FI 



v.13' 4 

 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS 



BY 



CHARLES E. HELLMAYR 



ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF BIRDS, 1922-1944 

 AND 



BOARDMAN CONOVER 



RESEARCH ASSOCIATE. BIRDS 



PART I, NUMBER 4 



CATHARTIDAE-ACCIPITRIDAE-PANDIONIDAE 

 FALCONIDAE 



ZOOLOGICAL SERIES 



FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

 VOLUME XIII, PART I, NUMBER 4 



AUGUST 19, 1949 

 PUBLICATION 634 







PUBLICATIONS 

 OF 



FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL 

 HISTORY 



ZOOLOGICAL SERIES 



VOLUME XIII 

 PART I, NUMBER 4 



CHICAGO, U.S.A. 

 1949 >? 



THF 



3 1 1949 





CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS 

 AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS 



IN 

 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA. 



MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST INDIES AND 



ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO 



AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE INCLUDED ON 



ACCOUNT OP THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES 



BY 



CHARLES E. HELLMAYR 



ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF BIRDS, 1922-1944 

 AND 



BOARDMAN CONOVER 



RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, BIRDS 



PART I, NUMBER 4 



CATHARTIDAE-ACCIPITRIDAE-PANDIONIDAE 

 FALCONIDAE 



ZOOLOGICAL SERIES 



FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

 VOLUME XIII, PART I, NUMBER 4 



AUGUST 19, 1949 

 PUBLICATION 634 




PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

 BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS 




v. 13 



PREFACE TO PART I, NUMBER 4 



This, the final number of Part I, completes the Catalogue of 

 Birds of the Americas. In style and arrangement it follows the guid- 

 ing principles of the previous parts. As in Numbers 2 and 3 of 

 Part I, however, because of the war and the death of Charles E. 

 Hellmayr in 1944, the method of collaboration had to be changed 

 somewhat from that followed in Part I, Number 1. A carbon copy 

 of the manuscript of the Falconiformes was received in this country 

 in 1939, but Dr. Hellmayr intended to revise the original, and bring 

 it up to date. However, he died before he had completed the revision 

 and before he had approved the changes found necessary because of 

 material in Field Museum. As before, such emendations have been 

 kept as few as possible. 



The senior author alone is responsible for the manuscript. The 

 junior author is solely responsible for the list of specimens in Field 

 Museum, for the bibliography after 1938, and for a few changes in 

 the manuscript made necessary by specimens acquired after Dr. 

 Hellmayr's departure for Europe. In the one case in which a change 

 was made in the actual taxonomy, a footnote calls attention to the 

 fact and gives the original nomenclature. Elsewhere, when there 

 seemed to be a discrepancy between the manuscript and the results 

 of the study of the literature and the specimens in Field Museum, 

 a footnote has been added with initials appended to indicate the 

 author. Literature up to December 31, 1944 (as given in the Zoo- 

 logical Record) has been added. Some new forms described since 

 that date and before December 31, 1946, and a few important papers 

 will be found mentioned in the footnotes. 



As before, the authors have been greatly benefited by the cordial 

 co-operation of many institutions and individuals, who have lent 

 material and submitted information. To all of them we wish to 

 express our appreciation. Among those who have helped are Dr. 

 John W. Aldrich, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Dr. Arthur Allen, 

 Cornell University, Ithaca; Dr. Alfred M. Bailey, Colorado Museum 

 of Natural History; Professor J. Berlioz, Muse"e d'Histoire Naturelle, 

 Paris; Mr. James Bond, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; 

 Mr. H. W. Brandt, Cleveland, Ohio; the late Major Allan Brooks, 

 Okanagan Landing, Canada; the Chicago Academy of Sciences; Dr. 

 Herbert Friedmann, United States National Museum; Professor 

 0. Fuhrmann, University of Neuchatel; Count Nils Gyldenstolpe, 




Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm; the Museum of the University 

 of Kansas, Lawrence; Captain N. B. Kinnear, British Museum 

 (Natural History); Professor A. Laubmann, Zoological Museum, 

 Munich; Messrs. F. C. Lincoln and W. L. McAtee, U. S. Fish and 

 Wildlife Service; Mr. J. D. Macdonald, British Museum (Natural 

 History); Dr. Alden H. Miller, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 

 Berkeley, California; the late James Moffitt, California Academy of 

 Sciences, San Francisco; Mr. Olaus Murie, U. S. Fish and Wildlife 

 Service; Dr. Robert T. Orr, California Academy of Sciences; Dr. 

 Max Peet, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Dr. James L. Peters, Museum of 

 Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Mr. William H. 

 Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela; Dr. R. A. Philippi-B., Museo Nacional 

 de Chile, Santiago; Professor William Rowan, University of Ed- 

 monton, Alberta; Mr. R. M. de Schauensee, Academy of Natural 

 Sciences, Philadelphia; Count Josef Seilern, Lukov; Professor Morriz 

 Sassi, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; Mr. L. L. Snyder, Royal 

 Ontario Museum, Toronto; the late P. A. Taverner, National Mu- 

 seum of Canada, Ottawa; Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, Carnegie Museum, 

 Pittsburgh; Mr. A. J. van Rossem, Los Angeles, California; Dr. 

 Josselyn Van Tyne, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 

 Ann Arbor; Dr. Alexander Wetmore, United States National Mu- 

 seum; Dr. John T. Zimmer, American Museum of Natural History, 

 New York. 



We are also indebted to Dr. Charles Baehni, Director of the 

 Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva, Switzerland, for his 

 custodianship of the manuscript after Dr. Hellmayr's death. 



Of the Museum Staff, especial acknowledgment is due to the late 

 Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator Emeritus, Department of Zoology; 

 Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator, Department of Zoology; and 

 Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator, Division of Birds, for their help and 

 advice to the junior author; to Mr. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Asso- 

 ciate, Division of Birds; to Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator, 

 Division of Birds, who was responsible for the compilation of the 

 index; and to Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate Editor of Scientific 

 Publications, for reading the manuscript and seeing through the 

 press the last six parts of the Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. 



BOARDMAN CONOVER 



iv 




CONTENTS 



Orders, Families, and Genera Included in Part I, Number 4 



ORDER FALCONIFORMES 



Suborder CATHARTAE 



Family CATHARTIDAE 

 (Condors and Vultures) PAGE 



Vultur Linnaeus 1 



Sarcoramphus Dume'ril 3 



Coragyps Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire 4 



Cathartes Illiger 6 



Gymnogyps Lesson 14 



Suborder FALCONES 

 Superfamily FALCONOIDEA 



Family ACCIPITRIDAE 

 (Kites, Hawks, and Allies) 



Subfamily ELANINAE 



(White-tailed Kites) 



Elanus Savigny 15 



Subfamily PERNINAE 

 (Honey Buzzards and 

 Swallow-tailed Kites) 



Elanofdes Vieillot 18 



Leptodon Sundevall 22 



Chondrohierax Lesson 26 



Subfamily MILVINAE 

 (True Kites) 



Harpagus Vigors 32 



Ictinia Vieillot 37 



Roslrhamus Lesson 41 



Helicolestes Bangs and Penard 47 



Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE 

 (Bird Hawks) 



Accipiter Brisson 48 



Heterospizias Sharpe 80 



Subfamily BUTEONINAE 

 (Buzzards and Eagles) 



Buteo Lac6pede 84 



Parabuteo Ridgway 164 



Leucopternis Kaup 169 



Urubitinga Lafresnaye 181 



Buteogallus Lesson 187 



Busarellus Lesson 193 



Harpyhaliaetus Lafresnaye 197 



Morphmis Dumont 200 



Harpia Vieillot 203 



Oroaetus Ridgway 205 



Spizastur G. R. Gray 206 



Spizaetus Vieillot 208 



Aquila Brisson 214 



Haliaeetus Savigny 215 



Subfamily CIRCINAE 

 (Harriers) 



Circus Lacepede 218 



Geranospiza Kaup 227 



Family PANDIONIDAE 



(Ospreys) 

 Pandion Savigny 234 



Family FALCONIDAE 

 (Falcons) 



Subfamily HERPETOTHERINAE 

 (Laughing Hawks) 



Herpetotheres Vieillot 237 



Micrastur G. R. Gray 242 



Subfamily DAPTRIINAE 

 (Caracaras) 



Daptrius Vieillot 259 



Milvago Spix 265 



Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny 274 



Caracara Merrem 281 



Subfamily POLIHIERACINAE 

 (Pygmy Falcons) 



Spiziapteryx Kaup 288 



Gampsonyx Vigors 289 



Subfamily FALCONINAE 



(Falcons) 

 Falco Linnaeus . . . 293 




NEW NAME PROPOSED IN PART I, NUMBER 4 



PAGE 



Buteo nitidus blakei nom. nov. . . 1 60 



vi 




CATALOGUE 



OF 

 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS 



PART I 

 NO. 4 



BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR AND BOARDMAN CONOVER 



Order FALCONIFORMES 



Suborder CATHARTAE 

 Family CATHARTIDAE. Condors and Vultures 



Genus VULTUR Linnaeus 



Vultur Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 type, by subs, desig. 

 (Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 24, p. 11, Dec., 1907), Vultur gryphus 

 Linnaeus. 



Gryphus Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 530, 1854 type, by tautonymy, 

 Vultur cuntur "Dum." (condor ~Less.) Vultur gryphus Linnaeus. 



"Vultur gryphus Linnaeus. CONDOR. 



Vultur gryphus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 based on 

 "Vultur gryps Gryphus" Klein (Hist. Av. Prodr., p. 45) and "Cuntur" 

 Raius (Syn. Av., p. 11), Chile; 1 Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, 

 Obsers. Zool. Anat. Comp., 1, pp. 26-45, pis. 8, 9, circa 1806 Andes 

 of Colombia, Ecuador (Chimborazo), and Peru (descr.; habits); Scott and 

 Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patagonia, 2, (2), p. 526, 1915 

 Cape Fairweather, Patagonia; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 278 Sinche, 

 Guaranda, Ecuador; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 1, 1921 Venezuela to Pata- 

 gonia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 1922 

 Pichincha and near Zambiza, Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 2, 1924 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 216, 1926 

 Pichincha and Chimborazo, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 189, 

 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 293, 

 1932 Chile (full bibliog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La 

 Plata, 1, p. 376, 1936 Catamarca (Andalgala), NeuquSn, Santa Cruz 



1 In Ray's account the locality Herradura, not far from the Isla La Mocha, 

 off Arauco, is specifically mentioned. 




2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



(Rio Deseado) (full bibliog. for Argentina); Housse, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

 "Javier Prado," Lima, 4, p. 233, 1940 (gen. ace.); Lehmann, Rev. Acad. 

 Colombiana Cienc., Bogotd, 3, p. 457, pi. 2, 1940 (gen. ace.). 



Vultur magellanicus Shaw, Mus. Lever., 1, p. 1, pi. 1, 1792 Straits of Magellan 

 (type in Leverian Museum, now in Vienna Museum; cf. Pelzeln, Ibis, 

 1873, p. 16). 



Vultur condor Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 2, pis. 2-4, 1809 new name for 

 Vultur magellanicus Shaw. 



Gypagus gryffus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 36, p. 450, 1819 

 emendation of Vultur gryphus Linnaeus. 



Cathartes gryphus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 23, pis. 133, 408, 

 494, June, 1822 (monog.; fig. of adult and young). 



Sarcoramphus condor Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 25, Feb., 1830 new 

 name for Vultur gryphus Linnaeus; Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, 

 p. 194, pi. (osteology), 1847 Chile (habits). 



Sarcoramphus gryphus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me"rid., Ois., p. 17, 1835 

 Andes and Patagonian Rio Negro (habits); Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, 

 Birds, p. 1, 1838 Cordilleras of Chile and Patagonia (mouth of Rio 

 Negro; Port Desire; mouth of Rio Santa Cruz); Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 

 8, p. 241, 1860 Sierra de Aconquija, Tucuman; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 

 382 Paramo de Pamplona, above Vetas, Colombia. 



Gryphus cuntur "Dum." Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 530, 1854 

 substitute name for [S.] condor "Lesson." 



Sarcorhamphus gryphus Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 433, 1861 

 Sierras de Cordoba and Aconquija; Orton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 

 8, p. 186, 1871 Ecuador (plumages; habits); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 20, 1874 (monog.); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 75, 1884 

 Peru; Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 248, 1891 Rio Gallegos, 

 Patagonia; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 238, 1910 

 (range in Argentina); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 237, 

 1917 Almaguer, Colombia; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 303, 

 1923 western Rio Negro. 



Sarcorhamphus aequatorialis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 21, 1874 

 Quito, Ecuador (no type extant); 1 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 

 p. 349, pi. 35 (young) Peru (crit.); Ridgway, Auk, 2, p. 169, 1885 

 (plumages ; = young) . 



Sarcorhamphus gryphus gryphus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 1, 1919 (range). 



Sarcorhamphus gryphus aequatorialis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 1, 1919 

 Ecuador. 



Vultur gryphus gryphus Swann, Auk, 38, p. 357, 1921 near Me>ida, Venezuela. 



Range. Andes of western Venezuela (Cordillera of Me'rida) and 

 Colombia (excluding the Santa Marta Mountains), south in the 

 mountains to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego (Spion), 

 and also on the Atlantic coast of Patagonia south of the Rio Negro. 



1 Based partly on Orton's account of a brown "species" of Condor occurring 

 in the Ecuadorian Andes, partly on a zoo specimen in the brown immature plumage. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 3 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Colombia (El Tambo, Cauca, 1); 

 Ecuador (Valle de Yunguilla, Azuay, 1); Argentina (Aconquija, 

 Tucuman, 1). 



Genus SARCORAMPHUS DumeYil 



Sarcoramphus Dumeril, Zool. Anal., p. 32, 1806 type, by subs, desig. (Vigors, 

 Zool. Journ., 2, pp. 381 [footnote], 384, 1825), Vultur papa Linnaeus. 



Gypagus Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. El&n., p. 21, April, 1816 type, by subs, 

 desig. (Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 

 3, p. 337 [note 2], 1874), Vultur papa Linnaeus. 



Gyparchus Gloger, Hand. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1, livr. 3, p. 235, 1841 (emendation). 



*Sarcoramphus papa (Linnaeus). KING VULTURE. 



Vultur papa Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 based on "Vultur 

 elegans" Edwards (Nat. Hist. Bds., 1, p. 2, pi. 2), and "The Warwouwen" 

 Albin (Nat. Hist. Bds., 2, p. 4, pi. 4), "in India occiden tali" = Surinam 

 (auct. Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908); Schomburgk, Reisen 

 Brit. Guiana, 1, pp. 464-465, 1847 Pirara (habits; descr. of female). 



Gypagus papa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 36, p. 456, 1819; 

 Salvadori and Festa, Bull. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 27, 1900 

 Gualaquiza and Rio Peripa, Ecuador; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 81, 

 1907 Sao Paulo and Rio Jurua, Amazonas (range); Berlepsch, Nov. 

 Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908 Cayenne; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 18, p. 238, 1910 Tucuman and Salta; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 41, 

 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, 

 p. 237, 1917 Cauca and Magdalena rivers, Colombia. 



Sarcoramphus papa d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. MeYid., Ois., p. 28, 1835 Para- 

 guay, Brazil, and Bolivia (habits); Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 1, 1866 

 Trinidad; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 441, 1910 Costa Rica 

 (Bonilla, Cariblanco de Sarapiquf, Pozo Azul de Pirrfs); Chubb, Bds. 

 Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 206, 1916 Rupununi River, Great Savannas, Mazaruni 

 River, Berbice, Siparuni, and Barima River; Todd and Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 141, 1922 Bonda and Minca, Colombia; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 24, 1924 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 60, p. 100, 1930 Matto Grosso (bibliog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 190, 1931 (range); Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 586 Trinidad 

 (not seen since 1913); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 

 1, p. 378, 1936 (full bibliog.; range in Argentina); Harper, Auk, 53, 

 p. 381, 1936 St. John's River, above Lake George, Florida; Pinto, Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., 22, p. 58, 1938 Sao Paulo (Sao Jose" do Rio Pardo, Val- 

 paraiso) and Goyaz (Rio das Almas) (range); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Matamoros, Campeche; Gyldenstolpe, 

 K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 25, 1945 Igarape Grande, Rio 

 Jurua, Brazil (var. other Amazon localities); idem, I.e., (3), 23, p. 46, 

 1945 Bolivia (Bresta and San Lorenzo, El Beni). 



Sarcorhamphus papa Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 

 743, 1849; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867 Sao Paulo (Itarare", Murun- 




4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



gaba), Goyaz (Rio Araguay), Matto Grosso (Jacobina, Caifara, Engenho 

 do Cap Gama), and Amazonia (Borba, Rio Madeira; Serra Carauman, 

 Rio Branco), Brazil; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 81, 1884 Peru; Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 131, 1901 Mexico to 

 Panama; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 216, 1926 Esmeraldas, 

 Chongon Hills, and Puna Island, Ecuador; Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 148, 

 1932 Guatemala (both coasts); Lehmann, Rev. Acad. Colombiana 

 Cienc., Bogota, 3, p. 458, pi. 1, 1940 (gen. ace.). 



Gyparchus papa Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 214 coast region of Central 

 America; Taylor, I.e., 1864, p. 79 eastern Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 189 lower Amazon; iidem, I.e., p. 753 

 Xeberos, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 301 Xeberos and Santa Cruz, Peru. 



Cathartes papa Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 22, 1874 (monog.). 



Range. Tropical Mexico south through Central and South 

 America (including the Island of Trinidad) to Rio Grande do Sul, 

 Paraguay, Bolivia and northern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman, 

 La Rioja, Chaco, and Santa F6*). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 26: Guatemala, Izabal (Los Amates, 

 3; Bobos, 1); El Salvador (Rio San Miguel, San Miguel, 1); Panama 

 (Boqueron, Chiriqui, 1; Coiba Island, 4); Colombia (Sierra de 

 Baudo, Choco, 1; Tocagua, Atlantico, 1); British Guiana (George- 

 town, 1); Brazil (Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 1; Lago Grande, Rio 

 Jurua, 1; Piquiatuba, Rio Tapajos, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajos, 

 1); Paraguay (Capitan Bado, Cerro Amambay, 6); Bolivia (Buena 

 Vista, Santa Cruz, 2); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 1). 



Genus CORAGYPS Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire 



Coragyps T. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, in Le Maout, Hist. Nat. Ois., p. 66, 

 1853 type, by monotypy, Coragyps urubu=Vultur urubu Vieillot=VttWur 

 atratus Bechstein. 



*Coragyps atratus (Bechstein). BLACK VULTURE. 



Vullur atratus Bechstein, Anhang, Band 1, Latham's Allg. Uebers. Vogel, 

 p. 655, 1793 based on "Black Vulture or Carrion Crow" Bartram, 

 Travels North and South Carolina, pp. 152 (descr.), 289, 1791, St. John's 

 River, Florida. 



Vultur urubu Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 1, p. 23, pi. 2, Sept., 1807 

 Florida and South America (no type specified). 



Cathartes foetens Lichtenstein, Verz. Ausgest. Saug. Vogel Zool. Mus. Berlin, 

 p. 30, 1818 based on "Iribu" Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Pax. Parag., 

 1, p. 19, No. 2, Paraguay; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 58, 1830 

 Brazil; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867 Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. 



1 About the possible former occurrence of the King Vulture (Bartram's Vultur 

 sacra) on St. John's River, Florida, in 1774 or 1775, see Harper, Auk, 53, pp. 381- 

 392, 1936, and McAtee, I.e., 59, p. 104, 1942. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 5 



Cathartes brasiliensis Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (1), p. 9, 1850 South 



America and "Antilles" (no type specified; southern Brazil designated as 



type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908). 

 Catharistes atratus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 24, 1874 (monog.); 



Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 84, 1884 Peru. 

 Catharista atrata Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 133, 



1901 Mexico to Panama (bibliog.). 

 Catharista atratus brasiliensis Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. 



Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 567, 1906 (crit.); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, 



p. 81, 1907 Sao Paulo (Ypiranga) and Amazonas (Rio Jurua). 

 Catharista urubu brasiliensis Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 442, 1910 



Costa Rica. 

 Catharista urubu Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H. f 36, p. 238, 1917 



Santa Elena, Colombia. 

 Coragyps urubu Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 142, 1922 



Bonda, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 148, 1932 



Guatemala. 

 Coragyps atratus foetens Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 



1922 Machangara River, Quito, and Cumbaya, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. 



World, 1, p. 190, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 



Ser., 19, p. 292, 1932 Chile (bibliog.); Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. 



Wash., 46, p. 187, 1933 (crit.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. 



La Plata, 1, p. 380, 1936 (range in Argentina; bibliog.); Pinto, Rev. 



Mus. Paul., 22, p. 59, 1938 (range in Brazil); Lehmann, Rev. Acad. Co- 



lombiana Cienc., Bogota, 3, p. 459, pi. 2, fig. b, 1940 (gen. ace.); Murphy, 



Auk, 62, p. 116, 1945 Pearl Island, Panama. 

 Coragyps urubu foetens Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 9, 1924 South 



America (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 217, 1926 



Quito, Ecuador (crit.; meas.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 91, 



1926 Chaco (Las Palmas, Resistencia), Formosa (Formosa), Paraguay 



(west of Puerto Pinasco), Uruguay, etc. (crit.). 

 Coragyps atratus atratus Bruner, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., 14, p. 105, 



1940 Cuba (status; range). 

 Coragyps atratus Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 530, 1941 highlands 



of Guatemala; van Rossem, Condor, 45, p. 121, 1943 Cerralvo Island, 



Lower California; Brodkorb, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters, 



29, p. 115, 1943 (published 1944) (geog. var.); van Rossem, Occ. Pap. 



Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 52, 1945 Sonora (distr.). 

 Coragyps atratus brasiliensis Brodkorb, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and 



Letters, 29, p. 119 (in text), 1943 (birds from tropical America said to 



be distinct). 



Range. North America, from Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, and 

 Maryland southward through Central and South America (including 

 the island of Trinidad) to Chilo6 Island and Llanquihue on the west 

 coast, and to northern Argentina and Uruguay east of the Andes. 1 



1 We agree with Friedmann (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, pp. 187-189, 1933) 

 that the average smaller size of the South American individuals is not sufficiently 

 constant to warrant their separation as C. a. foetens. 




6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 30: Texas (Cameron County, 5); 

 Florida (Amelia Island, 1; Anclote, 1; St. John's River, 1); Mexico 

 (Camoa, Sonora, 1); Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabal, 1); Panama 

 (Port Obaldia, Darien, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Cauca, 10); 

 British Guiana (Buxton, 2); Bolivia (Aiquile, Cochabamba, 2; Tin- 

 Tin, Cochabamba, 1; Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 1); Paraguay (265 

 km. west of Puerto Casado, 2); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 1). 



Genus CATHARTES Illiger 



Cathartes Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 236, 1811 type, by subs, desig. 

 (Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2, p. 384, 1825), Vultur aura Linnaeus. 



Catharista Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 21, April, 1816 type, by 

 subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 2, 1855), Vultur aura 

 Linnaeus. 



Rhinogryphus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 343, Jan., 1874 type, by orig. desig., Vultur aura Linnaeus. 



Catharistes Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 23, 1874 emendation of 

 Catharista Vieillot. 



Oenops Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 25, after June 1, 1874 substitute 

 for "Catharista et Cathartes, auct. recent." (no type specified). 



*Cathartes aura teter Friedmann. 1 WESTERN TURKEY VULTURE. 



Cathartes aura teter Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, p. 188, Oct. 26, 



1933 Riverside, California (type in the United States National Museum); 



van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 52, 



1945 Sonora (distr.; disc.). 

 Cathartes aura septentrionalis (not of Wied) Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 



32, p. 106, 1928 Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. 



N. H., 6, p. 241, 1931 Sonora (Guaymas, Tobari Bay, El Doctor, Pes- 



queira, etc.). 



Range. Austral zone of western North America, from southern 

 British Columbia, central Alberta, Saskatchewan, southern Mani- 

 toba, Wisconsin, northern Minnesota, and northwestern Michigan 

 south to southern Lower California, northern Mexico (Sonora, 

 Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas to Jalisco), and east to Texas; winters 

 from California and Nebraska southward. 



Field Museum Collection. 13: British Columbia (Victoria, 1; 

 Okanagan, 1); North Dakota (Ramsey County, 1); California (San 

 Diego County, 1); Utah (Cedar City, Iron County, 3); Texas 



1 Cathartes aura teter Friedmann: Similar in coloration to C. o. aura and C. a. 

 septentrionalis, but with the short wing of the former and the long tail of the latter. 

 Wing, 480-528; tail, 252-282 mm. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 7 



(Brownsville, 2); Mexico (Samachique, Chihuahua, 2; Serra Torahu- 

 more, Chihuahua, 1; Horsetail Falls, Nuevo Leon, 1). 



*Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied. EASTERN TURKEY 

 VULTURE. 



Cathartes septentrionalis Wied, Reise Nord-Amerika, 1, p. 162 (footnote), 

 1839 near New Harmony, Indiana (no type preserved); idem, Journ. 

 Orn., 4, p. 120, 1856 on the Wabash River, near New Harmony, Indiana 

 (full descr.). 



Cathartes aura septentrionalis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 125, 1909 

 (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 14, 1924 (in part); Friedmann, 

 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, p. 188, 1933 (range); Sutton, Auk, 59, p. 304, 

 1942 Newfoundland and Labrador; Coles, I.e., 61, p. 219, 1944 Ohio 

 (nesting in caves). 



Range. Eastern North America, from southern Ontario, New 

 York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and eastern 

 Iowa south through Missouri and Arkansas to Louisiana, the Gulf 

 states and southern Florida; casual in northern Ontario and north- 

 ern New England, in New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. 



Field Museum Collection. 9: Connecticut (New Fairfield, 1; 

 New Milford, 1); Illinois (Henry, Marshall County, 1); North 

 Carolina (Pea Island, Dare County, 1; Raleigh, 2); Florida (Anclote, 

 1; Enterprise, 2). 



*Cathartes aura aura (Linnaeus). TURKEY VULTURE. 



Vultur aura Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 based principally 

 upon "Tzopilotle S. Aura" Hernandez, Hist. Nov. Hisp., p. 331, type 

 locality as designated by Nelson (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 124, 

 1905), State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 



Cathartes (Vultur) urbis incola (Ricord MS.) Lesson, Comple'm. Buffon, 2nd 

 ed., 2, p. 93, 1840 1 Haiti (Santo Domingo) 2 (no type extant). 



Cathartes burrovianus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1845, p. 212 

 near City of Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, 

 Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 31, 1899); 

 Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 83, 1880 (crit.); Nelson, Proc. Biol. 

 Soc. Wash., 18, p. 124, 1905 (crit.). 



Cathartes urbicola Des Murs, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 153, 1853 substitute 

 name for Cathartes urbis incola (Ricord) Lesson. 



1 The name may have to be quoted from the 8vo edition of the work published 

 in 1838 and 1839. We have not been able to consult this edition. 



2 Though stated by Ricord to be common in the Spanish section, the Turkey 

 Vulture appears to have become extinct on the island of Hispaniola. Ricord also 

 claims to have seen the bird on the banks of the Orinoco and at Port-of-Spain, 

 Trinidad (both localities refer, of course, to C. a. ruficollis), as well as in Santiago- 

 de-Cuba, "St. Vincent," "Santa Lucia," and "Dominica." 




8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cathartes ricordi Des Murs, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 153, 1853 substitute 

 name for Cathartes urbis incola (Ricord) Lesson. 



Cathartes aura Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 Santander, Colombia; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1879, p. 542 Dept. Antioquia, 

 Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 178 Santa Marta, Co- 

 lombia; Cory, Bds. Bahamas, p. 134, 1880 Andros and Abaco; Robinson, 

 Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 154, 1895 Barranquilla, Honda, and Guaduas, 

 Colombia (eggs descr.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 

 3, p. 135, 1901 part, Central America, Colombia, and West Indies; 

 Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 122, 1905 (crit.; meas.; range); 

 Piguet, M6m. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 806, 1914 Medellin, Colombia; 

 Bond, Bds. W. Ind., p. 60, 1936 Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Puerto 

 Rico (introduced), Haiti (extirpated), Bahamas (Andros, Great Bahama, 

 Abaco; extirpated on New Providence). 



Oenops aura Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 25, 1874 part, Jamaica and 

 Mexico. 



Cathartes aura aura Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 238, 1917 

 Santa Elena and Puerto Valdivia, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 141, 1922 Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Colombia; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 11, 1924 (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 133, p. 89, 1926 (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 190, 1931 

 (range); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 364, 1931 Rio Frio, 

 Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 148, 

 1932 Guatemala; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 23, p. 95, 1938 El Salvador; Burleigh, Auk, 55, p. 520, 1938 (records 

 for Cape Sable, Florida); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 531, 

 1941 Guatemalan highlands. 



Cathartes aura meridionalis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 1, p. 3, Sept. 28, 1921 

 "Colombia" (type, from Santa Marta, in British Museum examined). 



Cathartes aura insularis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 1, p. 3, Sept. 28, 1921 

 Cozumel Island, Mexico (type in British Museum examined). 



Range. From central Mexico through Central America to north- 

 ern and eastern Colombia (Antioquia, Santa Marta, 1 lower Magda- 

 lena Valley); Bahama Islands (Andros, Great Bahama, Abaco); 

 Greater Antilles (Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica; introduced into the 

 southwestern portion of Puerto Rico, extirpated in Hispaniola). 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Bahama Islands (Abaco, 1; Andros, 

 1); Mexico, Michoacan (Tancitaro, 1; Santa Catarina, 1); Guate- 

 mala (Los Amates, Izabal, 1); Honduras (Tegucigalpa, Tegucigalpa, 

 1). 



*Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix. 2 RED-NECKED TURKEY VULTURE. 



1 We cannot satisfactorily distinguish the type of C. a. meridionalis (from 

 Santa Marta) from Mexican specimens, and are therefore inclined to agree with 

 Todd and Wetmore in extending the range of C. a. aura to Colombia. 



2 Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix: Similar to C. a. aura, but blacker throughout; 

 dark brown edges to upper wing coverts and along outer web of secondaries more 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 9 



Cathartes ruficollis Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1824 interior of Bahfa 

 and Piauhy, Brazil (type lost, formerly in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, 

 Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 567, 1906); 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 211, 1916 Ituribisi River; Young, Ibis, 

 1929, p. 4 coastland of British Guiana. 



Cathartes aura (not Vultur aura Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me"rid., 

 Ois., p. 38, 1834 part, Corrientes; Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 pp. 394, 461, 1847 Pirara (habits); Cabanis, I.e., 3, p. 742, 1849 British 

 Guiana; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 172, 1862 (soft parts); 

 idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867 Rio de Janeiro (Forte do Sao Joao, Sapi- 

 tiba), Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema, Itarare"), Parana (Fachina 

 Velha), and Amazonas (Forte do Rio Branco); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1882, p. 624 Concepci6n, Misiones; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143 

 lower Pilcomayo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 Cha- 

 pada, Matto Grosso; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 24, p. 167, 1901 La Guaira, Venezuela; Lowe, Ibis, 1907, p. 555 

 Margarita Island, Venezuela (soft parts); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, 

 p. 82, 1907 Ilha de Sao Sebastiao and Piquete, Sao Paulo; Bertoni, 

 Faun. Parag., p. 41, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay. 



Cathartes urubitinga (not C. urubutinga Pelzeln) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 south bank (of the Amazon) about 100 

 miles above the Rio Negro, Brazil (specimen in British Museum examined). 



Oenops pernigra Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 26, 1874 part, spec, a 

 (type, from "north" [= south] side of the River Amazon, in British Museum 

 examined). 



Oenops aura Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 18, 1907 Mexiana; 

 Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 88, 1910 

 Joazeiro, Bahia. 



Cathartes aura pernigra Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908 Cayenne; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 122, 1914 Para, Marajo (Cambu, 

 Sao Natal), and Mexiana; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 62, p. 33, 1918 Paramaribo and Overtoom, Surinam (crit.). 



Cathartes aura aura Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 237, 1909 part, 

 Mocovf, Santa Fe". 



restricted or even absent. Besides, dimensions are generally smaller, though 

 occasional individuals are just as large as typical aura, as has already been observed 

 by Laubmann. The type of 0. pernigra, a specimen in high plumage, with mere 

 traces of brown margins to some of the secondaries and wing coverts, is exactly 

 like one from Bahfa and another from British Guiana (Ituribisi River). The 

 type is the specimen obtained by A. R. Wallace "on the south bank of the Amazon, 

 about 100 miles above the Rio Negro" (=Rio Solimoes) and originally recorded 

 by Sclater and Salvin as C. urubitinga. There is nothing to indicate that its head 

 ever was yellow, and O. pernigra Sharpe becomes a pure synonym of C. a. ruficollis. 

 Compared to C. a. jota, the present form may be distinguished by its generally 

 smaller size and especially by the reduction (or even absence) of the dark brown 

 markings to the wing coverts and outer webs of secondaries. 



Additional material examined. British Guiana: Annai, 1; Ituribisi River, 2; 

 unspecified, 2. Brazil: Forte de Rio Branco, 1; Rio Solimoes, 1; Bahfa, 3; Joazeiro, 

 Bahfa, 1; Sao Paulo, 3. Paraguay: Villa Rica, 1. 




10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cathartes pernigra Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 336, 1916 

 Orinoco Valley (Agua Salada de Bolivar, Caicara), Venezuela, and British 

 Guiana (Mashapee, Araby) (crit.). 



Cathartes aura perniger Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 2, 1919 (range). 



Cathartes aura ruficollis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 16, 1924 (monog.); 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, pp. 88, 89, 1926 Paraguay (west 

 of Puerto Pinasco), Uruguay (San Vicente, Lazcano), and Chaco Argentino 

 (crit; range); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 102, 1930 

 Mutum Cavallo and Utiarity, Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. 

 Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 91, 1930 Lapango (Formosa) and 

 Misiones (crit.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 59, 1930 Sao Paulo 

 (Ilha Sao Sebastiao, Piquete, Rio Parana, Rio de Penis) and Goyaz 

 (Jaragua); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 Venezuela to Paraguay; 

 Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 371, 1934 Des- 

 calvados and Piraputanga, Matto Grosso; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 

 1934, p. 586 Trinidad (breeding); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 389, 1936 (range in Argentina); Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 20, p. 59, 1936 Fazenda ThornS Pinto, near Jaragua, Goyaz; 

 Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Hand!., (3), 23, p. 47, 1945 Bolivia 

 (El Consuelo and Bresta, El Beni) (disc.). 



Range. Island of Trinidad, Venezuela, and the Guianas south 

 through Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and eastern 

 Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes, Santa F, Formosa and Chaco). 



Field Museum Collection. 9: Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 3); 

 Brazil (Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1); Bolivia (Rio Yapacani, Santa 

 Cruz, 2); Paraguay (Horqueta, 1; Rosario, 1; 265 km. west of 

 Puerto Casado, 2). 



*Cathartes aura jota (Molina). 1 CHILEAN TURKEY VULTURE. 



1 Cathartes aura jota (Molina) is rather variable, but may be separated from 

 ruficollis by generally larger size and the greater amount of brown (or grayish) 

 markings on wing coverts and secondaries. 



Separation of the Falkland Island birds appears impracticable. Of eight 

 Falkland specimens six indeed have the outer web of the secondaries conspicuously 

 and broadly margined with light brownish gray becoming hoary along the edge, 

 and in two or three birds similar markings are also present on the greater wing 

 coverts. Two have these light wing-markings more or less strongly shaded with 

 brownish. In two adults (one from Berkeley Sound, the type locality of C. falk- 

 landica) the markings are, however, just as dark brown as in specimens from Peru 

 (Arequipa) and Ecuador, whereas in one from Chorillos, near Lima, they are just 

 as conspicuously grayish brown with hoary edge as in any from the Falklands. 

 One each from Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, and Tom Bay (Magellan Straits) 

 can be matched by average Falkland birds, while another adult from Tom Bay 

 has brown edges like Ecuadorian birds. In three skins from Santiago de Chile 

 the grayish-edged type is represented by one, the brown-edged by two individuals. 

 An adult from Choro, Cochabamba, Bolivia (supposedly C. orbignyi Sztolcman), 

 is a thoroughly normal individual with dark brown wing-markings. It also 

 seems hardly possible that C. occipitalis based upon a single bird from Huambo 

 is anything but an individual variation, Salvador! and Festa having recorded a 

 specimen with similarly colored head from the Rio Peripa, Ecuador. Considering 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 11 



Vulcur [sic] jota Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, pp. 265, 343, 1782 Chile. 1 



Cathartes aura (not Vultur aura Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., 

 Ois., p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1834 part, Patagonia (Rio Negro) and Pacific 

 region from Chiloe" to Guayaquil; Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Bds., p. 8, 

 1838 Chile and Falkland Islands; Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. 

 Chile, Zool., 1, p. 202, 1847 Copiapo to Chiloe", Chile; Gould, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 93, 1859 Falkland Islands; Sclater, I.e., 28, 

 p. 383, 1860 Falkland Islands; Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 149 Falkland 

 Islands (habits); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 

 988 Arequipa, Peru; iidem, Ibis, 1869, p. 284 Hasleyn Cove, Messier 

 Channel; iidem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 435 Falkland Islands 

 (crit.); Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 6, 1891 Orange Bay and 

 Horn Island, Patagonia; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. 

 Patagonia, 2, Orn., p. 546, 1915 Patagonia. 



Catharista falklandica Sharpe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11, p. 133, Feb., 

 1873 Falkland Islands (type, from Berkeley Sound, in British Museum 

 examined). 



Oenops falklandica Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1874 

 Berkeley Sound, Falkland Islands. 



Rhinogryphus aura Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 9 Tom Bay, 

 Magellan Straits; Vallentin, Mem. Proc. Manchester Litt. Phil. Soc., 48, 

 No. 25, p. 38, 1904 Falkland Islands. 



Oenops pernigra (not of Sharpe) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 

 p. 47 Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 89, 1884 Peru. 



Cathartes falklandicus(a) Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2), 

 20, p. 612, 1900 Keppel Island, Falklands; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. 

 Princet. Univ. Exped. Patagonia, 2, Orn., p. 551, 1915 southern Chile, 

 Tierra del Fuego, and Falkland Islands; Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 61, p. 157, 1917 Falkland Islands. 



Cathartes burroviana (not of Cassin) Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 27, 1900 part, Rio Peripa, Ecuador. 



Cathartes aura falklandicus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 2, 1919 Falkland 

 Islands, Patagonia, and Chile; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 13, 1924 

 (monog.). 



Cathartes aura jota Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 4, 1921 Falkland Islands, Pata- 

 gonia, and Chile (north to Concepcion); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 12, 1924 (monog., excl. of Colombia, except the upper Cauca Valley); 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 90, 1926 Straits of Magellan 

 through the Andes of Chile (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 



the somewhat erratic variation in the wing-markings we are inclined to agree 

 with Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, pp. 217-218, 1926) in uniting the 

 populations of the Falklands and the whole Andean region under C. a. jota, but 

 would also refer here, and not to C. a. ruficollis, the inhabitants of western Ecuador. 



Additional material examined. Falkland Islands, 10; Beagle Channel, Tierra 

 del Fuego, 1; Tom Bay, Magellan Straits, 2; Corral Valdivia, Chile, 1; Santiago 

 de Chile, 3; La Rioja, 1; Choro, Bolivia, 1; Arequipa, 1; Chorillos, Lima, 1; Monji, 

 Ecuador, 2. 



1 Swann (Syn. Accip., p. 4, 1921) suggests Concepci6n as type locality. 




12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



55, p. 218, 1926 La Plata Island, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, 



p. 191, 1931 (range excl. of Colombia); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 



Zool. Ser., 19, p. 291, 1932 Chile (bibliog.); Bullock, Rev. Chil. Hist. 



Nat., 39, p. 241, 1935 Isla la Mocha (resident); Steullet and Deautier, 



Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 383, 1936 (bibliog.; range in Argentina); 



Lehmann, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc., Bogotd, 3, p. 460, pi. 2, fig. a, 



1940 (gen. ace.). 

 Cathartes perniger (not Oenops pernigra Sharpe) Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. 



Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 1922 Cumbaya, Ecuador. 

 Cathartes occipitalis Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 4, p. 319, 



Dec. 1, 1925 Huambo, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum). 

 Cathartes orbignyi Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 4, p. 322 (in 



text), Dec. 1, 1925 based on C. aura d'Orbigny, Voy. Am6r. Me>id., 



Ois., pi. 1, fig. 3 (specimen lost). 

 Cathartes aura ruficollis (not of Spix) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 



p. 217, 1926 Jambeli Island, Las Pinas, Cumbaya, and Ambato, Ecuador. 

 Cathartes aura falklandica Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 90, 1926 



(crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 (range). 



Range. From the upper Cauca Valley of Colombia south in 

 the Andes through Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina to 

 Tierra del Fuego. Also found in the lowlands south of Tarapaca, 

 Chile, and the Rio Negro, Argentina. The Falkland Islands. 



Field Museum Collection. 22: Colombia, Cauca (San Antonio, 

 1; El Tambo, 8); Bolivia (Aiquile, Cochabamba, 4; Colomi, Cocha- 

 bamba, 5; Vacas, Cochabamba, 1; Capinota, Cochabamba, 1); 

 Chile, Aconcagua (Palmillo, 1; Papudo-Limache, 1). 



*Cathartes urubutinga Pelzeln. 1 YELLOW-HEADED TURKEY 

 VULTURE. 



Cathartes urubutinga Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. 

 Wien, 44, p. 7, 1861 Brazil (type, from Forte do Rio Branco, Amazonas, 

 in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, 

 pp. 133, 173, 1862 Sapitiba (Rio de Janeiro), Irisanga (Sao Paulo) and 

 Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867 

 same localities; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 82, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 82, 1907 Venezuela (range in Brazil); Snethlage, 

 Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 122, 1914 Maraj6, Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., 



1 Cathartes urubutinga Pelzeln is quite distinct from C. aura, its principal 

 characteristics being the fleshy caruncles scattered over the sides and back of the 

 neck; the yellow head with verditer blue to bluish white hind crown, forming a 

 sharply circumscribed dusky patch in dried skins; the predominantly greenish 

 instead of purplish gloss of the plumage; and the lesser development of the ruff. 



Additional material examined. Surinam, 1. Venezuela: Caicara, Rio Orinoco, 

 2. Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 4; Para, 1; Sapitiba, Rio de 

 Janeiro, 1. Peru: Chyavetas, 2. Paraguay: Fort Wheeler, west of Puerto 

 Pinasco, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 13 



p. 41, 1914 Paraguay; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 

 1928 Rio Inhangapy, Para; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco 

 Exp., Vogel, p. 90, 1930 Lapango, Formosa; Brodkorb, Occ. Pap. Mus. 

 Zool. Univ. Mich., 349, p. 2, 1937 Caviana Island, Brazil; Pinto, Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., 22, p. 60, 1938 Rio Pardo, Matto Grosso. 



Cathartes urubitinga Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 224 Surinam 

 (crit.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 437 Angostura, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela 

 (crit.); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 236, 1909 Mocovf and 

 Ocampo, Santa F6 (crit.; eggs descr.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. 

 Inst., 2, p. 338, 1916 Venezuela (San Mateo de Caicara and Caicara, 

 Orinoco) and British Guiana (Georgetown) (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 17, 1924 (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, 

 p. 86, 1926 Chaco (Resistencia, Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho Pilaga), 

 Uruguay (Lazcano), and Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco) (crit.; 

 habits); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 390, 1936 (range in Argentina); Lehmann, 

 Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc., Bogota, 3, p. 461, pi. 1, 1940 (gen. ace.); 

 Dugand, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 54, 1941 Vaupes, Colombia. 



Cathartes aura (not Vultur aura Linnaeus) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 753 Chyavetas, Peru (specimen examined); iidem, 

 I.e., 1873, p. 301 Chyavetas. 



Oenops urubitinga Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 28, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1874 

 Surinam and Peru (Chyavetas); Taczanowski, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 91, 1884 

 Chyavetas, Peru. 



Cathartes burrovianus (not of Cassin) Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 4, 

 1884 (crit.); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. Ill, 1902 Caicara, 

 Rio Orinoco, Venezuela (soft parts). 



(l)Cathartes burroviana Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, 

 No. 368, p. 27, 1900 part, Gualaquiza, Ecuador. 



Cathartes aura urubitinga Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 3, 1919 (range, excl. 

 of Mexico). 



Cathartes ruficollis (not of Spix) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 4, 1921 (chars.; range). 



Range. Northern and eastern Colombia (Santa Marta, Rio 

 Vaupes), southern Venezuela (Orinoco Valley), the Guianas, 1 Brazil 

 (Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco; Marajo, Caviana, and Rio 

 Guama, Para; Sapitiba and Santo Thome", Rio de Janeiro; Irisanga, 

 Sao Paulo; Rio Pardo, Matto Grosso), (?)eastern Ecuador (Guala- 

 quiza), eastern Peru (Chyavetas), Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco), 

 northern Argentina (in territories of Chaco and Formosa and province 

 of Santa Fe*), 2 Uruguay (Lazcano). 



1 Belcher and Smooker (Ibis, 1934, p. 587) include C. urubitinga in the fauna 

 of Trinidad on the basis of sight records. 



2 The record of C. urubitinga by White (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 624) 

 from the Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca, probably refers to Coragyps atratus. No 

 specimen appears to have been preserved. 




14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 19: Colombia (Magdalena, Santa 

 Marta, 1; Mitu, Rio Vaupes, 1); Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 2; 

 Piacoa, Amacuro Delta, 1); British Guiana (Rockstone, 1; Kartabo, 

 1; Georgetown, 1); Brazil (Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas, 3; Lago do 

 Baptista, Amazonas, 4; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajos, 1; Piquiatuba, 

 Para, 1); Paraguay, Chaco (265 km. west of Puerto Casado, 1; 235 

 km. west on the Riacho Negro, 1). 



Genus GYMNOGYPS Lesson 



Gymnogyps Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., (2), 6, col. 1037, Dec. 8, 1842 

 type, by orig. desig., Vultur californianus Shaw. 



Pseudogryphus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 337, Jan., 1874 type, by orig. desig., Vultur californianus 

 Shaw. 



*Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw). CALIFORNIA CONDOR. 



Vultur californianus Shaw, in Shaw and Nodder, Natur. Misc., 9, text to pi. 

 301, 1798 California= Monterey, (type in British Museum examined); 

 Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool, 38, p. 265, 1932 (crit.). 



Vultur Columbianus Ord, in Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Comm. Grammar 

 (2nd Amer. ed.), 2, p. 315, 1815 based on Lewis and Clark, Travels 

 to source of Missouri River, 2, p. 183, No. 4, orig. Amer. ed., 1814. 



Cathartes vulturinus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 6, pi. 31, Jan., 

 1821 new name for V. californianus Shaw (fig. of type). 



Oenops calif orniana Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 28, 1874 Monterey, 

 California. 



Pseudogryphus californianus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 338, 1874 (monog.); idem, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, 

 p. 82, 1880 (crit.). 



Gymnogyps californianus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 106, 1928 

 Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California; Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 (range); Harris, Condor, 43, p. 3, col. pi., 

 1941 (hist. ace. to 1900; bibliog.). 



Range. Coast ranges of California (from San Benito County 

 to Los Angeles County) and northern Lower California (Sierra 

 Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir) ; formerly north through Cali- 

 fornia to the Columbia River. 



Field Museum Collection. 5: California (Monterey, 2; Caplund, 

 2; San Francisco, 1). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 15 



Suborder FALCONES 



Superfamily FALCONOIDEA 



Family ACCIPITRIDAE. Kites, Hawks, and Allies 



Subfamily ELANINAE. White-tailed Kites 



Genus ELANUS Savigny 



Elanus Savigny, Descr. Egypte, 1, pp. 69, 97, 1809 type, by monotypy, 

 Elanus caesius Sa.vigny=Falco caeruleus Desfontaines. 



*Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard. 1 NORTHERN 

 WHITE-TAILED KITE. 



Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 

 7, p. 46, Feb. 19, 1920 San Rafael, California (type in Museum of 

 Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 162, 

 1922 (chars.; range); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 106, 1929 

 northwestern Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 193, 1931 (range); 

 Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 162, 1932 Guatemala; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 269, 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 167, p. 54, 1937 (life hist.); Hawbecker, Condor, 44, p. 267, 1942 (life hist.). 



Falco melanoplerus (not of Daudin) Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 5, p. 28, June, 1825 Florida. 



Elanus leucurus (not Milvus leucurus Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 25, p. 201, 1857 Jalapa, Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 220 

 Guatemala; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 198, 1874 part, United States and Central America; Sharpe, 

 Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 339, 1874 part, southern United States and 

 Central America; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 Mirador 

 and Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 

 Aves, 3, p. 97, 1901 southern United States, Mexico (Jalapa, Orizaba, 

 Mirador) and Guatemala; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Altamira, 

 Tamaulipas, Mexico. 



Elanus glaucus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 345 (ex Bartram) ; 

 Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 5, p. 418, 1879 near Santa 

 Maria, Rio Grande Valley, Texas. 



Elanus axillaris leucurus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 103, 1920 part, southern 

 United States. 



Range. Breeds locally in the southern United States from Cali- 

 fornia and South Carolina south to northern Lower California, 

 Texas, and Florida; winters south through Central America to the 

 Cauca Valley of Colombia. 



1 Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard : In coloration like the nominate 

 race, but wing and tail longer and the tail feathers relatively wider. Wing, 315- 

 325; tail, 170-190. 




16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 14: California (Solano County, 2); 

 Texas (Brownsville, 5; Corpus Christi, 1); Florida (Caloosahatchee 

 River, Lee County, 1; Kissimmee River, 1); Colombia, Cauca (El 

 Tambo, Munchique, 1; Popayan, 3). 1 



*Elanus leucurus leucurus (Vieillot). SOUTHERN WHITE-TAILED 

 KITE. 



Milws leucurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &!., 20, p. "556"= 

 563, May 30, 1818 based on "Alcon bianco" Azara, No. 36, near San 

 Ignacio, Santa Rosa, and Bobi, also on the banks of the Paraguay between 

 Neembucu and Remolinos, etc., Paraguay; d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., 

 Ois., p. 98, 1835 Buenos Aires and Chile. 



Falco dispar Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 54, pi. 319 (young), Jan., 

 1825 Brazil (type in Paris Museum); Audubon, Orn. Biog., 4, p. 367, 

 1838 (monog.). 



Elanus dispar Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 1843 Chile; Des 

 Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 233, pi. 2, 1847 Chile; 

 Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 245, 1868 central provinces, rare in 

 the south of Chile; Waugh and Lataste, Act. Soc. Sci. Chile, 4, p. Ixxxiv, 

 1894 Penaflor, Santiago, Chile; Lataste, Proc. Verb. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 

 1923, p. 167 Malleco, Chile; Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, p. 142, 

 1925 San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile. 



Elanus leucurus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 735, 1849 savannas; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), 

 p. 113, 1855 (descr.; range); Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 175, 

 1855 Chile; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi, p. 8, 1862 Venezuela 

 (Caracas) and "Haiti," errore; Pelzeln, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vb'gel, 

 p. 8, 1865 Chile; idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1867 Sao Paulo (Itarare, 

 Irisanga) and Amazonas (Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco), Brazil; 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 vicinity of Santiago, 

 Chile; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1869, pp. 160, 252 Conchitas, Buenos Aires, 

 and Lake of Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. 

 Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 65 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes (Feb. 18, 

 1836); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 339, 1874 part, spec, a-e, 

 Demerara, Bahia, and Chile; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 88 Baradero, 

 Buenos Aires; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 559, 1877 Cauquenes, 

 Colchagua, Chile; Holmberg, Natur. Arg., 1, pp. 56, 95, 1878 Buenos 

 Aires (Baradero, San Jose 1 de Flores, Zarate) and Salta (Rio de los Horcones, 

 Rio Las Piedras); Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., 

 p. 50, 1881 Pampa (of Argentina); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 

 p. 623 Monte Grande, Buenos Aires; Barrow, Auk, 1, p. Ill, 1884 

 Concepcidn del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 76 Roraima, 

 British Guiana; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 470 Lomas de Zamora, 



1 The four Colombian specimens have wings measuring 309, 321, 309, 316 

 and tails of 172, 175, 165 (worn) and 170 mm. They were taken in the months 

 of June, October and December. It might be that birds from Santa Marta, 

 Llanos del Meta and northern Venezuela would belong to this race rather than 

 the southern one. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 17 



Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 71, 1889 Argentina 

 (habits; nidif.); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; Holland, 

 Ibis, 1892, p. 204 Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires; Aplin, I.e., 1894, 

 p. 195 Uruguay; Lane, I.e., 1897, p. 181 Laraquete, Arauco, Chile; 

 Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 363, 1899 Sao Paulo; Albert, Anal. Univ. 

 Chile, 108, p. 294, 1901 Chile (monog.); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 8, p. 205, 1902 Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 

 1904 Salta and Jujuy; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 63, 

 1905 Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 97, 1907 (range); 

 Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 (not yet recorded from French 

 Guiana); Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 240, 1909 Mocovf, Santa F6, 

 and Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 248, 

 1910 (range in Argentina); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 333 Los Yngleses, Aj6, 

 Buenos Aires; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 196, 1913 La 

 Pedrita, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 

 "Paraguay"; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 139, 1914 Maraj6 

 Island (Pacoval, Fazenda Sao Jose" do Teso), Brazil; Reed, Av. Prov. 

 Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 La Paz, Mendoza; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 p. 270, 1916 Roraima and Savannas; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 511 Cape 

 San Antonio, Buenos Aires (habits); Ambrosetti, El Hornero, 1, p. 290, 

 1919 Argentina (habits); Tremoleras, I.e., 2, p. 17, 1920 Uruguay 

 (Minas, Florida, Durazno, Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo); Daguerre, I.e., 

 2, p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos Aires; Seri6 and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 44, 

 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rfos; Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 77, 1923 La Rioja; 

 Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Housse, Rev. Chil. 

 Hist. Nat., 28, p. 48, 1924 Isla La Mocha, Arauco, Chile; Reed, I.e., 

 29, p. 190, 1925 Chile (Cerro de Quillota, Teno, Rengo, Camarico, 

 Machalf, Curacautin, Casa Blanca, Malleco, La Ligua, Cordillera de 

 Maule); Me'ne'gaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 1925, p. 285 Mistol Paso, Rio 

 Salado, Santiago del Estero; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado 

 Tuerto, Santa FC"; Jaffuel and Pirion, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 31, p. 103, 

 1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Chile; Bullock, I.e., 33, p. 198, 1929 Angol, 

 Malleco (winter); Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 13 Abary Creek and Blairmont, 

 British Guiana; Pereyra, El Hornero, 5, p. 215, 1933 Zelaya, Buenos 

 Aires (nest and eggs); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 105, 1935 Corupe"ba, 

 Bahia; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 1, 

 fig. 6, pi. 3, fig. 18, 1941. 



Elanus axillaris leucurus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 103, 1920 part, South 

 America; idem, Auk, 38, p. 363, 1921 Nevados, Me"rida, Venezuela. 



Elanus leucurus leucurus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 162, 1922 (range); Wetmore, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 104, 1926 Riacho Salado, Chaco, and 

 Lavalle, Buenos Aires (crit.); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, 

 p. 158, 1927 Concepci6n, Tucuman; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 193, 

 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 285, 

 1932 Valparaiso (Casa Blanca), Colchagua (Rengo), and Talca (Cama- 

 rico), Chile; Marelli, El Hornero, 5, p. 194, 1933 Dorrego, Buenos 

 Aires; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 588 Trinidad (Nov. 15; 

 May 22); Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89, 1934 Caroni Swamp, Trinidad 

 (August 3); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 267, 1936 (monog.); Steullet 




18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 391, 1936 (bibliog.; range 

 in Argentina); Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 39, p. 21, 1936 Chile 

 (range and habits); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 61, 1938 Bahia 

 (Corup6ba), Sao Paulo (Ypiranga), Buenos Aires, and Chile; Dugand, 

 Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 54, 1941 Llanos del Meta and Santa Marta, 

 Colombia. 



Range. Central and southern Chile from Santiago to Cautin; 

 Paraguay; Uruguay; and northern Argentina south to Mendoza, 

 Cordoba, and Buenos Aires; recorded also from Brazil (Sao Paulo, 

 Minas Geraes, Bahia, Marajo Island, and the Rio Branco); British 

 Guiana; Venezuela (La Pedrita, Orinoco Delta; El Trompillo and 

 Lake Valencia, Carabobo; Merida); Island of Trinidad (three records 

 from the months of May, August, and November) 1 and (?) Colombia 

 (Llanos del Meta and Santa Marta). 



Field Museum Collection. 12: Paraguay (195 km. west of Puerto 

 Casado, 1); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 7); Chile (Casa 

 Blanca, Aconcagua, 1; Rengo, Colchagua, 1; Camarico, Talca, 1; 

 Feno, 1). 



Subfamily PERNINAE. Honey Buzzards and 



Swallow-tailed Kites 

 Genus ELANOIDES Vieillot 2 



Elanoides Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 24, p. 101, Sept. 5, 

 1819 type, by subs, desig. (Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 190, Jan., 1874), "Le Milan de la Caroline"= 

 Falco furcatus Linnaeus=Faico forficatus Linnaeus. 



*Elanoi'des forficatus forficatus (Linnaeus). NORTHERN 

 SWALLOW-TAILED KITE. 



Falco forficatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 89, 1758 based on 

 "Swallow tail'd Hawk" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 4, pi. 4, 

 Carolina. 



Falco furcatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 129, 1766 (same basis). 



Nauclerus furcatus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 2, Erinnerungsschrift, p. Ixxxiv, 

 1855 Bahia Honda and Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba; Gundlach, I.e., 19, 

 p. 370, 1871 Cuba. 



1 The Southern White-tailed Kite has definitely been found breeding in 

 Argentina and Chile. The scattered records from the northern parts of its range 

 (Colombia, Rio Branco, Guiana, Venezuela, and Trinidad) probably refer to 

 winter visitants from the south. 



2 About osteology and affinity, cf. Sushkin, Zool. Anz., 23, p. 525, 1900. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 19 



Nauclerus forficatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 144 

 (nomencl.); Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 192, 1874 part, excl. of Central and South America (monog.). 



Elanoides furcatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 317, 1874 part, North 

 America; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 237, 1881 Cacoprieto, 

 Oaxaca, Mexico. 



Elanoides forficatus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 181, 

 1876 part, United States (monog.); (?)L6nnberg and Rendahl, Ark. 

 Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 Ecuador (near Gualea, Santo Domingo); 

 Rapp, Bd. Banding, Boston, 15, p. 156, 1944 northeastern United States. 



Elanoides forficatus forficatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 95, 1920 (range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 150, 1922 (range); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 

 6, p. 48, 1923 Cuba (irregular visitor); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 55, p. 237, 1926 Bucay, Ecuador (Dec. 7); Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 194, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 161, 

 1932 Guatemala (transient); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 223, 1934 

 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 44, 1937 (life hist.). 



Range. Breeds locally from northern Minnesota, southern 

 Indiana, and South Carolina to eastern Mexico; winters south of 

 the United States to western Ecuador (Bucay) and the island of 

 Cuba, Greater Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 23: Georgia (Richmond County, 1); 

 Florida (New River, 1; Fort Pierce, 2; Miami, 1; Marco Island, 1; 

 Maples, 1; Ocklawaha River, 2; Sanford, 1; Lake Kissimmee, 1; 

 Lake Conlin, 1; Everglades, 2; Turner's River, 1; Palm Beach, 2; 

 West Jupiter, 1; Kissimmee River, 1; unspecified, 3); Texas (Lee 

 County, 1). 



*Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot). 1 SOUTHERN SWALLOW- 

 TAILED KITE. 



1 Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot) is generally distinguishable by having 

 the scapulars and interscapular region mainly dark bottle or olive green, thus 

 lacking the purplish tone so prevalent in the majority of North American birds. 

 However, one specimen from Florida (Old Town) and another from Illinois (Cairo) 

 are not more purplish than yetapa, while, on the contrary, one from British Guiana 

 (Demerara) and one from Nanegal, Ecuador (July), have just as much purple 

 on the scapulars as the average specimen from the United States. Yet the fact 

 remains that one never finds the most purplish extreme of forficatus anywhere in 

 South America, though single individuals of the two races may not always be 

 distinguishable. 



Additional material examined. Guatemala: Vera Paz, 1. Nicaragua: San 

 Rafael del Norte, 1. Panama: Boquete, Chiriquf, 1; Cordillera de Tole', Veraguas, 

 1; Calpvevora, Veraguas, 1; Lion Hill, 1. Colombia: Concordia, 1; Puerto 

 Valdivia, 1; Zitaguira, east slope of eastern Andes, 2. Venezuela: Escorial, 1; 

 Culata, 1; near Me>ida, 1. Ecuador: Andes, 1; Sarayacu, 1; Jima, 1; Nanegal, 

 1. Dutch Guiana: Maroni River, 1. British Guiana: Bartica, 2; Demerara, 5. 

 Brazil: Bahia, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1; Santa F6, Minas Geraes, 1; Parana, 1; Chapada, 

 Matto Grosso, 1; Serra da Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2. 




20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Milvus yetapa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 20, p. 564, May 30, 

 1818 based on "Alcon Cola-tixera" Azara, No. 38, Paraguay. 



Falco yetapa Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 141, 1830 Rio de Janeiro 

 (Cabo Frio, Corral de Battuba), Espirito Santo, and Bahia (Caravellas, 

 Rio Ilheos) (breeding). 



Milvus furcatus (not Falco furcatus Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, Voy. AmeY. Me>id., 

 Ois., p. 100, 1836 Moxos and Chiquitos, Bolivia. 



Nauclerus furcatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 735, 

 1849 British Guiana; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 110, 

 1855 Nova Friburgo and Serra dos Orgaos, Rio de Janeiro; Leotaud, 

 Ois. Trinidad, p. 30, 1866 Trinidad (visitor); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, 

 p. 6, 1867 Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Pirahy, Mattodentro, Varge Grande) 

 and Para, Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, 

 p. 65 Minas Geraes (Sete Lagoas, Mattodentro); Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 

 p. 323 Chontales, Nicaragua; Layard, I.e., 1873, p. 394 Para, Brazil; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 303 Chamicuros, 

 Peru; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 283, 1873 Blumenau, Santa 

 Catharina; Cabanis, I.e., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; 

 Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 137, 1884 Chamicuros, Peru; Goeldi, Ibis, 

 1903, pp. 495, 498 Rio Capim, Para. 



Elanoides furcatus Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 220 Cajabon, Guatemala; 

 Owen, Ibis, 1860, p. 240 Tactic, Guatemala (habits); Salvin, Ibis, 1861, 

 p. 148 Vera Paz, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 

 p. 289, 1861 Panama Railroad; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi, p. 5, 

 1862 Surinam (descr.); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 158 

 Cordillera de Tole, Veragua; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 

 9, p. 132, 1868 Pirris, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 

 1869 Costa Rica (Aguacate, Quebrada Onda, Cervantes); Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 216 Calovevora, Veraguas; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 

 p. 382 Cachiri, Potreras, and Naranjo, Santander, Colombia; Sharpe, 

 Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 317, 1874 part, Central and South America; 

 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 45 Naranjo, Costa Rica; 

 Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 541 Concordia and Neche, Colombia; 

 Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 171, 1885 Arroio Grande 

 and Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 76 Bartica 

 Grove, British Guiana; Holmberg, Seg. Censo Rep. Arg., 1, Aves, p. 507, 

 1898 Misiones, Argentina; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 

 Aves, 3, p. 95, 1901 part, Central and South America; Goodfellow, Ibis, 

 1902, p. 222 Santa Domingo, Ecuador; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

 Paris, 10, p. 108, 1904 St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Hellmayr, 

 Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906 Chaguanas, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 14, p. 29, 

 1907 Urucurituba, Rio Tapajoz, Brazil; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 290, 1907 

 Boruca, Costa Rica; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 23, 1907 

 Mexiana Island, Brazil; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Bom 

 Lugar, Rio Purus, Brazil. 



Nauclerus forficatus (not Falco forficatus Linnaeus) Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 192, 1874 part, Central and 

 South America. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 21 



Elanoides forficatus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 181, 

 1876 part, Costa Rica (San Jose 1 ), eastern Peru (head of Huallaga 

 River), and Brazil (monog.); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 592, 

 1887 -Segovia River, Honduras; Richmond, I.e., 16, p. 521, 1893 Rio 

 Escondido, Nicaragua; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 

 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 70, 1894 Trinidad; Phelps, 

 Auk, 14, p. 366, 1897 San Antonio and Cumanacoa, Bermudez, Vene- 

 zuela; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo 

 Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 360, 1899 

 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, 

 Rio de Janeiro; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 96, 1907 Sao Paulo, Espirito 

 Santo, and Santa Catharina (Colonia Hansa); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 

 15, p. 293, 1908 St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Beebe, Zoologica 

 (N.Y.), 1, p. 81, 1909 Rio Guarapiche" and La Brea, Orinoco Delta, 

 Venezuela; Ltiderwaldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 340, 1909 Campo 

 Itatiaya, Brazil; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 467, 1910 Costa 

 Rica (Bonilla, El General de Te"rraba, Cariblanco de Sarapiquf, Turrialba, 

 Guapiles, Juan Vinas); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 247, 1910 Misiones; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 413, 1910 S. Isabel, 

 Rio Preto, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 26, (2), pp. 96, 121, 1912 Para, Rio Capim, and Mexiana; Dabbene, 

 Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913; idem, I.e., 1, p. 303, 1914 Santa Ana, 

 Misiones; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 137, 1914 Peixe-Boi, Quati-purti, 

 Rio Purus (Bom Lugar), and Maranhao; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 p. 262, 1916 Demerara River, Bartica, Waini River, and Aremu River; 

 Menegaux, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 1918, p. 289 Villa Lutetia, near San 

 Ignacio, Misiones; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395, 

 pi. 3, fig. 13, 1941. 



Elanoides forficatus yetapa Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 249, 

 1917 Noanama, San Antonio, Laguneta, Andalucia, and Florencia, 

 Colombia (crit.); Dabbene, El Hornero, 2, p. 133, 1920 Marco Paz, 

 western Buenos Aires; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 95, 1920 Costa Rica 

 to Paraguay; idem, Auk, 38, p. 363, 1921 Culata, Capas, Escorial, 

 and "Correfos" [=Conejos], Me'rida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 151, 1922 (range; chars.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 237, 1926 Ecuador (Punta Santa Ana, Sabanilla, San Jose"); Ken- 

 nard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 450, 1928 Boquete Trail, 

 Almirante, Panama; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. Ill, 

 1930 Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 194, 

 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 161, 1932 

 Finca Sepacuite, Guatemala (breeding); Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 84, p. 212, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 72, p. 312, 1932 Obaldia, Panama; Roberts, Trop. Agric., 

 11, p. 89, 1934 Trinidad; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 588 

 Trinidad (no breeding record); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 225, 1934 

 (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 297, 1935 Panama; 

 Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 17, 1935 Uaxactun, 

 Pet6n, Guatemala; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 393, 1936 Argentina (Santa Ana and Villa Lutetia, Misiones; Marco 




22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Paz, Buenos Aires; La Cuesta and Rio San Lorenzo, Jujuy); Pinto, Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., 22, p. 61, 1938 Amazonas (Jauarete), Sao Paulo (Olympia), 

 Espirito Santo (Pao Gigante), and Santa Catharina (Colonia Hansa); 

 idem, I.e., 23, p. 506, 1938 Jauarete, Rio Uaupes, Brazil; Gyldenstolpe, 

 K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 47, 1945 Puerto Salinas, 

 El Beni, Bolivia. 



Elanoides forficatus forficatus Bertoni, El Hornero, 3, p. 279, 1924 Puerto 

 Bertoni, Paraguay. 



Range. Central America, from Guatemala (breeding records 

 from Uaxactun, Pete"n, and Finca Sepacuite, Vera Paz) south 

 through Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Panama, and the greater part 

 of South America to northern Argentina (Jujuy and Misiones), 

 Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni), and Rio Grande do Sul; casual in 

 western Buenos Aires (Marco Paz). 



Field Museum Collection. 31: Honduras (Copan, 2); Nicaragua 

 (San Rafael del Norte, Matagalpa, 2); Costa Rica (Limon, 1); 

 Panama (Port Obaldia, Darien, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchi- 

 que, Cauca, 10); Peru (Alto Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin, 2); 

 British Guiana (Mazaruni River, 1; unspecified, 2); Brazil (Igarape 

 Aniba, Amazonas, 4); Paraguay (Capitan Bado, Cerro Amambay, 

 3; 40 km. west-southwest of the Cerro Amambay, 3). 



Genus LEPTODON Sundevall 



Cymindis (not of Latreille, 1806) (Cuvier MS.) Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., 1, 



Suppl., p. 89, 1816 type, by monotypy, "petit autour de Cayenne, 



Buffon, PI. Enl., pi. 473, falco cayannensis Gmel." 

 Leptodon 1 Sundevall, Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. for 1835, p. 114, 1836 type, by 



monotypy, "Falco cayanensis et palliatus auct." 

 Odontriorchis Kaup, Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 124, 1844 type, by monotypy, 



"cayennensis"=Falco cayennensis Gmelin, p. 269. 

 Micraetus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 156, Jan., 1901 type, 



by monotypy, Micraetus holmbergianus Bertoni =Falco palliatus Temminck. 



*Leptodon cayanensis (Latham). CAYENNE KITE. 



Falco cayennensis (not of Gmelin, p. 263) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 269, 

 1788 based on "Cayenne Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 59, 



1 It has been claimed that Leptodon was previously used by Rafinesque for 

 some genus of mollusks, but such is not the case. Rafinesque (Ann. Gen. Sci. 

 Phys., 5, p. 295, Sept., 1820) created for the species Unio leplodon the subgenus 

 Leptodea, which, of course, does not prevent the further use of Sundevall's term 

 for the Cayenne Kite. It appears that nobody except Sherborn (Ind. Anim., 

 sect, sec., p. 3500), who gives the correct spelling of Rafinesque's name, ever 

 consulted the original reference. Authors evidently relied on Scudder (Nomencl. 

 Zool., Supplem. List, p. 185, 1882), in whose work the name is misquoted as 

 "Leptodon." 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 23 



which, in its turn, rests on "petit autour de Cayenne" Daubenton [Buffon], 

 PI. Enl., pi. 473, Cayenne; Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 13, pi. 8c, 

 1824 Bahia, Brazil. 



Falco cayanensis Latham, 1 Ind. Orn., 1, p. 28, 1790 same basis. 



Asturina cyanopus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, p. 41, 1816 

 based on Falco cayanensis Latham and "petit autour de Cayenne" Dau- 

 benton, PI. Enl., pi. 473. 



Sparvius monachus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 10, p. 341, 1817 

 "Br6sil" (descr. of immature; type in coll. of C. J. Temminck). 



Falco palliatus (Wied MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 35, pi. 204 

 (=immature bird), June 20, 1823 "Bresil et Guiane"=Rio Peruhype, 

 near Vigosa, southern Bahia, Brazil 2 (type in the Leyden Museum; cf. 

 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 10, No. 7, 1862); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. 

 Bras., 3, (1), p. 148, 1830 Rio Peruhype, Bahia, Brazil. 3 



Cymindis buteonides Lesson, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 55, Feb., 1830 new 

 name for Falco palliatus Temminck, PI. Col., pi. 204. 



Cymindis cayennensis Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., 4, col. 2, pi. 22, 1834 (crit.); 

 Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 52, 1859 San Pedro Mountains, 

 Honduras; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 219 Honduras; Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 317, 1861 Panama Railroad; idem, 

 l.c., 9, p. 134, 1868 Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 629 San Esteban, Venezuela; Frantzius, 

 Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1870, p. 216 Bugaba, Chiriquf; Finsch, I.e., p. 556 Trinidad; Sclater 

 and Salvin, I.e., p. 838 Honduras; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 upper 

 Ucayali, Peru. 



Pernis cayanensis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 346 South America (descr.). 



Odontriorchis cayanensis Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 

 "1848," p. 736, 1849 forests of British Guiana. 



Cymindis cajanensis Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 107, 1855 

 Bahia. 



Cymindis cayanensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 289, 1860 

 Babahoyo, Ecuador; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 9, 1862 

 Cayenne, Brazil, and Venezuela (Caracas); Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 34, 

 1866 Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 

 upper Ucayali, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1867, p. 590 Amazonas; Pelzeln, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 5, 1868 Mattodentro, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. 

 Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 66 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes. 



Leptodon cayennensis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 333, 1874 (monog.); 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 153, 1876 



1 There is no reason under the Rules to reject Latham's term cayanensis, 

 which has priority over A. cyanopus, S. monachus, and Falco palliatus. 



1 Cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 456 (footnote 4), 

 1929. 



3 The type, described and figured by Temminck, is in the Leyden Museum. 

 A cotype is in the American Museum of Natural History (cf. Griscom, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 72, p. 312, 1932), although Allen (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 268, 

 1889) failed to find it. 




24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Mexico (Mirador; Tehuantepec), Costa Rica (Old Harbor; Talamanca), 

 and Amazonia (monog.); Gurney, Ibis, 1880, p. 322 (crit.; plumages); 

 Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 237, 1881 Mexico (Tlacotalpam, 

 Santa Efigenia, Cacoprieto, and Tapanatepec, Oaxaca); Boucard, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 457 Izalam, Yucatan; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, 

 p. 77 Roraima; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 1887 

 Pozo Azul de Pirris and Pirris de Cartago, Costa Rica; Riker and Chap- 

 man, Auk, 7, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 71, 

 1894 Princestown, Trinidad; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, 

 No. 208, p. 20, 1895 Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Ihering, Ann. Est. 

 Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 141, 1899 Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; 

 idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 362, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 

 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Amer., Aves, 3, p. 100, 1901 Mexico (Tampico; Jalapa; Tonala, Chiapas, 

 etc.), British Honduras (Orange Walk, Cayo), Guatemala (Escuintla), 

 Honduras, Nicaragua (San Emilio), Costa Rica, and Panama; Berlepsch 

 and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 Caicara, Rio Orinoco; Hartert, 

 l.c., p. 605, 1902 Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Ihering, Cat. Faun. 

 Braz., 1, p. 97, 1907 Sao Paulo (Ubatuba, Crystaes, Franca), Espirito 

 Santo, Parana (Ourinho), and Santa Catharina (Colonia Hansa); Bangs, 

 Auk, 24, p. 290, 1907 Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica; Berlepsch, Nov. 

 Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 468, 

 1910 Pozo Azul de Pirris and Boruca, Costa Rica; Reiser, Denks. Math.- 

 Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 Pedrinha, Buriti, and Santa 

 Philomena, Piauhy; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 248, 

 1910 Chaco; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 346, 1916 

 Caicara, Orinoco. 



Odontriorchis cayennensis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, 

 Rio de Janeiro; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 - Alto Parana, Paraguay. 



Cymindis cayenensis Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 42, 1876 Santa 

 Efigenia, Tehuantepec, Mexico. 



Regerrhinus cayennensis Taczanowski, Orn. Pe"r., 1, p. 144, 1884 upper 

 Ucayali, Peru. 



Leptodon cayanensis Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131, 1900 Masinga, 

 Colombia. 



Micraetus holmbergianus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 156, Jan., 

 1901 Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni). 



Leptodon palliatus Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1204 Tado, 

 Pacific Colombia; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 

 26, (2), pp. 77, 96, 1912 Rio Acard, Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 

 8, p. 138, 1914 Para, Marajo (Sao Natal), and Maranhao; Dabbene, 

 Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 291, 1916 Loreto, Misiones; Chapman, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 250, 1917 Baudo, Colombia; Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 101, 1920 (range); Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 311, 1924 

 Gatun, Panama; Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 394, 1926 Santa Ana, 

 Misiones. 



Chondrohierax palliatus Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 268, 1916 upper 

 Takutu Mountains, Bonasica River, and Roraima. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 25 



Odonlriorchis pallialus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 144, 

 1922 Bonda and Cinto, Santa Marta, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 55, p. 238, 1926 Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 199, 

 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 162, 1932 Hacienda 

 California, Guatemala; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 312, 1932 

 Perme" and Obaldia, Panama; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 589 

 Trinidad; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; 

 Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 7, p. 42, 1937 Paracote", 

 Azuero Peninsula, Panama; Davidson, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 23, 

 p. 256, 1938 Barriles and near San Felix, Chiriquf, Panama; Dugand, 

 Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 3, fig. 14, 1941 Co- 

 lombia. 



Odontriorchis palliatus palliatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 158, 1922 Brazil 

 and Bolivia (chars.); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, 

 p. 456, 1929 Buritf and Parnagua, Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 60, p. 112, 1930 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 2, p. 256, 1934 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 394, 1936 Chaco and Misiones (bibliog.). 



Odontriorchis palliatus guianensis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 3, p. 159, Feb. 16, 

 1922 near Paramaribo, Surinam (type in Tring Collection, now in the 

 American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 2, p. 257, 1936 Surinam, Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Ecuador, 

 and Brazil north of the Amazon. 



Odontriorchis palliatus mexicanus Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 3, p. 159, Feb. 16, 

 1922 Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico (type in British Museum examined) ; 

 idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 258, 1936 Mexico to Panama; Brodkorb, 

 Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 55, p. 26, 1943 (distinct race). 



Range. Tropical Mexico, from Tamaulipas and Oaxaca south 

 through Central America to Colombia and western Ecuador (Baba- 

 hoyo) and east of the Andes through the whole of South America 

 (including the Island of Trinidad) to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay, 

 and northern Argentina (Chaco and Misiones). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 15: Mexico (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1; 

 Tutla, Oaxaca, 1); El Salvador (Hacienda Zapotitan, La Libertad, 



1 The color-differences used by Swann for the attempted subdivision of this 

 kite do not exist at all. There is, however, the possibility that the birds from 

 southern Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia may be separable on account of their 

 larger size (wing of adult males, 330-345, of females, 360-362). Specimens from 

 southern Mexico and Central America (mexicanus) are absolutely the same as 

 those from Guiana (cayanensis= guianensis). If two forms be admitted, the large 

 race of southern Brazil will have to be called L. c. monachus. Vieillot's specific 

 term evidently refers to a bird in the same plumage as the one that was subse- 

 quently described and figured by Temminck as F. palliatus. 



Specimens in fully adult plumage have been examined from the following 

 localities: Tampico, Tamaulipas, 2; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 2; Tonala, Chiapas, 1; 

 Izalam, Yucatan, 1 ; Escuintla, Guatemala, 1 ; Orange Walk, British Honduras, 1 ; 

 San Emilio, Nicaragua, 1; Miravalles, Costa Rica, 1; Sarayacu, Ecuador, 1; 

 Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, 1; Caparo, Trinidad, 1; Mountains of the Moon, 

 British Guiana, 1; Cayenne, 1; Para, 1; Buritl, Piauhy, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1; 

 Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 3; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 2; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2. 




26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



1); Colombia (Rio Jurado, Choco, 1; Morelia, Caqueta, 1); British 

 Guiana (Coverden, 1); Brazil (Canutama, Rio Purus, 1; Lago Bap- 

 tista, Rio Amazonas, 3; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 1; Caxiricatuba, 

 Rio Tapajoz, 2; Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, 

 Santa Cruz, 1). 



Leptodon forbesi (Swann). 1 FORBES'S KITE. 



Odontriorchis forbesi Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 3, p. 159, Feb. 16, 1922 

 Pernambuco, Brazil (type in British Museum examined); Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 199, 1931 Pernambuco; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, 

 p. 258, 1936 (monog.). 



Range. Eastern Brazil (State of Pernambuco). 



Genus CHONDROHIERAX Lesson 



Chondrohierax Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., lOe ann., No. 3, col. 61, Jan. 12, 

 1843 type, by monotypy, Chondrohierax erythrofrons Lesson =Falco un- 

 cinatus Temminck. 



Regerhinus Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 262, 1845 type, by orig. desig. and 

 monotypy, [Falco] uncinatus "Illiger." 



*Chondrohierax uncinatus aquilonis Friedmann. 2 MEXICAN 

 HOOK-BILLED KITE. 



Chondrohierax uncinatus aquilonis Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, 

 p. 314, July 15, 1934 Tamaulipas, Mexico (type in Museum of Com- 

 parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). 



1 Leptodon forbesi (Swann) differs from the adult plumage of L. cayanensis 

 very strikingly by having the axillaries and under wing coverts pure white instead 

 of mostly black; the pileum deep gull gray passing into white on forehead and 

 hindneck (instead of uniform slate gray from base of bill to nape); the sides of 

 the neck white instead of slate gray; by the presence of grayish white apical spots 

 to scapulars and mantle, and of grayish white apical edges to the remiges, these 

 markings increasing in width towards the secondaries; and by the tail being crossed 

 by a single light-colored band, about 60 to 70 mm. in width, nearly white in color, 

 though shaded with smoke gray here and there and freckled all over with minute 

 dusky markings. Besides, the rectrices are much more broadly tipped with white, 

 this apical band being again streaked and freckled with dusky. In L. cayanensis, 

 it will be recalled, there are two separate slate gray cross bands from 15 to 25 

 mm. in width. The third (basal) gray tail band under the upper tail coverts, 

 more or less present in all specimens of L. cayanensis, is likewise well developed 

 in the type of L. forbesi. Wing, 330; tail, 235. 



The unique type, which was secured by W. A. Forbes in the State of Pernam- 

 buco, is a bird in very fresh plumage just finishing its molt. The presence of an 

 old worn primary (umber brown with ochraceous apical edge) on both wings and 

 of some dusky brown feathers on the rump suggests its immaturity. While the 

 specimen looks rather different from the ordinary run of L. cayanensis, further 

 material is needed to establish the taxonomic status of L. forbesi beyond doubt. 



2 Chondrohierax uncinatus aquilonis Friedmann: "Males very much darker, 

 especially on the under parts, than uncinatus, blackish plumbeous instead of deep 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 27 



Range. Central parts of Mexico, in states of Tamaulipas (Tam- 

 pico), Guanajuato, Vera Cruz (Jalapa), Jalisco, and Michoacan. 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Mexico (Apatzingan, Michoacan, 1). 



*Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus (Temminck). HOOK- 

 BILLED KITE. 



Falco uncinatus (Illiger MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 18, pis. 

 103, 104 (males), Jan., 1822, livr. 20, pi. 115 (female), March, 1822 

 "depuis les environs de Rio-de-Janeiro jusque vers le nord du Bresil, et 

 dans toute la Guiane" (cotypes, from Brazil, 1 in the Leyden Museum; 

 cf. Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 8 [Nos. 1, 2, 5], 1862); Wied, 

 Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 172, 1830 Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. 



Falco vitticaudus Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 178, 1830 Rio de 

 Janeiro and Bahia, Brazil (descr. of young; type now in the American 

 Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Leptodon unicinctus [lapsu] 

 Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 268, 1889). 



Cymindis cuculo'ides Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classif. Bds., 2, p. 209, July 1, 

 1837 based on Falco uncinatus Temminck, PL Col., pis. 103, 104. 



Daedalian erythrofrons Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., 9e ann., 2e s6m., No. 45, 

 col. 1061, Dec. 11, 1842 San Carlos, El Salvador (descr. of young; 

 type in coll. of R. P. Lesson). 



Pernis uncinatus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 344 (monog.). 



Regerhinus uncinatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 

 "1845," p. 736, 1849 savannas of British Guiana; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 156, 1876 (monog.); Lawrence, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 43, 1876 Chihuitan and Santa Efigenia, Tehuan- 

 tepec, Mexico; Gurney, Ibis, 1880, p. 313 (crit.; plumages); Nutting, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 403, 1882 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 102, 1901 Mexico 

 (Buctzotz, Yucatan), Guatemala, Costa Rica (San Jose^ Naranjo, La 

 Palma, Barranca), Panama (Lion Hill), etc.; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 43 Garita del Sol, Junin, Peru; 

 Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 3, p. 21, 1902 Boquete, Chiriquf; 

 Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne. 



plumbeous, the white ventral bars broader; females similar to the darker, barred, 

 brown 'phase' of uncinatus (the ventral bars russet or amber brown). Wing, 

 279-300, (females) 275-300; tail, 186-210, (females) 191-214; culmen from cere, 

 29-33 Yz, (females) 30^-33." (Friedmann, I.e.) 



Specimens from Chiapas (Tonala) and Oaxaca (Cacoprieto), Mexico, are 

 inseparable from South American birds. C.E.H. 



Our one specimen of this form is darker than a series from Yucatan, but the 

 ventral bars are narrower. B.C. 



1 As all the three specimens described and figured by Temminck came from 

 Brazil, Friedmann's action (Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, p. 317, 1934) in designat- 

 ing the vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam, as type locality, is inadmissible. We, 

 accordingly, suggest as such Bahia, eastern Brazil, one of the localities of Wied, 

 who supplied Temminck with the bird figured on pi. 103. 




28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cymindis uncinatus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 108, 1855 

 Brazil (descr.); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 219 Guatemala; Schle- 

 gel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 8, 1862 Brazil, Venezuela (Caracas), 

 and Surinam; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 369 

 Panama Railroad; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 36, 1866 Trinidad; Pelzeln, 

 Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 1868 Sapitiba (Rio de Janeiro), Goyabeira, Cuyaba 

 (Matto Grosso), Sangrador (Matto Grosso), and below Serra Carauman 

 (Rio Branco), Brazil; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 

 1868 San Jos6, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 

 Costa Rica; Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 557 Trinidad; 

 Sharpe, I.e., 1873, p. 419 (plumages); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 

 541 Medellin, Colombia. 



Regerhinus (Cymindis) megarhynchus (Kaup MS.) Des Murs, in Castelnau, 

 Exp6d. Amer. Sud, Ois., livr. 17, p. 9, pi. 1, June 30, 1856 Sarayacu, 

 lower Ucayali, Peru (type in Paris Museum examined). 



Cymindis pucherani Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 40, 1866 Trinidad (descr. of 

 melanistic male; type in coll. of A. L6otaud, destroyed by fire); Finsch, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 557 (crit.). 



Cymindis boliviensis Burmeister, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 633, pub. 

 Mar., 1869 Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (descr. of melanistic male; 

 type in Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires). 



Cymindis vitticaudus Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1868 Cuyaba, Matto Grosso 

 (spec, examined ;= melanistic male). 



Leptodon megarhynchus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 332, 1874 Peru. 



Regerhinus megarhynchus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 550 

 Amable Maria and Soriano, Peru (plumages); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 160, 1876 (ex Sharpe); Gurney, Ibis, 1880, 

 p. 318 Peru, Bahia, and Tehuantepec (crit.); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 

 1, p. 141, 1884 Peru (Amable Maria, Guajango); Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 102, 1901 Mexico, etc. 



Leptodon uncinatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 330, 1874 (monog.); 

 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 45 Naranjo, Costa Rica; 

 Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 237, 1881 Mexico (Uvero, Cosamaloa- 

 pam, Chihuitan, Santa Efigenia, Cacoprieto, Tonala); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, 

 p. 77 Camacusa, British Guiana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, 

 p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501, 

 1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131, 

 1900 Bonda, Colombia; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 362, 1899 

 IguapS, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 6, p. 450, 1905 Rio Jurua, Brazil; Ber- 

 lepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 99, 1906 Echarate, near Santa Ana, 

 Urubamba, Peru; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 97, 1907 Sao Paulo 

 (Piquete, Iguape), Espirito Santo, and Rio Jurua; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 

 17, p. 413, 1910 Calama, Rio Madeira; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. 

 Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 100, 1910 Miritiba, Maranhao; Carriker, 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 468, 1910 Juan Vinas, Costa Rica; Stone, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 196, 1913 Cariaquito, Venezuela; 

 Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 345, 1916 Caicara, Orinoco 

 River, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 249, 1917 

 Rio Frio, Colombia. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 29 



Cymindis megarhynchus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 242 

 Guajango, Peru. 



Leptodon megarhynchus Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 

 Tafi Viejo, Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 248, 1910 Tafi Viejo. 



Regerinus uncinatus Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 145, 

 1905 Saboga Island, Pearl Archipelago; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 371, 1913 

 Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 28, 

 1920 Pedro Gonzalez Island, Pearl Archipelago. 



Chondrohierax uncinatus Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 267, 1916 Cama- 

 cusa; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 39, 1918 vicinity 

 of Paramaribo, Surinam; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 157, 1922 (chars.; range); 

 Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 60, 1921 Idma, Urubamba, 

 Peru; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 near 

 Gualea, Ecuador; Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 394, 1926 La Estrella 

 de Cartago, Costa Rica (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 238, 1926 Esmeraldas and Chone, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 454, 1929 Miritiba, Maranhao; Naumburg, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 112, 1930 Fort Wheeler, Paraguay, and 

 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 162, 1932 Hacienda Cali- 

 fornia, Guatemala; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 (range, excl. 

 Island of Grenada); Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 86, p. 371, 1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Belcher and Smooker, 

 Ibis, 1934, p. 589 Trinidad; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 252, 1934 

 (monog.); Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 17, 

 1935 Uaxactun, Pet6n, Guatemala; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul, 20, p. 53, 

 1936 Fazienda Formiga, Rio das Almas, Goyaz; Dugand, Rev. Acad. 

 Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 3, figs. 15 and 19, 1941 Colombia. 



Chondrohierax uncinatus megarhynchus Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 445, 

 1918 Bellavista, Peru (crit.; meas.). 



Regerhinus uncinatus uncinatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Auk, 38, p. 363, 1921 Escorial, Me>ida. 



Regerhinus uncinatus megarhynchus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920 

 eastern Peru (crit.). 



Chondrohierax megarhynchus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 157, 1922 (range; chars.); 

 Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 391, 1926 Tafi Viejo and Conception, 

 Tucuman (plumages; meas.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 (range); 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 254, 1934 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 395, 1936 San Lorenzo, Jujuy (crit.). 



Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 14, p. 143, 1922 Bonda, Mamatoco, and Chirua, Santa Marta, Colombia; 

 Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 365, 1931 Rio Frio, 

 Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; Fried- 

 mann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, p. 311, 1934 (plumages); Traylor, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Campeche (Mata- 

 moros), Yucatan (Chichen Itza); Dugand, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 55, 

 1941 Guajira, Colombia; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. 

 Handl., (3), 23, p. 47, 1945 Reyes, El Beni, Bolivia (disc.). 




30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Chondrohierax uncinatus immanis Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, 

 p. 315, July 15, 1934 Ambato, eastern Ecuador (type in Museum of 

 Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 92, p. 61, 1943 (note on type). 



Range. Southern Mexico (in states of Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chia- 

 pas, Campeche and Yucatan) and south through Central and South 

 America (including the Island of Trinidad) to southern Brazil, 

 Paraguay, and northern Argentina (Tucuman). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 18: Mexico (Matamoros, Campeche, 

 1; Chichen Itza, Yucatan, 7); Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte, 

 Matagalpa, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 3); 

 Ecuador (Lalaya, Pichincha, 1; Lanibarondon, Guayas, 1); Vene- 

 zuela (Lake Valencia, Carabobo, 2; Orope, Tachira, 1); Brazil 

 (Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 1). 



*Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus Friedmann. 2 GRENADA HOOK- 

 BILLED KITE. 



Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, No. 

 7, p. 313, July 15, 1934 Morne Rouge, Grenada (type in the American 

 Museum of Natural History, New York). 



1 Friedmann has fully discussed the complicated plumages of this species, and 

 a careful study of sixty specimens from the greater part of its range tends to 

 corroborate his conclusions. There can be no doubt whatever that C. pucherani 

 and C. boliviensis were based upon the melanistic variety of the adult male, and 

 the bird from Cuyaba listed by Pelzeln s.n. C. vitticaudus is likewise an individual 

 of this mutation. In the so-called C. megarhynchus, with huge, powerful bill, 

 we cannot see anything but an individual variation which has no geographical 

 significance, since these individuals not only spring up throughout the range (we 

 have examined specimens from Tonala, Chiapas; Cacoprieto, Oaxaca; Sierra of 

 Me"rida and Tachira, Venezuela; Sarayacu, eastern Peru; Bahia, Brazil!), but are 

 connected by intermediates with the normal small-billed uncinatus. We are, how- 

 ever, quite unable to follow Friedmann's reasoning in rejecting Des Murs's term. 

 If there were an Upper Amazonian form, its name would be megarhynchus, with 

 immanis as an absolute synonym, both names being based on large-billed in- 

 dividuals from the same faunal area. We find, however, that there is no means of 

 distinguishing such a local race, since equally large birds with even more powerful 

 bills occur in southern Mexico (Cacoprieto, Tehuantepec, and Tonala, Chiapas), 

 two males from that region having wings of 310 to 315, and bills of 46 to 50 mm. 



Additional material examined. Mexico: Tonala, Chiapas, 4; Cacoprieto, 

 Oaxaca, 2; Buctzotz, Yucatan, 1; northern Yucatan, 2. Nicaragua: San Emilio, 

 5; Rio Grande, 1; Managua, 1. Costa Rica: Barranca, 1. Panama: Veraguas, 1; 

 unspecified, 2. Colombia: Anolaima, 1; Medellin, 1. Ecuador: Paramba, 1. 

 Peru: Sarayacu, lower Ucayali, 1; Garita del Sol, Junm, 1; Echarate, Urubamba, 1; 

 eastern Peru, 3. Venezuela: Montana, Sierra of Me"rida, 2. British Guiana: 

 Demerara, 1; Camacusa, 1; unspecified, 1. Trinidad: unspecified, 2. Brazil: 

 Serra Carauman, Rio Branco, 1; Para, 1; Miritiba, Maranhao, 2; Bahia, 7; Ponte 

 do Rio Guapore, Matto Grosso, 1; Cuyab&, Matto Grosso, 2; Rio de Janeiro, 2; 

 Colonia Alpina, Rio de Janeiro, 1; unspecified, 6. Paraguay: Villa Rica, 2. 



* Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus Friedmann: Male similar to the cinnamon- 

 barred variety of the gray phase of C. u. uncinatus, but smaller, and with cinna- 

 mon-buff to ochraceous-buff, nuchal collar well-developed, and the barring on the 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 31 



Regerhinus uncinatus (not Falco uncinalus Temminck) Cory, Auk, 4, p. 48, 

 1887 Grenada; Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 622, 1889 Morne 

 Rouge, Grenada (crit.); Cory, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 Grenada; 

 Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, pp. 243, 305, 1905 Grenada. 



Chondrohierax uncinatus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 part, Grenada. 

 Range. Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Lesser Antilles (Island of Grenada, 

 3). 



*Chondrohierax wilsonii (Cassin). WILSON'S KITE. 



Cymindis wllsonii(i) Cassin, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (n.s.), 1, p. 21, 

 pi. 7, 1847 near Gibara, Cuba (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, 

 Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 31, 1899); 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 257, 1860 Cuba. 



Regerhinus uncinatus (not Falco uncinatus Temminck) Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 

 2, Erinnerungsschr. 8. Jahresvers. Deuts. Orn. Ges. Gotha, p. Ixxx, 1855 

 Cuba (descr.). 



Regerhinus wilsonii Gundlach, in Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 222, 

 1865 Cuba; idem, Journ. Orn., 19, p. 360, 1871 Guantanamo, Rio 

 Cauto, and Cienfuegos, Cuba (plumages; habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 159, 1876 Cuba (monog.); Cory, 

 Auk, 4, p. 47, 1887 Cuba (descr.); idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 

 Cuba. 



Leptodon wilsoni Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 333, 1874 Cuba. 

 Regerhinus uncinatus wilsoni Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920 Cuba. 



Chondrohierax wilsoni Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 158, 1922 Cuba (chars.); 

 Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 47, 1923 eastern Cuba; Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 Cuba; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 255, 

 1934 Cuba. 



Range. Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Guantanamo, Santa Clara, 



2). 



under parts ochraceous-tawny to tawny, with little or no grayish edgings to the 

 bars; female differing from the brown phase of C. u. uncinatus by deep fuscous 

 pileum, ochraceous nuchal collar, more tawny barring of the under parts, and 

 tawny edges to the dorsal plumage (Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, 

 No. 7, p. 313). Wing, 250, (female) 262-264; tail, 165, (female) 179-183. 



The only additional specimen seen, an adult bird marked "male" by the 

 collector, D. W. Smith, closely resembles the gray phase of the female of uncinatus, 

 but lacks all trace of the rufous nuchal collar. Size very small: wing, 250; tail, 

 170. It agrees very well with the description by Lawrence in Wells's paper, of 

 an adult male from Morne Rouge. 



C. u. mirus is evidently a well-marked race, although its plumages remain 

 to be determined by a good series of properly sexed specimens. 




32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Subfamily MILVINAE. True Kites 

 Genus HARPAGUS Vigors 1 



Harpagus Vigors, 2 Zool. Journ., 1, p. 338, October, 1824 type, by subs, 

 desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 4, 1840), Falco bidentatus Latham. 



Bidens Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 15, 1824 type, by subs, desig. 

 (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 360, 1874), Falco bidentatus Latham. 



Diodon Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 95, May, 1830 type, by monotypy, 

 Diodon brasiliensis Lesson. 



Diplodon Nitzsch, Syst. Pterylog., p. 93, 1840 type, by virtual monotypy, 

 Falco bidentatus Latham. 



*Harpagus diodon (Temminck) . RUFOUS-THIGHED HAWK. 



Falco diodon Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 34, pi. 198 (adult), May, 

 1823 Brazil 3 (location of type unknown); 4 Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 

 3, (1), p. 138, 1831 Villa Vigoza, Rio Peruhype, Bahia; Schlegel, Mus. 

 Pays-Bas, Fal cones, p. 34, 1862 Cayenne and Brazil (descr.). 



Bidens cinerascens (femoralis) Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 15, 1824 

 Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro (type in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, 

 Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 572, 1906). 



Bidens femoralis Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, pi. 8, 1824 (fig. of adult). 



Diodon brasiliensis Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 95, May, 1830 part, 

 descr. of "male," Brazil (type in Paris Museum). 



Harpagus diodon Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 102, 1855 

 Brazil (descr.); Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 29, 1857 

 Cayenne; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 630, 635, 1863 

 Rio Branco and Ypanema, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 

 1867 Rio Branco and Ypanema, Sao Paulo; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. 

 Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 67 Minas Geraes (ex Spix); Cabanis, Journ. 

 Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 361, 1874 Bahia; Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 2, p. 82, 

 1876 Santar6m, Brazil; Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 119 British Guiana 

 (plumages); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 172, 1885 

 Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 

 1891 Diamantina (near Santarem), Rio Tapajoz, Para; Ihering, Ann. 

 Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 141, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do 

 Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 364, 1899 Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo; 



^According to Miller (Condor, 39, pp. 219-221, 1937), skeletal characters 

 of this form reveal its close kinship to Accipiter. 



2 In the absence of information about the actual date of publication of Spix's 

 work, we have preserved the generic name Harpagus, in agreement with general 

 custom. 



3 We may accept Villa Vigoza, Rio Peruhype, southern Bahia, as type locality, 

 since Wied is mentioned by Temminck as discoverer of the species. 



4 It is not listed by Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, Falcones, p. 34) among the 

 specimens in the Leiden Museum. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 33 



idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903, 

 p. 497 Rio Capim, Para; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 98, 1907 

 Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 

 Cayenne; Lillo, Apunt. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 22, 1909 Ledesma, Jujuy; 

 Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., 18, pp. 248, 415, 1910 Jujuy 

 (Ledesma), Misiones (Santa Ana), and Paraguay (Alto Parana); Hellmayr, 

 Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, (2), pp. 77, 96, 1912 

 Par and Rio Capim, Para; Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 80, 

 1913 Iguazu, Misiones; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 304, 1914 

 (range in Argentina); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 139, 1914 

 Para; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 105, 1920 Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 165, 1922 (range); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 

 5, p. 123, 1926 Rio Claro, Serra da Esperanca, Parana; Peters, Bds. 

 World, I, p. 201, 1931 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 280, 

 1936 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 399, 1936 Jujuy and Misiones; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 64, 

 1938 Sao Paulo (Santo Amaro) and Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni). 

 Gampsonyx ranivorus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., (1), 1, p. 165, Jan., 1901 

 Alto Parana, lat. 25 40', Paraguay (type in coll. of A. W. de Bertoni). 



Range. British Guiana (one record), French Guiana (Cayenne), 

 and eastern Brazil, from the Rio Branco and the Rio Purus, through 

 Para (Para; Rio Capim; Santare*m, Rio Tapajoz) and the eastern 

 states south to Rio Grande do Sul and the adjacent districts of 

 Argentina (Misiones) and Paraguay (Alto Parana); also recorded 

 from northwestern Argentina (Ledesma, Jujuy). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 10: Brazil (Obidos, Rio Amazonas, 1; 

 Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas, 4; Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Monte Alegre, 

 Para, 2; Piquiatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 1; Blumenau, Santa Catharina, 1). 



*Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham). 2 DOUBLE-TOOTHED 

 HAWK. 



Falco bidentatus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 38, 1790 based on "Notched 

 Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., 1, p. 34, Cayenne; Temminck, 

 Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 7, pis. 38 (adult), 228 (young), Feb., 1821 

 Brazil and Guiana; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 132, 1830 

 Villa Vicoza, Rio Peruhype, Bahia; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Fal cones, 

 p. 35, 1862 Brazil and Cayenne (crit.). 



Bidens rufiventer Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 14, pi. 6 (=adult), 1824 

 "ad flumen Amazonum" (type in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. 

 Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 572, 1906). 



1 Additional material examined. Brazil: Para, 2; Bahia, 9; Rio de Janeiro, 5; 

 Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 2. 



2 This bird evidently is specifically distinct from H. diodon, both occurring 

 side by side, at least locally, in Guiana and in Brazil from Par& to Bahia. We 

 have examined specimens of both from Bahia. 




34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Bidens albiventer Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 14, pi. 7 (young), 1824 

 "ad flumen Amazonum" (type lost; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. 

 Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 572, 1906). 



Diodon brasiliensis Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 95, May, 1830 part, 

 descr. of young and female, Brazil and Cayenne. 



Diodon bidentatus d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 122, 1836 Santo 

 Corazon, Chiquitos, Bolivia. 



Harpagus rufipes Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class. Bds., 2, p. 213, 1837 based 

 on Falco bidentatus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., pis. 38, 228. 



Harpagus bidentatus Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 107, 1846 wood region 

 of Peru; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 

 734, 1849 wooded parts; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), 

 p. 100, 1855 Brazil; Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 630, 

 635, 1863 (soft parts); Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 28, 1866 Trinidad; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 upper Ucayali, 

 Peru; iidem, I.e., 1867, pp. 753, 979 Chyavetas and Pebas, Peru; Pelzeln, 

 Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 1867 Matto Grosso (Dourado) and Amazonia (Salto 

 do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Manaos); 

 Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 556 "Trinidad"; Sclater and 

 Salvin, I.e., 1873, p. 303 Rio Javarri, upper Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chami- 

 curos, Santa Cruz, and Pebas, Peru; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 550 

 Monterico, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 362, 1874 Peru 

 (Chyavetas, Chamicuros, upper Ucayali, Rio Javarri), Trinidad, Bogota, 

 Demerara, and Brazil; Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 120 (plumages); Taczanowski, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 47 Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, 

 p. 157, 1884 Peruvian localities; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 77 Bartica Grove, 

 British Guiana; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 318, 1889 upper Ucayali, 

 Peru; Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, p. 153 Counany, northern Para, Brazil; Ihering, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Berlepsch 

 and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 43 Borgona, Junin, 

 Peru; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 108, 1904 Ouanary 

 and Camopi, French Guiana; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 125, 

 1906 Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 

 1906 Chaguanas, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 14, p. 39, 1907 Obidos; Hagmann, 

 Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 23, 1907 Mexiana; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 

 1, p. 98, 1907 (range); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 22, 516, 1908 

 Bom Lugar, Rio Purus, and Itiatuba, Rio Tapajoz, Brazil; Berlepsch, 

 Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne; Hellmayr, I.e., 17, p. 413, 1910 

 Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 26, (2), p. 121, 1912 Mexiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 

 p. 140, 1914 Para, Sao Sebastifio, Marajo, Counany, Rio Tocantins 

 (Cameta), Rio Tapajoz (Itaituba, Pimental), and Rio Purus (Bom 

 Lugar); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 273, 1916 (numerous localities); 

 Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 39, 1918 vicinity of 

 Paramaribo and Javaweg, Surinam; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 287 Mirador, 

 near Banos, eastern Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 238, 1926 part, below San Jose and Zamora, eastern Ecuador; Dugand, 

 Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395, pi. 3, fig. 12, 1941. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 35 



Harpagus diodon (not Falco diodon Temminck) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 25, p. 261, 1857 Rio Javarri. 



Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 106, 1920 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 166, 1922 (same); Hellmayr, Field Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 457, 1929 Tury-assu, Maranhao; Naumburg, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 112, 1930 Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 200, 1931 (range); Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 589 

 Trinidad; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 282, 1936 (monog.); Pinto, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 107, 1935 Rio Gongogy and Bomfim, Bahia; 

 idem, I.e., 22, p. 64, 1938 Para (Utinga, Murutucu), Maranhao (Miritiba), 

 Bahia (Bomfim, Rio Gongogy), and Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni); 

 Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 25, 1945 

 Brazil (Joao Pessoa and Lago Grande, Rio Jurud; various Amazon 

 localities) (descr.; pis.). 



Range. Island of Trinidad; Venezuela, Colombia east of the 

 eastern Andes, and the Guianas through Amazonian Ecuador, 

 Peru, and Brazil south to central eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and, 

 in the east, to Bahia, Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni), and Rio 

 de Janeiro (Cantagallo, Rio Parahyba). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 21: Colombia (Morelia, Caqueta, 1); 

 Ecuador (Anagumba Mountain, 1; Rio Copataza, Oriente, 1); 

 Peru (Yurimaguas, Loreto, 1; Alto Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin, 

 1); British Guiana (Middle Base Camp, Itabu Creek, 1); Brazil 

 (Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 2; Canutama, Rio Purus, 1; Labrea, Rio 

 Purus, 1; Lago Baptista, Amazonas, 3; Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas, 

 1; Obidos, Pard, 2; Monte Alegre, Para, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 

 1; Murucutu, Para, 1; Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1); Bolivia (Rio 

 Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1). 



1 A series of nearly twenty adults from British Guiana wonderfully illustrates 

 the individual variation in the under parts of this hawk, every gradation being 

 represented, from uniform rufous chestnut with at best a few whitish or buffy 

 bars on anal region and thighs to a stage in which the chest is mainly gray with 

 the duller rufous color confined to sides of chest and breast, while the posterior 

 parts are narrowly cross-barred with whitish or dull rufescent on a pale gray 

 ground. To this gray variety belongs an adult male from Bahia, which is even 

 grayer on the abdomen than those from Guiana and almost wholly lacks the rufous 

 on the tibial feathers. Another Bahia bird is very nearly wholly chestnut beneath, 

 excepting, of course, throat and tail coverts. Of four Peruvian adults, two are 

 chestnut-bellied, one is intermediate, and one is just as gray below as the grayest 

 individual from Guiana. Two Sarayacu birds and a Bogota skin are nearly 

 unmarked rufous below. 



Additional material examined. British Guiana: Camacabra Creek, 1; Bartica, 

 5; Anarica River, 2; Supenaam, 4; Ituribisi, 2; Mazaruni Station, 2; Bonasika, 

 1; Abary River, 2; Demerara, 3; unspecified, 3. Trinidad: Caparo, 1; unspecified, 

 1. Venezuela: Montana Limones, Me>ida, 1; La Ortiza, San Crist6bal, Tachira, 

 1. Colombia: Bogota, 1. Ecuador: Sarayacu, 3; Miradpr, Banes, 1. Peru: 

 Pebas, 1; Chamicuros, 1; Chyavetas, 2; upper Ucayali, 2; Rio Javarri, 1. Brazil: 

 Obidos, 1; Bahia, 5; Rio de Janeiro, 1. 




36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



*Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Lawrence. 1 NORTHERN DOUBLE- 

 TOOTHED HAWK. 



Harpagus fasciatus Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., for Dec., 1868, 

 p. 429, pub. 1869 Guatemala (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in 

 the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 

 p. 115 (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 363, 1874 (descr.); 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 123 (crit.); Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 

 1881 Potrero (Vera Cruz) and Santa Efigenia and Cacoprieto (Oaxaca), 

 Mexico; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 377, 1883 San Juan del 

 Sur, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., p. 389, 1884 Sucuyd, Nicaragua; Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 106, 1901 Mexico (Potrero, 

 Santa Efigenia, Cacoprieto), Guatemala (Vera Paz), Nicaragua (La 

 Libertad, Chontales, San Juan del Sur, Sucuya), Costa Rica (Miravalles), 

 and Panama (David, Chiriqui; Railroad line); Bangs, Proc. New Eng. 

 Zool. CL, 3, p. 21, 1902 Bugaba, Chiriqui; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 6, p. 469, 1910 Costa Rica (Escazu, Guacimo, Banana River, Cuabre 

 de Talamanca); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 163, 1932 

 Guatemala; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 

 23, p. 106, 1938 Volcan de Conchagua, El Salvador. 



Harpagus bidentatus (not Falco bidentatus Latham) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1859, p. 219 Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 

 p. 317, 1861 Panama Railroad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, 

 I.e., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 502, 

 1898 Chimbo; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 250, 1917 

 Dabeiba, Bagado, Cisneros, and Puerto Valdivia (lower Cauca), Colombia; 

 Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 250, 1918 Gatun, Panama; 

 Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 145, 1922 Cantilito, 

 Las Vegas, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, and Pueblo Viejo, Colombia (crit.); 

 Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 Niebli, near 

 Gualea, and road to Gualea, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 55, p. 238, 1926 part, Rio de Oro, western Ecuador. 



Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 106, 1920; idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 166, 1922 (chars.; range); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 

 1931 (range); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 309, 1931 Almirante 

 and Changuinola, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 313, 1932 Perme 1 and 

 Obaldia, Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 2, p. 283, 1936 (monog.). 



1 Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Lawrence is a well-characterized form, differing 

 even from the most strongly barred individuals of the nominate race by the much 

 broader barring extending up to the foreneck. .The dark bars are either rufous or 

 dusky or composed of these two colors. West Ecuadorian birds are unquestionably 

 referable to fasciatus and not to bidentatus. An adult from Gualea, with parti- 

 colored barring underneath, is exactly like one from Chiriquf, while one from Bulun, 

 with mostly gray chest and dark gray bars, is matched by one from Vera Paz, 

 Guatemala. 



Additional material examined. Mexico: Cacoprieto (Tehuantepec), Oaxaca, 

 1; Vera Cruz, 1. Guatemala: Vera Paz, 2. Nicaragua: La Libertad, Chontales, 

 1. Costa Rica: Miravalles, 2; Pirris, 1; unspecified, 1. Panama: Chiriquf, 2; 

 Veraguas, 3; Lion Hill, 1. Ecuador: near Gualea, 1; Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, 2. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 37 



Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, 

 p. 365, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 84, p. 213, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua. 



Range. Southeastern Mexico (Potrero, Vera Cruz; Santa Efi- 

 genia and Cacoprieto, Oaxaca) south through Guatemala (Vera 

 Paz), El Salvador (Volcan de Conchagua), Nicaragua (La Libertad, 

 Chontales; San Juan del Sur; Sucuya, etc.), Costa Rica, and Panama 

 to Colombia (west of the eastern Andes) and western Ecuador. 



Field Museum Collection. 5: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte, 

 Matagalpa, 2); Costa Rica (Villa Quesada, Alajuela, 1); Colombia, 

 Cauca (El Tambo, Rio Munchique, 1; Rio Michengue, 1). 



Genus ICTINIA Vieillot 1 



Ictinia Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 24, Apr., 1816 type, by mono- 

 typy, "Milan-Cresserrelle" Vieillot =Falco plumbeus Gmelin. 



Nertus Boie, Isis, 1828, col. 314 type, by subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. 

 Subgen. Bds., p. 6, 1855), Falco plumbeus Gmelin. 



Poecilopieryx Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 258, 1845 type, by monotypy, 

 Falco plumbeus Gmelin. 



"Ictinia misisippiensis (Wilson). MISSISSIPPI KITE. 



Falco misisippiensis Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 80, pi. 25, fig. 1, 1811 a few 

 miles below Natchez, Mississippi (type now in the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 11). 



Falco ophiophagus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 11, p. 103, 

 1817 United States (location of type not stated). 



Ictinia ophiophaga Vieillot and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), p. 44, pi. 17, 1820. 



Ictinia mississippiensis Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 355 Coban, Guatemala; 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 203, 1874 (monog.); 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 365, 1874 (descr.); Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 104, 1901 United States to Texas and 

 Guatemala; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 105, 1920; idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 165, 1922 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 163, 1932 

 Coban, Guatemala. 



Iclinia mississipensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi, p. 10, 1862 Louisiana 

 and Ohio (crit.). 



Ictinia subcoerulea Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 345 Florida 

 (ex Bartram); Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 4, (1), p. 42, 

 1878 lower Rio Grande, Texas (habits). 



Ictinia misisippiensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201, 1931 (range); Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 278, 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 



1 For osteology and affinity, cf. Sushkin, Zool. Anz., 23, p. 527, 1900. 




38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



167, p. 63, 1937 (life hist.; range); Sutton, Condor, 41, p. 41, 1939 

 western Oklahoma (nesting habits; food; etc.). 



Ictinia plumbea misisippiensis Sutton, Wilson Bull., 56, p. 7, 1944 (race of 

 /. plumbea). 



Range. Breeds from northeastern Kansas, southern Indiana, 

 southern Illinois, and South Carolina south to Texas and Florida; 

 winters in Florida and southern Texas. Casual in Iowa, Mexico 

 (Tampico, May 17, 1888), and Guatemala (Coban, Vera Paz). 

 Two records for Paraguay. 



Field Museum Collection. 17: Texas (Matagorda, 2; Jefferson 

 County, 1; Lee County, 1); Kansas (Sun City, Barber County, 1); 

 Mississippi (Panola County, 1; Rosedale, 2); Georgia (Augusta, 1; 

 Richmond County, 3); Florida (Old Town, Dixie County, 1; Ok- 

 lawaha River, Marion County, 1; Wakulla, Wakulla County, 1); 

 Paraguay (Colonia Nueva Italia, near Villeta, 2). 1 



*Ictinia plumbea (Gmelin). PLUMBEOUS KITE. 



Falco plumbeus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 283, 1788 based on "Spotted- 

 tailed Hobby" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 106, Cayenne (type in 

 coll. of Miss Blomefield); Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 31, pi. 

 180, Feb., 1823 Brazil, Guiana, etc.; Spix, Av. Bras. Nov. Spec., 1, 

 p. 12, pi. 8b, 1824 Prov. of Rio de Janeiro, Piauhy, etc., Brazil; Wied, 

 Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 126, 1830 Barra do Jucu, Espirito Santo, 

 Brazil. 



Milvus cenchris Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 1, p. 38, pi. 10, 1807 

 new name for Falco plumbeus Gmelin. 



Ictinia plumbea Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 16, p. 76, 1817 

 (descr.); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 101, 1836 Moxos and 

 Chiquitos, Bolivia; Tschudi, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 112, 1846 

 wooded region of Peru; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 

 "1848," p. 735, 1849 coastal forests; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. 

 Bras., 2, (1), p. 104, 1855 Rio de Janeiro (Nova Friburgo, Rio da Pomba, 

 Rio Parahybuna); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 

 Bogota and Santa Marta, Colombia; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi, 

 p. 10, 1862 Cayenne, "Haiti" (errore), Surinam, and Brazil (crit.); 

 Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 42, 1866 Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, 

 p. 6, 1867 Rio de Janeiro (Cachoeirinha), Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Matto- 

 dentro), Goyaz (Araguay), and Matto Grosso (Sao Vicente, Caicara); 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 158 Santa F6, Veraguas; Sclater 

 and Salvin, I.e., 1867, pp. 590, 753 Para, Brazil, and Chyavetas, Peru; 

 iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 169 Venezuela; Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 216 Calovevora 

 and Calobre, Veraguas; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 



1 These two specimens, both absolutely typical of misisippiensis in every 

 respect, were received from a Paraguayan collector, Pedro Willim, who stated in 

 a letter that these hawks arrived near Villeta nearly every year between October 

 and February. They were seen in small lots only. B.C. 




BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 39 



1870, p. 65 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 303 Peru (Chyavetas, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas); 

 Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; 

 Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 552 Amable Maria, Peru; 

 idem, I.e., 1877, p. 329 Lechugal, Tumbez, Peru; Sclater and Salvin, 

 I.e., 1879, pp. 541, 638 Concordia and Remedios, Colombia, and Tilotilo, 

 Yungas, Bolivia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, p. 206 Manaure, Co- 

 lombia; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 Uvero, Vera Cruz, 

 and Chimalapa, Mexico; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, 

 p. 138, 1884 Peru (Amable Maria, Lechugal, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas); 

 Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 172, 1885 Rio Grande do 

 Sul (Taquara, Arroio Grande, Linha Piraja); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 9, p. 168, 1886 Paso de la Milpa, Vera Cruz; Salvin, Ibis, 

 1886, p. 77 Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 2, p. 105, 1889 lower Rio Beni and Mapiri, Bolivia; idem, I.e., 

 5, p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 69, 1894 

 Princestown, Trinidad; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, 

 p. 20, 1895 Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501, 

 1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, 

 p. 141, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 

 3, p. 364, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Nova Friburgo 

 and Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, 

 p. 131, 1900 Valparaiso, Santa Marta, Colombia; Salvadori and Festa, 

 Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 31, 1900 Rio Zamora, Ecuador; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 103, 1901 Mexico 

 (Tarn pi co ; El Salto, San Luis Potosf; Paso de la Milpa, Jalapa, Cordoba, 

 Uvero, and Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz; Chimalapa, Oaxaca; Tizimin, 

 Yucatan) to Panama; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1902, (2), p. 43 La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; Bangs, Proc. New 

 Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 21, 1902 Bogaba, Chiriqui; Thayer and Bangs, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 145, 1905 San Miguel Island, Pearl 

 Islands, Panama; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906 Chaguanas and 

 Seelet, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 14, p. 406, 1907 Humayta, Rio Madeira; 

 Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 98, 1907 Sao Paulo (Itapura) and Rio 

 Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Orn. Ser., 1, p. 83, 1907 Los Amates, Guatemala; Snethlage, Journ. 

 Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Bom Lugar, Rio Purus, Brazil; Berlepsch, Nov. 

 Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne; Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 240, 

 1909 Mocovi and Ocampo, Santa F6; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 74 Ybitimf, 

 Paraguay; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 413, 1910 Calama, Rio Madeira; 

 Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 249, 1910 (range in Argen- 

 tina); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, (2), 

 pp. 77, 96, 1912 Peixe-Boi, Para; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 371, 1913 Camp 

 Mengel, Quintana Roo; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 140, 1914 

 Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Rio Purus (Bom 

 Lugar), and Counany, Para, Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 

 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 274, 1916 

 British Guiana (numerous localities); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 36, p. 250, 1917 Cali and Villavicencio, Colombia; Me'ne'gaux, Rev. 




40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Frang. d'Orn., 9, p. 37, 1917 Pocone", Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., 10, 

 p. 290, 1918 Teju-cuare, Misiones; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 62, p. 39, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Wanaweg, and Overtoom, 

 Surinam; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 289 Bellavista, Bolivia; Arribalzaga, El 

 Hornero, 2, p. 92, 1920 Chaco; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, (4), p. 20, 

 1920 Trapiche Island, Pearl Islands; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 105, 

 1920 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 165, 1922 (range); Lonnberg and 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 42, 1922 near Mindo, Ecuador; Todd 

 and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 146, 1922 Bonda and Cincin- 

 nati, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 239, 1926 

 Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Rio de Oro, Naranjo, Santa Rosa, Pund Island, 

 Macas, Rio Suno) (crit.); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 

 5, p. 124, 1926 Candido de Abreu, Parana; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 69, p. 158, 1929 Cana, Darien (breeding); Austin, I.e., p. 373, 

 1929 Cayo District, British Honduras; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 13 

 Blairmont, British Guiana (breeding); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Zool. Ser., 12, p. 457, 1929 Tranqueira, Maranhao; Naumburg, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 113, 1930 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Laubmann, 

 Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 98, 1930 San Jose", Formosa, 

 and La Crecencia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201, 

 1931 (range); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 365, 1931 

 Rio Frio, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 313, 1932 PermS and Obaldia, 

 Panama; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 589 Caroni Marsh, Trinidad 

 (breeding); Griscom, Auk, 50, p. 298, 1935 Suretka Farm, Talamanca, 

 Costa Rica; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; 

 Carriker and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, p. 416, 

 1935 Quirigua, Guatemala; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. 

 Mich., 27, p. 18, 1935 Pacamon, Flores and Ixtinta, Peten, Guatemala; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 275, 1936 (monog.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 20, p. 53, 1936 Jaragua and Inhumas, Rio das Almas, Goyaz; 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 400, 1936 

 Misiones (Iguazu), Tucuman, and Buenos Aires (Lavalle); Bond, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88, p. 355, 1936 Ruatan and Bonacca Islands, 

 off Honduras; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 23, p. 106, 1938 San Sebastian, Barra de Santiago, and Volcan 

 de Conchagua, El Salvador; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul, 22, p. 65, 1938 

 Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni, Rio Matipo, Pirapora), Sao Paulo 

 (Bauru), Rio Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo), Matto Grosso (Corumba), 

 and Goyaz (Canna Brava, Rio das Almas, Inhumas); Dugand, Rev. 

 Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 3, fig. 17, 1941 Colombia; 

 Sutton and Pettingill, Auk, 59, p. 8, 1942 Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, 

 Mexico; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 49, 

 1945 Bolivia, El Beni (Riberalta; Victoria, Puerto Salinas; El Consuelo). 



Ictinia plumbea vagans Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 25, p. 5, Dec. 9, 

 1921 Pena Blanca, Nicaragua (type in the American Museum of Natural 

 History, New York). 



Ictinia plumbea plumbea Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 213, 1932 

 Santa Rosita and Miranda, Nicaragua; Sutton, Wilson Bull., 56, p. 7, 

 1944 (conspecific with misisippiensis). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 41 



Range. Tropical zone of Mexico (from San Luis Potosi, Tamau- 

 lipas, and Oaxaca southward), Central and South America, south 

 to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay, and northern Argentina (Tucuman, 

 Chaco, Formosa, Santa F6", and Misiones); accidental at Lavalle, 

 Buenos Aires. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 52: Mexico (Tampico, 2); Guatemala 

 (Peten, 1; Los Amates, Izabal, 1); El Salvador (San Sebastian, La 

 Paz, 2); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega, 1); Costa Rica 

 (Limon, 1; Talamanca, Puntarenas, 1); Panama (Puerto Obaldia, 

 Darien, 3); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 2); Ecuador 

 (Pastaza Andeas, Oriente, 1); Peru (Rioja, San Martin, 1; Alto 

 Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin, 1; Valle de Chanchamayo, 1); 

 British Guiana (Maspapu, 1; Pickers Gill, Pomeroon River, 1); 

 Brazil (Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 3; Obidos, Pard, 3; Tranqueira, 

 Maranhao, 1; Rio Baile, Parana, 1; Candido de Abreu, Parana, 1; 

 Chapado, Matto Grosso, 2); Bolivia (Yungas de Cochabamba, 

 Cochabamba, 2; Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 4; Rio Surutu, Santa 

 Cruz, 1; San Carlos, Santa Cruz, 1); Paraguay (Capitan Bado, 

 Cerro Amambay, 6; Villeta, Colonia Nueva Italia, 1); Argentina 

 (Iguazu, Misiones, 3; Eldorado, Misiones, 3). 



Genus ROSTRHAMUS Lesson 



Rostrhamus Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 55, Feb., 1830 type, by mono- 

 typy, Rostrhamus niger Lesson 2 = Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot. 



Hamirostrum Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., p. 109, 1873 new 

 name for Rostrhamus Lesson. 



Rostrihamus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, p. 171, Jan., 1901 type, by 

 monotypy, Rostrihamus tenuirostris Bertoni = Herpetotheres sociabilis 

 Vieillot; Berg, Commun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1, No. 8, p. 287, March 

 18, 1901 emendation of Rostrhamus Lesson. 



Cymindes "Spix" Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, p. 79, March 20, 

 1922 type, by monotypy, Cymindes leucopygus Spix= Herpetotheres 

 sociabilis Vieillot (cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 107, 

 1926). 



1 Examination of a large series (more than a hundred specimens) shows the 

 northern race (oagans) to be untenable, the supposed difference in size being non- 

 existent. 



2 Although Falco hamatus Temminck (Nouv. Rec. PL Col., pi. 61) is errone- 

 ously quoted as a synonym, Lesson's description of R. niger, as well as the generic 

 characters, are taken from the long-tailed species with white upper and under 

 tail coverts. Cf. also Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38, 

 1918. 




42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



*Rostrhamus sociabilis levis Friedmann. 1 CUBAN EVERGLADE 

 KITE. 



Rostrhamus sodabilis levis Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, p. 199, 

 Oct. 26, 1933 Cuba (type in United States National Museum); Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 250, 1934 Cuba and Isle of Pines. 



Rostrhamus sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) d'Orbigny, in 

 Sagra, Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., p. 15, 1839 Cuba (habits); Gundlach, 

 in Poey, Repert. Fis.-Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 222, 1865; idem, Journ. Orn., 19, 

 p. 362, 1871 Cuba (descr.; habits); Cory, Auk, 4, p. 47, 1887 Cuba; 

 idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 Cuba and Isle of Pines; Gundlach, 

 Orn. Cub., p. 14, 1895 Cuba and Isle of Pines; Bangs and Zappey, 

 Amer. Natur., 39, p. 191, 1905 Cienaga and Santa Rosalia Lagoon, 

 Isle of Pines; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 192, 1916 Isle of Pines; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 99, 1920 part, Cuba. 



Rostrhamus hamatus (not Falco hamatus Temminck) Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 

 2, "1854," Erinnerungsschrift, p. Ixxx, 1855 Cie'naga de Zapata, Cuba; 

 idem, I.e., 9, p. 402, 1861 Cuba. 



Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus (not of Ridgway) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 

 1922 part, Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 48, 1923 Cuba 

 (Lake Ariguanobo, Cauto Valley, etc.; nest and eggs); Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 201, 1931 part, Cuba and Isle of Pines. 



Range. Island of Cuba, including the Isle of Pines, Greater 

 Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 5: Cuba (Artemisa, Pinar del Rio, 3; 

 San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio, 2). 



*Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgway. 2 EVERGLADE KITE. 



Rostrhamus sociabilis var. plumbeus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, pp. 208 (in Key), 209, 1874 Everglades of Florida 

 (type, from near head of Miami River, in United States National Museum). 



Rostrhamus sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) Cassin, Bds. Calif., 

 Texas, etc., p. 107, 1854 Florida; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 99, 1920 

 part, Florida; Nicholson, Auk, 43, p. 62, pis. 3, 4, 1926 Florida (breeding 

 habits). 



Rostrhamus plumbeus Gurney, Ibis, 1882, pp. 455, 456 Florida (crit.). 

 Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 1922 part, Florida; 



Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201, 1931 part, Florida; Swann, Monog. Bds. 



Prey, 2, p. 249, 1934 Florida (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 



167, p. 70, 1937 Florida (life hist.). 



1 Rostrhamus sociabilis levis Friedmann: Similar to R. s. plumbeus in wing 

 length, but bill conspicuously larger and much the same size as in R. s. sociabilis. 

 Wing, 350-371; culmen from cere, 25-26. 



2 Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgway differs from the nominate race by 

 decidedly larger size with proportionately smaller bill and generally more plumbe- 

 ous coloration, particularly about the head and throat. Wing, 340-370; culmen 

 from cere, 22-25. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 43 



Range. Resident locally in tropical Florida. 



Field Museum Collection. 19: Florida (Lake Okeechobee, 1; 

 Miami, 1; Brevard County, 1; Caloosahatchee River, 1; Manatee 

 County, 1; Lake Monroe, St. John's River, 1; Palm Beach, 4; 

 Jupiter, 1; Wakeva River, 1; Kissimmee River, 1; unspecified, 3; 

 Fellsmere, 3). 



*Rostrhamus sociabilis major Nelson and Goldman. 1 MEXICAN 

 EVERGLADE KITE. 



Rostrhamus sociabilis major Nelson and Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 

 46, p. 193, Oct. 26, 1933 Catemeco, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in United 

 States National Museum); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 250, 1934 

 eastern Mexico and Pete"n, Guatemala; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche (disc.). 



Rostrhamus sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) Moore, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 27, p. 52, 1859 Pet6n, Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1859, p. 219 Lake of Pet6n; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 

 San Andres Tuxtla and Cosamaloapam, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 99, 1901 part, Mexico (San 

 Andre's Tuxtla, Cosamaloapam) and Guatemala (Pete"n); Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 99, 1920 part, Mexico. 



Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus (not of Ridgway) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 

 1922 part, eastern Mexico; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201, 1931 part, 

 eastern Mexico; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 161, 1932 

 Pet6n, Guatemala; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, 

 p. 17, 1935 Flores, Peten, Guatemala. 



Range. Breeds locally in eastern Mexico (states of Vera Cruz 

 and Campeche) and Guatemala (Pete"n district). 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Mexico (Pacaitun, Campeche, 1). 



*Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis (Vieillot). SOUTHERN EVER- 

 GLADE KITE. 



Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 18, p. 318, 

 1817 based on "Gavilan de estero sociable" Azara, No. 16, Corrientes 

 and La Plata River. 



Cymindis 1 leucopygus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 7, pi. 2, 1824 "ad 

 flumen Amazonum" (descr. of adult; type in Leyden Museum; cf. Schlegel, 

 Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 8, 1862, and Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.- 

 phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906). 



1 Rostrhamus sociabilis major Nelson and Goldman: Nearest to R. s. plumbeus, 

 but even larger, with considerably larger, heavier bill. Wing, 380; tail, 198; 

 culmen from cere, 30 mm. 



* Misprinted "Cymindes" in the text, but correctly spelled in the Index (p. 1) 

 and on the plate. 




44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco hamatus (not of Temminck, 1821) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., 

 livr. 39, pi. 231 (=young), Oct. 25, 1823; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, 

 (1), p. 182, 1830 eastern Brazil. 



Rostrhamus niger Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 56, Feb., 1830 Brazil 

 (type, collected by A. de Saint-Hilaire, in the Paris Museum). 



Cymindis hamatiis (not Falco hamatiis Temminck) Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., 

 4, pi. 20, 1834 (descr.). 



Rostrhamiis sociabilis d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me"rid., Ois., p. 73, 1835 

 Corrientes (28 S. lat.) to Paraguay and Buenos Aires; Lafresnaye and 

 d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 3, 1837 Corrientes 

 (spec, examined); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 60, 1858 Rio 

 Napo, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 289, 1860 Babahoyo, Ecuador; 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868 "Gulf of Nicoya, 

 Costa Rica"; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 Costa Rica (ex 

 Lawrence); Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 317 (no Costa Rican record); Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 160 Conchitas, Buenos 

 Aires; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 135 Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre 

 Rios; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 283, 1873 Blumenau, Santa Catha- 

 rina; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 188 Buenos Aires (food); Gurney, I.e., 

 1879, pp. 338, 341 (crit.; synon.); Gibson, I.e., 1879, p. 413 Cape San 

 Antonio, Buenos Aires (habits) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1879, p. 541 Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia; Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 

 456 Demerara, Brazil, etc. (meas.); Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 6, pp. 395, 408, 1884 Omete'pe Island and Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 77 British Guiana (ex Schomburgk); Withington, 

 Ibis, 1888, p. 470 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, 

 Arg. Orn., 2, p. 72, 1889 Argentina (habits); Riker and Chapman, Auk, 

 8, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 142 lower Pilco- 

 mayo; Holland, I.e., 1892, p. 204 Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires; 

 Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 154, 1895 Barranquilla, Colombia; 

 Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 20, 1895 Colonia 

 Risso, Paraguay; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 141, 1899 

 Pedras Brancas and Barra do Rio Camaquam; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 

 3, p. 361, 1899 Iguape, Sao Paulo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, 

 p. 131, 1900 Bonda, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 

 Aves, 3, p. 99, 1901 part, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and South America; 

 Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 205, 1902 Rio Sail, Tucuman; 

 Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Santa Catharina, Jujuy; 

 Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Rio Sail, Tucuman; 

 Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 

 569 (note 1), 1906 Corrientes (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 89, 1907 

 Teffe", Rio Solimoes, Brazil; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 410, 1907 

 Sao Paulo (Iguape, Itapura), Parana (Curytiba), and Maranhao (Boa 

 Vista), Brazil; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 240, 1909 Barracas 

 al Sud, Buenos Aires; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 246, 1910 (range in Argentina); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 

 p. 467, 1910 Bolson, Costa Rica; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 333 Ajo, Buenos 

 Aires; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 1913 Cano Corosal, 

 Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Puerto 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 45 



Bertoni and Iguassu, Paraguay; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 

 2, p. 346, 1916 Orinoco Valley as far as Ciudad Bolivar; Chubb, Bds. 

 Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 265, 1916 Supenaam, Abary River, and Mahaicoy; 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 249, 1917 Barranquilla, Co- 

 lombia; Dabbene, El Hornero, 1, p. 96, 1918 Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos 

 Aires; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38, 1918 

 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 512 Cape San 

 Antonio, Buenos Aires; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, (8), p. 8, 1919 Nicaragua 

 (Rio Ometepe, San Juan del Norte); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 

 1920 Uruguay (Canelones, Flores); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 99, 

 1920 part, South and Central America; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, 

 p. 176, 1921 Corrientes; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 

 p. 147, 1922 Bonda, Colombia; Delacour, Ibis, 1923, p. 145 San 

 Fernando, Rio Apure, Venezuela; Young, Ibis, 1927, p. 84 Plantation 

 Alliance, Dutch Guiana; idem, Ibis, 1929, p. 11 coastland of British 

 Guiana (habits); Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395, 

 pi. 1, fig. 4, pi. 3, fig. 16, 1941 Colombia. 



Rostrhamus hamatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 736, 1849 British Guiana (ex Swainson MS.); Burmeister, Journ. 

 Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 near Parana, Entre Rios; idem, Reise La Plata 

 St., 2, p. 435, 1861 near Parana; L6otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 31, 1866 

 Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1868 Sao Paulo (Teixeira), Goyaz 

 (Porto do Rio Araguay), and Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Villa Maria); 

 Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 66 Ibicaba and 

 Soumiduro, Sao Paulo; Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874 

 Barrancas, Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes (food); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 

 1, p. 96, 1907 Sao Paulo (Iguape, Itapura) and Parana (Curytiba). 



Ibicter sociabilis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 8, 1862 Brazil (Spix's 

 type). 



Rostrhamus leucopygus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 328, 1874 British 

 Guiana (Demerara), Colombia (Bogota), Peru (Pebas), and Venezuela; 

 Barrows, Auk, 1, p. Ill, 1884 Concepci6n del Uruguay, Entre Rfos; 

 Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 31, 1900 

 Vinces, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 

 22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906 (crit.); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 538, 1908 

 Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins, Brazil; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 138, 

 1914 Para, Peixe-Boi, Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Maraj6 (Pacoval, 

 Sao Natal), and Maranhao; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. 

 Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 Bahia (swamp near Joazeiro) and Piauhy 

 (Lake Parnagua); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, 

 p. 68, 1926 Sao Bento, Maranhao; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 80, p. 154, 1928 Para. 



Rostrihamus tenuirostris Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 171, Jan., 

 1901 Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. W. de Bertoni). 



Rostrihamus sociabilis Daguerre, El Hornero, 2, p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos 

 Aires; Serie" and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rfos; 

 Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Renard, I.e., 3, 

 p. 287, 1924 San Cristobal, Santa Fe"; Girard, I.e., 5, p. 224, 1933 

 Tucuman (nest and eggs). 




46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis Swarm, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 1922 Argentina 

 to Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 237, 1926 

 Yaguachi Marshes, Ecuador; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, 

 p. 106, 1926 Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco), Argentina (near Lavalle, 

 Buenos Aires), and Uruguay (San Vicente, Lazcano, Rio Negro); Fried- 

 mann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 158, 1927 Argentina; Hellmayr, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 455, 1929 Sao Bento, Maranhao; 

 Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. Ill, 1930 Descalvados, 

 Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 202, 1931 eastern Panama 

 to Argentina and Uruguay; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, 

 p. 365, 1931 Rio Frio, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 313, 1932 Perme", 

 eastern Panama; Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, 

 p. 371, 1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 

 1934, p. 589 Trinidad; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 247, 1934 

 (monog.); Laubmann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 290, 1934 Est. 

 La Geraldina, Santa Fe; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 298, 

 1935 "Obaldia," eastern Panama; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 401, 1936 Buenos Aires (La Plata, Rio Santiago, 

 etc.) and Chaco (Napalpf); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. 

 Handl., (3), 23, p. 49, 1945 Bolivia, El Beni (Bresta; Orion). 



Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus (not of Ridgway) Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 69, p. 418, 1929 Toloa Lagoon, Honduras; Stone, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 299, 1932 Laguna Toloa, Honduras; Griscom, 

 Auk, 50, p. 298, 1933 BebedeYo, Costa Rica. 



Range. Found sparingly in Honduras (Laguna Toloa), Nica- 

 ragua (Rio Omete'pe, Rio San Juan del Norte, Los Sabalos), Costa 

 Rica (Bolson), and eastern Panama (Perme*), and commonly in 

 South America west of the Andes south to Ecuador and east of the 

 Andes to Uruguay and northern Argentina as far as the provinces 

 of Tucuman, Cordoba and Buenos Aires. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 59: Nicaragua (San Emilio, Rivas, 

 1); Costa Rica (Bebede"ro, Guanacaste, 1); Venezuela (Encontrados, 

 Zulia, 1; Catatumbo, Zulia, 1; Lake Valencia, Carabobo, 4); British 

 Guiana (Georgetown, 2; Buxton, 6; New Amsterdam, 1; Demerara, 

 1; unspecified, 1); Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo, 2); Brazil (Labrea, 

 Rio Purus, 1; Lago Tapayuna, Amazonas, 3; Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 

 4; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 4; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 1; 

 Boca do Curua, Prainha, Para, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 5; Obidos, Para, 

 4; Sao Bento, Maranhao, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 1; Vaccaria, 

 Matto Grosso, 1); Paraguay (200 km. west of Puerto Casado, 2); 

 Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 7; Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 

 1; Resistencia, Chaco, 1; Isla Ella, delta del Rio Parana, 1). 



1 The few specimens that have been recorded from Central America are in- 

 termediate in size to the Mexican race (R. s. major). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 47 

 Genus HELICOLESTES Bangs and Penard 1 



Helicolestes Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38, April, 

 1918 type, by orig. desig., Falco ha.ma.tus "Illiger" Temminck. 



*Helicolestes hamatus (Temminck). SLENDER-BILLED KITE. 



Falco hamatus (Illiger MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 11, pi. 61 

 (= adult), June, 1821 Brazil (type in Leyden Museum). 2 



Rostrhamus taeniurus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 2, "1854," Erinnerungsschr., p. 

 Ixxx, 1855 Para, Brazil (descr. of immature; type in Berlin Museum); 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 328, 1874 (ex Cabanis); Gurney, Ibis, 

 1879, p. 340 (ex Cabanis). 



Ibicter sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) Schlegel, Mus. Pays- 

 Bas, Polybori, p. 7, 1862 Brazil and Surinam (descr. of adult). 



Rostrhamus sociabilis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 327, 1874 part 

 (descr. of adult in Leyden Museum). 



Rostrhamus hamatus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, 

 p. 209, 1874 Amazon (crit.); Gurney, Ibis, 1879, pp. 338, 340 Remedios, 

 Colombia (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541 

 Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia (spec, examined); Hellmayr, Abhandl. 

 Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 569 (in text), 1906 

 Brazil (crit.; chars.; nomencl.); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 409, 

 1907 Brazil and Guiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 137, 1914 

 Para (spec, examined); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920 (chars.; 

 range). 



Helicolestes hamatus Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38, 

 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam (crit.; immature plumage); 

 Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 1922 Brazil, Colombia, and Dutch Guiana; 

 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 456 (note 1), 1929 

 Lagunas, lower Huallaga, Peru; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 202, 1931 

 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 251, 1934 (monog.); Dugand, 

 Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395, 1941 Colombia. 



Range. Northern South America from Surinam to Colombia 

 (Remedios, Rio Ite", Antioquia) and from the lower Amazon (Para 

 region) to eastern Peru (Laguna, lower Huallaga). 3 



1 Genus Helicolestes Bangs and Penard: Similar to Rostrhamus Lesson, but 

 tail absolutely and proportionately much shorter; distance between the tips of 

 the longest primaries and longest secondaries not more than 50 mm.; immature 

 plumage slate gray like the adults, but tail with several (two to four) bars of 

 white, and primaries, wing coverts, and parts of the body feathering also barred 

 or flecked with white. 



2 Spec. 1, "Male au plumage parfait, Bresil," of Ibicter sociabilis Schlegel 

 (Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 7, 1862), is doubtless the type of the species, though 

 not listed as such. 



8 This rare species, whose characters have been set forth by Gurney, Hellmayr, 

 and more recently by Bangs and Penard, is recorded from widely scattered localities 

 in Amazonia as well as from Dutch Guiana. The late T. K. Salmon, furthermore, 




48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga, 

 Loreto, 1); Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 2; Canutama, Rio Purus, 1). 



Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE. Bird Hawks 

 Genus ACCIPITER Brisson 



Accipiter Brisson, Orn., 1, pp. 28, 310, 1760 type, by tautonymy, "Accipter" 

 Brisson =Falco nisus Linnaeus. 



Astur Lacepede, Tabl. Meth. Ois., p. 4, 1799 type, by subs, desig. (Vigors, 

 Zool. Journ., 1, p. 326, 1824), Falco palumbarius Linnaeus =Falco nisus 

 Linnaeus. 



Nisus Cuvier, Lee. d'Anal. Comp., 1, tab. 2, 1800 type, by tautonymy, 

 Falco nisus Linnaeus. 



Hieraspiza Kaup, 1 Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 116, 1844 type, by subs, desig. 

 (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 7, 1855), Falco tinus Latham =Falco 

 superciliosus Linnaeus. 



Hieracospiza Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Ind. Univ., p. 182, 1846 emendation 

 of Hieraspiza Kaup. 



Jeraspizia Kaup, Arch. Naturg., 16, (1), p. 34, 1850 emendation of Hiera- 

 spiza. 



Cooperastur Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 538, 1854 type, by subs, 

 desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 134, 1855), Falco cooperii Bona- 

 parte. 



Jerospizia Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 29, 1857 emenda- 

 tion. 



Lepiohierax Sundevall, Ofv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 31, No. 2, p. 24, 1874 

 new name for Cooperastur Bonaparte. 



Hieraspizia Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 emendation of Hieraspiza 

 Kaup. 



Dinospiziar Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 type, by monotypy, 

 Astur pectoralis Bonaparte. 



Hieraspizias Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 124, 1876 

 emendation of Hieraspiza Kaup. 



obtained an adult female at Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia, which is also wholly 

 typical. Five specimens in the deep neutral gray plumage without any white in 

 the tail measure as follows: Wing, 273-282; tail, 125-140. 



Additional material examined. Colombia: Remedios, 1. Dutch Guiana: 

 vicinity of Paramaribo, 1. Brazil: Utinga, Para, 1; Para, 1; unspecified, 1. 

 Peru: Lagunas, 1. 



1 Hieraspiza Kaup was originally created for several "East Indian species," 

 to which, the author says, virgatus might possibly belong. A few years later 

 (in Oken's Isis, 1847, col. 169) Kaup specifically lists A. tinus, A. minulus, and 

 A. virgatus as pertaining to the genus, among which Gray, in 1855, selected 

 Falco tinus as genotype. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 49 

 *Accipiter gen tills atricapillus (Wilson). AMERICAN GOSHAWK. 



Falco atricapillus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 80, pi. 52, fig. 3, 1812 within a 



few miles of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (type in coll. of R. T. Peale, 



evidently lost). 

 Daedalian pictum Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 67, Feb., 1830 locality 



unknown; idem, I.e., livr. 8, p. 646, June, 1831 locality stated to be 



United States (type in Paris Museum; cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., 



(2), 2, p. 211, 1850). 

 Falco regalis Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 84, pi. 495, May 8, 1830 



North America (type in Paris Museum). 

 Astur atricapillus Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 17, 1862 (descr.); 



Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 97, 1874 (bibliog.; descr.); Salvin and 



Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 45, 1899 part, North America 



(except islands off Northwest Pacific coast); Swann, Syn. List Accip., 



p. 20, 1919 (chars.; range). 

 Astur palumbarius var. atricapillus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 



Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 237, 1874 part (except islands off northwest 



Pacific coast). 

 (Astur atricapillus) var. striatulus Ridgway 1 in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 



Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, pp. 238, 239, 240, January, 1874 western North 



America (type apparently No. 8508 from Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, 



Washington, in United States National Museum). 

 Accipiter atricapillus striatulus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21, p. 66, 



1881 part, North American mainland; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 20, 



1919 part, North American mainland; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 



167, p. 139, 1937 part, North American mainland (life hist.). 

 Astur atricapillus henshaun Nelson, 2 Auk, 1, p. 166, April, 1884 "Pacific 



coast region, from southern Arizona to Sitka, Alaska" (no type or type 



locality given); Ridgway, I.e., 1, p. 252, 1884 (crit.= striatulus). 

 Astur gentilis atricapillus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 33, 1921 North America; 



idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 188, 1925 (monog.). 

 Astur gentilis striatulus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 33, 1921 part, North American 



mainland; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 189, 1925 part, North American 



mainland. 

 Astur atricapillus atricapillus Brooks, Condor, 29, p. 113, 1927 (plumages); 



Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 125, 1937 (life hist.); Porter, Wilson 



Bull., 53, p. 43, 1941 Cheboygan, Michigan (nesting); Porsild, Canad. 



Field Nat., 57, p. 25, 1943 Mackenzie Delta (probably nesting). 

 Accipiter gentilis striatulus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 part, North 



American mainland. 

 Accipiter gentilis atricapillus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 (range, in 



part). 



1 For discussions as to the validity of this race see Taverner, Condor, 42, 

 p. 157, 1940, and Bond and Stabler, Auk, 58, p. 346, 1941. 



2 Nelson probably meant to name the dark form from the northwest coast 

 islands, but unfortunately no type was named and the range as given includes 

 all three American races. 




50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Astur atricapillus striatulus Taverner, Condor, 42, p. 157, 1940 (disc.; not good 

 race). 



Accipiter atricapillus atricapillus Bond and Stabler, Auk, 58, p. 346, pi. 11, 

 1941 (second year plumage; A. g. striatulus a synonym). 



Accipiter gentilis Ingles, Condor, p. 215, 1945 Sequoia National Park (nest- 

 ing). 



Range. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, the Mackenzie Delta 

 and Ungava south to California (Sequoia National Park), Michigan, 

 Maine and New Brunswick. South in the mountains to New Mexico 

 and Pennsylvania. In winter irregularly south to the Mexican 

 border, Texas, Missouri, and Virginia. Occasionally wanders to 

 Vancouver Island on migration. 



Field Museum Collection. 83: Alaska (Bethel, 17; Takotna, 2; 

 Takotna Forks, 11; McGrath, 1; Sillokh, Kenai Peninsula, 1); 

 British Columbia (Merville, Vancouver Island, 1; Victoria, 1; 

 Sumas, 1; White Swan Lake, Kootenai Range, 2); Alberta (Red 

 Deer, 2; Hastings Lake, 1; Edmonton, 1; unspecified, 1); Manitoba 

 (St. Vitale, 1); California (Paradise, 1); Arizona (Chiricahua Moun- 

 tains, Cochise County, I); 1 Idaho (Coolin, Priest Lake, 1); Montana 

 (Sedan, 1; Rock Creek, 1; South Butte, 1); North Dakota (Nelson 

 County, 1; Pembina County, 1; Pierce County, 1; Rolette County, 

 1); Minnesota (Jadis, 1; Beaver, Roseau County, 1); Arkansas 

 (Winslow, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 1); Illinois (Cook County, 1; 

 Putnam, 1; Jasper County, 1); Maine (Hancock County, 2; Lincoln, 

 1) ; Massachusetts (unspecified, 1) ; Connecticut (New Haven County, 

 13; Stamford, 3; Norfolk, 2; Killingworth, 1). 



*Accipiter gentilis laingi (Taverner). 2 QUEEN CHARLOTTE 

 ISLAND GOSHAWK. 



Astur atricapillus laingi Taverner, Condor, 42, p. 160, May, 1940 Masset, 



Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (type in the National Museum 



of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario). 

 Astur palumbarius var. atricapillus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 



Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 237, 1874 part, islands off northwest Pacific 



coast. 



1 This specimen was taken on December 23 and does not differ in either colora- 

 tion or size from other specimens from eastern North America. 



1 Accipiter gentilis laingi (Taverner) is like A. g. atricapillus but adult is darker 

 with the black of crown of head and nape extending over the shoulders and the 

 interscapulars, and sootier gray ventrally especially across breast. Juveniles 

 with breast stripes very broad and heavy on a light ground that averages deeper 

 in color, white dorsally they are almost or quite solid rich dark brown with little 

 or no light feather-edging or semi concealed markings (Taverner, Condor, 42, 

 p. 160, 1940). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 51 



Astur atricapillus (not Falco atricapillus Wilson) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. f 



1, p. 97, 1874 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast. 

 Accipiter atricapillus striatulus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21, p. 66, 



1881 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast; Swann, Syn. List Accip., 



p. 20, 1919 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast; Bent, Bull. U. S. 



Nat. Mus., 167, p. 139, 1937 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast 



(life hist.). 

 Astur gentilis striatulus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 33, 1921 part, islands off 



northwest Pacific coast; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 189, 1925 part, 



islands off northwest Pacific coast. 

 Accipiter gentilis striatulus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 part, islands 



off northwest Pacific coast. 



Range. Known at present only from Vancouver and the Queen 

 Charlotte Islands, but probably ranges in the islands of the north- 

 west Pacific coast as far north as Sitka or Icy Strait. Occasionally 

 in winter to the mainland around Puget Sound. 



Field Museum Collection. 12: British Columbia (Graham Island, 

 2; Vancouver Island, Comox, 6; Colquitz, 1; Gordon Head, 1; 

 Victoria, 1); Washington (Clallam Bay, Clallam County, 1). 



*Accipiter gentilis apache van Rossem. 1 MEXICAN GOSHAWK. 



Accipiter gentilis apache van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 51, p. 99, May 

 19, 1938 Paradise, Cochise County, Arizona (type in the Dickey Collec- 

 tion, now in the University of California at Los Angeles); idem, Occ. 

 Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 53, 1945 Yecora, Sonora. 



Astur atricapillus (not Falco atricapillus Wilson) Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 45, 1899 part, Mexico (Yecora, Sonora and 

 Sierra Nayarit, Jalisco). 



Accipiter gentilis striatulus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 Arizona and 

 (?) Chihuahua. 



Accipiter atricapillus striatulus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 

 8, p. 126, 1936 southern Arizona. 



Astur gentilis subsp. Moore, Condor, 40, p. 24, 1938 Babizos, Sinaloa (crit.). 



Range. Extreme southern Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains south 

 through Sonora (Yecora) to Jalisco (Sierra Nayarit). 



1 Accipiter gentilis apache van Rossem: "Darker and more blackish (less bluish) 

 dorsally even than A. g. striatulus (Ridgway) [ = A. g. laingi Taverner] of the Pacific 

 Northwest, the darkest of the two previously described North American races; 

 young with ventral streaking broader and darker (more guttate, less linear) than 

 in the young of striatulus [=laingi]. Size largest among the North American 

 races." 



The specimen listed above is a juvenile male taken on August 30. It is very 

 dark above and has a large wing measurement, 353 mm. It is very buffy under- 

 neath but the streaking is not darker or broader than in many specimens from the 

 northern United States. More specimens are needed for comparison, it would 

 seem, before the validity of this race can be ascertained. 




52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains, 

 Cochise County, 1). 



Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble. 1 NORTHERN FOUR- 

 BANDED ACCIPITER. 



Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 444, Oct., 1918 Buena 

 Vista, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, 

 Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 62, 1921 Mexico; idem, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 334, 1926 Mexico; Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 217, 1931 (range). 



Accipiter pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 27, p. 389, 1859 Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz. 



Accipiter bicolor (not Sparvius bicolor Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., 

 p. 137, 1868 part, southern Mexico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 154, 1874 part, southern Mexico; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 

 236, 1881 Potrero, Vera Cruz, and Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 47, 1899 part, Vera Cruz 

 (Jalapa, Potrero, Playa Vicente) and Oaxaca (Tehuan tepee) ; Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 37, 1919 part, southern Mexico. 



Accipiter sexfasciatus (not of Swainson) Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 208, 

 1869 part, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 



Range. Tropical zone of eastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz 

 (Jalapa, Buena Vista, Potrero, Playa Vicente) and Oaxaca (Tapana- 

 tepec). 



*Accipiter bicolor bicolor (Vieillot). FOUR-BANDED ACCIPITER. 



Sparvius bicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 10, p. 325, June 

 21, 1817 Cayenne (type in Paris Museum examined ;= young); Pucheran, 

 Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 92, 1850 (crit.). 



Nisus variatus (Cuvier MS.) Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 61, Feb., 1830 

 Cayenne (type 2 in Paris Museum examined); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., 

 (2), 2, pp. 6, 210, 1850 (crit.). 



Accipiter sexfasciatus Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 282, Dec. 31, 1837 

 Guiana (type 3 in the coll. of R. Schomburgk, now in the British Museum, 

 examined); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 208, 1869 part, Costa Rica. 



1 Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble: Similar to the nominate race, but 

 larger and darker throughout, blackish slate above and slate gray below. Wing, 

 255-260; tail, 209-212 (Bangs and Noble). While the adult is unknown to the 

 authors, a young female in changing plumage is indeed larger (wing 260) than 

 any other specimen, and the newly growing feathers on the foreneck are even darker 

 slate gray than in the variety named A. b. schistochlamys. 



Material examined. Mexico: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 1. 



2 The type is the very same specimen sent by Leblond from Cayenne on 

 which Sparvius bicolor Vieillot was based. 



8 This is spec, g of the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 155 (Reg. No. 55. 12.19.257). 

 It was presented by the Zoological Society and bore on its stand: "British Guiana 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 53 



Visus sexfasciatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 



p. 736, 1849 Guiana (ex Swainson). 

 Nisus pileatus Tschudi, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 100, 1846 part, wooded 



region of Peru; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 35, 1862 part, 



spec. No. 3, Caracas, Venezuela. 

 Micrastur dynastes Bonaparte, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 4, 1854 "Nouvelle 



Grenade" (cotypes in British Museum examined, Reg. No. 54.1.17.8 and 



54.1.17.9;=young). 



Accipiter pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 28, pp. 72, 298, 1860 Pallatanga and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 355 Vera Cruz, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. 

 Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 289, 1861 Panama Railroad; Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 304 part, Cayenne and Guatemala; Pelzeln, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 part, Barra do Rio Negro, Brazil (spec, examined ;= 

 young); Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868 San 

 Jose, Dota, and Turrialba, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 

 1869 Costa Rica; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 47 

 Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 166, 1884 Peru (Guajango, 

 Cutervo, Huambo); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1902, (2), p. 42 La Merced, Peru; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 

 14, No. 25, p. 36, 1922 road to Gualea, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 55, p. 225, 1926 Ecuador (ex Sclater and Lonnberg). 



Accipiter bicolor Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 137, pi. 69, 1868 part, 

 Guatemala to Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and the Guianas; 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 317 Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1869, p. 252 Maruria, Lake Valencia, Venezuela; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1870, p. 215 Chitra, Boqueti de Chitra, Calovevora and Volcan 

 de Chiriqui, Panama; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., p. 782 Merida, Venezuela; 

 iidem, I.e., p. 838 coast of Honduras; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 Santa 

 Cruz, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 154, 1874 (monog.); 

 Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 82, 1876 Santarem, Brazil; Taczanowski, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, pp. 329, 333 Tumbez, Peru and Palmal 

 (Prov. Guayas), Ecuador; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1879, p. 540 Remedies, Colombia; Boucard, I.e., 1883, p. 457 Aguada 

 de Yoksatz, Yucatan; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 165, 1884 Peru 

 (Tumbez, Santa Cruz); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 75 Bartica Grove and 

 Roraima, British Guiana; Feledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 

 1887 San Jose', Costa Rica; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 317, 1889 

 Shanusi, Yurimaguas, Peru; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 

 Santarem (one immature female); Cherrie, I.e., 9, p. 328, 1892 San 

 Jos6, Costa Rica; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 502, 1898 Cachavi, Ecuador; 

 Lantz, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 219, 1899 Naranjo, Guatemala; 

 Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 222 "Santo Domingo" (=Nanegal), Ecuador; 

 Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 141, 1903 Yarnca, Honduras; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 128, 1914 (range); Chubb, Bds. Brit. 

 Guiana, 1, p. 228, 1916 Ituribisi, Mazaruni, Supenaam, Bartica and 



collection, July 1, 1840, purchased at Mr. Schomburgk's sale. No. 181 Mr. 

 Swainson's catalogue, labelled Astur sexfasciatus in Mr. Swainson's own hand- 

 writing." 




54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Roraima; 1 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 242, 1917 Colombia 

 (Popayan Purification, Florencia); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 37, 1919 

 (in part); idem, Auk, 38, p. 359, 1921 Culata, Merida, Venezuela. 



Nisus bicolor Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 107, 1876 

 Panama, Costa Rica (San Jose, Turrialba, Sipurio) (monog.); Ihering, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 (range). 



Cooperastur bicolor Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 112, 1902 

 Altagracia, Quiribana de Caicara, and Caicara, Orinoco, Venezuela; 

 Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne. 



Accipiter bicolor bicolor Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 382, 1906 Santo Antonio 

 do Prata and Benin" ca, Para; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 26, (2), p. 96, 1912 same localities; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 

 p. 443, 1918 Perico and Bellavista, Rio Maranon, Peru; Swann, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 62, 1921 (range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 14, p. 148, 1922 Bonda and La Tigrera, Colombia; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 332, 1926 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 225, 1926 Ecuador (Chongon Hills, Rio de Oro, Gualea, Portovelo, 

 Alamor, Balza, below San Jose); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, 

 p. 157, 1929 Cana, Darien; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 311, 1931 Fruitvale, 

 Almirante, Panama; Darlington, I.e., p. 366, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena, 

 Colombia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 151, 1932 Guatemala; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool., 

 Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Uaxactun, Peten, Guatemala; Aldrich, 

 Sci. Pub. Clevel. Mus. N. H., 7, p. 42, 1937 Paracote, Panama; Pinto, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 66, 1935 (range); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Gyldenstolpe, K. 

 Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 26, 1945 Brazil (Igarape 

 Grande, Rio Jurua; various Amazonian localities) (disc.). 



Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 82, 

 May 8, 1906 Nanegal, Ecuador (type in Tring Collection, now in the 

 American Museum of Natural History, New York); Bangs, Auk, 24, 

 p. 290, 1907 El Pozo and Boruca, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 6, p. 455, 1910 Costa Rica (Santa Maria de Dota, Pozo Azul de 

 Pirris, El Hogar, Boruca, Buenos Aires); Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. 

 Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 12, 1911 Santo Domingo, 

 Ecuador; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 370, 1913 Xcopen, Quintana Roo; Rendahl, 

 Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 8, 1919 Pacuarito, Costa Rica; Swann, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 62, 1921 (range); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, 

 p. 36, 1922 Alonguinche and near Gualea, Ecuador; Swann, Monog. 



1 Chubb in his description of the adult male states "axillaries, under wing- 

 coverts, and thighs rufous" and says that the female is "similar to the male." He 

 says the two specimens were collected on the Supenaam and Mazaruni rivers, 

 respectively. Upon inquiry, Mr. J. D. Macdonald of the British Museum of 

 Natural History writes that the male does have red under wing coverts, but 

 that those of the female are white as in typical bicolor and that there is no reason 

 to doubt the authenticity of the localities. The question arises therefore whether 

 this male is simply an aberrant specimen or whether the ranges of typical bicolor 

 and pileatus overlap, as there is some reason to believe those of bicolor and guttifer 

 may do in Bolivia. B.C. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 55 



Bds. Prey, 1, p. 333, 1926 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931 

 western Ecuador. 



Range. Tropical zone of southeastern Mexico (Yucatan) south 

 through Central America, Colombia and Venezuela to Peru (Perico, 

 Guajango, Bellavista, .Cutervo, Rio Maranon; Huambo; Santa Cruz 

 and Shanusi, Rio Ucayali; Chanchamayo), eastern Bolivia (Rio 

 Surutu, Santa Cruz), and northern Brazil (Manaos; Santarem, Rio 

 Tapajoz; Primeira Cruz, Maranhao). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 26: Mexico (Chichen Itza, Yucatan, 

 1); Costa Rica (Villa Quesado, Alajuela, 1); Colombia (Rio Jam- 

 parado, Choco, 1; El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 4); Venezuela 

 (Rio Aurare, Zulia, 1); Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, Guayas, 1; 

 Nanegal, Occidente, 1; Baeza, Napo-Pastaza, 1); British Guiana 

 (Boundary Camp, head of Itabu Creek, 2; Middle Base Camp, 

 Itabu Creek, 1); Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Canutama, Rio 

 Purus, 3; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 1; Boca Ituqui, Para, 1; 

 Obidos, Para, 1; Piquiatuba, Pard, 1); Peru (Alto Quimire, Chan- 

 chamayo, Junin, 3); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1). 



*Accipiter bicolor pileatus (Temminck). PILEATED ACCIPITER. 



(l)Sparvius guttatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. d., 10, p. 327, 

 1817 based on "Esparvero pardo y goteado" Azara, No. 24, Paraguay 

 (descr. of young). 2 



1 From the material at hand the further recognition of A. b. schistochlamys 

 seems hardly warranted. While there can be no doubt that adult birds from 

 western Ecuador and Central America taken as a whole are darker gray 

 underneath, exceptions to this rule are rather frequent. For instance, a male from 

 British Guiana (Supenaam) is just as dark (light neutral gray) as many western 

 individuals, while one from Yucatan (Tizimin) is even paler (pale gull gray) below 

 than those from Guiana. A bird from Remedies, Antioquia, Colombia, again is 

 inseparable from a Cayenne specimen. Chapman and others also have come to 

 the conclusion that the western form was not properly separable. 



A juvenile male from northern Maranhao (Primeira Cruz), though slightly 

 intermediate to pileatus, seems to be referable here. However, birds in adult 

 plumage should be examined. 



Additional material examined. Mexico, Yucatan: Tizimin, 1; Peto, 1; Merida, 

 1. British Honduras: Cayo District, 1. Guatemala: Choctum, Vera Paz, 3; 

 Savanna Grande, 1; Duenas, 1. Honduras: Tegucigalpa, 1. Nicaragua: San 

 Emilio, 1; Rio Coco, 1; Matagalpa, 1; Ojoche, 1. Costa Rica: Miravalles, 1; 

 Turrialba, 1. Panama, Bogaba, 1; Bpquete, Chiriqui, 2; Frances, Chiriqui, 1; 

 southern slope of Volcan de Chiriqui, 1; Chitra, Veragua, 2; Veraguas, 4. 

 Colombia: Remedies, 1; Bogotd, 7. Ecuador: Nanegal, 1; Balzar, 1; Mpuji, 1; 

 Cachabi, 1; Yanayam, 1; Sarayacu, 3. Venezuela: below Caracas, 1; Limones, 

 Merida, 1; Caicara, Orinoco, 2. British Guiana: Bartica Grove, 3; Mazaruni, 1; 

 Supenaam, 1; Ituribisi, 1; Roraima, 1; Demerara, 4. French Guiana: Cayenne, 

 2. Brazil: Manaos, Bemfica, 1; Santo Antonio, 1. 



2 Bertoni (Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 79, note 1, 1913; Faun. Parag., p. 42, 

 1914) believes Azara's "Esparvero pardo y goteado" to be the juvenile plumage 

 of Accipiter bicolor pileatus and while agreeing with him that the description can- 




56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco pilealus (Wied MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 35, pi. 205, 

 June 20, 1823 "on doit la connaissance de cette espece au prince de 

 Neuwied qui 1'a rapporte de ses voyages au Bresil" = Ilha Cachoeirinha, 

 Rio Belmonte, Bahia (type in coll. of Prince Wied, now in the American 

 Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 2, p. 267, 1889); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 107, 1830 

 Ilha Cachoeirinha, Rio Belmonte, Bahia. 



Falco poliogaster Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 45, pi. 295 (=young), 

 April, 1824 Brazil (part, descr. of juvenile plumage). 



Nisus poliogaster d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. M6rid., Ois., p. 89, 1835 part, 

 Brazil (cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 181, 1921). 



Nisus pileatus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 73, 1855 Nova 

 Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 35, 1862 

 part, No. I, 1 2, 4, 6-8, Brazil; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., 2, p. 109, 1876 Brazil (monog.); Bertoni, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 

 17, p. 222, 1913 Paraguay (crit.). 



Accipiter pileatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 304 part, Brazil; 

 Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 part, Sao Paulo (Murungaba, Rio 

 Parana) and Matto Grosso (Jauru); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 284, 

 1873 Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 153, 1874 Brazil; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 170, 

 1885 Rio Grande do Sul (Taguara Arroio Grande, Linha Piraja); Allen, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; 

 Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Mundo Novo 

 and Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 350, 

 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Nova Friburgo, Rio de 

 Janeiro; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 Ubatuba, Sao Paulo 

 and Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 71 Sapucay, 

 Paraguay (egg descr.); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. 

 Wien, 76, p. 89, 1910 Bahia (Fazenda da Serra Lagoa da Estreme, Rio 

 Grande; Barra Vermelha, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Os Umbus, Parnagua), 

 Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 37, 1919 (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, 

 p. 183, 1921 (range; crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 61, 1921 (range); 

 Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 1926 Fazenda 

 Durski and Guarapuava, Parana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de 

 Janeiro, 2, (6), p. 47, 1926 Ceara; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Zool. Ser., 12, p. 458, 1929 Tranqueira, Maranhao, and Ibiapaba, 

 Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 106, 1930 Matto 

 Grosso. 



Accipiter bicolor pileatus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 334, 1926 (monog.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931 (range, except Argentina); Pinto, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 51, 1936 Inhumas (Rio Meia Ponte), Goyaz; 



not possibly refer to A. guttifer (=A. guttatus auct.) we do not consider it sufficiently 

 clear to justify the rejection of the well-established name pileatus in favor of 

 Vieillot's more or less obscure term guttatus. 



1 Schlegel claims a Natterer specimen received in exchange from the Vienna 

 Museum to be the original of plate 205. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 57 



Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 66, 1938 Bahia (Bomfim), Minas Geraes 

 (Pirapora), Sao Paulo (Ubatuba, Presidente Epitacio, Cananea), Rio 

 Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco) and Goyaz (Inhumas); Conover, Fieldiana, 

 Zool., 31, p. 33, 1946 Chapada, Matto Grosso (range; disc.). 



Range. Tableland of Brazil from southern Maranhao and Piauhy 

 south in the west to central Matto Grosso and in the east to Rio 

 Grande do Sul, and (?)eastern Paraguay. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Brazil (Tranqueira, Maranhao, 1; 

 Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1). 



*Accipiter bicolor guttifer Hellmayr. 2 BOLIVIAN ACCIPITER. 



Acdpiter guttifer Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 200, Sept. 20, 1917 

 based on Acdpiter guttatus Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., livr. 11, p. 169, 

 pi. 85, 1867 Bolivia (type in Norwich Museum); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 

 p. 181, 1921 Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Torochito (Mizgue), Bolivia 

 (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 61, 1921 "Paraguay" and Bolivia (chars.); 

 Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 Santa Cruz, Sierra de la Rioja; 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 115, 1926 Tapia, Tucuman; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 331, 1926 (monog.); Laubmann, Wiss. 

 Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 99, 1930 Formosa (Tapikiole) 

 and Bolivia (Villa Montes, Tarija) (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 218, 

 1931 southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina; Oberholser, Proc. 

 Colorado Mus. N. H., 10, (5), p. 24, 1931 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 405, 1936 Pantanos 

 del Palmas, Dept. Santa Barbara, Jujuy (range); Brodkorb, Proc. Biol. 



1 Records of A. b. pileatus from Peru and Ecuador are due to confusion with 

 A. b. bicolor. 



Additional material examined. Piauhy: Os Umbus, 1. Bahia: Fazenda da 

 Serra, Rio Grande, 1; Lagoa da Estrema, Rio Grande (= Villa Nova), 1. Rio 

 de Janeiro, 6. Sao Paulo: Rio Parana, 1. Matto Grosso: Chapada, 1. Parana: 

 Roca Nova, Serra do Mar, 1. Santa Catharina: Blumenau, 3. Rio Grande do 

 Sul: Taquara, 5. Paraguay: Sapucay, 1; Villa Rica, 1. 



2 Acdpiter bicolor guttifer Hellmayr is clearly a geographical representative 

 of A. bicolor. Its principal character in adult plumage is the tawny color of the 

 breast and abdomen, while the juvenile dress is boldly spotted with blackish 

 underneath. 



Graham Kerr's specimen (an adult male in fresh plumage) from the lower 

 Pilcomayo, recorded as A. chilensis, proves to be perfectly typical of guttifer. 

 Perhaps a similar mistake was made by Reed when recording "guttatus" from 

 Mendoza, which is much more likely to be A. b. chilensis. C.E.H. 



As pointed out in my paper (Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 40, 1946) Dr. Hellmayr's 

 original manuscript kept Acdpiter bicolor Vieillot and A. guttifer Hellmayr as 

 distinct species and made the latter a race of A. chilensis Philippi and Landbeck. 

 Specimens in Field Museum, however, showed that guttifer and pileatus (which 

 Hellmayr considered a race of bicolor) were conspecific; therefore, the forms have 

 been arranged as shown above. B.C. 



Additional material examined. Brazil: Urucum, near Corumba, Matto Grosso, 

 1. Bolivia: San Lorenzo, Tarija, 1. Paraguayan Chaco: 195 km. west of Puerto 

 Casado, 9. Argentina: Rio de Oro, Chaco Austral, 1; Ledesma, Jujuy, 3; Jujuy, 2; 

 Metan, Salta, 2; Rio Bermejo, Oran, Salta, 1; Conception, Tucuman, 2; Cumbre 

 de Raco, Tucuman, 1. 




58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Soc. Wash., 50, p. 33, 1937 265 km. west of Puerto Casado, Paraguayan 



Chaco. 

 Nisus poliogaster (not Falco poliogaster Temminck) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. 



M6rid., Ois., p. 181, 1835 part, Santa Cruz and Chiquitos (cf. Hellmayr, 



Nov. Zool, 28, p. 181, 1921). 

 Nisus pileatus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Merid., Ois., p. 90, 1835 Itaty and 



Iribucua, Corrientes. 



Accipiter guttatus (not Sparvius guttatus Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Exot. 

 Orn., livr. 11, p. 169, pi. 85, 1867 Bolivia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 152, 1874 "Paraguay" and Bolivia; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Tor- 

 ino, 12, No. 292, p. 29, 1897 Lesser, Salta; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Tucuman and Tafl Viejo, Tucuman; idem, Rev. 

 Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, (3), p. 62, 1905 same localities; Hartert and Venturi, 

 Nov. Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Tucuman (Los Vasques, Tucuman, Cumbre 

 de Raco), Jujuy (Ledesma), Salta (Metan) and Chaco Austral (Rio de 

 Oro); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243, 1910 (range 

 in Argentina); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 300, 1914 (range in Argentina); 

 (?)Reed, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 20, 1916 Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 37, 1919 (range); Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, 

 p. 93, 1920 Chaco. 



Nisus guttalus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 106, 1876 

 (ex Sharpe). 



Accipiter chilensis (not of Philippi and Landbeck) Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143 

 lower Pilcomayo, Chaco (spec, examined). 



Accipiter pileatus Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 

 Tucuman and Vipos, Tucuman; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 465 Tatarenda, 

 Tarija, Bolivia; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, (13), p. 62, 1905 Tucu- 

 man and Vipos, Tucuman; Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, p. 93, 1920 

 Chaco Argentino; Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 160, 1927 

 Concepci6n, Tucuman. 



(Accipiter bicolor) 4. pileatus Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 437, 1924 

 Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia. 



Accipiter bicolor pileatus Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 402, 1936 Puerto Diaz, Salta (range in Argentina). 



Accipiter bicolor guttifer Conover, Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 39, 1946 Matto 

 Grosso (Corumba), Bolivia (San Lorenzo, Tarija), Paraguayan Chaco, 

 Argentina (Rio de Oro, Chaco Austral; Salta; Tucuman) (range; disc, 

 dist. chars.). 



Range. Tropical zone of southern Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz 

 to Tarija), western Matto Grosso (Descalvados) j 1 Argentina, from 

 Corrientes, Formosa and the Chaco west to La Rioja, Tucuman, 



1 Ihering's record (Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899; Cat. Faun. 

 Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907) from Rip Grande do Sul must be a mistake. Pinto, in his 

 recent catalogue of Brazilian birds, does not list the species at all, although Ihering 

 claims to have obtained it in Rio Grande do Sul, nor is it represented among 

 Ihering's birds in the Berlepsch Collection. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 59 



Salta and Jujuy; and the Paraguayan Chaco (lower Pilcomayo; 

 265 km. west of Puerto Casado). 



Field Museum Collection. 10: Bolivia (Pulquina, Santa Cruz, 

 1); Paraguay (195-265 km. west of Puerto Casado, Chaco, 7); 

 Argentina, Tucuman (Conception, 1; Taficillo, 1). 



*Accipiter bicolor chilensis Philippi and Landbeck. CHILEAN 

 ACCIPITER. 



Accipiter chilensis Philippi and Landbeck, Arch. Naturg., 30, (1), p. 43, 

 Jan., 1864 Chile (cotypes from Santiago and Valdivia, in Museo Nacional, 

 Santiago de Chile; cf. Gigoux and Looser, Bol. Mus. Nac. Santiago, 13, 

 p. 21, 1930); Landbeck, Anal. Univ. Chile, 24, p. 346, Apr., 1864 from 

 Aconcagua Province to Chiloe, common in the vicinity of Valdivia, Chile; 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile (crit.); Sclater 

 and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 73, pi. 37, 1867 Chile and Straits of Magellan; 

 iidem, Ibis, 1868, p. 188 Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan; Philippi, 

 Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 245, 1868 Chile; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 155, 1874 Chile (Santiago) and Straits of Magellan; Reed, Anal. 

 Univ. Chile, 49, p. 558, 1877 Cauquenes, Colchagua, Chile; Allen, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 105, 1889 Valparaiso, Chile; Oustalet, Miss. 

 Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 21, 1891 Punta Arenas, Orange Bay (Hoste 

 Island), and Gable Island (crit.); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 206, 

 1893 Chile; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 180 Maquegua, Arauco, Chile; Sal- 

 vadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 614, 1900 Punta Arenas 

 and Penguin Rookery, Staten Island; Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 

 15, p. 2, pi. 1, 1902 Chile (descr.; crit.); Arribalzaga, Anal. Mus. Nac. 

 Buenos Aires, 8, p. 160, 1920 Lago General Paz, Chubut; Dabbene, 

 I.e., p. 355, 1902 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; idem, I.e., 18, pp. 243, 414, 

 1910 (range in Argentina); Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. 

 Patagonia, 2, Orn., p. 605, 1915 (descr.; synon.; range); Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 38, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 62, 1921 

 (range); (?)Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 La Barrera, plain of 

 La Rioja; (?)Vallentin, in Boyson, The Falkland Islands, p. 332, 1924 

 Falkland Islands; 1 Wetmore, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 423, 1926 

 Rio Fetaleufu, Chubut; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 336, 1926 

 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 218, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 279, 1932 Aconcagua to the Straits 

 of Magellan (crit.); Reynolds, El Hornero, 5, p. 348, 1934 mountains 

 north of Bahia Moat, Tierra del Fuego; Bullock, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 

 39, p. 240, 1935 Isla la Mocha, Chile; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 406, 1936 (range in Argentina); Housse, Rev. Chil. 

 Hist. Nat., 41, p. 134, 1938 Chile (range; habits). 



Accipiter cooperi (not Falco cooperii Bonaparte) Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. 

 Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 237, 1847 Chile to Magellan Straits; Pelzeln, 

 Reise Novara, 1, Vogel, p. 13, 1865 Chile (crit.); Housse, Rev. Chil. 

 Hist. Nat., 29, p. 142, 1925 San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile. 



1 Probably confused with Circus cinereus Vieillot. 




60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Accipiter pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. 

 Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 7, p. 236, 1847 Chile (part, excl. of description); 

 Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 280, 1901 Chile (crit.). 



Accipiter magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Des Murs, in Gay, 



Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 235, 1847 Chile (part, excl. of description); 



Boeck, Naumannia, 1855, p. 498 Valdivia. 

 Nisus pileatus Hartlaub, Naumannia, 3, p. 209, 1853 Valdivia, Chile; 



Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 35, 1862 part, No. 5, Santiago, 



Chile. 

 Nisus chilensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 106, 1876 



(monog.). 

 (t)Accipiter guttatus (not Sparvius guttatus Vieillot) Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, 



p. 20, 1916 Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza. 



Cooperastur chilensis Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, p. 225, 1925 Isla 

 La Mocha, Arauco, Chile; Jaffuel and Pirion, I.e., 31, p. 103, 1927 

 Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; Kuroda, Tori, 8, p. 140, 1933 

 San Bornonol, Perquenco, Chile. 



Range. Chile, from Aconcagua Province south to the Straits of 

 Magellan, Tierra del Fuego and Staten Island, and along the Argen- 

 tine slope of the Andes through western Chubut (Lago General Paz; 

 Valle del Lago Blanco; Rio Fetaleufu) and Rio Negro to Lake 

 Nahuel Huapi; (?) occasional at Mendoza (Luian de Cuyo) and 

 La Rioja (La Barrera). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 5: Chile (Maquehue, Temuco, Cautin, 

 1; Rinihue, Valdivia, 1; Puerto Montt, Llanquihue, 1; Hermita 

 Island, Magallanes, 1); Argentina (Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 

 1). 



*Accipiter gundlachi Lawrence. 2 CUBAN ACCIPITER. 



Accipiter gundlachi(i) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 252, May, 

 1860 Hanabana, Cuba (type in coll. of J. Gundlach); Albrecht, Journ. 

 Orn., 9, p. 200, 1861 Cuba (descr. adult male); Gundlach, in Poey, 

 Rep. Fis. Nat., Cuba, 1, p. 224, Nov., 1865 Cuba (breeding in March); 



1 Additional material examined. Chile: Santiago, 1; Maquegua, Arauco, 1; 

 Maquehue, Temuco, Cautfn, 2; Pelal, Temuco, Cautfn, 2; unspecified, 4. 

 Straits of Magellan, 2. Argentina: Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 2; Lago 

 Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, 1. 



2 The taxonomic position of this rare hawk has been in doubt. So far as colora- 

 tion is concerned it most closely resembles Accipiter bicolor guttifer but is larger (wing 

 of male 245 and of female 298 mm.) and has a much heavier foot and tarsus. A 

 female examined has gray under parts rather heavily washed with rufous, especially 

 about the abdomen, while the breast has numerous rather indistinct white spots 

 and bars. The thighs, under wing coverts, and axillaries are also spotted with 

 white. 



In an adult male the foreneck, chest, upper breast, and flanks are grayish 

 ash indistinctly tinged with dull rufescent along the shafts of the feathers. The 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 61 



idem, Journ. Orn., 19, p. 367, 1871 Cuba (plumages; habits); Sharpe, 



Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 137, 1874 (ex Lawrence); Cory, Bds. W. Ind., 



p. 198, 1889 Cuba; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 Cuba; Barbour, 



Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 45, 1923 Cuba (nearly extinct); Swann, 



Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 294, 1926 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 



217, 1931 Cuba; Conover, Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 41, 1946 (disc. tax. 



position). 

 Astur cooperii (not Falco cooperii Bonaparte) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 17, 



1850 Cardenas, Cuba (July, 1841); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 2, Extraheft, 



p. Ixxxii, 1854 Cuba. 

 Nisus pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 125, 



1850 Cienagas de Zapata, Cuba. 

 Astur pileatus Gundlach and Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 2, Extraheft, p. Ixxxii, 



1854 Cuba (one male, Nov., 1849). 

 (Nisus cooperi) var. Gundlachi, Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 



Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 223 (note), 1874 Cuba (descr. of young). 

 Nisus gundlachi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 104, 



1876 Cuba (monog.). 

 Accipiter cooperi gundlachi Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919; idem, Syn. 



Accip., p. 53, 1921 Cuba. 



Range. Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Havana, 1; Guantanamo, 

 Santa Clara, 1). 



*Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte). COOPER'S HAWK. 



Falco cooperii Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 1, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1828 near Borden- 



town, New Jersey (type in coll. of C. L. Bonaparte, now in Paris Museum; 



cf. van Rossem, Auk, 54, p. 203, 1937). 

 Falco Stanleii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 186, 1831 Kentucky and Niagara 



Falls (probably no type extant); idem, Bds. Amer., pis. 36, 141, 1831. 

 Accipiter mexicanus Swainson, in Richardson and Swainson, Fauna Bor. 



Amer., 2, 1831, p. 45 (note), Feb., 1832 Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico 



(type in coll. of M. Taylor). 

 Astur cooperi Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 18, 1862 Tennessie and 



"Haiti" (crit.). 

 Accipiter cooperi(i) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868 



El Mojon, Costa Rica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 137, 1874 



white spotting is rather indistinct and confined to the crissum, while the thighs 

 are pure rufous, except that each feather is tipped by a very narrow, almost 

 obsolete line of white. 



An immature male resembles immatures of guttifer but the throat is finely 

 streaked with dusky and the brown shaft lines to the feathers of the under parts 

 are lighter and narrower. The specimen is in transition plumage as the thighs 

 are reddish barred with white as are some of the flank feathers. 



This hawk does not appear to be extinct, since one of the examples examined 

 was taken in 1935. 



Additional material examined. Cuba: Artemisa, Pinar del Rio, 1. 




62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



(descr.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 46, 1899 

 North America to Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica (El Mojon); 

 Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 454, 1910 Costa Rica (winter 

 visitant); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931 (range); Bent, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 167, p. 112, 1937 (life hist.); Cooke, Bd.-Banding, 12, p. 152, 

 1941 Colonia Agricola de Sumapaz, Colombia (banded in Manitoba). 



Nisus cooperi Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 

 3, p. 230, 1874 (monog.); idem, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, 

 p. 97, 1876 (monog.; full bibliog.). 



Nisus cooperi var. mexicanus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 North Amer. Bds., 3, pp. 224, 231, 1874 western N. America and Mexico 

 (crit.). 



Accipiter cooperi(i) mexicanus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, p. 92, 

 1888 (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919 western United States 

 and Central America (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 292, 1926 (monog.); van Rossem, 

 Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 272, 1931 Saric, Chinobampa, 

 Sonora (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 151, 1932 

 Guatemala; van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 428, 1934 

 Sonora (Alamos, Oposura) and Chihuahua (Bravo); van Rossem, Occ. 

 Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 53, 1945 Sonora (nesting; 

 distr.), p. 54 (footnote) (tax.; disc.). 



Accipiter cooperi(i) cooperi(i) Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919 middle 

 and southern United States (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 291, 1926 (monog.). 



Range. Southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, central 

 Quebec and Nova Scotia south over the United States to northern 

 and western Mexico; winters from the northern United States south 

 to Mexico and Guatemala, occasionally even to Costa Rica (El 

 Mojon) 1 and Colombia (Colonia Agricola de Sumapaz). 



Field Museum Collection. 85: British Columbia (Okanagan, 2); 

 Oregon (Prospect, Jackson County, 2; Eagle Point, Jackson County, 

 1); California (Del Monte Forest, Monterey County, 1; Santa 

 Monica Canyon, 1; Placerita Canyon, 1; Redlands, 1; Big Bear 

 Lake, 1); Arizona (Palmerlee, 1; Chiricahua Mountains, 1; Cochise 

 County, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 1; Phoenix, 1; Tucson, 1; Santa 

 Rita Mountains, 1); Idaho (Coolin, Priest Lake, 1); Colorado (New 

 Castle, 1); New Mexico (Rincon, 1; Deming, 1); Texas (Harlingen, 

 1; Lee County, 1); North Dakota (Ramsey County, 1); Nebraska 

 (Lincoln, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 2); Minnesota (Jadis, Roseau 



1 While it is admitted that immature birds from the western United States 

 are generally more heavily striped underneath, the proportion of distinguishable 

 specimens is too small to warrant the recognition of a western race (mexicanus). 

 Both adult (breeding July) and young birds from the Sierra Madre, Nayarit, are 

 exactly like others from the eastern United States. More than one hundred speci- 

 mens in all were examined. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 63 



County, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 6; Delton, 2); Illinois (Lake 

 County, 2; Cook County, 1; Lewistown, 3); Michigan (Benzie 

 County, 4); Connecticut (Lyme, 2; Black Hall, 2; Hadlyme, 1; New 

 Haven County, 16; Stamford, 4; Goodspeed Lodge, 1); Ne^ Jersey 

 (Orange, 3); Georgia (Roswell, 6); Florida (Zolfa Springs, 1); 

 Mexico (La Paz, Lower California, 1; Cibuta, Sonora, 2). 



Accipiter pectoralis (Drapiez). RUFOUS-BREASTED HAWK. 



Falco pectoralis Drapiez, 1 Diet. Class. Sci. Nat., 4, p. 340, 1838 "1'Amerique 



meridionals" (location of type not stated). 

 "F. pecloralis Cuv. (Buteo pectoralis? Vieillot)" 2 Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., 



(2), 2, p. 490, 1850 Brazil (descr. of type in Antwerp Museum, now in 



Brussels Museum; cf. Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 44 [note 4], 



1884). 



Accipiter pectoralis Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 313, pi. 10 (descr.); Pelzeln, I.e., 

 1862, p. 194 Ypanema and Borba (soft parts); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1866, p. 304 (listed); Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 170, 1869- 

 Ypanema and Borba, Brazil; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 321 (spec, in Phila- 

 delphia); Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 437, 1924 (range); Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 218, 1931 (range); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 67, 1938 

 Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro and Bauru, Rio Feio, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 23, 

 p. 504, 1938 Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro; Laubmann, Physis, 16, p. 110, 

 1939 (range). 



Astur pectoralis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 18, 1862 Brazil (descr. 

 of "type" in Antwerp Museum); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1867 

 Ypanema, Sao Paulo, and Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil; Sharpe, Cat. 

 Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 121, 1874 Brazil; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 

 p. 349, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de 

 Janeiro; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 87, 1907 Bauru, Sao Paulo; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 128, 1914 Para; Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 27, 1919 Brazil, Guiana and Ecuador; idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 45, 1921 (chars.; range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 252, 1925 

 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. EL, 55, p. 223, 1926 Rio 

 Suno, Ecuador. 



Dinospizias pectoralis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 Cantagallo, 

 Rio de Janeiro; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 440, 1910 Borba, Rio 

 Madeira; Dabbene, El Hornero, 1, p. 99, 1918 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay 

 (June, 1916). 



1 The description reads "Parties superieures brunatres, les inferieures blan- 

 chatres, rayees de noir; gorge et poitrine rpusses; bee brun; pieds jaunes. Taille, 

 quatorze pouces. De 1'Amerique meridionale." Nothing is said about the 

 location of the type but it is more than likely that Drapiez's description was 

 based on the same specimen in the Antwerp Museum discussed by Bonaparte a 

 few years later. 



2 "Circus" (=Buteo) pectoralis Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 

 4, p. 477, 1816, "dans les Indes Orientales") appears to be something quite dif- 

 ferent. The type is no longer extant (cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, 

 p. 95, 1850). 




64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



NisusC!) pectoralis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 128, 



1876 (monog.). 

 Cooperastur pectoralis Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 259 Sarayacu, Ecuador (crit.; 



meas.). 



Range. British Guiana, 1 eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu; Rio Suno), 

 Brazil (Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro; Obidos; Para; Borba, Rio Madeira; 

 Bahia; Ypanema and Bauru, Sao Paulo; Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro) 

 and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parana). 2 



*Accipiter superciliosus superciliosus (Linnaeus). 3 EYEBROWED 



ACCIPITER. 



Falco superciliosus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 128, 1766 Surinam 

 (descr. of transitional plumage). 



Falco tinus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 50, 1790 based on "Tiny Falcon" 

 Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 39, Cayenne (type in Leverian Mu- 

 seum). 4 



Sparvius subniger Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 10, p. 319, 

 June 21, 1817 "Guyane"; idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 

 1263, 1823 (type stated to be in Paris Museum); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. 

 Zool., (2), 2, p. 92, 1850 (crit.). 



Sparvius minutus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 10, p. 328, 

 June 21, 1817 Cayenne; idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1267, 

 1823 (reprint); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 93, 1850 (crit.; 

 type no longer in Paris Museum). 



Nisus malfini Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 58, Feb., 1830 Cayenne 

 (part, descr. of adult; type in Paris Museum); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., 

 (2), 2, p. 209, 1850 (crit.). 



Falco ferrugineus Nordmann, in Erman's Reise, Naturhist. Atlas, p. 16, 

 1835 Brazil (type in Berlin Museum; cf. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 

 30, p. 88, 1922). 



Nisus tinus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 70, 1855 Guiana; 

 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 33, 1862 Cayenne and Brazil; 

 Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 87, 1907 Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; Chros- 



1 An adult male in the British Museum collected by J. J. Quelch and J. V. 

 McConnell before 1895 at an unspecified locality. 



2 Material examined. British Guiana, 1. Ecuador: Sarayacu, 1. Brazil: 

 Obidos, 1 (adult male, Feb. 20, 1907. F. Santos, British Museum); Borba, Rio 

 Madeira, 1; Bahia, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1. 



3 It is with considerable reluctance that we are preserving Linnaeus's name, 

 since the description contains the passage "Magnitude picae" and all Latham's 

 diagnosis of Falco tinus is likewise faulty, the crown of head being called "dusty 

 white." We would rather reject both terms in favor of S. subniger Vieillot, about 

 which there is no uncertainty at all, the type being in existence. Cf . also Ridgway, 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 126, 1876. 



4 This bird, a tailless specimen, did not come to the Vienna Museum. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 65 



towski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scien. Varsovie, 5, No. 8, p. 456, 1912 

 Parana, Brazil. 



lerospizia tinus Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 29, 1857 

 Cayenne. 



Accipiter tinus Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 Sao Paulo (Ypanema, 

 Porto do Rio Parana), Barra do Rio Negro (=Manaos), and Para, Brazil; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 139, 1874 part, Guiana and Brazil; 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 501 Carimang River, British Guiana; Ihering, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 349, 1899 Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 

 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. 

 Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 29, 1900 Rio Santiago, eastern Ecua- 

 dor; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 La Priceon, Caura, 

 Venezuela; Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., Ser. 1, No. 3, p. 7, 1904 Puerto 

 Bertoni, Paraguay; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne; 

 Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 89, 1910, 

 p. 203, 1923 Parnagua, Piauhy and Miritiba, Maranhao; Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 414, 1910 Alto Parana, Paraguay 

 (ex Bertoni); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 128, 1914 Benevides 

 and Peixe-Boi, Para; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 342, 

 1916 La Pricion, Caura, Venezuela; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 80, p. 154, 1928 Para. 



Hieraspizia Una Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de 

 Janeiro. 



Nisus (? Hieraspizias) superdliosus? Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., 2, p. 125, 1876 part, British Guiana (Demerara), Brazil (Bahia, 

 Rio de Janeiro), and Venezuela (San Esteban) (monog.). 



Accipiter superdliosus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 410, 1910 Marvins, Rio 

 Machados, Brazil; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 

 26, (2), p. 96, 1912 Para; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 300, 1914 

 Misiones and Paraguay; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 227, 1916 

 Supenaam River, Bartica, lower Mazaruni River, Arawai and Carimang 

 River; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 35, 1918 

 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919 

 (in part); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (in part); idem, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 295, 1926 (monog., excl. of Panama); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. 

 Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 122, 1926 Vermelho and Therezina, Parana. 



Accipiter collaris Swann, Auk, 38, p. 357, 1921 part, Merida, Venezuela 

 (specimen in Museum of Comparative Zoology only, examined). 



Accipiter superdliosus superdliosus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 224, 1926 Rio Santiago, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Zool. Ser., 12, p. 459, 1929 Piauhy (Parnagua) and Maranhao (Miritiba); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 218, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. 

 Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 409, 1936 Misiones; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 

 22, p. 67, 1938 Sao Paulo (Cachoeira, Alto da Serra, Olympia) and Minas 

 Geraes (Marianne). 



Range. From Venezuela (Merida, Caura) and the Guianas south 

 through Brazil to Parana and the adjacent parts of Paraguay (Puerto 




66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Bertoni) and Argentina (Misiones), west to eastern Ecuador (Rio 

 Santiago; Sarayacu), 1 Peru (San Martin) and Matto Grosso. 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Ecuador (Mera, Oriente, 1; Rio 

 Capataza, Oriente, 1); Peru (Moyobamba, San Martin, 1; Rioja, 

 San Martin, 1); Brazil (Boca Rio Ituqui, Para, 1; Joinville, Santa 

 Catharina, 1). 



*Accipiter superciliosus fontanieri Bonaparte. 2 FONTANIER'S 



ACCIPITER. 



Accipiter fontainieri (sic) 3 Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 37, 

 (22), p. 810, for Nov. 28, 1853 no locality given (the type examined in 



1 Two adult and one young (in transitional plumage), from Sarayacu, are 

 perfectly typical of the eastern form, agreeing with a series from British Guiana. 

 Birds from various parts of Brazil are similar. A single adult from Venezuela 

 does not differ either. 



Additional material examined. Venezuela: Merida, 1 (immature); San Este- 

 ban, Carabobo, 1 (adult female). French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. British Guiana: 

 Bartica Grove, 1; Abary River, 1; Supenaam, 2; Demerara, 1; Arawai River, 1; 

 lower Mazaruni River, 1; Carimang River, 1; Rupununi River, 1; Rio Takutu, 

 2; unspecified, 2. Brazil: Para, 1; Manaos, 1; Miritiba, Maranhao, 2; Parnagua, 

 Piauhy, 1; Bahia, 3; Rio de Janeiro, 5; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1; Marvins, Rio 

 Machados, Matto Grosso, 1. Ecuador: Sarayacu, 3. 



1 Accipiter superciliosus fontanieri Bonaparte: Exceedingly close to the nomi- 

 nate race, but dusky barring of under parts generally somewhat wider and more 

 sharply defined, the bars, in the adult male, besides being blacker, less grayish. 



The large series of specimens now available for comparison shows the western 

 race to be a very poor one. The supposedly smaller size amounts to very little, 

 as may be gathered from the subjoined wing measurements. While adult males 

 have indeed blacker bars beneath, the difference in width of these markings, 

 especially in females and immature birds, is largely obliterated by individual 

 variation. 



The applicability of Bonaparte's term to the present form seems beyond dis- 

 pute, since two adults from Remedios, situated on the Rio Ite, which flows into 

 the lower Magdalena not far from the type locality, are indistinguishable from 

 Veragua and Costa Rica specimens (exitiosus). A "Bogota" skin, which probably 

 originated in the Magdalena Valley, is likewise typical of this form. An extremely 

 well-marked adult male obtained by W. Goodfellow in December, 1913, at Mindo 

 (alt. 6,000 ft.) adds A. s. fontanieri to the fauna of western Ecuador. 



The wing measurements of adults are as follows: 



A. s. superciliosus. Males: seven from British Guiana, 133-136; one from 

 Maranhao (Miritiba), 132; one from Bahia, 137; two from Rio de Janeiro, 135, 

 135; one from eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu), 135. Females: three from British 

 Guiana, 155, 162, 164; one from Venezuela (San Esteban), 164; one from eastern 

 Ecuador (Sarayacu, 163; one from Bahia, 158; two from Rio de Janeiro, 153, 160. 



A. s. fontanieri. Males: one from Costa Rica, 133; one from Panama Rail- 

 road, 132; one from Remedios, Colombia, 130; one from Bogota, 134; one from 

 Mindo, Ecuador, 128. Females: one from Santiago de Veraguas, 150; one 

 from Tado, Colombia, 149; one from Remedios, 155. 



Additional material examined. Costa Rica (unspecified), 1. Panama: San- 

 tiago, Veraguas, 1; Panama Railroad, 1. Colombia: Remedios, 2; Tado, 1; 

 Santa Cruz, Magdalena, 1; Bogota, 2. Ecuador: Mindo, 1. 



3 First mis-spelled "fontainieri," the name was, in accordance with the dis- 

 coverer's (Fontanier) orthography, corrected in Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, in 1854. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 67 



the Paris Museum was obtained by M. Fontanier at Santa Cruz, Mag- 

 dalena, Colombia; descr. of young); idem, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 

 578, 1853 (reprint). 



Accipiter fontanieri Bonaparte, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 5, 1854; Hellmayr, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 459 (note), 1929 (crit.). 



Accipiter collaris (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 

 p. 462, 1862 Panama Railroad line, Panama. 



Accipiter tinus (not Falco tinus Latham) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 

 p. 304 New Granada and Veragua (crit.); Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 158 

 Santiago de Veragua, Panama (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, 

 p. 541 Remedies, Rio Ite, Colombia; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 14, p. 537, 1891 Greytown, Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 51, 1899 Nicaragua (Greytown) to Panama 

 and Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 Las 

 Nubes, Santa Marta, Colombia; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 

 454, 1910 Costa Rica (Carrillo, Guapiles, El Hogar). 



Accipiter superciliosus (not Falco superciliosus Linnaeus) Hellmayr, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1203 Tado, Pacific Colombia; Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 241, 1917 Barbacoas (Narino) and Puerto 

 Valdivia (lower Cauca), Colombia; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919 

 (in part); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (in part). 



Accipiter superciliosus exitiosus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool. 

 Cl., 7, p. 45, Feb. 19, 1920 Carrillo, Costa Rica (type in Museum of 

 Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 147, 1922 Las Nubes and Santa Marta, Colombia 

 (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 296, 1926 Costa Rica to western 

 Colombia; Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 187, 1930 (crit.); Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 218, 1931 Costa Rica to Colombia; Griscom, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 313, 1932 Obaldia, Panama; idem, I.e., 78, 

 p. 298, 1935 Panama. 



Range. Nicaragua (Greytown), Costa Rica (Carrillo, May 13; 

 Guapiles, March 10; El Hogar, March) and Panama (Santiago de 

 Veraguas; Panama Railroad; Obaldia) south to Colombia (west of 

 the eastern Andes) and western Ecuador (Mindo). 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Colombia (La Costa, Cauca, 1; 

 "Bogota," 1). 



*Accipiter collaris Sclater. 1 COLLARED ACCIPITER. 



Accipiter collaris (Kaup MS.) Sclater, Ibis, 2, p. 148, pi. 6, 1860 Bogota, 

 Colombia (type in the British Museum examined); idem, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 304 New Grenada; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 144, 1874 Bogota; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 321 Bogota (list of known 



1 Accipiter collaris Sclater is remarkable both for its stout feet and its pattern 

 of plumage. An immature male in the British Museum was taken on Nov. 28, 

 1906, in the Montanas del Moro, Venezuela, elevation 2,500 meters, which indicates 

 that the species is an inhabitant of the Subtropical zone. 




68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



specimens); Gurney, I.e., 1875, p. 470 (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., 

 p. 33, 1919 Colombia (chars.); idem, Auk, 38, p. 357, 1921 part, 

 Merida, Venezuela (specimen in British Museum only); Stresemann, 

 Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 219, 1931 Co- 

 lombia (Bogota) and Venezuela (Andes of Merida); Conover, Fieldiana, 

 Zool., 31, p. 42, 1946 (disc.; plumages; range). 



Nisus (? Hieraspizias) collaris Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 2, p. 127, 1876 (monog.). 



Astur collaris Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 45, 1921 Colombia and Venezuela 

 (crit.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 250, 1925 (monog.). 



Range. From the Merida region of Venezuela through Colombia, 

 west of the eastern Andes, to western Ecuador (Nanegal and Gualea, 

 Pichincha). 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Colombia, Cauca, El Tambo (La 

 Costa, 1; Munchique, 3); Ecuador, Pichincha (Nanegal, 1; Gualea, 

 1). 



*Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck). 1 GRAY-BELLIED GOSHAWK. 



Falco poliogaster Natterer MS., Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 45, 

 pi. 264 (adult), April, 1824 Brazil =Ypanema, Sao Paulo (type in the 

 Leyden Museum). 



Nisus poliogaster Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 62, Feb., 1830 part, descr. 

 of adult; 2 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 43, 1862 Brazil (note on 

 type). 



