrices narrow, with tips subacuminate. Tarsus more than one- 

 third as long as wing, its scutella rather distinct; middle toe with claw 

 decidedly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for 

 nearly its entire length to outer toe, for less than half its length to 

 inner toe. 



Coloration. — Plain olive-green above, the adult male with head and 

 neck slate-gray; beneath pale gray, becoming whitish medially. 



Nidijicidioii. — Unknown. 



Range. — Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) 



This genus comes nearest Geothlypis., from which it differs decidedly 

 in the relatively weaker feet (with middle toe, without claw, decidedly 

 shorter than the commissure instead of equal to it or longer), obvious 

 rictal bristles, and very dissimilar style of coloration. 



MICROLIGEA PALUSTRIS Cory. 



HAITIAN GROUKD WAKBIER. 



Adult male. — Pileum, hindneck, and extreme upper portion of back 

 plain slate-gray, the first rather darker and more bluish; rest of upper 

 parts plain bright olive-green; sides of head and under parts plain 

 light gray, deepest on auricular region, paler on throat (the chin 

 whitish), becoming white or grayish white on abdomen, the flanks 

 olive-gray or smoke gray; eyelids partly white; maxilla black, mandi- 

 ble paler (bluish gray or grayish blue in life?); legs and feet dusky 

 grayish or grayish horn color (in dried skins); length (skins) 143-143.5 

 (143.2); wing, 63.5-66 (64.7); tail, 60-62.2(61.1); exposed 'culmen, 13; 

 tarsus, 21.9-23 (22.4); middle toe, 12.9-13.' 



Adult female. — ^"In general appearance like the male, but differs 

 from it by under parts being tinged with olive, mixing with the gray, 

 and top of head green, showing the slate color faintly." (Cory.) 



Ligea palustris Cory, Auk, i, Jan., 1884, 1, pi. 1 (Santo Domingo; coll. 0. B. 

 Cory); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 38, pi. (4). 



lAgia palustris Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 349. 



Myiarchuscroligea palustris Cory, Auk, i, July, 1884, 290, in text; iii, 1886, 44; Birds W. I. , 

 1889,58; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 131, 156.— OHERRiE,Contr.Orn.San 

 Dom., 1896, 15 (Santo Domingo City and Honduras, Santo Domingo). 



IMyiarchuscroUgea] palustris Cory, Ligt Birds W. I., 1885, 9. 



lOeothlypis'] palustris Palmer (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 217. 



• Two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 653 



Genus GEOTHLYPIS Cabanis. 



Trichaa (not of Gloger, 1827) Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 167. (Type, 



T. personatus Swainson,^TMyiarchusd«s trichas Linnaeus. ) 

 Oeothlypis'^ Oabanis, Wiegmann's Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1847, i, 316, 349. (Type, 



Turdus trichas Linnfeus. ) 



Kather small terrestrial Mniotiltidse with the middle toe, without 

 claw, equal to or longer than the commissure, the rictal bristles obso- 

 lete, wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen, ninth primary shorter than 

 sixth, the under parts at least partly yellow, upper parts olive-green, 

 and the fore-head and sides of head, in part at least, black in adult 

 males. 



Bill decidedly (usually much) shorter than head, narrowly conoidal, 

 gradually tapering to the tip, the maxillary tomium with subterminal 

 notch present but indistinct; culmen straight, or nearly so, to near tip, 

 where very slightly decurved. Nostril small, in lower anterior portion 

 of nasal fossae, longitudinally oval or subcuneate, overhung by a rather 

 broad membranous operculum. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather 

 short, much rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter 

 than sixth, sometimes shorter than first) ; wing -tip shorter than exposed 

 culmen. Tail variable in relative length, never conspicuously shorter 

 than wing, usually nearly the same length, rarely (in G. nelsoni only) 

 decidedly longer; much rounded (sometimes almost gi'aduated), the 

 rectrices subacuminate at tips. Tarsus decidedly more than one-third 

 as long as wing, its scutella distinct; middle toe with claw shorter 

 than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length 

 to outer toe, separated for most of its length from inner toe. 



Coloration. — Above olive-greenish, beneath at least partly, some- 

 times wholly, yellow; adult males with forehead and at least part of 

 sides of head black. 



Mdification. — Terrestrial. 



Range.— The, whole of temperate North America and continental 

 tropical America; Bahamas, and (in winter) Cuba, Porto Rico, Haiti, 

 and Jamaica. 



In only one species, O. nelsoni, is the tail much longer than the wing; 

 in all the others it is either shorter (often decidedly so) or of about equal 

 length. G. semiflava, G. speciosa, and G. nelsoni have the outermost 

 (ninth) primary shorter, or at least not longer than the first; in all the 

 others it is longei-., usually longer than the third. The adult males of 

 all the North and Myiarchusddle American forms, as well as the South Amer- 

 ican (Ecuadorean) form of O. semiflava, have the malar region black, 

 thus forming part of the black "mask;" in the two exclusively South 

 American species ( G. velata and G. cequinoctialis) the malar region is 

 yellow, like the under parts; they further diiler from all the others in 



I'T'ea, Erde; BXvTCig, nom. prop." 




654 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



having the black on the forehead very narrow and that of the auricular 

 region more restricted. Both of these species, however, have the 

 outermost primary longer than the second (sometimes longer than the 

 fourth), and the tail shorter than the wing, though longer than the lat- 

 ter from the bend to the tips of the secondaries. 



The geographic variations in G. trichas are difficult to understand 

 satisfactorily, largely from lack of necessary material. Most of the 

 specimens contained in collections were taken during the seasons of 

 migration, and therefore it is in many cases impossible to determine 

 whether certain specimens would have remained to breed in the locali- 

 ties where they were secured, specimens which would undoubtedly pass 

 farther northward to their summer home often lingering in a more 

 southern locality until the birds there resident have commenced to 

 breed. The chief difficulty is with the birds of this species in the 

 Pacific coast district, where four subspecies have been supposed to 

 occur, three of which 1 have been able to verify, but in the case of one 

 only have been able to determine with any degree of accuracy the 

 breeding range. Some of the geographic forms of the species are 

 very strongly marked subspecies, while others are very slightly differ- 

 entiated; in fact they might more properly be termed "subraces" than 

 subspecies, and would, in the case of two of them at least, hardly be 

 worth recognizing by name were not their respective ranges separated 

 by many hundreds of miles, the intervening territory being occupied 

 by a form which, instead of being intermediate in its character, is more 

 different from either of the forms on opposite sides than these are 

 from one another. With the exception of these extreme western 

 forms, of which only two are strongly characterized, the extent and 

 character of geographic variation is very evident when a sufficient 

 series of specimens representing all parts of the very extensive area 

 inhabited by the species is examined, especially when those taken dur- 

 ing migration are eliminated. Altogether 1 have been able to diag 

 nose, more or less satisfactorily, eight forms, whose principal charac- 

 ters and ranges, so far as the material examined enables me to deter- 

 mine them, are as follows: 



(1) G. trichas triclms. (Type locality, Myiarchusryland.)— Characterized 

 by smallest size (with one exception among the Pacific coast forms'), 

 the adult male nearly always with the under parts of the body exten- 

 sively pale buffy or buffy whitish, the yellow being confined to the 

 throat, chest, breast, and under tail-coverts, and the upper parts of a 

 duller, more grayish, olive-green. The bi'eeding range of this form 

 comprises the States of Virginia (except the southern coast district) 

 and Myiarchusryland, the more southern portions of Pennsylvania, and the 

 District of Columbia; probably also Delaware and southern New Jer- 

 sey, and the upland districts of the Carolinas. The only extralimital 



' G. t. sinuosa, confined to the salt marshes skirting San Francisco Bay. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 655 



specimens that I have seen which seem without doubt referable to this 

 form are from certain islands of the Bahama group. 



(2) Oeothhypis tricJms ignota. — This is the southern -coast form, whose 

 breeding range extends from the Dismal Swamp, in southeastern Vir- 

 ginia, to Cape Florida, and westward along the Gulf coast at least to 

 Louisiana, probably to eastern Texas. This is much the darkest of all, 

 has the wing more rounded, and is the only one in which the length of 

 the tail is nearly (sometimes quite) equal to that of the wing. 



(3) OeoMypis trichas hrachidactyla. — The northern and trans- 

 Alleghenian form, somewhat intermediate in coloration between G. t. 

 trichas and G. t. ignota, but clearly distinct from either. With about 

 the same size as Q. t. ignota, but with the tail relatively much shorter, 

 it is otherwise more like O. t. trichas, but has the under parts mostly 

 yellow and the upper parts a more decided olive-green. The alleged 

 difference in the wing-formula between this subspecies' and G. t. 

 trichasl have not been able to verify. This form is first met with as 

 a probable or possible summer resident in northern New Jersey and 

 on Long Island, whence it extends northward, to the exclusion of G. 

 t. trichas, and from the New England States and maritime British 

 Provinces westward to eastern North Dakota, and thence southward 

 throughout the Myiarchusssissippi Valley, east of the Great Plains, breeding 

 over the whole of this extensive area, and migrating southward through 

 eastern Mexico and Central America as far as Costa Rica, as well as 

 through the exclusive summer habitat of G. t. trichas, along the Atlan- 

 tic seaboard, to certain of the West Indies and other islands of the 

 Caribbean Sea. 



(4) Geothh/pis trichas occidentalis. — The arid region form, which 

 agrees in size, brighter olives-green of upper parts, and greater exten- 

 sion of yellow on the under surface with G. t. hrachidactyla, but differs 

 from that, as well as from the other two eastern forms, in having the 

 post-facial band white instead of light gray, and the yellow of the under 

 parts of a warmer or more orange hue. The range of this well-marked 

 subspecies begins at the western limit of that of G. t. hrachidactyla 

 (somewhere about the middle of the Great Plains) and extends west- 

 ward to the Pacific coast in southern California and northern Lower 

 California, and from the northern boundary of the United States to 

 northern Mexico. I am unable to trace it farther southward in winter 

 than Cape St. Lucas and the State of Sinaloa in western Mexico. 



(5) Geothlypis trichas arisela. — The Pacific coast form, replacing 

 G. t. occidentalis from Los Angeles County, California, to British 

 Columbia. - Very similar to G. t. occidentalis in coloration, but with 

 the bill much smaller (exposed culmen very rarely 11 mm. , the mini- 

 mum length in G. t. occidentalis), the whitish post-facial band averag- 

 ing narrower, and the general coloration less intensified. This form 



'See William Palmer, Auk, xvii, 1900, 226, 227. 




656 BULLETIN 50. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



extends in winter to Cape St. Lucas, but is mainly resident, at least 

 in the more southern parts of its range. 



(6) Geothlyph tri^has sinuosa. — A small form (slightly smaller even 

 than G. t. trichas), apparently confined to the salt marshes about San 

 Francisco Bay. The coloration is essentially identical with that of 

 G. t. arizela, but slightly darker, especially on the upper parts and 

 flanks. 



(7) Geothlypis trichas modesta.— The resident form of western Mex- 

 ico (States of Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Colima and Territory of Tepic'). 

 This form is practically identical with G. t. a/rizda in coloration and 

 general dimensions, but has the bill much larger (about the same size 

 as in G. t. occidentaKs), and would hardly be recognized by name were 

 it not for the fact that it has a definite range far removed from that 

 of G. t. arisela, the much more brightly colored G. t. occidentalis com- 

 ing between the two. 



(8) Geothlypis trichas melanops. — This is the subspecies of eastern 

 Mexico, and is evidently an oilshoot from G. t. occidentalis, from which 

 it differs in larger size, in having the under parts entirely rich yellow, 

 and the white post-facial band broader and somewhat tinged with yel- 

 low on its lateral branches. Some specimens from Chihuahua, north 

 ern Mexico, are clearly intermediate between this very strongly marked 

 subspecies and G. t. occidentalis. 



Geothlypis heldingi, of the Cape St. Lucas district, and the several 

 forms peculiar to the Bahama Islands are evidently derived from the 

 same "original stock" as the forms of G. trichas, but being no longer 

 connected by intermediates may be considered specifically distinct. 

 All these are much larger than any of the G. trichas group. G. hddingi 

 has the post-facial band entirely yellow, a character shared by a much 

 smaller species of eastern Mexico {G. flavovelatd), two of the Bahama 

 forms ( G. coryi and G. flamida) having this marking also yellow except 

 across the crown, being thus intermediate so far as this character is 

 concerned, the other Bahama forma having the post- facial band gray 

 or grayish white, as in the G. trichas group. 



The Bahaman insular forms present a puzzling problem, which can 

 not be solved until many more specimens have been secured, especially 

 from the islands of Great Bahama," Abaco, Andros, and Eleuthera. 

 Three easily recognizable forms unquestionably inhabit the small 

 island of New Providence, while two are certainly inhabitants of 

 Abaco; therefore they can not be subspecies of one form. One of 

 the three New Providence forms ( G. rostrata) is very different from 

 any inhabiting the other islands; the other two' resemble, respectively, 



'A specimen (female) from Tehuacan, Pueblo, is doubtfully referred to the same 

 form; also one from Ortiz, Sonora. 



* I have not been able to examine a specimen from the island of Great Bahama. 



' These second and third New Providence forms are O.flavida, representing G. coryi, 

 and O. maynardi, representing G. tamieri. 




BIRDS OP NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 657 



that found on Eleuthera {G. coryi) and one of those found on Abaco 

 (6*. tanneri), but are nevertheless recognizably different. That found 

 on Andros (6^. exigua) resembles the second Abaco form {G. mcompta) 

 but is smaller. ' 



Were each of these seven insular forms peculiar to a separate island 

 they might easily be considered local subspecies of one specific type; 

 but the fact that three of them inhabit a single small island and are 

 said to have very distinct habitats and notes, while two others inhabit 

 another island, renders such a view of their relationship untenable. 

 For the present, or until we know more about these puzzling Bahama 

 forms, probably the safest course would be to consider them all as 

 distinct species; at the same time their characters suggest that theii- 

 status might perhaps be more correctly indicated by the following 

 nomenclature: 



1. Geoikh/pis rostrata. New Providence. 



2. Geothlypis tanneri tanneri. Abaco. 



3. Geothlypis tanneri maynardi. New Providence. 



4. Geothlypis incompta incompta. Abaco. 



5. Geothlypis incompta exigua. Andros. 



6. Geothlypis coryi coryi. Eleuthera. 



7. Geothlypis cm^i flavida. New Providence. 



Whatever .the facts may be, however, the case is an excellent illustra- 

 tion of the difficulties in the way of determining the rank of insular 

 forms, and should be carefully considered by those who would apply 

 the same criteria to insular as to continental forms. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP GEOTHLYPIS. 



a. Forehead and sides of head (loral, orbital, auricular, and malar regions') black. 

 (Adult males. ) 

 h. Tail not much, if any, longer than wing (usually decidedly shorter) . 

 c. A distinct light gray, whitish, or yellow space immediately behind the black 

 "mask;" outermost (ninth) primary longer than first. 

 d. Band across crown (immediately behind black frontal patch) gray or white, 

 sometimes tinged with yellow, but never clear yellow; feathers of crown 

 and occiput gray beneath surface, 

 e. Smaller (wing not exceeding 60, usually much less, or else culmen less 

 than 12). (Continental forms: Geothlypis irichas.) 

 /. Post-facial space gray. ( Eastern forms. ) 



g. Coloration paler, the back, etc., light grayish olive-green, the crown, 

 (except anteriorly) and occiput grayish brown or olive, the flanks 

 light buffy grayish or brownish; wing more pointed, the outer- 

 most (ninth) primary usually equal to or longer than fourth; tail 

 relatively shortei, usually decidedly shorter than wing. 



In the two exclusively South American species, G. velata and G. sequinoclialis, the 

 malar region is yellow, like the under parts. 



3654— VOL 2- 01 42 




658 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



h. Smaller (wing averting 52.9, tail 49.3, exposed culmen 10.5); 

 paler, with yellow of under parts usually confined to throat, chest, 

 breast and under tail-coverts, the back, etc. , more grayish. (Myiarchusd- 

 dle portion of Atlantic coast district; Bahamas in winter.) 



Geothlypis trichas trichas, adult male (p. 661) 

 hh. Larger (wing averaging 55.1, tail 49.2, exposed culmen 11.4); 

 deeper colored, the yellow of under parts usually covering moat 

 of the under surface, the back, etc., more decided olive-green. 

 (Northern New Jersey, Long Island, New England States and 

 maritime British Provinces westward to eastern North Dakota 

 and Myiarchusnitoba, and southward through Myiarchusssissippi Valley, east 

 of the Great Plains; in winter to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, 

 Porto Rico, and Swan Island, and through eastern Mexico and 

 Central America to Costa Rica. ) 



Geothlypis triclias brachidaotyla, adult male (p. 664) 

 gg. Coloration darker, the back, etc., deep olive-green, the crown 

 (except anteriorly) and occiput olive-brown, the flanks deep buffy 

 olive; wing more rounded, the outermost (ninth) primary usually 

 shorter than second; tail relatively longer, nearly (sometimes 

 quite) equal in length to wing. (Southern coast district of eastern 

 United States, from southeastern Virginia to Florida and eastern 



Texas. ) Geothlypis trichas ignota, adult male (p. 667) 



ff. Post-facial band white or grayish white. (Western forms.) 



g. Under parts of body partly buffy whitish, at least the lower abdo- 

 men; smaller (wing and tail averaging less than 60). 

 h. Larger (wing averaging more than 55, tail more than 50) ; color of 

 upper parts and flanks paler. 

 i. Larger (wing averaging 57.5, tail 55.8); coloration brighter, with 

 yellow of under parts usually more orange. ( Western United 

 States, from western portion of Great Plains to southern Cali- 

 fornia, northern Lower California, and northern Mexico. ) 



Geothlypis trichas occidentalis, adult male (p. 668) 



M. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 55.8, tail 52.6 or less); 



coloration duller, with yellow of under parts usually less 



orange. 



jj. Bill much smaller (exposed culmen rarely 11, averaging 10.3). 



(Pacific coast district, from southern California to British 



Columbia. ) Geothlypis trichas arizela, adult male (p. 670) 



j. Bill much larger (exposed culmen more than 11, averaging 

 11.4). (Western Mexico.) 



Geothlypis trichas modesta, adult male (p. 672) 

 hh. Smaller (wing averaging 52.6, tail 48.3) ; color of upper parts and 

 flanks darker. (Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay.) 



Geothlypis trichas sinnosa, adult male (p. 672) 

 gg. Under parts entirely bright yellow; larger (wing averaging 61.2, 

 tail 60.2). (Southeastern and central Mexico.) 



Geothlypis trichas melanops, adult male (p. 673) 



ee. Larger (wing exceeding 60, exposed culmen not less than 14). (Bahama 



forms: Oeolhlypis roslrata and allies.) 



/. Post-facial band pale gray or grayish white; back, etc., duller, more 



grayish, olive-green; crown more extensively gray; yellow of under 



parts paler and duller. 



g. Larger (wing averaging 62.4, tail 58.2, tarsus 22.8); crown more 



extensively and clearlygray. (New Providence Island, Bahamas.) 



Geothlypis rostrata, adult male (p. 674) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 659 



gg. Smaller (wing averaging less than 62, tail 56, tarsus less than 22); 

 gray of crown duller and more restricted. 

 h. Wing larger (averaging 61), bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 

 15.7); yellow of under parts duller, the back, etc., more grayish 

 olive-green. (Abaco Island, Bahamas.) 



Geothlypis incompta, adult male (p. 677) 

 hh. Wing shorter (59), bill smaller (exposed culmen 15) ; yellow of 

 under parts brighter, the back, etc., more decided olive-green. 

 (Andros Island, Bahamas.) 



Geothlypis exigna, adult male (p. 677) 

 ff. Post-facial band yellow (except across crown) or tinged with yellow; 

 back, etc., brighter olive-green; crown with gray more restricted or 

 else tinged with yellow or olive-green; yellow of under parts deeper 

 and brighter. 

 g. Band across crown gray, without yellow tinge; supra-auricular region 

 more faintly yellow. 

 /(. Band across crown darker or duller gray; back darker olive-green; 

 yellow of under parts less intense; wing and tail longer (wing 67.3, 

 tail 61). (Abaco island, Bahamas; Great Bahama island?) 



Geothlypis tanueri, adult male (p. 676) 



hh. Band across forehead paler or purer gray; back more yellowish 



olive-green; yellow of under parts more intense; vving and tail 



shorter (wing averting 64.8, tail 59.7). (New Providence 



island, Bahamas.) Geothlypis mayuardi, adult male (p. 676) 



gg. Band across crown yellowish gray; supra-auricular region clear 

 yellow. 

 hh. Smaller, with larger bill (wing averaging 62.5, tail 58.7, exposed 

 culmen 16.2); black of forehead narrower; back, etc., clearer 

 olive-green. ( Eleuthera island, Bahamas. 



Geothlypis coryi, adult male (p. 677) 

 h. Larger, with smaller bill (wing averaging 66.1, tail 61.2, exposed 

 culmen 14.7); black of forehead broader, and color of back, etc., 

 more golden olive-green. (New Providence island, Bahamas.) 

 Geothlypis flavida, adult male (p. 678) 

 dd. Band across crown (immediately behind black frontal patch) clear yel- 

 low; feathers of crown and occiput yellowish beneath surface (crown 

 and occiput wholly yellow in one species. ) 

 e. Larger (wing and tail more than 61, tarsus 22.9 or more). (Cape St. 

 Lucas district. Lower California.) .Geothlypis beldingi, adult male (p. 679) 

 ee. Smaller (wing less than 56, tail less than 55, tarsus less than 22) . 

 /. Hinder crown, occiput, and hindneck brownish olive; bill smaller 

 (exposed culmen 12). (Southern Tamauhpas, eastern Mexico.) 



Geothlypis flavovelata, adult male (p. 680) 

 /. Whole crown and occiput yellow; bill larger (exposed culmen 14). 

 (Southern Tamaulipas, eastern Mexico. ) 



Geothlypis flavioeps, adult male (p. 680) 

 c. No gray, white, nor yellow behind the black "mask;" outermost (ninth) 



primary not longer than first (except in G. chiriquenm?^) 

 d. Black of forehead not extending to crown; crown and occiput gray. (Chi- 



riqui.) Geothlypis ohiriquensis, adult male (p. 681) 



dd. Black of forehead extending at least to middle of crown; hinder crown 

 and occiput olive-green or black. 



' This species I have not been able to examine. 




660 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



e. Hinder crown and occiput olive-green; back, etc., bright yellowish olive- 

 green; beneath bright lemon yellow, the sides and flanks olive-green; ' 

 tail less than 50; bill stouter, the exposed culmen 13-14. (Southern 

 Honduras to Costa Rica.) 



Geotlilypis semiflava bairdi, adult male (p. 682) 

 e«. Whole pileum black; back, etc., brownish olive-green; beneath saffron 

 yellow, the sides and flanks brownish; tail more than 55; bill more 

 slender, the exposed culmen 12-12.7. (Southeastern Mexico.) 



Geothlypis speoiosa, adult male (p. 683) 

 bb. Tail much longer than wing, 

 c. Post-facial region more or less gray; bill larger (exposed culmen 11-11.5). 

 (States of Vera Cruz and Puebla, southeastern Mexico. ) 



Geothlypis nelsoni nelsoni, adult male (p. 685) 

 cc. Post-facial region olive-green, like rest of upper parta, or but slightly tinged 

 with gray; bill smaller (exposed culmen 10). (State of Hidalgo, south- 

 eastern Mexico. ) Geothlypis nelsoni miororhyncha, adult male (p. 685) 



an.. No black on head. (Adult females and young. ) 



6. Tail not longer than wing (usually decidedly shorter), 

 c. Back, etc., clear olive-green, yellowish olive-green, or grayish olive-green; 

 sides and flanks not. reddish brown; yellow of under parta not of a fulvoas 

 or ochraceous hue. 

 d. Sides and flanks not olive-green. 

 e. Forehead and superciliary region not yellow; if tinged with yellow the 

 color not strongly nor abruptly contrasted with the olive, olive- 

 greenish, or brownish of crown and occiput; under parts not saffron 

 yellow. 

 /. Smaller (wing less than 57 or else exposed culmen less than 12.9— 

 usually less than 55 and 12, respectively). 

 g. Under part partly buffy whitish; smaller (wing and tail less than 55). 

 h. Smaller (wing averaging less than 50, exposed culmen averaging 

 not more than 10). 

 i. Paler; wing averaging 49.7, tail 46.9, exposed culmen 9.7, tarsus 



19.7 Geothlypis trichas trichas, adult female (p. 662) 



a. Darker; wing 48, tail 43, exposed culmen 10, tarsus 19. 



Geothlypis trichas sinuosa, adult female (p. 67?) 

 hh. Larger (wing averaging more than 51, exposed culmen more 

 than 10). 

 i. Darker olive above and on flanks; tail relatively longer and bill 

 larger; wing averaging 52.3, tail 50.5, exposed culmen 11. 



Geothlypis trichas ignota, adult female (p. 667) 

 ii. Paler olive or olive-greenish above and on flanks; tail relatively 

 shorter and bill smaller. 

 j. More decidedly olive-greenish above. 



k. Smaller (averaging wing 51.7, tail 46.8, exposed culmen 10.7, 

 tarsus 19.9). 



Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, adult female (p. 664) 

 kk. Larger (averaging wing 53.4, tail 50.8, exposed culmen 10.9, 

 tarsus 20.3). 



Oeothl3rpis trichas occidentalis, adult female (p. 669) 

 i;. Duller, more grayish, olive-green above. 



k. Wing averaging 51.9, tail 48.9, exposed culmen 10, tarsus 



20.1 Geothlypis trichas arizela, adult female (p. 670) 



kk. Wing averaging 52, tail 48.2, exposed culmen 10.3, tarsus 

 19.5 Geothlypis trichas modesta, adult female (p. 672) 




BIRBS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 661 



gg. Under parts entirely yellow; larger (wing and tail more than 55). 

 Geothlypis trichas melanops, adult female (p. 673) 

 ff. Lai^er (wing more than 57, exposed culmen not less than 12.9, usually 

 much more). 

 g. Bill smaller (exposed culmen 12.9-13.7). 



Geothlypis beldingi, adult female (p. 679) 

 gg. Bill larger (exposed culmen 14.5-15.5). 



/(. Under parts with more or less of whitish on abdominal region; fore- 

 head and superciliary region very slightly if at all tinged with 

 yellow. 

 i. Throat and chest pale dull yellow, or pale dull huffy tinged 

 with yellow; back, etc., olive-gray. 



Geothlypis rostrata, adult female (p. 675) 

 ii. Throat and chest bright yellow; back, etc., grayish olive-greeii. 

 j. Wing and tail longer, bill smaller (wing averaging 61.5, tail 

 56.9, exposed culmen 14.5); upper parts lighter olive-green, 

 the forehead and superciliary stripe grayish, not tinged with 

 yellow. Geothlypis maynardi, adult female (p. 676) 



jj. Wing and tail shorter, bill larger (wing 58.9, tail 55.9, ex- 

 posed culmen 15.2); upper parts darker olive-green, the 

 forehead and superciliary region tinged with yellow. 



Geothlypis tanneri, adult female (p. 676) 

 hh. Under parts entirely yellow; forehead and superciliary region 

 strongly tinged with yellow. 



Geothlypis coryi, adult female (p. 678) 

 ee. Forehead and superciliary region dull yellow, strongly and abruptly con- 

 tracted with olive of crown and occiput; under parts saffron yellow. 

 Geothlypis flaviceps, adult female (p. 681) 

 dd. Sides and flanks deep olive-green, like upper parts. 



Geothlypis semiflava bairdi, adult female (p. 683) 

 cc. Back, etc., brownish olive-green; sides and flanks reddish brown; under 

 parts ochraceous- or fulvous- yellow. 



Geothlypis speciosa, adult female^ (p. 684) 

 bb. Tail decidedly longer than wing. 



Geothlypis nelsoni nelsoni, adult female' (p. 685) 

 Geothlypis nelsoni microrhyncha, adult female.' 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS TRICHAS (Linnaeus). 

 MARYLAITD YELLOW-THROAT. 



Adult male in spring mid summer. — Forehead (broadly, or to and 

 sometimes including anterior portion of crown) with loral, orbital, 

 suborbital, malar, and auricular regions uniform black, forming a con- 

 spicuous "mask," this margined posteriorly by a band of light ash gray 

 of variable width, sometimes narrow and abruptly defined posteriorly, 

 sometimes covering whole of crown: rest of upper parts plain dull 

 grayish olive-green, the occiput and hinder part of crown more or less 

 strongly tinged with brown; chin, throat, and chest (sometimes breast 

 also) lemon or canary yellow; under tail-coverts paler yellow; rest of 

 under parts pale buffy or dull buflfy whitish, becoming light buffy 



'Adult females of G. speciosa, G. mlsoni (both subspecies), G. trichas melanops, 

 Cr.flavovelMyiarchus, G. incompta, O. exigua, and G. flavida not seen by me. 




662 BULLETIN 60, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEtTM. 



grayish brown on sides and flanks; edge of wing yellow; bill black; 

 iris brown; legs and feet light brown (in dried skins). 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Similar in coloration to spring 

 or summer specimens, but hinder crown and occiput decidedly brown, 

 olive-green of back, etc., clearer (less grayish), and bill much lighter 

 in color, the mandible pale brownish (flesh colored or lilaceous in life?), 

 darker terminally, the maxilla dark brown or dusky with paler tomia. 



Adidt female in apring and summer. — Head without any black or 

 gray; pileum grayish olive, the forehead or anterior portion of crown 

 (sometimes both) more or less strongly tinged with cinnamon-brown; 

 sides of head similar in color to pileum, but paler, especially on super- 

 ciliary and orbital regions; otherwise similar in coloration to the adult 

 male, but j^ellow of under parts paler and duller, sometimes distinct 

 only on under tail-coverts. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to spring and summer 

 specimens, but plumage softer and colors slightly deeper. 



Youiuj male in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult male 

 of corresponding season, but black "mask" only partially developed 

 the pileum entirely olive-brown (or with admixture of black feathers 

 on forehead), no graj' on head, and colors generally duller, more 

 suffused. 



Young female in first autumn and 'lointer. — Similar to the adult 

 female of corresponding season, but under parts pale dull buffy, or 

 pale maize yellow (without any clear 3'-ellow), becoming brownish on 

 sides and flanks. 



Young, first plumnge {sexes alike). — Above plain brownish olive, 

 becoming more olive-greenish on remiges and rectrices; middle and 

 greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with pale buff'y brown ©r 

 cinnamon; throat, chest, sides, and flanks pale buffy olive, the last 

 tinged with cinnamon; rest of under parts pale buffy yellowish. 



Adult waZe.— Length (skins), 104-120 (111); wing, 49-56.5 (52.9); 

 tail, 45-52.5 (49.3); exposed culmen, 9.5-12 (10.5); tarsus, 19.5-21 

 (20.1); middle toe, 12.5-14 (12.9).' 



Adult female.— L,ength (skins), 102-112 (108.6); wing, 46-53.5 (49.7); 

 tail, 42-50 (46.9); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.7); tarsus, 19-20.5 (19.7); 

 middle toe, 12-13 (12.5).' 



Atlantic coast district of United States; breeding in Virginia, Dis- 

 trict of Columbia, Myiarchusryland, and southern Pennsylvania (Carlisle)— 

 probably also in Delaware and southern New Jersey and in upland 

 portions of the Carolinas and Georgia;" accidental in southwestern 

 Indiana (Wheatland, Knox County, one specimen, Myiarchusy 5, 1885); south 

 in winter to Bahamas (Eleuthera, Abaco, New Providence, Watlings, 

 Concepcion, Rum Cay, Green Cay, and Cat islands). 



' Forty-two specimens. 



^ Nine speciniensi, from District of Columbia. 



'SoutVicrn limit of breeding range not determined. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 663 



[Turdiis] trichas LinnjEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 293 (Myiarchusryland; based on 

 Myiarchusryland Yellow-throat, Myiarchusadcapa Myiarchusrilandica, gutture luteo, Edwards, Glean- 

 ings Nat. Hist., V, 56, pi. 237; Figuier de Myiarchusriland, Ficedula marilandica, 

 Brisson, Orn., iii, 506). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 811. 



Tardus trichas Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 418. 



[iSylvia'] trichas Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 519. 



Sylvia trichas Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 28, pis. 85, 86; Nouv. Diet. 

 d'Hist. Nat, xi, 1817, 229; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 443.— Stephens, Shaw's 

 Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 682.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 84.— Nut- 

 tall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 401. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 

 121, pi. 23; V, 1839, 463. 



GleotKlypii\ trichas Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 16. — Goues, Key N.Am. Birds, 

 2d ed., 1884, 310. 



Oeothlypis trichas Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 170, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 220, part.- Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1872, 149, part (monogr.).— Coubs, Check List, 1873, no. 97, part; 2d 

 ed., 1882, no. 141, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 

 309, part. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, 

 part, pi. 15, flgs. 7, 8. — Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 72, part; Auk, iii, 

 1886, 44, part (West Indian references); Birds W. I., 1889, 58, part (do.); 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119, part (Eleuthera, Abaco, New Providence, San 

 Salvador, Concepcion, Watlings, Rum Cay, and Green Cay islands, Baha- 

 mas). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 122, part; Orn. Illinois, i, 

 1889, 167, part (in synonymy). — Sharpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 

 351, part, pi. 9, fig. 1.— Beckham, Auk, iii, 1886, 279-281 (plumages).— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 681, part. — Nehr- 

 ling, ®ur Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 254, part. 



[Geothlypis'] trichas Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 18V2, 107, part. — Sclater and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 



G[eothlypis'] trichas Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part. 



[Motacilla Atrichias Turton, Syst. Nat., i, 1800, 590. 



[Geothlypis trichas'] a. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. 



Geothlypis trichas var. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part. 



[Geothlypis trichas] var. trichas Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway's Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. 



[Geothlypis trichas] A. trichas Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 167 (synonymy). 



GeaMypis trichas trichas O'a'EKKOi.sxR, Auk, xvi, July, 1899, 258. — Palmer (W.), 

 Auk, xvii, 1900, 220 (crit.). 



G[eothlypis] trichas trichas Palmer (W.), Auk, xviii, 1901, 197, in text. 



Sylvia marilandica Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 88, pi. 6, fig. 1; ii, 1809, 163, pi. 18, 

 fig. 4 (female) . 



S[ylma] marylandica Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 186. 



THchas marylandica Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, 

 part— (?) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas).— 

 (7) Albrecht^ Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 52 (Bahamas). 



Trichas marilandica Bonaparte, Geog. and Oomp. List, 1838, 20. — Audubon, 

 Synopsis, 1839, 65, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 78, part, pi. 102.— 

 Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 109 (New Providence, Bahamas, 

 Apr., Myiarchusy). 



[Trichas] marilandica Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310, part.— Gray, Hand- 

 list, i. 1869, 242, no. 3503, part 



Tr[iehas] marilandica Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fur Orn., 1858, 118, part (Penn- 

 sylvania). 



T[richas] marilandicus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 197. 



(?) Regulus? mystaceus Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiii, pt. 2, 1826, 232. 




664 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Trichas personatm> Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 433, part; Zool. 

 Journ., iii, 1827, 167; Isis, 1830, 1153; 1834, 785; Olassif. Birds, 11,1837, 247.- 

 Jaedine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 88, 303, part. 



The following references I am unable, in the absence of specimens 

 from the localities cited, to properly allocate: 



Oeolhlypis trichas Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forli. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 

 (Porto Rico).— GuNDLACH, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Na,t., vii, 1878, 187 (Porto 

 Eico).— Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and 

 San Dom., 1885, 36; Auk, vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman); viii, 1891, 352 

 (Anguilla and Cay Sal, Bahamas, Myiarchusy); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119, part 

 (Great Bahama, Biminis, Berry, Andres, Great Inagua, Cay Sal and 

 Anguilla islands, Bahamas; Isle of Pines; Grand Cayman; Haiti; Porto 

 Eico). — NoRTHEOP, Auk, viii, 1891, 69 (Andros I., Bahamas).— Chekbie, 

 Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 12 (Santo Domingo, Feb. 2 to Myiarchusy 8). 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS BRACHIDACTYLA (Swainson). 

 NOETHERN YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. t. trichas, but averaging larger; adult male with under 

 parts more extensively yellow (often almost wholly yellow) and upper 

 parts more decidedly olive-green; adult female usually with the yellow 

 of under parts brighter and more extended than that of G. t. trichas^. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 105-133 (112.4); wing, 51.5-59 (55.1); 

 tail, 44-56 (49.2); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11.4); tarsus, 18.5-22 (20.6); 

 middle toe, 12-14.5 (13. 7)^ 



Adult female.— hQngth (skins), 105-121 (111.3); wing, 48-54.5 (51.7); 

 tail, 45-60 (46.8); exposed culmen, 10-11.5 (10.7); tarsus, 19-21.6 

 (19.9); middle toe, 12-14 (12. 8)^ 



^Not named as a new species, but a new specific name given to the old species, 

 because the name Trichas was used for a supposedly new genus. 



^ The adult females of both forms vary greatly in the amount or extent of yellow 

 on the under parts. 



' Sixty-five specimens. 



* Twenty-six specimens. 



Specimens from different localities or geographic areas average respectively as 

 follows: 




BIKD8 OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 665 



J^ortheastern United States and southeastern British Provinces, from 

 Newfoundland/ southern Labrador (Natashquan), Quebec (Point de 

 Monts), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, the New England States, Long 

 Island, New York, and northern New Jersey (Englewood, Hoboken, 

 etc.), westward to northern Ontario (Parry Sound, Myiarchusskoka, etc.), 

 Myiarchuschigan, Wisconsin, Myiarchusnnesota, and eastern North Dakota (Pembina, 

 Fort Rice, etc.), and southward through Myiarchusssissippi Valley to upland 

 districts of the Gulf States (?), and east-central Texas; in winter, 

 Bahamas (Eleuthera, New Providence, Abaco, Salt Key, and Rum Cay 

 islands, and Hog Island), Cuba (Remedies, Monte Verde, Palmarito, 

 etc.), Jamaica, Porto Rico (?), Swan Island (Caribbean Sea), and 

 through eastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Tlax- 

 cala (Apixaco), Guanajuato (Morelia), Tabasco, and Yucatan, to Guate- 

 mala, Nicaragua (San Carlos; Los Sabalos; Sucuya), and Costa Rica 

 (Rio Frio; San Jos^; Cartago); whole United States east of the Great 

 Plains during migration. 



SyMyiarchus trichas (not Twrdu's trichas Linnaeus) Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 

 i, 1832,401, part.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 121, part; v, 1839, 463, part. 



Oeoihlypis trichas Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 170, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 220, part. — Sclatek, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1861, 70 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27, part 

 (Jamaica; Tobago ?). — Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 84 (Costa Rica). — 

 ScLATEE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 373 (Toton- 

 tepec, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27, part (Guatemala). — Vebeill, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ix, 1862, 137 (Anticosti I.) — Albeeoht, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1862, 192 ( Jamaica) .—Myiarchusech, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Piiila., 1863, 293 

 (Jamaica). — MyiarchusIlweaith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 85 (Hamilton, Onta- 

 rio).— La weencb, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 94 (Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 

 (Yucatan). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (Costa Rica). — Sclatek 

 and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Duenas, Guatemala, winter); Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 149, part 

 (monogr.)— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 97, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 141, 

 part; Birds N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 309, part.— Baibd, 

 Beewek, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part. — Bewster, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 62 (Upton, JMCaine; descr. young); Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883^ 371 (Anticosti I., July) . — Boucaed, Proc. 

 Zool. Lond., 1878, 52 (San Jos6 and Cartago, Costa Rica, Jan. to Myiarchusy); 

 1883, 441 (Chabl6and Progreso, Yucatan).— Coey, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 

 72, part; Auk, iii, 1886, 44, part (West Indian references) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 

 58, part; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119, part (Jamaica) .—Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 122, part; Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 576 (Swan I. , 

 Caribbean Sea, Feb. 12); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 167.— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 151 (chiefly).— Meeeiam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vii, 1882, 234 (Point de Monts, Quebec, rare).— Steaens, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 116 (Natashquan, Labrador).— Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 

 215 (song).— Beowne, Auk, i, 1884, 389 (Framingham, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 

 spec, in Jan.).— Nutting, Proc. CJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1884, 398 (Los Sdbalos, 

 Nicaragua).- Shaepb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 351, part.— Amebioan 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 681, part.— Cheeeie, Auk, 



'According to W. Palmer, Auk. 




666 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



vii, 1890, 336 (San Jos6, Costa Eica, Myiarchusr., Apr.); ix, 1892, 21 (do.) —Faxon, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 409 (Cambridge, Myiarchusssachusetts, Jan. 31, 1890).— Eiciimoni), 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 485 (Eio Escondido, Nicaragua, after Oct. 

 28).— Neheling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 254, part, pi. 14, flg. 1.— 

 Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 44 (Parry Sound and Myiarchusskoka, n. w. Ontario, 

 summer resid.). 



[Geothlypis trichm'] ConBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107, part.— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 



aieothlypii] trichas Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part. 



[Geothlypis tricha^l a. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part. 



Geothlypis trichas var. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part. 



[Geothlypis irichasl var. trichas Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Eidgway's Hief. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. 



S[eiurus} trichas Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 369 (Illinois). 



Syhia roscoe (not of Audubon) Peabody, Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, 313 (Myiarchusssachusetts). 



Trichas marylandica (not Sylvia marilandica Wilson) Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. 

 and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, part.— Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 148.— Hoy, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 311 (Wisconsin).— Bhy ant, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia). 



Trichas marilandica Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 65, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 

 1841, 78, part.— -Willis, Ann. Eep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 

 (Nova Scotia). 



Trlichas] marilandica Myiarchusximiiaan, Journ. fur Orn., 1858, 118, part (Kentucky; 

 Texas). 



Trichas personatus Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 433, part (Vera 

 Cruz, Mexico) .—Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 88, 303, part.— 

 Denny, Proc Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 38, part (Jamaica; Cuba).— Pratten, 

 Trans. Ills. Agric Soc, i, 1855, 602 (Illinois). 



Trichas brachidadylus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 295 ("northern Prov- 

 inces of United States"). 



Tlrichas'] brachidactylus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 197. 



Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla Palmer (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 221 (crit). 



Gleothlypis'] trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster) Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 

 1887, 523, part (Myiarchusssissippi Valley). 



Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Ridgway, Proc. V. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 

 (Cozumel I., Yucatan, winter).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 259, 

 chiefly (dates, etc.). — Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 581, part. 



(?) Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 

 137 (Huexotella, Puebla, Jan.; Laguna del Eosario, Tlaxcala, Jan.). 



[Geothlypis trichas'] B. occidentalis Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 168. 



Geothlypis restricta Myiarchusynard, Am. Exchange and Myiarchusrt, Jan. 15, 1887, 33 (Baha- 

 mas; coll. C. J. Myiarchusynard'); Feb. 5, 1887, 69.— Bangs, Auk, xvii, 1900, 289 

 (New Providence, Hog Island, and Salt Key, Bahamas, Feb. 8 to Myiarchusy 5; 

 crit. ). 



Geothlypis trichas restricta Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18. 



Geothlypis trichas restnctus Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119, 156 (New Provi- 

 dence and Andros islands, Bahamas). 



Geothlypis agilis (error) Warren (0. B.), Auk, xii, 1895, 192 (Myiarchusrquette Co., 

 Myiarchuschigan, breeding; see Auk, xv, 1898, 193). 



'Type now in collection of Gerrit S. Myiarchusller, jr. 




BIRDS OF KOETH AKD MIDDLE AMEKICA. 



667 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS IGNOTA Chapman. 

 SOTJTHERN YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. t. hrachidactyla, but tail relatively longer (nearly, some- 

 times quite, as long as wing), wing more rounded (outermost primary 

 shorter than fourth, instead of longer), and coloration much darker; 

 adult male with greenish olive of upper parts darker, becoming more 

 strongly brownish on crown and occiput, where (at least in winter 

 plumage) the color is nearly vandyke, or chocolate brown; yellow of 

 under parts about equally extensive as in G. t. hrachidactyla, but less 

 pure in hue; sides and flanks darker, approaching raw umber brown. 



Adult viale.—Lmgih. (skins), 110-128 (118.1); wing, 49.5-56.5 

 (55.2); tail, 48-56 (53); exposed culmen, 10.2-13 (11.5); tarsus, 20-22 

 (20.7); middle toe, 12-14 (13.1).' 



Adult female.— hQnih. (skins), 112-121 (115.5); wing, 48.5-54.5 

 (52.2); tail, 47.5-53.5 (49.4); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11.1); tarsus, 

 19.5-21.5 (20.2); middle toe, 12.5-14 (12.9)." 



Southern Atlantic and Gulf coast districts of United States, from 

 southeastern Virginia (Dismal Swamp, breeding) to Florida (over 

 whole peninsula) and westward along Gulf lowlands to eastern Texas 

 (Caranchua Creek, Johnson County, January) ; winters from at least 

 coast of South Carolina southward; also winters in Cuba (Myiarchustanzas, 

 February; El Guama, Myiarchusrch; San Diego de los Banos, April). 



(?) '/Si/ima roscoe Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 124, pi. 24 (Myiarchusssissippi). 

 (?) Trichas roscoe Ndttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 457. 



' Eighteen specimens. 

 ^Fourteen specimens. 

 Series from different localities average respectively as follows: 



Locality. 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



MALES. 



Ten adult males from Florida 



Two adult males from Georgia (Liberty County) 



Two adult males from South Carolina (coast) 



Two adult males Irom southeastern Virginia (Dismal 



Swamp) 



One adult male from Louisiana (New Orleans) 



One adult male from eastern Texas (Johnson County) 



FEMALES. 



Eleven adult females from Florida 



One adult female from Virginia (Dismal Swamp) 



Two adult females from Cuba 



13 

 13 

 13 



13.2 



14 



13 



13.1 



13 



12.5 



'While I believe there can be little doubt that Audubon figured and described an 

 immature male of this form, it is probably best not to accept the name roscoe, for 

 the reason that there is now no means of proving the matter, and to accept the later 

 name ignota on the principle that it is never well to exchange a certainty for an 

 uncertainty. 




668 BULLETIN 50, CNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Oeothlypis trichas roscoe Hasbkouck, Auk, vi, Apr., 1889, 167, 168, part.— Palmer 

 (W.), Auk, xvii, 1900, 221 ( crit. ) ; xviii, 1901, 197, in text (crit. nomencl.) 



(?) Sylvia trichas (not Turdus trichas Linnaeus) D'Okbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. 

 Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 67. 



(?) Geothlypis trichas Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 472 (Cuba); 1861, 326 

 (Cuba); 1872, 417 (Cuba); Kepert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236; Orn. Cuba, 

 1873, 69. 



Oeothlypis tricfim Baikd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part (Cape 

 Florida); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 170, part.— Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. 

 Zool., ii, 1871, 269, part (e. Florida) .—Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1871, 20 (Fort Myiarchuscon, North Carolina, breeding; habits); Check List, 1873, 

 no. 97, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 141, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds 

 Col. Val., 1878, 309, part. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 297, part.— Ridgway, Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 122, part.— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 681, part. — Scott, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Key West and Punta Rassa, Florida, winter). — Wayne, 

 Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding). 



lOeothlypis} trichas CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107, part. 



Gleothlypis'] trichas CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 310, part. — Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part. 



[Oeothlypis trichas} a. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part. 



Oeothlypis trichas var. trichas Ridgway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part. 



[Oeothlypis trichas] var. trichas Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. 



Trichas marUandica (not Sylvia marilandica Wilson ) Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 65, 

 part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 78, part. 



THchas marylandica Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, part 

 (w. Florida). 



Trlichas} marilandica Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fur Orn., 1858, 118, part (Florida; 

 Louisiana). 



Oleothlypis] trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster) Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 

 1887, 523, part (Georgia). 



Oeothlypis trichas occidentalis Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 115 

 (Louisiana, resident). 



Oeotldypis trichas iynota Chapman, Auk, vii, Jan., 1890, 11 (Tarpon Springs, 

 Florida: coll. W. E. D. Scott). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 6816.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 608. 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS OCCIDENTALIS Brewster. 

 WESTERN YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. t. irackidactt/la, but wing and tail longer and colora- 

 tion brighter; adult male with space bordering posterior margin of 

 the black "mask" white, instead of pale gray, sometimes tinged with 

 yellow, especially on lower portion; yellow of under parts of a 

 distinctly warmer, more orange, hue; adult female averaging very 

 slightly paler above, with yellow of under parts (when present) of a 

 more orange hue. 



Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 115-127 (120.8); wing, 55-60 (57.5); 

 tail, 51-56.5 (55.8); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.3); tarsus, 20-22 (20.9); 

 middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.7).^ 



'Thirty-two specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



669 



Adult female.~Length{akms),110-121{lU.l); wing, 52-54.5(53.4); 

 tail, 49-53 (50.8); exposed culmen, 10.5-11 (10.9); tarsus, 19.5-21.5 

 (20.3); middle toe, 12.5-14 (18.8).' 



Whole of arid region of western United States; east to more west- 

 ern portions of the Great Plains (Fort Randall, South Dakota, to San 

 Antonio, Texas); north to Montana (Fort Custer, Fort Keogh, etc.), 

 Idaho, and eastern Washington (?); west to southern California (Los 

 Angeles County, etc.),^ and northern Lower California; breeding 

 southward to northern Chihuahua (San Diego) and northern Lower 

 California (Gardner's Laguna, Salton River) ; southward in winter to 

 Cape St. Lucas and Territory of Tepic, western Mexico. 



Sylvia trichas (not Turdus trichas Linnaeus) Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 

 1, 1832, 401, part— Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 463, .part. 



Geothlypis trichas Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part; Cat. N. 

 Am.'Birds, 1859, no. 170, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 220, part.— Xanti>, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).— Heney, Pnx . 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 476 

 (San Antonio, Texas). — CouBS, Ibis, 1865, 163, in text (Arizona); Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. ! , 

 part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 141, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds Coi. 

 Val., 1878, 309, part.— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 95, part.— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 

 149, part (monogr.). — Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 197 (Coh - 

 rado).— Meeeiam, Ann. Kep. U. S. Geol. Surv. for 1872 (1873), 674 (Ogden, 

 Utah; Fort Ellis, Montana), 713 (Utah).— Allen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xvii, 1874, 52 (Myiarchusssouri and Myiarchussselshell rivers, w. North Dakota). — Baihd, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part. — LAWEEXcr, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269, part (Myiarchuszatlan, winter).— Henshaw, 

 Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 204 (localities in Utah, Colorado, and 

 Arizona). — Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 434 (localities in Nevada and 

 Utah); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 122, part.— Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 150, part. — Brewstee, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 



' Eight specimens. 



Adult males from different geographic areas average, respectively, as follows: 



''On account of lack of sufficient material I am not able to make out satisfactorily 

 the range of this form in California, Specimens have been examined from Alhambra 

 (April 2, September 8), Los Angeles (April 7), and Pasadena (November 23). I 

 would also refer to this form a specimen from Stockton (April 13) and a breeding 

 bird from Carberry's Ranch. It is possible that its range may be general throughout 

 the valleys of California, except those of the coast district from Los Angeles County 

 northward. 




670 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Club, vii, 1882, 139 (Cienega Station, Arizona; crit.).— Shaepb, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 351, part. 



[Oeothlypis] trichas CoTOS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107, part.— Sclatek and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 



GleotUypis] trichas Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 310, part. 



Geothlypis trichis Merbiam, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. for 1872 (1873), 705 

 (Ogden, Utah, breeding). 



[Oeothlypis trichas'] a. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part. 



Oeothlypis trichas var. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part 



lOeothlypis trichas] var. trichas Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's Hist 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. 



(?) Trichas marylandica (not Sylvia marilandica Wilson) Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. 

 and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, part (Lewis River). — Gambel, Journ. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 37, part (California). 



(?) Trichas marylandieus Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846, 155, part 

 (California). 



Trichas marilandica Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (New 

 Mexico). 



Trichas manlandicus Woodhouse, in Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zurii and Col. R., 

 1853, 51, part. 



(?) THchas delajieldii (not Sylvia delafieldii Audubon) Hbebmann, Journ. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., ii, 1852, 263, part (California); Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 

 40, part (California). 



Oeothiypis trichas occidental-is Bkbwstee, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, July, 1883, 

 159 (Truckee River, Nevada; coll. W. Brewster). — American Ornitholo- 

 gists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 681a, part.— Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 35 (Tuc- 

 son, Arizona). — Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 581, part. — Meeeiam, N. 

 Am. Fauna, no. 5, 1891, 105 (Fort Lapwai, Idaho, breeding). — (?) Anthony, 

 Auk, xii, 1895, 142 (San Fernando, Lower Cahfornia). — Mereill, Auk, xv, 

 1898, 19 (Fort Sherman, Idaho, breeding).— Palmer (W.), Auk, xvii, 1901, 

 221 (diagn.; crit.).— Bates, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d ann. meet., 1901, 75 

 (Cherry Co., n. w. Nebraska, Sept. 10). 



G[eothlypis] trichas ocddentalis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part. 



Oeothiypis occidenialis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 351, footnote. 



Oeothiypis trichas melanops (not G. melanops Baird) Allen, Bull. Am.Myiarchuss. N. H., 

 V, 1893, 40 (San Diego, n. w. Chihuahua, Myiarchusy 6). 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS ARIZELA Oberholser. > 

 PACIFIC YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. t. occidentalis, but with mucli smaller bill, shorter 

 -wing and tail, and duller coloration, with whitish band bordering pos- 

 terior margin of the black "mask" averaging narrower, and yellow of 

 under parts usually less orange. 



AdMltmale.—'Lmgth (skins), 11-1-125 (119.7); wing, 52.5-58 (55.8); 

 tail, 49.5-57 (52.6); exposed eulmen, 10-11 (10.3); tarsus, 20-21 (20.4); 

 middle toe, 13-14 (13.4).^ 



Adult female.— IjQwgih (skins), 108-120 (116); wing, 51-53 (51.9); 



^ Seventeen specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



671 



tail, 48-50(48.9); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 19.5-21 (20.1); middle 

 toe, 12-13 (12.8).' 



Pacific coast district, from British Columbia southward; breeding- 

 southward to Los Angeles County, (California, and eastward to Fort 

 Klamath, Oregon; during migration to Cape St. Lucas. 



Sylvia irichas (not Tardus irichas Linnaeus) Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 463, 

 part (Columbia E.).— Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., viii, 1839, 153 

 (Columbia R. ). 



GeothylpistrKhas Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part (Fort Steila- 

 coom and Shoalwater Bay, Washington); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 170, 

 part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 220, part.— Coopek and Buckley, Rep. Pacific 

 R. R. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 177 (Shoalwater Bay, etc., Washington).— Lord, 

 Proc. Roy. Artil. Inst. Woolwich, 1864, 115 (British Columbia) .-Brown, Ibis, 

 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.).— Cooper, Orn. Cal. 1870, 95, part.— Salvin, Ibis, 

 1872, 149, part (monogr.) .— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 97, part; 2d ed. , 1882, 

 no. 141, part; Birds, N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 309-, part.— 

 Baibd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part.— 

 RIDGWAY, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878,65 (Myiarchusrysville, California); Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 122, part.— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 

 407, part (centr. California) ; v, 1883, 536 (La Paz, Lower California, winter) .— 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 351, part. 



IGeothlypis trichas} a. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458, part. 



QeotUypis trichas var. trichas Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, '458, part. 



[Oeothlypis trichas] var. trichas Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. 



Trichas marylandica (not Sylvia marylandica Wilson) Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. 

 and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, part (Oregon).— Gambel, Journ. Ac.Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., i, 1847, 37, part (California). 



Trichas marilandica Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 65, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 

 1841, 78, part. 



Trichas marylandious Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846, 1E5, part (Cal- 

 f ornia) . 



Trichas delafieldii (not Sylvia delafleldii Audubon) Hebemann, Journ. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci.. Phila., ii, 1852, 263, part (California) ; Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 

 40, part (California). 



Geothiypis trichas ocddentalw (not of Brewster) Anthony, Auk, iii, 1886, 171 

 Washington Co., Oregon, summer). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 681a, part.— (?) Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1887, 224 (base of Mount Shasta, n. California).— Merrill, Auk, v, 1888, 362 

 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, breeding).— Lawrence (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 356 

 (Grays Harbor, Washington) . 



' Five specimens. 



Adult males from different localities average, respectively, as follows : 




672 BULLETIN 50, UJSTITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



G[eolUypvi] irichas ocddentalis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, p?.rt. 

 Oeothlypis trichas arizela Oberholsee, Auk, xvi, July, 1899, 257 (Fort Steilacoom, 



Washington; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 Geothhipia trichas scirpicola Grinnell (J. ), Condor, iii. Myiarchusy, 1901, 65 (El Monte, 



Los Angeles Co., California; coll. J. Grinnell). 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS MODESTA Nelson. 

 SAN BIAS TELLOW-THROAT. 



SiDiilar in size and coloration to G. t. arizela but with the bill decid- 

 edly larger (as large a.s in G. t. occidentalis)\ much duller in color 

 than G. t. occidentalism with yellow of under parts either paler, less 

 orange, or less extended, and with olive-green of upper parts duller 

 and grayer. 



Adult wmZ*'.— Length (skins), 111-125 (118.2); wing, 52-58.5 (55.3); 

 tail, 17-54 (51.1); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.1); tarsus, 19-21.5 (20.8); 

 middle toe, 12-14 (13.5.)^ 



Adult /tfwa/.'.— Length (skins), 111-117 (115.3); wing, 52; tail, 

 45..5-50 (48.2); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.3); tarsus, 19-20 (19.5); 

 middle toe, 12.5-14(13.2.)' 



Western and central Mexico, in Territory of Tepic and States of 

 Sonora (Ortiz), Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Colima (also States of Puebla and 

 Tlaxcala ?). 



(?) Geothlypis trichas (not Tardus trichas Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. See. 



Lond., 1856, 292 (Mexico). — Dugbs, La Naturaleza, i, 1870, 140 (Guanajuato). 

 Geothlypis trichis Lawrence, Mem. Boat. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269, part (Tepic).— 



B.MRD, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part.— 



Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 150, part (Tepic; 



Guanajuato ?). 

 [Geothlypis] trichas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. 

 (?) Geothlypis trichas ocddentalis (not of Brewster ?) Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. 



Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 137 (Huexotitla, Puebla, Jan.; Laguna del Eosario, 



Tlaxcala, Jan. ). 

 Oeothlypis trichas modestus Nelson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 269 (San Bias, Tepic, 



w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS SINUOSA Grinnell. 

 SALT HARSH YELLOW-THROAT. 



Siniilar to G. t. a/rizela, but much smaller and slightly darker, espe- 

 cially on sides and flanks. 



Adult male.—L&n^th (skins), 105-111 (107.2); wing, 50-54 (52.6); 

 tail, 45-50 (48.3); exposed culmen, 10-10.8 (10.2); tarsus, 19-20.5 

 (19.9); middle toe, 12-13.5 (12.5).' 



•Ten specimens. '■'Three specimens. ' Five specimens. 




BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 673 



AMt female.— LiGVigih. (skin), 98; wing, 48; tail, 43; exposed cul- 

 men, 10; tarsus, 19; middle toe, 12.' 



Salt marshes about San Francisco Bay, California (Myiarchusrin, Contra 

 Costa, Alameda, and Santa Clara counties). 



OeotMypis trichm dnuosa Geinnell (J.), Condor, iii, Myiarchusy, 1901, 65 (Palo Alto, 

 Santa Clara Co., California; coll. J. Grinnell). 



GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS MELANOPS (Baird). 

 JAIAPA YELLOW-THROAT, 



Similar to G. t. occidentalism, but wing and tail longer, the adult male 

 with under parts entirely rich yellow, and with feathers of occiput 

 and hindneck yellow beneath the surface. 



AMt maZe. —Forehead and loral, orbital, auricular, and malar 

 regions uniform deep black, forming a conspicuous "mask," this contin- 

 ued posteriorly, in an angular point, along each side of lower throat; 

 crown and supra-auricular region grayish white, the latter changing 

 gradually to yellow on sides of neck ; occiput and hindneck olive or olive- 

 brown supei-ficially, the feathers yellow or olive-yellow beneath the 

 surface, grayish dusky at base; rest of upper parts plain yellowish olive- 

 green ; under parts rich lemon yellow, the sides and flanks (especially the 

 latter) butfy olive; bill brownish black, or dark brown, with paler 

 tomia; iris brown; legs and feet pale buffy brown (in dried skins); 

 length (skins), 125-127(126); wing, 61-61.5 (61.2); tail, 59-61.5(60.2); 

 exposed culmen, 11-11.5 (11.2); tarsus, 21; middle toe, 14.5.^ 



Admit female. — " General color above dull olive-brown, slightly more 

 olive-yellow on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts like the 

 back, the bastard- wing and primary -coverts dull brown; quills dark 

 brown, externally edged with olive, the first primary whitish along 

 the edge of the outer web; tail-feathers dull yellowish-olive, lighter 

 on the edges; head decidedly browner than the back, and somewhat 

 rufous-brown on the crown; lores ashy white; eyelid clearer whitish; 

 ear-coverts olive-brown, yellowish near the lower edge, and with pale 

 yellowish-brown shaft- lines; cheeks and under surface of body pale 

 yellow, becoming whiter on the abdomen, the sides of the neck and 

 breast washed with pale reddish-brown ; flanks and sides of the body 

 and thighs light earthy brown; under tail-coverts bright yellow pale 

 reddish brown near the vent; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale 

 yellow, brighter along the edge of the wing; quills dusky below; ashy 

 along the edge of the inner web. Total length, 132.1, culmen 12.7, 

 wing 57.1, tail 58.4, tarsus 20.3." " 



' One specimen. 

 'Two specimens. 



'Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 356. (Measurements changed to 

 millimeters. ) 



3654— VOL 2—01 43 




674 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Mexico (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Putla, Oaxaca; Valley of Mexico).' 



Geothlypis melanops Baied, Eeview Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 222 (Mexico; coll. 

 IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— ScLATEE and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 551 

 (near Putla, Oaxaca).— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr. ).— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 151.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 355, pi. 10, fig. 2 (near City of Mexico; Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



lOeothlypis] melanops Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 9. 



0[eothlypis] melanops Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 524. 



IGeothlypis trichas'] y. melanops Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872,458. 



Oeolhlypis trichas var. melanops Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458. 



[Oeothlypis trichasl var. melanops Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296.— Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 74, in text. 



Oeothlypis triclias melanops Palmer (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 222. 



GEOTHLYPIS ROSTRATA Bryant. 

 BRYANT'S YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar in coloration to G. trichas trichas, but very much larger. 



Adult niale in spring and summer. '^ — Forehead, lores, suborbital, 

 malar, and auricular regions uniform black, this 8-10 wide (measured 

 from frontal antise) on forehead, and passing narrowly along posterior 

 upper margin of eye; crown and occiput plain gray (light mouse gray 

 or olive-gray), usually decidedly paler (about gray no. 9 or no. 10) 

 next to black of forehead, the black mask margined posteriorly, from 

 above the posterior portion of the eye to the sides of the neck,' by still 

 paler gray (sometimes almost grayish white), very faintly tinged with 

 yellow, especially below; hindneck gray, like occiput, but usually 

 more tinged with olive, and gradually passing into grayish olive-green 



' Unfortunately the range of this form is very imperfectly known. The type is in 

 the well-known make of D'Oca's Jalapa skins, but is labeled simply "Mexico,"' as 

 is also the only other specimen I have seen. Of the seven skins listed in the Cata- 

 logue of Birds in the British Myiarchusseum (x, 356) only two have definite localities, these 

 being Jalapaand "near City of Mexico," respectively. Aspecimen from San Diego, 

 northwestern Chihuahua (Myiarchusy 6, 1891, F. Robinette), in the American Myiarchusseum 

 of Natural History, while intermediate is so much nearer in coloration O. t. melanops 

 than to O. t. occidentalls that I believe the breeding range of the present form is 

 toward the northern and western confines of the Mexican plateau rather than the 

 southeastern portion, specimens from Jalapa and the Valley of Mexico being perhaps 

 only winter migrants. 



The specimen from San Diego, Chihuahua, above referred to, is quite identical in 

 coloration with the type of G. melanops Baird, except that the band across the crown 

 is narrower and more tinged with yellow, its lateral arms decidedly yellow, and the 

 underlying portion of feathers of occiput and hindneck less distinctly yellow. I 

 would, however, unhesitatingly refer it to O. t. melanops but for its smaller measure- 

 ments, which are as follows: Length (skin), 117; wing, 58; tail, 56; exposed culmen, 

 11.5; tarsus, 20, middle toe, 14.5. 



' All the specimens examined were taken in February, Myiarchusrch, Myiarchusy, and June. 



' This pale gray or whitish space sometimes apparently involves a small part of the 

 lipper posterior portion of the auricular region. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 675 



on back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail more 

 decidedly olive-green; under parts light lemon or canarj^ yellow, 

 becoming decidedly paler (sometimes yellowish white) on lower abdo- 

 men and anal region and changing to pale yellowish gray or buffy 

 olive on flanks and posterior portion of sides; longer under tail-coverts, 

 with concealed portion largely pale yellowish olive; maxilla dark 

 brown or brownish black, with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish 

 (in dried skins), darker terminally ; ^ iris brown ; legs and feet pale brown 

 (in dried skins); length (skins), 125-146 (137.3); wing, 60-65.5 (62.4); 

 tail, 55-61.5 (58.2); exposed culmen, 15-17.3 (15.7); depth of bill at 

 nostrils, 4.6-5.1 (4.8); tarsus, 22-23.6 (22.8); middle toe, 14-15.2 

 (14.6).^ 



Adult female in spring. — Pileum and hindneck plain light grayish 

 brown (hair brown), the forehead more grayish, the anterior portion 

 of crown faintly tinged with warmer pale brown ; rest of upper parts 

 plain grayish olive-green, brighter on wings and tail, where sometimes 

 inclining to yellowish olive-green ; sides of head and neck similar to 

 pileum and hindneck, but slightly paler, especially on suborbital region 

 and lower portion of auricular region, which are narrowly and indis- 

 tinctly streaked with paler; malar region pale bufly grayish; chin, 

 throat, and chest pale yellow (nearly straw yellow), the breast also 

 sometimes pale yellow; rest of under parts dull white, becoming pale 

 grayish olive or buffy olive on sides and flanks; under tail-coverts 

 pale yellow; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male, but the first rather 

 paler; length (skins), 130-132 (131.4); wing, 57.5-59 (58.2); tail, 53- 

 65.9 (54.3); exposed culmen, 15-15.5 (15.2); tarsus, 21.8-22.5 (22.3); 

 middle toe, 14-14.5 (14.3).' 



Island of New Providence, Bahamas. 



Oeothlypis rostratus Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, Myiarchusr., 1867, 67 (Nassau, 

 New Providence Island, Bahamas; type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Cory, 

 Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 73; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 156, part (New Providence). 



[Oeothlypis'] rostratus Coey, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. 



Oeothlypis rostrata Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 355.— Cory, Auk, iii, 

 1886, 43; Birds, W. I., 1889, 57; Cat. W. I. Birds. 1892 18 119, 127, part 

 (New Providence Island) .—Ridgway, Auk, viii, 1891, 335 (New Provi- 

 dence).— Bangs, Auk, Kvii, 1900, 290 (orit.; descr.). 



O[eothlypis'] rostrata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 524. 



[Trichas] rostrata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 242, no. 3513. 



[Oeothlypis irichas] /3. rosJraSa Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458. 



Oeothlypis trichas var. rostrata Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci. iv, Dec. 1872, 458. 



[Oeothlypis trichas] var. rostrata Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296. 



' Bill almost wholly blackish in midsummer. 

 ' Fifteen specimens. 

 ' Three specimens. 




676 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



GEOTHLYPIS MAYNARDI Bangs. 

 MyiarchusYNARD'S YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to O. rostrata, but wing and tail longer, and coloration much 

 brighter. Adult male with back, scapulars, rump, etc. , bright yellow- 

 ish olive-green instead of grayish olive-green, the whitish band behind 

 the black "mask" faintly tinged with yellow, especially on lateral 

 portion; under parts entirely yellow, the yellow brighter than in G. 

 rostrata. Adult female with back, etc., yellowish olive-green (the 

 pileum and hindneck being colored as in G. rostrata), and with under 

 parts almost wholly bright yellow, only the lower abdomen being 

 whitish. 



Admit male.— Length (skins), 130-147.3 (138.7); wing, 61.2-66.6 

 (64.8); tail, 56.5-62.5 (59.7); exposed culmen, 14.5-16 (15.5); depth of 

 bill at base, 4.5-5.5 (4.9); tarsus, 22.5-23.9 (23); middle toe, 1^15.2 

 (14.8).^ 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 130-137 (133.2); wing, 61-62 (61.5); 

 tail, 56-59 (56.9); exposed culmen, 14.5; tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.2); middle 

 toe, 1-1-15 (14.4)." 



Island of New Providence, Bahamas. 



Oeothlypis maynardi Bangs, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 290 (Nassau, New Providence 

 Island, Bahamas; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). 



GEOTHLYPIS TANNERI Ridgway. 

 TAinrER'S YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. maynardi, but wing and tail longer. Adult male with 

 crown, occiput, and hindneck olive-green, becoming paler and tinged 

 with gray and yellow next to posterior border of black on forehead 

 (instead of gray, becoming broadly pale yellowish gray anteriorly), 

 and the olive-green of back, etc., duller. Adult female with yellow of 

 throat and chest deeper than on that of G. m.aynardi, but the abdomen 

 and flanks apparently much lighter in color. 



Adult male. — Length (skin), 139.7; wing, 67.3; tail, 61; exposed 

 culmen, 15.5; depth of bill at base, 4.8; tarsus, 22.6; middle toe, 14.7.' 



Adult female. — Length (skin), 137.2; wing. 58.9; tail, 55.9; exposed 

 culmen, 15.2; depth of bill at base, 4.6; tarsus, 22.1; middle toe, 15.' 



Island of Abaco, Bahamas (also Great Bahama Island?). 



GeotMypis tanneri Ridgway, Auk, iii, July, 1886, 335 (Abaco Island, Bahamas; coll. 



U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco).— Coby, Auk, v, 1888, 157 (Abaco); 



viii, 1891, 298 (do.); Birds W. I., 1889, 287; Oat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 



127 (Great Bahama I.; Abaco). 

 Q[eothlypis} tanneri Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 525. 

 OeoMypis rostratus tanneri Coky, Auk, viii, 1891, 350 (Great Bahama; Abaco). 



' Seventeen specimens. ' One specimen. 



^ Four specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 677 



GEOTHLYPIS INCOMPTA Ridgway. 

 LESSER ABACO TELIOW-THROAT. 



Similar to Q. tannery but wing and tail much shorter; the adult male 

 much duller in color, with hinder crown, occiput, and hindneck dull 

 grayish olive instead of olive-green, with a narrow band of pale yel- 

 lowish gray or grayish yellow behind posterior border of the black 

 mask; the back, etc., duller olive-green, and under parts paler yellow, 

 becoming whitish on lower abdomen and grayish olive on flanks. 



A(Mt ^nale.—ljBngth (skins), 130-131 (130.5); wing, 61-61.6 (61.2); 

 tail, 54.5-57.5 (56);'exposed culmen, 15-16.6 (15.7); tarsus, 21.6-22.6 

 (22); middle toe, 14-15 (14.6).' 



Island of Abaco, Bahamas.^ 



Oeothlypis tanneri, part, Ridgway, Auk, iii, 1886, 335 (Abaco Island, Bahamas); 

 viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco). 



GEOTHLYPIS EXIGUA Ridgway. 

 ANBROS YELIOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. incompta, but with shorter wing and smaller bill (the 

 latter decidedly more slender), the adult male with the back slightly 

 brighter olive-green and throat slightly brighter yellow j length (skin), 

 130; wing, 59; tail, 55.56; exposed culmen, 16; depth of bill at base, 

 4.5; tarsus, 21.5; middle toe, 13.2.^ 



Andros Island, Bahamas. 



Oeothlypis rogtrcUa (not of Bryant) Nokthkop, Auk, viii, 1891, 68 (Andros I., 

 Bahamas).— Allen, Auk, viii, 1891,69 (Andros I.; crit.).— Coky, Cat. W. I 

 Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 127, part (Andros I.). 



GeotMypU rostratus Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 156, part (Andros I.). 



GEOTHLYPIS CORYI Ridgway. 

 CORY'S YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. flavida, but wing and tail shorter and bill longer; 

 adult male with olive-green of upper parts greener, crown less tinged 

 with gray and becoming decidedly y^ellowish along posterior margin 

 of the black frontal patch, the latter narrower (extending 8-9 mm. from 

 frontal antise). 



Admit male. — Forehead (back to about 8 to 9 mm. from frontal 

 antise) and side of head, including loral, orbital, auricular, and malar 

 regions, uniform black, this extending as an angular projection along 

 sides of lower throat; this black "mask" margined posteriorly^ by light 



'Two specimens. The adult female not seen. 



"Type in collection of United States National Myiarchusseum (no. 108495, Abaco Island, 

 Bahamas, April 6, 1886; collected by C. H. Townsend). 



'One specimen, the type, from Fresh Creek, Andros Island, Bahamas, April 24, 

 1893 (no. 5808, coll. G. S. Myiarchusller, jr.). 




678 BULLETIN 50, UNITEB STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



gamboge or canary yellow less distinct across the crown, where shad- 

 ing gradually into the grayish olive-green of hinder crown, occiput, 

 and hindneck, this again not conspicuously different from the bright 

 olive-green of remaining upper parts; under parts entirely rich lemon 

 . or gamboge yellow, shaded with olive or inclining to yellowish olive- 

 green on sides and flanks; maxilla brownish black, mandible paler, 

 more horn-colored, especially toward base; legs and feet pale brownish 

 (in dried skins); length (skins), 137; wing, 60-65 (62.5); tail, 58.5-59 

 (58.7); exposed culmen, 16-16.5 (16.2); tarsus, 21.5-22.5 (22); middle 

 toe, 14.5-15 (14.7).' 



Adult female.-- — Forehead and superciliary region (broadly) olive- 

 yellow; crown, occiput, and hindneck deep olive-gray or grayish 

 olive; terminal half of auricular region gray, slightly tinged with olive; 

 anterior portion of auricular region and suborbital region olive-yellow, 

 the latter mottled with olive-grayish; lores olive-grayish; rest of 

 plumage as in adult male; length (skin), 144.8; wing, 61; tail, 57.1; 

 exposed culmen, 15.5; tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 13.2.^ 



Eleuthera Island, Bahamas. 



Oeothlypis coryi RiDGWjiY, Auk, iii, July, 1886, 334 (Eleuthera Island, Bahamas; 

 coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); viii, 1891, 336 (do.).— Cory, Auk, v, 1888, 157 

 (Eleuthera) ; viii, 1891, 351 (do.); Birds W. I., 1889, 287; Cat. W. I. Birds, 

 1892, 18, 119, 126, 127, 156. 



O[eothlypis] coryi Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 525. 



GEOTHLYPIS FLAVIDA Ridgway. 

 LUTEOTJS YELLOW-THROAT. 



Very similar in coloration to G. coryi, but wing and tail longer and 

 bill shorter, the olive-green of upper parts much more yellowish, crown 

 more tinged with gray, and without yellow next to edge of black frontal 

 patch, the latter broader (extending 10 to 11 mm. from frontal antiee. 

 Somewhat like G. maynardi, but much more bright colored; adult 

 male with the occiput and hindneck yellowish olive-green, instead of 

 gray, becoming paler and grayer on crown, immediately behind the 

 black of forehead; supra-auricular region and sides of neck yellow; 

 general color of upper parts much brighter and more 5'ellowish olive- 

 grefin, and yellow of under parts brighter, especially on posterior 

 portions; length (skins), 143-147 (145); wing, 65.3-67 (66.1); tail, 

 60.4-62 (61.2); exposed culmen, 14-15.5 (14.7); depth of bill at base, 

 4.8-5 (4.9); tarsus, 22-23.1 (22.5); middle toe, 15-15.2 (15.1).' 



Island of New Providence, Bahamas.' 



Ooethly'pis coryi (not of Ridgway) Bangs, Auk, x-^ii, 1900,291 (New Providence 

 Island, Bahamas). 



' Two specimens. 

 ^ One specimen. 



"Type in collection of G. S. Myiarchusller, jr. (no. 3896, Nassau, New Providence Island, 

 Bahamas, Myiarchusy 30, 1889; collected by C. .1. Myiarchusyiiard.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 679 



GEOTHLYPIS BELDINGI Ridgway. 

 BELDQfG'S YELLOW-THROAT. 



Myiarchusch larger than any of the forms of G. triclim (tarsus 22.9-24.6, 

 exposed culmen 12.9-14), the adult male with the black mask bordered 

 continuously behind by bright yellow. 



Adult male. — Forehead, with loral, orbital, auricular, and malar 

 regions uniform black, forming a conspicuous black "mask;" space 

 immediately behind this black area clear yellow (intermediate between 

 canary and naples yellow, brightening into lemon yellow on sides of 

 neck); occiput and hindneck olive or olive-brown superficially, the 

 feathers olive-yellow or yellowish olive-green beneath the surface, 

 grayish dusky at base; rest of upper parts plain olive-green; under 

 parts rich lemon or gamboge yellow, passing into paler yellow on 

 lower abdomen and anal region and into light brownish or buffy olive- 

 green on sides and flanks; bill black, with paler tomia, in summer, 

 browner, with mandible paler basally, in winter; iris brown; legs and 

 feet light brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 135.1-140.5 (138.3); 

 wing, 61.2-64.3 (62.8); tail, 61.5-65.8 (63); exposed culmen, 13.2-14 

 (13.6); tarsus, 22.9-24.6 (23.5); middle toe, 15-16.8 (15.6).^ / 



Adult female. — Above dull yellowish olive-green, brighter on Things 

 and tail, paler pn forehead, the anterior portion of crown tinged with 

 or inclining to russet-brown; an indistinct narrow superciliarj^ stripe 

 of olive-yellowish; lores and suborbital and auricular regions olive- 

 dusk}^; malar region, chin, throat, chest, breast, and upper abdomen 

 lemon or gamboge yellow, deeper on chest; lower abdomen dull bufi'y 

 whitish; under tail-coverts yellow, paler than that on throat, etc.; 

 sides and flanks light buff)'^ olive; maxilla dark brown with paler 

 tomia; mandible horn brownish, darker terminally, paler basally; iris 

 and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 131.6-136.9 (133.4); wing, 

 58.7-59.9 (59.2); tail, 57:9-61 (59.8); exposed culmen, 12.9-13.7 (13.4); 

 tarsus, 22.9-23.1 (23); middle toe, 15.2-15.5 (15.3).' 



[In winter both sexes have the feathers of back, etc., indistinctly 

 tipped with grayish, and color of sides and flanks rather paler and 

 more buffy, but otherwise similar to the spring plumage.] 



Yaung., first plumage. — "Above uniform dark olive-brown; below, 

 sides, and under wing-coverts light yellowish buff. Faint indications 

 of light superciliary stripe. Wings above dark olive-green, with dis- 

 tinct greenish edging to outer web of each feather except the first, 

 which has a whitish edging the same as adults. Greater wing-coverts 

 rusty on edges. Tail olive-green above, lighter below." ' 



' Eight specimens. 

 ^ Three specimens. 

 'Bryant (W. E.), Bull. Calif. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., ii, 1889, 20. 




680 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Cape St. Lucas district of Lower California (San Jos6 del Cabo; 

 La Paz; Comandu). 



OeotMypis heldingi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, Sept. 5, 1882, 344 (San 

 Jos6 del Cabo, Lower California; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ) ; . Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vii, 1882, 257; 1887, 524.— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883,546 

 (La Paz, Lower California).— Bryant, Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., ii, 1889, 

 20 (Comandu, Lower California; descr. young, nest and eggs, etc.) .— Shakpe, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 356 (San Jo86 del Cabo). — American Oeni- 

 THOLOGisTs' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 682. 



0[eothlypis\ beldingi Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 524. 



GEOTHLYPIS FLAVOVELATA Ridgway. 

 • ALTA MXRA YELIOW-THKOAT. 



Adult male similar in coloration to G. heldingi but very much smaller 

 (rather smaller than G. triehas melaiwps). 



Adult m.ale in winter. — Forehead, together with loral, suborbital, 

 malar, and auricular regions uniform black, forming a conspicuous 

 "mask;" behind this black mask a broad band of canary yellow, about 

 5 mm. in width; occiput and hindneck brownish olive superficially, 

 the feathers yellowish olive-green beneath the surface, this more yel- 

 lowish toward the yellow crown-band; rest of upper parts uniform 

 bright yellowish olive-green, the remiges decidedly duller, more gray- 

 ish olive-green; under parts bright lemon yellow (slightly paler on 

 abdomen and under tail-coverts), the sides and flanks light brownish 

 or buffy olive-green; maxilla dark brown (nearly black on culmen), 

 much paler on tomia; mandible pale brownish basally, darker termi- 

 nally; legs and feet light horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skin), 

 126; wing, 53.5; tail, 53.5; exposed culmen, 12; tarsus, 21; middle tofe, 

 13.5.' 



Eastern Mexico (Alta Myiarchusra, near Tampico, southern Tamaulipas). 



Oeothlypls flavovelatus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. , xviii, no. 1045, Apr. 16, 

 1896, 119 (Alta Myiarchusra, near Tampico, southern Tamaulipas; coll. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss.).— EiCHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 681 (Alta Myiarchusra). 



GEOTHLYPIS FLAVICEPS Nelson. 

 YELLOW-HEADED YELLOW-THROAT. 



Adult male similar to that of G. flavovdata, but bill much longer 

 and the whole crown, occiput, and hindneck yellow. 



Adult male m spring. — Forehead (extending backward about 7.5 

 mm. from frontal antise), together with loral, suborbital, malar, and 

 auricular regions, uniform deep black, forming a conspicuous "mask;" 

 rest of head, above and behind this black mask, together with hind- 

 neck and sides of neck, light lemon or canary j^ellow, the occiput and 

 hindneck faintly tinged with olive-green; rest of upper parts uniform 



'One specimen (the type). 




BIKBS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 681 



bright yellowish olive-green, abruptly defined anteriorly against yel- 

 low of hindneck; under parts rich lemon yellow, the sides and flanks 

 strongly tinged with light brownish olive-green; bill entirely deep 

 black; legs and feet pale brown (in dried skin); length (skin), 121; 

 wing,55.5; tail,54; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus,21.5; middle toe, 14.5.' 



Adult female in spring. — Forehead and supra-auricular region wax 

 yellow;" crown, occiput, and hindneck brownish olive-green; rest of 

 upper parts plain yellowish olive-green, becoming dull grayish on ter- 

 minal portion of remiges; upper portion of lores yellowish, like super- 

 ciliary and supra-auricular regions; lower portion of lores pale grayish; 

 suborbital and auricular regions light olive-grayish, more or less 

 tinged with yellow, and finely streaked with paler; lower parts (includ- 

 ing malar region) bright lemon yellow, more or less tinged with Indian 

 yellow or safl'ron yellow on chest (sometimes on throat and chin also), 

 the sides and flanks shaded with bi-ownish olive-green; maxilla brown- 

 ish black with paler tomia; mandible similar but more or less brownish 

 basally; feet as in adult male; length (skins), 118-123 (121); wing, 51- 

 54.5 (52.3); tail, 49-50 (49.7); exposed culmen, 11.5-12 (11.7); tarsus, 

 20-21 (20.3); middle toe, 13.5-14.5 (14).' 



Young male, first plumage. — Above plain olive, the remiges and 

 rectrices olive-green; sides of head and neck similar in color to upper 

 parts, but loral, suborbital, and auricular regions duller, more grayish 

 olive; a small dull whitish spot on lower eyelid; under parts plain pale 

 olive, the abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts pale buffy yel- 

 low or straw yellow; bill as in adult female. 



Eastern Mexico (Alta Myiarchusra, near Tampico, southern Tamaulipas). 



Geolhlypis flaviceps Nelson, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 31 (Alta Myiarchusra, near Tampico, 

 a. Tamaulipas, e. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ). 



GEOTHLYPIS CHIRIQUENSIS Salvin. 

 CHIRiaUI YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. mlata,* but with the forehead much more extensively 

 black. 



Adult male. — " General color above olive-yellow [i. e., olive-green], 

 a shade lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts; lesser and median 

 wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, primary coverts, and 

 quills dusky brown, externally like the back, the primaries decidedly 



'One specimen (the type). 



"This sometimes involving anterior portion of crown. 



'Three specimens. 



^Siflmx vehta Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 22, pi. ^4:.—G[eothlypis'] velata 

 Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 16.— Geothlypis velata Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 

 27.—[Syhia'] ciicullata'Lsitha.m, I«dex Orn., ii, 1790, 528.— Tanagra canicapilla Swain- 

 son, Zool. lUustr., Istser., iii, 1822-23, pi. 174. (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and 

 eastern Peru.) 




682 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



brighter yellow along the outer web, grayish toward their ends, the 

 first primary margined with pale olive-yellow; bastard- wing feathers 

 dusky brown, narrowly edged with olive-yellow, bright yellow along 

 the edge of the outer one, like the edge of the wing; tail-feathers 

 olive-yellowish [i. e., olive-greenish]; crown of head bluish gray, the 

 occiput and nape like back; a broad band of black across the forehead; 

 feathers above and around the eye, cheeks, and ear-coverts black;' the 

 gray of the head skirting the ear-coverts at the sides of the neck; 

 entire under surface of body brilliant yellow, a little paler on the under 

 tail-coverts; sides of body and flanks, as well as the thighs, olive-green; 

 under wing-coverts brilliant yellow, the axillaries more olive-yellow; 

 edge of wing bright yellow; quills dusky below, ashy along the edge 

 of the inner web. Total length, 127; culmen, 15.2; wing, 61; tail, 50.8; 

 tarsus, 22.9."' 



Province of Chiriqui, Colombia (Volcan de Chiriqui). 



Geothlypig chiriquensis Salvin, Ibis, 3d ser., ii, Apr., 1872, 148, in text {'Volcan de 



Chiriqui, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. 



Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 152, pi. 9, fig. 1.— Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 



X, 1885, 362, pi. 9, fig. 6. 

 [_Geothlypw] chiriquensis Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 

 [Geothlypis cequinoctialis] fi. chiriquerms Salvin, Ibis, April, 1872, 149. 

 [Geothlypis xquinociialis] y. chiriquensis Ridgway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv. Dee., 1872, 



458. 

 Geothlypis sequinoctialis var. chiriquensis Ridgway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 



458. 



GEOTHLYPIS SEMIFLAVA BAIRDI (Nutting). 

 BAIRD'S YEllOW-THROAT, 



Similar to G. s. sem ifl.dva, but with shorter tail and tarsus and larger 

 bill.'' 



Adult male in sjjring. — Forehead and at least anterior half of crown 

 (sometimes whole crown), together with loral, orbital, auricular, and 



' According to the colored figure in Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, pi. 9, fig. 6, the malar 

 region also is black, instead of yellow as in G. velata. 



^Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 362, 363. The measurements converted 

 from inches and tenths to millimeters. 



'I continue to separate the Central American bird from true G. semiflava of Ecuador, 

 at least provisionally. All the Central American specimens examined differ from the 

 single Ecuadorean skin available for comparison in shorter tail and tarsus and larger 

 bill, as mentioned above; furthermore, the Ecuadorean specimen has the posterior 

 extremity of the black mask continued along each side of the lower throat for a con- 

 siderable distance, and almost forming a collar across the upper chest. A^ong the 

 five adult males from Central America only one shows the slightest approximation to 

 this last-mentioned character. Otherwise, they are all very much like the specimen 

 from Ecuador, and it may be that a series of specimens from the latter country would 

 show that no constant difference really exists, in which case the alleged Central 

 American subspecies could not, of course, be maintained. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AKD MIDDLE AMERICA. 683 



malar regions uniform black, forming a conspicuous "mask," this 

 everywhere sharply defined except on crown, where the posterior 

 margin is more or less broken; rest of upper parts uniform deep olive- 

 green, changing to dark grayish brown on terminal portion of remiges; 

 under parts bright lemon yellow, changing to olive-green on sides, 

 flanks, and thighs; bill black, or nearly so; iris brown; legs and feet 

 light horn brown (in dried skins). [In winter the plumage similar, 

 but mandible and maxillary tomia light horn brownish.] Length 

 (skins), 110-130 (119.4); wing, 58-60.5 (58.9); tail, 46-49 (47); exposed 

 cuhnen, 13-14 (13.8); tarsus, 21-23 (21.5); middle toe, 14-16 (15.4).' 



Adult female. — Above, including sides of neck, plain deep yellowish 

 olive-green, becoming more yellowish on forehead and superciliary 

 region; lores dull grayish; suborbital and auricular regions olive- 

 green, narrowly and indistinctly streaked with yellow; under parts 

 bright lemon yellow, the sides and Hanks olive-green; bill, etc., as in 

 adult male; length (skin), 117; wing, 55; tail, 43; exposed culmen, 14; 

 tarsus, 22; middle toe, 15.^ 



Young female, first plumage. — Above plain greenish olive, becom- 

 ing olive-green on upper tail-coverts and edges of rectrices; sides of 

 head paler olive; chin and upper throat pale buflfy olive, deepening on 

 lower throat and chest into deeper bufl'y olive, the sides and flanks 

 more decidedly olive; breast and abdomen pale buffy yellow. 



Yowng male (?), ^flrst plumage.^ — Similar to the young female, as 

 described above, but slightly more greenish olive above, and chin, 

 throat, breast, and abdomen bright olive-yellow. 



Southern Honduras (Segovia River) and eastern Nicaragua (Los 

 Sabalos, Greytown, Rio San Juan, Rio Escondido', etc.), to Costa Rica 

 (Jimenez, Talamanca, San Jose, etc.). 



Geothlypis bairdi Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, Apr. 9, 1884, 398 (Los Saba- 

 los, e. Nicaragua; coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.)- — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).— Chekeie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 xiv, 1891, 527 (San Jos6, Costa Rica; crit.).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Frio, Costa Rica; Greytown, Rio San Juan and 

 Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). 



Oeothlypis semiflava (not of Sclater) Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 357 

 part (in synonymy). 



GEOTHLYPIS SPECIOSA Sclater. 

 ORIZABA YELLOW-THROAT. 



Adult male. — Head, except chin and throat, dull black, deepest on 

 loral and suborbital regions, duller on pileum, where passing gradually 



' Six specimens. The single adult male of G. s. semiflava examined measures as 

 follows: Wing, 60; tail, 53; exposed culmen, 13; tarsus, 23; middle toe, 15. 



^ One specimen. 



'Described from a specimen (sex not determined) collected by Myiarchus. C. H. Town- 

 send on the Segovia River, southern Honduras, July ,3, 1887 (no. 112066, coll. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss.). 




684 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



into dull grayish brown on occiput, this in turn changing gradually to 

 golden olive-green on hindneck, back, and other upper parts, the 

 olive-green brightest on upper tail-coverts; remiges sooty brown, the 

 tertiais dull olive-green; chin and throat bright, but not pure, yellow, 

 the remaining under parts rather duller yellow (dull saffron or wax 

 yellow), the sides and flanks dull brownish; bill very slender, dusky; 

 feet dark brown; outermost primary much shorter than innermost, the 

 fifth longest; tail graduated for about 12 mm.; wing, 61; tail, 58; 

 exposed culmen, 12.7; depth of bill at base, 3.8; tarsus, 21.6; middle 

 toe, 14.' 



Immature male. — Similar to the adult male as described above, but 

 pileum dull olive-brown, darker, more dusky grayish, on forehead, the 

 black being restricted to the loral, suborbital, auricular, and malar 

 regions, the upper portion of the auricular region being dusky gray- 

 ish; length (skin), 123; wing, 55.5; tail, 52.5; exposed culmen, 12; 

 tarsus, 22; middle toe, 14.^ 



Admit female. — "Greener than the male above, and without any 

 black on the head and face; the head a little more ashy olive than the 

 back; wings and tail as in the male; sides of face and ear-coverts 

 olive-brown, mottled with pale yellow spots on the lores and below 

 the eye; upper and lower edge of eyelid pale yellow; under surface of 

 body light fulvous yellow, tinged with saffron on the breast; the sides 

 of the body light reddish brown, shaded with ashy; under tail-coverts 

 brighter yellow."^ Total length 121.9, culmen 14, wing 52.1, tail, 

 48.3, tarsus 20.3. 



Eastern Mexico (alpine region of Vera Cruz). 



Geothlypis speciosa Sclatee, Proo. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 447 (Mexico; coll. P. L. 



Sclater) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27.— Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 223, 



footnote. — SuMyiarchuscHKAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alpine reg. of 



Vera Cruz). — Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr.). — Salvin and GoDMAN,Biol. 



Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 152.— Sharpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss.,x, 1885, 358, 



pi. 10. 

 [GeotfdypW] speciosa Sclatbk and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. 

 O[eothlypis'] speciosa Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 525. 

 [Geothlypis speciosa] a. speciosa Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458. 

 Oeothlypis speciosa var. s(peciosa Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 458. 

 Geothlypis formosa (not Sylvia formosa Wilson) Sclatee, Proc Zool. Soc. Lend., 



1860, 273 (evidently meant for speciosa; cites Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858^ 



447). 



'Described from a specimen (no. 169a) in Dr. Sclater's collection, collected by 

 De Saussure, in 1858, but without definite locality. The wing measured by pressing 

 it flat against the rule, the tail measured to the base of the coccyx. 



■'Described from no. 89,906, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., "Mexico, De Saussure, 1858" 

 (no. 169b. of Dr. Sclater's collection.) 



■■■Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 358. The measusements converted from 

 inches and tenths. 




BIKD8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEKICA. 685 



GEOTHLYPIS NELSONI NELSONI Richmond. 

 HOODED YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar in coloration to G. semiflava hairdi^ but much smaller and 

 more slender, with much longer tail and smaller bill and feet. 



AMt raale in spring mid summer. — Forehead (very broadlj''), 

 together with loral, orbital, auricular, and malar regions, uniform 

 deep black, forming a conspicuous "mask;" crown dull gray or olive- 

 gray, at least next to posterior margin of the black frontal area, this 

 gray continued laterallj^ and posteriorly along the upper posterior 

 border of the black mask, where lighter in color than on crown, and 

 sometimes tinged, more or less, with yellow; rest of upper parts, 

 including occiput and hindneck, uniform deep olive-green, this some- 

 times covering crown also, to the exclusion of the usual gray color of 

 that portion, though the olive-green there is paler and more grayish 

 than on other portions; under parts bright lemon yellow, becoming 

 paler (sometimes almost yellowish white) on lower abdomen and anal 

 region, the sides and flanks olive-green or grayish olive-green; under 

 tail-coverts tinged with olive-green; bill black; legs and feet deep 

 horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 122-130 (125.7); wing, 56- 

 57(56.5); tail, 59-64 (61.5); exposed culmen, 11-11.6 (11.2); tarsus, 

 20-20.5 (20.2); middle toe, 12-13 (12.7).' 



Adult female. — Above plain [yellowish olive], the lores and supercili- 

 ary region paler; beneath yellow, the breast tinged with ochraceous.' 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Cofre de 

 Perote; Jico) and Puebla (Chalchicomula). 



Geothlypis oucullata (not Sylvia cucuUaia Latham*) Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 

 6th ser., i, Apr., 1889, 237 (Cofre de Perote, near Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico; 

 coll. Salvin and Godman). 



Geothlypis nehoni Richmond, Auk, xvii, Apr., 1900, 197, text (to replace G. aicul- 

 lala, preoccupied). 



GEOTHLYPIS NELSONI MICRORHYNCHA Ridgway.5 

 HIDALGO YELLOW-THROAT. 



Similar to G. n. nelsoni, but with decidedly smaller bill, the adult 

 male without any gray behind the black mask or with a mere trace of 

 that color. 



'The black extending 40--50 mm. from the frontal antiee, thus sometimes involv- 

 ing the anterior portion of the crown. 



^ Three specimens. 



'Translation of Salvin and Godman's description, in Ibis, 1889, 237. 



* = Geothlypis velata ( Vieillot) . 



'Type, no. 143333, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. (Biological Survey collection); Real del 

 Monte, Hidalgo, Myiarchusr. 13, 1891; C. P. Streator. 




686 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 128-129 (128.5); wing, 56-57 (56.5); 

 tail, 59-61 (60); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 20.5; middle toe, 13.5.' 

 State of Hidalgo (Real del Monte; Tulancingo), southeastern Mexico. 



Genus CHAM^^THLYPIS Ridgway. 



Chamiethlypis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, Sept., 1887, 525. (Type, OeotMypig 

 poliocephala Baird. ) 



Similar in general appearance to Geothlypis, but tail longer than 

 wing, graduated;'' bill ver}^ stout, with culmen strongly" curved (much 

 as in Icteria); tarsus nearly half as long as wing, or at least much 

 nearer one-half than one-third as long; no black on forehead nor auricu- 

 lars in adult males; sexes alike, or at least not very different, in color. 



Bill much shorter than head, stout (depth at base equal to nearly 

 half the length of exposed culmen); culmen strongly curved; max- 

 illary tomium distinctly concave or arched, with distinct subteraiinal 

 notch; mandibular tomium slightly but distinctly convex; gonys nearly 

 straight. Nostril longitudinally oval, in lower anterior portion of 

 nasal fossae, overhung by a broad membraneous operculum. Rictal 

 bristles obsolete. Wing short, much rounded (seventh, sixth, and 

 fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fourth or about equal to 

 third); wing- tip shorter than exposed culmen. Tail decidedly longer 

 than wing, graduated, the rectrices acuminate or subacuminate at tip. 

 Tarsus nearly half as long as wing, or at least very much more than 

 one-third as long, its scutella indistinct or obsolete on outer side; 

 middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle 

 toe united for basal half (or slightly more) to outer toe, separated for 

 most of its length from inner toe. 



Coloration. — Olive-greenish above, yellow or yellowish beneath; 

 adults with pileum gray and lores black. Sexes alike, or nearly so. 



Nidification . — U n known . 



Range. — Northern Mexico (including southern Texas) to Chiriqui. 



This genus is very much like Geothlypis as to general appearance, 

 but quite distinct structurally, in which respect it comes much nearer 

 to Icteria. From the latter it differs in its shorter and more rounded 

 wing, more graduated tail with pointed rectrices, longer tarsi, and 

 stouter feet. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP CHAMIETHLYPIS. 



a. A white or pale yellow spot on each eyelid (largest on the lower). {Cham^UyjM 

 poliocephala. ) 

 b. Crown gray; lores black. (Adults.) 



' Two specimens; a third, too much worn for measurement of wing and tail, agrees 

 with the other two in absence of any gray on the head; the exposed culmen measures 

 10, the tarsus 20. 



^Only one species among the seventeen of OeofMypis has the tail longer than the 

 wing. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 687 



c. Duller olive-green above; paler yellow below, the abdomen and anal region 

 distinctly paler (often buffy whitish); wing and tail longer, bill and feet 

 smaller (wing averaging 58.2, tail 62.2, exposed culmen 11.5, tarsus 21.6 in 

 male; 54.5, 59.5, 11.5, and 20.8 in female). (Mexico in general, from States 

 of Morelos and Myiarchuschoacan north to Sinaloa and to lower Eio Grande Val- 

 ley of Texas. ) 



ChamaetUypis poliocephala poliocephala, adult male and female (p. 687) 



cc. Brighter olive-green above, brighter and wholly yellow' below; wing and 



tail shorter, bill and feet larger ( wing averaging 55.6, tail 59.9, exposed 



culmen 12.3, tarsus 22.2 in male).^ (Southeastern Mexico, from State of 



Vera Cruz to Chiapas, Tabasco, Camp^che, and Yucatan. ) 



Chamsetlilypis poliocepliala palpebralis, adult male and female (p. 689) 

 bb. Crown grayish brown, but slightly different from color of back; lores not black. 

 (Immature male and female.') 

 aa. No white or yellow marks on eyelids. ( Chamsethlypis caninucha. ) 

 b. Crown gray; lores black. (Guatemala to Chiriqui.) 



Chamaethlypis caninucha, adult male and female (p. 689) 

 66. Crown olive or olive-brown, like back; lores not black. 



Ohamaethlypis caninucha, immature male and female (p. 689) 



CHAM.ffi;THLYPIS POLIOCEPHALA POLIOCEPHALA (Baird). 

 RALPH'S GKOTJlfD-CHAT. 



Adults in spring and summer {sexes alike). — Lores black, this extend- 

 ing beneath the lower ej^elid and sometimes narrowly crossing the 

 anterior portion of forehead; pileum gray (no. 6), narrowly and indis- 

 tinctly streaked with olive, passing gradually into dull grayish olive- 

 green on back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials; primaries, upper 

 tail-coverts, and tail brighter, more yellowish, olive-green; upper 63^6- 

 lid white for posterior half or more, lower eyelid white for its entire 

 length; auricular region grayish, tinged with olive, the lower portion 

 more yellowish; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and breast canary 

 yellow (much paler in worn plumage), fading into buffy whitish on 

 abdomen; sides and flanks light buff'y olive; under tail-coverts pale yel- 

 low; thighs similar in color to flanks, but paler; maxilla dusky brown 

 with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish (pale flesh color or lilaceous 

 in life?); legs and feet pale buffy brown (in dried skins). 



Adults in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and summer 

 plumage, but plumage softer, more blended; back, etc., more buffy 

 olive or light olive-brown; feathers of pileum (at least the occiput) 

 tipped with brown, and flanks more decidedly buffy. 



Immature male am,d female. — Similar in general to the adult plum- 

 age, but duller, the pileum concolor with back, or nearly so, and lores 

 dull brownish gray or dusky, not distinctly different from color of 

 pileum. 



' Except on sides, flanks, and thighs, which are brownish buffy or buffy olive. 



'^ No females of this form seen by me. 



' Only immature specimens of C p. poliocepliala examined. 




688 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adult wtaZe.— Length (skins), 131-143 (135.8); wing, 55-62 (58.2); 

 tail, 56-67 (62.2); exposed oulmen, 10-12 (11.5); tarsus, 20-23 (21.6); 

 middle toe, 13-16 (14.6).^ 



Adult female.— \^%xi^t\i (skins), 127-135 (132.7); wing, 51-55 (54.6); 

 tail, 55-60 (58.2); exposed oulmen, 11-12 (11.5); tarsus, 19-21 (20.8); 

 middle toe, 13-15 (14.2).= 



Northern, western, and central Mexico; south to States of Morelos 

 (Yautepec, January) and Myiarchuschoacan (Querendaro, August), north to 

 State of Sinaloa (vicinity of Myiarchuszatlan) and to the lower Rio Grande 

 Valley in Texas (Brownsville). 



GeotMypis poliocephala Baird, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 225 (Myiarchuszatlan, 

 Sinaloa, w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 149, part 

 (monogr.) . — Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway'a Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 296 (Myiarchuszatlan).— La weence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874,269 

 (Myiarchuszatlan). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 154, pi. 9, 

 fig. 3 (Myiarchuszatlan).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 359, part (Presidio, 

 near Myiarchuszatlan). 



\_Oeoihlypis] poliocephala Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



G^eoihhjjns] poliocephala Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 526. 



[TVichas] poliocephala Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 242, no. 3507. 



IGeothlypis poliocephala'] a. poliocephala Ridgway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, Dec, 

 1872, 459. 



Geothlypis poliocephala var. poliocephala Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 

 1872, 459. 



[Geothlypis poliocephala'] var. poliocephala Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- 

 way's Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296. 



[Geothlypis poliocephala] a. G. poliocephala Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., a, 



1885, 360, over list of specimens. 

 Geothlypis poliocephala palpehralis (not G. ptrfpeferafc Ridgway) Allen, Auk, viii, 

 1891, 316 (Brownsville, Texas). 



' Ten specimens. 

 ^ Six specimens. 



Specimens from Mexico compare in average measurements with those from 

 Brownsville, Texas, as follows: 



The series from Mexico is a very unsatisfactory one, but such as it is it seema to 

 invalidate the claims of G. p. ralphi as a recognizable form. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



689 



Geothlypis poliocephala ralpWRioGW AY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, no. 96-1, Fe]>. 5, 



1894, 692 (Brownsville, Texas; coll. TJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); Myiarchusn. N. Am. Ilirds, 

 2ded., 1S!)(3, 608. — American Ornithologists' Union CoM>riTrEE, Auk, xii, 



1895, 165; Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 682. 1. 



CHAM.ffi;THLYPIS POLIOCEPHALA PALPEBRALIS Ridgway. 

 MIRADOR GROUND-OHAT. 



Similar to C. p. poUocephala, but much more brigiitly colored, the 

 under parts entirely yellow (lemon or gamboge), except sides and 

 Hanks, which are browner or more deeply buffy olive than in (_L p. 

 poVioccphala; upper parts deeper olive; wing and tail shorter, bill snd 

 feet larger. 



AMt iiiah'.—'h&ag'Cix (skins), 126-142 (133.8); wing, 51-61 (55.6); 

 tail, 54-65 (59.9); exposed culmen, 11-14 (12.3); tarsus, 20-^5 (22.2); 

 middle toe, 14-16 (14.8).^ 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Myiarchusrador; San Andreas 

 Tuxtla), Oaxaca?, Chiapas (Palenque; Ocozucuantla), Tabasco (Monte- 

 cristo), Campeche (Campeche), and Yucatan (Merida; Progreso; La 

 Vega; Chichen Itza). 



Trichas delafieldi (not Stjhia delafieldii Audubon) Sclatek, Proc. Zool. See. Lcmd., 



1856, 293 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). 

 Geothlypis poliocephala (not of Baird) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 18611, L'OO 



(Merida, Yucatan).— Su.michkast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 516 (Vera 



Cruz, hot region?). — Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 149, part (monogr.). — Shaei'e, Cat. 



Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 359, part, pi. 9, fig. 3. 

 [Oeothlyjns] poliocephala Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 

 G[eothhjpit<] palpehralis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 526 (Myiarchusrador, Vera 



Cruz, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 

 Geothlypis (Chamcethlypis) palpebralis Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Bird.s, 1887, 592; 



2d ed., 1896, 614. 



CHAMyiarchusETHLYPIS CANINUCHA Ridgway. 

 CENTRAL AMERICAN GROUND-CHAT. 



Similar to C. polloccpJiala palpeljridh^ but without any white or yel- 

 lowish on eyelids. 

 Adult vy/ff/t^— Length (skins), 116-136 (126.7); wing, 52-57 (55.5); 



'Seventeen specimens, those from different localities averaging, respectively, as 

 follows: 



Locality. 



Three adult males from Vera Cruz 



Six adult males from Chiapas 



Two adult males from Tabasco 



Two adult males from CampOche 



four adult males from Yucatan 



No females of this form have been seen by me. 

 3654--VOL 2—01 44 



Myiarchusddle 

 toe. 



14.6 

 14. H 

 16.5 

 14 

 15 




690 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tail, 55.5-61 (57.9); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.8); tarsus, 20-23 (22.3); 

 middle toe, 13-16 (14.1:).' 



Adult /;y//rt/r'.— Length (skins), 122-130 (125.4); wing, 51.6-55 

 (53.6); tail, 54-61 (55.8); exposed culmen, 11-12 (ll.3); tarsus, 21-23 

 (22); middle toe, 13-16 (14.3).' 



Having but a single Guatemalan specimen (the type of Geothlypis poUocephah, 

 var. crminucha) for comparison with the Central American series, I for the present 

 unite all under one name. The single Guatemalan specimen has the gray of the 

 pileum extended over the hindneck, which apparently is not the case with any of 

 the specimens from farther southward, and it has the wing and tail longer; but a 

 series from Guatemala might show that these differences are not constant. 



Central America, from Guatemala (Retalhuleu) to Chiriqui (Volcan 

 de Chiriqui; Boquete). 



Geothhjpis :L(iuino(:tiarts {not MotadUa lequinocticdis Gmelin) Salvin and Sclatee 

 Ibis, 1860, 27o (Duefias, Guatemala). 



Gcolhlfipis 2}oliocephala, part, Baibd, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 225 (Retalhuleu, 

 Guatemala). 



Oeothhtpis polioccphala (not of Baird) Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Costa Eica).— 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 359, part, pi. 9, fig. 4 (British Hon- 

 duras; Retalhuleu, San Geronimo, and Dueiias, Guatemala). 



Gmlhliipix polioccphala, var. caninucha Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 

 459; in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296. 



[Gcotliljipin jmliocephala] (3. caninuclia Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv., Dec., 1872, 

 459 (Retalhuleu, Guatemala; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Geothljipiis polioccphala . . var. canimicha Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1878, 52 (San Jos6, Costa Rica). 



Gi'ollih/pis caninucha Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 153, 

 part, pi. 9, figi 2 (Patio Bolas, etc., Guatemala; Costa Rica).— Zeledon, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 105 (Costa Rica); Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa 

 Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Los Anonas, Costa Rica) . — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 434 

 (^'olcan de Myiarchusravalles, Costa Rica). 



IGcotlilypix polioccphala'] fi. O. caninucha Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 

 360, in list of specimens, part (Costa Rica). 



' Fifteen .specimens. 



'^ Eight specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average, respectively, as follows: 




BIRDS OK MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 691 



(k'olhlypk caninacha iclerotin Ridgway, Proc. V. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xi, sig. 34, Sept. 20, 

 1889, 539 (Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Chekrie, Proc. U. 8. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 526 (San 3oa6, Costa Rica; crit); Auk, ix, 1892, 22 (San 

 Jos6).— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Escondido, 

 Nicaragua). — B.vngs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete and 

 Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft). 



Geothiypis palpebralis (not of Ridgway) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896- 

 97 (1900), 223 (San Juan Valley, Costa Rica). 



Genus ICTERIA Vieillot. 



/c(ma Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, pp. iii, 85. (Type, Myiarchusscicapa viridis 



Gmelin, = Tardus virens Linnaeus. ) 

 /derio Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 63. 



Very large MniotiltidsB with short, stout, arched and unnotched bill, 

 the tarsus less than one-third as long as wing, tail moderately rounded, 

 with rectrices obtuse or rounded at tips; color olive-greenish above, 

 anterior half of under parts yellow; eyelids, malar stripe, and super- 

 ciliary stripe white, and lores black. 



Bill very much shorter than head, deep (basal depth equal to about 

 half the exposed culmen); culmen strongly curved; maxillary tomium 

 without subterniinal notch; gonys nearly if not quite straight. Nos- 

 tril broadly oval, overhung by rather narrow membraneous operculum. 

 Bictal bristles fairly developed. Wing moderate, rounded (seventh 

 to fifth primaries longest, ninth about equal to fourth); wing-tip equal 

 to or shorter than commissure. Tail equal to or longer than wing, 

 rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with rounded tips. Tarsus about 

 one-third as long as wing or a little less, its scutella indistinct or obso- 

 lete on outer side; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; 

 oasal phalanx of middle toe united for slightly more than half its 

 length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Above plain olive-green or olive-grayish; beneath with 

 anterior half yellow, posterior half whitish; eyelids, superciliary stripe, 

 and malar stripe white, lores black. 



Nidification. — Subarboreal (in brambles or thickets). 



R<mge. — Temperate North America, including Mexico. ^Monotypic.) 



KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF ICTBEIA. 



u. Brighter or more decided olive-green above; white of malar region more restricted 

 (occupying less than anterior half); wing, tail, and bill shorter, the tail usually 

 shorter than wing; adult male averaging, wing 76.6, tail 74.5, exposed culmen 

 14.1; adult female, wing 74.4, tail 71.8, exposed culmen 13.5. (Eastern United 

 States, east of Great Plains, south in winter through eastern Mexico and Cen- 

 tral America to Costa Rica.) Icteria virens vireus, adults (p. 692) 



aa. Grayer oKve-green, or gray tinged with olive-green, above; white of malar region 

 more extended, occupying more than anterior half (at least in adult males); 

 wing, tail, and bill longer; adult male averaging, wing 79.1, tail 81.4, exposed 

 culmen 14.5; adult female, wing 77.6, tail 78, exposed culmen 14.6. (Western 

 United States and Mexican plateau)... Icteria virens longicancla, adults (p. 695) 




692 



BULLETIN 50. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ICTERIA VIRENS VIRENS (Linnaeus). 

 YELIOW-BREASIED CHAT. 



Adidt nude In spring andaniiinuir. — Above plain grayish olive-green, 

 grayer on upper tail-coverts and (usually) lower rump; a superciliary 

 stripe (extending from nostrils to a short distance behind eye), a cres- 

 centic mark on lower eyelid, and anterior portion of malar region 

 white; lores and suborbital region (immediately beneath the white 

 mark on lower eyelid) black or dark slaty; auricular region gray 

 (sometimes tinged with olive-green), with narrow and indistinct paler 

 shaft-streaks; chin, throat, malar region (except anterior portion), 

 chest, breast, upper abdomen, and anterior half or more of sides rich, 

 pure gamboge or lemon yellow, sometimes (in highly plumaged speci- 

 mens) tinged with orange;^ flanks pale gray, buffy gray, or grayish 

 buffy; rest of under parts white, the under tail-coverts sometimes 

 tinged with buff; axillars and under wing-coverts yellow; bill and 

 inside of mouth black; iris brown; legs and feet dusky in dried skins, 

 bluish gray in life; length (skins), 154-173 (162.8); wing, 73.5-81 

 (76.6); tail, 70-83.5 (7-1.5); exposed culmen, 13-11.5 (14.1); tarsus, 

 25-27 (26.3); middle toe, 15.5-17 (16.2).' 



Adalt female in Hprliuj and summer. — Similar to the adult male, but 

 slightly smaller, and more or less duller in coloration," the black or 

 dark slate of lores and suborbital region usually replaced by gray, the 

 yellow of under parts usually less pure or deep (that on sides of breast 

 sometimes tinged with olive), the flanks and under tail-coverts more 

 strongly buffy, and the mandible usually more or less light colored; 

 length (skins), 148-162 (157.4); wing, 72-77 (74.4); tail, 69-75 (71.8); 

 exposed culmen, 13-14 (13.5); tarsus, 25-2Y (25.9); middle toe, 15-16.5 

 (15-7).' 



^ The orange sometimes as irregular patches or blotches. 



^ Ten specimens. 



' Brighter colored females, however, are not distinguishable from duller colored 

 males. 



* Eight specimens. 



Specimens from opposite sides of the Allegheny Mountains average, respectively, as 

 follows: 




BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 693 



[Adults in autumn and winter are like those in spring and summer, 

 but have the olive-green of upper parts more decided, the flanks and 

 under tail-coverts more strongly bufly, and the bill light colored, the 

 maxilla being, in both sexes, horn color and the mandible pale l)rown- 

 ish yellow or buffy, in dried skins.] 



Toang, first plumage. — Above uniform olive or dull olive-green; 

 lores and suborbital region dull gray; white marks on both eyelids, as 

 in adults, but less distinct, but supraloral streak obsolete; malar region, 

 chin, and throat dull white, slightly tinged with yellow; chest, sides, 

 and flanks plain deep olive-gray or smoke gray; rest of under parts 

 white. 



Eastern United States; north to Myiarchusssachusetts (Berkshire County, 

 Myiarchusiden, etc.), southern New Hampshire (North Conway), New York 

 (Orleans, Yates, Oneida, and Seneca counties), southern Ontario, 

 southern Myiarchuschigan, southern Wisconsin, and southern Myiarchusnnesota — 

 casually to southern Myiarchusine (Portland); west to edge of the Great Plains 

 (eastern South Dakota to San Antonio, Texas); breeding southward to 

 southern Texas (Brownsville, Hidalgo, Lomita, etc.), and upper por- 

 tions of Gulf States in general ?. In winter southward through east- 

 ern Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica (San Jose; Lagarto). 



[Twrdus] virens LiNNiEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 171 (based on Yellow-breasted 

 Chat, Oenanthe americana, pectore luteo, t'atesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 50, 



pi. 50). 

 Icteria virens Baird, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 228. — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 



N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Yucatan); Bull. U. S. Nat. 



Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 17 (Chihuitan and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Nov., Jan.). — 



Fkantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (Costa Rica). — Susik^hrant, Mem. 



Best. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 54 (Vera Cruz, winter).— Coues, Check List, 1S78, 



no. 100; 2d ed., 1882, no. 144. — Baird, Bbewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 307, pi. 15, fig. 12.— Brewster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 1875, 



137 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia; habits; song). — Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (Myiarchusssachusetts and Connecticut, rare summer r^sid.); 

 XX, 1878, 303 (North Conway, New Hampshire, breeding.) — Bidgivay, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (descr. young); Norn. N. Am. Birds, 18S1, no, 

 123; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 171.— Sennett, Bull. U. S. (ieol. and Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., iv, 1878, 13 (Brownsville and Hidalgo, Texas, breeding); v, 1879, 388 

 (Lomita, Texas, breeding). — Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 124 

 (Fort Brown, Texas, breeding). — Rathbun, Rev. List Birds Centr. New 

 York, 1879, 14 (rare summer resid.). — Lint.ver, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 

 1883, 180 (Albany, New York).— Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 216 (song).- MyiarchusIl- 

 WRAiTH, Auk, i, 1884, 389 (Hamilton, Ontario, 1 spec); Birds Ontario, 1894, 

 380 (s. Ontario, breeding). — Ferrari-Perez, Proc. IJ. S. Nat. JMyiarchuss., ix, 1886, 



138 (Chietla, Puebla, Dec). — American Orithnologists' Union, Check List, 

 1886, no. 683.— Platt, Trans. Meriden Sci. Assoc, ii, 1885-86, 50 (Meriden, 

 Connecticut; occasional summer resid.). — Butler, Bull. Brookville Soc. N. 

 H., no. 2, 1886, 36 (Franklin Co., Indiana; common summer resid. ) . — Allen, 

 Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i, 1886, 259 (Essex Co., Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding).— 

 (?) Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., w. Texas, spring migr. ).— John- 

 son, Auk, V, 1888, 116 (Myiarchusiden, Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding).— Cooke, Bird 

 Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 260 (s. e. South Dakota; s. w. Myiarchusnnesota, etc.; dates 




694 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of migr.).— EvERMANN, Auk, vi, 1889, 28 (C^aiToU Co., Indiana, breeding).— 

 Faxon, Auk, vi, 1889, 104 ( Berkshire Co. , Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 pair) .—Scott, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 22 (apparently not occurring on Gulf coast of Florida!).— Cheekie, 

 Auk, vii, 1890, 337 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Oct. 26 to Myiarchusr. 1) ; ix,1892, 22 (do.); 

 Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 14(Lagarto, s. w. Costa Rica, 1 spec.).— 

 Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 583 (e. Kansas, summer resid.).— Myiarchusller, 

 Auk, viii, 1891, 119 (Highland Light, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec, Sept. 10).— 

 Attwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding).— Todd, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 398 (Beaver Co., Pennsylvania, breeding); x, 1893, 41 (Indiana 

 Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 

 258, pi. 15, fig. 3.— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1898, 485 (Eio 

 Escondido and Greytown, Nicaragua, Oct. 14 and Feb. 4). — Brown (N. C), 

 Auk, XI, 1894, .331 (Portland, Myiarchusine, accidental). — Savage, Auk, xii, 1895, 

 393 ( West Seneca, w. New York, June 17). — Uleey and Wallace, Proc. Ind. 

 Ac. Sci., 1895, 158 (Wabash, Indiana, summer resid.). — Obekhoij^eh, Bull. 

 Ohio Agric. Sta., tech. ser., i, 1896, 329 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, rare sninmer 

 redd.).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., viii, 1896, 277 ( Chichen-Itza, 

 Yucatan). — Hadley, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1897, 195 (Wayne Co., Indiana, 

 common summer resid.). — Williams, Auk, xv, 1898, 332 (Oneida Co., New 

 York, breeding). — Posson, Auk, xvi, 1899, 195 (Orleans Co., New York, 

 Myiarchusy 8 and 31).— Dwight, Auk, xvi, 1899, 217, 219, pi. 3, lower fig. (sequence 

 of plumages).— Stone (C. D.), Auk, xvi, 1899, 285 (Yates Co., New York, 

 breeding). — Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 115 (Louisiana, 

 breeding). 



[Icteriiil mreriK Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5819. — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 

 1872, 108. 



[Icierhi oirens .] a. rirens Coues, Birds N. AV., 1874, 77. 



[Ideria rirens Invgicmidn] a. I'lnms Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 320. 



I[cteria] vireiis Nelson, Bull. Essex. Inst, viii, 1876, 101 (n. e. Illinois, breed- 

 ing). — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 312. — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N.Am. 

 Birds, 1887, 527. 



[Myiarchusscicapa] riridis Gmelin, Syst. Nat, i, pt. ii, 1788, 936 (based on Merle verde 

 de, la Caroline, Merida viridis carolinenm, Brisson, Orn., ii, 315; Yellow-hreagled 

 Chat, Oenanthe americana, pectore luteo, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 50, pi. 

 50).— Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 482. 



Myiarchussci-capa viridis Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 356. 



Icieria viridis Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 252; Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., ii, 1826, 69; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 111 (Mexico); Geog. and 

 Oomp. List, 1838, 25.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 299.- 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 223; v, 1839, 433, pi. 137; Synopsis, 1839, 163; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed.,iv, 1842, 160, pi. 244.— Pbabody, Rep. Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, 

 297.— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 248; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 176.— Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 403 (Costa Rica).— Sclater, Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 41 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Choctum, Guatemala)— Scl.ater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).- 

 Trippe, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 234 (Decatur Co., s. Iowa, breed- 

 ing). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 157, part.— 

 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 441 (Yucatan).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 373, chiefly. 



(?) [J]cteria riridis Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 18.50, 63 (Mexico). 



IMeria (typographical error) viridis Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853,309 

 (Wisconsin). 



I[cteria'] viridis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 229. 



[Icleria] viridis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 331.— Sclater and Salvin, Norn. 

 Av. Neotr., 1873, 11, part. 




BIKDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 



695 



AmpelU luteus Sparrman, Myiarchuss. Carls., i, fasc. 3, 1788, pi. 70. 



Idma dumieola Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 85 (cites Myiarchusixctcnpa viridh 



Linnaeus); Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 702. — Vieillot and Oudart, Gal. (,»in., i, 



1834, 119, pi. 85. 

 Jcieria dumieola Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1808, pi. 55. 

 Pipra polyglotta Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 90, pi. 6, fig. 1 (cites Myiarchussrinipu viriiUs 



Gmelin). — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., iv, 1825, 251. 

 (?) Tanagra auricoUis Lichtbnstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 18.30, 2 (Mexico; see 



Journ. fur Orn., 1863, 57). 

 [Icieria] auricoUis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 331. 

 Icteria auricoUis Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., 1854, 380, 382. 

 Icieria velasguezi Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 117 (Guatemala); 



Consp. Av., i, 1850, 331.— Sclateb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 298 



(Mexico); 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 373 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca).— 



Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 12 (Guatemala). — Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 20L'. 



ICTERIA VIRENS LONGICAUDA (Lawrenc 

 LONG-TAILED CHAT. 



Similar to I. v. irirens, but wing, tail, and bill longer, the tail alwa3's, 

 or nearly alwaj's, longer than wing, instead of the revei'se; upper parts 

 more grayish olive-green, usually more nearlj' gray than olive-green; 

 white of malar region much more extended, frequentlj^ occupying 

 entire malar area; yellow of under parts averaging deeper. 



Adult mafe— Length (skins), 159-185 (1Y2.8); wing, 75-84 (79.1); 

 tail, 76. 5-86 (81.4) ; exposed culmen, 13. 5-15 (14. 5) ; tarsus, 26-28 (26. 5) ; 

 middle toe, 15-17.5 (16.1).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 162-177 (167.2); wing, 73-80 (77.6); 

 tail, 72-82 (78); exposed culmen, 13.5-15 (14.6); tarsus, 26-27 (26.4); 

 middle toe, 14.5-16.5 (15.3).' 



Western United States, from near eastern border of the Great Plains 

 to the Pacific coast; north to North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, and east- 

 ern British Columbia (Sumas; Thompson Kiver, below Ashcroft); 

 breeding southward over Mexican plateau to the valley of Mexico; in 



' Twenty-three specimens. 

 '' Six specimens. 



Adult males (breeding birds) from different localities average, respectively, as 

 follows: 




696 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



winter, to State of Sinaloa (Myiarchuszatlan, Presidio etc.) and Territory of 

 Tepic. 



Tcteria riridin (not ifiiftcimpa viridis Gmelin) Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., viii, 1839, 153 (n. w. United States). — Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., iii, 1847, 157 (California); .Touni. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 44 

 (do). — Heermann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1853, 269 (Cahfomia).— 

 Henky, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 313 (New Mexico); xi, 1859, 

 106 (do).— (?) ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 173 (City of Mexico).— 

 DuGES, La Naturaleza, i, 1870, 140 (Guanajuato, Mexico). — Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Ani., Aves, i, 1881, 157, part. — Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 373, part (Presidio, near Myiarchuszatlan, Mexico). 



[Lin-in:] /■;ciV;;.s Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11, part. 



Irtcriii i-rla.y/vc:)! (not of Bonaparte) Baied, in Stansjbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 

 18.1-2; 328 (California). 



Tiieriii hmi/icavdii Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1853,4 (California; 

 coll. G. N. Lawrence). — Newberry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 81, 

 pi. 34, lower fig. (San Francisco, Sacramento Valley, etc., California, and ii. 

 to Columbia R. ; winters in California). — Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 

 ix, 1858, 249; ed. I860 (Birds N. Am.), pi. 34, fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 18.59, no. 177; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Fron- 

 tcra, Texas; Nuevo Leon); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 230. — Xaxtus, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).— Heermajjn, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 55 (California). — Sclateb, Cat. Am. Birds, 

 1852, 42 (Nebraska).— Coues, I))iH, 1865, 163 (Arizona); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Pbila., xviii, 1K66, 71 (Fort Whipple, Arizona). — Cooper, Orn. Cal., lS7fl, 

 98.— Finsch, Abh. Nat. Brem., 1870, 331 (Myiarchuszatlan).— Aiken, Proc. Bast. 

 Soc. N. H., 1872, 197 (Colorado). 



[Iitnia] loiif/icmidii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5820. 



[Itii'i-i<i rirni.i.'] Var. longimuiki CoUES, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 108. 



Ii-lin-ia rirenn . . . var. hmgieituda CoUES, Check List, 1873, no. 100a. — Ridgway, 

 Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 1873, 180 (Colorado).— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. 

 Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 42 (Utah), 103 (Apache, Arizona); Zool. Exp. 

 W. 100th J\Ierid., 1875, 206 (localities in Utah, Colorado, and Arizona; New 

 .Alexico) . 



IcIi'rUi rirevn, var. longirciuda Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway', Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 309. — L.\WRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 271 (Myiarchuszatlan and 

 Tepic, w. Mexico, Oct. to Apr.). 



[Jcieria iii-CT.s-] b. longicauda Coves, Birds N. W., 1874, 77. 



\_Icteria lirenx lungicauda] b. longicauda Coues Birds Col. Val., 1878, 321. 



Idcriii rimis, fJ. longicauda Ridqw.\y, Field and Forest, ii, ]\Iay, 1877, 197 (Colo- 

 rado); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1879, 407 (Stockton, etc., California). 



rein-la rireiis . . /3. longicauda Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 436 (Sacra- 

 mento, California; Truckee Valley and West Humboldt Jits., Nevada). 



IriiTin lirens long'icaiidn Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vi, Oct., 1874, 171 (Sacra- 

 mento, California); vii, 1875, 11 (Carson Valley, Nevada); Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 123a.— Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 320, part; Check List, 

 2d ed., 1882, no. 145.— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 537 (La Paz, 

 Lower California, winter). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 

 1886, no. 683(1.— Goss, Auk, iii, 1886, 115 (Meade Co., etc., w. Kansas, breed- 

 ing); Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 585 (w. Kansas, summer resid.).— Lloyd, 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., w. Texas, breeding).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 260 (w. Kansas; San Angelo, Texas, and Tom Green and 

 Concho counties, Texas, breeding). — Ehoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 




BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 697 



54 (Thompson R., below Ashcroft, British Columbia). — Dawson, Auk, xiv, 

 1897, 179 (Olianogan Co , Washington).— Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 107 

 (Sumas, British Columbia, Myiarchusy 26). — Bruner, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., '2d ann. 

 meet., 1901, 57 (Sioux Co., n. w. Nebraska, lireeding). 



I[deria] •!i[i>e)j.s] longirnuda Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 312. 



7[r7ri'ia] rirms lom/imuda Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527. 



[Ideria viridis.l Subsp. a. Idrria longicaudd Siiarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 375, part only? (specimens from San Pedro, Honduras, and Ciuatemalan 

 localities very doubtfully referable to this form!). 



Ide.rki vireii.i (not Turdm rlrentt Linnaeus) Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 

 1872, 1M5 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas), 145 (Cheyenne, Wyoming), 166 (Ogden, 

 Utah), 175; Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (Myiarchusssouri, Yellowstone, 

 and Myiarchussselshell rivers, etc., North Dakota and Montana). — Allen and 

 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 159 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, 

 after Myiarchusy lo). 



Genus GRANATELLUS Bonaparte. 



Granalcllvx Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 312 (ex "Du Bus, Esq. Orn., sub. 

 tab. 24") (Type, <J. venustus Bonaparte.) 



Medium-sized or rather .small stout-billed Mniotiltidse with the outer- 

 most (ninth) primary shorter than innermost (first); the tail nearlj- 

 equal to or longer than wing; bill much shorter than head, with cul- 

 men .strongly curved commissure distinctly arched, and mandible 

 deeper than maxilla; under parts partly red, upper parts gray or bluish. 



Bill much shorter than head, slightly or moderately compressed, 

 with mandible deeper than maxilla; culmen strongly curved, gonys 

 slightly curved or nearly straight; maxillary tomium distinctly con- 

 cave, without subterminal notch; mandibular tomium distinctly convex, 

 except toward tip. Nostril small, circular, in anterior portion of nasal 

 fossfe, surrounded by membrane, but this verj- narrow anteriorly 

 (forming a slender marginal ring), that aljove the nostril scarcely 

 forming an " operculum.'' Rictal bristles obvious but minute. A^'ing 

 moderate, excessivel}- rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, 

 eighth shorter than fourth, and ninth shorter than first); wing- tip 

 not longer than exposed culmen. Tail slightly shorter than wing (in 

 G salkei) to much longer {G. francescai)^ rounded, the rectrices broad 

 and rounded at tips. Tarsus very nearly one-third as long as wing, 

 its scutella fairly distinct (sometimes obsolete or fused on outer side); 

 middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of 

 middle toe united for nearly if not quite its entire length to outer toe, 

 for rather more than half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Under parts partly red; adult males bluish gray above, 

 with tail and sides of pileum black; under parts white laterally, pink- 

 ish red medially; throat white or bluish gray; a broad supra-auricular 

 stripe and, in some species, lateral rectrices partly white. 



Nidification . — U nknown . 




698 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Hi n I (/r.— Mexico (including Yucatan) and Guatemala; Guiana and 

 upper Amazon Valley. (Four species.) 



The three Mexican species of this beautiful genus include two types, 

 which differ slightly in structural details and considerably in pattern 

 of coloration; one type (represented by G. venustut^ and G.francescm) 

 having the tail longer than the wing, the thi'oat and a considerable 

 part of the lateral rectrices white, and the auricular region black; the 

 other (represented l)y G. sallmi) having the tail shorter than the wing, 

 the throat and auricular region gray, and the lateral rectrices wholly 

 black. The single known South American species {G. pelzelni) com- 

 bines the white throat and black auriculars of the first-mentioned 

 group with the shorter tail and wholly black lateral rectrices of the 

 last mentioned. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF GRANATELLUS. 



((. Back, etc., bluish gray or grayish blue; supra-auricular stripe pure white; breast 

 uniform red. (Adult males.) 

 6. Throat white; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions black. 

 <•. Tail witli lateral rectrices extensively white; larger (wing 60 or more, tail 67 

 or more). 

 <L A complete black collar across upper part of chest; smaller ( wing averaging 

 61.;!, tail 67. K, tarsus 20). (States of Sinaloa, Colima, Guerrero, and 

 Oaxata, sriuthwestern Mexico.) . .Granatellus veaustns, adult male (p. 699) 

 dd. No black collar across upper part of chest; larger (wing averaging 66.4, 

 tail 78.1, tarsus 21). (Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, western Mexico.) 



GranatellTis ftincescae, adult male (p. 700) 

 cc. Tail entirely black; smaller (wing 54, tail 45). (Western Brazil to British 



Guiana. ) Granatellus pelzelni, adult male (extralimital)' 



\hi. Throat, and loral, suborbital, and auricular regions, gray. [Grnnatellugsalliei.) 

 c. Darker, the throat and sides of head slate-gray. (Vera Cruz, Mexico, to 



Guatemala) Granatellus sallaei salleei, adult male (p. 701) 



cr. Paler, the throat and sides of head ash gray. (Yucatan. ) 



Granatellus sallaei boucardi, adult male (p. 703) 

 ((((. Back not bluish gray or grayish blue; supra-auricular stripe not pure white 

 (more or less buffy) ; breast buffy (touched with red in immature males). 

 (Aihilt females and immature males.) 

 • h. Lateral rectrices extensively white. 



c. Smaller (wing 58, tail 67, tajsus 20); gray of upper parts darker; forehead 

 nearly concolor with crown and occiput. 



Granatellus venustus, adult female (p. 699) 

 rr. Larijer ( wing 62 or more, tail 75 or more, tarsus 21 or more) ; gray of upper 

 parts paler; forehead much more buffy than crown and occiput (or else 

 partly black). 



'Granatellus pelzelni Sclater. 



Clramili'lhts miustiis (not of Bonaparte) Solater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 375. 



GraiKildlnx pelzelni Sci.ater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 606, 607, pi. 37, upper fig. 

 (Rio Myiarchusdeira, w. Brazil; coll. P. L. Sclater; ex Natterer, manuscript).— 

 Pei,zet,n, Orn. Bras., 1871, 216.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 370 

 (Rio Myiarchusdeira, Brazil; Camacusa, British Guiana). 



QrcmafellKsiiehelviiBAiim, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 231, footnote. 



llcteria.} 2}<'^zelm Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5823. 




BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 699 



d. Breast deeper buff, not touched with red; back, etc., browner gray. 



Granatellus francescae, adult female (p. 701) 

 dil. Breast paler buff, or whitish, with touches of red; back, etc., clearer gray. 



Granatellus francescae, immature, male (ji. 701) 

 hb. Lateral rectrices not extensively white, the terminal portion, only, dull white, 

 not sharply defined. 

 c. Darker, with supra-auricular stripe and chest deep buff or ochraceous-buff. 



Granatellus sallsei sallaei, adult female (]i. 702) 

 cc. Paler, with supra-auricular stripe and cheat cream buff. 



Granatellus sallaei boncardi, adult female (p. 703) 



GRANATELLUS VENUSTUS Bonaparte. 

 DU BUS' RED-BREASTED CHAT. 



Adult male. — Pileum, except laterallv and anteriorly, hindncck, sside.M 

 of neck, back, scapulars, wing-coverts, tertials, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts plain bluish gray or deep plumbeous, slightly more bluish on 

 crown and occiput, the concealed portion of tertials darker; i^rimaries 

 and pi-oximal secondaries dusky, edged with bluish gray; tail lilack, 

 the outermost rectrix with outer web white, except at base, the inner 

 web with nearly the terminal half white, this extending much farther 

 towai'd base next to the shaft than on edge of the web; second rectrix 

 with a large wedge-shaped terminal patch of white, the third with a 

 smaller terminal spot, the fourth sometimes with a very small white 

 spot at tip; forehead, sides of crown and occiput, lores, su))orbitaland 

 auricular regions, and collar extending from the latter ac^'oss upper 

 chest, black; abroad supra-auricular stripe (or elongated patch), malar 

 region, chin, throat, sides, and flanks white; lower chest, breast, abdo- 

 men, and under tail-coverts pure vermilion red; thighs slate color; 

 maxilla dusky horn color with paler tomia; mandible paler (bluish 

 gray in life ?); iris white;' legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried 

 skins); length (skins), 130-135 (133); wing, 60-63 (61.3); tail, 67-69 

 (67.8); exposed culraen, 1^-12:,5 (12.^); tarsus, 19-20 (20); middle toe, 

 10.5-12 (11.2).^ 



Adult femali\ — Above plain slate-gray, the remiges more brownish 

 gray; tail as in the adult male, but duller black, with the white areas 

 on lateral rectrices somewhat more restricted; forehead and lores 

 wood brown, blending gradually into the gray of the crown; a supra- 

 auricular stripe of light ochraceous-buflf; auricular region buffy gray- 

 ish; malar region, chin, and throat dull white, tinged with buff, 

 especially the first; chest, breast, and abdomen buff, the first slightly 

 tinged with pink along the upper margin; under tail-coverts salmon 

 pink or flesh color; sides and flanks buffy white; bill and feet as in 



' Xantus, manuscript. (Probably an error. ) 

 '' Three specimens. 




700 BULLETIJSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



adult male; length (skin), 135; wing, 58; tail, 67; exposed culmen, 

 12.2; tarsus, 19.5; middle toe, 11.5.' 



Western Mexico, in States of Oaxaca (Santa Efigenia), Guerrero 

 (Acapulco), Colima (Sierra Myiarchusdre), and Sinaloa (Rosario; Tatemalis). 



Granatellus venuslus Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 312 (Mexico; ex Du Bus, 

 manuscript) .— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 607, pi. 37, lower fig.— 

 Baikd, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 231 (Sierra Myiarchusdre, Colima).— Lawrence, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 270 (Sierra Myiarchusdre, Oolima).— Lawrence, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Jan.).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 160.— Sharpe, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 369.— Loomis, Auk, xviii, 1901, 110 (Tatemalis 

 and Kosario, Sinaloa; descr. adult female). 



inraiKiteHus} iviiiixtn/! ScLATER and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



llctcriii} mmslus Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5821. 



GRANATELLUS FRANCESCffi Baird. 

 TRES UARIAS RES-BREASTED CHAT, 



Similar to G. vc/vistiis but larger; adult male without any black col- 

 lar across upper chest; with an interrupted white collar across hind- 

 neck; red of under parts more restricted; white on lateral rectrices 

 more extended; graj' of upper parts lighter and less bluish, and mid- 

 dle and greater wing-coverts margined terminally with white; adult 

 female similar to that of G. vemistu.s but larger and paler, with much 

 more white on lateral rectrices. 



Adult 111 ale — Pileum (except anteriorly and laterally) deep bluish 

 gray or plumbeous; rest of upper parts plain bluish slate-gray, the 

 middle and greater wing-coverts narrowlj'^ tipped or terminally mar- 

 gined with white, producing two narrow bands; primaries dusky gray 

 edged with pale bluish gray; an interrupted and mostly concealed 

 white collar across hindneck; tail black, the outermost rectrix with 

 outer web and more than terminal half of inner web white, the second 

 with more than terminal third and most of outer web white, the third 

 with terminal portion extensively white, the fourth with a small 

 wedge-shaped terminal spot or mesial streak of white; forehead, 

 sides of crown and occiput, with loral, suborbital, and auricular regions, 

 black; malar region, chin, and throat white, the lower portion of the 

 latter with a few, mostly concealed, spots of black;" chest, median 

 portion of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure light vermilion 

 red; sides of breast, sides, and flanks, white; thighs gray and white; 

 maxilla dusky horn color or grayish black with paler tomia; mandible 

 much paler (bluish gray in life ?) ; iris brown ; " legs and feet dusky horn 

 color (in dried skins); length (skins), 143-160 (151); wing, 65.5-67.5 



' One specimen, from Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca. 



''Sometimes forming, or at least suggesting, an interrupted collar. 



' Grayson, manuscript. 




BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 701 



(66.4); tail, 75-81 (78.1); exposed culmen, 11.2-12.6 (11.8); tarsus, 

 20-21.5 (21); middle toe, 11.5-13 (12.2).' 



Adult female. — Occiput and hindneck brownish gray, passing 

 gradually into light wood brown or Isabella color on forehead; rest 

 of upper parts clearer gray (between slate-gray and smoke gray), the 

 middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale buff, forming two 

 rather distinct wing-bands; tail as on the male, but the black portions 

 duller, with outer web slate-gray; a broad supra-auricular stripe of 

 buff or ochraceous-buff, passing gradually over eye into the wood 

 brown or isabella color of forehead; lores dull buffy whitish; auricu- 

 lar region pale buffy grayish or dull buffy; malar region, chin, and 

 throat dull white, buffy white, or pale buff; chest and sides pale buff; 

 rest of under parts white or buffy white, the under tail-coverts some- 

 times tinged with pink; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male; length 

 (skins), 142-156 (148.7); wing, 62-64 (62.9); tail, 75-77 (75.7); exposed 

 culmeE, 11.2-12 (11.7); tarsus, 21-21.5 (21.2); middle toe, 11.2-12 

 (11.7).' 



Immature male. — Similar to the adult female but back, etc., clearer 

 gray, sides of pileum (sometimes forehead and part of auricular region 

 also) black, chest and median line of breast and abdomen more or less 

 tinged with pink, and under tail-coverts pink. 



Tres Myiarchusrias Islands, western Mexico. 



GranaleUus francescse Baied, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 2,32 (Tres Myiarchusrias 

 Islands, w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Grayson, Proc. Boat. Soc. 

 N. H., xiv, 1871, 278 (habits).— Lawrence, Mem. Best. Soc. N. H., ii. 1874, 

 270.— Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 307, pi. 11 (crit.).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Avea, i, 1881, 160.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 

 370.— Nelson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 56 (Myiarchusria Myiarchusdre, Tres Myiarchusrias; 

 habits; crit.). 



[Icima2 francescx Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5824. 



GRANATELLUS SALL.flEI SALL/EI Bonaparte. 

 SALLE'S BED-BREASTED CHAT. 