Accipiter poliogaster Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 Ypanema, Sao Paulo; 

 Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924 (range); Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 219, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 

 1, p. 408, 1936 (bibliog.; range); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 67, 1938 

 Porto do Sape, Rio Pardo (Rio Parana), Matto Grosso, Brazil, and Puerto 



1 Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck) bears some superficial likeness to Micrastur 

 mirandollei, but may be recognized by less elevated maxilla; lack of every trace 

 of yellow at base of mandible; very nearly smooth (instead of conspicuously 

 hexagonally-scuted) tarsus; blackish slate pileum (not deep neutral gray, like 

 back); much darker upper parts, the dorsal feathers being fuscous black, apically 

 edged with slate gray, instead of uniform deep neutral gray, etc. 



An adult female from British Guiana (jardinei) except for its larger size, is 

 very much like the type of A. poliogaster, having the under wing coverts uniform 

 pale grayish, and the sides of the head black like the crown. The bird from 

 Allianca, we are told by Mr. Zimmer, who examined it at our request, is a male of 

 the present species. It was erroneously recorded as M. mirandollei. Nothing is 

 known about the breeding range of this species as not more than a dozen speci- 

 mens exist in collections. 



Additional material examined. British Guiana: Essequibo River, 1. Brazil: 

 Amazon Valley, 1; Allianca, Rio Madeira, 1. Paraguay: Puerto Bertoni, 1. 

 Argentina: Santa Ana, Misiones, 1. 



2 The young birds collected by A. de St. Hilaire, one in Rio Grande do Sul, 

 the other at Sao Miguel, near Sao Joas d'El Rey, Minas Geraes, which we have 

 examined in the Paris Museum, are A. bicolor pileatus. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 69 



Bertoni, Paraguay; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 

 (3), 23, p. 49, 1945 Bolivia (Victoria, El Beni), Brazil (Santarem) (disc.). 



Astur poliogaster Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 120, 1874 (descr. of type); 

 Bertoni, Rev. Inst. Parag., p. 11, 1907 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay (spec, 

 examined); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 416, 1910 

 Misiones; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 299, 1914 Santa Ana, Misiones; 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 226, 1916 Essequibo River, British 

 Guiana (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 27, 1919 (range); idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 44, 1921 (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 182, 1921 (crit.); 

 Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 149, 1922 Bonda, Santa 

 Marta, Colombia (adult female, Apr. 26, 1899); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 248, 1925 British Guiana to Paraguay (mo nog.). 



Cooperastur poliogasier Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 258 Amazon Valley (crit.); 

 Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913 Santa Ana, Misiones; idem, 

 I.e., 2, p. 291, 1916 same locality; idem, El Hornero, 1, p. 100, 1918 

 Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni) and Misiones (Santa Ana, Aug., 1912). 



Urospizias jardinei Gurney, Ibis, (5), 5, p. 97, pi. 3, Jan., 1887 hab. ign. 

 (type in the Norwich Museum). 



Astur jardinei Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 10, p. Ivi, 1900 British Guiana; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 27, 1919 British Guiana. 



Accipiter mirandollei (not Astur mirandollei Schlegel) Bertoni, Anal. Cient. 

 Parag., Ser. 1, No. 3, p. 6, 1904 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. 



Micrastur mirandollei Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 409, 1910 Allianca, Rio 

 Madeira. 



Range. Scattered records from Colombia (Bonda, Aug. 26), 

 British Guiana (Essequibo River), Amazonas (Itacoatiara; Allianca, 

 Rio Madeira), Goyaz (Rio Sao Miguel), Matto Grosso (Porto do 

 Sape, Rio Pardo, July), Sao Paulo (Ypanema), Bolivia (Victoria, 

 El Beni; Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz), Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni, 

 Apr. 15), and Misiones (Santa Ana, Aug. 21). 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Brazil (Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1; 

 Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 1); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1). 



*Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson). SHARP-SHINNED HAWK. 



Falco velox Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 116, pi. 45, fig. 1, after Feb. 12, 1812 

 banks of the Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (no type 

 in existence). 



Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 13, pi. 46, fig. 1, after Aug. 12, 

 1812 neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (no type in existence). 



Sparrius tricolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e'd., 10, p. 328, June 21, 

 1817 'TAmerique meridionale" (type in Paris Museum); Pucheran, Rev. 

 Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 94, 1850 "Cayenne" (crit. ;= young). 



Sparvius ardosiaceus Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1275, 1823 

 "Etats-Unis" (no type indicated). 




70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Nisus pacificus Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., 12, No. 46, col. 1086, June 19, 

 1845 Acapulco to California (type evidently from San Bias, Nayarit, 

 Mexico; presumably in coll. of R. P. Lesson, present location unknown); 

 idem, Oeuvres Compl. Buff on, ed. Leveque, 20, (Descr. Mamm. Ois.), 

 p. 177, 1847 (reprint). 



Accipiter fuscus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868 

 El Mojon, Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 216 

 Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 135, 

 1874 (monog.). 



Nisus fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller, 1777) Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and 

 Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 224, 1874 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 110, 1876 (monog.). 



Accipiter velox Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 168, 1886 Tecali, 

 Puebla; Herrera, La Naturaleza, (2), 1, p. 176, 1888 Valley of Mexico 

 (fall and winter); Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 San Jose, Costa Rica 

 (Jan. 8, 1884); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 34, 1893 Granados 

 and Pachico, Sonora; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 

 3, p. 48, 1899 Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua (Blewfields), Costa Rica 

 (El Mojon, San Jos6) and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui) ; Riley, in Shattuck, 

 The Bahama Islands, p. 362, 1905 New Providence; Dearborn, Field 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 81, 1907 Lake Atitlan, Guatemala 

 (April 8); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 455, 1910 Costa Rica 

 (Guayabo, Cariblanco de Sarapique, Volcan de Irazu, Escazu); Phillips, 

 Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Montelunga (Oct. 12), Altamira (Dec. 20), and 

 Galindo (April 22), Tamaulipas, Mexico; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. 

 Zool., 32, p. 107, 1929 Lower California (winter visitor); van Rossem, 

 Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 242, 1931 Sonora (Tecoripa, Saric, 

 Tesia; Sept., Dec., Mar.). 



Accipiter velox rufilatus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, p. 92, 1888 

 "western North America, east to the Rocky Mountains, north to Kodiak, 

 south into Mexico" (type from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, in U. S. National 

 Museum; cf. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 122, 1905). 



Accipiter velox pacificus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 122, 1905 

 (nomencl.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 288, 1926 Pacific coast of 

 United States, wintering to Mexico. 



Accipiter fuscus fuscus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 31, 1919 North America 

 to Guatemala; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 (range). 



Accipiter striatus velox Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 (range); van Rossem, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 428, 1934 Alancor, Sonora, and Bravo, 

 Chihuahua; Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; 

 Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 108, 

 1938 El Salvador (Puerto de Triunfo, Jan. 1; Rio San Miguel, Feb. 5; 

 San Salvador, Mar. 13, Apr. 25); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Wetmore, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 89, p. 532, 1941 Panajachel, Guatemala; van Rossem, Occ. 

 Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 54, 1945 Sonora (distrib.). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 71 



Accipiter striatus perobscurus Snyder, 1 Occ. Pap. Roy. Ontario Mus. Zool., 

 No. 4, p. 4, July 14, 1938 McClinton Creek, Massett Inlet, Graham 

 Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (type in Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, 

 Toronto, Canada). 



Accipiter striatus suttoni van Rossem, 2 Auk, 56, p. 127, col. pi. 6, April 7, 

 1939 Mesa del Chipinque, near Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, altitude 

 about 4,500 feet (type in the Sutton Collection); Sutton and Burleigh, 

 Condor, 43, p. 159, 1941 same locality (add. notes on dist. chars.); 

 Sutton, Pettingill and Lea, Wilson Bull., 54, p. 199, pi., 1942 same 

 locality; van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, 

 p. 55, 1945 Tesia, Sonora (Dec.). 



Range. Breeds from northwestern Alaska and Mackenzie east 

 to Quebec and Newfoundland, south to central California, Texas, 

 the Gulf coast and northern Florida; winters from British Columbia 

 and the northern border of the United States, south through Mexico 

 and Central America to Costa Rica (various records) and western 

 Panama (one record from Volcan de Chiriqui); accidental in the 

 Bahamas. 3 



Field Museum Collection. 182: Alaska (Circle City, 1); Yukon 

 Territory (Yukon River, 2); British Columbia (Queen Charlotte 

 Islands, 1; Graham Island, 1; Comox, Vancouver Island, 7; Victoria, 

 1; Vancouver, 2; Princeton, 1; Okanagan, 2); Alberta (Beaverhill 

 Lake, 1); Saskatchewan (Maple Creek, 2); Oregon (Mitchell, Polk 

 County, 1; Princeville, 2; Jackson County, 2; Salem, 1); California 

 (Red Bluff, 1; Thermal, 1; Clipper Gap, 1; Alameda, 5; Berkeley, 1; 

 Enterprise County, 1; Monterey County, 7; West Port, 1; Los 

 Angeles County, 2; San Diego County, 3; San Mateo, 1; San Jose", 

 1); Arizona (Palmerlee, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 2; Tucson, 3); 



1 Accipiter striatus perobscurus Snyder: The birds of the coastal region of 

 British Columbia and southern Alaska have recently been separated under this 

 name. In adults the white of the belly is said to be reduced, and in winter extreme 

 examples are said to be darker on the dorsal surface. In juveniles the dorsal region 

 is supposed to average darker and the under surface to have the dark areas in 

 preponderance over the light ones. The specimens in Field Museum from the 

 range assigned to this supposed race appear to be just as variable and in no way 

 to differ from a series taken in eastern North America. B.C. 



2 Accipiter striatus suttoni van Rossem: Differs from A. s. velox by having 

 "underparts paler, redder (less brownish) and very much less maculated; chest, 

 lateral underparts and thighs immaculate, or nearly so, light red, between 'tawny' 

 or 'ochraceous tawny' and 'vinaceous russet' (of Ridgway, 1912)." 



None of our Mexican birds show the characters assigned to this proposed 

 race, except an immature from Michoacan, taken August 13, which has the 

 flanks and thighs immaculate rufous. Another immature from Coahuila, taken 

 April 13, however, has no rufous whatsoever on the under parts. B.C. 



3 After examining some eighty specimens I am unable to distinguish a western 

 race (pacificus), though admitting that some individuals are more cinnamomeous 

 underneath than the average from the eastern United States. C.E.H. 




72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Idaho (Coolin, 1; Coeur d'Alene, 2); Montana (Miles City, 1); 

 Colorado (Coulter County, 1; Garfield County, 2); Texas (Gaines- 

 ville, 1; Tivoli, 1); North Dakota (Ramsey County, 2; Towner 

 County, 1); Arkansas (Fayetteville, 3; Winslow, 1); Wisconsin 

 (Beaver Dam, 6); Illinois (Lake County, 2; Naperville, 1; Cook 

 County, 2); Indiana (Liverpool, 1); Nova Scotia (Seabright, 1); 

 Maine (Lincoln, 2); Massachusetts (Burlington, 1); Connecticut 

 (New London County, 3; East Hartford, 2; Litchfield County, 7; 

 New Haven County, 46; Stamford, 4; Bridgeport, 1; Newtown, 1); 

 New York (Suffolk County, 2); New Jersey (Orange, 3); North 

 Carolina (Raleigh, 1); Georgia (Roswell, 2); Florida (Highlands 

 County, 1; Amelia Island, 3; Palm Beach, 1; Key West, 1); Mexico 

 (El Oro, Lower California, 1 ; Sabinas, Coahuila, 1 ; Tampico, Tamau- 

 lipas, 2; Tancitaro, Michoacan, 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 2; Tutla, Oaxaca, 

 1; Chichen Itza, Yucatan, 1); Guatemala (Lake Atitlan, 1; Mixco, 

 Guatemala, 1; Tajamulco Volcano, San Marcos, 1); El Salvador 

 (San Salvador, San Salvador, 1); Costa Rica (Volcan Turrialba, 

 Cartago, 1). 



*Accipiter striatus striatus Vieillot. HISPANIOLAN SHARP- 

 SHINNED HAWK. 



Acdpiter striatus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 42, pi. 14, 1807 

 Saint Domingue (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot); Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 Wash., 23, p. 77, 1910 part, Haiti. 



Falco viellotinus (sic) Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 204, 1809 based on "Le 

 Petit Malfini" Sonnini, in Buffon, Hist. Nat. Gen. et Part., 39, p. 67 

 Santo Domingo (ex Vieillot's MS.). 



Nisus fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller) Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 154, 

 1881 Haiti. 



Acdpiter fringilloides (not of Vigors) Cory, Bds. Haiti and San Domingo, 

 p. 120, col. pi., 1884 Le Coup, Haiti; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 199, 1889 

 part, Haiti and San Domingo; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 

 part, Haiti and San Domingo; idem, Auk, 12, p. 279, 1895 San Domingo; 

 Cherrie, Field Columb. Mus., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 22, 1896 Honduras and 

 Catare (descr. of adult and young); Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1909, p. 357 Miranda. 



Acdpiter striatus striatus Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, p. 120 (in 

 text), 1914 San Domingo (chars.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, 

 p. 399, 1917 Bulla, Dominican Republic; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 289, 1926 (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 492, 

 1928 Haiti; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 361, 1929 La Vega; Moltoni, Atti 

 Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 319, 1929 San Juan, Haiti; Wetmore and 

 Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 108, 1931 Hispaniola (monog.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 Hispaniola; Wetmore and Lincoln, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 73 



Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 82, (25), p. 20, 1933 Hispaniola (La Hotte, Pic 

 de Macaya). 



Accipiter fuscus fringilloides Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 31, 1919 part, 

 Haiti. 



Accipiter fuscus striatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 San Domingo. 

 Range. Island of Hispaniola, Greater Antilles. 

 Field Museum Collection. 4: Hispaniola (Catare, Santo Do- 

 mingo, 1; Honduras, Santo Domingo, 2; Le Coup, Petionville, Haiti, 



1). 



*Accipiter striatus fringilloides Vigors. 1 CUBAN SHARP-SHINNED 

 HAWK. 



Accipiter fringilloides Vigors, Zool. Journ., 3, (11), p. 434, Dec., 1827 

 neighborhood of Havana, Cuba (type in coll. of N. A. Vigors, its present 

 location unknown); Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 255, 

 1860 Cuba (chars.; descr. of adult and young); Gundlach, in Poey, 

 Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 224, 1865 Cuba; idem, Journ. Orn., 

 19, p. 368, 1871 Cuba (habits; descr. of young); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 135 (note), 1874 Cuba; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 199, 1889 

 part, Cuba; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 part, Cuba; Barbour, 

 Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 45, 1923 Cuba (Pico Turquino, near Yara, 

 etc.). 



Nisus fringilloides d'Orbigny, in Sagra, Hist. He Cuba, Orn., p. 18, 1839 

 Cuba (ex Vigors); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 117, 

 1876 Cuba (monog.). 



Astur fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 1, 

 1850 Cuba (descr.). 



Nisus fuscus Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 128, 1850 Cuba; Gundlach, Journ. 

 Orn., 2, 1854, Extraheft, p. Ixxxiii, 1855 Cuba (one adult female). 



Accipiter striatus (not of Vieillot) Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, p. 77, 

 1910 part, Cuba. 



Accipiter striatus fringilloides Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, p. 120, 

 1914 Guantanamo, Guawa, San Diego de los Banos, and Bayamo, Cuba 

 (chars.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 289, 1926 Cuba (monog.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 Cuba. 



Accipiter fuscus fringilloides Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 31, 1919 part, Cuba; 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 Cuba. 



Accipiter velox (not Falco velox Wilson) Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, 

 p. 45, 1923 Sierra de Yateras, Cuba (ex Gundlach). 



1 Accipiter striatus fringilloides Vigors, according to Wetmore, differs from 

 the nominate race by lighter and grayer (deep neutral gray instead of dark to 

 dusty neutral gray) upper parts; mostly white tibial feathers, with merely faint 

 bars of mouse gray; duller, less reddish (rood brown instead of hazel) sides of 

 upper breast; distinctly reddish forehead; and absence of the concealed white 

 spots on the inner tertials. 



However, the two specimens (both immatures) in Field Museum have the 

 white spots on the tertials. 




74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Range. Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. 

 Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Los Palacios, Pinar del Rio, 

 1; unspecified, 1). 



Accipiter stria tus venator Wetmore. 1 PUERTO RICAN SHARP- 

 SHINNED HAWK. 



Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, p. 119, July 10, 

 1914 Cerro Gordo, Maricao, Porto Rico (type in U. S. National Museum) ; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 290, 1926 Puerto Rico (ex Wetmore); 

 Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, 9, p. 320, 1927 

 Puerto Rico; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 western Puerto Rico. 



Accipiter fuscus venator Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 Puerto Rico. 



Range. Island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles. 



*Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Kaup. 2 WHITE-CHESTED 

 ACCIPITER. 



Nisus (seu Accipiter) chionogaster Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, 1851, 

 p. 41, pub. Oct. 28, 1852 Coban, Guatemala (co-types in Derby Collec- 

 tion, now in Liverpool Museum). 



Accipiter erythrocnemis (not Nisus erythronemius Kaup) Sclater and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, p. 218 Guatemala; Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 140 Vera Paz, 

 Guatemala; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 303 part, Guate- 

 mala. 



Accipiter chionogaster Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., 1, p. 27, pi. 14, 1867 

 Guatemala (Lanquin, Choctum, San Geronimo, Coban, and below Duenas) ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 148, 1874 "Caracas" 3 and Guatemala; 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 583, 1887 Trujillo, Honduras; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 50, 1899 Guatemala 

 (Coban, Choctum, Lanquin, San Geronimo, Volcan de Fuego, Medio 

 Monte, Savanna Grande, Sierra de las Minas), Honduras (Trujillo), and 



1 Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore: Nearest to A. s. striatus, but much darker 

 (dusky neutral gray) above; more deeply colored below, with the black shaft 

 stripes to the feathers more strongly defined; thigh more rufescent (hazel barred 

 with white) ; black bars on upper side of tail sharply defined instead of indistinct. 

 Adult male (only known specimen): wing, 145; tail, 116 mm. 



* Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Kaup: Separable from the white-bellied 

 variety of A. e. ventralis ("salvini") by darker (dark mouse-gray to dark neutral 

 gray) upper parts; more purely white under parts with never more than a few 

 criniform streaks on throat and foreneck and much paler (light buff to pinkish 

 buff) tibial feathers; juvenile plumage distinguishable by much paler thighs; 

 much narrower and paler rufescent edges to dorsal plumage; and anterior under 

 parts rarely with more than narrow shaft-streaks of dusky. 



Additional material examined. Guatemala: Choctum, 1; Lanquin, 1; Medio 

 Monte, 1; Savanna Grande, 1; San Geronimo, 1; Volcan de Fuego, 1; Sierra de 

 las Minas, 2. Honduras: San Pedro, 1. Nicaragua: Matagalpa, 2; San Rafael 

 del Norte, 6. 



3 Erroneous entry. The specimen is from Nicaragua and was acquired from 

 Auguste Salle. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 75 



Nicaragua (Matagalpa, San Rafael del Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Coco); 

 Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 near Tecpam, 

 Guatemala; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Guatemala and Nica- 

 ragua; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924 (range); Stone, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 299, 1932 Cantarranas, Honduras; Griscom, 

 Ibis, 1935, p. 810 Sierra de la Minas, Guatemala. 



Nisus chionogasler Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 122, 

 1876 "Trinidad or Venezuela" * and Guatemala (monog.). 



Accipiter salvini (not of Ridgway) Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 328 

 Matagalpa, Nicaragua. 



Accipiter chionogaster chionogaster Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 58, 1921 Guate- 

 mala and Nicaragua; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 317, 1926 (monog.); 

 Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 159, 1932 Finca La Primavera 

 and Monocastenango, Guatemala. 



Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 

 Guatemala and Nicaragua; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 108, 1938 Los Esesmiles and San Jose" de Sarare, 

 El Salvador (habits). 



Range. Tropical zone of Guatemala, Honduras (Trujillo; Can- 

 tarranas; San Pedro); 2 El Salvador and Nicaragua. 3 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Guatemala (Tecpam, Chimaltenan- 

 go, 1); Honduras (Las Flores, Tegucigalpa, 1); Nicaragua (Mata- 

 galpa, Matagalpa, 1; San Rafael del Norte, Matagalpa, 3). 



*Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Sclater. 4 RED-CHESTED AC- 

 CIPITER. 



Accipiter ventralis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 203 Bogota, 

 Colombia (type in the Norwich Museum); Sclater and Salvin, Exot. 

 Orn., p. 25, pi. 13, 1867 Bogota; iidem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 

 pp. 782, 788 Merida, Venezuela (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 



1 This specimen in the Salvin-Godman Collection was labelled as having 

 been purchased of A. Boucard, on Aug. 22, 1873. It is a Guatemalan (Vera Paz) 

 trade skin. 



2 An adult female obtained by H. Wittkugel on June 14, 1890, in the Bruns- 

 wick Museum examined. 



J No representative of this Hawk is found in either Costa Rica or Panama. 



4 Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Sclater, unlike its two relatives, which are 

 remarkably uniform in both adult and juvenile plumage, exhibits an extraordinary 

 amount of individual variation, which gave rise to the separation of several 

 "species" and "races." While it is now pretty well established that A. nigro- 

 plumbeus is nothing but a melanistic mutation of the adult male, we are able to 

 show that A. salvini is merely the lightest "extreme" in the long chain of variations 

 leading to the rufous-bellied "phase" described as A. ventralis. This is conclusively 

 demonstrated by a series of nearly twenty specimens from the Merida region of 

 Venezuela in the British Museum, when compared with twenty-five from the 

 Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes in the same collection. 



Considering adult birds first, it may be said that a male from Valle (May 20) 

 typically represents what has passed under the name A. salvini. It is nearly 




76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



1, p. 149, 1874 Colombia (Bogota, Concordia) and Peru (Cosnipata); 



Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1879, pp. 541, 637 Colombia 



(Retiro, Concordia, Medellin, Remedies) and Bolivia (Tilotilo, Yungas); 



Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 605, 1902 Ibarra, Ecuador; Berlepsch and 



Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 124, 1906 Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru; 



Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 242, 1917 San Antonio, 



Barro Blanco, Andalucia, and Fomeque, Colombia; Stresemann, Journ. 



Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924 western Colombia to northwestern Bolivia; 



Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 224, 1926 Bucay, Naranjo, 



and Anito, Ecuador (crit.). 

 ?Nteus striatus (not Accipiter striatus Vieillot) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., 



Ois., p. 88, 1835 Yuaracares, Bolivia (cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, 



p. 180, 1921). 

 Accipiter erythrocnemius (not Nisiis erythronemius Kaup) Sclater, Proc. Zool. 



Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 Bogota; idem, I.e., 28, p. 96, 1860 Nanegal, 



Ecuador. 

 Accipiter sp. Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 629, 632 



Venezuela. 

 Accipiter nigroplumbeus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 270, 



1869 Quito Valley, Ecuador (type in Vassar College Museum, Pough- 



keepsie, N. Y., now in the American Museum of Natural History, New 



York; cf. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 224, 1926); Orton, 



Amer. Natur., 4, p. 711, 1871 Valley of Quito; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 325 



(crit.; note on type). 



uniform white beneath with just a few criniform streaks of dusky on sides of breast. 

 Next comes Ridgway's type (of salvini), an adult female, with distinct, dusky 

 shaft-streaks on the under parts from throat to upper abdomen and strong blackish 

 brown striations on axillaries and under wing coverts. Then follow two males 

 from Valle (March 26; June 7), with the markings reduced to short streaks on 

 throat and breast, but with a pinkish buff tinge and some zig-zag cross-bands of 

 dusky on sides of chest (thus closely resembling erythronemius). A female from 

 Escorial (October 15) has the throat (especially laterally) and sides of breast 

 strongly washed with pinkish cinnamon, the breast showing a number of broad, 

 mouse gray cross bars. Next comes a male from Escorial (December 14), having 

 the chest washed with dull grayish and buffy, the breast and sides banded with 

 dusky and tinged with pinkish buff, passing into orange-cinnamon on the sides. 

 This bird is inseparable from an Ecuadorian male (Monji). A female from Paramo 

 de Conejps (June 18) is still darker, the under surface being dingy pinkish buff 

 barred with grayish and white, with the sides pinkish cinnamon, and cannot be 

 distinguished from one of the Bogotd skins. A male from Merida (Goering coll.) 

 has an even more pinkish buff chest underlaid and barred with gray, and the sides 

 orange cinnamon, and is exactly like a male from Intag, Ecuador. At the end 

 of the series stands a female from Montanas de la Sierra (Aug. 11) with light drab 

 breast, nearly mikado brown flanks and tibial feathers, and only obsolete grayish 

 bars on abdomen. It is an average example of ventralis, as found in Colombia. 

 The ground color of axillars and under wing coverts varies in accordance with the 

 coloring of the ventral surface from white to light pinkish cinnamon. The juvenile 

 plumage likewise shows every gradation from a (creamy) white-bellied longitudi- 

 nally-streaked stage (salvini) to the ventralis type, having the under parts profusely 

 and boldly spotted and barred with rufescent brown and dark gray. Among nine 

 adults from the Bogotd region, two are not distinguishable from the type of 

 A. salvini, another cannot be told from Goering's Merida bird and the remaining 

 ones represent various stages of "ventralis." An adult female from Remedies is 

 just as decidedly "salvini" as one from Medellin is "ventralis." Of five Ecuadorian 

 adults, a male from Lita is "salvini," being inseparable from one of the Valle 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 77 



Nisus nigroplumbeus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 122, 

 1876 (ex Lawrence). 



Nisus ventralis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 120, 1876 

 Venezuela (Merida), Colombia and Ecuador (monog.). 



Nisus salvini Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 121, 

 April 1, 1876 Merida, Venezuela (type in Salvin-Godman Coll., now in 

 British Museum, examined). 



Accipiter erythrocnemis Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 241 

 Shanyn, Peru; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 211 Cutervo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 

 1, p. 163, 1884 Peru (Shanyn, Tambillo, Cutervo); Lonnberg and Ren- 

 dahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 35, 1922 Pomasqui, above Nono, Mojanda 

 and Niebli, Ecuador. 



Accipiter salvini Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Venezuela (chars.; 

 crit.); idem, Auk, 38, p. 358, 1921 Escorial, Montanas "Conefos" 

 (=Conejos), "Blechitera" (=Hechisera), and Valle, Merida; Todd and 

 Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 148, 1922 Cincinnati and Cerro 

 de Caracas, Santa Marta, Colombia; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436, 

 1924 Santa Marta and Andes of Merida. 



Accipiter ventralis ventralis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Venezuela 

 to Colombia; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 58, 1921 Venezuela and Colombia to 

 northwestern Bolivia; idem, Auk, 38, p. 358, 1921 Valle and El Escorial, 

 Merida (crit.); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 34, 1922 

 Piganta (near Mojanda) and near Carapungo, Ecuador (crit.); Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 319, 1926 (monog.). 



birds (June 7); one from Monje is practically like Goering's specimen from Merida; 

 the others are of the "ventralis" type, one being even darker (russet) underneath 

 than any other example we have seen. 



An adult female from southern Peru (Ccachupata) and three adults from 

 Bolivia are of the average "ventralis" coloration and can be matched by various 

 Bogota skins. 



Turning now to the other extremity of the range, we find that six out of seven 

 birds from the Caracas region of Venezuela are typically "salvini," while one, in 

 juvenile dress, is a very characteristic "ventralis." It results from the preceding 

 that there is no stable difference in coloration between the populations of Vene- 

 zuela, Colombia and Ecuador, "salvini" and "ventralis" together, with an unbroken 

 chain of intermediates, being found alongside each other throughout that range. 

 However it cannot be denied that the various types of coloring do not occur every- 

 where in the same proportion. The "salvini" type predominates in the Venezuelan 

 north coast mountains; constitutes about half of the population in the Merida 

 region; is not infrequent in the east Colombian Andes; and springs up occasionally 

 in the more westerly parts of Colombia and in western Ecuador. It has not yet 

 been recorded from either Peru or Bolivia. On the other hand, the mutation with 

 mostly dark gray under parts (nigroplumbeus) is only known from the Cauca 

 Valley of Colombia and Ecuador. To provide these populations with different 

 names would serve no practical purpose, since a large number of individuals could 

 be identified only through the localities on their labels. 



Additional material examined. Venezuela: Caracas region: Caracas, 3, 

 Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 3, Silla de Caracas, 1; Merida region: Merida, 3, Valle, 9, 

 Escorial, 4, Carbonera, 1, Paramo Conejos, 1, Montanas de la Sierra, 1, Nevados, 

 1. Colombia: Anolaima, 2, Bogota, 11, Remedies, 1, Medellin, 1, Retire, Con- 

 cordia, 2. Ecuador: Lita (Prov. Imbabura), 1, Intaq, 2, Monji, 2, Quito Valley, 3, 

 near Piganta, west side of Mt. Mojanda, 1, Balya, 1, unspecified (A. nigroplumbeus), 

 1. Peru: Ccachupata (alt. 11,000 ft.), Dept. Cuzco, 1, Marcapata, 1. Bolivia: 

 Tilotilo, 1, Sandillani, 1, Chulumani, 1. 




78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Accipiter ventralis nigroplumbeus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919 

 Ecuador and Peru; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 59, 1921 (range); Lonnberg and 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 34, 1922 Pichincha, western side of 

 Mojanda, near Gualea, and Carapungo, Ecuador (crit.); Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 320, 1926 Ecuador and Peru. 



Accipiter ethronemius (sic) salvini Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 58, 1921 Venezuela. 



Accipiter chionogaster venezuelensis Swann, 1 Syn. Accip., p. 58, Sept. 28, 

 1921 Escorial, Merida, Venezuela (type in coll. of H. Kirke Swann, now 

 in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 188, 1930); idem, Auk, 38, No. 3, "July," 

 p. 358, pub. Oct. 5, 1921 Escorial; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 318, 

 1926 Escorial. 



Accipiter erythronemius salvini Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 316, 1926 

 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 224, 1926 western 

 Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 (range). 



Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 (range); 

 Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., p. 245, 1938 Chinchao, 

 Huanuco, Peru; Peters and Griswold, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 92, p. 291, 

 1943 (chars.). 



Range. Western Venezuela (north coast mountains [Sucre] to 

 the Sierra of Merida) and the Andes from Colombia (including Santa 

 Marta Mountains) through Ecuador and Peru to western Bolivia 

 (Cochabamba). 



Field Museum Collection. 36: Venezuela (Mount Turumiquire, 

 Sucre, 1); Colombia (Paramo de Tama, Santander, 1; El Tambo, 

 Munchique, Cauca, 16; Coconuco, Cauca, 2; unspecified, 1); Ecuador 

 (Cerro Tanlagua, Pichincha, 2; Volcan Pichincha, 1; Rio Nambillo, 

 Pichincha, 1; Quinchicoto, Tungaragua, 1; Verde Cocha, Occidente, 

 1; Banos Azuay, 1; San Martin, Azuay, 1; Huaico, Loja, 1; Loja 

 Valley, 1; Casanga, Napo-Pastaza, 1); Peru (Chinchao, Huanuco, 1; 

 Alto Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin, 2) ; Bolivia (Yungas El Palmar, 

 Cochabamba, 1). 



*Accipiter erythronemius erythronemius Kaup. RED-THIGHED 

 ACCIPITER. 



Nisus vel Acc(ipiter) erythronemius (G. R. Gray MS.) 2 Kaup, Contr. Orn., 

 3, p. 64, 1850 "Bolivia" (type 3 in, British Museum examined). 



1 Based on an individual mutant of the Merida bird with unusually pale 

 tibial feathers. Aside from that, the specimen is a normal "salvini." 



4 Accipiter erythronemia G. R. Gray (List Spec. Brit. Mus., 1, Accipitres, p. 70, 

 1848) and Accipiter erythronemus "Gray" Kaup (Isis, 1847, col. 954) are nomina 

 nuda. 



3 The type is of uncertain origin. It was entered by Gray (1848, p. 70) as 

 "spec, a, Chile? male Bridges," while Sharpe (Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 148) 

 lists it as "spec. a. male ad. st. Brazil(?), Purchased," and in a footnote at bottom 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 79 



Falco nisus (not of Linnaeus) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. Ill, 1830 

 Camamu, Bahia. 



Nisus striatus (not Accipiter striatus Vieillot) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. 

 Bras., 2, (1), p. 71, 1856 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, and Nova Friburgo, 

 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 41 Cosquin, 

 Cordoba. 



Accipiter erythrocnemis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 303 part, 

 Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 33, pi. 17, 1867 Brazil (Bahia, 

 Lagoa Santa, Nova Friburgo); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 286, 1873 

 Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 135 banks of the Rio 

 Gato (northwest of Gualeguaychu), Entre Rios; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 147, 1874 Brazil and Bolivia; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. 

 Ges. Orn., 2, p. 170, 1885 Taquara and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do 

 Sul; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 30, 1897 Bolivia 

 (Caiza) and Salta (Tala); Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, 

 p. 139, 1899 Munda Novo and Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 350, 1899 Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, 

 p. 162, 1900 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. 

 Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. 

 Cienc. Soc., 3, (13), p. 62, 1905 Rio Sali; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. 

 Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Tucuman (Tapia, Rio Sali) and Salta (Valle del 

 Lerma); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, pp. 242, 414, 1910 

 (range in Argentina); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 300, 1914 (range in 

 Argentina); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Paraguay; Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Brazil to Bolivia; Mnegaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 

 1925, p. 279 Santiago del Estero (Icano, La Palisa), Parana (Fazenda 

 Concordia); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 122, 1926. 



Nisus erythrocnemius Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 Rio de Janeiro 

 (Cantagallo) ; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 Cachoeira and 

 Campo de Jordao, Sao Paulo; Chrostowski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. 

 Varsovie, 5, pp. 468, 494, 1913 Vera Guarany, Parana. 



Nisus erythrocnemis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 118, 

 1876 (monog.). 



Accipiter ventralis (not of Sclater) Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 229, 1904 Tapia, Tucu- 

 man (spec, examined); Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 

 1905 (ex Baer). 



Accipiter erythronemius Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 57, 1921 Brazil to Bolivia 

 and Argentina; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 181, 1921 (range); Giacomelli, 

 El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 Saladillo, La Rioja; Stresemann, Journ. 

 Orn., 72, p. 43, 1924 (range); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, 

 p. 115, 1926 Rio Negro, Uruguay; Pereyra, El Hornero, 6, p. 438, 1937 

 Partido de Loberia, Estacion Nutrias del F. C. S., Buenos Aires. 



of page states "said to have been from Jamaica, collected by Gosse, but the 

 register probably erroneous." Owing to the loss of the original Register number, 

 its history cannot be traced back to the source, though it should be mentioned 

 that no hawk is inscribed on the books among the birds secured by Thomas 

 Bridges in Bolivia (46.9.9.1-271). The specimen agrees perfectly with Kaup's 

 description and the figure of the adult in "Exotic Ornithology, pi. 17." 




80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Accipiter erythronemius erythronemius Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 315, 

 1926 (monog.); Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 203, 1928 Rio de 

 Janeiro (Morro dos Carneiros; Serra Itatiaya); Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 222, 1931 (range); Laubmann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 289, 1934 

 Estancia La Geraldina, Santa Fe; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. 

 La Plata, 1, p. 407, 1936 Salta (Puerto Diaz, Oran) and Tucuman (Rio 

 Sali); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 68, 1937 Bahia (Bomfim), Sao 

 Paulo (Cachoeira; Campos do Jordao; Serra da Cantareira), Parana 

 (Castro), and Matto Grosso (Campo Grande). 



Accipiter erythrocnemius Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., 

 Vogel, p. 101, 1930 Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia. 



Range. Southern half of Brazil, from Bahia (Villa Nova da 

 Reinha, Lamarao, Camamu, Caravellas) south to Rio Grande do 

 Sul, west to Matto Grosso (Campo Grande) ; eastern Bolivia (Depts. 

 of Santa Cruz and Tarija); Paraguayan Chaco; Uruguay (Rio 

 Negro) ; and northern Argentina, from the Bolivian boundary south 

 to Cordoba (Cosquin), Santa Fe (Est. La Geraldina), and Entre 

 Rios (Rio Gato, Gualeguaychu) ; occasional even in Buenos Aires 

 (one record from Partido de Loberia, F.C.S.). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 10: Brazil (Fazenda Morungaba, 

 Parana, 1); Paraguay, Chaco (180-265 km. west of Puerto Casado, 

 2); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 6; El Carrizal, Sierra de 

 Cordoba, 1). 



Genus HETEROSPIZIAS Sharpe 



Heterospizias Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, pp. 158, 160, 1874 type, by 

 monotypy, Falco meridionalis Latham. 



*Heterospizias meridionalis (Latham). SAVANNA HAWK. 



Falco meridionalis Latham, 2 Ind. Orn., 1, p. 36, 1790 based on "Rufous- 

 headed Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 33, Cayenne. 



Circus rufulus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 4, p. 466, 1816 

 based on "Gavilan de Estero acanelado" Azara, No. 11, Paraguay (not 

 farther south than 29 S. Lat.). 



Falco rutilans Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 5, pi. 25, Sept., 1820 

 Brazil and Guiana (type in Paris Museum); Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. 



1 Ten specimens from Tucuman and three from Bolivia do not seem to differ 

 appreciably from Brazilian skins. 



Additional material examined. Bolivia: Santa Cruz, 1; Villa Montes, Tarija, 

 2. Argentina: Tapia, Tucuman, 2; Rio Sali, Tucuman, 2. Brazil: Bahia, 1; 

 Caravellas, Bahia, 3; Lamarao, Bahia, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1; Victoria, Sao Paulo, 1; 

 Roca Nova, Serra do Mar, Parana, 2; Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, 1; unspecified, 

 2. 



2 Latham's description is none too good, as has been remarked by various 

 authors. 






1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 81 



Berliner Mus., p. 60, 1823 Brazil; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), 

 p. 218, 1830 Rio Parahyba (Sao Bento, Rio Barganza, Lagoa Feia) and 

 Bahia, Brazil. 



Aquila buson "Latham" Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1824 "ad flumen 

 Amazonum," Brazil (type lost; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. 

 Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906). 



Buteo rutilans d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me>id., Ois., p. 104, 1836; Lafresnaye 

 and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 6, 1837 Corrientes, 

 Buenos Aires, and Bolivia (Chiquitos, Moxos). 



Hypomorphnus rutilans Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 264, 1844 Peru; 

 idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 84, 1846 "wood-and-ceja" region of 

 Peru; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 740, 

 1849 savannas of British Guiana. 



Asturina rutilans Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 80, 1855 Bahia; 

 idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 Tucuman; idem, Reise La Plata St., 



2, p. 436, 1861 Tucuman; Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874 

 Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 



3, p. 316, 1889 Rio Chico, Chubut. 



Buteogallus meridionalis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 288, 1860 

 Babahoyo, Ecuador. 



Buteo meridionalis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 17, 1862 Surinam 

 and Brazil. 



Urubitinga meridionalis Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 138, 180, 

 1862 Bogota and Brazil (Sapitiba, Ypanema) (soft parts); Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 Mexiana, Brazil; Pelzeln, 

 Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1868 Rio de Janeiro (Sapitiba), Sao Paulo (Sao 

 Paulo, Ypanema, Jaguaraiba, Itarare", Rio Parana), Matto Grosso 

 (Cuyaba), and Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, pp. 252, 634 Venezuela (Plain of Valencia) and 

 Buenos Aires (Conchitas); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 

 1870, p. 71 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 

 Aguachica, Magdalena, Colombia; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 Rio Gato, 

 near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1879, p. 241 Guajango, Peru; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, p. 206 

 Santa Marta, Colombia; Salvin, Ibis, 1880, p. 362 Salta, Argentina. 



Heterospizias meridionalis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 160, 1874 

 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 136, 

 1876 New Granada, Para, and Corrientes (monog.); Taczanowski, Orn. 

 Pe>., 3, p. 110, 1884 Peru (Lambedero, Guajango); Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 109, 

 1884 Conception del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74 

 British Guiana; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 63, 1889 Argentina 

 (habits); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; Riker and Chap- 

 man, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 Santare'm, Brazil; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143 

 lower Pilcomayo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 145, 1893 Chapada, 

 Matto Grosso (plumages); Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, 

 p. 20, 1895 Carayao and Puerto Pagani, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, 

 No. 292, p. 29, 1897 Caiza, Bolivia, and Tala, Salta; Ihering, Ann. Est. 

 Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do 




82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 351, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, 

 p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 87, 1900 Santa Fe, Veraguas; Salvador! and 

 Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 29, 1900 Vinces, Ecuador; 

 Salvadori, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 13, 1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Lillo, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Rio Salf and Rio Tala, 

 Tucuman; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 113, 1902 Altagracia, 

 Caicara, and Quiribana de Caicara, Orinoco, Venezuela; Lonnberg, Ibis, 

 1903, p. 465 Tatarenda, Tarija, Bolivia; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 

 26, p. 20, 1907 Mexiana Island, Brazil (habits); Ihering, Cat. Faun. 

 Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 Ypiranga, Sao Paulo, and Fazenda da Faya, Matto 

 Grosso; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 292, 1908 Cayenne; Beebe, Zoo- 

 logica (N.Y.), 1, p. 80, 1909 Guanoco, Orinoco Delta; Hartert and 

 Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Mocovi, Chaco, and Los Vasquez, 

 Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243, 1910 

 (range in Argentina); Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 72 Sapucay, Paraguay; 

 Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 

 Bahia (near Sambaiba, Rio Sao Francisco) and Piauhy (Lagoa do Saco 

 and Santo Antonio de Gilbues); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. 

 Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, (2), p. 121, 1912 Mexiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. 

 Goeldi, 8, p. 29, 1914 Rio Xingu (Victoria), Marajo (Pacoval, Rio 

 Arary, Sao Natal), and Mexiana, Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 

 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, 

 p. 62, 1915 Rio Salf and Rio Tala, Tucuman; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. 

 Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 610, 1915 Rio Chico, Chubut 

 (ex Burmeister); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 343, 1916 

 savanna region of the Orinoco; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 229, 

 1916 upper Takutu Mountains; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 444, 1918 

 Perico, Peru; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 40, 1919 (range); Arribalzaga, 

 El Hornero, 2, p. 92, 1920 Chaco; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 

 1922-23, p. 629, 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires; M6n6gaux, Rev. Franc. 

 d'Orn., 1925, p. 279 Laguna Mamaita, near Icano, Santiago del Estero; 

 Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 7 coastland of British Guiana (habits); Berlioz, 

 Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 230, 1932 Isle Silva and La Palma, 

 Rio Babahoyo, Ecuador; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 313, 

 1932 Perm6, Darien, Panama; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., 

 Bogota, 4, p. 398, pi. 6, fig. 34, 1941 Colombia. 



Heterospizias meridionalis australis Swann, Auk, 38, No. 3, p. 359, Oct. 5, 

 1921 Laguna de "Malima" [=Malvinas], Tucuman, Argentina (type in 

 coll. of H. K. Swann, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 

 Mass.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 67, 1921 Argentina; idem, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 344, 1926 Argentina (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 133, p. 114, 1926 Riacho Pilaga (Formosa), Buenos Aires, and 

 Corrientes (crit.); Smyth, El Hornero, 4, p. 14, 1927 Manchala, Tucu- 

 man (egg descr.); Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, 

 p. 102, 1930 Mission Tacaagte, Formosa; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 226, 

 1931 (range); Laubmann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 291, 1934 Est. 

 La Geraldina, Santa Fe~ (crit.). 



Heterospizias meridionalis meridionalis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 66, 1921 

 Panama to Paraguay; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 83 



p. 161, 1922 Mamatoco, Bonda, and Fundaci6n, Colombia; Wetmore, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 113, 1926 west of Puerto Pinasco, Para- 

 guay; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 342, pi. [17], 1926 (monog.); Chap- 

 man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 225, 1926 Puna Island, Alamor, 

 and Guainche', Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 

 12, p. 459, 1929 Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, 

 p. 106, 1930 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco 

 Exp., Vogel, p. 101, 1930 La Crecencia, Santa Cruz, and Villa Montes, 

 Tarija, Bolivia (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 226, 1931 (range); 

 Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 366, 1931 Rio Frio, Magda- 

 lena, Colombia; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 590 Trinidad (nest 

 and eggs); Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89, 1934 Piarco Savannah, 

 Trinidad; Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 371, 

 1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 78, p. 298, 1935 Pacific slope of ChiriquI and Veraguas; Pinto, Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., 20, p. 51, 1936 Fazenda Formiga, Rio das Almas, Goyaz; 

 Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 50, 1945 

 Bresta, El Beni, Bolivia (disc.). 



Heterospizias meridionalis rufulus Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. 

 La Plata, 1, p. 409, 1936 Salta (Rosario), Tucuman (Barranca Colorado), 

 and Napalpi (Chaco) (crit.). 



Range. Western Panama (Pacific slope of Chiriqui and Vera- 

 guas) 1 south to western Ecuador, and through Colombia and Vene- 

 zuela to the Island of Trinidad and southward through the Guianas, 

 eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and Brazil to Rio Grande do Sul, 

 Paraguay, and northern Argentina as far south as Tucuman, Cor- 

 doba, Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires (one record, by C. Burmeister, 

 from the Rio Chico, Chubut). 2 



1 The records from Mexico by Swainson (Phil. Mag., n.s., 1, p. 366, 1827, 

 s.n. Circus rutilans) and from Costa Rica by Zeled6n (Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa 

 Rica, 1, p. 126, 1887) have never been confirmed. 



2 Subdivision of the Savanna Hawk appears to be impracticable. The color 

 differences given by Swann do not exist at all, paler and darker birds being found 

 alike in the northern and southern parts of the range. All that can be said is that 

 there is a gradual increase in size, as one advances in a southerly direction, but 

 the variation is rather erratic, and unless a much larger series of properly sexed 

 specimens than are at present available in any museum supply more satisfactory 

 evidence, we do not see any practical advantage in maintaining a southern form 

 (rufulus or australis). An adult female from Maturin, Venezuela, has a wing of 

 428 mm., and one from Maraj6, northern Brazil, one of 425 mm., while adult 

 females from Tucuman have wings from 425 to 450 mm. Steullet and Deautier 

 give the wing of an adult male from Napalpf, Chaco, as 407 mm., and Laubmann 

 that of one from Zanja Morotf, Apa hills, northern Paraguay, as 400 mm., thus 

 agreeing with others from the north. Four adult males from Bolivia all measure 

 under 400 mm., while three supposed adult females vary from 403 to 432 mm. 

 Two adult females from Sao Paulo (wings, 450 mm.) are among the largest we 

 have seen. Wetmore, however, records 412 mm. for a female from west of Puerto 

 Pinasco, Paraguay, which should pertain to australis, but is smaller than those 

 from Maturin, Venezuela, and Maraj6, northern Brazil. 



Twenty-six additional adult birds, including three from Agua Dulce, Panama, 

 were examined. 




84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 67: Panama (unspecified, 1); Colombia 

 (Santander, Valle, 1; Maicao, Guajira, 2; Villavicencio, Meta, 3); 

 Ecuador (Malacatos, Loja, 2; Cerro Cayambe, Oriente, 1); Vene- 

 zuela (Maracay, Aragua, 2) ; British Guiana (Georgetown, 1 ; Buxton, 

 5); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 3; Canutama, Rio Purus, 3; 

 Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 3; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1; Boca 

 Ituqui, Para, 2; Obidos, Para, 2; Quixada, Ceara, 1; Sao Marcello, 

 Bahia, 1; Descalvados Ranch, Matto Grosso, 1; Chapada, Matto 

 Grosso, 2; Vaccaria, Matto Grosso, 1); Bolivia (Cercado, Santa 

 Cruz, 4; Nueva Moka, 2; San Carlos, 3; Buena Vista, 4); Paraguay 

 (83 km. west of Puerto Casado, 3; Puerto Casado, 3; Horqueta, 3); 

 Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 7). 



Subfamily BUTEONINAE. Buzzards and Eagles 

 Genus BUTEO Lace"pede 



Buteo LacSpede, Tabl. Meth. Ois., p. 4, 1799 type, by tautonymy, "Buteo"= 



Falco buteo Linnaeus. 

 Asturina Vieillot, 1 Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., pp. 24, 68, April, 1816 type 



by orig. desig., "Asturia" (sic) cinerea Vieillot =Falco nitidus Latham. 

 Triorchis Kaup, Skizz. Entw. Gesch. Europ. Thierw., p. 84, 1829 type, 



by monotypy (p. 83), Falco lagopus Gmelin=.FaJco lagopus Pontoppidan. 

 Archibuteo Brehm, 2 Handl. Naturg. Deuts., p. 38, 1831 type, by virtual 



monotypy, Archibuteo planiceps Brehm and Archibuteo alticep Brehm, 



both = Falco lagopus Brunnich. 

 Craxirex Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, Part 6, p. 22, Jan., 1839 



type, by monotypy, Polyborus galapagoensis Gould. 

 Rupornis Kaup, 3 Classif. Saug. Vb'gel, p. 120, 1844 type, by monotypy, 



Falco magnirostris Gmelin. 

 Geranoaetus Kaup, 4 Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 122, 1844 type, by monotypy, 



Falco aguja Temmmck=Spizaetus fuscescens Vieillot. 

 Tachytriorchis Kaup, Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 123, 1844 type, by monotypy, 



Falco pteroclea (sic) Temminck=.Bttteo albicaudatus. 

 Rypornis Sundevall, Ofv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 31, No. 2, p. 25, 1874 



substitute for Rupornis Kaup. 

 Dromolestes Sundevall, Ofv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 31, No. 2, p. 27, 1874 



substitute for Craxirex Gould. 



Heteroaetus Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 261, 1845 new name for Geranoaetus 

 Kaup. 



1 Cf. A. J. van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 429, 1934. 

 1 Archibuteo Brehm (Isis, 1828, col. 1269) is a nomen nudum. 

 * Cf. Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 228 (notes), 1931. 

 4 Cf. Wetmore, Auk, 50, p. 212, 1933. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 85 



Heteraetus Kaup, Arch. Naturg., 16, (1), p. 39, 1850 type, by monotypy, 

 Falco aguia Temminck. 



Poecilopternis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 329 type, by subs, desig. (Sharpe, Cat. 

 Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 164, 1874), Falco latissimus Bonaparte=Spam'us 

 platypterus Vieillot. 



Buleola (Du Bus MS.) Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 41, 

 No. 17, p. 651 (for Oct. 22), 1855 type, by orig. desig., Buteo brachyurus 

 Vieillot. 



Potamolegus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 158, Jan., 1901 type, 

 by subs, desig. (Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 228, 1931), Potamolegus super- 

 ciliaris magniplumis Bertoni. 



Percnohierax Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, No. 4, p. 2, Dec. 6, 1920 

 type, by orig. desig., Falco leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard. 



Coryornis Ridgway, Auk, 42, p. 585, Oct. 6, 1925 type, by orig. desig., 

 Rupornis Ridgwayi Cory. 



*Buteo polyosoma polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard). RED- 

 BACKED BUZZARD. 



Falco polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard, in Freycinet, Voyage "Uranie et Phy- 

 sicienne," Zool., livr. 3, p. 92, pi. 14, Aug., 1824 Falkland Islands (descr. 

 of melanistic variety; type in Paris Museum). 



Haliaetus erythronotus King, Zool. Journ., 3, No. 11, p. 424, Sept.-Dec., 

 1827 Straits of Magellan (descr. of normal adult female; location of 

 type unknown). 



Buteo poliosoma Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, (2), livr. 14, p. 616, 1830 

 Falkland Islands; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 384 (footnote), 

 1860 Falkland Islands; idem, Ibis, 1860, p. 25, pi. 7, fig. 3 (egg) 

 Falkland Islands (egg descr.); Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 151 Falkland Islands 

 (nest and eggs); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 45 Falkland 

 Islands; Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 Santiago, Chile; 

 Reed, I.e., 93, p. 205, 1896 Chile; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. 

 Univ. Exped. Patag., Orn., 2, (1), p. 631, 1915 Patagonia; Bennett, 

 Ibis, 1926, p. 330 Falkland Islands; Marelli, El Hornero, 5, p. 194, 

 1933 Fortin Chaco and Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires. 



Aquila braccata Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 16, 

 Suppl. 1, p. 65, pi. 18, 1834 "Desierta de Copiapo," Atacama, Chile 

 (descr. of normal adult male; type in Berlin Museum). 



Buteo tricolor d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. M6rid., Ois., p. 106, pi. 3, 1836 Pata- 

 gonia (Rio Negro), Chile (Santiago) and Bolivia (La Paz) (type from 

 Rio Negro, Patagonia, in Paris Museum examined); Lafresnaye and 

 d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 6, 1837 Patagonia 

 and Bolivia (descr. of both sexes in normal phase); Tschudi, Unters. Faun. 

 Peru., Orn., p. 90, 1846 Peru (descr. male and female); Burmeister, 

 Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 western and northern Argentina; idem, 

 Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 436, 1861 Mendoza and Tucuman; Doering, 

 Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874 Barrancas, Rio Guayquiraro, Cor- 

 rientes; Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 315, 1889 




86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Rio Chico, Chubut; Hellmayr, Nov. ZooL, 28, p. 186, 1921 Patagonia 

 (crit. note on type). 



Buteo unicolor d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 109, 1836 near Palca, 

 Ayupaya, Bolivia (descr. of melanistic young; type in Paris Museum 

 examined); Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. ZooL, 7, 

 cl. 2, p. 7, 1837 Ayupaya, Bolivia; Gurney, Ibis, 1876, pp. 69, 242 (crit.); 

 Hellmayr, Nov. ZooL, 28, p. 186, 1921 (crit. on type). 



Buteo varius Gould, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 5, p. 10, Oct. 3, 1837 "Santa 

 Cruz," (errore), Patagonia (descr. of normal juvenile plumage; type now 

 in Norwich Museum (cf. Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 69); Gould, in Darwin, 

 ZooL Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 26, 1839 Straits of Magellan and Port San 

 Julian in southern Patagonia; Cassin, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, pp. 92, 429, 

 pi. 3, fig. 1, 1858 Rio Negro and Orange Bay (Hoste Island); Gould, 

 Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 27, p. 94, 1859 Falkland Islands; Sclater, I.e., 

 28, p. 384, 1860 Falkland Islands; Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 69, 

 (note 5), 1884. 



Buteo erythronotus Darwin, ZooL Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 26, 1839 Chiloe, Chile 

 and Falkland Islands; Frazer, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 1843 

 Chile; Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, ZooL, 1, p. 215, 1847 

 Chile (Conception); Bibra, Denks. Math. Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. 

 Wien, 5, (2), p. 128, 1853 Cordillera (of Santiago), Chile; Boeck, Nau- 

 mannia, 1855, p. 497 Valdivia, Chile; Cassin, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 175, 

 1855 Chile; Jardine, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., n. s., 2, p. 117, 1855 

 elevated tableland of the eastern Cordillera, Ecuador (crit.); Gould, 

 Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 27, p. 93, 1859 Falkland Islands (egg); Sclater, 

 I.e., 28, p. 384, 1860 Falkland Islands; Germain, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 7, p. 309, 1860 Santiago, Chile (nesting habits); Abbott, Ibis, 1861, 

 p. 151 Falkland Islands; Sclater, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 45 

 Falkland Islands; Pelzeln, Verh. ZooL Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 143, 1862 

 Chile (crit.); Sclater, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile; 

 Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 988 Arequipa, Peru; Philippi, Anal. 

 Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 Chile; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1868, 

 p. 188 Sandy Point, Magellan Straits; iidem, I.e., 1869, p. 284 Fox 

 Bay, West Falkland Island; iidem, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 155 

 Tinta, Peru; Durnford, Ibis, 1870, p. 397 Chubut Valley; Sclater, Proc. 

 ZooL Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 549 Rio Negro, Patagonia; Sclater and Salvin, 

 I.e., 1874, p. 678 Paucartambo, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 172, 1874 part, spec, a-m, s, t, Falklands and Magallania; Allen, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 3, p. 355, 1876 Moho, Lake Titicaca, Peru; 

 Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 38 Chubut Valley and Punta Ninfas, Chubut; 

 Gibson, I.e., 1879, p. 411 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Salvin, I.e., 

 1880, p. 362 Salta; Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, ZooL, 

 p. 50, 1881 between Azul and Carhue, Buenos Aires and near the Rio 

 Colorado; Salvin, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 426 Coquimbo, Chile; 

 Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 109, 1884 between Carhue and Azul, Buenos Aires; 

 Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 3, p. 115, 1884 Peru (Pacasmayo, Guadalupe, 

 Tumbez, etc.); Philippi, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 Cebollar, Antofagasta, 

 Chile; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; 

 Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 62, 1889 Argentina (habits); 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 87 



Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 135 part, Canchosa, Tarapacd, 

 Chile; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Sierra Arenas, Straits of 

 Magellan; Lataste, Act. Soc. Sci. Chile, 5, p. Ix, 1895 Llohue (Itata), 

 Maule; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 285, 1895 Chilecito, La 

 Rioja; Holland, Ibis, 1895, p. 216 Santa Elena, Entre Rios, Salta (habits); 

 Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 205, 1896 cordilleras of central provinces 

 of Chile; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 28, 1897 

 Tala; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 179 part, Cancosa, Tarapaca, Chile; Schalow, 

 Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 4, p. 695, 1898 Pampa Tamarugal, Iquique, Tara- 

 paca, Chile; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, 

 p. 30, 1900 La Concepci6n (Nota) and Santa Elena, Ecuador; Salvadori, 

 Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 614, 1900 Rio Pescado, 

 Magellan Straits and Santa Cruz; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 255, 

 1901 Chile (crit.); idem, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, p. 648, 1902 Chile 

 (crit.); idem, Ornis, 71, p. 442, 1902 Chile (crit.); Berlepsch and Stolz- 

 mann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 Ingapirca and Maraynioc, 

 Junfn, Peru; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902 

 Rio Sali, Tucuman; Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 13, 1902 

 Chile (crit.); Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 447 Moreno, Puna of Jujuy; 

 Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Rio Sali, Tucuman; 

 Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, pp. 124, 130, 1906 Huaynapata 

 and Puno, southeastern Peru; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 12, 

 1907 San Sebastian, Sara and Rio McClelland; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. 

 Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 244, 1910 (range in Argentina); Scott and 

 Sharpe, Rep. Univ. Princet. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 634, 1915 Rio 

 Chico, Arroyo Eke, Coy Inlet and Punta Arenas; Reed, Av. Prov. 

 Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 plains of Mendoza; Sanzin, El Hornero, 1, p. 149, 

 1918 Tunuyan, Mendoza; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 part, Eten and 

 Sullana, Peru; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 508 Cape San Antonio, Buenos 

 Aires; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 Flores and San Jos6, 

 Uruguay; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 57, 1921 Peru to 

 Tierra del Fuego (crit.; meas.); Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 176, 

 1921 Rio Blanco, Aconcagua, Chile; Wace, El Hornero, 2, p. 203, 1921 

 Falkland Islands; Daguerre, I.e., p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos Aires; 

 Serie and Smyth, 77, 1923 La Rioja; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. 

 for 1922-23, p. 630, 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires (Aziel, Lomas de Zamora); 

 Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, pp. 141, 225, 1925 San Bernardo, 

 Santiago and Isla La Mocha, Arauco, Chile; M6ngaux, Rev. Franc. 

 d'Orn., 1925, p. 280 near Icano, Bracho and Laguna de Canitas, Santiago 

 del Estero; Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 330 Falkland Islands; Wilson, El 

 Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe; Barros, Rev. Chil. 

 Hist. Nat., 30, p. 142, 1926 Nilahue, Curico, Chile; Jaffuel and Pirion, 

 I.e., 31, p. 103, 1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; Bullock, 

 I.e., 33, pp. 126, 196, 1929 Nahuelbuta and Angol, Malleco, Chile; 

 Housse, I.e., 33, p. 243, 1929 Chile (crit.); (?)Budin, El Hornero, p. 406, 

 1931 Maimara, Jujuy; Castellanos, I.e., 5, p. 406, 1932 Valle de los 

 Reartes, Cordoba and Tafi Viejo, Tucuman. 



Hypomorphnus leucurus (not Spizaetris leucurus Vieillot) Lafresnaye, Rev. 

 Mag. Zool., (2), 1, p. 388, 1849 (in part). 




88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo infulatus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 76 "Galapagos" = Port Desire, 

 Patagonia (descr. of young; type in the British Museum examined; cf. 

 Swarth and Kinnear, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 50, 1931). 



Buteo leucops (G. R. Gray MS.) Kaup, Arch. Naturg., 16, (1), p. 40, 1850 

 new name for Buteo infulatus Kaup; Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, 

 p. 143, 1884 (crit.). 



Buteo ventralis (not of Gould) Cassin, U. S. Expl. Exp., 2, p. 94, pi. 3, fig. 2, 

 1858 Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego. 



Buteo braccalus Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 142, 1862 Chile; 

 idem, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vogel, pp. 6, 16, 1865 Chile. 



Buteo polyosoma Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 12, 1862 Falkland 

 Islands and Chile (crit.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 110, 

 1926 General Roca, Pampa; idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 422, 

 1926 Arroyo Salado, Rio Negro, and Lago Mosquitos, Cholila, Chubut. 



Buteo albicaudatus (not of Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1873, p. 186 Cosnipata, Peru; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 

 285, 1895 Chilecito, La Rioja. 



Buteo poliosomus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 171, 1874 Port Famine, 

 Falkland Islands and Chile (monog.); Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 69 (crit.); 

 Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, p. B.22, 1891 Orange Bay and Ushuaia, 

 Beagle Channel (crit.); Arribalzaga, Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 

 p. 160, 1902 Lago General Paz, Chubut; Dabbene, I.e., 18, p. 244, 

 1910 (range in Argentina); Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 157, 

 1917 Falkland Islands; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); Wace, El Hornero, 2, p. 203, 1921 Falkland Islands; Swann, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1921 (chars.; range). 



Buteo (Craxierex) poliosomus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 

 p. 94 (monog.). 



Buteo (Craxierex) erythronotus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 

 p. 96 (monog.). 



Buteo melanostethus(os) Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 663, 665, 1899 

 Chile (type in National Museum, Santiago de Chile) ; idem, Arch. Naturg., 

 65, (1), p. 167, 1899 Prov. Santiago, Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. 

 Chile, 15, p. 5, pi. 2, 1902 central provinces of Chile (=melanistic 

 variety of adult female); Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 180, 1942 (type= 

 female in dark phase with erythrism on abdomen). 



Buteo poedlogaster Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 663, 666, 1899 

 Chile; idem, Arch. Naturg., 65, (1), p. 167, 1899 Chile; idem, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 6, pi. 3, 1902 Chile (= juvenile plumage); Housse, 

 Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 48, 1924 Isla La Mocha, Arauco; 1 Philippi 

 B., El Hornero, 8, p. 180, 1942 (type=female immature normal phase). 



1 Several other "new" species of Philippi's are not identifiable with certainty. 

 Buteo albigula Philippi (Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, p. 664, 1899; Arch. Naturg., 

 65, (1), p. 170, 1899; Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 9, pi. 6, 1902 Valdivia), 

 Buteo aethiops Philippi (Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 665, 668, 1899; Arch. Naturg., 

 65, (1), p. 168, 1899; Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 16, pi. 8, 1902 central provinces 

 of Chile), and Buteo pictus Philippi (Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 665, 668, 1899; 

 Arch. Naturg., 65, (1), p. 169, 1899; Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 12, p. 17, pi. 9, 1902 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 89 



Asturina(?) aethiops Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 16, pi. 8, 

 1902 central provinces of Chile; Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 181, 1942 

 (=Buteo polyosoma polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard). 



Tachytriorchis albicaudatus(l) Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 221 Pichincha and 

 Corazon, Ecuador; Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 Cordillera 

 of Mendoza; Sanzin, El Hornero, 1, p. 149, 1918 Mendoza; Giacomelli, 

 I.e., 3, p. 77, 1923 Chilecito, La Rioja (ex Koslowsky). 



Buteo hypospodius (not of Gurney) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, 

 p. 242, 1917 near Santa Isabel, central Andes, Colombia. 



Buteo erythronotus erythronotus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 (range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 85, 1921 (range); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 65, p. 305, 1923 Huanuluan, Rio Negro. 



Buteo erythronotus peruviensis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 85, 1922 Eten, Lam- 

 bayeque, Peru (type in British Museum, examined); Lonnberg and 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 36, 1922 Pichincha, Mount Atacazo 

 (south of Anito), Pomasqui, and western Mojanda, Ecuador (crit.). 



Buteo polyosoma polyosoma Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 31A, 1925 Rio 

 Negro, Patagonia, to Anito, Ecuador (crit.) ; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 55, p. 227, 1926 Ecuador (Guapulo, Chimborazo, "Ambato," 

 Corazon) and Colombia (Santa Isabel) (crit.; meas.); Pereyra, El Hornero, 

 4, p. 29, 1927 Conhelo, La Pampa; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 409, 

 pis. 21, 22, 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931 (range); 

 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 273, 1932 Chile, 

 from Tarapaca to the Straits of Magellan (crit.) ; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. 

 Nat., 38, p. 139, 1934 Cuesta de la Culebra, Penco, O'Higgins, Chile; 

 Bullock, I.e., 39, p. 240, 1935 Isla La Mocha, Arauco; Reynolds, Ibis, 

 1935, p. 75 Freycinet, Wollaston, and Bayly Islands, Cape Horn (crit.); 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 17, 1936 Santa 

 Cruz (Lago Viedma), Chubut (Paso de Indies, Deseado, Colonia, Lago 

 Muster), Neuquen (Nahuel Huapi), Rio Negro, Buenos Aires (La Plata), 

 Mendoza, La Rioja, Salta (Ambrado del Zorro, Valle de Lerma) and 

 Jujuy (San Lorenzo) (crit.); Housse, Rev. Univ. Santiago, 24, p. 53, 1939 

 Chile (range and habits); Lehmann, Caldasia, 7, p. 186, 1943 Quintana, 

 Colombia (disc.). 



Buteo polyosoma unicolor (not of d'Orbigny) Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, 

 p. 315, 1925 (crit.). 



Buteo polyosoma peruviensis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 228, 

 1926 Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 

 1, p. 412, 1928 part, coast of Peru; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931; 

 Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, pi., p. 115, 1945 El Tambo, Quindio, 

 Colombia (chars.; plum.). 



Valdivia), however, were probably based on juvenile individuals of the present 

 species, or may be referable to B. swainsoni. C.E.H. 



Philippi B. (El Hornero, 8, pp. 180, 181, 182, 1942) states that the type of 

 B. albigula (taken in Valdivia) is an immature male of the normal phase of B. p. 

 polyosoma; the type of B. aethiops (taken in the Central Provinces) an immature 

 female of the dark phase of the same species; and the type of B. pictus (taken in 

 Valdivia) an immature female of B. jamaicensis ventralis Gould, and that this 

 race has been found nesting at Malleco. All three types are in the National 

 Museum, Santiago, Chile. B.C. 




90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buieo borealis ventralis Kuroda, Tori, 8, p. 141, 1933 San Bornonol, Per- 

 quenco, Chile (descr. of young). 



Range. Temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia (Santa Isabel, 

 central Andes; El Tambo, Cauca), Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, south 

 through Chile and Argentina (east to Tucuman, Santiago del Estero 

 and Cordoba) to Tierra del Fuego; in winter spreading to Santa Fe, 

 Entre Rios, Corrientes, and Uruguay; Falkland Islands. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 28: Colombia (El Tambo, Cauca, 4); 

 Ecuador (Tunguilla Valley, 1; Banos, Azuay, 1); Peru (Sullana, 

 Amotape Mountains, 1); Bolivia (Viacha, La Paz, 1; Tiraque, Cocha- 

 bamba, 1; Cerro Juno, Cochabamba, 3); Chile (Domeyko, Atacama, 



1 It is now an established fact that this buzzard occurs in various mutational, 

 strictly alternative plumages. The normal dress of the adult male is gray above, 

 excepting the upper tail coverts, and white below, with a varying amount of narrow 

 dusky cross-bars posteriorly (described as Aquila braccata Meyen), while the female 

 in this stage has an extensive dorsal area, bright tawny (Haliaetus erythronotus 

 King). In the melanistic variety the male is dark gray above and below (Buteo 

 polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard), while the female has the throat, foreneck, thighs, 

 and under tail coverts deep slate gray in contrast to the rufous breast and abdomen. 

 Young birds also appear sometimes in a nearly uniform dark brown, melanistic 

 mutation (Buteo unicolor d'Orbigny), though this type of coloration is much less 

 common than the variegated, striped plumage. 



Males in normal plumage are somewhat variable. The majority are, as al- 

 ready stated, uniform gray above; others have touches of rufous here and there; 

 others again are rather profusely spotted with rufous; and a few have the upper 

 back to the same extent as females bright tawny, though this area is streaked 

 with slate gray. These various stages are all represented in two series from 

 Chubut (Valle del Lago Blanco) and central Chile. The few examples from Peru 

 available for comparison happen to be in normal plumage. Melanistic adults of 

 both sexes have been examined from the Falkland Islands, Straits of Magellan, 

 Chubut (Valle del Lago Blanco), and central Chile; melanistic young birds from 

 the Falklands, Chubut and Bolivia. The supposed smaller size of B. p. peruviensis 

 of northern Peru proves to be non-existent in the light of the large series, whose 

 wing measurements are appended. 



ADULT MALES 



Falkland Islands, 370, 390. 



Tierra del Fuego, 390, 400. 



Straits of Magellan, 380, 390. 



Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 370, 380, 380, 390, 390, 390, 395, 395, 400. 



Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, 365, 370. 



Aufama, Tucuman, 370. 



Central Chile, 375, 380, 385, 385, 390. 



Cancosa, Tarapacd, Chile, 390. 



Eten, Peru (peruviensis), 370. 



ADULT FEMALES 



Falkland Islands, 400, 410, 415, 435. 



Lago Blanco, Chubut, 410, 415, 415, 420, 420, 420, 425, 430, 430, 440. 



Rio Negro, 415. 



Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, 420. 



Buenos Aires, 420, 425, 455(1). 



Salta, 430. 



Central Chile, 400, 410, 415, 420. 



Eten, Peru (peruviensis), 415. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 91 



1; Batuco, Santiago, 2; Sierra Nahuelbuta, Malleco, 1; Rio Nirehuau, 

 Aysen, 1; Porvenir, Tierra del Fuego, 2); Argentina (Aconquija, 

 Tucuman, 4; Conception, Tucuman, 1; Las Pavas, Tucuman, 1; 

 Tierra del Fuego, 2; Lago Fagnano, Tierra del Fuego, 1). 



Buteo polyosoma exsul Salvin. 1 MAS AFUERA BUZZARD. 



Buteo exsul Salvin, Ibis, (3), 5, p. 371, July, 1875 Mas Afuera Island (type 

 in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum); Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 417, 1928 Mas Afuera (monog.). 



Buteo erythronotus (not of King) Sclater, Ibis, 1871, p. 182 Mas Afuera; 

 Reed, I.e., 1874, p. 84 Mas Afuera; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 172, 1874 part, spec, n, Mas Afuera; Johow, Est. Flora Island, Juan 

 Fernandez, p. 237, 1896 Mas Afuera. 



Buteo erythronotus exsul Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 Mas Afuera; 

 Lonnberg, in Skottsberg, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, 

 3, (1), p. 9, 1921 Mas Afuera and Mas A Tierra; Swann, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 86, 1921 Mas Afuera. 



Buteo polyosoma exsul Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 315, 1925 Mas Afuera 

 (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 230, 1931 Juan Fernandez Islands. 



Range. Breeds on Mas Afuera, visitant on Mas A Tierra, Juan 

 Fernandez Islands, off Chile. 



*Buteo poecilochrous Gurney. 2 GURNEY'S RED-BACKED BUZZARD. 



Buteo poecilochrous Gurney, Ibis, (4), 3, p. 176, April, 1879 Yanayacu, 

 Ecuador (descr. of female in melanistic phase; type in Salvin-Godman 

 Collection, now in British Museum, examined) ; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, 



1 Buteo polyosoma exsul Salvin: Similar to B. p. polyosoma but slightly larger; 

 above somewhat darker with white edges to the interscapulars and wing coverts; 

 female with back dark gray as in the male, not rufous. Wing, 380, (female) 

 418-430. A female in first year plumage has the upper back strongly suffused 

 with rufous, while adults of both sexes lack this color altogether. Five specimens 

 from Mas Afuera examined. 



2 Buteo poecilochrous Gurney is a little known bird of unsettled status. Strese- 

 mann's principal criterion, the proportion of the fifth primary (equal to or even 

 longer than the third), holds only in half of the specimens listed by him, all of 

 which have been examined by the senior author. Even in the type, the fifth 

 primary is decidedly shorter than the third. 



In normal plumage both sexes are indistinguishable from the corresponding 

 stages of B. polyosoma as far as coloration is concerned. The melanistic variety of 

 the male is extremely similar to that of B. polyosoma, but generally darker, more 

 blackish below; the thighs as well as the anal region are barred with grayish or 

 white, the under tail coverts white, while these parts in polyosoma are practically 

 uniform gray. The female in the melanistic phase also is not unlike the correspond- 

 ing variant of polyosoma, but the lower abdomen, instead of being rufous, is barred 

 black and white (with, however, a few rufous bars intermixed in a bird from Tara- 

 paca), and the under tail coverts are white (not deep slate gray). It should be 

 noted, however, that the type has some large rufous spots on the breast. An 

 adult female from the Cordillera of Colchagua, central Chile, combines the rufous 

 breast of polyosoma with the white under tail coverts of poecilochrous, while the 




92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Ornis, 13, p. 104, 1906 Cuzco, Peru; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 

 1919 Ecuador to Chile and Argentina; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 117, p. 59, 1921 La Raya, Peru (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1921 

 Ecuador to Chile (crit.); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, 

 p. 40, 1922 Pichincha, Chaupicruz, Chilogallo, near Cotogallo, and 

 Tumbaco, Ecuador (crit.); Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 310, 316, 

 1925 Ecuador (Yanayacu, Quito), Peru (Ccachupata), Bolivia (Challa- 

 pata, Choquecamate), Chile (Macaya) and Jujuy (Rinconada) (crit.; 

 meas.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 229, 1926 Bestion, 

 Ecuador (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 415, 1928 (monog.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931 (range); (?)Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 42, 1936 Tucuman and La Rioja (Chi- 

 lecito); Lehmann, Caldasia, 7, p. 186, 1943 Rio Patia, Colombia; idem, 

 Rev. Univ. del Cauca, 6, p. 110, pis., 1945 (plumages; habits). 



Buteo erythronotus (not Haliaetus erythronotus King) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 172, 1874 part, spec, p-r, Ccachuapata, Peru; Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 399 "Lalcalhuay," Tarapaca, Chile; idem, 

 I.e., 1891, p. 135 part, Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 

 179 part, Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 part, 

 Choquecamate, Cochabamba, and Challapata, Oruro, Bolivia. 



Tachytriorchis albicaudatus (not Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot) Bruch, Rev. 

 Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Salta and Jujuy (spec, examined). 



Buteo melanosternus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 104, Sept., 1906 

 Cuzco, Peru (descr. of melanistic female; type in Warsaw Museum). 



Buteo erythronotus simonsi Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 85, Jan. 2, 1922 Challa- 

 pata (Oruro), Bolivia (descr. of normal phase; type in British Museum). 



Buteo hypospodius (not of Gurney) Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, 

 No. 25, p. 37, 1922 Pichincha above Lloa, Ecuador (crit.); Stresemann, 

 Journ. Orn., 72, pp. 440, 441, 1924 (crit.). 



Buteo (polyosoma) poecilochrous Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 95, p. 177, 1943 Callipampa, Tiraque, Bolivia. 



faintly indicated light cross-markings on abdomen and thighs suggest the barred 

 abdomen of poecilochrous. Yet according to size (wing 400, tail 190) and origin, 

 this bird cannot be anything else than polyosoma. Its intermediary characters 

 are apt to throw considerable doubt on the specific nature of the characters separat- 

 ing poecilochrous and polyosoma. There remains, on the other hand, the greater 

 size of poecilochrous. The wing, in adult males, ranges from 420 to 450 (against 

 365-400 in polyosoma); in adult females, from 460-490 (against 400-440, once 

 455). If three adults from Tarapaca are unequivocally poecilochrous another male 

 from the same region (Cancosa) is just as decidedly polyosoma. The only adult 

 female in normal plumage examined from Ecuador and a melanistic female from 

 Rinconada, Jujuy (recorded by Bruch as Tachytriorchis albicaudatus) are typical 

 of poecilochrous. It will be seen that much remains yet to be learned about the 

 inter-relationship of these hawks. 



Additional material examined. Ecuador: Yanayacu, 1 (the type); Mount 

 Cotopaxi, 1. Peru: High Peru (16,000-18,000 ft. elev.), 1; Ccachuapata, Dept. 

 Anzco, 3. Bolivia: Choquecamate, 2; Challapata, 1. Chile: Tarapaca, Macaya, 

 1; three leagues southwest of Sacaya, 1; "Lalcalhuay," 1. Argentina: Rinconada, 

 Jujuy, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 93 



Range. Andes (chiefly Puno and Paramo zone) of southwestern 

 Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina (Rin- 

 conada, Jujuy) and northern Chile (Tarapaca). 



Field Museum Collection. 16: Ecuador (Cerro Guamani, Chim- 

 borazo, 1; Cerro Chimborazo, 6; Llanganate, Tunguragua, 2; Yana- 

 urcu, Azuay, 2); Peru (Junin, 1; Yara, Arequipa, 1; Salinas, Are- 

 quipa, 1); Bolivia (Esperanza, Pacajes, La Paz, 2). 



*Buteo regalis (G. R. Gray). FERRUGINOUS ROUGH-LEG. 



Falco ferrugineus (not of Nordmann 1835) Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Akad. 

 Wiss. Berlin (Phys. Kl.) for 1838, p. 428, 1839 California= Monterey 

 (type in Berlin Museum; cf. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsber., 30, p. 83, 

 1922, and Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 267, 1932). 



Archibuteo regalis G. R. Gray, 1 Gen. Bds., 1, (1), pi. vi, May, 1844 no 

 locality (type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico, in the British Mu- 

 seum). 



Archibuteo ferrugineus Cassin, 111. Bds. Calif, etc., pp. 104, 159, pi. 26, 1854 

 Tulavie Valley, California; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 300, 1874 Mexico (Real del Monte) and 

 California (monog.); Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 259, pi. 9, 

 figs. 1, 2, 4 (eggs), 1892 (nesting habits); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Amer., Aves, 3, p. 54, 1899 (monog.); Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 41, p. 88, 1902 Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California; Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 54, 1919 (chars.; range); Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 42, 

 p. 536, 1925 Norias, Texas (winter visitor); Huey, I.e., 43, p. 353, 1926 

 south of Ensenada and Santo Domingo, Lower California. 



Buteo calif ornica Grayson, in Hutching's Calif. Mag., 1, pp. 393, 396, fig. 

 in text, March, 1857 California, vicinity of San Jose, Santa Clara 

 County (no type preserved; cf. Bryant, Zoe, 2, p. 40, 1891, and Grinnell, 

 Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 267, 1932). 



Buteo regalis Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 110, 1928 Lower 

 California (winter visitant); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range); 

 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 284, 1937 (range; habits). 



Triorchis ferrugineus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 88, 1921 (chars.; range). 



Triorchis regalis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 427, pis. 24, 25, 1928 (monog.). 



Range. Breeds from southern Washington, southwestern Sas- 

 katchewan, and southern Manitoba to southern California, Utah, 

 Colorado, and Kansas; winters south to Lower California, Texas 

 and northern Mexico (Real del Monte, Hidalgo); casual east to 

 Wisconsin and Illinois. 2 



1 Archibuteo regalis G. R. Gray (List Spec. Bds. Brit. Mus., Part 1, Accipitres, 

 p. 19, after Feb. 12, 1844) from Real del Monte, Mexico, is a nomen nudum. 



2 Sennett's record (Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 4, No. 1, p. 43, 1878) 

 of the breeding of the Ferruginous Rough-Leg in the lower Rio Grande Valley, 

 is doubtless due to confusion with some other species. 




94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 42: Alberta (Rosebud, 1); Saskatch- 

 ewan (Maple Creek, 3); North Dakota (Eddy County, 5; Brad- 

 dock, 2; Nelson County, 3; Towner County, 17); Kansas (Blue 

 Rapids, Marshall County, 1) ; California (Dos Palos, Merced County, 

 1; San Bernardino County, 1; San Diego County, 1); Utah (Cedar 

 City, Iron County, 2); Colorado (Larimer County, 1); Arizona 

 (Salt River, Gila County, 1); New Mexico (Socorro County, 1); 

 Texas (Corpus Christi, 1); Mexico (Bustillos, Chihuahua, 1). 



*Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Grinnell. 1 ALASKAN RED-TAILED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo borealis alascensis Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 5, p. 211, Feb. 18, 

 1909 Glacier Bay, Alaska, and Port Frederick, Chichagof Island (types 

 in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, Calif.); Swarth, I.e., 7, p. 61, 

 1911 Duke Island and Chickamin River, Sitka District, Alaska; Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919 Alaska; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 78, 1921 

 Alaska; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 395, 1926 (monog.); Taverner, 

 Canad. Nat. Mus., Bull., 48, p. 5, 1927 Alaska (crit.); idem, Condor, 

 38, p. 69, 1936 Queen Charlotte Islands (crit.). 



Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range). 



Range. Southeastern Alaska from Yakutat Bay to the Queen 

 Charlotte and Vancouver Islands, British Columbia. 



Field Museum Collection. 12: British Columbia (Graham Island, 

 5; Comox, Vancouver Island, 3; Campbell River, Vancouver Island, 

 3; Hagensborg, 1). 



*Buteo jamaicensis harlani (Audubon). 2 HARLAN'S HAWK. 



Falco Harlani Audubon, Bds. Amer., folio ed., 1, pi. 86, 1830; idem, Orn. 

 Biog., 1, p. 441, 1831 near St. Francisville, Louisiana (female cotype 

 in British Museum examined). 3 



1 Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Grinnell is described as resembling B. j. borealis 

 but smaller throughout and having the dark areas blacker as well as more exten- 

 sive. Wing, (adult males) 344-362, (adult female) 365; tail, 195, 218, (female) 

 207. ^ Taverner at one time considered this form to be unworthy of recognition, 

 but in his latest paper on these hawks admits it on account of its lesser size. 



2 Buteo jamaicensis harlani (Audubon), about which further information col- 

 lected on its breeding grounds is urgently required, has been fully discussed by 

 the late H. S. Swarth, who considered it a northwestern race of the jamaicensis 

 group, a contention that seems to be well-founded. 



3 In spite of Taverner's doubts of its authenticity, there can be no question 

 whatever that the British Museum specimen is the original of figure 2 of Audubon's 

 plate, and that according to his own testimony (p. 441), it was given by him to 

 that institution through J. G. Children, then in charge of the Zoology Depart- 

 ment. The specimen is entered in the earliest handwritten Register, made prior 

 to 1837, as "No. 100. Falco Harlani, Aud. a. North Americ. Purchd. Audubon." 

 In List Spec. Brit. Mus., Part 1 (Accipitres), p. 18, 1844, it figures as "The Black 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 95 



Buteo harlani Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 5, p. 220, 1852 Cali- 

 fornia; Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., p. 24, 1860 Fort 

 Thorne, New Mexico; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 292, 1874 (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 



1, p. 191, 1874 part, Louisiana (descr. of type); Ridgway, Auk, 2, 

 pp. 165, 166, 1885 (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 

 3, p. 65, 1900 part, excl. of Mexican localities; Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 232, 1932 (range); Oberholser, Bird Life Louisiana, p. 167, 1938 

 Louisiana records. 



Buteo cooperi Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, p. 253, for Oct., 1856 

 (Mountain View) Santa Clara (Valley), California (type in U. S. National 

 Museum; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 266, 1932); Baird, 

 Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., p. 31, pi. 16 (fig. of type), 1860 

 Santa Clara; Ridgway, Auk, 1, p. 253, 1884 (crit. note on type); idem, I.e., 



2, pp. 165, 166, 1885 (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 Cali- 

 fornia; Grinnell, Condor, 32, p. 259, 1930 (crit. note on type). 



Buteo borealis harlani Ridgway, Auk, 7, p. 205, 1890 (crit.); Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 47, 1919; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 78, 1921; idem, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 394, 1926 (range imaginary); Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. 

 Zool., 30, p. 105, 1926 Atlin Region, British Columbia (breeding; crit.; 

 plumages); Taverner, Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, pp. 5, 10, 1927 (crit.); 

 Brooks, Condor, 29, p. 114 (in text), 1927 (disc.); Taverner, Condor, 

 38, p. 67, 1936 (chars.; crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 174, 

 1937 (life hist.); Dixon, Fauna U. S. Nat. Parks, 3, p. 45, 1938 Mt. 

 McKinley (breeding). 



Range. Breeds in southeastern Alaska, southwestern Yukon, 

 and northern British Columbia, in migration southeastward to the 



Warrior, Buteo harlani, Audub. a. Young. North America. Presented by J. Audu- 

 bon, Esq.," and in the second edition of that work (1848, p. 34) it is listed under 

 B. borealis of which F. Harlani Aud. B. Amer. pi. 86 is quoted as synonym as 

 "spec. n. North America. Presented by J. Audubon, Esq." It will be noted 

 that no other specimen was known to exist until Lawrence recorded one from 

 California in 1852. On comparing the British Museum example with Audubon's 

 figure we do not find any difference which cannot be explained by conventional 

 drawing or the artist's desire to emphasize certain characters of pattern. The 

 black tail-bands are grossly exaggerated, and I have yet to see a hawk of the 

 jamaicensis group with such broad, curiously shaped bars as those on Audubon's 

 plate. On the other hand, the reddish tinge on both sides of the shaft is well 

 pronounced in the British Museum bird, which has indeed the characteristically 

 marbled tail with, however, several short cross-bands of black on either side of 

 the shaft on the middle pair extending approximately over the inner half of the 

 web. In Audubon's figure the brownish apical portion of the inner secondaries 

 and their dusky bars are also very much exaggerated, as are also the dark cross- 

 bands on the tibial feathers. To sum up, the slight discrepancies, more apparent 

 than real, are certainly due to the inaccuracy of the drawing. The type is im- 

 mature, the under parts showing extensive buffy white coloring at the basal por- 

 tions of the feathers exactly as in a young male collected by E. L. Cameron on 

 Oct. 15, 1890, in North Dakota and identified by the late H. S. Swarth as harlani. 

 There are a good many records of Harlan's Hawk from various Louisiana localities 

 between November and March and it may be regarded as a regular winter visitor 

 to the lower Mississippi Valley. Audubon's type was obtained on Nov. 18, 1829, 

 as we learn from his letter to Dr. Harlan, reproduced by Coues (Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Cl., 5, pp. 202-203, 1880). 




96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



upper Mississippi Valley, wintering in the lower Mississippi Valley; 

 casual in California (Mountain View, Santa Clara County, Nov. 10, 

 1855) l and Pennsylvania (Watsontown). 



Field Museum Collection 23: Alaska (Takotna, 1); Alberta 

 (Leduc, 1); North Dakota (Nelson County, 3; Rolette County, 1); 

 Kansas (Burlington, 1; Hamilton, 11); Illinois (Lewistown, 2; 

 Broughton, 2); Pennsylvania (Watsontown, 1). 



*Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Gmelin). EASTERN RED-TAILED 

 HAWK. 



Falco borealis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 266, 1788 based on "American 

 Buzzard" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 50, and "Red-tailed Falcon" 

 Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 205, Carolina (type in Leverian Museum). 2 



Falco leverianus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 266, 1788 based on "Leverian 

 Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 206, Carolina (type in Leverian 

 Museum; 2 descr. of young). 



Buteo ferruginicaudus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 32, pi. 6, 

 1807 Carolina (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot, ex Louis Bosc). 



Accipiter ruficaudus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 43, pi. 14 bis, 

 1807 Virginia (type in coll. of M. Palisot-Beauvais, Paris). 



Buteo americamis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 4, p. 477, 1816 

 based on Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, pi. 6. 



Buteo calurus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, No. 7, for Jan.-Feb., 

 p. 281, pub. May 22, 1855 Fort Webster (Rio Mimbres), New Mexico 

 (type in collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; 

 cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 29); Baird, Cassin and 

 Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., 22, pi. 14, 1860 Fort Webster, New Mexico 

 and Petaluma, California. 



(Buteo borealis) var. borealis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 282, 1874 (monog.). 



(Buteo borealis) var. lucasanus Ridgway, 3 in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 285, Jan., 1874 Peninsula of Lower California 

 (type from Cape San Lucas, in U. S. National Museum). 



(Buteo borealis) var. calurus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 286, 1874 (monog.). 



Buteo borealis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 188, 1874 in part, excl. 

 of Jamaica, Cuba, and West Indies; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Amer., Aves, 3, p. 61, 1900 Mexico and Guatemala (in part). 



1 The Mexican records are all more or less questionable. The eggs from 

 Brownsville, Texas, ascribed to B. j. harlani by Swann, cannot have belonged 

 to this hawk, which is now known to breed in northwestern North America. 



2 This specimen did not come to the Vienna Museum. 



3 Buteo lucasanus Ridgway (Coues, Key N. Amer. Bds., p. 216, 1872) is a 

 nomen nudum. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 97 



(Buteo borealis) subsp. and Buteo montanus (not of Nuttall) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 189, 1874 part, western North America and Mexico. 



Buteo rufescentior Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 63 

 (in text), November, 1900 "Sitka and British Columbia to California" 

 (no type designated). 1 



Buteo borealis calurus Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 83, 1902 

 Lower California (crit.; meas.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Galindo, 

 Tamaulipas, Mexico; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 47, 1919 (chars.; range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921; Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, pp. 

 211, 336, 1922 Stikine and Skeena River regions, British Columbia; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 392, 1926 (monog.); Taverner, 

 Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, p. 3, 1927 (crit.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. 

 Zool., 32, p. 108, 1929 Peninsula of Lower California; Griscom, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 153, 1932 Momostenango, Guatemala; van 

 Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 428, 1934 Sonora (Calamos, 

 Pinos Alto) and Chihuahua (Jesus Maria); Taverner, Condor, 38, p. 66, 

 1936 (crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 167, 1937 (life hist.). 



Buteo borealis borealis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 47, 1919 (chars.; range); 



idem, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 



389, 1926 (monog.); Taverner, Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, p. 3, 1927 



(crit.); idem, Condor, 38, p. 66, 1936 (crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 



167, p. 147, 1937 (life hist.; distrib.). 

 Buteo borealis lucasanus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921 Peninsula of Lower 



California; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 393, 1926 (monog.). 

 Buteo jamaicensis borealis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range). 

 Buteo jamaicensis calurus van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana 



State Univ., 21, p. 55, 1945 Sonora (resident). 



Range. Breeds from the central Yukon, Mackenzie, northern 

 Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, southern Quebec and New- 

 foundland south to southern Lower California, central southern 

 Texas, northeastern Oklahoma, Alabama and northern Florida; 

 winters from southwestern British Columbia and the south central 

 United States south to the Gulf coast and Guatemala; casual to 

 Panama (one record from the south slope of the Volcan de 

 Chiriqui). 2 



1 Inspection of the British Museum series shows that the name B. rufescentior 

 refers to specimens of "calurus," with more or less rufescent breasts, spotted 

 upper belly and distinct rufescent bars on the thighs, from Colorado (Jolon), 

 New Mexico (Santa Fe), Utah (Salt Lake City), California (Walker's Basin), 

 and Mexico (Zacatecas, Zapotlan, Jalisco). The Guatemalan and Nicaraguan 

 birds mentioned are costaricensis. From the way the name was introduced and 

 the fact that no marked type exists, we infer that it was intended rather as a 

 designation for certain color varieties found within the range of the jamaicenais 

 complex as a whole. 



2 The adult bird secured on the Volcan de Chiriqui by E. Arce in 1870, a 

 specimen of the normal "calurus" type with cross-banded tail, is strongly rufescent 

 on crown and hindneck, has a deep rufous brown jugular band, strongly spotted 

 abdomen, and conspicuously barred thighs. It is a perfect match for a male 




98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 117 : Yukon Territory (Yukon River, 

 2); British Columbia (Comox, Vancouver Island, 2; Victoria, 2); 

 Alberta (Calgary, 1; Rosebud, 2); Saskatchewan (Prince Albert, 1); 

 Manitoba (Winnipeg, 2); Washington (Tacoma, 1); Oregon (Jackson 

 County, 2; Enterprise, 1; Tillamook, 1); California (Placer County, 

 1; San Francisco, 2; Monterey County, 2; Riverside County, 1; 

 Alameda County, 2; San Bernardino County, 1; San Diego County, 

 3); Arizona (Cochise County, 1; Coconino County, 1; Phoenix, 3; 

 Tucson, 3; Calabasas, 1); Montana (Columbia Falls, 1; Gallatin 

 County, 1; Park County, 1); Colorado (Manitou Park, 1; New 

 Castle, 1; Larimer County, 1; Buford, 1); New Mexico (Mimbres, 1; 

 Carrizozo, 1); Nebraska (Lincoln, 2); Iowa (Iowa City, 1); Missouri 

 (Kansas City, 1); Arkansas (Fayetteville, 1; Woolsey, 1); Wisconsin 

 (Beaver Dam, 10; Polk County, 1; Vernon County, 1; Delavan, 1); 

 Illinois (Lake County, 2; Peru, 1; Henry, 1; Lewistown, 3; Warsaw, 

 1; Will County, 3); Indiana (Ingalls, 1; Porter County, 1; Bluffton, 

 8); Connecticut (New London County, 2; Stamford, 3; Litchfield 

 County, 5; New Haven County, 10); Georgia (Chatham County, 1; 

 Roswell, 2); Mexico (Agua Caliente, Lower California, 1; Sierra de 

 Laguna, Lower California, 1; Puerto del Chiarito, Durango, 1; 

 Minaca, Chihuahua, 1; Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 3). 



*Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Hoopes. KRIDER'S HAWK. 



Buteo borealis var. Kriderii Hoopes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p. 

 238, pi. 5, June, 1873 Winnebago County, Iowa (type in collection of 

 the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 26). 



(Buteo borealis) var. krideri Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 

 3, p. 284, 1874 (monog.). 



Buteo borealis krideri(i) Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 47, 1919 (chars.; range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 391, 

 1926 (monog.); Taverner, Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, p. 4, 1927 (crit.); 

 idem, Condor, 38, p. 67, 1936 (crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, 

 p. 165, 1937 (life hist.). 



Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231 (range). 



Range. Breeds in the Great Plains region of the United States 

 from Wyoming to Minnesota and south to Nebraska and Missouri; 

 winters south to Texas and the Gulf coast. 



from Fort Klamath, Oregon. The occurrence of this hawk in Panama is certainly 

 exceptional. 



After examining a large series we are inclined to agree with Peters in uniting 

 calurus to borealis. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 99 



Field Museum Collection. 31: Wyoming (New Castle, 1); 

 North Dakota (Eddy County, 1; Nelson County, 3; Ramsey County, 

 4; Rolette County, 5); Nebraska (Lancaster County, 3); Texas 

 (Skidmore, 2; Port Lavaca, 1); Minnesota (Owatonna, 1; Roseau 

 County, 4) ; Kansas (Hamilton, 4) ; Illinois (Lee County, 1) ; Florida 

 (Orange County, 1). 



*Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi Sutton and Van Tyne. 1 FUERTES' 

 HAWK. 



Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi Sutton and Van Tyne, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. 

 Mich., 321, p. 1, Sept. 23, 1935 Calamity Creek Bridge, 22 miles south 

 of Alpine, Brewster County, Texas (type in Museum of Zoology, Uni- 

 versity of Michigan); Taverner, Condor, 38, p. 70, 1936 (crit.); Sutton 

 and Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 37, p. 19, col. pi., 

 1937 Brewster County, Texas; van Rossem, Auk, 59, p. 450, 1942 

 Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains), New Mexico (Catron County), Mexico 

 (Hermosillo, Sonora; Colonia Pacheco, Chihuahua). 



Range. Breeds in southwestern Texas, probably also southern 

 New Mexico and adjoining parts of Mexican states of Chihuahua, 

 Coahuila and Nuevo Leon. 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Texas (Kerrville, 2); Mexico (Cerro 

 Potosi, Nuevo Leon, 1). 



*Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Bangs. 2 FLORIDA RED-TAILED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo borealis umbrinus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 68, July 31, 

 1901 Myakka, Manatee County, Florida (type in coll. of E. A. and 

 O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; 

 cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 188, 1930); Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 48, 1919 part, Florida; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 79, 1921 part, 

 Florida; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 396, 1926 part, Florida; Bent, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 178, 1937 Florida (life hist.). 



1 Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi Sutton and Van Tyne: Similar to the light phase of 

 borealis but under parts, including under side of wing, much paler; band of dark 

 streaks across lower breast and flanks greatly reduced, the streaking very much 

 attenuated or even reduced to a mere hair-line along the shaft of the feather; 

 thighs pale, immaculate or but slightly barred; barring on tail and upper tail 

 coverts much reduced. Resembles B. j. kriderii in paleness of under parts, but is 

 readily distinguished by its dark upper surface and lack of white at base of tail. 

 Wing, 385-402, (female) 425-436; tail, 205-224, (female) 220-228. 



2 Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Bangs: Most similar to B. j. borealis but lower 

 throat and middle of belly marked with broad stripes and bands of deep brown; 

 tail feathers, aside from the black subterminal band, with mere traces of dusky 

 spots or crossbars. Wing, 403-412, (female) 420-440. 



One additional specimen from Tarpon Springs, Florida, examined. 




100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 part, Florida 

 Peninsula. 



Range. Florida Peninsula. 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Florida (Enterprise, Volusia 

 County, 1). 



*Buteo jamaicensis solitudinis Barbour. 1 CUBAN RED-TAILED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo borealis solitudinis Barbour, Occ. Pap. Bost. Soc. N. H., 8, p. 207, 

 July 24, 1935 Solidad de Cienfuegos, Cuba (type in Museum of Com- 

 parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). 



Buteo borealis (not Falco borealis Gmelin) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 18, pi. 1, 

 fig. 2, 1850 Trinidad and Cienfuegos, Cuba; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 

 2, "1854," Erinnerungss., p. Ixxxii, 1855 Cuba (breeding); idem, in 

 Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 223, 1865 Cuba (breeding in 

 March); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 64, 1866 Nassau (New 

 Providence) and Inagua, Bahama Islands; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 19, 

 p. 365, 1871 Cuba (habits, nest and eggs descr.); Cory, Bds. Bahamas, 

 p. 131, 1880 Bahama Islands (ex Bryant); idem, Auk, 4, p. 39, 1887 

 part, Cuba and Bahama Islands; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 197, 1889 part, 

 Cuba and Bahama Islands; idem, Auk, 8, p. 350, 1891 Abaco, Bahama 

 Islands; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Cuba and Bahama 

 Islands (Abaco, New Providence, Inagua); Riley, in Shattuck, The 

 Bahama Islands, p. 362, 1905 Abaco, Little Abaco, New Providence, 

 Andros, and Great Inagua, Bahama Islands. 



Buteo borealis calurus (not of Cassin) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 4, p. 294, 1892 Trinidad, Cuba (crit.). 



Buteo borealis umbrinus (not of Bangs) Bonhote, Ibis, 1892, p. 296 Little 

 Abaco (crit.; nest and eggs descr.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919 

 part, Bahama Islands; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 79, 1922 part, Bahama 

 Islands and Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 46, 1923 Cuba; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 396, 1926 part, Bahama Islands and 

 Cuba. 



Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 part, Cuba, 

 Isle of Pines and Bahama Islands. 



Range. Bahama Islands (Abaco, Little Abaco, New Providence, 

 Andros, Great Inagua) and the island of Cuba (including Isle of 

 Pines), Greater Antilles. 



1 Buteo jamaicensis solitudinis Barbour: Similar in coloration toB.j. umbrinus, 

 but somewhat smaller. Wing, 375, (female) 395-411. 



An adult female from Little Abaco is identical in size (wing, 390) and color 

 with one from Cuba (San Cristobal), while a male from the same Bahaman island 

 has even shorter wings (350 mm.) than the figures given by Barbour for a Cuban 

 male. If solitudinis is separated from the Florida Red-tail, Bahaman birds 

 must undoubtedly go with the Cuban race. Its claims to recognition require, 

 however, substantiation by a fuller series. B. j. jamaicensis of Jamaica and 

 Hispaniola, while similar in coloration, is still smaller (wing, males 335-360, 

 females 365-375). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 101 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Bahama Islands (Abaco, 1); Cuba 

 (Las Palacios, Pinar del Rio, 2; Candelaria, Pinar del Rio, 1; Arte- 

 misia, Pinar del Rio, 1; La Deseada, San Cristobal, 1). 



*Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin). WEST INDIAN RED- 

 TAILED HAWK. 



Falco jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 266, 1788 based on "Cream- 

 coloured Buzzard" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 49, Jamaica (type 

 in coll. of J. Latham). 



Buteo fulvus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 34, 1807 "Saint 

 Dominique et la Jamaique" (substitute name for Falco jamaicensis 

 Gmelin). 



Buteo borealis (not Falco borealis Gmelin) March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1863, p. 151 Jamaica (habits); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 310, 1874 

 Puerto Rico; idem, I.e., 26, pp. 158, 163, 1878 Puerto Rico; idem, Anal. 

 Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 159, 1878 Puerto Rico; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 39, 

 1887 part, Jamaica and Puerto Rico; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 197, 1889 

 part, Jamaica and Puerto Rico; idem, Auk, 8, p. 48, 1891 St. Kitts; 

 idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, 

 and St. Christopher; Bowdish, Auk, 19, p. 361, 1902 Puerto Rico; 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 33, 1916 Puerto Rico and 

 Vieques; idem, Auk, 33, p. 410, 1916 Vieques; idem, I.e., 33, p. 410, 

 1916 Vieques; idem, I.e., 34, p. 57, 1917 Culebra Island; Struthers, 

 I.e., 40, p. 472, 1923 Mayaguez, Puerto Rico (nest); Danforth, Journ. 

 Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 84, 1926 Cartagena Lagoon, Puerto Rico. 



Buteo tropicalis Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 357, 1909 San 

 Lorenzo, Dominican Republic (type in coll. of A. E. and A. H. Verrill = 

 immature); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 (ex Verrill). 



Buteo borealis jamaicensis Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 399, 1917 

 Choco, Dominican Republic (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 79, 1922 

 Jamaica, San Domingo and (?)Puerto Rico (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 396, 1926 (monog.); Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and 

 Virgin Islands, 9, p. 320, 1927 Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra 

 (monog.); Danforth, Auk, 45, p. 482, 1928 Jamaica; Bond, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 493, 1928 Haiti; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 362, 

 1929 Hispaniola; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 310, 1929 

 Moca, Dominican Republic; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 

 14, p. 114, 1930 St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John and Tortola; Beatty, 

 I.e., p. 138, 1930 St. Croix; Danforth, I.e., 15, p. 47, 1931 Puerto Rico; 

 Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 110, 1931 Hispaniola 

 (monog.); Danforth, Trop. Agric., 13, p. 214, 1936 St. Kitts and Nevis. 



Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range); 

 Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 14, 1932 Gonave Island, 

 Petite Cayemite, Hispaniola; idem and Lincoln, I.e., 82, art. 25, p. 21, 

 1933 Hispaniola; Bond, Bds. W. Ind., p. 66, 1936 Jamaica, Hispaniola, 

 Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Nevis and 

 (?)Montserrat. 




102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Range. Islands of Jamaica, Hispaniola (including surrounding 

 islands), Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. 

 Kitts, Nevis and possibly Montserrat. 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Jamaica (unspecified, 2); Lesser 

 Antilles (St. Kitts, 1). 



Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Nelson. 1 TRES MARIAS RED-TAILED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo borealis fumosus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 7, Jan. 27, 1898 

 Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias group, Mexico (type in U. S. National 

 Museum); idem, N. Amer. Fauna, 14, p. 37, 1899 Maria Madre, Maria 

 Magdalena and Maria Cleofa (descr. of imm.; meas.); Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 48, 1919 (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 (chars.); 

 McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 297, 1926 Maria Madre 

 Island; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 397, 1928 (monog.). 



Buteo borealis var. montana (not Buteo montanus Nuttall) Grayson, Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., 14, p. 268, 1871 Tres Marias Islands. 



Buteo borealis var. calurus (not Buteo calurus Cassin) Lawrence, Mem. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., 2, p. 301, 1874 part, Tres Marias Islands. 



Buteo borealis var. costaricensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 285, 1874 part, Tres Marias Islands (descr. 

 of young). 



Buteo fumosus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 65, 1900 

 Tres Marias Islands. 



Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 Tres Marias 

 Islands. 



Range. Tres Marias Islands, off western Mexico. 



Buteo jamaicensis socorroensis Nelson. SOCORRO RED-TAILED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo borealis var. montanus (not Buteo montanus Nuttall) Lawrence, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., 14, p. 301, 1871 Socorro Island (no descr.). 



Buteo borealis socorroensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, p. 220, 1880 

 (nomen nudum); Townsend, I.e., 13, p. 135, 1890 Socorro Island (nomen 

 nudum); Nelson, 2 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 7 (in text), Jan. 12, 



1 Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Nelson is said to differ from B. j. socorroensis by 

 being darker, more uniformly marked below, and by lacking the lighter areas on 

 the throat and breast. On the dorsal surface fumosus is stated to be readily 

 distinguishable by the uniform smoky brown head and neck, and the lack of rusty 

 edgings to the neck and wing feathers. 



2 Though not formally describing the Socorro bird, Nelson lists its measure- 

 ments in comparison to B. j. fumosus and also mentions certain color characters, 

 so that the name socorroensis would seem to be acceptable under the Rules. The 

 first proper description otB.j. socorroensis appeared in the "Biologia" from notes 

 supplied by Ridgway. The co-types are in the United States National Museum. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 103 



1898 Socorro Island; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919 Socorro 

 Island; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 Socorro Island (chars.); McLellan, 

 Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 297, 1926 Socorro Island (nest; descr.); 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 397, 1928 (monog.). 



Buteo borealis var. costaricensis (not of Ridgway) Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., 2, p. 302, 1874 Socorro Island. 



Buteo socorroensis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 64, 

 1900 Socorro Island (descr.). 



Buteo jamaicensis socorroensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 (range). 



Range. Socorro Island, off western Mexico. 



*Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway. 1 COSTA RICAN RED- 

 TAILED HAWK. 



Buteo borealis var. costaricensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 285 (note), Jan., 1874 Costa Rica (type in 

 U. S. National Museum); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 

 3, p. 61, 1900 part, Guatemala (in part) to Panama. 



Buteo borealis (not Falco borealis Gmelin) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad. 



Buteo borealis var. montanus (not Buteo montanus Nuttall) Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 133, 1868 San Jos6 and Los Tabacales, 

 Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 Costa Rica. 



(Buteo borealis) subsp. a. Buteo montanus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 189, 1874 part, spec, m-o, Costa Rica (San Jos6), Guatemala and 

 Panama. 



Buteo borealis costaricensis Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 404, 1882 

 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 5, p. 377, 1883 San Juan 

 del Sur, Nicaragua; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 

 1887 Cartago and Santa Maria de Dota, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 457, 1910 San Lucas de Dota and Azahar de 

 Cartago, Costa Rica; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919 Costa Rica 

 to Panama; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 78, 1922 Guatemala to Panama; idem, 



1 Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway differs from B. j. borealis (including 

 "calurus") by the absence (or mere suggestion) of the rufescent edgings to the 

 feathers of the hindcrown, nape and upper back; by the whiter under parts with 

 little, if any, rufescent tinge, the throat being mostly white or but sparingly 

 streaked with dusky and the breast frequently immaculate; and by the indistinct- 

 ness or sometimes the absence of barring of the tibial feathers. 



Unequivocal specimens of this form have been examined from British Hon- 

 duras (Southern Pine Ridge, Western District), Guatemala (Duenas; San Gero- 

 nimo; San Martin, Quezaltenango), Nicaragua (Matagalpa; El Volcan, Chinan- 

 dega), Costa Rica (Los Tabacoles), and Veraguas (Calobre, Castillo). From 

 Mexico, which is included in its breeding range, we have seen only winter birds, 

 all of which appear to be referable to B. j. borealis (calurus). C.E.H. 



Four adult birds taken in Michoacan in July and August are in Field Mu- 

 seum. Two are in the dark phase and show no rufescent coloration except on the 

 tail. Of the two others one is slightly rufescent about the crown and nape and 

 quite rufescent below, with the throat and chest moderately streaked with dusky, 

 while the other has no rufescent edges to the crown and nape, but is very dusky 

 on the throat and upper chest and slightly rufescent on the belly and thighs. B.C. 




104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 395, 1926 Guatemala to Panama (monog.); 

 Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 154, 1932 Tecpam (July), 

 San Lucas (June), and Panajachel (Sept.), Guatemala. 



Buteo coslaricensis Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 20, 1902 Boquete, 

 Chiriqui. 



Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 southern 

 Mexico to Panama; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 310, 1931 

 Changuinola, Almirante, Panama (Dec. 9); Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 298, 

 1935 Mountains of Veraguas, Panama; Dickey and van Rossem, Field 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 109, 1938 El Salvador (crit.). 



Range. Highlands of southern Mexico (Michoacan), Guatemala, 

 British Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama 

 east to the Canal Zone. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 11: Mexico, Michoacan (Tancitaro, 3; 

 Patzcuaro, 1); Guatemala (Tecpam, Chimaltenango, 1); El Salvador 

 (Volcan San Miguel, 1); Honduras (Cerro Cantoral, Tegucigalpa, 3); 

 Costa Rica (Zarcero, Alajuela, 1); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui, 1). 



1 A very puzzling bird is the hawk described by Gould as Buteo ventralis. 

 In addition to the type (Reg. No. 55. 12. 19. 204), collected by Darwin at Santa 

 Cruz, the British Museum has a female secured by D. S. Bullock on April 14, 

 1906, at Maquehue, Temuco, Chile. They are very much alike, the Maquehue 

 example differing merely by having the lateral edges to the nape-feathers white 

 rather than cinnamomeous, seven instead of eight dark tailbands, and doubtless 

 because of its fresh unfaded condition, blacker dorsal coloration and markings 

 below. The two birds bear a remarkable likeness to the immature stage of B. j. 

 costaricensis, have the same strong feet and toes and the four superprimaries 

 deeply incised, but differ by having shorter tails with seven to eight alternate 

 bands of brown and black of equal width (about 10 mm.), whereas in B. j. costari- 

 censis the rectrices are grayish brown, more or less tinged with ochraceous and 

 crossed by eight to ten narrow (not more than 5 mm. wide) dusky bars, which are 

 about one-fourth of the width of the pale interspaces. It is hard to believe that 

 in the extreme south of South America a local breeding race of the Red-tailed 

 Hawk has escaped the researches of naturalists, unless we assume it to be on the 

 verge of extinction, which seems altogether unlikely. Until more specimens are 

 available and the adult plumage becomes known, the status of B. ventralis will 

 have to be left in abeyance. Hellmayr's remark (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 19, p. 275, 1932) about its identity with the juvenile plumage of B. polyosoma 

 is due to comparison with a specimen erroneously labeled as type, which is indeed 

 a young Red-backed Hawk. The type is the bird listed by Sharpe (Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 190) as spec, p, juv., under Buteo borealis subsp. a. B. montanus. 



The two specimens of B. ventralis measure as follows: Wing, 370 (type), 355 

 (Maquehue); tail, 220. 



The synonymy of this unsettled form is here appended. 



Buteo ventralis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 10, Oct. 3, 1837 no 

 locality (type in British Museum examined); idem, in Darwin, Zool. 

 Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 27, 1839 Santa Cruz, Patagonia; Philippi, Anal. 

 Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 "southern provinces of Chile"; Reed, I.e., 

 93, p. 205, 1896 Chile; Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, p. 142, 1925 

 San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile; Philippi B., Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., 

 Santiago, 21, p. 75, 1943 (specimens listed). 



Buteo ater Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 664, 667, 1899 Chile (type 

 in National Museum, Santiago, Chile); idem, Arch. Naturg., 65, (1), 

 p. 168, 1899; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 9, pi. 5, 1902 Valdivia; 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 105 

 *Buteo galapagoensis (Gould). GALAPAGOS HAWK. 



Polyborus galapagoensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 9, Oct. 3, 1837 

 Galapagos Islands (type now in the British Museum). 



Craxirex galapagoensis Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 23, pi. 2, 

 1839 Galapagos Islands (plumages; habits); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 323 Indefatigable and Abingdon Islands. 



Buteo galapagensis Sundevall, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, pp. 125, 127 

 Galapagos Islands; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 170, 1874 (monog.); 

 Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 9, p. 495, 1876 Indefatigable and Abing- 

 don Islands (crit.); Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 143, 1884 (crit.); 

 Gifford, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 2, p. 190, 1919 Galapagos Islands 

 (nesting habits; food); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 41, 1919 (chars.); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 68, 1922 (chars.). 



Buteo (Craxirex) galapagoensis Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 

 p. 93 Galapagos Islands (monog.). 



Buteo galapagoensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 113, 1890 

 Indefatigable and Abingdon Islands (crit.); idem, I.e., 19, p. 587, 1897 

 Galapagos Islands (monog.); Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 6, p. 

 174, 1899 Galapagos Islands (crit.; egg); iidem, I.e., 9, p. 404, 1902 

 Narborough, Indefatigable and Seymour Islands (crit.); Snodgrass and 

 Heller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 5, p. 264, 1904 Albemarle Island (habits; 

 nest; eggs); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 351, 1926 (monog.); Swarth, 

 Occ. Pap., Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 46, 1931 Bindloe, Abingdon, James, 

 Jervis, Duncan, Albemarle, Narborough, Indefatigable, Daphne, Seymour, 

 Barrington, Chatham, Hood, and Gardner-near-Hood Islands (crit.; 

 meas.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 (range). 



Range. Galapagos Archipelago (recorded from the islands of 

 Bindloe, Abingdon, James, Jervis, Duncan, Albemarle, Narborough, 

 Indefatigable, Daphne, Seymour, Barrington, Chatham, Hood, and 

 Gardner-near-Hood) . 



Field Museum Collection. 5: Galapagos Islands (Togos Cove, 

 Albemarle Island, 1; Albemarle Island, 1; Barrington, 1; Abingdon 

 Island, 1; Bindloe Island, 1). 



Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 186, 1942 (type from Valdivia, said to be 



dark phase of B. j. ventralis). 

 Buteo macronychus Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 664, 667, 1899 



Chile (type in National Museum, Santiago, Chile); idem, Arch. Naturg., 



65, (1), p. 168, 1899 Valdivia; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 8, 



pi. 4, 1902 Valdivia (juvenile plumage); Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, 



p. 185, 1942 (type from Valdivia said to be the light phase of B. j. ventralis). 

 Asturina(l) picta Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, sect. 1, Zool., p. 17, 



pi. 9, 1902 Valdivia; Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 182, fig. 1, 1942 



(= immature Buteo ventralis Gould). 

 Buteo borealis ventralis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 Patagonia and 



southern Chile (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 397, 1928 (monog.). 

 Buteo jamaicensis borealis Philippi B., Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 44, p. 142, 1940 



Chile (visitor; tax. note); Housse, El Hornero, 8, p. 46, 1941 Malleco, 



Chile (nesting). 




106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 

 *Buteo lineatus elegans Cassin. RED-BELLIED HAWK. 



Buteo elegans Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, No. 7, Feb., 1855, p. 

 281, pub. May 22, 1855 Calif ornia= Sacramento, Sacramento County 1 

 (type in collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; 

 cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 29, and Grinnell, Univ. 

 Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 266, 1932). 



(Buteo lineatus) var. elegans Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 277, 1874 (monog.). 



Buteo lineatus (not Falco lineatus Gmelin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 191, 1874 part, California; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 

 Aves, 3, p. 66, 1900 part, California. 



Buteo lineatus elegans Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 (range); idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 81, 1922 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 400, 

 1928 (monog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 109, 1928 

 northwestern Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 

 (range); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 203, 1937 (life hist.). 



Range. Austral zone of Oregon and California, chiefly in the 

 San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys and in the San Diego district 

 from Marin and Shasta counties south to northwestern Lower 

 California. 



Field Museum Collection. 6: California (Los Angeles County, 2; 

 Pala, San Diego County, 1; San Diego, 1; San Francisco, 1; Los 

 Olivos, Santa Barbara County, 1). 



*Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmelin). NORTHERN RED-SHOULDERED 

 HAWK. 



Falco lineatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 268, 1788 based on "Barred- 

 breasted Buzzard" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 56, 2 and "Red- 

 Shouldered Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 206, Long Island, New 

 York (ex Pennant). 



Falco hyemalis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 274, 1788 based on "Winter 

 Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 209, New York (type in coll. of Mrs. 

 Blackburne). 



Buteo fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller 1777) Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. 

 Sept., 1, p. 31, pi. 5, 1807 North America (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot; 

 descr. of young). 



Falco Buteoides Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 1, p. 100, 1832 

 eastern North America. 



Buteo lineatus var. lineatus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 275, 1874 (monog.; excl. of Florida). 



1 As shown by Grinnell (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 267, 1932). 



1 This specimen, formerly in the Leverian Museum, passed into the Vienna 

 Museum (cf. Pelzeln, Ibis, 1873, p. 106). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 107 



Buteo lineatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 191, 1874 part, spec, a, 

 c, Delaware; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 66, 

 1900 part, eastern North America. 



Buteo lineatus lineatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 (chars.; range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 399, 

 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 (range); Bent, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 180, 1937 (life hist.). 



Range. Breeds from Manitoba, southern Quebec, Nova Scotia 

 and Prince Edward Island south to southern Kansas, northeastern 

 Tennessee, and North Carolina; winters through the southern part 

 of its breeding range south to the Gulf and South Atlantic states. 



Field Museum Collection. 66: Arkansas (Amity, 1); Wisconsin 

 (Beaver Dam, 1); Illinois (Lake County, 3; Cook County, 5; Pulaski 

 County, 1); Indiana (Bluffton, 2); Maine (Lincoln, 1); Connecticut 

 (East Hartford, 7; Black Hall, 1; Litchfield, 1; Warren, 1; Killing- 

 worth, 1 ; New Haven County, 29; Stamford, 7) ; New Jersey (Orange, 

 2); Georgia (Roswell, 3). 



*Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop. 1 TEXAS RED-SHOULDERED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop, Auk, 29, p. 232, April 5, 1912 Corpus Christi, 

 Texas (type in coll. of L. B. Bishop, now in Field Museum) ; Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 50, 1919 Texas and Mexico (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 81, 1922 (chars.; range); Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 42, p. 535, 1925 

 Brownsville and Lometa, Texas; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 402, 

 1928 Texas to Tamaulipas (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 

 (range); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 210, 1937 (life hist.). 



Buteo lineatus (not Falco lineatus Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 25, p. 211, 1857 Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 66, 1900 part, Mexico (Orizaba, Mexico City, 

 [?]Zacatecas). 



Buteo elegans (not of Cassin) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1869, p. 364 City of Mexico. 



Range. Plains of southern Texas (San Antonio, Austin, Corpus 

 Christi, Brownsville, Lometa, etc.) and adjoining parts of Tamau- 

 lipas, Mexico; casual to central Mexico (Valley of Mexico; Orizaba, 

 Vera Cruz). 



Field Museum Collection. 16: Texas (Corpus Christi, Nueces 

 County, 16). 



1 Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop: Similar to the nominate race but differs by 

 having the breast more spotted with buffy, with the dark pectoral shaft streaks 

 more conspicuous, and the anterior upper parts more rufous. The characters of 

 this form are not very pronounced in specimens from Brownsville and San Antonio, 

 when compared to a series from Washington, D.C. A single adult from the 

 Valley of Mexico appears to belong here. 




108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



*Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway. 1 SOUTHERN RED-SHOULDERED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, "1884," p. 514, pub. 

 Feb. 25, 1885 Tampa, Florida (type in U. S. National Museum); Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 South Carolina to Florida (chars.); idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 81, 1922 (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 401, 

 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 (range); Bent, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 199, 1937 (life hist.); Oberholser, Bds. Louisiana, 

 p. 169, 1938 Louisiana. 



Range. Resident in the South Atlantic and Gulf states from 

 South Carolina west to Oklahoma and south to eastern Texas, and 

 Florida (except the southern tip). 



Field Museum Collection. 33: Louisiana (Mansura, Avoyelles 

 County, 1); Florida (Bradford County, 4; Brevard County, 1; 

 Duval County, 1; Hillsborough County, 1; Lee County, 2; Nassau 

 County, 7; Palm Beach County, 7; Pinellas County, 1; Putnam 

 County, 4; Volusia County, 4). 



*Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs. 2 FLORIDA RED-SHOULDERED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 7, p. 35, January 16, 

 1920 Cape Florida, southern end of Key Biscayne (type in Museum of 

 Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 

 1931 (range); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 208, 1937 (life hist.). 



Range. Extreme southern Florida in Monroe and Dade counties. 



Field Museum Collection. 9: Florida (Dade County, 4; Key 

 Largo, 4; Key West, 1). 



*Buteo ridgwayi (Cory). RIDGWAY'S HAWK. 



Rupornis ridgwayi Cory, Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc., 2, No. 4, p. 46, Oct., 

 1883 "Santo Domingo" (type from Samana, Dominican Republic, in 

 coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum, examined); idem, Auk, 1, 

 p. 4, 1884 San Domingo (descr.); idem, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p. 

 121, col. pis. (adult and young), 1884 Magua, Samana, and Almercen; 

 idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 196, 1889 "San Domingo" (descr.); Tristram, 



1 Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway is distinguished from B. I. lineatus by smaller 

 size, paler under parts, and decidedly ashy tone of the upper plumage. 



2 Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs: Similar to B. I. alleni in coloration but much 

 smaller. Wing (male), 275; tail, 170. 



This hawk replaces the foregoing race in the southern parts of Florida. Bent 

 found it particularly common in Monroe County and traced it as far north as 

 Lake Okeechobee. Though the "Florida Keys" were supposed to constitute 

 part of its range, no Red-shouldered Hawk appears to breed there (cf. Bent, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 208, 1937). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 109 



Cat. Coll. Tristram, pp. 61, 271, 1889 Samana; Cory, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., 

 p. 99, 1892 Haiti and San Domingo; Christy, Ibis, 1897, p. 335 Yuna 

 River (sight record); Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 357, 

 1909 Minanda; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 401, 1917 

 Laguna Flaca; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 94, 1922 (chars.; range); Bond, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 493, 1928 Massif du Nord, Haiti; 

 - Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 444, 1930 (monog.); Wetmore and Swales, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 114, 1931 Hispaniola (monog.). 



Coryornis ridgwayi Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 362, 1929 Santo Domingo City, 

 Haina and Gouade Island. 



Buleo ridgwayi Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 (range); Wetmore, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 14, 1932 Ile-a-Vache, Hispaniola; idem 

 and Lincoln, I.e., 82, art. 25, p. 21, 1933 Geffard (Haiti), Ile-a-Vache, 

 and Beata Island, Hispaniola. 



Range. Island of Hispaniola, Greater Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic 

 (Samana, Samana, 3; Magua, Seibo, 1). 



*Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. SWAINSON'S HAWK. 



Buteo Swainsoni Bonaparte, Geog. Comp. List Bds. Europe and North 

 America, p. 3, 1838 new name for "Buteo vulgaris" Audubon=FaHco 

 buteo Audubon, Bds. Amer., Folio ed., 1, pi. 372, Columbia River 1 =Fort 

 Vancouver, Washington (type evidently lost) ; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 263, 1874 (monog.); Salvin, Ibis, 

 1875, pp. 372, 377 Mas Afuera, off Chile; Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 234 

 (crit.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 540 Antioquia, 

 Colombia; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos 

 Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 59, pi. 16, 1889 Lomas de 

 Zamora and Conchitas, Buenos Aires; Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 426 

 Espartillar, Buenos Aires; idem, Ibis, 1892, p. 203 same locality (winter 

 visitor; January); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, 

 p. 68, 1900 Mexico, Guatemala (Duenas), and Costa Rica (San Jose", 

 Tucurriqui); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902 Rio 

 Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 

 Rio Sali, Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 (Rio Grande 

 do Sul, Brazil) (range); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 244, 1910 Tucuman and Buenos Aires; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 6, p. 457, 1910 Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica (April); Grant, Ibis, 1911, 

 p. 331 Luiconia and Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, 

 p. 507 Buenos Aires records; Ambrosetti, El Hornero, 1, p. 287, 1919 

 Buenos Aires (Moron, Barracas al Sud, Muniz, Quilmes, Platenos, San 

 Pedro) and Cordoba; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 42, 1919 (range); idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 70, 1922 (range); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, 

 No. 25, p. 230, 1922 Zambiza, Ecuador (Jan. 15); Giacomelli, El Hornero, 

 3, p. 77, 1923 Chacre de la Merced, La Rioja; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. 

 Publ. for 1922-23, p. 630, 1924 Buenos Aires Province; (?)Sztolcman, 



1 Cf. Audubon, Orn. Biog., 4, p. 508, 1838. 




110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 1926 Barre do Rio Bom, 

 Parana, Brazil (Dec. 22); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. Ill, 

 1926 Sierra San Xavier, above Tafi Viejo, Tucuman (April 17); Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 361, 1926 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 233, 1931 (range); Zotta, El Hornero, 4, p. 422, 1931 Argentina (food); 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 154, 1932 Guatemala; Laub- 

 mann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 294, 1934 Est. La Geraldina; Santa 

 Fe (April 20); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 

 Panama (transient); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 430, 1936 (winter range in Argentina); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 167, p. 222, 1937 (life hist.); (?)Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 70, 1938 

 Primeira Cruz, Maranhao (July); Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 116, 1938 El Salvador (spring and fall 

 transient); Pittman, Blue-Jay, Yorkton, Saskatchewan, 2, p. 27, 1944 

 (habits); van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, 

 p. 57, 1945 Sonora (distr.); Borrero, Caldasia, 3, (14), p. 411, 1945 

 Sabana de Bogota, Colombia. 



Buteo montanus Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 2nd ed., 1, p. 112, 

 1840 eastern North America (no type extant). 



Buteo bairdii (Hoy MS.) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, p. 451, Dec., 

 1853 State of Wisconsin (descr. of young; type in the Academy of 

 Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1899, p. 29). 



Buteo insignatus Cassin, 111. Bds. Calif., Texas, etc., p. 102, pi. 31, 1854 

 Canada (descr. of melanistic plumage; type in collection of Museum of 

 Natural History Society of Montreal); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 10, p. 90, 1865 (crit. note on type). 



Buteo oxypterus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 282, Feb., 1855 

 Fort Webster, New Mexico (descr. of young; type in the Academy of 

 Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1899, p. 29); Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., p. 30, pi. 15, 

 fig. 2, 1860 Fort Fillmore, New Mexico. 



Buteo fuliginosus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 356, Nov. 9, 1858 

 State of Tamaulipas, Mexico (type in Norwich Museum; descr. of melan- 

 istic plumage); idem, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 4, p. 267, pi. 62, 1858 

 Tamaulipas (fig. of type); Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., 

 pi. 15, fig. 1; Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 235 (crit.). 



(l)Buteo gutturalis Wied, Journ. Orn., 6, p. 17, 1858 prairies of the upper 

 Missouri River (type destroyed by fire). 



Buteo albonotatus (not of Kaup) (?)Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 

 9, p. 133, 1868 San Jose, Costa Rica. 



Buteo albicaudatus (not of Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1869, p. 634 Conchitas, Buenos Aires. 



Buteo pterocles (not Falco pterocles Temminck) Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 Rio 

 Gato, Entre Rios (spec, examined). 



Buteo obsoletus (not Falco obsoletus Gmelin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 184, 1874 (monog.). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 111 



Buteo (Craxirex) Swainsoni Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 

 p. 100 (monog.; plumage). 



Range. Breeds from western Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie 

 and Manitoba south to southern California and southeastern 

 Arizona; in migration through Central America and western South 

 America (scattered records from Colombia and Ecuador) to its 

 winter range in Argentina (south occasionally to the Rio Negro 1 

 and (?)Chile 2 (occasional on Mas Afuera, Juan Fernandez Islands). 3 



Field Museum Collection. 111: British Columbia (Okanagan, 1); 

 Alberta (Rosebud, 6; Many Islands Lake, 1); Saskatchewan (Maple 

 Creek, 6; Cloverley, 1); Manitoba (Winnipeg, 1); California (San 

 Bernardino County, 2; Los Angeles County, 3); Arizona (Cochise 

 County, 3; Santa Cruz County, 1); Idaho (Payette, 3); Colorado 

 (Routt County, 2; El Paso County, 1; New Castle, 4); Texas 

 (Brewster County, 1; Aransas County, 1; Corpus Christi, 2); North 

 Dakota (Eddy County, 1; Grippe County, 3; Nelson County, 11; 

 Pierce County, 1; Ramsey County, 4; Rolette County, 4; Towner 

 County, 39); Minnesota (Marshall County, 1); Iowa (Jackson 

 County, 1); Kansas (Comanche County, 1; Oberlin, 2); Florida 

 (Key West, 1); Mexico (Pesqueira, Sonora, 1; Tampico, Tamaulipas, 

 1); Costa Rica (Jimenez, Limon, 1). 



*Buteo lagopus s.-johannis (Gmelin). AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED 

 HAWK. 



Falco S. Johannis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 273, 1788 based on "St. 



John's Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 200, "in fretu Hudson's et 



nova terra" = Newfoundland. 

 Falco niger Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. vi, 1812 new name for "Black Hawk" 



Wilson, I.e., p. 82, pi. 53, fig. 1, North America (melanistic variety). 

 Buteo aler Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 4, p. 482, 1816 based 



on "Black Hawk" Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 82, pi. 53, fig. 1. 

 Archibuteo sancli johannis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 197, 1874 



(monog.). 



1 Although the locality "Patagonia" attached to two or three specimens in 

 the British Museum on a dealer's authority is altogether untrustworthy, Swainson's 

 Hawk does occasionally extend its winter migration so far south, as is proved by 

 a juvenile male, obtained on the Rio Negro in May, 1871, in the same collection. 



2 We have not seen a single Chilean specimen of Swainson's Hawk. If it 

 occurs at all in Chile, as has been claimed by Albert, it is probably but an occasional 

 visitor. The majority spend the winter in Argentina, where these birds, according 

 to local observers, at times appear in enormous flocks. 



* In addition to large series from North America we have examined specimens 

 from the following localities: Colombia: Antioquia, 1. Bolivia: Esperanza, 1 

 (May). Argentina: Los Yngleses, A jo, Buenos Aires, 5; Espartillar, Buenos Aires, 

 2 (Feb.); Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, 1 (Feb. 4); Rio Negro, Patagonia, 1. 




112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 



256, 1892 (biol.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 53, 1919 (chars.; range); 



Swarth, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 22, p. 24, 1934 Akutan Island (nesting). 

 Triorchis lagopus sancti-johannis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 88, 1922 (chars.; 



range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 424, 1928 (monog.). 

 Buleo lagopus s.-johannis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 (range); Bent, 



Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 269, 1937 (life hist.); Porsild, Canad. Field 



Nat., 57, p. 25, 1943 Mackenzie Delta (nesting); Bray, Auk, 60, p. 515, 



1943 Southampton Island (nesting); Soper, Auk, 63, p. 223, 1946 



Baffin Island (nesting). 



Range. Breeds in Arctic America from the Aleutian Islands and 

 northwestern Alaska to Baffin Island, south to central British 

 Columbia, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland; winters from 

 southern British Columbia and the northern United States to 

 California, New Mexico, Texas and North Carolina; accidental on 

 St. George Island, Pribilof Islands. 



Field Museum Collection. 50: Alaska (Bethel, 3; Iditirod, 5; 

 Hot Springs, 2); Northwest Territory (Franklin Bay, 2); British 

 Columbia (Victoria, 1); Alberta (Midnapore, 1); California (Bridge- 

 port, Mono County, 1); Montana (Gallatin County, 1); Wyoming 

 (Crook County, 1); North Dakota (Nelson County, 1; Towner 

 County, 1); Kansas (Blue Rapids, 1; Burlington, 2); Minnesota 

 (Roseau County, 2); Iowa (Audubon, 1; Burlington, 1); Wisconsin 

 (Beaver Dam, 7); Illinois (Cook County, 1; Sycamore, 1; Plane, 1; 

 Will County, 1); Indiana (Lake County, 3); Labrador (Mannak's 

 Island, 1; Curlew Harbor, 5; Indian Harbor, 1); Maine (Lincoln, 1); 

 Connecticut (Fairfield County, 1; New Haven, 1). 



Buteo lagopus kamtschatkensis Dementjew. KAMCHATKA 

 ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK. 



Buteo lagopus kamtschatkensis Dementjew, Orn. Monatsber., 39, p. 54, Mar. 4, 

 1931 mouth of Kichtschik River, Kamchatka (type in Moscow Museum). 



(T)Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis Bailey, Condor, 28, p. 123, 1926 

 Golovin Bay, Norton Sound (nesting). 



(Buteo lagopus) pallidus (not Archibuteo pallidus Menzbier) Friedmann, 

 Condor, 36, p. 246, 1934 St. Michaels, Alaska (Sept. 16, 1879); idem, 

 Auk, 55, p. 291, 1938 (com); (?)Bailey, Auk, 59, p. 305, 1942 Barrow 

 and Norton Sound, Alaska (nesting). 



Range. Kamchatka; on migration and in winter on Bering Island 

 and "Ursuriland." (?)Nesting in Alaska (Golovin Bay, Norton 

 Sound; Barrow, St. Michael's). 1 



1 Friedmann (Condor, 36, p. 246, 1934; Auk, 55, p. 291, 1938) and Bailey 

 (Auk, 59, p. 305, 1942) identify specimens from western Alaska as B. I. kamtschat- 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 113 



*Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot). 1 BROAD- WINGED 

 HAWK. 



Falco pennsylvanicus (not of Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 13, pi. 46, fig. 1, 1812) 

 Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 92, pi. 54, fig. 1, 1812 near the Schuylkill 

 River, Pennsylvania (type in coll. o,f R. T. Peale, now in the Academy 

 of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1899, p. 11). 



Sparvius platypterus Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth. Orn., livr. 93, p. 1273, 1823 

 based on Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, pi. 54, fig. 1. 



Falco Wilsonii Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 3, p. 348, April, 1824 

 new name for Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 92, 1812. 



Falco latissimus Bonaparte, 2 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 3, p. 348 (foot- 

 note), April, 1824 substitute name for Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson, 

 p. 92; Ord, Wilson's Amer. Orn., 2nd ed., 6, p. 92, 1824 (dated "1812," 

 but see Faxen, Auk, 18, p. 217, 1901). 



Buteo pennsylvanicus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 261, 1857 Rio 

 Javarri, Brazil; idem, I.e., 26, p. 451, 1858 Gualaquiza, Ecuador; idem, 

 I.e., 28, p. 71, 1860 Pallatanga, Ecuador; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1873, 

 p. 302 Chamicuros, Peru; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 259, 1874 (monog.; excl. of Cuba); Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 540 Concordia, Envigada, and 

 Santa Elena, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 177 Minca, 

 Colombia; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 47 Huambo, 

 Peru; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; 

 Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 113, 1884 Peru (Huambo, Chamicuros); 

 idem and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 110 San Rafael, 

 Ecuador; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, I.e., 1902, (2), p. 42 Maraynioc, 

 Junfn, Peru. 



Buteo latissimus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 193, 1874 Quebec, 

 Ohio (Poland), Venezuela (Caracas), Peru (Chamicuros) and Panama; 

 Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501, 1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Bangs, Proc. 

 Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 132, 1898 Santa Marta, Colombia; Allen, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 Bonda, Valparaiso and Santa Marta, 

 Colombia; idem, Auk, 17, p. 364, 1900 Santa Marta localities; Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 69, 1900 Mexico to Panama; 

 Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 221 Archidona and Guacamayo Range beyond 

 Baeza, Ecuador; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90, 1907 Rio Javarri, 

 Brazil; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 131, 1914 (listed). 



kensis but admit that the examples studied are not typical. At best Alaskan birds 

 would seem to be only intermediates. 



1 Doubtfully applicable to the Broad-Winged Hawk is Falco fuscus Miller 

 (Var. Subj. Nat. Hist., Part 3, pi. 18, 1777 name not on plate, but on explanatory 

 sheet to Part 3, with the caption "hab. in Greenlandis" ; Shaw, in Miller, Cimelia 

 Phys., p. 35, pi. 18, 1796 "native of North America"). The rather poor figure 

 looks somewhat like B. platypterus but shows a red dark-banded tail. On Miller's 

 plate is also based Falco cinerascens Bechstein, Latham's Allg. Ubers. Vogel, 4, 

 (1), p. 36, 1811. 



2 Falco latissimus, as published by Ord (in Guthrie, New Geog. Hist, and 

 Commercial Grammar, 2nd Amer. ed., 2, p. 315, 1815) is a nomen nudum. 




114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo (Craxirex) pennsylvanicus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 

 p. 116 (monog.; excl. of Cuba). 



Buteo platypterus Faxon, Auk, 18, p. 218, 1901 (nomencl.); Bangs, Proc. New 

 Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 20, 1902 Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; 

 Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 Patulul, 

 Guatemala; Ferry, I.e., p. 259, 1910 Coliblanco and Puerto Limon, Costa 

 Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 Colombia 

 (Juntas de Tamane, Dec. 19; Puerto Valdivia; La Frijolera; San Antonio, 

 Jan. 14-Feb. 16; El Roble, Nov. 10; Salento, Oct. 31-Nov. 6; Santa 

 Elena; Rio Toche, Oct. 23, 25; Fusugasuga, Apr. 13; Villavicencio, Mar. 9); 

 Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 40, 1922 Ecuador (Pi- 

 chincha, Dec.; road to Mindo, Mar.; Gualea, Dec., Feb., July 10(1); 

 Zambia, Nov.; Alaguinche, Mar.; Sincholagua, June 16[!]; Pomasqui, 

 Aug. ![!]; Rio Guaillabamba, Dec.). 



Buteo platypterus platypterus Riley, Auk, 25, p. 269, 1908 (syn. excl. of Cuban 

 and Puerto Rican records); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 458, 

 1910 Costa Rica (migratory visitor); Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 150, 

 162, 170, 1911 (plumages; syn.; life hist.; range, excl. of Cuba); Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 50, 1919 (range in part); idem, Auk, 38, p. 360, 1921 

 Valle, Escorial, Culata, Conejos, and Nevados (Aug. 14-March 15), 

 Merida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 82, 1922 (range); Todd and 

 Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 150, 1922 La Conception, Bonda, 

 Cinto, Valparaiso, Mamatoco, Pueblo Viejo, Colombia (winter visitant, 

 Oct. 12 -Apr. 10); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 230, 1926 

 Ecuador (below Chambo; Naranjo, Dec.; Bucay, Dec.; below Oyacachi, 

 Jan.-Feb.; above Baeza, Feb. 13; Rio Suno, Feb. 11); Kennard and 

 Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 449, 1928 Almirante, Panama 

 (Feb. 26); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 403, 1928 (monog.); Zimmer, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 246, 1930 Rio Colorado, Peru; 

 Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 107, 1930 Urucum, Matto 

 Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 (range); idem, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 71, p. 311, 1931 Almirante Bay, Panama; Griscom, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 155, 1932 Secanquim and Barillos, Guatemala; 

 Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 212, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua; 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Panama (visitor); 

 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 236, 1937 (life hist.); Pinto, Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., 23, p. 505, 1938 Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro, Brazil (Dec.); 

 Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. Ill, 

 1938 El Salvador (migratory visitor); Philippi B., Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. 

 Nat. Santiago, 21, p. 74, 1943 Chile (3 records); Borrero, Caldasia, 3, 

 (14), p. 411, 1945 Sabana de Bogota, Colombia. 



Buteo platypterus iowensis Bailey, Auk, 34, p. 73, Jan., 1917 Eagle Lake, 

 Hancock County, Iowa (type in Coe College Museum, Cedar Rapids, 

 Iowa); Oberholser, I.e., 35, p. 478, 1918 (crit.; melanism). 



Range. Breeds from Alberta, Ontario, southern Quebec and 

 Cape Breton Island south to Texas, the Gulf states and Florida, 

 west to the eastern edge of the Great Plains; winters from southern 

 Illinois and New Jersey to Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, southern 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 115 



Peru (Huambo; Chamicuros; Pozuzo, Huanuco; Rio Colorado, 

 Chanchamayo, and Maraynioc, Junfn; Santa Domingo; Carabaya, 

 Puno) and Brazil (Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro; Urucum, Matto Grosso). 

 Also recorded from Chile (3 records). 



Field Museum Collection. 107: Alberta (Migualen Lake, Ed- 

 monton, 1); North Dakota (Griggs County, 1; Nelson County, 2; 

 Ramsey County, 2; Towner County, 1); Minnesota (Parker's 

 Prairie, Otter Tail County, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 2; Amity, 1); 

 Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 4); Illinois (Lake Forest, 1; Chicago, 1; 

 Joliet, 2; Henry, 2); Indiana (Bluffton, 1); Maine (Calais, 1; Oxford 

 County, 1); New Hampshire (unspecified, 1); Connecticut (Warren, 

 3; Hadden, 1; Middlefield, 2; New Haven County, 10; Black Hall, 1; 

 Fairfield County, 2) ; New Jersey (Patterson, 10) ; Georgia (Roswell, 

 3); Florida (Key West, 3); Mexico (Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 1); 

 Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 5; Bobos, Izabal, 1; Volcan Tajamulco, 

 San Marcos, 2; Mount Cacaguatique, Morazan, 1); Nicaragua 

 (Matagalpa, 1); Costa Rica (Coliblanco, Cartago, 1; Puerto Limon, 

 Limon, 1; Limon, Lim6n, 2); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui, 1; Port 

 Obaldia, Darien, 2); Colombia, Cauca (El Tambo, Munchique, 11; 

 San Antonio, 2; La Costa, 2); Venezuela (Valle, Merida, 2; Monte 

 Sierra, Merida, 1); Ecuador (Paramba, 3; Huigra, Chimborazo, 1; 

 Anagumba, Pichincha, 1; Piganta, Pichincha, 1; Llanganate, Tun- 

 guragua, 1; Quinchicoto, Tunguragua, 1); Peru (Tozuco, 1; Chan- 

 chamayo, Junin, 2). 



*Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns. 1 CUBAN BROAD-WINGED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, (=n.s. t 18), p. 148 (in 

 text), Nov., 1911 Cuba (type not designated); Todd, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 10, p. 193, 1916 Los Tres Hermanos Mountains, Isle of Pines 

 (sight record); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 part, Cuba and Isle 

 of Pines; Bond, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 13, p. 1, 1939 (probably 

 a valid race). 



1 Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns: Very similar to the nominate race, but 

 somewhat smaller; edges to feathers of crown and nape more extensive as well 

 as brighter rufous; the tibial feathers generally more strongly marked. Wing, 

 255, (females) 265-275; tail, 155, (female) 160-170. 



No grayish "phase" so common in typical platypterus appears to occur in 

 Cuba. Two adults from Cuba come pretty near to B. p. anlillarum, having the 

 rufous edging to crown and nape feathers just as conspicuous, but have the longi- 

 tudinal stripes on foreneck and chest less rufous, more of a cinnamon brown to 

 Prout's brown. Young birds are indistinguishable from B. p. rivieri of Dominica 

 in coloration, but slightly larger. 



Additional material examined. Cuba: Bemba, 1; Banes Bay, 1; San Cristobal, 

 2. 




116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo latissimus (not Falco laiissimus Bonaparte) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 19, 

 pi. 3, fig. 2, 1850 Cuba; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 40, 1887 part, Cuba; idem, 

 Bds. W. Ind., p. 198, 1889 part, Cuba; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 

 1892 part, Cuba. 



Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Gundlach, Journ. 

 Orn., 2, "1854," Erinn., p. Ixxxii, 1855 Cuba; Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., 7, p. 306, 1860 Cuba; Gundlach, in Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat. 

 Cuba, 1, p. 223, 1865 Cuba (resident); idem, Journ. Orn., 19, p. 366, 

 1871 Cuba. 



Buteo platypterus platypterus (not Sparvius platypterus Vieillot) Riley, Auk, 

 25, p. 269, 1908 part, Cuba (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 82, 1922 

 part, Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 46, 1923 Cuba. 



Range. Island of Cuba (?and Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles. 

 Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Los Palacios, 2). 



Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth and Smyth. 1 PUERTO 

 RICAN BROAD-WINGED HAWK. 



Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth and Smyth, Journ. Agric. Univ. 

 Puerto Rico, 19, No. 4, "October," p. 485, pub. Dec., 1935 El Yunque 

 Mountain, Puerto Rico (type in coll. of S. T. Danforth). 



Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Gundlach, Journ. 

 Orn., 22, p. 310, 1874 Puerto Rico; idem, I.e., 26, pp. 158, 163,1878 

 Puerto Rico; idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 160, 1878 Puerto 

 Rico; Stahl, Ornis, 3, p. 450, 1887 Puerto Rico (rare in the mountains). 



Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Auk, 4, p. 40, 1887 

 part, Puerto Rico; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 198, 1887 part, Puerto Rico; 

 idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Puerto Rico. 



Buteo platypterus platypterus (not Sparvius platypterus Vieillot) Riley, Auk, 

 25, p. 269, 1908 part, Puerto Rico; Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, p. 162, 

 1911 part, Puerto Rico; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 32, 

 1916 Utuado, Puerto Rico; idem, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin 

 Islands, 9, p. 322, 1927 Puerto Rico. 



Buteo platypterus Peters, Auk, 47, p. 563, 1930 El Yunque, Puerto Rico 

 (seen). 



Range. Island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles. 2 



1 Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth and Smyth is stated to be darker 

 than any other known form of Broad-wing, being smaller than platypterus, larger 

 than insulicola or rivierei. Wing, (adult female) 264.5; tail, 159 mm. 



The unique type needs comparison with the Cuban form, a matter which 

 the describer was unable to effectuate. 



2 It is quite possible that the single immature Broad-wing secured near San- 

 tiago, Dominican Republic, Island of Hispaniola (as recorded by Wetmore and 

 Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 113, 1931) might be referable to B. p. 

 brunnescens. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 117 



*Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley. 1 ANTIGUAN BROAD-WINGED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley, Auk, 25, p. 273, July, 1908 Antigua 

 (type in U. S. National Museum); Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 159, 169, 

 196, 1911 Antigua (chars.; synon.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 50, 

 1919 Antigua; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 405, 1928 Antigua; 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 Antigua; Danforth, Auk, 51, p. 357, 

 1934 Antigua. 



Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 1, p. 236, 1878 Antigua. 



Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Auk, 8, p. 47, 1891 

 Antigua (crit.); idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Antigua. 



Buteo platypterus (not Sparvius platypterus Vieillot) Riley, Smiths. Misc. 

 Coll., 47, p. 282, 1904 Antigua (crit.). 



Range. Island of Antigua, Lesser Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 11: Lesser Antilles (Antigua, 11). 



*Buteo platypterus rivierei A. H. Verrill. 2 DOMINICAN BROAD- 

 WINGED HAWK. 



Buteo (latissimus) rivierei A. H. Verrill, Descriptions of three new species of 

 birds from Dominica, B.W.I., unpaged pamphlet, no date=Oct. 24, 1905 

 Dominica (cotypes in coll. of L. B. Bishop now in Field Museum of Natural 

 History; cf. Burns, Wilson Bull., n.s., 18, p. 158, 1911). 



Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 1, p. 65, 1878 Dominica; Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, 

 p. 169, 1880 Santa Lucia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 326 

 Dominica; idem, I.e., p. 395 Santa Lucia. 



Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Auk, 4, p. 96, 1887 

 Martinique; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Dominica, 



1 Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley: About the same size as the other Lesser 

 Antillean races, but quite dissimilar in coloration, being much closer to typical 

 platypterus, though the lighter brown dorsal surface and the much paler, dull 

 rufescent tone of the brown markings underneath serve to distinguish it. Wing, 

 237, (female) 255; tail, 135, (female) 145. 



Two additional adults from Antigua in the British Museum examined. 



2 Buteo platypterus rivierei A. H. Verrill is very doubtfully separable from 

 B. p. antillarum. An adult from Santa Lucia is indistinguishable from the most 

 rufous colored individual of antillarum as described below. Two others, an adult 

 male from Dominica and another from Santa Lucia, however, are not nearly so 

 rufous on chest and sides of head and more nearly resemble certain individuals 

 of platypterus though they are smaller and have still more rufous suffusion on chest, 

 sides of head and crown. Wing, 240-253, (female) 260; tail, 145-150, (female) 

 160-168. 



Additional material examined. Dominica, 2; Santa Lucia, 2. C.E.H. 

 Eight adults from Dominica (the type series) are much darker and more rufous 

 below than the specimens of insulicola and antillarum in the Museum's collection. 



B.C. 




118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Martinique and Santa Lucia; G. E. Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 8, 

 p. 325, 1892 Bass-en-ville, Dominica. 



Buteo rivieri A. H. Verrill, Addition(s) to the Avifauna of Dominica, unpaged 

 pamphlet, no date=Oct. 24, 1905 Dominica. 



Buteo platypterus rivierei Riley, Auk, 25, p. 272, 1908 Dominica (crit.); 

 Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 158, 168, 196, 1911 Dominica (char.; 

 synon.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 50, 1919 Dominica (chars.); Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 Dominica to Santa Lucia; Danforth, Monog. 

 Univ. Puerto Rico, Ser. B., No. 3, p. 23, 1935 Santa Lucia. 



Buteo platypterus antillarum (not of Clark) Riley, Auk, 25, p. 271, 1908 

 part, Martinique and Santa Lucia; Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 157, 168, 

 196, 1911 part, Martinique and Santa Lucia; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 82, 

 1922 part, Santa Lucia and Dominica; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 405, 1928 part, Santa Lucia and Dominica; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 80, p. 527, 1928 part, Santa Lucia. 



Range. Islands of Dominica, Martinique, and Santa Lucia, 

 Lesser Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 18: Lesser Antilles (Dominica, 16; 1 

 Martinique, 1; Santa Lucia, 1). 



*Buteo platypterus antillarum Clark. 2 ANTILLEAN BROAD- 

 WINGED HAWK. 



Buteo antillarum Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 62, Feb. 21, 1905 

 Chateau Belair, St. Vincent (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 189, 1930); idem, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, 

 p. 241, 1905 St. Vincent. 



Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 1, p. 194, 1878 St. Vincent; idem, I.e., 1, pp. 273, 278, 1879 

 Grenada and Grenadines; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 43 St. Vincent; Wells, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 622, 1887 Grenada (nest and eggs descr.). 



Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473 

 St. Vincent; Feilden, Ibis, 1889, p. 489 Barbados (extinct); Cory, Cat. 



1 A series of thirteen cotypes used by Verrill in describing this race is now 

 in the Bishop Collection in Field Museum. A male bearing the Field Museum 

 number 124175 (Bishop number 12006), taken on Dominica on October 14, 

 1904, may be considered the lectotype. 



2 Buteo platypterus antillarum Clark: Differs fromB. p. platypterus by decidedly 

 smaller size and more rufous general coloration; brighter rufous edges to the 

 feathers of the dorsal plumage, especially about the hindneck and upper back; 

 brighter markings underneath; deeper ochraceous-buff tibial feathers, more densely 

 barred with brighter rufous. Wing, 245-250, (female) 265-275; tail, 145-160. 



Some specimens are remarkable for their rufous coloring. The edges to the 

 feathers of the pileum, upper back, scapulars and wing coverts are bright tawny; 

 the sides of head and neck are even deeper, between tawny and russet; the markings 

 on lower breast and belly are very nearly russet, etc. Such individuals look very 

 different from platypterus, but other specimens are not nearly so extremely colored. 



Additional material examined. St. Vincent, 5; Grenada, 2. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 119 



W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, St. Vincent, Grenadines (Bequia, "Cano- 

 nan," Carriacou), and Barbados; idem, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893 Tobago. 



Buteo platypterus antillarum Riley, Auk, 25, p. 271, 1908 part, St. Vincent, 

 Grenadines, Tobago and Grenada; Burns, Wilson Bull., n.s., 18, pp. 157, 

 168, 196, 1911 part, Barbados, St. Vincent, Grenadines (Bequia, Musti- 

 que, Cannuan, Carriacou), Tobago and Grenada (chars.; synon.); Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 50, 1919 part, St. Vincent and Grenada (chars.); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 82, 1922 part, St. Vincent and Grenada; idem, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 405, 1928 part, St. Vincent and Grenada; 

 Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 527, 1928 part, St. Vincent; 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 St. Vincent, Grenadines, and Grenada. 



Range. Islands of St. Vincent, the larger Grenadines, Grenada 

 and Tobago; 1 formerly also Barbados, Lesser Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 12: Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent, 5; 

 Grenada, 4; Tobago, 3). 



*Buteo magnirostris griseocauda (Ridgway). MEXICAN LARGE- 

 BILLED HAWK. 



[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris} var. griseocauda Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., 16, pp. 87, 88, Dec., 1873 "Mexico, from the Atlantic to the 

 Pacific . . ." (cotypes, from Rio Seco and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, in coll. 

 of the Boston Society of Natural History, now in Museum of Compara- 

 tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, 

 p. 190, 1930). 



Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 24, p. 285, 1856 near C6rdoba, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27, 

 p. 368, 1859 vicinity of Jalapa; idem, I.e., 1864, p. 178 vicinity of 

 Mexico City. 



Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 133 

 part, Mexico (Cordoba, Jalapa, Mexico City); iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 175, 

 1869 part, southern Mexico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205, 

 1874 part, southern Mexico; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 

 426 Acapulco, Guerrero. 



Rupornis magnirostris var. griseocauda Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, 

 p. 39, 1874 Chihuitan, Almoloya (near Barrio), and Santa Efigenia, 

 Oaxaca. 



1 A single adult bird from Tobago I am unable to refer to any described race. 

 Compared to antillarum, it is about the same size, but differs markedly in colora- 

 tion. On hindneck and sides of neck there are just slight traces of cinnamomeous 

 edgings while the foreneck and chest are much duller and more grayish (about 

 light drab or wood brown). Wing, 260; tail, 160. 



This form was recorded by Cory (Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893) under the name 

 latissimus. Specimens from Tobago were also discussed under the name Buteo 

 platypterus antillarum by Riley (Auk, 25, p. 272, 1908) and Burns (Wilson Bull., 

 n.s., 18, p. 197, 1911). C.E.H. 



The three specimens from Tobago in Field Museum resemble the St. Vincent 

 birds. B.C. 




120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Asturina magnirostris var. griseocauda Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 

 1881 Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. 



Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, 

 p. 167, 1886 Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Richmond, I.e., 18, p. 628, 1896 Alta 

 Mira, Tamaulipas; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 

 473, 1927 Presidio, Vera Cruz; Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng. 

 Zool. Cl., 11, p. 44, 1929 southern Mexico (crit.). 



Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 

 1900 part, Tamaulipas (Aldama, Tampico, Alta Mira), Colima (Taco- 

 lapa), Vera Cruz (Colipa, Vega del Casadero, Alvarado, Coatepec, Hua- 

 tusco, Hacienda Tortugas, Plan del Rio, Rio Rancho Nuevo, Santana, 

 San Lorenzo, Cordoba, Jalapa), Mexico (City of Mexico), Guerrero 

 (Acapulco), Oaxaca (Chihuitan, Almoloya, Santa Efigenia), Chiapas 

 (Tuxtla, Tonala), and Tabasco (Teapa). 



Rupornis griseicauda Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Alta Mira, Caballeros, 

 Rio Cruz, and Santa Leonor, Tamaulipas. 



Rupornis magnirostris griseicauda Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, 

 Mexico; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 part, Mexico; idem, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930 part, Mexico. 



Buteo magnirostris griseocauda Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 (range); 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 373, 1934 Coyuca, Guerrero; 

 Sutton and Pettingill, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 16, 

 p. 276, 1943 Linares, Nuevo Leon. 



Buteo magnirostris xantusi van Rossem, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 4, p. 440, 

 Oct., 1939 Rio Armenia, Colima, Mexico (type, an immature, in U. S. 

 National Museum). 



Buteo magnirostris petersi Brodkorb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., 

 425, p. 2, Nov. 30, 1940 above Arriaga, Chiapas, Mexico, altitude 

 100 meters (type in Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan). 



Range. Eastern and southern Mexico from Nuevo Leon, 

 Tamaulipas and Colima south to Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Chiapas. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Mexico (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 5; 

 Altamira, Tamaulipas, 1; La Mesa, Tamaulipas, 1; State of Vera 

 Cruz, 1). 



1 Birds from Tabasco (Teapa) and Chiapas (Tonala, Tuxtla) are exactly like 

 topotypical Oaxaca specimens. All of the adult specimens of this form indeed 

 have the light-colored tail-bands grayish brown without trace of rufous, though 

 the three outer tail feathers always show, at the base of the outer webs, a varying 

 amount of bright coloring that ranges in tone from buff to tawny. One male 

 from Jalapa has so much tawny that it cannot be distinguished from certain 

 Guatemalan specimens (e.g. Savannah Grande), while one from Plan del Rio 

 with even more rufous on the lateral rectrices is matched by one from Escuintla. 



Additional material examined. Guerrero: Acapulco, 1. Colima: Tacolapa, 

 1. Tamaulipas: Tampico, 6. Vera Cruz: Jalapa, 1; Plan del Rio, Jalapa, 2; 

 Colipa, 1; Vega del Casadero, 1; Alvarado, 1. Oaxaca: Tehuantepec, 5. Tabasco: 

 Teapa, 2. Chiapas: Tonala, 3; Tuxtla, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 121 



*Buteo magnirostris conspectus (Peters). 1 YUCATAN LARGE- 

 BILLED HAWK. 



Rupornis magnirostris conspecta Peters, Auk, 30, No. 3, p. 370, July 3, 1913 

 San Ignacio, Yucatan (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- 

 bridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919 Yucatan (chars.); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 Yucatan Peninsula (except southern Cam- 

 peche) and British Honduras (chars.); Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, 

 p. 12, 1926 eastern Quintana Roo; Peters and Griscom, Proc. New 

 Eng. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 45, 1929 (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 

 440, 1930 (monog.). 



Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. 

 Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 207, 1869 Me>ida, Yucatan. 



Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1883, p. 456 Yucatan; Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 374 part, Meco Island; 

 Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 204 south of Izamal, Yucatan. 



Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 

 1900 part, northern Campeche, Yucatan (Peto, Chabl6, Tabi, Merida, 

 Izamal, Meco Island), and British Honduras (Orange Walk). 



Rupornis ruficauda griseicauda (not of Ridgway) Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 50, p. 121, 1906 San Ignacio, Yucatan. 



Buteo magnirostris conspectus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 (range); 

 Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 203, 1941 Chichen 

 Itza, Yucatan. 



Range. Yucatan Peninsula (including Meco Island but not 

 southern Campeche) and northern British Honduras. 



Field Museum Collection. 14: Mexico, Yucatan (San Felipe, 1; 

 Rio Lagartos, 1; Chable, 1; Chichen Itza, 7; unspecified, 2); British 

 Honduras (22 mile station, Stann Creek Railroad, 1; Middlesex, 1). 



*Buteo magnirostris gracilis (Ridgway). 2 COZUMEL LARGE- 

 BILLED HAWK. 



Rupornis gracilis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 94, May 20, 1885 

 Cozumel Island (type in U. S. National Museum). 



1 Buteo magnirostris conspectus (Peters) : Very close to, and agreeing in colora- 

 tion of tail with B. m. griseocauda, but distinguished by slightly smaller size and 

 decidedly paler, more grayish upper parts. The breast, as a rule, is paler, more 

 grayish, and less variegated with buffy, while the barring on the belly is of a lighter 

 rufescent. The single adult from Meco Island is quite typical, being very clear 

 mouse gray above, like a male from Chable", and even paler on the chest. An 

 adult female from northern Yucatan and an adult male from Orange Walk, Belize, 

 closely approach griseocauda in hair brown coloring of upper parts, foreneck, and 

 chest. Wing, 215-227 mm. 



Additional material examined. Yucatan: Tabi, 1; Chable", 1; Peto, 2; northern 

 Yucatan, 3; Meco Island, 2. British Honduras: Orange Walk, Belize, 1. 



z Buteo magnirostris gracilis (Ridgway) : Nearest to B. m. conspectus, but upper 

 parts darker and browner, and distinguished from both conspectus and griseo- 

 cauda by lacking the solid grayish brown prepectoral area, the feathers of this region 




122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Rupornis magnirostris gradlis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 578, 

 Oct. 19, 1885 Cozumel (full descr.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 

 1919 Cozumel (chars.) ; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 Cozumel (chars.); 

 Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 236, p. 8, 1926 Cozumel; Peters and Gris- 

 com, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 11, p. 45, 1929 (crit.); Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930 Cozumel (monog.). 



Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 193 

 Cozumel; idem, I.e., 1889, p. 374 part, Cozumel and Holbox Islands. 



Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 

 1900 part, Cozumel and Holbox Islands. 



Buieo magnirostris gradlis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 (range). 



Range. Cozumel and Holbox Islands, off Yucatan. 



Field Museum Collection. 1 : Mexico (Cozumel Island off Yuca- 

 tan, 1). 



*Buteo magnirostris sinus-honduri Bond. 1 BONACCA LARGE- 

 BILLED HAWK. 



Buteo magnirostris sinus-honduri Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88, 

 p. 355, Aug. 14, 1936 Bonacca Island, Spanish Honduras (type in the 

 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia). 



Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 374 

 part, islands of Bonacca and Ruatan. 



Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 

 1900 part, islands of Bonacca and Ruatan. 



Range. Islands of Bonacca and Ruatan, off Honduras. 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Honduras (Ruatan, Bay Islands, 1). 



having a broad central stripe of dark brown broadly margined with white or buff 

 on either side. This pattern produces a streaked appearance recalling the juvenile 

 plumage of the allied races. The tail-bands in this race are constantly pure grayish 

 brown; only the outer web of the lateral rectrices is buff to tawny at the extreme 

 base. A single adult collected by Gaumer in December 1885, on Holbox Island, 

 with a wing of 218 mm., cannot be distinguished from Cozumel birds, for it is 

 equally dark brown above, and the breast is streaked with dusky and buff. Wing, 

 200-222, one female, 230 mm. 



Fifteen specimens from Cozumel and one from Holbox examined. 



1 Buteo magnirostris sinus-honduri Bond: Similar to B. m. gradlis, but buffy 

 base to lateral rectrices more restricted, sometimes even altogether wanting; 

 upper parts much darker brown, very nearly bister; the breast again predomi- 

 nantly dark brown (deep hair brown), forming a conspicuous solid dusky area re- 

 lieved by comparatively few buffy markings; barring of breast broader and darker 

 on a deeper buff ground; tibial feathers very dark, approaching ochraceous- 

 tawny, and strongly barred. Only one specimen resembles gradlis in streaked 

 prepectoral area, though the central stripes are very much darker brown. Ruatan 

 birds are exactly like those from Bonacca. Wing measurements: Ruatan: 218, 

 220, 220, 228, 235. Bonacca: 220, 230, 240. 



Five adults from Ruatan and three from Bonacca in the British Museum 

 examined. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 123 



*Buteo magnirostris direptor (Peters and Griscom). 1 GUATE- 

 MALAN LARGE-BILLED HAWK. 



Rupornis magnirostris direptor Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool. 

 CL, 11, p. 46, Aug. 30, 1929 Finca El Cipres, near Mazatenango, Guate- 

 mala (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); 

 Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 156, 1932 Guatemala (Puebla; 

 Hacienda Carolina; Hacienda California; Finca El Cipres; Virginia Planta- 

 tion, near Puerto Barrios; Ocos). 



Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Sclater and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, p. 217 Guatemala. 



Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1869, p. 133 

 part, Guatemala; iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 175, pi. 88, left fig., 1869 part, 

 Guatemala (Zacapa, Pacific coast region, Rio Polochic, Choctum, Pete'n). 



Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 

 1900 Guatemala (Santa Toribio, Pete'n; Teleman, Polochic Valley; 

 Chimalapa, Motagua; Savanna Grande; Escuintla road from San Antonio 

 to Paramos; Sierra de las Minas) and Salvador (La Libertad). 



Rupornis ruficauda griseocauda (not of Ridgway) Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 Los Amates and San Jose", Guatemala. 



Rupornis magnirostris griseicauda Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, 

 Guatemala; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 part, Guatemala; idem, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930 part, Guatemala. 



Buteo magnirostris direptor Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 Guatemala 

 to Salvador and southwestern British Honduras; Van Tyne, Misc. Publ., 

 Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Chuntuquf, Pacam6n, and Flores, 

 Pet6n, Guatemala; Carriker and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 87, p. 415, 1935 Quirigua, Guatemala; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 203, 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche, Mexico. 



Range. Southern Campeche 2 south through Guatemala to El 

 Salvador and east to southwestern British Honduras. 



1 Buteo magnirostris direptor (Peters and Griscom) is just separable from 

 griseocauda by having the base of the outer web of the three lateral rectrices more 

 extensively as well as more deeply tawny, and at least traces of tawny in the gray 

 transverse bands of the other rectrices. The most rufous "extreme" is a Teleman 

 bird with the rufous predominating over the gray in the light interspaces, while 

 the most grayish tail is possessed by an adult male from Savanna Grande, which 

 has no trace of reddish whatever in the gray bands, and no more buffy-ochraceous 

 on the lateral rectrices than certain individuals from Jalapa. The other specimens 

 are intermediate between these stages. Two adults from Salvador agree well 

 with the Guatemalan average. The Teleman bird has the bars on the abdomen 

 much brighter rufous than the other Guatemalan skins, but is closely matched 

 by one from Alvarado, Vera Cruz. 



Additional adults examined. Guatemala: Santo Toribio, Pete'n, 1; Chimalapa, 

 1; Teleman, Polochic River, 1; Savanna Grande, 2; Escuintla, 1; Sierra de las 

 Minas, 1. El Salvador: La Libertad, 2. C.E.H. 



2 Six specimens from Campeche appear to agree more closely with Guatemalan 

 birds than with those from Yucatan or northern Mexico. Their upper parts are 

 darker than examples of conspectus and the lateral rectrices are more rufous than 

 in griseocauda. B.C. 




124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 24: Mexico (Pacaitun, Campeche, 6); 

 Guatemala (San Jose", Escuintla, 1; Conception del Mar, Escuintla, 

 1; Tiquisate, Escuintla, 1; Los Amates, Izabal, 3; Bobos, Izabal, 5); 

 El Salvador (Laguna Olomega, San Miguel, 3; Hacienda Zapotitan, 

 La Libertad, 2; San Sebastian, La Paz, 2). 



*Buteo magnirostris argutus (Peters and Griscom). 1 NICARAGUAN 

 LARGE-BILLED HAWK. 



Rupornis magnirostris arguta Peters arid Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 

 11, p. 46, Aug. 30, 1929 Almirante, northwestern Panama (type in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Peters, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 417, 1929 Tela, Honduras; idem, I.e., 71, 

 p. 311, 1931 Almirante, Western River, Changuinola, Shepherd Island, 

 and Cricamola, Panama; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 212, 

 1932 Prinzapolka, Nicaragua; Stone, I.e., p. 299, 1932 Cantarranas, 

 Tela, and Puerto Castilla, Honduras. 



Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Moore, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 27, p. 52, 1839 Omoa, Honduras; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 225 

 east of Comayagua, Honduras; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 

 9, p. 134, 1868 Juan, San Jose, and Turrialba, Costa Rica; Frantzius, 

 Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 highlands of Costa Rica. 



Asturina ruficauda Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 317 Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Exot. Orn., p. 175, 1869 part, Costa Rica; iidem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1870, p. 838 San Pedro, Honduras. 



Rupornis ruficauda Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 403, 1883 La 

 Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 6, p. 377, 1883 San Juan del 

 Sur, Pacific Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 6, pp. 388, 395, 1884 Sucuya and 

 Island of Ometepe, Nicaragua; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, 

 p. 126, 1887 Liberia, San Mateo, and La Palma de San Jos6, Costa Rica; 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, pp. 583, 593, 1887 Trujillo and 

 Segovia River, Honduras; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 San JosS (rare) 

 and down to the Pacific coast, Costa Rica; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 16, p. 521, 1893 Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 1900 part, Honduras (Omoa, San 



l Buteo magnirostris argutus (Peters and Griscom) is a very poor race, hardly 

 deserving recognition. It agrees with Guatemalan birds in tail markings (light 

 bands grayish brown, outwardly and along edges washed with tawny; lateral 

 rectrices extensively tinged with rufous on basal portion), but the upper parts 

 perhaps slightly paler, with a grayish cast; the pileum sometimes decidedly 

 grayish and somewhat contrasting with the more brownish back; breast possibly 

 less flammulated with buffy or cinnamon. It may be termed a pretty variable 

 intergrade to the more grayish-backed form with wholly tawny tail-bands of 

 southwestern Costa Rica and eastern Panama. Two birds from San Pedro, 

 Honduras, and one from near Puerto Limon, Costa Rica, have purely gray brown 

 tail-bands and are barely distinguishable from the Savanna Grande specimen 

 mentioned under B. m. direptor. 



Additional material examined. Honduras: San Pedro, 2. Nicaragua: Chinan- 

 dega, 3; Rio Escondido, 2. Costa Rica: Irazu, 1; Bebedero, Guanacaste, 10; 

 twenty-eight miles from Puerto Lim6n, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 125 



Pedro, Truxillo, Segovia River), Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; Carriker, 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 459, 1910 Costa Rica (part, excl. of T6rraba 

 Valley localities); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Sipurio 

 (Talamanca), Costa Rica, and Zapatera, Nicaragua. 



Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919 part, 

 Nicaragua and Costa Rica; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 (in part); 

 Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. f 38, p. 449, 1928 Almirante 

 and Chiriquicito, Panama; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930 

 Nicaragua. 



Buteo magnirostris argutus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 (range); Griscom, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Caribbean slope of western 

 Panama. 



Range. Central America from Honduras south on the Caribbean 

 slope to the Chiriqui lagoon region of Panama, and on the Pacific 

 slope to northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste). 



Field Museum Collection. 5: Honduras (San Jose*, Santa Barbara, 

 1; Monte Redondo, Tegucigalpa, 1; Las Flores, Tegucigalpa, 1); 

 Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega, 1; San Emilio, Lake Nica- 

 ragua, Rivas, 1). 



*Buteo magnirostris petulans van Rossem. 1 PANAMA LARGE- 

 BILLED HAWK. 



Asturina ruficauda (not Accipiter ruficaudus Vieillot, 1807) 2 Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 133 part, Veraguas, David (Chiriqui), 

 and Panama (orig. descr.; type, from Lion Hill, Panama Railroad, in 

 British Museum, examined); 3 iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 175, pi. 90 (right 

 fig.), Apr. 1869 part, Veragua and Panama; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1870, p. 215 CaloveVora, Veragua, and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Sharpe, 

 Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205, 1874 part, spec, a, Chiriqui. 



1 Buteo magnirostris petulans van Rossem may be recognized from the related 

 races by having the tail-bands wholly tawny (only sometimes slightly tinged with 

 grayish towards the edges). Compared to B. m. argutus, the upper parts are 

 lighter, more grayish, and the chest is more uniformly brownish gray. Birds 

 from southwestern Costa Rica (Te>raba Valley and Golfo Dulce) are quite identical 

 with others from Panama. 



Additional material examined. Costa Rica: Rio Tigre, near Puerto Jimenez, 

 Golfo Dulce, 1; Boruca, 2. Panama: El Banco, Chiriqui, 1; Bugaba, Chiriquf, 

 1; Chiriquf, 1; Caloveyora, Veraguas, 2; Paraiso Station, Panama Railroad, 2; 

 Lion Hill, Panama Railroad, 1. 



2 A synonym of Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Gmelin). 



1 The description fits the red-tailed form. In Exot. Orn., p. 176, 1869, it is 

 expressly stated that the rufous tail-bands are particularly bright in examples 

 from Panama, whence the authors had received a considerable series from Messrs. 

 "McCleannan" and Hughes, and that the principal figure was taken from one 

 of the Panama specimens. We may, therefore, admit that the McLeannan speci- 

 men from Lion Hill is correctly labeled as "the type, figured Exot. Orn., pi. 90." 




126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo magnirostris petulans van Rossem, Condor, 37, p. 215, July, 1935 

 new name for Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, preoccupied; Sassi, 

 Temminckia, Leiden, 3, p. 298, 1938 (disc.). 



Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. 

 Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 316, 1861 Isthmus of Panama; idem, I.e., 8, 

 p. 179, 1865 David, Chiriquf; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 p. 158 David. 



Rupornis ruficauda Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, 

 p. 146, 1893 Boruca and Buenos Aires, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 1900 part, Panama (David, Chiriquf, 

 Bugaba, Calovevora, Lion Hill, Paraiso Station); Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 358, 

 1901 Divala, Chiriqui; idem, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 3, p. 20, 1902 

 Boquete, Chiriqui; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 

 214, 1906 savanna of Panama; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 290, 1907 Boruca 

 and El Pozo de Terraba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 

 p. 459, 1910 Costa Rica (part, El General de Terraba, Pozo Azul, El 

 Pozo, and Buenos Aires de Terraba); Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 311, 1924 

 Culebra-Arraijan Trail, Panama. 



Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 

 249, 1918 Trinidad River, south of Gatun, Panama; Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 56, 1919 part, Panama; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1921 part, 

 Panama; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 194, 1922 

 Jesusito, Darien; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 441, 1930 part, 

 Panama; Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 11, p. 47, 1929 

 Costa Rica and Panama (crit.). 



Buteo magnirostris ruficauda(us) Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range); 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Pacific slope of 

 Panama; Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 7, p. 43, 1937 

 ParacotS, Azuero Peninsula, Panama. 



Range. Southwestern Costa Rica, from the Te'rraba Valley 

 southward along the Pacific side of Panama to the Rio Tuyra. 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Costa Rica (Buenos Aires, Punt- 

 arenas, 2); Panama (Boqueron, Chiriqui, 1; Iguana Island, Los 

 Santos, 1). 



Buteo magnirostris alius (Peters and Griscom). 1 PEARL ISLAND 

 HAWK. 



Rupornis magnirostris alia Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 

 11, p. 48, Aug. 30, 1929 San Miguel, El Rey, Pearl Islands (type in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). 



1 Buteo magnirostris alius (Peters and Griscom) ; Similar to B. m. petulans but 

 slightly smaller, and rufous of wings and tail decidedly paler; feathers of chest 

 with two incomplete whitish bars, producing a spotted appearance; barring of 

 abdomen coarser; longest under wing coverts nearly immaculate. Wing, 207, 

 (female) 219-226. 



A single specimen from the Pearl Islands agrees exactly with the original 

 description except that the wings and tail are not paler than in petulans. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 127 



Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 205, 1874 part, spec, b, Pearl Islands. 



Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 

 1900 part, Pearl Islands; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 46, p. 144, 1905 San Miguel Island; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, 

 p. 20, 1920 San Jos6 Island. 



Buteo magnirostris alius Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 38, 1931 (range); Griscom, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Pearl Islands; Murphy, Auk, 

 62, p. 116, 1945 San Miguel, Pearl Islands, Panama. 



Range. Islands of San Miguel and San Jose*, Pearl Archipelago, 

 Bay of Panama. 



*Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix (Bangs and Penard). 1 SANTA 

 MARTA LARGE-BILLED HAWK. 



Rupornis magnirostris insidiatrix Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 62, p. 36, April, 1918 Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia (type in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Todd and Carriker, 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 154, 1922 Bonda, Mamatoco, Don Diego, 

 Punto Caiman, Tierra Nueva, Minca, Fundacion, and Dibulla, Colombia 

 (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 Colombia and Venezuela 

 (Merida); Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 48, 1929 

 Santa Marta to extreme eastern Panama (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 439, 1930 Colombia and Venezuela (monog.); Darlington, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 367, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena, 

 Colombia. 



Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Cassin, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 132 Turbo, Colombia; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 169 Venezuela (spec, examined); iidem, 

 I.e., 1869, p. 131 part, Venezuela; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 La Cruz, 



1 Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix (Bangs and Penard): About as pale above as 

 B. m. petulans, though even slightly clearer gray; but easily distinguished by 

 pure grayish tail-bands without any tawny; clearer gray chest with very little, 

 if any of the buffy markings so numerous and conspicuous in petulans; white 

 instead of strongly buffy ground color of the posterior lower parts with the cross- 

 bands not ochraceous-tawny, but mainly dark gray shaded with dull tawny; 

 buffy white instead of deep buffy tibial feathers, with narrower, rufescent dusky 

 rather than ochraceous-tawny bars. From typical magnirostris, the present form 

 may be separated by lighter gray upper parts and throat, and also by generally 

 narrower, less rufescent barring underneath. 



The racial characters of insidiatrix are well shown by the only two available 

 specimens from the type locality. MSrida birds are not quite so clear a gray 

 above though one or two run pretty close but others are only with difficulty 

 separable from Guianan skins. A single example obtained presumably in the 

 Caracas region by Anton Goering resembles the M6rida average. Birds from 

 northwestern Venezuela, as a whole, appear to be intermediate between insidiatrix 

 and magnirostris, and in the absence of an adequate series from Santa Marta we 

 provisionally follow Peters in referring them to the first-named race. 



Additional material examined. Colombia: Santa Marta, 2; Los Monos, near 

 Bucaramanga, 1. Venezuela: Caracas, 2; Limones, M6rida, 1; La Azulita, MeYida, 

 1; Valle, Merida, 10; unspecified, 1. 




128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



south of Ocana, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 176 



Santa Marta and Minca, Colombia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 316, 



1884 Los Monos, near Bucaramanga, Colombia. 

 Rupornis magnirostris Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 132, 1898 Santa 



Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 129, 1900 Bonda, Colombia; 



Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 168, 1901 La 



Guaira and San Julian, Venezuela. 

 Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Swann, Auk, 38, p. 362, 1921 Valle, 



Culata, and Escorial, Merida, Venezuela (crit.). 

 Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range); 



Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932 Perme, extreme 



eastern Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 299, 1935 Perme and Obaldia, Darien; 



de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 1, 1945 (range). 

 Buteo magnirostris magnirostris Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 185, 



1939 part, Venezuela (Valle, Merida; Maracay). 



Range. Caribbean slope of extreme eastern Darien (Perme", 

 Obaldia) and east through northern Colombia (Magdalena; Santa 

 Marta region; La Cruz and Los Monos, Santander) to northwestern 

 Venezuela (Merida to Caracas). 



Field Museum Collection. 12: Colombia (Baranova, Atlantico, 1; 

 Cucuta, Santander, 1); Venezuela (Colon, Tachira, 1; Paramo de 

 Tambor, Tachira, 1; El Valle, Merida, 2; Orope, Zulia, 2; Rio Aurare, 

 Zulia, 1; Encontrados, Zulia, 2; Maracay, Aragua, 1). 



*Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis (Swann). 1 ECUADORIAN 

 LARGE-BILLED HAWK. 



Rupornis magnirostris ecuadoriensis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 91, Jan., 1922 

 "Vaqueroi"=Vaqueria, Prov. Esmeraldas, northwestern Ecuador (type 

 in coll. of H. Kirke Swann, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, 

 Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 438, 1930 north- 

 western Ecuador (monog.). 



1 Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis (Swann) : Very similar to B. m. magni- 

 rostris, but upper parts lighter, more grayish, and the grayish tail-bands more or 

 less suffused at least with traces of tawny. 



Chapman has discussed at length the variation exhibited by birds from 

 Colombia west of the eastern Andes, but from the limited material examined it 

 seems to us that the two races (magnirostris and "ruficauda") which he maintains, 

 narrow down to a single excessively variable form, connecting the tawny-tailed 

 petulans with insidiatrix and magnirostris. Three topotypes of ecuadoriensis from 

 Vaqueria in the Vienna Museum are, indeed, very close to magnirostris, though 

 differing by lighter grayish dorsal surface and the presence of dull tawny edges 

 to the gray tail-bands. A bird from Atuncela, western Andes of Colombia, is 

 quite similar. Two adults from Concordia and two from Retire have just slight 

 traces of tawny in the tail. The male from Concordia is very nearly as clear gray 

 above as some insidiatrix from M6rida, and in the broad, decidedly rufescent 

 barring underneath it can be matched by a male from Valle, Me>ida. The three 

 others, however, are unquestionably more broadly barred with darker rufous 

 than the series from Santa Marta and Merida, more like typical magnirostris, 

 of Guiana. While we have not seen any Magdalena Valley birds, which 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 129 



Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 27, p. 147, 1859 Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 288, 

 1860 Babahoyo, Ecuador; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 540 Retiro, 

 Concordia, Santa Elena, Medellin, and Remedies, Colombia (nest and 

 eggs descr.); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 502, 1898 Chimbo, Ecuador; 

 Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 221 Popayan, Colombia. 



Rupornis magnirostris Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 154, 1895 

 Guaduas, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 304 

 Honda and Ibagiie, Colombia; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900 part, Vinces, western Ecuador; Piguet, 

 Mem. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 806, 1914 Angelopolis and Medellin, 

 Colombia; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 234, 1932 

 Rio San Jose 1 , Ecuador. 



Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, 

 p. 243, 1917 part, Atrato River, Dabeiba, Barbacoas, Puerto Valdivia, 

 Santa Elena, Barro Blanco, (?)La Palma, (?)Chicoral, and (?)west of 

 Honda, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 231, 1926 part, western Ecuador 

 (Bucay, Pato de Pajaro, Punta Santa Ana, Alamor, Naranjo, Daule, 

 Santa Rosa). 



Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda (not Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin) 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 244, 1917 Noanama, Las 

 Lomitas, Cali, Guengtie, Popayan, La Manuelita, Miraflores, Rio Frio, 

 and Salento, Colombia. 



Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range); 

 de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 2, 1945 (range; 

 disc.). 



Range. Western Colombia (western and central Andes) and 

 western Ecuador. 



Field Museum Collection. 12: Colombia (San Antonio, Valle de 

 Cauca, 1; Timba, Valle de Cauca, 1; El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 

 7); Ecuador (Montes de Achotal, Esmeraldas, 1; San Mateo, Es- 

 meraldas, 1; Puente de Chimbo, Guayas, 1). 



*Buteo magnirostris magnirostris (Gmelin). LARGE-BILLED 

 HAWK. 



Falco magnirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 282, 1788 based on "Epervier 

 a gros bee, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 464, Cayenne. 



Falco insectiwrus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 17, pi. 8a, 1824 "in sylvis 

 provinciae Rio de Janeiro et Parae"=Para, Brazil (type in Munich Mu- 



may turn out to be insidiatrix, we are inclined to maintain those from the central 

 and western Andes of Colombia together with the inhabitants of western Ecuador 

 as constituting a slightly differentiated form, for which Swann's term ecuadoriensis 

 is available. 



Additional material examined. Colombia: Concordia, western Andes, 2; 

 Atuncela, western Andes, 1; Retiro, central Andes, 2. Western Ecuador: Vaqueria, 

 3; Vinces, 1; Santa Rita, 1; Chimbo, 1. 




130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



seum examined; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 572, 1906). 1 



Rupornis magnirostris Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 

 "1848," p. 737, 1849 coast region; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900 part, Gualaquiza, Ecuador; Berlepsch 

 and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 112, 1902 Rio Orinoco (Altagracia, Caicara) 

 and Rio Caura (Suapure, La Pricion), Venezuela; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 292, 

 1908 Approuague River and Cayenne, French Guiana; Beebe, Zoologica 

 (N.Y.), 1, p. 80, 1909 La Brea, Orinoco Delta; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 1913 Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula, and Pedernales, 

 Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 132, 1914 

 part, Para, Marajo (Pindobal, Pacoval, Dunas, Magoary, Chaves, Sao 

 Natal), Mexiana, and Monte Alegre, Brazil; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. 

 Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 342, 1916 Orinoco region (nest and eggs descr.); 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 239, 1916 (numerous localities); Stone, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 Para and Rio Inhangapy, 

 Para, Brazil; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 8 Blairmont, British Guiana (habits). 



Asturina magnirostris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 451, 1858 Guala- 

 quiza, Ecuador; idem and Salvin, 1867, p. 589 Mexiana; iidem, I.e., 

 1869, p. 131 part, Guianas, Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Branco, Rio Madeira, 

 Mexiana), and Colombia ("Bogota") (monog.); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 

 394 Para; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 207, 1874 part, spec, 

 e-i, Mexiana and British Guiana; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 436 Rio 

 Apure", Venezuela; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 72 Bartica Grove, Camacusa, 

 Merume Mountains, and River Atapurau, British Guiana; Sclater, Ibis, 

 1887, p. 318 Maccasseema, British Guiana; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 366, 

 1897 Cumanacoa (Sucre), Venezuela; Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, p. 161 

 Amapa, northern Para; Loat, Ibis, 1898, p. 563 British Guiana; Goeldi, 

 Ibis, 1903, p. 497 Rio Capim, Para; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 

 26, p. 21, 1907 Mexiana. 



Astur macrorhynchus (Natterer MS.) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1868 Borba 

 (Rio Madeira), San Carlos (Rio Guainia), Forte do Rio Branco, Barra 

 do Rio Negro (=Manaos) and Cajutuba (near Para), Brazil (nomen 

 nudum). 



[Buleo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. magnirostris Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. 



N. H., 16, p. 87, 1873 part, Guiana, northern Brazil, and Colombia 



(Bogota). 

 Asturina natteri (not A. nattereri Sclater and Salvin) Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 



8, p. 82, 1876 Santare"m (Rhomes). 



Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 160, 1891 

 Santare"m (crit.). 



Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 38, 1907 

 Obidos; idem, I.e., 17, p. 411, 1910 part, Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, 

 Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 96, 121, 



1 Recent re-examination shows the type to agree in every particular with 

 other examples from Para and Marajo. According to Spix's original account, 

 there was in the collection but one specimen, which must have come from Para, 

 since at Rio de Janeiro, the other locality mentioned, the well-characterized 

 B. m. nattereri is found. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 131 



1912 Pard region (Para, Cajutuba, Rio Capim) and Mexiana; Bangs 

 and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 36, 1918 Paramaribo and 

 Wanaweg, Surinam; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, Guiana, 

 eastern Venezuela, and "Lesser Antilles"; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 part, Villavicencio, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, 

 p. 231, 1926 part, below San Jose 1 , eastern Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 437, 1930 Guiana, Venezuela and "Martinique" (monog.). 



Rupornis magnirostris zamorae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 31, p. 3, March 

 2, 1922 Sabanilla, Rio Zamora, eastern Ecuador (type in the American 

 Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 55, p. 232, 1926 Sabanilla and Zamora (crit.). 



Buteo magnirostris magnirostris Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range); 

 Brodkorb, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 349, p. 2, 1937 

 Caviana, Brazil; Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 185, 1939 

 part, Parapara, Venezuela (range and tax.); de Schauensee, Not. Nat. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 1, 1945 (range; crit.). 



Range. The Guianas, southern and eastern Venezuela, west to 

 the eastern base of the east Colombian Andes (Villavicencio) and 

 eastern Ecuador; northern Brazil, south to the south bank of the 

 Amazon from the Para region to the right bank of the Rio Madeira 

 (Borba, Calama). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 46: Colombia (Villavicencio, Meta, 1; 

 Florencia, Caqueta, 1); Ecuador (Rio Villano, Oriente, 1); British 

 Guiana (Georgetown, 2; Charity, 1; Buxton, 4; Rockstone, 3); 

 Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo, 2); French Guiana (Lago Novo, 1); 

 Brazil (Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 4; Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 5; 

 Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Amazonas, 3; Obidos, Para, 3; Piquiatuba, 

 Para, 5; Boca Ituqui, Para, 4; Monte Alegre, Para, 3; Caxiricatuba, 

 Rio Tapajos, 3). 



*Buteo magnirostris occiduus (Bangs). 2 PERUVIAN LARGE- 

 BILLED HAWK. 



1 Birds from the Caura-Orinoco region are identical with Guianan topotypes 

 and so are specimens from north of the Amazon (Obidos, Mangos, Rio Branco). 

 We are likewise quite unable to separate a series from Par (insectivorus) from 

 typical magnirostris, which seems to range south of the river to the right bank of 

 the Rio Madeira, since an adult male from Borba, like one from Calama previously 

 examined, is to all intent a perfectly normal example of the nominate form. Birds 

 from eastern Ecuador, as a whole, agree fairly well with a Guianan series, though 

 some individuals,, by darker upper parts, rufous-suffused breast, etc., strongly 

 suggest occiduus. Specimens of this color-type, however, also spring up occasionally 

 in the eastern part of the range of magnirostris, a female from Caicara, Rio Orinoco, 

 being especially noteworthy. We cannot, therefore, see in R. m. zamorae anything 

 but an individual mutation. 



2 Buteo magnirostris occiduus (Bangs) is exactly intermediate between B. m. 

 magnirostris and B. m. saturatus. The light tail-bands are brownish gray, more 

 brownish than in magnirostris, hence more as in nattereri, and not light tawny 

 as is the rule in saturatus; the upper parts are darker and markedly more brownish 




132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Rupornis magnirostris occidua Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, p. 187, 

 June 23, 1911 Rio Tambopata, [southeastern] Peru (type in Museum of 

 Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 

 p. 444, 1918 Bellavista and Perico, Rio Maranon, Peru; Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 55, 1919 Peru; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 

 p. 129, 1919 Occobamba (near Cuzco), Marcapata, Urubamba Valley, 

 and Chaquimayo, southeastern Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 117, p. 59, 1921 Rio Comberciato, Urubamba, Peru (crit.); Swann, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 Peru; Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 17, p. 247, 1930 Chinchao, Huanuco, Peru; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 439, 1930 Peru; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. 

 Handl., (3), 22, p. 27, 1945 Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurud (disc.); idem, I.e., 

 (3), 23, p. 51, 1945 Bolivia (Riberalta and Victoria, El Beni) (disc.). 



Nisus magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Tschudi, Unters. Faun. 

 Peru., Orn., p. 104, 1846 forest region of Peru. 



Asturina magnirostris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 25, p. 261, 1857 Ega, 

 Rio Solimoes; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1866, p. 198 upper Ucayali; iidem, 

 I.e., 1867, p. 753 Xeberos and Chyavetas; iidem, I.e., 1869, p. 131 

 part, eastern Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 upper and lower Ucayali, 

 Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chami euros, and Santa Cruz; Taczanowski, I.e., 

 1874, p. 552 Monterico; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 241 Tambillo; idem, I.e., 

 1882, p. 46 Huambo; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 120, 1884 Peruvian localities. 



Asturina nattereri (not of Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 

 p. 132) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 598 Cosnipata; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 208, 1874 part, spec, h-k, Cosnipata, 

 Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 123, 1884 Monterico. 



Rupornis magnirostris Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 317, 1889 upper Ucayali; 

 idem and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 Borgona, 

 Dept. Junin; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Cachoeira and Bom 

 Lugar, Rio Purus; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 132, 1914 part, Rio 

 Purus. 



Rupornis nattereri Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, 

 (2), p. 42 La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; iidem, Ornis, 13, pp. 99, 

 124, 1906 Idma, Huaynapata, and Rio Cadena, Marcapata. 



than in magnirostris, though not so dark as in saturatus; the upper tail coverts 

 are mostly buffy as in the southern form, but sometimes white as in magnirostris; 

 the throat and chest are gray as in the latter, but profusely variegated with 

 cinnamomeous; the barring on the posterior lower parts is wider and more deeply 

 rufescent; the axillars and under wing coverts are more or less buffy as in saturatus, 

 rarely white as in the nominate race. Numerous individuals have traces of tawny 

 in the brownish gray tail-bands, and in this respect are matched by occasional 

 specimens of saturatus, notably one from Tilotilo. However, B. m. occiduus, in 

 spite of its excessive variability, may generally be distinguished from saturatus 

 by smaller size, less blackish head, and the predominantly brownish gray instead 

 of light tawny tail-bands. Birds from the Rio Purus and the left bank of the 

 Rio Madeira seem to be inseparable from a Peruvian series. 



Additional material examined. Peru: Upper Ucayali, 2; Perene 1 , Dept. Junfn, 

 1; Cosnipata, 2; Occobamba, Cuzco, 1; Urubamba Valley, alt. 700 meters, 1; 

 Marcapata, 2; Chaquimayo, Carabaya, 1; Oroya, Dept. Puno, 1; Rio Linimbare, 

 near Oroya, Dept. Puno, 1. Brazil: Uby-no-Cachoeira, Rio Purus, 1; Bom Lugar, 

 Rio Purus, 1; Marmellos, Rio Madeira, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 133 



Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 406, 1907 

 Humayta, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 411, 1910 part, Marmellos, 

 Rio Madeira; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 108, 1930 

 Rio Solimoes. 



Rupornis pucherani (not Asturina pucherani J. & E. Verreaux) Chubb, Ibis, 

 1919, p. 282 Oroya and Rio Linimbare, Peru (spec, examined). 



Buteo magnirostris occiduus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range); 

 de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 2, 1945 (dist. 

 chars.; range). 



Buteo magnirostris inca de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 No. 156, p. 2, Aug. 1, 1945 La Oroya, Inambari, Puno, Peru (type in 

 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia). 



Range. Eastern Peru, from the Maranon south to extreme north- 

 ern Bolivia (Victoria, El Beni), and western Brazil south of the 

 Amazon east to the left bank of the Rio Madeira (Marmellos, 

 Humayta). 



Field Museum Collection. -31: Peru (Rioja, San Martin, 1; 

 Lagunas, Loreto, 2; Yurimaguas, Loreto, 1; Poco Tambo, Huanuco, 

 1; Chinchao, Huanuco, 1; San Ramon, Rio Chanchamayo, Junin, 3; 

 Alto Quimire, Rio Chanchamayo, Junin, 1; Rio Ucayali, near Rio 

 Chanchamayo, Junin, 1); Brazil (Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 3; Lago 

 Grande, Rio Jurua, 1; Rio Eiru, Rio Jurud, 1; Labrea, Rio Purus, 5; 

 Canutama, Rio Purus, 6; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 4). 



*Buteo magnirostris saturatus (Sclater and Salvin). 1 WESTERN 

 LARGE-BILLED HAWK. 



Asturina saturata Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1876, p. 357 

 "Apollo" [=Apolobamba], and Tilotilo, Bolivia (type, from Apolobamba, 

 in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum, examined); 

 iidem, I.e., 1879, p. 636 same localities. 



1 Buteo magnirostris saturate (Sclater and Salvin) may be distinguished from 

 the neighboring races by the light tawny (instead of brownish gray) coloration 

 of the tail-bands. 



Comparison of adequate series shows Paraguayan birds to be inseparable from 

 those of Bolivia. The type of A. saturata is an unusually rufous individual with 

 the chest nearly plain tawny (with very few buffy markings) and the tawny 

 barring on breast and upper belly rather broad. However, two other skins from 

 Tilotilo (near the type locality) are much paler beneath, the chest being dull 

 ochraceous tawny with buffy and dusky markings, and the bars on the posterior 

 under parts duller, though variable in width. Two adults from Esperanza, Bolivia, 

 have even less ochraceous tawny on the chest, the feathers being broadly edged 

 with buffy on either side, and the width of the tawny bars posteriorly is equally 

 variable. The light tail-bands are mostly tawny or ochraceous-tawny, though 

 to a varying degree shaded with grayish here and there, but only in one from 

 Tilotilo is the predominating color brownish gray. The tone of the basal portion 

 of the remiges varies from ochraceous-tawny to deep tawny. Ten adults from 

 Paraguay and six from northwestern Argentina, although not one of them is 

 quite so rufous on the chest as the type of A. saturata, show otherwise the same 




134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Astur magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. 

 Mend., Ois., p. 91, 1835 part, Bolivia and Santa Fe; Lafresnaye and 

 d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cL 2, p. 5, 1837 part, Yungas, 

 Chiquitos, and Moxos, Bolivia. 



Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. pucherani (not Asturina pucherani 

 Verreaux) Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 89, 1873 part, Yungas, 

 Bolivia. 



Asturina pucherani Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205, 1874 part, 

 spec, c, Bolivia; Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, p. 83, 1889 

 Est. Ytanu, Paraguay (nest and egg descr.); Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 142 

 lower Pilcomayo; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 19, 

 1895 Valenzuela, near Paraguarf, Paraguay; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 

 465 Tatarenda and Aguairenda, Tarija, Bolivia; Grant, I.e., 1911, p. 

 330 Argentina (Riacho Ancho, Terr. Chaco; Colonia Mihanovitch, 

 Terr. Formosa) and Paraguay (ten miles north of Villa Pilar). 



Rupornis nattereri saturata Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 28, 1887 LambarS, 

 Paraguay. 



Rupornis saturata Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 104, 1889 part, 

 Mapiri, Bolivia; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 28, 

 1897 Caiza, Bolivia, and San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Menegaux, Rev. Frang. 

 d'Orn., 1925, p. 281 Laguna de Tulip-Loman, near Icano, Santiago del 

 Estero. 



Asturina nattereri (not of Sclater and Salvin) Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. 

 Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 18, p. 396, 1890 Cordoba. 



Rupornis nattereri Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 12, 

 1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso. 



Potamolegus superciliaris var. furmcottis Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, (1), 

 p. 161, Jan., 1901 Asuncion, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni). 



Rupornis pucherani Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902 

 Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta; 

 Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Tucuman; Chubb, 

 Ibis, 1910, p. 72 Sapucay, Paraguay (descr.); Menegaux, Rev. Frang. 

 d'Orn., 1925, p. 281 Laguna de Canita, near Icano, Santiago del Estero. 



Rupornis magnirostris pucherani Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 

 1909 part, Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 245, 1910 part, Tucuman, Salta, and Chaco; Swann, Syn. List Accip., 

 p. 56, 1919 part, Paraguay and Bolivia; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 133, p. Ill, 1926 part, Las Palmas, Chaco; Friedmann, Bull. Mus. 



amount of variation in all the characters discussed above, and every one can be 

 exactly matched by one or the other of the remaining Bolivian examples. The 

 pileum, in this form, is constantly darker, more blackish than the back, and the 

 throat is dusky or dark gray streaked with buffy. Birds from southern Paraguay 

 average perhaps slightly larger. 



Additional material examined. Bolivia: Apolobamba, 1; Mapiri, 1; Tilotilo, 2; 

 Torochito (Mizque), 1; Esperanza, 2; Buenavista, Santa Cruz, 2; unspecified, 1. 

 Argentina: Santa Barbara, Jujuy, 1; Rio Bermejo, Oran, Salta, 1; Tucuman, 4. 

 Paraguay: LambarS, 1; Conception, 4; ten miles above Villa Pilar, 1; BernalcuS, 

 near Asunci6n, 2; Villa Rica, 3; Sapucay, 1; Cambyreta, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 135 



Comp. Zool, 68, p. 159, 1927 Bovril Islands, Santa Fe; Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 442, 1930 (monog.; in part). 



Rupornis magnirostris subsp. nattereri Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac, Buenos 

 Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 Cordoba. 



Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Menegaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 5, p. 24, 1917 

 Pocone, Matto Grosso. 



Rupornis magnirostris saturaia(us) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 183, 1921 

 Bolivia and Chiquitos (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 94, 1922 Bolivia; 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 113, 1926 Tapia, Tucumin; 

 Friedmann, BulL Mus. Comp. ZooL, 48, p. 159, 1927 Alpachirri, Tucu- 

 man; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Ezp., Vogel, p. 106, 

 1930 Villa Montes, Tarija, and Santa Cruz, Bolivia (young); Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 443, 1930 Bolivia to Tucumin; Steullet and 

 Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, p. 436, 1936 Salta (Oran, Rio 

 Colorado, Rio San Andres, San Antonio, Rosario de Lerma, Urundal) 

 and Tucumin (Trancas, Volcan); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. 

 Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 50, 1945 Bolivia (Puerto Salinas, Reyes and 

 Bresta, El Beni; Yungas del Cochabamba) (crit.). 



Rupornis magnirostris supereiliaris (not Spartius supereiliaris Viefllot?) Swann, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 part, Paraguay and Argentina; Giacomelli, 

 El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 near the capital, La Rioja; Naumburg, Butt. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 107, 1930 Paraguay (Trinidad, Puerto Pinasco) 

 and Matto Grosso (Urucum); Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco 

 Exp., Vogel, p. 104, 1930 Formosa (Yunca Viejo, San Jose, Lapango, 

 Tapikiole, Tacaagle); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 

 p. 434, 1936 Girardet, Santiago del Estero (crit.). 



Rupornis magnirostris gularis (not Asturina gularis Schlegel) Laubmann, Wiss, 

 Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 103, 1930 Galvez (near Rosario) 

 and Est. La Germania, Santa Fe (young birds); idem, Verb. Orn. Ges. 

 Bay., 2, p. 293, 1934 Est. La Geraldina, Santa FC" (crit). 



Bulfo magnirostris svpereiliaris Peters, Bds. Worid, 1, p. 239, 1931 Para- 

 guayan and Argentine Chaco. 



Buteo magnirostris saturatus Peters, Bds. Worid, 1, p. 239, 1931 Bolivia to 

 Tucuman; Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phfla., *5, 

 p. 177, 1943 numerous localities, Bolivia (disc.). 



Range. Bolivia (except extreme northern portion) and Paraguay 

 (except extreme southeastern section); southwestern Matto Grosso 

 (teste E. M. Naumburg) ; western Argentina, west of the Rio Parana, 

 south to Santa Fe", Cordoba, and La Rioja. 



Field Museum Collection. 40: Bolivia (Incachaca, Cochabamba, 

 2; Aiquile, Cochabamba, 1; Yungas del Palmar, Cochabamba, 2; 

 Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 2; San Carlos, Santa Cruz, 1; Cercado, 

 Santa Cruz, 1 ; Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1) ; Paraguay (195-265 km. 

 west of Puerto Casado, 11; 30 km. west of Puerto Casado, 1; Puerto 

 Casado, 1; Horqueta, 1); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 14; 

 Resistencia, Chaco, 1; Marco Paz, Cordoba, 1). 




136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



*Buteo magnirostris pucherani (J. and E. Verreaux). 1 

 PUCHERAN'S LARGE-BILLED HAWK. 



Asturina pucherani J. and E. Verreaux, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 7, p. 350, 1855 

 "1'Ame'rique Me>idionale" = Buenos Aires (descr. of young; type in Nor- 

 wich Museum; cf. Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 72 [note 5], 1884, 

 and Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 177, 1869); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 133 part, Buenos Aires, Corrientes, and 

 Paraguay; iidem, I.e., p. 634 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; iidem, Exot. 

 Orn., p. 117, pi. 89 (adult and young), 1869 part, Buenos Aires (crit.); 

 Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios (spec, 

 examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205, 1874 (in part); Durn- 

 ford, Ibis, 1877, p. 187 Buenos Aires; Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 30, 1884 

 Concepci6n del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 

 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 58, 

 1889 Argentina. 



Astur magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. 

 Me"rid., Ois., p. 91, 1835 part, Buenos Aires, Entre Rfos, and Corrientes; 

 Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 5, 1837 

 part, Corrientes and Buenos Aires. 



Asturina gularis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 4, 1862 Buenos 

 Aires (type in the Leyden Museum; descr. of adult). 



Nisus magnirostris Burmeister, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 633 vicinity 

 of Buenos Aires. 



[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. pucherani Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 16, p. 89, 1873 part, Buenos Aires (crit.). 



Asturina nattereri (not of Sclater and Salvin) Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. 

 Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 76, 1884 Tandfl, Buenos Aires. 



Rupornis magnirostris pucherani Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 

 1909 part, Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires, and Roca, Rio Negro; Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 part, Buenos Aires, 



1 Buteo magnirostris pucherani (J. and E. Verreaux): Similar to, and agreeing 

 with, B. m. saturatus in light tawny tail-bands, but somewhat larger; the throat, 

 with rare exceptions, quite uniform dusky brown with mere trace of light streaking; 

 barring of breast and upper abdomen narrower as well as paler, ochraceous rather 

 than tawny. Wing, 270 (male) to 285 (female). 



Sclater and Salvin, on direct comparison of the original specimens both 

 received by Verreaux found the type of A. pucherani to be a young individual 

 of A. gularis Schlegel which was based on an adult from Buenos Aires, and as 

 the pictures in "Exotic Ornithology" tend to support this conclusion, we may 

 after all accept Verreaux's specific term for the large, dark-throated form of the 

 Buenos Aires region. Three adults from Entre Rios and one from Corrientes 

 are quite identical with topotypes. According to Wetmore, Uruguayan birds are 

 somewhat intermediate to "nattereri" (=magniplumis), and as the inhabitants of 

 Rio Grande do Sul approach pucherani in size as well as in certain details of 

 coloration, it is probable that an unbroken chain of intergrades may exist between 

 the two races. It appears to us that the name pucherani should conveniently 

 be restricted to the territory circumscribed above, while the Large-billed Hawk 

 found west of the Rio Parana more nearly resembles saturatus. 



Additional material examined. Argentina: Corrientes, 1; Santa Elena, Entre 

 Rfos, 2; Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios, 1; Tigre, Buenos Aires, 1; 

 Buenos Aires, 5; Colonia Helvetia, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 137 



Entre Rfos, and Rio Negro (Roga); Ambrosetti, El Hornero, I, p. 116, 

 1918 San Pedro, Buenos Aires; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919 

 part, Argentina; Seri6 and Smyth, El Hornero, 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa 

 Elena, Entre Rfos; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; 

 Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. Buenos Aires for 1922-23, p. 630, 1924 

 Prov. Buenos Aires; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. Ill, 1926 

 part, San Vicente and Rio Negro, Uruguay; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 4, 

 p. 18, 1927 same localities; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 442, 1930 

 (monog.; in part). 



Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 245, 1910 Sierra de la Tinta, Buenos Aires. 



Rupornis magnirostris superciliaris (not Sparvius superciliaris Vieillot?) 

 Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 183, 1921 Buenos Aires. 



Rupornis magnirostris gularis Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 

 12, p. 461 (in text), 1929 Uruguay, Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires; 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, p. 433, 1936 Rio 

 Santiago, Buenos Aires. 



Buteo magnirostris gularis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 239, 1931 (range). 



Range. Northeastern Argentina, in provinces of Corrientes, 

 Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires (one record from Roca, Rio Negro), 

 and Uruguay. 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Uruguay (Quebrada de los Cuervos, 

 Triente y Tres, 1; Rio Uruguay, southwest of Dolores, Soriano, 1). 



*Buteo magnirostris magniplumis (Bertoni). 1 BERTONI'S LARGE- 

 BILLED HAWK. 



Potamolegus superciliaris magniplumis Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, 



p. 159, Jan., 1901 Mondafh, eastern Paraguay (descr. of adult; type in 



coll. of A. de W. Bertoni). 

 Falco magnirostris (not of Gmelin) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 15, 



pi. 86, 1821 Brazil (young); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 102, 



1830 eastern Brazil (in part). 



1 Buteo magnirostris magniplumis (Bertoni) : Similar to B. m. nattereri in general 

 coloration and particularly in brownish-gray tail-bands, but decidedly larger, 

 rather darker above, and with the throat, as a rule, less variegated with whitish. 

 Wing, 235 (male) to 255 (female). 



Birds from Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catharina agree well 

 and are identical with an adult female from Santa Ana, Misiones, which may 

 reasonably be taken to represent magniplumis, based on a bird from the Rio 

 Mondaih, in extreme eastern Paraguay. Specimens from Rio Grande do Sul are 

 intermediate to B. m. pucherani, which they resemble in size, blackish pileum, 

 reduction of tawny color on chest, and narrow barring of posterior under parts, 

 but like magniplumis they have the light tail-bands brownish gray with mere 

 traces of tawny. Adult females measure: wing, 270-275; tail, 185-190. 



Additional material examined. Brazil: Victoria, Espirito Santo, 3; Rio de 

 Janeiro, 1 ; ItararS, Sao Paulo, 1 ; Mattodentro, Sao Paulo, 1 ; Irisanga, Sao Paulo, 

 1; Parana, 1; Santa Catharina (Desterro, Ararangua, Joinville, Blumenau), 29; 

 Engenho do Para, Matto Grosso, 1; Caicara, Matto Grosso, 2; Camaquam, Rio 

 Grande do Sul, 2. Argentina: Santa Ana, Misiones, 1. 




138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Nisus magnirostris Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 76, 1856 south- 

 eastern Brazil. 



Asturina magnirostris Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 3, 1862 part, 

 Brazil (transitional plumage). 



Astur magnirostris Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1867 Rio de Janeiro (Sapitiba, 

 Corcovado), Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema, Itarare, Irisanga), 

 Paran& (Castro), and Matto Grosso (Engenho do Para, Cuyaba, Caicara). 



Asturina nattereri Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 132 

 part, Sao Paulo and Matto Grosso; iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 173, 1869 part, 

 southern Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, 

 p. 69 Minas Geraes; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 31, p. 289, 1873 Blumenau, 

 Santa Catharina; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 208, 1874 Brazil 

 (in part); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 353, 1899 Sao Paulo and 

 Piracicaba, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de 

 Janeiro; idem, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo 

 Novo, Rio Grande do Sul. 



[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. nattereri Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 16, pp. 87, 88, 1873 part, Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, 

 and Rio das Velhas. 



Rupornis nattereri Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio 

 de Janeiro; Berg, Commun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1, p. 283, 1901 

 Rio de Janeiro (descr.); Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 301, 1914 

 Iguazu, Misiones. 



Asturina nattereri saturata? (not A. saturata Sclater and Salvin) Berlepsch 

 and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 168, 1885 Taquara, Rio Grande do 

 Sul. 



Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 142, 1893 

 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 573, 1906 part, Sao Paulo; Ihering, Cat. Faun. 

 Braz., 1, p. 91, 1907 part, Sao Paulo (Piracicaba, Jaboticabal, Rincao), 

 Paran (Ourinho), and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni); Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 part, Misiones and Alto 

 Paran&; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913 Santa Ana, Misiones; 

 Me"negaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 1918, p. 289 Villa Lutetia, near San 

 Ignacio, Misiones; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919 Brazil (in part); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 Brazil (in part); Stolzmann, Ann. Zool. 

 Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 1926 Marechal Mallet, Fazenda Con- 

 cordia, Fazenda Durski, Candido de Abreu, Guarapuava, Salto de Uba, 

 and Salto Guayra, Parana; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 441, 1930 

 Brazil (in part). 



Potamolegus superciliaris (not Sparvius superciliaris Vieillot) 1 Bertoni, Anal. 

 Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 158, Jan., 1901 Djavevihrih, Alto Parana 

 (descr. of young). 



1 Sparvius superciliaris Vieillot (Nquv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 10, p. 328, 

 1817 based on "Esparvero pardo ceja blanca" Azara, No. 25) seems to refer 

 to the juvenile plumage of some Large-billed Hawk, but as no less than three 

 races are now known to occur within the territory explored by Azara, its exact 

 identification from the rather ambiguous description (cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 133, p. 112, 1926) becomes an utter impossibility, and the name 

 should be dropped. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 139 



Rupornis magnirostris pucherani (not Asturina pucherani Verreaux) Bertoni, 

 Faun. Parag., 1, p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay. 



Rupornis magnirostris superciliaris Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, 

 p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay. 



Rupornis magnirostris magniplumis Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 12, p. 461 (in text), 1929 southeastern Brazil and Misiones; Naum- 

 burg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 109, 1930 Primavera and Tapi- 

 rapoan, Matto Grosso; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 17, (2), p. 720, 1932 

 Aquidauana, Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., 20, p. 51, 1936 Rio das Almas 

 (Jaragua) and Inhumas, Goyaz (crit.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, p. 432, 1936 (range). 



Buteo magnirostris magniplumis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 239, 1931 (range). 



Range. Southern Brazil, from Espirito Santo, Minas Geraes, 

 Goyaz, and Matto Grosso south to Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones, 

 and the adjacent parts of Paraguay (Alto Parana). 



Field Museum Collection. 14: Brazil (Rio San Miguel, Goyaz, 2; 

 Veadeiros, Goyaz, 2; Nova Roma, Rio Parana, Goyaz, 2; Conceifao, 

 Matto Grosso, 1; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2; Piraputanga, Matto 

 Grosso, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 1; Fazenda Morungaba, 

 Parana, 2); Argentina (Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 1). 



*Buteo magnirostris nattereri (Sclater and Salvin). NATTERER'S 

 LARGE-BILLED HAWK. 



Asturina nattereri Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 132 

 part, vicinity of Bahia, Brazil (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now 

 in the British Museum, examined); iidem, Exot. Orn., livr. 11, p. 173, 

 pi. 87, 1869 part, Bahia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 208, 1874 

 part, spec, c-g, Bahia, Brazil; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 40 Bahia. 



Falco magnirostris (not of Gmelin) Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1824 

 "in provincia Piauhy, Bahia, etc." (spec, examined); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. 

 Bras., 3, (1), p. 102, 1830 eastern Brazil (in part). 



[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris} var. nattereri Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 16, p. 88, 1873 part, Bahia. 



Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. 

 Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 573, 1906 (crit.); Lima, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, 

 (2), p. 96, 1920 Belmonte, Bahia; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. 

 Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 203, 1923 Bahia and Piauhy (habits); Hellmayr, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 460, 1929 Maranhao (Tury- 

 assu, Sao Bento, Sao Luiz, Primeira Cruz, Tapera, Miritiba), Piauhy 

 (Ibiapaba; Ilha Sao Martin, Rio Parnahyba), and Ceara (Jua) (crit.); 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 441, 1930 Brazil (in part); Pinto, Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., 19, p. 101, 1935 Rio Gongogy, Ilha de Madre de Deus, 

 Belmonte, and Bomfim, Bahia (crit.; meas.). 



Rupornis nattereri Reiser, Denks. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, 

 p. 89, 1910 Bahia (Serra da Solidade, Barra do Rio Grande, LagQa 

 do Boqueirao) and Piauhy (Ilha Sao Martin, Rio Parnahyba). 




140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo magnirostris naltereri Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 228, 1931 (range). 



Range. Northeastern Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and 

 Ceard south to Bahia. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1; 

 San Benito, Maranhao, 1; Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1; Quixada, Ceara, 3; 

 Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara, 2). 



*Buteo leucorrhous (Quoy and Gaimard). WHITE-RUMPED HAWK. 



Falco leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard, in Freycinet, Voy. Uranie et Physic., 

 Zool., livr. 3, p. 91, pi. 13, Aug., 1824 "Bresil"=Rio de Janeiro (type in 

 Paris Museum). 



Nisus leucorrhous Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 265, 1844 Peru; idem, 

 Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 103, 1846 Peru (descr. of young). 



Asturina leucorrhoa(us) Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 199 Brazil (descr.); Bonaparte, 

 Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 30, 1850 Caracas, Venezuela; Schlegel, Mus. 

 Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 5, 1862 Brazil (descr.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 134 Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Venezuela, Co- 

 lombia (Bogota), and Peru (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 209, 1874 "Trinidad," Brazil, and Caracas; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 235 Me"rida, Venezuela; iidem, I.e., 1879, 

 p. 540 Concordia and Santa Elena, Colombia; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 

 1, p. 119, 1884 Peru; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 168, 

 1885 Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande 

 do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul. 



Astur leucorrhous Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1868 vicinity of Rio de Janeiro. 



Buteo (Rupornis) leucorrhous Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 90, 

 1873 (monog.). 



Rupornis leucorrhoa Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 129, 1900 El 

 Libano, Santa Marta, Colombia; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 

 8, p. 204, 1902 Cuesta de Malamala and San Pedro, Tucuman; idem, 

 Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 same localities; Ihering, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 91, 1907 Santa Catharina (Desterro), Minas 

 Geraes (Marianna), and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. 

 Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 Tucuman; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., 

 p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 57, 

 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Auk, 38, p. 362, 1921 Culata, Montana 

 Sierra, and Escorial, Merida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 94, 1922 

 (range); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 41, 1922 

 Alonguinche (Mojanda), Maspa (below Papallacta), and Piganta (Mojan- 



1 Birds from northern Maranhao, by their somewhat stronger grayish suffusion 

 in the tawny prepectoral area, display a slight tendency toward magnirostris, 

 but otherwise agree with the inhabitants of Bahia, Piauhy, and Ceara. Wing, 

 197-217, (female) 215-228. 



Additional material examined. Maranhao: Sao Luiz, 1; Miritiba, 5; Tapera, 

 1; Primeira Cruz, 2. Piauhy: Ilha Sao Martin, Rio Parnahyba, 1. Bahia: Serra 

 da Solidade, 1; Barra, 1; Fazenda da Serra, Rio Grande, 1; Lagoa do Boqueirao, 

 Rio Grande, 1; unspecified, 8. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 141 



da), Ecuador (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 232, 1926 

 El Chiral and above Baeza, Ecuador; Holt, I.e., 57, p. 283, 1928 Serra 

 do Itatiaya, Rio de Janeiro; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 445, pi. [33], 

 fig. 11 (egg), 1930 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La 

 Plata, p. 437, 1936 (range in Argentina). 



Rupornis nigra Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 162, Jan., 1901 

 Alto Parana, lat. 25-27 S., Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni). 



Buteola leucorrhoa Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, 

 (2), p. 42 Tambo de Aza, Junm, Peru. 



Percnohierax leucorrhous Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 153, 

 1922 El Libano (ex Allen). 



Buteo leucorrhous Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 239, 1931 (range); Dugand, Rev. 

 Acad. Columb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 1941 Colombia. 



Range. Locally in Colombia (Concordia, western Andes; El 

 Tambo, Cauca; Santa Elena, central Andes; El Libano, Santa 

 Marta region; "Bogota"), Ecuador (both sides), Peru, Venezuela 

 (Me'rida region; Caracas), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro; Serra do Itatiaya; 

 Santa Catharina; Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Alto Parana), and 

 Argentina (Cuesta de Malamala and San Pablo, Tucuman). 



Field Museum Collection. 7: Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, 

 Cauca, 3); Ecuador (Mount Mojanda, Pichincha, 2; Baeza, Napo- 

 Pastaza, 1); Venezuela (Me'rida, Me'rida, 1). 



*Buteo brachyurus Vieillot. SHORT-TAILED HAWK. 



Buteo brachyurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 4, p. 477, 1816 

 no locality given (type, sent by Leblond from Cayenne, in Paris Museum; 

 cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 86, 1850); Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 600 Tinta, Peru; Salvin, I.e., 1870, 

 p. 215 CaloveVora, Veraguas; Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 210, 

 1881 Palatka, Florida, and Mirador, eastern Mexico (descr.); idem, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 578, 1885 Cozumel Island (descr. of young); 

 Scott, Auk, 6, p. 244, 1889 Tarpon Springs, Florida (breeding; crit.); 

 Pennock, I.e., 7, p. 56, 1890 St. Marks, Florida (breeding); Cherrie, 

 I.e., 9, p. 328, 1892 San Jose", Costa Rica (Sept. 10, 1888); Bendire, Life 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 246, pi. 8, fig. 7 (egg), 1892 Florida; Richmond, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 522, 1893 Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; 

 Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 142, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 71, 1900 Florida, 

 Mexico (Tamaulipas, Alvarado, Jalapa, Tehuantepec City, Tonala, 

 Cozumel Island), Guatemala, Nicaragua (Escondido River), Costa Rica 

 (San Jose 1 , Irazu, San Antonio, La Palma), and Panama (Cal6bre, Calo- 

 veVora); Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 3, p. 20, 1902 Sona, Chiriqui; 

 Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 214, 1906 savanna 




142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



of Panama; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 458, 1910 Azahar de 

 Cartago, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243, 

 1917 Quindio Pass, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 14, p. 151, 1922 Bonda and Palenque, Colombia; Hallinan, Auk, 41, 

 p. 311, 1924 Gatun, Panama; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 231, 1926 Ecuador flisted); (?)Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 17, p. 246, 1930 Panao, Huanuco, Peru; Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 239, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932 

 Perme, Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 299, 1935 Panama; Dugand, Rev. 

 Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 1941 Colombia. 



Buteo melanoleucus (not of Vieillot, 1816) Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 82, 

 May, 1830 Cayenne (cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 124, 

 1850; crit.). 



Falco albifrons Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 187, 1830 eastern Brazil 

 (type now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. 

 Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 267, 1889). 



Asturina albifrons Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 200 no locality = Brazil (type in 

 Frankfurt Museum); 1 Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 31, 1850 (diag.); 

 idem, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 489, 1850 (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 27, p. 368, 1859 Jalapa, Mexico. 



Buteo fuliginosus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 356, Nov. 9, 1858 

 State of Tamaulipas, Mexico (descr. of melanistic variety; type in Norwich 

 Museum); idem, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 4, (6), p. 267, pi. 62, 1858 

 Tamaulipas, Mexico (descr. and fig. of type); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1860, p. 401 Coban, Guatemala; Gurney, I.e., 1876, pp. 235 (meas. of 

 type), 477-480 Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalapa), Guatemala (Vera Paz), 

 Venezuela, and Peru (Tinta) (crit.; meas.); Scott, Auk, 5, p. 185, 1888 

 Cape Romano, Florida; idem, I.e., 6, p. 243, 1889 (crit.). 



Asturina brachyura Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 218 Guatemala. 



Buteo minutus (Natterer MS.) Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 44, 

 p. 14, 1861 Brazil and Cayenne (type, from Para, in Vienna Museum 

 examined); idem, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 141, 185, 1862 

 Cayenne, Para, and Matto Grosso (soft parts); idem, I.e., 15, p. 937, 

 1865 Matto Grosso (melanistic variety); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 

 [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso and Para, Brazil; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 4, p. 42, 1876 Tehuantepec City, Mexico. 



Buteo albifrons Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 10, 1862 Brazil (notes 

 on the types of F. albifrons Wied and Asturina albifrons Kaup). 



Buteola brachyura Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 394 NazarS, Para, Brazil; Tacza- 

 nowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 552 Amable Maria, Peru; 

 Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 201, 1874 (monog.); Gurney, Ibis, 

 1876, p. 479 Guatemala, Brazil (Para, Rio de Janeiro), and Veraguas 

 (meas.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, pp. 540, 637 

 Santa Elena, Colombia, and Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia; Sumichrast, La 

 Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 1881 Tonala, Chiapas; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, 



1 Doubtless No. 2682, Buteola brachyura, from Brazil, as listed by Hartert 

 (Kat. Vogels Mus. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesells., p. 176, 1891). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 143 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; Taczanowski, 

 Orn. Per., 1, p. 118, 1884 Amable Maria, Peru; Gurney, List Diurn. 

 Bds. Prey, p. 146, 1884 (crit.); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 

 2, p. 168, 1885 Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Salvin, Ibis, 1890, pp. 84, 

 89 Cozumel Island; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 

 1899 Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 353, 1899 Piracicaba, 

 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Ber- 

 lepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 La Merced, 

 Chanchamayo, Peru; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90, 1907 Piracicaba, 

 Sao Paulo; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne; Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 244, 1910 Alto Parana, Paraguay; 

 Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 

 1912 Nazare, Para; Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 79, 1913 

 Misiones; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913 Misiones; idem, 

 I.e., p. 301, 1914 Misiones; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Alto 

 Parana, Paraguay; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 131, 1914 (listed); 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 236, 1916 British Guiana (ex Quelch); 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 54, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Auk, 38, 

 p. 361, 1921 Escorial, Valle, Montana Sierra, and Culata, Me"rida, 

 Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 89, 1922 (chars.; range); Brandt, Auk, 

 41, p. 59, pi. 9, 1924 Florida (nesting habits); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 429, pi. [33], fig. 12 (egg), 1930 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 107, 1930 Matto Grosso; Griscom, I.e., 64, 

 p. 155, 1932 Guatemala (listed); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, 

 p. 311, 1931 Changuinola, Almirante, Panama; Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 431, 1936 Monte Carlo, Misiones; 

 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 254, 1937 (life hist.; range). 



Buteola fuliginosa Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 212, 1881 Mexico 

 (Mirador, Mazatlan, Tehuantepec), Florida (Oyster Bay), and Brazil 

 (Albuquerque) (descr.). 



Elanus amauroleucus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 166, Jan., 1901 

 banks of the Rio Parana, lat. 26 and 27 S., Paraguay (type in coll. of 

 A. de W. Bertoni). 



Buteo abbreviatus minimus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, Nov. 7, 1919 

 Miritiba, Maranhao, Brazil (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in the 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Auk, 38, 

 p. 360 (in text), 1921 (crit.). 



Range. Breeds in southern Florida, possibly in eastern Mexico 

 and Central America and locally in South America, where it occurs 

 as far south as Chimbo, western Ecuador, and east of the Andes in 

 eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil south to Misiones (Monte Carlo), 

 Argentina, and Paraguay (Alto Parana). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 20: Florida (Miami, 1; Charlotte 

 Harbor, 1; Chatham Bay, 1); Mexico (Tancitaro, Michoacan, 1; 



1 Additional specimens examined. Florida, 3. Mexico: Jalapa, 1. Guate- 

 mala: Coban, 1. Panama: CaloveVora, 1. French Guiana: Cayenne, 3. 

 Brazil: Para, 1; Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1; Joinville, 

 Santa Catharina, 2. 




144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 

 7); Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, Guayas, 1; Pacto, Pichincha, 1; 

 Rio Guallabamba, Pichincha, 1); Peru (Panao Mountains, Huanuco, 

 I; 1 San Ramon, Junin, 1); Brazil (Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1; 

 Miritiba, 1); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1). 



*Buteo fuscescens fuscescens (Vieillot). BUZZARD EAGLE. 



Spizaetus fuscescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 32, p. 55, 1819 

 based on "Aguila parda" Azara, No. 9, between 31 and 34 Lat. S., viz., 

 eastern Argentina (Corrientes or Entre Rfos) (descr. of young). 



Spizaetus melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 32, p. 57, 

 1819 based on "Aguila obscura y blanca" Azara, No. 8, Paraguay 

 (descr. of adult). 



Falco aguia Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 51, pi. "301" (=302), Oct. 23, 

 1824 Brazil (type in Paris Museum). 



Haliaetus melanoleucus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me>id., Ois., p. 76, 1835 

 part, eastern Argentina; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. 

 Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 3, 1837 part, Argentina and Bolivia; Burmeister, Syst. 

 Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 54, 1855 part, Brazil; idem, Reise La Plata St., 

 2, p. 435, 1861 part, Parana, Entre Rios. 



Asturina melanoleuca Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 5, 1862 part, 

 spec. Nos. 1-6, Brazil and Paraguay. 



Geranoaetus melanoleucus Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 592, 631, 

 1863 part, Brazil (Murungaba, Itarare") (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 

 1, p. 4, 1868 Itarare" and Murungaba, Sao Paulo; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 

 Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios; Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 409 

 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 

 6, p. 239, pi. 7, fig. 3 (egg), 1881 Est. de la Tala, Durazno, Uruguay; 

 (?)Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 1881 part, 

 Sierras del Azul and de Currumalan, Buenos Aires; Barrows, Auk, 1, 

 p. 110, 1884 Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios, and (?)Sierra de la 

 Ventana, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 64, 1889 

 Argentina (in part); Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143 lower Pilcomayo; Aplin, 

 Ibis, 1894, p. 194 Uruguay; Kerr, Ibis, 1901, p. 230 Paraguayan Chaco; 

 Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 part, Sao Paulo and Paraguay; 

 Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 part, Ceres, Santa 

 Fe"; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, pp. 243, 414, 1910 

 part, Mocovi, Santa Fe, and Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Grant, 

 Ibis, 1911, p. 332 Los Yngleses, Ajo; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 

 Paraguay; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 40, 1919 (in part); Gibson, Ibis, 

 1919, p. 508, 1920, p. 96 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Tremoleras, 

 El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 Florida and Minas, Uruguay; Seri6 and 

 Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rfos; M6n6gaux, Rev. 

 Franc. d'Orn., 1925, p. 279 Tataral del Bracho and Tataral de la Palisa, 

 near Icano, Santiago del Estero. 



1 Doubtfully identified with the present species. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 145 



Buteo melanoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 168, 1874 part, 

 southern Brazil; (?)Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. C6rdoba, 5, p. 75, 

 1884 Sierra del Tandfl and de la Tinta, Buenos Aires; Ihering, Ann. 

 Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande 

 do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 352, 1899 Sao Paulo. 



Geranoaetus melanoleucus melanoleucus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 67, 1922 

 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 345, 1926 (monog.); Laubmann, 

 Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 109, 1930 Mission Taca- 

 agl6 (Formosa), Galvez (near Rosario, Santa Fe"), and Rio de Oro (Chaco) 

 (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 227, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 413, 1936 Girardet, Santiago del Estero 

 (crit.; range). 



Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis (not of Swann) Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. 

 Publ. for 1922-23, p. 629, 1924 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires. 



Range. Southeastern Brazil, from Sao Paulo (Murungaba, 

 Itarare") to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay; Paraguay (including the 

 Chaco); eastern Argentina, from Formosa and Misiones south to 

 Santa FC", Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Paraguay, Chaco (190 km. west 

 of Puerto Casado, 2); 2 Uruguay (Quebrada de los Cuervos, Triente 

 y Tres, 1). 



*Buteo fuscescens australis (Swann). 3 WESTERN BUZZARD EAGLE. 



Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 67, Jan. 2, 1922 

 Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut (type in British Museum); Giacomelli, 

 El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 La Rioja; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 65, p. 305, 1923 thirty miles south of Maquinchao, Rio Negro; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 347, 1926 (monog.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. 



1 The exact limits of the range beyond Santa F6 remain to be determined by 

 adequate material. According to Steullet and Deautier, it comprises the northern 

 parts of the Province of Buenos Aires (Cape San Antonio) and probably extends 

 into the plains of Cordoba and Santiago del Estero. Like one from Paraguay 

 and others from Santa F6, the few examples seen from Brazil (Murungaba, Sao 

 Paulo) have a practically immaculate belly. No material seen from Province of 

 Buenos Aires. Dabbene found two adults from Lavalle (Cape San Antonio) to 

 pertain to the nominate race, while one from Guamini (extreme southwestern 

 section of Province of Buenos Aires), as recorded by Steullet and Deautier, is said 

 to be australis. 



1 One of these specimens has the belly immaculate, the other shows a tinge 

 of barring as in the race australis. 



3 Buteo fuscescens australis (Swann) is only distinguishable from the nominate 

 race by haying the belly more or less distinctly barred with blackish. While 

 these markings vary somewhat individually, I have never seen a Patagonian or 

 Andean individual with the belly as immaculately white as is the case in birds 

 from southern Brazil and Santa Fe\ I cannot distinguish the supposedly smaller 

 northern form (meridensis). Two adult males from the Cordillera of M6rida 

 have wings of 475 and 483; two adult females measure 520 and 530 mm., being 

 thus fully as large as southern individuals. Twenty additional specimens, including 

 eight from central Chile (Cuesta lo Prado, Santiago, Papudo, Batuco), examined. 




146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 246, 1930 Cullcui, Maranon River, Peru (crit.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 227, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 278, 1932 Chile (Rio Nirehuau, Llanquihue; 

 Limache, Valparaiso); Marelli, El Hornero, 5, p. 194, 1933 Fortin Chaco 

 and Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 38, 

 p. 140, 1934 El Romeral, Penco, Chile; Reynolds, I.e., 5, p. 347, 1934 

 Isla de los Conejos, Tierra del Fuego; idem, Ibis, 1935, p. 78 Wollaston, 

 Freycinet, Hermit, and Bayly Islands, Cape Horn; Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 414, 1936 Salta (Quebrada del Zorro, 

 Rosario), Neuquen (Nahuel Huapi), Rio Negro (Pichy Limay), Chubut 

 (Rio Deseado, Choiquenilahue, Colonia), and Santa Cruz (Cerro Dorotea, 

 Bahfa del Fondo) (crit.; range); Housse, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, (10), 20, 

 p. 93, 1937 Chile (range; habits). 



Haliaetus melanoleucus (not Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot) d'Orbigny, Voy. 

 Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 76, 1835 part, Chile and Patagonia (= Carmen 

 de Patagones, Buenos Aires); Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, 

 in Mag. Zool., 7, el. 2, p. 177, 1837 part, Chile and Patagonia; Burmeister, 

 Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 54, 1855 part, Chile (descr.); idem, Reise 

 La Plata St., 2, p. 435, 1861 part, Tucuman and (?)Rio Cuarto, 

 Cordoba; C. Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 315, 1889 

 Rios Chico and Senguer, Chubut. 



Haliaetus aguia (not Falco aguia Temminck) Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 11, p. 108, 1843 woods and mountainous parts of Chile (habits); Yarrell, 

 I.e., 15, p. 52, 1847 Chile (eggs); Bibra, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. 

 Akad. Wiss. Wien, 5, (2), p. 128, 1853 near Valparaiso, Chile. 



Buteo aguya Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 264, 1844 Peru; idem, 

 Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 89, 1846 Hacienda Pacchapata, Vitoc, 

 Peru. 



Pontoaetus melanoleucus Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, 

 p. 221, 1847 Chile; Boeck, Naumannia, 1855, p. 497 Valdivia, Chile; 

 Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 175, 1855 mountains of Chile; 

 Germain, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 309, 1861 Santiago, Chile (nest- 

 ing habits); Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 244, 1868 Chile; Lataste, 

 Extr. Proc.-Verb. Seances Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1923, p. 167 Cerro de 

 San Cristobal, Chile. 



Asturina mekmoleuca Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 5, 1862 part, 

 No. 7, Quito, Ecuador. 



Geranoaetus melanoleucus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 

 Bogota; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 592, 631, 1863 

 part, Chile; idem, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 7, 1865 Chile (crit.); 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile; idem and 

 Salvin, I.e., 1869, p. 155 Tungasuca, Peru; iidem, Ibis, 1869, p. 284 

 Cape Negro, Str. of Magellan; Hudson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 

 pp. 536, 539 Rio Negro; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 

 2, No. 2, p. 131, 1876 part, Chile (Santiago) and Colombia (Bogota) 

 (monog.); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 558, 1877 Banos de Cauquenes, 

 Colchagua, Chile; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 38 Chubut Valley (habits); 

 idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 397 Tambo Point, Chubut; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 434 Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan; 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 147 



iidem, I.e., 1879, p. 540 Antioquia, Colombia; Doering, in Roca, Inf. 

 Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 1881 part, Valley of the Rio Negro; 

 Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 3, p. 124, 1884 Peru (Lima, Ayacucho, Chan- 

 chamayo, Pumamarca, Nancho, Tumbez, Tambillo, Cutervo, Chacha- 

 poyas) ; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 64, 1889 (in part) ; Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 136, 1890 Elizabeth Island, 

 Straits of Magellan; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 sierras of 

 Cordoba; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 388 

 Lima, Peru; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 285, 1895 Chilecito, 

 La Rioja; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 205, 1896 Chile; Schalow, 

 Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), Suppl., 4, p. 695, 1898 Coquimbo (Ovalle, La 

 Serena) and Tierra del Fuego (Cape Espirito Santo) ; Salvadori and Festa, 

 Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900 La Concepcion (Chota), 

 Chaupi, and Cuenca, Ecuador; Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 

 Genova, 40, p. 614, 1900 Santa Cruz, Patagonia; Albert, Anal. Univ. 

 Chile, 108, p. 273, 1901 Cordilleras of Chile and Magallanes (descr.); 

 Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 222 Santa Carolina marshes, near Quito, 

 Ecuador; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902 Taff 

 Viejo and Concepcion, Tucuman; Dabbene, I.e., p. 355, 1902 Tierra del 

 Fuego; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 

 42 Maraynioc, Peru; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 

 Oran, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Taff 

 Viejo and Concepcion, Tucuman; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 15, 

 col. pi., 1907 Rio McClelland Settlement, Tierra del Fuego; Hartert 

 and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 part, Tucuman; Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243, 1910 (in part); Reed, Av. 

 Prov. Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 Precordillera of Mendoza; Sanzin, El 

 Hornero, 1, p. 149, 1918 Cordillera of Mendoza; Swann, Syn. List Accip., 

 p. 40, 1919 (in part); Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 48, 1920 

 Nilahue, Curico, Chile; idem, I.e., 25, p. 176, 1921 Los Andes and Valle 

 de los Leones, Aconcagua, Chile; Swann, Auk, 38, p. 359, 1921 Culata, 

 Escorial, Paramo Morro, and Nevados, Me>ida, Venezuela (crit.); Hell- 

 mayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 177, 1921 Patagonia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, 

 Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 36, 1922 La Carolina, Pichincha, Tucubamba 

 (south of Quito), Chaupicruz, Mount Corazon, San Bartolo, and Cotocallo, 

 Ecuador; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 32, 1924 Cerro de San 

 Bernardo, Santiago; Housse, I.e., 29, p. 141, 1925 San Bernardo, San- 

 tiago; Reed, I.e., p. 189, 1925 Donihue, O'Higgins, Chile; Wetmore, 

 Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 423, 1926 Huanuluan, Rio Negro (crit.); 

 idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. Ill, 1926 near City of Mendoza 

 and above Taff Viejo, Tucuman; Jaffuel and Piri6n, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 

 31, p. 103, 1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; Budin, El 

 Hornero, 4, p. 406, 1931 Sierras del Zenta, Jujuy; Castellanos, I.e., 5, 

 p. 9, 1932 Valle de los Reartes, C6rdoba; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. 

 Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 1941 Colombia. 



Geranoaetus aguia Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 550 Amable 

 Maria, Peru; idem, I.e., 1877, p. 745 Tumbez, Peru. 



Buteo melanoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 168, 1874 part, Rio 

 Negro and Chile; Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B.35, 1891 Santa 

 Cruz, Salinas, and Punta Delgada, Patagonia; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, 




148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



p. 501, 1898 Paramba and Ibarra, Ecuador; Gosse, in Fitz Gerald, The 

 Highest Andes, p. 343, 1899 Puente del Inca, Mendoza; Scott and 

 Sharpe, Rep. Univ. Princet. Exp. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 623, 1915 Holliday's 

 Ranch and Coy Inlet, Santa Cruz; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 Sinche, 

 Guaranda, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 226, 

 1926 Huigra and near Quito, Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., 

 Paris, (2), 4, p. 236, 1932 Cerro Guamanf, Ecuador. 



Spiziastur melanoleucus (errore) Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 60, 

 1921 Tungasuca, Peru (ex Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1869, p. 155). 



Geranoaelus melanoleucus meridensis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 2, p. 68, Jan. 2, 

 1922 Nevados, Me"rida, Venezuela (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 348, 1926 Venezuela to Ecuador (monog.); Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 227, 1931 (range). 



Buteo melanoleucus australis Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 95, p. 176, 1943 Padilla and Tutimayo, Bolivia. 



Geranoaetus melanoleucos meridensis Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, pi., 

 p. 88, 1945 Purace and Quintana, Cauca, Colombia. 



Range. Temperate zone of western and southern South America, 

 from the Andes of extreme western Venezuela (Cordillera of MeYida) 

 and Colombia through Ecuador, Peru, western Bolivia, western 

 Argentina, and Chile south to Tierra del Fuego, extending in Pata- 

 gonia north to the southern confines of Buenos Aires Province. 



Field Museum Collection. 13: Colombia, Cauca (Purace, 2; 

 Popayan, 1); Ecuador (Llanganate, Tunguragua, 1; Valle Guaylla- 

 bamba, Pichincha, 1; Volcan Cotopaxi, 1; Cayambe, Pichincha, 2; 

 Bocas del Itulcache, Napo Pastaza, 1); Peru (Cullcui, Rio Maranon, 

 Huanuco, 1); Argentina (Aconquija, Tucuman, 1); Chile (Hacienda 

 Limache, Aconcagua, 1; Rio Nirehuau, Aysen, 1). 



*Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Vieillot. WHITE-TAILED 

 HAWK. 



Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 4, p. 477, 1816 

 'TAmerique meridionale"; 1 idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 

 1223, 1823; Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 87, 1850 (crit.; type 

 not in Paris Museum); Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 71 (crit.); Durnford, Ibis, 

 1877, p. 187 Province of Buenos Aires; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, 

 p. 27, 1887 Lambare', Paraguay; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 Lomas 

 de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 61, 1889 

 Argentina (habits); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; 

 Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 142, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso 

 (plumages); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 Mocovf 



1 Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Berlepsch (Nov. Zool., 15, 

 p. 291, 1908). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 149 



and Ceres, Santa F6; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 507 Cape San Antonio, 

 Buenos Aires. 



Spizaetus leucurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 32, p. 58, 1819 

 based on "Aguila coliblanca" Azara, No. 10, Paraguay (not farther south 

 than 29 Lat. S.). 



Falco pterocles Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 10, pis. 56 (adult), 139 

 (young), May, 1821 Brazil (type in Paris Museum); Lesson, Man. 

 d'Orn., 1, p. 103, 1828 Brazil. 



Buteo albicauda Lesson, Trait d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 81, pi. 15, fig. 2, May, 1830 

 Brazil; 1 Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 214, 1850 (crit.). 



Buteo pterocles Lesson, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 80, Feb., 1830 Brazil (Tem- 

 minck's type, collected by A. de Saint-Hilaire, in Paris Museum) ; Cabanis, 

 in Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 92 (note), 1846 Sao Paulo (descr. of 

 dusky variety); Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 328 Brazil (crit.); Burmeister, Syst. 

 Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 49, 1855 Brazil; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 Buteones, p. 13, 1862 part, Nos. 2-4, Brazil; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. 

 Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 142, 185, 1862 part, Sao Paulo (Goyao, near Mugy 

 das Cruzes; Ypanema; Sao Paulo; Delgado; Murungaba; Irisanga; Rio 

 Parana) and Matto Grosso (Rio das Flechas, [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso) ; 

 idem, I.e., 15, p. 937, 1865 Itarare" and Rio Parana (Sao Paulo), and Rio 

 das Flechas (Matto Grosso) (melanism); idem, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, 

 Vogel, pp. 16, 19, 1865 same localities (melanism); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, 

 p. 3, 1868 part, Sao Paulo and Matto Grosso localities (as above); Rein- 

 hardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 72 Goyaz (Capaosinho) 

 and Minas Geraes (Ribeirao da Tolda, Lagoa Santa); Durnford, Ibis, 1876, 

 p. 161 near Chirilcay, Buenos Aires; Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. 

 Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 1881 Valley of the Rio Negro (near Choele- 

 Choel, Chinchinal, etc.); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 622 

 Monte Grande, Buenos Aires; Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 109, 1884 Arroyo 

 Gualeguaychu, Entre Rfos. 



Hypomorphnus leucurus Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 388, 1849 



(in part). 

 Buteo (Craxirex) albicaudatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 



p. 98 (in part). 



Tachytriorchis albicaudatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 162, 1874 

 part, eastern and central Brazil; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 352, 

 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 Sao Paulo 

 (Avanhandava) and Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco); Lillo, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Rio Salf and Cuesta de Mala- 

 mala, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 

 same localities; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243, 

 1910 (range in Argentina); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto 

 Parana, Paraguay; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. Patag., 

 2, Orn., p. 616, 1915 Rio Negro, Patagonia; Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, 



1 While Lesson's description ("te"te roussatre, flamm6e de brun; poitrine 

 blanchStre, flammed de roux; ventre et cuisses d'un roux vif") is altogether faulty, 

 the figure unquestionably represents the adult stage of the present species, as 

 has been justly remarked by Pucheran. 




150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



p. 92, 1920 Chaco; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 629, 

 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado 

 Tuerto, Santa Fe"; Bertoni, I.e., p. 398, 1926 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay; 

 Zotta, I.e., 4, p. 424, 1931 Martin Coronado, Buenos Aires. 



Buteo hypospodius (not of Gurney) Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 

 part, Brazil; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 part, Brazil; idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1922 part, Brazil. 



Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 "Chile" 

 and Argentina; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 86, 1922 Bahia to Paraguay, 

 Uruguay, Argentina, and "Chile"; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 312, 

 317, 318, 1925 (crit.; meas.; range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 417, 

 1928 (monog.; excl. of Chile); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, 

 p. 106, 1930 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco 

 Exp., Vogel, p. 108, 1930 Mission Tacaagle and Yunca Viejo, Formosa 

 (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931 (range); Laubmann, Verh. 

 Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 294, 1934 Estancia La Geraldina, Santa F6; 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 427, 1936 Girardet, 

 Santiago del Estero (crit.; range); Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 95, p. 176, 1943 Padilla, Bolivia. 



[Buteo albicaudatus] mut. aethiops (not Buteo (Asturina) aethiops Philippi) 

 Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 442 (footnote), 1924 Sao Paulo, Brazil 

 (descr. of the brownish black mutation). 



Range. Southern Brazil, from Matto Grosso, Goyaz, and Bahia 

 south to Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay; 

 Argentina from Tucuman, Santiago del Estero, and Formosa south 

 through Santa FC", Cordoba, Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires to the 

 Rio Negro. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Montero, 1; 

 Warnes, 1); Paraguay, Chaco (195-265 km. west of Puerto Ca- 

 sado, 6). 



1 Birds from Argentina agree well with those from Brazil. Characteristic of 

 the nominate race are the rather large size and the very dark, fuscous to blackish 

 coloration of the head, mantle, and wings. Occasional individuals such as an 

 adult male from Itarare", Sao Paulo, and another from Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, 

 however, are not nearly so dark, and by a grayish (or slaty) tinge to the upper 

 plumage betray a certain tendency toward the northern form (colonus). The 

 throat is generally wholly blackish, but in the Matto Grosso bird it is gray mixed 

 with white, and in the Itarar6 specimen entirely white as in many Texan examples 

 of Sennett's Hawk. Melanistic individuals (mut. aethiops Stresemann) are not 

 infrequent in Brazil, and a male secured by Natterer on the Rio Parana, Sao 

 Paulo, on May 7, 1823 described by Pelzeln in 1865 -save for lacking the rufous 

 touch on the scapulars and the whitish bars on thighs and middle abdomen, in 

 its uniform neutral gray color is an exact duplicate of the type of B. hypospodius. 

 The male from Villa Bella de Matto Grosso is hardly larger than B. a. colonus, of 

 northern South America. 



Wing measurements. Adult males: Itarare", 410, 430; Rio Parana, Sao Paulo, 

 410; Rio das Fleches, Matto Grosso, 410; Villa Bella, Matto Grosso, 400; Mocovi, 

 Santa F6, 425. Adult females: Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Murungaba, Itarare, 

 Goyaz), 440, 445, 455, 460; Tapia, Tucuman, 445; Tacaagle, Formosa, 445. 



Twenty specimens examined. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 151 



*Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch. 1 GUIANAN WHITE- 

 TAILED HAWK. 



Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch, Journ. Orn. f 40, p. 91, 1892 St. Chris- 

 toffle, Curacao Island (descr. of melanistic young; type in coll. of H. von 

 Berlepsch, now in Frankfort Museum, examined); Hartert, Ibis, 1893, 

 pp. 304, 321, 332 Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 

 9, p. 304, 1902 same localities; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 

 1, pp. 198, 205, 210, 253, 1909 same localities; Swann, Syn. List Accip., 

 p. 53, 1919 same localities; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 87, 1922 same localities; 

 Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 317, 318, 1925 Guiana to Venezuela, 

 Trinidad, Dutch West Indies, and eastern Colombia (crit.; meas.); Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 228, 1931 (range); Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89, 

 1934 Trinidad; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 591 Mount Hope, 

 Trinidad (nest and eggs); Brodkorb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 

 349, p. 6, 1937 Arary, Maraj6; Gilliard, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 77, 

 p. 458, 1941 Mount Auyan-Tepui, Venezuela; Lehmann, Rev. Univ. 

 Cauca, 6, p. 99, 1945 part, Venezuela (disc.). 



Buteo pterodes (not Falco pterocks Temminck) Cabanis, in Schomburgk, 

 Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 739, 1849 savanna of British Guiana; 

 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 13, 1862 part, No. 1, Surinam; 

 Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 142, 185, 1862 part, Forte 

 do Rio Branco; idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 part, Forte do Rio Branco, 

 Brazil. 



Tachytriorchis albicaudatus (not Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 162, 1874 part, spec, e, g, Caracas and Demerara (spec, 

 examined); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 130, 1914 Maraj6, Brazil; 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 231, 1916 Roraima; Young, Ibis, 1929, 

 p. 7 coastland of British Guiana. 



Buteo (Craxirex) albicaudatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 

 p. 98 (monog.; in part). 



Buteo hypospodius Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 73 part, River Amazonas; Ihering, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 part, Amazonas; Swann, Syn. List 



1 Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch: Similar to the nominate race, but 

 smaller, and coloration of head, mantle, and wings in normal plumage decidedly 

 lighter, neutral gray to dark neutral gray. Wing, (males) 375-400, (females) 

 425-440 (in one Quonga specimen 452). 



We have, of course, not been able to compare adult birds from Curacao, 

 which do not exist in collections, but as there is no material difference between 

 specimens from Marajo, British Guiana, Margarita Island, and M6rida, the 

 probability of there being a local insular form on the Dutch West Indian islands 

 seems hardly likely. The color of the throat varies as in the other races. It is 

 wholly white in two from Forte do Sao Joaquim (Rio Branco) and three from 

 British Guiana (Annai; Quonga; unspecified); white streaked with gray in one 

 from Annai and one from Margarita Island; wholly deep neutral gray in one from 

 Quonga; nearly blackish in two from Trinidad. The two specimens recorded by 

 Salvin and Chubb as B. unicolor are in the blackish brown melanistic phase (mut. 

 aethiops Stresemann) and are hardly distinguishable except by smaller size 

 from certain individuals obtained by Natterer in southern Brazil. 



Additional material examined. Trinidad: Chaguanas, 1; Port of Spain, 1. 

 British Guiana: Annai, 3; Quonga, 2; Roraima, 2; Merume' Mountains, 1; Deme- 

 rara, 1; unspecified, 1. Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 2; Maraj6, 

 2. Curacao, 2. 




152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Accip., p. 51, 1919 part, Amazonia; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1922 



part, Amazonia; Delacour, Ibis, 1923, p. 145 llanos of Guarico, Venezuela. 

 Buteo albicaudatus Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74 Roraima; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 



48, p. 89, 1892 Curasao (crit.); Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. 



Nat. Mus., 18, p. 661, 1896 Margarita Island; Clark, Auk, 19, p. 261, 



1902 west of Porlamar and El Valle, Margarita Island; Berlepsch, Nov. 



Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 (no record from Cayenne); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. 



Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, pp. 241, 253, 1909 Margarita Island. 

 Buteo unicolor (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 72 



Merum6 Mountains and Roraima, British Guiana; Chubb, Bds. Brit. 



Guiana, 1, p. 233, 1916 same localities (spec, examined). 

 Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906 



Chaguanas and Port of Spain, Trinidad. 

 Tachytriorchis albicaudatus exiguus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, 



p. 637, Dec. 30, 1915 Barrigon, Rio Meta, eastern Colombia (descr. of 



normal phase of adult; type in the American Museum of Natural History, 



New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 242, 1917 Barrigon. 

 Tachytriorchis albicaudatus colonus Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, 



p. 343, 1916 Maripa [Caura], Venezuela. 

 Buteo albicaudatus exiguus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 Colombia 



and Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 87, 1922 Colombia and Venezuela; 



Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, p. 105, pi., 1945 Llanos del Meta, 



Colombia (dist. chars.). 

 Buteo albicaudatus sennetti (not of Allen) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 86, 1922 



part, Venezuela and Amazon Valley. 

 Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 419, 1928 



(monog.). 



Range. Tropical zone of eastern Colombia (Rio Meta) and across 

 Venezuela (excepting MeYida region) to Surinam, south to the island 

 of Marajo, in the estuary of the Amazon, Brazil; also islands of 

 Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and Trinidad. 



Field Museum Collection. 7: Colombia (Villavicencio, Meta, 1); 

 Venezuela (La Asuncion, Margarita Island, 1); British Guiana 

 (Georgetown, 1; Buxton, 3); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 

 Amazonas, 1). 



*Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Gurney. 1 SENNETT'S WHITE- 

 TAILED HAWK. 



Buteo hypospodius Gurney, Ibis, (3), 6, p. 73, pi. 3, Jan., 1876 part, Co- 

 lombia (Medellin) and Venezuela (Me"rida) (type, from Medellin, in 

 Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum, examined); 



1 Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Gurney: Similar to B. a. colonus in grayish 

 tone of upper plumage, but fully as large as the nominate race. Wing, (males) 

 410-430, (females) 435-455. 



The dorsal surface in the normal, white-bellied plumage varies, rrespectiye 

 of locality, from neutral gray to dark neutral gray. The color of the throat is 

 likewise variable. Among six adults from Corpus Christi, Texas, three have a 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 153 



Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 540 Medellin, 

 Colombia; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 part, Colombia and 

 Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1922 part, Colombia and Venezuela. 



Buteo erylhronotus (not of King) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 211, 

 1857 Orizaba, Mexico; idem, I.e., 27, pp. 368, 389, 1859 Jalapa, Vera 

 Cruz, and Talea, Oaxaca, Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 401 

 near Antigua, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, 

 p. 133, 1868 San Jos6 and San Antonio, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., p. 207, 

 1869 Me>ida, Yucatan; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1889 Costa 

 Rica. 



Buteo albonolatus (not of Kaup) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 217 

 south slope of Cordillera of Guatemala. 



Buteo pterocles (not Falco pterocles Temminck) Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 Buteones, p. 13, 1862 part, spec. No. 5, Mexico; Pelzeln, Reise Novara, 

 Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 16, 1865 part, Mexico (melan.); Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 782 Andes of MSrida, Venezuela (spec, 

 examined); Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 41, 1876 Tapana, 

 Tehuantepec, Mexico. 



Tachytriorchis pterocles Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 210, 1869 Costa Rica 

 (crit.). 



Buteo albicaudatus (not of Vieillot) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 

 275 CaloveVora and Chitra, Veraguas (spec, examined); Merrill, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 154, 1878 Fort Brown, Texas, and Mexico (Colima, 

 City of Mexico, Tehuantepec) (descr.; nest and eggs); Sennett, Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 5, No. 3, p. 420, 1879 lower Rio Grande 

 Valley, Texas (nest and eggs descr.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1879, p. 540 Santa Elena and Rio Negro, Antioquia, Colombia; 

 Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 167, 1886 Jalapa, Vera Cruz; 

 Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 234, pi. 7, figs. 8, 9 (eggs), 1892 

 Gulf coast and lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (habits) ; Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 58, 1900 part, Texas (lower Rio 

 Grande Valley), Mexico (Zacatecas, Jalapa, Mirador, Orizaba, Talea, 

 Puebla, Tehuantepec, Tapana, Tonala, Cacoprieto, Me>ida), Guatemala 

 (Antigua, Duenas, El Baoul, San Geronimo), Costa Rica (San Jos6, San 

 Antonio), and Panama (CaloveVora, Chitra). 



Tachytriorchis albicaudatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 162, 1874 

 part, southern Mexico and Central America; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 

 5, p. 236, 1881 Mexican localities. 



wholly white throat, in one it is entirely blackish, and in two others white streaked 

 with dusky. Two from Antioquia (Santa Elena and Concordia) and one from 

 Oaxaca (Cacoprieto) have the throat dark gray suffused with white medially; 

 one from Mexico (Zacatecas) and one from Veraguas (CaloveVora), plain neutral 

 gray; one from San Ger6nimo, Guatemala, wholly white. 



B. hypospodius was based upon melanistic individuals (in nearly uniform 

 neutral gray plumage) from Antioquia (Medellin) and Venezuela (low wooded 

 region of Merida). This mutation has not yet been recorded from either Texas 

 or Central America. 



Additional material examined. Texas: Corpus Christi, 10. Mexico: Zacatecas, 

 1; Cacoprieto, Oaxaca, 1; unspecified, 2. Guatemala: San Geronimo, 1; Dueflas, 

 1. Panama: Calovevora, Veraguas, 1. Colombia: Santa Elena, 1; Concordia, 

 1; Medellin, 2; Rio Negro, 1. Venezuela, M6rida: lower wooded region of M6rida, 

 1;E1 Valle, 1; Muenraba, 1. 




154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo (Craxirex) albicaudatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 

 p 98 part, Central America (Mirador, Colima, City of Mexico, Tehuan- 

 tepec, etc.). 



Buteo albicaudatus sennetti Allen, Bull Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 144, July 19, 

 1893 lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (type in the American Museum 

 of Natural History, New York) ; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 456, 

 1910 Costa Rica (San Jose 1 , Cerro de Santa Maria, Laguna de Ochomogo) ; 

 Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Altamira and Matamoros, Tamaulipas; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 (range in part); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 86, 1922 part, Texas to Colombia; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 

 312, 1925 (melanism in Colombia and Me>ida) ; Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 

 42, p. 535, 1925 Brownsville, Texas; Friedmann, I.e., p. 545, 1925 

 Brownsville, Texas; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 418, pis. [23] and 

 [33], fig. 8 (nest and eggs), 1928 Texas to Colombia (monog.); Griscom, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 152, 1932 Progreso, Guatemala. 



Buteo albicaudatus exiguus (not of Chapman) Swann, Auk, 38, p. 361, 1921 

 Montanas Morro, M6rida, Venezuela. 



Buteo albicaudatus subsp. Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 150, 

 1922 Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia (crit.). 



Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 317, 318, 

 1925 Texas to Colombia and Venezuela (Me>ida) (meas.); Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 228, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, 

 p. 373, 1934 Chilpancingo, Guerrero; idem, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Vera- 

 guas; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 216, 1937 (life hist.); Lehmann, 

 Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, p. 94, 1945 Cauca, Tolima, and Sierra de Perija, 

 Magdalena (pis.). 



Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 

 226, 1926 part, San Pedro, Antioquia, Colombia (crit.). 



Buteo albicaudatus colonus (not of Berlepsch) Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 

 6, p. 99, 1945 part, Santa Marta and La Guajira, Colombia. 



Range. Southern Texas and southward through Mexico, Guate- 

 mala, Costa Rica, and Panama to northern Colombia (Santa Elena, 

 Rio Negro, Medellin, and San Pedro, Antioquia; Bonda, Santa 

 Marta region) and western Venezuela (Cordillera of Me"rida). 



Field Museum Collection. 19: Texas (Laredo, 1; Rockport, 1; 

 Fancher, Baylor County, 1; Nueces County, 2; Cameron County, 5; 

 Brownsville, 7); Mexico (Alamos, Tres Marias, Sonora, 1); Hon- 

 duras (Rio Guanaca, Colon, 1). 



*Buteo albonotatus Kaup. ZONE-TAILED HAWK. 



[Buteo] albonotatus (G. R. Gray) 1 Kaup, Isis, 1847, Heft 5, col. 329, May, 

 1847 no locality given= Mexico (type in British Museum examined); 

 idem, I.e., Heft 12, col. 954 (corr.). 



1 Buteo albonotatus G. R. Gray (List Spec. Bds. Brit. Mus., Part 1, Accipitres, 

 p. 17, 1844 Mexico) is a nomen nudum. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 155 



Buteo albonotatus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 74 "South America"= Mexico 

 (diag.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 253, 1860 vicinity of 

 Orizaba, Mexico; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 San Antonio, 

 Costa Rica; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 302, 1874 Mazatlan, 

 Mexico; van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 429, 1934 Alamos, 

 Hacienda de San Rafael, and Oposura, Sonora; idem, Trans. San Diego Soc. 

 N. H., 8, p. 127, 1936 Arivaca and Baboquivaris, Sonora (breeding); 

 Van Tyne and Sutton, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 37, p. 22, 

 1937 Hot Springs and west of Boquillos, Brewster County, Texas (crit.); 

 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 212, 1937 (life hist.; range). 



Buteo abbreviatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 739, 1849 upper Pomeroon River, British Guiana (type in Berlin 

 Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 348 near the gates 

 of Lima, Peru (Sept., 1862); Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8, p. 30, 

 1883 Tucson, Arizona; Mearns, Auk, 3, p. 63, 1886 New River and 

 Verde River, Arizona (descr. of plumages; habits); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, 

 p. 72 British Guiana (ex Cabanis); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 9, p. 167, 1886 Chietla, Puebla, Mexico (December); Bendire, Life Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 228, pi. 7, fig. 6 (egg), 1892 southwestern United 

 States (habits); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 59, 

 1900 southwestern United States, Mexico (Hermosillo, Sonora; Mazatlan; 

 Valley of Mexico; Sierra de Valparaiso, Zacatecas; Chietla, Puebla; "Vera 

 Cruz"=near Orizaba), Guatemala, Costa Rica (San Lucas, La Palma, San 

 Antonio); Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 167, 

 1901 La Guaira, Venezuela; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 346, 

 1905 Escuinapa, Sinaloa; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 46, p. 144, 1905 San Miguel Island, Pearl Archipelago; Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 456, 1910 Costa Rica (rare migrant); Rendahl, 

 Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 19, 1920 San Miguel Island, Panama; Todd 

 and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 150, 1922 Mamatoco (July 31) 

 and Bonda (June 23, Sept. 27), Santa Marta, Colombia; Griscom and 

 Crosby, Auk, 42, p. 535, 1925 Brownsville, Texas; Huey, I.e., 43, p. 

 353, 1926 Lower California (La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir; El 

 Rayo, Sierra Juarez; Laguna Hanson); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 

 32, p. 109, 1928 Lower California (chiefly in San Pedro Martir region). 



Buteo zonocercus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 130, July 12, 1858 

 Guatemala (type in Norwich Museum); idem, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 4, (6), p. 263, pi. 59, 1858 Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 

 p. 217 southern slope of the Cordillera of Guatemala; Coues, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 46 Gila River, Arizona; L&rtaud, Ois. Trinidad, 

 p. 9, 1866 Trinidad (rare); Cooper, Geol. Surv. Calif., Orn., 1, p. 479, 

 1870 thirty miles north of San Diego, California; Brewster, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. CL, 4, p. 80, 1879 Comal County, Texas (nest and eggs descr.); 

 Stevens, I.e., p. 189, 1879 Gila River, New Mexico (breeding). 



Buteo cabanisii Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteo nes, p. 11 (note), 1862 

 Mexico and British Guiana (co types 1 in Berlin Museum). 



1 Schomburgk's Guianan specimen is the type of B. abbreviatus Cabanis. 




156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Buteo fuliginosus (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, 

 p. 133, 1868 La Palma, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 

 1869 La Palma. 



Tachytriorchis abbreviatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 163, 1874 

 (monog.); Penard, Vog. Guyana, 1, p. 391, 1908 Surinam; Snethlage, 

 Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 130, 1914 Pacoval, Marajo, Brazil; Chubb, Bds. 

 Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 232, 1916 upper Pomeroon River; Snethlage, Bol. 

 Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 47, 1926 Ceara. 



Buteo abbreviatus abbreviatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 (range); 

 idem, Auk, 38, p. 360, 1921 (crit.). 



Buteo albonotatus albonotatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 83, 1922 Mexico to 

 Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 406, 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 southwestern 

 United States to Panama; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 

 6, p. 243, 1931 Obregon, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 64, p. 153, 1932 Ocos, Guatemala (crit.); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 72, p. 313, 1932 Perme, Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Perme; 

 van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 56, 

 1945 Sonora (distr.). 



Buteo albonotatus abbreviatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 83, 1922 Pearl Islands 

 east to Surinam, south to Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil (chars.); idem, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 408, 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 

 Pearl Islands and northern South America; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 

 1934, p. 591 Trinidad (resident); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 78, p. 299, 1935 Pearl Islands; Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, p. 121, 

 1945 Meta and Morelia, Colombia (disc.). 



Range. Breeds from the southwestern United States (south- 

 western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and extreme southern Cali- 

 fornia) south throughout Lower California and Mexico to northern 

 Nicaragua (teste Griscom) ; also scattered records from Costa Rica, 

 Panama (San Miguel, Pearl Islands; Perme', Darien), Colombia 

 (Santa Marta region; Caqueta), western Peru (near Lima), Vene- 

 zuela (Macuto and La Guaira, near Caracas), British Guiana (upper 

 Pomeroon River), Surinam, the Island of Trinidad, Brazil (Pacoval, 

 Marajo Island; Parana), Paraguay and Bolivia. 1 



x We do not know on what material Swann based his distinction between 

 albonotatus and abbreviatus, but as far as color-characters are concerned this 

 difference is certainly not borne out by the specimens in the British Museum and 

 others examined. The slaty tone of the plumage, said to be characteristic of the 

 northern form, is discernible only in a bird from the Sierra de Valparaiso, Zacatecas, 

 but recurs in a male obtained by W. Nation near the gates of Lima, Peru. The 

 presence of subterminal white spots in the body plumage is a purely individual 

 feature. The type of albonotatus, a male from Presidio de Mazatlan, Sinaloa, the 

 Lima bird, and one from Parana, southern Brazil, are profusely spotted with 

 white, particularly below; a male from Hermosillo, Sonora, shows numerous spots 

 on foreneck and chest; one from Mexico has just a few on the outer webs of the 

 upper tail coverts, while the Zacatecas specimen has none at all. The rectrices 

 vary but little as to the number and color of the light cross-bands. As to dimen- 

 sions, there is perhaps a slight average difference in that the birds from the United 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 157 



Field Museum Collection. 9: Arizona (Tucson, Pima County, 1; 

 Baboquivari Valley, Pima County, 2; Camp Lowell, Cochise County, 

 1; Phoenix, Maricopa County, 1); Texas (Brownsville, 1); Mexico 

 (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1); Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua, 1); Para- 

 guay (195 km. west of Puerto Casado, 1). 



*Buteo nitidus plagiatus (Schlegel). MEXICAN GOSHAWK. 



Aslurina plagiata Schlegel, 1 Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, Asturinae, p. 1 (note), 1862 

 Vera Cruz, Mexico (descr. of young; co types in Berlin Museum); Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 130 Mexico (Nuevo Leon, 

 Jalapa, Vera Cruz), Guatemala, and Costa Rica (monog.); iidem, Exot. 

 Orn., p. 170, pi. 90 (adult and young), 1869 Mexico, Guatemala (Vera 

 Paz, San Geronimo), and Costa Rica (La Barranca, Pacific coast); Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1869, p. 317 Costa Rica; idem, Ibis, 1870, p. 114 Costa Rica 

 (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 838 San 

 Pedro, Honduras; Finsch, Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 325, 

 1870 Mazatlan, Sinaloa (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 204, 

 1874 (monog.); Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 298, 1874 

 Mazatlan; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 38, 1876 Tehuantepec 

 (Chihuitan, Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec City); Nutting, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 5, p. 403, 1882 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 

 6, p. 377, 1883 San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1883, p. 456 Yok-satz, Yucatan; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 6, p. 388, 1884 Sucuya, Nicaragua; Scott, Auk, 3, p. 423, 1886 near 

 Tucson, Arizona; Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 166, 1886 

 Jalapa and Plan del Rio, Vera Cruz; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 1, p. 126, 1887 Acajutla, Salvador, and San Mateo, Costa Rica; Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1889, p. 374 Ruatan Island; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1890, p. 205 Tunkas, Yucatan; Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, 

 p. 251, 1892 southern Arizona and New Mexico (habits); Allen, Bull. 



States and Central America are larger, but the material from South America is 

 altogether inadequate, and a female from Bolivia (Prov. del Sara) is larger than 

 any other we have seen! Besides, it appears that at least some of the individuals 

 taken in South America are merely migrants from the north, and aside from the 

 dates of certain Santa Marta records (Mamatoco, July 31; Bonda, June 23), 

 which might refer to breeding birds, there does not exist any absolutely con- 

 clusive proof for the nesting of this buzzard anywhere east of the Andes. Schom- 

 burgk's note on its breeding in British Guiana was based on hearsay, and what 

 the Penards say about Surinam is not very definite either. The two eggs taken 

 near Diego Martin, Trinidad, on March 2, 1927, by Belcher and Smooker were 

 "believed to be of this species," so the identity of the breeding birds was evidently 

 not ascertained beyond doubt. 



Wing measurements (adults). Males: Arizona, 397; Sonora (Hermosillo), 395; 

 Sinaloa (Presidio de Mazatlan), 390; Honduras (Santa Ana), 405; Surinam, 385; 

 Lima, Peru, 386; Parana, Brazil, 375. Females: Arizona (four), 410-430; Zacatecas 

 (Sierra de Valparaiso), 415; Bolivia (Prov. del Sara), 460. 



Van Tyne and Button give the wing of a male from Brewster County, Texas, 

 as 384, that of a female from the same locality as 431 mm. 



1 Buteo plagiatus Lichtenstein (Nomencl. Av. Mus. Zool. Berol., p. 3, 1854 

 Mexico) is a nomen nudum. 




158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 34, 1893 Fronteras and Oputo, Sonora; Lantz, 

 Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 219, 1899 Naranjo, Guatemala; Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 74, 1900 Mexico to Costa 

 Rica; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 345, 1905 Escuinapa and 

 Papachal, Sinaloa; idem, I.e., 22, p. 163, 1906 La Ci&iaga, Durango; 

 Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 121, 1906 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; 

 Bailey, Auk, 23, p. 386, 1906 San Bias, Tepic (breeding); Dearborn, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 Gualan and Patulul, 

 Guatemala; Visher, Auk, 27, p. 281, 1910 Pima County, Arizona (breed- 

 ing); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 459, 1910 Santo Domingo, 

 Bolson, and Bebedero, Costa Rica; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 

 Altamira, Rio Martinez, Santa Leonor, and Rio Cruz, Tamaulipas; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 (chars.; range); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 

 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Zapatera, Nicaragua. 



Asturina nitida (not Falco nitidus Latham) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 25, pp. 201, 227, 1857 Jalapa and Santecomapam, Vera Cruz; Baird, 

 Rep. Expl. & Surv. Pacif. R. R. f 9, p. 35, 1858 Nuevo Le6n, Mexico; 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, pp. 368, 389, 1859 vicinity of Jalapa, 

 Talea, and Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 

 217 hot country of both coasts of Guatemala; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 225 

 Comayagua and Tigre Island, Honduras; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 68 San 

 Geronimo, Guatemala (eggs descr.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 p. 178 vicinity of Mexico City; Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 204 Guatemala; 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 133, 1868 Gulf of Nicoya, 

 Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 Costa Rica. 



Morphnus schistaceus (not Asturina schistacea Sundevall) Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 25, p. 227, 1857 Santecomapam, Vera Cruz. 



Urubitinga ? Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 216 Guatemala (cf. 



Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 204). 



Asturina polionota (not of Kaup, 1847) Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 208, 

 1869 Costa Rica (descr. of adult; type in Berlin Museum). 



Asturina nitida plagata Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 31, 1883 Tucson, 

 Arizona (nest and eggs descr.). 



Asturina plagiata micrus Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 25, p. 4, 

 Dec. 7, 1921 four miles northeast of Chinandega, Nicaragua (type in 

 the American Museum of Natural History, New York) ; Peters, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 69, p. 416, 1929 Lancetilla, Tela, and Progreso, Honduras 

 (crit.); van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 303, 1930 (crit.); Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 436, 1930 (monog.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 84, p. 300, 1932 Cantarranas, Honduras; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 64, p. 155, 1932 Guatemala (Finca Carolina, Finca El Cipres, 

 Finca El Espina, Puebla, Hacienda California, San Lucas); Bond, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88, p. 356, 1936 Ruatan Island. 



Asturina plagiata plagiata Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, 1922 Arizona, Texas, 

 and Mexico; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 12, 1926 Palmul and 

 Acomal, eastern Yucatan; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, 

 p. 20, 1927 Labrados, Sinaloa; Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 42, p. 535, 

 1928 Lomita, lower Rio Grande, Texas; Austin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 69, p. 373, 1929 Belize, British Honduras; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 159 



1, p. 435, 1930 (monog.); van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 303, 1930 (crit.); 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 373, 1934 Acapulco and Coyuca, 

 Guerrero; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 264, 1937 (habits). 



Asturina plagiata minor Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, 1922 Costa Rica and 

 Nicaragua (lapsus for A. p. micrus). 



Asturina nitida plagiata Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 

 388, 1928 Chivela and Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 240, 1931 (range). 



Asturina plagiata maxima van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 303, Nov., 1930 San 

 Javier, Sonora (type in coll. of D. R. Dickey, in the University of Cali- 

 fornia, Los Angeles); idem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 243, 1931 

 Sonora (San Javier, Saric, Chinobampo, Guirocoba, Magdalena). 



Asturina nitida micrus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 240, 1931 (range); Van Tyne, 

 Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Chuntuquf, Pete"n, 

 Guatemala. 



Buteo plagiatus maximus van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 429, 

 1934 Sonora (Alamos, San Rafael, Nacozari). 



Buteo nitida micrus Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 532, 1941 

 Las Lajas, Guatemala; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, 

 p. 203, 1941 Chichen Itza, Yucatan, and Matamoros, Campeche. 



Buteo nitidus maximus van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana State 

 Univ., 21, p. 57, 1945 Sonora (distr.). 



Range. Southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and 

 southern Texas (lower Rio Grande Valley) south through Mexico 

 and Central America to northwestern Costa Rica (Gulf of Nicoya). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 38: Arizona (Tucson, 1; Calabasas, 1); 

 Mexico (Camoa, Sonora, 2; Estancia, Sinaloa, 1; San Simon, Sinaloa, 

 1; Apatzingan, Michoacan, 3; Colima, 1; Matamoros, Campeche, 1; 



1 Several attempts have been made to subdivide the Mexican Goshawk, but 

 on examining a very satisfactory series of nearly eighty specimens we fail to see 

 any justification in recognizing more than one form. To begin with, the gray 

 bars underneath in 5. n. micrus from Costa Rica and Nicaragua are neither broader 

 nor darker than in numerous Mexican examples. The tail markings, in the light 

 of the British Museum material, prove to be without any consequence, being 

 subject to much individual variation. In the very large Mexican series there 

 are but a few in which the second tail-band can be called complete, viz., in one 

 each from Sonora, Mazatlan, Tampico, Sierra Madre (above Ciudad Victoria), 

 Plan del Rio (Jalapa), and Yucatan (Peto), as well as in two from Nuevo Le6n. 

 In all the others, it is more or less incomplete; on the median rectrix it is often 

 merely suggested by an oval spot on each side of the shaft, such as in one from the 

 Plains of Colima, one from Sierra Madre (above Ciudad Victoria), one from 

 Yucatan, and two from Nuevo Leon. Only a few examples (Sonora, 1 ; Tampico, 1 ; 

 Nuevo Le6n, 1; Presidio de Mazatlan, 2) show traces of a third white bar at 

 the root of the tail. Among five Guatemalan skins, four have an incomplete 

 second band like the majority from Mexico, while the fifth has just a tiny oval 

 white spot near the shaft of the outer web, thus less than any other specimen 

 except some Ruatan birds. Of the so-called "micrus," one from Bebede'ro, Costa 

 Rica, has two complete white tail-bands and on the lateral rectrices indications 

 of a third near the base; two others, from La Libertad, Salvador, and Chinandega, 

 Nicaragua, respectively, likewise show a fairly well-marked second bar not quite 

 reaching the shaft; while one from San Emilio, Nicaragua, has but a limited central 




160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Chichen Itzd, Yucatan, 2; Yucatan, 1; Escemapa, 1); Guatemala 

 (Escuintla, Escuintla, 1; Tiquisate, Escuintla, 1; Patulul, Solola, 1; 

 Gualan, Zacapa, 1; San Jose", 2); El Salvador (Laguna Olomega, 

 San Miguel, 2; Sitio del Ninio, La Libertad, 2; Sonsonate, Sonsonate, 

 1; San Sebastian, 1; Hacienda Zapatitan, 1); Honduras (Cofradia, 

 Cortes, 1; Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 1); Nicaragua (San 

 Emilio, Rivas, 1); Costa Rica (Ballena, Guanacaste, 2; Bebedero, 

 Guanacaste, 2; Punta Piedra, Guanacaste, 1; Paquera, Nicoya, 1; 

 Las Agujas, 1). 



*Buteo nitidus blakei nom. nov. 1 COSTA RICAN GOSHAWK. 



Asturina nitida costaricensis (not Buteo borealis var. coslaricensis Ridgway, 

 1874) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, Jan. 2, 1922 Pozo del Rio Grande, 

 "Bornea" (=Boruca), Costa Rica (type in Museum of Comparative 

 Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 434, 1930 

 Costa Rica to Panama (monog.); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 71, p. 366, 1930 Rio Frio and Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia (crit.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 240, 1931 southwestern Costa Rica to Panama; 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932 Perme and Obaldia, 

 Panama; idem, I.e., 78, p. 299, 1935 Pacific slope of Panama (Veraguas, 

 Canal Zone, Darien); Davidson, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 23, p. 256, 

 1938 Barriles, Chiriquf, Panama. 



spot involving both sides of the shaft, like a male from the Plains of Colima. 

 As to size, specimens from Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica are practically 

 the same as those from eastern Mexico (typical plagiata), while in the inhabitants 

 of western Mexico (Sonora to Tepic) there is a very slight tendency to larger dimen- 

 sions. 



Five birds from Ruatan Island, off Honduras, have a lesser amount of white 

 in the tail than those from the continent, only one having an incomplete second 

 bar, like the majority from Mexico; two, a small oval white spot on each side 

 of the shaft, like the male from the Plains of Colima; and two others, just a faint 

 trace on the outer web near the shaft. 



Wing measurements (adults). Males: Sonora, 250, 250, 254; Presidio de 

 Mazatlan, 250; Mazatlan, 245; Plain of Colima, 255, 260; near Guadalajara, Jalisco, 

 255; Santiago, Tepic, 250; Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, 250; Nuevo Leon (Rio Camacha, 

 Hacienda La Cruz), 250, 255, 260; Tamaulipas (Sierra Madre, above Ciudad 

 Victoria), 235, 260; Vera Cruz (Plan del Rio Jalapa, Laguna Verde), 245, 245, 

 250; Chiapas (Tuxtla, San Benito, Huehuetan), 240, 240, 242; Yucatan (Peto), 

 236, 240; Ruatan Island, Honduras, 240, 242; Guatemala (Chimalapa, San 

 Geronimo), 240, 250; La Libertad, Salvador, 243; Nicaragua (San Emilio, Chinan- 

 dega), 240, 243; Costa Rica (Nicoya), 247. Females: Presidio de Mazatlan, 275; 

 Mazatlan, 290; Manzanillo, Colima, 270; Nuevo Leon, 265, 265; Tamaulipas 

 (Tampico, Xicotencal, Sierra Madre), 270, 275, 275; Ruatan Island, off Honduras, 

 265, 270; Guatemala (Polochic River; Savanna Grande), 262, 268; Nicaragua 

 (Chinandega), 270; Costa Rica (Bebedero), 260. 



1 Buteo nitidus blakei Hellmayr and Conover: Very similar to B. n. nitidus, 

 but somewhat darker above and below. 



This rather questionable form is admitted on the authority of Darlington 

 and Griscom. The only two available specimens, both from the Panama Railroad, 

 we are unable to separate satisfactorily from the nominate race. We have no 

 material from western Ecuador. C.E.H. 




Asturina nitida (not Falco nitidus Latham) (?)Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 28, p. 288, 1860 Babahoyo, western Ecuador; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. 

 Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 316, 1861 Atlantic side of Panama; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad; iidem, I.e., 1869, 

 p. 130 part, Panama and (?)western Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 203, 1874 part, Panama; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Amer., Aves, 3, p. 73, 1900 part, Panama; Bangs, Proc. New Eng. 

 Zool. Cl., 2, p. 15, 1900 Loma del Le6n, Panama; Allen, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 13, p. 129, 1900 Bonda, Santa Marta; Bangs, Auk, 24, 

 p. 290, 1907 El Pozo de TSrraba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 6, p. 459, 1910 El P6zo de Terraba, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 part, Remolino, Magdalena; Stone, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 249, 1918 Gatun, Panama. 



Asturina nitida nitida Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, Panama 

 and Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 153, 1922 

 Bonda, Don Diego, Mamatoco, and Dibulla, Santa Marta, Colombia. 



Range. Southwestern Costa Rica (TeYraba Valley) south 

 through Panama to the lower Magdalena Valley and the Santa Marta 

 region, Colombia; (?)western Ecuador. 



Field Museum Collection. 1 : Colombia (Caracolicito, Magdalena, 



I)- 1 



*Buteo nitidus nitidus (Latham). GUIANAN SHINING GOSHAWK. 



Falco nitidus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 41, 1790 based on "Plumbeous Falcon" 

 Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 37, Cayenne; Temminck, Nouv. Rec. 

 PI. Col., livr. 15, pis. 87 (adult), 294 (young), Oct., 1821 Guiana and 

 Brazil; Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 19, 1924 Island of Maraj6, 

 Brazil. 



Asturia (sic) cinerea Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 68, April, 1816 

 Guiana; idem and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), pi. 20, 1820. 



Astur striolatus Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, p. 332, 1829 based on Temminck, 

 Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., pis. 87, 294, and Vieillot [and Oudart], Gal. Ois., 

 1, (1), pi. 20. 



Asturina nitida Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 737, 1849 coast of British Guiana; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 

 12, pp. 140, 172, 1862 part, Cayenne, Borba, Barra do Rio Negro, and 

 Para; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 1, 1862 Surinam and 

 Cayenne; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 80 Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 northern side of Amazon; Pelzeln, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 part, Borba, Barra do Rio Negro, and Para, Brazil; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 169, 173 north coast 

 of Venezuela; iidem, I.e., 1869, p. 130 part, Bogota, Venezuela, Trinidad, 

 Cayenne, British Guiana, lower Amazon, Barra [do Rio Negro], and 

 Borba (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 203, 1874 part, 



1 This specimen is distinctly lighter than two adult skins from British Guiana 

 and a series from Amazonian Brazil. Therefore it is exactly opposite to the 

 description given by Swann but agrees with Darlington's remarks on birds from 

 Santa Marta, the type and two other skins from Costa Rica. B.C. 




162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



spec, d-f, north side of Amazon, Caracas, and Demerara; Allen, Bull. 

 Essex Inst., 8, p. 82, 1876 Santarem; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 72 British 

 Guiana; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil; 

 Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900 

 Gualaquiza, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 113, 

 1902 Suapure", Caura, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 382, 

 1906 Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90, 

 1907 (range in part); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 89, 1907 Teffe, Rio 

 Solimoes, Brazil; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 292, 1908 Cayenne; Stone, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 194, 1913 Boca Uracoa, Manimo 

 River, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 131, 1914 Para, 

 Peixe-Boi, Arapiranga, Maraj6 (Pacoval, Dunas), and Maranhao; Cherrie, 

 Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 344, 1916 Caicara, Orinoco, Vene- 

 zuela; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 237, 1916 Annai, Upper Takutu 

 Mountains, Mazaruni River, and Abary River; Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 part, Villavicencio and Barrigon, eastern 

 Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 Para. 



Astur nitidus Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 46, 1866 Trinidad. 



Asturina nitida nitida Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 411, 1910 Borba, Rio 

 Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 

 pp. 77, 96, 1912 Para and Santo Antonio, Para; Bangs and Penard, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 36, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, Amazonia and Guiana; idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 89, 1922 part, Amazonia, Ecuador, Guiana, and Colombia; 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 231, 1926 Zamora, Ecuador; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 432, 1930 part, Amazonia, Ecuador, 

 Guiana, and Colombia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 241, 1931 (in part); 

 Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 591 Trinidad (nest and eggs descr.); 

 Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89, 1934 Caroni Swamp, Trinidad. 



Range. Island of Trinidad, Venezuela west to the eastern base 

 of the East Colombian Andes (Villavicencio, Barrigon), and eastern 

 Ecuador; the Guianas; Amazonian Brazil east to the wooded region 

 of northern Maranhao. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 19: Colombia (Quename, Llanos del 

 Meta, 1); Venezuela (Lake Valencia, Carabobo, 1; Cocollar, Sucre, 1); 

 Trinidad (unspecified, 1); British Guiana (Rockstone, 1; Buxton, 1; 

 unspecified, 1); Brazil (Serra da Lua, Rio Branco, 1; Labrea, Rio 

 Purus, 1; Canutama, Rio Purus, 1; Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 2; 

 Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 2; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1; 

 Utinga, Para, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 1; Obidos, Para, 2). 



1 Birds from Para, the lower Rio Madeira (Borba), and the lower Rio Purus 

 agree perfectly with others from Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, and "Bogota." 



Additional material examined. Colombia: "Bogota," 2. Venezuela: Maracay, 

 Lake of Valencia, 5; unspecified, 1. Trinidad: Icacos, 1. British Guiana: Upper 

 Takutu Mountains, 1 ; Mazaruni River, 1; Demerara, 1. French Guiana: Cayenne, 

 2. Brazil: Para, 1; Santo Antonio do Prata, Para, 1; north side of Amazon, 1; 

 Borba, Rio Madeira, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 163 

 *Buteo nitidus pallidus (Todd). 1 SOUTHERN SHINING GOSHAWK. 



Asturina nitida pallida Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, p. 170, Nov. 29, 

 1915 Rio Surutu, Bolivia (type in the Carnegie Museum); Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 55, 1919 Bolivia; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 184, 1921 

 Chiquitos, Bolivia (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, 1922 Bolivia; idem, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 433, 1930 lower Beni River, Bolivia; Laubmann, 

 Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 103, 1930 Monte Grande, 

 Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 241, 1931 eastern Bolivia; 

 Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 52, 1945 

 Bolivia (Bresta, El Beni). 



Falco striolatus (not Astur striolatus Cuvier) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, 

 (1), p. 209, 1830 Estiva, eastern Brazil. 



Astur nitidus (not Falco nitidus Latham) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amei. Mend., Ois., 

 p. 95, 1835 Chiquitos, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. f 

 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 5, 1837 Chiquitos; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. 

 Th. Bras., 2, p. 68, 1855 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro. 



Asturina nitida Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 140, 172, 1862 

 part, Cuyaba, Caigara, and Araguay, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 part, same localities; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 130 part, Cuyaba, Araguay, and "southeastern 

 Brazil"; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 203, 1874 part, spec, b, c, 

 Bahia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 104, 1889 lower Beni River, 

 Bolivia; idem, I.e., 5, p. 142, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de 

 Janeiro; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90, 1907 part, Matto Grosso, 

 Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. 

 Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 Piauhy (Pedrinha; Lag5a do Rio Fundu, 

 below Sao Miguel, Rio Parnahyba); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 331 Puerto 

 Maria, Paraguay; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 2, p. 428, 1916 Las Palmas, 

 Chaco. 



Asturina nitida nitida Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, "south- 

 eastern" Brazil; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 89, 1922 part, "southeastern" 

 Brazil; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 459, 1929 

 Piauhy; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 432, 1930 part, "southeastern" 

 Brazil; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 51, 1936 Jaragua, Rio das Almas, 



l Buteo nitidus pallidus (Todd): Very similar to the nominate race, but paler 

 throughout; dorsal surface not so dark, with the white bands wider and more 

 prominent, particularly on pileum and hind neck; dark barring underneath 

 narrower and less dusky. 



Birds from the tableland of Brazil, while not quite as pale as Bolivian speci- 

 mens, are decidedly nearer to pallidus than to nitidus, as represented by a series 

 from Guiana and Amazonia. One from Rio Grande, Bolivia, is lighter than any 

 of the Brazilian specimens, which vary inter se a good deal, but two others from 

 the same region in Bolivia so closely approach certain individuals from Matto 

 Grosso, that for the present we are not prepared to advocate any further sub- 

 division. 



Additional material examined. Bolivia: Rio Grande, 1; Santa Cruz de la 

 Sierra, 1; Chiquitos, 1. Brazil: Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, 3; Caicara, Matto Grosso, 

 1; Rio Araguay, Goyaz, 1; Bahia, 2; Pedrinha, LagSa do Parnagua, Piauhy, 2; 

 below Sao Miguel, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy, 1. 




164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Goyaz; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 440, 1936 

 Las Palmas, Chaco. 



Asturina nitida (subsp.) Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 107, 

 1930 Matto Grosso. 



Range. Tableland of Brazil, from Piauhy south to Rio de 

 Janeiro, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso; eastern Bolivia; Paraguay 

 (Puerto Maria); northern Argentina (Las Palmas, Chaco). 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Brazil (Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1); 

 Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Buena Vista, 1; Cercado, 1). 



Genus PARABUTEO Ridgway 



Anterior (not Denys de Montfort, 1808) Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, 

 p. 63, May, 1873 type, by orig. desig., Falco unicinctus Temminck. 



Parabuteo Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 

 3, pp. 248, 250, Jan., 1874 type, by orig. desig., Buteo harrisi Audubon. 



Erythrocnema Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 84, after June 1, 1874 

 type, by monotypy, Falco unicinctus Temminck. 



*Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon). HARRIS'S HAWK. 



Buteo harrisi Audubon, Bds. Amer. (folio), 4, pi. 392, 1837; Salvin and God- 

 man, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 56, 1900 southern United States 

 to Panama, Ecuador and Peru. 



Falco harrisii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 5, p. 30, 1839 between Bayou Sara and 

 Natchez, Mississippi (type apparently lost). 



Polyborus taeniurus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 263, 1844 Peru 

 (descr. of young; type in Neuch&tel Museum); idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., 

 Orn., pi. 1, 1846. 



Hypomorphnus unicinctus (not Falco unicinctus Temminck) Tschudi, Arch. 

 Naturg., 10, (1), p. 221, 1844 Peru; idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., 

 p. 85, 1846 part, Sierra of Peru. 



Craxirex unicinctus Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. Pacif. R. R., 9, p. 46, 1858 

 Texas (Brownsville, Oyster Point) and New Mexico; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 

 p. 329 Rio Grande Valley, Texas; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 p. 158 Santa Fe, Veraguas; Orton, Amer. Natur., 5, p. 624, 1871 

 Quito Valley, Ecuador. 



Urubitinga unicincta Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 147, 1859 

 Pallatanga, Ecuador; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 216 Guatemala; 

 Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 139, 1862 part, Peru; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 175, 569 Tambo Valley, 

 Arequipa, Peru; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 238, 1869 

 Puna Island, Ecuador; Duges, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 138, 1876 Guana- 

 juata, Mexico; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 329 Santa 

 Lucia, Ecuador; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 106, 1884 Peru. 



Spizigeranus unicinctus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 288, 1860 

 Babahoyo, Ecuador. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 165 



Asturina unicincta Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 2, 1862 part, 

 No. 2, Mexico. 



Craxirex harrisii Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 49 Colorado 

 River. 



Morphnus unidnctus Finsch, Verb. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 363, 1870 

 Mazatlan, Mexico. 



Craxirex unidnctus var. harrisii Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 302, 

 1874 Mazatlan, Tepic, Jalisco, and Colima. 



Parabuteo unidnctus var. harrisi Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 250, 1874 (crit.). 



Erythrocnema unidncta Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 85, 1874 (in part); 

 Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 235, 1881 Tehuantepec and Tapa- 

 natepec, Oaxaca; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 

 368, p. 30, 1900 Conception, Chota, Ecuador. 



Antenor harrisii Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 234 (crit.). 



Antenor unidnctus /3. harrisi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 2, No. 2, pp. 162, 163, 1876 southern border of the United States, to 

 Panama (monog.). 



Antenor unidnctus var. harrisi Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 42, 

 1876 Tehuantepec City, Mexico; Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, 

 p. 154, 1879 Fort Brown, Texas (breeding). 



Antenor unidnctus harrisi Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 5, 

 p. 419, 1879 lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (nest and eggs). 



Parabuteo unidnctus harrisi Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 404, 1882 

 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; Belding, I.e., 5, pp. 544, 548, 

 1883 San Jose" to Miraflores, Lower California; Sennett, Auk, 4, p. 26, 

 1887 (downy and juv. plumage); Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 1, p. 126, 1887 San Jose, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 

 San Jos6, Costa Rica; Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 202, pi. 6, 

 figs. 3, 4 (eggs), 1892 (habits); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 346, 

 1905 Elota and Escuinapa, Sinaloa; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 

 p. 454, 1910 Palo Verde de Guanacaste, Costa Rica; Phillips, Auk, 28, 

 p. 73, 1911 Matamoros and Alta Mira, Tamaulipas; Wiley, Condor, 

 19, p. 142, 1917 Palo Verde, southeastern California (nesting); Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 241, 1917 La Manuelita, Colombia; 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Pacora, Panama; Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 18, 1919 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 29, 1921 (range); 

 idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 164, 1925 (monog.); Griscom and Crosby, 

 Auk, 42, p. 534, 1925 Brownsville, Texas; Friedmann, I.e., p. 545, 1925 

 Brownsville; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 223, 1926 Chone, 

 Puna Island, and Casanga, Ecuador (crit.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. 

 Zool., 32, p. 108, 1928 Lower California; Miller, Condor, 32, p. 210, 

 1930 Hot Poles, Colorado River, California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 240, 1931 (range); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 310, 1931 

 Almirante, Panama; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 242, 

 1931 T6sia and ten miles north of Guaymas, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 151, 1932 Guatemala (listed); idem, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Panama (Santa F6, Veraguas, and 

 Almirante); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 142, 1937 (habits). 




166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Antenor unicinctus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, 

 p. 388 Lima and Yea, Peru; (?)iidem, Ornis, 13, p. 99, 1906 Santa 

 Ana, Urubamba, Peru. 



Parabuteo unicinctus Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 part, Trujillo and Eten, 

 western Peru; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 

 pi. 6, fig. 36, 1941 Colombia. 



Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, 

 p. 34, 1922 near Zambiza, above Tumbaco, Cumbaya, and Pichincha, 

 Ecuador; Dugand, Caldasia, 1, p. 56, 1941 Guajira, Colombia. 



Parabuteo unicinctus superior van Rossem, 1 Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 

 9, No. 33, p. 377, Feb. 17, 1942 Laguna Dam, Lower Colorado River, 

 Imperial County, California (type in collection of Donald R. Dickey, 

 now in the University of California, Los Angeles); idem, Occ. Pap. Mus. 

 Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 58, 1945 Sonora (distr.). 



Range. Southern California, southern Arizona, southern New 

 Mexico, southern Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi south through 

 Lower California and Mexico; locally in Central America (Coban, 

 Guatemala; San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua; San Jose", La Palma 

 de Nicoya, and Palo Verde de Guanacaste, Costa Rica; Santa FC", 

 Veraguas; Almirante and Pacora, Panama) to Colombia (La Manue- 

 lita), western Ecuador, and western Peru (Eten, Lambayeque; 

 Trujillo, Libertad; Lima; lea; Tambo Valley, Arequipa; Vina, 

 Huamachuco, Maran6n Valley) ; 2 accidental in Iowa and Kansas. 



Field Museum Collection. 46: California (San Diego, 1); Texas 

 (Cameron County, 6; Brownsville, 14; Nueces County, 3; Starr 

 County, 1; Laredo, 1; Crystal City, 1); Mexico (Cerro Blanco, 



1 This race is proposed by van Rossem for birds from southern California, 

 southern Arizona, Lower California, Sonora and Sinaloa. The distinctive 

 characters are supposed to be larger size, coloration more blackish (less brownish) 

 in adults; and in immatures under parts often approaching the uniform con- 

 dition of adults instead of being streaked on a buffy ground. Dimensions of 

 males are given as 335-355, females 360-390, as against 310-352 and 325-363 

 mm., respectively, in P. u. harrisi. 



Specimens in Field Museum do not show the color characters. An adult 

 male from San Diego, California, has a wing of only 330, but two adult females 

 from Sonora measure 380 and 400 mm. as against 325, 345 and 356 in three other 

 females from Texas. B.C. 



2 The rich material in the British Museum shows that birds from Ecuador 

 (Mount Corazon; Jima) and Peru (Eten, Lambayeque; Vina, Huamachuco, 

 Maran6n Valley) are harrisi. Adults from these countries agree with large series 

 from Texas, Mexico, and Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte) in their nearly un- 

 marked blackish brown coloration, though one from Coraz6n by its barred thighs 

 tends toward unicinctus. Also, according to Chapman, a specimen from La 

 Manuelita, Colombia, agrees with others from Texas, and four from western 

 Ecuador "are apparently to be referred to harrisi rather than unicinctus." A 

 single adult from western Peru (locality not stated, but presumably Lima) is 

 just as plain blackish brown as others from Texas but lacks the rufous suffusion 

 on the rump. It is undoubtedly harrisi. The bird recorded by Berlepsch and 

 Stolzmann, however, from Santa Ana, Urubamba, eastern Peru, is more likely 

 to pertain to typical unicinctus. C.E.H. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 167 



Sonora, 1; Camoa, Sonora, 3; Sabinas, Coahuila, 4; Zacatecas, 1; 

 Apatzingan, Michoacan, 1); El Salvador (Hacienda Zapotitan, La 

 Libertad, 1); Colombia, Cauca (El Tambo, 5; La Venta, 1); Ecuador 

 (Guallabamba, Pichincha, 1; Cumbaya Valley, Pichincha, 1). 



*Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus (Temminck). ONE-BANDED 

 BUZZARD HAWK. 



Falco unicinctus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 53, pi. 313, Dec. 25, 

 1824 "dans les environs du Rio Grande, pres Boa Vista, 1 Brfeil" (type 

 in Paris Museum). 



Astur unicinctus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me"rid., Ois., p. 93, 1835 Corrientes 

 and Valle Grande, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in 

 Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 5, 1837 Corrientes; Eraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 11, p. 109, 1843 wooded parts of central Chile. 



Buteo unicinctus Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 216, 

 1847 Chile (habits); Boeck, Naumannia, 1855, p. 497 Valdivia, Chile; 

 Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 central provinces of Chile; 

 (?)idem, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 Cana, Antofagasta; idem, Anal. Mus. 

 Nac. Chile, 15, p. 14, 1902 Chile (crit.); Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 

 29, p. 142, 1925 San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile; idem, I.e., 33, p. 243, 

 1929 Chile (crit.). 



Asturina unidncta Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 82, 1855 

 Brazil; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 Mendoza; idem, Reise La 

 Plata St., 2, p. 436, 1861 Mendoza; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, 

 p. 3, 1862 part, Nos. 1, 3, Chile and Buenos Aires; Doering, Period. 

 Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874 Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes. 



Morphnus unicinctus Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 174, 1855 

 Chile. 



Urubitinga unidncta Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 150, 1858 Chile 

 (bill); Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 139, 181, 1862 part, 

 Chile and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Sapitiba, Matto Grosso); idem, Reise 

 Novara, Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 6, 1865 Chile; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 Rio de 

 Janeiro, Sapitiba, and [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso, Brazil; Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 143 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; 

 Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 558, 1877 Cauquenes, Colchagua, Chile; 

 Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 411 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1880, p. 362 Salta; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 Lomas de 

 Zamora, Buenos Aires; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 465 Colonia CreVeaux, 

 Tarija, Bolivia. 



Craxirex unidnctus Germain, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 309, 1861 Santiago, 

 Chile (nesting habits; eggs). 



Erythrocnema unidncta Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 85, 1874 part, 

 Chile (Santiago, Valparaiso), Argentina (Buenos Aires), and Brazil (Bahia). 



Vista is an Indian village south of the Rio Paranahyba in western 

 Minas Geraes, Comarca Desemboque (cf. A. de Saint-Hilaire, Voy. Inte>. Bresil, 

 2, (3), p. 266, 1848). 




168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Hypomorphnus unicinctus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 230, 1874 Cantagallo, 

 Rio de Janeiro. 



Anterior unicinctus a. unicinctus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., 2, No. 2, pp. 161, 162, 1876 part, Chile (Santiago) and Buenos 

 Aires (monog.). 



Anterior unicinctus Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 436 Angostura, Rio Orinoco, 

 Venezuela; idem, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 27, 1887 Lambar6, Paraguay; 

 Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 63, 1889 Argentina (habits); 

 Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 396, 

 1890 C6rdoba; Franzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; Sal- 

 vadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 20, 1895 Luque, Aios, 

 and Villa Rica, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 28, 1897 Caiza, 

 Bolivia; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 205, 1896 Chile; Lane, Ibis, 

 1897, p. 179 central and southern Chile; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 

 p. 348, 1899 Piquete, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, 

 Rio de Janeiro; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 269, 1901 Chile (descr.; 

 habits); (?)Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 99, 1906 Santa Ana, 

 Peru; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 (no records from French 

 Guiana). 



Parabuteo unicinctus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 146, 1893 Chapada, 

 Matto Grosso; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 

 Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta; 

 Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 61, 1905 Tucuman; Ihering, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 87, 1907 Sao Paulo (Piquete) and Santa Catharina 

 (Colonia Hanea); Penard, Vog. Guyana, 1, p. 383, 1908 Surinam; 

 Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 Tucuman; Lowe, 

 Ibis, 1909, p. 322 Cariaco Peninsula, Venezuela; Chubb, I.e., 1910, p. 

 71 Sapucay, Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 pp. 242, 414, 1910 Argentina south to Chubut and Santa Cruz, Patagonia; 

 Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Paraguay; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. 

 Goeldi, 8, p. 127, 1914 (listed); Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 20, 1916 

 Santa Rosa, Mendoza; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 342, 

 1916 Ciudad Bolivar, Orinoco (ex Berlepsch); Dabbene, El Hornero, 

 1, p. 100, pi. 1, 1918 Avellaneda, Buenos Aires (nest); Sanzin, I.e., 

 p. 149, 1918 Mendoza; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 part, Charuplaya, 

 Bolivia; Renard, El Hornero, 2, p. 59, 1920 Canuelas, Buenos Aires; 

 Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 48, 1920 Nilahue, Curico, Chile; 

 Serie 1 and Smyth, El Hornero, 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rios; 

 Giacomelli, I.e., p. 77, 1923 La Rioja; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. 

 for 1922-23, p. 629, 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires; M&iegaux, Rev. Franc. 

 d'Orn., 1925, p. 238 near Icano, Santiago del Estero; Sztolcman, Ann. 

 Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 1926 Invernadinha, Parana; 

 Jaffuel and Pirion, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 31, p. 103, 1927 Marga-Marga 

 Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; Pereyra, El Hornero, 4, p. 25, 1927 Zelaya 

 and Conhelo, Buenos Aires; Castellanos, I.e., 5, p. 10, 1932 Valle de los 

 Reartes, Cordoba. 



Buteo ekgans Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 665, 669, 1899 Chile 

 (type in the National Museum, Santiago, Chile); idem, Arch. Naturg., 

 65, (1), p. 169, 1899; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 10, pi. 7, 1902 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 169 



Santiago; Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 181, 1942 (type an immature 

 male from Santiago). 



Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus Hussey, Auk, 33, p. 389, 1916 near La Plata; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 17, 1919 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 29, 1921 

 (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 184, 1921 Valle Grande, Bolivia; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 162, 1925 (monog.); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 68, p. 160, 1927 Concepcion, Tucuman; Naumburg, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 106, 1930 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. 

 Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 99, 1930 Villa Montes, Tarija, 

 Bolivia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 240, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 277, 1932 Santiago to Valdivia, Chile; 

 Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 38, p. 140, 1934 Estero Peuco, Chile; 

 Bullock, I.e., 39, p. 240, 1935 Isla La Mocha, Chile; Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 19, p. 100, 1935 Corupe"ba, Bahia; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. 

 Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 438, 1936 (syn.; range in Argentina); (?)Phi- 

 lippi B., Bol. Mus. Nac. Santiago, 16, p. 49, 1938 Chinchorro, Tacna, 

 Chile; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 52, 

 1945 Bresta, El Beni, Bolivia. 



Range. Interior of Brazil, from Ceard and Matto Grosso south 

 to Santa Catharina; eastern Bolivia (Charuplaya, La Paz; Valle 

 Grande, Cochabamba; Tarija); (?) southeastern Peru (Santa Ana, 

 Urubamba) ; central and southern Chile, from Valparaiso to Valdivia 

 (one record from Cana, Antofagasta, and one from (?) Chinchorro, 

 Tacna); northern Argentina, south to Mendoza, Cordoba, and 

 Buenos Aires; 1 Paraguay; also scattered records from Venezuela 

 (Cariaco; Cuidad Bolivar) and Surinam. 2 



Field Museum Collection. 11: Brazil (Quixada, Ceard, 1); 

 Bolivia (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 1); Paraguay (195 km. west of 

 Puerto Casado, 6); Chile (Lautaro, Cautin, 1; Angol, Bio-Bio, 1); 

 Argentina (Tucuman, 1). 



Genus LEUCOPTERNIS Kaup 



Leucopternis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 210 type, by subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. 



Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 3, 1855), Falco melanops Latham. 

 Pseudastur Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. Asiat. Soc., p. 24, 1849 [or 1852] type, 



by monotypy, Falco poecilonotus Temminck^ctZco albicollis Latham. 



1 Dabbene (Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 414) quotes Koslow- 

 sky as his authority for extending the range of this hawk to Chubut and Santa 

 Cruz, Patagonia, where it has never been found by anybody else. 



* Birds from Chile agree with others from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and Matto 

 Grosso). In adult plumage, this form evidently never loses the light spotting, 

 particularly below, while the juvenile individuals are more heavily variegated 

 with dark brown underneath than the corresponding stage of Harris's Hawk. 

 The ranges of the two races need close study with the help of adequate series of 

 breeding birds, the status of those nesting in different parts of Peru being by no 

 means settled. It is, furthermore, quite possible that the stray individuals re- 

 corded from the Orinoco and Surinam may prove to be migrants from the north. 




170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Morphnarchus Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, No. 4, p. 2, Dec. 6, 1920 

 type, by orig. desig., Leucopternis princeps Sclater. 



Leucopternis albicollis ghiesbreghti (Du Bus). MEXICAN 

 WHITE-COLLARED HAWK. 



Buteo ghiesbreghti Du Bus, Esq. Orn., livr. 1, pi. 1, 1845 Hacienda de Mirador, 

 Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in Brussels Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 25, p. 227, 1857 San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz; idem and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, p. 217 Pacific coast region; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., 1, p. 560, 1869 hot region of Vera Cruz. 



Urubitinga ghiesbreghti Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 217, 1874 Mexico; 

 Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 15, p. 236, 1881 Vera Cruz (Mirador, 

 Huatusco, Uvero). 



Leucopternis ghiesbreghti Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 470 (crit.; in part); Ridgway, 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 174, 1876 part, spec, 

 from Guatemala and Mexico (Mirador) ; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 

 Amer.,.Aves, 3, p. 82, 1900 part, Mexico, British Honduras, and Guate- 

 mala (Choctum, Medio Monte, Savanna Grande, Aguna); Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 59, 1919 (in part); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 467, 

 1930 (in part). 



Leucopternis ghiesbreghti ghiesbreghti Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 100, 1922 

 Mexico to Guatemala and "Honduras"; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 67, p. 473, 1927 Presidio and Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, 

 Mexico; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 158, 1932 Finca Sepur, 

 Finca Sepacuite, and Secanquim, Guatemala. 



Leucopternis albicollis ghiesbreghti Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 241, 1931 (range); 

 Van Tyne, Misc. Publ., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Uaxactun 

 and Chuntuqul, Pet6n, Guatemala. 



Range. Tropical zone of southern Mexico, from Vera Cruz and 

 Oaxaca southward through Guatemala to British Honduras. 1 



*Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis W. L. Sclater. 2 COSTA 

 RICAN WHITE-COLLARED HAWK. 



Leucopternis ghiesbreghti costaricensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 

 p. 76, April 9, 1919 Carrlllo, Costa Rica (type in the British Museum); 

 Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 100, 1922 "Guatemala" to Panama; Kennard 

 and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 449, 1928 Almirante, Panama; 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 158, 1929 Cana, Panama; 

 Peters, I.e., p. 417, 1929 Lancetilla, Honduras (crit.); idem, I.e., 71, 

 p. 310, 1931 Almirante and Boquete Trail, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, 



1 Specimens from British Honduras are intermediate to costaricensis. 



1 Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis W. L. Sclater differs from the northern 

 race by having the inner primaries and secondaries blotched or barred with black 

 instead of plain white. 



A good series from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama examined. According 

 to Peters, birds from Honduras are typical of this form. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 171 



p. 314, 1932 Perm6 and Obaldia, Panama; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 84, p. 212, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua; Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleve- 

 land Mus. N. H., 7, p. 43, 1937 Paracote', Azuero, Panama. 



Buteo ghiesbreghti (not of Du Bus) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 

 7, p. 288, 1861 Panama Railroad; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 p. 158 Cordillera de Tote, Veraguas. 



Poecilopternis ghiesbrechti Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 Cande- 

 laria Mountains, Costa Rica. 



Leucopternis ghiesbreghti Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 215 Calove"- 

 vora, Chitra, and Bugaba, Panama; idem, Ibis, 1872, p. 323 Chontales, 

 Nicaragua; Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 470 (crit.; in part); Ridgway, Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 174, 1876 part, spec, from 

 Panama; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 1887 Jime'nez, 

 Costa Rica; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 592, 1887 Segovia 

 River, Honduras; Richmond, I.e., 16, p. 521, 1893 Rio Escondido, 

 Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 82, 1900 

 Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama; Bangs, Proc. New Eng. 

 Zool. Cl., 3, p. 20, 1902 Bogaba, Chiriquf; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 6, p. 462, 1910 Costa Rica (Bonilla, La Vijagua, Tenorio, Guacimo, 

 Guapiles, El Hogar, Miravalles); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, 

 p. 250, 1918 Gatun, Panama; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 

 1919 Siquirres, Costa Rica; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 59, 1919 (in 

 part); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 467, 1930 (in part). 



Urubitinga ghiesbreghti Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 44 Naranjo, 

 Costa Rica. 



Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 241, 1931 (range); 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Panama; Dugand, 

 Caldasia, 1, p. 56, 1941 Rio Jurado, Choco, Colombia. 



Range. Tropical zone of Honduras to eastern Panama (Darien) 

 and northwestern Colombia (Rio Jurado). 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Nicaragua (San Emilio, Rivas, 1; 

 Matagalpa, 1); Costa Rica (Villa Quesada, Alajuela, 1); Panama 

 (Punta Rincon, Colon, 1; Puerto Obaldia, Darien, 4). 



Leucopternis albicollis occidentalis Salvin. 1 WESTERN WHITE- 

 COLLARED HAWK. 



Leucopternis occidentalis Salvin, Ibis, (3), 6, p. 496, Oct., 1876 "Province of 

 Loja or Puna Island," Ecuador (type now in the British Museum, ex- 

 amined); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 234, 1926 Alamor, 

 Celica, Salvias, Las Pinas, Rio Pullango, Cebollal, Guainche 1 , and Pi- 

 chincha, Ecuador. 



1 Leucopternis albicollis occidentalis Salvin differs from the nominate race 

 by mostly plumbeous (instead of white) pileum, less blackish upper parts, and 

 narrower black subterminal tail-band. 



The type is the only specimen we have seen of this well-marked form. 




172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Leucopternis albicollis occidentalis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 59, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 100, 1922 western Ecuador and "Colombia"; 

 idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 466, 1930 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 



1, p. 242, 1931 western Ecuador. 



Range. Tropical and Subtropical zones of western Ecuador. 



"Leucopternis albicollis albicollis (Latham). WHITE-COLLARED 

 HAWK. 



Falco albicollis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 36, 1790 based on "White-necked 



Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 30, Cayenne. 

 Falco picatus Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 167, 1809 based on "White-necked 



Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 30, Cayenne. 

 Buteo melanonotus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 4, p. 472, 



1816 Cayenne. 

 Falco poecilonotus (Cuvier MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 2, 



pi. 9, Sept., 1820 French Guiana (location of type not stated). 

 Buteo melanotus Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1221, 1823 



Cayenne (type in Paris Museum; cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 



2, p. 84, 1850). 



Asturina albicollis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 210 Cayenne (descr.); idem, Contr. 

 Orn., 1850, p. 68 (diag.); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 9, 1862 

 "Mexico" (errore), Cayenne, and Surinam. 



Asturina poecilinotus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 737, 1849 coastal forests. 



Leucopternis albicollis Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 140, 183, 

 1862 Cayenne and Brazil (Cachoeira da Bananeira and Borba, Rio 

 Madeira; Forte do Rio Branco); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 Cachoeira 

 da Bananeira, Borba, and Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil; Finsch, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 555 Trinidad; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242 (range); 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 176, 1876 

 (monog.); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74 Camacusa, British Guiana; W. L. 

 Sclater, I.e., 1887, p. 319 Seseeka, Ari-pia-caru, and Pomeroon River, 

 British Guiana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 146, 1893 Chapada, 

 Matto Grosso; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, 

 p. 31, 1900 Gualaquiza, Ecuador; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 24, p. 168, 1901 San Julian, Venezuela; Berlepsch and 

 Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 124, 1906 Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru; 

 Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 382, 1906 Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; 

 Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 92, 1907 (range); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., 

 Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 370, 1908 Carenage, Trinidad; Berlepsch, Nov. 

 Zool., 15, p. 292, 1908 French Guiana (Cayenne, Ouanary); Beebe, 

 Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 81, 1909 La Brea, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; 

 Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 412, 1910 Borba and Bananeira, Rio 

 Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 

 p. 96, 1912 Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; idem and Seilern, Arch. 

 Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 158, 1912 Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela; 

 Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 1913 Cariaquito, Paria, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 173 



Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 134, 1914 Rio Capim, 

 Rio Tocantins, and Maranhao, Brazil; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 p. 250, 1916 Ituribisi River, Abary River, Mazaruni, Ourumee, etc.; 

 Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 37, 1918 Lelydorp, 

 Surinam; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 283 Rio Perene", Junfn, Peru, and Sara- 

 yacu, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 234, 1926 

 below San Jose", Ecuador; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, 

 No. 6, p. 68, 1926 Tury-assu, Maranhao; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 462, 1929 Tury-assu (ex Snethlage); Berlioz, 

 Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 237, 1932 Sarayacu, Ecuador. 



Buteo albicollis Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 79 Trinidad. 



Buteo poecilinotus Le'otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 7, 1866 Trinidad. 



Urubitinga albicollis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 216, 1874 (monog.); 

 Me'ne'gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 108, 1904 Ouanary, 

 French Guiana; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906 Chaguanas, 

 Trinidad. 



Leucopternis albicollis albicollis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 59, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 99, 1922 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 

 1, p. 465, 1930 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 110, 

 1930 Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 241, 1931 (range); Belcher 

 and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 591 Trinidad; Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, 

 p. 89, 1934 Trinidad; Dugand, Caldasia, 1, p. 56, 1941 Florencia, 

 Caqueta, Colombia. 



Range. Island of Trinidad, Venezuela, and the Guianas west to 

 eastern Colombia (Caqueta), eastern Ecuador (Gualaquiza, Sarayacu, 

 below San Jose"), eastern Peru (Juanfue*, Rio Huallaga; Rio Perene", 

 Junfn; Rio Cadena, Marcapata) and south through Amazonian 

 Brazil to northern Maranhao (Tury-assu), Matto Grosso (Chapada) 

 and eastern Bolivia (Rio Surutu). 



Field Museum Collection. 12: Ecuador, Oriente (Cutucu, 2; 

 Cerro Galera, 1); British Guiana (Head Boundary Camp, Itabu 

 Creek, 1) ; Dutch Guiana (King Frederich W. IV Falls, Courantyne 

 River, 1); Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 2; near Santarem, Pard, 1; 

 Piquiatuba, Para, 1; Monte Alegre, Pard, 1; Aruan, Pard, 1); 

 Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1). 



Leucopternis polionota (Kaup). 1 MANTLED HAWK. 



[Buteo] polionotus Kaup, 2 Isis, 1847, col. 212 "South America" =SSo Paulo, 



Brazil (type in British Museum). 

 Asturina polionotus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 69 (diag.). 



1 Leucopternis polionola (Kaup) may prove to be conspecific withL. albicollis, 

 but its taxonomic status probably should not be changed until its relationship 

 to the little-known L. lacernulata has been satisfactorily determined. 



2 Buteo polionotus G. R. Gray (Cat. Accip. Brit. Mus., p. 17, 1844) is a nomen 

 nudum. 




174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Leucopternis palliata (Natterer MS.) Pelzeln, Sitz.-Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

 44, p. 11, 1861 Ypanema, Sao Paulo, Brazil (type in Vienna Museum 

 examined); idem, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 141, 184, 1862 

 Ypanema (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 Ypanema; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Exot. Orn., pp. 97, 122, pi. 49, 1868 Ypanema and vicinity 

 of Rio de Janeiro; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242 southern Brazil; Berlepsch, 

 Journ. Orn., 21, p. 291, 1873 Blumenau, Santa Catharina (crit.); Ridg- 

 way, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 175, 1876 "Maceo, 

 Amazonia" (=Maceio, Alagoas), Brazil (monog.); Ihering, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 356, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 

 16, p. 140, 1899 Rio Grande do Sul; Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, 

 No. 3, p. 7, 1904 Alto Parana (up to Caaguazu), Paraguay; Ihering, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 93, 1907 Sao Paulo and Santa Catharina (Colonia 

 Hansa); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 417, 1910 Alto 

 Parana; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Iguassu and Puerto Bertoni, 

 Paraguay; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 59, 1919 (chars.; range). 



Asturina melanonota (not Buteo melanonotus Vieillot) Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 Asturinae, p. 10, 1862 "Mexico," errore (diag.). 



Urubitinga palliata Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 218, 1874 Brazil. 



Leucopternis polionota Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 100, 1922 southern Brazil 

 (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 469, 1930 southern Brazil and 

 Paraguay (monog.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 103, 1935 Rio 

 Jucurucu, Bahia, and Marianna, Minas Geraes; Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 441, 1936 Iguazu, Misiones (synon.). 



Leucopternis (albicollis?) polionota Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 242, 1931 (range). 



Range. Eastern Brazil, from Alagoas (Maceio) and Bahia (Rio 

 Jucurucu) through Minas Geraes (Marianna), Rio de Janeiro, and 

 Sao Paulo (Ypanema) to Santa Catharina (Blumenau, Colonia 

 Hansa, Joinville), (?)Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraguay (Alto 

 Parana). 1 



Leucopternis lacernulata (Temminck). 2 WHITE-NECKED HAWK. 



Falco lacernulatus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 74, pi. 437, Sept. 22, 

 1827 Brazil, coll. Delalande (fils) and A. de Saint-Hilaire;= vicinity of 

 Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum). 



Falco skotopterus Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 204, 1830 Villa 

 Visoza, Rio Peruhype, southern Bahia, and Barra do Jucu, Espirito Santo 



1 Material examined. Brazil: Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1; Joinville, Santa Catha- 

 rina, 5. 



2 Leucopternis lacernulata (Temminck) closely resembles L. polionota, but is 

 considerably smaller, and differs, besides, by distinctly grayish pileum and hind- 

 neck, by having a broad subterminal band of slaty black, followed by a narrow 

 white apical margin, on the rectrices, and by the plain white, not black-banded 

 inner web of the outer primaries. Wing, 290-315; tail, about 175. 



A very little known species, of which only a few specimens exist in collections. 

 The immature bird with its streaked head exhibits certain analogies with L. 

 melanops, to which, in spite of its superficial resemblance with L. polionota, it 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 175 



(type, from Espirito Santo, in Wied Collection, now in the American 

 Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 2, p. 267, 1889). 



Asturina scotopterus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 211 Brazil (descr., excl. of synon. 

 Buieo melanonotus Vieill. and Falco poecilinoius Temm.); idem, Contr. 

 Orn., 1850, p. 69 (diag.). 



Falco scotopterus Burmeister, Reise Bras., p. 290, 1853 Rio Cagado (Rio 

 da Pomba), Minas Geraes. 



Buteo scotopterus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 "Bogota"; 

 Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 51, 1855 Rio Cagado, tributary 

 of the Rio da Pomba, Minas Geraes. 



Leucopternis scotoptera Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 141, 184, 

 1862 Registo do Sai, Rio de Janeiro (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, 

 p. 3, 1868 Registo do Sai; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242 Brazil; Berlepsch, 

 Journ. Orn., 21, p. 290, 1873 Blumenau, Santa Catharina (crit.). 



Asturina scotoptera Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 11, 1862 Brazil 

 and "Guiana" (descr.). 



Urubitinga lacernulata Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 218, 1874 Brazil 

 (Bahia) and "Bogota." 



Leucopternis lacernulata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, 

 p. 175, 1874 southern Brazil to "Bogota" (monog.); Ihering, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 356, 1899 Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catharina; idem, I.e., 4, 

 p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, 

 p. 93, 1907 Sao Paulo (IguapS) and Espirito Santo (Pao Gigante); 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 60, 1919 southern Brazil (diag.); idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 101, 1922 (diag.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 470, 1930 

 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 242, 1931 (range). 



Range. Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from extreme 

 southern Bahia (Villa Vifoza, Rio Peruhype) through Espirito Santo 

 (Barra do Rio Jucu, Pdo Gigante), eastern Minas Geraes (Rio 

 Cagado, Rio da Pomba), Rio de Janeiro (Registo do Sai, Cantagallo), 

 and Sao Paulo (Iguape*) to Santa Catharina (Blumenau, Joinville). 



"Leucopternis melanops (Latham). BLACK-FACED HAWK. 



Falco melanops Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 37, 1790 based on "Streaked Falcon" 

 Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 34, Cayenne (type in Leverian Mu- 

 seum); 1 Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 18, pi. 105, Jan., 1822 

 Guiana. 



Asturina melanops Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 210 Guiana (descr.); Cabanis, in 

 Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 737, 1849 savannas; 



may indeed be more nearly related. This hawk appears to be restricted to south- 

 eastern Brazil, the localities "Bogota" and Guiana being obviously erroneous. 

 Material examined. Brazil: Registo do Sai, Rio de Janeiro, 1; Joinville, 

 Santa Catharina, 2; unspecified, 2. 



1 This specimen did not come to the Vienna Museum. 




176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 68 (diag.) ; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, 

 p. 10, 1862 "Chile" and Cayenne (descr.). 



Leucopternis melanops Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 140, 183, 

 1862 Barra do Rio Negro and "Para," Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 same localities; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 

 122, 1868 Guiana and Amazonia; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242 (range); 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 177, 1874 

 (monog.); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 75 River Atapurau, British Guiana; 

 Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 93, 1907 (range); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 

 15, p. 292, 1908 French Guiana (Cayenne, Saint Georges d'Oyapock); 

 Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 

 1912 "Para" (ex Pelzeln); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 134, 1914 

 (range); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 251, 1916 upper Takutu 

 Mountains, Ituribisi River, Bartica, Tiger Creek, and Camarang River; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 60, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 101, 1922 (chars.; range); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 235, 1926 Rio Suno, Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 472, 

 1930 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 242, 1931 (range). 



Urubitinga melanops Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 220, 1874 (monog.); 

 Me"n6gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 108, 1904 St. Georges 

 d'Oyapock, French Guiana. 



Range. The Guianas, south to the north bank of the lower 

 Amazon (Manaos, 1 west to eastern Ecuador [Rio Suno]). 2 



Field Museum Collection. 5: British Guiana (Rockstone, 1); 

 Brazil (Rio Curi Curari, Amazonas, 1; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 1; 

 Obidos, Para, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, I). 3 



"Leucopternis kuhli Bonaparte. 4 WHITE-BROWED HAWK. 



Leucopternis kuhli Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (1), p. 19, June (or March), 

 1850 no locality stated, = vicinity of Para, Brazil (type in British Mu- 



1 Pelzeln (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 183, 1862) mentions as second 

 locality "ParaV' but adds that the specimen from this place is missing in the 

 Vienna Museum. We cannot help thinking that the entry of the Para bird under 

 No. 925 (L. melanops) in Natterer's manuscript was made by mistake, and should 

 have gone to his No. 879 (L. kuhli). It will be remembered that the last-named 

 species is the one that has been variously obtained in the Para region, while 

 L. melanops has never been found south of the Amazon River. 



* Additional material examined. French Guiana: Saint Georges d'Oyapock, 

 1. British Guiana (various localities), 4. Brazil: Manaos, 1. 



* This is a juvenile bird and was received from the collector A. M. Olalla 

 in a shipment of birds from the Rio Tapajoz. A mistake probably has been made 

 in the locality, as this species has never before been taken south of the Amazon. 



4 Leucopternis kuhli Bonaparte is nearly allied to, and probably the southern 

 representative of, L. melanops, differing principally by the mainly blackish slate 

 coloration of the pileum and hindneck, the absence of the white spots on wing 

 coverts and scapulars, and the possession of conspicuous white superciliaries. 



Additional material examined. Brazil: Para, 1; Igarap6-Assu, 2; Santo Antonio 

 do Prata, 1; Borba, Rio Madeira, 1; Maroins, Rio Machados, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 177 



seum); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 382, 1906 Santo Antonio do Prata 

 and IgarapeVAssu, Para (crit.); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 93, 1907 

 (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 412, 1910 Maroins, Rio Machados, 

 Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, 

 No. 2, p. 96, 1912 Para, Santo Antonio, and Igarap6-Assu; Snethlage, 

 Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 134, 1914 Para and Peixe-Boi, Para; Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 60, 1919 Brazil (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 101, 

 1922 Amazonia (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 471, 1930 

 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 242, 1931 (range). 



Leucopternis kaupi Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 481, Sept., 1850 

 South America (type in the British Museum); 1 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 177, 1876 (monog.); Taczanowski, 

 Orn. Pe"r., 1, p. 117, 1884 "Chamicuros," Peru. 



Leucopternis superciliaris Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 44, p. 10, 

 1861 Borba, Rio Madeira (type in Vienna Museum, examined); idem, 

 Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 140, 183, 1862 Borba (Rio Madeira) 

 and Para (soft parts); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 p. 589 Para; iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 75, pi. 38, 1867 Par and Borba; 

 Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., p. 3, 1868 Borba and Para; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 

 p. 242 Amazonia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 

 p. 302 Santa Cruz, Peru. 



Asturina superciliaris Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 12, 1862 Para. 



Urubitinga kaupi Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 219, 1874 vicinity of 

 Para. 



Range. Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Pard region to 

 the Rio Madeira, south to the Rio Machados (Maroins), and the 

 adjoining section of eastern Peru (Santa Cruz, lower Huallaga). 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Brazil, Para (Utinga Matta, 1; 

 Piquiatuba, 1). 



"Leucopternis semiplumbea Lawrence. SEMI-PLUMBEOUS HAWK. 



Leucopternis semiplumbeus(a) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 288, 

 1861 Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama along the line of the Panama 

 Railroad (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum 

 of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 9, p. 133, 1868 "Val"=Valsa, 

 Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 121, pi. 61, 1868 Valsa, 

 Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 Costa Rica; Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1872, p. 243 Costa Rica and Panama; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 177, 1876 Panama and Costa Rica (Old 

 Harbor, Talamanca) (monog.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1879, p. 540 Remedios, Colombia; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 10, p. 592, 1887 Segovia River, Honduras; Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. 

 Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 1887 Talamanca, Costa Rica; Salvador! and 

 Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 10, 1899 Laguna della 

 Pita and Punta de Sabana, Darien; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- 



1 Based on the same specimen which served as type of L. kuhli. 




178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Amer., Aves, 3, p. 84, 1900 Honduras (Segovia River), Costa Rica 

 (Valsa, Talamanca), Panama, and Colombia; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 

 p. 605, 1902 San Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 463, 1910 Costa Rica (Guacimo, Cariblanco de 

 Sarapiquf, Rio Sfcsola, El Hogar); Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1911, p. 1204 Juntas de Tamana, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 36, p. 247, 1917 Bagado and Los Cisneros, Colombia; 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Bit&, Talamanca, Costa Rica; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 60, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 102, 1922 Ecuador to Nicaragua (chars.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 55, p. 235, 1926 Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 473, 1930 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 242, 1931 (range); idem, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 310, 1931 Almirante and Changuinola, 

 Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 314, 1932 Perm6 and Ranchon, Panama; 

 idem, I.e., 78, p. 300, 1935 Caribbean lowlands of Panama; Dugand, 

 Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 1941 Colombia. 

 Urubitinga semiplumbea Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 220, 1874 (monog.). 



Range. Caribbean lowlands of Honduras (Segovia River), 

 Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama south through Pacific Colombia 

 (east to Remedies, Antioquia) to northwestern Ecuador. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Panama (Port Obaldia, Darien, 1); 

 Colombia (Rio Jurado, Choco, 1; La Costa, El Tambo, Cauca, 1); 

 Ecuador (Rio Cayapas, Esmeraldas, 1). 



*Leucopternis schistacea schistacea (Sundevall). SLATE- 

 COLORED HAWK. 



Asturina schistacea Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 7, No. 5, 

 p. 132, note 3, May, 1850 Brazil (type in Stockholm Museum; cf. Gylden- 

 stolpe, Ark. Zool., 19, A, No. 1, p. 90, 1926); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 Asturinae, p. 8, 1862 Pard and Cayenne. 



Morphniis schistaceus Sclater, 2 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 261, 1857 Rio 

 Javarri. 



Urubitinga schistacea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 128, 1858 Rio 

 Javarri and "interior of Bolivia" (descr.); idem, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 4, (6), p. 261, pi. 58, 1858 same localities (descr.; crit.); Pelzeln, Verh. 

 Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 138, 179, 1862 Borba, Rio Madeira (descr.; 

 soft parts); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 

 Cashaboya, Rio Ucayali, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1867, p. 979 Pebas, Peru; 

 Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1868 Borba, Rio Madeira, and Barra do Rio 

 Negro, Brazil; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242 Peru (Pebas, Cashaboya, Rio 



1 Additional material examined. Costa Rica: Guacimo, 1. Panama (un- 

 specified), 1. Colombia: Juntas, Rio Tamana, 1; Rem&lios, 1. Ecuador: San 

 Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas, 1. 



1 The young bird from Santecomapam, near San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, 

 Mexico, recorded by Sclater (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 227, 1857) under 

 M. schistaceiis, cannot possibly refer to the present species of purely Amazonian 

 distribution. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 179 



Javarri) and Colombia ("Bogota"); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 395 Para, 

 Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 302 Peru 

 (Rio Javarri, Cashiboya, Pebas); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 216, 

 1874 upper Ucayali, Peru; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 2, No. 2, p. 172, 1876 Pebas, Peru (monog.); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 

 1, p. 109, 1884 Peru (part, Rio Javarri, Cashiboya, Pebas); Goeldi, 

 Ibis, 1903, p. 497 Rio Capim, Para; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. 

 Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 1912 Rio Capim, Para; Snethlage, 

 Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 133, 1914 Para and Maraca, Brazil; Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 247, 1917 Barrigon, Colombia. 



Leucopternis schistacea Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 450, 1905 Rio Jurua, 

 Brazil; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 92, 1907 Rio Jurua; Hellmayr, 

 Nov. Zool., 14, p. 406, 1907 Humayta, Rio Madeira; Berlepsch, I.e., 

 15, p. 292, 1908 Cayenne (ex Schlegel); Hellmayr, I.e., 17, p. 412, 1910 

 Humayta and Borba, Rio Madeira; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 55, p. 234, 1926 Rio Suno, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 242, 1931 

 (range) ; Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 95, p. 178, 

 1943 Rio Chapare, Bolivia. 



Leucopternis schistacea schistacea Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 59, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 99, 1922 (chars.; range); idem, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 463, 1930 (monog.); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. 

 Handl., (3), 22, p. 27, 1945 various Amazon localities and Joao Pessoa, 

 Rio Jurua (disc.); idem, I.e., 23, p. 52, 1945 Bolivia (Riberalta, Victoria 

 and Puerto Salinas, El Beni) (disc.). 



Range. Amazonia, from the Pard region and the Island of Maraca 

 westward to eastern Peru and eastern Bolivia, north through eastern 

 Ecuador to the eastern base of the east Colombian Andes (Barrigon). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 20: Brazil (Canutama, Rio Purus, 2; 

 Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Lago Serpa, Amazonas, 1; Joao Pessoa, 

 Amazonas, 4; Igarape Grande, Amazonas, 1; Igarapa Aniba, Ama- 

 zonas, 3; Lago Baptista, Amazonas, 4; Obidos, Para, 2; Caxiricatuba, 

 Rio Tapajoz, 1); Bolivia (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 1). 



"Leucopternis schistacea plumbea Salvin. 2 PLUMBEOUS HAWK. 



1 A single "Bogota" skin agrees well with Amazonian examples. Two birds, 

 one each from Borba and Humayta, Rio Madeira, have white transverse bands on 

 under wing coverts and tibial feathers, and also some white at the base of the 

 inner webs of the primaries, thus showing an approach to the western form, which 

 cannot, therefore, be maintained as a separate species. There are no recent 

 records of this hawk from French Guiana, although its existence in that country 

 is not at all unlikely, in view of its having been obtained as far north as Maraca 

 in northern Para. 



Additional material examined. Brazil: Manaos, 1; Borba, Rio Madeira, 1; 

 Humayta, Rio Madeira, 2. Peru: Cashiboya, 2. Colombia: "Bogota," 1.. 



2 Leucopternis schistacea plumbea Salvin differs by much smaller size; white 

 under wing coverts and quill-lining; broadly white-banded tibial feathers; absence 

 of the white apical band to the rectrices, etc. Wing, (male) 220; tail, 130. 



Additional material examined. Ecuador: Paramba, 1; unspecified, 1 (the 

 type). Colombia: Sipi, 1. Panama: Veraguas, 1. 




180 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Leucopternis plumbea Salvin, Ibis, (3), 2, p. 240, pi. 8, July, 1872 Ecuador 

 (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum, ex- 

 amined); idem and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 84, 1900 

 Veraguas and Ecuador; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 605, 1902 Paramba, 

 Ecuador; Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1204 Sipi, Pacific 

 Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 234, 1926 Rio 

 de Oro and Mindo, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 244, 1931 eastern 

 Panama to Ecuador; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932 

 Perme 1 , Panama; idem, I.e., 78, p. 300, 1935 Veraguas and Darien. 



Urubitinga plumbea Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 216, 1874 Panama; 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 172, 1876 

 Panama to Ecuador (ex Sharpe); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 36, p. 247, 1917 Bagado and Barbacoas, western Colombia. 



Urubitinga schistacea (not Asturina schistacea Sundevall) Taczanowski, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 745 Santa Lucia, Rio Tumbez, Peru; idem, 

 Orn. Pe"r., 1, p. 109, 1884 part, mouth of Rio Tumbez, Peru. 



Leucopternis schistacea plumbea Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 59, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 99, 1922; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 464, 

 1930 (monog.). 



Range. Tropical zone of Panama (west to Veraguas), western 

 Colombia and western Ecuador to northwestern Peru (Rio Tumbez). 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Colombia (La Costa, El Tambo, 

 Cauca, 1); Ecuador (Bulun, Esmeraldas, 1; San Javier, Esmeraldas, 

 1; Gualea, Pichincha, 1). 



*Leucopternis princeps princeps Sclater. BARRED HAWK. 



Leucopternis princeps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 429, pi. 24 

 "Costa Rica, in montibus" (type, from Tucurrfqui, in Salvin-Godman 

 Collection, now in the British Museum); Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 

 N. Y., 9, p. 133, 1868 Tucurrfqui; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 

 1869 Costa Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 243 Costa Rica; Ridgway, Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 178, 1876 Costa Rica (monog.); 

 idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 415, 1884 Costa Rica; Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 83, 1900 Tucurriqui, Costa 

 Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 463, 1910 Cariblanco de 

 Sarapfqui and La Hondura, Costa Rica; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 60, 

 1919 part, Costa Rica; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 102, 1922 part, Costa 

 Rica; Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 449, 1928 

 Boquete Trail, Panama; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 474, 1930 

 part, Costa Rica; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 244, 1931 Costa Rica and 

 western Panama; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 300, 1935 

 Caribbean slope of Volcan de Chiriquf, Panama. 



Urubitinga princeps Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 220, 1874 Costa 

 Rica (desc. of type). 



Range. Upper Tropical zone of Costa Rica and western Panama 

 (Boquete Trail and Cebaco Island). 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui, 1). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 181 



"Leucopternis princeps zimmeri Friedmann. 1 ZIMMER'S 

 BARRED HAWK. 



Leucopternis princeps zimmeri Friedmann, Auk, 52, p. 30, Jan., 1935 San 

 Jos6 de Sumaco, Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural 

 History, New York); Lehmann, Caldasia, 2, pis., p. 181, 1943 Santander, 

 Colombia. 



Leucopternis princeps (not of Sclater) Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 605, 1902 

 Rio Cayapas, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 60, 

 1919 part, Ecuador; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 102, 1922 part, Ecuador; 

 Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 41, 1922 near Gualea, 

 Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 235, 1926 El Chiral 

 (west) and San Jos6 de Sumaco (east), Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 474, 1930 part, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 244, 

 1931 part, Ecuador. 



Range. Upper Tropical zone of northern Ecuador on both sides 

 of the Andes. Also recorded from Santander, Colombia. 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Ecuador (Montes de Achotal, 

 Esmeraldas, 1; Pacto, Pichincha, 1). 



Genus URUBITINGA Lafresnaye 



Urubitinga Lafresnaye, 2 Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., 2, p. 786, 1842 type, by 

 monotypy, "L'Aigle-Autour Urubitinga" Cuvier=FaZco urubitinga Gmelin. 



Hypomorphnus Cabanis, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 263, 1844 type, by orig. 

 desig., Falco urubitinga Gmelin. 



Spizageranus Kaup, Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 120, 1844 proposed for the 

 " Urubitinga" =Falco urubitinga Gmelin. 



*Urubitinga urubitinga ridgwayi Gurney. RIDGWAY'S BLACK 

 HAWK. 



Urubitinga ridgwayi Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, pp. 77, 148, 1884 

 Guatemala (Savanna Grande, Coban), Chiapas ("Sonata" =Tonala), and 

 Sinaloa (Presidio [de Mazatlan]) (lectotype, from Coban, Vera Paz, 

 Guatemala, in the British Museum); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 10, p. 592, 1887 Segovia River, Honduras; Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 79, 1900 Mexico (Mazatlan; Presidio de 

 Mazatlan; Colima; Mirador, Orizaba, San Andres, and C6rdoba, Vera 

 Cruz; Santa Efigenia, Barrio, and Tehuan tepee, Oaxaca; Tonala and 

 Gineta Mountains, Chiapas; Chabl6, Buctotz, and M6rida, Yucatan), 

 British Honduras (Cayo), Guatemala (Coban, San Ger6nimo, Savanna 



1 Leucopternis princeps zimmeri Friedmann: Similar to the nominate race, 

 but smaller. Wing, 350-352 (against 364-367), (female) 351-358 (against 380- 

 388 mm.). (Friedmann, Auk, 52, p. 30, 1935.) 



2 We do not think that the quoting by Gray (List Gen. Bds., p. 2, 1840) of an 

 alleged Urubitinga used by Lesson only as a French vernacular name in the 

 synonymy of Morphnus precludes its further employment under the Rules. 




182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Grande), Honduras (Segovia River), Nicaragua (Realejo, San Emilio, 

 Momotombo, Sucuya, San Carlos, Rio Escondido), and Costa Rica (San 

 Jose', Aguacate, San Mateo, Pozo Azul, Miravalles, Gulf of Nicoya); 

 Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 345, 1905 Escuinapa, Sinaloa; 

 Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Altamira, Tamaulipas; Griscom, Amer. 

 Mus. Nov., 235, p. 12, 1926 Palmul, Yucatan; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 455, 1930 Mexico to Costa Rica (monog.). 



Morphnus urubitinga (not Falco urubitinga Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 25, p. 227, 1857 San Andre's, Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 



Urubitinga zonura (not Falco zonurus Shaw) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 

 p. 215 Duenas and Vera Paz, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. 

 Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 316, 1861 Atlantic side of Isthmus of Panama; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 280 Blewfields River, Nica- 

 ragua; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 133, 1868 San Jose, 

 Costa Rica; idem, I.e., p. 207, 1869 Merida, Yucatan; Frantzius, Journ. 

 Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 Aguacate, Costa Rica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 213, 1874 part, spec, k, Costa Rica; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., 2, p. 302, 1874 Mazatlan, Sinaloa; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 4, p. 42, 1876 Oaxaca (Santa Efigenia, Barrio, Tehuantepec City) 

 and Chiapas (Gineta Mountains), Mexico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 168, 1876 part, Mexico (Mirador, Yucatan 

 [MeVida], Rio Tupila, Tehuantepec, Colima, Mazatlan), Guatemala, and 

 Costa Rica (San JosS, Sipurio); Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 

 1881 Orizaba and Cordoba, Vera Cruz; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 5, p. 404, 1882 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 6, p. 388, 

 1884 Sucuya, Nicaragua. 



Urubitinga urubitinga ridgwayi Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 

 1887 San Jose 1 and San Mateo, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 

 1892 San Jos6; idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, 

 p. 145, 1893 Punta Mala (delta del Diqufs) and Laguna del Sierpe, 

 Costa Rica; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 521, 1893 Rio 

 Escondido, Nicaragua, and San Carlos, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Car- 

 negie Mus., 6, p. 461, 1910 Costa Rica (La Vijagua, El Hogar, 

 Bebede'ro); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 58, 1919 Guatemala and Mexico 

 (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 97, 1922 Mexico to Costa Rica (chars.); 

 Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 388, 1928 Chivela, 

 Oaxaca; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 310, 1931 Almirante, Panama; Griscom, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 157, 1932 Hacienda California and Chimoxan, 

 Guatemala. 



Hypomorphnus urubitinga ridgwayi Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 244, 1931 (range); 

 van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 429, 1934 Alamos, Sonora; 

 Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 300, 1935 Cerro Flores (Chiriquf) and Canal Zone, 

 Panama; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 

 1935 Uaxactun, Pet&i, Guatemala; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 24, p. 203, 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche, Mexico. 



Range. Mexico, from states of Sonora (Alamos) and Tamaulipas 

 (Alta Mira) south through Central America to Panama (Almirante; 

 Cerro Flores, Chiriqui; Lion Hill). 1 



1 Fifteen specimens (adult and young) from Mexico to Costa Rica examined. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 183 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Mexico (Pacaitun, Campeche, 2); 

 Guatemala (Pete"n, 1; Volcan Tajumulco, San Marcos, 1; Tiquisate, 

 Guatemala, 1); Costa Rica (Villa Quesada, Alajuela, 1). 



*Urubitinga urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin). BRAZILIAN BLACK 

 HAWK. 



Falco urubitinga Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 265, 1788 based on Brisson, 

 Orn., 1, p. 445, ex "Urubitinga" Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Bras., p. 214, 

 northeastern Brazil; Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 10, pi. 55 

 (young), 1821 Brazil; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 196, 1830 

 Muribecca (Rio Itabapuana) and Rio Mucurf, Espirito Santo, also southern 

 Bahia. 



Falco zonurus Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 62, 1809 based on "L'Aigle noir 

 huppe" d'Ame'rique" Sonnini, in Buffon, Hist. Nat. G6n. et Part., 38, 

 p. 29, pi. 6, South America (type in Paris Museum). 



Pandion fulvus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &!., 3, p. 163, 1816 

 based on "L'Aigle de Montevideo" Sonnini, in Buffon, Hist. Nat. G6n. 

 et Part., 38, p. 81, pi. 8 (descr. of young). 



Spizaetus niger Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 32, p. 57, 1819 

 Cayenne (descr. of adult; location of type not stated). 



Spizaetus ater Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 32, p. 58, 1819 

 based on "L'Aigle noir hupp6 d'Ame'rique" Sonnini, in Buffon, Hist. 

 Nat. Ge"n. et Part., 38, p. 29, pi. 6, South America. 



Aquila urubitinga Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 4, pi. Ib, 1824 Bahia and 

 Para, Brazil (= adult). 



Aquila picta Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 5, pi. Ic, 1824 Marajo Island, 

 Brazil (descr. of young; type in Munich Museum examined; cf. Hellmayr, 

 Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906). 



Morphnus urubitinga d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame>. Me>id., Ois., p. 86, 1835 

 Corrientes, Banda Oriental, and Chiquitos, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and 

 d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 4, 1837 Corrientes, 

 Buenos Aires, and Bolivia (Chiquitos); Gray and Mitchell, Gen. Bds., 

 1, pi. vii, fig. 6, 1845; Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, p. 116, 1846 

 Tobago; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 261, 1857 Rio Javarri; 

 Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 14, 1866 Trinidad; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 

 28, p. 177, 1921 (range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 

 p. 152, 1922 Fundaci6n, Bonda, Neguange, and San Diego, Santa Marta, 

 Colombia; Girard, El Hornero, 5, p. 224, 1933 Tucuman (nest and eggs). 



Hypomorphnus urubitinga Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 263, 1844 

 Peru; idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 84, 1846 forest region of Peru; 

 Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 740, 1849 

 Waini River; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 43, 1855 Brazil; 

 idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 633 island in the mouth of the 

 Rio Parana, near La Conchas, Buenos Aires; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, 

 p. 28, 1887 Lambare 1 , Paraguay; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., 

 Bogota, 4, p. 399, pi. 6, fig. 33, 1941 Colombia. 




184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Urubitinga longipes (Illiger MS.) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av. f 1, p. 29, 1850 

 (new name for Falco urubitinga Gmelin). 



Morphnus braziliensis Strickland, Orn. Syn., 1, p. 24, 1855 (new name for 

 Falco urubitinga Gmelin). 



Urubitinga zonura Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 288, 1860 Babahoyo, 

 Ecuador; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1867, pp. 559, 753 Island of Mexiana, 

 Brazil, and Chyavetas, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 302 Rio Javarri, 

 Chyavetas, Chamicuros, and Santa Cruz, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 213, 1874 part, Para, Island of Mexiana, Cayenne, and 

 Demerara; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 168, 

 1876 part, Vermejo River, Paraguay; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 3, p. 104, 

 1884 Peruvian localities; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 436 Angostura, Rio 

 Orinoco, Venezuela; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74 British Guiana (ex Schom- 

 burgk); Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 142 near Fortra Donovan, lower Pilcomayo; 

 Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 29, 1897 San Lorenzo, 

 Jujuy, and Caiza, Bolivia; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, 

 p. 140, 1899 Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 355, 1899 

 Iguape", Sao Paulo; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, 

 p. 13, 1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 13, 1900 

 Urucum, Matto Grosso; idem and Festa, I.e., 15, No. 363, p. 30, 1900 

 Rio Peripa, Ecuador; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, 

 p. 79, 1900 BebedeVo, Nicoya, Costa Rica; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903, p. 496 

 Capim River, Para; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 22, 1907 

 Mexiana Island; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 331 Tayru and Villa Pilar, 

 Paraguay. 



Urubitinga brasiliensis Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 137, 

 178, 1862 Cayenne and Brazil (Cuyaba, Villa Maria, Itarare", Forte do 

 Rio Branco) (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1868 Sao Paulo 

 (Itarare), Matto Grosso (Engenho do Pari, Cuyaba, Villa Maria, Rio de 

 Cabagal, Caicara, Villa Bella, Rio Guapore 1 ), Rio Madeira (Cachoeira do 

 Rio Madeira, Borba), Barra do Rio Negro, and Rio Branco (Forte do 

 Sao Joaquim, Serra Arimani, below the Cachoeira), Brazil; Reinhardt, 

 Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 71 Sumidouro, Minas Geraes. 



Asturina urubitinga Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 6, 1862 Brazil 

 and New Grenada. 



Urubitinga urubitinga Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 1.61, 1891 Santarem, 

 Brazil; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 113, 1902 Quiribana 

 de Caicara and Caicara, Orinoco; La Pricion and Nicare, Caura, Vene- 

 zuela; Hartert, I.e., p. 605, 1902 Bulun, Ecuador; Lillo, Anal. Mus. 

 Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902 Rio Salf and Rio Calera, Tucuman; 

 idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 same localities; 

 Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 92, 1907 Iguape and Itapura, Sao Paulo; 

 Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Cachoeira, Rio Purus; Berlepsch, 

 Nov. Zool., 15, p. 292, 1908 Cayenne; Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, 

 p. 240, 1909 Mocovf, Santa Fe, and Malvina and Barranca Colorado, 

 Tucuman; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 80, 1909 Guanoco, Orinoco 

 Delta; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 461, 1910 Bebede"ro, Costa 

 Rica; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 73 Sapucay, Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 246, 1910 (range in Argentina); Hellmayr, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 185 



Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 96, 121, 

 1912 Rio Capim and Mexiana, Para; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 65, p. 194, 1913 Cano Corosal, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Sneth- 

 lage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 133, 1914 Rio Capim, Maraca, Mexiana 

 and Rio Purus (Cachoeira); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 246, 1916 

 Supenaam River, Abary River, Anarika River, Cako River, Great Falls, 

 Demerara River, and Waini River; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. 

 Inst., 2, p. 343, 1916 Orinoco Valley; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 36, p. 247, 1917 Salaquf, Atrato River, and Monguido, Colombia; 

 Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 37, 1918 vicinity of 

 Paramaribo, Surinam; Marelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 77, 1918 San Miguel, 

 Corrientes; Arribalzaga, I.e., 2, p. 92, 1920 Chaco; Seri6 and Smyth, 

 I.e., 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rfos; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. 

 Publ. for 1922-23, p. 630, 1924 Platanos, Buenos Aires; Me'ne'gaux, 

 Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 1925, p. 282 Rio Salado, Laguna Maimata, and 

 Laguna Canitas, near I carlo, Santiago del Estero; Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 55, p. 233, 1926 Daule, Alamor, and Rio Pullango, Ecuador; 

 Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 422, 1926 Rocha, Uruguay. 



Urubitinga urubilinga urubitinga Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 411, 1910 

 Cachoeira do Madeira and Borba, Rio Madeira; Swann, Syn. List Accip., 

 p. 58, 1919 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 96, 1922 (range); Wetmore, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 109, 1926 Chaco (Las Palmas), Formosa 

 (Riacho Pilaga), and Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 451, pi. [27], 1930 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 442, 1936 Rio Santa Cruz, Rio Colorado, and 

 Urundel, Salta (crit.; range in Argentina). 



Urubutinga urubutinga Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

 76, p. 90, 1910 P6 do Morro and Lagoa do Limoeiro, Piauhy; Bertoni, 

 Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Paraguay. 



Urubitinga urubitinga occidentalis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 97, 1922 Rio 

 Bogota, [Prov. Esmeraldas], Ecuador (type in Museum of Comparative 

 Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 454, 1930 

 western Ecuador. 



Morphnus urubitinga urubitinga Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 

 12, p. 462, 1929 Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 109, 

 1930 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., 

 Vogel, p. 109, 1930 Formosa (TacaaglS) and Bolivia (Villa Montes, 

 Tarija; San Jos6, Santa Cruz). 



Urubitinga urubitinga azarae Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 453, 1930 

 Gomez, Tucuman (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in collection of J. H. 

 Fleming, Toronto, Canada). 



Hypomorphnus urubitinga urubitinga Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 244, 1931 

 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932 Perm6, 

 Darien; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 592 Trinidad (Caroni 

 Swamp; breeding) and Tobago; Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 86, p. 372, 1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Griscom, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 300, 1935 Perm6, Darien, Panama. 




186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Hypomorphnus urubitinga azarae Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 24, 1931 Para- 

 guay and Argentina; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 

 (3), 23, p. 53, 1945 Bresta, El Beni, Bolivia (crit.). 



Range. Tropical South America from eastern Panama (Perme", 

 Darien), Colombia, and Venezuela, including the islands of Trinidad 

 and Tobago, south to western Ecuador and east of the Andes to 

 Uruguay, Buenos Aires (Platdnos; mouth of the Rio Parand, near 

 Las Conchas), Santa F6" (Mocovi) and Tucuman, Argentina; acci- 

 dental in Costa Rica (one record from Bebede"ro, Guanacaste). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 70: Panama (Puerto Obaldia, Darien, 

 1); Colombia (Rio Jurado, Choco, 1; Rio Salaqui, Choco, 2; La 

 Paila, Valle del Cauca, 1; Arroyo de Piedra, Atlantico, 1) ; Venezuela 

 (Perija, Rio Cogollo, Zulia, 1); Ecuador (Montes del Achotal, 

 Esmeraldas, 1; Lambarandon, Occidente, 1) ; British Guiana (Buxton, 

 6; Demerara River, 1; Rockstone, 1; Itabu Creek, Middle Base 

 Camp, 1); Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 6; Canutama, Rio Purus, 1; 

 Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 4; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 4; 

 Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 4; Boca Ituqui, Pard, 2; Monte Alegre, 

 Pard, 2; Caxiricatuba, Para, 1; Obidos, Pard, 3; Nova Roma, Rio 

 Parand, Goyaz, 2; Descalvados, Matto Grosso, 1); Bolivia (Buena 

 Vista, Santa Cruz, 7; Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1); Paraguay (Cerro 

 de Amambay, 1; Horqueta, 1; Riacho Caballero, 45 km. west of 

 Puerto Rosario, 4); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 8). 



1 It seems hardly possible to maintain the two races which were separated by 

 Swann, mainly on size. Birds from western Colombia and western Ecuador 

 (occidentals), while not constantly smaller, as claimed by the describer, have less 

 white at the base of the tail than the majority from Brazil, though one or two 

 eastern specimens (Matto Grosso and British Guiana) show the white even less 

 extended. In describing U. u. azarae, Swann was no doubt misled by a wrongly 

 sexed specimen; still I cannot account for his measurements of the female sex. 

 After comparing a goodly number of properly sexed individuals from Guiana, 

 Amazonia, Brazil, and Argentina, I fail to notice any appreciable differences in 

 size. Adult males from British Guiana vary from 400 to 415 in length of wing; 

 those from Argentina (Salta, Formosa), from 400 to 410; others from Brazilian 

 Amazonia, from 370 to 400 mm. 



Twenty-three adult specimens examined. C.E.H. 



The series in Field Museum (most of which were received after Dr. Hellmayr's 

 departure for Europe) contain forty-two sexed specimens of adults taken from 

 Panama to Argentina. These give wing measurements as follows: Panama, 

 western Colombia and western Ecuador, males 360-390, females 373-377; British 

 Guiana, males 390-395, females 405-420; Brazil, males 375-410, females 378- 

 418; Bolivia, males 395-415, females 415-420; Paraguay, males 420-440, females 

 428-445; Argentina, males 426-430, females 413-442. Birds from Paraguay and 

 northwestern Argentina therefore show a strong tendency toward larger size, 

 as Swann has pointed out. The overlap is such, however, that an appreciable 

 number of specimens could be identified only by locality if the race azarae is 

 recognized. Comparison of five adults from British Guiana with five from Tucu- 

 man, Argentina, does not show the color differences claimed by Swann. B.C. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 187 



Genus BUTEOGALLUS Lesson 



Buteogallus Lesson, TraitS d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 83, May, 1830 type, by mono- 

 typy, Buteogallus cathartoides Lesson =Falco aequinoctialis Gmelin. 



*Buteogallus aequinoctialis (Gmelin). EQUINOCTIAL HAWK. 



Falco aequinoctialis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 265, 1788 based on "Aequi- 

 noctial Eagle" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 43, Cayenne (type in 

 coll. of Miss Blomefield). 



Falco buson Daudin, Traite El&n. d'Orn., 2, p. 168, 1800 based on "Le 

 Buson" Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Ois. Afr., 1, p. 86, pi. 21, Cayenne. 



Buteogallus cathartoides Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 83, May, 1830 

 based on "Le Buson" Levaillant and Falco buson Daudin. 



Hypomorphnus buson Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 740, 1849 British Guiana. 



Urubitinga aequinoctialis Pelzeln, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 139, 

 181, 1862 Paranagua, Parana, and Cajutuba, Para, Brazil, and Cayenne 

 (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 Paranagua and Cajutuba. 



Buteo aequinoctialis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 18, 1862 Surinam 

 and Cayenne (descr.). 



Buteogallus aequinoctialis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 212, 1874 

 Demerara, British Guiana; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 2, No. 2, p. 141, 1876 "Colombia" (ex Sharpe), Demerara, and Cayenne 

 (monog.); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74 British Guiana; Ihering, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 355, 1899 Iguape", Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, 

 p. 92, 1907 Parana to Para and Guiana, "Colombia," and "Paraguay" 

 (errore); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 292, 1908 Cayenne; Reiser, Denks. 

 Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 coast of Piauhy; 

 Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 

 1912 Cajutuba, Para; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 

 1913 Pedernales, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 

 8, p. 133, 1914 Marajo, Brazil; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 

 2, p. 344, 1916 Pedernales, Venezuela; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 p. 244, 1916 Ituribisi, Abary River, and Georgetown; Bangs and Penard, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 36, 1918 Fort Niew Amsterdam and 

 Tijgerbank, Surinam; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 57, 1919 (chars.; range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 96, 1922 (chars.; range); Reiser, Denks. Math.- 

 Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 205, 1923 Miritiba, Maranhao, 

 and Igarassu Channel (near Parnahyba), Ilha Grande, and Amaracao, 

 coast of Piauhy; Young, Ibis, 1927, p. 84 Matappica Creek, Dutch Guiana; 

 idem, I.e., 1929, p. 10 Blairmont, coast of British Guiana; Hellmayr, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 461, 1929 Miritiba and B5a 

 Vista, Maranhao; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 449, pi. 26, fig. 2, 

 1930 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 245, 1931 (range). 



Ibiceter (sic) spec. Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, 

 p. 100, 1910 Miritiba, Maranhao (spec, examined). 




188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Range. Swampy forests of the Atlantic coast of South America 

 from the Orinoco Delta (Pedernales) to the Brazilian State of Parana 

 (Paranagua). 1 



Field Mitseum Collection. 4: British Guiana (Georgetown, 2; 

 Charity, Essequibo, 1; Buxton, 1). 



*Buteogallus anthracinus (Lichtenstein). MEXICAN BLACK 

 HAWK. 



Falco anthracinus Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc. Mexico, p. 2, 

 1830 Mexico (type in Berlin Museum); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 11, p. 58, 

 1863 (reprint); Nitzsch, Syst. Pterylographie, p. 83, 1840 Mexico (descr.). 



Morphnus mexicanus Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., 14, (2), No. 8, p. 102, 

 July, 1847 "la province de Tabasco, au Mexique et le Guatimala" (type 

 in Brussels Museum); Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 11, p. 239, 1848 (crit.). 



Hypomorphnus anthracinus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 

 "1848," p. 740, 1849 mouth of the Waini River. 



Morphnus anthracinus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, pp. 211, 227, 1857 

 Orizaba and near San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 



Urubitinga anthradna Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 295, 1858 La 

 Parada, Oaxaca, Mexico; Moore, I.e., 27, p. 52, 1859 Omoa, Honduras; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 216 Guatemala and Costa Rica (Punta 

 Arenas, Gulf of Nicoya); iidem, I.e., 1860, p. 45 Duenas, Guatemala; 

 Owen, I.e., 1861, p. 68 San Geronimo, Guatemala (egg descr.) ; Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 316, 1861 Pacific side of Isthmus of 

 Panama; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama 

 Railroad; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 185, 1865 Grey- 

 town, Nicaragua; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 

 280 Blewfield's River, Nicaragua; iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 629 [northern] 

 Venezuela; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 133, 1868 San 

 Jose 1 and Angostura, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., p. 238, 1869 Pun& Island, 

 Ecuador; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 Costa Rica; Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 215 Chitra, Veraguas, and Bugaba, 

 Chiriqui; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 838 Honduras; Sharpe, Cat. 

 Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 215, 1874 (monog.; excl. of Cuba); Lawrence, Mem. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 302, 1874 Mazatlan, Sinaloa, and San Bias, 

 Nayarit; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 2, p. 42, 1874 Tehuantepec 

 (Tapana, Santa Efigenia), Mexico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. 

 Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 170, 1876 (monog.); Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 1, p. 194, 1878 Cumberland Valley, St. Vincent; Salvin and God- 



1 The localities "Colombia" and "Paraguay" are clearly erroneous. Wyatt 

 (Ibis, 1871, p. 189) lists Buteogallus aequinoctialis as having been shot "on a 

 savanna near Aguachica," Magdalena, Colombia. This record cannot well belong 

 to the present species, which does not frequent savannas. Bertoni (Faun. Parag., 

 p. 42, 1914) mentions it for Paraguay without comment. 



Additional material examined. Cayenne, 1. British Guiana: Demerara, 1. 

 Brazil: Cajutuba, Para, 1; Miritiba, Maranhao, 1; Boa Vista, Maranhao, 1; 

 Amaragao, Piauhy, 1; Paranagua, Parana, 3. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 189 



man, Ibis, 1880, p. 177 Santa Marta; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 1, 

 p. 236, 1881 Tehuantepec and Chiapas (Tonala), Mexico; Nutting, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 404, 1882 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, 

 I.e., 6, pp. 377, 408, 1883 San Juan del Sur and Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; 

 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 456 Chabl6 and Me>ida, Yuca- 

 tan; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 193 Cozumel Island; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 8, p. 581, 1885 Cozumel Island; Ferrari-Perez, I.e., 9, p. 167, 

 1886 Atzala (Chietla), Puebla, and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Salvin, Ibis, 

 1886, p. 74 British Guiana (ex Schomburgk); Cory, I.e., p. 473 St. 

 Vincent; Mearns, Auk, 3, p. 69, 1886 Arizona (Fossil Creek, Rio Verde, 

 etc.) (descr.; habits); Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 

 1887 Jimenez, Pozo Azul de Pirris, and Talamanca, Costa Rica; Cory, 

 Auk, 4, p. 42, 1887 part, St. Vincent and (?)Grenada; Salvin, Ibis, 1889, 

 p. 375 Cozumel; Cory, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, St. Vincent 

 and (?) Grenada; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 north of San Jose", Costa 

 Rica; idem, Anal. Inst. Ffs.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 145, 1893 

 Palmar, Costa Rica; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 34, 1893 San 

 Diego, Chihuahua; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 521, 1893 

 Rio Escondido and San Carlos, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 18, p. 628, 1896 

 Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 11, 1899 Punta de Sabana, Laguna de la Pita, 

 Darien; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 Bonda, Colombia; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 81, 1901 Arizona 

 to Panama; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 144, 1905 

 San Miguel Island; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 345, 1905 

 Escuinapa and Arroyo de Limones, Sinaloa, Mexico; idem, I.e., 22, p. 163, 

 1906 Rio Sestm, Durango, Mexico; Bailey, Auk, 23, p. 386, 1906 

 San Bias, Tepic, Mexico; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, 

 p. 82, 1907 San Jos6, Guatemala; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 

 p. 462, 1910 Costa Rica (Guayabo, Pfgres, San JosS, Cerro de Santa 

 Maria, Bolson, Guacimo, El Hogar); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 

 Galindo and Rio Cruz, Tamaulipas; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 65, p. 195, 1913 La Pedrita (Rio Uracoa), Cariaquito, Venezuela; Chubb, 

 Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 248, 1916 mouth of the Waini River (ex Schom- 

 burgk) ; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 250, 1918 Fort Lorenzo, 

 Panama; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Nicaragua (San 

 Juan del Norte; Rio Omete'pe; Zapatera); idem, I.e., 13, No. 4, p. 20, 

 1920 Bayoneta and San Miguel Islands, Pearl Islands; Hallinan, Auk, 

 41, p. 311, 1924 Rio Juan Diaz and An con, Panama; Griscom, Amer. 

 Mus. Nov., 235, p. 12, 1926 Culebra Key, Yucatan. 



Urubitinga mexicana Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 133 delta 

 of the Atrato River, Colombia. 



Astur unidnctus (not Falco unicinctus Temminck) Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, 

 p. 44, 1866 Trinidad. 



Hypomorphnus gundlachi (not of Cabanis) Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1870, p. 554 Trinidad. 



Urubitinga schistacea (not Asturina schistacea Sundevall) Taczanowski, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 745 Santa Lucia, Tumbez, Peru (spec, ex- 

 amined); idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 84, 1884 part, Tumbez. 




190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Urobitinga anthracina Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 20, 1902 Sona, 

 Chiriqui. 



(?) Urubitinga subtilis Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 94, 

 June, 1905 Gorgona Island, off Colombia (type in Bangs Collection, 

 now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 191, 1930). 



Urubitinga anthracina cancrivora Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 63, 

 Feb. 21, 1905 Barrouallie, St. Vincent (type in Bangs Collection, now 

 in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 191, 1930); idem, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, 

 p. 244, 1905 St. Vincent; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 97, 1922 St. Vincent, 

 Santa Lucia, and Trinidad (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 458, 

 1930 (monog.). 



Urabitinga anthracina Ingram, Zoologist, 1913, p. 253 Trinidad. 



(?) Urubitinga urubitinga subtilis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 58, 1919 

 southwestern Colombia. 



Urubitinga anthracina anthrarina Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 58, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 97, 1922 (chars.; range); McLellan, Proc. 

 Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 20, 1927 San Bias, Nayarit, Mexico; Kennard 

 and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 449, 1928 Almirante, Panama; 

 Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 417, 1929 east of Tela, Honduras; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 456, pi. 33, fig. 9 (egg), 1930 (monog.); 

 Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 310, 1931 Almirante, Western 

 River, Banana River, and Changuinola, Panama; Darlington, I.e., p. 366, 

 1931 vicinity of Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 64, p. 157, 1932 Guatemala (Finca Sepacuite, La Montanita, 

 San Antonio, Finca El Cipres, Ocos); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 84, p. 300, 1932 Cantarranas, Honduras; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 167, p. 258, 1937 (monog.). 



Morphnus anthracinus anthracinus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 14, p. 152, 1922 Bonda, Playa Concha, and Cinto, Colombia (crit.). 



(?) Urubitinga anthracina subtilis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 98, 1922 Gorgona 

 Island; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 233, 1926 Puna 

 Island, Ecuador (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 459, 1930 

 Gorgona Island. 



Urubitinga anthracina bangsi Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 98, 1922 San Miguel 

 Island, Pearl Islands, Panama (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, 

 Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 460, 1930 (monog.); 

 Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 191, 1930 (crit.). 



Buteogallus anthracinus anthracinus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 244, 1931 

 southern Arizona and Texas to Panama; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 72, p. 315, 1932 Perme, Panama; van Rossem, I.e., 77, p. 430, 

 1934 Alamos, Sonora, Mexico; Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 300, 1935 Panama; 

 Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88, p. 356, 1936 Utilla Island, Bay 

 of Honduras. 



Buteogallus anthracinus cancrivorus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 245, 1931 

 St. Vincent, Trinidad, and (?) north coast of Venezuela and Colombia; 

 Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 592 Caroni Swamp and Caroni 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 191 



River, Trinidad (nest and egg descr.); Danforth, Monog. Univ. Puerto 

 Rico, Ser. B, No. 3, p. 24, 1935 Santa Lucia(?). 



C!)Buteogallus subtilis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 245, 1931 Pacific slope of 

 San Salvador to Ecuador (Puna Island); Griscom, Auk, 50, p. 303, 1933 

 Rio Chepo, Darien; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 300, 1935 

 Darien and Pearl Islands. 



Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 7, 

 p. 44, 1937 ParacotS, Azuero Peninsula, Panama (crit.). 



Buteogallus anthracinus micronyx van Rossem and Hachisuka, 1 Trans. San 

 Diego Soc. N. H., 8, p. 361, June 15, 1937 Arivaipa Creek, Arizona 

 (type in collection of W. J. Sheffler); van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 

 Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 59, 1945 Sonora (distr.). 



Range. Southern Arizona and Texas (lower Rio Grande Valley) 

 south to Panama and northwestern Peru (Tumbez) and east along 

 the north coast of Colombia and Venezuela, and the Island of Trini- 

 dad, to northwestern British Guiana (mouth of the Waini River, 

 Georgetown) ; St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. 2 



1 This race is said to range from southern Arizona to southern Sonora and 

 in the adults to differ from typical anthracinus by larger size, generally paler 

 and more brownish (less blackish) coloration, more extensive mottling on under 

 wing coverts and remiges, and pure white instead of buff or pale buff lores and 

 subocular streak. Our two specimens from Sonora, an adult male and female, 

 have the upper wing coverts and secondaries browner than birds from Vera Cruz, 

 but this would seem to be mostly due to fading, as fresh feathers appearing in the 

 upper wing coverts of the male are as black as those in the examples from eastern 

 Mexico. The other color characters given appear in many of our central American 

 specimens as well as in the Sonpran birds. As to size, the Sonoran male has a 

 wing of 380, well above the minimum of 365 mm. given by van Rossem, but the 

 female has a wing 10 mm. less than the minimum of 395, given for that sex. 



2 With thirty specimens in adult plumage before us we cannot make out a 

 case for recognizing either cancrivorus or subtilis in spite of what Aldrich (Sci. 

 Pub. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 7, pp. 44-49, 1937) has written about the subject. 

 Measurements vary a great deal, and while certain examples from the Pacific 

 coast are indeed smaller, others, such as a female each from Mazatlan (wing, 400) 

 and Bolanos (wing, 390), are fully as large as Atlantic birds. There is certainly 

 nothing in the width of the white tail-band, which measured on the middle 

 rectrix in four adults from St. Vincent (cancrivorus) varies from 20 to 40 mm. 

 and attains 50 mm. in one from the Orinoco Delta (Guanoco). A Trinidad bird 

 is exactly like the St. Vincent average. The white or buff (either one color alone 

 or the two mixed together) base to the anterior dorsal feathers is a purely individual 

 character. Subtilis (from the Pacific coast) is supposed to lack the light base, 

 but as a matter of fact, in an adult male from Santa Lucia, Tumbez, Peru, which 

 shows the small size of that form (wing, 330), the light-colored markings (basally 

 white, subterminally bright ochraceous-buff) to the anterior dorsal plumage are 

 much more extensive than in any other specimen. Similar are two adult males 

 from Panama (wing, 350) and Chitra, Veraguas (wing, 355), while a female from 

 Mazatlan and another from La Libertad, El Salvador (wing, 378), have likewise 

 a large amount of buff and white spotting at the base of the mantle feathers. Of 

 the larger birds, a female from Tamaulipas (Sierra Madre), a male from Nuevo 

 Leon (Sierra Mache), one from Orizaba, an unsexed adult from Vera Cruz (Vega del 

 Casadero), and one from Guatemala (Duenas) have no trace of light markings 

 on the dorsal plumage. Among four birds from St. Vincent (cancrivorus), two 

 have much pale spotting of buff or white, one has just a few scattered spots, and 

 one none at all. The Trinidad bird has merely a few spots of buffy white at the 




192 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 33: Mexico (Camoa, Sonora, 1; 

 Guiracoba, Sonora, 1; San Bias, Tepic, 1; Tamalin, Vera Cruz, 1; 

 Minatitlan, Vera Cruz, 2; Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, 1); El Salvador 

 (Barra de Santiago, Ahuachapan, 1; Puento del Triunfo, Usulutan, 

 1; San Salvador, San Salvador, 1; Hacienda Zapotitan, La Libertad, 

 1); Guatemala (San Jose", Escuintla, 3; Conception del Mar, 

 Escuintla, 1); Honduras (Tegucigalpa, Tegucigalpa, 2; Monte 

 Redondo, Tegucigalpa, 1; Utilla Island, 1); Nicaragua (San Emilio 

 Rivas, 2); Costa Rica (Limon, 1; Filadelphia, Guanacaste, 1; 

 Puntarenas, 1) ; Panama (Port Obaldia, Darien, 4) ; Colombia (Rio 

 Atrato, Antioquia, 1); Venezuela (Escorial Amarillo, Merida, 1; 

 Perija, Rio Cogollo, Zulia, 1); British Guiana (Georgetown, 1); 

 Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent Island, 1). 



*Buteogallus gundlachii (Cabanis). 1 CUBAN CRAB HAWK. 



Hypomorphnus gundlachii(i) Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 2, "1854," Erinnerungs- 

 schrift, p. Ixxx, 1855 coast of Cuba (type in Berlin Museum) ; Gundlach, 

 in Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 223, 1865 Cuba; idem, Journ. 

 Orn., 19, p. 365, 1871 coast of Cuba and Isle of Pines (habits, nest, and 

 eggs). 



Morphnus urubitinga (not Falco urubitinga Gmelin) Lembeye, Aves de Cuba, 

 p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 3, 1850 Cuba; March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 

 p. 3 "Jamaica" (sight record). 



base, the one from Guanoco just as much as the two strongly marked St. Vincent 

 specimens, and a female from Santa Marta (wing, 370) very nearly as much as the 

 male from near Tumbez. 



As to the rufescence of the wings, the Peruvian bird, in accordance with 

 Bangs's description of the Gorgona Island form (subtilis), has the broad band 

 across the secondaries bright cinnamon, redder than any other individual, though 

 a male from Panama runs pretty close. All the others, regardless of locality, have 

 the wing-band grayish, rarely tinged with dull rufescent, sometimes even obsolete. 

 Cancrivorus if we include under that heading birds from St. Vincent, Trinidad, 

 and the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Colombia cannot be distinguished on 

 that score from anthracinus (Atlantic coast of Central America). 



Additional material examined (the numerous birds in juvenile plumage not 

 included). Mexico: Rio de Monterey, Nuevo Leon, 1; Sierra Mache, Nuevo 

 Leon, 1; Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1; Sierra Madre, above Victoria, Tamaulipas, 1; 

 Vega del Casadero, Vera Cruz, 2; Orizaba, Vera Cruz, 2; Cozumel Island, 1; 

 Mazatlan, Sinaloa, 1; Bolanos, Jalisco, 1; unspecified, 3. Guatemala: Dueiias, 2; 

 San Gerpnimo, 1. Nicaragua: San Emilio, 1; Matagalpa, 1; Managua, 1. 

 Costa Rica: Puerto Jimenez, Golfo Dulce, 1. Panama: Chitra, Veraguas, 1; 

 Panama, 1. Colombia: Santa Marta, 1. Peru: Santa Lucia, Tumbez, 1. 

 Venezuela: Guanoco, Orinoco Delta, 1. Trinidad, 1. St. Vincent, 4. 



1 Biiteogallus gundlachii (Cabanis), autoptically unknown to me, may prove 

 to be conspecific with B. anthracinus. According to Todd, it mainly differs by 

 chocolate-brown instead of black coloration and by having the inner webs to the 

 remiges broadly white instead of merely mottled with the same, while immature 

 birds are duller in color with the barring on tibiae and tail somewhat less coarse. 



C.E.H. 



The specimen now in Field Museum corroborates Mr. Todd's remarks. B.C. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 193 



Urubitinga anthracina (not Falco anthracinus Liechtenstein) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 215, 1874 part, Cuba; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 42, 1887 

 part, Cuba and "Jamaica"; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, 

 Cuba, Isle of Pines, and "Jamaica"; Gundlach, Orn. Cub., pp. 18, 19, 

 1893 Cuba and Isle of Pines; Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Natur., 39, 

 p. 191, 1905 Isle of Pines (no specimens). 



Urubitinga gundlachii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, 

 p. 173, 1874 part, Cuba; Bangs, Auk, 22, p. 307, 1905 Cayo Romano, 

 Puerto Principe, Cuba (crit.; habits, nest, and eggs); Todd, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 10, p. 193, 1916 Los Indios and Caleta Grande, Isle of Pines 

 (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 98, 1922 Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. 

 Orn. Cl, 6, p. 47, 1923 Cuba (habits); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 461, 1930 (monog.). 



Urubitinga anthracina gundlachii Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 58, 1919 Cuba. 



Buteogallus gundlachii Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 245, 1931 (range). 



Range. Cuba and Isle of Pines, Greater Antilles. 

 Field Museum Collection. 1: Cuba (eastern part, 1). 



Genus BUSARELLUS Lesson 



Busarellus "Lafresnaye" * Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., lOe annee, 2nd se"m., 

 No. 20, col. 468, Sept. 10, 1843 type, by orig. desig., Circus busarellus 

 Vieillot=f alco nigricollis Latham. 



Ichthyoborus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 76 type, by monotypy, Falco 

 nigricollis Vieillot. 



*Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis (Latham). BLACK-COLLARED 

 HAWK. 



Falco nigricollis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 35, 1790 based on "Black-necked 

 Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 30, Cayenne (type in the 

 Leverian Museum). 2 



Falco busarellus Daudin, Trait6 d'Orn., 2, p. 168, 1800 based on "Le Buserai" 

 Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Ois. Afr., 1, p. 84, pi. 20, Cayenne; Wied, Reise 

 Bras., 1, p. 110 (8vo ed., p. 108), 1820 Battuba, near Lagoa Feia, Rio 

 de Janeiro; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 213, 1830 Rio de 

 Janeiro (Cabo Frio, Rio Parahyba, Goaytacases, Lagoa Marica, Lagoa 

 Feia, Battuba). 



Falco melanobronchos Shaw, Gen. ZooL, 7, (1), p. 167, 1809 Cayenne (type 

 in Leverian Museum). 



Buteo nigricollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 4, p. 473, 1816 

 locality unknown; idem, Tabl. Enc. M6th., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1221, 1823 



1 Busarellus Lafresnaye (Rev. Zool., 2, p. 196, 1839) is a nomen nudum. In 

 d'Orbigny's Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., 2, p. 785, 1842, the name is cited by La- 

 fresnaye as "synonyme latin du sous-genre Buseray," which is likewise without 

 standing, as no authority is given. 



1 This specimen did not come to the Vienna Museum. 




194 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



(type in Paris Museum; cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 85, 

 1850); Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 47, 1855 Guiana and 

 Brazil (part); 1 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 18, 1862 Surinam; 

 Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 302, 1874 Mazatlan, Sinaloa. 



Aquila milvoides Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 5, pi. Id, 1824 "in sylvis 

 flum. Amazonum" (type in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. 

 Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906). 



Buteo busarellus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me"rid., Ois., p. 103, 1836 part, 

 Moxos and Chiquitos, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, 

 in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 6, 1837 part, Moxos and Chiquitos, Bolivia. 



Ichthyoborus busarellus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 

 "1848," p. 739, 1849 savanna rivers. 



Buteogallus nigricollis Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 216 near Santana 

 Mixtan, Guatemala; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 132 

 Rio Truando, Colombia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 253, 

 1860 vicinity of Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem and Salvin, I.e., 

 1866, p. 198 Sarayacu, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 302 Sarayacu and 

 Santa Cruz, Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. Ill, 1884 Peru (Sara- 

 yacu, Santa Cruz, "Santa Lucia"). 



Ichthyoborus nigricollis Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 139, 

 181, 1862 Goyaz (Rio Araguay), Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Caicara, Rio 

 do Cabacal), and Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 same localities. 



Urubitinga nigricollis Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 

 Mexiana Island, Brazil. 



Busarellus nigricollis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 211, 1874 Brazil 

 (Mexiana Island) and British Guiana (Demerara); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 142, 1876 part, Brazil, Colombia 

 (Rio Truando), Amazonia, and Mexico (Mazatlan) (monog.); Sumichrast, 

 La Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 1881 Los Ventorillos, near Tlacotalpam, Vera 

 Cruz, Mexico; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 404, 1882 La Palma 

 de Nicoya, Costa Rica (descr. of young); idem, I.e., 6, p. 395, 1884 

 Island of Omet6pe, Lake Nicaragua; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74 British 

 Guiana (ex Cabanis); Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 

 1887 Las Trojas and Liberia, Costa Rica; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, 

 p. 317, 1889 Sarayacu, Ucayali, Peru; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, 

 p. 161, 1891 Santar6m, Brazil; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 

 p. 522, 1893 Greytown, Nicaragua; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. 

 Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 10, 1899 Laguna de Pita, Darien; Ihering, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 354, 1899 Piracicaba, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, 

 p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Bangs, 

 Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 2, p. 15, 1900 Loma del Leon, Panama; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 85, 1900 Mexico 

 (Mazatlan and Presidio, Sinaloa; near Tlacotalpam, Vera Cruz), Guate- 

 mala (Santana Mixtan, Duenas, Lake Pet6n), Nicaragua (Omete'pe, Grey- 

 town), Costa Rica (La Palma, Las Trojas, Liberia), and Panama (Laguna 



1 The author confuses the species with Buteogallus aequinoctialis, considered 

 to represent one of its plumages. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 195 



de Pita, Rio Truando); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 

 Bonda, Colombia; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 113, 1902 

 Quiribana de Caicara and Caicara, Orinoco, Venezuela; Ihering, Cat. 

 Faun. Braz., 1, p. 91, 1907 Piracicaba, Sao Paulo; Hagmann, Zool. 

 Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 21, 1907 Mexiana Island (habits); Hellmayr, Nov. 

 Zool., 14, pp. 29, 38, 1907 Urucurituba, Rio Tapajoz, and Obidos; idem, 

 I.e., 14, p. 406, 1907 Humayta, Rio Madeira; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 293, 

 1908 Cayenne; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 80, 1909 La Brea, Orinoco 

 Delta, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 411, 1910 HumayU, 

 Rio Madeira; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, 

 p. 90, 1910 Bahia (Lagoa do Boqueirao, Rio Grande) and Piauhy 

 (Pedrinha and Lagoa do Missao, near Parnagua) ; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 6, p. 460, 1910 Bols6n, Costa Rica; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.- 

 phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 121, 1912 Mexiana Island; 

 Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 1913 La Pedrita and 

 Cano Corosal, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 

 8, p. 132, 1914 Marajo (Sao Natal), Mexiana, and Cussary; Chubb, 

 Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 243, 1916 Abary River, Rupununi River, and 

 Demerara; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 343, 1916 

 middle Orinoco Valley; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 247, 

 1917 Rio Atrato and Calamar, Colombia; Bangs and Penard, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 36, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Rio Menares, Nicaragua; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 57, 1919 part, Brazil, Guiana, and Peru; 

 Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 155, 1922 Bonda, Mama- 

 toco, Trojas de Cataca, and Fundacion, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 near Para, Brazil; Young, Ibis, 1929, 

 p. 9 coastland of British Guiana (habits) ; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 71, p. 367, 1931 near Ci6naga Grande, Sevilla, and Rio Frio, 

 Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 156, 

 1932 Hacienda California and Ocos, Guatemala (crit.); Carriker and 

 de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, p. 415, 1935 Quirigua, 

 Guatemala; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 398, 

 pi. 6, fig. 32, 1941 Colombia; Brodkorb, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. 

 Mich., 55, p. 28, 1943 (disc, races). 



Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 95, 1922 (range); 

 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 461, 1929 Piauhy; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 446, pi. [26], upper fig., 1930 (monog.); 

 Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 109, 1930 Matto Grosso; 

 Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 107, 1930 

 San Jose", Bolivia (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 245, 1931 (range); 

 Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 372, 1934 

 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 

 300, 1935 Panama; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 52, 1936 Goyaz; 

 Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 28, 1945 

 Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, Brazil; idem, I.e., (3), 23, p. 53, 1945 Bolivia, 

 El Beni (Victoria; Bresta). 



Busarellus nigricollis macropus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 95, Jan. 5, 1922 Tally 

 Pan, Manatee River, British Honduras (type in Museum of Comparative 




196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 448, 1930 

 Guatemala and British Honduras. 



Busarellus nigricollis australis Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 95, p. 178, 1943 Chatarona, Bolivia. 



Range. Locally in swampy places from Mexico (Sinaloa and 

 Vera Cruz) through Central America to Colombia, eastern Peru, 

 Venezuela, the Guianas, eastern Bolivia, and Brazil south to Sao 

 Paulo and Matto Grosso. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 42: El Salvador (San Sebastian, La 

 Paz, 1); Colombia (El Palmar de Varela, Atlantico, 1); Venezuela 

 (Encontrados, Zulia, 3); British Guiana (Georgetown, 1; Charity, 1; 

 Buxton, 6); Brazil (Serra da Lua, Amazonas, 1; Canutama, Rio 

 Purus, 3; Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 1; Itacoa- 

 tiara, Rio Amazonas, 4; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 4; Lago Baptista, 

 Amazonas, 4; Boca Ituqui, Para, 3; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 4; 

 Obidos, Rio Amazonas, 3; Descalvados, Matto Grosso, 1). 



*Busarellus nigricollis leucocephalus (Vieillot). 2 SOUTHERN 

 BLACK-COLLARED HAWK. 



Circus leucocephalus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. eel., 4, p. 465, 

 1816 based on "Gavilan de Estero cabeza blanca" Azara, No. 13, 

 Paraguay. 



Buteo busarellus (not Falco busarellus Daudin) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., 

 Ois., p. 103, 1836 part, Corrientes, Argentina; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, 

 Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 6, 1837 part, Corrientes. 



Busarellus nigricollis (not Falco nigricollis Latham) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 142, 1876 part, Paraguay; Berlepsch, 

 Journ. Orn., 35, p. 28, 1887 Lambare", Paraguay; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, 

 p. 142 Fortfn Donovan, lower Pilcomayo; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 20, 1895 Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Kerr, Ibis, 

 1901, p. 230 Villa Concepcion, Paraguay; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. 

 Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 Mocovf, Chaco; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 331 

 Riacho Ancho, Formosa, and near Villa Franca, Paraguay; Bertoni, 



1 In agreement with Griscom, we are quite unable to distinguish Guatemalan 

 birds (macropus) from those of Costa Rica (Bebede>o) and South America either 

 in coloration or size. Even eight specimens from Brazil (Piauhy, Bahia, and 

 Matto Grosso) cannot be separated, although they are on average very slightly 

 larger (wing of males, 380-400, of females, 400-420). 



Thirty specimens in adult plumage examined. 



2 Busarellus nigricollis leucocephalus (Vieillot) may be maintained on account 

 of its somewhat larger size and whiter (less buffy) coloration of the head. Two 

 specimens from Paraguay (leucocephalus) agree perfectly with others from the 

 Argentine Chaco (australis), the former name having many years' priority. Wing, 

 410-420, (females) 425-445. 



Additional material examined. Paraguay: Villa Concepci6n, 1; Rio Pilcomayo, 

 1. Argentina: Lapango, Formosa, 2; Rio de Oro, Santa F6, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 197 



Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Paraguay; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 57, 

 1919 part, Paraguay; Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, p. 92, 1920 Chaco; 

 Mene"gaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 1925, p. 282 Rio Tapenaga, Santa Fe. 



Busarellus nigricollis australis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 95, Jan. 2, 1922 "Moro- 

 vi, Argentina" =Mocovf, Santa Fe (type in Tring Collection, now in the 

 American Museum of Natural History, New York); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 

 32, p. 267, 1925 (crit); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 448, 1930 

 Paraguay and Argentina; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco 

 Exp., Vogel, p. 107, 1930 Lapango, Formosa, and Rio de Oro, Santa F6 

 (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 245, 1931 (range). 



Busarellus nigricollis leucocephalus Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. 

 La Plata, 1, p. 446, 1936 (range; crit.). 



Range. Paraguay and northern Argentina, in provinces of Cor- 

 rientes, Santa F6, Chaco, and Formosa. 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Paraguay (Horqueta, 1; Rosario, 4; 

 120 km. west of Puerto Pinasco, 1). 



Genus HARPYHALIAETUS Lafresnaye 



Harpyhaliaetus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 173, 1842 type, by orig. desig., 

 Harpyia coronala Vieillot. 



Urubitornis J. Verreaux, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 145, Nov. 11, 1856 

 type, by orig. desig., Circaetus solitarius Tschudi. 



Plangus Sundevall, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1874, No. 2, p. 28, 1874 type, 

 by monotypy, Plangus neogaeus Sundevall. 



*Harpyhaliaetus coronatus corona tus (Vieillot). 1 CROWNED 

 HARPY EAGLE. 



Harpyia coronata Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 14, p. 237, 

 1817 based on "Aguila coronada" Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Pax., No. 7, 

 Paraguay and La Plata River. 



Falco coronatus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 40, pi. 234 (= adult), 

 Nov., 1823 Brazil, Paraguay, and La Plata. 



Circaetus coronatus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me>id., Ois., p. 75, 1834 Pata- 

 gonia (banks of the Rio Negro) and Corrientes; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, 

 Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 3, 1837 Patagonia and "Brazil"; 

 Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 168, 192, 1862 ItararS 

 and Araguay, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 4, 1867 Sao 

 Paulo (Itarare", Rio Parana) and Goyaz (Araguay). 



Harpyhaliaelus coronatus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 173, 1842 (crit.); 

 Hudson (and Sclater), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 536 Rio Negro; 

 Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 banks of the Rio Gato, Entre Rios; Sharpe, 



1 Aquila sellovrii "Wied" and Bonaparte (Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 488, 

 1850) and Haliaetus unifasciatus "Gray" apud Kaup (Isis, 1847, col. 209) are 

 unpublished manuscript names. 




198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 221, 1874 part, spec, a, b (descr. of adult); 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1876, pp. 490, 491, 492 Patagonia, Bolivia, and southern 

 Brazil (crit.; descr. of young); Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 66, 

 1889 Rio Negro (habits); Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. 

 Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 396, 1890 Cordoba; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 142 

 Fortfn Page, lower Pilcomayo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 146, 

 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 

 16, p. 140, 1899 Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 357, 1899 Sao Paulo; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 

 8, p. 204, 1902 Rio Vipos, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, 

 No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Rio Vipos; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 93, 1907 

 part, Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 18, p. 246, 1910 Rio Negro, Cordoba, and Tucuman; Kothe, 

 Orn. Monatsber., 20, p. 2, 1912 "Montevideo, Uruguay" (plumages); 

 Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Reed, Av. 

 Prov. Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 San Rafael and Tupungato; Hellmayr, Nov. 

 Zool., 28, p. 176, 1921 (range); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 102, 1922 (chars.; 

 range); Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 La Rioja; Me"ne"gaux, 

 Rev. Frang. d'Orn., 1925, p. 284 fifteen km. south of Icano, Santiago 

 del Estero; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 110, 1930 Matto 

 Grosso; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 475, col. pi., lower fig. (adult), 

 1930 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 246, 1931 (range); Anon., El 

 Hornero, 4, p. 458, 1931 Patqufa, La Rioja; Stone and Roberts, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 76, p. 372, 1934 Descalvados and Rio Xingu, 

 Matto Grosso; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 447, 1936 (range in Argentina; bibliog.). 



Asturina azarae Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 209 new name for Falco coronatus 

 Temminck (Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., pi. 234) and Azara, No. 7 (descr. of 

 adult); idem, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 68 (crit.). 



Plangus neogaeus Sundevall, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1874, No. 2, p. 28, 

 1874 Caldas, Brazil (descr. of young; type in Stockholm Museum; cf. 

 Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool., 19, A, No. 1, p. 90, 1926); Sharpe, Bull. Brit. 

 Orn. Cl., 6, p. xii, 1896 (crit.). 



Harpyhaliaetus coronatus coronatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 61, 1919 (range). 



Range. Eastern Bolivia; southern Brazil from Matto Grosso 

 (Chapada, Descalvados, Rio Xingu) and Goyaz (Rio Araguay) to 

 Sao Paulo (Itarare", Rio Parana) and Rio Grande do Sul (Sao 

 Lourenco); Paraguay; 1 northern Argentina (Rio Vipos, Tucuman; 

 Patquia, La Rioja; Mendoza; Corrientes; Rio Gato, Entre Rios; 

 lower Rio Negro). 2 



1 The locality "Montevideo, Uruguay," attached to two of Sellow's specimens 

 in the Berlin Museum, is open to doubt. The Crowned Harpy Eagle has never 

 again been obtained in Uruguay. 



s Additional material examined. Brazil: Itarare, Sao Paulo, 1 (female); Rio 

 Parana, Sao Paulo, 1 (adult male); unspecified, 2. Paraguay: Villa Rica, 1 

 (adult male); Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo, 1 (young female). Bolivia: un- 

 specified, 1 (adult). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 199 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Paraguay, Chaco (200 km. west of 

 Puerto Casado, 3; Lago General Diaz, 110 km. west of Puerto Casado, 



Harpyhaliaetus coronatus solitarius (Tschudi). 1 SOLITARY 

 HARPY EAGLE. 



Circaetus solitarius Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 264, 1844 Peru 

 (descr. of adult male; type in Neuchatel Museum); idem, Unters. Faun. 

 Peru., Orn., p. 94, pi. 2, 1846 Chanchamayo, Peru. 



Urubitornis solitaria(us) Verreaux, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 145, 1856 

 Santa Marta, Colombia (crit.; descr. of adult and young); Salvin, I.e., 

 1870, p. 214 Cal6bre, Veraguas; Kothe, Orn. Monatsber., 20, p. 4, 1912 

 Colombia (crit.; plumages); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 103, 1922 (chars.; 

 range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 155, 1922 

 Agua Dulce, Santa Marta, Colombia (descr. of adult and young) ; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 477, col. pi., upper figures (adult and young), 

 1930 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 246, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 158, 1932 Guatemala; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 78, p. 300, 1935 Veraguas. 



Harpyhaliaetus coronatus (not Harpyia coronata Vieillot) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 221, 1874 part, spec, c, "Chile"; Taczanowski, Orn. 

 Pe>., 1, p. 129, 1884 Peru (Chanchamayo, Amable Maria); idem and 

 Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 110 El Topo, eastern Ecuador; 



1 Harpyhaliaetus coronatus solitarius (Tschudi) differs by rather shorter, deeper 

 bill, somewhat shorter wings and tail, and much darker coloration. Adult birds 

 are much darker, more slaty (a deep neutral gray instead of mouse gray) and 

 evidently lack the long crest of the nominate race, although the occipital feathers 

 are slightly lengthened. The juvenile plumage is somewhat blacker above and 

 much more heavily blotched and spotted below, these markings being, besides, 

 black rather than dark brown, while the light-colored portions of the feathers 

 of the under parts as well as the superciliaries are much deeper in tone, ochraceous- 

 buff to ochraceous-tawny rather than buffy white. There is no constant difference 

 in the shape of the nostrils, which varies a great deal individually, and we cannot 

 see in H. c. solitarius anything but a well-marked northern race. 



MEASUREMENTS 



H. c. coronatus Wing Tail 



Adult male from Villa Rica, Paraguay ................ 545 285 



Adult (unsexed) from Bolivia ........................ 530 280 



Adult male from Rio Parana, Sao Paulo .............. 535 300 



Adult female from Itarare 1 , Sao Paulo ................ 555 310 



Young female from Fortfn Page, Paraguay ............ 530 285 



H. c. solitarius 



Adult (unsexed) from Chiquinda, Ecuador ............ 510 240 



Adult female from "Chile(?)" ....................... 520 260 



Young (unsexed) from Cauca Valley, Colombia ........ 500 260 



Young male from coast near Puerto Cabello, Venezuela . 500 290 

 Two unsexed young from Calobre, Veragua ......... 500, 500 270, 280 



One (unsexed) young from Isthmus of Tehuantepec .... 465 260 



j 



Material examined. Mexico: Isthmus of Tehuantepec, 1. Panama: Calobre, 

 Veraguas, 2. Colombia: Cauca Valley, 1. Venezuela: coast near Puerto Cabello, 

 1. Ecuador: Chiquinda, 1. "Chile(?)," 1. 




200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 93, 1907 part, "Chile" to Colombia and 



Guatemala; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 235, 1926 Ecuador 



(El Topo). 

 Harpyhaliaetus solitarius Gurney, Ibis, 1876, pp. 490, 491, 492 "Chile," 



Peru, New Granada (Antioquia), Veragua, Guatemala (San Geronimo), 



and southern Mexico (crit.; descr. of young); Salvin and Godman, Biol. 



Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 87, 1900 Mexico (Tehuantepec), Guatemala 



(San Geronimo), Panama (Calobre), and south to Venezuela and "Chile"; 



Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 235, 1926 Sabanilla, Ecuador. 

 Geranoetus melanoleucus (errore) Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 



1900 Agua Dulce, Santa Marta region, Colombia. 

 Harpyhaliaetus coronatus solitarius Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 61, 1919 (chars.; 



range). 



Range. Tropical zone of southern Mexico (Isthmus of Tehuan- 

 tepec), Guatemala (San Geronimo), Panama (Calobre, Veraguas), 

 Colombia (Agua Dulce, Santa Marta region; Cauca Valley), Vene- 

 zuela (near Puerto Cabello), Ecuador (Chiquinda; El Topo, Rio 

 Pastaza; Sabanilla, near Zamora), and Peru (Chanchamayo; Amable 

 Maria). 1 



Genus MORPHNUS Dumont 



Morphnus Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., 1, Suppl., p. 88, Oct., 1816 type, by 

 subs, desig. (Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 252, 1916), Falco guianensis 

 Daudin. 



Morphinus Fleming, Phil. Zool., 2, p. 235, 1822 type, by monotypy, Falco 

 guianensis Daudin. 



*Morphnus guianensis (Daudin). GUIANAN CRESTED EAGLE. 



Falco guianensis Daudin, Traite Elem. d'Orn., 2, p. 78, 1800 based on "Petit 

 Aigle de la Guiane" Mauduyt, Enc. M6th., Hist. Nat. Ois., 1, p. 475, 

 "Guiane" = French Guiana; Wied, Reise Bras., 2, p. 143, 1821 Rio da 

 Cachoeira, Bahia; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 90, 1830 Rio 

 da Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil. 



Falco sonnini Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 67, 1809 based on "Petit Aigle de 

 la Guiane" Sonnini, in Buffon, Hist. Nat. Gen. et Part., 38, p. 62, French 

 Guiana. 



Falco delicatus Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 68, 1809 based on "Petit Aigle 

 de la Guiane" Mauduyt, Enc. Meth., Hist. Nat. Ois., 1, p. 475, Guiana. 



1 No authentic record exists for the occurrence of either race of this species 

 in Chile. Cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 278, 1932. The 

 British Museum specimen labeled "Chile(?)," purchased from Verreaux, seems 

 to be the only basis for the inclusion of Chile in the range of the Harpy Eagle 

 by various authors, but its origin is altogether uncertain. Albert's statement 

 (Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 277, 1901), that Harpyhaliaetus coronatus is fairly 

 rare in Chile, frequenting the vicinity of water and the seacoast, appears to be 

 without foundation. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 201 



Morphnus guianensis Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, p. 318, "1817" [=Dec. 7, 1816] 

 Guiana; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 738, 1848 

 Tuarutu Mountains, Canuku Mountains, and coast region; Burmeister, 

 Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 1, p. 66, 1855 Rio Ilhe"os, Bahia, and Cantagallo, 

 Rio de Janeiro; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 132 Rio 

 Truando, Colombia; Pelzeln, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 337, 1860 Guiana and 

 Brazil (Barra do Rio Negro; Lago Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes) (plumages); 

 idem, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 167, 190, 1862 same localities; 

 Wied, Journ. Orn., 11, p. 1, 1863 (plumages); Pelzeln, I.e., p. 121, 1863 

 (plumages); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 4, 1867 Barra do Rio Negro 

 [=Manaos] and Lago do Manaqueri, Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 753 Chyavetas, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 302 

 Chyavetas and Yurimaguas, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 222, 

 1874 British Guiana, Amazonia, and Panama; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 149, 1876 Rio Truando (monog.); 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1877, p. 435 (descr. of immature); idem, I.e., 1878, p. 80 

 (soft parts); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 133, 1884 Cayenne and Peru 

 (Chyavetas, Yurimaguas); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 

 169, 1885 Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 75 

 Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 

 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 88, pi. 63, 1900 Panama (Lion Hill, 

 Rio Truando) and South America; Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, 

 p. 154, 1901 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, "1901," 

 p. 282, 1902 Apiahy, Sao Paulo; Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, 

 p. 142, 1903 Ceiba, Honduras; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, "1904," 

 p. 450, 1905 Rio Jurua, Brazil; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 94, 1907 

 Sao Paulo (Apiahy) and Amazonas (Rio Jurua); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 

 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 4, p. 302, 

 1908 Cuabre, Rio Sfcsola, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 6, p. 464, 1910 same 

 locality; Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 79, 1913 Santa Ana, 

 Misiones; idem, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 135, 1914 Amazonia (listed); Chubb, 

 Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 252, 1916 Mazaruni River, Bartica, Hoorie 

 Creek, Tuarutu and Canuku Mountains; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 103, 

 1922 (chars.; range); Bertoni, El Hornero, 3, p. 398, 1926 Puerto 

 Bertoni, Paraguay; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, p. 479, 1930 (monog.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 246, 1931 Honduras to Peru and Paraguay; 

 idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 309, 1931 Banana River and 

 Changuinola, Almirante Bay, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 315, 1932 

 Obaldia, Panama; idem, I.e., 78, p. 300, 1935 Panama (Almirante, Canal 

 Zone, Darien); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 449, 1936 (range); Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, 

 p. 395, pi. 2, fig. 11, 1941 Colombia; idem, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 57, 

 1941 Rio Salaqui, Choco, Colombia; Lehmann, I.e., 2, 3 pis., p 165, 

 1943 (plumages). 



Spizaetus variegatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 32, p. 59, 

 1819 Cayenne. 




202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Morphnus cristatus Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 51, pi. 11, fig. 2, Feb., 

 1830 Guiana. 



Asturina guianensis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 201 Brazil and Guiana (descr.); 

 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 25, 1862 "Nouvelle Grenade," 

 Guiana, and Surinam. 



Morphnus taeniatus Gurney, Ibis, (4), 3, p. 176, pi. 3, April, 1879 Sarayacu, 

 eastern Ecuador (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British 

 Museum, examined); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 103, 1922 Ecuador; Chap- 

 man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 235, 1926 below San Jose, Ecuador; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 481, 1930 eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, 

 below San Jose 1 ); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 246, 1931 eastern Ecuador; 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 315, 1932 Perm6, eastern 

 Panama; idem, I.e., 78, p. 301, 1935 Perme\ 



Morphnus guianensis guianensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 61, 1919 (chars.; 

 range). 



Morphnus guianensis taeniatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 61, 1919 Ecuador 

 (chars.). 



Range. Tropical zone of Honduras (one record each from Ceiba 

 and San Pedro Sula), Costa Rica (one record from Cuabre, Rio 

 Sicsola, Talamanca), Panama (various records from Almirante, 

 Canal Zone, and Darien), Colombia (Remedios, Rio Ite"; Rio Salaqui, 

 Choco, etc.), eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, below San Jose"), eastern 

 Peru (Chyavetas, Yurimaguas), Bolivia (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz), 

 the Guianas, and Brazil (from the Amazon to Rio Grande do Sul) 

 south to Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni) and Misiones (Santa Ana), 

 Argentina. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Panama (Port Obaldia, Darien, 2); 

 Colombia, Choco (Rio Jurado, 1; Rio Jamparado, 1); Brazil (Labrea, 

 Rio Purus, 1; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 2). 



1 Study of an adequate series of this rare eagle shows beyond doubt that 

 M. taeniatus is not a taxonomic entity, but merely a stage either the fully adult 

 bird or a melanistic variety of the widely spread M. guianensis. The black- 

 backed form with blackish brown throat and chest and heavily black-barred 

 posterior under parts and under wing coverts (taeniatus) is not confined to any 

 particular area, but springs up here and there throughout the range of guianensis. 