Adult male. — Upper parts plain deep bluish slate, the crown mai'g- 

 ined along each side by a broad but not sharply defined black line; 

 remiges and rectrices black, edged with slate color, the outermost rec- 

 trices with an indistinct wedge-shaped terminal spot of dark gray and 

 (except in worn plumage) margined terminally with white; a supra- 

 auricular stripe of white; loral, orbital, auricular and malar regions, 

 chin, and throat uniform slate-gray; chest, breast, abdomen, anal 

 region, and under tail-coverts pure vermilion red or geranium red; 

 sides of breast, sides, and outer portion of flanks slate-gray; inner por- 



^ Five specimens. ^ Four specimens. 




702 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tion of fliinks (next to red of abdomen) white; maxilla dusky horn 

 color or blackish with paler tomia; mandible paler (bluish gray in 

 life?); legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length(skins), 122.7-128 

 (125.3); wing, 56.6-61. .5 (58.7); tail, 56-57.9 (56.9); exposed culmen, 

 11-12.2 (11.5); tarsus, 18.3-18.8 (1.S.5); middle toe, 10.7-12.2 (11.6;.> 



Adult female. — Above varying from mouse gray to bluish slate- 

 gray, the remiges and rectrices as in the adult male, but tertials and 

 edgings of other remiges grayish brown; no black on sides of crown; 

 supra-auricular stripe buff or ochraceous-buff; auricular region gray- 

 ish or dull buffy grayish; malar region, chin, and throat dull pale 

 buffy; chest, sides, and flanks deep buff; abdomen buffy white; under 

 tail-coverts pale buff; bill, }egs, and feet as in the adult male; length 

 (skins), 117-144.-8 (125); wing, 55.6-57.7 (56.6); tail, 53.8-56 (55); 

 exposed culmen, 11-11.4 (11.1); tarsus, 18.3-19 (18.5); middle toe, 

 10.7-12(11.1).^ 



Southeastern Mexico, in States Vera Cruz (Cordova; Potrero; Buena 

 Vista) and Oaxaca (Playa Vicente; Tuxtepec), and Guatemala (Cahahon; 

 near Tactic). 



Sdophaga xnllrtv "Bonap. and Schleg" Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xlii, Myiarchusy, 

 1856, 957 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). 



(rranatellux sall^i Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lend., July 8, 1856, 292, pi. 120 

 (Cordova); 1858, 97 (a. Mexico); 1859, 374 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; descr. 

 female); 1864, 607.— Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860,397 (Cahabon, Guate- 

 mala).— Sumichrast, Mem. Best. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Potrero, near 

 Cordova, Vera Cruz). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. C.entr.-Am., Aves, i, 

 1881, 161, part (Cordova and Potrero, Vera Cruz; Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; 

 Cahabon and near Tactic, Guatemala). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 371, part (Cordova; Guatemalan localities). 



GraiKitellus xdlluei. Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 232, footnote. 



[Granatcllia'] saHa'i Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



Gmanlellm sallel'SovcMyiarchusD, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 30. 



[Icteria] mllxi Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5822. 



'Three specimens; two from Vera Cruz, one from Guatemala. 



'■^ Four specimens. 



Specimens from ^lexico and Guatemala average, respectively, as follows: 



The series is much too small to show whether there are any constant color differ- 

 ences or not. 




BIKDS OP MIDDLE AND NORTH AMKRICA. 703 



GRANATELLUS SALL^l BOUCARDI Ridgway. 

 BOUGARS'S RED-BREASTED CHAT. 



Similar to G. s. sallm^ but paler; adult male, with .sides of head, 

 chin, and throat pale gray (gray no. 7 or no. 8') in.stead of sliitc-gruy ; 

 adult female with upper parts smoke gray instead of deep mou.se gray, 

 the supra-auricular stripe, chest, etc., cream buff instead of doei) buff 

 or ochraceous-buff. 



AMt male.—li^w^ (skins), 122-125 (123.5); wing, 58-58.1 (5S.2); 

 tail, 51-57.1 (55.7); exposed culmen, 11.1-12 (11.7); tarsus. l,s.s-20 

 (19.4); middle toe, 11.4-12 (11.7).^ 



Adult female. — Length (skin), 119; wing, 57; tail, 56; exposed cul- 

 men, 11; tarsus, 19; middle toe, 11." 



Yucatan. 



Granatelhis salluci (not Setophaga sallici Bonaparte) Salvin and (jouman, Biol. 



Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 161, part (Yncatan). — Boucahd, Pror. Zmt]. Soc. 



Lond., 1883, 441 (Yucatan).— Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchus.s., x, Is.sfi, 371, 



part (n. Yucatan). 

 Gnmaiellus sallai boricardi Kidgvvay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Apr. 2(1, ISS.^i, 



23 (Yucatan; coll. U. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchusa. N. 11., viii, 



1896, 278 (Chichen-Itza, Yucatan). 



Genus WILSONIA Bonaparte. 



TFifeonia Bonaparte,' Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. (Type, Motafilln uiilnilu 



Gmelin. ) 

 Myiodioctes Audubon, Synop. Bird.s North Am., 1839, 48. (T}'pe, Moliifill<t 



mitrata Gmelin.) 

 Myioctonm CABAms, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 18. (Type, MotariUa milralu (imelin.) 



Smaller medium-sized "flycatching" Mniotiltidae, with bill about 

 half as long as head (or less), moderately depressed; rictal biistles 

 moderately developed, reaching but little beyond nostrils; outermost 

 (ninth) primary longer than fifth; under parts yellow, sometimes with 

 throat black or with black spots or streal s across chest; upper parts 

 plain olive-green or gray, with or without black on crown. 



Bill not more than half as long as head (sometimes less), tapering 

 gradually to the tip, the culmen straight to near the tip, where rather 

 strongly decurved; maxillary tomium with subterminal notch distinct; 

 gonys very faintly convex. Nostril longitudinally oval, in lower ante- 

 rior portion of nasal fossae, overhung by broad membraneous opercu 

 lum. Rictal bristles distinct, reaching, when extended forward, decid- 

 edly but not far be3'ond nostrils. Wing moderate, pointed (eighth to 

 sixth, usually seventh, primaries longest, ninth longer than fifth) ;wing- 



' Ridgway' a Nomenclature of Colors, Plate 2. 

 ^ Two specimens. 

 'One specimen. 




704 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tip shorter than tarsus, but decidedly longer than commissure. Tail 

 equal to ( W. canademis) or longer than ( W. mitrata, W. pusilla) dista.nce 

 from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, slightly rounded or double- 

 rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with subacuminate tips. Tarsus 

 decidedly less than to nearly one-third as long as wing, its scutella 

 indistinct (obsolete or fused except on lower portion); middle toe, with 

 claw, decidedl}' shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united 

 for most of its length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Under parts yellow (under tail-coverts white in one 

 species), the throat sometimes black or partly black, the chest some- 

 times streaked or spotted with black; upper parts plain olive-green 

 or gray, with or without black on crown. 



Nidification. — Terrestrial or subterrestrial (in forest undergrowth). 



^an^e.— Whole of North America (except treeless arctic district); 

 south in winter to northern South America, Cuba, and Jamaica; one 

 species,' referred to this genus, peculiar to Colombia and Ecuador. 

 (Three, or possibly five, species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF WILSONIA. 



a. Lateral rectrices with inner webs partly white. 

 6. No whitish or yellowish markings on wings. ( Wilsonia milrata. ) 

 c. Forehead, sides of head, and under parts of body rich yellow; crown, occiput, 

 throat, and chest black. (Eastern United States; south in winter to Cuba, 

 Jamaica, and through eastern Mexico and Central America to Isthmus of 



Panama. ) Wilsouia mitrata, adult male (p. 705) 



cc. Forehead, sides of head, and under parts duller yellow, the first sometimes 

 olive-green; no black on head, throat, or chest, or else the black areas of 

 the adult male imperfectly represented. 



Wilsonia mitrata, adult female (p. 706) 

 bb. Two white or yellowish bands across wing. (Eastern United States.) 



Wilsonia microcepliala, adult male ? (p. 709) 

 aa. Lateral rectrices without white on inner webs. 

 b. Upper parts olive-green; under tail-coverts yellow, like rest of under parts; 

 smaller (wing not more than 60, usually much less). ( Wilsonia pusillu.) 

 c. Forehead and superciliary region bright yellow; crown glossy black. (Adult 

 males and some adult females. ) 

 d. Duller olive-green above, duller yellow below. (Eastern North America; 

 south in winter through eastern Mexico to Guatemala. ) 



Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (p. 710) 

 dd. Brighter olive-green above, brighter yellow below. (Western North 

 America. ) 

 e. Larger (adult male averaging, wing 57.5, tail 50.1; adult female, wing 55.4, 

 tail 48.3); coloration less intense, with upper parts less yellowish, the 

 forehead and superciliary region rich yellow but not inclining to orange. 

 (Western North America in general, breeding from mountains of west- 

 ern Texas to Alaska, but not on Pacific coast south of British Columbia.) 



Wilsonia pusilla pileolata (p. 71-) 



^ Myiarchusjiodioctes meridianalis Pelzeln, Verz. zool.-bot. Gossclsch. Wicn, 1882, 416.— 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 437. 



This species, which may not belong to this genus, is said to resemble W. pusilht, 

 but to differ in being "larger, and having the forehead black, not yellow." 




BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 705 



ee. Smaller (adult male averaging, wing55.4, tail 49. 1 ; adult female, wing 52.9, 



tail 47.8); coloration more intense, with upper parts bright yellowish 



olive-green, the forehead and superciliary region often inclining to 



orange. (Pacific coast district, north to British Columbia; in winter 



south to Cape St. Lucas and Sonora, east during migration to eastern 



Oregon, Arizona, and Chihuahua. )..Wilsouia pusilla ohryseola (p. 714) 



cc. Forehead and superciliary region yellowish olive-green, the crown similar 



but less yellowish. (Immature male and female and some adult females. ) 



d. Duller olive-green above, duller yellow below. 



Wiljonia pusilla pnsilla, immature (see Addenda) 

 dd. Brighter olive-green above, brighter yellow below. 

 e. Larger (averaging wing 55.4, tail 48.3); upper parts less yellowish olive- 

 green, under parts less intense yellow. 



Wilsonia pusilla pileolata, immature (see Addenda) 

 ee. Smaller (averaging wing 52.9, tail 47.8); upper parts more yellowish 

 olive-green, under parts brighter yellow. 



Wilsonia pusilla ohryseola, immature (see Addenda) 



bb. Upper parts gray or grayish olive; under tail-coverts white; larger (wing more 



than 60). (Eastern North America, south in winter through Mexico and 



Central America to Peru. ) 



c. A conspicuous "necklace" of black spots or streaks across chest; feathers of 



pileum conspicuously centered with black. 



Wilsonia canadensis, adult male and some adult females (p. 716) 

 cc. Chest with indistinct olive spots or streaks; feathers of pileum without dis- 

 tinct black centers Wilsonia canadensis, most adult females and 



immature male and female (pp. 716, 717) 



WILSONIA MITRATA (Gmelin). 

 HOODED -WARBLER. 



Inner webs of outermost rectrices partly white; back olive-green, 

 under tail-coverts yellow, and wing exceeding 60 mm. 



Advit male.^ — Forehead and anterior portion of crown, together 

 with loral, orbital, postocular, auricular, suborbital, and malar regions, 

 rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the lores sometimes with a little of 

 dusky or black; rest of head, including throat, together with chest, 

 deep black, that of the chest with an abruptly defined convex posterior 

 outline; hindneck, back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, and 

 upper tail-coverts plain yellowish olive-green, the first sometimes 

 slightly tinged with grayish; wings and tail dusky brownish gray with 

 yellowish olive-green edgings, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped 

 with that color; inner webs of three outermost rectrices extensively 

 white terminally, that on the exterior rectrix occupying more than the 

 terminal half; under parts of body pure rich gamboge or lemon yel- 

 low, becoming olive-greenish on sides and flanks, the under tail-coverts 

 paler yellow; under wing-coverts and axillars pale yellow, or white 



' The coloration is quite the same the year round, except that in autumn and winter 

 specimens the bill (which is nearly black in spring and summer) is more brownish, 

 with the mandible paler than the maxilla, while the yellow of the plumage is often 

 more intense. 



3654^voL 2—01 45 




706 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tinged with yellow, bill blackish in spring and summer, more brown- 

 ish, with mandible paler, in fall and winter; iris brown; legs and feet 

 pale brownish in dried skins (pale flesh color in life?); length (skins), 

 123.2-129.3 (126.2); wing, 65.5-69.1 (67.6); tail, 55.4-59.7 (57.7); 

 exposed culmen, 9.9-11.2 (10.7); tar^s, 19-20.1 (19.7); middle toe, 

 10.7-12.2 (11.7).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but with much less of 

 black on head, sometimes with none; if the black occupies approxi- 

 mately the same area as in the male it is much duller and more or less 

 broken with olive-green on crown and occiput and with yellow on 

 throat; usually, the throat is entirely yellow, sometimes with a more 

 or less distinct indication of a dusky collar across the lower portion or 

 on upper chest, and the crown and occiput are blackish only next to 

 the yellow of forehead and sides of head; when there is no black on 

 the head the pileum is entirely olive-green, becoming more yellowish 

 on forehead; length (skins), 117.3-128.3 (123.7); wing, 60.2-66.8 (63); 

 tail, 52.8-56.4 (53.8); exposed culmen, 9.9-11.2 (10.4); tarsus, 17.8- 

 19.8 (18.8); middle toe, 10.7-11.9 (11.2).' 



Young male in first autuiii.n and winter. — Similar to the adult male, 

 but black of head with feathers narrowly margined with yellowish.' 



Young nude, first plumage. — Above uniform light grayish brown, 

 the remiges and rectrices as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts 

 margined terminally with light wood brown or cinnamon; auricular 

 region olive-yellowish; chin, throat, chest, and anterior portion of 

 sides pale broccoli brown or Isabella color; rest of under parts pale 

 straw yellow, clouded with pale brown. 



Eastern United States, west to edge of the Great Plains; breeding 

 northward to Connecticut (Suffield, etc.), southeastern New York 

 (lower Hudson Valley), central New York (Oneida, Cayuga, and Wayne 

 counties), northeastern Illinois, eastern Nebraska, etc.; southward to 

 South Carolina, Alabama, and Louisiana; occasional northward to Myiarchuss- 

 sachusetts (several records), northeastern New York (Lewis County), 

 southern Ontario (Hamilton; near Port Rowan), southern Myiarchuschigan 

 and Wisconsin; in winter south to Cuba and Jamaica, and through east- 

 ern Mexico and Central America to the Isthmus of Panama; casual 

 in the Bermudas. 



[MotAxcilla^ mitrala Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 977 (based on Mesanged, collier 

 de la Caroline, Farm caroUnensis torijiiatiiK, Brisson, Orn., iii, 578; Gobe-mouche 

 cUrin de la Louidane Bufton, Hist. Nat. Ois., iv., 538; Gobe-inouche de la 

 Louisiane Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 666, fig. 2). 



' Eight specimens. 



' Seven specimens. 



■' This plumage persists until the following spring, a specimen collected Myiarchusy 13 

 having the feathers of the black areas as distinctly margined with yellowish as any 

 autumnal examples. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 707 



MotacillamitrcUa Lsasofi, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 418. 



[Sylvia^ mitrata Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 528. 



Sylvia mitrata YimhLOT, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 23, pi. 77; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., xi, 1817, 253.— Bonapahte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 178; 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 79.— Nuti'ali., Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 

 373.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 68, pi. 60. 



Setophaga mitrata Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 389. — Richardson, 

 Kep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— D'Orbiqny, in La Sagra's, Hist. Nat. 

 Cuba, Ois., 1839, 89.— Hoy, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 309 (Wiscon- 

 sin).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). 



S[etophaga] mitrata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265. 



[Setophaga] mitrata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3534. 



WHsonia mi(rata Bonaparte, Geog. andComp. List, 1838, 23. — Allen, Proc. Essex 

 Inst., iv., 1864, 83 (Myiarchusssachusetts); Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. ZooL, iii, 1872, 175 

 (Kansas). — Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 95. — Stejneger, Auk, i, 

 1884, 231. — American Ornithologists' Union Committee, Auk, xvi, 1899, 

 123 (Check List no. 684).— Howe, Auk, xvi, 1899, 360 (Montville, Connec- 

 ticut, 1 spec, June 18); xvii, 1900, 389 (Gales Ferry, Connecticut, June 23, 

 24).— Bagg, Auk, xvii, 1900, 178 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding) .—Beyer, 

 Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 115 (Louisiana, breeding).— Comey, 

 Auk, xviii, 1901, 397 (Cambridge, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec., Sept. 5, 1901). 



Sylvania mitrata Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2de(l., i, 1S40, 333. — WooD- 

 HODSE, inBep. Sitgreaves'sExpl. Zuniand Col. E., 1853, 69 (Indian Territory 

 and Texas). —RIDGWAY, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., 

 Yucatan); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 174.- Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 46 (West Indian 

 references); Birds W. I., 1889, 60; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 120 (Cuba; 

 Jamaica). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 684. — 

 Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. ISl. H., i, 1886, 2.59 (BrookUne, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec, 



• June 25, 1879) .—Beckham, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., x, 1888, 688 (San Antonio, 

 Texas, Dec. 21).— Dutcher, Auk, vi, 1888, 139 (Fire Island Light, Long 

 Island, 1 spec, Sept. 1); x, 1893,277 (Long Island, 2 specs). — Cooke, Bird 

 Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 261 (s. Nebraska; e. Kansas, breeding, etc.; dates.) — 

 Scott, Auk, vii, 1890, 22 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, late Myiarchusr. to about third 

 week in Apr., rare in fall ; Key West, Myiarchusr. 18 to Apr. 3, Aug. 19 to Sept. 13) . — 

 LooMyiarchuss, Auk, vii, 1890, 129 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breeding up to 

 2,500 ft.); viii, 1891,, 332 (Ceesars Head, South Carolina, breeding up to a 

 little above 2,500 ft.).— Hitchcock, Auk, vii, 1890, 407 (Provincetown, Myiarchuss- 

 sachusetts, June 25).— Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 586 (e. Kansas, sum- 

 mer resid. ).— Howell, Auk, ix, 1892, 306 (Parkville, Long Island, 1 spec, 

 Apr. 30).— Nehrling; Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 263, pi. 14, fig. 3.— 

 Richmond, Proc. U. Si Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Eseondido and Grey- 

 town, Nicaragua, Sept. 24 to Feb. 5).— MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds of Ontario, 1894, 

 381 (near Hamilton, 1 spec, Myiarchusy, and near Port Rowan, occasional). -Pal- 

 mer, Auk, xi, 1894, 282-291 (plumages).— Tuttle, Auk, xii, 1895, 191 (Erie 

 Co., Ohio, Apr. 23).— Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, 

 breeding).— Eastman, Auk, xiv, 1897, 327 (Framingham, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 

 spec, Oct. 15, 1893).— Ehoads, Auk, xvi, 1899, 313 (Westmoreland Co., w. 

 Pennsylvania, Myiarchusy, rare).— Daniel, Auk, xix, 1902, 18 (Dismal Swamp, 

 Virginia, breeding). 



ISylvania'] mitrata Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. 



Slylvania] mitrata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527, 



Myiodioctes mitrata Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 12, pi. 71. 



[Myiodioctes} mitrata Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Xyiodiodes miiratus Jardine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 13 (Bermudas, Myiarchusr. 30)i— 

 HuEDis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 13 (Bermudas; same occurrence).— 




708 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 33.— Baird, Rep. Pacific K. K. Surv., ix, 1858, 292; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 211; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 239.— Sclateh and Sal- 

 viN, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala; Honduras); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1864, 

 347 (Panama R. R.).— Myiarchusrtens, Journ. fiir Orn., 1859, 212 (Bermudas).— 

 Taylor,- Ibis, 1860, 110 (Comayagua, Honduras).— Bland, Ann. Rep. 

 Smithson. Inst, for 1859 (1860), 287 (Bermudas). — Gundl.^'h, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1872, 419 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, Ois., 

 1865, 237; Orn. Cuba, 1873, 71.— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 478 (San Antonio, 

 Texas, migr.).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1863, 484 (Panama R. R.); 

 ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).— Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 

 1869, 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, winter).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5 (Fort 

 Leavenworth) .—CotiES, Check List, 1873, no. 101; 2d ed., 1882, no. 146; 

 Birds N. W., 1874, 78; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 324 (synonymy).— Tkippb, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1873, 235 (Myiarchushaska Co., s. Iowa, 1 spec.).— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 314, pi. 15, 

 figs. 10, 11.— Brewster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 1875, 138 (Ritchie Co., West 

 Virginia; habits; song). — Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 

 (Connecticut); xix, 1878, 303 (Connecticut, summer resid.). — Merriam, 

 Trans. Conn. Ac, i, 1877, 25 (Connecticut); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 

 7 (Lewis Co., New York, 1 spec, Sept. 9). — Nelson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 i, 1876, 42 (near Chicago, Myiarchusy 10; Waukegan, Myiarchusy 20).— Purdie, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (Suflfield, Connecticut, 1 spec). — Mearns, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 71, 72 (plumage of female).— Bicknell, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 130 (Riverdale, New York, breeding; Fort 

 Lee, New Jersey, breeding); Auk, i, 1884, 216 (song). — Ridgway, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 164 (Mount Carmel, Illinois, breeding); Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 124.— Brown (N. C), BuH. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 

 1878, 174 (Coosada, Alabama, breeding). — Rathbun, Revised List Birds 

 Centr. New York, 1879, 14 (Cayuga and Wayne counties, breeding, com- 

 mon). — Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 117 (Brookline, Myiarchusssachusetts, 

 1 spec, June). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 167 

 (Izalairi, Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras; Retalhuleu, Duenas, Coban, and 

 Ohoctum, Guatemala; etc.). — Boucakd, Proc Zool. Soc Lond., 1883, 441 

 (Izalam, Yucatan).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 437. 



[Myiodiodes} mitratiis Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 48. — Coues, Key N. Ara. Birds, 

 1872, 109.— ScLATER and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



Mlyiodioctes} inilratvs Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 101, 152 (n. e. Illinois, 

 rare summer resid.). — Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— 

 Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 313. 



Myodioctes milrata Pratten, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc, i, 1855, 601. 



Myiidioctes mitratus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 358 (Honduras). 



Mlyioctonus'] mitratus Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 18. 



Myioctonm »«i7 rates (iundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855,472 (Cuba); 1861,407 (do.). 



Slylvicolal mi(r(i(a, Myiarchusximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 113 (lower Myiarchusssouri K.). 



Myiodioctes mitartus (typographical error) Gibbs, Nat. and Fancier, Aug., 1877, 31 

 (breeding habits). 



Myiarchusscicapa cucullata Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 101, pi. 26, fig. 3.— Bonaparte, 

 Journ. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 177. 



Myiarchusscicapa pilmla Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 399 {cites Sylvia mitrata 

 Latham ) . 



Myiarchusscicapa selbii Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 46, pi. 9 (near St. Francisville, 

 Louisiana, July 1; = adult female without black on head). 



Myiarchusscicapa selbii Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 296. 




BIRDS OV NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 709 



WILSONIA MICROCEPHALA Ridgway. 

 SMALL-HEADED WARBLEE. 



Olive-green above, yellowish beneath, the wing with two whitish 

 bands and inner webs of lateral rectrices partly white. 



Adult male m. — "Upper parts dull olive-yellow; the wings dusky 

 brown, edged with lighter; the greater and lesser [i. e., middle] coverts 

 tipped with white; the lower parts dirty white, stained with dull yellow, 

 particularly on the upper parts of the breast; the tail dusky brown, 

 the two exterior feathers marked like those of many others, with a 

 spot of white on the inner vanes; head remarkablj' small; bill broad 

 at the base, furnished with liristles, and notched near the tip; legs dark 

 brown; feet yellowish; eye dark hazel.'" Total length, 127; extent of 

 wings, 209.5. 



Pennsylvania and New Jersey; also, according to Audubon, Ken- 

 tucky. 



1 am unable to satisfactorily dispose of this hypothetical species 

 by reference to any other, the peculiar combination of characters 

 indicated in the original description, quoted above, being shared by 

 no other bird to my knowledge.^ 



Mmdcapa minuia (not of Gmelin) Wilson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 62, pi. 50, fig. 5 

 (New Jersey, etc.). — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 179. — 

 NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 296. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 

 1839, 291, pi. 434, fig. 2; Synopsis, 1839, 44; Birds Am., oct. ed., i, 1840, 238, 

 pi. 67.— (?)Peabody, Rep. Orn. Myiarchus.s8., 18.39, 296 (Myiarchusssachusetts).— (?) Put- 

 nam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 226. 

 Sylvia minuta Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197. 

 Wilaouia minuta Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. — Allen, Proc. Essex 

 -Inst., iv, 1864, 83; Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 577.^Ribgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 iii, 1880, 174, 234.— Stejneger, Auk, i, 1884, 231. 

 Setophaga minuta Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172. — (?) Hoy, 



Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 309 (Wisconsin). 

 [Setophaga] minuta Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3537. 

 Myiodioctes minutus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 293; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 212; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 241.— Turnbull, Birds E. 

 Penn., 1869, 53 (Phila. ed., p. 42).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, i, 1874, 316, pi. 16, fig. 2.— Brewer, Proc. Best. Soc. N. H., xvii, 

 1875, 440 (Wenham, Myiarchusssachusetts).— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 126.— Myiarchusynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1882, 521.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 431, footnote. 

 Myiodioetesf minutus Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 326 (synonymy; crit.). 

 Myiarchussdcapa or Myiodioctes ''minuta" Coues, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 275. 

 Slyhania] minvXa Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527. 



Syhania pumilia [not Sylvia pumilia Vieillot, 1807) Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 334 (cites Si/li'ia pumilia Vieillot' and Myiarchussicapa minuta 

 Wilson). 



' Wilson's original description. 



'See Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 293; Coues, Birds Col. Val., 326. 



^Sylvia pumilia Vieillot (Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 39, pi. 100) I am unable to 

 identify with any American bird; certainly it is not the same as Myiarchussdcapa minuta 

 Wilson. 




710 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEFX. 



Syhania mwrocephala Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, lo85, 354 

 (substitute for names minuia and puiniliri, preoccupied).— Ambhican Okni- 

 THOLOGisTs' Union, Check List, 1886, 357 (Hypothetical List, no. 25). 



Slylvania'] microeephala Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527. 



WILSONIA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Wilson). 

 ■WIISON'S WARBLEK. 



Adult mafe.— Forehead, superciliary region, orbital region, and entire 

 under parts gamboge or lemon yellow, the sides and flanks slightly 

 tinged with oJive-green; crown glossy blue-black, the feathers slightly 

 elongated, distinctly outlined; rest of upper parts uniform olive-green, 

 the auricular region and sides of neck similar but rather more yellow- 

 ish; maxilla dark brown, more blackish terminally; mandible paler 

 brown, especially toward base; iris brown; legs and feet light brown- 

 ish; length (skins), 103-113 (108.1); wing, 53-57.5 (55.6); tail, 46.5- 

 50.1 (48.1); exposed culmen, 7-9 (8); tarsus, 17-19 (18.2).^ 



AAult female. — Similar to the adult male and often not distinguish- 

 able; usually, however, slightly duller in color, with black crown- 

 patch more restricted or more or less obscured by olive-green tips or 

 margins to the feathers; sometimes the black entirely absent, the 

 whole pileum, except forehead, being olive-green, the forehead and 

 superciliary region yellow; length (skins), 104-113 (107.2); wing, 52- 

 55 (53.6); tail, 46-49.5 (47.5); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.4); tarsus, 17- 

 18.5 (17.9).' 



Eastern North America; north to Newfoundland, Labrador (Eskimo 

 River), shores of Hudson Bay, and Myiarchusnitoba; west to eastern edge of 

 the Great Plains; breeding southward to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 

 Myiarchusine, Myiarchusssachusetts?, Ontario (Ottawa), etc.; in winter south to 

 Santo Domingo and eastern Mexico in States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo 

 Leon (Monterey), Puebla (Huexotitla?; Puebla?), Vera Cruz (Jalapa?; 

 Cordova?), etc.; occasional during migration in Colorado (Fort Gar- 

 land, Myiarchusy), Arizona (Tucson, Myiarchusy; Fort Whipple, Myiarchusy), and other 

 parts of the Rocky Mountain district. 



Myiarchusscicapa pusnlla Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 103, pi. 26, fig. 4.— Bonaparte, 

 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 179.— Wiu-iSi Ann. Rep. Smithson. 

 Inst, for 1858 (1859), 281 (Nova Scotia). 



Wilsonia pvsUla Bonapaete, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.— Allen, Proc. 

 Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 64 (Myiarchusssachusetts; breeding?) .—Couiffi, Bull. Nutt 

 Orn. Club, v, 1880, 95.— Stbjneger, Auk, i, 1884, 231.— Chapman, Bull. Am. 

 Myiarchuss. N. H., X, 1898, 25 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz) .—American Ornithologists' 

 Union Committee, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123. 



Syhania pusilla Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840,335, part.— 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1866, no. 685, part.— (?) Fee- 

 rari-Perbz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 137 (Puebla and Huexotitla, 

 Puebla, Oct., Nov.; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Sept.).— Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 

 175.— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 261 (Myiarchusssissippi Valley localities 



'■ Nineteen specimens. '■' Ten specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOBTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 711 



and dates).— (?) Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuse., xiii, 1890, 624 (Myiarchusnitoba, 

 breeding).— Neheling, Orn. Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 273, pi. 13, flg. 8.— 

 MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds Ontario, 1894, 382 (Ottawa, breeding). 



[Myiodiodes} pudlla Bonapahtb, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 



Myiodioctes pusillus Baihd, Lit. Eec. and Journ. Linn. Assoc. Penn. Coll., i, Oct., 

 1845, 252; Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 293, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 213, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 240, part.— (?) Sclatee, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 263 (.Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz).— (?) Sumicheast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Vera Cruz, in 

 winter).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 102, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 147; 

 Birds N. W., 1874, 79, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 326, part.— Salvin, Ibis, 

 1873, 334 (Santo Domingo). — Baird, Brewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 317, part, pi. 16, figs. 3, 4.— Beewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xvii, 1875, 440 (Myiarchusine, breeding). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 

 no. 125. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 168, part. — 

 Batchblder, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 110 (upper St. Johns R., Myiarchusine 

 and New Brunswick, breeding). — Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 

 1883, 371 (Anticosti I., breeding).— Stearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 

 117 (Eskimo R., Labrador, breeding). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 435, part. 



[Myiodioctes'] pcsiUm Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109, part. — Sclatee and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



Mlyiodioctes] pusillus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 313, part. 



Mlyiodiodes} pusilus Jordan, Myiarchusn. Vertebr. E. U. S., 4th ed., 1884, 69. 



(?) Myiidiodes pusillus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299 (La Parada, 

 Oaxaca, Jan.). 



Myiodioctes pusillus van pusillus Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 457, 

 part. 



"[Myiodioctes ]nmllus.} a. M. pusillus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 436, 

 over list of specimens, part. 



[Myiodioctes pusillus'] var. pusillus Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 313, part. 



Sylvia viilsonii Bonapaete, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 179; Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., ii, 1826, 86.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 408. 



Setophaga ivilsonii JAKDif!^, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 391. 



Myiarchusscicapa wilsonii Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 148, pi. 124.- Peabody, Rep. 

 Orn. Myiarchusss., 1839, 297. 



Myiodioctes wilsonii Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 50; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 21, 

 pi. 75 (Labrador; Newfoundland).— Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst, 1," 1856, 206 

 (Myiarchusssachusetts; breeding?).— Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 

 (1859), 282 (Nova Scotia). 



Sylvania m/somj Woodhouse, in Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 

 69 (Indian Territory; Texas). 



(?) Sylma petasodes Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (Mexico^); see 

 Journ. fiir Orn. 1863, 57. 



(?) Abromis atrimpiUa Blyth, Ibis, 1870, 169 ("China"; see Finsch, Pro& Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1875, 640, 641 1). 



' The interrogation mark indicates doubt as to whether Lichtenstein' s and Blyth's 

 birds are true W. p. punlla or the western form ( W. p. pileolata). 




712 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MFSEDM. 



WILSONIA PUSILLA PILEOLATA (Pallas). 



PIIEOLATED WARBLER. 



Similar to W. p. jmsilla, but averaging larger; coloration brighter, 

 the upper parts more yellowish olive-green, the yellow of under parts 

 brighter. 



J.(iMZ!!ma?«.— Length (skins), 105-114(109); wing, 55-60 (57.5); tail, 

 47-52 (50.1); exposed culmen, 7-9 (8.3); tarsus, 18-20 (18.9).^ 



Adult fem.ale.—L&ngi\x (skins), 105-116 (109.2); wing, 54.6-57 (55.4); 

 tail, 47.5-50 (48.3); exposed culmen, 7.5-9 (8.5); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.8).' 



Western North America; breeding throughout the Rocky Mountain 

 district, from western Texas (Chisos Mountains), New Mexico ?, and 

 Arizona ?, in higher mountains, northward to Alaska, including coast 

 district (Kadiak, Yakutat, Sitka, etc. ) as well as throughout the interior, 

 westward to eastern Oregon (Fort Klamath; Tillamook) and Queen 

 Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; during migration over the whole 

 of western North America (less commonly along the Pacific coast of 

 United States ?), and eastward across the Great Plains to Myiarchusnnesota 

 (Fort Snelling, Myiarchusy), western Myiarchusssouri (Independence), etc. ; in winter 

 southward over whole of Mexico and Central America to Chiriqui 

 (Boquete). 



Motacilla pileolata Pallas, Zoogr. Eosso-Asiat. , i, 1826, 497 (Kadiak Island, 



Myiodioctes pusillus va,T. pileolata Ribgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 457, 



part; Am. Nat., vii, 187.8, 608, part (diagnosis, etc.). 

 Myiodioctes pudllus var. pileolatus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist, N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 319, part.— Lawrence, Bull. U. S.'Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 16 



(Guichicovi, Chiapas). 

 [Myiodioctes pusiUus] fi. pileolata Ridqway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 437 (Truckee 



Valley, Nevada, Aug. 6; lower Humboldt Valley, Nevada, Sept. 5; West 



Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept. 9). 



' Twenty-one specimens. 

 '' Ten specimens. 



Specimens from Kadiak Island compare with others in average measurements as 

 follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 713 



(l)MyiodioctespvMllus pileolatus Mbaens, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 164 (Fort 

 Klamath, Oregon, Apr.) . 



Myiodioctes piisUlm pileolatus Myiarchusnot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 228 (Seven 

 Lakes, Colorado, breeding) . — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 125a, 

 part.— CotiEs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 148, part. — Bean, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., V, 1882, 147 (Yakutat and Kadiak, Alaska). — Allen and Beew- 

 STEE, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 159 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, 

 after Myiarchusy 12).— Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902,61 (Boquete, 

 ■ Chiriqui, Jan. 16 to 24). 



Myiodioctes pusilhis var. pileolata Coues, Check List, 1873, App., p. 125, no. 102a, 

 part. 



Wilsania pusilla pileolata Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 95, part. — 

 Ridgway, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 174, part. — Nelson, N. Am. 

 Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 60 (Tres Myiarchusrias). — American Ornithologists' Union 

 Committee, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123.— Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 49 

 (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Clolurabia, breeding) . 



Syhania pusilla pileolata Ridgway, Proe. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 354, 

 part. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 685rt, part. — 

 Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 204 (coastof Alaska).— (?) Scott, 

 Auk, V, 1888, 36 (Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona, migrant). — (?) Merrill, 

 Auk, V, 1888, 362 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, breeding). — Cheerie, Auk, vii, 

 1890, 337 (San ,Tos6, Costa Rica, Oct. 27 to Myiarchusr. 6).— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 55, part (Vancouver I., etc., British Columbia; 

 crit); Auk, x, 1893, 23, part (do.; see Auk, xi, 1894, 50).— Jouy, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 777 (Juanacatlan, Jalisco, Jan.).^-GRiNNELL, Auk, xv, 

 1898, 129 (Sitka, Alaska). 



S[ylvania'] pusilla pileolata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 528, part. 



M[yiodiocles plusHlus} pileolatus CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 314, 

 part. 



[Myiodioctes pvsillus.} /3. M. pileolatus Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 437, 

 in list of specimens (Presidio, Sinaloa; Guatemala; Irazu district and Bar- 

 ranca, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui, etc.). 



Myiarchusscicapa pusilla (not of Wilson) Heney, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 308 

 (New Mexico). 



Sylvania pusilla Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 335, part. — 

 Gambel, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 38, part (Rocky Mts).— Nelson, 

 Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 204 (Yukon Valley, Norton Sound, Kot- 

 zebue Sound, etc.). — Townsbnd, -Auk, iv. 1887, 13 (Kowak R., Alaska). 



WUsonia pusilla AiA,ES, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175 (Colorado, breed- 

 ing from 8,000 ft. to timber line; Wyoming; Utah). 



(?) %io(iioctespiaiZZMyiarchusScLATEEandSALviN, Ibis, 1859, ll(Duenas, Guatemala).— 

 Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 325 (Costa Rica).— Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 

 63 (Myiarchusckenzie R.).— Loed, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst., iv, 1864, 115, part (British 

 Columbia) .—Deessee, Ibis, 1865, 478 (Texa9).—FRANTZins, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1869, 294 (Costa Rica).— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 34 (Mexico); Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 374 (Oaxaca).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,1870, 

 183 (Volcan de Chiriqui).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (Costa 

 Rica). 



Myiodioctes pusillus Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 293, part; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 213, part; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 

 1859, 10 (Frontera, Texas; Monterey, NuevaLeon); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 

 240, part. —Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 71 (Fort Whipple, Arizona, 

 breeding in mountains); Check List, 1873, no. 102, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 

 147; Birds N. W., 1874, 79, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 326, part.— Law- 




714 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



RENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Barranca, Grecia, and San .Tos6, Costa, 

 Kica); Mem. Boat. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 270 (Guadalajara, Jalisco; Tepie; 

 Colima).— Butcher, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 149 (Laredo, Texas).— 

 DALLand Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci.,i, 1869, 278 ( Yukon R.,Kadiak, 

 and Sitka, Alaska).— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 101, part.— Aiken, Proc. Best. 

 Soc. N. H., 1872, 197 (Colorado, Myiarchusy).— Finsch, Abh. Nat. Brem.,iii, 1872, 

 36 (Alexandrovsk, Alaska).— Trippe, in Coues Birds N. W., 1874, 232 (Col- 

 orado, breeding near timber line).— Baikd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 317, part.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's 

 Surv., 1873 (1874), 59 (Denver, Colorado, Myiarchusy 14), 75 (South Park, Colo- 

 rado, June 24, and Garland, Myiarchusy 28), 103 (Apache and Bowie, Arizona, 

 Sept., Oct.); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 207, excl. syn., part.— 

 EiDGWAY, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 32 (Wasatch Mts., Utah, breeding).— 

 Nelson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xviii, 1875, 343 (mountains s. of FortBridger, 

 Wyoming, summer).- Salvin and Godm.;\x, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 

 168, part.— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 494 (Irazii, Costa Rica).— 

 MyiarchusLenegan, Cruise "Corwin," 1884, 114 (Kowak R., Alaska).— Sharpe, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 435, part. 



IMyiodioctes'] pusillus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109, part.— Sclater and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



(?) [Myiidioctes pusillus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299 (La Parada, 

 Oaxaca). 



Myiodioctes pusillus var. pusillus Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 457, 

 part. 



[Myiodioctes pusillus'] a. pusillus Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 437 (West 

 Humboldt and East Humboldt mountains, Nevada, Aug., Sept. ; Antelope 1., 

 Utah, Myiarchusy 24). 



(?) [Myiodioctes pusillus.] a. M. pusillus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 

 436, in list of specimens, part (Oaxaca; Duefias and Coban, Guatemala; 

 Irazu district, Costa Rica). 



[Myiodioctes pusillus] var. pusillus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 313, part. 



(?) M[yioctonus] pusillus Cabanis, Myiarchusg. Rein., i, 1850, 18 (Mexico). 



WILSONIA PUSILLA CHRYSEOLA Ridgway. 

 GOLDEN PILEOLATED WARBLER. 



Similar to W. jp. 2nleolata, but slightly smaller and much more 

 brightly colored; olive-green of upper parts much more yellowish, 

 almost olive-yellow in extreme examples; yellow of forehead and 

 superciliary region (especially the former) inclming more or less to 

 orange; yellow of under parts purer, more intense. 



Adult iniiU'. — h&ngt\i (skins), 104-117 (110.5); wing, 53-59 (55.4); 

 tail, 45-5;i (49.1); expo.sed culmen, 7-9 (8.3); tarsus, 17-19.5 (18.2).' 



Adult frmale. —IjQugth (skins), 104-115 (108.6); wing, 50-55 (52.9); 

 tail, 45..5-50 (47.8); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.5); tarsus, 17-19.5 (18.3)." 



Pacific coast district of United States and British Columbia; breed- 

 ing from southern California (San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and 

 Ventura counties) northward to British Columbia (New Westminster; 

 Mount Lehman); during migration southward and eastward to eastern 



' Twenty-four specimens. ^ Ten specimens. 




BIRDS OF TNORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 7l5 



Oregon (Fort Klamath, Myiarchusy, August), Arizona (Pinal County, Sep- 

 tember, October; Lowell, April; Fort Verde, Myiarchusy; Sua Francisco 

 Mountains, August 31; Cienega; Tucson), Chihuahua (San Diego, 

 April 15), Sonera (San Jose Mountains, October), and Lower Cali- 

 fornia (to Cape St. Lucas). 



(?) Sylvania pudlla (not Myiarchusscicapa pusilla Wilson) Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2d ed., 1840, 335, part (Oregon). 



Sylvania pmilla Gambel, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 38, part (California). 



Myiodioctea pusillus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 293, part; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 213, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 240, part.— Heer- 

 mann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 39 (California).— (?) Xantus, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).— Cooper and 

 SucKLEY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 182 (Fort Steilacoom, 

 Washington).— (?) Lord, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst. Woolwich, iv, 1864, 115, 

 part (British Columbia).— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 101, part.— Coue.s, Check 

 List, 1873, no. 102, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 79, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 

 326, part.— Skarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 4,35, part. 



IMyiodioctes] pus-iUus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109, part. 



Myiodioctes pusillus Y&r. pileolata Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec, 1872, 457, 

 part; Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 608, part. 



Myiodioctes pusillus, var. pileolalus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 319, part. — (?) Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Specs. Wheeler's Surv., 

 1876, 2,34 (Fort Tejon and Mount Whitney, California, Aug., Sept.). 



Myiodioctes pusillus pileolatus Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, Jan., 1879, 40 

 (Nicasio, Myiarchusrin Co., California; descr. youngfemale); vii, 1882, 139 (Cienega, 

 Tucson, etc., Arizona; crit. ) — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 125i(, 

 part. — Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 148, part 



Mlyiodioctesl p[usillus1 pileolalus Coues, Key N. Am, Birds, 2(1 ed., 1884, 314, part. 



Myiodioctes pusillus . . var. pileolala Coles, Check List, 1873, App., p. 125, 

 no. 102a, part. 



Myiodioctes pusillus, §. pileolata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, Myiarchusrch 21, 1879, 

 407 (central California). 



Wilsonia pusilla pileolala Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 95, part. — Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 174 part. — American Ornithologists' Union 

 C0.M.MITTEE, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123, part.— Kobbe, Auk, xvii, 1900, 357 (Cape 

 Disappointment, Washington, breeding). — Myiarchusillard, Condor, iii, 1901, 126 

 (San Benito Co., California, breeding). 



(^.) Myiodioctes pileolatus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, Myiarchusrch 20, 1879, 391 

 (Calaveras Co. , California). 



Sylvania pusilla pileolata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 354, 

 part. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 68,5a, part. — 

 EvERMANN,-Auk, ill, 1886, 185 (Ventura Co., California, breeding). —Bel- 

 ding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 20) breeding at Poway, San Bernardino 

 Valley, Los Angeles, Santa Cruz, etc., California).— Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1893, 55, part (Vancouver I., British Columbia; crit.); Auk, x, 

 1893, 23, part (do.).— Grinnell, Rep. Birds Santa Barbara L, etc., 1897, 8 

 (Santa Barbara L, California, Myiarchusy 14-16); Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 

 47 (Los Angeles Co., California; summer resid. in willow districts). 



S[ylvania] pusilla pileolata Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 528, part. 



(?) [Myiodioctes pusillus.l fi. M. pileolatus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. , x, 1885, 

 437, in list of specimens, part (west side Rocky Mts., British Columbia; 

 California). 




716 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



WILSONIA CANADENSIS (Linnaeus). 

 CANADIAN WARBLEE. 



Upper parts gray tinged with olive in young and autumnal speci- 

 mens; under tail-coverts white. 



Adult maZe.^— Forehead and crown black, the feathers (except some- 

 times those on forehead) margined with gray, producing a scaled ap- 

 pearance; forehead sometimes with a median line (more or less distinct) 

 of yellowish; rest of upper parts, together with sides of neck and 

 posterior portion of auricular region, plain gray (nearly slate-gray); 

 upper and anterior portion of lores, malar region, and under parts 

 (except under tail-coverts) lemon or canary yellow, the outer portion 

 of sides and flanks slightly tinged with olive; under tail-coverts white, 

 sometimes tinged with yellow toward anal tegion; a conspicuous orbital 

 ring of white or yellowish white, more decidedly yellowish on upper 

 portion; loral spot, suborbital region, together with anterior and lower 

 portion of auricular region, black; this continued (sometimes brokenly) 

 along sides of lower neck (between the gray and the yellow) and con- 

 tinued across the chest in a series of spots or streaks;^ bill dusky horn 

 color, the mandible paler, except (sometimes) at tip; iris brown; legs 

 and feet pale buffy brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 121-131.3 

 (125.7); wing, 64.5-67.1 (66.3); tail, 54.6-57.1 (56.1); exposed culmen, 

 10.2-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 18-19.6 (19); middle toe, 10.7-11.9 (11.2).' 



xidiilt female. — Above, including auricular region and sides of neck, 

 plain gray, tinged with olive, especially on back and pileum, the latter 

 often showing darker centers to feathers of forehead or forehead and 

 crown; upper and anterior portion of lores and conspicuous orbital 

 ring pale yellow or yellowish white; loral spot and suborbital region 

 dusky olive-gray, this sometimes continued posteriorly along lower 

 portion of sides of neck; malar region and under parts, except under 

 tail-coverts, lemon or canary yellow (slightlj' paler and duller than in 

 adult male); under tail-coverts white; chest streaked with olive, the 

 streaks sometime partly black;* bill, iris, and feet as in the adult male; 

 length (skins), 116.1-124.7 (119.6); wing, 60.4-64.5 (62.5); tail, 51-53.3 



' Judging from Central and South American specimens, the plumage of the adult 

 male is apparently the same in autumn and winter as in spring and summer. 



'^ The amount of this black spotting or streaking of the chest varies greatly in differ- 

 ent specimens, some having the whole chest so heavily spotted with black (the spots 

 being deltoid in shape) that they overlap and almost form a "solid" patch, while 

 others have only a few small guttate spots or streaks across the anterior portiou; 

 usually, the markings, in amount and character, are about halfway between these 

 extremes. 



' Eight specimens. 



* In adult females having black streaks on the chiest the feathers of forehead and 

 crown are distinctly centered with black. Such specimens are very much like those 

 adult males having the least amount of black streaking or spotting on the chest. 




BIEDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEBIOA. 7l7 



(52.6); exposed culmen, 9.9-11.1 (10.7); tarsus, 17.8-19 (18.3); middle 

 toe, 9.4-11.7 (10.7).^ 



Immature male in first autumn and tointer: — Quite similar in colora- 

 tion to the adult female. 



Immature female in first autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult 

 female and immature male, but upper parts more strongly tinged with 

 olive, and mai'kings on chest much less distinct, sometimes obsolete. 



Young., first plumage. — Above plain broccoli brown or drab, the 

 feathers ash gray beneath the surface; middle and greater wing-coverts 

 broadly tipped with buff, forming two distinct bands across wing; rem- 

 iges and rectrices brownish gray, with edges slightly paler; sides of 

 head and neck, chin, throat, chest, and sides of breast pale buffy brown; 

 rest of under parts pale straw or primrose yellow. 



Eastern North America; north to Newfoundland, southern Labi'ador 

 and Myiarchusnitoba (Lake Winnipeg); west to eastern edge of the Great 

 Plains, casually to Colorado (Lincoln County, Myiarchusy 23); breeding south- 

 ward to Myiarchusssachusetts (Winchendon; Berkshire County; Essex 

 County), central New York (Oneida County), southern Ontario, Myiarchusch- 

 igan (Myiarchusckinac Island), and Myiarchusnnesota (St. Louis and Lake counties), 

 and southward through mountains of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West 

 Virginia to North Carolina (2,500 to 1,000 feet) ; in winter south through 

 eastern Mexico and Central America to Ecuador (numerous localities 

 and records) and Peru. 



[Mmckapa] canadensis Linnsus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 327 (based on Gohe- 

 mouche cendre de Canada, Myiarchusscicapa canadensis cinierea, Brisson, Orn. ii, 406, 

 pi. 39, fig.4).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat.,i, pt.ii, 1788, 937.— Latham, Index Orn., 

 ii, 1790, 484. 



Myiarchusscicapa canadensis Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 100, pi. 26, fig. 2. — Stephens, 

 Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 350.— Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 810.— Bona- 

 parte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,ii,1824,178.— Audubon, Orn. Biog.,ii, 1834, 

 17, pi. 103. 



Setophaga canadensis Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 358. 



Sletophaga^ canadensis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265. 



{Setophaga} conaderwis Gray, "Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3536. 



Myiodioctes canadensis AvDVBOi^, Synopsis, 1839, 49; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 

 14, pi. 72.— ScLATEH, Proc. Zool. See. Lond., 1854, 111 (Quijos, Ecuador); 1855, 

 143 (Bogota, Colombia); 1858, 64 (Kio Napo, e. Ecuador), 451 (Gualaquiza 

 andZamora, Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 34 (Bogota).— Putnam, Proc. 

 Essex Inst., i, 1856, 206 (Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding).— Bryant, Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia).— Baird, Eep. Pacific R. E. Surv., ix, 

 1858, 294; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 214; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 239.— 

 Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., vii, 1862, 467 (Panama R. R. ) ; ix, 1868, 95 (Dota Mts., Costa Rica) .— 

 BoAHDMAN, Proc. Bost. Soc, ix, 1862, 125 (Myiarchusine, breeding).— Blakiston, 

 Ibis, 1863, 63 (Saskatchewan).— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 478 (Texas).— MoIl- 

 • wraith, Proc. Essex Inst. , v, 1866, 86 ( Hamilton, Ontario) .—Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Dota, Costa Rica).— Frantzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 



^ Seven specimens. 




718 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



294 (Costa Rica) .— CouBS, Check List, 1873, no. 103; 2d ed., 1882, no. 149; 

 Birds N. W., 1874, 80; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 323.— Baird, Bkewer, and 

 RiDGvvAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 320, pi. 16, fig. 6.— Brewer, Proc.Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (New England; summer resid.).— Brew,ster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60(descr. young).— Hatch, Geol. and Nat. Hist. 

 Surv. Myiarchusnn, for 1879 (1880), 160 (St. Louis and Lake counties, Myiarchusnnesota, 

 breeding).— Goss, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 246 (Neosho R., Kansas, 

 Aug. 29).— RIDGWAY, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 127.— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 166.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss.,x, 

 1885, 432 (Duenas, Retalhuleu, Volcan de Fuego, and Coban, Guatemala; Irazu 

 district, -Costa, Rica; Bogota, Colombia; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; "Mexico;" 

 "Brazil").— Taczanowski and Berlbpsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 74 

 (Myiarchuschay and Myiarchuspoto, Ecuador, Nov., Feb.).— Salvadohi and Festa, Boll. 

 Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Toriro, xv, no. 351, 1899, 8 (Valle del Zamora and Valle 

 del Rio Santiago, e. Ecuador, Dec, Myiarchusr.).— Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. 

 Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Apr. 7). 



[Myiodwdesl canadenm Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109.— Sclater and Sal- 

 vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



M[yiodiocles] canadensis Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 101, 152 (n. e. Illi- 

 nois, a few breeding).— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 314. 



Dendra'ca canadensis (not Dendroica canadensis Baird) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lend., 1874,508 (centr. Peru); 1879, 223 (Tambillo, n. Peru). (See 

 Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 6.) 



Eliitlilyjiis} canadensis Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 18. 



Euthlypis canadensis Cabanis, Journ. tiir Orn., 1860, 326 (highlands Costa Rica).— 

 Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, Myiarchusr.). 



M'ihonia canadensis Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 95.— Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 174. — American Ornithologists' Union Com- 

 mittee, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123.— Aiken, Auk, xvii, 1900, 298 (Lake, Lincoln 

 Co., Colorado; 1 spec, Myiarchusy 23, 1899). 



Sylvania canadensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Sept. 2, 1885, 354; Orn. 

 Illinois, i, 1889, 176. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 686. — Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 175 (mountains of w. North Carolina, 

 breeding from 3,000 ft. upward); v, 1888, 392 (Winchendon, Myiarchusssachusetts, 

 breeding).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i, 1886, 259 (Berkshire and Essex 

 counties, Myiarchusssachusetts, breeding). — Ralph, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc, iii, 

 1886, 142 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Lloyd, 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 297 (Concho Co., Texas, 1 spec, August). — Lawrence (R. B.), 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 349 (Pike Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Cooke, Bird Myiarchusgr. 

 Myiarchusss. Val., 1888, 262 (e. Nebraska; e. Kansas; s. e. Texas, etc.; dates of 

 migr. ).— Cherrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 337 (San Jos6, Costa Rica, Sept. 29 to 

 Oct. 6),— Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiii, 1890, 624 (Myiarchusnitoba, breed- 

 ing).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsyl- 

 vania, breeding) ; Auk, xi, 1894, 182 (Pocono Mts., Pennsylvania, breeding).— 

 Todd, Auk, viii, 1891, 399 (Butler and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania, 

 breeding); x, 1893, 46 (Clearfield Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Dwight, 

 Auk, ix, 1892, 139 (Cresson and North Mt, Pennsylvania, breeding).— 

 White, Auk, x, 1893, 229 (Myiarchusckinac I., Myiarchuschigan, breeding).— Nehrling, 

 Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 269, pi. 13, fig. 8.— MyiarchusIlwraith, Birds 

 Ontario, 1894, 383 (s. Ontario, breeding). —Rhoads, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1895, 497 (Roan Mt. and Monroe Co., North Carolina, breeding between 

 2,500 and 4,000 ft.).— Congdon, Auk, xii, 1895, 189 (Dingmans Ferry, Pike 

 Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Young, Auk, xiii, 1896, 285 (Delano and 

 Hazle Creek Junction, Pennsylvania, breeding). — Baily, Auk, xiii, 1896, 

 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 137 (West 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 719 



Virginia, breeding in spruce belt).— Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 44 (Myiarchuss- 



koka, etc., n. w. Ontiirio, common summer resid. ). 

 Sylvia parJalina Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 179 (cites 



M. canadensis Wilson) ; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 79.— NurrALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. 



U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 372. 

 Sybdcola pardalina Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22. — Brewer, Proc. 



Best. Soc. N. H., vi, 1856, 5 (descr. nest and egga). 

 [^fl|iodiocte8] pardalina Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. 

 Myodiodespardalina Fr&tten, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc, 1855, 601. 

 Myiarchusscicapa bonaparlii Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 27, pi. 5 (St. Francisville, 



Louisiana, Aug. 13;=young in autumn). 

 iSelaphaga bonapartii Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor. -Am., ii, 1831, 225, 



pi. 47. 

 [Seloplmga] bonaparlii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3538. 

 Wilsonia bonapartii Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. — Stejneger, 



Auk, i, 1884, 231. 

 Myiodioctes bonapartii Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 49; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 



17, pi. 73.— Baihd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., i.x, 1858, 295; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 



1859, no. 215. 

 Sylvania bonapartii Nutpall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1-840, 332. 

 Selophaga nigro-cincta Lafresnaye, Rev. ZooL, iv, Oct., 1843, 292 (Colombia); 



1844, 79. 

 Myiodiodes cserulescens (lapsus for canadensis) Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 



no. 4, 1876, 16 (Barrio, Oaxaca; Guichicovi, Chiapas). 



Genus CARDELLINA DuBus. 



CardeKnaDuBus, Esquis.Orn., 1850, pi. 25. (Type, C. amicla DaBua,=Myiarchusscicapa 

 rubrifrons Giraud. ) 



Medium-sized "fly-catching" Mniotiltidse with the bill short and 

 stout (basal depth nearly equal to basal width, exposed culmen not 

 longer than middle toe without claw), the culmen decidedly curved; 

 rictal bristles reaching but little beyond nostrils; wing-tip equal to 

 tarsus; tail even; rump and under parts of body white, back gray, fore- 

 head and throat red, crown and auricular region black. 

 Bill not more than half as long as head, deeper than broad at anterior 

 • margin of nostrils, nearly as deep as broad at base; culmen decidedly 

 curved; maxillary tomium with subterminal notch indistinct; gonys 

 faintly convex. Nostril rather large, obliquely oval, occupying about 

 lower anterior half of nasal fossse, largely concealed by latero-f rontal 

 feathering. Rictal bristles moderately developed, the longest reach- 

 ing but little beyond nostrils, when directed foiward. Wing long, 

 rather pointed (seventh primary longest, eighth and sixth but little 

 shorter, the ninth intermediate between sixth and fifth); wing-tip long, 

 equal to tarsus. Tail decidedly shorter than wing but longer than dis- 

 tance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries, even, the rectrices broad 

 and rounded at tips. Tarsus about one-fourth as long as wing or 

 slightly more, its scutella indistinct or obsolete on outer side; middle 

 toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe 

 united for nearly its entire length to outer toe, for about half its 

 length to inner toe. 




720 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Coloration,. — Upper parts gray, with a nuchal band and the rump 

 white; crown and auricular region black; forehead, lores, chin, throat, 

 and post-auricular region red; sexes alike. 



Mdification. — Terrestrial. 



Range. — Southwestern border of United States to highlands of Gua- 

 temala. (Monotypic.) 



CARDELLINA RUBRIFRONS (Giraud). 

 RED-FACED WARBLER. 



Adult maZe.— Forehead, lores, eyelids, suborbital region (except 

 posterior portion), malar region, chin, throat, upper chest, and sides 

 of neck vermilion or poppy red, jnost intense on forehead; crown, 

 anterior portion of occiput, auricular region, and posterior portion of 

 suborbital region uniform glossy black; a transverse patch or band of 

 white (usually more or less tinged with pink) on nape, partly hidden 

 by the elongated black feathers- of occiput; hindneck, back, scapulars, 

 lesser wing-coverts, and upper rump uniform graj' (varying from 

 slate-gray t mouse gray); lower rump white, sometimes tinged with 

 pink; upper tail-coverts gray (rather paler than back, often with still 

 paler or even sometimes whitish tips, especially the shorter coverts; 

 larger wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices dusky gray with slate-gray 

 edgings the middle coverts more or less distinctly and rather broadly 

 tipped with white or pale gray; under parts of body white, more or 

 less strongly tinged with pink, especially on breast, shading into gray 

 on sides of breast and anterior portion of sides; bill brownish, the 

 maxilla darker; legs and feet horn brown (in dried skins); len'th 

 (skins), 118-135 (124.5); wing, 65.5-T0.5 (68.1); tail, 57-61 (59.4); 

 exposed culm' n, 8-9 (8.6); tarsus, 17-18.5 (17.7).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male in coloration and often 

 quite indistinguishable, but usually very slightly duller in color and 

 averaging a little smaller; length (skins), 113-126 (121.5); wing, 63-70 

 (66); tail, 55.5-61 (58.5); exposed culmen, 7.5-9 (8.6); tarsus, 17-18.5 

 (17.9).' 



^ Eleven specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average respectively as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 721 



Tmmg in first autumn and lointer.^ — Similar to the duller colored 

 adults, but much duller, the red of throat, etc. , paler, inclining to flesh 

 color, white of under parts and nuchal patch tinged with buff or salmon 

 color, and gray of upper parts more brownish. 



Tmng, first plumage. — Upper parts, including entire pileum, plain 

 sooty brown, the pileum and hindneck sometimes inclining to prouts 

 brown or raw umber; rump white; upper tail-coverts brownish gray 

 with paler tips; wings grayish dusky with paler grayish edgings, the 

 middle and greater coverts tipped with dull buff' or pale brownish 

 buffy, forming two more or less distinct bands; tail as in adults; sides 

 of head like pileum; chin, throat, and chest plain light buffy grayish 

 brown or broccoli brown, the sides of neck similar but more buffy; 

 rest of under parts dull white, shaded on sides (especially sides of 

 breast) with pale brownish gray or grayish brown. 



Higher mountains of southern Arizona (Mount Graham, Catalina 

 Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, etc.) and New Mexico (Fort Bay- 

 ard) and southward over more elevated parts of Mexico to highlands 

 of Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego; Totonicapam). 



Myiarchusscicapa rubrifrons Gieaud, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, folio 27, pi. 7, 

 fig. 1 ("Texas").— ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1855, 66 (referred to 

 genus Cardellina). 



Setophaga rubrifrons Baikd, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 

 ("Texas"). 



Cardellina rubrifrons Sclatbe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 66, in text; 1858, 299 

 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 374 (Cinco Senores, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 

 1862, 37 (s. Mexico).— Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Survey, ix, 1858, 306 

 (synonymy); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 264 (Mexico; Totonicapam, Guate- 

 mala). — Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 192 (Volcan de Fuego and Totonicapam, Guate- 

 mala); 1874, 99 (do.).— Hbnshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 211 

 (Mount Graham and mountains near Apache, Arizona; breeding habits). — 

 CouEs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 331; Check List, 2ded., 1882, no. 150.— Allen, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 89.— Beewstbe, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 

 68 (Fort Bayard, New Mexico, July 16). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 131. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 162. — 

 Shaepb, Oat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 408.— Scott, Auk, ii, 1885, 353 

 (Pima Co., Arizona); v, 1888, 36 (Catalina Mts., Arizona). — Ameeioan 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 690. — Peicb, Auk, v, 1888, 

 385 (Huachuca Mts., Arizona; breeding habits).— Nbhrling, Our Native 

 Birds, etc., i, 1893, 280, pi. 32, fig. 2. 



[CardeUina] rubrifrons Sclatee and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



C[ardellina] rubrifrons Ooues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 314.— Ridgway, 

 Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531. 



BasUeuterus rubrifrons Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz). 



Cardellina amicla Du Bus, Esq. Orn., 1850, pi. 25. 



[Cardellina'] aTOcJa Bonapaetb, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 312. 



[Setophaga'] amida Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3531. 



' This plumage apparently retained during the second year. 

 3654— VOL 2—01 1:6 




722 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Genus SETOPHAGA Swainson. 



Setophaga Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser. , i, Myiarchusy, 1827, 368. (Type, Myiarchusscimpa 



rutidlla Linnaeus. ) 

 (Mophaga (emendation) Lesson, Myiarchusn. d'Orn., ii, 1828, 430. 

 Sylvania, part, Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 290. (Proposed as 



a substitute for ,Setophaga Swainson; see Coues, Auk, xiv, 1897, 223.) 



Small "fly-catching" Mniotiltidse with the bill much shorter than 

 head, much depressed, triangular or broadly wedge-shaped in vertical 

 profile, with rictal bristles not reaching nearly to tip; ninth primary 

 longer than fifth; tail decidedly shorter than wing, rounded; adult 

 males (both sexes in one species) black, varied with red (or orange) 

 and white. 



Bill about half as long as head, much depressed, broad at base, its 

 vertical profile triangular or broadly wedge-shaped; culmen sharply 

 ridged, straight for basal half or more, strongly decurved terminally; 

 commissure nearly straight, the maxillary tomium with distinct sub- 

 terminal notch. Nostril longitudinally oval or elliptical, in lower 

 anterior portion of nasal fossae, overhung b}' a broad membranous 

 operculum. Rictal bristles conspicuously developed, but not reach- 

 ing much if any beyond middle of bill (when directed forward). Wing 

 rather long, pointed (ninth to seventh or eighth to sixth primaries 

 longest, the ninth equal to or longer than fifth, sometimes longer than 

 sixth); wing-tip equal to tarsus (A', ridirillti) or a little .shorter 

 {S. picta). Tail shorter than wing, but decidedly longer than distance 

 from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, decidedly rounded, the rec- 

 trices rather broad, subacuminate {S. rutlcilht) or rounded {S. pictd) 

 at tips. Tarsus slightly less than one-fourth as long as wing, its scu- 

 tella rather distinct; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tar- 

 sus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length 

 to outer toe, for about half its length, or less, to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Adult males (both sexes of one species) black, varied 

 with red (or orange) and white; head, neck, and upper parts uniform 

 black; breast with a median patch of red (extending to abdomen) or 

 with lateral patches of orange or 3?ellow (extending to under wing- 

 coverts); wings with a large white patch on greater or middle coverts, 

 or with basal portion of secondaries extensively pale orange or yellow; 

 lateral rectrices extensively white, or else with basal half or more 

 pale orange or yellow. 



Mdification. — Arboreal in 8. rutidlla., terrestrial (in holes of 

 banks, or beneath projecting stones) in 8. picta. 



Range. — Temperate North America, to highlands of Guatemala; in 

 winter throughout West Indies and to northern South America. (Two 

 species.) 



The two species of Setophaga differ very slightly in the details of 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 723 



external structure, certainly not enough to warrant their generic sepa- 

 ration. The type species, S. rntlrilld, has the outermost (ninth) pri- 

 mary sometimes equal to or longer than the sixth, sometimes shorter; 

 in S. pkta it is much shorter, or only a little longer than the fifth, 

 the eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries being nearly equal and Jono-- 

 est, while in S. mticllla the ninth, eighth, and seventh are sometimes, 

 but not always, all longer than the sixth. In S. jjicta the bill is rela- 

 tively smaller and the rictal bristles relatively somewhat shorter; the 

 rectrices are obtusely rounded at tips, and the sexes are alike in 

 coloration; whereas in S. ruticilla the bill and rictal bristles are 

 slightly more developed, the rectrices are subacuminate at tips, and 

 the sexes very different in color. ^ 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF SETOPHAQA. 



a. Head, neck, and upper parts black. 

 6. The black glossy; under parts partly red, orange, yellow, 

 c. Basal half or more of secondaries and lateral rectrices pale orange or yellow; 

 middle and greater wing-coverts black; side.s of breast orange or yellow; 

 axillars and under wing-coverts orange or yellow; median portion of breast 

 and abdomen white. (Temperate North America, except parts of south- 

 western portions; West Indies and through Central America to northern 



South.America in winter. ) Setophaga ruticilla, adult male (p. 724) 



cc. Secondaries wholly black or with white edges; lateral rectrices largely white; 



middle and greater wing-coverts white; sides of breast black; axillars and 



under wing-coverts white; median portion of breast and abdomen vermilion 



red. 



d. Third rectrix with greater part of its outer web and a large portion of the 



inner web (at end) white. (Highlands of Mexico, north to southern Ari- 



_ zona, etc. ) Setophaga picta picta, adult male and female (p. 728) 



dd. Third rectrix with outer web entirely black, the inner web with little if 

 any white. (Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas. ) 



Setophaga picta guatemalae, adult male and female (p. 729) 

 56. The black without gloss, more sooty; under parts dusky grayish or sooty, with- 

 out red, orange, or yellow, 

 c. Third rectrix with more white (as in " d " above). 



Setophaga picta picta, young (p. 728) 

 cc. Third rectrix with little if any white (as in "dd" above). 



Setophaga picta guatemalae, young (p. 729) 

 aa. Head grayish (paler, almost white, on throat) ; rest of upper parts olive or olive- 

 grayish (tail blackish or dusky), the basal portion of secondaries and lateral 

 rectrices pale yellow. 



Setophaga ruticilla, adult female and young male (pp. 724, 725) 



' For at least the firsfyear, the male of S. ruiieilla resembles the adult female in 

 coloration, two years, or more, being required to complete the full adult livery. In 

 S. picta, on the other hand, both sexes molt, in the first autumn, directly from the 

 sooty nestling plumaee (without red on under parts) into the adult dress. 




724 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linnaeus). 

 AMERICAN REDSTART. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, chest, and upper parts uniform black, 

 with a more or less decided bluish gloss, except on remiges, and rec- 

 trices; basal portion of remiges (except two innermost tertials) and 

 more than basal half of rectrices, except two (sometimes only one) 

 middle pairs, pale orange, saturn red, or salmon-pink, this occupy- 

 ing the full width of both webs; ' a large patch on each side of chest 

 and breast, together with axillars and under wing-coverts, bright saturn 

 red; ^ rest of under parts white, usually with more or less of black be- 

 tween the orange-red lateral patches and the white in middle of breast;" 

 longer under tail-coverts sometimes partly black or dusky; bill wholly 

 black in spring and summer, more bi'ownish, with mandible paler 

 brown, in fall and winter;* iris brown; legs and feet dark brown or 

 blackish; length (skins), 117-127 (121.3); wing, 61-67 (63..5); tail, 

 52-58 (55.1); exposed culmen, 7-9 (8.6); tarsus, 17-19 (17.9); middle 

 toe, 9-11(10.1).' 



Admit female. — Verj' different from the adult male. Pileum and 

 hindneck plain mouse gray; back, scapulars, and rump plain light 

 olive or grayish olive-green; upper tail-coverts, middle rectrices, and 

 terminal portion or other rectrices dusky; wings dusky (not so dark 

 as dusky portion of tail) with light olive edgings; basal portion of 

 remiges and rectrices (except one or two middle pairs of the latter and 

 two innermost secondaries) light yellow, that on the remiges more 

 restricted than the orange-red in the male, often not showing at all on 

 primaries; sides of head paler gray than pileum, especially the lores 

 and superciliary region; malar region, chin, throat, and chest dull 

 grayish white; rest of under parts more decidedly white, with a con- 



' Sometimes the outer web of outermost primary and more rarely that of the one 

 next to it (eighth) has none of this color at the base; usually it is edged with it. 

 The extent of the pale orange or saturn red on the remiges varies considerably, but 

 nearly always it occupies less than half the exposed portion of the secondaries, except 

 sometimes on the innermost ones, and on the primaries never involves more than the 

 basal third, usually much less. The rectrices next to the middle pair usually have 

 the basal half of outer web salmon-pink, the inner web entirely or mostly black. 



^ There is little variation in this color, which is practically the same in at least 90 

 per cent of the specimens examined; very rarely, however, the orange-red is replaced, 

 not only on sides of breast but also on the wings and tail, by yellow. 



'Often there is a "solid" patch of black between the lateral orange-red and 

 median white, sometimes extending backward as far as the flanks; more rarely the 

 black ends abruptly on the chest, with a roundeil or convex posterior outline. Fre- 

 quently the white portions are tinged with orange-red, especially on sides and flanks; 

 very rarely the white is entirely replaced by orange-red. (See Mearns, Bull. Nutt 

 Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 70.) 



* There is no difference in color of plumage according*to season, except that fall 

 and winter specimens, being in fresher feather, are rather more richly colored. 



' Fifteen specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 725 



spicuous patch of yellow on each side of chest and breast, the median 

 portion of breast, together with sides and flanks, sometimes tinged 

 with yellow, bill dark brown or brownish black in summer, pale brown 

 in winter; iris, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 112-121 

 (116.9); wing, 58-66 (61.1); tail, 49-58 (54.1); exposed culmen, 8-9 

 (8.8): tarsus, 15-18 (17.1); middle toe, 9-11 (10.4).' 



Immature male!'' — Similar in coloration to the adult female and 

 sometimes indistinguishable,^ but usually (?) with the back, etc., more 

 brownish olive and the yellow patch on side of breast more orange or 

 salmon color. 



Immature female. — Similar to the adult female but gray of head 

 and neck more brownish, less strongly contrasted with olive of back; 

 throat and chest (especially the latter) tinged with brownish buff; yel- 

 low on sides of breast less distinct, and that at base of secondaries 

 almost (sometimes entirely; concealed. 



Young {both sexes), frst plnmnge. — Above plain grayish brown, 

 beneath plain grayish white, deepening into pale gray on chest; no 

 yellow on sides of breast; wings and tail as in older birds, but middle 

 and greater wing-coverts tipped with dull white or pale yellowish, 

 forming two bands. 



Temperate North America in general, except Pacific coast district 

 and western portions of Rocky Mountain district, within the United 

 States; breeding northward in the Atlantic coast district to Nova Scotia, 

 in the interior to Myiarchusckenzie (Fort Simpson, Fort Resolution, etc.), and 

 on the Pacific coast to southern Alaska (Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay), 

 westward to Utah (Wasatch Mountains), Idaho (Fort Sherman), east- 

 ern Washington (Okanogan County), and British Columbia (chiefly east 

 of Cascade Mountains), southward to Myiarchusssissippi, etc.; occurring cas- 

 ually or occasionallj^ in California (Haywards, June 20), Oregon (John 

 Day River, July 1), Lower California (Myiarchusraflores and La Paz, Feb- 

 ruary, Myiarchusrch), Arizona (Catalina Mountains, August 2, Tucson, spi'ing), 

 ajid other parts of extreme western United States; in winter south 

 throughout West . Indies, Mexico, and Central America to northern 

 South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad, and British 

 Guiana). 



IMoiacUla] ruticilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 186 (based on The Red- 

 Start, Ruiidlla americana, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 67, pi. 67). 



\_Mmdcapa] ruiidlla Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 326.— Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat, i, pt. ii, 1788, 9.35.— Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 478. 



Myiarchussdcapa ruiidlla Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 33 (ex Gobe-mou£he,d' Amerique, 

 Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 566, figs. 1, 2).— Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 

 66, pis. 35, 36.— Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 103, pi. 6, fig. 6; v, 1812, 119, 

 pi. 45, fig. 2.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xi, 1817, 362.— Bonaparte, 



' Eleven specimens. 



^ The male is several years in acquiring the full plumage. 



'Unless some specimens have been incorrectly determined as to sex. 




726 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 170; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 68.— 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 202, pi. 40; v, 1839, 428; Synopsis, 1839, 44; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., i, 1840, 240, pi. 68.— D'Orbigny, in La Sagra's Hist. 

 Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 87.— Denny, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 38 (Ja- 

 maica; Cuba). — Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 281 

 (Nova Scotia). 



Myiarchussdcapa (Sylvania) ruticilla Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 291. 



Setophaga rulicUbi Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., n. s., i, 1827, 368; Zool. Journ,, iii, 

 Myiarchusy, 1827, 360; Isis, 1830, 1156.— Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.- 

 Am., ii, 1831, 223.— Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 118 (Guate- 

 mala); Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 24.— Nuttall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2d cd., i, 1840, 327.— Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 164.— Cabanis, in 

 Schomburgk's Reis. Brit, (tuiana, iii, 1848, 66; Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 472 

 (Cuba); 1860, 325 (Costa Rica).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 111 

 (Quijos, Ecuador); 1855, 144 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 289 (Mexico), 292 

 (Cordova, Vera Cruz) ; 1859, 374 (PlayaVicente,Oaxaca); 1860, 84 (Ecuador), 

 292 ( Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador) ; 1861, 72 (Jamaica) ; 1864, 172 ( Valley of Mex- 

 ico); 1876,14 (Santa Lucia) ; 1889,326 (Dominica), 395 (Santa Lucia); Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 36 (Pennsylvania; Trinidad). — Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1855,472 (Cuba); 1861, 326 (do.); 1S72, 419 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 

 i, 1865, 237; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 187 (Porto Rico); Orn. Cuba, 

 1873, 70.— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia); vii, 

 1859, 111 (Bahamas); x, 1866, 250 (Porto Rico); xi, 1867,91 (Santo Domingo); 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1866, 1S4 (Porto Rico).— Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 

 231 (Santo Domingo).— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 297; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 217; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 256. —Sclater and Sal- 

 viN, Ibis, 1859, 12 (Belize, British Honduras); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1868, 166 (Venezuela); 1870, 780 (Merrda, 

 Venezuela). — Newton (A. and E. ), Ibis, 1859, 144 (St. Croix).— Albeecht, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, .53 (Bahamas); 1862,194 (Jamaica).— Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861,322 (Isthmus of Panama); viii, 1864, 97 (Sombrero); viii, 

 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui); ix, 1868, 96 (Angostura and Turrialba, Costa 

 Rica); Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, 1878, 55 (Dominica), 189 (St. Vincent), 233 

 (Antigua) ; i, 1879, 268 (Grenada), 354 (Myiarchusrtinique), 454 (Guadeloupe); Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Santa Eligenia, Oaxaca).— Blakiston, Ibis, 

 1862,4 (Saskatchewan); 1863,63 (Forks of Saskatehewan).—VEREiLL, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., ix, 1862, 137 (Anticosti I.).— Myiarchusrch, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1863,293 (Jamaica).— Taylor, Ibis, 1864,81 (Trinidad).— Leotaud, 

 Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 248.— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa M 

 and David, Chiriqui); 1868, 176 (Venezuela); 1870, 183 ( Veragua) ; Ibis, 1878, 

 305 (monogr.).— Frantzius, .lourn. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (Barranca, Costa 

 Rica).— Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1 869, 547 ( Vera Cruz, winter).— 

 Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 565 (Trinidad).— Sundevall, Ofv. k. 

 Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870,596 (Porto Rico).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 

 323 (Herradura, etc., Colombia).— Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 

 197 (Colorado). —Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 167 (Ogden,Utah, 

 Sept. 8), 175 (Kansas; Colorado; Utah); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 

 53 (North Dakota) ; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia) ; Bull. 

 Am. Myiarchuss. N.H., iv, 1892,51 (El Pilar, Venezuela, Nov.); xiii, 1900, 176 

 (Bonda and, Valparaiso prov. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, Sept. 2 to Myiarchusr. 30); 

 Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (do.).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N.Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874,322, pi. 16, figs. 1, 5.— Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 

 1875, 209 (Huerfano R., Colorado; Provo, Utah).— Ridgway, Bull. Essex 

 Inst., vii, 1875, 24 (Salt Lake Valley, Utah); Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 727 



438 (Salt Lake Valley and Wasatch Mts., Utah); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1880, no. 128; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yuca- 

 tan); X, 1888, 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 

 177.— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San Jos6 and Cartago, 

 Costa Rica, Jan. to Apr.). — Meaens, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 70 

 (plumage). — Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 199 (Atanques, prov. Santa 

 Myiarchusrta, Colombia, 4,000 ft., Feb.); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 178.— 

 Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 50 (Fort Walla Walla, Washington, 

 1 spec, Aug. 24). — B.merson, Ornith. and Oolog., vi, 1881, 43 (Haywards, 

 California, 1 spec, June 20, 1881); Zoe, i, 1890, 45 (do.); Condor, iii, 1901, 

 145 (John Day R., Oregon, July 1, 1899).— Cory, Birds Bahama la., 1880, 

 75; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 

 1885, 40; Auk, iii, 1886, 46 (West Indian references); iv, 1887, 95 (Myiarchusr- 

 tinique); vi, 1889, 31 (Cayman Brae); vii, 1890, 375 (Torto)a and Virgin 

 Gorda); viii, 1891, 47 (St. Eustatius), 48 (St. Croix; St. Christopher), 49 

 (Guadeloupe); Birds W. I., 1889, 60; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 120 (Great 

 Bahama, Biminis, Berry Islands, New Providence, Andros, Concepcion, 

 Long I., Green Cay, Turks I., Great Inagua, and Anguilla, Bahamas; 

 Cuba, Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Haiti, Tortola, Virgin 

 Gorda, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; Sombrero, St. Eustatius, St. Chris- 

 topher, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Myiarchusrtinique, Santa Lucia, St. Vin- 

 cent, Grenada, and Barbados, Lesser Antilles). — Hay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vii, 1882, 91 (Hopefield and Jackson, Myiarchusssissippi, breeding). — Bbrlepsch 

 and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 541 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador, 

 Nov.).— Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 350 (MyiarchusrafloresandLaPaz, 

 Lower California, 2 specs., Feb., Myiarchusr.?, 1883).— Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 217 

 (song) . — Tristram, Ibis, 1884, 168 ( Santo Domingo) . — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 411 (Fort Simpson, British America; Jima, Ecuador; Roraima, 

 British Guiana, etc.). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 687.— Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 611 (Grenada).— Zeledon, 

 Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (San Jos6, Tarcoles, Naranjo de 

 Cartago and Alajuela, Costa Rica). — Scott, Auk, v, 1888, 36 (Catalina Mts., 

 Arizona, 1 spec, Aug. 12; Tucson, Arizona, 1 spec, spring). — Cherrie, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 337 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Aug. 13 to Myiarchusr. 6); Contr. Orn. SaR 

 Dom., 1896, 12.- Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio 

 Escondido, Nicaragua, winter, after Sept. 20). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, 

 etc., i, 1893, 275, pi. 14, fig. 5.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., vi, 1894, 

 24 (Trinidad).— Dawson, Auk, xiv, 1897, 180 (Okanogan Co., Washington, 

 breeding). — Merrill, Auk, xv, 1898, 19 (Fort Sherman, n. w. Idaho, sum- 

 mer resid.). — Birtwell, Auk, xvi, 1899, 184 (nesting in Vireo's nest).— 

 Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 107 (British Columbia; regularly e. of Cascade 

 Mts., occasionally on w. side). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 

 144 (Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia) ; Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 

 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Jan. 24). 



S[etophaga] ruticilla Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 18.— Newton (A. and E.), 

 Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 316.— 

 RIDGWAY, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 529. 



[Setophaga'] ruticilla Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 312.— Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 1872, 110.— Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



[Motadlla] flamcauda Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 997 (based on Yenov-tailed 

 Flycatcher, Myiarchusscimpa cauda lulea, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 101, pi. 

 257, up. fig.). 



S[_ylma\ flamcauda &VCK0\\' , Anfangs. Naturg. Thiere, Vogel, ii, 1801, 1116. 




728 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(?) Sylvia russeicaudaYi'BihijOT, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 17, pi. 71 (Pennsylvania; 



coll. Vieillot); Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 266.— Stephens, Shaw's 



Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 675. 

 (7) Syliria russicauda Vieillott, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 476. 

 (?) [Setophaga] russeicauda Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3517. 

 Motacilla tricolora Myiarchusller Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 175 (based on Mguiernoir et 



jaune de Cayenne Daubenton, PL Bnl., 391, lig. 2; adult male). 

 IMotacUla] multicolor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 972 (Cayenne; based on 



Figuier noir Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v., 314; Figuier noir ei jaune Daubenton, 



PI. Enl., pi. 391, fig. 2; Rufous and black Warbler Latham, Synop. Birds, ii, 



pt. 2, 493). 



SETOPHAGA PICTA PICTA (Swainson). 

 FAnrT£I) REDSTART, 



Adults (sexes alike).^ — Head, neck, upper chest, sides, back, scapulars, 

 lesser wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform deep black, 

 with a faint bluish gloss; wings and tail black, the former relieved by 

 a large white patch involving the middle and greater coverts and edges 

 of innermost secondaries (tertials), the latter with three outermost 

 rectrices extensively' white terminally, this white occupying much 

 the greater part of the outermost rectrix; lower chest, breast, and 

 abdomen rich vermilion or poppy red, rarely more orange-red; under 

 tail-coverts black or blackish, broadlj- tipped with white; axillars and 

 under wing-coverts mostly white; bill, legs, and feet, black; iris brown. 



Young, first plumage. — Above plain sootj^ black, the wings and tail 

 as in adults, but the white wing-patch tinged with buff; beneath sooty 

 grayish, passing into dull whitish on center of abdomen, the breast 

 spotted or broadly streaked with sooty blackish. 



Adult mafe.— Length (skins), 123-128 (124. 7); wing, 68-75 (71.9); 

 tail, 61-68 (63.3); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.6); tarsus, 16-17 (16.6).' 



Adult /ewifflZe.— Length (skins), 125-135 (130.8); wing, 67-70 (68.7); 

 tail, 60-64.5 (62.4); exposed culmen, 8.5-9 (8.9); tarsus, 16-17 (16.3).' 



Higher mountains of central and southern Arizona (Mogollon, Gra- 

 ham, Chiricahua, Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, and Huachuca ranges, 

 etc.,) and New Mexico (Grant County), and southward over higher 

 districts of. Mexico to States of Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca (La 

 Parada; Cinco Senores). 



Setophaga picta Swainson, Zool. Illustr., 2d ser., i, 1829, pi. 3 (Real del Monte, 

 Hidalgo, Mexico); Anira. in Menag., 1838, 293.— Kaup, Proc. Zool. See. 

 Lond., 1851, 50.— Baikd, in Stansbury's Rep. Qt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 

 ("Texas"); Rep. Pacific R.R. Surv.,ix, 1858, 298; ed. 1860 (Birds N.Am.), 

 pi. 77, fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 218; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. 

 Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 11 (Boquillo, Nuevo Leon); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 

 256, part (Boquillo, Nuevo Leon; Sierra Myiarchusdre, near Myiarchuszatlan).— Scl.\tbr, 



^ I can not find that there is even an average difference in the coloration of the sexes 

 of this species. 

 " Ten specimens. ' Five specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 729 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 66; 1856, 292 (near City of Mexico); 1858, 299, 

 (La Parada, Oaxaca) ; 1859, 374 (Cinco Senores, Oaxaca). — Sumichbast, Mem. 

 Best. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alpine reg. Orizaba). — Ridqway, Am. Nat., 

 vi, 1872, 436 (Tucson, Arizona); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 129.— Coues, 

 Check List, 1873, no. 105; 2d ed., 1882, no. 151; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 3.35.— 

 Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 104 (Apache and 

 30 m. s. of Apache, Arizona, Aug. 29 to Sept. 11; habits); Zool. Exp. W. 

 100th Merid., 1875, 209 (Rock Canon, Mt. Graham, near Camp Critten- 

 den, etc., Arizona; habits; descr. young). — Baied, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 322, part; ii, 1874, pi. 46, fig. 7; pi. 56, flg. 3; 

 iii, 1874, 507 (Tucson, Arizona).— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii. 1874, 

 270 (Sierra Myiarchusdre, near Myiarchuszatlan; habits). — Salvin, Ibis, 1878, 306, part 

 (monogr. ). — Bhewstbe, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1880, 73 (Chiricahua Mts., 

 Arizona, Apr.); vii, 1882, 140 (habits; descr. nest and eggs; etc.), 249. — 

 Bryant (W. E.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 176 (Santa Rita Mts., Ari- 

 zona, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1881, 179, part (Mexican localities and references). — Scott, 

 Auk, ii, 1885, 353 (Pima Co., Arizona); v, 1888, 36 (Santa Catalina Mts., 

 Arizona, above 4,000 ft.). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 415 

 (Ciudad Durango, etc. ; excl. syn. part). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 688.— Mbaens, Auk, vii, 1890, 261 (Mogollon Mts., 

 Arizona). — ANTHONY,Auk, ix, 1892, 367 (s.w. part Grant Co., New Mexico). — 

 Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., v, 1893, 40 (Guanopa and Huerachi, n. w. 

 Chihuahua, Dec, Feb.). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 279.— 

 Beeninqbr, Condor, iii, 1901, 147 (Huachuca Mts., Arizona; descr. nest and 

 eggs). 



S[etophaga] picta Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d 

 ed., 1884, 315.— Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 529. 



[Setophaga] picta Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 312 (Zacatecas). — Gray, 

 Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3515.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 110.— 

 ScLATERand Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



Mmdcapa leucomus Gihaud, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, fol. 23, pi. 6, fig. 1 

 ("Texas"; type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



SETOPHAGA PICTA GUATEMAL/E Sharpe. 

 GUATEMALAN PAINTED REDSTAKT. 



Similar to xS'. p. picta, but with third rectrix entirel}- black or else 

 with very little white, and white edgings to innermost secondaries (ter- 

 tials) much less distinct, often obsolete; average size slightly less. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 120-129 (126); wing, 66-71 (68.5); 

 tail, 60-61.5 (60.9); exposed culmen, 8.5; tarsus, 17-17.5 (17.2).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 132-133 (132.5); wing, 67-68.5 

 (67.8); tail, 62-65 (63); exposed culmen, 8-8.-5 (8.2); tarsus, 17.' 



Highlands of Uuatemala (Volcan de Fuego, ridge near Chancol, 

 Hacienda Chancol, San Geronimo, Santa Barbara, Chilasco, Tactic, 

 Canilld-Guitch^, Toyabaj-Guitche, etc.), Chiapas (Gineta Mountains, 

 San Cristobal, etc.) and northern Honduras (Comayagua). 



' Four specimens. ^ Three speciinens. 




730 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Setopfiaga picta (not of Swainson) Solateb and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 

 1859, 12 (Guatemala).— Taylor, Ibis, 1860, 110 (Comayagua, Honduras).— 

 ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 36 (Guatemala).— Baied, Review Am. Birds, 

 1865, 256, part (Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- 

 WAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 322, part (Guatemala). — Lawrence, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. no. 4, 1876, 16 (Gineta Mts., Chiapas).— Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, l'S81, 179, part (Volcan de Fuego, ridge near 

 Chancol, San Ger6nimo, Santa Barbara, Chilasco, and Tactic, Guatemala; 

 Comayagua, Honduras). 



[SetopJmga] picta Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



[Setophaga picta.] Subsp. a. Setophaga guatemalse Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 417 (Guatemala, no type locality indicated; coll. Brit. Myiarchuss.) 



Sletophaga] picta guatemalse Ridqway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 530. 



Setophaga picta guatemalse Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (interior of Chiapas). 



Genus MYIOBORUS Baird. 



Myioborus Baird, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 237, 257. (Type, Setophaga 

 verticalis Swainson. ) 



Similar to Setophaga, but bill more depressed, rictal bristles much 

 longer (equal to or longer than bill); wing shorter and much more 

 rounded (ninth primary shorter than fourth, sometimes shorter than 

 third); tarsus longer (very much more than one-fourth to more than 

 one -third as long as wing), and style of coloration veiy different 

 (crown with a patch of chestnut, or else forehead yellow and under 

 parts yellow; no white, orange, nor yellow on wing; back, etc., slate- 

 gra}^ or slate color, rarely olive or brownish). 



Bill about half as long as head, or less, very much depressed, trian- 

 gular or broadly wedge-shaped in vertical profile; culmen sharply 

 ridged, straight to near tip, where strongly decurved; commissure 

 straight with subterminal notch of maxillaiy tomium minute but 

 distinct. Nostril longitudinally elliptical, in lower anterior portion of 

 nasal fossae, overhung by a broad membranous operculum, partly 

 covered by latero-frontal feathers. Rictal bristles greatly developed, 

 reaching nearly to, sometimes beyond, tip of bill when directed for- 

 ward. Wing moderate, much rounded (ninth primary shorter than 

 fourth, sometimes not longer than second, the eighth shorter than fifth); 

 wing-tip decidedly shorter than commissure, but little more than half 

 as long as tarsus. Tail about as long as wing or slightly shorter, much 

 rounded, the rectrices usually subacuminate at tips. Tarsus much 

 more than one-fourth as long as wing (sometimes more than one third 

 as long), the scutella indistinct; middle toe, with claw, much shorter 

 than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for much more than 

 half its length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Under parts yellower orange (orange- red or vermilion 

 in one species), the throat sometimes lilackish; upper parts usually 

 slate color or slate-gray, rarely olive or brownish, the crown usually 

 with a patch of chestnut or cinnamon-rufous, or else the forehead yel- 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 731 



low; no lighter markings on wing, but lateral recti'ices more or less 

 extensively white terminally; sexes alike. 



Nidification. — U nkuown . 



Bange. — The whole of continental tropical America. (About 

 twelve species.) 



This is a very natural and homogeneous group, in this respect 

 strongly contrasting with Basilewterus. The eleven species examined ^ 

 agree very closely in structural details, the slight departures from the 

 normal type consisting almost wholly in immaterial differences in rela- 

 tive length of the wings and tail. The latter is usually a little shorter 

 than the former; in M. miniata fiammea and 31. alhifrons the wing 

 and tail are of the same length, while in j\[. verticali.s (a close ally of 

 the former, with identical color-pattern) the tail is decidedly' shorter 

 than the wing, the other species ranging between these extremes. The 

 wing-formula is remarkably uniform, and the variations in the pattern 

 of coloration are confined almost wholly to the head. 



All the Central American and Mexican forms have a large patch of 

 chestnut or chestnut-rufous on the crown, the forehead and sides of 

 the crown being black. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF MYIOBORUS. 



a. Throat black or blackish slate; sides of head slate color or slate-gray. 

 b. Under parts of body red or reddish orange, 

 c. Third rectrix with a large terminal spot of white; red of under parts usually 

 bright vermilion or pinkish vermilion. . (Highlands of Mexico.) 



MyioboruB miniatus miniatus, adults (p. 731) 

 CO. Third rectrix entirely black ; red of under parts usually orange red or flame 

 scarlet. (Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas.) 



Myioborns miniatus flammeTis, adults (p. 733) 

 56. Under parts of body orange-yellow. (Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui.) 



Myioborus aurantiacns, adults (p. 733) 

 aa. Throat and sides of head lemon yellow, like under parts of body; a dusky or 

 slaty band across chest. (Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui.) 



Myioborns torquatus, adults (p. 735) 



MYIOBORUS MINIATUS MINIATUS (Swainson). 

 RED-BELLIED REDSTART. 



Adn.dt male. — Forehead, anterior portion of crown, superciliary 

 region, lores, suborbital and malar regions, chin, and throafuniform 

 black; posterior portion of crown and occiput chestnut, the feathers 

 elongated; postocular region, posterior portion of auricular region, 

 hindneck, sides of neck, back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, and rump 

 uniform slate color; wings darker with slate colored or slate-gray 

 edgings; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the three outermost rectrices 



'Of those given in vol. x of the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Myiarchusseum 

 (pp. 410-430) all have been examined in the present connection except M. brun- 

 neiceps and M. castaneicapilla. 




732 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



broadly tipped with white ; ' under parts of body vermilion red, the sides 

 and flanks partly slate-gray; under tail-coverts blackish slate or slate- 

 black, broadly tipped with white; axillars and under wing-coverts 

 white; bill, legs, and feet blacker brownish black; iris brown; length 

 (skins), 130-134 (131); wing, 62.5-65 (63.5); tail, 69-72 (70.4); exposed 

 culmen, 8-9 (8.4); tarsus, 18-19 (18.2).' 



Adult f, -male. — Similar to the adult male, but forehead and anterior 

 portion of crown slate color, each feather with a central spot of black; 

 throat, etc., duller black or blackish slate; red of under parts slightly 

 paler, more pinkish; length (skins), 126-134 (133); wing, 61-65 

 (62.9); tail, 68-72 (70.2); exposed culmen, 7.5-8.5 (8); tarsus, 18.5-19 

 (18.9).' 



Young, fr.tt plumage. — Above, including entire pileum, uniform 

 sooty slate-color; under parts similar but paler, the median portion of 

 chest, breast, and abdomen dull chestnut, fading irtto pale cinnamon or 

 cinnamon-buff on center of abdomen; wings and tail as in adults, but 

 middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with brownish. 



Highlands of Mexico, in States of Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 

 Puebla, Zacatecas, Sinaloa. Chihuahua (Jesus Myiarchusria), etc. 



Selophaga luiniatti Svvainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new ser., i, 1827, 368 ( Valladolid, 

 Mexico); Ihih, 1834, 784; Anim. in Menag., 1838, 293.— Sclatek, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1856, 292 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1858,299 ( La Parada, Oaxaca) ; 

 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 374 (Cinco Senores and Totontepec, Oaxaca); 

 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 37 (Mexico).— Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 299; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am. ), pi. 77, fig. 1; 

 Cat. N.Am. Birds, 1859, no. 219; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 259 (n. e Mexico; 

 Jalapa; Orizaba) . — Sumicmrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. , i, 1869, 546 (temperate 

 and alpine regions, Orizaba). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N.Am. 

 Birds, i, 1874, 322, part (Mexico).— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 

 1874, 270 (Sierra Myiarchusdre near Myiarchuszatlan; habits) ; Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 

 4, 1876, 16 (Sierra Myiarchusdre near Zapotitlan). — Salvin, Ibis, 1878, 308, part 

 (Mexico; monogr.). — Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335 (synonymy).— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 181, part (Mexican 

 localities). — Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 130.— Sharpe, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 418 (near City of Mexico; La Parada, Oaxaca; 

 Jalapa, Vera Cruz). — Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 137 

 (Puebla). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 689.— 

 Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H. , x, 1898, 40 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft. ). 



Sletoplmga] miniaia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265. — Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. 

 ■Birds, 1887, 530. 



ISetophaga] ni irdnta Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3524. — Sclatisr and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part (Mexico). 



Myiarchusscicapa larmtti Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (Mexico); see 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1863, 58. 



'This white occupies about the terminal half of the outer web on the outermost 

 rectrix, and extends for 20 to 30 mm. from tip on inner web; the white on the third 

 rectrix varies from 10 to 15 mm. in length; occasionally there is a small white i^pot 

 at tip of the fourth rectrix. 



" Five specimens. ' Four Hiiecimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 733 



Myiarchusscioapavnlnerata Waglbr, Isis, 1831, 529 (cites Myiarchusiscicapii derhann Giraud and 



iSstoptejia mmiato Swainson). — Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1851, 50. 

 S\_eliophaga\ -milnerata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265. — Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 



1850, 18 (Mexico). 

 [Setophaga] vulnerata Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 313 (Zacatecas). 

 Setophaga mdnenita Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 



("Texas").— ScLATBR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 65. 

 Setophaga castanea Lesson, Rev. Zool., ii, Jan., 18.39 (pub. 1840), 42 (Mexico). 

 Myiarchussdcapa derhamii Giraud, Sixteen Specie.s Texan Birds, 1841, folio 13, pi. 3, 



fig. 2, ("Texas;" type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



MYIOBORUS MINIATUS FLAMMEUS (Kaup). 

 KAUP'S REDSTART. 



Similar to M. iv. mhilatus, but with much less white on the tail, the 

 third Tectrix being either entirely l)lack or Avith only a minute white 

 spot at tip; red of under parts usually of a more orange hue (nearly 

 flame scarlet), varying, rarely, to light reddish orange or saturn red. 



Ackilt male. — Length (skins), 1^6; wing, 63; tail, 64.5-65 (64.7); 

 exposed culmen, 8.5-9 (8.7); tarsus, 17.5-19 (18.2).'- 



A(M.t female.— li&ngih (skins), 120-130 (125); wing, 59-63 (60.3); 

 tail, 60-65 (68); exposed culmen, S.5-9 (8.8); tarsus, 18.' 



Highlands of Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Coban, 

 Choctum, Duenas, etc.) and Chiapas (Tumbala, Yajalon, Chicharros, 

 Tenejapa, etc.). 



Setophaga flammea Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 50 (Guatemala; coll. 

 Derby Myiarchuss. ); 1855, 77 (crit. nomencl.). — Solater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 12 

 (Guatemala). — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 37 (Guatemala). — Baird, 

 Review Am. Birds, 1865, 259, part (Coban, Guatemala). 



[Setophaga miniata.1 Subsp. a. Setophaga flammea Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 419 (Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Coban, Choctum, and 

 Duenas, Guatemala). 



Sletophaga] miniata flammea Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 530. 



Setophaga miniata flammea i^ELSOK, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (Chiapas). 



haga intermedia Hartlaub, Rev. et Myiarchusg. Zool., 1852, 5 (Guatemala; coll. 

 Bremen Myiarchuss.). 



1 miniata (not of Swainson) Boucard, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 30. — Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 181, part (Guatemalan refer- 

 ences and tecalities). 



[Setophaga} miniata Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part 

 (Guatemala). 



MYIOBORUS AURANTIACUS (Baird). 

 TELLOW-BELLIED REDSTART. 



Similar to M. m. miniatus, but with under parts of body saffron or 

 cadmium yellow instead of vermilion red. 

 Adults {sexes alike). — Forehead, sides of crown, chin, ana throat 



' Two specimens. ^ Three specimens. 




734 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



black; crown (except laterally) and occiput chestnut, the feathers 

 elongated; rest of head and neck (including lores and superciliary 

 region), together with back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, and rump 

 uniform bluish slate color; wings blackish with slate colored edgings; 

 upper tail-coverts black, usually margined with slaty; tail black, the 

 three outermost rectrices extensively white at tip; under parts of 

 body saffron or cadmium yellow, usually deeper and more brownish 

 yellow on chest; under tail-coverts white, slate color, or slate-gray 

 basally; axillars and under wing-coverts white; bill, black; iris, 

 brown; legs and feet blackish. 



Ymmg In Jirst phima(je. — Above, including whole pileum, uniform 

 sooty slate; beneath similar but paler, the chest strongly tinged with 

 rusty or cinnamon ; ^ wings and tail essentially as in adults. 



AdAilt ^yjaZtf.— Length (skins), 118-128 (124); wing, 58-66 (63.4); tail, 

 55.5-62 (59.5); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.4); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.7).' 



Adult female.— l^&xizl'a. (skins), 120-127 (124.2); wing, 58-63 (61); 

 tail, 56-62 (58.8); exposed culmen, 8-10 (9.2); tarsus, 18-19 (18.6)." 



Highlands of Co^a Rica (Dota, Grecia, Barranca, Cartago, Naranjo, 

 Turrialba, Tucurrique, Candelaria, etc.) and Chiriqui (Volcan de Chi- 

 riqui, Boquete, Calovevora, etc.). 



Setophaga ftammea (notof Kaup) Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 85 (Costa Rica).— 

 Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 259, part (ref. to Cabanis, Iog. cit. and locality 

 "Costa Rica"). 



[Setophaga miniata.'i Subsp. a. Setophaga ftammea Sharpe, Cat. BirdsBrit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 419, part (loc. "Costa Rica"). 



Setophaga aurantiaca Baird, Review Am. Birds, Myiarchusy, 1865, 261 (Dota, Costa Rica; 

 coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 96 (Grecia, 

 Barranca, and Dota, Costa Rica).— Salvin, Ibis, 1869, 313 (Costa Bica; crit.); 

 1878, 310 (monogr.); Proc. Zool. See. Lond., 1870, 183 (Yolcan de Chiriqui 

 and Calovevora, Veragua) .— Frantzihs, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (Cande- 

 laria Mts., Costa Rica).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 83 (Cartago 

 and Naranjo, Costa Rica) .—Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Avea, 

 i, 1881, 182 (Turrialba and Tucurrique, Costa Rica, etc.).— Sharpe, Cat 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 421.— Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 

 528 (Costa Rica; crit.); Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 

 (Rio Naranjo).— Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Bica, i, 1887, 107 (Cartago 

 and Dota, Costa Rica) .—Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 

 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 4,500 ft). 



[Setophaga'] aurantiaca Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3525.— Sclatee and 

 Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



Setophaga verticalis (not of Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 166 (Veragua). 



' The first plumage of the only young example examined is incomplete, the yellow 

 of the under parts of the body of the adult plumage having been acquired. 

 '' Seven specimens. ' Five specimens. 




BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 735 



MYIOBORUS TORQUATUS (Baird). 

 COLLARED REDSTART. 



Adults {sexes n/ile). — Forehead (except extreme anterior portion) 

 and sides of crown and occiput black; crown (except laterally) and 

 occiput rufous-chestnut, the feathers elongated; nape (mostly con- 

 cealed by the rufous-chestnut occipital feathers) blackish; rest of 

 upper parts plain slate color, sometimes faintly tinged with olive, the 

 back rarely indistinctly clouded with dusky; wings blackish slate 

 with indistinct slaty edgings; tail black, the two outermost rectrices 

 extensively white terminally, the third sometimes with a small amount 

 of white at tip; whole side of head, including superciliary, loral,^ 

 suborbital, auricular, and malar regions, together with under parts 

 (except under tail-coverts) lemon yellow, interrupted by a band of 

 slate color or blackish slate across chest; under tail-coverts pale yellow 

 or yellowish white; under wing-coverts and axillars mostly yellowish- 

 white; bill black or duskj^ brown ; iris brown ; legs and feet blackish. 



Adult male.— Jjength (skins), 124-127 (125.4); wing, 65-68 (66.5); 

 tail, 60-62.5 (61.2); exposed culmen, 19-21 (19.8).' 



Adult female. -Length (skins), 124-125 (124.7); wing, 63-66 (64.5); 

 tail, 57-60 (58.7); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.4); tarsus, 19-20.5 (19.6).' 



Highlands of Costa Rica (San Jose, La Palma, Candelaria Moun- 

 tains, Volcan de Irazu, etc.) and Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui, Cordil- 

 lera del Tole, Boquete, etc.). 



Setophaga torquata Baird, Review Am. Birds, Myiarchusy, 1865, 261 (San Jos6, Costa 

 Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 

 (Cordillera de Tole, Veragua) ; Ibis, 1878, 319 (\' clean de Chiriqui; monogr.) . — 

 Lawrence, Am. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 96 (San Jos6 and La Palma, Costa 

 Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (Candelaria Mts., Costa 

 Rica). — BoDCARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 53 (Volcan de Irazii, 

 Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 183, pi. 10, 

 fig. 2.— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1882, 495 (Volcan de Irazu).— 

 Sharps, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss. , x, 1885, 424 (Irazu district and La Palma, Costa 

 Rica, etc.). — Zblbdon, Anal. -Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Volcan de 

 Irazii).— Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Volcan de Chi- 

 riqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). 



[Sefophaga\ torquata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3526. — Sclatbr and Sal- 

 vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



Genus EUTHLYPIS Cabanis. 

 Euthlypis Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 18. (Type, E. lachrymosa Cabanis.) 



Similar to Myiohorus, but bill much longer (nearly as long as head) 

 and much less depressed, relatively narrower and deeper; rictal bris- 

 tles shorter, not reaching more than halfway to tip of bill. 



'The yellow of the lores crosses the extreme anterior portion of the forehead. 

 ' Five specimens. ' Four specimens. 




736 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Bill nearly as long as head, wedge-shaped in vertical profile, slightly 

 depressed, its depth at anterior end of nostrils about equal to its width 

 at same point; culmen sharply ridged, straight or very faintly convex 

 for most of its length, the terminal portion strongly decurved; gonys 

 slightly convex basally, straight, or nearly so, terminally; maxillary 

 tomium faintly convex anterior to middle portion, its subterminal 

 notch distinct. Nostril longitudinal, narrow, overhung by a broad 

 membranous operculum. Rictal bristles well developed, but not 

 reaching to much beyond nostrils when directed forward. Wing 

 rather long, rounded (seventh and sixth primaries longest, eighth 

 slightly shorter than sixth, ninth shorter than fifth); wing-tip about 

 equal to exposed culmen, slightly more than half as long as tarsus. 

 Tail nearly as long as wing, much rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, 

 with tips subacuminate. Tarsus a little less than one-third as long as 

 wing, its scutella rather distinct; middle toe, with claw, much shorter 

 than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length 

 to outer toe, for about half its length to middle toe. 



Coloration. — Forehead and crown black, the latter with a central 

 spot of yellow; rest of upper parts brownish slate color, the tail 

 blackish, with short white tips to rectrices (except middle pair); under 

 parts yellow, the chest and sides light orange-rufous or tawny; supra- 

 loral spot and part of eyelids white; sexes alike. 



jyidip'.cation. — Unknown. 



RaiKje. — Highlands of southern Mexico and Central America. 

 (Monotypic.) 



If this genus is not to be recognized the type species must be 

 referred to Bmileuter\in and not to Mytoborus ( " x.9eto^Aa^fls," part), 

 as has usually been done. It is distinctly more nearly allied to the 

 former. (See remarks under Basileuterus., on p. 740.) 



EUTHLYPIS LACHRYMOSA LACHRYMOSA Cabanis. 

 FAN-TAILED WARBLER. 



Adult male. — Forehead, sides of crown, lores, and anterior portion 

 of suborbital and malar regions black; a white spot on each side of 

 forehead, about halfway between eye and nostril; a white mark on 

 each eyelid; median portion of crown yellow; rest of head and neck 

 (except chin and throat), together with upper parts, plain dull blackish 

 slate-color, sometimes slightly tinged with olive on back; tail slate- 

 blat-k, the rectrices all (except sometimes the middle pair) tipped with 

 white, this broadest on inner webs, and increasing in extent from 

 middle to exterior rectrices (about 10-13 mm. in extent on inner web 

 of outermost rectrix); chin white; throat, breast, and abdomen lemon 

 yellow, the first sometimes tinged with tawny; chest (sometimes throat 

 also) and sides of breast deep gallstone yellow or intermediate between 

 that color and raw sienna; sides and flanks olive; under tail-coverts 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 



737 



white, tinged with yellow, the feathers slate-gray beneath the surface; 

 axillars and under wing-coverts mostly gray, sometimes tinged with 

 olive; bill black; legs and feet light brown (in dried skins); length 

 (skins), 141-152 (116); wing, 75.5-80 (77.4); tail, 70-73 (71.6); exposed 

 culmen, 12-13 (12.3); tarsus, 23-24.5 (23.9); middle toe, 13-14 (13.5).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male in coloration, and not 

 always distinguishable, but averaging rather lighter slate color above, 

 with the back more strongly tinged with olive; lores and anterior 

 portion of suborbital and malar regions sometimes dull slate-gray, 

 instead of black; yellow crown-patch usually (?) rather smaller, with 

 the feathers, especially the more posterior ones, tipped with olive; 

 wing and tail shorter; length (skins), 140-152 (146.4); wing, 67-76 

 (71); tail, 64-69 (66.1); exposed culmen, 11.5-13 (12.4); tarsus, 22.6-24 

 (23.3); middle toe, 12.6-13.5 (13. 1).^ 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Cordova; Jalapa; 

 Myiarchusrador; Motzorongo), Puebla (Acatlan), Oaxaca (Pluma; Tehuan- 

 tepec; Santa Efigenia), and Chiapas (Tuxtla); highlands of Guatemala 

 (Volcan de Agua; Volcan de Fuego; Alotenango; Savana Grande; 

 Barranca Honda), and southward to Nicaragua (Ometepe). 



E\uthlypis] lachrymosa Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 39, footnote (Lagunas, 

 Mexico; coll. Berlin Myiarchuss. ; ex. Sylvia lachrymosa 'LichtenBtein, laannscTipt). 



Euthlypis lachrymosa Sclateh, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruz); 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 36 (Jalapa).— 

 Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 274 (Alotenango, Guatemala). — Sumichrast, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (temp. reg. Vera Cruz; habits) .—Nut- 

 ting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1883, 392 (Ometepe, Nicaragua) . —Fbkeaei- 

 Pekez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 138 (Acatlan, Puebla). 



[Badleuterusl lachrymosa Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314 (Lagunas). 



Setophagalachrym,osaTiAiRi>, Review Am. Birds, 1865,263 (Mexico; SavanaGrande, 

 Guatemala) . — Salvin, Ibis, 1878, 320, part (monogr. ). — Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 184, part pi. 11, fig. 2. — Sharpe, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 430 (Jalapa and Cordova, Vera Cruz; Santa Efigenia, 

 Oaxaca; Volcan de Agua, Barranca-Hondo, and Alotenango, Guatemala) . 



ISetophaga'] lachrymosa Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3539. — Sclater and 

 Salvin, Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



' Four specimens. 



" Seven specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average, respectively, as follows: 



3654— VOL 2—01- 



-47 




738 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



EUTHLYPIS LACHRYMOSA TEPHRA Ridgway.' 

 WESTERN FAN-TAILED WARBLER. 



Similar to E. I. lachrymosa, but sides of head much lighter slate- 

 gray, the lores and anterior portion of suborbital and malar regions 

 never blackish; upper parts lighter slate color, the back, etc., much 

 more strongly tinged with olive; white supraloral spot averaging 

 larger; wing and tail averaging shoiter. 



Ad/itltmale.—l^Qngth (skins), 139-160 (l-M.g); wing, 69-75 (73.1); 

 tail, 65-71 (67.9); exposed culmen, 12-13 (12.4); tarsus, 28-24 (23.1); 

 middle toe, 13. .5-14 (13.6).' 



Achdt female. — Length (skins), 142; wing, 68; tail, 66.5; exposed 

 culmen, 12.5; tarsus, 23; middle-toe, 13." 



Western Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (Hacienda de San Rafael), 

 Sinaloa (Sierra Myiarchusdre, near Myiarchuszatlan), and Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra; 

 San Sebastian). 



Euthlypis lachrymoxa (not of Cabania) Lawrence, Mem. Boat. See. N. H., ii, 

 1874, 270 (Myiarchuszatlan, Sinaloa; habits).— Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. , x vi, ■ 

 1893, 777 (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco; habits). 



Setophaga lachrymosa Sal\'in, Ibis, 1878, 320, part (Myiarchuszatlan). — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 184, part (Myiarchuszatlan). 



Genus BASILEUTERUS Cabanis. 



Bojiileuterus * (Jabanim, in Wiegmann's Archiv. fiir Naturg., iii, pt. i, 1847, 316. 



(Type, Sylvia eermivora \\e\\loi,= Setophaga aurocapilla Swainson.) 

 Idiotes Baird, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 237, 247. (Type, Setophaga rufi- 



frons Swainson. ) 



Similar to W/'lson/a, but wing relativelj^ shorter and much more 

 rounded (ninth primary shorter than fourth instead of longer than 

 fifth), wing-tip shorter (less than half as long as tarsus instead of much 

 more), bill relatively longer, stouter, and less compressed terminally, 

 and pileum three-striped (two lateral black stripes inclosing one of 

 chestnut, rufous, butfy, or grayish) or wholly rufous, or else the 



^Type, no. 151906, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, 

 Myiarchusy 10, 1888; M. Abbott Frazar; received from William Brewster. 

 '' Eight specimens. 

 ' One specimen. 

 Adult males from different localities average, respectively, as follows: 



' '^pcxdiXevTspoc, von fiaOiXevi Regulus.' 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 739 



rump, upper tail-coverts, and basal half of tail buff. Similar also to 

 EwMypis, but tarsus relatively longer (at least one-third as long as 

 wing), ninth primary shorter than fourth (instead of longer), and 

 without white on rectrices. 



Bill decidedly shorter than head, sometimes scarcely more than half 

 as long, but very variable as to relative length and width and extent of 

 depression (sometimes the width at nostrils equal to, usually decidedly 

 less than, length of exposed culmen); culmen rather distinctly ridged, 

 nearly straight for basal third or more, becoming gradually more decid- 

 edly curved terminally, the tip of the maxilla moderately produced, but 

 scarceh' uncinate; gonys very faintly convex; maxillary tomium nearly 

 straight to near tip, where faintly concave, with distinct subterminal 

 notch. Nostril longitudinal, nearly linear, in lower anterior portion 

 of nasal fossse, overhung by a broad membraneous operculum. Rictal 

 bristles very distinct, but variable as to development, usually extending 

 but little if any beyond nostrils (when directed forward), sometimes 

 reaching considerably beyond. Wing rather short to rather long, more 

 or less rounded (eighth to fifth, seventh, seventh and sixth, or sixth and 

 fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fifth, usually shorter than 

 second, sometimes shorter than first) ; wing-tip variable, always shorter 

 than middle toe with claw, sometimes much shorter than middle toe 

 without claw. Tail more or less shorter than wing, or at least not 

 longer (except in B. rufifrons)^ usually equal to or longer than distance 

 from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, more or less rounded (some- 

 times almost even), the rectrices usually rather narrow, with tips sub- 

 acuminate. Tarsus one-third to much more than one-third as long as 

 wing, rather stout, its scutella fairly distinct; middle toe, with claw, 

 much shorter than tarsus, its basal phalanx united for more than half 

 its length to outer toe, for about half (more or less) its length to 

 inner toe. 



Coloration. — No white on rectrices; wings unicolored; pileum three - 

 striped (two black lateral stripes, inclosing a median one of chestnut, 

 rufous, rufous-orange, 3'ellowish, or grayish), or else wholly chestnut- 

 rufous or (if unicolored and concolor with the back) the lower rump, 

 upper tail-coverts, and basal half of tail buff orochraoeous-buff; upper 

 parts (except as described) plain olive, olive-green, or grayish; under 

 parts yellowish (with or without whitish or grayish throat), yellow 

 anteriorly and whitish posteriorly, or whitish or buffy medially and 

 grayish or olive laterally. 



Nidification. — Unknown. 



Hcmge.— The whole of continental Tropical America. (Numerous 

 species, mostly South American.) 



The thirty -odd species which compose this group as characterized 

 above (and as usually recognized) vary so much in the details of 

 external structure that were it not for certain species of intermediate 




740 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



structure the group could easily be subdivided into several genera; 

 but the existence of these intermediate forms seems to forbid such 

 subdivision. 



B. Gulicivorus is the only species in which the eighth primary is 

 equal, or nearly equal, to the longest, and (except B. leucoUepfiarm) 

 the only one in which the ninth primary is equal to or longer than the 

 third; yet this form is obviously very closely related to B. OMWcapillm 

 (the type of the genus). B. rufifrons is the only species which has 

 the tail longer than the wing, yet there can be no question of the close 

 relationship between B. nofifronn and B. hell% the latter having the 

 tail shorter than the wing. B. iiielanogenys has the bill relatively 

 much smaller and narrower than other species, being quite similar, in 

 that respect, to Ergaticits; but in other characters, including colora- 

 tion, it is a typical BasUentenis. The opposite development of the 

 bill is seen in B. semicervinus and related (probably conspecific) forms, 

 B. %i,ropygi.alis, B. veraguensis, and B. leucopygius; in these the bill is 

 shaped very much as in the genus Myiohorus, being almost equally 

 broad at the base, but is less depressed and relatively much larger. 

 In this group, too, the coloration is peculiar, the pileum being uni- 

 colored and concolor with the back, while the lower rump, upper tail- 

 coverts and basal half of the tail are buffy or ochraceous in abrupt and 

 strong contrast with the general uniform dark olive or olive-brown of 

 the upper parts. B. stragtilatus, however (of which, unfortunately, 

 I have not been able to examine a perfect specimen), seems to agree 

 in large and broad bill and other structural characters with B. semi- 

 cervinus, while having the three-striped pileum and dark-colored rump, 

 etc. , of the typical Basileuteri. B. fraseri (which has the bill inter- 

 mediate between that of B. semicervimus and the typical species, but 

 most like the former), presents a close approach in some characters as 

 well as in general appearance to Euthlypis, but differs from the latter 

 (as do all other Basileuteri) in having the tarsus at least one-third as 

 long as the wing, in having the ninth primary shorter than the fourth, 

 and in lacking white spots at tips of the rectrices. 



There are several species of the group which I have not been able 

 to examine. Until these are carefully compared with the others the 

 exact limits of the group can not be defined with precision; therefore, 

 it is possible that, with all the species before him, some one else may 

 be successful in the attempt to subdivide the genus which, as currently 

 recognized, certainly is a very heterogeneous group.' 



I would exclude from Basileuterus several species allied to Tric/im 

 nigrocristatus Lafresnaye, closely resembling in coloration ^Vilsm^a 

 pusilla; the species named being the type of Myiothlypis Cabanis.* 



' The following BasUmten have not been seen by me: B. mophrys, B. cinerekoUis, 

 B. auricularis, B. gmeiceps, B. leucophrys, B. mesoleucus, and B. boUmanm. 



'' Myiothlypis Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 17. (Type, Tnchas nigromstatus Lafree- 

 naye.) ("Von /(Uia, Fliege, und SAuffz; nom. prop.") 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 741 



KEY TO TITK SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP BASILEUTEKUS. 



a. Rump and upper tail-coverts olive-green or olive, concolor with back; tail entirely 

 dark colored. 

 5. Pileum conspicuously different in color from back; no wing-bands. (.Vdults. ) 

 c. Auricular region chestnut, like pileum. 

 d. Superciliary stripe bright yellow. {BmnleuleriiH heUi.) 

 e. Darker, especially the chestnut on sides of head; tarsus shorter (20-22 in 

 male). 

 ■/. Smaller (adult male averaging wing 57.7, tail 54.7, exposed culmen 9; 

 adult female, wing 56.5, tail 52.2, exposed culmen 9.2) ; olive-green of 

 upper parts lighter; lores mostly black. (Southeastern Mexico, in 

 States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, and Oaxaca. ) 



Basileuterus belli belli, adults (p. 743) 



ff. Larger (adult male averaging wing 64.5, tail 61, exposed culmen 10.2; 



adult female, wing 58, tail 55.5, exposed culmen 10); olive-green of 



upper parts darker; lores mostly chestnut. ( Highlands of Guatemala 



and Chiapas) Basileuterns belli scitulus, adults (p. 744) 



ee. Lighter, especially the chestnut on sides of head; tarsus longer (23-24 in 

 male). (Southwestern Mexico, in States of Guerrero and Jalisco. 



Basileuterns belli clarus, adults (p. 745) 

 dd. Superciliary stripe white. {Ba,si,leuterus rufifroiis.) 

 e. Under parts with only the anterior half yellow, the abdomen being white; 

 sides and flanks grayish and huffy. 

 /. Back olive-green, abruptly contrasted with gray of hindneck; white of 

 posterior under parts usually more or less tinged with yellow; tail 

 relatively shorter (averaging 55.2 in male, 54.4 in female) and bill 

 larger (exposed culmen averaging 10.6). (Southeastern Jlexico, in 

 States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Oaxaca. and Chiapas; Guatemala. ) 



Basileuterns rufifrona ruflfrons, adults (ji. 745) 



ff. Back grayish olive, scarcely different from dull gray of hindneck; white 



of posterior under parts pure, untinged with yellow; tail relatively 



longer (averaging more than 57 in male, 56 or more in female) and 



bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging less than 10). 



g. Back grayer; tail shorter (averaging less than 58 in male) ; adult male 



averaging wing 52.8, tail 57.2, exposed culmen 8.9, tarsus 20.8. 



(Eastern border of Mexican plateau, in States of Nuevo Leon, San 



Luis Potosi, and northern Vera Cruz. ) 



Basileuterns ruflfrons jouyi, adults (p. 746) 



gg. Back browner; tail longer (averaging more than 58 in male, more 



than 56 in female) ; bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging 8.9 in 



male). 



h. Tail shorter (averaging 58.8 in male, 56.2 in female) ; pileum almost 



wholly rufous. (Western and central Mexico, in States of Sina- 



loa, Jalisco, Myiarchuschoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, and 



Guanajuato. ) 



Basileuterns ruflfrons dugesi, adults (p. 747) 

 hh. Tail longer (averaging 59.5 in male, 60.1 in female); pileum 

 brownish gray posteriorly (sometimes medially also). (North- 

 western Mexico, in States of Sonora and Chihuahua. ) 



Basileuterns ruflfrons oaudatus, adults (p. 748) 

 ee. Under parts mostly (sometimes entirely) yellow, the sides and flanks 

 olive-green. 




742 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



/. Auricular region with only the upper half chestnut, the lower half 

 whitish. 

 g. Hindneck and sides of neck gray; posterior under parts sometimes 

 partly whitish. (Southern Vera Cruz to Guatemala.) 



Basilexiterus rufifrons flavigaster, adults (p. 748) 

 gg. Hindneck and sides of neck olive-green, like back; under parts 

 without any whitish. (Highlands of Guatemala. ) 



Basilenterus rnfifrons salvini, adults (p. 749) 

 ff. Auricular region entirely chestnut. 



g. Darker; sides and flanks more strongly tinged with olive-green. 

 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica.) 



Basilenterus rufifrons delattrii, adults (p. 749) 

 gg. Lighter; sides and flanks less strongly tinged with olive-green. 

 (Colombia, north to Chiriqui. ) 



Basilenterus rnfifrons mesochrysns, adults (p. 750) 

 cc. Auricular region without any chestnut. 



d. A white superciliary stripe; crown chestnut, bordered laterally with black; 

 median under parts whitish. (Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui.) 



Basilenterns melanogenys, adults (p. 751) 

 dd. No white superciliary stripe; crown not chestnut. 



e. Spot in front of eye, postocular streak, and part of auricular region black; 

 superciliary stripe and median crown-stripe pale drab; under parts pale 

 olive-yellowish. (Highlands of Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Veragua. ) 



Basilenterns melanotis, adults (p. 752) 

 ee. No black on side of head; superciliary region olive; median crown-stripe 

 more or less yellow, sometimes partly orange-rufous or tawny; under 

 parts bright yellow. {Basileuterus culicivrynxs.) 

 /. Back, etc., grayish, more or less tinged with yellowish olive. 



g. Back, etc., darker and grayer. (Vera Cruz and Puebla, Mexico, to 



Costa Rica.) Basilenterus culicivorus culicivorns, adults (p. 753) 



gg. Back, etc., lighter, more tinged with yellowish olive. 



/(. Lateral crown-stripes broader, deeper black; median crown-stripe 

 clear lemon yellow, without olive tips to feathers. (States of 

 Guerrero and Jalisco, southwestern Mexico. ) 



Basilenterus culicivorns fiavescens, adults (p. 755) 

 hh. Lateral crown-stripes narrower, duller black; median crown-stripe 

 obscured by grayish olive tips to feathers. (States of Tamaii- 

 lipas and San Luis Potosi, northwestern Mexico.) 



Basilenterns cnlicivorus brasherii, adults (p. 755) 

 ff. Back, etc., greenish olive. (Chiriqui and Veragua.) 



Basilenterns cnlicivorus godmani, adults (p. 756) 

 hh. Pileuni concolor with back. Two narrow wing-bands of buff. (Young). 

 c. Back, etc., light brown or olive; chest buff or light olive. 

 d. A distinct supra-auricular streak of whitish; under parts more or less huffy, 

 e. Back olive; under parts pale buffy brownish, becoming nearly white on 



abdomen Basilenterns rufifrons rnfifrons, young (p. 746) 



ee. Back grayish brown; under parts entirely deep buff. 



Basilenterus rufifrons dugesi, young (p. 747) 

 dd. No whitish supra-auricular streak; under parts pale olive, the abdomen 

 pale sulphur yellowish... Basilenterus rnfifrons delattrii, young (p. 747) 

 cc. Back, etc., olive-brown or sooty; chest grayish brown or light sooty. 



Basilenterus melanogenys, young (p. 752) 

 an. Rump, tail-coverts, and at least basal half of tail buff. [BasHeuterm semiceninui.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 743 



b. More olive above; rump, tail-coverts, and base of tail deeper buff; median under 

 parts more strongly buffy, sides and flanks paler buffy olive. (Isthmus of 

 Panama, Veragua, and Chiriqui.) 



Basileuterus semicervinns veraguenais, adults (p. 756) 

 hb. More sooty above; rump, etc., paler buff; median under parts more whitish, 

 rides and flanks sooty olive. (Costa Rica to southern Honduras. ) 



Basileuterus semioervinus leucopygius, adults (p. 757) 



BASILEUTERUS BELLI BELLI (Giraud). 

 BELL'S WARBLER, 



Adult male. — Upper parts, except pileura, plain olive-green, becom- 

 ing dusky grayish on terminal portion of remiges; forehead and sides 

 of crown black, inclosing a central crown-patch of chestnut; a broad 

 superciliary stripe of clear gamboge or lemon yellow, extending to 

 sides of occiput; lores black, sometimes chestnut posteriorly (next to 

 eye); suborbital and auricular regions chestnut, this passing narrowly 

 above the eye; malar region and under parts lemon yellow, more or 

 less tinged with olive and passing into light olive-green on sides and 

 flanks; bill brownish black; legs and feet pale brown (in dried skins); 

 length (skins), 114-125 (118.6); wing, 56-62 (57.7); tail, 54-56 (54.7); 

 exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 21.^ 



AdjuLt female. — Similar to the adult male and not always distinguish- 

 able, but usually (?) slightly lighter or more yellowish olive-green 

 above; length (skins), 115-116 (115.3); wing, 54-59 (56.5); tail, 50-55 

 (52.2); exposed culmen, 9-9.5 (9.2); tarsus, 20.5-22 (21.1).' 



Tmmg., first plumage. — Above, including pileum, superciliary re- 

 gion, and lores, plain sepia or bister brown; the remiges and rectrices 

 olive-green, as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with 

 light fulvous or cinnamon-buff, producing two rather distinct bands 

 across wing; sides of head (except lores) plain olive, gradually fading 

 into paler olive on throat and chest, this passing into tawn}^ olive or 

 raw umber on sides and flanks; abdomen, anal region, and under tail- 

 coverts pale yellow (straw yellow)." 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa, Orizaba, Jico, 

 etc.), Mexico (near City of Mexico), and Oaxaca (Llano Verde, Toton- 

 tepec. Mount Zempoaltepec, Reyes, Cerro San Felipe, etc.). 



Myiarchussckapa belli Gibaud, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, folio 15, pi. 4, fig. 2 

 ("Texas;" type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.*). 



' Three specimens. ^ Four specimens. 



'Described from no. 143287, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. (Biological Survey collection), 

 from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Aug. 22, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. This speci- 

 men is beginning to assume the adult plumage, the scapulars and lower back being 

 olive-green, while yellowish feathers are appearing in the supra-auricular region and 

 on sides of chin. 



*The type specimen is so faded that its certain identification with one or another 

 of the three forms here differentiated is almost impossible. It seems, however, to be 

 nearer the one from eastern Mexico than either of the others. 




744 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Setophaga belli Baikd, Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 ("Texas"). 



ISetophagal belii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 245, no. 3556, part. 



BasiUuierua belli Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 65 (crit.) ; 1859, 374 (Llano 

 Verde and Totontepec, Oaxaca). — Baikd, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv.,ix, 1858, 

 305 (synonymy); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 250, part (Orizaba, Vera Cruz).— 

 SuMyiarchuscHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (temp. reg. Vera Cruz).— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 313, part (Mex- 

 ico). — Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335 (synonymy). — Ridqway, Norn. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1881, no. 134.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves.,i, 

 1881, 174, part.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 395, part (near City 

 of Mexico; Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Llano Verde, Oaxaca). — Ameri- 

 can Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 693, part. 



[Basileuterns'] belli Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



B\asileuterua\ belli Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part. 



Basileuterus bellii Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 35 (Orizaba). — Ridgway, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 216. 



Basileuterus chrysophrys Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314 (Real Ariba, Mexico; 

 coll. Berlin Myiarchuss.; ex Sylna chrysophrys Lichtenstein, manuscript). — Scla- 

 ter, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 202 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



BASILEUTERUS BELLI SCITULUS Nelson. 



GUATEMALAN WARBLER. 



Similar to _5. h. helli but larger; olive-green of upper parts darker 

 or duller; chestnut of crown and sides of head lighter and brighter, 

 the latter involving more (sometimes most) of loral region; yellow of 

 under parts averaging slightly brighter. 



Adult male.— Length, (skins) 114-127 (123.2); wing, 56-66 (63.5); 

 tail, 52-62 (58.7); exposed culmen, 9.5-10.6 (10); tarsus, 20-22 (21).' 



Adult female. — Length (skins), 125; wing, 55-61 (58); tail, 53-58 

 (55.5); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 21. 5. '^ 



Highlands of Guatemala (Coban, Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agiia, 

 Duefias, Todos Santos, Uspan tan-Quiche, etc.) and Chiapas (San Cris- 

 tobal).'' 



Basileuterus belli (not Myiarchussdcapa belli Giraud) Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 31 

 (Coban, Guatemala). — Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 250, part (Coban ).— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 313, part (Gua- 

 temala). — Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335, part (synonymy). — Boucakd, 

 Lists Ois. Guat., 1878, 30. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves,i, 



' Four specimens. ^ Two specimens. 



'Specimens from San Cristobal are in reality intermediate between Guatemalan 

 examples (true B. b. sciluhis) and B. b. belli, having the darker olive-green upper 

 parts of the former and the chiefly blackish lores of the latter. They are also inter- 

 mediate in size, specimens averaging as follows: 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 745 



1881, 174, part (Guatemala).— Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchusg., x, 1885, ,395, 

 part ( Volcande Fuego, Volcan de Agua, and Duenas, Guatemala) .—American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 693, part (Guatemala). 



[BasiUulerus} 6effi Scl.\ter and Salvi.m, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part (Guate- 

 mala) . 



Blcmlmterus'] belli Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part (Guatemala). 



Basileuterus belli scitulus Nelson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 268 (Todos Santos, 

 Guatemala; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



BASILEUTERUS BELLI CLARUS Ridgway.i 

 CHILPAlfCINGO WARBLER. 



Similar to B. h. scitulus in the lighter and brighter chestnut of 

 crown and sides of head, more extensively chestnut lores, and brighter 

 yellow of under parts, but tarsus much longer and olive-green of 

 upper parts lighter and more yellowish even than in B. h. lelli. 



AdaiU mcde.—LiQwgt}! (skins), 124-125 (124.5); wing, 63; tail, 59-60 

 (59.5); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 23-24 (23.5).' 



Adult femaZ^.— Length (skins), 115-120 (117.5); wing, 56-58 (57); 

 tail, 53-59 (56); exposed culmen, 9.5-10 (9.7); tarsus, 22-23.5 (22.7).' 



Southwestern Mexico, in States of Guerrero (Chilpancingo) and 

 Jalisco (San Sebastian). 



Basileuterus belli (not Myiarchusscicapa belli Giraud) Nelson, Auk, xv, 189S, 159 (Chil- 

 pancingo, Guerrero; San Sebastian, Jalisco). 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS RUFIFRONS (Swainson). 

 RUFOUS-CAPPED WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum deep cinnamon-rufous or rufous- 

 chestnut, with an indistinct and sometimes nearly obsolete median 

 stripe of paler, this sometimes mixed with grayish, especiallj' on the 

 occiput, and sometimes white anteriorly (on median line of forehead); 

 hindneck and sides of neck olive-gray; rest of upper parts plain graj'- 

 ish olive-green, the edges of greater wing-coverts, remiges, and rec- 

 trices brighter, more yellowish, olive-green; a sharply defined super- 

 ciliary line of white, extending from nostril to sides of nape; lores and 

 a triangular postocular space black or dark grayish, this passing nar- 

 rowly above the eye; upper half (approximately) of auricular region 

 cinnamon-rufous or rufous-chestnut, like pileum; lower portion of 

 auricular region, anterior portion of malar region, and chin white, the 

 first sometimes faintly flecked with grayish; thi-oat, chest, and upper 

 breast lemon or gamboge yellow; lower breast, abdomen, and under 

 tail-coverts white, often tinged with yellow; sides and flanks light 

 huffy brown; bill brownish black; iris reddish brown;' legs and feet 

 light brown (indried skins). 



'Type, no. 143292, coll. U". S. Nat. Myiarchuss. (Biological Survey collection), adult male; 

 mountains near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Dec. 24, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. 

 * Two specimens. ^-C. Sartorius, manuscript. 




746 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Toung.first j)lumage.— KhoYQ, including pileum, plain olive, becom- 

 ing olive-greenish on edges of remiges and rectrices ; middle and greater 

 wing-coverts tipped with brownish buff, forming two rather distinct 

 narrow bands across wing; sides of head plain olive, relieved by a 

 buffy whitish supra-auricular streak, the lores more dusky; malar 

 region, chin, throat, median portion of lower breast, abdomen, and 

 under tail-coverts, pale dull buffy; chest, sides of breast, and sides 

 plain pale buffy olive, the posterior portion of sides, and flanks, more 

 decidedly buffy. 



Admit inale.—L&Tigth (skins), 115-118 (116.7); wing, 51-53 (52); tail, 

 63-57 (55.2); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.6); tarsus, 20-22 (20.9).' 



Admit female.-'LQngth. (skins), 110-123 (118.2); wing, 48-51 (49.6); 

 tail, 52-58 (64.4); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.6); tarsus, 18-22 (20.3)." 



Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Cordova; Jalapa; 

 Myiarchusrador; Orizaba; Jico; Pasa Nueva), Puebla (Huachinango), Oaxaca 

 (La Parada; Cinco Senores; Tuxtepec; near Toton tepee), and Chiapas 

 (Ocuilapa, August 27; Guichicovi, September); Guatemala (in winter 

 only?). 



Sdophaga rufifrons SwAitfSON, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 294 (Mexico). 



S[etophaga] ruffrons Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265. 



ISeloplmga] rufifrom Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 245, no. 3554. 



\_Bmkuterus] rufifrona Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314. 



Basileuterus rufifrons Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera 

 Cruz); 1858, 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1865, 284 (monogr.); Cat. Am. Birds, 

 1862, 35 (Mexico).— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 296, footiiote; 

 Review Am. Birds, 1865, 248, part (Jalapa and Myiarchusrador, Vera Cruz).— 

 SuMyiarchusCHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (temp. reg. Vera Cruz).— 

 Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Guichicovi, Chiapas, 

 Sept.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 175, part 

 (Jalapa, Myiarchusrador, Orizaba, La Parada, Cinco Seiiores, Guichicovi, etc.).— 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 397, part (Jalapa; Cinco Seiiores).— 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xv, 1892, 119, in text (crit.; Myiarchusrador; 

 Orizaba; Guichicovi).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 25 

 (Jalapa). 



[^Basileuiei-its} rufifrons Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



Blasileuterus] rufifrons Ridgwav, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part (Myiarchusrador; 

 Orizaba). 



Basileuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 

 250 (Orizaba). 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS JOUYI Ridgway. 



JOTJY'S WAEBIER. 



Similar to B. r. rufifrons, but back, scapulars, rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts dull grayish olive, passing gradually into the but slightly 

 different brownish gray of hindneck and sides of neck, instead of 

 olive-green abruptly contrasted with the nearly pure gray of hindneck 



' Four specimens. ^ Five specimens. 



.d ^ 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 747 



and sides of neck; yellow of chest sharply defined posteriorly against 

 the purer white of middle breast and abdomen ; sides of breast gray, 

 passing into grayish buffy on flanks; tail averaging longer, and bill 

 much smaller. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 113-125 (120.3); wing, 52-55 (52.8); 

 tail, 55-58 (57.2); exijosed culmen, 8.5-9 (S.9); tarsus, 20-23 (20.8).' 



Adult fmmle.— Length, {skins), 115-120 (117.7); wing, 19-54: (52); 

 tail, 53-59 (56); exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 20-21 (20.6).' 



Mountain districts of eastern Mexico, in States of Nuevo Leon (Mon- 

 terey), San Luis Potosi (Hacienda Angostura), and northern Vera Cruz 

 (Myiarchusltrata). 



Bcmkuterus rufifrons jouyi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xv, no. 895, July 18, 

 1892, 119 (Hacienda Angostura, San Luis Potosi; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). — 

 JouY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusa., xvi, 1893, 777, part (Hacienda Angostura). 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS DUGESI Ridgway. 

 DUGES' WAEBLEE. 



Similar to B. r. jouyi, but upper parts much browner (hair brown, 

 tinged with olive, instead of gray, tinged with olive), sides of breast 

 pale buffy brown, instead of gray, and flanks more decidedly buffy; 

 tail avei'aging longer. 



Young, first plumage.^ — Above,including entire pileum, plain brown 

 (intermediate between broccoli and sepia), the middle and greater wing- 

 coverts rather broadly tipped with cinnamon, forming two distinct bands 

 across wing; a supra-auricular stripe of brownish buff, extending 

 anteriorly to above eyes; auricular region similar in color to pileum; 

 malar region and under parts deep buff, slightly paler posteriorly. 



Adult TOfflZe.— Length (skins), 118-121 (121.7); wing, 50-59 (53.9); 

 tail, 55.5-63 (58.8); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.2); tarsus, 20-23 (21.2).* 

 Admit female.— Length (skins), 116-124 (120.3); wing, 49-52 (50); 

 tail, 52-59 (56.2); exposed culmen, 8.5-10 (9.1); tarsus, 19-22 (20.1). ' 

 Western and central Mexico, in States of Sinaloa (Plomosas; Sierra 

 Myiarchusdre near Myiarchuszatlan), Jalisco (San Sebastian; Barranca Ibarra; 

 Zapotlan; Talpa), Myiarchuschoacan (Patzcuaro), Guerrero (Tlapa), Oaxaca 

 (Juquila; Cuicatlan; Oaxaca), Morelos (Cuernavaca), Puebla (Tochi- 

 milco), Hidalgo (Real del Monte; El Chico), and Guanajuato. 



BasUmterusrufifrons (not Seiophagarufifrons Swainson) Baied, Review Am. Birds, 

 1865, 248, part (Sierra Myiarchusdre near Myiarchuszatlan).— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., ii, 1874, 270, (Sierra Myiarchusdre).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1881, 175, part (Sierra Myiarchusdre).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 397, part. 



' Six specimens. ^ Three specimens. 



'The young of B. r. jouyi not seen. Compared with the young of B. r. rufifrom 

 that of B. r. dugesi is strikingly different, being conspicuously browner (or less olive) 

 above and much more strongly and purely buff below. 



* Thirteen specimens. ^ Eight specimens. 




748 BULLETIN 50, TJNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



IBaaileuteru^'] rufifrons Sclatbr and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 

 Blaiileuterus] rufifrons Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part. 

 Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi Ridgway, Proo. U. H. Nat. Myiarchuss., xv, no. 895, July 18, 



1892, 119 (Guanajuato, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi (not of Ridgway) Jouv, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 



1893, 777, part (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco). 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS CAUDATUS Nelson. 

 LONG-TAILED 'WARBLEK, 



Similar to J5. r. dugesi, but with much less of rufous on pileum, the 

 median portion of occiput and crown being brownish gray, this some- 

 times extending to the forehead; back, etc., slightly grayer; bill 

 smaller, and tail longer. 



Adult mall'. — Length (skins), 123; wing, 50-51 (50.6); tail, 59-60 

 (59.5); exposed culmen, 8.5-9 (8.7); tarsus, 20-22 (21).' 



Adidt female.— Liength (skins), 124; wing, 50; tail, 58.5-61.5 (60); 

 exposed culmen, 9-9.2 (9.1); tarsus, 20.5.' 



Northwestern Mexico, in States of Sonora (Alamos, etc.,) and 

 Chihuahua (Batopilas; Napolera). 



Basileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons Swainson) Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. 



N. H., V, 1893, 41 (Napolera, n. w. Chihuahua, Dec. 8). 

 Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiii, Myiarchusy 29, 1899, 



29 (Alamos, Sonora; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS FLAVIGASTER (Nelson). 

 CHI&F&S WARBLER. 



Similar to B. r. rufifrons, but with the under parts more extensively 

 yellow, sometimes entirely yellow, except the anal region or lower 

 abdomen, which are yellowish white or pale buffy yellow, and sides 

 and flanks, which are greenish olive. 



Adult mfflfo.— Length (skins), 113-120 (116.4); wing, 50-53 (51.6); 

 tail, 60-56 (53. 8); exposed culmen, 10-11.6(10.9); tarsus, 20-22(20.9).' 



Adult female. — Length (skin), 118; wing, 50.6; tail, 54; exposed 

 culmen, 10; tarsus, 22.' 



Southeastern Mexico, from southern Vera Cruz (San Andreas Tuxtla) 

 through Tabasco (Teapa) to Chiapas (Yajalon); Guatemala.* 



Basileuterus delaUrii (not of Bonaparte) Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 35 

 (Mexico). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 176, 

 part.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 396, part. 



(?) Bastileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons B'wa.mson) Salvin, Ibis, 1866, 192 

 (Duenas, Guatemala). 



Basileuterus flaiigaster Nelson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 67 (Yajalon, Chiapas, s. e. 

 Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



' Two specimens. ' Six specimens. ' One specimen. 



*I am unable to cite Guatemalan localities, tlie specimens examined being labeled 

 simply "Guatemala." 




BIRDS OP NOETH AND MIDDLE AMEBICA. 749 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS SALVINI (Cherrie). 

 SALVIN'S WAEBLER. 



Similar to B. r. fiavi<jitKtei\ but hindneck and sides of neck olive 

 (not distinctljr different from color of hack, etc.), instead of gray; 

 back, etc., rather browner olive-green; under parts entirely yellow; 

 length (skin)' 127; wing, 53; tail, 59; exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 21. 



Highlands of Guatemala (Coban, Vera Paz). 



Having but a single specimen of this form I am not able to form 

 a very decided opinion as to its status. Only these two facts are 

 clearly evident: (1) that typical B. ruffrom grades insensibly into the 

 present bird through the intermediate scries named B. ffarlgnster ))y 

 Myiarchus. Nelson, whose type is distinguishable from Myiarchus. Cherrie's type 

 of B. salvmi only by the distinctly gray neck and slightly clearer 

 olive-green color of the back, etc., other apparent differences rep- 

 resenting characters which vary with season or with the individual; 

 and (2) that the varying amount of yellow on the under parts is wholly 

 independent of relative age of the specimens. The puzzling element 

 in the case is that in Guatemala occur specimens which are indis- 

 tinguishable from B. r. fiavigaster and B. r. rufifroiix. Possibly these 

 are migrants, all the resident birds representing B. r. salvinl. 



Basileuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 274 

 (Duenas, Guatemala). — Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 249, excl. syn., 

 part (Coban, Guatemala). — Salvin and (todman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 

 1881, 176 (Duenas, Yolcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Coban, Lanquin, and 

 Cahabon, Guatemala; not " Nicaragua") . — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 

 1885, 396 (Diego, Calderas, La Trinidad, etc., Guatemala). 



IBasileuterus] delattrii Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



B[asUaaerus} delairii Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part. 



[Setophaga] delattrii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 245, no. 3555. 



BasileuUrus salvini Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, no. 855, Sept. 4, 1891, 

 342 (Coban, Guatemala; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS DELATTRII (Bonaparte). 

 DELATTEE'S WARBLEK. 



Similar to B. r. salvmi, but chestnut of the pileum and auricular 

 region darker, the latter involving the whole of the auricular region 

 instead of the upper and posterior portions only; hindneck and sides 

 of neck grayish (darker than in B. r. rufifrona and B. r. fiavigaster) ; 

 olive-green of back, etc., darker. 



Young, first plumage. — Above, including pileum and sides of head, 

 plain brownish olive; greater wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices 

 dark brownish gray, edged with olive-green, as in adults; middle and 

 greater wing-coverts tipped with cinnamon-buff, forming two distinct 



' ~ ~~ « 



' Specimen without sex determined; no. 30700, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Coban, Vera 

 Paz, Guatemala, Nov. 15, 1859; O. Salvin. Type o£ Basileulerus salmni Cherrie. 




750 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



bands across wing; an indistinct supra-auricular streak of paler olive; 

 chin whitish; throat, chest, and sides of breast pale brownish olive; 

 rest of under parts pale yellow (between sulphur and straw yellow), 

 the sides and flanks tinged with olive. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 112-133 (121.2); wing, 54-60 (56.5); 

 tail, 53-57(54.7); exposed culmen, 9.5-11 (10.1); tarsus, 20-21.5(20.9).' 



Ad'idt female.— 'Length (skins), 111-133 (119.7); wing, 53-58.5 (55.1); 

 tail, 52-55.5 (53.5); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.4); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.9).' 



Nicaragua and Costa Rica (San Jose; Cartago; San Juan; Guaitil; 

 Grecia; Alajuela, etc.) 



Basileuterus delatlrii Bonaparte, Oompt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 383 (Nicaragua).— 

 Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 325 (Costa Eica) .— Cherrie, Proc. U.S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 340 (crit.; Costa Eica), 527 (San Jos6, Costa Eica; 

 descr. young); Auk, ix, 1892, 22 (San Jos^ Costa Rica; descr. nest and eggs) ; 

 Expl. Zool. Costa Eica, i, Aves, 1893, 14 (Boruca and Buenos Aires, s. w. 

 Costa Rica). 



Basileuterus deloiirei Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 223 

 (Grenada, Nicaragua). 



Blasileuterus] delatru Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part. 



Basileutei-us mesochryms (not of Sclater, 1860) Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 

 250, part (San Jose, Costa Rica). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 

 (San Jos^, Guaitil, and Grecia, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1869, 294 (San Jos6, Costa Rica).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 

 52 (San Josi5 and Cartago, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Am., Aves, i, 1881, 176, part (San Jos6, Guaitil, Grecia, and Irazii, Costa 

 Eica).— NuTTiNt;, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., v, 1883, 499 (San Jos6).— Zeledon, 

 Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 107 (San Jos6, Alajuela, Naranjo de 

 Cartago, Grecia, and Monte Redondo, Costa Eica). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 

 434 (Volcan de Myiarchusravalles, Costa Eica). 



l^Basileuterus] rnesochrysus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part 

 (Costa Eica). 



[Basiteuteriis delattrii.l Subsp. a. Basileuterus rnesochrysus Sharpe, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 396, part (Grecia and Irazu, Costa Eica). 



BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS MESOCHRYSUS (Sclater). 

 SCLATER'S WARBLER. 



Similar to B. r. delattrii, but back, etc. , lighter and clearer (more 

 yellowish) olive-green, gray of hindneck lighter and clearer and more 

 strongly contrasted with olive-green of the back, and yellow of under 

 parts averaging brighter, with sides and flanks more faintly tinged 

 with olive; tail relatively shorter. 



Aditlt male.— Length (skins), 108-116 (110.7); wing, 55-59 (56.5); 

 tail, 48-53 (50.1); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.2); tarsus, 20-21 (20.2).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 102-118 (109); wing, 53-56(54.7); 

 tail, 47.5-54 (50.2); exposed culmen, 10-10.5 (10.3); tarsus, 20.5-21 

 (20.7).' 



' Four specimens. ^ Six specimens. ' Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 751 



Colombia, including Isthmus of Panama (Paraiso Station; Panama; 

 Santa Fe, Chitra, and Calobre, Veragua; Volcan de Chiriqui). 



[BasUeuterus] brunneiceps (not Setophaga bmnneiceps Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny) 

 Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314^ (Bogota, Colombia). 



BasUeuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soi\ Lond., 1855, 

 144 (Bogota).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.). 



B[<mkwtents] delatrii Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 522, part. 



BasUeuterus mesochrysus Sclatfr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 251 (Bogota, Colom- 

 bia; coll. P. L. Sclater) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 35 (Colombia).— Baird, Review 

 Am. Birds, 1865, 250, part (Bogota).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 136 (Santa F6, Veragua); 1870, 183 (Chitra and Calobre, Veragua).— Salvin 

 and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 198 (Myiarchusnaure, pro v. Santa Myiarchusrta, Colombia, alt. 

 2,700ft.); 1880, 117 (Santa Myiarchusrta); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 176, part 

 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Chitra, Calobre, and Santa F6, Veragua; Paraiso Sta- 

 tion, Panama R. R. ; Sierra Nevada de Santa Myiarchusrta and Bogota, Colombia). — 

 Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 144 (Santa Myiarchusrta), 180 (Palomina, 

 Santa Myiarchusrta).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., xiii, 1900, 176 (Bonda, etc., 

 Santa Myiarchusrta). 



[BasUeuterus'] mesochrysus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



[Badleuterus delattrii.']' Subsp. a. BuMleuterus mesochrysus Sharpe, Cat. Birds, 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 396, part (localities in Colombia, incl. Veragua). 



BasUeuterus delattrii mesochrysus Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 342, 

 in text (crit.).. 



BASILEUTERUS MELANOGENYS Baird. 

 BLAGE-CHEEKEI) WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Crown chestnut,^ margined laterallj^ with a 

 line of black, the black lines of opposite sides converging on the 

 median portion of the forehead, where sometimes forming a black 

 spot; sides of occiput (sometimes of nape also) sooty blackish; median 

 portion of occiput and nape, hindneck, and sides of neck plain dark 

 brownish gray or olive, passing into a more decided olive hue on back, 

 scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail dusky brownish 

 gray, the secondaries and rectrices edged with olive or light brownish 

 olive, the primaries edged with a paler and usually more grayish hue; 

 a broad superciliary stripe of white, more or less broken anteriorly 

 (on supraloral portion) by mixture of black; sides of head, including 

 loral, orbital, and auricular regions and anterior portion of malar region 

 black, the first sometimes broken by admixture of white on anterior 

 portion; chin (sometimes upper throat also) dull white flecked or barred 

 with black, the middle or posterior portion of the malar region also 

 mixed black and whitish; rest of under parts dull yellowish white, 

 shading into pale olive laterally, this more grayish (sometimes nearly 

 clear gray) anteriorly on sides of breast, etc.; chest faintly shaded 

 with gray or pale grayish olive; maxilla dark brownish with paler 



'Not a new name, but Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny's species wrongly identified and 

 referred to the genus BaMeuierus. 

 ^ These chestnut feathers elongated, forming an erectile bushy crest. 




752 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tomia; mandible brownish white (in dried skins); legs and feet pale 

 horn brownish (in dried skins). 



Young, first plumage. — Pileum and sides of head plain deep sooty 

 brown or sepia; rest of upper parts plain olive- brown, the remiges and 

 rectrices as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with 

 pale brownish buff, forming two distinct narrow bands across wing; 

 a supra-auricular streak of brownish buff; chin and upper throat dusky, 

 the feathers partly dull grayish white; lower throat dull brownish 

 buffy white; chest, breast, sides and flanks grayish brown, intennixed 

 with more rusty brown; median portion of breast and abdomen dull 

 buffy white. 



Advlt w;.a^e.— Length (skins), 121-132 (126); wing, 59-66 (63); tail, 

 58-62 (59.7); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11); tarsus, 23.^ 



Admit female.— Length, (skins), 120-134 (127.2); wing, 58-65(61); 

 tail, 55-61 (58); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 28.' 



Highlands of Costa Kica (San Jose; La Palma; Volcan de Irazu) 

 and Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui; Boquete). 



Basileuterus melanogenys Baird, Review Am. Birds, Myiarchusy, 1865, 248 (San Jose?, 

 Costa Rica; coll. U. 8. Nat. Myiarchuss. ). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 

 (San Jos6). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 ("Volcan de Chiriqui, 

 Veragua). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 174, pi. 10, 

 fig. 3 (San Jos6 and Volcan de Irazd, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui).— 

 Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 398.— Zeledqn, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. 

 Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (La Palma de San Jos6). — Cheeeie, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., xiv, 1891, 528 (descr. young). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ill, 

 1902, 60 (Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, 4,500-10,200 ft.). 



^Basileuterus] melanogenys Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



BASILEUTERUS MELANOTIS Lawrence. 

 BLACK-EARED WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum with two broad lateral stripes of black, 

 inclosing a broad median stripe of pale grayish buff, the former extend- 

 ing to and including sides of nape, the latter more grayish on median 

 portion of nape, the middle portion (on crown) sometimes pure buff; 

 rest of upper parts plain greenish olive; a broad superciliary stripe, 

 involving anterior portion of lores, pale buffy gray; spot in front of 

 eye and postocular streak black, this extending to sides of neck and 

 sometimes involving posterior and lower portions of auricular region; 

 suborbital region, at least part of auricular region, and malar region 

 pale buffy grayish, like superciliary stripe; chin and upper throat dull 

 white; rest of under parts pale yellow (between canary and sulphur 

 yellow), passing into greenish olive on sides and flanks and more or less 

 strongly shaded with the same, or with grayish olive, on cheat; max- 

 illa brown, darker basally; mandible pale brown or brownish white (in 

 dried skins); iris yellow; ^ legs and feet pale brown (in dried skins). 



'Four specimens, from Chiriqui. ' Jos6 C. Zeledon, manuscript. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 753 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 119-128 (123.3); wing, 57-65 (61.7); 

 tail, 50-57 (54); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 21-23 (22).' 



Adult female.— Length (sldns), 114^126 (122.2); wing, 59-64 (61.5); 

 tail, 52-56 (54.2); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 22.^ 



Highlands of Costa Rica (Cervantes; Birris), Chiriqui (Volcan de 

 Chiriqui; Boquete), and Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu). 



Badleuterus melanolis Lawkencb, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ix, Apr., 1868, 95 

 (Cervantes, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. ).— Salvin, Ibis, 1869, .313 (Costa 

 Rica).— Fkantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 183 (Costa Eica).— Sharpe, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 386 (Costa Eica; Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua).— 

 Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 60 (Volcan de Chiriqui and 

 Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft). 



SasUeutems bivittatus melanotis Zeledon, Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 107 

 (Costa Eica). 



Easileuterus bmttatus (not Myiarchusscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye andD'Orbigny) Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1870, 108, part (Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1870, 183 (do.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 

 1881, 170, part (Cervantes and Birris, Costa Eica; Cordillera del Chucu, 

 Veragua). 



[Basifeutents] bimitatus Sclatbb and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part 

 (Veragua; Costa Eica). 



EASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS CULICIVORUS (Lichtenstein). 

 LICHTENSTEIN'S -WARBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileura with two broad lateral stripes of black,^ 

 inclosing a median one of pale yellowish olive, the middle portion of 

 which is usually yellow,, rarely orange-tawny or rufous, the feathers 

 with light yellowish olive tips; rest of upper parts plain deep olive- 

 gray (olivaceous mouse gray), the primaries edged with paler and 

 clearer gray; a broad superciliaiy stripe of yellowish olive; eyelids 

 dull light yellowish; a dusky spot (more or less distinct) in front of 

 eye, and postocular region usually more or less dusky; auricular 

 region grayish olive, sometimes darker along upper margin, the lower 

 portion usually finely streaked with dull whitish or palo yellowish; 

 malar region and entire under parts lemon or gamboge yellow, passing 

 into light yellowish olive-green on sides and flanks, the chest usually 

 faintly tinged with the same; maxilla dark brown, mandible paler; 

 legs and feet very pale yellowish brown or buffy (in dried skins). 



AdAdt male.— Length (skins), 110-125 (122); wing, 58-64 (60); tail, 

 50-57 (51.8); exposed culmen, 9-11 (9.2); tarsus, 18-20.5 (19.2).* 



' Six specimens, from Chiriqui. 

 '' Four specimens, from Chiriqui. 



* These black stripes becoming narrower and less distinct, sometimes obsolete, on 

 forehead. 



* Sixteen specimens. 



3654— VOL 2—01 48 




754 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Adnlt /«/ia7(;.— Length (skins), 106-120 (111.9); wing, 55-62.5 (57); 

 tail, 48-54 (51.1); exposed culmen, 9-10.5 (9.8); tarsus, 18.5-20 (19.1).' 



Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Myiarchusrador; Cordova; Jalapa; 

 Orizaba; San Andreas Tuxtla), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca), Oaxaca (Pluma; 

 Coapam; Santo Pomingo; Teotalcingo), Tabasco (Teapa), Campeche 

 (Apazote), and Chiapas (Ocuilapa); Guatemala (Choctum; Cohan; 

 Khamkal; Volcan de Agua; Volcan de Fiiego); Costa Rica (Barranca; 

 Guaitil; Grecia; Dota Mountains; San Jose; Naranjo de Cartage; 

 Monte Redondo; Sabanilla de Alajuela). (No records for Salvador, 

 Honduras, or Nicaragua.) 



SyJv'ia ciilicivora Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2, no. 78 (Mexico; 

 see Jourii. fiir Orn., 1863, 67). 



B[asileuterus'] ndirirorvs Oabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 17 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 



Basileuterus culicii'orus Baied, Keview Am. Birds, 1865, 245, part (s. Mexico, 

 both sides; Ciioctum, Guatemala; Barranca, Costa Rica). — Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Barranca, Guaitil, Grecia, and Dota Mountains, 

 Costa Kica). — Sumichkast, Mem. Best. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (temp, region 

 Orizaba, Vera Cruz). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 312, part.— Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335 (synonymy).— Boucaed, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San Jos6, Costa Rica) ; ListeOis. Guat, 1878, 

 30 (Guatemala). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881,171, 

 part (Jalapa, Cordova, etc.. Vera Cruz; Teotalcingo, Oaxaca; Volcan deFuego, 

 Volcan de Agua, Coban, Khamkal, Choctum, etc., Guatemala; Costa Eican 

 localities) . — Sharpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 383, part (Oaxaca; Jalapa; 

 localities in Guatemala and Costa Eica). — Zeledon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., 

 viii, 1885, 105 (Costa Eica) ; Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa Eica, i, 1887, 107 (Sabanilla 

 de Alajuela, Naranjo de Cartago, Grecia, and Monte Redondo, Costa Eica).— 

 Chapman, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 25 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz) . — Nelson, 

 Auk, XV, 1898, 159, part (Pluma, w. Oaxaca). ' 



IBasileuterus] cnl.icirorns Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



B\_asiUuterus] cuticivorus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531, part. 



IBaMleuterus'] culicivora Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 313 (Jalapa). 



' Twelve specimens. 



Specimens from different localities average as follows: 




BIRDS OF WORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 755 



[Setopliaga] culmvora Gkay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3544. 



B(mleuterusbramri {notMyiarchusscicapabrasieri Girand) Sclatbe, Proc. Zool. iSoc. Lond., 

 1855, 66; 1856, 292 (Cordova, Vera Cruz) ; 1859, 374 (Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds', 

 1862, 34 (Oaxaca).— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 303 (synom- 

 ymy) .— Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 274 (X'olcan de Fuego, Guatemala). 



BASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS BRASHERII (Giraud). 

 BRASHER' S WARBJ.ER. 



Similar to B. c. cidiciutirK.s, but color of upper parts paler and more 

 yellowish gray, black lateral stripes of pileum narrower, and under 

 parts slightly brighter yellow: averaging slightly lai-ger. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 117-126 (121.2); wing, 60-63 (61.5); 

 tail, .52-57 (53.6); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.5 (10); tarsus, 19.5-20 

 (19.9).' 



Adidt female.— Length (skins), 112-119 (116); wing, 57-58 (57.3); 

 tail, 50.5-51.5 (51); exposed culmen, 9.5-10 (9.8); tarsus, 19-21 (20).' 



Northeastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Myiarchusra; Ciudad 

 Victoria) and San Luis Potosi (Jilitla). 



Myiarchusscicapa brasierii (typographical error'*) Giraud, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 

 1841, folio 25, pi. 6, fig. 2 ("Texas;" type in U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.).— Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 66. 



Bcmkuterus brasheri Berier, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Oct., 1880, 239 (corrects 

 spelling of specific name).^ 



BasUeuterus culicivorus (not Sylrki calkivora Lichtenstein) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Myiarchuss., iii, 1880, 216; Nora. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 133.— American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 692, part. — Richmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xviii, 1896, 632 (Alta Myiarchusra, Tamaulipas). 



B\asileuieruLs\ culmvorus Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531, part. 



BASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS FLAVESCENS* Ridgway. 

 JALISCO WARBLER. 



Agreeing with B. c. hrasheri in lighter and more yellowish gray of 

 back, etc. , deeper yellow of under parts, and in larger size, but upper 

 parts still more strongly washed with olive-yellow, black lateral crown- 

 stripes broader (as in B. c. culicivorus), and yellow of under parts 

 still deeper; differing from both B. c. cidicivorus and B. c. hrasheri in 

 having the median crown-stripe almost wholly clear lemon or canary 

 yellow (the feathers without yellowish olive tips) and the superciliary 

 stripe lighter and more yellow. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 123-125 (124); wing, 61-62 (61.5); tail, 

 52-56 (54); exposed culmen, 9.5-10.5 (10); tarsus, 20-20.5 (20.2).^* 



' Four specimens. '' Three specimens. 



' Species named in honor of Myiarchus. Philip Brasher, of Brooklyn, New York. 

 *Type, no. 156147, coll. U. 8. Myiarchusseum (Biological Survey' collection), adult male, 

 San Sebastian, Jalisco, Myiarchusr. 17, 1897; Nelson and Goldman. 

 'Two specimens. 




756 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Southwestern Mexico, in State of Jalisco (San Sebastian). 



Basileuterus culicivorus (not Sylma culicivora Lichtenstein) Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 

 159, part (near San Sebastian, mts. of w. Jalisco). 



BASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS GODMANI Berlepsch. 

 GODMAN'S WAKBLER. 



Similar to B. c. Jlavescens, but upper parts still more strongly 

 washed with yellow (the general color decided olive-green) and super- 

 ciliary stripe darker olive-green (the posterior portion concolor with 

 auricular region, instead of decidedly paler and more yellowish); aver- 

 aging slightly larger. 



Adult ///«/,'.— Length (skins), lldH26 (120.4); wing, 58-65 (63.2); 

 tail, 50-56.5 (54.1); exposed culmen, 9.5-10'.5 (9.8),; tarsus, 19.5-21.5 

 (20.1).^ 



Adtilt feiiiah'..~h&ngih (skins), 112-116 (114.7); wing, 57-62 (60); 

 tail, 49-54 (52); exposed culmen, 9.5; tarsus, 19.5-20 (19.7).' 



Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui; Boquete), and Veragua (Calovevora);" 

 southwestern Costa Rica (San Myiarchusrcos) ? * 



Basileuterus culinvoraa (not Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein) Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Calovevora, Veragua). — Sal- 

 vin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Ani., Aves, i, 1881, 171, part (localities in 

 Veragua). — Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 383, part (Veragua). 



[Basileuteriisl cjilicimrus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. 



Basileuterus godmani Beklepsch, Auk, v, Oct., 1888, 450 (Veragua; coll. Count 

 von Berlepsch). 



{'^) Basileuterus godmanni Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 

 1893, 10 (San Myiarchusrcos, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.; descriptions). 



B\_asileuterus'] culiciror us godmani Berlepsch, Auk, v, Oct., 1888, 450, in text. 



Basileuterus culicivorus godmani Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 

 1902, 60 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,700 ft.). 



BASILEUTERUS SEMICERVINUS* VERAGUENSIS (Sharpe). 

 BUTF-RTIMPED WAKBLER. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum and hindneck plain sooty or grayish 

 clove-brown; back, scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts plain deep olive; 

 wings dusky with olive edgings; rump, tail-coverts (upper and lower), 

 and basal two-thirds (approximately) of tail clear buflf; terminal por- 

 tion of tail olive-dusky with lighter olive edgings; a supraloral streak 



' Nine specimens. '' Three specimens. 



* Count von Berlepsch (Auk, v, 1884, 450) refers Costa Rican specimens to this 

 form, but all the specimens from that country examined by me belong decidedly to 

 B. c. culicivorus. 1 have not seen specimens from San Myiarchusrcos, which Myiarchus. Cherrie 

 refers to this form. 



*See Cherrie, Anal. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 10. 



^I have not been able to examine a specimen of B. s. semicervinus. An example 

 of B. s. uropygiaMyiarchus, from Bogota, Colombia, differs from the present form in having 

 the back, etc., more greenish olive, the under parts entirely and more deeply buff, 

 the basal portion of the tail deeper buff and the terminal portion lighter, more olive. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 757 



and upper eyelid pale dull buff or buffy olive; a triangular dusky loral 

 space and a less distinct (sometimes obsolete) dusky postocular spot or 

 streak; under parts pale buff', the abdomen (sometimes throat also) 

 nearly (sometimes quite) white, the sides and flanks buff'y brown, the 

 latter more strongly suffused with buff; chest sometimes indistinctly 

 barred with pale olive; bill brownish black or blackish brown, the 

 mandible sometimes paler brown; iris dark brown;' legs and feet pale 

 horn brown (in dried skins). 



Adult ?nfflfe.— Length (skins), 119.5-12i (122.5); wing, 62-64 (63.1); 

 tail, 50-53.6 (51.3); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.8); tarsus, 21-23 (22.4).' 



Adult female.— \jQngth. (skins), 119-122 (120.5); wing, 62; tail, 49-50 

 (49.5); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.6); tarsus, 21-23 (22). ■' 



Isthmus of Panama (south to Panama Railroad) and southwestern 

 Costa Rica (Rio Naranjo; Boruca; Buenos Aires). 



Sasikuierus uropygialis (not of Sclater, 1864) Sclatek and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soo. Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R.)-— Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 

 246 (Panama R. R.)-— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa Fe, 

 Veragua; crit. ); 1870, 183 (Bugaba, Veragua). 



[Basileuterus] uropj/gfiaKs ScLATEEand Salvin, Nom.Av. Neotr.,1873, 10 (Panama). 



Badleuierus semicermnus (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 

 322 (Panama R. R.). 



Basileuterus leucopygius (not of Sclater and Salvin) Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 172, part (Bugaba and Santa F6, Veragua; Pan- 

 ama R. R. ). 



[Basileuterus leucopygius. ] Subsp. a. Basileuterus veragueTtAis Shaepe, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., X, 1885, 403 (Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; coll. Brit. Myiarchuss. ). 



Basileuterus leucopygius reraguensis Bangs, Auk, viii, Oct., 1901, 368 (Divala, 

 Chiriqui); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 60 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 

 4,000 ft. alt). 



Basileuterus veraguenids Cheeeie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 

 12 (Rio Naranjo, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.; habits; song); Expl. Zool. Costa 

 Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 14 (Boruca and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). 



BASILEUTERUS SEMICERVINUS LEUCOPYGIUS (Sclater and Salvin). 



COSTA RICAN BUFF-RTJMPED WARBIER. 



Similar to B. s. veraguensis, but buff of tail-coverts and basal portion 

 of tail paler (nearly cream buff), that of the tail more restricted (occu- 

 pying about the basal half, instead of basal two-thirds, and quite hid- 

 den by the coverts); under parts paler, largely white medially, but 

 sides and flanks much darker buffy olive, and the chest (sometimes 

 breast also) spotted with pale olive. 



Adult ma^e.— Length (skins), 132; wing, 63-64 (63.5); tail, 61-52 

 (51.5); exposed culmen, 11.6-12 (11.7); tarsus, 23.6-24 (23.7).* 



Adult feinale.— I^ength (skins), 116-130 (121.7); wing, 60-63 (60.9); 

 tail, 48-50.5 (49.1); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2); tarsus, 20.5-23.5.' 



1 Heyde, manuscript. ^ Four specimens. '^ Two specimens. 



' Two specimens. ^ Four specimens. 




758 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Costa Rica (Angostura; Rio Frio; Tucurrique; Juiz; Volcan de 

 Myiarchusravalles; La Palma; San Carlos), Nicaragua (Greytown; Los 

 Sabolos), and southern Honduras (Segovia River). 



Basileuterus uropygialis (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1866, 

 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua) ; ix, 1868, 95 (Angostura and .Juiz, Costa Eica).— 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 313 (Nicaragua).— Bougaed, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 

 52 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). 



Basileuterus leucopygius Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 156 (Costa 

 Rica; coll. P. L. Sclater). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 

 1881, 172, part (Greytown, Nicaragua; Tucurrique, Angostura, and Juiz, 

 Costa Rica).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., vi, 1884, 399 (Los Siibalos, 

 Nicaragua; habits). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 402. — Zeledon, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., viii, 1885, 105 (Costa Rica); Anal. Myiarchuss. Nac. Costa 

 Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Angostura and Juiz, Costa Rica). — Richmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Frio, Costa Rica; habits; song).— 

 Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Volcan de Myiarchusravalles, Costa Rica). 



IBcmleutenis} leucopygius Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. 



Basileuterus semicervinus leucopygius Ridgway [and Nutting], Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Myiarchuss., V, Sept. 5, 1882, 390 (La Palma, Costa Rica; habits). 



Genus ERGATICUS Baird. 



Ergaticus Baird, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 237, 264. (Type, Setophaga 

 rubra Swainson. ) 



Small "fly -catching" Mniotiltidse with the bill very small and nar- 

 row (narrower than deep at gonydeal angle and with maxilla from 

 nostril not longer than hallux, without claw) ; ninth primary shorter 

 than fourth; color mostly red. 



Bill very small (length of maxilla from nostril not more than length 

 of hallux without claw), narrow (width at gonydeal angle decidedly 

 less than depth at same point); culmen nearly straight for basal half 

 or more, then gently decurvcd; maxillary tomium nearly straight for 

 terminal half, the basal half gently deflexed to the rictus, the sub- 

 terminal notch indistinct; gonys straight or very faintly convex. 

 Nostril longitudinal, narrowly oval, elliptical, or nearly linear, over- 

 hung by broad membranous operculum. Rictal bristles well devel- 

 oped, more than half as long as bill. Wing rather long, rounded 

 (seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest, eighth longer than fourth, 

 ninth shorter than third) ; wing-tip longer than commissure, but much 

 shorter than tarsus. Tail nearly as long as wing, rounded, the rec- 

 trices rather narrow, with rounded tips. Tarsus a little less than one- 

 third as long as wing, slender, its scutella distinct or obvious only on 

 lower portion; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal 

 phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length to outer toe, for 

 about half its length (or a little less) to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Prevailing color red (sexes alike). 



Nidification. — Unknown. 



^aMj?(?.— Highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. (Two species.) 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 759 



k This genus is very distinct from Cardellina, from which it differs 

 »: in its relatively much shorter and more rounded wing, longer and 

 decidedly rounded tail, more slender bill, longer rictal bristles, and 

 t very different style of coloration. 



'■ KEY TO THE SPECIES OP ERGATICUS. 



a. General color red. (Adults.) 

 . h. Auricular region silvery white, in sharp and conspicuous contrast with deep red 



of rest of head. (States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, T'uebla, Mexico, Myiarchuschoacan, 



; and Jalisco, Mexico. ) Ergaticus ruber, adult male and female ( p. 759) 



: 66. Auricular region satiny pink, concolor with rest of head. (Highlands of 

 Guatemala and Chiapas. ) . . Ergations versicolor, adult male and female ( p. 760 ) 

 aa. General color tawny brown. (Young.) 

 I 6. Auricular region light silvery gray Ergations rnber,^ young (p. 759) 



ERGATICUS RUBER (Swainson). 

 RED WARBLER. 



Adult male. — General color rich red, darker and inclining to claret 

 brown on back and scapulars, lighter (poppy red or between poppy 

 red and carmine) on rump and under parts of body; whole auricular 

 region silvery white or pale silvery gra}'; lesser wing-coverts concolor 

 with back; middle coverts dusky at base but with most of exposed por- 

 tion poppy red; greater coverts dusky, broadly edged with dull poppy 

 red; remiges and rectrices dusky, with dull reddish edgings, broadest 

 and most distinct on tertials; bill horn brown, paler on mandible; legs 

 and feet light horn brownish; length (skins), 115-126 (120. .5); wing, 

 57-63 (59.7); tail, 55-64 (58.3); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.5); tarsus, 

 18.5-20 (19.3); middle toe, 10-11 (10.2).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male but slightly duller in color; 

 length (skins), 115-117 (116); wing, 60-61 (60.5); tail, 56-57 (56.5); 

 exposed culmen, 8; tarsus, 20; middle toe, 9-10 (9.5).' 



Immature male {second year'). — Quite similar in coloration to the 

 adult female. 



Imtnature female {second year). — Similar to the adult female and 

 immature male, but the red of a more orange hue, and color of occiput 

 hindneck, back, and scapulars much duller, inclining to burnt sienna. 



Yowng, first plumage. — General color cinnamon-brown or russet, 

 darker above (inclining to mars brown on back and scapulars), paler, 

 more tawny -cinnamon, below, the abdomen inclining to cinnamon-buff; 

 auricular region pale silvery gray, in sharp and strong contrast with 

 brown of rest of head; wings and tail dusky, the middle wing-coverts 

 broadly tipped with cinnamon, the greater coverts broadly edged with 

 the same, the remiges and rectrices edged with dull brownish red or 

 reddish brown. 



Highlands of Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Myiarchusrador; Las 



^ The young of E. versicolor not seen. ^ Four specimens. ' Two specimens. 




760 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Vigas), Puebla (Mount Orizaba; Istatcihuatl; Cbachapa; Teziutlan), 

 Mexico (Tlalpam; Ajusco; near City of Mexico), Oaxaca (La Parada; 

 Llano Verde; Cerro San Felipe; Mount Zempoaltepec), Myiarchuschoacan 

 (Patzcuaro), Jalisco (Sierra Nevada), Durango (Ciudad Durango), and 

 Sinaloa (Sierra Myiarchusdre). 



Selophaga rubra Swainson, Philos. Myiarchusg., new sev., i, 1827, 368 (Valladolid, 

 Mexico'); Myiarchus, IS^^*, 784; Anim. in Menag., 1838, 293 (Toluca; coll. W. 

 Swainson).— (?)BoNAPAETE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 118 ("Guate- 

 mala").— Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 ("Texaa").- 

 ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1855, 65. 



[Sdophaga'] rubra Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3532. 



ICardellina] rubra Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 312. 



Carddlina rubra Oassin, Illustr. Birds Cal., Tex., etc., 1854, 265, pi. 43.— Sclateb, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1856, 292 (El Jacale, s. Mexico); 1858, 299 (La 

 Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 374 (Llano Verde, Oaxaca); 

 1864, 173 (City of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 38 (Mexico).— Baibd, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 296; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 216; 

 Review Am. Birds, 1865, 264 (n. e. Mexico; pine reg. Jalapa; Myiarchusrador; 

 highlands OrizaVja). — Diges, La Naturaleza, i, 1868, 140 (Valley of Mex- 

 ico). — SuMyiarchusCHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alp. reg. A'^era 

 Cruz).— Finsch, Abh. Nat. Brem., 1870, 329 (Myiarchuszatlan). 



Setofaga rubra Leib, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1842, 140. 



B[cisileulerm\ ruber Cabanis, Myiarchuss. Hein., i, 1850, 18 (Mexico). 



[Ergaticus] ruber Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



Ergalicus ruber Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 132. — Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 164. — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., 

 X, 1885, 406 (near City of Mexico; Jalapa, Oaxaca; Ciudad Durango).— 

 Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., ix, 1886, 138 (Istatcihuatl, Chachapa, 

 and Teziutlan, Puebla). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 

 1886, no. 691.— Cox, Auk, xii, 1895, 358 (Mount Orizaba, 11,000ft.).— Chap- 

 man, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., x, 1898, 40 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft. 

 alt., breeding). 



Elrgaticus^ ruber Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531. 



Cardellina (Ergalicus) rubraCovES, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 331, footnote (synonymy). 



Sylvia miniata (not Selophaga miniala Swainson) Lafresnaye, Myiarchusg. de Zool., 1836, 

 pi. 54. 



Parus leucotis Girahd. Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, fol. 17, pi. 4, fig. 1. 

 ("Texas"). 



ERGATICUS VERSICOLOR (Salvin). 

 FINE-HEADED WARBLER. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and chest rose pink, with a satiny gloss, 

 changingto nearly white in cei'tain lights, deepening on forehead, lores, 

 and suborbital region into wino. red or burnt carmine, the chin tinged 

 with the same, all the feathers of head, neck, and chest dusky beneath 

 the surface, this showing wherever plumage is disarranged; back, 

 scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts plain dark brownish red or deep 

 burnt carmine, passing into lighter red (nearest light burnt carmine) 

 on rump, the upper tail-coverts same color as back but with paler 



' Province of Morelia, State of Myiarchuschoacan? 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 761 



red tips; under parts of body, with under tail-coverts, poppy red, the 

 feathers sometimes with indistinct terminal margins of pale pinkish; 

 middle wing-coverts dusky tipped with pinkish red; greater coverts 

 dusky edged with deeper and duller red; remiges and rectrices dusky 

 with narrow and indistin(-t grayish red edgings, these more distinct 

 on tertials; maxilla dusky horn color, mandible paler; iris orange;^ 

 legs and feet horn color; length (skins), 112-117 (115.8); wing, 58-63 

 (60.3); tail, 52-56.5 (54.8); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.5); tarsus, 19-20 

 (19.3).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male but slightly duller in color, 

 with the red of a slightly more orange hue; length (skins), 111-120 

 (114); wing, 57-69 (57.8); tail, 53-56 (54.4); exposed culmen, 7-9 

 (8.1); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.8).= 



Highlands of Guatemala (Chilasco, Totonicapam, Volcan de Fuego, 

 Solola, Todos Santos, Hacienda Chancol, Uspantan-Quitche, etc.) and 

 Chiapas (Pinabete, San Cristobal, etc.). 



Cardellina versicolor Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lond.,1863, 188, pi. 24, fig. 1 (Chi- 

 lasco, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. Salvin and Godman); Ibis, 1866, 192 

 (highest districts of Guatemala). — Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865. 265 

 (Totonicapam, Guatemala). 



ISelophaga versicolor] Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3533. 



[Ergaticus versicolor'] Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. 



Ergaliciis versicolor Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 165, 

 pi. 11, fig. 1 (Volcan de Fuego, Sololu, Totonicapam, and Chilasco, Guate- 

 mala).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 407.— Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 

 159 (central Chiapas). 



E[rgalicus] versicolor Ridgwav, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531. 



Genus CERTHIDEA Gould. 



Cerlhidea Gould, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lond., pt. v, 1837, 7. (Type, C. olivacea Gould.) 

 Small long-legged, short-tailed, very plainly colored Mniotiltidse with 

 rather stout but acute bill; the tarsus much more than one-third as 

 long as wing and more than one-half as long as tail; coloration plain 

 olive, grayish brown or brownish grayabove, paler, sometimes nearlj 

 white, beneath, the thi-oat and a superciliary streak sometimes buffy or 

 rufescent. 



Bill rather small (exposed culmen less than two-thirds as long as tar- 

 sus, not longer than middle toe without claw, usually shorter), pointed, 

 deeper than broad at base; culmen distinctly ridged, nearly or quite 

 straight for basal half (more or less), the terminal portion very slightly 

 curved and the extreme base sometimes slightly convex; gonys straight 

 or very slightly convex, shorter than distance from nostril to tip of 

 maxilla; maxillary tomium with an indistinct notch near tip (sometimes 

 obvious only by very close inspection), its basal portion gradually curved 

 downward from a point beneath or slightly anterior to nostril. Nostril 



' Heyde and Lux, manuscript. '' Seven specimens. ' Five specimens. 




T62 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



horizontally oval or subcuneate, with membrane above, behind, and 

 below, but broadest above. Rictal ))riytles obsolete. Wing rather 

 short, rounded (seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest and nearly 

 equal, the eighth and fourth but little shorter, ninth not longer than 

 second); wing-tip shorter than length of culmen. Tail short (less than 

 twice as long as tarsus but more than two-thirds as long as wing), 

 rounded, the rectrices broad and rounded at tip. Tarsus long (about 

 twice as long as exposed culmen, much more than one-third as long as 

 wing), slender, its scutella indistinct (sometimes obsolete laterally); mid- 

 dle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus, its basal phalanx united 

 for more than half its length to outer toe, for less than half to inner; 

 lateral toes with claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hallux 

 about as long as lateral toes but conspicuously stouter, its claw decidedly 

 shorter than the digit. 



Coloration. — Plain brownish gray, grayish brown, or olive above 

 (the wings with narrow whitish bands in one species); under parts 

 much paler than the upper, sometimes dull white, the throat and a 

 superciliary streak sometimes buffy or rufescent. 



Nidi ficat ion. — Unknown. 



Myiarchusnge. — Galapagos Archipelago, where represented on all the 

 islands of the group. 



I have long been convinced that Certhidea belonged to the Mniotil- 

 tidas rather than the Ccerebidaj, where it had been placed by Messrs. 

 Sclater and Salvin. This view of its relationships has been confirmed 

 by an examination of its anatomical structure, made at my suggestion 

 by Myiarchus. F. A. Lucas.' 



Owing to their extremely plain coloration, it is very difiScult to con- 

 struct a key to the species of this genus, a difficulty greatl3f enhanced 

 by the fact that I have at the present time only four of the nine known 

 forms before me, while two of the remaining five I have not seen at 

 all. The following attempt is therefore far from satisfactory, but may 

 assist somewhat in the identification of the various forms. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OP CERTHIDEA. 



a. No whitish wing-bars. 



6. Adult males with throat and superciliary streak ochraoeoua-buft or tawny, 

 c. Darker and more olive above; rectrices very narrowly tipped with pale 

 brownish. 

 d. Less olive above, paler and less olive below; bill never black. (Jervis, 

 Narborough, James, Indefatigable, Albemarle, and Duncan islands. ) 



Certhidea olivacea (p. 763) 

 dd. More olive above, darker and more olive below; bill often black. (Chatham 



Island. ) Certhidea luteola (p. 764) 



cc. Paler and more grayish; rectrices rather broadly tipped with whitish. 

 (Charles Island. ) Certhidea ridgwayi (p. 765) 



' See Lucas, The Anatomy and Affinities of Certhidia (sic); Proc. U. S. Nat. MyiarchusB., 

 xvii, 1894, 309, 310. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 763 



bb. Adult males never with throat or superciliary streak ochraceous-buff or tawny 

 (rarely with a patch or tinge of ochraceous or huffy on throat). 

 c. Under parts darker, more olivaceous; upper parts browner or more olive; bill 

 longer (distance from nostril to tip of maxilla 7.9-8.9). 

 d. Chin and under wing-coverts buffy; mandible usually black. (Tower 



Island.) : Certtiidea mentalis (p. 766) 



dd. Chin and under wing-coverts not buffy (white or pale yellowish); 

 mandible never (?) black. 

 f. Paler, especially on sides and flanks; throat never inclining to ochraceous; 

 smaller (wing not more than 53.8). (Abingdon and Bindloe islands.) 



Certhidea fusca (p. 766) 



ee. Darker, especially on sides and flanks; throat sometimes tinged with 



or inclining to ochraceous; larger (wing 55.9-62 in males, 51.8-56.9 in 



females) . 



/. Smaller (wing of male 55.9-58.9, of female 51.8-53.*); pileum and sides 



of breast paler. (Wenman Island. ) Certhidea beoki (p. 767) 



ff. Larger (wing of male 62, of female 56.9); pileum and sides of breast 



darker. ( Culpepper Island ) Certhidea drownei ( p. 767) 



cc. Under parts brownish white; upper parts grayer; bill shorter (never more 

 than 8.4 from nostril to tip of maxilla, usually much less); rectrices nar- 

 rowly tipped with whitish. (Hood Island and Gardner Island near Hood. ) 



Certhidea cinerascens (p. 768) 

 00. Wing with two narrow bars of whitish. (Barrington Island.) 



Certhidea bifasciata (p. 768) 



CERTHIDEA OLXVACEA Gould. 

 DARWIN'S CERTHIDEA. 



Adult male. — Above plain pale olive, hecoming more olive-gi'ay on 

 pileum and hindneck; rump and upper tail-coverts more liuff yolive; 

 wings and tail dusky grayish with pale olive edgings, the middle wing- 

 coverts broadly tipped with wood brown, the greater coverts broadly 

 edged with the same; a short superciliary stripe (extending from nos- 

 tril to about 4 mm. behind eye), lower eyelid, malar region, chin, 

 and throat (sometimes upper chest also) cinnamon-tawn}-, tawnj'- 

 ochraceous, or cinnamon-rufous; lores and suborbital region pale dull 

 bufl'y; auricular region light buffy grayish; median portion of breast 

 and abdomen and under tail-coverts ci'eam buff, the breast with more 

 or less concealed central spots of the color of throat, the shorter 

 under tail-coverts tinged with the same; sides and flanks grayish buff}' 

 or pale olive-brown ; maxilla dusky, mandible pale brownish or brownish 

 white (in dried skins); iris dark brown; tarsi horn brown, the toes 

 darker; length (skins), about 91.5; wing, .55-57; tail, 37-40; bill from 

 nostril, 7.' 



Adult female. — Similar to the. adult male but .slightlj' smaller; under 

 parts paler (more whitish), with less of the cinnamon-tawny or cinna- 

 mon-rufous color on throat, etc., usually with much less, sometimes 

 with none; wing 54-56 (rarely exceeding 55).^ 



' Measurements from Rothschild and Hartert. 

 ^According to Rothschild an<l Hartert. 




764 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Yoimg.— Similar to the adults but plumage of looser textuj'e; 

 middle and greater wing-coverts margined terminally with cinnamon- 

 buffy; superciliary region, chin, throat, and chest dull buffy whitish 

 or very pale dull grayish buffy. 



Galapagos Archipelago (James, Duncan, Albemarle, Indefatigable, 

 Narborough, and Jervis islands). 



Certhidea oUvaeea Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. v, 1837, 7 (Galapagos 

 I.); Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii. Birds, 1841, 106, pi. 44, part (James I.).— 

 Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 476, part (James I.; Inde- 

 fatigable I.).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 28, part (James L; 

 Indefatigiblel.).— EiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii, 1889, 105, 119, 123, 

 125, part (James I.; Indefatigable I.); xix, 1897, 498 (monogr.). 

 C[erthidea] olivacea Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 541. 

 IChthidea} olivacea Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 

 CerOiidea olivacea olivacea Rothschild and Hartert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 

 148 (James, Duncan, Albemarle, Jervis, Indefatigable, and Narborough 

 islands). 

 Cn-thidea salvini Ridgvvay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, 



358 (Indefatigable I.; coll. Dr. G. Baur); xix, 1897, 500 (monogr.). 

 Certhidea albematiei Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15, 

 1894, 360 (Albemarle I., Galapagos, coll. Dr. G. Baur); xix, 1897, 500 

 (monogr. ) . 



CERTHIDEA LUTEOLA Ridgway. 

 CHATHAM ISLAND CERTEISEA. 



Similar to C. olivacea, but upper parts brighter olive and under 

 parts distinctly buff-yellowish (except in much abraded plumage); 

 no rufescent color on throat, etc. ;^ bill frequently entirely black; 

 wing, 52.1-52.8; tail, 35.6-37.6; exposed culmen, 10.2-10.9; tarsus, 

 20.6-21.6; middle toe, 12.2.'' 



Adult male. — Above uniform bright olive or buffy olive; wings and 

 tail dusky, the feathers broadly edged with the color of the back, the 

 tips of the middle and greater wing-coverts (rather broadly) pale olive- 

 buff, producing two indistinct bands across the wing; superciliary 

 streak, extending from nostrils to above posterior angle of eye, eyelids, 

 and entire under parts light buff-3'ellowish, deepest on throat, else- 

 where tinged with olive, especially on sides and flanks; under wing- 

 coverts and under tail-coverts pale yellowish buff; bill wholly deep 

 black; "iris brown;" legs and feet dark brown; wmg, 54.1; tail, 

 38.6; exposed culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 20.8; middle toe, 11. 4.''' 



Young male. — Above deep olive-brown, much darker on pileum 

 (approaching sooty on forehead), more fulvescent on rump and upper 



'A single specimen in the large series contained in the collection of the Tring 

 Myiarchusseum shows some freshly assumed rufescent feathers on the throat, showing 

 'beyond doubt thata red throat issometimes attained." (Rothschild and Hartert), 



' Thirteen specimens. 



'Type, no. 56, coll. Dr. G. Baur (now in coll. Tring Myiarchusseum), Chatham Island, 

 Galapagos, June 17, 1891. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 765 



tail-coverts, many of the feathers of top of head, hindneck, and hack 

 showing very indistinct tips of dusky, producing a very faintly mot- 

 tled appearance; greater wing-co verts conspicuously edged and tipped 

 with bright tawny; secondaries edged with tawny-olive; sides of head 

 and neck, throat, and chest nearly uniform dull light grayish brown, 

 mixed with pale dull buflfy, the feathers dusky gray basally; sides 

 and flanks similar but browner; median portion of under parts, pos- 

 terior to chest, dull pale buflfy, nearly white on lower belly and anal 

 region.' 

 Galapagos Archipelago (Chatham Island). 



Certhidea olivacea (part) Gould, Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii, Birds, 1841, 106 (Chat- 

 ham I., Galapagos Archipelago). — Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, pt. 

 ix, 1876, 476, part (Chatham I.).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 

 28 (Chatham I.).— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii, 1889, 105 (part), 121 

 (Chatham I.). 



Certhidea luteola Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, 

 360 (Chatham I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Dr. G. Baur) ; xix, 1897, 501 

 (monogr.) . 



Certhidea olivacea luteola Rothschild and Haktert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 

 149 (Chatham I.; crit.). 



CERTHIDEA RIDGWAYI (Rothschild and Hartert). 

 CHARLES ISLAND CERTHtDEA. 



Similar to C olivacea, but under parts much paler and less olivaceous; 

 upper parts more grayish; rufous-cinnamon of throat more rusty; 

 whitish tips to rectrices broader (1-1.5 mm. wide); bill usually deep 

 black. 



Young. — Above dusky blackish brown, the pileum almost uniform 

 black, the feathers of the back and rumj), and the upper tail-coverts 

 broadly edged with light brown, narrowly margined at tips with black, 

 and ash-gray at base; wings with light brown edgings, more rusty on 

 the coverts; feathers of under parts ash gray basally, then dark slate 

 color, their tips rusty buff; throat patched with blackish slate color, 

 caused by the greater extent of the slaty color in the middle of the 

 feathers.^ 



Galapagos Archipelago (Charles Island). 



According to Messrs. Rothschild and Hartert, the color of the 

 under parts in this form resembles that of C. cinerascens, " but is not 

 so white, and the adult males have a red \i. e. , rusty] throat, which is 

 apparently never assumed by O. cinerascens.'''' 



Certhidea olivacea ridgwayi Rothschild and Hartert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 

 149 (Charles I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. TringMyiarchuss. ). 



'No. 115940, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Chatham Island (high hills), Apr. 5, 1888; 

 C. H. Townsend. 

 ^Description adapted from Rothschild and Hartert. 




766 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CERTHIDEA MENTALIS Ridgway. 

 TOWER ISLAND CEETHIDEA. 



Similar to C. fusca^ but rather smaller; color darker and less oliva- 

 ceous, the under parts dull light olive-grayish becoming pale bufFy on 

 chin and under wing-coverts. 



Adult. — Above uniform deep grayish olive; chin, throat, and under 

 wing-coverts pale buff, deepest on chin, that of throat changing grad- 

 ually on chest to buffy gray, which covers whole chest, upper breast, 

 sides, and flanks; belly dull whitish; under tail-coverts buffy white; an 

 indistinct whitish supraloral streak; wing, 52.1; tail, -tO.l; exposed 

 culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 30.3. 



Of the five specimens examined one has the mandible apparently 

 black, one dark brown, the other three brownish white. 



Gralapagos Archipelago (Tower Island). 



Cerlhidm mmlalis Ridgway, Proe. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15,1894, 

 359 (Tower I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Dr. G. Baur); xix, 1897, 504 

 (monogr. ). 



C'erthidea oHmceo menlalis Rothschild and Hartbrt, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 

 150 (Tower I.). 



CERTHIDEA FUSCA Sclater and Salvin. 

 HABEL'S CERTHIDEA. 



Similar to O. oUvacea, but darker and less olivaceous above, the 

 under parts buflfy grayish white or very pale yellowish olive-gray; 

 bill more dusky (wholly black in adult male); adult male without 

 rufescent coloring on throat or superciliary region ; wing, 50.8-52.3 

 (51.8); tail, 33-36.8 (35.6); exposed culmen, 10.7-11.4(11.2); tarsus, 

 20.3-20.8; middle toe, 11.4-12.2 (11.7).' 



Adult male. — Above uniform grayish olive, the wing-edgings simi- 

 lar, but rather paler on tips of greater and middle coverts; supraloral 

 streak, orbits, and lower parts generally dull pale grajash buffy (the 

 bufi' clearer and more pronounced on throat), deepening on sides and 

 flanks into buffy olive-grayish and fading on belly and under tail-cov- 

 erts into buffy whitish; bill brownish black, rather paler on basal 

 portion of mandible; tarsi dark horn color, toes darker; length (skin), 

 100.3; wing, 50.8; tail, 35.6; exposed culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 20.3; 

 middle toe, 11.4.^ 



Adult female?. — Similar to the male as described above, but 

 slightly paler beneath and on sides of head, with throat less tinged 

 with bufl'y; basal half of mandible and maxillary tomium horn brown; 

 length (skin), 102.8; wing, 51.3; tail, .36.1 exposed culmen, 10.7; tar- 

 sus, 20.3; middle toe, 11.9.' 



'Five specimens. ^j^o. 116100, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. 



'No. 116102, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. 




BIRDS OB' NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 767 



Another adult male (no. 116101, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., obtained April 

 16) has the mandible distinctly light colored, except at tip, thus show- 

 ing the color of the bill to be an inconstant feature in this as well as 

 in some other species of the genus. 



Young. — Above similar to adult, but rather browner, and feathers, 

 especially on back, bindneck, and pileum, showing in certain lights 

 very indistinct narrow terminal bars of dusky; beneath much as in 

 adult, but sides of head and neck, throat, and chest more grayish; 

 sides and flanks faintly mottled with light grayish brown, the flanks 

 tinged with pale buffy. ' 



Galapagos Archipelago (Abingdon and Bindloc islands). 



Cerlhidea fusca Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., ]870, 323, 324 ( Abing- 

 don and Bindloe islands, Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Sal vin and Godman). — 

 Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soo. Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 477. — Sclater, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 28.— Eidgwav, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchusg., xii, 1889, 105, 

 119, 123, 124, 126 (Abingdon Island); xix, 1897, 502 (monogr.). 



[Certhidea] fusca ScijAter and Salvin, Noni. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 



Cerlhidea olivacea fusca Rothschild and Hartbrt, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 

 151 (Abingdon and Bindloe islands). 



CERTHIDEA BECKI Rothschild. 



WENUAN ISLAND CERTHIDEA. 



Similar to C. fu-sca, but darker, especially on sides and flanks; wing 

 longer, (56, nearlj'^ 69 mm., in males, 5^-54 mm. in females), but bill 

 shorter (8-9 mm.); adult male sometimes with an ochraceous patch on 

 throat, the adult female sometimes with the throat tinged with ochra- 

 ceous. Differing from C. olivacea in being darker above, darker and 

 browner on chest, flanks, and sides of breast, and in the adult males 

 not having the throat rufous-cinnamon.^ 



Galapagos Archipelago (Wenman Island). 



Certhidea becki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. liv. Myiarchusy 25, 1898, p. liii 

 (Wenman Island, Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Tring Myiarchuss.). 



Certhidea olivacea 6ecK Rothschild and Hartert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 149 

 (crit.). 



CERTHIDEA DROWNEI Rothschild. 



CULPEPPER ISLAND CERTHIDEA. 



Similar to C. hecki, but larger (wing, 6^ mm., in adult male, 57 mm., 

 in adult female); sides of breast darker, more olivaceous; pileum 

 darker; length of bill from nostril to tip of maxilla, 8-9 mm.'' 



Galapagos Archipelago (Culpepper Island). 



Certhidea drownei Rothschild, Bull Brit. Orn. Club, no. liv. Myiarchusy 25, 1898, p. 



liii (Culpepper Island, Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Tring Myiarchuss.). 

 Certhidea olivacea drownei Rothschild and Hartert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 



150 (crit.). 



'No. 116103, coll, U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss. 



' Description adapted from Rothschild and Hartert. 



'' Diagnosis adapted from Rothschild and Hartert. 




768 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



CERTHIDEA CINERASCENS Ridgway. 

 GRAY CERTHIDEA. 



Similar to C. fmca, but much grayer above and whiter beneath, and 

 bill smaller (length from nostril to tip of maxilla not exceeding 8.5). 



Adult wffife.— Above plain dull brownish gray, beneath wholly dull 

 grayish white, faintly tinged with buffy, especially along sides; bill 

 black, basal half of mandible horn color; legs and feet black; length 

 (skin), 97.8; wing, 50.8; tail, 35.6; exposed culmen, 9.4; bill from 

 rictus, 11.4; tarsus, 18.5; middle toe, 10.9.^ 



Galapagos Archipelago (Hood Island and Gardner Island, near Hood 

 Island). 



C'erlhidea cinerascens Ridgwav, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii, no. 767, Feb. 5, 1890, 



105, 119, 127 (Hood I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.); xix, 



1897, 503 (monogr.). 

 Certliidea cinerascens cinerascens Rothschild and Haetert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 



1899, 151 (Hood I. and Gardner I., near Hood). 

 Certhidia cinerascens Baur, Am. Nat., xxxi, 1897, 783 (Gardner I., near Hood). 

 Cciiliidea olirascens (laspus penna) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xii, 1890, 



124 (Hood I.). 



CERTHIDEA BIFASCIATA Ridgway. 

 BARRINOTON ISLAHTD CERTHIDEA. 



Similar to C cinerascens, but still whiter (entirely almost pure white) 

 beneath, and wing with two broad whitish bands across tips of greater 

 and middle coverts. 



Adult. — Above brownish gray, becoming very much paler on the 

 rump; wings and tail dusky, the feathers broadly edged with grayish 

 brown; middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with pale dull buffy, and 

 greater coverts with dull white, producing two conspicuous bands 

 across the wing; lores, orbits, cheeks, and entire under parts uni- 

 form dull white; maxilla dark brown, with whitish tomia; mandible 

 whitish; legs and feet brownish black; length (skin), 86.4; wing, 60.8; 

 tail, 35.6; exposed culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 19.8; middle toe, 12.2.^ 



Three specimens from Barrington Island agree in the above char- 

 acters. 



Galapagos Archipelago (Barrington Island). 



Certhidea bifasdata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, 

 359 (Barrington I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Dr. G. Baur^); xix, 1897, 

 504 (monogr.). 



Certhidea cinerascens bifasciata Rothschild and Hartert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 

 1899, 151 (Barrington 1.). 



'Type, no. 116069, coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., Hood Island, Galapagos, Apr. 7, 1888. 

 ^Type, no. 593, coll. Dr. G. Baur (now in coll. Tring Myiarchuss.), Barrington Island, 

 Galapagos, July 9, 1891. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 769 



Genus RHODINOCICHLA Hartlaub. 



Rhodinociehla Hartlaub, Journ. fur Orn., i, Jan., 1853, 33. (Type, FirrnariuR 

 roseus Lesson.) 



Rhodinocincla (lapsus') Reiciiexbach, Handta. Spec. Orn., no. x, Scansorije (Sit- 

 ting), Aug. 1, 1853, 148, 201. 



Ehododnda (emendation) Sundevall, Av. Meth. Tent., 1872, 13. 



Cichlalopia Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 6. (Type, TnnhiHvulpimis 

 Hartlaub, = /'VrnaWtw roseus Lesson. ) 



Very large Mniotiltidse(?) with bill nearly as long as head, stout 

 (depth at nostrils equal to nearly half the distance from nostril to tip 

 of maxilla), distinctly notched; nostril nearly circular, with very slight 

 superior membrane; I'ictal bristles obsolete; middle toe with claw nearly 

 equal to tarsus; wing excessively rounded, the outermost (ninth) pri- 

 mary much shorter than secondaries, the eighth shorter, or at least not 

 longer, than first, the seventh, sixth, fifth, and fourth longest and 

 nearly equal; tail about equal to wing, much rounded; upper parts, 

 sides, and flanks plain sooty blackish or slate color; superciliary stripe 

 and median under parts rose red in adult males, tawny in adult females. 



Bill nearly as long as head, moderately compressed, rather stout; 

 culmen straight for basal half (appoximately) then graduallj' decurved 

 to the distinotlj' but not abruptly uncinate tip, distinctly but not sharply 

 ridged basally ; maxillary tomium nearly straight for most of its length, 

 ■distinctly notched subterminally; gonys very faintly convex. Nostril 

 circular, in anterior end of nasal fossee, without superior operculum or 

 membrane, except posteriorly. Rictal bristles obsolete. "Wing short, 

 excessively rounded; outermost (ninth) primary much shorter than 

 secondaries; eighth shorter (or at least not longer) than first, the sev- 

 enth, sixth, fifth, and fourth longest and nearly equal; wing-tip about 

 half as long as exposed culmen. Tail about as long as wing, much 

 rounded, the rectrices very broad, with rounded tips. Tarsus about 

 one-third as long as wing, stout, its scutella indistinct on outer side; 

 middle toe, with claw, nearly as long as tarsus; lateral toes equal, their 

 claws' falling short of base of middle claw; hallux about as long as lat- 

 eral toes, slender, its claw much shorter than the digit; basal phalanx 

 of middle toe united for most of its length to outer toe, for about half 

 its length to inner toe. 



Coloration. — Upper parts, sides of head, sides, and flanks plain 

 sooty blackish or slate color; superciliary stripe, malar region, and 

 under parts (except laterally) rose red in adult males, tawny in females; 

 young said to have the under parts mottled." 



Mdification. — U nkno wn . 



'Evidently a slip of the memory, or the pen, since Hartlaub is cited, as above, as 

 authority for the name. 

 ^Salvinand Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 38 

 3654— VOL 2—01 i9 




770 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Range.— WeHtem Mexico; Costa Rica to Colombia and Venezuela. 

 (Two species.) 



Although this genus, first placed in the Furnariidse, but usually 

 referred to either the Myiarchusmidse or Troglodytidae, is very aberrant as a 

 member of the Mniotiltidse, I do not know where else to place it. It 

 quite certainly does not belong to the first-named family, being 

 unquestionably an oscine bird; nor can it belong to either of the other 

 two, which are both " ten-primaried " groups, while Rhodincoickla is 

 " nine-primaried," the tenth primary being very minute and entirely 

 concealed. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP EHODINOCICHLA. 



o. Superciliary stripe, throat, breast, etc., rose red. (Adult males.) 

 b. Smaller (wing 81, tail 78, depth of bill at nostrils 5.5) .' (Venezuela; Colombia.) 



Ehodinooiolila r.osea rosea, adult male (extralimitaP) 

 bb. Larger (wing 83-90, tail 82-93, depth of. bill at nostrils 6.5-7). 

 c. Upper parts slate-black; flanks dark slate color; wing and tail shorter, feet 

 larger (wing averaging 85. 6, tail 85.7, tarsus 27.3, middle toe 19.5). (Isth- 

 mus of Panama to southern Costa Rica. ) 



Bhodinociclila rosea ezimia, adult male (p. 770) 



cc. Upper parts slate color; flanks slate-gray; wing and tail longer, feet smaller 



(wing averaging 88.3, tail 89.3, tarsus 25.4, middle toe 18.1). (Western 



Mexico. ) Shodmociohla schistacea, adult male (p. 772) 



aa. Superciliary stripe, throat, breast, etc., tawny. (Adult females. ) 

 6. Smaller, with larger feet (wing 77-82.5, tail 78-84, tarsus 26-28). 

 c. Bill more slender (depth at nostrils 5.8) ; upper parts slate color, flanks slate- 

 gray Shodinocichla rosea rosea, adult female (extralimital) 



cc. Bill stouter (depth at nostril 6-7, averaging 6.7); upper parts slate-black, 



flanks slate color Ehodinociclila rosea eximia, adult female (p. 771) 



66. Larger, with smaller feet (wing 83-85, tail 83-86, tarsus 25).^ 



BhodinooicMyiarchus schistacea, adult female (p. 772) 



RHODINOCICHLA ROSEA EXIMIA Ridgway. 

 FANAKA TEKTrSH-WASBLER. 



Similar to H. r. rosea, but larger, with stouter bill and decidedly 

 darker coloration. 



Adult male. — Upper parts uniform slate-black, the greater wing- 

 coverts more or less distinctly edged with slate-gray; a superciliary 



' Coloration intermediate between that of R. r. eximia and R. schistacea. 



Bhodinociclila rosea rosea (Lesson). 

 Furnarins roseus Lesson, lUustr. Zool., 1832-34, pi. 5 (San Juan, Brazil); Lafres- 

 naye, Kev. Zool., viii, 1845, 10 (Colombia; crit.). — Rhodinocinda rosea Eeich- 

 enbach, Handb. Spec. Orn., no. x, Scansoriae (Sittinae), Aug. 1, 1853, 148; 

 Rlliodinocincla} rosea Reichenbach, Handb. Spec. Orn., no. x, 1853, 201.— 

 Rhodinocichla rosea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 141 (Bogota, 

 Colombia). — Tiirdus vulpinus Hartlaub, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., i, 1849, 276 

 (Venezuela; coll. Bremen Myiarchuss.; = female). — Cichlalopia rulpina Bonsi^^aiie, 

 Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 6. 



'■' Coloration similar to that of A', rosea rosea, but flanks rather paler slate-gray. 




BIKDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMBKICA. 771 



stripe of clear rose red, broadest over lores, where encroaching on 

 sides of forehead, becoming much narrower from above the eye back- 

 ward, the supra-auricular portion white or pale rose pink; lower half 

 of lores, suborbital region, auricular region, and sides of neck uniform 

 slate-black; malar region, chin, throat, chest, abdomen, under tail- 

 coverts, anterior lesser wing-coverts, and marginal under wing-coverts 

 clear i"Ose red (the feathers grayish dusky basally); sides, flanks, and 

 thighs dark slate color or nearly slate-black; under wing-coverts 

 (except those along edge of wing) pale gray centrally, broadlj"- mar- 

 gined with white; maxilla dark horn color basally, pale brownish or 

 whitish terminally (sometimes for more than terminal half) and along 

 tomia; mandible pale yellowish brown or whitish; length (skins), 

 190-201 (194.7); wing, 83-88 (85.6); tail, 81-89 (85.7); exposed culmen, 

 19.5-21.8(20.6); depth of bill at nostrils, 6.5-7 (6.8); tarsus, 26-28.5 

 (273); middle toe, 18.5-21 (19.5). ' 



Admit female. — Pattern of coloration exactly as in adult male, 

 but the I'ose red replaced by clear, rich tawny, the lower abdomen 

 more or less extensively white, and the slate-black of upper parts 

 slightly more slaty, the flanks decidedly so; length (skins), 180-190 

 (185.5); wing, 77-82.5 (80); tail, 77-84 (79.8); exposed culmen, 19-21.5 

 (19.8); depth of bill at nostrils, 6-7 (6.7); tarsus, 26-28 (26.8); middle 

 toe, 18-19.5 (19).^ 



Immature male. — Similar to the adult female, but superciliary stripe 

 red, instead of tawny, anteriorly, chin, throat, and malar region 

 strongly tinged with red (especially the latter), and tawny of under 

 parts much more restricted, and darker, slightly tinged with red on 

 breast. 



Immature female. — Similar to the adult female, but greater wing- 

 coverts margined terminally with tawny and tawny supraloral space 

 narrower and less sharply defined. 



Tou7ig in first plumage. — "All over blackish, with a few rufous 

 edges to the wing-coverts; underneath mottled like a young blackbird,* 

 the features sandy buff, with broad black edges; the center of the 

 abdomen somewhat whiter; over the eye a broad streak of white."' 



Isthmus of Panama and north to southern Costa Eica. 



Rhodinocichla rosea (not of Sclater, 1855, *not Farnarius roseus Lesson) Solater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 140 (David, Chiriqui). — Lawbbncb, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., vii, 1861, 292 (Lion Hill, Panama E. E.); ix, 1868, 92 (Costa 

 Rica).— ScLATEE and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1864, 345 (Lion Hill). — 

 Baied, Review Am. Birds, 1864, 91, footnote, part (Panama E. E. ). — Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 133 (Santa F6, Veragua, and David, Chiriqui; 

 crit.); 1870, 180 (Calovevora, Chitra, and Myiarchusna de Choreha, Veragua).— 

 Fbantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 291 (Costa Eica). — Salvin and Godman, 



' Ten specimens. '' Merula merula (Linnaeus). 



'Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., vi, 1881, 367. 



*Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond!, 1855, 141 (Bogota, Colombia); = R. rosea rosea (Lesson). 




772 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1879, 38, part (Costa Bica; David; Volcan de 

 Chiriqui; Myiarchusna de Chorcha; Chitra; Calovevora; Santa F6; Lion Hill).— 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., vi, 1881, 366, part (Costa Rica; Veragua).— 

 EiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., xvi, 1893, 609 (Buenos Aires, s. w. Cosia 

 Rica; crit.).— Chereie, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 4 (Buenos 

 Aires, Costa Rica; descr. male and female).— Bangs, Auk, xviii, 1901, 368 

 (Divala, Chiriqui); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 60 (Boquete, 

 3,000 to 3,500 ft., and Bogaba, Chiriqui). 



IShodinocichla'] rosea Sclatbk and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 3, part. 



[shodinocichla rosea] a. rosea Ridgway, Proc. tJ. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, Dec. 10, 1878, 

 247 (diagnosis). 



RHODINOCICHLA SCHISTACEA Ridgway. 

 MEXICAN THRTJSH-WARBLEK. 



Similar to H. r. eximia, but with black of upper parts replaced by 

 slate color, that of the flanks by slate-gray; wing and tail decidedly 

 longer, feet smaller. 



Advlt male. — Upper parts, including sides of neck, plain slate color, 

 the feathers with slightly darker centers, especially the scapulars, 

 interscapulars, and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail darker, the 

 former with distinct edgings of paler slate color or slate-gray, these 

 most conspicuous on middle and greater coverts; a superciliary stripe 

 of pure rose red, becoming whitish or pale rose pink posteriorly 

 (above auricular region), broadest anteriorly, where encroaching on 

 sides of forehead; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions deep slate 

 color; sides and flanks and thighs plain grayish slate or slate-gray, 

 paler on flanks; malar region, chin, throat, breast, abdomen, and car- 

 pal region, clear rose red, most intense anteriorly, the feathers dusky 

 basally, except on chin, throat, and malar region, where bases of 

 feathers are whitish; under wing-coverts pale gray broadly margined 

 with white, those along edge of wing rose red; maxilla brownish black 

 with paler tomia; mandible pale grayish horn color (in dried skins); 

 iris brown;' legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 

 200-219 (207.5); wing, 86-90 (88.3); tail, 86.5-93 (89.3); exposed cul- 

 men, 20-22 (20.5); depth of bill at nostrils, 6.5-7 (6.8); tarsus, 24-26 

 (25.4); middle toe, 17-19 (18.1).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but slate color of upper 

 parts slightly browner, rose red of superciliary stripe and under parts 

 replaced by tawny, superciliary stripe white for posterior half or 

 more, and lower abdomen partly white, or whitish; length (skins), 197- 

 208 (203.8); wing, 83-85 (84); tail, 83-86 (84.6); exposed culmen, 18- 

 19 (18.5); depth of bill at nostrils, 6-6.2 (6.1); tarsus, 25; middle toe, 

 18-19 (18.3).^ 



Western Mexico, in States of Sinaloa (Myiarchuszatlan), Jalisco (Ixtapa), 

 and Colima (Colima; Sierra Myiarchusdre), and Territory of Tepic (Santiago). 



' According to Grayson, manuscript. ^ Seven specimens. ' Three specimens. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 773 



Rhodinockhla rosea (not Furmirius roaeus Lesson) Finsch, Abh. Xat. A^er. Brem., 

 1870, 329 (Myiarchuszatlan) .—Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 267 

 (Myiarchuszatlan; Sierra Myiarchusdre, Colima, habits; song). — Salvix and Godmax, Biol. 

 Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1879, 38, part (Myiarchuszatlan; Sierra Myiarchusdre de Colima). — 

 Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., vi, 1881, 366, part (in synonymy). 



[Ehodinodchla] rosea Sclater and Salvix, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 3, part. 



Rhodinodchla rosea, 13. schistacea, Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., i, Deo. 10 

 1878, 247 (Sierra Myiarchusdre, Colima, s. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss.). 



Rhodinockhla schistacea Shakpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., vi, 1881, 367. 





ADDENDA. 



(Including corrections.) 



Page S; To citations of CKloroplionia callophrys add: 



Salvadori and Festa, Boll. jNTus. ZooL, etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1889, 3 (Chiri- 

 qui).— Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 4,000 

 to 7,500 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). 



Page 27: To citations of Ewplionia hirundinaeea add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 3,800 to 4,000 

 ft.), and remove interrogation point after Chiriqui, in statement of geographic range. 



Page 29: To citations of Eiqjlionia laniirostris add: 



Salvadoki and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 3 (Punta 

 ileSabana, Isthmus of Panama). 



Page 33: Add: 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BUTHRAUPIS. 



II. Sides and flanks yellow, mottled or blotched with dusky. (Veragua. ) 



Buthraupis arcsei, adult male (p. 33) 



««. Sides and flanks, very broadly, uniform dusky blue, like upper parts. (Costa 



Rica.) Buthraupis caeruleigularis, adult male (p. 34) 



Page 40: To citations of Calosfiza floricLa arcwi add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Caribbean slope of Volcan de 

 Chiriqui, 2,000 ft.). 



Page 42: To citations of Calliste guttata &<\A: 



Salvador: and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 899, 1899, 3 (Chiriqui). 



Page 42: For Calosinza cahanisi Sclater read: Calospiza cdbanisi 

 (Sclater). 

 Page 46: 



CALOSPIZA LAVINIA (Cassin). 



Immature. — Plain glossy green, including head and neck, the under 

 parts paler; abdomen light turquoise blue, or mixed with that color; 

 primaries edged with green, this having a slight brownish tinge ba.sally 

 on the outermost quills. (Very similar to the corresponding plumage 

 of 0. gyroloides, but the coloration brighter, especially the green of 

 the under parts.) 



Page 47: To citations of Cnllixte dotoi add: 



Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 899, 1899, 3 (Chiriqui). 



775 




.776 TUTLLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Pag-e 57: To citations of Tanagra cana &AA: 



Boi'CAKD, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. 



Page 5.s': To citations of Tanagra cana diaconus add: 



Bakgs, Proo. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 65 (Boquete, 3,000 to 4,000 ft., and 

 Bogaba, Chiriqui) . 



Page 62: To citations of Tanagra ahbas add: 



BoucARi), Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. 



Page 62: To sj^nonymy of Spindalis add: 



Shizcmpelis (typographical error) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866 (pub. 

 Myiarchusy, 1867), 92. 



Page 77: The synonymy of Ph'anga ruh'iceps, accidentally omitted, 

 is as follows: 



Plyraruja] rubriceps Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364, pi. 89, lower fig. (No 

 descrij)tion nor locality given. )— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, i, 1874, 433. 

 Pynmgd rubriceps Bonaparte, Rev. et Myiarchusg. de Zool., iii, 1851, 178; Note surles 

 Tang., 1851, 29.— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 156 (Bogota); 1856, 

 125 (monogr.); Synopsis Av. Tanagr., 1856, 49; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 81 

 (Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., xi, 1886, 192.— Sclatek and Salvix, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1879, 502 (Antioquia, Colombia).— Taczanowski, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, 115 (n. Peru); Orn. du P^rou, ii, 1884, 496.- 

 Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proo. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Baiios, e. 

 Ecuador, 6,200 ft.).— Bryant (W. E.), Auk, iv, 1887, 78 (Dos Pueblos, Santa 

 Barbara Co., California, 1 spec, "about 1871 "). 

 [Pyrangd] rutn'ceps Sclater and Salvix, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22. 

 P[iranga] rubriceps Ridgway, Myiarchusn. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589 (Dos Pueblos, 



Santa Barbara Co., California; description). 

 Pyranga erythrocephalu (not Spermagra erylhrocephala Swainson) Gray, Gen. 



Birds, App., 1849, 16. 

 [Pyranga] erylhrocephala Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 241. 

 Pyranga pyrrkocephala " Myiarchusssena, MS." Sclateb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 

 125 (in synonymy). 

 This exclusivelj' South American species has been reported (as above 

 cited) to have been once taken in California. The identification of the 

 specimen on which the record is based is undoubtedly correct; but 

 even granting no mistake has been made as to the specimen having 

 actually been taken in California, the occurrence must have been purely 

 fortuitous, most likely an escape from captivity, and the species has no 

 claim to a place in the North American fauna. 

 Page 81: To citations of Plranga rubra add: 



Butler, Bull. Brookville Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 32 (Franklin Co., Indiana, com- 

 mon summer resid.).— Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 217.— Beyer, Proc. Louis. 

 Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 108 (Louisiana, breeding).— Torrey, Auk, xviii, 1901, 

 273 (Newton, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec. Myiarchusy 12, 1901). 



Page 84: To citations of Plranga nthra coopei'i add: 



Allen,. Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., v, 1893, 40 (Fronteras, n. e. Sonora, August; San 

 Diego, n. \v. Chihuahua, April, Myiarchusy). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 777 



Page 94: To citations of Fir(m</ii Judovichtiut add: 



Bowles, Condor, iv, 1902, 16 (Washington and Oregon; habits; descr. nest and 

 eggs). 



Page 96: To synonj-my of I'imrujd Ijideiitata fdimuea add: 



Piranya bidentcda flammea Nelson, North Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 53 (Tres Myiarchusrias; 

 habits; song; crit. ). 



Page 98:' To .sj'nonymy of Pira»i/a h'ldentata miKjninolenta add: 



Piranga bidentaln sangidnolenla Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 

 1902, 66 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,000 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). 



Page 101: To citations of Pimrujn h;vcoptev(i latifasdata add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 66 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 

 5,000 ft.). 



Page 106, fourth paragrapii, in text: For IL^vtisjjlngu^ read Ilerni- 

 thraupis. 

 Page 111: To citations of Hhamjjhoca'Iu.^ patiScrinii add: 

 SALVADORiand Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Chiriqui). 

 Page 111: 



RAMPHOCELUS COSTAPICENSIS Cherrie. 



Seven adult males, three immature males, and three adult females 

 from Divala and Bogaba, Chiriqui, just received from Myiarchus. Outram 

 Bangs — all of them beautifully prepared specimens — enable me to 

 give a better diagnosis of this form : 



Similar to R. p. passerinii, but slightlj' larger; adult female and 

 immature male with a broad and conspicuous band of ochraceous- 

 orange or dull reddish orange across the chest, and with the rump 

 olivaceous-orange deepening into a more reddish or ochraceous-oi'ange 

 hue on upper tail-coverts. 



Adult male (seven specimens). — Length (skins), 159-165 (162.6); 

 wing, 76.5-81 (78.6); tail, 68-72 (70.1); exposed culmen, 14-15 (14.3): 

 tarsus, 21-23 (22.1). 



Adult female (three specimens). — Length (skins), 160-167 (163); 

 wing, 76-78 (77); tail, 70.5-72 (71.2); exposed culmen, 14-16 (15); 

 tarsus, 22-23 (22.5). 



Southwestern Costa Rica (Pozo Azul; Boruca; Palmar; Buenos 

 Aires; Navarro) and Chiriqui (Bogaba; Divala). 



The form is without doubt a subspecies of R.passerinii, and should 

 be called Ramphocehis prtsseriiiii costaricensis (Cherrie). 



Page 115: To synonymy of Ramphocehis fesiae. add: 



Myiarchusmphoccelus festae Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 

 399, 1899, 4 (Chiriqui). 



Page 117: To citations of Ramphocehis'^ dim.idiattos add: 



Bangs, Auk., xviii, 1901, 369 (Divala and David, Chiriqui; crit.). 




778 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Page 118: To citations of Bhctmphoccelus dimidiatus, in synonymy 

 of Eamphocelus diviidiatus isthmicus, add: 



(?) Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no, 399, 1899, 4 

 (Punta de Sabana, Isthmus of Panama). 



Page 119: For Eamphocehis dimidiatus limatus Bangs read Eam- 

 ■phocehcs dimidiatxis liviatus (Bangs). 



Page 120: For PhlogotkraupVs sancjuinolenta read Phlogothraupis 

 sangidnolenta. 



Page 123: In statement of range of Lanio aurantius for Oaxaca 

 read Chiapas. 



Page 132: To citations of Tachyphomis melaleucus add: 



Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Colon, 

 Isthmus of Panama). 



Page 141 : For Eucometis spodocephala stictotJiorax (Berlepsch) read 

 Eucometis spodocephala stictothorax Berlepsch, and add to the synon- 

 ymy: 



Eucomeles [sic] spodocephala slklotJiorax Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 

 1902, 66 (Boquete, 4,000 to 4,800 ft., and Bogaba, Chiriqui). 



Page 146: For Phsenicothraupus vinacea read Phaenicothrawpis 

 vinacea; for Phoenioothraupus vinacea read Phcenicothraupis vinacea^ 

 and add: 



• Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool, Club, iii, 1902, 66 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,500 

 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). 



Page 148: In statement of range of PJuBnicotlwaupis salvmi sahini 

 transfer locality Guichicovi from Oaxaca to Chiapas. 

 Page 153: To citations of PJwenicothraiqjis fuscicauda add: 



Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Myiarchuss. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Eio 

 Lara, Isthmus of Panama). 



Pfige 154: For Chlorothraiq^is olivaceus read Chlorothraupis oli- 

 vacea. 



Page 155: In references after Phoenicothraupis carmioli amend cita- 

 tion of ScLATER and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, etc., to 

 read: Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 186, 186 

 (Valley of Cosnipata, s. e. Peru; crit.). 



Page 158: For Chlorospingus albitempora read Chlorospingus 

 novicius. 



Page 162: For C. albitemporalis (in text, second line) read C. 

 novicius. 



Page 163: For Chlorospingus albitempoi'a (Lafresnaye) read Chloro- 

 spingus novicius Bangs. 



Page 164: Citations of Tachyphonus albitempora and Chlorosping'M.. 

 albitempora to be canceled; also, citations of Chlorospingus aXbit&mp- 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 779 



5m pertaining to South American localities (excepting Colombia?), 

 and add to synonymy: 



CUorospingus novicius Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 1902, 67 

 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 7,500 ft.; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs). 



Page 166: To citations of Chlorospingus jtUeatus add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club., iii, 1902, 67 ( Volcan de Chiriqui and Boquete, 

 Chiriqui, 5,000 to 11,000 ft.). 



Page 167: To citations of Chlorospingus hypophseus add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 67 (Caribbean slope of Volcan de 

 Chiriqui). 



Page 189: To synonymy of Cacicus vitellinus add: 



Caciut vitellinus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 1902, 64 (Sona^ 

 Chiriqui). 



Page 207: In first paragraph, in text, for Aglaioldes read Agelaioides^ 

 Page 209: After Molobrus pecoris, in synonymy, add: 

 CamcHspecoris Gistel, Handb. Naturg., 1850, 288, in text. 



Page 211: For Molothrus atronitens (Cabanis) read Molothrios atro- 

 nitms Cabanis. 



Page 219: For Quiscalus quiscitla asneus Ridgway read Quiscalus 

 quiscula xneus (Ridgway). 



Page 222: To citations of Quiscalus quiscula seneus add: 



MoKHELL, Auk, xvi, 1899, 252 (Cumberland Co., Nova Scotia). — Carroll, Auk, 

 xvii, 1900, 346 (Refugio Co., s. Texas, breeding). 



Page 227: To synonymy of Iloloquiscahis jama icensis add: 



\Onolm] niger (not of Boddaert, 1783) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i., 1788, 393, part 

 (based on Icterus niger Brisson, Orn., ii, 103, etc.; Jamaica). 



Page 228: To synonomy of Holoquiscalus niger add: 



{Oriolus'] niger Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, pt. i, 1788, 393 (based on Icterus niger Brisson, 

 Om., ii, 103, etc.) 



Page 253: In synonymy of genus Dives Cassin, for Lampropsar 

 dives Bonaparte read Icterus dives Lichtenstein. 

 Page 277: To citations of Icterus sjnirius add: 



Thippe, Proc. Host. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 239- (Decatur and Myiarchushaska counties, s. 

 Iowa, breeding).— Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss., N. H., i, 1886, 249 (Myiarchusssachusetts,, 

 chiefly in Connecticut Valley). 



Page 291: To citations of Icterus cucullatiis nelsoni add: 



Belding, Land Birds PacLflc Distr., 1890, 125 (San Diego, San Bernardino, and 

 Ventura counties, California, breeding) . 



Page 295: In citation of Xanthornus cA'/'ysafer Bonaparte, Consp^ 

 Av., etc., the generic name (except initial letter) should be bracketed. 




780 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Page 29Y: 



ICTERUS SCLATERI Cassin. 



Immature. — Wings dusky grayish, with white markings less sharply 

 defined than in adults, the lesser coverts dusky margined with yellow- 

 ish; tail yellowish olive, the lateral rectrices more yellowish; otherwise 

 similar to adults, but the yellow duller, that of the upper parts more or 

 less obscured by a wash of olive, especially on back and upper rump. 



Page 298: 



ICTERUS GRAYSONII Cassin. 



Immature male. — Similar to the adult female, but slightly larger. 

 Page 299: 



ICTERUS AURATUS Bonaparte. 



lirnnature. — Wings grayish duskj% with white markings as in adults, 

 but lesser coverts dusky instead of j^ellow or orange; tail yellowish 

 olive, more yellowish on lateral rectrices, more grayish on terminal 

 portion of middle rectrices; otherwise like adults, but hindneck, back, 

 scapulars, and upper rump yellowish olive instead of orange or orange- 

 yellow. 



Page 306: For St. Andrew's Oriole read St. Andi-ews Oriole. 



Page 310: To citations of Icterus 2Jarisorum add: 



Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 125 (Campo, etc., Lower California)'. 



Page 313: To citation of Icterus haltimm-e Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. 

 ZooL, iii, 1872, add p. 136 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas; crit.). 

 Page 326: To citations of AgeJaius tricolor add: 



Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 122 (breeding at San Diego, San Bernar- 

 dino, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara Valley, and Stockton, 

 Calfornia; Tehachapi, April; Oakland, winter). 



Page 328: To citations of Agelaius guhernator add: 



Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 121, part. 



Page 329: To citations of Agelaius githernator calif omiciis add: 



FisHEK (W. K.), Condor, iv, 1902, 11 (Mono Lake, California, Sept.). 



Page 340: In synonymy of Agelaius pliceniceus neutralis add to 

 citations of Agelaius phmnieeus: 



Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 120, part (Carson and Truckee Valley, 

 Nevada; Camp Harney, e. Oregon). 



To citations of Agelseus pkcmiceus add: 



Allen, Bull. Myiarchuss. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 168 (Ogden, Utah). 



Page 341: To synonymy of Agelaius phxniceus neutralis add: 



AgelaiMyiarchus guhernator Beldino, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 121, part (San Diego 

 and San Bernardino, California, resident; Fort Klamath and Camp Harney, e, Ore- 

 gan; Carson, Nevada). 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 781 



Page 342: To citations of Agelaius i)lia>niceii><, in synonj-iny of Age- 

 laiiui phanio'ii^i caim'rnts, add: 



Belding, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 120, part (British Columbia; Seattle, 

 Washington). 



Page 349: To citations of XantlioceplialuH auinthocejinalim add: 



Allen, Bull. Am. Myiarchuss. N. H., i, 1886, 249 (AVatertown, :Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec, 

 Oct. 19, 1869.; Eastham, Myiarchusssachusetts, 1 spec, Sept. 10, 1877). 



Page 353: To citations of Leistes gulanmisis add: 



Bangs, Proc New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (David, Chiriqui). 



Page 359: For Tkippe, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1872, 239 (Iowa) 

 read Tkippe, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 239 (Decatur and 

 Myiarchushaska counties, Iowa, breeding; migrant.) 



Page 365: To citation of Sturnella magna inexpectata add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 

 6,000 ft.). 



Page 368: In synonymy of Sturnella neglecta, for Sturnella hippocre- 

 pus read Sturnella liippocrepis. 

 Page 373: To citations of Doliclwnyx oryzivorxts add: 



Fisher (W. K.), Condor, iv, 1902, 11 (Mono Lake, California, Sept.). 



Page 382: To citations of Diglossa plwnxhea add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,500 to 

 7,000 ft.). 



Page 385: For C\ce,reba?\ cserulea read Cmreba cserulea. 

 Page 389: To citation of Cyanerpes cyaneus cwnieipex add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 3,000 to 

 5,000 ft.). 



Page 397: To citations of Dacnis venusta add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 68 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 

 5,000 ft.). 



Pages 403-422 : Sundevall's review of the genus Certhiola\^Carebd\ 

 has been wrongly cited, the correct citations being as follows: 



Page 403: C\erthiold\ hairdii Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621 (monogr.). C\erthiola] hahamensis Sunde- 

 vall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 624 (monogr.). 



Page 407: 0\ertMold\ luteola Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621 (monogr.). 



Page 408: 0{eTthiold\ major Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). C\ertliiolcb\ minor Sundevall, 

 Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). 



Page 410. G\efrthiold\ mexicana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622, 623 (monogr.). 




782 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Page 411: C\ertUold\ colvmUana Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. 

 Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). 



Page 413: 0\erthiola\ portoricensis Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. 

 Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 698, 622 (monogr.). 



Page 414: C\ertUold\ sti. thomse Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. 

 rorh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621 (monogr.; St. Thomas). 



Page 415: C{e)'thiola\ flaveola Sundevall, Of v. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 

 Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621, part (monogr.). (The same in synonymy of 

 CcBreha newtoni, on p. 417.) 



Page 418: C\erthiold\ dominicana ■ Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. 

 Torh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 623 (monogr.). 



Page 419: Certhiola hartholemica Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 

 Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 584 (St. Bartholomew). C[ertMola\ lartJwlemm 

 Sundevall, Of V. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). 



Page 422: Cancel citation of Sundevall, Oefv., etc., under Gerthi- 

 ■ola martinicana, and change citation after Certhiola albigula to 

 C\erthiola\ albigula Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. FOrh. Stockh., xxvi, 

 1870, 624 (monogr.). 



Page 407: To citations of Coereba luteola add: 



EoEiNsoN and Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Myiarchuss., xxiv, 1901, 176 (La Guaira, 

 Venezuela) . 



Page 410: To synonymy of Ccereba mexicana add: 

 Coerebra mexicana Chereie, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 18 (Boruca, T6r- 

 raba, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Eica). 



Page 413: To citations of Cmreha portoricensis add: 

 Peatt, Auk., xvi, 1899, 361 (nesting, etc.). 

 Page 414: 



CCEREBA FLAVEOLA (Linnaeus). 



Young. — Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, wing-coverts, tertials, 

 and upper tail-coverts plain dark olive; lower rump olive-yellow or 

 yellowish olive; a superciliary stripe, ending a short distance behind 

 eye, median line of throat, posterior portion of malar region, chest, 

 and breast dull light wax yellow, slightly tinged with olive, the 

 deeper color of chest, etc. , fading gradually into pale buffy yellow or 

 straw yellow on more posterior underparts, the under tail-coverts pale 

 crean? -yellow or cream color; lores, auricular region, chin, sides of 

 throat, and anterior portion of malar region dusky olive; remiges and 

 rectrices essentially as in adults. 



Page 414: To synonymy of Cwreba Jlaveola add: 



Nedariniaflaveola Swainson, Birds w. Africa, ii, 1838, 145. 



Page 421: To citation of Coereba uropygialis Beelepsch, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., etc., add: , 85 (in text). 



Page 423: To synonymy of Qenus Glossiptila Sclater add Olossffp- 

 tila (emendation?) Newton (A. and E.) Handb. Jamaica, 1881, lOi 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 783 



Page 425: Foy G\lossiptild\ rw/coZZ?*' Newton, etc., read G[lossop- 

 tila] rufioolUs Newton, etc. 



Page 435: To citations of Mniotilta varia add: 



Bland, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1859 (I860), 287 (Bermudas).— MyiarchusIl- 

 WRAiTH, Birds Ontario, 1894, 353 (s. Ontario, breeding).— Daniel, Auk, xix, 1902, 

 17 (Dismal Swamp, Virginia, breeding). 



Page 437: To winter range of Ilelinaia swainsonit add, after Jamaica: 

 eastern Mexico (near city of Vera Cruz). 

 Page 438: To citations of Helinaia swcdnsoni add: 

 Salvin and Goodman, Ibis, 1889, 236 (Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz). 

 Page 444: To citations of Protonotaria citrea add: 



Bdtleb, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1891, 165 (breeding in Elkliart, Lagrange, Steuben, 

 and Dekalb counties, n. Indiana, and St. Joseph Co., s. Myiarchuschigan). 



Page 462: For SyVoia tenenmm read 8\ylviob\ tenensssei. 

 Page 465: To citations of Hehnintlwpliila celata add: 



DuRY and Kellogg, Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1891, 43 (near Cincinnati, Ohio, 

 Sept. 20). 



Page 468: In statement of geographic range of Helminthojjhila 

 celata sordida, after last word, within parentheses, add: and San 

 Gabriel, Los Angeles County, October 5. 



Page 477: To citations of Oreotldijjns gutturalis add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 7,000 to 

 10,300ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). 



Page 483: To doubtful citations of Sylvicola americana add: 

 Bland, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1859 (1860), 287 (Bermuda). 



Page 484: From doubtful citations of Gompsothlypis americana 

 remove last two references and transfer to page 483, after Beewster, 

 Auk, xiii, etc. These were accidentally put in wrong place. 



Page 486: The range of Oompsothlypis amiericana ramalinx was 

 accidentally omitted. It is as follows: Myiarchusssissippi Valley and district 

 of the upper Great Lakes; breeding from Louisiana and Texas to 

 Myiarchuschigan, Wisconsin, and Myiarchusnnesota; occasional west to eastern Colo- 

 rado (El Paso County) ; in winter southward through eastern Mexico 

 and Central America to Nicaragua (Rio Escondido). 



Page 488: To citation of Compsothlyjns pitlayumi spedosa add: 



Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 3,000 to 

 4,500 ft.). 



Page 522: To citation after Dendroica aureola of Ridgway, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., etc., add: xix, 1897, 493 (monogr.). 



Page 530: After Dendrmca hryanti Sharpb, etc., add: 

 Salvin and GoDMAN, Ibis, 1889, 237 (Tampico, Tamaulipas). 




784 BTJLLETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Page 539: To citations of Deiulvoleio tigr' <a add: 



Howe, Contr. N. Am. Orn., ii, 1902, 19 (Mount Killington, Vermont, breeding). 



Page 543: Cancel the following citations under Dendroeca ccmadensig 

 and transfer them to Wilsonui caiKcdt-/if!/'n {p. 718): Taczanowski, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 1879, 223 (Tambillo, u. 

 Peru). 



Page 549: For Jfn/otdta raria Reinhardt, etc., read MmoHItu nir- 

 onata Reinhardt, etc. 



Page 550: To citations of Dendroiai coronaia add: 



Howe, Contr. X. Ajii. Orn., ii, 1902, 20 (Mount Myiarchusnsfield, Vermont, breeding). :' 



Page 550: For Dendroica coronattis Gundlach, etc., read \(BU' 

 mavqiJivs) Bendroiccc] coronatun, etc. (The same form to be substituted 

 wherever "Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326" is cited for any 

 species of this genus.) 



Page 561: For Dendrloca toirnseiidl read Dendroica tovmsendi. 



Page 562: For {^Dendnijca\ townse)idi Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d 

 ed., etc., read I)[endra'ca\, etc. 



Page 562: To synonymjr of Dendroica toionsendl add: 



(?) f^ijlnn montuna (not of Wilson) Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 294, part, pi. 



■4.34, fig. 3 (California). 

 (?) Sylmcola montana Audubon,. Synopsis, 1839, 62, part (California); Birde Am., 



Oct. ed., ii, 1841, 69, part, pi. 98 (California). 

 (?) [Sylvicola] monlana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308, part. 

 (?) Mlniotilki] montana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 169, part. 

 (?) [J/(ao((7««] mimtana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3490, part. 

 (?) Dendroica monlana Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 190, part.— Baird, 



Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. X. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 271, part, pi. 14, fig. 3.' 

 (?) Dendroica montana Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 237, footnote, part.— Shaepe, 



Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 265, footnote, excl. synonymy, part. 



Page 565: To synonymy of Dendroica virens add: ' 



(?) Sylvia montana Wilson, Am. Orn., v, 1812, 113, pi. 44, fig. 2 (Blue Moun- 

 tains of Pennsylvania).— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 736.- 

 Vieillot, Ene. Meth., ii, 1823, 451.— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phik, 

 iv, 1823, 451.— AiDUEON, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 294, part (not pi. 434, fig. 3). 



(?) S[_ylvki'\ montana Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 82 (crit.). 



(?) Sylmcola montuna Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., ii, 1832, 202.— Ai'DCBON, 

 Synopsis, 1839, 62, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 69 (not pi. 98).- 

 NUTTALL, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 442, part. 



(?) [Syhicokil montana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308, part. 



(?) Myiarchusniotilia'] montana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 169, part. 



(?) [i1/?jio()7(a,] montana C^ray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3490, part. 



(?) Dendroica montana Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 278; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 199; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 190, part.— Baird, Bkewek, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 271, part (not pi. 14, fig. 3').-., 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 356 ( " Hypothetiqal'i 

 List," no. 24). v 



' Copied from Audubon. 



'From Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, pi. 98 = Z>. tovmmdil. 




BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 785 



(?) Dendroeca moniana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forli., Stockholm, xxvi., 



1870, 613. 

 (?) Dendroeca montana Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 237, footnote, part.— Myiarchus y- 



NAKD, Birds E. U. S., 1882, 521.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no.' 



112.— 8HARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Myiarchuss., x, 1885, 265, footnote. 

 (?) Sylim tigrina (not Motacilla tigrina Gmelin) Nu'itall, Myiarchusn. Orn. U. S. and 



Can.,i, 1832, 393. 

 (?) Sylvicola tigrina Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. 



Page 571: For Sylvia CBarlea read Sylvia cmrulea. 



Page 594: In citations of Dendroeca castanea cancel Lawrence, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Myiarchuss., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec city, Oct.), and 

 transfer to synonymy Z>. st/riata on p. 598. 



Page 598: To synonymy of Dendroica striata add: 



Dendraca castanea (not Sylvia castanea Wilson) Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mns., 

 no. 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec City, Oct.). 



Page 602: To synonymj' of Dendroica vicjorsii vigoi'sii add: 



Dendroeca vigorsli Howe, Contr. N. Am. Orn., ii, 1902, 20 (Townshend, etc., Ver- 

 mont, breeding). 



Pages 642, 643: To breeding range of Seiurus noveboracensis nove- 

 Iwacensls add: Warren, Crawford, Clinton, and Erie counties, Penn- 

 sylvania, and Garrett County, Myiarchusryland. 

 Page 703: To the synonym j' of Wilso?ua add: 

 Uyiidioctes (emendation) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299, 358. 



Page 710: Description of the immature plumage of Wilso7iia jjusilla 

 fnisilla was accidentallj'^ omitted. This plumage differs from the adult 

 as follows: 



Immature: Similar to adults, but no black on crown; pileum plain 

 olive-green, concolor with back, etc., becoming more yellowish (some- 

 time.s decidedly, but never purely, j^ellow) on forehead, the lores and 

 superciliary region yellow. 



The corresponding plumage of the other subspecies of course differs 

 from that of the adults in the same manner. 



Page 733: In last citation in synonymy of Myiohorus miniatus mini- 

 atiis, for Mmcicapa derhamii read Myiarchusscicapa de-rhamii. 



NOTE. 



Throughout Part I of the present work and the greater part of Part 

 II an error has been made in the spelling of the locality "Lometa" 

 in citations of "Sennbtt, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., v, 1879." 

 The name should be spelled Lomita, the locality being Lomita Eanch, 

 "situated on the Rio Grande, 7 miles above Hidalgo and 65 miles 

 from Brownsville." Lometa is a post-office town in Lampasas County, 

 in the central portion of the State. 

 3654— VOL 2—01 50 





I N I) E X 



[The black-faced letters indicate generic or wpeoifie headings.] 



A. Page. 



AbacoPine Warbler 603 



Spindalis .■ 72 



abacoensis.Dendroicavigor.'iii ... 498, .500, 601,603 



abba-s, Tanagra 55, 60, 62, 776 



Abbot Tanager 60 



abeillaei, Icterus •. 319 



abeillei, Hyphantes 319 



Icterus 261,262,318,819 



Xanthornus 319 



Abeille's Oriole 318 



abeillii, Icterus 319 



Pendulinus 319 



Abrornis atricaplUa 711 



Acaiithorhynchus 376 



Accentor auricapillus 638 



achrustera, Deudroica vigorsii -198, 



506,507,601,602,603 



AtTocompsa 4 



callophrys 8 



cyanodorsalis 7 



occipitalis 6 



Acroleptes 8 



atBnis 23 



fulvicris-sus 19 



gracilis 20 



humilis 24 



luteicapillus 21 



adelaidse, Dendrceca 588 



Dendroica 497, 498, 505, 587, 588 



Dendroiea graciae, var 588 



Sylvicola 588 



Adelaide's Warbler 587 



senea, Quiscalus versicolor, subspecies 222 



aeneus, Agelaius 203, 204 



Callothrus 204,205 



seneus 201,203 



Molothorus 202, 203,204 



Psaroeolius 200, 202, 204, 205 



Quiscalus 221 



purpureus 221 



var 221 



quiscula ... 214,215,219,221,779 



versicolor 221 



versicolor, var 221 



aquatorialis, Dendroeca petechia, h 523 



Quiscalus 253 



Scolecophagus 253 



squinoctiali.i, Geothlypis 653, 657, 690 



Motacilla 690 



Sylvia 625 



Page. 



sestiva, Dendroeca 511, 513, 515, 520 



Dendroica 498, 499, 513, 514, 532 



sestiva 499, 508 



Mniotilta 510 



Motacilla 510, 513, 514, 616, 518, 521 



aestiva, Phoenicosoma 83 



Phoenisoma 83 



Be.stiva, Pyranga 81, 83 



aestiva, var 83 



Sylvia 510,521 



Sylvicola 510,518,516,518 



Tanagra 81,83 



aestivum, Phoenicosoma 83 



sestivus, Rhimamphus 510, 521 



Rhimanphus 510 



afUnis, Acroleptes 23 



Cassicu.s 186 



Euphona 28 



Euphonia 10,11,21,23,26 



Phoenicothraupis rubica 142,147 



rubicoides 147 



Phonasca 28 



Ramphocelus 119 



Tanagra (Euphonia) 23,26 



Agjelaius phc eniceus var. gubernator 341 



Agelaens 319 



phoeniceus 835, 340 



Agelseiis 319 



assimilis 343 



chrysopterus 344 



gubernator '. 328, 330, 339, 341 



humeralis 343 



nigerrimus 846 



perspicillatus 350 



phoeniceus 329,832, 388, 385, 



336, 337, 338, 340, 841, 342, 780 



a. phoeniceus 341 



b. assimilis 348 



c. gubernator 828 



d. tricolor 826 



o. phoeniceus 341 



p. gubernator 328, 341 



gubernator 328, 841 



var. gubernator 828 



var. tricolor 326 



tricolor 326,339 



Agelaii 174 



Agelaioides 205,207,779 



Agelaius 175,319,821 



ffiueus 203,204 



787 




788 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Agelaius assimiles 342 



assimilis 320, 323, 342, 343 



badius 205 



bnllo.ckii 316 



chrysopterus 344 



cyanopus 320, 321 



forbesi 320 



frontalis 319 



gubernator 322, 328, 330, 338, 341, 780 



californicws 322, 



323, 326, 329, 780 



grandis 322,323,329,330 



gubernator.... 322,323,326 



hnmeralis 320,323,343 



icterocephalus 349 



im thurmi 321 



longirostris 264,338 



militaris 363 



niger 228 



nigerrimus 346 



phoeniceus 330,332,333, 



336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 780, 781 

 bryanti.. 323,324,333,334,337 



caurinus 323, 



324,341,342,781 

 floridanus . . 323, 324, 333, 334 

 fortis ... 322, 324, 337, 338, 339 



graudis 330 



gubernator 328 



longirostris 338, 341 



neutralis 323, 



324, 339, 341, 780 



phoeniceus 322, 



324,330,331,334 

 ricbmondi.. 323,324,335,337 

 sonoriensis. 322,324,337,342 



var. assimilis 343 



var. gubernator. 328,330,341 



var. phoeniceus 332 



phcenicius 330 



pyrrhopterus 255 



ngelain^, Quiscalus purpureus, var 218 



ruficapillus 821 



thilius 321 



tricolor 322, 323, 324, 326, 780 



xanthocephalus 349 



xanthomus 320,323,344 



xanthornus 302 



Agelastiens 319, 321 



Agelaus longipes 350 



pecorls 209,211 



phoeniceus 329 



Agellaus xanthrocephalus 349 



agilis, Geothlypis . . .' 627, 628, 666 



Oporornis 621, 622, «2o, 627, 631 



Seiurus 627 



Sylvia 626 



Sylvicola 627 



Trichas 626 



aglaeus, Quiscalus 218 



purpureus 218 



var 218 



quiscula... 214,215,217,218,219 



versicolor 219 



Aglaia , 54 



cucullata 63 64 



Page. 



Aglaia cyanocephala 55 



f an ny 49, 60 



gyrola 44 



gyroloides 45 



peruviana 44 



Agrilorhinus 378 



olivaceus ggi 



personatus 375 



sittaceus 378, 381 



agripennis, Dolichonyx 374 



Icterus . . .'. 374 



Alaskan Yellow Warbler oH 



Alauda magna 353,359,361,362,364 



alaudarius, Cacicus 359 



albemarlei, Certhidea 754 



albicolis, Sylvia 515 



albicollis, Dendroica 621 



Motaoilla 616,521 



Sylvia 516 



albifrons, Chlorospingus 168, 162, 163 



Myiobonis 731 



albigula, Certbiola 422,782 



albilora, Dendroeca dominica, b 683 



var 683 



Dendroica dominica S05, 



581,582,583,584 



var 583 



albinucba, Dolichonyx oryzivorus 374 



var 374 



albinuchus, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, p 374 



albirostris, Cacicus 188 



Cassicus 186,187 



Tanagra 131 



albispecularis, Tachyphonus 134 



albitempora, Chlorospingus 158,163,164,778 



Tachypbonns 161,164,778 



albitemporalis, Chlorospingus 161,164,165,778 



Pipilopsis 161 



Alta Myiarchusra Oriole 286 



Yellow-tbroat 6S0 



alticola, Sturnella magna 363 



ambigua, Fringilla 210 



Amblycercus 170,172,173,192 



holosericeus 198,194,195 



nigerrimus 195 



prevosti 19^ 



prevostii 195 



soli tarius 193 



Amblyrhamphus prevostii 195 



American Hedge Sparrow ® 



Orioles IM 



Redstart '24 



Starlings 1*' 



americana, Chloris 483,486 



Compsothlvpsis 479,483, 



484,485,486,648,783 



americana 479, 



480,481,485 



Mniotilta 483,486,486 



Motacilla * 



Parula 482,483,486,486 



Parus * 



Sylvia 482,483,485,486 



Sylvicola 482,483,486,486,583 



amcricanns. Icterus .' "f 



Oriolus ^"'^ 




INDEX. 



789 



Page. 



nmericnnus, Parns 478 



amieta, Cardellina 719, 721 



Setophaga 721 



Ampelis luteus ..•. 695 



Anabates fernandinae 648, 649 



Myiarchusalis, Dacnis [ Ateleodacnis] 397 



Aneylorliinus 378 



Andriopsar 265 



Andros Yellow-throat. «; 7 



angelica, Dacnis 390 



anna8, Euphonia 18 



anneae, Euphonia 10, 11, 17, 18 



Ant Tanagcr, Dusky-tailed 152 



Island 152 



Mexican 144 



Nelson's 1 45 



Niearaguan 150 



Oaxaca 147 



Rosy 147 



Salvin's 148 



Tabasco 1 49 



Vinaceous-throated 146 



Yucatan 151 



anthoides, Cnrruca 645 



Sylvia 645 



Anthus breviungilis 598 



coronatus 638 



herminieri 645 



I'herminieri 645 



Aporophantes 265 



aqnaticus, Seiurus 645, 647 



Turdus 645 



aquatius, Turdus 645 



Arbelorhina 384, 398 



brevlpes 389 



brevirostris 385 



CEerulea microrhyncha 386 



coerulea 385 



cyanea 388 



eximia 389 



eximia 389 



longii'ostristris 386 



lucida 390 



nitida 386 



arcsDi, Buthraupis 32, S3, 775 



Calospiza flotida 36, 40, 776 



Arce's Emerald Tanager 40 



Tanager 33 



archepiscopus, Tanagra 54 



Archiplanus 186, 187 



ardens, Phoenicosoma 101 



Piranga 76 



arg\nula, Sturnella magna 355, 356, 360, 361 



arizela, Geothlypis trichas 655, 



656,658,660,670,672 



annenti, Callothma 201 



Molothrus 201 



Arremon ophthalmicus 157, 159, 161 



palmaium 127 



ills, Agelseus 343 



phoeniceus, b 343 



Agelaius 320,323,342,343 



phoeniceus, var 343 



Oallothrus seneus 201, 204, 205 



Megaquiscalus major 237 



Quiscalus 236,237,241 



Page. 



assimilis, Scaphidnrus major 237 



Ateleodacnis 375, 376, 377, 391, 426 



Ateleopsar 255 



ater, Cassicus 199 



Cassidix 199 



Molothrus 207, 208, 209 



ater 207 



Oriolus 205, 208 



Pendulinus 248 



Quiscalus 228 



Turdus 278 



aterrimum, Dicseum 423 



Atllxco Red-wing 329 



ntrata, Certhiola 423 



Co3reba 401,422,423 



atricapilla, Abrornis 711 



Chlorophanes 384 



Coereba 382, 384 



Dendrceca 598 



Tanagra 122 



atriceps, Chlorospingns 160 



atrocEeruIea, Procnopis 2 



atronitens, Molothrus 206,207,211,212 



atro-nitens, Molothrus 212 



atroviolacea, Ptiloxena 252,253 



atroviolaceus, Dives 253 



Quiscalus 251, 253 



Scaphidnrus 253 



Scolecophagus 253 



auduboni, Dendrceca 654 



Dendroica 603, 563, 554, 655 



auduboni 551 



coronata, var 555 



Icterus melanocephalus 282 



var 282 



Mniotilta 553 



Sylvia 653 



Sylvioola 563 



audubonii, Dendroeca 565 



Dendroica 554 



Icterus 281,282 



melanocephalus 258, 



261,262,282 



Sylvia 563 



Sylvicola 553 



audubonis, Dendroica 555 



Audubon's Oriole 282 



Warbler 551 



aurantia, Mniotilta 576 



Motacilla 576 



aurantiaca, Setophaga 731 



aurantiacus, Myioborus 731, 733 



aurantius, Lanio 122,123,124,778 



auratus. Icterus 260, 261, 299, 300, 302, 780 



aureocapillus, Seiurus 638 



aureola, Dendrceca 522, 523 



Dendroica 622,523,783 



petechia 501,521 



Sylvicola..... 522 



auricapilla, Dendroica 517 



petechia 500,517,620 



Enicocicbla 638 



Henicocichla 638 



Motacilla 634, 637 



Setophaga 738 



Siurus.; 638 




790 



INDEX. 



Page. 



auricapilla, Sylvia 637 



auricapillus, Accentor 638 



Icterus 255 



Siurus 638 



Turdus 638 



auricollis, Icteria 695 



Mniotil ta "... - 445 



Motacilla 445 



Paarocolius 318 



Sylvia 445 



Sylvicola 445 



Tanagra 696 



auricularis, Basileuterus 740 



auritus, Lanio 104 



auroeapillus, Basileuterus 740 



Enicocichla 638 



Sciurus 638 



Seiurus 427, 634, CSo, 637, 638 



Siurus 638 



Turdus 637 



Aurora Warbler 531 



aurulenta, Galospiza 36 



Tanagra ( Aglaia) 34 



autumnalis, Sylvia 595 



axillaris, Chlorospingus 135 



Tachyphonus 130, 133, 134, 135 



azarse, Pyranga 86 



azurea, Hypothimis 573 



Sylvia 573 



B. 



bachmani, Helminthophaga 459 



Helmjnthophila. . 446, 448, 458, 459, 460 



Helmitheroa 459 



Mniotil ta 459 



Sylvia 459 



Sylvicola 459 



Vermivora 459 



bachmanii, Helinaia 459 



Helminthophila 460 



Bachmau's Warbler 468 



badius, Agelaius 205 



Molothrus 205,206,207 



Bahama Bananaquit 401 



Finch 72 



Red-wing 334 



Warbler 606 



Yellow Warbler 517 



babamensis, Certhia 403 



Certhiola 403,781 



Coereba 399,401,403 



Dendroica pityophila. . . 507, 606, 607 



Friugilla 72 



bairdii, Certhiola 403, 781 



Geothlypis 683 



semiflava 660,661,662 



Icterus 260,305 



Baird's Oriole 305 



Yellow-throat 082 



baltimore, Hyphantes 314 



Icterus 313,314,780 



Oriolus : 255,313 



Psarocolius 314 



Yoterus 314 



Yphantes 314 



Baltimore Oriole 310 



Page. 



baltimorensis, Hyphantes jy 



Yphantes 314 



banana, Pendulinus 280 



Banana Warbler 412 



Bananaquit, Bahama 401 



Barbados 42Q 



Black 422 



Cozumel 404 



Curasao 420 



Dominican 417 



Haitian 411 



Jamaican 414 



Myiarchusrtinique 421 



Mexican 409 



Old Providence 405 



Porto Rican 412 



St. Bartholomew 419 



St. Croix 41J 



St. Vincent 415 



San Myiarchusguel 408 



Sharpe's 404 



Tobago 406 



Wells' 423 



bananivora, Certhiola 412 



Coereba. ..^ 399,401 



Motacilla 412 



Bananivorus 255 



rufigaster 280 



barbadensis, Certhiola 420 



Coereba 400,401,420 



Dendroeca petechia, c 626 



Barbados Bananaquit 420 



Graclile ; 229 



Yellow Warbler 620 



barita, Cassidix 199 



Gracula 216,218,222,226,227,229,237 



Scaphidura 199 



baritula, Diglossa 378,380,381 



baritus, Chalcophanes 226 



Quiscalus 218, 226, 227, 229, 237 



baritus, var 227 



Barrington Island Certhidea !68 



harthelemica, Dendroeca petechia, ^fjrps.. 520 



bartholemica, Certhiola 417,419,782 



Coereba 419 



Dendroica petechia 500,518 



petechia, a 520 



bartolemica, Certhia 417,418,419 



Certhiola 417,419 



Coereba 400,418,419 



Bar-winged Oriole 265 



barytus, Quiscalus 226 



Basileuterus 431,731,736,738 



auricularis 740 



auroeapillus '* 



belli 740,741,744,745 



belli 741,748 



clams 741,7*0 



scitulus 741,744,745 



bellil 744 



blvittatus 763 



melanotis 753 



bolivianus 740 



brasher! 768 



brasieri -. 766 



brunneiceps 761 




INDEX. 



791 



Page. 



Basilculerus chryeophrys 744 



cmereicoUis 740 



cuUcivora 754 



culiciTOrus 740,742,754,755,756 



brasherii 742,755 



eulieivorus 742, 75i{ 



flavescens 742,755 



godmanl 742,750 



delatrii 749, 750 



delattrei 750 



delattrii 746,748,749,750,751 



mesochrysus 751 



euophrys 740 



flavigaster 748 



fraseri 740 



godmani. . . : 756 



godmanni 756 



griseiceps 740 



lachymosa 737 



leiicoblephanis 740 



leueophrys 740 



leucopygiua 740, 757, 758 



veraguensis 757 



melan. geuys 740, 742, 751, 752 



melanotis 742, 752, 753 



mesochrysus 750, 751 



mesoleucus 740 



ruber 760 



rubrifrons 721 



ruflfrons .-. . . 739, 740, 741, 746, 747, 748 



caudatus 741,748 



delattrii 742,749 



dugesi 741,742,747,748 



flavigaster 742,748 



jouyi 741,746,747,748' 



mesochrysus 742,750 



ruflfrons 741,742,745 



saivini 742,749 



semicerviiius 740, 742, 757 



leucopygius . . . 742, 



757,758 



veraguensis . 742, 756 



stragulatus 740 



uropygialis 740, 757, 768 



veraguensis 740, 757 



Bay-breasted Warbler 592 



Beautiful Parula Warbler 491 



becki, Certhidea 763,767 



olivacea 767 



beldingi, Geothlypls G56, 659, 661, 679, 680 



Belding's yellow-throat 679 



Belize Tanager 87 



belli, Basileuterus 740, 741 , 744, 745 



belli 741,743 



Myiarchusscicapa 743 



Setophaga 743 



bellii, Basileuterus 744 



Setophaga 744 



Bell's Warbler 742 



Belted Warbler 551 



benedicti. Spindalis 63, 64, 72, 74 



bicolor, Dacnis 394 



Neetarinia 394 



Sylvia 394 



Bieolored Blackbird 326 



bidentata, Phoenicosoma 97 



Page. 



bidentata, Piranga 76, 78, 97 



bidentata 78,95 



Pryanga ;.. 95,96,97 



bideutatum, Phoenicosoma 98 



bifasciata, Certhidea 763, 708 



cinerascens 768 



Ostinops 181 



Sylvia 573 



bifasciatus, Cassicus 181 



bilineatus, Spindalis 62, 65 



bishopi, Catharopeza 020 



Leucopeza 019, 620 



Bishop's Warbler 620 



bivittata, Myiarchusscicapa 753 



Phoenicosoma 101 



Pyranga 101 



bivittatus, Basileuterus 753 



Blackand White Warbler .... ' 432 



Yellow Creeper 414 



Tanager 106 



-backed Spindalis 70 



Bananaquit 422 



Blackbird, Bieolored 326 



Brewer's 248 



Cayenne Red-breasted 351 



D'Orbigny's 252 



Osburn's 345 



Ked- winged 330 



Rusty 246 



Sumichrast's .254 



Tawny-shouldered 343 



Trieolored 324 



Yellow-headed 347 



Yellow-shouldered 344 



blackburni, Sylvia 578 



blackburnife, Dendroeca 577, 578 



Dendroica 604, 505, 532, 574, 577 



Mniotilta 576 



Motacilla 576 



Rhimamphus 676 



Sylvia 576 



Sylvicola 576 



Blackburnian Warbler 574 



Black-cheeked Warbler 751 



-eared Warbler 752 



-fronted Warbler 555 



-headed Oriole 280 



Oropendola 182 



-poll Warbler 595 



-rumped Shrike-Tanager 125 



-throated Blue Warbler 541 



-throated Gray Warbler 566 



-throated Green Warbler 562 



-winged Tanager 58 



blanda, Helmitherus 649 



Blue Flycatcher 543 



■gray Warbler 543 



-headed Warbler 394 



Honey Creeper 386 



-hooded Euphonia 12 



Myiarchusnakin 393 



-rumped Green Tanager 43 



Tanager 55 



-throated Creeper 389 



Warbler, Black-throated 541 



-winged Warbler 455 




792 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Boat-tail, Colima 241 



Boat-tailod Crackle 236 



Grayson's 241 



Sonoran 242 



Bobolink S70 



Boddaert's Tanager I"*' 



Bogota Grackle 236 



bolivianus, Basileuterus '40 



bonana, Icterus 258,279,280 



Oriolus 255,279 



Pendulinus 280 



Psarocolius 280 



Xanthornus 280 



bonanse, Icterus 280 



Bonaparte's Euphonia 25 



Tanager 1 1» 



bonapartii, Myiarchusscicapa 719 



Myiodioctes 719 



Setophaga 719 



Sylvania 719 



Wilsonia 719 



bonarieusis, Icterus 203 



Molothrus 206,212 



Tanagra 54, 55, 203, 205, 212 



borealis, Mniotilta 435 



varia 436,436 



b 436 



boucardi, Granatellua sallsei 699,703 



Boucard' s Red-breasted Chat 703 



brachidactyla, Geothlypis trichas 655, 



658, 660, 664, 666 



brachidactylus, Trichas 666 



brachypterus, Chalcophanes 229 



Holoquisealus 224, 



225, 228, 229 



Qniscalus 229 



baritus, var 229 



brasheri, Basileuterus 765 



brasherii, Basileuterus eulieivors 742,755 



Brasher's Warbler 755 



brasieri, Basileuterus 765 



Myiarchusscicapa 755 



brasierii, Myiarchusscicapa 765 



brasilia, Tanagra 107 



brasiliana, Parula 487, 489 



Sylvia 489 



brasiliensis, Tanagra 36 



brelayi, Uncirostrum 381 



brevipea, Arbelorhina 389 



Coereba 389 



Cyauerpes cyaneus 387i 389 



brevirostris, Arbelorhina 385 



Coereba 385 



breviunguis, Anthus 598 



breweri, Quiscalus 251 



Brewer's Blackbird 248 



Brewster's Warbler 453 



Brick-red Tanager 86 



Broad-banded Tanager 101 



Bronzed Cowbird 203 



Lesser 204 



Grackle 219 



Brown-headed Chlorospingus 160 



Oriole 209,'248 



brnuneiceps, Basileuterus 751 



Myioborus 731 



brnuneiceps, Setophaga 751 



brunneus, Chlorospingus 137 



Turdua 247 



bryanti, Agelaiuaphoeniceus 323, 



324,333,334,335,337 



Dendroeca 530,531,783 



vieilloti 530 



Dendroica 501, 530 



bryanti 501,529 



vieilloti, » 530 



var 530 



vieillotii, var 530 



Bryant's Yellow- throat 674 



Warbler 529 



Buft-rumped Warbler 7.56 



buUockii, Agelaius 316 



Hyphantes 317 



Icterus .... 261, 262, 263, 314, 316, 317, 318 



Icterus (Hyphantes) 317 



Xanthornus 289,316 



Yphantes 289,317 



Bullock's Oriole 314 



Bn th raupis 2, 32 



arcffii 32,33,776 



raeruleigularis 32, 33, 34, 776 



chloronota 33 



cucullata 33 



edwardsi 33 



eximla 32,33 



montana 33 



C. 



Cabanis' Euphonia 19 



Tanager 42 



cabanisi, Calliste 43 



Calosplza 36i43,775 



eaboti , Certhiola 404 



Coereba 399,404 



Cacici 170,173 



Cacicus 169,171,172,173,186 



alaudarlus 359 



alblrostrls 188 



chrysonotus 187, 188 



flavicrlssus 187 



holosericeua 194 



leucorhamphus 187, 188 



melanicterus IS'^ 



microrhynchus 188, 189, 190 



montezuma 178, 181 



moutezumae 1^1 



persicus -. ^'^ 



vitellinus 187,188,779 



wagleri 175,177 



Cacique ^^ 



T^awrence's '^^ 



Mexican '" 



Prevost's '^* 



Small-billed '8' 



f Caciques ^^ 



Caereba cserulea ^^^ 



CBerulea, Coereba '^^ 



Certhia ^ 



Ccereba 385,781 



Ocndrreca 572,573 



Dendroica 571,572 



Myiarchusiotilla 5'^ 




INDEX. 



793 



Page. 



cserulea, Sylvia 786 



Sylvicola 571 



eaerulea, Coereba 394 



Neorais 423,425 



cteruleiguiaris, Buthraupis 32, 83, 34, 775 



eseruleocephala, Euphonia 14 



cffiruleseens, Chlorophanes 384 



Dacnis 384 



Dendroeea 544 



Dendroiea 502,544,546 



ciErulescens. 502,541,546 



Diglossopis 379 



Mniotilta 544 



Motacilla 543 



Myiodioctes 719 



Sylvia 543,544 



Cieruleus, Cyanerpes 385 



Rhimamphus 571 



cserullocephala, Nectarinia 394 



Cairus' Warbler 545 



cairnai, Dendrceca CEeruleseeus 546 



Dendroiea caBrulescens 502, 545, 646 



Calaveras Warbler 470 



californicus, Agelaius gnbernator 322, 



323,326,329,780 



Pendulinus 297 



calliparaea, Gallospiza 2 



Callispiza (Chrysothraupis) franlzii 39 



franciscse 51 



guttata 42 



gyroloides 45 



icterocephala 39 



sclateri 43 



Callista 34 



Calliste 34,35,36 



cabanisi 43 



chrysophrys 42 



eucullata 53, 54 



cyanoventris 44 



diaconus 57 



dowi 775 



dowii 47 



fanny 50 



florida 39, 40 



franeescae 51 



franciscEe 50 



frantzii 39 



guttata 42,775 



guttulata 42 



gyrola, var. a, gyroloides 45 



gyroloides 45 



icterocephala 38 



inornata 62 



larvata 49, 61 



francesea; 61 



typica 49 



var. fanny 49, 50 



lavinia 47, 49 



laviniae 47, 49 



ornata 62 



punctata, var. o. guttata 42 



sclateri 43 



versicolor ,63, 64 



callophrya, Acrocompsa 8 



Chlorophonia 5,7,8,775 



Triglyphidia 4,8 



Page. 



Onllospiza 34 



callipareea 2 



gyrola 44 



Callothriis 170, 172, 174, 197, 200 



seneus 204, 206 



seneus 201,203 



assimilis 201, 204, 205 



armenti 201 



robustus 201 , 203 



calophrys, Chlorophonia 8 



Calospiza 2, 3, 34 



aurulenta 36 



cabanisi 36, 42, 775 



eucullata 37, 52 



dowi 36, 46 



florida 36 



arcsei 36,40,775 



florida 36,80 



guttata 41, 42 



chrysophrys 36, 40 



gyroloides 36, 43, 45 



icterocephala 36, 37 



inornata 35, 37, 51, 52 



1 arvata . . . ; 37 



fanny 37,49,50 



larvata 37, 47 



lavinia 36, 46, 776 



schranki ,S6 



versicolor 37, 53 



Calyptophilus 1 



campestris, Glossoptila 425 



Motacilla 425 



Campylops 378 



hamulus 368 



cana, Tanagra 55, 56, 57, 776 



Thraupis 57 



canadensis, Dendroeea 543, 718, 784 



Dendroiea 543 



Euthlypis 718 



Motacilla 510, 551, 638 



Myiarchusscicapa 717 



Myiodioctes 717, 718 



Setophaga 717 



Sylvania 718 



Wilsonia 705, 71«, 718, 784 



Canadian Warbler 716 



canicapilla, Tanagra 681 



canigularis, Chlorospingus 166 



Tachyphonus 166 



caninucha, Chamaethlypis CS7, 689 



Geothlypis 690 



poliocephala, var 690 



Cape Myiarchusy Warbler 537 



capeusis, Oriolus 278 



capitalis, Dendrceca 526 



Dendroiea 499, 526 



ruficapilla 501,526 



Mniotilta 526 



carbonaria, Diglossa 379 



carbonarium, Serrirostrum : ... 378 



carbonata, Dendroeea 541 



(Perissoglossa?) 541 



Dendroiea 540, 641 



Helinaia 641 



Helrainthophaga (?) 641 



Helmitheroa 541 




794 



INDEX. 



Page. 



carboimta, Mniotilta 541 



Periasogloasa 541 



Sylvia 541 



Sylvicola 541 



Vermivora 541 



Carbonated Warbler 540 



Cardellina 428,430,719 



amicta .■-.-. 719,721 



(Ergaticus) rubra 760 



rubra 7fi0 



rubrifrons 720, 721 



versicolor 761 



carmioli, Chlorothraupis 154, 155 



Pbgenicothraupis 155 



Phoenicothraupis 778 



Carmiol's Chlorospingus 163 



Tanager 155 



carneipes, Ccereba 389 



oyanea, var 389 



Cyanerpes Cferuleus 781 



cyaneus 389 



carolinensiH, Mniotilta 512 



Motacilla 512 



Sylvia 512 



carolinus. Scolecophagus 245,240,247,251 



Turdns 244, 247 



Caryothraustes 1 



CassiculoidoH 255 



Cassioulus 172, 173, li»0 



c;hrysonotns 189 



eoronatus 192 



tlavicrissus 189 



icteronotus 189 



melanicterus 191,192 



microrhynchus 190 



prevosti 195 



uropygialia 190 



Cassieus 186 



aftinis 186 



albirostris 186, 187 



ater 199 



bifasciatiis 181 



citreus 185 



cristatus 185 



flavicrissus 189 



guatimozinus 182, 183 



holosericeus 195 



icteronotus 189 



melanicterus : 192 



microrhynchus 190 



monteznma! 181 



nigerrimtis' 192,195 



pecoris 779 



persicus •. 189 



prevosti 195 



solitarius 192 



uropygialis 190 



vitellinus 1 89 



waglcri 177,178 



Cassidices 173 



Cassidix ; 170,172,173,190 



ater 199 



barila 199 



crasRiroitris 200 



mexicauus 200 



oryzivora 197,198,199,200 



I'age. 



Cassidix oryzivora mexicana 197, 199,200 



oryzivora ig; 



violea 197,199 



cassini, Eucometis igg 



trymnostinops 179, 181, 182 



Myiarchustrospingus igg 



Tachyphonus 157 



cassiuii, Eucometus 159 



Cassin's Oropendola igi 



Tanager ]6g 



castanea, Dendroeca 694,595,785 



Dendroica 497, 506, 592, 594,596 



Mniotilta 594 



Setophaga 733 



Sylvia 594,785 



Sylvicola 594 



castaneicapillus, Myioborus 731 



castaneiceps, Dendroica bryanti 531 



Dendroica bryanti, p 531 



castaneopectus, Icterus wagleri 269 



oastaneus, Icterus 278 



Oriolus 278 



Psarocolius 278 



Rhimanphus 594 



Catharppeza 428,429,619 



bishopi 620 



caudacutus, Psarocolius 374 



caudatus, Basileuterus rufifrons 741, 748 



caurinns, Agelaius phoenicens 323, 



324,341,342,781 



cayana, Certhia 388 



Dacnis 392, 393, 3% 



cayana 392,395,396 



Motacilla 390,393,3% 



Tanagra 8 



cayauus, Dacnis 393 



Cayenne Dacnis .- 892 



Red-breasted Blackbird Sol 



caymanensis, Holoquiscalus 225,229 



Quiscalus 229 



celata, Helinaia 464,466 



Helminthophaga 464,465,466 



celata 465 



a 465 



„ 466 



Helminthophila 448,465.466,783 



celata 448,462 



Helmitlieros 461 



Mniotilta 464 



Sylvia 464,466 



Sy I vicola 464, 466 



Vermi vora 464, 466 



celatus, Helmitheroa 464 



Central American Ground-Cbat 699 



Meadowlark 364 



cerinoclunis, Coerebn 399,408,409 



Certhia babamensis 403 



bartolemica 417,418,419 



eserulea 385,390 



cayana 388 



cyauea .....384,388 



c yanogastra * 



flaveola 398, 407, 413, 414, 417, 419,422 



flavipes ^^ 



maculata ^* 




INDEX. 



795 



Page. 



Certhift ochrocUora 385 



pinus 456 



spiza 382,384 



surinamensis 385 



varia 434 



Certhidea 375,377,426,431,761 



albemarlei 764 



Barrington Island 708 



becki 763,707 



bifasciata 763, 708 



Charles Island 785 



Chatham Island 76+ 



cinerascens 763, 765, 768 



bifasciata 768 



cinerascens 768 



Culpepper Island 767 



Darwin's 763 



drownei 763,767 



fusoa 763, 766, 767 



Gray 768 



Habel's 766 



luteola 762, 764, 765 



mentalis 763,766 



olivacea 761, 762, 763, 764, 765 



becki 767 



drownei 767 



fusca 767 



luteola 765 



mentalis 766 



olivacea 764 



rldgwayi 765 



olivaseens 768 



rldgwayi 762, 765 



salvini 764 



Tower Island 766 



Wenman Island 767 



Certhideinse 431 



Uerthiola 398, 781 



albigula 422, 782 



atrata 423 



bahamensis 403, 781 



bairdi 403 



bairdii 403,781 



bananivora 412 



barbadensis 420 



bartholemica. . . , 417, 419, 782 



barlolemica 417,419 



caboti 404 



chloropyga 399, 401 



eluciae 412 



elusiie 412 



Columbiana 409, 411, 782 



dominieana 418, 782 



Huschi 422 



liaveola 403,407, 



413,414,415,417,419,422,782 



var. portoricensis 413 



frontalis 418 



godmani 4Q8 



guianensis 399 



intermedia 407 



luteola 407,410,412,781 



magnirostris 408 



major 408,781 



majuscu la 399 



maritima 540 



Page. 



Certhiola martinica 422 



martinicana 420, 422, 782 



martlnicensis 422 



mexicana 410, 781 



a. mexicana 410 



p. Columbiana 411 



Columbiana 411 



minor 408,781 



newtoni 417 



peruviana 407 



portoricensis 413,782 



ruficollis 425 



saccharina 416 



sancti-thomae 414 



sharpei 405 



sti. thomce 414,782 



sundevalli 418 



tricolor 406 



wellsi 423 



cerulea, Sylvia 571 



Cerulean Warbler 570 



Cetophaga 722 



Chalcophanes baritus 226 



brachypterus 229 



gundlachii 227 



lugubris 229 



macrourus 240 



major 238 



purpuratus 218 



quiscalus 216, 253 



versicolor 220 



virescens 248 



Chalcothraupis 35 



chalybea, Euphonia 9 



Tanagra .' 8 



Chamaethlypis 426,430,686 



caninueha 687, 689 



poliocephala 686 



palpebralis- 687,689 

 poliocephala.. 687 



Charles Island Certhidea 765 



Chat, Boucard's Red-breasted 703 



DuBus Red-breasted 699 



Long-tailed 695 



Salle's Bed-breasted 701 



Tres Myiarchusrias Red-breasted 700 



Yellow-breasted 693 



Chatham Island Certhidea 764 



Cherrie s Tanager Ill 



Chestnut-sided Warbler 589 



Chiapas Warbler 748 



childrenii, .Sylvia 512 



Chilpancingo Warbler 7+5 



chiriqueusis, Geothlypis 659,681,082 



sequinoctialis, |3... 682 

 Y-.- 682 

 var. 682 



Chiriqui I'arula Warbler 487 



Yellow-throai 681 



Chloreuphonia 4 



Chloris 478 



americana 483, 486 



crithachorides 5'28 



Chlorochrysa 2 



chlorolcuea, Motacilla 517 



Sylvia 517 




796 



INDEX. 



Page. 



chloronota, Buthraupis - 33 



Chlorophanes 374, 376, 377, S82 



atricapilla 384 



cserulescens 384 



guatemalensis 384 



purpiirasc'ens 377,382,383 



spiza 383, 384 



cxsul 384 



guatemalensis 38;j,384 



var. gnatemaleiisi.s 384 



Chlorophoneus ^ 



Chlorophonia '-^i* 



callophrys 5,7,8,775 



calophrys 8 



Costa Rican 7 



cyaiiodorsalis 7 



Mexican ti 



occipitalis 5,0 



pretrii 5 



viridis 5 



chloropyga, Certhiola 399 



Ccereba 399,401,408 



Coereba chloropyga 408 



Chlorospingiis 2,4, 157,426 



albifrons 158, 1G2, 163 



albitempora 158, IBS, 164, 778 



albitemporalis 161,164,778 



atrieeps 160 



axillaris 135 



Brown-headed IfiO 



brunneus 137 



canigularis 166 



Carmiol's lOS 



Drab-breasted 187 



Duskv-hcaded 160 



hypophaeus 157, 107, 779 



leucophrys 157, 161 



novicius 778, 779 



olivaceiceps 159, 166 



Olivaceous 159 



olivaceus 157,158,159,161 



Olive-crowned 166 



ophthalmicus 158, 



159,160,161,162,165 



pileatus 157, 165,779 



postocularis 158, 160 



punetulatus 159, 164, 166 



Sooty-capped 165 



speculiferus 1 56, 157 



spodocephala 140 



spodocephalus 140 



sumichrasti 158,162 



Sumichrast's 162 



White-fronted 162 



Yellow-breasted 166 



Chlorothraupis 4,154 



carmioli 1,54, 155 



olivacea 154, 155, 778 



olivacens 778 



chlorotica, Tanagra 8 



chrysater, Xanthornus 295,779 



chryseoln,WiIsonia pusilla 705,714 



chryseolns, Khimamphus 512 



chrysocephala, Motacilla 576 



Sylvia ,576 



Syi vicola 676 



I'nge. 



ohrysocephaUis, Oriolus 255 



Chrysoma - 319 



chrysomelas, Hemithraupis 106 



Tachyphonus loj 



Chrysomus 319 



chrysonotus, Cacicus 187,188 



Cassiculus ]89 



Ramphocelus 108,112 



Rhamphoccelus 112 



chrysopareia, Dendrceca 567 



Dendroica otyj 



Mniotllta 507 



I'hrysoparia, Dendroeca 565,.56G,570 



Dendroica 604,565,667,668 



chrysophrys, Basileuterus 744 



Calliste 42 



Calospiza guttata 36, 40 



Sylvia 744 



chrysoptera, Helinaia 450 



Helminthophaga 450,451 



Helminthophila 446, 



447,448,451,4,52,464,456 



Helmintophila 451 



Helmitheros 450 



Mniotilta 460 



Motacilla 445,450 



Sylvia 450 



Sylvicola 450 



Vermivora 450 



chrysopterns, Ramphocelus 108,112 



Chrysothraupis 34, 36 



icterocephala 39 



Cichlalopia 769 



vulpina 770 



cincinnatiensis, Helminthophaga 447 



Helminthophila 446,447 



cincta, Motacilla 551 



cinerascens, Certhidea .' 703,763,768 



cinerAsceus 7G8 



cinerea, Euphona 32 



£uphonia 32 



cinereicollis, Basileuterus 740 



Cirulus 353 



pratensia 353 



citraja, Protonotaria "1^5 



citrea, Helminthophaga 445 



Mniotilta 445 



Motacilla 442,443 



Protonotaria 427, 442, 444, 445,783 



citreus, Cassicus 1*>3 



Turdus 63S 



citrinella, Sylvia 612 



citriuus, Rhimanphus 496,512 



ci trius, Oriolus ^^ 



clarus, Basileuterus belli 741,745 



clucia;, Certhiola J'2 



clusise, Certhiola ^''^ 



Clypicterus 169,l71,m 



cocciuea, Pyranga " 



Tanagra ^^ 



coelestis, Euphonia '* 



coelestis, Tanagra 



Coereba caerulea '^^ 



coerulea microrhynoha ^^ 



uropygialis "'^ 



Coereba 374 , 875, 376, 377, 378, 384, 398, 781 



57 




INDEX. 



797 



Coerebaatrata 401,422,423 



atricapilla 382,384 



bahamensis 399,401,403 



baDanivora 399,401 



barbadensis 400,401, 420 



bartholemica 418, 419 



bartolemica 400, 419 



brevipes 389 



brevirostris 385 



caboti 399,404 



csemlea 385,390,781 



carneipes 389 



cerinoclunis 399, 408, 409 



chloropyga 399,408 



chloropyga 408 



guianensis 408 



intermedia 408 



luteola 408 



niagnirostris 408 



major 408 



mexicana 40S 



cyanea 388 



var. carneipes 389 



rtominicana 400,417,418 



fiaveola 400,401,407,413,414,419,782 



longirostris 386 



lucida 390 



luteola 399, 406, 407, 416, 782 



martinicana .400,421,422 



mexicana 399, 401, 407, 409, 410, 782 



Columbiana 409,411 



newtoni 400,416, 417 



nitida 386 



portoricensis 400, 401, 41 2, 413, 782 



saccharina 400, 407, 415, 416 



sharpei 399,404, 405 



tricolor 399,401,405, 406 



uropygialis 400, 420, 421 



wellsi 401,407,423 



coerebieolor, Dacnis 395 



Coerebidae 2,374, 376,376,377,425,426,427 



Coerebra mexicana 782 



coerulca, Arbelorhina 385 



ccerulea, Dendrceca 573 



Dendroica 573 



Mniotil ta 573 



Sylvia 571 



colaris, Sturnejla 360 



■ Colima Boat-tail 241 



Warbler 473 



Collared Redstart 735 



collaris, Sturnella ■ 359 



Sturnus 369 



Colombian Rice Grackle 197 



eolombianus, Seiurus 642 



Columbiana, Certhiola 411, 782 



mexicana 411 



mexicanap 411 



Coereba mexicana 409, 411 



Tanagra 95 



Comarophagus 129 



Compaothlypis 429,475,478 



americana 479, 483, 484, 485, 



486, 545, 783 



americana 479, 480, 



481,485 



Page. 



Compsothlypis americana ramalinse. 479, 486, 783 



usnea;. 479,484,485,486 



graysoni 480,492,493 



gutturalis 475, 476 



inornata 488,489 



inornatus 489 



insularis 492,493 



mexicana 478 



nigrilora 491 



pitiayumi 47S, 487 



inornata 480, 488, 489 



insularis 480,492 



nigrilora 480, 490 



pitiayumi 480,487 



pulchra 480,491 



speciosa 480, 



487,488,783 



pnlchra 491 



Conirostrum 375, 378, 377, 425, 426 



superciliosum 478 



Connecticut Warbler 625 



cooperi, Piranga 84 



rubra 76,77,83,84,776 



Pyrauga .- 84 



(estiva 84 



var 84 



Coracias galbula 255, 312 



xanthornus 264, 302 



coronata, Dendrceca 560, 553, 555 



Dendroica 497, 603, 546, 549, 560, 784 



coronata, var 660 



Mnlotilta 549,784 



Motacilla 496,497,548 



Rhimanphus 549 



Sylvia 548 



Sylvicola 648 



coronatus, Anthus 638 



Cassiculus 192 



Dendroica 784 



Rhimamphus 549 



(Rhimampiius) Dendroica 784 



Turdus 638 



Xanthornus 192 



corvinus, Quiscalus 238 



Corvus (Cassidix) mexicanus 196,200 



mexicanus 200 



coryi, Geothlypis 666, 667,669, 661,677,678 



coryi 657 



Cory's Yellow-throat 077 



Costa Rican Buff-rumped Warbler 757 



Chlorophonia 7 



Diglossa 381 



White-shouldered Tanager 134 



costaricensis, Ramphocelus 108,109,111,777 



passerinil 777 



Rampbocoelus 112 



costototl, Hyphantes 289,319 



Oriolus 319 



Cowbird 207 



Bronzed 203 



Dwarf 210 



Glossy 211 



Lesser Bronzed 204 



Red-eyed ....' 201 



coztototl, Psarocolius 289,319 



Yphantes 319 




798 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Cozumel Bauanaquit 404 



Oriole 292 



Spindalis 72 



Taimger 99 



Yellow Warbler 524 



cozumelse, Icterus cucullatus 259, 292 



Piranga roseo-gularis 78, 99 



crassirostris, Cassidix ' 200 



Euphonia 10,11,28,29 



Qulsealus 227,228,229 



Scaphidura 200 



Scaphidurus 228 



Creeper, Black and Yellow 414 



Blue-throated 389 



Pine 456 



Yellow-cheeked 385 



Yellow-throated 581 



Crested Oropendola 1S4 



Crimson-backed Taiiager 116 



Panama 118 



-collared Tanager 120 



crissalis, Helminthophila 448,473 



cristata, Eucometis 138,139 



Pipilopsis 139 



cristatus, Cassicus 185 



Icterus 185 



Oriolus 183,186 



Ostinops 186 



Psarocolius 186 



croconotus, Psarocolius 255 



cruciana, Dendroeca petechia, b 520 



Cuban Crackle 226 



Meadowlark :168 



Oriole 271 



Red-wing 342 



Spindalis 68 



Warbler C0.5 



Yellow Warbler 520 



cubana, Dendroeca petechia, d 521 



cucullata, Aglaia .- 53, 54 



Buthraupis 33 



Calliste 53, 54 



Calospiza 37, 52 



Myiarchusscicapa ^ 708 



Pyranga 102 



Sylvia 681 



Tanagra 32 



cucullatus, Ictenis 259 



261, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293 



Icterus cucullatus . . 259, 262, 287, 289 



var... 289,290,291 



Pcndulinus 289, 290, 291 



Culicivora, Basileuterus 754 



Selophaga 755 



Sylvia 7,^4 



culieivorus, Basileuterus 740,742,754,765,756 



Basileuterus culieivorus 742, 753 



Culpepper Island Certbiden 707 



Curai;'ao Bananaqnit 420 



Oriole gOg 



Yellow Warbler r>25 



curacaoensis. Icterus 303 



xanthornus 303 



curasoeiisis, Icieriis 3q3 



xanthornus. 260,261,263,303 

 Currnca anlhoides g)5 



Page. 



Curruca noveboracensis 643 



cyanater, Dacnis 394 



cyanea, Arbelorhina 3^3 



Certhia 384,388 



Coereba 333 



Nectarinia sgg 



cyaueidorsalis, Euphonia 7 



Cyanerpes 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 384,498 



csernleus 385,386 



carneipes 731 



longirostris 336 



cyanea eximea 339 



cyaneus 385, 386, 389 



brevipes 387,389 



carneipes 339 



lucidus 386, 386, 88», 390 



nitidus 386 



cyaneus Cyanerpas 385,386,389 



cyanocephala, Aglaia 55 



Dacnis 394 



Motacilla 394 



(fvanocephalu.s, Dacnis 394 



Psarocolius 244,250 



Scolccophagus . . 245, 248, 250, 251 



(Jyanodacnis 390 



Cyanodiglossa 378 



cyanodorsalis, Acrocompsji 7 



Chloropbonia 7 



Euphonia 7 



cyauogastru, Certhia 389 



cyanomelas, Dacnis 394 



Fringilla 394 



Cyanophonia 8 



musica 15 



cyanoptera, Tanagra 67 



cyanoplerus, Saltator 67 



cyanopus, Agelaius 320,321 



Cyanothrus 205 



cyanoventris, Calliste 44 



G^rola 45 



Tanagra 44 



Cyrtotes 205 



D. 



Dacnidea 



Dacnis 374, 376, 377, 378, 390, 391, 



angelica 



[Ateleodacnis] analis 



bicolor 



oaerulescens 



rayana .392,393, 



cayana 392, 395, 



glaucogularis 



Kubsp. typica 



subsp. ultramarina 



ullramarina 392, .'i94, 



cayanus 



ccerebieolor 



cyanater 



cyanocephala 



cyanocephalus 



cyanomelas 



flaviventris ^9", 



gualemalensis 



loucogeny.< 



nigripes 



396 




INDEX. 



799 



Page. 



Dacnis prolonotaria 445 



pulcherrima 2, 391 



salmoui 391 



Scarlet-thighed 390 



ultramarina 395 



Ultramarine 394 



venusta 392,396,397,781 



viguen. 



390 



viguieri 392, 396 



Viguier's 396 



darwini,Taiiagra 54 



Darwiu's Certhidea '63 



decora, Dendroeca 587 



gracise, b 586 



Dendroica 587 



gracise 505,583,584,587 



var 586 



Decorated Warbler 586 



decumanus, Ostinops 184, 185 



Xanthornus 183,185 



delafleldi, Trichas 689 



delafieldii, Sylvia 670,671,689 



Trichaa 670,671 



delaltrei, Basilenterns , 750 



Delatlre's Warbler i 749 



delattrii, Basilenterus 746, 748, 749, 750, 751 



rufifrons 742,749 



Setophaga 749 



Tachyphonus 130,136,137 



delicata, Dendrceca 588 



adelaidae 688 



Dendroica 497, 498, 506, 588 



adelaidse 588 



Dendreeca gracise 586 



Dendroeca 497 



mareomi 512 



montana 785 



petechia, a. banholemica 520 



b. cruciana 520 



c. barbadensis 526 



d. cubana 521 



e. jamaicensis 516 



f. gallapagensis 523 



g. peruviana 523 



h. sequatorialis 523 



i. panamensis 529 



portoricensis 520 



siirps barthelemica . . . 520 



Dendroeca adelaidae 588 



delicata 588 



lestiva 511,513,515,620 



atricapilla 598 



auduboni .'. 554 



audubonii 555 



aureola 522 



blackburnise 577, 578 



bryaiUi 630,531,783 



cffirula 573 



rarulca 572,573 



Cffirulescens 544 



cairnsi 546 



canadensis 643,718,784 



capitalis 526 



carbonata 541 



castanea 594,595,785 



chrysoparela 567 



Page. 



Deudrceca chrysoparia 565, 566, 570 



coronata 550, 555 



delicata 588 



discolor 610 



dominica 580,581,583 



albilora 583 



b. albilora 583 



var. albilora 583 



eoa 532 



gracifc 585, 586 



u. gracise 586 



b. decora .586 



gundlacbi 521 



icterocephala 592 



ignota 615 



kirtlandi '. 605 



kirtlandii 605 



maculosa 536 



melanoptera 524 



montana 784, 785 



nigrescens 559 



niveiventris 570 



occidentalis 569 



olivacea 496 



palmarum 614, 616 



a. palmarum 614 



b. h j'pochrysea 616 



hypochrysea 614,616 



palmarum 614 



subspecies hypochry- 

 sea 616 



subspecies palmarum 614 



pannosa 615 



pensylvanica 591 



peridentalis 570 



petechia 516, 518, .520, 524, 526 



guudlachi 518,521 



melanoptera 521 



ruflcapilla 520 



var. gundlachi 518,521 



melanoptera 524 



pharetra 619 



pina 601, 602 



pinus 601 



pi lyophila 606 



plumbea 618 



ruflcapilla 520 



rufigula 527 



rufopileata 526 



striata 598 



superciliosa 581, .582 



tigrlna 639 



towusendi 561, 784 



townsendii 661 



vieilloti 627, 629, 530, 531 



bryauli 530,531 



rufigula 527 



vigorsii 785 



virens 564, 666 



Uendroica 429,496,497,634 



adelaids 497, 498, 505, 587, 688 



delicata 688 



fflstiva 498, 499, 513, 514, 632 



sestiva 499,508 



dugesi 500,513 



morcomi 509,612,513 




800 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Dendroica sestiva rubiglnosa 500, 614 



sonorana 500, 512, 513 



albicollis 521 



auduboni 503, 553, 554, 555 



auduboni 503, 551 



goldmaiii 503,556 



nigrifrons 503,555 



audubonii 564 



audubonis 555 



aureola 499,522,783 



auricapilla 517 



aurocapilla 517 



blackburnia; 504, 505, 532, 574, 677 



bryan ti 501 , 630 



bryanti 501,529 



p castaneiceps 531 



castaneiceps 502,530,531 



Cferulea 571,572 



cserulescens 502, 544, 546 



cserulescens. 502, 541, 546 



cairnsi 502, 545, 546 



canadensis 543 



capitalis 499, 526 



rufopileata 526 



carbonata 640,'541 



castanea 497, 506*, 592, 594, 596 



chrysoparia 504, 565, 567, 568 



ccerulea 573 



coronata 497, 503, 546, 549, 653, 784 



hooveri 551 



var. coronata 550 



coronatus 650, 784 



delicata 497, 498, 506, 588 



discolor 497, 498, 507, 607 



dominica 497, 498, 505, 580, 583 



albilora 505, 



681,582,583,584 



a. dominica 581 



dominica 505, 578 



var. albilora 583 



var. dominica 581 



dugesi 614 



eoa 499,602,531,532 



erihtacborides 628, 630 



erithachorides - 501,527 



flavida ' 525 



goldmani 566 



graciee 605, 585 



decora 505, 583, 586, 687 



gracise 606, 584 



var. adelaidse 588 



var. decora 686 



gundlachi 517, 518, 621 



icterocephala 692 



ignota 615 



kirtlandi 604 



kirtlandii 607, 60S, 604 



maculosa 497,498,502,532,635 



montana 784 



nigrescens 603,604,656,558,668 



nigriJrons 555, 666 



occidentalis 504, 567, 569 



olivacea 496 



palmarum .... 497, 498, 507, 613, 614, 616 



hypochrysea 508, 



615, 616, 617 



Page. 



Dendroica palmarum palmarum 508, 812, 614 



var. palmarum 614 



pennsylvanica 691 



pensilis 582 



pensylvanica 506, 589, 590, 691 



(Perisaoglossa?) carbonata 641 



petechia 600, 512, 518, 520, 521, 632 



a. petechia 616 



aureola 601, 521 



Auricapilla 600, 51 7 , 620 



bartholemica 500, 518 



p. gundlachi 618, 521 



e. ruiivertex 624 



5. melanoptera 524 



y. ruflcapilla 520 



flaviceps 500, 617, 818 



gundlachi 501, 



517,618,520,521 



melanoptera 524 



petechia 500, 515, 620 



ruflcapilla 520 



ruflvertex 624 



var. gundlachi 618 



var. petechia 616 



var. ruflcapilla 619,520 



pharetra 497, 498, 608, 618, 619 



pinus 598,601 



pityophila 498, 507, 606 



bahamensis 607, 606 



pityophila 607, 605 



plumbea 497, 498, 608, 617, 618 



rara 604,570,573 



ruflcapilla 601, 620, 626 



capitalis 501,526 



flavida 601,524 



ruflcapilla 601, 52S 



ruflvertex 501,524 



rufopileata 501, 526 



rufigula 601,626,627 



rufopileata 625 



rulo-pileata 626 



striata 606,596,597,786 



striatus 598 



superciliosa 581, 582 



tigrina 497, 498,602, 537, 639, 784 



townsendi 603, 504, 659, 661,784 



townsendii 661 



var. auduboni 555 



vieilloti 528 



u.. bryanti 530 



castaneiceps 531 



var. bryanti 530, 631 



var. ruflgula 527,529 



var. vieilloti 629 



vieillotii 629 



var. bryanti 530 



vigoKiii ' 497, 498, 506, 601, 603 



abacoensis . . . 498, 606, 601, 603 



achrustera 49S, 



506,507,601,602,603 

 vigorsii... 506,507,599,602,785 



virens 503, 504, 562, 564, 668, 784 



vitelllna 507, 610, 611 



Dendroioae 429 



derhamii, Myiarchusscicapa 733, 785 



de-rhamii, Myiarchusscicapa 785 




INDEX. 



801 



diacomus, Tanagra . 



diaconus.Calliste... 



Tanagra.. 



Page. 



58 



57 



57 



(Aglaia) 57 



cana 58,776 



Thraupis 58 



diadematus, Icterus 192 



DiciEum aterrimum 423 



Diglossa 371,375,376,377,378,379 



baritula 378, 380, 381 



carbonaria 379 



Costa Ricau 381 



glauca 379 



gloriosa 879 



Jtexican 380 



mystacalis 378, 379 



pectoralis 379 



personata 379 



plumbea 880, 881, 382, 781 



sittoides 381 



Diglossopis 374,376,877,379 



eserulescens 379 



dimidiatus, Ramphocelus 108, 11 7, 777, 778 



dimidiatus 108, 



109, 11« 



discolor, Dendrocai 497, 498, 507, 607, 609, 610 



Dendrceca 610 



Mniotilta 609 



Molothrus 212 



Passerina 212 



PhEenieotbraupis salvinl 143 



Phcenieothraupis salvini 151 



Rbimamphus 609 



Sylvia 609 



Sylvicola 609 



Dives 174,253 



atroviolaceus 253 



dives 254,255 



sumichasti 255 



dives, Dives 254, 255 



Icterus 254, 779 



Lampropsar ..-, 253, 254, 779 



Scolecophagus 255 



iJolichonix oryzivora 373 



Dolichouyees 175 



Dolichoiiyx 170,171,172,175,369 



agripennis 374 



orizivorus 373 



orizy vera 873 



oryzivora 373 



albinucha 374 



oryzivorus 370, 372, 373, 781 



albinucba 374 



/3. albinuchus 374 



var. albinucha 374 



domiiiica Dendrceca 680, 581, 583 



Dendroica 497, 498, 605, 580, 683 



dominica 506,558 



a. 681 



var 681 



Mniotilta 680 



Motacilla 580 



Sylvia 580 



Dominican Bananaquit 417 



dominieana, Certhiola •. 418, 782 



Crareba 400,417,418 



3654— VOL 2— 01 51 



Page. 



dominicensis, Icterus 258, 263, 268, 271, 273, 274 



Icterus dominicensis, var 274 



Oriolus 268, 271, 273 



Pendulinus 268, 274 



Tanagra 68 



Xanthornus 272,274 



D'Orbigny's Blaclfbird 252 



dowi, Calliste 775 



Calospiza 36, 46 



Dow's Tanagcr 46 



Drab-breasted Chlorospingus 167 



Drepanidaj 376 



drownei,Certhidea 763,767 



olivacea 767 



Dii Bus' Ked-breasted Chat §99 



dubusi. Icterus 301,303 



xanthornus, var. a 301, 303 



Duges' Warbler 747 



Yellow Warbler 513 



dugesi, Basileuterus rufifrous 741, 742, 747, 748 



Dendroica 514 



ajstiva 500,513 



Dulus palmarum 128 



poliocephalus 128 



dumicola, Icteria 695 



Jcteria 695 



dunstalli, Ramphocelus 108, 115 



Rhamphocoelus 115 



Dunstall's Tanager 115 



duplexus. Icterus cucullatus 259, 292, 293 



Dusky-headed Chlorosplngus 100 



-tailed Ant Tanager 152 



Warbler 467 



Dwarf Cowbird 210 



E. 



edwardsi, Buthraupis 33 



elegantissima, Euphona 13 



Euphonia 9,10, 12,13 



Pipra 13 



Emberiza flavifrons 17 



militaris 350, 353 



oryzivora 372 



pecoris 209 



emberizoides. Icterus 210 



Emerald Tanager 39 



Enicocichla 634 



aurocapilla 638 



aurocapillus 638 



ludoviciana 641 



major 642 



noveboracensis 645 



sulphurascena 645 



eoa, Dendrceca 532 



Dendroica 499,502,531,632 



IVIniotilta 532 



Sylvicola 532 



epiacopus, Tanagra 54, 57 



eques, Motacilla 483 



Ergaticus 431, 758 



ruber 739, 760 



versicolor 759, 760, 761 



erihtachorides, Dendroica 628 



erithachorides, Chloris 628 



Dendroica 501,527,630 



erythrocephala, Piranga 76,79,102 




802 



INDEX. 



Page. 



erythrocephala, Pyranga 102, 776 



Spermagra 302,776 



ery throcephalum, Phoenicosoma ..'. 102 



ery throlEema, Phoenicothraupis 153 



f uscicauda - 163 

 erythromeljena, Piranga erythromeleena, 



var 101 



Pyranga 100, 101 



erythromelsena, 



var....' 101 



erythromelas, Phoenicosoma 101 



Piranga 76, 77, 78, 88, 91 



Pyranga 76,91,100,101 



Tanagra -- 100,101 



erythropis, Pyranga 95 



Erythropsar 819,321 



erythrothorax, Leistes 353 



espinaclii, Icterus pectoralis 258, 284 



Espinacli's Oriole 284 



Eucometes spodocepliala stictothorax 778 



Eucometis 4, 138 



cassini 169 



cassinii 169 



cristata 138,189 



spodocephala 138, 140, 141 



pallida .... 138,140,141 

 spodocepliala.. 138,139 



stictothorax 138, 



141, 778 



Eucorystes 175 



Tvagleri 177, 178 



Eudacnis 390 



Euneornis 423 



euophrys, Basileuterus 740 



Euopsar 255 



Euphagus 244 



Euphona 8 



afflnis S3 



einerea 32 



elegantissima 13 



Jamaica 32 



laniirostris 28 



musica 14 



Euphone 8 



musica 14 



tibicen 13 



Euphonia 2, 8, 9 



afflnis 10,11,21,23,25 



aunae 18 



annese 10,11,17,18 



Blue-hooded 12 



Bonaparte's 25 



Cabanis' 19 



ceeruleocephala 14 



chalybea 9 



f'inerea 32 



coelestis 13 



crassirostris 10,11,28,29 



cyaneidorsalis 7 



elegantissima 9, 10, 12, 13 



flavifroNfii 10, 15, 17 



fulvicrissa 10, 11, 18, 19 



Fulvous-vented 18 



gnatho 27 



godmani : 10,11,24,25 



tiodmfln's , . . . , 2i 



Euphouia gouldi 10,19,29,30 



Gould's 29 



gracilis 10,11,19,20 



Green 15 



Haitian 13 



hirundinacea ... 10,11,25,27,28,29,775 



humilis 24 



Jamaica 31, 32 



jamaicae 32 



Jamaican 31 



jamaicensis 32 



laniirostris 27,28,29,776 



Lesson's 21 



luteicapilla 10,11,20,21 



minuta 9,24 



humilis 10,11,23,24 



musica 8,9,10,13,14 



occipitalis 5 



Porto Rican 15 



nifiventris 18 



sclaterl 10, 15 



Tawny-capped : 17 



Thick-billed 28 



White-vented 23 



Yellow-crowned 20 



Euphonise 1,2 



Euprepiste 35 



Euschemon 35 



Euthlypis 428, 431, 735,739, 740 



canadensis 718 



lachrymosa 735, 737, 738 



lachrymosa 736 



tephra 738 



exigua, Geothlypis 657, 659, 677 



incompta 657 



eximea, Cyanerpes cyanea 389 



eximia, Arbelorhina 389 



cyanea 389 



Buthraupis 32, 33 



Coereba cyanea 389 



Ehodinocichla rosea 770 



Exococichla 634 



exsul, Chlorophanes spiza 384 



Spindalis 74 



r. 



fanny, Aglaia 49, 50 



Calliste 50 



larvata, var 49, 50 



Calospiza larvata 37, 49, 60 



Fan-tailed Warbler 736 



Western 738 



fernandinae, Anabates 648, 649 



Geothlypis 649 



loteria 649 



Teretistris 648,649 



Teretristis 649 



Fernandina's Warbler 649 



ferruginea, ■Gracula 247 



f errugineua, Oriolus 244, 247 



Quiscalus 247 



Scolecophagus 247, 248, 261 



festse, Ramphocelus 108, 115, 777 



Rhamphocoelus 115 



festae, Khamphoccelus 777 



Testa's Tanager 115 




INDEX. 



803 



Page. 



Fiery Oriole 291 



figlina, Piranga 88 



testacea 77, 87 



Pyranga : 88 



Finch, Bahama 72 



finschi, Certhiola 422 



flammea, Piranga 96 



bidentata 78,96,777 



Setophaga 733, 734 



miniata 733 



flammeus, Myroborus miniatus 731, 733 



flammigerus, Rhamphopis Ill 



flava, Sylvia 512 



Tanagra 35 



flaveola, Certhia 398, 407, 413, 414, 417, 419, 422 



Certhiola 403, 



407, 413, 414, 415, 417, 419, 422, 782 



Coereba 400, 401, 407, 413, 414, 419, 782 



Nectarinia 413,422,782 



flaveseeus, Basileuterus culicivorus 742,755 



flavicauda, MotaciUa 727 



Sylvia 727 



flaviceps, Dendroica petechia 500, 517, 518 



Geothlypis . . . .' 659, 661, 680, 681 



flavicoUis, Motacilla 681 



Sylvia 581,582 



Sylvicola 581,582 



flavicrissus, Cacicus 187 



Cassiculus 189 



Cassicus 189 



flavida, Dendroica 528 



rufleapilla 501, 524 



Geothlypis 656,659,678 



coryi 657 



flavifrons, Emberiza 17 



Euphonia 10, 15, 17 



MotaciUa 451 



Sylvia 451 



Tanagra 17 



flavigaster, Basileuterus 748 



rufltrons 742,748 



Pendulinus 268,274 



Psarocolins 268 



flavipes, Certhia 389 



flaviventris, Dacnis 390,891 



flavopygia, Sylvia 561 



flavovelata, Geothlypis 656, 659, 680 



flavovelatus, Geothlypis 680 



flavus, Oriolus 321 



florida, Calliste 39,40 



Calospiza 36 



florida 36,39 



Florida Grackle 21! 



Red-wing 333 



floridanus, Agelaius phoeniceus . . 323, 324, 333, 334 



Flycatcher, Blue 543 



Golden-crowned 548 



Red-throated 590 



Jonaosa, Geothlypis 625, 684 



Mniotilta 624 



Myiodioctes 624 



Oporornis 446, 621, 622, 625 



Setophaga 624 



Sylvania 624 



Sylvia 624 



Sylvicola 624 



Page. 



formosa, Trichas (Sylvicola) 624 



formosas, Oporornis 624 



formosus, Icteru.s 298 



sclateri 298 



Myioctonus 624 



Myiodioctes 624 



Oporornis 624 



Seiurus 625 



Forns' Warbler 649 



fornsi, Geothlypis 650 



Teretistris 648, 049, 650 



teretristi.'i 650 



tornsii, Icteria 650 



Teretistris 650 



fortirostris, Holoquiscalus 225,229,230 



Quisealus 230 



fortis, Agelaius phoeniceus . . 322, 324, 337, 338, 339 



f rancescse, Calliste 61 



larvata 51 



Granatellus 697,698,699,700,701 



Icteria 701 



f rancisese, Callispiza 51 



Calliste 50 



frantzii, Callispiza (Chrysothraupis) 39 



Calliste 39 



fraserl, Basileuterus 740 



f renatus. Icterus 360 



Fringilla ambigua 210 



bahamensis 72 



oyanomelas 394 



Jamaica 31 



oryzivora 369, 371 



pecoris 205, 209 



rubra 80,90 



zena 65,70,72 



f ringillarius, Molothrus 206, 207 



frontalis, Agelaius 319 



Certhiola 418 



fulvicapilla, Vermivora 441 



fulvicrissa, Euphonia 10, 11, 18, 19 



Phonasca 19 



fulvicrissus, Acroleptes 19 



Fulvous-vented Euphonia 18 



Fumarius roseus 769, 770, 773 



tusca, Certhidea 763,766,767 



olivacea 767 



Motacilla 576 



f uscicauda, Phaenicothraupis 149, 163 



Phoenicothraupis 163 



Phoenicothraupis 149, 150 



luscus, Oriolus 209,210,248 



G. 



Galapagos Yellow Warbler 521 



galbnla, Coracias 255, 312 



Icterus 261, 262, 263, 310, 312 



galericulata, Pipra 13 



gallapagensis, Dendroeca petechia, f 523 



Geothlypeae 429 



Geothlypis 430,621,653,686 



sequinoctialis 653, 657, 690 



(3. chlriquensis ... 682 



7. chlriquensis 682 



var. chlriquensis. 682 



agilis 627,628,666 



balrdi 683 




804 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Geothlypis beldingi 656, 659, 601, 67fl, 680 



caninucha 690 



icterotis 691 



(Chamaethlypis) palpebralis — 689 



chiriquensis 657, OSl, 682 



coryi 656, 657, 659, 661, 67 7, 678 



coryi ''57 



flavida OS' 



exigua 057,659,677 



lernandinse ^^ 



flaviceps 659, 661, 6S0, 681 



flavida 656,659,678 



flavovelata 656,659,680 



flavovelatus 



680 



Xormosa 625,684 



foi-nsi -•_--- 650 



incompta (;.>,, 659, 677 



exigua 657 



incompta 657 



macgillivraii 633 



macgiUivrayi 632, 633 



maegillivrayii 633 



maynardi 650, 659, 661, 676 



melanops 674 



nelsoni 653 



microrhyncha 660,661,685 



nelsoni 660,661,685 



palpebralis 689,691 



palustris 652 



Philadelphia 629, 630, 634 



tt. Philadelphia 631 



a. Philadelphia ... 630 



b. macgiUivrayi... 633 

 p. macgiUivrayi ... 633 



macgiUivrayi 633 



var. macgiUivrayi. 633 

 var. philadel- 



phia 630,631 



poUocephala 686,687,688,689,690 



a. poUocephala ... 688 



palpebralis 688 



ralphi 688,689 



var. caninucha ... 690 

 var. poUocephala. 688 



reatricta 666 



rostrata 656, 



657,659,661,674,675,677 



restrains..: 675,677 



tanneri 676 



seraiflava 653,682,683 



bairdi 660,661,682 



semiflava 682,683 



speciosa 653, 660, 661, 688, 684 



a. speciosa 684 



var, speciosa 684 



tanneri 656, 657, 659, 661, 676 



maynardi 657 



tanneri 657 



tephrocotis 628 



tolmiei 632 



trichas 653, 656, 657, 663, 664, 



665, 666, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672 

 » trichas . . 663, 666, 668, 670, 671 



arizela 655 



656,658,660,670,672 



brachidac tyla 665, 



658, 660, 664, 666 



Page. 



Geothlypis trichas 3. rostrata -■•■-■■■■••■••., 5^ 



ignota 65d,658, 660, (>b7,668 



melanops 656, 



658,661,670,673,674 



modesta 656,658,660,672 



occidentalis 655,656,658, 



660,666,668,670,671,672,674 



restricta 666 



restrictns 666 



•^ roscoe 668 



scirpieola . . .' 672 



sinuosa 654, 



656,658,660,672,673 



trichas 654, 



656,658,660,061,663 



var. melanops 674 



rostrata 675 



trichas 663, 



666,668,670,671 



■y. melanops 674 



velafa 653, 657, 681 



giraudi. Icterus 295 



giraudii. Icterus 259,'!62,2i)3,294 



Giraud's Oriole 29S 



glauca, Diglossa 379 



glaucogularis, Dacnis cayana 396 



gloriosa, Diglossa 379 



Glossiptila 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 42S, 783 



TUflcoUis 424,425,783 



Glossiptilinse 377 



Glossoptila 783 



campestris 425 



ruflcolUs 783 



Glossy Cowbird 211 



gnatho, Euphonia 27 



Phonasca 27 



godmani, Basilenterus 756 



culicivorus 742,750 



CerthioJa 408 



Euphonia 10,11,24,25 



godmanni, Basilenterus 756 



Godman's Euphonia 24 



Warbler 756 



Golden-cheeked Warbler 5G5 



-crowned Flycatcher 548 



Thrush 637 



-masked Tanager 4 J 



Pileolated Warbler 714 



-winged Tanager. 112 



Warbler ■«8 



goldmani, Dendroica 556 



audnboni 503, 566 



Goldman's Warbler 556 



gossii,Seiurus MS 



gouldi, Euphonia 10,19,29,30 



Gould's Euphonia *" 



Grace's Warbler 584 



gracise, Dendraeca 5^6 



Dendroeca 585,586 



gracifie,b 586 



Dendroica 505, 585 



gracise 505,584 



Mniotilta 586 



gracilis, Acroleptes 20 



Euphonia 10,11,19,20 



Phonasca 20 



Grackle, Barbados 339 




INDEX. 



805 



Page. 



Grackle, Boat-tailed '2S0 



Bogota 236 



Bronzed 219 



Colombian Rice 197 



Cuban 22« 



Florida ai7 



Grand Cayman 220 



Grayson's Boat-tailed 241 



Great-tailed 238 



Haitian 228 



Jamaican 227 



Myiarchusrtinique 231 



Mexican Rice 199 



Nicaraguan 24+ 



Porto Rican 228 



Purple 215 



Santa Lucia 230 



Slender-billed 243 



Sonoran Boat-tailed 242 



Straight-billed 233 



Gracula barita 216, 218, 222, 226, 227, 229, 237 



f erruginea 247 



quiscala 237 



quiscola 216 



quiscula 212, 216, 219, 222, 248 



graduacauda. Icterus 281 



Granatellus 426,430,097 



francescffi 697, 698, 699, 700, 701 



pelzelni 698 



pelzelnii 698 



sallaji 697,698,702,703 



boucardi 698, 699, 70S 



sallsei 698,699,701 



sallei 702 



venustus 697, 698, 699, 700 



Grand Cayman Crackle 229 



Yellow Warbler 517 



grandis, Agelaius gubernator 322, 323, 329, 330 



phoeniceus 330 



Gray Certhidea 768 



-crested Tanager 139 



-crowned Palm Tanager 128 



-headed Tanager 139 



Yucatan 140 



graysoni, Compsothlypis 480, 492, 493 



Icterus 299 



Megaquiscalus major 235, 236, 241 



Quiscalus 242 



Scaphidurus major 242 



graysonii. Icterus 260, 298, 299, 780 



Grayson's Boat-tailed Crackle 241 



Oriole 298 



Great-tailed Crackle 238 



Green Euphonia 15 



Honey Creeper, Northern 383 



Grenada Crackle 232 



Grey Grosbeak 31 



Greypoll Warbler 676 



Grinnell's Water-Thrush 645 



griseiceps, Basileuterus 740 



Grosbeak, Grey 31 



Yellow-bellied 81 



Ground-Chat, Central American 689 



Myiarchusrador 689 



Ralph's 687 



Warbler, Haitian 652 



Page. 



Guadeloupe Grackle 232 



Yellow-Warbler 523 



guadeloupensis, Holoquiscalus 225, 232 



Quiscalus 232 



Seiurus 645 



Gualan Oriole 295 



gualanensis. Icterus 259, 271, 295 



guatemalae, Setophaga picta 723, 729, 730 



Guatemalan Painted Redstart 729 



Paru;a Warbler 488 



Warbler 744 



guatemalensis, Chloropbanes 384 



spiza 383,384 



var 384 



Dacnis 384 



guatemozinus, Ostinops 182 



guatimozinus, Cassious ; 182, 183 



Gymnostinops 179,182,183 



Ostinops 182 



gubernator, Agaelaius phoeniceus, var 341 



Agelseus 328,330,339,341 



phoeniceus 328,341 



(3 328,341 



c 328 



var 328 



Agelaius 322, 328, 330, 338, 341, 780 



gubernator.... 322,323,320 

 phoeniceus, var. 328,330,341 



Icterus 329 



Psarocolius 339 



guianensis, Certhiola 399 



Ocereba ohloropyga 408 



Icterus 353 



Lampropsar ^ 212 



Leistes 781 



Oriolus 350,353 



Fedotribes 353 



Trupialis 353 



Qiiit-Guits 377 



gularis. Icterus 258,261,285,286,287 



gularis 258,284,286 



Psarocolius 255, 285, 286, 287 



gundlachi, Dendrceca 521 



petechia 518, 521 



var 518,521 



Dendroica 517, 518, 521 



petechia 501, 



517, 518, 520, 521 



/3 518,521 



var 518 



Mniotilta 521 



Quiscalus baritus, var 227 



gundlachii, Chalcopbanes 227 



Holoquiscalus 222, 224, 226, 227 



Quiscalus 226,227 



gunnii, Helminthophaga 455 



guttata, Calllspiza 42 



Calliste : 42,775 



punctata, var. a 42 



Calospiza 41 , 42 



guttulata, Calliste 42 



Ixothraupis 42 



guttulatus. Icterus 283, 284 



gutturalis, Compsothlypis 475, 476 



Helminthophaga ruficapilla, 

 var 471 




806 



INDEX. 



Page, 

 gutturalis, Helminthophila rubricapilla . . . 448, 



470,471 



ruficapilla 471 



Mniotilta 477 



Oreothlypis 476, 476, 477, 783 



Parula 476 



Gymnostinops 169, 171, 172, 173, 178 



cassini 179,181,182 



guatimozinus 179, 182, 183 



montezuma 179,180,181 



Gyrola 34 



cyanoventris 45 



gyrola, Aglaia 44 



Callospiza 44 



Tanagra 34, 44 



gyroloides, Aglaia 45 



Callispiza 45 



Calliste gyrola, var. a 45 



Calospiza 36, 48, 45 



H. 



Habel's Certhidea 766 



haemorrhous, Orlolus 186 



Haitian Bananaqnit 411 



Euphonia 13 



Grackle 228 



Ground Warbler 652 



Oriole 273 



Spindalis 67 



halseli, Sylvia 559 



hamulus, Campylops 378 



Eangnest Oriole 304 



Hang-nests 169 



Hartlaub's Warbler 477 



Hedge Sparrow, American 426 



Helinaia 428, 4,36 



bachmanii 459 



carbonata , 541 



celata 464, 466 



chrysoptera 460 



peregrina 461 



protonotarius 446 



rubricapilla 470 



solitaria 458 



swainsoni 438, 783 



swainsonii 436,437,783 



Helinaiae 428 



Helmintherus 438 



swainsoni 438 



vermivorus 441 



Helminthopaga pinus 468 



Helminthophaga 426, 445 



bachmani 459 



(?) carbonata 641 



celata 464,465,466 



a. celata 465 



a. celata 466 



b. lutescens 467 



|8. lutescens 467 



celata 466 



lutescens 467 



var. celata 465 



var. lutescens 467 



var. obscura 465 



chrysoptera 450, 451, 454 



cincinnatiensis 447 



Page. 



Helminthophaga oitrea 445 



gunnii 455 



lawrencei 453 



lawrencii 453 



leucobronchialis 455 



lucias 474 



peregrina 401,462 



pina 458 



pmus 457 



protonolarus 445 



rubricapilla 470 



ruficapilla 469,471 



var. gutturalis . 471 

 var. ocularis ... 470 

 var. ruficapilla. 469 



solitaria 458 



swainsonii 438 



Virginias 472, 473 



Helminthophila 426, 428, 445, 476 



bachmani . . 446, 448, 458, 469, 460 



bachmanii 460 



bachmanni 460 



celata 448,465,466,783 



celata 448,462 



lutescens. 448,466,467,468 



obscura 465 



sordida .. 448,467,468,783 



subsp. obscura 465 



chrysoptera 446, 



447, 448, 451, 452, 4M, 456 



cincinnatiensis 446,447 



crissalis 448,473 



lawrencei 453 



lawrencii 447, 452, 463 



leucobronchialis 447, 



453,464,455,456 



lueiae 446,473,474 



lutescens 467 



peregrina 446,448,460,462 



piuus 446, 



447,452,464,455,457,468 



rubricapilla 446, 448, 470 



gutturalis 448, 



470,471 

 rubricapilla 448, 468 



ruficapilla 469,471 



gutturalis 471 



virginise 448, 471, 473 



Helminthotherus 426, 438 



swainsoni 438 



vermivorus 441 



Helmintophila chrysoptera 451 



lueise 474 



pinus 468 



ruficapilla 469 



virginite 473 



Helmithera 438 



Helmitheros 428,438 



bachmani 459 



carbonata 541 



celata 464 



celatus 464 



chrysoptera 450 



migratorius 438, 441 



peregrina 461 



protonotarius 445 




INDEX. 



807 



Page 



Helmitheros rubricapilla 470 



rubrioapillus 470 



solitarius 458 



swainsoni 438 



vermivorus 439 



Helmitherus 438 



blanda 649 



swainsoni. 



swamsonii 438 



vermivorus 441 



Helonaea 436 



Helonaea 436 



swainsoni 438 



Hemidacnis 377 



Hemispingus 2, 4'26, 777 



Hemithraupis 2, 3, 55, 105, 106, 777 



chrysomelas 106 



Henicoeiclila 634 



auricapilla 638 



ludovieiana 641 



major 641 , 642 



motacilla 641 



noveboracensis 645, 647 



sulphurascens 645 



Hepatic Tanager 84 



liepatiea, Phoenicosoma 86 



Piranga.... 76,77,84,86 



Pyranga 84, 85, 86, 87 



hepatica, var 86 



hepaticum, Phoenicosoma 86 



herminieri, Anthus 645 



Hermit Warbler 567 



Heterospingus _ 3, 103 



rubrifrons 103,104,105 



xanthopygius ' 103, 104 



Hidalgo Yellow-throat 685 



hippocrepis, Sturnella 366, 364, 368, 781 



ludovieiana 368 



magna, c 368 



subsp 368 



var 368 



Sturnus 364,368 



hippocrepus, Sturnella 781 



hirundinacea, Euphonia. . . 10, 11, 25, 27, 28, 29, 776 



Phonasca 27 



Holoquiscalus 170, 172, 174, 222, 224, 234 



brachypterus 224, 225, 228, 229 



caymanepsis 225, 229 



f ortirostris 225, 229, 230 



guadeloupensis 225, 226, 232 



gundlachii 222, 224, 226, 227 



inflexirostris 225, 226, 230, 231 



insularis 225,232 



jamalcensis 224, 227, 779 



lugubris 224,225 



lumlnosus 225, 226, 232, 233 



martinicensis 225, 226, 231, 232 



niger 224,228,779 



rectirostris 226,233 



holosericeus, Amblycercus 193, 194, 195 



Caoicus 194 



Cassicus 195 



Sturnus 194 



Honey Creeper, Blue 386 



Northern Green 383 



Shining 389 



Page. 



Honey Creepers 374, 377 



-eaters 375 



Hooded Oriole 287 



Tanager 52 



Warbler J05 



Yellow-throat 685 



hoopesi, Sturnella magna 356, 361, 362 



Hudsonian Thrush 248 



hudsonius, Turdus 248 



humeralis, Agelseus 343 



Agelaius 320,323,343 



Icterus 343 



Leistes - 343 



humillH, Acroleptes 24 



Euphonia 24 



minuta 10,11,23,24 



Phonasca 24 



Hyphantes 255 



abeillei .' 319 



baltimore -■ 314 



baltiraorensis 314 



buUockii 317 



costototl 289,319 



xanthomus 344 



Hypobletis 205 



hypochrysea, Dendrceca palmarum 614, 616 



b 616 



subspe- 

 cies. 616 

 Dendroica palmarum . 508,615,616 



hypomelas. Icterus 268,263,271,272 



dominicensis, var 272 



Pendulinus 272 



Xanthomus 272 



Hypophaea 8 



hypophaeus, Chlorospingus 157, 159, 167, 779 



Hypothimis azurea 573 



Hypothymis mexicana 478 



I. 



Icteria 426,428,430,691 



auricoUia 695 



dumicola 695 



fernandinae 649 



fornsii 650 



francescae 701 



longicauda 696 



pelzelni 698 



sallaei 702 



velasquezi 695 



velasquezii 696 



venustus 700 



VJens 693,694,697 



a. virens 694 



b. longicauda 696 



^. longicauda 696 



longicauda 691, 695, 696 



var, longicauda 696 



virens 691,692 



viridis 694,696 



Icteric 430 



Icteridse 169,171 



Icterioides 255 



icterocephala, Callispiza 39 



Calliste 38 



Calospiza 36,37 




808 



INDEX. 



Page. 



ieterocephala, Chrysothraupis 39 



Dendroeca 592 



Dendroica 592 



Mniotil ta 592 



Motacilla 691 



Sylvia 591, 592 



Sylvlcola 592 



icterocephalus, Agelaius 349 



Icterus 346,349 



Oriolus 319,321 



Xanthocephalus 349 



icteronotna, Cassiculus 189 



Cassicus 189 



- Ramphoceles 114 



Ramphocelus . . . 108, 109, 112, 118, 114 



Ram'phoccelus 114 



Ramphopis 114 



Rhamphocelus 114 



Rhamphoccelus 114 



icterotis, Geothlypis caninucha 691 



Icterus 172, 174, 255 



abeillaei 319 



abeillei 261, 262, 318, 319 



abeillii 319 



agripennis 374 



americanus 353 



atrogularis 307 



audubonii 281,282 



auratus 260, 261, 299, 300, 302, 780 



auricapillus 255 



bairdi 260,305 



baltimore 313, 314, 780 



baltimorensis 314 



baltimorus 314 



bonana 258,279,280 



bonanse 280 



bonariensis 203 



bullocki 317, 318 



var. abeillei 319 



var. bullocki 318 



bullookii 261, 262, 263, 314, 316, 317 



castaneus 278 



cristatus 185 



cucullatus 259, 



261 , 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293 



cozumelse 259, 292 



cucullatus 212, 



259,262,287,289 



duplexus 259, 292, 293 



igneus 259, 263, 291 , 292 



nelsoni 259, 263, 290, 779 



sennetti 259,263,289,290 



subsp. ignea 292 



subsp. nelsoni 291 



typica 289 



var. cucullatus 289,290,291 



curacaoensis 303 



curasoeusis 303 



diadematus 192 



dives 254,779 



dominioeusis 258, 2^3, 268, 271, 273, 274 



var. dominicensis 274 



var. hypomelas 272 



var. portoricensis 273 



var. prosthemela.<i 270 



var. wagleri 269 



Page. 



Icterus dubusi 301,303 



emberizoides 210 



espiiiachi 284 



formosus 298 



f renatus 350 



galbula 261, 262, 263, 310, 312 



giraudi 294,295 



giraudii 269,262,293,294 



graduacauda 281 



graysoni 299 



graysonii 260, 262, 298, 299, 780 



gualanensis 269, 271, 295 



gubernator 329 



guianensls 353 



gularis 258,261,285,286,287 



flammeus 287 



gularis 258,284,286 



tamaulipensis 258, 286, 287 



yucatanensis 259, 287 



guttulatus 283,284 



hnmeralis 343 



(Hyphantes) bullockii 317 



hypomelas 257, 263, 271, 272 



icterocephalus 346, 349 



icterus 2.57,263,264 



laudabilis 258,274,275 



lawrencei 305 



lawrencii 260,304,305 



leucopteryx 260, 261, 286, 303, 304 



longirostris 264 



maculi-alatus 257, 265, 266 



maxillaris 205 



melanicterus 190, 192 



melanocephalus 258, 281, 283 



auduboni 282 



audubonii . . 258, 261, 282 



melanocephalus 258, 



261,262,280 



subsp. typica 281 



var. auduboni 282 



var. melanoceph- 

 alus 281 



melanochrysura 310 



melanopterus 296 



mentalia 286,298 



mesomelas 260,306,807,308 



mesomelas 260,305,307 



salviiji 308 



salvinii 260, 307, 308 



taezanowskii 307 



mexicanus 286,302 



nelsoni 291 



niger 228,779 



nigerrimns 344, 346 



nigrogularis 302 



northropi 257, 262, 266,267 



oberi 257, 263, 265 



parisiorum 260, 261, 262, 808, SIO 



parisorum 255 



pecoris 209 



pectoralis 258,283,284 



espiuachi 258, 284 



pectoralis 258, 283 



personatus 304 



phoeniceus 332 



phoeniceus 332 




INDEX. 



809 



Page. 



Icterus phoniceus 332 



portorieensis 258,263,272,273 



prosthemelas .... 257, 258, 259, 269, 270, 295 



pustulatus 260, 262, 295, 296, 297, 298 



salvini 308 



salvinii 308 



sclateri 260, 262, 296, 297 , 298, 780 



formosus 298 



scottil 310 



serieeus 212 



spurius 258, 275, 276, 278, 779 



tricolor 326,389 



varius 278 



viresoens 272, 282 



vulgaris 264 



wagleri 266, 267, 262, 267 , 268, 269 



castfineopectus 269 



xanthoeeplialus 346, 348 



xanthomus 319,344 



xanthornu.s 260,302 



a. xanthomus , . . . 302 



p.limiEei 302 



curacaoensis 303 



curasoensis 260, 



261,263,303 



var. a. dubusi 301, 303 



var. jS. marginalis 303 



xanthomus.. 260,261,263,300 



xanthorus *. 302 



icterus. Icterus 257, 263, 264 



Oriolus 256, 264 



Idiotes 738 



ignea, Icterus cucullatus, suhsp 292 



igneus. Icterus cucullatus 259, 263, 291, 292 



ignicapilla, Phoenicothraupis 145 



Tanagra 145 



ignota, Dendrceca 615 



Dendroica 615 



Geothlypis trichas. . . 655, 658, 660, 667 , 668 



Iliolopha 8 



imthunui, Agelaius 321 



incana, JIniotilta 576 



Motacilla 576 



Sylvia 576 



incompta., Geothlypis 657, 659, 677 



incompta 657 



inexpectata, Sturnella magna. . . 356, S64, 365, 781 



inexpectatus, Ramphocelus 108, 114 



Khamphocoelus 114 



inexspectata, Sturnella magna 365 



inflexirostris, Holoquiscalus 225, 230, 231 



Quiscalus 230, 231, 232, 233 



inornata, Calospiza 35, 37, 61 



Compsothlypis 488,489 



pitiayumi ..480,488,489 



Mniotilta 489 



Paru a 488,489 



pitiayumi, subsp 488 



var 488,489 



Sylvicola 451 



inornatus, Compsothlypis 489 



insularls, Compsothlypis 492, 493 



pitiayami 480,492 



Holoquiscalus 225,232 



Parula 492,493 



pitiayumi 493 



var 492,493 



Page. 



insularis, Phsenicothraupis salvini 152 



Phcenicothraupis 152 



Quiscalus 225 



intermedia, Certhiola 407 



■ Coereha chloropyga 408 



Setophaga 733 



Irazil Warbler 476 



Iridophanes 2, 391 



pulcherrima 2 



Island Ant Tanagpr 162 



isthmicus, Ramphocelus dimidiatus. 109,118,778 



Ixothraupis 34 



guttulata 42 



J. 



Jacapa 107 



jacapa, Tanagra 107 



Jalapa Yellow-throat 673 



Jalisco Warbler 765 



Jamaica, Euphonia 31, 32 



Fringilla 31 



Pyrrhuphonia 31,32 



jamaicse, Euphonia 32 



Jamaican Eananaquit 414 



Euphonia 31 



Grackle 227 



Oriole 303 



Spindalis 64 



Yellow Warbler 515 



jamaicensis, Euphonia 32 



Holoquiscalus 224, 227, 779 



Sturnus 222, 227 



Jcteria 691 



dumicola 695 



viridis 694 



jouyi, Basileuterus rufifrons 741, 746, 748 



Jouy's Warbler -. 746 



jugularis, Turdus 278 



junceti, Sturnus 211 



K. 



Kaup's Redstart 733 



Kentucky Warbler 622 



kirtlandi, Dendrceca 605 



Dendroica 604, 605 



Mniotilta C05 



kirtlandii, Dendrceca 605 



Dendroica 507, 603, 604 



Sylvicola 604 



Kirtland's Warbler 603 



L. 



labradorides, Tanagra ( Aglaia) 35 



labradorius, Turdus 248 



lachrymosa, Basileuterus 737 



Euthlypis 736, 737, 738 



lachrymosa 736 



Setophaga 737,738 



laf resnay ei, Uncirostrum 878 



Lafresn&ye's Tanager 96 



Lampropsar 174 



dives 253,254,779 



guianensis 212 



laniirostris, Euphonia 27, 28, 29, 776 



Phonasca 29 



Lanio , 3,122 



aurantius 122,128,124,778 




810 



INDEX. 



Page. 

 Lanio auritus 104 



leucothorax 123, 1 24, 125, 126 



melanopygius 126 



melanopygius 123,125,126 



tenuiiostria 134 



larvata, CaUiste 49,51 



Calospiza 37 



larvata, 37 47 



Myiarchusscicapa 732 



larvatus, Tatao 49 



latifasciata, Piranga leucoptera 79, 101, 777 



laudabilis. Icterus 268, 274, 275 



lavinia, CaUiste 47, 49 



Calospiza 36,4fl,776 



lavinia;, CaUiste 47, 49 



Lavinia's Tanager 46 



lawrencei, Helminthopliaga 453 



Helminthophila 453 



Icterus 305 



Lawrence's Cacique l'^8 



Tanager 104 



Warbler 452 



lawrencii, Helmintliopliaga 463 



Helminthophila 447, 462, 453 



Icterus 260, 304, 305 



Leistes 170, 171, 172, 175, ,^50 



erythrothorax 353 



guianensis 781 



humeralis 343 



miUtaris 351,353 



supercUiaris 353 



Lesser Abaco Yellow-throat 677 



Bronzed Cowbird 204 



lessoni, Pendulinus 271 



Xanthornus 271 



Lesson's Euphonia 21 



Oriole 269 



leucoblepharus, Basileuterus _. 740 



leucobronchialis, Helminthophaga 455 



Helminthophila 447, 



453,454,466,466 



leucocephalus, Oriolus 248 



leucogastra, Sylvia 470 



leucogenys, Dacnis 391 



leucomus, Myiarchusscicapa 729 



Leucopeza 428, 429, 619, 650 



bishopi 619,620 



semperi 650, 651 



leucophrys, Basileuterus 740 



Chlorospingus 157,161, 



Tanagra 161 



leucoptera, Piranga 76, 78, 101 



leucoptera 79, 99 



Pyranga 101 



Pyrrota 132 



Sylvia 546 



leucopterus, Oriolus 129, 132 



Tachyphonus 132 



leucopteryx. Icterus 260, 261, 286 



Pendulinus 304 



Psarocolius 304 



leucopygius, Basileuterus 740, 767, 758 



semicervinus 742, 



757,768 



leuoorhamphus, Cacicus 187,188 



leucothorax, Lanio 123, 124, 125, 126 



Page. 



leucotis, Parus ''^ 



I'herminieri, Anthus ^^ 



Seiurus ^^ 



Lichtenstein's Oriole 284 



Warbler '53 



Ligea 651 



palustris 661, 652 



Ligia 651 



palustris 652 



Mmatus, Ramphocelusdimidiatus... 109,119,778 



Ehamphocelus ". . . 119 



Hnnaii, Icterus xanthornus, /3 302 



Xanthornus 302 



littoralis, Phaenicothraupis salvini 143, 144 



Phoenicothraupis 150 



livida, Pyranga 83 



longicauda, Icteria 696 



virens 691,695,696 



b 696 



$ 696 



var 696 



longipes, Agelaus 360 



Xanthocephalus 350 



longirostris, Agelaius 264, 338 



phoeniceus 338,341 



Ccereba 386 



Cyanerpea cseruleus — 386 



Icterus 264 



Mniotilta 436 



varia, var 436 



Pendulinus 264 



Long-tailed Chat 696 



Warbler J48 



Louisiana Tanager 91 



Water Thrush •. 639 



Loxia virginica 81, 83 



Incise, Helminthophaga 474 



Helminthophila 446, 473, 474 



Helmintophila 474 



Mniotilta 474 



luciani, Ramphocelus 108, 109, 115 



Ehamphocelus 116 



Rhamphocoelus 116 



Rhamphopis 116 



Tanagra (Ehamphocelus) 116 



lucida, Arbelorhina 390 



Ccereba 390 



lucidus, Cyanerpes 385, 386, 389, 390 



luctuosa, Pyranga 134 



luctuosug, Tachyphonus 130, 132, 133, 134, 135 



Lucy's Warbler 473 



ludoviciana, Enicocichla 641 



Henicocichla 641 



Motacilla 483 



Hranga 76, 77, 78, 91 , 94, 777 



Pyranga 93 



Sturnella ... 359, 361, 363, 364, 366, 368 



Sylvia 483 



Tanagra 93 



ludovicianum, Phoenicosoma 96 



ludovioianus, Oriolus 218 



Seiurus 638,641 



Siurus 641 



StUmus 359,361,363,364,366 



Turdus 641 



lugubris, Chaloopjianes 229 




INDEX. 



811 



Page. 



lugubris, Holoquiscalus 225 



Quiscalus 225, 229, 231 



luminosus, Holoquiscalus 225, 232, 233 



Quiscalus 231,233 



luteicapilla, Euphonia 10, 11, 20, 21 



Phonasca 21 



luteicapillus, Acroleptes 21 



luteola, Certhidea 762, 7(14, 765 



ollvacea 765 



Certhiola 407,410,412,781 



Coereba 399, 40G, 407, 416, 782 



eliloropyga 408 



Luteous Yellow-tliroat 678 



lutescens, Helminthophiia 467 



celata.... 448,460,467 



b 467,468 



p 467 



Tar 467 



Lutescent Warbler 4G6 



luteus, Ampelis 695 



M. 



macgilllvraii, Geothlypis 633 



macgillivrayi, Geothlypis 632, 633 



Geothlypis Philadelphia 633 



b . . 633 

 p... 633 

 var. 633 



Sylvia 632 



Sylvieola 632 



Trichas 632 



macgillivrayii, Geothlypis 633 



Myiarchuscgillivray's Warbler 631 



Myiarchuscragleeus 174 



macropoB, Sylvia 545 



maeropus, Mniotilta 545 



maeroura, Quiscalus 240 



macrourus, Chalcophanes 240 



Megaquiscalus major 235, 236, 



. • 237,238 



Quiscalus 239,242 



major, var 240 



Scaphidurus major 240 



macrurus, Quiscalus 237, 240 



major 241 



var 240,241 



maculata, Certhia 435 



maculatus, Oxyglossus 431, 435 



maculi-alatus, Icterus 257, 265, 266 



Pendulinus 266 



maculosa, DendrcBca; 536 



Dendroica 497, 498, 502, 532, 535 



Mniotilta 535 



Motacilla 535 



Sylvia,. 535 



Sylvieola 536 



maculoaus, Khimamphus 535 



Ehimanphus 535 



magna, Alauda 353, 369, 361, 362, 364 



Sturnella 359, 361 , 362, 363, 364, 368 



magna 356,367,359,360,363 



b 359 



var 369 



magnirostris, Certhiola 408 



CcEreba chloropyga 408 



magnolia, Sylvia 536 



Myiarchusgnolia Warbler 532 



Page, 



major, Certhiola 408,781 



Chalcophanes 238 



Coereba chloropyga 408 



Enicocichla 642 



Henicocichla 641, 642 



Megaquiscalus 236 



major 235,230 



Quiscalus 233, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243 



major, var 238 



Scaphidurus major 238 



majuscula, Certhiola 399 



Myiarchuslaconotus rubiginosus 4 



Myiarchusnakin, Blue 393 



Myiarchusngrove Warbler 530 



marcomi, Dendroeca 512 



marginalis. Icterus xanthornus, var. /3 303 . 



marilandica, Sylvia 663 



Trichas 663, 666, 668, 671 



marilandicus, Trichas 663, 670 



maritima, Certhiola 540 



Mniotilta 540 



Sylvia 539 



Sylvieola 639, 540 



maritimus, Khimamphus 540 



Myiarchusroon-headed Tanager 4i» 



martinica, Certhiola 422 



martinicana, Certhiola 420, 422, 782 



Coereba 400,421,422 



martinicensis, Certhiola 422 



Holoquiscalus 225, 231, 232 



Myiarchusrtinique Bananaquit : 421 



Grackle 231 



Oriole 279 



Yellow Warbler 526 



Myiarchusryland Yellow-throat 601 



marylandica, Sylvia 663 



Trichas 663, 666, 668, 670, 671 



marylandicus, Trichas 670, 671 



maxillaris. Icterus 205 



maximus, Xanthornus : 186 



maynardi, Geothlypis 656, 659, 661, 676 



Geothlypis tanneri 667 



Myiarchusynard's Yellow-throat 676 



mcgillivrayi, Geothlypis 663 



Meadowlark 367 



, Central American 364 



Cuban 368 



Mexican 362 



Southern 360 



Texas 361 



Western 365 



Megaquiscalus 172, 174, 223, 224, 233 



major 235 



assimilis 236, 237 



graysoni 285, 236, 241 



macrourus. 235,236,237,238 



major 235,236 



nelsoni 236, 236, 242 



obscurus 236, 236, 241 



nicaraguensis 224, 234, 236, 236, 244 



tenuirostris 234,235,236,243 



melaleucus, Tachyphonus 778 



melanicterus, Cacicus 192 



Cassiculus 191, 192 



Cassicus 192 



Icterus 190, 192 



Psarocolius 192 




812 



INDEX. 



Page. 



melanocephaJus, Icterus 258, 281, 283 



melanocephalus, 258, 



261, 280 



var. 281 



Psarocolius 255, 281 , 2«3 



Xanthornus 281,283 



melanochrysura. Icterus 310 



Melanodiglossa 378 



melanogaater, Ramphocelus 108, 109, 116 



Ramphopis 116 



melanogenys, Basileuterus 740, 742, 751, 752 



melanoleucus, Oriolus 131 



Tachyphonus 131, 132 



Melanophantes 319 



melanops, Geothlypis 674 



trichas 656,658, 



661,670,678,674 



y 674 



var 674 



Melanopsar 255 



melanopsis, Psarocolius 272 



melanoptera, Dendroeca 524 



petechia 524 



var 624 



Dendroica petechia 524 



S 524 



Tanagra 60 



palmarum ... 55, 58, 59, 60 



melanopterus. Icterus 295 



Xanthornus 295 



melanopygius, Lanio 123, 125, 126 



leacothorax 126 



melanorrhoa, Mniotilta 578 



Sylvia 578 



melanotis, Basileuterus 742, 752, 763 



bivittatus 753 



Meliphagldae 375,376 



mentalis, Certhidea 762, 766 



olivacea 766 



Icterus 286, 298 



meridionalis, Myiodioctes 704 



Sturnella 353 



Merula merula 771 



merula, Merula 771 



mesochrysus, Basileuterus 740, 750, 751 



delattrii 761 



rufifrons 742, 750 



mesomelas. Icterus 260, 306, 308 



mesomelas 260, 805, 307 



Psarocolius 306 



Xanthornus 306 



Mexican Ant Tanager 144 



Bananaquit 409 



Cacique 191 



Chlorophonia 6 



Diglossa 380 



Meadowlark 362 



Oropendola 178 



Rice Grackle 199 



Shrike-Tanager 12S 



Thrush-Warbler 772 



mexicana, Cassidix oryzivbra 197, 199, 200 



Certhiola 407,410,781 



mexicana, a 410 



Ccereba 399, 401, 407, 409, 410, 782 



chlorophyga 408 



mexicana, Coerebra '82 



Compsothlypis 478 



Hypothymis 478 



Parula 478 



Sturnella 362,363 



ludoviciana 363,364 



magna 355, 



366,361,862,363,364 



d 363 



subsp 363,364 



mexicanus, Cassidix 200 



Corvus 200 



(Cassidix) 196,200 



Icterus 286,302 



Oriolus 286,302,304 



Quiscalus 231, 251, 265 



Scolecophagus 261 



Zarhynehus wagleri 178 



microcephala, Sylvania 710 



Wilsonia 704,709 



Myiarchuscroligea 428,430,651 



palustris 652 



microrhyncha, Coereba coerulea 385 



Geothlypis nelsoni .. 660,661,685 



microrhynchus, Cacicus 188, 189, 190 



Cassiculus 190 



Cassicus 190 



migratorius, Helmitheros 438, 441 



militaris, Agelalus 363 



Emberiza 350, 353 



Tanagra 353 



Myiarchusmidae 2,426,427 



miniata, Setophaga 732,733 



miniatus, Myioborus miniatus 731, 785 



minor, Certhiola 408,781 



Oriolus 210 



minuta, Euphonia 9, 24 



Myiarchusscicapa 709 



Phyllopneuste 610 



Setophaga 709 



Sylvania 709 



Sylvia 610, 709, 760 



Sylvicola 610 



Wilsonia 709 



minutus, Myiodioctes 709 



Mlrador Ground-Chat 689 



misisippica, Tanagra 81 



missisippensis, Pyranga 81 



mississippiensls, Tanagra 81, 83 



missuriensis, Sylvicola 462 



mitrata, Motacilla 703, 706, 707 



Myiodioctes 707, 708 



SetoJ)haga 707 



Sylvania 707 



Sylvia 707 



Wilsonia 704,705,707 



mitratus, Myiidioctes 708 



Myioctonus 708 



Myiodioctes 707,708 



Myiarchustrospingus „ 4, 167 



cassini 169 



Mniotilta 428,481,498 



aestiva 510 



americana 483, 485, 486 



auduboni 653 



aurantia 576 




INDEX. 



813 



Pago. 



Mniotilta anricollis 445 



bachmanl 459 



blackbnrniEe 576 



borealis 435 



CEerulea 573 



canadensis 543 



eapitalis 526 



carbonata 541 



carolinensis 612 



castanea 694 



celata 464 



chrysopareia 567 



chrysoptera 460 



citrea 443 



cterulerx 573 



ccerulescens 544 



eoronata 549, 784 



discolor 609 



dominica 580 



eoa 532 



fonnosa 624 



graeise 586 



gundlachi 521 



gutturalis 477 



icterooephala 692 



Incana 576 



inornata 489 



kirtlandi 605 



longirostris 436 



luciae 474 



macropus 545 



maculosa 636 



maritima 540 



melanorrhoa 578 



montana 7S4 



nigrescens 558 



occidentalis 669 



olivacea 496 



palmarum 613 



pannosa 545 



parus 578 



pennsylvanica 691 



peregriiia 461 



petechia 516, 616 



pharetra '. 619 



pinus 457, 601 



pityophila 606 



rara 573 



rnbricapilla 470 



ruficapilla 469 



rufigula 527 



solitaria 458 



striata 597 



superciliosa 478, 581 



swainsoni 438 



tiKniata 496 



tigrina 538 



townsendi 561 



varia 432,434,783,784 



a. varia 435 



b. borealis 436 



borealis 435,436 



Tar. longirostris 436 



virens 664 



virginiaj 473 



Mniotiltae 428 



I'age. 



Mniotiltidse 2, 375, 377, 425, 426, 427, 428 



Mniotiltinffi 428 



modesta, Geothlypis trichas 656, 658, 660, fi72 



Molobrus 205 



pecoris 209, 779 



Mol othri 174 



Molothrus 170, 172, 174, 205 



aeneus 202,203,204,205 



armenti 201 



ater 207,208,209 



ater 207 



obscurus 207, 210, 211 



var. obscurus 211 



atronitens 206, 207, 211 , 212, 779 



a tro-nitens 212 



badius 205,206,207 



bonariensis 206, 212 



discolor 212 



fringillarius 206, 207 



obscurus 210 



pecoris 209,211 



siibsp. obscura 211 



typica 210 



^■ar. obscurus 210, 211 



robustus 203 



rufo-axillaris 205, 206, 207 



sericeus 212 



montana, Buthraupis 33 



Deudroeca 785 



Dendroeca 784 



Dendroica 784,785 



Mniotilta 784 



Sylvia 784 



Sylvicola 781 



moiitezuma, Cacicus 178,181 



Gymnostinops 379, 180,181 



Ostinops 181 



Montezuma Orpeodola 180 



montezumse, Cactus 181 



Cassicus 181 



Gymnostinops 181 



Ostinops 181 



Montserrat Oriole 265 



morcomi, Dendroica sestiva 513 



Motacilla oequinoctialis 690 



sestiva 610, 513, 614, 516, 518, 521 



albicollis 516, 521 



americana 482 



aurantia 576 



anricollis 445 



aurocapilla 634,637 



bananivora 412 



blackbnrnise 576 



caerulescens 543 



campestris 425 



canadensis 510, 543, 551, 638 



carolinensis 512 



cayana 390, 393, 396 



ehloroleuca 617 



chrysocephala 576 



chrysoptera 445, 450 



cincta 551 



citrea 442,443 



eoronata 496,497,548 



cyanocephala 394 



dominica 580 




814 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Motacilla eques 483 



flavieauda 727 



flaTicollls 681 



flavifrons 451 



fusca 576 



icterocephala 591 



incana 576 



ludoviciana 483 



maculosa 535 



mitrata 703,706,707 



multicolor 728 



nffivia 643 



novEeboracensis 645 



noveboracensis -■ 643 



palmarum 613 



pensilis 581 



pensilvanica 591 



pensylvanlca 590 



petecMyiarchus ... 512,516,618,520,521,524,526 



pileolata 712 



pinguis 551 



pinus 457 



protonotarius 445 



rubiginosa 514 



ruflcapilla 519, 524, 527, 628 



rutieilla 725 



striata 597 



superciliosa 581 



tigrina 497, 538, 786 



trichias 663 



trieclora 728 



trochilus 512 



umbria 551 



varia 431,433 



vermivora 438 



virens 663 



motacilla, Henicocichla 641 



Seiurus 635, flS9, 640 



Siurus 640,641 



Turdus 640,646 



Motacillidse 425 



Mourning Warbler 628 



Myiarchuss. Wilson's Tanager 49 



Myiarchusgeres Oriole 292 



multicolor, Motacilla 728 



Spindalis 63,64,67,68 



Tanagra 68 



Myiarchusscicapa belli 743 



bivittata 753 



bonapartii 719 



brasieri 755 



brasierii 765 



canadensis 717 



cncullata 708 



derhamii 733,785 



de-rhamii 785 



larvata 732 



leucomus 729 



minuta 709 



pileata 708 



pnsilla 710, 713 



rubra 76, 80, 81 



rubrifrons 719, 721 



rutieilla 722, 726 



selbii 708 



striata 597 



(Sylvania) rutieilla 726 



Page. 



Myiarchusscicapa viridis 631, 694 



vulnerata 733 



wilsonii 711 



Myiarchusscicapidse 427 



musica, Cyanophonia 15 



Euphona 14 



Euphone 14 



Euphonia 8,9,10,18,14 



Pipra 8,14,16 



Tanagra 14 



Myiidioctes 785 



mitratus 708 



pusillns 711, 714 



Myioborus 431,730,735,736 



albif rons 731 



aurantiaeus 731, 733 



brunneiceps 731 



castaneicaplUus 731 



miniatus flammeus 731, 733 



miniatus 731, 785 



lorquatus 731, 735 



verticalis 731 



Myioctonus 703 



fomiosus 624 



mitratus 708 



pusillus 714 



Myiodioctes 703 



bonapartii 719 



caerulcicens 719 



canadensis 717, 718 



formosa 624 



formosus 624 



meridionalis 704 



minu tus 709 



mitrata 707 



mitratus 707, 708 



pardaliua 719 



pileolatns 715 



pusilla 711 



pusillus 711,713,714,716 



.». pusillus 711,714 



/3. pileolata 715 



/3. pileolatus 712 



plleolatus 713,716 



var. pileolata 712,715 



var. pileolatus. . 712,713,715 



var. pusillus 711,714 



wilsonii 711 



Myiothlypis 740 



Myodiootes mitrata 708 



pardalina 719 



Myrtle Warbler 546 



mystacalis, Dlglossa 378,379 



mystaceus, Regulus 663 



N. 



naevia, Motacilla 643 



nseviua, Seiurus 643 



Siurus 643,647 



Nashville Warbler 468 



nashvillei, Sylvia 470 



Nassau Pine Warbler 602 



Neotarinia bicolor 394 



caeruliocephala 394 



cyanea 388 



cyanocephnla 894 



flaveola 413,422,782 




INDEX. 



815 



Page. 



Nectarinia varia 435 



neglecta, Sturnella 355, 366, 365, 366, 781 



ludoviciana 367,368 



var 366 



magna 367 



var 367 



iielsoni, Geothlypis 653 



nelsoni 660, 661, «86 



Icterus 291 



cucullatus 259, astO, 779 



subsp 291 



Megaquisculus major 235,236,242 



Phoenioothraupis rubiea 142, 145 



Scaphidurus major 243 



Nelson's Ant Tanager 145 



Oriole 2il0 



Nemosia 106 



rnficapilla 105 



Neornis 423 



caerulea 423, 425 



Nesopsar 175, 344 



nigerrimus 345, 346 



Nesospingus 4,156 



speeuliferus 156, 157 



neutialis, Agelalus phoeniceus 323, 



324,339,341,780 



newtoni, Certhiola 417 



Ccereba 400,416,417 



New York Thrush 248 



Nicaraguan Ant Tanager 150 



Grackle 244 



nicaraguensis, Megaquiscalus . - . 234, 235, 236, 244 



Quiscalus 244 



Scaphidurus 244 



nidipendulus, Oriolus 304 



niger, Agelaius 228 



Holoquiscalus 224, 228, 779 



Icterus 228,779 



Oriolus 196,222,228,779 



Quiscalus 228 



baritu.s var 228 



Scolecophagus 248 



nigerrimus, Agelseus 346 



Agelaius 346 



Amblycercus 195 



Cassicus 192,195 



Icterus 344,345 



Nesopsar 345,346 



Psarocolius . . '. 195 



nigresceus, Dendroeca 569 



Dendroica 503, 504, 556, 568, 568 



Mniotilta 568 



Rhimanphus 558 



Sylvia 658 



Sylvicola 558, 559 



Vermivora 658 



nigricephala, Spindalis 63, 64, 65 



Tanagra 62,65 



nigrifrons, Dendroica .' 565, 556 



auduboni 503,655 



nigrilora, Compsothl ypis 491 



pitiayumi 480, 490 



Parula 490,491 



pitiayumi 491 



var 491 



nigripes, Daenis 394 



nigro-cinctft, Setophaga 719 



Page. 



nigrocristatus, Trichas 740 



nigrogularis, Icterus 302 



Xanthornus 302 



nitens, Quiscalus 216 



nitida, Arbelorhina 386 



Coereba 386 



nitidissimus, Tachyphonus 130,135, 136 



nitidus, Cyanerpes 386 



niveiventris, Dendrceca 570 



Northern Green Honey Creeper 383 



Parula Warbler 484 



Eed-wlng 338 



Yellow-throat 664 



northropi. Icterus 257, 266, 262, 267 



Northrop's Oriole 266 



Northwestern Red-wing 341 



uotabilis, Seiurus noveboracensis 635, 



642, 643, 645, 647, 648 



Siurus nsevius 647 



novaeboracensis, Motacilla 645 



Seiurus 645 



Seiurus 642,645,647 



Turdus (Seiurus) 645 



noveboracensis, Curruca biS 



Enicocichla 645 



Henicocichla 645, 647 



Motacilla 643 



Seiurus 644 



Seiurus 634, 



635, 643, 644, 646, 647 



noveboracensis 635, 



642.646,785 



Siurus 642,644,647 



Sylvia 643 



Turdus 248,643 



(Seiurus) 643 



novicius, Chlorospingus 778, 779 



O. 



Oaxaca Ant Tanager 147 



oberi. Icterus 257, 265 



obscura, Helminthophaga celata, var 465 



Helminlhophila celata 465 



subsp 465 



Molothrus pecoris, subsp 211 



obscurus, Megaquiscalus major 235,236,241 



Molothrus 210 



ater 207,210,211 



var 211 



pecoris, var 210,211 



Quiscalus macrourus 241 



Scaphidurus major 241 



Sturnus 210 



occiden talis, Dendrceca 669 



Dendroica 604, 567, 569 



Geothlypis trichas 655, 656, 



658, 660, 666, 668, 670, 671, 672, 674 



Mniotilta 569 



Sylvia 569 



Sylvicola 669 



occipitalis, Acrocompsa 6 



Chlorophonia 5, 6 



Euphonia 5 



Triglyphidia 6 



ochroohlota, Certhia 385 



ocularis, Helminthophaga rnficapilla, var. . 470 

 Ocyalus 169,172 




816 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Ocyalus wagleri 177, 178 



Old Providence Bananaquit 405 



olivaeea, Certhidea 761, 762, 763, 764, 766 



olivacea 764 



Chlorothraupis 1 54, 155, 778 



Deudroeca 496 



Dendroica 496 



Mniotilta 496 



PooMpiza 159, 161 



Sylvia 493,496 



Sylvicola 496 



olivaceus, Agrilorhinus 381 



Chloropingus 157, 158, 159, 161 



Chlorothraupis 778 



Orthogonys 155 



Peucedramus 403, 496 



Peucedromus 496 



Rhimamphus 496 



olivascens, Certhidea 768 



Tauagra 59 



Olive-crowned Chlorospingus 166 



Warbler 498 



ophthalmicus, Arremon 157,159,161 



Chlorospingus 158, 



159, 160, 161, 162, 165 



Pipilopsis 161,165 



Oporornis 429, 621, 634 



agilis 621, 622, 62o, 627, 631 



lormosa 446, 621 , 622, 625 



f ormosas 624 



formosus : . . 624 



Philadelphia 621, 622, 628 



tolmiei... 621,622,631 



varius 628 



Orange-browed Tanager 104 



-crowned Warbler -. 462 



Oriole 299 



Orangequit 424 



Orchard Oriole 276 



Oreomanes 375, 376, 377 



Oreothlypis 429,475 



gutturalis 475, 476, 477, 783 



superciliosa 475, 477, 478 



Oriole, Abeille's S18 



Alta Myiarchusra..'. 286 



Audubon's 282 



Baird's 305 



Baltimore 310 



Bar- winged 265 



Black-headed 280 



Brown-headed 209, 248 



Bullock's 314 



Cozumel 292 



Cuban 271 



Curasao SOS 



Espinach's 284 



Fiery 291 



Giraud's 293 



Grayson's 298 



Gualan 295 



Haitian 273 



Eangnest 304 



Hooded 287 



Jamaican 303 



Lesson's 269 



Lichtenstein's 284 



Page. 



Oriole, Myiarchusrtinique 279 



Montserrat 265 



Myiarchusgeres 292 



Nelson's 290 



Northrop's 266 



Orange 299 



Orchard 275 



Porto Rican 272 



St. Andrews 304 



Salvin's 307 



Santa Lucia 274 



Scarlet-headed 295 



Sclater's 297 



Scott's 308 



Sennett's 289 



Spotted-breasted 283 



Wagler's 287 



Yellow 300 



Yellow-tailed 305 



Yucatan 287 



Orioles 169 



Oriolidae 169 



Oriolus americanus 350, 3.53 



ater 205,208 



baltimore 255, 313 



bonana 255, 279 



capensis 278 



castaueus 278 



chrysocephalus 255 



citrius 185 



costototl 319 



cristatus 183, 185 



dominicensis 268, 271, 273 



ferrugineus 244, 247 



flavus 321 



fuscus 209,210,248 



guianensis 250, 253 



haemorrhous 186 



icterocephalus 319, 321 



icterus 255, 264 



leucocephalus 248 



leucopterus 129, 132 



ludovicianus 218 



melanoleucus 131 



mexicanus 286, 302, 304 



minor 210 



musicus 307 



nidipendulus 304 



niger 196, 22'2, 228, 779 



oryzivorus 197, 198 



phcenieeus 319,332,339 



spurius 255,278 



tricolor 314 



varius 278 



xanthornus 264, 302 



xanthorus 302 



Orizaba Yellow-throat 683 



orizy vera, Dolichonyx 373 



ornata, Tanagra ". 54,58 



Oropendola, Black 182 



Cassin's 181 



Crested 184 



Mexican 178 



Montezuma 180 



Wagler's 176 



Oropendolas 173 




INDEX. 



817 



Page. 



Orthpgonys olivaceus 155 



_jory?ivora, Gassidix 198,199,200 



,„ oryzivora 197 



Dolichonix 373 



Emberiza 373 



Frlngilla. 369,371 



oryzivonis, Dolichonyx 870, 372, 373, 781 



^' Oriolus 198 



Osbuni's. Blackbird 345 



Ostinops 172,183 



bifa^ciata 181 



cristatus 186 



decumanus 184, 185 



guatemozinus 182 



guatimozinus 182 



montezuma 181 



montezumae 181 



Ovcnbird 635 



Oxyglossus 431 



macnlatus 431, 435 



P. 



Pacific Yellow-throat :.. «;o 



Painted Redstart 728 



Guatemalan 720 



pallida, Eucometis spodocephala 138, 140, 141 



Palm Tanager 127 



Gray-crowned 128 



Warbler 812, 613 



Yellow 616 



palmarum, Arremon .■ 127 



Dendrceca 614, 616 



palmarum 614 



a 614 



Siibsp 614 , 



Dendroica .... 497, 498, 507, 613, 614, 616 



palmarum 608,612,614 



var 614 



Dulus 128 



Mniotilta 613 



PhEEnicophilus 127 



Phffiuicophilus 127, 12» 



Sylvia 613 



Sylvicola 613 



Tachyphonns 127 



Tanagra 60 



palmarum 59 



Thraupis 60 



Turdus 126, 127, 128 



palpebralis, Chamsethlypis poliocephala ... 687, 



689 



Goothlypis 689, 691 



(Chamsethlypis).... 689 



poliocephala 688 



palustri.s, Geothlypis • 652 



Ligea 651,652 



Myiarchuscroligea 652 



Quiscalus 238,242,243 



major, var 242 



Seaphiduru.s 242,243 



Sylvia 545 



Panama Crimson-backed Tanager 118 



Thrush- Warbler 770 



Yellow Warbler 527 



panamensis, Dendroeca petecbia, i 529 



pannosa, Dendrceca 545 



Mniotilta 545 



3654— VOL 2—01 52 



Page. 



pannosa, Sylvicola 54.> 



pardalina, Myiodioctes 719 



Myodioctes 719 



Sylvia 719 



Sylvicola 719 



parisiorum, Icterus 310 



parisorum. Icterus. . . 255, 260, 261, 2B2, 308, 310, 780 



Parula 478 



americana 482, 483, 485, 486 



brasiliana 487, 489 



gutturalis 470 



inornata 488,489 



insularis 492, 493 



mexicana 478 



nigrilora 490, 491 



pitiayumi 490, 492 



insularis 493 



nigrilora 491 



var. inornata 488, 489 



insularis 492,493 



nigrilora 491 



subsp. inornata 488 



superciliosa 478 



Warbler 481 



Beautiful 491 



Chiriqui 487 



Guatemalan 488 



Northern ■ 484 



Sennett's 490 



Tres Myiarchusrias 492 



Western 486 



Parulus 478 



Parus americauuH 478, 482, 485 



leucotis 760 



virginianus 551 



parus, Mniotilta 57i? 



Rhimamphus 578 



Sylvia 578 



Sylvicola 578 



Passerina discolor 212' 



pecoris 209 



passeriuii, Ramphocelus 108, 109, 110 



passeriiiii 777 



Ramphoctelus Ill 



Rhamphocelus Ill 



Rhamphocojlus Ill, 777 



Rhamphopis Ill 



Passerini's Tanager 10!> 



pecoris, Agelaus 209, 211 



Cassicus 779 



Emberiza 209 



Fringilla 205, 209 



Icterus 209 



Molobrus 209,779 



Molothrus ' 209, 211, 779 



Passerina 209 



Psarocolius 209, 211 



pectoralis, Diglossa 379 



Icterus 256,283,284 



pectoralis 258, 283 



Psarocolius 283 



Pcdotribes ; 350 



guiauensis 353 



pelzelni, Granatelhis 698 



Icteria 698 



pelzelnii, Granatellus 698 



Pendulinus 255 




818 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Penduliniis abeillii 319 



ater 248 



banana 280 



bonana 280 



calilornicns 297 



cucullatus 2X9, 290, 291 



dominicensis 274 



flavigaster 268, 274 



hypomelas 272 



lessoui 271 



leucopteryx 304 



longirostris 264 



maculi-alatus 266 



portoricensis 273 



prosthcmelas 271 



rufigaster 280 



spurius 278 



wagleri 269 



penicillata, Tanagra 138, 139 



Trifihothraupis 139 



penii!^ylvanica, Dendroeca 591 



Mniotilta 591 



Sylvia 591 



Vermivora 441 



Pensile Warbler 681 



pensilis, Dendroica 582 



Motacilla 581 



Rhimamphus 581, 582 



Rhimanphus 581 



Sylvia 581, 582 



Sylvieola 581, 582 



pensillis, Sylvieola 682 



pensilvanica, Motacilla 591 



pensylvanica, Dendrceca 591 



Dendroica 606, 589, 590, 591 



Motacilla 590 



Sylvia 690 



peregrina, Helinaia 461 



Helminthophaga 461 , 462 



Helminthophila 446, 44S, 4(>0, 462 



Mniotilta 461 



Sylvia 461 



Sylvieola 461 



(Vermivora) 461 



Vermivora 461 



peridentalis, DendrcEca 570 



Periporphyrus 1 



Perissoglossa 497, 498 



earbonata 641 



tigrina 539 



persicus, Cacicus 187 



Cassicus 189 



personata, Diglossa 379 



personatus, Agrilorhinns 378 



Icterus 304 



Triehas 653, 664, 666 



perspicillatus, Agelseus 350 



Psarocolius 350 



Xanthocephalus 350 



peruviana, Aglaia 44 



Certhiola 407 



Dendroeca petechia, g 623 



Tanagra 44 



peruvianus, Quiacalus 236 



petaaodeg, Sylvia 711 



petechia, Dendrceca 516,518,520,524,626 



Page. 



petechia, Dendroica 500,612,518,520,521,532 



petechia 500,515,520 



„ 516 



var 516 



Mniotilta 516,616 



Motacilla. . . 612, 516, 518, 520, 521, 524, 526 



Phyllopneuste 616 



Sylvia 516,616 



Sylvieola 618, 521, 614, 615 



Peteria viridis 694 



Peucedramus 428,429, 4!;3 



ol ivaceus 493, 496 



aurantiacus 495,496 



Peucedromus 493 



Phffinicophilus 1, 3, 1S>6 



palmarum 127 



polioeephalus 127, 12S 



Phsenicothraupis carmioli 155 



fuscicauda 149, 153 



rubicoides 145, 146 



vinaeea 145,146,147,778 



pharetra, Dendroeca 619 



Dendroica 497, 498, 508, 018, 619 



Mniotilta 619 



Sylvieola 619 



Philadelphia, Geothlypis 629,630,634 



Philadelphia, a .. 631 



u . . 630 



var 630 



631 



Oporornis 621, 622, 628 



Seiuras 631 



Sylvia 629,634 



Triehas 629 



Phlogothraupis 3,120 



sanguinolenta 120,121,778 



phocuiceus, Icterus 332 



Psarocoli us 332 



Phoenicosoma aestivum 83 



ardens 101 



bideutata 97 



bidentatum 98 



bivittata 101 



erythromelas 101 



hepatica 86 



hepaticum 86 



ludovicianum 95 



roseogulare 99 



rubra 91 



rubrum 91 



testaceum 87 



Phoenicothranpis carmioli 778 



fuscicauda ir,3, 778 



vinaeea 778 



Phoenisoma aestiva 83 



phoeniceus, Ageteus 329, 332, 333, 335, 



336. 337. 338. 310. 341. 342. 780 

 phoeniceus, a 341 



a 341 



Agelaius 330,332,333, 



336. 338. 339. 340. 342. 780. 781 

 phoeniceus 322, 



324,830,331,334 



var 332 



Agelaus 329 



Icterus 332 




INDEX. 



S19 



Page. 



phoeniceus, Oriolus 319, 332, 339 



phcenicius, Agelaius 330 



Phoenicophilus dominicensis 128 



palmarum 127,128 



poliocephalus 128 



Phoenicosoma 75 



aestiva 83 



erythromelas 101 



Phceni(;othraupi8 4, 141, 155 



carmioli 154,155 



erythrolaema ■. 153 



luscicauda 143, 144, 149, 150 



erythrolaema .. 153 



ignicapilla 145 



insularis 152 



littoralis 150 



rubica 142, 147 



affinis 142,143,147 



nelsoni 142,143,145 



roseus 143,147,148 



nibicoides. . . 142, 143, 144 



Yinacea 112, 143, 14« 



rubicoides 145,146,151,153 



affinis 147 



roseus 148 



rubious 149 



salvini 143,149,161 



discolor... 143,150,151 



insularis 143, 154 



littoralis.. 143,144,149 

 peninsularis .. 143,151 



salvini 143, 



148, 149, 778 



vinacea 146, 778 



Pbccnisoma 75 



rubra 91 



Phonasca 8 



afiinis '. 23 



fulvicrissa 19 



gnatho 27 



gracilis 20 



birundinacea 27 



humilis 24 



laniirostris 29 



luteicapilla 21 



phoniceus, Icterus 332 



Phyllopneuste canadensis 543 



minuta 610 



petechia 616 



rara 573 



Picta, Setophaga 722,723,728,729,730 



picta 723, 728 



pileata, Myiarchusscicapa 708 



Tanagra 106 



pilfeatus, Chlorospingus 157, 168, 165, 770 



pileolata, Motacilla 712 



Myiodioctes pusillua, ^ 715 



var 712,715 



Sylvania pusilla 713, 715 



Wilsonia pusilla ... 704, 705, 7 1 3, 713, 715 



Pileolated Warbler 712 



Golden 714 



pileolatus, Myiodioctes 715 



pusillus 713,715 



3 712 



var.. 712,713,715 



Page. 



pina, Dendroeca 601 



Helminthophaga 458 



Pine Creeper 456 



Warbler 599 



Abaco 603 



Nassau 002 



pinguis, Motacilla 551 



Sylvia 551 



Pink-headed Warbler 760 



pinus, Certbia 466 



Dendroeca 601, 602 



Dendroica 598, 601 



Helminthopaga 458 



Helminthophila . . 446, 447, 452, 454, 455, 468 



Helmintophila 468 



Mniotilta 601 



Motacilla 457 



Rhimamphua 601 



Sylvia 466, 457, 600 



Sylvicola 600, 602 



Thryothurus 600 



Vermivora 601 



Pipilopsis albitemporalis 161 



cristata 339 



opbtbalmicus 161,165 



Pipit 427 



llpra elegantissima 13 



galericulata 13 



musica 8, 14, 15 



polyglotta 695 



Piranga 3, 75, 142, 155 



ardens 76 



bideutata 70, 78, 97 



bidentata 78,95 



flammea 78,96,777 



sanguinolenta 78,96,777 



cooperi 84 



ery throcepbala 76, 79, 102 



erythromelas 78, 77, 78, 88, 91 



figlina 88 



Sammea 96 



hepatica 76,77,84,86 



^ J^ucoptera , 76, 78, 101 



'■ latifasciata 79,101,777 



leucoptera 79,99 



ludoviciana 76, 77, 78, 91 , 94, 777 



roseigularis 99 



roseo-gularis 76, 78 



cozumelse 78, 99 



roseo-gularis 78,08,99 



rubra 76,77,81,91,776 



cooperi 76,77,83,84,776 



rubra 76, 77, 79 



rubriceps 77, 776 



sanguinolenta 98 



testacea 76, 77, 87 



flglina 77,87 



testacea 77, 86 



pitiaytimi, Compsotblypis 479, 487 



pitiayumi 480,487 



Parula 490 



Sylvia 487,490 



pityophila, Dendrceca 606 



Dendroica 498,507,606 



pityophila 507,605 



Mniotilta 606 




820 



INDEX. 



Page. 



pityophila, Sylvicola 606 



Plain-colored Tanager 51 



plumbca, Dendroeca 618 



Dendroioa 497,498,608,017,618 



Biglo-ssa 380, 881, 382, 781 



Sylvia 487 



Plumbeous Warbler 617 



Pogonothraupis 122 



Polidacnis 390 



polioceptiala, Chamaethlypis 686 



poliocephala. 087 



Geothlypis 687, 688, 689, 690 



poliocephala,a ... 688 

 var 688 



Trichas 688 



poliocephalns, Dulus 128 



Phsenicophilus 127, 128 



PhcEnicophilus 128 



Poliopsar 225 



polyglotta, Pipra 695 



Poospiza olivacea 159, 161 



populorum, Sylvia 573 



Porto Rican Bananaquit 412 



Euphonia 15 



Grackle . . . ^ 228 



Oriole 272 



Spiudalis 05 



Tanager 158 



Yellow Warbler 518 



portoricensis, Certhiola 413, 782 



flayeola, var 413 



Ctereba 400,401, 412, 413, 782 



Dendrceca petechia 530 



Icterus 258, 263, 272, 273 



dominicensis, var ... 273 



Pendulinus 273 



Spiudalis 63, 64, 05 



Tauagra 67 



(Spiudalis) 67 



Xauthornus 273 



postoeularis, Chlorospiugus 158, 160 



prnedatorius, Sturnus 332 



Prairie Warbler 607 



prateusis, Cirulua 353 



pretrei, Spiudalis 63, 64, 68, 70, 71 



Tauagra 62, 70 



(Spiudalis) 70 



pretrii, Chlorophonia 5 



Spiudalis .- 70 



prevosli, Amblycercus 195 



Cassiculus 195 



Cassicus ; 195 



prcvostii, Amblycercus 195 



.\mblyrhamphus 195 



I'rcvost's Cacique ^ 104 



I'rocuopsis 1 ,,'. 2 



alrocserulea 2 



propinquus, Tachyphonus 105 



prosthemclas, Icterus 258, 259, 209, 270, 295 



dominicensis, var 270 



Pendulinus 271 



Xautlioruus 270 



Prothonotary Warbler 442 



Protouotaria 42S. 412 



citrea 427, 442, 444, 445, 783 



protonotaria, Dacnis 4-15 



Page 



protonotaria, Syl via 



Sylvicola ^^ 



protonutarius, Helinaia ^*^ 



Helmiuthophaga 445 



Helmitheros 445 



Motacilla 445 



Sylvia 445 



Vermivora 445 



Psarocolius aeneus 200, 202, 204, 205 



auricollis 318 



baltimore 314 



. bonana 280 



castaneus 278 



eaudacutus 374 



coztototl 289,319 



cristatus 186 



croconotus 255 



cyanocephalus 244, 250 



flavigaster 268 



gubernator 339 



gularis 255, 285, 286, 287 



leucopteryx 304 



melanicterus 192 



melauocephalus 255, 281, 283 



melanopsis , 272 



mesomclas 306 



nigerrimus 195 



pecoris 209,211 



pectoralis 283 



perspicillatus 350 



phoeniceus 332 



pustulatus 296 



xan thoruis 302 



Pseudagelseus 321 



Pseudaglffius 174 



Ptiloxeua 174, 251 



atroviolacea 252, 253 



pulcherrima, Dacuis 2, 391 



Iridophaues 2 



pulchra, Compsothlypis 491 



pitiayumi 480,491 



pumili'a, Syl vania 709 



Sylvia 709 



punctata, Tauagra 34 



punctulatus, Chlorospingus 164 



Purple Grackle 215 



purpurascens, Chlorophanes 377, 382, 383 



purpuratus, Chalcophancs 218 



Quiscalus 210,217,218 



purpureus, Quiscalus 217,219,220,221,251 



pu rpurcus, var 217 



pusilla, MyiarchusM'icapa 710, 7iS 



llyiodioctcs 711 



Sylvania 710, 713, 715 



Sylvia 483,545 



Sylvicola 483,445 



Wilsonia 704, 710, 713, 740 



pusilla 704,705,710,785 



pusillus, Myiidioctes 711, 714 



Myioctonus 714 



Myiodioctos 711, 713, 714, 715 



pusillus, u 711,714 



* var 711,714 



pustulatus. Icterus 260,202,295,290,297,298 



Psarocol ius 296 



Pyranga 75 




INDEX. 



821 



Page. 



Pyranga sestlva SI, 83 



cooperi 84 



var. aestiva 83 



fiooperi 84 



azarse 86 



bidentata 95, 96, 97 



bivittata 101 



coccinea 81 



cooperi 84 



cueullata 102 



erythrocephala 102, 776 



erythromelsena ICO, 101 



var. erythromesena 101 



erythromelas 75, 91, 100, 101 



erythropis 95 



figlina 88 



hepatica 84, 85, 86, 87 



var. hepatica 86 



leucoptera 101 



llvida 83 



luctuosa 104 



ludoviciana 93 



missisippensis , 81 



pyrrhocephala 776 



roseigularis 98 



roseo-gularis 98 



rubra 90 



rubrieeps 776 



saira, var. testacea 87, 88 



sanguinolenta 98 



testacea 87, 88 



pyrrhocephala, Pyranga 776 



Pyrrhodiglossa 378 



pyrrhopterus, Agelalus 255 



Pyrrhuphonia 2, SI 



Jamaica 31 



Pyrrota 129 



leucoptera 132 



valeryi 132 



Q- 



Quiseala. . , 212 



quiscala, Gracula 237 



Sturnus 21G 



Qaiscali 169, 170, 171, 174 



Quisealus 174,212,223,224,234,321 



aeneus 221 



EequatoriaJis 253 



agleeus 218 



assimilis 236, 237, 241 



ater 228 



atroviolaceus 251 , 253 



baritus 218, 226, 227, 229, 237 



var. baritus 227 



brachypterus 229 



gundlachi 227 



iiiger 228 



barytus 226 



brachypterus 229 



brewer! 251 



caymanonsis 229 



corvinus 238 



crassirostris 227, 228, 229 



ferrugineus 247 



lortirostris 230 



graysoni 242 



guadeloupensis 232 



Page. 



Quisealus gundlachii 226, 227 



inflexirostris 230,231,232,233 



insularls 225 



lugubris 225,229,231 



luminosus 231,233 



macroura 240 



macrourus 239, 242 



obscurus 241 



macrurus 237, 240 



major 233, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243 



macrurus 241 



var. macrourus 240 



macrurus 240, 241 



major 238 



palustris 242 



mexicanus 231,251,255 



nicaraguensis 244 



niger 228 



nitens 216 



palustris 238,242,243 



peruvianus 236 



purpuratus 216, 217, 218 



purpureus 217, 219, 220, 221, 251 



aeneus 221 



agteuB 218,219 



var. aeneus 221 



agelaius 218 



aglaeus 218 



purpureus 217 



quiscula 216, 219, 222 



aneus... 214,215,219,221,779 

 aglaeus .. 214,215,217,218,219 



quiscula 214,215 



rectirostris 233 



Bumichrasti 255 



tenuirostris i43 



versicolor 212,216,218,220,226 



aeneus 221 



aglaeus 219 



subsp. aenea 222 



typica 217 



typicus 217 



var. aeueus 221 



vulgaris 228 



quisealus, Chalcophanes 216, 253 



quiscola, Gracula.. 216 



quiscula, Gracula 212,216,222,248 



Quisealus 216, 222 



quiscula 214, 215 



K. 



ralphi, Geothlypis poliocephala 



Ralph's Ground-Chat 



ramalinae, Oompsothlypisamericana. 479, 



Ramphoceles icteronotus 



Ramphocelus 3, 



afliuis 



chrysonotus 



chrysopterus 



costaricensis ,. 108,109, 



dimidiatus 108, 



dimidiatus 



isthmieu.s...l09, 

 limatus 109, 



dunstalli . 

 festae 



.. 08 J 

 486,783 

 .... 114 

 107, 120 

 .. 119 

 108, 112 

 108,112 

 111,777 

 ,117,777 

 108, 109, 

 116,118 

 118,778 

 119,778 

 108,11a 

 115,777 




822 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Kamphocelus ieteronotus 108, 109, 112, 1 13 



luciani 108,109,115 



melanogaster 108, 109, 116 



passerinii 107, 108, 109, 110 



costaricensis 777 



passerinii 777 



sanguinolentus 121 



uropygialis 109,119 



TarianS 114 



Ramphocoelus costaricensis 112 



dimidiatus 118 



ieteronotus 114 



passerinii Ill 



uropygialis 120 



Ramphopis '. 107 



ieteronotus 114 



melanogaster 116 



rara, Dendroiea 504, 570, 573 



Mniotilta 573 



Phyllopneuste 573 



Sylvia 573 



Vermivora 573 



rathbonia, Rhimamplius 532 



Sylvia 612 



Sylvicola 512 



rectirostris, Holoquiscalus 225, 2S3 



Quisealus 233 



Red-bellied Redstart 731 



-bird. Summer 80, 81 



-breasted Chat, Boucard's 703 



DuBus' «99 



Salle's 701 



Tres Myiarchusrias 700 



-eyed Cow bird 201 



-faced Warbler , 720 



-headed Tanager 102 



Redstart, American 724 



Collared 735 



Guatemalan Painted 729 



Kaup's 733 



Painted 728 



Red-bellied 781 



Yellow-bellied 733 



Red-throated Flycatcher 590 



Red Warbler 759 



Red-wing, Atlixco 329 



Bahama 334 



Cuban 342 



Florida 333 



Northern 338 



Northwestern 341 



San Diego 339 



Sonoran 337 



Vera Cruz 335 



Red-winged Blackbird 330 



Regulus mystaceus 663 



restricta, Geothlypis 666 



trichas 666 



restrictus, Geothlypis trichas 666 



Rhamphocelus dimidiatus 118,778 



ieteronotus 114 



limatus 119 



luciani 116 



passerinii Ill 



sanguinolentus 121 



Rhamphocoelus dunstalli 115 



Rbamphoccelus 107 



Page. 



Rhamphocoelus chrysonotus 112 



dimidiatus US 



festse 115 



festae ''' 



ieteronotus 114 



inexpectatus 114 



luciani 116 



passerinii 111,777 



uropygialis 120 



Ehamphopis dimidiatus 118 



flammigerus Ill 



luciani 116 



passerinii Ill 



Rhimamphus aestivus 510, 521 



blackburniae 576 



caeruleus 571 



canadensis 543 



chryseolus 572 



coronatus 549 



discolor 609 



maculosus 535 



maiyitimus .* 540 



olivaceus 496 



parus 578 



pensilis 581, 582 



pinus 601 



pityophilus 606 



rathbonia 572 



ruficapilhis 614 



striatus 597 



virens 564 



(Rhimamphus) Dendroiea coronatus 784 



Rhimanphus 496 



sestivus 510 



blackburnige 576 



eastaneus 594 



citrinus 496, 512 



coronata 549 



maculosus 535 



nigrescens 558 



pensilis 581 



striatus 597 



virens 564 



Rhodinocichla 426,431,769 



rosea 770, 771 



u. rosea 772 



^. schistacea 773 



eximia 770 



rosea 770 



schistacea . . 427, 770, 772, 773 



RhodinocichlinEe 431 



Rhodinocincla 769 



Rhodocincla 769 



Rhodothraupis 1 



Rice Grackle, Colombian 197 



Mexican 199 



richmondi, Agelaiusphoeniceus. . 323, 324, 335, 337 



ridgwayi, Certhidea 762, 765 



olivacea 765 



robustus, Callothrus 201,203 



Molothrns 203 



roscoe, Geothlypis trichas 668 



Sylvia 666,667 



Trichas 667 



rosea, Rhodinocichla 770,771 



rosea 770 



rosea, « 772 




IN0EX. 



823 



Page. 



roseigularis, Piranga 99 



Pyranga 98 



roseogulare, Phoenicosoma 99 



roseo-gularis, Pirangi 76, 78 



roseo-gularis 78,98,99 



Pyranga 98 



Rose-throated Tanager 98 



roseus, Purnarius 769, 770, 773 



Phcenicothraupis rubiea 142,147,148 



rubicoides 148 



rostrata, Geothlypis. . 656, 657, 659, 661, 674, 675, 677 



Geothlypis trichas, ^ 676 



var 675 



Trichas 675 



rostratus, Geothlypis 675, 677 



Rosy Ant Tanager 147 



Rothschild's Tanager 114 



ruber, Basileuterus 760 



Ergaticus 759, 760 



rubiea, Phcenicothraupis 142, 147 



rubicoides, Phsenicothraupis 145, 146 



Phcenicothraupis 145, 146, 151, 153 



rubiea 142,144 



Saltator 145,146,151,153 



rubious, Phcenicothraupis 149 



Saltator 141, 145, 147, 149 



rubiginosa, Dendroica oestiva 600, 514 



Motacilla 514 



rubiginosus, Myiarchuslaconotus 4 



rubra, Cardellina 760 



(Ergaticus) 760 



Fringilla 80,90 



Myiarchusscicapa 75, 80, 81 



Phoenicosoma 9] 



Phcenisoma ^ 91 



Piranga 76,77,81,91,776 



rubra 76, 77, 79 



Pyranga 90 



Setofaga 760 



Setophaga 758, 759 



Tanagra ! 75, 90, 91 



rubricapilla, Helinaia 470 



Helminlhophaga 470 



Helminthophila 4 46, 448, 470 



rubricapilla . 448, 

 4«S 



Helmitheros 470 



Mniotilta 470 



Sylvia 445,469 



(Vcrmivora) 409 



Sylvicola 470 



Vermivora 470 



rubricapillus Helmitheros 470 



rubriceps, Piranga 77, J7G 



Pyranga 776 



rubricollis, Xanthornus 353 



rubrifrons, Basileuterus 721 



Cardellina !20, 721 



Heterospiugus 103, 104, 105 



Myiarchusscicapa 719, 721 



Setophaga 721 



Tachyphonus 103, 105 



rubruni, Phoenicosoma 91 



rufa, Tanagra 3 29, 131 



ruficapilla, Dendrceca , 520 



Dendroica 601, 520, 526 



petechia, var 519,620 



Page. 



ruficapilla, Dendroica ruticapilla 501, 623 



Helminthophaga 469, 471 



ruficapilla, var. 469 



Helminthophila 469, 471 



Helmintophila 469 



Mniotilta 469 



Motacilla 519, 524, 527, 528 



Nemosia 105 



Sj'lvia 469, 524, 527, 528* 



Sylvicola 614, 616 



ruflcapillus, Agelaius 321 



Rhimamphus 614 



ruflcollis, Certhiola 426 



Glossiptila 424,425,783 



Glossoptila 783 



Tanagra 423,426 



Tanagrella 426 



rufifrous, Basileuterus 739, 740, 746, 747, 748 



ruflfrons 741, 742, 745 



Setophaga 738, 746 



rufigaster, Banunivorus 280 



Pendulinus 280 



rufigula, Dendrceca 527 



vieilloti 627 



Dendroica 501, 326, 527 



vieilloti, var 527,629 



M niotil ta 527 



rufivertcx, Dendroica petechia 524 



t 524 



ruficapilla 501,524 



Euphonia 18 



rufo-axillaris, Molothrus 205,206,207 



rufo-gularis, Jachyphonus 425 



rufopileata, Dendroica 626 



ruficapilla 501,625 



Rufous-capped Warbler 745 



-throated Tanager 425 



rufus, Tachyphonus 180, 131 



russeicauda, Setophaga 728 



Sylvia 728 



russicauda, Sylvia 728 



Rusty Blackbird 246 



ruticilla, Motacilla 725 



Myiarchusscicapa 722, 726 



Setophaga 723, 724, 726, 727 



S. 



saccharina, Certhiola 416 



Coereba 400,407,415,416 



St. Andrews Oriole 304 



Yellow Warbler 524 



St. Bartholomew Bananaquit 419 



St. Croix Bananaquit 416 



St. Vincent Bananaquit 415 



Tanager 53. 



sallaei, Granatellus 697,698,702,703 



saltei 698,699,701 



Icteria 702 



Setophaga 702 



sallei, Granatellus 702 



Salle's Red-breasted Chat 701 



salmoni, Dacnis 391 



Salt Myiarchusrsh Yellow-throat 672 



Saltator 1 



cyanopterus , 57 



rubicoides 145,146,161 



rubicus 141,145,147,149 




824 



INDEX. 



Page. 



salvinl, Basileutenis 749 



rilfifrons 742,749 



Certhidea 764 



Icterus 308 



mesomelas 308 



Phcenicothraupis 149, 151 



Phcenicothraupis fusciauda 150 



salvini.... 148,149,778 



Spindalis 64, 74 



salvinii. Icterus 308 



mesomelas 260, 807 , 308 



Salvin's Ant Tanager 148 



Oriole 307 



Spindalia 74 



Warbler 749 



Sail Bias Yellow-throat 672 



sancti-thomse, Certhiola 414 



San Diego Red-wing SS9 



sanguinolenta,. Plilogoibraupi»: 120^121, 778 



Piranga 98 



bidentata 78,06,777 



Pyranga 98 



aangninoleiitus, Ramphocelus 121 



Kbamphocelus 121 



Tachyphonus 121 



Tanagra(Tachyphoiius). 120,121 



San Myiarchusguel Bananaquit 408 



Tanager 119 



Santa Lucin Grackle 230 



Oriole 274 



Warbler 688 



sayaca, Tanagra 54, 57 



Scaphidura 196 



barita 199 



erassircstris 200 



Scaphidnrus 196,212,222 



atroviolaceus 253 



crassirostris 228 



major assimilis 237 



graysoni 242 



macrourns 240 



major 238 



nelsoni 243 



obseurus 241 



nicaraguensis 244 



palustris 242, 243 



tenuirostris 243 



Seaphura 212 



Scarlet-headed Oriole 295 



Tanager 88 



-thighed Dacnis S90 



schistacea, Rhodinooichla 427,770,772,773 



rosea, ;3 773 



schranki, Calospiza 36 



scirpicola, Geothlypis trichas 672 



scitulus, Basileutenis belli 741,744,745 



Sciurus aurceapillus 638 



ludovicianus 641, 



novseboracensis 645 



noveboraceusis 644 



sulfurascens 645 



tenuirostris 646 



Bclateri, Callispiza 43 



Calliste , 43 



Euphonia 10,15 



Icterus 260, 262, 296, 297, 298, 780 



SclattT's Oriole 297 



Warbler 760 



Page. 



Scolecophagus ^ ' 



sequatorialis • 253 



atroviolaceus 253 



carolinus....' 245; 246, 247, 251 



cyanocephalus... 245,248,250,251 



dives 265 



ferrugineus 247, 248, 251 



mexicanus 251 



niger 248 



Scott's Oriole 308 



Seiurus 429,634 



agilis 627 



aquaticus 645, 647 



aureocapillus 638 



auricapillus. 638 



aurocapillus 427, 634, 635, 637, 638 



Colombian us 642 



formosus 625 



gossii . . .■ 645 



guadelupensis 646 



?'herminieri 645 



ludovicianus 638, 641 



motacilla 636,639,640 



nsevius 643 



noveboracensi.s nota bills 635, 



642,643,645,647,648 



noveboraceusis 635, 



642, 646, 786 



novseboracensis 642, 647, 645 



noveboraceusis .. 634,635,643,644,646,647 



Philadelphia 631 



sulfurascens 645 



sulphurascens 645 



tenuirostris 646 



trichas 666 



selbii, Myiarchusscicapa 708 



semicervinus, Ba.sileuterus 740, 742, 757 



semiflava, Geothlypis 653, 682, 083 



semiflava ,.682,683 



semperi, Leucopeza 650, 051 



Semper's Warbler .* 651 



sennetti. Icterus cucuUatus 259, 263, 289, 290 



Bennett's Oriole 289 



Parula Warbler 490 



sericeus, Icterus 212 



Molothrus 212 



Serrirostrum 378 



carbonarium 378 



Setophaga 426,430,722 



amicta 721 



aurantiaca 734 



aurocapilla 738 



belli 744 



bellii 744 



bonapartii 719 



brunneiceps 751 



canadensis 717 



castanea 733 



culicivora 755 



delattrii 749 



flammea 733,734 



lormosa 624 



intermedia 733 



lachrymcsa 737, 738 



miniata 732, 733 



flammea 733 



mlnuta 709 



mitrata 707 




INDEX. 



825 



Page. 



Setophaga nigro-eincta 719 



picta 72a, 723, 728, 729, 730 



guatemalac 723, 7 29, 730 



picta 72S; 728 



rubra 758,759,700 



rubrifrons 721 



ruflfrons 788,746 



russelcauda 728 



rutieilla 723, 724, 726, 727 



sallaei '. 702 



torquata 735 



versicolor 761 



verticalis 730, 734 



vulnerata 733 



Setophagse 427, 430 



sharpei, Certhiola 405 



Ccereba 399, 404, 405 



StiarpeJs-Bananaquit.. ..^^ 404 



Shining Honey Creeper S89 



Shizampelis 776 



Shrilie-Tanager, Black-rumped 125 



Mexican 12S 



White-throated 124 



Silver-throated Tanager 37 



Silviaagilis 626 



sinuosa, Geothlypis trichas 654, 



> 656,658,660,672,673 



sittaceum, Uncirostrum 381 



^ttaceus, Agrilorhinus 378, 381 



sittoides, Diglossn 381 



Siurua 684 



auricapilla 638 



auricapillus 638 



ludovicianus 641 



motacilla 640, 641 



nasviiis 643, 647 



notabilis G47 



noveboracensis 642, 644, 647 



Slender-billed Qrackle 248 



Small-billed Cacique 189 



-headed Warbler 709 



Socorro Warbler 492 



solitaria, Helinaia 468 



Helminthophaga 458 



Sylvia 458 



Sylvicola 458 



Vermivora 458 



solitarius, Amblycercns 193 



Cassicus 192 



Helmitheros 458 



Sonoran Boat-tailed Crackle 242 



Red-wing 337 



Yellow Warbler 512 



sonorana, Dendroica sestiva 500, 512, 513 



•sonoriensis, Agelaius phoeniceus. 322, 324, 337, 342 



Sooty-capped Chlorospingus 165 



sorrtida, Helminthophila celata. . 448, 467, 468, 783 



Southern Meadowlark 360 



Yellow-throat 667 



Sparrow, American Hedge 425 



spcciosa, Compsothlypis pitiayumi 480 



487,488,783 



Geothlypis 658, 660, 661, 6SS, 684 



speciosa,-a 684 



var 684 



speculiferus, Chlorospingus 156, 157 



Nesospingus 156, 157 



Spermagra erythrocephala 102, 776 



Page. 



sphagnosa, Sylvia 545 



Vireo 645 



Spindalis 3, 62 



Aiiaco _ 72 



benedicti 63, 64, 72, 74 



bilineatus 62, 65 



Black-backed JO 



Cozumel 72 



Cuban 68 



exsul 74 



Haitian 67 



Jamaican 64 



multicolor <63, 64, 07, 68 



nigricephala 63, 64, 65 



Porto Rican 65 



portoricensis 63, 64, 65, 67 



pretrei 63,64,68,70,71 



pretrii 70 



salvini 74 



Salvin's 74 



zena 64, 70, 72 



stejnegeri 71,72 



townsendi 64,72 



zena 64,70,71 



spiza, Certhia 382, 384 



Chlorophanes 383, 384 



Spizampelis 62 



spodocephala, Chlorospingus 140 



Eucometis 138, 140, 141 



spodocephala.. 188,139 



spodocephalus, Chlorospingus 140, 141 



Sporathraupis 55 



Spotted-breasted Oriole 283 



spurius,. Icterus 258, 275, 276, 278, 779 



Oriolus 255, 278 



Penduliuus . , .-. 278 



Xanthornus 278 



Yphantes 278 



Starlings 169 



stejnegeri, Spindalis zena 71,72 



stictothorax, Eucometes spodocephala 778 



Eucometis spodocephala 138, 



141,778 



sti. thomse, Certhiola 414, 782 



stragulatus, Basileuterus _ 740 



St^aigh^billed Grackle 233 



Streaked-chested Tanager 141 



Warbler 618 



striata, Dendrceca 598 



Dendroica 506, 595, 597, 785 



Mniotilta 597 



Motacilla 597 



Myiarchusscicapa ! 597 



Sylvia 597 



Sylvicola 597 



striatus, Dendroica 698 



Rhimamphus 597 



Rhimanphus 597 



Sturnella 170,171,172,175,353 



colaris 360 



collaris 359,360 



hippocrepis 356, 363, 864, 368, 781 



hippocrepus 781 



ludoviciana 359,-360, 363, 364v366, 868 



hippocrepis 368 



mexicana 363, 364 



neglecta 367,368 



var. neglecta 366 




826 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Sturnella magna 359, 361, 362, 363, 364, 368 



alticola 363 



a. magna 359 



argutula 355,.356, 360, 361 



c. hippocrepis 368 



d. mexicana 363 



hoopesi 356,361,362 



inexpectata 356,364,365,781 



iiiexspectata 365 



magna 356,367,359,360,363 



mexicana 355, 



356,361,362,363,364 



neglecta 367 



subsp. hippocrepis 368 



mexicana 363,364 



neglecta 368 



typica 360 



var. hippocrepis 368 



magna 359 



mexicana 362,363,364 



neglecta 367 



meridionalis 353 



mexicana 362, 363, 364 



neglecta 355, 356, 365, 366, 781 



Sturnellse 175 



Stumidse 169 



Sturnus holosericeus 194 



jamalcensis 222, 227 



junceti 211 



ludoviclanus 359, 360, 363, 364, 366 



ohscurus 210 



praedatoriiis 332 



quiscala 216 



sulfurascens, Sciurus 645 



Seiurus 645 



sulphurascens, Enicocichla 645 



Henicocichla 645 



Seiurus 645 



sumichrasti, Chlorospingus 158, 162 



Dives 255 



Quiscalns 255 



Sumichrast's Blackbird 254 



Chloropingus 162 



Summer Redbird 80, 81 



Tanager 79 



^Vestern 83 



sundevalli, Certhiola 418 



superciliaris, Leistes 353 



Trupialis 353 



superciliosa, Dendroeca 581, 582 ' 



Deiidroiea 581, 582 



Mniotilta 478, 581 



Motacilla 581 



Oreothlypis 475, 476, 477, 478 



Parula 478 



auperciliosum, Conirostrum 478 



surinamensia, Certhia 385 



' Tachyphonus 129 



swainsoui, Helinaia 438, 783 



Helmintherus 438 



Helminthotherus 438 



Helmitheros 438 



HeloHEea 438 



Mniotilta 438 



Tanagra 57 



Vermivora 438 



Page. 



swainsonii, Helinaia *36, 437, 783 



Helminthophaga 438 



Helmitherus 438 



Sylvia 436,437 



Sylvicola 437 



Swainson's Tanager 95 



Warbler 436 



Sycamore Warbler 582 



Sylvania 722 



bonapartii 719 



canadensis 718 



formosa 624 



microcephala 710 



minuta 709 



mitrata 707 



pumilia 709 



pusilla 710, 713, 715 



pileolata 713, 715 



v(^ilsonii 711 



Sylvia aequinoctialis 625 



estiva..-. 510,521 



agilis 626 



albicolis 516 



albicollis 516 



americana 482,483,485,486 



anthoides 645 



auduboni , 553 



audnbonii 553 



auricoUis 445 



aurocapilla 637 



autumnalis 505 



azurea 573 



bachmani 459 



bicolor 394 



bifasciata 573 



blackburni 578 



blackburnise 576 



brasil jana 489 



cserulea 785 



cserulescens 543, 544 



canadensis i 543 



carbonata 540, 541 



carolinensis 512 



castanea 594,785 



celata 464, 466 



cerulea 571 



childrenii 512 



chloroleuca 517 



chrysocephala 576 



chrysophrys 744 



chrysoptera 450 



citrinella 512 



coerulea 571 



coronata 548 



cucullata 681 . 



culicivora -. 754- 



delafieldii 670, 671, 689 



discolor 609 



dominica 580 



flava 512 



flavicauda 727 



flavicollis 581 , 582 



flavifrons 451 



flavopygia 551 



formosa 624 



halseii 559 




INDEX. 



827 



Page. 



Sylvia icterocephala 591, 592 



incana 676 



leucogastra 470 



leucbptera 545 



ludoviciana 483 



maogillivrayi 632 



macropos 545 



maculosa 535 



magnolia 536 



marilandica 663 



maritima 539, 540 



marylandica '. 663 



melanorrhca 578 



miniata 760 



minuta 610, 709 



mitrata 707 



montana 784 



nashvillei 470 



nigrescens 558 



noveboracensis 643 



■occidentalis 569 



olivacea 493, 496 



palmarum 613 



palustris 545 



pardalina 719 



parus 578 



pennsylvanica 591 



pensilis 581, 582 



pensylvaniea 590 



peregrina 461 



petasodes 711 



petechia 516, 615 



Philadelphia 629, 634 



pinguis 551 



pinus 456, 457, 600 



pitiayuml 487,490,492 



plumbea 487 



populorum 573 



protonotaria 445 



protonotarius 445 



pumilia 709 



puailla 483, 546 



rara - 573 



rathbonia 572 



roscoe 666, 667 



rubricapilla 445, 469 



rufleapilla 469, 624, 527, 628 



russeicauda 728 



russieauda ' 728 



solitaria 458 



sphagnosa 545 



striata 597 



swainsonii 436, 437 



taeniata 496 



tenenssaei 462,783 



tigrina 538,785 



tolmlei 632 



tolmcei 632 



torquata 483 



townsendi 561 



trichas 663, 665, 668, 669, 671 



trochilus 512 



umbria 551 



Taria 433 



vegata 633 



Telata 681 



Page. 



Sylvia venusta 397, 4m7 



vermivora 738 



( Vermivora) rubricapilla 469 



vigorsii 601 



virens 563 



viridis 394 



"wilsonii 711 



xanthorhoa 551. 



xanthoroa 651 



Sylvicola 478, 496 



adelaidfe 588 



aestiva 510, 513, 516, 618 



agilis 627 



americana 482, 483, 485, 486, 783 



auduboni , . 663 



audubonii 653 



aureola 622 



auricollis 445 



bachmani 459 



blackburnife 576 



CEerulea 571 



canadensis 543 



carbonata 641 



caslanea 694 



celata 464,466 



chrysocephala 576 



chryaoptera 450 



coronata 548 



discolor 609 



eoa 632 



flavicollis 581, 582 



f ormosa 624 



icterocephala 592 



inornata 451 



kirtlandii 604 



macgillivrayi 632 



maculosa 536 



maritima 539 



minuta 610 



missuriensis 462 



montana 784 



nigrescens 558 



nigricans 559 



occidentalis i 569 



olivacea 496 



palmarum 613' 



pannosa 646 



parus 578 



pensilis 581, 582 



pensillis 582 



peregrina 461 



petechia 518,521,614,615 



pharetra 619 



pinus 600, 602 



pityophila 606 



protonotaria 445 



pusilla 483, 545 



rathbonia 512 



rubricapilla 470 



rufleapilla 614, 616 



solitaria 458 



striata 597 



swainsonii 437 



taeniata 496 



tigrina 538,539 



townsendi 561 




828 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Sylvicola townsendii 561 



tristis 659 



varia 435 



(Vermivora) peregrina 461 



vieiUoti 531 



virens 563, 564 



Sylviidse 427 



T. 



Tabasco Ant Tanager l** 



Tachyphoims 3,106,129 



albispecularis 134 



albitempora 161, 164, 778 



axillaris 130,133,134 



beauperthuyi 132 



canigularis 166 



cassini 167 



cassinii 169 



chrysomelas : 106 



delattrii 130, 186, 137 



leucopterus 132 



luctuosus 130, 132, 133, 134, 135 



melaleucus 131, 132, 778 



nigerrima 132 



nigerrimus 132 



nitidissimus 130, 135, ISO 



palmarum 127 



propinquus 105 



rubrilrons 102, 105 



rufo-gularis 426 



ruf us ISO, 181 



sanguinolentus 121 



surinamensis 129 



valerii 132 



xanthopygius 104, 105 



taczonowskii, Icterus mesomelas 307 



tseniata, Mniotilta 496 



Sylvia 496 



Sylvicola 496 



tamaulipensis, Icterus gularis 258, 286, 287 



Tanager, Abbot 60 



Arce's 33 



Emerald 40 



Belize 87 



Black and yellow 106 



-winged 58 



Blue 65 



-rumped Green 43 



Boddaert's 130 



Bonaparte's 115 



Brick-red 86 



Broad-banded 101 



Cabanis' 42 



Carmiol's 155 



Cassin'i. 168 



Cherrie's HI 



Costa Rican White-shouldered 134 



Cozumel '. 99 



Crimson-backed 116 



-collared 120 



Dow's 46 



Dunstall's 115 



Dusky-tailed Ant 152 



Emerald 39 



Festa's 115 



Golden-masked 47 



-winged 112 



Page. 



Tanager, Gray-crested '89 



-crowned Palm 128 



-headed 189 



Hepatic ** 



Hooded: 62 



Island Ant 162 



Lafresnaye's 96 



Lavinia's 46 



Lawrence's 104 



Louisiana 91 



Myiarchusroon-headed 119 



Mexican Ant 144 



Myiarchuss. Wilson's 49 



Nelson's Ant 145 



Nicaraguan Ant 150 



Oaxaca Ant 147 



Orange-browed 104 



Palm 127 



Panama Cri msbn-backed 118 



Passerini's 109 



Plain-colored 51 



Porto Kican 156 



Red-headed 102 



Kose-throated 98 



Rosy Ant 147 



Rothschild's 114 



Rufous-throated . . i 425 



St. Vincent 63 



Salvin's Ant 148 



San Myiarchusguel 119 



Scarlet 88 



Silver-throated 37 



Streaked-chested . . . ^ 141 



Summer 79 



Swainson's 95 



Tabasco Ant , 149 



Tawny-crested 136 



Tres Myiarchusrias 96 



Veraguan White-shouldered 136 



Vinaceous-throated Ant 146 



Western Summer 83 



White-shouldered 132 



-winged 99 



Yellow-browed 40, 154 



-rumped US 



Yucatan Ant 161 



Tanagers 1 , 426 



Tanagra 3, 54 



abbas 55, 60, 6'2, 776 



sestiva 81,83 



( Aglaia) aurulenta 34 



diaconus 57 



labradorides 35 



vicarius 62 



albirostris 131 



archepiscopus 54 



atricapilla 122 



auricollis 695 



bonariensis 54, 55, 203, '205, 212 



brasilia 107 



brasiliensis 35 



cana 55, 56, 57, 776 



canicapilla 681 



cayana 8 



chalybea 8 



chlorotica 8 



coccinea 81 




INDEX. 



829 



Page. 



Tanagra ccElestis 57 



Columbiana 95 



cucullata 32 



cyanoptera 57 



cyanoventris 44 



darwini 54 



diacomus 58 



diaconus 57, 58, 776 



dominicensis 68 



episcopus 54,57 



erythromelas 100, 101 



(Euphonia) affinis 23,25 



flava 35 



flavifrons 17 



gyrola 34, 44 



ignicapilla 145 



jacapa 107 



leucophrys 161 



ludoviciana 93 



militaris 353 



misisippica 81 



mississippiensis 81, 83 



multicolor 68 



musica 14 



nigerrima 132 



nigricephala 6'2, 65 



olivascens 59 



omata 54, 55 



palmarum 60 



melanoptera 55, 58, 59, 60 



palmarum 59 



violilavata 60 



penicillata :... 138,149 



peruviana 44 



pileata ; . . lOb 



portoricensis 67 



pretrei 62, 70 



punctata 34 



(Rhamphocelus) luciani 116 



rubra 75, 90, 91 



rufa 129,131 



ruflcollis 423,425 



sayaca 54, 57 



(Spindalis) porto>icensis 67 



pretrei 70 



swainsoni 57 



(Tachyphonus) sanguinolentus. 120, 121 



tatao 34 



tricolor 34 



variegata 83 



vicarius 62 



violacea 8 



viridis 4 



Yucatan Gray.headed 140 



zena 65, 70, 72 



zenoides 65 



Tanagrffi 2 



Tanagrella ruflcollis 425 



Tauagridffi 1.375,'376,426,427 



tanneri, Geothlypis 656, 657, 659, 661, 670 



Geothlypis rostratus 676 



tanneri 657 



Tanner's Yellow-throat 670 



Tatao 34 



larvatus 49 



tatao, Tanagra 34 



Page. 



Tawny-capped Euphonia 17 



-crested Tanager 130 



-shouldered Blackbird 343 



tenenssaei, Sylvia 462, 783 



Tennessee Warbler 460 



tenuirostris, Lanio 134 



Megaquitcalus 234, 235, 236, 243 



Scaphiduriis 243 



Sciurus 646 



Seiurus 646 



tephra, Euthlypis lachrymosa !38 



tephrocotis, Geothlypis 628 



Trichas 628 



Tephrodiglossa 378 



Teretistris 429,048 



fernandinse 648, 649 



lornsi- 648, 649, 650 



fornsii 650 



Teretristis fernandinse 649 



fornsi 650 



fornsii 650 



testaeea, Piranga 76, 77, 87 



testacea 77,80 



Pyranga 87, 88 



saira, var 87, 88 



testaceum, Phoenieosoma 87 



Texas Meadowlark 301 



Thick-billed Euphonia 28 



Thilius 319 



thilius, Agelaius 321 



Turdus 319 



Thraupis 54 



cana 57 



diaconus 58 



palmarum 60 



vicarius 62 



Thriothurus pinus 600 



torqualus 483 



Thrush, Golden-crowned 637 



-Warbler, Mexican !!2 



Panama 770 



tibioen, Euphone 13 



tigrina, Dendroeca 539 



Dendroica 497,498,502,537,539,784 



Mniotilta 538 



Motacilla 538, 785 



Perissoglossa 539 



Sylvia 538, 785 



Syl vicola 538, 539 



Tobago Bananaquit 406 



tolmsei, Trichas 632 



tolmiei, Geothlypis 632 



Oporornis 621,022,631 



Sylvia 632 



tolmcei, Sylvia 632 



Trichas 632 



torqnata, Setophaga 735 



Sylvia 483 



torquatus, Myioborus 731, 735 



Thriothurus 483 



Tower Island Certhidea 766 



townsendi, Dendrceca 561,562,784 



Dendroica 503, 504, 559,561, 568, 784 



Spindalis zena 04, 72 



Sylvia 561 



Sylvicola 661 




830 



INDEX. 



Page. 



townsendii, Dendroeca 561 



Dendroica 561 



Mniotilta 561 



Sylvicola 561 



Townsend'8 Warbler 550 



Tres Myiarchusrias Parula Warbler 492 



Red-breasted Chat 700 



Tanager (16 



Trichas 653 



agilis 6'26 



brachidactylus 666 



delafieldi 689 



delafieldii 670,671 



macgillivrayi 632 



marilandica 663, 666, 668, 671 



marilandicus 663, 670 



marylandica 663, 666, 668, 670, 671 



marylandicus 670, 671 



nigrocristatus 740 



personatus 653, 664, 666 



Philadelphia 629 



poliocephala 688 



roscoe 667 



rostrata 675 



(Sylvicola) formosa 624 



tcphroeotis 628 



tolmEei 632 



tolmcei 632 



vegata 633 



trichas Geothlypis 663, 656, 657, 663, 664, 



665, 666, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672 



trichas 654, 



656,658,660,661,663 



» 666,668,670,671 



var 663, 



666, 668, 670, 671 



Motacilla 663 



Seiurus 666 



Sylvia 663,665,668,669,671 



Turdus 653,663 



Trichothraupis penicillata 139 



tricolor, Agelseus i 326, 339 



phoeniceus, d 326 



var 326 



Agelaius 322, 323, 824, 326, 780 



Certhiola 406 



Ccereba 399,401, +05,406 



Icterus , 325, 339 



Oriolus 314 



Tanagra 34 



tricolora, Motacilla 728 



Tricolored Blackbird 324 



Triglyphidia 4 



callophrys 4,8 



occipitalis 6 



tristis, Sylvicola 559 



trochilus, Motacilla ,il2 



Sylvia .')12 



Troglody tidse 4-)6 



Troupial 2«3 



Troupials IBS 



Trupiales I75 



Trupialis 170, 171, 172 



guiauensis 353 



supercilians 358 



Turdus aquaticus 645 



Page. 



Turdus aquatius ^" 



ater ^™ 



auricapillus ^^ 



aurocapillus ^^^ 



brunneus -.--■ 2-17 



carolinus 244, 247 



citreus 638 



- coronatus 638 



hudsonius 248 



jugularis 278 



labradorius 248 



ludovicianua 641 



motacilla 640, 645 



noveboracensis 248, 643 



palmarum 126,127,128 



(Seiurus . novseboracensis 645 



noveboracensi's 643 



thilius 319 



trichas 653,663 



virens 691,693 



vulpinus 769, 770 



typica, Calliste larvata 49 



Dacnis cayana, subsp 394 



Icterus cucuUatus, subsp 289 



Icterus melanocephalus, subsp 281 



Molothrus pecoris, subsp 210 



Quiscalus versicolor, subsp 217 



Sturjiella magna, subsp 360 



typicus, Quiscalus versicolor 217 



V. 



ultramarina, Dacnis 395 



cayana 392,894,396 



subsp 395, 396 



Ultramarine Dacnis 894 



umbria, Motacilla 551 



Sylvia 551 



Uncirostrum 378 



brelayi 381 



lafresnayei 378 



sittaceum 381 



uropygialis, Basileuterus 740,757,758 



Cassiculus 190 



Cassicus 190 



Coereba 782 



Ccereba 400,420,421 



Ramphocoelus 120 



Ehamphocoslus 120 



usneae, Compsothlypis americana 479, 



484,485,486 

 V. 



varia, Certhia 434 



Mniotilta 432,434,783,784 



varia, a 435 



Motacilla 431,433 



Nectarinia 435 



Sylvia 433 



Sylvicola 435 



varians, Eamphocelus 114 



variegata, Tanagra 83 



varius. Icterus 27» 



Oporornis 628 



Oriolus 278 



Xanthornus 278 



vegeta, Sylvia 633 



Trichas ea 




INDEX. 



831 



Page. 



velasquezi, Icteria 695 



velasqnezii, Icteria ., 696 



velata, Geothlypis 653,657,681 



Sylvia 681 



venusta, Dacnis 392, 39G, 397, 781 



Sylvia 487 



venustus, Granatellus 697, 698, 099, 700 



Icteria 700 



Vera Cruz Red-wing SSo 



Veraguan White-shouldered Taiiager 136 



veraguensis, Basileuterus 740, 767 



leucopygius 757 



semicervinus . 742, 756 



Vermivora bachmani 459 



carbonata 541 



celata ^ 464, 466 



chrysoptera 450 



fulvicapilla 441 



nigrescens 558 



pennsylvanica 441 



peregrina 461 



pinus 601 



protonotarius 445 



rara 573 



rubricapilla 470 



solltaria 458 



swainsoni 438 



vermivora, Motacilla 438 



Sylvia 738 



vermivorus, Helmintherus 441 



Helminthothenis 441 



Helmitheros 4S9 



Helmithorus 441 



versicolor, Calliste 53, 54 



Calospiza 37, 63 



Cardellina 761 



Ergaticus 759,760,761 



Quiscalus 212, 216, 218, 220, 226 



Setophaga 761 



verticalis, Myioborus 731 



vicarius, Tanagra 62 



(Aglaia) 62 



Thraupis 62 



vieilloti, DendroBca 527, 529, 530, 531 



Dendroica 528 



vieilloti, var 529 



Sylvicola 531 



vieillotii, Dendroica 529 



vigorsii, Dendrceca 785 



Dendroica 497, 498, 506, 601, 603 



vigorsii .. 506,507,599,002,785 



Sylvia 601 



vireo 601 



vigueri, Dacnis 396 



viguieri, Dacnis 392,396 



Viguier's Dacnis '. 396 



vinacea, i'haenicothraupis 145,146,147,778 



Phoenicothraupis 778 



Phoenicothraupis 778 



nihica 142,146 



Vinaceous-throated Ant Tanager 146 



violacea, Tanagra 8 



violea, Cassidix oryzivora 197,199 



violilavata, Tanagra 60 



virens, Dendroeea ,564, 565 



Dendroica 503,604,562,564,568,784 



Page. 



virens, Icteria 693,694,697 



virens 691,692 



a 694 



Mniotilta 564 



Motacilla 563 



Rhimamphus 564 



Rhimanphus 564 



Sylvia 563 



Sylvicola 563, 664 



Turdns 691,693 



Vireo sphagnosa 545 



virgorsii 601 



virescens, Chalcophanes 248 



Icterus 272, 282 



virginise, Helminthophaga 472-473 



Helminthophila 448, 471 , 473 



Helmintophila 473 



Mniotilta 473 



virginianus, Parus 551 



Virginia's Warbler 471 



virginica, Loxia 81,83 



viridis, Chlorophonia . ; 5 



Icteria 694,696 



Jcteria 694 



■Myiarchusscicapa 691 , 694 



Peteria 694 



Tanagra - 4 



vitellina, Dendroica 587,610,611 



Vitelline Warbler 610 



vitellinus, Caeicus 187, 188, 779 



Cassicus 189 



vulgaris. Icterus 264 



Quiscalus 228 



vulnerata, Myiarchusscicapa 733 



Setophaga 733 



vulpina, Cichlalopia 770 



vulpinus, Turdus 769,770 



■\v. 



wagleri, Cassicus 177,178 



Eucorystes 177, 178 



Icterus 256, 267, 262, 267 , 268, 269 



dominicensis, var 269 



Ocyalus 177, 178 



Pendulinus 269 



Zarhynchus 177,178 



wagleri 176,177 



Wajiler's Oriole 267 



Oropendola 176 



Wagtail 427 



Warbler, Abaco Pine 603 



Adelaide's 587 



Alaskan Yellow 514 



Audubon's 551 



Aurora 531 



Bachman's 458 



Bahama 006 



Yellow .517 



Banana 412 



Barbados Yellow 526 



Bay-breasted 592 



Beautiful Parula 4!)1 



Bell's J42 



Belted 551 



Bishop's 020 



Black and White 432 




832 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Warbler, Black-cheeked 751 



-eared". 752 



-fronted 858 



-poll »93 



-throated Blue 541 



Gray 556 



Green 662 



Blackburnian 574 



Blue-gray 643 



-winged 455 



Brasher's 785 



Brewster's 458 



Bryant's Yellow 529 



Buft-rumped 756 



Cairns' 845 



Calaveras 470 



Canadian 7 16 



Cape Myiarchusy 5S7 



Carbonated 540 



Cerulean .., 570 



Chestnut-sided 589 



Chiapas 7 48 



Chilpancingo 745 



Chiriqui Parula 487 



Colima 473 



Connecticut 625 



Costa Eican Buft-rutnpcd 757 



Cozumel Yellow 624 



Cuban 605 



Yellow 620 



Curasao Yellow 526 



Decorated 586 



Delattre's 749 



Duges' 747 



Yellow 51S 



Dusky 467 



Fan-tailed 7S6 



Fernandina's , 649 



Forns' 649 



Galapagos Yellow . . , 621 



Godman's 756 



Golden-cheeked 565 



Pileolated 714 



-winged 448 



Goldman's 656 



Grace's 584 



Grand Cayman Yellow 517 



GreypoU 576 



Guadeloupe Yellow 523 



Guatemalan ,. 744 



Parula 488 



Haitian Ground 652 



Hartlaiib's 477 



Hermit 667 



Hooded 706 



Irazd 476 



Jalisco 755 



Jamaican Yellow 515 



Jouy's 746 



Kentucky 622 



Kirlland's 603 



Lawrence's 452 



Liciitenstein's 753 



Long-tailed 748 



Lucy's 473 



Lutescent 466 



Page. 



Warbler, Myiarchuscgillivray's *pl 



Myiarchusgnolia' ""'^ 



Myiarchusngrove ^SO 



Myiarchusrtinique Yellow 526 



Mourning 628 



Myrtle 546 



Nashville 468 



Nassau Pine 602 



Northern Parula 484 



Olive - --■ 493 



Orange-crowned 462 



Palm 612,613 



Panama Yellow 527 



Parula 481 



Pensile 581 



Pileolated 712 



Pine 599 



Pink-headed 760 



Plumbeous 617 



Porto Eican Yellow ; 518 



Prairie 607 



Prothonotary 442 



Eed 759 



-faced 720 



Rufous-capped 745 



St. Andrews Yellow 624 



Salvin's 741) 



Santa Lucia 588 



Sclater's 750 



Semper's 651 



Sennett's Parula 490 



Small-headed 709 



Socorro 492 , 



Sonoran 'Yellow 512 



Streaked 618 



Swainson's 436 



Sycamore 682 



Tennessee 460 



Townsend's 559 



Tres Myiarchusrias Parula 492 



Virginia's 471 



Vitelline 610 



Western fan-tailed 738 



Parula 486 



Wilson's 710 



Worm-eating ■ 439 



Yellow 508 



-fronted 451 



Palm 616 



-throated 57S, 581 



Warblers, Wood 425 



Water-Thrush 642 



Grinnell's 646 



Louisiana 639 



Wells' Bananaquit 423 



wellsi, Certhiola 423 



Coercba 401,407,423 



Wenman Island Certhidea 767 



Western Fan-tailed Warbler 738 



Meiidowlark 365 



Parula Warbler 486 



Summer Tanager 83 



Yellow-throat 668 



While-fronted Chlorospingus 162 



-shouldered Tanager 132 



Costa Rican 134 




INDEX. 



833 



Page. 



White-shouldered Tanager Veraguan 1 S6 



-throated Shrike-Tanager 124 



-vented Euphonia 23 



-winged Tanager 99 



VVilsonia 430,703,738 



bonapartii 719 



canadensis 705, 716, 718, 784 



microcephala 704, 709 



minuta 709 



mitrata 704,705,707 



pusilla , 704,710,713,740 



chryseola 705, 7 14 



pileolata. . . . 704, 705, 712, 713, 715 



pusilla -704, 705, 710, 785 



wilsonii, Myiarchusscicapa 711 



Myiodioctes 711 



iSylvania 711 



Sylvia 711 



Wilson's Warbler 710 



Wood Warblers 425 



Worm-eating Warbler 439 



Wrens 426 



X. 



Xanthocephalus 170, 176, 346 



icterocephalus 349 



longipes 350 



perspicillatus 350 



xanthocephalus 248, 



347,349,781 



xanthocephalus, Agelaius 349 



Icterus 346, 348 



Xanthocephalus 248, 



347,349,781 



xauthomus, Agelseus 344 



Agelaius 320,323,344 



Icterus 319 



Xanthopsar 170, 321 



xanthopygius, Heterospingus 103, 104 



Tachyphonus 104,105 



xanthorhoa, Sylvia 561 



xanthomis, Psarocolius 302 



Xanthornus 265 



abeillei 319 



bonana 280 



bullockii 289,316 



chrysater 295, 779 



coronatus 192 



decumanus 183, 185 



dominicensis 272, 274 



hypomelas 272 



lessoni 271 



linnaei 302 



maximus 185 



melanocephalus 281, 283 



melanopterus 295 



mesomelas 306 



nigrogularis 302 



portoricensis 273 



prosthemelas 270 



rubricoUis 353 



spurius 278 



varius 278 



xanthornus, Agelaius 302 



Coracias 302 



Hyphantes 344 



3654— VOL 2—01 53 



Page. 



xanthornus. Icterus 260, 302 



xanthornus 260, 



261, 263, 300 



» 302 



Oriolus 264, 302 



xanthoroa, Sylvia 551 



xanthorus, Icterus 302 



Oriolus 1 302 



Xanthosomus 319, 321 



xanthrocephalus, Ageliaus 349 



Xantocephalus xantocephalus 349 



xantocephalus, Xantocephalus 349 



Xenodacnis 375 



Y. 



Ycterus baltimore 314 



Yellow-bellied Grosbeak 81 



Redstart 7SS 



-breasted Chat 69S 



Chlorospingus 166 



-browed Tanager 40, 154 



-cheeked Creeper 385 



-crowned Euphonia 20 



-fronted Warbler 451 



-headed Blackbird 347 



Yellow-throat 680 



Oriole 300 



Palm Warbler 615 



-rumped Tanager 113 



-shouldered Blackbird 344 



-tailed Oriole 305 



-throat, Alta Myiarchusra 680 



Audros 677 



Baird's 682 



Belding's 679 



Bryant's 674 



Chiriqul 681 



Cory's 677 



Hidalgo 685 



Hooded 685 



Jalapa 673 



Lesser Abaco 677 



Luteous 678 



Myiarchusryland 661 



Myiarchusynard's 676 



Northern 664 



Orizaba 683 



Pacific 670 



SaltMyiarchusrsh 672 



San Bias 672 



Southern 667 



Tanner's 676 



Western 668 



Yellow-headed 680 



-throated Creeper 581 



Warbler 578,581 



Warbler 508 



Alaskan 514 



Bahama 517 



Barbados 526 



Bryant's 529 



Cozumel 524 



Cuban 520 



Curacao 525 



DugSs' 513 



Galapagos 521 




884 



INDEX. 



Page. 



Yellow Warbler, Grand Cayman 517 



Guadeloupe 623 



Jamaican 616 



Myiarchusrtinique 526 



Panama 627 



Porto Rican 618 



St. Andrews 624 



Sonoran 612 



Yphautes". 255 



baltimore 314 



baltimorensis 314 



bullockii 289,317 



coztototl 319 



spurius 278 



Yphanthes 255 



Ypophaea 8,9 



Page. 



Yucatan AntTanager IH 



Gray-headed Tanager^ 140 



Oriole 287 



yucatanensis, Icterus gularis 259, 287 



Z. 



Zarhynohns 169, 171, 172, 173, 175 



wagleri 177, 178 



mexicanus 178 



wagleri 176,177 



zena, Fringilla 65, 70, 72 



SpindaliB 64,70,72 



zena 64, 70, 71 



Tanagra 66, 70, 72 



zenoides, Tanagra 65 



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