 It was first described by Pelzeln (Journ. Orn., 8, p. 337, 1860) from a Guianan 

 specimen, which is even more deeply colored than Gurney's type, having the 

 top and sides of the head except for some brownish edges on crest and lateral 

 neck feathers very nearly as blackish (instead of hair brown) as the back, and 

 the light bars on breast, abdomen, and crissum tinged with ochraceous-buff. 



An adult female from the Mazaruni River closely approaches the type of 

 M. taeniatus on the under parts, and merely differs by having the throat more 

 variegated with whitish, the chest not so solidly nor so deeply blackish brown, 

 and the blackish bars on breast and belly more broken up into spots, thus less 

 regular; but on the upper surface it is in a less advanced stage and can be matched 

 by various individuals, notably one from the Takutu River, which exhibit more 

 or less distinct signs of immaturity. The occurrence of the taeniatus type in the 

 heart of the range of guianensis and its reappearance in eastern Panama (at Perm6) 

 disposes of this variation as having any geographical significance. Furthermore, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 203 



Genus HARPIA Vieillot 



Harpia Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 24, April, 1816 type, by mono- 

 typy, "Aigle destructeur" EuSon=Vultur harpyja Linnaeus. 



Harpyia Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, "1817," p. 317, pub. Dec. 7, 1816 same 

 type. 



Thrasaetos (Gray MS.) Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, "1837," p. 108, 

 pub. June 14, 1838 type, by monotypy, Vultur harpyja Linnaeus. 



Nothrophontes Gloger, Gemein. Hand- und Hilfsbuch, livr. 3, p. 219, 1841 

 type, by monotypy, Falco destructor Daudin=Vwftur harpyja Linnaeus. 



Anopaia Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, Nos. 15-16, June-July, 

 p. 188, 1842 new name for Harpyia Cuvier. 



Thrasyaetus Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Ind. Univ., p. 369, 1846 (emendation). 



"Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus). HARPY EAGLE. 



Vultur harpyja Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 based on 

 "Yzquauhtli" Hernandez, Hist. Nov. Hisp., p. 34, Mexico. 



Vultur coronatus Jacquin, Beytr. Gesch. Vogel, p. 15, 1784 mountains near 

 the Magdalena River, Colombia. 



Falco harpyja Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 251, 1788 Mexico and South 

 America. 



Falco jacquini Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 251, 1788 new name for Vultur 

 coronatus Jacquin. 



Falco crislalus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 260, 1788 based on "Crested 

 Falcon" Dillon, Trav. through Spain, p. 80, pi. 3 (live bird kept in the 

 menagerie at Madrid). 



Falco destructor Daudin, TraitS Elem. d'Orn., 2, p. 60, 1801 based on "Grand 

 Aigle de la Guiane" Mauduyt, Enc. M6th., Hist. Nat. Ois., 1, p. 475, 

 Guiana; Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 3, pi. 14, 1820; Schomburgk, 

 Reisen Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 365, 1848 above Aripai, Rupununi River; 

 Burlamaque, Rev. Braz., 1, p. 37, 1858 (habits). 



Falco imperialis Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 52, pi. 15, 1809 Guiana. 



a specimen from Sarayacu (type locality of M. taenialus) in juvenile plumage 

 (above white, finely vermiculated with smoke gray on crown and nape, more 

 densely so with dusky and washed with pale gray on interscapulars and upper 

 tail coverts; wing coverts, scapulars, and inner secondaries light mouse gray, 

 barred and vermiculated with dusky, the tips of the greater series nearly wliite; 

 tail feathers gray with about fifteen black cross-bands; underneath entirely 

 white) is nowise different from others of corresponding age from Amazonia and 

 Santa Catharina. An adult bird from the last-named Brazilian state (Joinville), 

 furthermore, connects the ordinary type of guianensis with the so-called taeniatus, 

 being just halfway between the two. 



Additional material examined. Honduras: San Pedro Sula, 1 (female, Jan. 15, 

 1890. E. Wittkugel). Panama: Lion Hill, 1. Colombia: Remedies, 1. Ecuador: 

 Sarayacu, 2. British Guiana: Bartica Grove, 1; Mazaruni River, 1; River Takutu, 

 1; unspecified, 2. Brazil: Manaos, 1; Lago do Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes, 1; 

 Borba, Rio Madeira, 1; "Upper Amazon," 1; vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, 1; Join- 

 ville, Santa Catharina, 4. Bolivia: Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 1. 




204 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco regalis Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 56, 1809 based on "L'Ouira Ouassou" 

 Sonnini, in Buffon, Hist. Nat. Gen. et Part., 38, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 1 (based 

 on a manuscript sent to Condamine from Para, Brazil). 1 



Falco caracca Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 64, 1809 based on "Crested Falcon" 

 Dillon, Trav. through Spain, p. 80, pi. 3. 



Harpyia destructor Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, p. 317, "1817" [=Dec. 7, 1816]; 

 d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Merid., Ois., p. 81, 1835 Bolivia (Yuracares, 

 Santa Cruz de la Sierra); Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 3, p. 84, 

 1846 (anatomy); Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 59, 1855 

 Caracas, Venezuela; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 145, 

 1868 San Jos6, Costa Rica. 



Harpyia maxima Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 14, p. 233, 1817 

 (new name for Vultur harpy j a Linnaeus). 



Harpyia ferox Lesson, TraitS d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 50, pis. 10, 11, fig. 1, Feb., 

 1830 (new name for Falco destructor Daudin, etc.). 



Thrasaetos(us) harpyia Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, "1837," p. 108, 

 June 14, 1838 Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 215 Vera Paz, 

 Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 461, 1862 

 Panama Railroad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 

 368 Panama Railroad; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 Costa 

 Rica (Cartago, Turrialba, San Jose"); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1873, p. 302 above Nauta, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 224, 1874 (monog.); Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 39, 1876 

 Almoloya, Tehuantepec, Mexico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. 

 Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 145, 1876 Mexico (Mirador, Tehuantepec) to Bolivia, 

 Paraguay, and British Guiana (monog.); Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1878, p. 44 Candelaria Mountains, Costa Rica; Gurney, Ibis, 1878, 

 p. 86 Guiana (color variety); Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 

 1881 Mexico (Almoloya, Tacubaya, Orizaba, Guichilona, Tehuantepec); 

 Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 131, 1884 Cayenne and Peru (Nauta); 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 75 British Guiana; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 

 San Jose", Costa Rica (ex Frantzius); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 357, 

 1899 Sao Jose" do Rio Pardo, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 

 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 

 Aves, 3, p. 89, 1901 Mexico to Paraguay; Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 

 1, No. 1, p. 153, 1901 Argentina (Sierra de Misiones) and Paraguay 

 (Yuty); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 94, 1907 Sao Paulo (Sao Jose 

 do Rio Pardo and Caconde); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 

 Cayenne; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 246, 1910 

 Oran, Salta, and Sierra de Misiones; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 

 p. 464, 1910 El Hogar, Costa Rica; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 412, 

 1910 Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 1912 Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 

 p. 135, 1914 Peixe-Boi (E.F.B.), Rio Guama, Rio Capim, and Rio 

 Tapajoz, Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Paraguay; Chubb, 

 Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 254, 1916 Mazaruni River, Puruni River, 



1 Falco calquin Shaw (Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 55, 1809 based on Molina's 

 rather ambiguously described "Calquin") may also be referable to the Harpy 

 Eagle, although this bird has never been found in Chile. 






1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 205 



Berbice, Demerara, Essequibo, etc.; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 62, 

 1919 (chars.; range); Stone, Auk, 44, p. 562, 1917 near Para (nesting); 

 idem, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 northwest of Castan- 

 hal, Para. 



Morphnus Harpyia Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 265, 1844 Peru; 

 idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 96, 1846 wooded region of Peru 

 (Hacienda de Maraynioc, etc.); Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. 

 Guiana, 3, p. 738, "1848" sources of the Essequibo River; Pelzeln, Verh. 

 Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 167, 190, 1862 Para, Barra do Rio Negro, 

 and Borba, Rio Madeira (soft parts); idem, Journ. Orn., 11, pp. 121, 127, 

 1863 (plumages); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 4, 1868 Borba (Rio Madeira), 

 Barra do Rio Negro, and Para, Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Natur- 

 hist. Foren., 1870, p. 73 Fazenda Bebida (near Lagoa Santa) and 

 Curvelo, Minas Geraes; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Canta- 

 gallo, Rio de Janeiro. 



Harpia harpyja Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 104, 1922; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 

 1, p. 482, col. pi., 1930 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 246, 1931 

 (range); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 309, 1931 Banana River, 

 Almirante, Panama; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 158, 1932 

 Guatemala; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 301, 1935 Panama; 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 450, 1936 Argen- 

 tina (bibliog.). 



Harpia harpyia Dugand, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 57, 1941 Rio Meta and 

 Rio Salaqui, Colombia; idem, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, 

 p. 395, 1941 Colombia. 



Range. Mexico, from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and state of 

 Vera Cruz south through Central America to Panama, Venezuela, 

 the Guianas, eastern Peru, and Bolivia to southern Brazil (Sao 

 Paulo), northern Argentina, and Paraguay. 



Field Museum Collection. 1: British Guiana (Georgetown, 1). 



Genus OROAETUS Ridgway 1 



Oroaetus Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, No. 4, p. 1, Dec. 6, 1920 type, 

 by orig. desig., Falco isidori Des Murs. 



"Oroaetus isidori (Des Murs). ISIDOR'S CRESTED EAGLE. 



Falco isidori Des Murs, Rev. Zool., 8, p. 175 [bis], 1845 Santa F6 de Bogota, 



Colombia (type in Paris Museum). 

 Aquila isidori Des Murs, Icon. Orn., livr. 1, pi. 1 (adult male), 1845 Santa 



F de Bogota. 

 Spizaetus isidori(i) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 Bogota; 



idem and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 540 Antioquia, Colombia. 



1 Oroaetus Ridgway: Nearest to Spizaetus, but larger; occipital feathers shorter, 

 subcuneate; wing- tip relatively longer; rectrices broader and more truncate at 

 tip; tibial feathers longer and denser. Adults above black, below rufous streaked 

 with black; young above pale brown mottled with dusky, underneath white. 




206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Lopholriorchis isidorii(i) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 256, 1874 

 Colombia (Bogota); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 

 Bonda, Colombia; Chapman, I.e., 36, p. 248, 1917 Paramillo Trail (alt. 

 11,000 ft.), western Andes, Colombia; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 283 Bolivia 

 (Charuplaya), Ecuador (Baeza, Yanayacu), and Venezuela (Merida) 

 (plumages); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 69, 1919 Colombia; idem, Auk, 

 38, p. 363, 1921 Merida. 



Oroaetus isidori Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 115, 1922 Colombia and Venezuela 

 to Bolivia (chars.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 157, 

 1922 Bonda and Las Nubes, Santa Marta region, Colombia; Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 236, 1926 Baeza, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 247, 1931 (range); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, 

 p. 368, 1931 Quebrada Mateo, near Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 89, 1933 (monog.); Dugand, Rev. Acad. 

 Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 394, pi. 2, fig. 9, 1941 Colombia; Lehmann, 

 Caldasia, 2, 2 pis., p. 411, 1944 (plumages). 



Range. Andes of western Venezuela (Cordillera of MeYida) and 

 Colombia (Bonda and Las Nubes, Santa Marta; near Rio Frio, 

 Magdalena; Paramillo, western Andes; Bogotd) south through 

 Ecuador (Yanayacu, Baeza) to Bolivia (Charuplaya, La Paz). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Colombia (Carpenteria, El Tambo, 

 Cauca, 1; unspecified, 1). 



Genus SPIZASTUR G. R. Gray 



Spizastur ("Lesson") G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 3, 1841 type, 

 by orig. desig., "S. atricapillus (Cuv.) Less. PL col. 79"=Falco atricapillus 

 Temminck (not of Wilson) =Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot. 



Spiziaster ("Lesson") Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 62 (emendation). 



Spiziastur Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 258, 1874 (emendation). 



*Spizastur melanoleucus (Vieillot). BLACK-AND-WHITE CRESTED 

 EAGLE. 



Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 4, p. 482, 

 1816 "la Guyane" (type presumably in the Paris Museum); 2 idem and 

 Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), p. 40, pi. 14, 1822 "Guiane." 



Falco atricapillus (not of Wilson, 1812) (Cuvier MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. 

 PI. Col., livr. 14, pi. 79, Sept., 1821 Cayenne (type in Paris Museum). 



Spizaetus atricapillus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 168 (descr.); Burmeister, Syst. 

 Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 65, 1855; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 



1 Additional material examined. Venezuela, Cordillera of Merida: Me>ida, 1; 

 Nevados, Paramos de la Sierra (alt. 3,000 meters), 1; Paramos de los Conejos 

 (alt. 3,000 meters), 1. Colombia: "Bogota," 1; Cauca Valley, 1. Ecuador: 

 Baeza, 2. Bolivia: Charuplaya, Dept. La Paz (alt. 1,350 meters), 1. 



2 It is, however, not listed by Pucheran (Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, pp. 81-94, 

 1850) among Vieillot's types. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 207 



12, pp. 163, 187, 1862 Sao Paulo (Ypanema), Goyaz (Porto do Rio 

 Araguay), Matto Grosso (Villa Maria), and Amazonas (Forte do Rio 

 Branco), Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 4, 1868 same localities. 



Spizaetus melanoleucus Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 28, 1850 South 

 America; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 215 Guatemala; Schlegel, 

 Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 14, 1862 Surinam and Costa Rica; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad; 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 132, 1868 La Palma, Costa 

 Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 "Esparza" [=Esparta] 

 and "Pacuar" [=Pacuare], Costa Rica; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 4, p. 38, 1876 Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec, Mexico; Boucard, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 456 Tizimin, Yucatan; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. 

 Ges. Orn., 2, p. 170, 1885 Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul. 



Spiziaetus atriceps Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 62 new name for Falco 

 atricapillus Temminck and Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot. 



Spiz(i)astur melanoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 258, 1874 (descr.); 

 Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 166, 1876 

 (monog.); Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 1881 Santa Efigenia 

 and Uvero, Mexico; Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 167, 

 1886 Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1890, p. 205 Tekanto and Sitilpetch, Yucatan (seen only); Allen, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, 

 Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo Novo and Sao 

 Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 358, 1899 

 Piracicaba, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de 

 Janeiro; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 94, 1901 

 Mexico (Jalapa, Santa Efigenia, Uvero, Tizimin, etc.), Guatemala (Hua- 

 muchal, Savanna Grande), Nicaragua (Matagalpa), Costa Rica (Tucur- 

 rfqui, La Palma, Esparta, Pacuare), Panama (Lion Hill), and South 

 America; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 94, 1907 Sao Paulo and Santa 

 Catharina (Colonia Hansa); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 

 Cayenne; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 465, 1910 El Hogar and 

 Buenos Aires de Te'rraba, Costa Rica; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 18, p. 247, 1910 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., 

 p. 43, 1914 Paraguay; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 258, 1916 

 Rupununi River; M6n6gaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 10, p. 289, 1918 Villa 

 Lutetia, Misiones; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 70, 1919 (chars.; range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 116, 1922 (chars.; range); Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, 

 p. 394, 1926 Conception, Tucuman; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 60, p. 110, 1930 Matto Grosso (Villa Maria, Chapada); Peters, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 309, 1931 Banana River, Almirante, 

 Panama; idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 247, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 64, p. 159, 1932 Guatemala; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, 

 p. 94, 1933 (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 301, 1935 

 Panama; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 451, 

 1936 (range). 



Range. Mexico from Oaxaca (Santa Efigenia) and Vera Cruz 

 (Jalapa, Uvero) south through Central America to Panama (various 




208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



scattered records) ; also occurring in British Guiana (Rio Rupununi), 

 Surinam, French Guiana (Cayenne), Brazil (Rio Branco; Para; 

 Goyaz; Matto Grosso; Rio de Janeiro; Sao Paulo; Santa Catharina; 

 Rio Grande do Sul), northern Argentina (Conception, Tucuman; 

 Villa Lutetia, Misiones), and Paraguay (Alto Parana). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Nicaragua (San Emilio, Rivas, 1); 

 Brazil (Serra da Lua, Amazonas, 1; Boca Ituqui, Para, 1). 



Genus SPIZAETUS Vieillot 



Spizaetus Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 24, April, 1816 type, by subs. 



desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 2, 1840), "L'Autour huppe" Levaillant= 



Falco ornatus Daudin. 

 Plumipeda Fleming, Phil. Zool., 2, p. 234, 1822 type, by monotypy, Falco 



superbus Shaw=.FaZco ornatus Daudin. 

 Pternura Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 259, 1845 type, by monotypy, 



Falco tyrannus Wied. 

 Spiziaetus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, pp. 61, 62 emendation of Spizaetus 



Vieillot. 



*Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied). 2 TYRANT HAWK-EAGLE. 



Falco tyrannus Wied, Reise Bras., 1, p. 360 (8vo ed., p. 357), 1820 Ilha do 

 Chave, below Quartel dos Arcos, Rio Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil (type in 

 Wied Collection, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New 

 York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 267, 1889); Temminck, 

 Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 13, pi. 73, Aug., 1821 Brazil; Wied, Beitr. 

 Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 84, 1830 Rio Belmonte. 



Harpyia braccata Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 7, pi. 3, 1824 "in St. Paolo" 

 =Sao Paulo, Brazil (type lost, formerly in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, 

 Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 569, 1906); 

 Des Murs, Rev. Zool., 10, pp. 315, 323, 1847 "C6te ferme"= Venezuela 

 (crit.). 



1 Additional material examined. Guatemala: Savanna Grande, 1. Honduras: 

 Chamelicon, 1. Nicaragua: Matagalpa, 2. Panama: Veraguas, 1. British 

 Guiana: Rupununi River, 1. Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 1; 

 Rio Araguay, Goyaz, 1 ; Villa Maria, Matto Grosso, 1 ; Blumenau, Santa Catharina, 

 1. 



J Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied), though regarded by Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 Astures, p. 2, 1862) and Swann (Syn. Accip., p. 117, 1922) as a melanistic "phase" 

 of S. ornatus, is quite distinct specifically, as has been pointed out by Stresemann 

 (Journ. Orn., 72, pp. 429-430, 1924). With a large series available for study, 

 we find it to differ conspicuously by larger size, proportionately much longer tail, 

 much shorter tarsus, lack of the rufous color on hind neck, sides of neck and chest 

 in the adult, and the very characteristic juvenile plumage, which has only some 

 white on the throat. 



Additional material examined. Brazil: Manaos, 1; Furo do Japim, Santarem, 

 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1; Mattodentro, Sao Paulo, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 

 14; unspecified, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 209 



[Spizaetus] spixii Des Murs, Rev. Zool., 10, p. 325, 1847 (new name for Harpyia 

 braccata Spix). 



Spizaetus tyrannus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, p. 87, 1848 near 

 Perote, Vera Cruz; Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 11, p. 134, 1848 (crit.); Kaup, 

 Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 63 (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 

 1855 Bogota; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 62, 1855 Rio 

 de Janeiro (Nova Friburgo) and Minas Geraes (between Sabara and Santa 

 Luzia); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 215 Guatemala; Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 253, 1860 vicinity of Orizaba, Mexico; Pelzeln, 

 Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 167, 189, 1862 Sao Paulo (Ypanema), 

 Barra do Rio Negro [=Manaos], Rio Madeira (Borba) (soft parts); 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 316, 1862 Atlantic slope of 

 the Isthmus of Panama; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 p. 368 Panama Railroad; iidem, I.e., 1867, p. 590 Rio Capim, Para; 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 132, 1868 Costa Rica 

 [=Tucurrfqui]; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 4, 1868 Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, 

 Ypanema) and Amazonia (Borba, Rio Madeira; Barra do Rio Negro; 

 Furo do Japim [near Santare'm]); Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 

 Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 215 Cal6bre, Vera- 

 guas; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 838 [San Pedro], Honduras; iidem, 

 I.e., 1873, p. 302 near Santa Cruz, Peru; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 394 

 Para; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 264, 1874 Bogota, Guatemala 

 (Choctum), Rio Capim, and Demerara; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, 

 p. 236, 1881 Mirador and Potrero, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Taczanowski, 

 Orn. Per., 1, p. 134, 1884 Peru (Santa Cruz, Rio Huallaga) and French 

 Guiana; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 169, 1885 Taquara, 

 Rio Grande do Sul; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 

 1899 Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 360, 1899 Sao Paulo; 

 idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; 

 Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 15, 1900 Loma del Le6n, Panama; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 93, 1901 Mexico 

 (Mirador, Potrero), Guatemala (Choctum, Savanna Grande, Duenas), 

 Honduras (Potrerillos, San Pedro), Salvador (Volcan de San Miguel), 

 Nicaragua (Mombacho), Costa Rica, and Panama; Ihering, Cat. Faun. 

 Braz., 1, p. 95, 1907 Sao Paulo (Ubatuba), Minas Geraes (Vargem 

 Alegre), and Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 

 p. 291, 1908 Cayenne; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 466, 1910 

 Juan Vinas and Boruca, Costa Rica; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 412, 

 1910 Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96,- 1912 Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 

 p. 136, 1914 Para, Marajo (Magoary), and Rio Jamauchim, Brazil; 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 260, 1916 Mazaruni River; Dabbene, 

 Bol. Soc. Physis, 2, p. 428, 1916 Santa Ana and Bonpland, Misiones; 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 248, 1917 Puerto Valdivia, 

 Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 250, 1918 Gatun, 

 Panama; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 37, 1918 

 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 71, 1919 

 (chars.; range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 157, 

 1922 Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 

 429, 1924 Jalapa, Mexico, and Para, Brazil (crit.; chars.); Dabbene, El 




210 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Hornero, 3, p. 394, 1926 Santa Ana, Misiones; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 71, p. 309, 1931 Changuinola and Fruitdale, Almirante, Panama; 

 idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 248, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 64, p. 159, 1932 Guatemala; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 101, 

 1933 (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 301, 1935 

 Panama; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 453, 

 1936 (range); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 203, 

 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche, Mexico; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., 

 Bogota, 4, p. 395, 1941 Colombia. 

 Spizaetus braccata Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 12, 1866 Trinidad. 



Range. Southeastern Mexico (State of Vera Cruz), south 

 through Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, eastern 

 Peru, and the whole of Brazil to Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Bolivia 

 (Santa Cruz) and northeastern Argentina (Misiones); Island of 

 Trinidad. 



Field Museum Collection. 19: Mexico (Pacaitun, Campeche, 1); 

 British Honduras (Stann Creek, Middlesex, 1); Costa Rica (Juan 

 Vinas, Cartago, 1); Panama (Rio Santa Maria, Veragua, 1; Port 

 Obaldia, Darien, 1); Colombia (Rio Salaqui, Choco, 1; Cucuta, 

 Santander, 1); Ecuador, Oriente (Rio Capataza, 1; Anosus, 1); 

 Brazil (Canutama, Rio Purus, 2; Joao Pessoa, Amazonas, 1; Ita- 

 coatiara, Rio Amazonas, 2; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 1; Lago 

 Baptista, Amazonas, 1 ; Piquiatuba, Para, 1 ; Joinville, Santa Catha- 

 rina, 1); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1). 



*Spizaetus ornatus ornatus (Daudin). MAUDUYT'S HAWK- 

 EAGLE. 



Falco ornatus Daudin, TraitS El^m. d'Orn., 2, p. 77, 1801 based on "L'Autour 

 huppe" Levaillant (Hist. Nat. Ois. Afr., 1, p. 114, pi. 26) and "L'Aigle 

 Moyen de la Guiane" Mauduyt (Enc. Meth., Hist. Nat. Ois., 1, p. 475), 

 Cayenne; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 78, 1830 Rio Belmonte, 

 Bahia, Brazil. 



Falco superbus Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 64, 1809 based on "L'Aigle 

 Moyen de la Guiane" Mauduyt, Enc. Meth., Hist. Nat. Ois., 1, p. 475, 

 "Guiana" = Cayenne. 



Aquila urutaurana Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., 1, p. 358, 1816 based on "Uru- 

 tauana" Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Bras., p. 203, fig. 204, northeastern Brazil. 



Harpyia ornata Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 8, 1824 "ad flumen Ama- 

 zonum." 



Spizaetus ornatus Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, p. 117, 1846 Tobago; 

 Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 64, 1855 Brazil; Pelzeln, 

 Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 166, 188, 1862 Borba (Rio Madeira), 

 Ypanema (Sao Paulo), Forte do Rio Branco, Lago do Manaqueri (Rio 

 SolimSes), and Villa do Tapajoz [=Santarem], Brazil (soft parts); idem, 

 Orn. Bras., 1, p. 4, 1868 same localities; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 10, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 211 



1866 Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 753 

 Chyavetas, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 629 San Esteban, Venezuela; 

 Finsch, I.e., 1870, p. 555 Trinidad; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Natur- 

 hist. Foren., 1870, p. 72 near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 302 Chyavetas, Peru; 

 Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 289, 1873 Blumenau, Santa Catharina; 

 Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 246, 1874 Rio Guayquiraro, Cor- 

 rientes; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe"r., 1, p. 135, 1884 part, Chyavetas; 

 Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 169, 1885 Linha Piraja, 

 Rio Grande do Sul; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 75 Bartica Grove, British 

 Guiana; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 Nericagua, 

 Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 95, 1907 Sao 

 Paulo (Iguape") and Santa Catharina (Colonia Hansa); Berlepsch, Nov. 

 Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne; Hellmayr, I.e., 17, p. 412, 1910 

 Borba, Rio Madeira; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 

 247, 1910 Chaco Boreal and Misiones; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 

 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 136, 1914 

 (listed); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 259, 1916 Berbice River and 

 Bartica; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 345, 1916 Neri- 

 cagua, Rio Orinoco; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 248, 1917 

 part, La Morelia, Colombia; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 70, 1919 (in 

 part); Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 429, 1924 part, Para, Bahia, and 

 Santa Catharina (crit.); Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 394, 1926 Con- 

 cepcion, Tucuman; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 

 1926 Barra do Rio Bom, Parana; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 60, p. 110, 1930 Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 248, 1931 

 (range in part); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 237, 1932 

 Sarayacu, Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 98, 1933 (in part); 

 Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 593 Trinidad; Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 20, p. 52, 1936 Fazenda Formiga, Rio das Almas, Goyaz; Steullet 

 and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 452, 1936 Monte Carlo, 

 Misiones; Lehmann, Caldasia, 2, 2 pis., p. 413, 1944 (plumages). 



Spizaetus mauduyti (not Falco mauduyti Daudin) 1 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 262, 1874 part, spec, a, b, e, Brazil, Bahia; Riker and Chap- 

 man, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 Santare"m, Brazil; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Cory, Auk, 10, p. 220, 

 1893 Tobago; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 

 Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 359, 1899 Iguap6, Sao Paulo. 



Spizaetus apirati Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 154, Jan., 1901 

 Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni). 



Spizaetus ornatus ornatus Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 

 (3), 23, p. 53, 1945 Bolivia (Victoria and Bresta, El Beni). 



1 Falco mauduyti Daudin (Traite" Etem. d'Orn., 2, p. 73, 1801 based on the 

 ambiguously described "Grand Autour de Cayenne" Mauduyt, Enc. Me'th., Hist. 

 Nat. Ois., 1, p. 500) appears to be unidentifiable. Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. Hist. 

 Nat., nouv. ed., 10, p. 341, 1817) proposed the name Sparvius nigricans for the 

 larger of the two birds described by Mauduyt, which the latter author believed 

 to be the female of his "Grand Autour de Cayenne." 




212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Range. Eastern South America, from the eastern base of the 

 east Colombian Andes (La Morelia) east through Venezuela, Trini- 

 dad, and Tobago to the Guianas and south through Brazil, eastern 

 Ecuador (Sarayacu), and eastern Peru (near Santa Cruz, Rio 

 Huallaga) to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia (Santa 

 Cruz) and northern Argentina (Conception, Tucuman; Misiones). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 7: Brazil (Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas, 

 1; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 2; Caxiricatuba, 

 Rio Tapajoz, 1; Obidos, Para, 1); Bolivia (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 

 1). 



*Spizaetus ornatus vicarius Friedmann. 2 FRIEDMANN'S HAWK- 

 EAGLE. 



Spizaetus ornatus vicarius Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 25, No. 10, 

 p. 451, Oct. 15, 1935 near "Manatol" [= Manatee] Lagoon, British 

 Honduras (type in Carnegie Museum); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Zool. Ser., 24, p. 203, 1941 Campeche (Pacaitun), Yucatan (Tizimin). 



Spizaetus ornatus (not Falco ornatus Daudin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 25, p. 201, 1857 Jalapa, Mexico; Moore, I.e., 27, p. 52, 1859 Puerto 

 Caballos, near Omoa, Honduras; Sclater, I.e., p. 389, 1859 Teotalcingo, 

 Oaxaca; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 215 Cahab6n, Guatemala; 

 Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 223 between Potrerillos and San Pedro, Honduras; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad; 

 Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 158 Cordillera de Tol6, Veraguas; Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 132, 1868 Costa Rica (San Jos6, La Palma, 

 Juan); Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 367, 1869 Orosi and La Palma, 

 Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 215 Calovevora, 

 Veraguas; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 540 Remedies, Colombia; 

 Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 404, 1882 La Palma, Gulf of 

 Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 6, p. 408, 1884 Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; 

 Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 135, 1884 part, Lechugal, Peru; Ferrari- 

 Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 167, 1887 Actopam and Barra de 

 Santa Ana, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 1, p. 126, 1887 San Jos6, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 

 San Jose, Costa Rica; idem, Anal. Inst. Ffs.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 4, p. 145, 1893 Boruca, Costa Rica; Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 446 



1 Additional material examined. Guiana: Cayenne, 1; Bartica Grove, 1. 

 Tobago: 1. Venezuela: Nericagua, Rio Orinoco, 1. Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, 

 Rio Branco, 1 ; Santar&n, 1 ; Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes, 1 ; Borba, Rio Madeira, 1 ; 

 Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 2; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 7; unspecified, 3. Ecuador: 

 Sarayacu, 1. 



2 Spizaetus ornatus vicarius Friedmann: Similar to the nominate race, but 

 with the sides of the head, nuchal collar, and sides of neck and chest duller rufous, 

 snuff brown to Mikado brown rather than cinnamon rufous to hazel. The other 

 characters claimed for this form prove to be of no consequence. 



Sixteen specimens from Central America, one from Colombia (Remedios), and 

 one from western Ecuador examined. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 213 



Miravalles, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 

 3, p. 92, 1901 part, Mexico, British Honduras (Belize), Guatemala 

 (Coban, Cahabon, Choctum, Costa Grande), Honduras (Puerto Caballo), 

 Nicaragua (Los Sabalos, San Emilio), Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia; 

 Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 83, 1907 Patulul, 

 Guatemala; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 465, 1910 Guanacaste 

 and El Pozo de Te"rraba, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 36, p. 248, 1917 part, Atrato River and Puerto Valdivia, Colombia; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 70, 1919 part, Central America; Todd and 

 Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 157, 1922 Bonda, Santa Marta, 

 Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 

 near Gualea, Ecuador; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 429, 1924 part, 

 Mexico, Costa Rica, and Panama; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 55, p. 236, 1926 Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 248, 1931 part, 

 Central America to Ecuador; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, 

 p. 159, 1932 Guatemala; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 98, 1933 

 (in part); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 301, 1935 Panama; 

 Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Uaxactun, 

 PetSn, Guatemala; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 

 395, pi. 1, fig. 1, pi. 2, fig. 10, 1941 Colombia. 



Spizaetus tyrannus (not Falco tyrannus Wied) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 26, p. 357, 1858 near Potrerillos, Atlantic side, Honduras. 



Spizaetus mauduyti (not Falco mauduyti Daudin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 262, 1874 part, spec, c, d, Panama and Guatemala (Coban); 

 Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 38, 1876 Santa Efigenia, Tehuan- 

 tepec, Mexico; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 1881 Cacoprieto, 

 Oaxaca. 



Range. Southern Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz south 

 through Central America to Colombia (west of the eastern Andes) 

 and western Ecuador to the Peruvian boundary (Lechugal). 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Mexico (Tutla, Oaxaca, 1; Pacaitun, 

 Campeche, 1) ; Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 1) ; Honduras (San Pedro, 

 Colon, 1) ; Nicaragua (San Emilio, Rivas, 1) ; Colombia (Rio Jurado, 

 Choco, 2; Ricaurte, Narino, 1). 



*Spizaetus devillei Dubois. 1 DEVILLE'S HAWK-EAGLE. 



1 Spizaetus devillei Dubois was known only from two specimens in the Brussels 

 Museum until Field Museum recently acquired a third. The description and 

 figure of the bird that the describer took to be the adult, somewhat resembles the 

 juvenile plumage of S. ornatus because of its white head and under parts. It dif- 

 fers, however, by lacking the broad black barring on the sides and tihial feathers 

 (these markings being replaced by narrow shaft streaks) and by having only three 

 (instead of five or six) black bands across the tail. The supposed young bird illus- 

 trated by Dubois (pi. 2) is remarkable for having the feathers of the under parts 

 dark brown, bordered with white, and looks very different from any plumage of 

 S. ornatus with which I am acquainted. 



The dimensions which are given by the describer (wing, 470; tail, 320) are 

 much larger, and even exceed those of S. tyrannus. I cannot help thinking that 

 Dubois has misinterpreted the plumages, the white-bellied bird being in all prob- 




214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Spizaetus devillei Dubois, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Lettr. et Beaux-Arts de Belg., 

 (2), 38, p. 129, pis. 1, 2, 1874 Baeza, eastern Ecuador (type in Brussels 

 Museum); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 236, 1926 Baeza 

 (ex Dubois); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 248, 1931 (ex Dubois); Conover, 

 Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 44, 1946 Saloya, western Pichincha, Ecuador 

 (disc, of third recorded specimen; translation of original description). 



Range. Eastern (Baeza) and western (Saloya) Ecuador. 

 Field Museum Collection. 1: Ecuador (Saloya, west Ecuador, I). 1 



Genus AQUILA Brisson 



Aquila Brisson, Orn., 1, pp. 28, 419, 1760 type, by tautonymy, Aquila 

 Brisson=Falco chrysaetos Linnaeus. 



Euaquila Acloque, Faune de France, 1, p. 99, 1900 type, by subs, desig. 

 (Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53, p. 589, 1917), Falco chrysaetos 

 Linnaeus. 



*Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linnaeus). 2 GOLDEN EAGLE. 



Falco canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 88, 1758 based on 

 "The White-Tailed Eagle" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., 1, p. 1, pi. 1, 

 Hudson's Bay (described from a live bird in the possession of Dr. R. M. 

 Massey, at Stepney, London). 



Aquila canadensis Duges, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 138, 1870 Guanajuato, 

 Mexico. 



ability younger than the one with dusky-spotted under parts. I may also 

 mention that in some young individuals of S. ornatus the black markings on the 

 tibial feathers are much reduced in extent, but I have never seen an example 

 without black bars on the flanks or with less than five black tail-bands. C.E.H. 



1 This specimen is in the white-breasted plumage which Dubois considered 

 that of the adult. It agrees very well in coloration with both his illustration (pi. 1) 

 and the description except that the top of the head and back of the neck are 

 much whiter than they are shown in the figure. Its dimensions also agree with 

 those given by Dubois. It is a male and the wing measures 470, the tail 320, 

 the tarsus 116 and the middle toe without claw 60 mm. While it superficially 

 resembles the juvenile plumage of S. ornatus, it can be separated at a glance by 

 its much larger size, by the lack of black barrings on the flanks and thighs, by 

 the three instead of five black tail-bands and by its having the upper wing coverts 

 and tertials edged with white. 



Dr. Hellmayr's suggestion that this white-breasted plumage is that of the 

 juvenile and not the adult is borne out by this example. In it some of the old 

 worn white-edged feathers of the back have been replaced by new unworn ones, 

 which are dark brown (almost black) without any white edges, thus agreeing in 

 color with Dubois' illustration (pi. 2) and description of the supposed young 

 example in the Brussels Museum. 



The specimen was collected in western Ecuador at Saloya (el. 1,100 meters), 

 on the Saloya River, on the southwest slope of the Pichincha volcano. B.C. 



* Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linnaeus), judging from the six American 

 specimens available for comparison, seems to be separable from the European 

 form by somewhat darker, more blackish brown coloration. I do not find, however, 

 any appreciable difference in dimensions. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 215 



Aquila chrysaetus var. canadensis Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Amer. Bds., 3, p. 314, 1874 (monog.). 



Aquila chrysaetus(os) (not Falco chrysaetos Linnaeus) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 235, 1874 part, specs., Fort Simpson; Bendire, Life Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 263, pi. 9, figs. 3, 5, 1892 (nesting habits); Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 91, 1901 North America 

 south to Durango (Ciudad Durango) and Guanajuato, Mexico; Grinnell, 

 Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 110, 1929 northern Lower California. 



Aquila chrysaetos canadensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 64, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 109, 1922 (crit.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 

 2, p. 30, 1932 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 254, 1931 (range); 

 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 293, 1937 (life hist.; distr.); Van Tyne 

 and Sutton, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 31, p. 23, 1937 Brewster 

 County, Texas; Porsild, Canad. Field Nat., 57, p. 25, 1943 Mackenzie 

 Delta (breeding); van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana State 

 Univ., 21, p. 59, 1945 northern Sonora (resident). 



Range. Breeds from northern Alaska east to northern Ungava, 

 south through mountainous regions to northern Lower California, 

 northern Mexico, western Texas, and formerly to northern Florida, 

 southern Texas and central Mexico (Guanajuato). 



Field Museum Collection. 18: Alaska (Bethel, 2; Barrow, 1); 

 British Columbia (Vancouver Island, 1); Alberta (Drumheller, 1; 

 Rosebud, 1) ; California (San Diego County, 1) ; Arizona (Phoenix, 1) ; 

 Wyoming (Custer, 1; Laramie, 1; Rocky Ford, 1) ; Nebraska (Stratton, 

 1) ; Arkansas (Madison County, 1) ; Minnesota (Roseau County, 1 ; 

 Marshall County, 1); Illinois (Waukegan, 1; Cook County, 1); 

 Connecticut (New Haven, 1). 



Genus HALIAEETUS Savigny 



Haliaeetus Savigny, Descr. de 1'Egypte, Hist. Nat., 1, p. 68, 1809 type, by 

 monotypy, Haliaeetus nisus Savigny = Falco Albicilla Linnaeus. 



Thallasoaetus Kaup, Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 123, 1844 type, by monotypy, 

 Aquila pelagica Pallas. 



"Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephahis (Linnaeus) . SOUTHERN 

 BALD EAGLE. 



Falco leucocephalus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 124, 1766 based 

 on "The Bald Eagle" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 1, pi. 1, and 

 "L'Aigle a tete blanche" Brisson, Orn., 1, p. 422, in America, Europa= 

 South Carolina (ex Catesby). 



Aquila pygargus Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., 1, p. 348, 1816 based largely on 

 "L'Aigle a tete blanche" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 411, and "The Bald 

 Eagle" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 1, pi. 1. 




216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Haliaetus leucocephalus Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 



3, p. 326, 1874 (monog.; in part); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 304, 



1874 (in part); Crandall, Zoologica, N. Y., 26, p. 7, 1941 (plumage changes 



with age). 

 Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 90, 1920 



(chars.; range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 141, 1922 (range); Grinnell, Univ. 



Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 110, 1929 Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 



1, p. 258, 1931 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 178, 1934 (monog.); 



Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 321, 1937 (life hist.; distr.). 

 Haliaeetus floridana H. B. Bailey, Bailey Mus. and Libr. Nat. Hist., Bull, 



No. 4, p. [2], "April 1" (= March 20), 1930 lower Florida Peninsula 



(type in coll. of H. B. Bailey). 

 Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bellrose, Auk, 61, p. 467, 1944 Illinois (nesting 



records). 



Range. Southern half of the United States from Virginia west 

 through the Gulf states to New Mexico, Arizona, southern Cali- 

 fornia, and northern Lower California. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 10: California (San Clemente Island, 

 2; Monterey County, 1); Virginia (Princess Anne County, 1; 

 Northampton County, 1); Georgia (Roswell, 1); Florida (Anclote, 3; 

 Putnam County, 1). 



*Haliaeetus leucocephalus washing toniensis (Audubon). 2 

 NORTHERN BALD EAGLE. 



Falco washingtoniensis Audubon, Bds. Amer. (folio ed.), pi. 11, 1827. 



Falco washingtoni Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, pp. 58, 62, 1831 near Henderson, 

 Kentucky (the type specimen was presented by Audubon to his host 

 Dr. Rankin and, if preserved at all, is doubtless unidentifiable). 



Haliaetus leucocephalus (not Falco leucocephalus Linnaeus) Stejneger, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 29, p. 209, 1885 Bering Island (crit.; meas.). 



Haliaetus leucocephalus alascanus Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, p. 145, 

 June 9, 1897 Unalaska, Aleutian Islands (type in U. S. National Mu- 

 seum); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 91, 1920 (chars.; range); idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 141, 1922 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 180, 1934 

 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 333, 1937 (crit.; life hist.; 

 distr.). 



Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 258, 

 1931 (range). 



1 We have not been able to find any record from other parts of Mexico. 



2 Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis (Audubon) differs from the nomi- 

 nate race merely by its larger size. It is very hard to draw the line between the 

 two subspecies since the decrease in dimensions is rather gradual from north to 

 south. From the material we have seen, it seems appropriate to restrict in 

 the east the range of typical leucocephalus to the southern states. The earliest 

 name for the larger form would then be washingtoniensis, as has been pointed out 

 by Peters. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 217 



Haliaeetus kucocephalus alascanus Swarth, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 22, p. 24, 

 1934 Kodiak, Sitkalidak and Akutan Islands, Alaska (nesting); Murie, 

 Condor, 42, p. 198, 1940 Aleutian Islands (economic status); Porsild, 

 Canad. Field Nat., 57, p. 26, 1943 Mackenzie Delta (breeding north 

 to the tree limit). 



Range. Northwestern Alaska and northern Mackenzie to north- 

 ern Ungava and south to British Columbia and the northern half 

 of the United States. 



Field Museum Collection. 26: Alaska (Boisdequadia, 1; unspeci- 

 fied, 1; Kodiak Island, 1); British Columbia (Vancouver Island, 10); 

 Washington (Jefferson County, 1) ; North Dakota (Ramsey County, 

 1; Towner County, 1); Illinois (Cook County, 1; Deerfield, 1; West 

 Brooklyn, 1; Joliet, 1); Indiana (Michigan City, 1); Nova Scotia 

 (Dartmouth, 1; Halifax, 1); Connecticut (Willimantic, 1; Branford, 

 1; Lynn, 1). 



*Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus). GRAY SEA EAGLE. 



Falco Albicilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 89, 1758 based principally 

 on Fauna Svec., p. 57, terra typica, therefore, Sweden. 



Haliaetos Groenlandicus Brehm, Handl. Naturg. Deuts., p. 16, 1831 Green- 

 land (no type extant). 



Haliaetus brooksi Hume, Ibis, (n.s.), 6, No. 3, p. 438, July, 1870 based on 

 Haliaetus? pelagicus (not Aquila pelagica Pallas) Hume, Rough Not. Ind. 

 Col. Orn., Part 2, p. 253, 1870 between Mynpooree and Etwah, Upper 

 India (type from Summan Jheel, Mainpuri District, in the British Museum, 

 examined). 



Haliaeetus albicilla Kumlien, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 15, p. 82, 1879 Cumber- 

 land Sound (American Harbor, Oct., 1877); Bishop, N. Amer. Fauna, 19, 

 p. 73, 1900 Unalaska (Oct. 5, 1899); Crandall, Auk, 32, p. 368, 1915 

 off Nantucket Lightship, Massachusetts (Nov. 14, 1914); Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 90, 1920 (range) ; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 258, 1931 (range); 

 Jourdain, in Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 315, 1937 (life hist.). 



Haliaeetus albicilla brooksi Clark, 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 38, p. 57, 1910 

 (crit.); Oberholser, Auk, 36, p. 82, 1919 (crit.). 



Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 140, 1922 (chars.; range); 

 idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 173, 1934 (monog.). 



Haliaeetus albicilla groenlandicus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 141, 1922 Greenland 

 (crit.); Schioler, Danm. Fugle, 3, p. 79, pis. 21-23, 1931 Greenland 

 (monog.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 176, 1934 (monog.). 



1 There is hardly any doubt that H. albicilla groenlandicus Brehm is separable 

 by its larger size, as demonstrated by Schioler with the help of a good series from 

 Greenland. On the other hand, we have been unable to corroborate the lesser 

 dimensions of birds from eastern Siberia and Japan, which gave rise to the resuscita- 

 tion of an alleged smaller form H. a. brooksi. Of the specimens found on American 

 soil the one from Unalaska is without question the typical race, while the bird 

 seen by Kumlien in Cumberland Sound is more likely to have been H. a. groen- 

 landicus. 




218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Range. Breeds in Greenland, Iceland, Europe, and northern 

 Asia. Casual on the Aleutian Islands (Unalaska, Oct. 5, 1899) and 

 in Cumberland Sound (American Harbor, October, 1877) ; accidental 

 off the coast of Massachusetts (off Nantucket Lightship, Nov. 14, 

 1914). i 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Alaska (Unalaska, 1); Greenland 

 (Julianehaab, 2; Kangerlud, 1). 



Haliaeetus pelagicus pelagicus (Pallas). STELLER'S SEA EAGLE. 



Aquila pelagica Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asi., 1, p. 343, 1811 "in insulis inter 

 Camtchatkam et Continentem Americes, praesertim in infami naufragio 

 et morte Beringii insula," 2 (type in coll. of P. Pallas). 



Thalassoaelus pelagicus Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 38, p. 57, 1910 Un- 

 alaska (May 26, 1906; sight record); Hanna, Auk, 37, p. 250, 1920 St. 

 Paul Island, Pribilof Islands (Dec. 15, 1917); Gilbert, Condor, 24, p. 66, 

 1922 Kodiak Island, Alaska (Aug. 10, 1921); Preble and McAtee, N. 

 Amer. Fauna, 46, p. 82, 1923 St. Paul, Pribilof Islands. 



Haliaeetus pelagicus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 258, 1931 (range). 



Thallassoaetus pelagicus pelagicus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 181, 1934 

 (monog.). 



Thallasoaetus pelagicus Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 349, 1937 (life 

 hist.). 



Range. Breeds in northeastern Siberia, Kamchatka and Sak- 

 halin Island. Casual on the Pribilof Islands (St. Paul, Dec. 15, 1917) 

 and on Kodiak Island (Aug. 10, 1921) ; 3 winters in Korea, Japan and 

 the Riukiu Islands. 



Subfamily CIRCINAE. Harriers 



Genus CIRCUS Lace"pede 



Circus LacSpede, Tabl. M6th. Ois., p. 4, 1799 type, by subs, desig. (Lesson, 

 Man. d'Orn., 1, p. 105, 1828), Falco aeruginosus Linnaeus. 



Polyborus Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. ElSm., p. 22, April, 1816 type by 

 monotypy, "Caracara" BuSon=Falco brasiliensis Gmelin. 



Pygargus Koch, Syst. Bair. Zool., 1, p. 127, July, 1816 type, by monotypy, 

 Pygargus dispar Koc1n=Falco cyaneus Linnaeus. 



1 Cf. Crandall, Auk, 32, p. 368, 1915. 



2 Stejneger (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 65, 1883, and Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 



. 212, 1885) explains that Pallas was mistaken in indicating Bering Island 

 e true habitat of this eagle. Its habitat is principally the mainland of 

 achatka, while it is only an occasional visitor to Bering Island. 



3 One sight record from the Aleutians (Unalaska, May 26, 1906). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 219 



Strigiceps Bonaparte, 1 Comp. List Bds. Eur. Amer., p. 5, April, 1838 type, 

 by subs, desig. (Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 212, 1874), Falco cyaneus Linnaeus. 



Spizacircus Kaup, 2 Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 258, 1845 type, by restriction 

 (Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 90) and subs, desig. (Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 212, 1874, and Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 50, 1874), Circus macropterus Vieillot= Falco brasiliensis 

 Gmelin. 



Spiziacercus Kaup, Arch. Naturg., 16, (1), p. 32, 1850 type, by monotypy, 

 Circus macropterus Vieillot=FaZco brasiliensis Gmelin. 



*Circus cyaneus hudsonius (Linnaeus). MARSH HAWK. 



Falco hudsonius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 128, 1766 based on 



"The Ring-tailed Hawk" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., 3, p. 107, pi. 107, 



Hudson's Bay. 



(l)Falco spadiceus Forster, Phil. Trans., 62, p. 383, 1772 Hudson Bay. 

 Falco uliginosus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 278, 1788 based principally 



upon "Marsh Hawk" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 173, pi. 291, 



Pennsylvania. 

 Falco europogistus (Bosc MS.) Daudin, Traite" Elem. d'Orn., 2, p. 110, 1800 



Carolina (location of type not stated). 

 Circus europogistus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Am6r. Sept., 1, p. 36, pi. 8, 1807 



Carolina (descr. of adult male). 

 Buteo (Circus) cyaneus? var. ?americanus (notButeo americanus Vieillot, 1816) 



Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer., 2, "1831," 



p. 55, pi. 29, Feb., 1832 Saskatchewan. 

 Circus cyaneus hudsonius Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Circi, p. 2, 1862 part, 



North America (crit.); Oberholser, Auk, 36, p. 82, 1919 (crit.); Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 11, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 18, 



1921 (range); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 44, 1923 Cuba 



(winter); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 107, 1925 (monog.); Peters, 



Bds. World, 1, p. 265, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 



78, p. 301, 1935 Panama; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 



24, p. 203, 1941 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. 



Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 60, 1945 Sonora (range); Borrero, 



Caldasia, 3, No. 14, p. 412, 1945 Sabana de Bogota, Colombia (common). 

 Circus cyaneus var. hudsonius Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 



Bds., 3, p. 214, 1874 (monog.); Cory, Bds. Bahamas, p. 128, 1880 



Bahama Islands. 

 Circus hudsonius Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 55, 1874 (monog.); 



Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 145, 1893 



1 Strigiceps Bonaparte (Giorn. Arcad., 49, p. 36, 1831) is a nomen nudum. 



2 Kaup originally also included rutilans Licht. and rufulus Vieill. [both= 

 Heterospizias meridionalis (Lath.)], but it results from his account in the Isis 

 that the generic name was intended for Circus macropterus Vieillot [=C. brasiliensis 

 (Gmelin)] which, furthermore, was designated as genotype by both Ridgway and 

 Sharpe. 




220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Boruca, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, 

 p. 43, 1899 Mexico to Panama; Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, 

 p. 362, 1905 New Providence and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Carriker, 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 451, 1910 Costa Rica (Bolson, Cartago, 

 Azahar de Cartago, Turrticares) ; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 193, 

 1916 Los Indios, Isle of Pines; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 36, p. 239, 1917 Atrato River, Colombia; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto 

 Rico and Virgin Islands, 9, p. 323, 1927 Puerto Rico; Grinnell, Univ. 

 Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 107, 1929 Pacific side of northwestern Lower 

 California; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 115, 

 1931 Hispaniola; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 150, 1932 

 Guatemala (winter); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 78, 1937 (life 

 hist.); Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, 

 p. 128, 1938 El Salvador (October to April). 



Circus hudsonicus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1879, p. 539 

 Medellin, Colombia. 



Range. North America from northwestern Alaska, Mackenzie, 

 northern Manitoba, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to 

 northern Lower California, Texas, Ohio, and Virginia; winters from 

 southern British Columbia, South Dakota, southern Michigan, south- 

 ern New York, and New England south through Central America to 

 Colombia 1 and Cuba; casual in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and the 

 Virgin Islands (St. Croix). 



Field Museum Collection. 137: Alaska (St. Michael's, 1); British 

 Columbia (Okanagan, 3; Graham Island, 1; Esquinalt, 1); Alberta 

 (Tofield, 2; Rosebud, 1; Calgary, 2); Saskatchewan (Osier, 1; 

 Maple Creek, 1); Manitoba (Winnipeg, 1; Elkhorn, 2); Oregon 

 (Salem, Marion County, 1; Voltage, 1); California (Nigger Slough, 

 Los Angeles County, 1); Arizona (Tucson, 1); Utah (Salt Lake 

 City, 1; Minersville, Beaver County, 1); Colorado (Fraser, 1; 

 Troublesome, 1); New Mexico (Deming, 10); Texas (El Paso, 1; 

 Harlingen, 1 ; Port Lavaca, 1 ; Austin, 1) ; North Dakota (Bottineau, 

 1; Nelson County, 6; Wolford, 1; Lac aux Morts, 1; Towner County, 

 9); Nebraska (Lincoln, 1); Arkansas (Arkansas County, 1; Fayette- 

 ville, 2); Oklahoma (Alva, 1); Minnesota (Stafford, 1); Wisconsin 

 (Beaver Dam, 18); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 1; Cook County, 

 1); Indiana (Bluff ton, 1); Prince Edward Island (Malpeque, 1); 

 Massachusetts (Great Island, 1; Monomoy Island, 2; Waltham, 1); 



1 Up to 1944 there have been only two records for the Marsh Hawk's occurrence 

 in Colombia, a female taken by K. T. Salmon at Medellin, Cauca, and an immature 

 male collected by Mrs. Kerr on the Atrato River (Nov. 23, 1909). The Medellin 

 bird can very nearly be matched by specimens from the eastern United States, 

 having but a few rufous markings on the under wing coverts. C.E.H. 



In 1945, Borrero (Caldasia, 3, No. 14, p. 412, 1945) reported this form as being 

 common on the Bogotd Savanna. B.C. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 221 



Rhode Island (Narragansett Pier, 1); Connecticut (Stamford, 2; 

 Warren, 4; East Hartford, 1; New Haven County, 14; Lyme, 4); 

 New York (Shelter Island, 1); New Jersey (Orange, 1); North 

 Carolina (Pea Island, Dare County, 2); Georgia (Roswell, 1); 

 Florida (Miami Beach, 3) ; Cuba (Minas, Havana, 2) ; Virgin Islands 

 (St. Croix, 2); Mexico (San Jos del Cabo, Lower California, 1; 

 San Simon, Sinaloa, 6; Monterey, Nuevo Leon, 1; Chichen Itza, 

 Yucatan, 1); El Salvador (Divisadero, Morazon, 1); Honduras 

 (Tegucigalpa, Tegucigalpa, 1). 



"Circus cyaneus cinereus Vieillot. 1 CINEREOUS HARRIER. 



Circus cinereus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 4, p. 454, Dec. 14, 

 1816 based on "Gavilan del campo ceniciento" Azara, No. 32, Paraguay 

 and La Plata River; d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me>id., Ois., p. 116, 1836 

 Corrientes, Buenos Aires, Patagonia, and Chile; Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 

 3, Birds, p. 30, 1839 Falkland Islands and Chile (Concepci6n) ; Eraser, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 1843 Chile; Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. 

 Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 239, 1847 Chile; Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. 

 Ast. Exp., 2, p. 175, 1855 Chile; Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, 

 p. 94, 1859 Falkland Islands; Sclater, I.e., 28, p. 384, 1860 Falkland 

 Islands; Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 Mendoza and Santa 

 F6" (Rosario); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 439, 1861 Rosario to 

 Mendoza, Argentina; Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 152 Falkland Islands; 

 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Circi, p. 5, 1862 Falkland Islands, Chile, etc. 

 (crit.); Pelzeln, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 13, 1865 Chile (spec, 

 examined); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 Chile 

 (crit.); Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 245, 1868 Chile; Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 143 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; 

 iidem, I.e., 1869, p. 155 Tinta, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; Lee, Ibis, 1873, 



1 Circus cyaneus cinereus Vieillot, in juvenile plumage as well as in the garb 

 of the adult male, is so similar to the North American Marsh Hawk that in spite 

 of the differently colored female there can be little doubt about its conspecific 

 relationship. Certain young individuals of the two "species" are hardly dis- 

 tinguishable, and the gap which separates the adult males, while not wholly bridged 

 by variation, is not very great. We are therefore inclined to follow Ridgway, 

 who as long ago as 1874 classified cyaneus, hudsonius, and cinereus as varieties 

 of a single specific entity. 



There does not seem to be much local variation in this widespread Harrier, 

 birds from Peru and Ecuador (poliopterus) being to all intent identical with 

 others from Paraguay and eastern Argentina. A single adult male from the 

 Falklands (histrionicus) is smaller (wing, 300, against 315-335 mm.) and should 

 this difference be corroborated by additional material, it might be advisable to 

 keep the insular birds separate under Quoy and Gaimard's name. 



Additional material examined. Ecuador: Chical, 2; Coraz6n, 1; Carapungo, 

 1. Peru: Lake Junfn, 3; Tinta, 1; Arequipa, 1. Chile: Coquimbo, 2; unspecified, 

 19; Maquehue, 1; Desagiie, Puerto Montt, Llanquihue, 1; Gregory Bay, 1. 

 Paraguay: Villa Rica, 3. Uruguay: Paysandu, 2; Montevideo, 1; Durazno, 1. 

 Argentina: Buenos Aires (Lomas de Zamora, Espartillar, Los Ingleses, etc.), 23; 

 Neuqu6n, 1; Nahuel Huapi, Neuque'n, 1; Lago Blanco, Chubut, 9; Chubut Valley, 

 1; Monteleon, Santa Cruz, 2. Tierra del Fuego: Viamonte, 2. Falkland Islands, 

 3. 




222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



p. 131 near Frayle Muerto, Cordova; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 



I, p. 56, 1874 (descr.); Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 355, 1876 

 Moho, Lake Titicaca; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 558, 1877 Cau- 

 quenes, Colchagua, Chile; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, pp. 38, 187 Chubut 

 Valley and Buenos Aires; idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 397 Valley of the Rio 

 Chubut; Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 411 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; 

 Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 49, 1881 Rio 

 Colorado and Rio Negro; Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 10 

 Coquimbo, Chile; Salvin, I.e., 1883, p. 426 Coquimbo; Taczanowski, 

 Orn. Per., 1, p. 171, 1884 Peru; Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 30, 1884 Buenos 

 Aires (Bahia Blanca, Ventana, Pique, Carhue"); Withington, Ibis, 1888, 

 p. 469 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. 

 Buenos Aires, 3, p. 316, 1888 Rio Chico del Chubut, Patagonia; Sclater 

 and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 57, 1889 Argentina (habits); Holland, Ibis, 

 1890, p. 425 Espartillar, near Ranches, Buenos Aires; Oustalet, Miss. 

 Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B.19, 1891 Punta Arenas; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 

 39, p. 114, 1891 southern and western parts of Cordoba Province; 

 Holland, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; idem, I.e., 1892, p. 203 Espartillar, Buenos 

 Aires; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 28, 1897 Tala, 

 Salta; Schalow, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 696, 1898 Cape Espiritu 

 Santo, Tierra del Fuego; Gosse, in Fitz Gerald, The Highest Andes, p. 351, 

 1899 Lujan, Mendoza (habits); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 29, 1900 El Troje (Huaca), Vallevicioso (Coto- 

 paxi), Chaupi (Illiniza), and Canar, Ecuador; Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. 

 Stor. Nat. Geneva, (2), 20, p. 614, 1900 Santa Cruz, Patagonia, and Rio 

 Pescado, Straits of Magellan; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 247, 

 1901 Chile (monog.); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1902, (2), p. 42 Ingapirca, Junin, Peru; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 8, p. 202, 1902 Rio Sail, Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 



II, p. 251, 1904 Rosario, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, 

 p. 61, 1905 Rio Salf, Tucuman; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, 

 p. 129, 1906 Puno, Peru; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 85, 1907 

 (range); Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 10, 1907 Useless Settle- 

 ment (habits); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Coronel 

 Dorrego (Buenos Aires) and Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 18, p. 241, 1910 (range in Argentina); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 330 

 Los Ingleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 

 Paraguay; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., 

 p. 590, 1915 near Coy Inlet and Rio Chico, Santa Cruz; Hussey, Auk, 

 33, p. 389, 1916 environs of Buenos Aires; Reed, Aves Prov. Mendoza, 

 p. 20, 1916 Lujan de Cuyo, Tunuyan, and Tupungato; Chapman, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 240, 1917 Anolaima, Colombia; Sanzin, El 

 Hornero, 1, p. 149, 1918 Mendoza; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 280 Sumbay, 

 Peru, and Cochabamba, Bolivia; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 506 Cape San 

 Antonio, Buenos Aires; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 11, 1919 (range); 

 Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 Rivera and Cerro Largo, Uruguay; 

 Wace, I.e., 2, p. 203, 1920 Falkland Islands; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 117, p. 57, 1921 Ttica-Ttica, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; Swann, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 19, 1921 (range); Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 175, 

 1921 Rio Blanco, Aconcagua, Chile; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 223 



14, No. 25, p. 32, 1922 Ecuador (Pichincha above Lloa; Coraz6n; slopes 

 of Iliniza; north of Cotopaxi; Romerillos; Zambiza; Mindo); Daguerre, 

 El Hornero, 2, p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos Aires; Serte and Smyth, I.e., 

 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Giacomelli, I.e., p. 77, 1923 

 La Rioja; Pereyra, I.e., p. 174, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Peters, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 305, 1923 Neluan and Bariloche, Rio Negro; 

 Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 628, 1924 Buenos Aires; 

 Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 32, 1924 San Bernardo, Santiago, 

 Chile; Housse, I.e., 29, p. 142, 1925 San Bernardo; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 114, 1925 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 220, 1926 El Coraz6n, Cerro Iliniza, and above Chambo, Ecuador; 

 Ban-OS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 30, p. 142, 1926 Nilahue, Curic6, Chile; 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 108, 1926 Lavalle and below 

 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; idem, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 24, 

 p. 422, 1926 Chubut (Maite'n; Lago Mosquitos, Cholila; Leleque); 

 Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 330 Falkland Islands; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, 

 p. 356, 1926 Venado Tuerto, Santa F6; Smyth, I.e., 4, p. 15, 1927 

 Santa Elena, Entre Rios, and Cacharl, Buenos Aires (eggs descr.) ; Pereyra, 

 l.c., 4, p. 25, 1927 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Jaffuel and Pirion, Rev. Chil. 

 Hist. Nat., 31, p. 103, 1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; 

 Bullock, l.c., 33, p. 195, 1929 Angol, Chile (nesting); Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 266, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, 

 p. 271, 1932 Chile (Ramadilla, Copiap6 Valley, Atacama; Curico; Mafil, 

 Valdivia; Desagiie, Llanquihue); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. 

 La Plata, 1, p. 454, 1936 (range in Argentina, bibliog.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 22, p. 81, 1938 Brazil (Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul) and 

 Argentina (Chubut). 



Circus campestris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 4, p. 455, Dec. 14, 

 1816 based on "Gavilan del campo pardo," Azara, No. 33, Paraguay 

 and Rio de la Plata (descr. of young). 



Falco frenatus (Illiger MS.) Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berl. Mus., p. 62, 

 Sept., 1823 based on Azara, No. 33. 



Falco histrionicus Quoy and Gaimard, in Freycinet, Voy. Uranie et Physic., 

 Zool., livr. 3, pp. 93, 94, pis. 15 (adult), 16 (young), Aug., 1824 Falkland 

 Islands (type in Paris Museum). 



Circus histrionicus King, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 425 (note), 1827 Port Famine, 

 Straits of Magellan; Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, p. 616, 1830 Falk- 

 land Islands; Bibra, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 5, 

 p. 128, 1853 near Santiago de Chile; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1873, p. 186 Cosnipata, Cuzco, Peru; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, 

 p. 553 Lake Junin, Peru. 



Circus poliopterus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 266, 1844 Peru (descr. 

 of adult male; type in Neuchatel Museum) ; idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., 

 p. 113, pi. 3, 1846 Peru (type, adult male, stated to be from Hacienda 

 Pacchapata in the wooded region); Pelzeln, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, 

 p. 13, 1865 Chile (crit.; spec, in Vienna Museum examined); Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 Chile (ex Pelzeln); idem and 

 Salvin, I.e., p. 988 Arequipa, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 Arequipa. 




224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Spiziacircus histrionicus Sousa, Cat. Coll. Orn. Mus. Lisboa, Psittaci and 



Accipit., p. 52, 1869 Santa Catharina. 

 Circus maculosus (not Aquila maculosa Vieillot) Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, 



p. 221 Pedregal and Corazon, Ecuador. 



Range. South America from Colombia west of the eastern Andes 1 

 and western Ecuador south through Peru (various records from the 

 Junin and Cuzco regions as well as from Arequipa), eastern Bolivia, 

 Chile, and Argentina to the Straits of Magellan; extending in the 

 east north to Paraguay, Entre Rios, Uruguay, and extreme southern 

 Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catharina) ; Falkland Islands. 2 



Field Museum Collection. 13: Colombia (Cumbal, Narino, 1); 

 Ecuador (Montes del Paramba, 2; Cerro Mojanda, Pichincha, 1; 

 Mount Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, 1; Cienaga del Chimborazo, 1; Cerro 

 Cayambe, Pichincha, 1); Chile (Ramadillo, Atacama, 1; Cordillera 

 de Curico, Atacama, 1; Lautaro, Cautin, 1; Mafil, Valdivia, 1; Rio 

 Ciaike, Magallanes, 2). 



*Circus brasiliensis (Gmelin). LONG-WINGED HARRIER. 



Falco brasiliensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 262, 1788 based on "Caracara" 

 Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Bras., p. 211, northeastern Brazil =Pernambuco 

 (cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 97, note 79, 1926); Schneider, 

 Journ. Orn., 86, pp. 94, 95, 1938 (crit.). s 



Falco buffoni Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 277, 1788 based on "Cayenne 

 Ringtail" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 91, Cayenne (type in coll. 

 of Miss Blomefield); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 

 (3), 23, p. 54, 1945 Bolivia (Bresta and Orion, El Beni). 



Aquila maculosa Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 28, pi. 3 bis, Dec. 1, 

 1807 'TAme'rique septentrionale," errore (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot). 



Circus albicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 4, p. 456, Dec. 14, 

 1816 based on "Gavilan de estero chorreado" Azara, No. 12, Paraguay 

 (descr. of young). 



Circus macropterus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 4, p. 458, 

 Dec. 14, 1816 based on "Gavilan del campo alilargo," Azara, No. 31, 

 Paraguay and La Plata (descr. of adult male); Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 103 



1 The British Museum has an immature male, which was collected by H. E. 

 Bowie on November 7, 1914, in the Bogota region, and which is undoubtedly 

 referable to the South American Marsh Hawk. C. cinereus had already been 

 recorded by Chapman from Anolaima. These are the only two published instances 

 of its occurrence in Colombia, except for the specimen recorded above. 



2 According to J. E. Hamilton (in litt.), very nearly extinct on the Falkland 

 Islands. 



3 Marcgrave's drawing reproduced in Schneider's paper does not look very 

 much like any of the plumages of the present species, but I am assured by Dr. 

 Stresemann that there is no possible doubt about its identification with the Long- 

 winged Harrier. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 225 



(descr. of male and young female; crit.); Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Astr. 

 Exp., 2, p. 175, 1855 Chile; Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 21, p. 14, 1855 

 Chile; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Circi, p. 8, 1862 part, spec. 1, Brazil; 

 Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 49, 1866 Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, 

 p. 8, 1867 Sao Paulo (Tamandatahy, Irisanga), Goyaz (Araguay), 

 Matto Grosso (Cuyaba), and Amazonia (Villa de Tapajoz [=Santar6m]); 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 Chile; Philippi, Anal. 

 Univ. Chile, 31, p. 246, 1868 Chile (central provinces) ; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 143 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; iidem, 

 I.e., 1869, p. 252 plain of Valencia, Venezuela; Salvin, Ibis, 1875, p. 372 

 Mas Afuera; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 558, 1877 Cauquenes, 

 Colchagua, Chile; Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., 

 p. 50, 1881 pampa south to the Rio Colorado; Stempelmann and Schulz, 

 Bol. Acad. Nac. C6rdoba, 10, p. 396, 1887 C6rdoba; Sclater and Hudson, 

 Arg. Orn., 2, p. 58, 1889 Argentina; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 194 Uruguay; 

 Holland, Ibis, 1895, p. 216 Santa Elena; idem, Ibis, 1897, p. 168 

 Santa Elena, Buenos Aires (nest and eggs descr.); Albert, Anal. Univ. 

 Chile, 108, p. 251, 1901 Chile (monog.); Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. 

 Santiago, 15, p. 5, 1902 Chile; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 506 Cape San 

 Antonio, Buenos Aires; Lataste, Extr. Proc. Verb. S6a. Soc. Linn. Bor- 

 deaux, 1923, p. 167 Penaflor, Santiago, Chile. 



Circus leucophrys Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 4, p. 464, Dec. 14, 

 1816 "dans 1'Inde," errore (type in Paris Museum); Pucheran, Rev. 

 Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 82, 1850 (crit.). 



Falco palustris Wied, Reise Bras., 1, p. 110, 1820 near Battuba, Rio de 

 Janeiro (descr. of young male; type in coll. of Prince Wied, now in the 

 American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 2, p. 266, 1889); Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 4, 1 

 pi. 22 (=adult male), Nov., 1820 Br&ul; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 

 3, (1), p. 224, 1830 Rio de Janeiro (lagoons near Sagoarema, Marica, 

 and Araruama; Lagoa Feia, Rio Itabapuana). 



Circus superciliosus Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 87, pi. 3, fig. 1 (= adult 

 male), May, 1830 Brazil; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), 

 p. 116, 1855 Brazil; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 634 near 

 Buenos Aires. 



Buteo macropterus d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>fd., Ois., p. 112, 1836 confines 

 of Paraguay, Buenos Aires, and Bolivia (Chiquitos). 



Circus megaspilus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 10, Oct., 1837 no 

 locality stated (type, from Maldonado, Uruguay, in the British Museum 

 examined; descr. of young); Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 29, 1839 

 Maldonado; Gray, Gen. Bds., 1, p. [32], pi. 11 (=young), 1845; Pelzeln, 

 Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 14, 1865 Chile (spec, in Vienna Museum 

 examined). 



Circus maculosus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 62, 1874 (monog.); 

 Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 30, 1884 pampas of Buenos Aires and Concepci6n 



1 According to Temminck the wrapper of livr. 4 (published in Nov., 1820) 

 bore Falco gularis, but that term was suppressed when he discovered Wied's 

 earlier name. The letterpress to pi. 22 evidently was not issued until April, 1822, 

 when the text to the preceding twenty parts was supplied, together with livr. 21. 




226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



del Uruguay, Entre Rfos; Quelch, Timehri, (2), 6, p. 145, 1892 British 

 Guiana (Abary River, Mahaicony and Hoobaboo Creeks, etc.); Ihering, 

 Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Rio Grande do Sul; idem, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 345, 1899 Sao Paulo; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. 

 Buenos Aires, 8, p. 202, 1902 Rio Salf, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. 

 Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 61, 1905 Rio Salf; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 85, 

 1907 Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco) and Buenos Aires; Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 241, 1910 (range in Argentina); 

 Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 330 Luiconia (Ajo), Buenos Aires, and Alto Para- 

 guay, Bolivia; idem, Ibis, 1912, p. 277 Argentina (plumages); Bertoni, 

 Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Paraguay; Hussey, Auk, 33, p. 389, 1916 

 La Plata; Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 20, 1916 San Rafael, Mendoza; 

 Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, p. 92, 1920 Chaco. 



Circus buffoni Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 290, 1908 Cayenne (nomencl.); 

 Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 194, 1913 La Pedrita, Rio 

 Uracoa, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 125, 1914 Sao 

 Natal, Marajo, Brazil; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. 

 Patag., 2, Orn., p. 602, 1915 (descr.; synon.); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 

 1, p. 218, 1916 Abary River; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, 

 p. 344, 1916 La Pedrita, Orinoco Delta (ex Stone); Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 14, 1919 (range); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 

 Flores, Uruguay; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 23, 1921 (range); Daguerre, 

 El Hornero, 2, p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos Aires; Serie and Smyth, 

 l.c., 3, p. 54, 1923 Santa Elena, "Entre Rios" = Buenos Aires (ex Holland); 

 Pereyra, I.e., p. 164, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Marelli, Mem. Min. 

 Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 628, 1924 Rosas, Buenos Aires; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 136, 1925 (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 133, p. 108, 1926 Las Palmas, Chaco and Riacho Pilaga, Formosa 

 (plumages); Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 6 Abary Savanna, British Guiana; 

 Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 104, 1930 Matto Grosso; 

 Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 108, 1930 

 Lapango and San Jos6, Formosa; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 266, 1931 

 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 272, 1932 

 central provinces of Chile (Santiago and Colchagua); Roberts, Trop. 

 Agric., 11, p. 89, 1934 Caroni Swamp, Trinidad; Belcher and Smooker, 

 Ibis, 1934, p. 593 Caroni Marshes, Trinidad (breeding!); Steullet and 

 Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 457, 1936 (bibliog.; range in 

 Argentina); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 82, 1938 Sao Paulo (Iguape), 

 Rio Grande do Sul (Itaquy), and Buenos Aires. 



Circus maculosa Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Barracas 

 al Sud, Buenos Aires. 



Range. Argentina south to the Rio Colorado; 1 eastern Bolivia 

 (Chiquitos); Paraguay; Uruguay; central Chile (provinces of San- 

 tiago and Colchagua; one record from Mas Afuera); southern 

 Brazil, from Rio Grande do Sul, north to Rio de Janeiro and Matto 



1 There is absolutely no foundation for the statement by certain authors 

 (Sharpe, Swann, and others) that the range of this Harrier extends to the Straits 

 of Magellan, the most southerly substantiated locality being the Rio Colorado, 

 recorded by Doering. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 227 



Grosso. Also recorded from scattered localities in northern Brazil 

 (Sao Natal, Marajo; Santare'm, Rio Tapajoz), French Guiana 

 (Cayenne), British Guiana (Abary River region; Buxton), Venezuela 

 (Zulia; La Pedrita, Orinoco Delta; plains of Valencia, Carabobo), 

 and from the Island of Trinidad. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 9: Venezuela (Encon trades, Zulia, 2; 

 Rio Catatumbo, Zulia, 1); British Guiana (Buxton, 3); Brazil 

 (Vaccaria, Matto Grosso, 1) ; Paraguay (170-195 km. west of Puerto 

 Casado, 2). 



Genus GERANOSPIZA Kaup 2 



Ischnosceles (not Ischnoscelis Burmeister, 1842) Strickland, Ann. Mag. Nat. 

 Hist., 13, p. 409, June, 1844 type, by orig. desig.,^*aico gracilis Temminck. 



Geranospiza Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 143 new name for Ischnosceles Strickland, 

 preoccupied. 



Geranopus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 65 new name for Ischnosceles Strick- 

 land, preoccupied. 



Geranospizias Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., p. 107, 1873 new name 

 for Geranospiza Kaup. 



Geranospiza caerulescens livens Bangs and Penard. 3 NORTHERN 

 CRANE HAWK. 



1 The center of its breeding range is apparently in northern Argentina. Its 

 nest and eggs have been taken by Holland at Santa Elena (near Media Luna), 

 in the northwestern corner of Buenos Aires Province, his series being now in the 

 British Museum. The bird may be expected to breed in the adjoining parts of 

 Paraguay and possibly Bolivia, although it should be noted that Barrows lists 

 it only as a migratory (winter) visitor for Concepci6n del Uruguay in Entre Rfos. 

 No evidence exists for its breeding in Chile, where it is stated to be rather rare, 

 and its occurrence on the Island of Mas Afuera certainly is but accidental. The 

 scattered records from northern Brazil, Guiana, and Venezuela probably indicate 

 the northern limits of its northward migration after the breeding period. 



The eggs taken by Belcher and Smooker in Trinidad and ascribed to this 

 Harrier are more likely to belong to some other species. C. B. Grant (Ibis, 1912, 

 p. 277) has described the puzzling plumages. 



Additional material examined. Chile: Mas Afuera, 1; central Chile, 1. 

 Argentina: Monteil Island, Rio Parana, 1; Aj6, Buenos Aires, 15; Conchitas, 

 Buenos Aires, 1; Santa Elena (near Media Luna), Buenos Aires, 1. Paraguay: 

 Villa Rica, 4. Uruguay: Montevideo, 1; Maldonado, 1. Brazil: Lagpa dos Patos, 

 Rio Grande do Sul, 1; Irisanga, Sao Paulo, 1; Maraj6 Island, 1. British Guiana: 

 Abary River, 3; Annai (March, May), 2; Demerara, 2; unspecified, 1. French 

 Guiana: Cayenne, 1. Venezuela: Plain of Valencia, Carabobo, 1. 



2 The name of this genus may have to be changed, since Ischnosceles Strick- 

 land does not seem to be invalidated by the earlier Ischnoscelis Burmeister under 

 the International Rules of Nomenclature. 



3 Geranospiza caerulescens livens Bangs and Penard: Similar to G. c. niger 

 and about the same size, but much paler, not blackish, between neutral gray and 




228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Geranospiza caerukscens livens Bangs and Penard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 



34, p. 89, June 30, 1921 Alamos, Sonora, Mexico (type in Museum of 



Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). 

 Geranospiza nigra livens Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 157, 1925 Alamos; 



Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 268, 1931 Alamos; van Rossem, Bull. Mus. 



Comp. Zool., 77, p. 430, 1934 Alamos; idem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. 



Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 60, 1945 Sonora (resident in extreme south). 



Range. Northwestern Mexico, in State of Sonora (known only 

 from a breeding pair from Alamos). 



*Geranospiza caerulescens nigra (Du Bus). BLACKISH CRANE 

 HAWK. 



Ischnosceles niger Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Lettr., et Beaux Arts, Belg., 

 14, (2), p. 102, 1847 Mexico (type in Brussels Museum); idem, Esq. 

 Orn., livr. 4, pi. 16, 1848 Mexico; Salvin, Ibis, 1870, p. 216 Mina de 

 Chorcha, Chiriquf, Panama. 



Geranospiza gracilis (not Falco gracilis Temminck) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 24, p. 285, 1856 C6rdoba, Vera Cruz. 



Geranospiza(ias) caerulescens (not Sparvius caerulescens Vieillot) Sclater and 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 218 Guatemala; iidem, I.e., 1860, p. 44 Duenas, 

 Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 289, 1861 

 Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1890, p. 204 Shkolak, Yucatan. 



Geranospiza nigra Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 838 

 [San Pedro], Honduras; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 39, 1876 

 Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 18, p. 628, 1896 Alta Mira, Tamaulipas; Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 87, p. 186, 1939 (considered distinct species having two races, 

 livens and balzarensis; dist. chars.). 



Geranospiza caerulescens var. niger Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, 

 p. 85, 1873 Mazatlan and Tehuantepec (crit.). 



Geranospiza gracilis var. niger Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 299, 

 1874 Mazatlan, Sinaloa. 



Geranospizias niger (ra) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 82, 1874 Mexico 

 to Panama; Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 233 (crit.); Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 

 5, p. 235, 1881 Cacoprieto, Oaxaca, and Tonala, Chiapas; Zeledon, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 127, 1887 Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa 

 Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 375 Meco Island, Yucatan; idem, Ibis, 

 1890, p. 89 Meco Island; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 

 3, p. 52, 1899 Mexico (Mazatlan; Presidio de Mazatlan; Tecolapa, 

 Colima; C6rdoba; Santa Efigenia and Cacoprieto, Oaxaca; Tonala, 

 Chiapas; Buctzotz, Peto, Shkolak, and Meco Island, Yucatan), British 

 Honduras (Orange Walk), Guatemala (Duenas, Savanna Grande, Es- 



deep neutral gray; larger than G. c. caerulescens and darker, being intermediate 

 between the nominate race and G. c. nigra. Wing, 334, (female) 349; tail, 233, 

 (female) 242; tarsus, 91, (female) 97; culmen from cere, 22. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 229 



cuintla), Honduras (San Pedro), Nicaragua (Chinandega, Ocotal), Costa 

 Rica (Pozo Azul de Pirrfs), and Panama (Mina de Chorcha, Lion Hill); 

 Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 358, 1901 Divala, Chiriquf; idem, Auk, 24, p. 290, 

 1907 El Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 6, p. 453, 1910 Bolson, Tenorio, Guanacaste, and Bebede>o, Costa 

 Rica; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Cafion Guiaves, Tamaulipas; 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 8, 1919 Sipurio, Talamanca, Costa 

 Rica. 



Geranospizias caerulescens niger Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 17, 1919 Mexico 

 to Panama; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 28, 1921 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 64, p. 151, 1932 Guatemala. 



Geranospiza niger niger Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 156, 1925 (monog.). 



Geranospiza nigra nigra Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 268, 1931 (range); Griscom, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 301, 1935 to the Canal Zone, Panama. 



Range. Tropical zone of Mexico, from Tamaulipas and Sinaloa 

 southward through Central America to the Canal Zone, Panama. 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Mexico (El Bonito, San Luis Potosi, 

 1); El Salvador (San Sebastian, La Paz, 1; Rio San Miguel, San 

 Miguel, 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega, 1). 



*Geranospiza caerulescens balzarensis W. L. Sclater. 1 ECUA- 

 DORIAN CRANE HAWK. 



Geranospiza niger balzarensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, p. 45, 

 March 4, 1918 Balzar, Prov. Guayas, Ecuador (type in the British 

 Museum examined); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 157, 1925 western 

 Ecuador (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 268, 1931 eastern Panama 

 to western Ecuador; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 301, 1935 

 extreme eastern Panama. 



Geranospiza caerulescens (not Sparvius caerulescens Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 288, 1860 Babahoyo, Ecuador; Taczanowski, 

 I.e., 1877, p. 329 Lechugal, Rio Zurumilla, Dept. Tumbez, Peru; idem, 

 Orn. P6r., 1, p. 168, 1884 Lechugal. 



Geranospizias caerulescens Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 81, 1874 part, 

 spec, a, Puna Island; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, 

 No. 368, p. 29, 1900 Vinces and Rio Peripa, Ecuador; Chubb, Ibis, 

 1919, p. 280 Marropon, Dept. Piura, Peru. 



Geranospizias caerulescens balzarensis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 27, 1921 

 Ecuador and Peru (chars.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, 

 p. 223, 1926 Daule and Puna Island, Ecuador; Griscom, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 72, p. 316, 1932 Perm6, Darien. 



1 Geranospiza caerulescens balzarensis W. L. Sclater differs from G. c. nigra 

 by its lighter, dusky slate to bluish slate instead of blackish coloration. It is 

 truly intermediate to G. c. caerulescens, which is, however, still lighter and more 

 plumbeous in tone. 



Additional material examined. Ecuador: Balzar, 2; Pund Island, 1 ; unspecified, 

 1. 




230 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Range, Tropical zone of extreme eastern Panama (Rio Tuyra 

 and Perms', Darien) through Pacific Colombia and Ecuador to 

 northwestern Peru (Rio Zurumilla, Dept. Tumbez; Marropon, Dept. 

 Piura). 



Field Museum Collection. 3 : Colombia (Rio Jurado, Choco, 1) ; 

 Ecuador (Arenillas, El Oro, 2). 1 



*Geranospiza caerulescens caerulescens (Vieillot). GRAY CRANE 

 HAWK. 



Sparvius caerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 10, p. 318, 

 1817 TAmerique me"ridionale" ; 2 idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, 

 p. 1262, 1823 same locality (type stated to be in Paris Museum; cf. 

 Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 90, 1850). 



Falco hemidactylus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 1, pi. 3, Aug., 1820 

 Brazil (type in collection of Laugier de Chartrouse, present location un- 

 known). 



Ischnosceles gracilis (not Falco gracilis Temminck) Cabanis, in Schomburgk, 

 Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 737, 1849 British Guiana. 



Nisus hemidactylus Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 53, 1862 part, spec. 

 1, 2, Guiana and Surinam. 



Geranopus hemidactylus Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1868 Barra do Rio 

 Negro [=Manaos], Marabitanas (Rio Negro), Rio Takutu, Forte do Rio 

 Branco, and Serra Arimani (Rio Branco), Brazil. 



Geranospiza caerulescens var. caerulescens Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 16, p. 84, 1873 (crit.; excl. of Pun Island). 



Geranospizias caerulescens Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 81, 1874 

 part, Guiana and Amazonia (descr. of "type of F. hemidactylus Temm."); 3 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 233 (crit.); idem, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 25, 

 1884 (crit.); (?)Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 SantarSm; 

 Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 Bonda, Colombia; 

 Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 Altagracia and Capu- 

 chin, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; Me'ne'gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, 

 p. 108, 1904 St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Berlepsch, Nov. 

 Zool., 15, p. 290, 1908 French Guiana (Cayenne, St. Georges d'Oyapock); 

 Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 194, 1913 Manimo River, 

 Venezuela; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 345, 1916 

 Altagracia, Capuchin, and Caicara, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; Bangs and 

 Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 35, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, 

 Surinam; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 224, 1926 Takutu Mountains. 



1 While the Colombian specimen, an adult, is darker than two from British 

 Guiana, the Ecuadorian examples, both immature, have the upper parts as in 

 the Guiana birds. All three west coast specimens, however, are larger. B.C. 



2 Cayenne designated as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert (Nov. Zool., 

 9, p. 114, 1902). 



3 Sharpe evidently took for "the type" spec. No. 1 ("male, Guyane, acquis 

 en 1858") in the Leiden Museum. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 231 



Geranospizias gracilis Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 76 British Guiana (ex Cabanis). 



Geranospiza caerulescens(1) Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 127, 1914 

 part, Marajo (Teso Arary) and Cussary, Brazil; Todd and Carriker, 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 147, 1922 Bonda, Mamatoco, Guiraca, and 

 Fundaci6n, Santa Marta, Colombia; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 154, 

 pi. [10], upper fig., 1925 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 268, 1931 

 (range); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 186, 1939 El Sombrero, 

 Venezuela (considered distinct species; dist. chars.); Dugand, Rev. Acad. 

 Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 398, pi. 5, fig. 28, 1941. 



Geranospizias caerulescens caerulescens Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 17, 1919 

 part, Venezuela, Guiana, and Colombia (chars.; hab.); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 27, 1921 (chars.; range); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 223, 

 1926 Rio Napo, Ecuador. 



Geranospiza caerulescens caerulescens Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 178, 1921 

 (range); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 28, 

 1945 Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, Brazil (disc.). 



Range. Eastern Colombia (Santa Marta region); Venezuela, 

 the Guianas, Brazil south to the Amazon Valley, and eastern Ecuador 

 (Rio Napo). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 15: Venezuela (Catatumbo, Zulia, 1); 

 British Guiana (Buxton, 2) ; Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Canutama, 

 Rio Purus, 1; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 5; Lago do Baptista, Ama- 

 zonas, 2; Obidos, Para, 1; Boca Ituqui, Para, 2). 



*Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis (Temminck). BANDED CRANE 

 HAWK. 



Falco gracilis Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 16, pi. 91, Nov., 1821 

 "les parties orientales du Bre"sil" 2 (type in the Leyden Museum). 



Falco hemidactylus (not of Temminck) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), 



p. 97, 1830 eastern Brazil. 

 Nisus hemidactylus Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 53, 1862 part, 



spec. 3, Brazil (type of F. gracilis Temm.). 



Geranospiza gracilis Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, pp. 83, 84, 1873 

 Brazil, in part (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 158, pi. [10], lower 



1 Birds from Manaos and the Rio Negro are thoroughly typical, and agree 

 with others from Guiana, as does also a single adult of native "Bogota" preparation. 



Additional material examined. French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. Surinam: 

 Rijweg, near Paramaribo, 1; Kwata, 1; unspecified, 1. Venezuela: Maturin, 1; 

 plain of Valencia, 1; Altagracia, Orinoco, 1; Capuchin, Orinoco, 1. Colombia: 

 "Bogota," 2. Brazil: Rio Takutu, 1; Serra Arimani, Rio Branco, 1; Forte do 

 Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 1; Manaos, 1; Marabitanas, Rio Negro, 2. 



2 The type appears to have been collected by Georg Wilhelm Freyreiss (mis- 

 spelled "Treyreis" by Temminck), who worked chiefly in the vicinity of Colonia 

 Leopoldina, near Caravellas, southern Bahia (cf. Freyreiss, Beitrage zur naheren 

 Kenntnis des Kaiserthums Brasilien, 1, Frankfurt am Main, 1824), which we 

 may, therefore, accept as type locality. 




232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



fig., 1925 part, eastern Brazil; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 268, 1931 

 part, eastern Brazil. 



Geranospizias gracilis Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 25, 1884 (in part); 

 Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 89, 1910 

 Bahia (Fazenda da Serra and Fazenda do Estreito, Rio Grande; Fazenda 

 Ingazeira, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Parnagua); idem, I.e., p. 202, 1925 

 same localities. 



Geranospiza caerulescens (not Sparvius caerulescens Vieillot) Snethlage, Bol. 

 Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 127, 1914 part, Maranhao. 



Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 178, 1921 

 part, Maranhao, Ceara, and Piauhy; idem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 12, p. 457, 1929 Parnagua, Piauhy (crit.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul, 

 19, p. 99, 1935 Cachoeira Grande, Rio Jucurucu, Bahia. 



Geranospiza gracilis Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 186, 1939 (has 

 two races, gracilis and flexipes). 



Range. Northeastern Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and Ceara 

 south to central Goyaz and Bahia. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Brazil (Parnagua, Piauhy, 1; Nova 

 Roma, Goyaz, 1). 



*Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes Peters. 2 SOUTHERN BANDED 

 CRANE HAWK. 



Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 48, p. 72, 

 May 3, 1935 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina (type in Museum of Com- 

 parative Zoology, Cambridge) ; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La 

 Plata, 1, p. 459, 1936 Oran, Salta; Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 95, p. 178, 1943 Rio Lipeo, Bolivia. 



Nisus hemidactylus (not Falco hemidactylus Temminck) d'Orbigny, Voy. 

 Ame'r. M6rid., Ois., p. 86, 1835 Corrientes, Argentina, and Chiquitos, 

 Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 

 p. 4, 1837 same localities. 



Nisus gracilis (not Falco gracilis Temminck) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. 

 Bras., 2, p. 77, 1855 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; idem, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 633 "vicinity of Buenos Aires." 



1 Possibly the birds recorded as G. caerulescens from Santarem and the Island 

 of Marajo are referable to the present form, although those from the Rio Purus 

 are typical caerulescens. 



Additional material examined. Maranhao: Miritiba, 1. Ceara: unspecified, 

 1. Piauhy: Parnagua, 1. Bahia: Fazenda da Serra, Rio Grande, 1; Fazenda 

 Ingazeira, Rio Preto, 1; Lamarao, 2. 



2 Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes Peters: Similar to G. c. gracilis in pale gray 

 coloration, white banded under parts, and deep buff under tail coverts, but 

 decidedly larger. Wing, 300-308, (female) 320-360 mm. 



Additional material examined. Bolivia: Santa Cruz, 2. Brazil: Panseccp, 

 Matto Grosso, 1; Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, 1; Descalvados, Matto Grosso, 1; Rio 

 Araguay, Goyaz, 2; Sabauna, Sao Paulo, 1. Argentina: Corrientes, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 233 



Geranopus gracilis Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1867 Goyaz (Rio Araguay) 

 and Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Barra do Jauru, Pansecco). 



Geranospiza gracilis Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, 

 p. 69 Lapa Vermelha, near Lagda Santa, Minas Geraes; Ridgway, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, pp. 83, 84, 1873 Paraguay and Brazil (crit.); 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 158, 1925 part, southern Brazil, Bolivia, 

 Paraguay, and Argentina; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 107, 

 1926 west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 268, 

 1931 part, southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. 



Geranospiza(ias) caerulescens (not Sparvius caerulescens Vieillot) Lee, Ibis, 

 1873, p. 135 Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rfos; Sharpe, Cat. 

 Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 81, 1874 part "Buenos Aires" and Bolivia; White, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 623 Campo Colorado, Oran, Salta; 

 Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 67, 1889 Salta and upper Uruguay, 

 Misiones; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143 lower Pilcomayo; Allen, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Ann. 

 Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Barra do Rio Camaquam, Rio 

 Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 347, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, 

 I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Lonnberg, Ibis, 

 1903, p. 465 Tatarenda, Bolivian Chaco; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 

 1, p. 86, 1907 Sao Paulo, Espirito Santo, and Salta; Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 242, 1910 (range in Argentina); Grant, 

 Ibis, 1911, p. 332 Riacho Ancho, Chaco; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 

 1914 Paraguay; Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, p. 93, 1920 Chaco Argen- 

 tine. 



Geranospizias gracilis Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 30, 

 1897 Caiza, Bolivian Chaco; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 

 p. 203, 1902 Burru-yaco (La Ramada) and Graneros, Tucuman; Bruch, 

 Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. 

 Cienc. Soc., 13, No. 3, p. 61, 1905 Burru-yaco and Graneros, Tucuman; 

 Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 28, 1921 Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. 



Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 87, 1907 

 Minas Geraes, Brazil, and Paraguay; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 177, 

 1921 Corrientes and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (crit.; hab. in part); 

 Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 La Rioja; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 60, p. 105, 1930 Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay, and Matto 

 Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 99, 

 1930 Lapango, Formosa, and La Crecencia (Santa Cruz), Bolivia; 

 Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 373, 1934 

 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 50, 1936 

 Rio das Almas (Jaragua), Goyaz. 



Geranospizias caerulescens gracilis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 17, 1919 

 Brazil and Paraguay. 



Range. Southern Brazil, from Minas Geraes, southern Goyaz, 

 and Matto Grosso south to Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Bolivia; 

 Paraguay; northern Argentina south to La Rioja, Santa Fe\ and 

 Corrientes. 




234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 11: Paraguay (195-265 km. west of 

 Puerto Casado, 9; 30 km. west of Puerto Casado, 1; Puerto Casado, 



1). 



Family PANDIONIDAE. 1 Ospreys 

 Genus PANDION Savigny 



Pandion Savigny, Descr. de 1'Egypte, Hist. Nat., 1, pp. 69, 95, 1809 type, 

 by monotypy, Pandion fluvialis Savigny=Falco haliaetus Linnaeus. 



Balbusardus Fleming, Hist. Brit. Anim., p. 51, 1828 substitute name for 

 Pandion Savigny. 



*Pandion haliaetus carolinensis Gmelin. OSPREY. 



Falco Haliaetos 7. carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 263, 1788 based 

 on "Falco piscator Antillarum" Brisson, Orn. (Lugd. Bat.), 1, p. 105 

 (ex "Pecheur" Du Tertre) and "Fishing piscator Caroliniensis" Brisson, 

 I.e., p. 105 (ex "Fishing Hawk" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 2, 

 pi. 2), South Carolina (ex Catesby) accepted as type locality. 



Falco Haliaetos 8. cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 263, 1788 based 

 on "Cayenne Osprey" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 263, Cayenne 

 (type in coll. of Miss Blomefield). 2 



Falco haliaetus (not of Linnaeus) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 73, 

 1830 Rio Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil. 



Pandion haliaetus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 57, 1855 

 Brazil; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 79 near Port of Spain, Trinidad; Pelzeln, 

 Orn. Bras., 1, p. 4, 1867 Matto Grosso (Caicara, Oct.) and Amazonia 

 (Rio Takutu, March; Barra do Rio Negro, 3 Sept.), Brazil; Sharpe, Cat. 

 Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 449, 1874 part, North and South America; Tacza- 

 nowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 745 Santa Lucia, Tumbez, Peru; 

 idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 127, 1884 Peru (Huacho, Lima; Tumbez); Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 39, 1897 part, North and 

 Central America (excepting Cays off British Honduras); Philippi, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 4, 1902 Paine, O'Higgins, Chile; Snethlage, Bol. 

 Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 142, 1914 Fazenda Peso Sao Jose", Marajo, Brazil; 

 Gifford, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 2, p. 193, 1919 Albemarle and 

 Chatham Islands, Galapagos; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., 

 Bogota, 4, p. 397, pi. 1, fig. 8, pi. 6, fig. 33, 1941 Colombia. 



Pandion carolinensis LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 15, 1866 Trinidad; Chubb, 

 Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 281, 1916 Barima, Abary, and Waimi rivers. 



1 About relationship, cf. Compton (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 42, pp. 173-212, 

 1938), who regards the Osprey as constituting a separate family within the sub- 

 order Cathartae. 



2 Falco americanus (not of Boddaert, 1783) Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 257, 

 1788), based on "Black-chested Eagle" Pennant (Brit. Zool., 2, p. 196 "North 

 America"), can hardly refer to the Osprey, this bird being described as about the 

 size of the Golden Eagle and having the head and breast deep ash-color and the 

 belly black. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 235 



Pandion haliaetus var. carolinensis Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Amer. Bds., 3, p. 184, 1874 (monog.); Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 4, p. 38, 1876 Tehuantepec (Chihuitan) and Ventosa Bay, Oaxaca, 

 Mexico; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 both coasts of Mexico. 



Pandion haliaetus carolinensis Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 28, 1887 

 Lambare, Paraguay; Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 14, p. 39, 1899 Tres 

 Marias Islands, off Mexico; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 115, 

 1902 Caicara, Orinoco, Venezuela; Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, 

 p. 243, 1905 St. Vincent, Grenadines and Grenada (visitor); Ihering, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 100, 1907 (range); Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 290, 1907 

 Barranca de Puntarenas, Costa Rica (Aug. 12); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 

 p. 294, 1908 Cayenne (no definite record); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 6, p. 472, 1910 same locality; Ingram, Zoologist, 1913, p. 254 Gulf of 

 Paria, Trinidad; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 44, 1914 Asuncion, Paraguay; 

 Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 348, 1916 Caicara, Orinoco, 

 Venezuela (March 10); Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 3, p. 91, 1917 Rio 

 Gastona, Concepcion, Tucuman; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 163, 1920 

 (range); idem, Auk, 38, p. 364, 1921 Culata (Mar. 14) and Montanas 

 Sierra (Oct. 24), Merida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 232, 1922 

 (range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 164, 1922 

 Bonda, Colombia (Oct. 17, 1899); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, 

 p. 51, 1923 Cuba, in part (visitor); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 55, p. 243, 1926 Chone, Ecuador (December) and Reloncavi Fjord, east 

 of Puerto Montt, Llanquihue, Chile (Jan., 1924); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. 

 Pub. Zool., 32, p. 113, 1929 Lower California; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 60, p. 114, 1930 Matto Grosso; Swarth, Occ. Pap., Calif. 

 Acad. Sci., 18, p. 52, 1931 Cocos Island (Sept. 7) and South Albemarle 

 (Nov. 2), Galapagos Islands; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 275, 1931 (range); 

 Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 165, 1932 Guatemala; Hellmayr, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 291, 1932 Chile (Paine); Belcher 

 and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 593 Trinidad and Tobago (winter visitor, 

 Dec. to April); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 460, 

 1936 Tucuman, Argentina; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 352, 

 1937 (life hist.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 23, p. 549, 1938 Manacapuru, 

 Amazonas (Sept.), and Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; idem, I.e., 22, 

 p. 83, 1938 Manacapuru; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 130, 1938 El Salvador; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 2, p. 481, 1945 (monog.) ; van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana 

 State Univ., 21, p. 61, 1945 Sonora (distr.); Cooke, Bd. Banding, 16, 

 p. 106, 1945 Guapi, Cauca, Colombia (banded Gardiner Island, New 

 York). 



Range. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mac- 

 kenzie, southern Ungava and Newfoundland south to Lower Cali- 

 fornia, western Mexico and the Gulf coast of the United States; 

 winters from the southern United States through Mexico, Central 

 America and the West Indies to Chile (Paine, O'Higgins; east of 

 Puerto Montt, Llanquihue), Paraguay (Asuncion; Lambare), 




236 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



northern Argentina (Rio Gastona, Conception, Tucuman), and 

 Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 45: Alaska (Takotna, 1); British 

 Columbia (Okanagan, 2); California (San Clemente Island, 1); 

 Texas (Nueces County, 1; San Patricio County, 1); Labrador 

 (Kegaska, 2); Massachusetts (South Chatham, 1); Connecticut 

 (Guilford, 2; East Haven, 1; New Haven, 4; West Haven, 1; Stam- 

 ford, 1); New York (Shelter Island, 1); Florida (New River, 3; 

 Miami Beach, 1; Amelia Island, 1; Palm Beach County, 2; Enter- 

 prise, 3; East Pass, 3); Virgin Islands (St. Croix, 2); Mexico (San 

 Luis Island, Lower California, 1) ; Panama (Port Obaldia, Darien, 1) ; 

 Colombia (Popayan, Cauca, 1; Morelia, Caqueta, 1); Venezuela 

 (Encontrados, Zulia, 1) ; Brazil (Lago Baptista, Amazonas, 3; Obidos, 

 Para, 1); Peru (Yarinacocha, Rio Ucayali, 2). 



*Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi Maynard. 2 BAHAMAN OSPREY. 



Pandion Ridgweir (sic) Anonymous (=C. J. Maynard), Amer. Exch., Mart, 

 and Household Journ., 3, No. 3, p. 33, Jan. 15, 1887 Andros Island, 

 Bahamas (type in coll. of C. J. Maynard, subsequently in coll. of Gerrit S. 

 Miller, now in the British Museum, examined). 



Pandion ridgwayi Maynard, Amer. Exch., Mart, and Household Journ., 3, 

 No. 6, p. 69, Feb. 5, 1887 (name and description corrected). 



Pandion carolinensis (not Falco haliaetus y. carolinensis Gmelin) Bruant, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 105, 1859 Water Cay, Ragged Islands, Bahamas 

 (crit.; nest descr.); Salvin, Ibis, 1864, pp. 378, 385 Saddle Cay, Half 

 Moon Cay, and Tobacco Cay, off British Honduras; Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, 

 p. 297 Andros (crit.; plumages; nest). 



1 In addition to a large North American series, unequivocal specimens of 

 carolinensis have been examined from the following localities: Holbox Island, 

 Yucatan, 1 (Dec., 1885); Belize, British Honduras, 1 (Dec. 14); Ruatan Island, off 

 Honduras (no date); Acepam, Pacific coast of Guatemala, 2; Alvarado, Vera Cruz, 

 Mexico, 1 (Nov.); Rupununi River, British Guiana, 1 (Dec. 18, 1889); Barima 

 River, British Guiana, 2; Caicara, Matto Grosso, Brazil and Abary River (Nov.). 



2 Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi Maynard differs from P. h. carolinensis by the 

 reduction or even complete absence of the dusky streaks on crown, side of head, 

 and chest. The type and an adult male from Inagua show just a few tiny 

 specks of dusky in the middle of the forecrown and on the aurjculars, while the 

 breast is wholly unmarked. Another bird from Andros, however, has some crini- 

 form streaks on the chest; the forecrown is striped with dusky, though much more 

 narrowly so than in corolinensis and there is a series of dusky (white-edged) 

 streaks running from the auriculars down the sides of the neck, suggesting the 

 broad, solidly blackish brown band of the North American Osprey. Two young 

 birds, one from Andros, the other from Half Moon Cay, are much less streaked 

 on the crown than carolinensis and have merely a few dusky spots on the auriculars. 

 While ridgwayi seems to be a fairly well-marked race, it should be mentioned that 

 even North American specimens sometimes have the breast unspotted. 



Additional material examined. Bahama Islands: Andros, 3; Inagua, 1. 

 British Honduras: Half Moon Cay, 1 (British Museum). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 237 



Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi Allen, Auk, 22, p. 354, 1905 Long Island, Bahama 

 Islands; Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 362, 1905 New 

 Providence, Andros, Water Cay (Ragged Islands), Long Island, Acklin, 

 North Caicos, South Caicos, East Caicos and Great Inagua; Swann, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 232, 1922 Bahama Islands (crit.); Griscom, Amer. Mus. 

 Nov., 235, p. 13, 1926 Hicks Cay, off British Honduras (breeding; 

 crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 271, 1931 (range); Wetmore and Swales, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 117, 1931 near Cape Engano, Hispaniola; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 482, 1945 (monog.). 



Range. Resident in the Bahama Islands, on the Cays off 

 British Honduras (Saddle Cay, Half Moon Cay, Tobacco Cay, 

 Hicks Cay) and probably on the Cays of Cuba; 1 also recorded near 

 Cape Engano, Hispaniola (Feb. 17, 1928). 



Field Museum Collection. 6: British Honduras (Glover's Reef, 

 Middle Cay, 1; Half Moon Cay, 1); Bahama Islands (Bird Rock, 

 Acklin, 1; Caicos, 2; Mathewstown, Inagua, 1). 



Family FALCONIDAE. Falcons 

 Subfamily HERPETOTHERINAE. Laughing Hawks 



Genus HERPETOTHERES Vieillot 2 



Herpetotheres Vieillot, 3 Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 18, p. 317, Dec. 27, 



1817 type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., p. 3, 1840), Falco 



cachinnans Linnaeus. 

 Cachinna Fleming, Phil. Zool., 2, p. 236, 1822 type, by monotypy, Falco 



cachinnans Linnaeus. 

 Macagua Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 68, Feb., 1830 type, by tautonymy, 



"Macagua" Azara=^aico cachinnans Linnaeus. 



"Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linnaeus). LAUGHING 

 HAWK. 



Falco cachinnans Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 90, 1758 ex Rolander's 

 manuscript, "South America" = Surinam (as designated by Berlepsch, Nov. 

 Zool., 15, p. 290, 1908); Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 394, 

 1847 Pirara. 



1 There can be little doubt that the Ospreys found breeding on the Cays off 

 Cuba by Gundlach and recorded as P. carolinensis (Journ. Orn., 2, "1854," 

 Erinnerungss., p. Ixxx, 1855; in Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 222, 1865; Journ. 

 Orn., 19, p. 368, 1871) belonged to P. h. ridgwayi. 



2 About osteological characters and affinities, cf. Sushkin, Nouv. M6m. Soc. 

 Imp. Natur. Moscou, 16, livr. 4, pp. 207, 217, 1905. 



3 Physeta Vieillot (Anal. Nouv. Orn. E16m., p. 24, April, 1816) created for 

 Falco sufflator Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 90, 1758 ex Rolander MS., 

 Surinam), although sometimes referred here, seems to be unidentifiable. 




238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Herpetotheres cachin(ri)ans Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. eel., 18, 

 p. 317, 1817 Paraguay (ex Azara, No. 15) and Cayenne (descr.); idem 

 and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), p. 47, pi. 19, 1820 Cayenne; Cabanis, in 

 Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 738, 1849 British 

 Guiana; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 90, 1855 Brazil; 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 Bogota and Santa Marta, 

 Colombia; Sclater, I.e., 25, p. 201, 1857 Jalapa, Mexico; Moore, I.e., 

 27, p. 52, 1859 Omoa, Honduras; Sclater, I.e., pp. 368, 389, 1859 

 Jalapa, Vera Cruz, and Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1859, p. 215 Chimalapa and La Grande, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 289, 1861 Panama Railroad; Pelzeln, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 7, 1867 Boa Vista (Goyaz), Avuagu and Caicara (Matto 

 Grosso), Borba (Rio Madeira), Barra do Rio Negro, and Villa de Tapajoz 

 [=Santarem], Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 pp. 590, 753 Mexiana, Brazil, and Yurimaguas, Peru; Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 132, 1868 Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. 

 Orn., 17, p. 367, 1869 Costa Rica; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 1, p. 560, 1869 Vera Cruz (hot region); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 629 San EstSban, Carabobo, Venezuela; Salvin, 

 I.e., 1870, p. 214 Boquete de Chitra and Cal6bre, Veraguas; Sclater and 

 Salvin, I.e., p. 838 Honduras; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 302 Yurimaguas, 

 Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 278, 1874 (descr.); Lawrence, 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 300, 1874 Mazatlan, Sinaloa; idem, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 41, 1876 Tehuantepec and Tapana, Oaxaca; 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 137, 1876 (monog.); 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541 Cauca and 

 Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia; iidem, I.e., p. 638 Bolivia (d'Orbigny's 

 localities); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 353 Aguas Bellas, Pernambuco; Sumi- 

 chrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 both coasts of Mexico (up to 

 1,000 meters el.); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 145, 1884 part, Yuri- 

 maguas and Maranon Valley, Peru; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, 

 p. 389, 1884 Sucuya, Nicaragua; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 77 British 

 Guiana (ex Schomburgk); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 168, 

 1886 Chietla, Puebla, and Santa Ana, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Kerr, Ibis, 

 1892, pp. 142, 152 near Fortm Page, lower Pilcomayo; Richmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 521, 1893 Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 8, p. 286, 1896 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Sal- 

 vadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 29, 1897 Caiza, Bolivia; 

 Lantz, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 219, 1899 Naranjo, Guatemala; 

 Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131, 1900 Bonda, Santa Marta, 

 Colombia; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 13, 1900 

 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 

 3, p. 112, 1901 Mexico to Panama Railroad; Bangs, Proc. New Eng. 

 Zool. Cl., 3, p. 20, 1902 Bogaba, Chiriquf; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. 

 Nat. Paris, 10, p. 108, 1904 French Guiana; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 Los Amates and Mazatenango, Guate- 

 mala; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 95, 1907 Fazenda da Faya, Matto 

 Grosso; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 22, 1907 Mexiana Island, 

 Brazil; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Bom Lugar, Rio Purus; 

 Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 290, 1908 Cayenne; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 239 



Mus., 6, p. 466, 1910 Costa Rica (Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, and El Hogar) ; 

 Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 247, 1910 (range in Argen- 

 tina); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 89, 

 1910 Bahia (Barrinha, Rio Preto), Piauhy (Pedrinha; Serra da Prata; 

 BSa Vista, near Brejao), and Maranhao (Remanso de Coco, Rio Parna- 

 hyba); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 413, 1910 Borba, Rio Madeira; 

 idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 121, 

 1912 Mexiana; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 1913 

 Pedernales, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 371, 1913 

 Santa Lucia and Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., 

 p. 43, 1914 Paraguay; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 137, 1914 

 Maraj6 (Pacoval), Mexiana, and Rio Purus (Bom Lugar), Brazil; Chubb, 

 Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 261, 1916 Upper Takutu Mountains, Essequibo, 

 Abary River, Pirara, and Georgetown; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 Rio Inhangapy, Para; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., 

 Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 17, 1935 Uaxactun, Pet6n, Guatemala; 

 Sassi, Temminckia, Leiden, 3, p. 301, 1938 (races in Costa Rica). 



Astur cachinnans Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 8, pi. 3a, 1824 Bahia, 

 Minas Geraes, and Para, Brazil; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 26, 

 1862 Surinam. 



Macagua cachinnans d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me>id., Ois., p. 96, 1835 Santa 

 Cruz de la Sierra, Moxos, and Chiquitos, Bolivia; Dugand, Rev. Acad. 

 Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 397, pi. 1, fig. 2, pi. 5, fig. 30, 1941 Co- 

 lombia; Sheffler and van Rossem, Auk, 61, p. 140, 1944 Guirocoba, 

 Sonora (nesting). 



Cachinna herpetotheres Gray, Gen. Bds., 1, livr. 13, p. [15], pi. 7, fig. 4, May, 

 1845 based on Vieillot, Gal. Ois., pi. 19, and Spix, Av. Bras., 1, pi. 3a. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens (not of Chapman) Cherrie, Sci. Bull., 

 Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 345, 1916 Orinoco Delta. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, 

 p. 248, 1917 Rio Frio (Cauca), Honda (Magdalena), Villavicencio and 

 Barrigon (eastern foot of eastern Andes), Colombia; Bangs and Penard, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 37, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 75, 1920 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 123, 

 1922 (range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 157, 1922 

 Bonda, Neguange, Don Diego, and Fundaci6n, Santa Marta region, 

 Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 236, 1926 Huilca 

 (Macas region), eastern Ecuador; Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., 38, p. 450, 1928 Almirante, Panama; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 71, p. 308, 1931 Cricamola and Almirante, Panama; Darlington, 

 I.e., p. 368, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 276, 1931 (in part); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 127, 1933 

 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 374, 1934 Coyuca, 

 Guerrero; idem, I.e., 78, p. 301, 1935 Panama (local distr.); Aldrich, 

 Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 7, p. 49, 1937 ParacotS, Azuero Penin- 

 sula, Panama. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 62, p. 37, April, 1918 Quintana Roo, Mexico (type in Museum 

 of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., 




240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



p. 75, 1920 Mexico; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 124, 1922 Mexico to northern 

 Nicaragua; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 12, 1926 Quintana Roo; 

 Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 418, 1929 Progreso, Honduras; 

 idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 276, 1931 Mexico to Canal Zone; Stone, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 300, 1932 Cantarranas, Honduras; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 130, 1933 (monog.); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 203, 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans maestus Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 444, Oct., 

 1918 Bella Vista, Maranon River, Peru (type in Museum of Compara- 

 tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 124, 1922 

 (range); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 276, 1931 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 2, p. 129, 1933 Peru. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans queribundus Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 63, p. 23, June, 1919 Pernambuco, Brazil (type in Museum of 

 Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 124, 

 1922 Brazil to Paraguay; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 98, 

 1926 Chaco (Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho Pilaga), and Paraguay 

 (west of Puerto Pinasco); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 

 12, p. 453, 1929 Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. Ill, 

 1930 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., 

 Vogel, p. 95, 1930 La Crecencia and Las Taperas, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 276, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 64, p. 159, 1932 Progreso, La Carolina, Finca El Cipres, Hac. 

 California, and Virginia Plantation, Guatemala (crit.); Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 2, p. 128, 1933 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 461, 1936 Formosa, Chaco, and Misiones; Pinto, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 53, 1936 Rio das Almas, Jaragua, Goyaz; 

 Brodkorb, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 349, p. 2, 1937 Caviana 

 Island, Brazil; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 84, 1938 Maranhao (Boa 

 Vista), Minas Geraes (Pirapora), Sao Paulo (Ituverara), Goyaz (Rio das 

 Almas), and Matto Grosso (Rio Parana, Sao Luiz de Caceras); Bond and 

 de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 95, p. 178, 1943 vicinity of 

 Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 

 22, p. 28, 1945 Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, Brazil (disc.); idem, I.e., 23, 

 p. 54, 1945 Cachuela Esperanza, El Beni, Bolivia. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans excubitor van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., 9, p. 10, Nov. 21, 1938 Volcan de Colima, Jalisco, Mexico (type 

 in British Museum examined); idem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana 

 State Univ., 21, p. 61, 1945 Guirocoba, Sonora (breeding), footnote (crit.). 



Range. Mexico from southern Sonora, Sinaloa (Mazatlan), and 

 San Luis Potosi (Valles) south to the Canal Zone and south and east 

 through Colombia (east of the western Andes), Venezuela, the 

 Guianas, and Brazil to eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, 

 Matto Grosso, Sao Paulo, Paraguay, and the Argentine Chaco. 1 



1 With upwards of seventy specimens from the whole range before us, we are 

 quite unable to correlate the various characters, which have been used for the 

 discrimination of local races, with particular geographic areas. Griscom (Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 67, pp. 159-160; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 158) has al- 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 241 



Field Museum Collection. 42: Mexico (Valles, San Luis Potosi, 

 1; Pacaitun, Campeche, 2; San Felipe, Yucatan, 1); El Salvador 

 (Divisadero, Morazan, 1); Guatemala (Conception del Mar, Es- 

 cuintla, 1; Los Amates, Izabal, 1); Honduras (Tegucigalpa, 1; 

 Monte Redondo, 1); Nicaragua (San Emilio, Rivas, 1); Colombia, 

 Caqueta (Morelia, 1; Beten, 1); Venezuela, Zulia (Encontrados, 2; 

 Rio Aurare, 1); British Guiana (Hyde Park, Demerara River, 1; 

 Buxton, 1); Brazil (Canutama, Rio Purus, 3; Labrea, Rio Purus, 2; 

 Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 2; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 4; 

 Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas, 1; Obidos, Para, 1; Rio Sao Miguel, 

 Goyaz, 1); Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Buena Vista, 3; Cercado, 1; Nueva 

 Moka, 1; Rio Surutu, 1; San Carlos, 1); Paraguay (195 km. west 

 of Puerto Casado, 2; Horqueta, 1) ; Argentina (Resistencia, Chaco, 1). 



*Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens Chapman. 1 FULVESCENT 

 LAUGHING HAWK. 



ready called attention to the erratic nature of this hawk's variation and we can 

 but corroborate his contention that neither chapmani nor maestus nor queribundus 

 can be properly separated. Birds from Mexico and Central America, in general, 

 are perhaps a slight shade paler brown above, but as this holds only in a small 

 percentage, there is no justification in maintaining the form chapmani. Two 

 adults from Bella Vista, Peru (maestus), in the American Museum of Natural 

 History we found identical with others from Guiana, and one from Yurimaguas is 

 not different either. In a series from eastern Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay 

 (queribundus) only two or three are paler brown above, closely approaching therein 

 several from Mexico, while the remaining birds can be matched by Guianan 

 individuals picked at random. The lightest, nearly whitish, under parts in the 

 entire lot are possessed by an adult from Remedies, Colombia, whereas the crown- 

 streaks are broadest in a female from British Guiana (Annai), the ground color 

 of its pileum being at the same time fully as deep antimony yellow as in fulvescens 

 from Pacific Colombia. The dusky spotting of the under wing coverts is an 

 exceedingly variable feature, birds with heavy or slight spotting and others with 

 plain under coverts being found alike in Central America, British Guiana, and 

 Brazil. Size varies a good deal individually, the three largest birds with wings 

 over 300 mm. being from Colima, Jalisco (Beltran), and Nicaragua (Matagalpa). 

 As pointed out by Griscom, pale-bellied individuals and others with deep buff 

 under parts occur side by side over the whole range. 



Additional material examined. Mexico: Volcan Colima, Colima, 1; Beltran, 

 Jalisco, 1 ; Vega del Casadero, Vera Cruz, 1 ; Vera Cruz, 1 ; Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, 

 1; Teapa, Tabasco, 1; Tonala, Chiapas, 1; Yucatan, 2. Guatemala: Chimalapa, 1; 

 Choctum, 1; Capetillo, 1; Escuintla, 2; Retalhuleu, 1. British Honduras: Western 

 District, 2. Honduras: unspecified, 1. Nicaragua: Chontales, 1; Rio Escondido, 

 2; Matagalpa, 2; San Emilio, Lake Nicaragua, 1. Costa Rica: unspecified, 1. 

 Panama: Boquete de Chitra, Veraguas, 1. Colombia: Remedies, 1; Santa Marta, 

 1. Ecuador: Sarayacu, 2. Peru: Bella Vista, 2; Yurimaguas, 1. Venezuela: 

 Montaflas Limones (alt. 150 ft.), Me"rida, 1. British Guiana: Annai, 1; Demerara, 

 2; Essequibo River, 1; Upper Takutu Mountains, 1; Abary River, 1. French 

 Guiana: Cayenne, 1. Brazil: Obidos, 2; Mexiana Island, 1; Rio Preto, Bahia, 1; 

 Bahia, 1; southern Piauhy, 3; Santare"m, 1; Borba, Rio Madeira, 1; Caicara, Matto 

 Grosso, 1. Bolivia: La Crecencia, Santa Cruz, 1; Esperanza, 1. Argentina: 

 Fortfn Page, lower Pilcomayo, 1. 



1 Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens Chapman: Similar to the nominate race, 

 but on average smaller; dorsal surface slightly darker; crown and under parts 

 generally more saturated, rich clay color. Wing, 250-260. 




242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, 

 p. 638, Dec. 30, 1915 Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio, Colombia (type in the 

 American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 249, 

 1917 Alto Bonito, San Jose 1 , and Barbacoas, Pacific Colombia; Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 75, 1920; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 124, 1922 western 

 Ecuador to "Nicaragua"; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 236, 

 1926 Rio de Oro, Puna Island, Bucay, and Chongoncito, Ecuador; 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 158, 1929 Cana, Darien; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 130, 1933 western Ecuador to Panama; Griscom, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 301, 1935 Pacific slope of Darien. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans (not Falco cachinnans Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 28, pp. 288, 298, 1860 Babahoyo and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; 

 Taczanowski, I.e., 1877, p. 329 Lechugal, Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. 

 Per., 1, p. 145, 1884 part, Lechugal; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 502, 

 1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 

 1204 Novita, Pacific Colombia. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 276, 1931- 

 part, eastern Panama to southwestern Ecuador. 



Range. Humid Tropical zone of eastern Darien (Pacific slope), 

 Pacific Colombia, and western Ecuador to the Peruvian boundary 

 (Lechugal, Prov. Tumbez). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 5: Ecuador (Montes de Achotal, 

 Esmeraldas, 1; San Mateo, Esmeraldas, 3; Santo Domingo de los 

 Colorados, Manabi, 1). 



Genus MICRASTUR G. R. Gray 2 



Brachypteriis (not of Latreille, 1819, nor of Kugelann, 1794) Lesson, Compl. 



Buffon, 7, p. 113, 1836 type, by tautonymy, Falco brachypterus Tem- 



minck=Spam'us semitorquatiis Vieillot. 

 Micrastur G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 6, 1841 new name for 



Brachyptents Lesson, preoccupied. 

 Carnifex (not of Sundevall, 1836) Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., No. 46, 



col. 1084, Dec. 15, 1842 type, by orig. desig., Carnifex naso Lesson. 



Climacocercus Cabanis, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 265, 1844 type, by orig. 

 desig., Falco brachypterus Temminck. 



^ While not possessing any character by which every single individual may be 

 distinguished, there can be no doubt that birds from the Pacific coast of Colombia 

 and Ecuador are generally more deeply colored, particularly underneath and on 

 the crown. Yet the darkest specimen (an adult female from Condoto) is even 

 exceeded in intensity of coloring by one from Venezuela (Limones, Me>ida), 

 while one from Ecuador (Paramba), on the other hand, is nowise separable from 

 the Guianan average. 



Additional material examined. Colombia: Condoto, 2; Novita, 1. Ecuador: 

 Paramba, Imbabura, 2; unspecified, 1. 



2 About anatomical characters and affinities, cf. Sushkin, Nouv. Mem. Soc. 

 Natur. Moscou, 15, livr. 4, pp. 194, 217, 1905. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 243 



Climacourus Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 489, 1850 (lapsus for 

 Climacocercus Cabanis). 



Rhyncomegas Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 37, p. 809, 1853 

 type, by orig. desig., Falco brachypterus Temminck. 



Rhynchomegus Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 537, 1854 emendation 

 of Rhyncomegas Bonaparte. 



Nothierax Sundevall, Ofv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 31, No. 2, p. 25, 1874 

 type, by orig. desig., Falco xanthothorax Temminck =Sparvius ruficollis 

 Vieillot. 



Thrasyaccipiter Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 164, Jan., 1901 

 type, by monotypy, Thrasyaccipiter seminocturnis Bertoni = Sparvius rufi- 

 collis Vieillot. 



Clamosocircus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 145, 1925 type, by orig. 

 desig., Sparvius gilvicollis Vieillot. 



*Micrastur semitorquatus naso (Lesson). 1 MEXICAN HARRIER- 

 HAWK. 



Carnifex naso Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., No. 46, col. 1085, Dec. 15, 1842 

 Realejo, "re"publique du Centre- Am e>ique"= Nicaragua (type in coll. of 

 R. P. Lesson); idem, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 378, 1842 (reprint). 



Falco percontator Cabot, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., 4, No. 4, p. 462, Jan. 1844 

 Chichen-Itza, Yucatan, Mexico (cotypes in coll. of S. Cabot, now in Mu- 

 seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Auk, 32, 

 p. 168, 1915, and Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 186, 1930). 



Micrastur semitorquatus (not Sparvius semitorquatus Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1859, p. 218 Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 

 7, p. 462, 1862 Lion Hill, Panama; idem, I.e., 9, p. 134, 1868 La Cruces 

 de Candelaria and Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 

 17, p. 369, 1869 Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 



1869, p. 365 part, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Yucatan; Salvin, I.e., 



1870, p. 216 Mina de Chorcha, Chiriquf; Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H., 16, p. 76, 1873 part, Central America; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. 

 Soc. N. H., 2, p. 299, 1874 Mazatlan, Sinaloa (habits); idem, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 4, p. 40, 1876 Santa Efigenia and Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca, 

 Mexico; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 44 Candelaria Moun- 

 tains, Costa Rica; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 235, 1881 tierra 

 caliente of Mexico; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, 

 No. 339, p. 11, 1899 Laguna della Pita, Darien. 



1 Micrastur semitorquatus naso (Lesson) is a very poor race. There does not 

 seem to be anything in the supposedly larger size, but adult birds from Central 

 America seem to be slightly darker, more blackish above, while the juvenile 

 plumage is generally more deeply tinged with buff on the under parts. M. amaurus, 

 known from Panama and Ecuador, is merely a melanistic mutation. 



Additional material (of adults) examined. Mexico: Presidio de Mazatlan, 

 Sinaloa, 2; Plain of Colima, Colima, 1; Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, 1. Guatemala: 

 Retalhuleu, 1. Salvador: La Libertad, 1. Nicaragua: San Emilio, 1. Costa 

 Rica (unspecified), 1. Panama (unspecified), 1. Ecuador: near Gualea, 1. 




244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Micrastur brachyplerus Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 225 Atlantic slope [of Hon- 

 duras]; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 452, 1910 Bolson and Carrillo, 

 Costa Rica. 



Nisus brachypterus (not Falco brachyplerus Temminck) Schlegel, Mus. Pays- 

 Bas, Astures, p. 52, 1862 part, spec, a, Mexico. 



Micrastur melanoleucus (not Sparvius melanoleucus Vieillot) Ridgway, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 482 part, Mexico (Colima, Sierra Madre, 

 Mazatlan, Tehuantepec, Mirador) to Costa Rica (Angostura, Rancho 

 Redondo, Sipurio, Talamanca) and Panama; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 6, p. 377, 1883 San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua; Boucard, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 457 Yucatan (ex Cabot); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 

 1, p. 160, 1884 part, Lechugal, Peru; Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. 

 Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 145, 1893 Boruca, Costa Rica; Richmond, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 628, 1896 Alta Mira, Tamaulipas; Bangs, 

 Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 15, 1900 Loma del Leon, Panama; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 107, 1901 Mexico 

 to Darien; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 345, 1905 Escuinapa 

 and Juanna Gomez, Sinaloa; Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 121, 

 1906 Chichen-Itza, Yucatan; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. 

 Ser., 1, p. 83, 1907 San Jose", Guatemala; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 

 Caballeros, Tamaulipas; W. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 344 part, Central 

 America and Ecuador; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, 

 p. 33, 1922 below Gualea and Nanegal, Ecuador (crit.). 



Micrastur amaurus Gurney, Ibis, (4), 3, p. 173, April, 1879 forest region of 

 Panama (cotypes in Norwich Museum and in Salvin-Godman Collection, 

 the latter now in the British Museum ;=melanistic mutation); Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 109, pi. 65, 1901 Panama. 



Micrastur melanoleucus melanoleucus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 15, 1919 

 part, Mexico to Panama; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 24, 1921 part, Mexico 

 to Panama. 



Micrastur melanoleucus percontator Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 142, 1925 

 part, Mexico to Panama (monog.). 



Micrastur melanoleucus naso Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 221, 

 1926 Mindo, Ecuador; Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 150, 1932 Hacienda Cali- 

 fornia and Finca El Cipres, Guatemala; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo!., 

 72, p. 316, 1932 Perme and Obaldia, Panama; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 84, p. 212, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua. 



Micrastur semitorquatus percontator Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 38, p. 449, 1928 Almirante Bay, Panama; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 68, p. 387, 1928 Tapanatepec, Oaxaca. 



Micrastur semitorquatus naso Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 277, 1931 (range); 

 idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 318, 1931 Changuinola and Crica- 

 mola, Almirante, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 302, 1935 Panama; 

 Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 204, 1941 Pacaitun, 

 Campeche, Mexico. 



Range. Tropical zone of Mexico, from Sinaloa and Tamaulipas 

 southward through Central America to eastern Panama, western 

 Ecuador, and the Peruvian boundary (Lechugal, Dept. Tumbez). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 245 



Field Museum Collection. 17: Mexico (Esquinapa, Sinaloa, 1; 

 Apatzingan, Michoacan, 1; Pacaitun, Campeche, 1; Chichen Itza, 

 Yucatan, 1); Guatemala, Escuintla (San Jose", 1; Tiquisate, 1); El 

 Salvador (San Sebastian, La Paz, 1; Laguna Olomega, San Miguel, 

 1; Sitio del Nino, La Libertad, 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, 

 Chinandega, 1; San Emilio, Rivas, 1); Costa Rica (Boruca, Pun- 

 tarenas, 1); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui, 1); Colombia, Choco (Rio 

 Jurado, 2; Sierra Darien, Pacific side, 1; Rio Salaqui, 1). 



*Micrastur semitorquatus semitorquatus (Vieillot). COLLARED 

 HARRIER-HAWK. 



Sparvius semi-torquatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 10, p. 

 322, 1817 based on "Esparvero faxado" Azara, No. 19, Paraguay (descr. 

 of young). 1 



Sparvius melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 10, p. 327, 

 1817 based on "Esparvero negriblanco" Azara, No. 28, Paraguay. 



Falco brachypterus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 20, pis. 116 (young), 

 141 (adult), Mar., 1822 Brazil, Guiana, and Paraguay 2 (cotypes: adult 

 male from Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro 3 in Vienna Museum; young male, 

 from Brazil, in the Leyden Museum). 



Falco leucomelas (Illiger MS.) Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berliner Mus., p. 62, 



1823 based on Azara, No. 28. 

 Astur brachypterus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 9, 1824 "in sylvis cam- 



pestribus Bahiae." 



Climacocercus brachypterus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 88, 

 1855 Surinam (descr.). 



Nisus brachypterus Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 52, 1862 part, spec. 

 2-4, Paraguay, Brazil, and Cayenne. 



Micrastur brachypterus Pelzeln, Reise Nov., 1, Zool., Vogel, p. 12, 1865; 

 idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1868 Rio de Janeiro (Corcovado), Matto 

 Grosso (Villa Maria), Rio Madeira (Borba), Forte do Rio Branco, and 

 Barra do Rio Negro, Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 

 1870, p. 68 Sumidouro, Minas Geraes; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 405, 

 1907 Borba, Rio Madeira; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 290, 1908 Cayenne; 

 Hellmayr, I.e., 17, p. 409, 1910 Borba; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 

 1914 Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni, Iguasu); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 



Vieillot, in translating Azara's excellent description into French, ascribed 

 the markings of the hindneck to the crown, as has been pointed out by Wetmore 

 (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 99, 1926), who rightly remarks that the Spanish 

 original account clearly refers to the juvenile plumage of the Collared Harrier- 

 Hawk. 



2 Ex Azara, Nos. 19 (not "29") and 28. 



3 Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 52, 1862) erroneously lists an adult 

 female received in 1835(!) from the Paris Museum as the original of PI. Col., pi. 141 ; 

 but we have Temminck's testimony that the bird figured is at Vienna. 




246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



8, p. 126, 1914 Monte Alegre, Brazil; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 p. 221, 1916 Bartica and Roraima; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. 

 Inst., 2, p. 344, 1916 Caicara, Rio Orinoco. 



Micrastur semitorquatus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 

 p. 365 part, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Matto Grosso, Borba, Rio Negro, 

 Rio Branco); iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 Santa Cruz, Peru; Ridgway, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 77, 1873 part, South America; Berlepsch, 

 Journ. Orn., 21, p. 288, 1873 Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Sharpe, Cat. 

 Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 75, 1874 part, spec, a-d, Bahia and New Granada; 

 Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 177 Valencia, Colombia; Taczanowski, 

 Orn. Per., 1, p. 160, 1884 part, Santa Cruz, Peru; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, 

 p. 75 Roraima, British Guiana; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 

 p. 132, 1898 Santa Marta, Colombia; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do 

 Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 345, 1899 Sao Paulo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, 

 p. 130, 1900 Bonda, Colombia; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 

 p. 113, 1902 Caicara, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 

 465 Tatarenda, Bolivia; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. 

 Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 570, 1906 Brazil; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 

 1, p. 85, 1907 Sao Paulo, Parana (Ourinho), and Espirito Santo; Lillo, 

 Apunt. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 22, 1909 Ledesma, Jujuy; Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 241, 1910 Chaco and "Buenos Aires"; 

 Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, p. 93, 1920 Chaco; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 133, p. 99, 1926 west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay (nomencl.). 



Micrastur melanoleucus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 482 

 part, South America; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 171, 

 1885 Rio Grande do Sul; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 27, 1887 

 Lambare, Paraguay; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 24, p. 168, 1901 San Julian, near La Guaira, Venezuela; Sclater, Ibis, 

 1918, p. 344 part, South America; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. 

 Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 202, 1924 Miritiba, Maranhao. 



Micrastur melanoleucus melanoleucus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 15, 1919 

 part, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and Paraguay; idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 24, 1921 (in part); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 140, 1925 (monog.); 

 Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 368, 1931 Rio Frio, Magda- 

 lena, Colombia. 



Ci)Micrastur melanoleucus buckleyi Swann, Syn. List Accip., subst. p. 15, 

 July, 1919 Sarayacu, Ecuador (type in British Museum examined); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 25, 1921 Sarayacu; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, 

 p. 142, 1925 Sarayacu; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 221, 

 1926 Rio Suno, San Jose 1 , and below Baeza, eastern Ecuador. 



Micrastur brachypterus brachypterus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 14, p. 155, 1922 Bonda, Neguange, Cincinnati, Mamatoco, Dibulla, and 

 Fundacion, Colombia (crit.). 



Micrastur semitorquatus semitorquatus Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 12, p. 453, 1929 Miritiba, Maranhao; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 60, p. 104, 1930 Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, 

 p. 277, 1931 (range); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 50, 1936 Rio das 

 Almas (Fazenda Formiga), Goyaz; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 247 



Mus. La Plata, p. 462, 1936 (range in Argentina); 1 Gyldenstolpe, K. 

 Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 28, 1945 Joao PessSa, Rio 

 Jurua, Brazil (disc, plumages); idem, I.e., (3), 23, p. 54, 1945 Puerto 

 Salinas, El Beni, Bolivia. 



(t)Micrastur semitorquatus buckleyi Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 277, 1931 

 Amazonian Ecuador. 



Range. Eastern Colombia (Santa Marta region) and from Vene- 

 zuela and the Guianas through eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru (Santa 

 Cruz), and Brazil south to Bolivia, northern Argentina (Chaco; 

 Ledesma, Jujuy), Paraguay, and Rio Grande do Sul. 2 



Field Museum Collection. 20: Brazil (Obidos, Pard, 3; Labrea, 

 Rio Purus, 1; Igarape Aniba, Rio Amazonas, 3; Lago do Baptista, 

 Rio Amazonas, 3; Piquiatuba, Rio Amazonas, 3; Caxiricatuba, Rio 

 Tapajoz, 2; Boca Ituqui, Rio Amazonas, 1); Bolivia, Santa Cruz 

 (Buena Vista, 3; Rio Surutu, 1). 



*Micrastur mirandollei (Schlegel). MIRANDOLLE'S HARRIER- 

 HAWK. 



Astur mirandollei Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 27, after Sept., 1862 

 Surinam (type in the Leyden Museum); idem, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 

 1, p. 130, 1863 Dutch Guiana (full descr.). 



Micrastur poliogaster? (not Falco poliogaster Temminck) Lawrence, Ann. 

 Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 317, 1861 Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of 

 Panama. 



Micrastur macrorhynchus (Natterer MS.) Pelzeln, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, 

 Vogel, p. 11, 1865 Barra do Rio Negro [=Manaos], Santa Maria do 

 Rio Branco, and Para, Brazil (cotypes in Vienna Museum examined). 3 



1 Holmberg's record of M. brachypterus (Nat. Arg., 1, p. 95, 1878) from San 

 Jose de Flores and San Fernando, Prov. Buenos Aires, seems to be in need of 

 confirmation by specimens actually taken. 



2 Birds from Colombia (Santa Marta), Venezuela, and British Guiana, in 

 size and coloration, are inseparable from Brazilian specimens, their dimensions 

 varying within the same limits. The proposed local race from eastern Ecuador 

 (buckleyi) is questionable. The type is indeed smaller than any other specimen 

 examined, but the color characters do not seem to be of any consequence. The 

 brown spots in the white tail-bands are no doubt an individual feature, there 

 being suggestions of them in a bird from Bahia and one from Borba. The type 

 has five white tail-bands exactly like an adult from Roraima and one from southern 

 Brazil. A young bird from Sarayacu is likewise very small, and on the basis of 

 these two skins the form might be readily admitted. However, other examples 

 from eastern Ecuador received by Chapman are fully as large as Brazilian speci- 

 mens, and cast serious doubt on the validity of buckleyi. 



Length of wing. Female adult, Roraima, 260; female adult, Bartica, 265; 

 female adult, Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil, 255; female adult, Miritiba, Maranhao, 

 263; male adult, Borba, Rio Madeira, 250; adult, Bahia, 265; male adult, Villa 

 Maria, Matto Grosso, 243; male adult, Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, 255; adult, 

 Sarayacu, Ecuador, 215. 



*An adult male from Par& and an adult female from Santa Maria do Rio 

 Branco. The female from Barra do Rio Negro passed by exchange into the 

 Leyden Museum. 




248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Micrastur mirandollei Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 

 753, 759 Chyavetas, Peru; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1868 Barra do 

 Rio Negro, Santa Maria do Rio Branco, and Par4; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 365 eastern Peru (Chyavetas) and 

 Brazil (Barra do Rio Negro, Rio Branco) (monog.); iidem, I.e., 1873, 

 p. 303 Chyavetas, Peru; Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 77, 

 1873 Peru, Brazil, and Panama (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 76, 1874 (monog.; descr. of type); Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1875, p. 485 Costa Rica (Talamanca) to Amazonia (monog.; 

 descr. of young); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 47 

 Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 159, 1884 Peru (Chyavetas, 

 Yurimaguas); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 501 Carimang River, British Guiana; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 109, pi. 64, 1901 

 Costa Rica (Talamanca), Panama (Railroad line), Amazonia, and Guiana 

 (Rupununi River); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 85, 1907 (range); 1 

 Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 452, 1910 vicinity of Sipurio, 

 Talamanca, Costa Rica; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. 

 Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 1912 Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 

 8, p. 126, 1914 Ourem, Rio Guama, Para; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 

 1, p. 221, 1916 Ituribisi River, Bartica, Arawai River, and Carimang 

 River; W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 345 Costa Rica to Amazonia and 

 Guiana; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 15, 1919 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 25, 1921 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 144, 1925 (monog.); 

 Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 277, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 72, p. 317, 1932 Perme" and Obaldia, eastern Panama; idem, Auk, 

 50, p. 303, 1933 Rio Chepo, Darien; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, 

 p. 302, 1935 Panama; idem and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 81, p. 418, 1937 Brazil (Rio Acara, Para; Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz) 

 and Cayenne; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 23, pp. 504, 547, 1938 Sao Gabriel 

 (Rio Negro), Manacapuru, and Santarem, Brazil; Dugand, Caldasia, 1, 

 No. 3, p. 58, 1941 Rio Jurado, Choco. 



Micrastur mirandollei extimus Griscom and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 81, p. 418, May, 1937 Perme", eastern Panama (type in Museum 

 of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). 



Micrastur mirandollei mirandollei Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. 

 Handl., (3), 22, p. 30, 1945 Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua (disc.). 



Range. Southeastern Costa Rica (Talamanca) and Panama 

 through northwestern Colombia (Choco) to the Guianas, eastern 

 Peru (Chyavetas, Yurimaguas), and Brazilian Amazonia east to the 

 Para region. 2 



1 The specimen from the Rio Doce, Espirito Santo, listed by Ihering, can 

 hardly be the present species. Pinto (Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 85, 1938) does not 

 mention it. 



2 We cannot distinguish two Panama skins (extimus) from typical mirandollei. 

 The palest, most indistinct tail-bands are shown by an adult male from Para, 

 while they are remarkably broad and nearly pure white in an adult female from 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 249 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Colombia (Rio Jurado, Choco, 3); 

 British Guiana (Itabu Creek, Middle Base Camp, 1) ; Brazil (Igarape 

 Aniba, Rio Amazonas, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 1). 



*Micrastur ruficollis guerilla Cassin. GREY-THROATED HARRIER- 

 HAWK. 



Micrastur guerilla Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, p. 87, Oct., 1848 

 near Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in coll. of the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, 

 p. 31, 1899); idem, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., n. ser., 1, p. 259, pi. 40, 

 1850; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 367 Mexico 

 (Jalapa, C6rdoba), Guatemala, Veragua, and Ecuador (Nanegal) (monog.); 

 Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 216 CaloveVora, Veraguas; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 

 1870, p. 838 [San Pedro], Honduras; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 79, 1874 (monog.); Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 486 

 Vera Cruz to Guayaquil, Ecuador (monog.); Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 

 1, p. 235, 1881 Orizaba and Uvero, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Berlepsch and 

 Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; 

 iidem, I.e., 1884, p. 310 Surupata, Ecuador; Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. 

 Prey, p. 119, 1884 (crit.; var.); Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, 

 p. 126, 1887 Monte Redondo, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Ffs.- 

 Geog. y Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 145, 1893 Boruca, Costa Rica; 

 Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 520, 1893 Rio Escondido, 

 Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 110, 

 1901 Mexico (Jalapa, Cuesta de Misantla, Orizaba, Uvero, C6rdoba), 

 British Honduras (Cayo), Guatemala (Choctum), Honduras (San Pedro), 

 Nicaragua (Matagalpa, La Libertad, Santo Domingo, Rio Coco, Managua, 

 Rio Escondido), Costa Rica (Monte Redondo, Estrella, Jimenez, Irazu, 

 Talamanca, Pozo del Pital, Carrillo), and Panama (Volcan de Chiriquf, 

 CaloveVora, Calobre, Lion Hill); Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, 

 p. 141, 1903 Ceiba and Yaruca, Honduras; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 84, 1907 Los Amates, Guatemala; M6n6gaux, 

 Miss. Serv. G6og. Armee Mes. Arc Me>id. Equat., 9, p. B. 12, 1911 

 Gualea, Ecuador. 



Micrastur concentricus (not Nisus concentricus Lesson) Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 24, p. 285, 1856 near C6rdoba, Vera Cruz. 



Micrastur gilvicollis (not Sparvius gilvicollis Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 26, p. 96, 1858 southern Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 

 p. 218 Guatemala; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 96, 1860 

 Nanegal, Ecuador (spec, examined); Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 

 N. Y., 7, p. 317, 1861 Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of Panama. 



Micrastur xanthothorax (not Falco xantholhorax Temminck) Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 368, 1859 vicinity of Jalapa, Mexico. 



the Rio Branco. An apparently immature individual from British Guiana is 

 even more strongly tinged with buff underneath than one of the Panama birds. 

 Additional material examined. British Guiana (Carimang River, Rupununi 

 River, Bartica, etc.), 9. Brazil: Para, 1; Our6m, Rio Guama, Para, 1; Santa 

 Maria do Rio Branco, 1. Peru: Chyavetas, 1. Panama: Railroad line, 2. 




250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Micrastur ruficollis (not Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1859, p. 218 Guatemala; Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 78, 

 1873 part, Mexico to Ecuador. 



Micrastur zonolhorax (not Climacocercus zonothorax Cabanis) Bangs, Auk, 18, 

 p. 358, 1901 Divala, Chiriqui. 



Micrastur interstes Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 289, 1907 La Estrella de Cartago, 

 Costa Rica (type now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 

 Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 186, 1930); Ferry, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 259, 1910 Guayabo, Costa Rica; 

 Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 453, 1910 Costa Rica (Tenorio, 

 Tuis, Pozo Azul de Pirrfs, Carrfllo, Buenos Aires). 



Micrastur guerrilla interstes Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1203 

 Novita, Rio Tamana, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, 

 p. 241, 1917 western Colombia (Dabeiba, La Vieja, Novita, San Jose, 

 Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Salencio, ?Salento); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 70, p. 248, 1918 Agua Clara and Gatun, Panama; Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 222, 1926 Rio de Oro, Gualea, Zaruma, 

 and El Chiral, western Ecuador. 



Micrastur ruficollis guerilla W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 346 Vera Cruz to 

 western Ecuador (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 278, 1931 Mexico to 

 Guatemala; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 317, 1932 Perme, 

 Panama (crit.); idem, I.e., 78, p. 302, 1935 Panama; Traylor, Field Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 204, 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche, Mexico. 



Climacocercus guerilla Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 27, 1921 (chars.; range in part). 



Climacocercus guerilla interstes Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, 



p. 33, 1922 Gualea and "Verdecocha," Ecuador. 

 Clamosocircus guerilla guerilla Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 151, pi. [9], 



lower fig., 1925 Mexico to Nicaragua (monog.); Austin, Bull. Mus. 



Comp. Zool., 69, p. 372, 1929 Augustine, British Honduras. 



Clamosocircus guerilla interstes Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 152, 1925 

 Costa Rica to Colombia and Ecuador (monog.). 



Clamosocircus guerilla guerilla Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, 

 p. 473, 1927 Presidio, Vera Cruz. 



Micrastur ruficollis interstes Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 278, 1931 Costa Rica 



to western Colombia and Ecuador. 

 Micrastur guerilla guerilla Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 16, 1919 (chars.; range 



excl. of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Brazil); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. 



H., 64, p. 150, 1932 Guatemala. 



Range. Tropical zone of southern Mexico (State of Vera Cruz; 

 Chiapas) and south through British Honduras, Guatemala, Hon- 

 duras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama to western Colombia 

 (Cauca), and western Ecuador; 1 (?) eastern Ecuador. 



1 After carefully studying a large series of adults and young covering the 

 entire range from southern Mexico to western Ecuador, I have come to the con- 

 clusion that the southern race (interstes) should not be maintained. The least 

 amount of barring below is indeed shown by three adults from Mexico (Jalapa; 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 251 



Field Museum Collection. 23: Mexico (Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, 1; 

 Pacaitun, Campeche, 1) ; Guatemala, Izabal (Escobas, 1 ; Los Amates, 

 1); Nicaragua (Matagalpa, 1); Costa Rica (Lim6n, 2; Boruca, 

 Puntarenas, 1; Guayabo, Cartage, 1; San Carlos, Alajuela, 1); 

 Panama (Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 1); Colombia (Mun- 

 chique, Cauca, 1; Rio Munchique, Cauca, 1; La Costa, El Tambo, 

 Cauca, 1; Ricaurte, Narino, 1); Ecuador (Montes del Achotal, 

 Pichincha, 2; Gualon, 1; Conchacoto, 1; Nanegal, 1; Aluguinche, 

 Pichincha, 2; Macas, Oriente, I 1 ). 



*Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax (Cabanis). 2 RUFOUS-FACED 

 HARRIER-HAWK. 



Climacocercus zonothorax Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 13, p. 406, 1865 "Puerto 

 Cabello," Carabobo, Venezuela (type in Berlin Museum); Swann, Syn. 



Santa Rita, Chiapas), in which the white bars are several times broader than the 

 black ones, the latter having a tendency to become evanescent on middle of 

 belly and crissum. An adult from Vera Paz is exactly the same. Two other 

 Guatemalan skins have much more closely barred under parts, the black and white 

 bands on the chest being of equal width, and the barring extending down to the 

 under tail coverts, and they resemble the series from Honduras to Nicaragua. 

 Birds from Costa Rica southward (interstes) are more broadly barred below, 

 especially on the chest, where the dark bars are wider than the more grayish 

 white interstices. Besides, the chest is often tinged with dull brownish, which 

 is merely suggested in occasional individuals of more northern origin. There are, 

 however, frequent exceptions to this rule. A topotype from La Estrella de Cartago 

 and an adult male from Corazon (Ecuador) have no brownish wash on the chest 

 and are indistinguishable, even in barring, from various Nicaraguan birds which, 

 as a whole, more nearly approach "interstes" than do any from Guatemala, Belize, 

 or Honduras. On the other hand, an adult male from Matagalpa is in every respect 

 a typical interstes, and indistinguishable from Chiriquf birds. Brown-backed 

 specimens are rather rare in this species, and in the large series examined one 

 each from Jalapa, Vera Paz, San Pedro (Honduras), La Libertad (Nicaragua), 

 and Chiriquf, represent this style of coloration. Bangs's supposition that the 

 juvenile plumage of "interstes" is more heavily barred below, is disproved by the 

 series at hand. Of seven young "interstes," two from Costa Rica (Carrfllo, Escazti) 

 have but a few scattered dusky bars like others from Jalapa and Choctum, while 

 another from Carrfllo and one from the Volcan de Chiriquf are broadly barred all 

 over like one from Misantla. The others are intermediate and can be matched 

 by numerous individuals from Mexico to Honduras. 



Additional material examined. Mexico: Cuesta de Misantla, Vera Cruz, 1; 

 Jalapa, 4; Santa Rita, Chiapas, 1. Guatemala: Coban, Vera Paz, 4; Choctum, 

 6; Sierra de las Minas, 1. British Honduras: Cayo, 2; near Belize, 1. Honduras: 

 San Pedro, 3. Nicaragua: Lake Managua, 1; La Libertad, 3; Rio Coco, 3; Santa 

 Cruz, Rio Coco, 1; San Rafael, 1; Santo Domingo, 1; Matagalpa, 1. Costa Rica: 

 Estrella de Cartago, 1; Escazu, 1; Carrfllo, 3. Panama: Chiriquf, 1; Frances, 

 Chiriquf, 1 ; Volcan de Chiriquf, 1 ; Calov^vora, Veragua, 1 ; Cal6bre, Veragua, 2. 

 Colombia: Novita, 1; "vicinity of Pasto," 1. Ecuador: Paramba, 1; lower side 

 of Corazon, 1; Balzar, 1; Nanegal, 1. C.E.H. 



1 This specimen may have been wrongly labeled as to locality. It has no dull 

 rufescent color on the throat as in M. r. zonothorax. It is a male, wing 167 mm., 

 with dorsal surface as in M. r. guerilla. B.C. 



2 Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax (Cabanis) : Similar to southern specimens of 

 M. r. guerilla in having the whole under parts from foreneck to crissum nearly 




252 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Accip., p. 26, 1921 (chars.; range); idem, Auk, 38, p. 357, 1921 Montana 

 Sierra, El Valle, Limones, and Chama, Merida (crit.). 



Nisus xanthothorax (not Falco xanthothorax Temminck) Schlegel, Mus. Pays- 

 Bas, Astures, p. 50, 1862 part, spec. 1, 4, Caracas, Venezuela. 



Micrastur zonothorax Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, pp. 252, 

 254 coast range of Puerto Cabello; iidem, I.e., p. 366 Puerto Cabello, 

 Venezuela, and Bogota, Colombia (monog.); iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 511 

 Caracas, Venezuela; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 79, 1874 (monog.); 

 Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 489 Venezuela (Puerto 

 Cabello) and Bogota (monog.); Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 120, 

 1884 Venezuela (descr. of adult and young); Todd and Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 158, 1922 Cincinnati, Sierra Nevada de Santa 

 Marta, Las Vegas, San Lorenzo, Pueblo Viejo, and Chirua, Colombia 

 (crit.). 



Micrastur jugularis Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 118, 1884 part, spec. 

 Nos. 3, 4, Venezuela and Colombia. 



Micrastur ruficollis (not Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot) Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 Valparaiso and El Libano, Santa Marta, Colombia. 



Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 347 (crit.); Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 16, 1919 Colombia and Venezuela (chars.); Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 278, 1931 (range). 



Climacocercus guerilla jugularis Swann, Syn. Accip., Addenda to Part 3, p. ii, 

 1922 part, Colombia and Venezuela. 



Clamosocircus zonothorax Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 147, 1925 (monog.). 



Clamosocircus guerilla jugularis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 152, 1925 

 part, Colombia and Venezuela. 



C!)Micrastur guerilla jugularis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 222, 

 1926 Rio Suno and below San Jose, eastern Ecuador. 



Range. Tropical zone of northern Venezuela (from the coast 

 ranges of the Caracas region to the Cordillera of MeYida) and eastern 

 Colombia (Santa Marta region and eastern Andes); (?) eastern 

 Ecuador. 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Venezuela (Paramo de Tama, 

 Tachira, 1; La Azulita, Merida, 1). 



evenly barred with blackish; but larger, sides of face and throat dull reddish 

 brown instead of neutral gray, and wings at least in part dull rufous brown. 

 Wing, 174-190; tail, 170-185. 



The upper parts in this form vary from dark slate gray to bright rufous 

 brown, thus corresponding to the variation observable in M . r. ruficollis, from 

 which it may, however, be separated by larger size, stronger bill, broader black 

 barring underneath, and the much duller rufescent color, which is restricted to 

 the throat. Birds from Santa Marta and Bogota agree with a Venezuelan series. 

 We have no Ecuadorian material. 



Additional material examined. Venezuela: Galipan, near Caracas, 3; Silla de 

 Caracas, 2; Cordillera of Me>ida, 8. Colombia: Bonda, 2; "Bogota," 2. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 253 



*Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot). RED-NECKED HARRIER- 

 HAWK. 



Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 10, p. 322, 1817 

 'TAme'rique m6ridionale"(= Brazil) 1 (type in Paris Museum examined;= 

 rufous variety of adult) ; idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1263, 

 1823 'TAme'rique meridionale" ; Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, 

 p. 91, 1850 (crit. note on type). 



Falco xanthothorax Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 16, pi. 92, Nov., 

 1821 "la Guyane [errore] et le Bresil" (type in the Leyden Museum; 

 =rufous variety of adult); Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 19, 1824 

 Rio de Janeiro. 



Falco leucauchen Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 52, pi. 306, Nov. 27, 

 1824 Brazil =Goyaz (type in Paris Museum 1 examined ;= young). 



Climacocercus xanthothorax Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 85, 

 1855 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro. 



Nisus xanthothorax Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 50, 1862 part, spec. 

 Nos. 2-9, Brazil and "Guiana." 



Micrastur xanthothorax Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1868 Mattodentro, 



Ypanemd, and Itarare", Sao Paulo; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. 



Foren., 1870, p. 68 Lapa do Bahu and Lag5a Santa, Minas Geraes. 

 Micrastur leucauchen Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 367 



part, Bahia (descr. of plumbeous variety of adult); Ridgway, Proc. Bost. 



Soc. N. H., 16, p. 80, 1873 Brazil (descr. of young). 



Micrastur ruficollis Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 366 

 Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Goyaz (monog.; descr. of rufous 

 variety); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 287, 1873 Blumenau, Santa 

 Catharina (crit.; descr. of young); Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 16, p. 78, 1873 part, Brazil; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 76, 

 1874 Brazil, "Venezuela, and Guiana" (errore); Ridgway, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 490 Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (monog.; descr. 

 of plumbeous and rufous varieties); Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 232 (crit.); 

 Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 171, 1885 Rio Grande do 

 Sul; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto 

 Grosso; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 29, 1897 

 San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 



1 Suggested as type locality by Hellmayr (Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. 

 Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 573, 1906), restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Naumburg 

 (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 105, 1930). 



2 Although Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 51, 1862) claims the type to 

 be one of Natterer's specimens in the Leyden Museum, it is quite evident from 

 Temminck's own statement (text to Falco hemidactylus, footnote to p. 2) that 

 one of the birds sent by Auguste de Saint-Hilaire to the Paris Museum and figured 

 by Huet on plate 306 served as original for his account. Against Ridgway's 

 doubts (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 493) about the correct identification 

 of F. leucauchen, we may mention that several of our juvenile individuals of 

 ruficollis show distinct white, dusky-edged superciliaries, and also agree in other 

 particulars with Temminck's description and plate. If the pileum, on the latter, 

 is represented as rufous brown like the back, this is clearly the artist's fault, since 

 we read in the text: "Le sommet de la tete et de 1'occiput sont noirs." 




254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 

 p. 346, 1899 Piquete, Sao Paulo; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, 

 No. 378, p. 14, 1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 

 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Lillo, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Taff Viejo, Tucuman; 

 idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 61, 1905 Taff Viejo; Miranda, 

 Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 187, 1906 Morro dos Carneiros, 

 Itatiaya; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, pp. 86, 409, 1907 Sao Paulo 

 (Piquete, Iguap6), Parana (Ourinho), Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco), 

 Minas Geraes (Marianna), and Espirito Santo (Rio Doce); Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 241, 1910 (range in Argentina); Chubb, 

 Ibis, 1910, p. 70 Sapucay, Paraguay; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. 

 Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 89, 1910 Lagoa do Missao, Parnagua, Piauhy; 

 Chrostowski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, pp. 468, 494, 1912 

 Vera Guarany, Parana; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 299, 1914 

 Jujuy, Tucuman, and Paraguay; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 126, 

 1914 "Para"; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Alto Parana, Para- 

 guay; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 122, 1926 

 Candido de Abreu and Therezina, Parand; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. 

 Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 47, 1926 Ceara; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 57, p. 283, 1928 Morro dos Carneiros, Itatiaya; Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 19, p. 96, 1935 Rio Jucurucu, Bahia. 



Climacocercus ruficollis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, 

 Rio de Janeiro; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 25, 1921 (chars.; range). 



[Micrastur] jugularis Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 118, 1884 part, spec. 

 1, 2, Bahia (type, from Bahia, in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in 

 British Museum, examined); 1 Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 179, 1921 

 (crit.). 



Micrastur gilvicollis (not Sparvius gilvicollis Vieillot) Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 

 3, p. 347, 1899 Piracicaba, Sao Paulo (spec, examined ;= young); idem, 

 Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 86, 1907 part, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo. 



Thrasyaccipiter seminocturnis Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 164, 

 Jan., 1901 Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni). 2 



Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 345 Bahia to 

 Paraguay (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 16, 1919 (hab. in part); 

 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 454, 1929 near Par- 

 nagua, Piauhy (ex Reiser); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 

 105, 1930 Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 277, 1931 (range); 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, p. 463, 1936 Argen- 

 tina. 



1 The name jugularis was principally based on two adults in the plumbeous 

 "phase" from Bahia in the Salvin-Godman Collection (Nos. 1, 2), and we are at 

 a loss to understand why Swann (Syn. Accip., Addenda to Part 3, p. ii, 1922) 

 selects "Venezuela" as type locality. The specimens in the Norwich Museum 

 which we have not seen if correctly labeled as being from Venezuela and Co- 

 lombia, must, of course, pertain to M. r. zonothorax. 



2 It is possible that Accipiter virgatus Bertoni (Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, 

 p. 163, Jan., 1901 type, from Djaguarasapa, Alto Parana, Paraguay, in coll. 

 of A. de W. Bertoni) refers to the juvenile stage of the same species. The author 

 (Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. 10) is inclined to identify it with M. gilvicollis. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 255 



Clamosocircus ruficollis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 145, 1925 Brazil to 

 northern Argentina and Paraguay (monog.). 



Clamosocircus guerilla jugularis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 152, 1925 

 part, Brazil. 



Range. Brazil, from southern Piauhy, Ceara, and Matto Grosso 

 to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay, and northern Argentina (San 

 Lorenzo, Jujuy; Tafi Viejo, Tucuman). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Brazil (Piraputanga, Matto Grosso, 

 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 1). 



*Micrastur gilvicollis gilvicollis (Vieillot). WHITE-THROATED 

 HARRIER-HAWK. 



Sparvius gilvicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 10, p. 323, 

 1817 no locality = Cayenne* (type in Paris Museum examined ;= adult); 

 idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1264, 1823; Pucheran, Rev. 

 Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 91, 1850 (crit.). 



Nisus concenlricus (Illiger MS.) Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 60, Feb., 

 1830 Cayenne (type in Paris Museum examined; descr. of immature); 

 d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame>. Merid., Ois., p. 178, 1835 Yuracares and Yungas, 

 Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 

 p. 4, 1837 Yungas and Moxos, Bolivia; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, 

 p. 51, 1862 Brazil and "Colombia" (crit.). 



Climacocercus concentricus Cabanis, in Tschudi, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., 

 livr. 7, p. 98, 1846 Bahia, Para, and Cayenne (descr.); idem, in Schom- 

 burgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 738, 1849 Surinam, Brazil, 

 and Peru; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 86, 1855 Para and 

 Bahia, Brazil. 



Micraslur gilvicollis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 261, 1857 Rio 

 Javarrf, Brazil; Pelzeln, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 10, 1865 Cayenne, 



1 M. r. ruficollis, in adult plumage, has a plumbeous (jugularis) and a rufous 

 "phase," as has first been pointed out by Ridgway (1875, pp. 491-492) and sub- 

 sequently by Sclater (Ibis, 1918, p. 346) and Hellmayr (Nov. Zool.. 28, pp. 179- 

 180, 1921). A series of ten skins from Bahia, including the two originals of Gurney's, 

 wonderfully illustrates the complete intergradation between these stages. It 

 appears, however, that the plumbeous variety is of rather unusual occurrence in 

 the southern part of the range, since nearly all of the numerous individuals from 

 Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catharina are in the rufous "phase." Still, an adult male 

 from Paraguay (Sapucay) and a female from Parana (Morretet, Serra do Mar) 

 resemble the plumbeous variety on the upper, the rufous one on the under parts. 

 The localities "Cayenne" and "Guiana" (cf. Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 290, 

 1908 ex Schlegel) are undoubtedly inaccurate, and whether this bird really 

 occurs near Para, as recorded by Mme. Snethlage, also requires confirmation. 



Additional material examined. Piauhy: Lagda Missao, Parnagua, 1. Bahia: 

 unspecified, 10. Rio de Janeiro, 6. Sao Paulo: Victoria, 1; Mattodentro, 2; 

 Ypanema, 2; Serra de Sao Sebastiao, 1; Corumbatahy, 1; Piracicaba, 1; Campos 

 do Jordao, Itatiaya, 1. Parana: Morretet, Serra do Mar, 1. Santa Catharina: 

 Joinville, 11. Paraguay: Sapucay, 1. 



2 Suggested as type locality by Hellmayr (Nov. Zool., 17, p. 410, 1910). 




256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



[Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso, Borba (Rio Madeira), and Sao Gabriel 

 (Rio Negro), Brazil (descr. of adult and young); Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Peru; iidem, 

 I.e., 1867, p. 590 Para; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1867 Matto Grosso, 

 Borba, and Sao Gabriel, Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1869, p. 368 Cayenne, eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (monog.; crit.); 

 iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 Peru (Rio Javarri, Sarayacu, Chamicuros) ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 78, 1874 Brazil (Para, Capim River), 

 Colombia ("Bogota"), and "Trinidad"; Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, 

 pp. 121-126, 1884 Peru (Sarayacu, Iquitos), Cayenne, British Guiana 

 (Camacusa, Bartica Grove, Demerara), and Ecuador (Sarayacu) (crit.; 

 meas.); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 162, 1884 Peru (Rio Javarri, 

 Sarayacu, Chamicuros, Amable Maria); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 75 Cama- 

 cusa and Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 8, p. 202, 1902 Taf i Viejo, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. 

 Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 61, 1905 Tafi Viejo; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 

 "1904," p. 450, 1905 Rio Jurua, Brazil; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 

 13, p. 124, 1906 Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru; Ihering, Cat. Faun. 

 Braz., 1, p. 86, 1907 part, Rio Jurua; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 405, 

 1907 Borba, Rio Madeira; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 290, 1908 Ipousin 

 (Approuague River) and Cayenne, French Guiana; Hellmayr, I.e., 17, 

 p. 410, 1910 Sao Izabel, Rio Preto, Rio Madeira (crit.); Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 241, 1910 Tucuman (ex Lillo); Menegaux, 

 Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 12, 1911 

 upper Napo, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. 

 Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 1912 Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 

 p. 126, 1914 Rio Xingu (Victoria), Rio Curud (Malocca de Manoelsinho), 

 and Rio Jary (Santo Antonio da Cachoeira); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 

 1, p. 223, 1916 Ituribisi, Supenaam, Berbice, Tiger Creek, Camacusa, 

 and Bartica Grove; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 16, 1919 (chars.; 

 range); Lima, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), p. 96, 1920 IlhSos to Bel- 

 monte [=Itabuna], Bahia; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 178, 1921 

 San Mateo, Yuracares, Bolivia (crit.; range); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 55, p. 222, 1926 part, upper Napo, Ecuador (not Nanegal); 

 Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 Rio Muriteua and 

 Para, Para; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 97, 1935 Rio Jucurucu 

 (Cachoeira Grande) and Itabuna, Bahia (crit.). 



Micrastur concentricus Pelzeln, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 8, 1865 

 Cayenne, Brazil (Marabitanas, Barra do Rio Negro, Para, near Rio de 

 Janeiro), and Bolivia (descr. of adult and young); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, 

 p. 7, 1868 Marabitanas, Barra do Rio Negro, and Para; Ridgway, Proc. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 81, 1873 (monog.); idem, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1875, p. 496 (monog.); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 

 p. 553 Amable Maria, Peru. 



Micrastur leucauchen (not Falco leucauchen Temminck) Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 367 part, Matto Grosso. 



Micrastur pelzelni Ridgway, Ibis, (3), 6, No. 1, p. 4, Jan., 1876 Sarayacu, 

 Rio Ucayali, Peru (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British 

 Museum, examined); idem, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 494, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 257 



pub. Mar. 14, 1876 Sarayacu (full descr.); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 

 1, p. 161, 1884 Sarayacu, Peru; Me"n6gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 

 14, p. 107, 1908 upper Rio Napo, Ecuador. 



Micrastur guerilla (not of Cassin) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 

 p. 242 Guajango, Peru. 



Micrastur intersies (not of Bangs) Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 223, 1916 

 Ituribisi, Anarica River, and Abary River (spec, examined). 1 



Micrastur ruficollis gilvicollis W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 346 Guiana and 

 Amazon Valley; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 105, 1930 

 Matto Grosso (ex Pelzeln); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 278, 1931 (range). 



Micrastur ruficollis (not Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot) Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 280 

 Charuplaya, La Paz, Bolivia (young). 



Climacocercus gilvicollis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 26, 1921 (chars.; range). 

 Clamosocircus gilvicollis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 149, 1925 (monog.). 



Micrastur plumbeus (not of Sclater) Neumann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, 

 p. 188, 1933 Bahia (crit.). 



Micraslur gilvicollis gilvicollis Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 

 (3), 22, p. 30, 1945 Joao Pessoa and Igarape do Gordao, Rio Jurua 

 (crit.). 



Range. French, Dutch, and British Guiana; the Amazon Valley 

 and its tributaries from the Para region west to the eastern base of 

 the Andes in Colombia (native Bogota collections), Ecuador 

 (Sarayacu, upper Napo), and eastern Peru (Iquitos; Sarayacu, Rio 

 Ucayali; Pozuzo and Chuchurras, Dept. Huanuco; Amable Maria, 

 Dept. Junin; 2 Rio Cadena, Marcapata; Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno), 

 south to western Matto Grosso (Villa Bella), eastern Bolivia (Yura- 

 cares, San Mateo), and northwestern Argentina (Tafi Viejo; Tucu- 

 man) ; 3 also sparingly recorded from Bahia (Rio Jucurucu, Itabuna) 

 and Rio de Janeiro, 4 eastern Brazil. 5 



1 In no wise different from those listed as M. gilvicollis. 



2 The Amable Maria specimen has lately been made the type of Micrastur 

 ruficollis Kalinowskii Dunajewski (Act. Orn. Mus. Zool. Pol., 2, No. 15, p. 319, 

 June 8, 1938), but the author fails to tell us how this supposed race differs from 

 M. g. gilvicollis in immature plumage. Adult birds from various parts of Peru 

 (pelzelni) we are unable to separate from a Guianan series. 



'Also recorded by Bertoni (Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. 10; Faun. Parag., 

 p. 42, 1914) from the Alto Parana, Paraguay, where it is said to be more common 

 than M. r. ruficollis! 



4 Sztolcman (Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 122, 1926) refers a single 

 young bird from Cara Pintada, Parana, to M. gilvicollis. 



6 The variation of the species has been the subject of investigations by various 

 authors. Pelzeln (1865) was the first to attempt the subdivision of the Grey- 

 throated Harrier-Hawk on the basis of the proportion of the tail and the number 

 of white tail-bands, and Neumann lately went even so far as to refer certain short- 

 tailed individuals from eastern Brazil (Bahia and Para) to M. plumbeus, of western 

 Ecuador. Intending to settle the problem, I took part of the Vienna Museum 




258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 10: British Guiana (Middle Base 

 Camp, Itabu Creek, 1); Brazil (Rio Curi Cuyari, Amazonas, 1; 

 Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 2; Igarape do 

 Gordao, Amazonas, 1; Obidos, Para, 2; Piquiatuba, Para, 2). 



material, together with the two Berlin specimens from Bahia and a couple of 

 adults from Aveiros, Rio Tapajoz, kindly lent for that purpose by Dr. Slresemann 

 and Count Gyldenstolpe, to London for comparison with the long series in the 

 British Museum. To begin with, I may recall the fact that, as has been recorded 

 in another place (Nov. Zool., 28, pp. 178-179, 1921), the types of S. gilvicollis 

 Vieillot and N. concentricus Lesson, on careful study, were both found to be long- 

 tailed individuals with three and four white tail-bands, respectively, the former 

 being adult, the latter immature. Furthermore, the identity of M. pelzelni with 

 M. gilvicollis has been set forth by me (Nov. Zool., 17, p. 410, 1910), and recent 

 re-examination of upper Amazonian material not only corroborates this conclusion, 

 but also shows that Ridgway's type, even in the decidedly gray color of the throat, 

 is exactly matched by occasional Guianan examples, notably one from Camacusa. 

 It remains only to discuss the east Brazilian birds identified by Neumann with 

 M. plumbeus. On comparing six skins (two from Para, two from Aveiros, Rio 

 Tapajoz, and two from Bahia) with Sclater's original series, I find them to differ 

 by somewhat darker (deep neutral gray to deep mouse gray) upper parts, longer 

 tail, and broader, more widely set dark and white pectoral bands. In tone of 

 dorsal surface and markings of under parts, they resemble M. gilvicollis, from 

 British Guiana, whence there is a huge series in the British Museum, but in 

 proportionate length of tail they occupy an intermediate position between gilvi- 

 collis and plumbeus, though an adult male from Bartica Grove has the tail just 

 as short (144 mm.) as those from Bahia! The only character they have in common 

 with plumbeus is the presence of only one (visible) white band across the middle 

 of the tail. However, there are two specimens from the Para region, collected by 

 A. R. Wallace, in the British Museum, which have the long, twice-banded tail 

 of gilvicollis (155, 170 mm. resp.), while a male secured by Natterer at Pard on 

 Dec. 10, 1835, is just intermediate in length and markings of the tail. Besides, 

 not all individuals occurring in eastern Brazil are of the short-tailed type, since 

 an adult shot by Zelebor near Rio de Janeiro has a long twice-banded tail (150 

 mm.), and Pinto (Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 99, 1936) records a similar specimen 

 (tail, 156 mm.) from Rio Jucurucu, Bahia. It is thus evident that the short- 

 tailed form with only one visible white band across the rectrices, though known 

 merely from south of the lower Amazon and Bahia, is not only associated with 

 M. gilvicollis in its range, but even connected with it by intermediates. Under 

 these circumstances, I cannot see in these individuals anything but local variants 

 of gilvicollis, approaching in a certain way M. g. plumbeus, which is clearly its 

 representative in western Ecuador. Finally, it may be mentioned that the majority 

 of these short-tailed birds have a second, well-developed white tail-band, wholly 

 concealed, however, by the upper tail coverts. In conclusion it may be added that 

 an adult male from Villa Bella de Matto Grosso (-M. leucauchen Sclater and 

 Salvin, adult male) differs from any of the numerous other specimens examined 

 by the much paler, more ashy coloration of the upper parts, sides of head, and 

 throat, and by the barring below, which as in some Guianan birds, extends unim- 

 paired from foreneck to under tail coverts, and is much lighter, mouse gray rather 

 than blackish. Whether this variation has any significance other than individual, 

 remains to be corroborated by adequate material from Matto Grosso. 



The occurrence of the Grey-throated Harrier-Hawk in part of the range of 

 M. r. ruficollis having been now established beyond doubt, I agree with Pinto 

 that M. gilvicollis must henceforth be regarded as specifically distinct. 



Additional material examined, French Guiana: Cayenne, 6; Ipousin, Approu- 

 ague River, 1. British Guiana: Camacusa, 5; Anarica River, 1; Ituribisi, 4; 

 Quonga, 2; Bartica Grove, 2; River Takutu, 2; Abary River, 1; Carimang River, 

 4; Berbice, 1; Tiger Creek, 1; Canuku Mountains, 1; Supenaam, 1 ; unspecified, 1. 

 Brazil: Para, 4; Rio Capim, Para, 1; Manaos, 1; Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro, 1; 

 Marabitanas, Rio Negro, 1; Aveiros, Rio Tapajoz, 2; Rio Curua, 1; Victoria, Rio 

 Xingu, 1; Borba, Rio Madeira, 2; Sao Izabel, Rio Preto, Rio Madeira, 1. C.E.H. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 259 



*Micrastur gilvicollis plumbeus W. L. Sclater. 1 PLUMBEOUS 

 HARRIER-HAWK. 



Micrastur plumbeus W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, p. 44, Mar., 1918 

 Rio Bogota, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (type in British Museum ex- 

 amined) ; idem, Ibis, 1918, p. 347, pi. 8 Carondelet, Rio Bogota, Ecuador; 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 222, 1926 Carondelet (ex 

 Sclater); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 278, 1931 (range); Bond and de Schauen- 

 see, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 92, p. 154, 1940 Rio Munchique, 

 Cauca, Colombia (crit.); Lehmann, Caldasia, 3, No. 12, p. 225, 1944 

 Guayana, Narino, Colombia (descr. of three examples). 



Climacocercus plumbeus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 26, 1921 (chars.; range). 



Clamasocircus plumbeus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 150, 1925 (monog.). 



Range. Tropical zone of the Cauca Valley, Colombia, and north- 

 western Ecuador (Rio Bogota, Bulun, and Rio Sapayo, Prov. 

 Esmeraldas). 



Field Museum Collection. 6: Colombia, Cauca (La Costa, El 

 Tambo, 3; Rio Munchique, 2; Munchique, 1). 



Subfamily DAPTRIINAE. Caracaras 



Genus DAPTRIUS Vieillot 



Daptrius Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Ele"m., p. 22, April, 1816 type, by 

 monotypy, Daptrius ater Vieillot. 



Ibycter Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. E16m., p. 22, April, 1816 type, by mono- 

 typy, "Petit Aigle de I'AmeYique" ~BuSon=Falco americanus Boddaert. 



Gymnops Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 11, 1827 type, by subs, desig. 

 (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 34, 1874), [Gymnops aterrimus Spix=] 

 Daptrius ater Vieillot. 



1 Micrastur gilvicollis plumbeus W. L. Sclater: Similar to the short- tailed 

 individuals of the nominate race, but above decidedly lighter gray, neutral gray 

 instead of deep mouse gray, hence paler and more bluish; chest and breast more 

 closely barred with deep neutral gray and white; tail shorter; bill markedly smaller. 

 Wing (sexes not reliable), 169-178; tail 125, 128, 132; bill (from cere), 15. 



The three specimens seen are very uniform. One has no trace of a second 

 white basal tail-band, which is suggested by short transverse markings on the 

 inner webs of the four or five outer rectrices in the type and another example. 

 All three have a distinct white band across the middle of the tail as is the case in 

 some Pard and Bahia skins of the nominate race. 



This form, while evidently a western race of gilvicollis, is quite distinct from 

 M. ruficollis guerilla, likewise found in western Ecuador, and differs, in addition 

 to the much shorter, one-banded tail, by paler, clear neutral gray upper parts 

 without the least trace of brown on either scapulars or remiges, and much more 

 closely and finely barred under surface, the dark bars being decidedly grayish, 

 deep neutral gray rather than blackish. This barring, becoming narrower, extends 

 along the flanks to the tibial feathers, but leaves the anal region and under tail 

 coverts wholly immaculate white. 



Additional material examined. Northwestern Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas: 

 Rio Bogota, 2; Bulun, 1. C.E.H. 




260 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 

 *Daptrius ater Vieillot. BLACK CARACARA. 



Daptrius ater Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. El&n., p. 68, April, 1816 "Bresil" 

 (descr. of adult); idem, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 16, p. 387, 

 Dec. 27, 1817 (type stated to be in the Paris Museum); idem and Oudart, 

 Gal. Ois., 1, (1), p. 19, pi. 5, 1820 (fig. of type); Cabanis, in Schomburgk, 

 Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 742, 1849 savanna; Peters, Proc. Biol. 

 Soc. Wash., 44, p. 24, 1931 (range); idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 278, 1931 

 (range); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 86, 1938 Rio Jurua and Santarem, 

 Brazil; Dugand, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 58, 1941 Llanos del Meta, Co- 

 lombia; idem, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 397, pi. 4, fig. 22, 

 1941 Colombia; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 

 22, p. 37, 1945 Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua (var. Amazonian loc.); idem, 

 I.e., 23, p. 55, 1945 El Desierto, El Beni, Bolivia. 



Daptrius striatus (Vieillot MS.) Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., 7, p. 10, 1817 

 (descr. of young; type in Paris Museum); Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. 

 Nat., nouv. e"d., 16, p. 387 (in text), Dec. 27, 1817 (descr. of young). 



Falco aterrimus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 7, pis. 37 (adult), 342 

 (young), Feb., 1821 "Bre'sil et la Guiane" (type in Paris Museum). 



Gymnops aterrimus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 11, 1824 Amazon River. 



Gymnops fasciatus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 10, pi. 9, 1824 "prope 

 ripam flum. Jurua," Brazil (descr. of young; type lost, formerly in Munich 

 Museum; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 

 22, No. 3, p. 570) (crit.). 



Milvago aterrimus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 39, 1855 

 Guiana and Colombia to Brazil (Rio Jurua). 



Ibycter ater Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, No. 9, Polybori, p. 7, 1862 Cayenne 

 and Surinam; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 135, 176, 

 1862 Matto Grosso (Engenho do Cap Gama, [Villa Bella de] Matto 

 Grosso), Rio Negro, and Barra, Brazil (soft parts); Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 upper Ucayali, Peru; Pelzeln r Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 2, 1867 Matto Grosso (Engenho do Cap Gama, [Villa Bella 

 de] Matto Grosso), Rio Negro, and Barra, Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 589, 979 Para, Brazil and Pebas, 

 Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 301 upper Ucayali and Pebas, Peru; Sharpe, 

 Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 35, 1874 (monog.); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 

 1, p. 103, 1884 Peru (upper Ucayali, Pebas); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 78 

 British Guiana (ex Schomburgk); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, 

 p. 105, 1889 lower Beni, Bolivia; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 

 9, p. Ill, 1902 Temblador and Nicare, Caura, Venezuela; Ihering, Cat. 

 Faun. Braz., 1, p. 83, 1907 Rio Jurua (crit.); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 

 14, p. 405, 1907 Borba, Rio Madeira; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 

 1908 Rio Purus (Bom Lugar, Monte Verde) and Monte Alegre, Brazil; 

 Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908 Cayenne; Beebe, Zoologica 

 (N.Y.), 1, p. 79, 1909 La Brea, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Hellmayr, 

 Nov. Zool., 17, p. 409, 1910 Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. 

 Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96, 1912 Para; Sneth- 

 lage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 124, 1914 Cussary, Rio Jamauchim and 

 Rio Purus (Bom Lugar, Monte Verde); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 261 



Inst., 2, p. 341, 1916 Orinoco region (La Brea, Delta; Temblador and 

 Nicare, Caura); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 215, 1916 Ituribisi 

 River, Supenaam, Bartica, Camacabra Creek, Hoobaboo River, and 

 Tiger Creek; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 8, 1919 Amazonia; idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 13, 1921 Amazonia; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 75, 1925 

 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 220, 1926 Rio Suno, 

 Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 452, 1929 

 Tury-assu, Maranhao; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 103, 

 1930 Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso. 



Ibycter (Daptrius) ater Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 1, No. 6, 

 2nd ser., p. 472, 1876 (monog.). 



Ibycter fasciatus Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, "1904," p. 400, 1905 Rio 

 Jurua (crit.). 



Range. The Guianas and southern Venezuela (Orinoco basin) 

 west to the eastern base of the east Colombian Andes, and south 

 through Brazilian Amazonia to northeastern Peru, northern Matto 

 Grosso, northeastern Bolivia (Esperanza; lower Beni), 1 and northern 

 Maranhao (Tury-assu). 2 



Field Museum Collection. 27: Colombia (Mitu, Vaupes, 1; 

 Apiay, Llanos del Meta, 1; Morelia, Caqueta, 2); Ecuador (Rio 

 Conumbo, Napo-Pastaza, 2); Peru (Rioja, San Martin, 1); Vene- 

 zuela (Orope, Tachira, 1); British Guiana (Maspapu, 1; Kalakoon, 1; 

 Rockstone, 1); Brazil (Conceicao, Amazonas, 2; Serra da Lua, 

 Amazonas, 1; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 5; Itacoatiara, Rio Ama- 

 zonas, 1; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1; Lago de Serpa, Amazonas, 

 1; Santo Antonio, Amazonas, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 1; Obidos, Pard, 1; 

 Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 1; Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1). 



1 To D. ater probably belongs Ibycter gymnocephalus d'Orbigny (Voy. Ame>. 

 Me>id., Ois., livr. 2, p. 50, 1835 plains of Moxos, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and 

 d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 2, 1837 "Cochabamba," 

 Bolivia), described from field observation without the actual taking of specimens 

 (cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 174, 1921). The Black Caracara was secured 

 by H. H. Rusby on the lower Beni and an adult shot by Goodfellow at Esperanza, 

 in the same general district of Bolivia, differs nowise from Guianan specimens. 



2 Spuza's record from Rio Grande do Sul (cf. Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 4, p. 392, 

 1870) is unquestionably erroneous (cf. Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 

 16, p. 139, 1900). 



Young birds have, in addition to buffy edges on throat and belly, the basal 

 half of the tail buffy, crossed by a varying number of black bands. Such an 

 individual was described by Spix as Gymnops fasciatus, though a name for this 

 stage already existed in Daptrius striatus Dumont. We have seen several specimens 

 from British Guiana. 



Additional material examined. British Guiana: Ituribisi River, 1; Tiger 

 Creek, 1; Supenaam, 1; Hoobaboo River, 1; Demerara, 2; Camacabra Creek, 1; 

 Cattp River, 1; Bartica Grove, 1; Rio Rupununi, 2; Annai, 1; unspecified, 2. 

 Brazil: Obidos, 1; Para, 2; Manaos, 1. Colombia: "Bogota," 2. Ecuador: 

 Sarayacu, 2. Peru: Pebas, 1. Bolivia: Esperanza, 1. 




262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



*Daptrius americanus guatemalensis (Swarm). 1 NORTHERN 

 RED-THROATED CARACARA. 



Ibycter americanus guatemalensis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 14, Sept. 28, 1921 

 Guatemala (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in Museum of Comparative 

 Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 78, 1925 

 (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 149, 1932 Finca El 

 Espino, Guatemala; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 211, 1932 

 Turkey River and Santa Rosita, Nicaragua. 



Ibycter americanus (not Falco americanus Boddaert) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 

 1859, p. 214 Pacific region of Guatemala; Taylor, I.e., 1860, p. 223 

 Taulevi, Honduras; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 288, 

 1861 Panama Railroad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 

 p. 369 Lion Hill, Panama; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, 

 p. 132, 1868 San Jose, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 367, 

 1869 Guaitfl and Guanacaste, Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1870, p. 214 Mina de Chorcha, Chiriquf; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., p. 838 

 Honduras; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 35, 1874 part, Central 

 America (spec, e, Veragua) ; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 (2), 1, No. 6, p. 470, 1876 part, Panama Railroad, Chiriquf, and Costa 

 Rica (Talamanca); Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 408, 1884 

 Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 125, 

 1887 Costa Rica (Jimenez, Tacares de Alajuela, Pozo Azul de Pirrfs); 

 Lantz, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 219, 1899 Naranjo, Guatemala; 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 128, 1901 part, 

 Guatemala (Savana Grande, Retalhuleu) to Panama (Lion Hill); Bangs, 

 Auk, 18, p. 358, 1901 Divala, Chiriquf; idem, Proc. New Eng. Zool. 

 Cl., 3, p. 19, 1902 Bogaba, Chiriquf; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 6, p. 451, 1910 Costa Rica (Bonilla, Pozo Azul de Pirrfs, Cariblanco de 

 Sarapiquf, El Hogar); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 248, 

 1918 Rio Indis, Gatun, Panama; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 8, 1919 

 part, Central America; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 10, 1919 

 Pacuare, Costa Rica. 



Daptrius americanus americanus Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 308, 

 1931 Almirante, Panama. 



Daptrius americanus guatemalensis Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, p. 25, 

 1931 Guatemala to the Canal Zone (crit.); idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 278, 

 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 Panama 

 east to Canal Zone; Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 7, p. 50, 

 1937 Paracote, Azuero, Panama (crit.). 



Range. Tropical zone of Central America from Guatemala to 

 the Canal Zone, Panama. 



Field Museum Collection. 5: Guatemala (Conception del Mar, 

 Escuintla, 1; Tiquisate, Escuintla, 1); Costa Rica (San Carlos, 

 Alajuela, 1); Panama (Bogaba, Chiriqui, 1; Veraguas, 1). 



1 Daptrius americanus guatemalensis (Swann), a very poor race, merely differs 

 from the nominate form by on average larger size, though this does not hold in 

 a good many individuals. Wing (males): 350, Lion Hill; 355, 360, Chiriquf; 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 263 



*Daptrius americanus americanus (Boddaert). RED-THROATED 

 CARACARA. 



Falco americanus Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., p. 25, 1783 based on "Le Petit 



Aigle d'Ame'rique" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 417,. Cayenne. 

 Falco aquilinus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 280, 1788 based on "Petit 



Aigle d'Amerique" Buff on and Daubenton (pi. 417), and "Red-throated 



Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 97, Cayenne. 

 Falco formosus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 38, 1790 new name tor Falco aquilinus 



Gmelin; Shaw and Nodder, Natur. Misc., 12, pi. 485, 1801. 

 Falco nudicollis Daudin, TraitS E16m. d'Orn., 2, pp. 79, 177, 1800 "Cayenne 



et toute la Guiane, .... aussi a 1'ile de Trinidad" (errore) (type in Paris 



Museum); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 153, 1830 Rio Pardo, 



Barra da Vareda, and IlhSos, Bahia (habits); Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. 



Guiana, 2, p. 365, 1848 above Aripai, Rio Rupununi. 

 Ibycter leucogaster Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 29, p. 9, 1819 



new name lor Falco formosus Lath, and Falco aquilinus "Lin." [= Gmelin]; 



idem and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), p. 20, pi. 6, 1820 Guiana. 

 Gymnops aquilinus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 11, 1824 in provincia 



Piauhy, Brazil. 

 Ibycter aquilinus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 742, 



1849 Aruka River; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 133 



Turbo and Rio Truando, Colombia. 



Milvago nudicollis Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 37, 1855 

 Para. 



Ibycter americanus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 16, 1857 Bogota; 

 idem, I.e., 26, p. 451, 1858 Gualaquiza, Ecuador; Schlegel, Mus. Pays- 

 Bas, Polybori, p. 9, 1862 Surinam and Cayenne; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. 

 Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 134, 176, 1862 Sao Paulo (Rio Parana), Matto 

 Grosso (Engenho do Gama, [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso), and Rio 

 Madeira (Borba); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1867 same localities; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 upper Ucayali, Peru; 

 iidem, I.e., 1867, pp. 589, 753 Para, Brazil and Chyavetas, Peru; iidem, 

 I.e., 1873, p. 301 upper Ucayali and Chyavetas, Peru; Taczanowski, 

 I.e., 1874, p. 550 Monterico, Ayacucho, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 35, 1874 part, Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia; Ridgway, 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 470, 1876 part, 

 Colombia (Truando) and Ecuador (Guayaquil); Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541 Medellin, Remedies, and Rio Neche, 

 Antioquia, Colombia; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 103, 1884 Peru 

 (Monterico, upper Ucayali, Chyavetas); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 77 

 Bartica Grove and Camacusa, British Guiana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 344, 1899 Sao Paulo; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 27, 1900 Rio Zamora, Ecuador; Berlepsch and 

 Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 Chanchamayo, 



378, Costa Rica (Peje); 375, Guatemala (Retalhuleu). Two adult females from 

 Guatemala (Savanna Grande) have wings of 380 and 385. 




264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Junfn, Peru; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 112, 1902 Perico, 

 Orinoco, and Rapids of Piritu, Caura, Venezuela; Hartert, I.e., 9, p. 605, 

 1902 San Javier, Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903, p. 497 

 Rio Capim, Para; Mene"gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 108, 

 1904 St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 

 6, "1904," p. 450, 1905 Rio Jurua, Brazil; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, 

 p. 83, 1907 Sao Paulo (Itapura, Rio Feio, Salto Grande do Paranapa- 

 nema) and Amazonas (Rio Jurua); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 

 1908 Cayenne and St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Hellmayr, 

 I.e., 17, p. 409, 1910 Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. 

 Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 77, 96, 1912 Jambu-assu, Pari; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 124, 1914 Para, Peixe-Boi, Rio 

 Guama (Ourem), Rio Capim, Rio Moju, and Rio Jamauchim (Santa 

 Helena), Brazil; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 341, 1916 

 Rapids of Apures and Maipures, Orinoco; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 p. 216, 1916 Ituribisi River, Bartica, Camacabra River, Cako River, 

 Demerara, and Camacusa; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 239, 

 1917 Salaquf, Puerto Valdivia, and La Morelia, Colombia; Bangs and 

 Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 35, 1918 near Tweede Rijweg, 

 Surinam; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 8, 1919 part, South America; 

 Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 1922 near Napo 

 Village, road to Gualea, and Alonguinche (south of Mojanda), Ecuador; 

 Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 164, 1922 Tucurinca, 

 Santa Marta, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 

 1928 Castanhal, Para. 



Ibycter formosus Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 176, 1862 

 Cayenne and Sao Paulo (Ypanema and Goyabeira) (soft parts); idem, 

 Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1867 same localities. 



Ibicter americanus Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, 

 p. 88, 1910 Piauhy (Santa Philomena) and Maranhao (Barroca do 

 Maranhao). 



Ibycter americanus americanus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 14, 1921 (range); 

 Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 194, 1922 Jesusito, 

 Darien; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 77, 1925 (monog.); Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 220, 1926 Esmeraldas, Pato de Pajaro, 

 Rio de Oro, Rio Suno, and below San Jose", Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 452, 1929 Maranhao (Grajahu; 

 Fazenda Inhuma, Alto Parnahyba) (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 69, p. 157, 1929 Cana, Darien; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 60, p. 103, 1930 Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso; Griscom, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 318, 1932 Obaldia and Ranchon, Darien. 



Ibycter americanus formosus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 78, 1925 

 southern Brazil. 



Daptrius americanus americanus Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, p. 25, 

 1931 (crit.); idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 279, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 extreme eastern Panama; Pinto, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 50, 1936 Rio das Almas, Goyaz (crit.); idem, 

 I.e., 22, p. 87, 1938 Rio Jurua, Rio Pardo (Bahia), Rio das Almas (Goyaz), 

 Rio Feio, Itapura, and Salto Grande (Sao Paulo), Brazil; Gyldenstolpe, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 265 



K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 37, 1945 Brazil (Joao 

 Pessoa and Santo Antonio, Rio Jurua; var. Amazon loc.) (disc.). 

 Daptrius americanus Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 397, 

 pi. 4, fig. 24, 1941 Colombia. 



Range. Tropical South America from extreme eastern Panama 

 (Darien) south to central Peru (depts. Junfn and Ayacucho) and 

 through Venezuela and the Guianas south to Matto Grosso and Sao 

 Paulo, Brazil. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 26: Colombia (Rio Jurado, Choco, 3; 

 Serra de Baudo, 1; Laticia, Amazonas, 1); Ecuador (Lambarandon, 

 Guayas, 1); Peru (Yurimaguas, Loreto, 1); Venezuela (Rio Cata- 

 tumbo, Zulia, 1); British Guiana (Mazaruni River, 1; Demerara 

 River, 1; Hyde Park, 1; Itabu Creek, Middle Base Camp, 1; Itabu 

 Creek, Head Boundary Camp, 1); Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; 

 San Antonio, Rio Eiru, 1; Igarape da Gordao, Amazonas, 1; Joao 

 Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 2; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 3; Taparinha, 

 Para, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 2; Grajahu Liberia, Maranhao, 1; In- 

 huma, Alto Parnahyba, Maranhao, 1). 



Genus MILVAGO Spix 2 



Milvago Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 12, 1824 type, by monotypy, 

 Milvago ochrocephalus Spix= Polyborus chimachima (Vieillot). 



*Milvago chimango chimango (Vieillot). CHIMANGO CARACARA. 



Polyborus chimango Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 5, p. 260, 

 Dec. 14, 1816 based on "Chimango" Azara, No. 5, rare in Paraguay, 

 but common on the La Plata River; 3 d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame>. Me>id., Ois., 

 p. 60, 1835 Argentina and coast of Chile and "Peru" (=Arica, Tacna); 

 Philippi, Reise Wiiste Atacama, p. 161, 1860 Quebrada de la Encantada, 

 Atacama, Chile; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, livr. 2, Polybori, p. 6, 1862 



1 The supposedly larger size of specimens from eastern and southern Brazil 

 proves to be non-existent. Two adult females from Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo 

 respectively have wings of 360 and 365 mm., thus agreeing with the maximum 

 figures of Guianan birds. 



Additional material examined. French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. Dutch Guiana: 

 Maroni River, 1. British Guiana: Camacusa, 1; Bartica Grove, 3; Cako River, 1; 

 Demerara, 2; Camacabra River, 2; Ituribisi, 2; Moraballi, Essequibo River, 1. 

 Venezuela: Palmar, M6rida, 1. Colombia: Neche, 1. Ecuador: Guayaquil, 1; 

 Sarayacu, 2. Peru: Rio PerenS, Junfn, 1. Brazil: Para, 1; Manaos, 1; Santa 

 Philomena, Piauhy, 1; Barroca do Maranhao, Rio Parnahyba, Maranhao, 1; 

 Rio de Janeiro, 1; Ypanem&, Sao Paulo, 1. 



2 Cf. Sushkin, Nouv. Me"m. Soc. Natur. Moscou, 16, livr. 4, p. 181, 1905 

 (osteol.; morph.). 



8 La Plata River designated as type locality by Brodkorb (Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 Wash., 52, p. 83, 1939). 




266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Paraguay and Chile; Philippi, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 Quebrada de la 

 Encantada, Atacama. 



Aquila pezopora Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 16, 

 Suppl., p. 62, pi. 16, 1834 plains of Mapocho, particularly in the vicinity 

 of Santiago, Chile (type in Berlin Museum). 



Milvago chimango Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 14, 1838 part, Mal- 

 donado, Uruguay; Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, p. 61, 1848 Chile; Bibra, 

 Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 128, 1855 road from 

 Valparaiso to Santiago, Chile; Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Ast. Exp., 2, p. 174, 

 1855 Chile; Germain, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 309, 1860 Santiago, 

 Chile (breeding habits); Pelzeln, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 61, 1865 

 Chile; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile (in part); 

 idem and Salvin, I.e., 1868, p. 143 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; Hudson, 

 I.e., 1872, p. 536 Rio Negro (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. 

 Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 467, 1876 (monog.; in part); Durnford, 

 Ibis, 1876, p. 161 Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1877, pp. 40, 188 Chubut 

 Valley and Baradero, Buenos Aires; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 559, 

 1877 Cauquenes, Colchagua, Chile; Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 398 

 Chubut, Patagonia; Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 420 Cape San Antonio, 

 Buenos Aires; Doering, in Roca, Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 1881 

 Rio Colorado and Rio Negro; Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 6, 

 p. 237, 1881 Est. de la Tala, Uruguay (eggs descr.); White, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 623 Salto and Punta Lara, Buenos Aires; Barrow, 

 Auk, 1, p. Ill, 1884 Concepci6n del Uruguay, Entre Rfos; Taczanowski, 

 Orn. Per., 1, p. 97, 1884 Arica, Peru (ex d'Orbigny); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, 

 p. 282 Paysandu, Uruguay; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, 

 p. 172, 1885 Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 

 470 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 

 2, p. 74, 1889 (habits); Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cordoba, 

 10, p. 396, 1890 Cordoba; Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 425 Espartillar, 

 Buenos Aires; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 38, p. 115, 1891 C6rdoba; Holland, 

 Ibis, 1892, p. 204 Espartillar, Buenos Aires (habits); Aplin, Ibis, 1894, 

 p. 196 Uruguay (Santa Elena, Rio Negro, Santa Florencia); Koslowsky, 

 Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 285, 1895 Chilecito, La Rioja; Reed, Anal. 

 Mus. Chile, 93, p. 206, 1896 Chile (in part); Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 181 

 part, central Chile; Gosse, in Fitz Gerald, The Highest Andes, p. 343, 

 1899 Puente del Inca, Mendoza; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 296, 

 1901 Chile (in part); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 202, 

 1902 Rio Salf, Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 

 Oran, Salta; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 229, 1904 Tucuman; Lillo, Rev. Letr. 

 Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 269, 1905 Rio Salf, Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. 

 Faun. Braz., 1, p. 84, 1907 (range); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 

 16, p. 238, 1909 Barracas al Sud and Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. 

 Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 241, 1910 Argentina (in part); Chubb, Ibis, 

 1910, p. 69 Ybitimf, Paraguay; Grant, I.e., 1911, p. 333 Los Yngleses, 

 Ajo, Buenos Aires; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Paraguay; Scott 

 and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 582, 1915 

 (in part); Reed, Av. Mendoza, p. 20, 1916 Mendoza; Marelli, El Hornero, 

 1, p. 77, 1918 Curuzu-Cuatia, Corrientes; Dabbene, I.e., p. 95, 1918 

 Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires; Sanzin, I.e., p. 149, 1918 Mendoza; 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 267 



Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 279 Mendoza; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 513 Cape 

 San Antonio, Buenos Aires (habits); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 9, 1919 

 (in part); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 Uruguay (Canelones, 

 Florida, Flores, San Jos6, Maldonado, Minas, Cerro Largo); Renard, I.e., 



2, p. 59, 1920 Canuelas, Buenos Aires; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 

 24, p. 48, 1920 Nilahue, Curic6, Chile; idem, I.e., 25, p. 175, 1921 

 Precordillera of Aconcagua, Chile; Daguerre, El Hornero, 2, p. 265, 

 1922 Rosas, Buenos Aires; Serte and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 43, 1923 Santa 

 Elena, Entre RIos; Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 77, 1923 La Rioja; Pereyra, 

 I.e., 3, p. 164, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Serie, I.e., 3, p. 189, 1923 

 Cacharf, Buenos Aires; Wilson, I.e., 3, p. 192, 1923 (habits); Daguerre, I.e., 



3, p. 252, 1924 Rosas (habits); Menegaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 1925, 

 p. 283 Colonia Dora, Santiago del Estero; Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. 

 Nat., 29, p. 142, 1925 San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile; Wilson, El Hornero, 

 3, p. 355, 1926 Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. 

 Publ. for 1922-23, p. 628, 1927 Buenos Aires; Jaffuel and Pirion, Rev. 

 Chil. Hist. Nat., 31, p. 103, 1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, 

 Chile; Castellanos, El Hornero, 5, p. 8, 1932 Valle de los Reartes, 

 Cordoba. 



Milvago pezoporos Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 1843 Chile 

 [=Colchagua]; Yarrell, I.e., 15, p. 52, 1847 Chile (eggdescr.); Burmeister, 

 Journ. Orn., 8, p. 241, 1860 Argentina; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, 

 p. 434, 1861 from Banda Oriental to Mendoza; Holmberg, Nat. Arg., 

 1, p. 94, 1870 Valle de Lerma, Salta; Doering, Period. Zool., 1, p. 246, 

 1874 Barrancas, Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes. 



Caracara chimango Des Murs, in Gay, Hist.-Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 211, 

 1847 part, northern Chile; Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 

 Chile (in part); Lataste, Act. Soc. Sci. Chil., 3, pp. cxiv, cxv, 1894 

 Bureo (Chilian), Nuble, and Ninhue (Itata), Maule, Chile; Waugh and 

 Lataste, I.e., 4, pp. Ixxxiii, clxix, 1894 Penaflor, Santiago, and San Alfonso 

 (Quillota), Valparaiso; Lataste, I.e., 5, p. Ix, 1895 Itata, Maule, Chile. 



Ibycter chimango Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 41, 1874 (in part); idem, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 10 part, Talcaguano, Chile; Holmberg, 

 Act. Acad. Nac. C6rdoba, 5, p. 75, 1884 Tandfl, Buenos Aires; Schalow, 

 Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 693, 1898 Coquimbo (La Serena) and Santiago, 

 Chile; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Mundo 

 Novo and Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul. 



Milvago chimango chimango Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 16, 1921 (in part); Paessler, 

 Journ. Orn., 70, p. 448, 1922 Coronel, Chile (breeding habits); Peters, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 304, 1923 Rio Negro; Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 1, p. 91, 1925 (excl. of Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands); 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 92, 1926 Buenos Aires (Guaminf, 

 etc.), Santa F6, Rio Negro (General Roca), Neuqu6n (Zapala), La Pampa 

 (Victorica), Mendoza (Tunuyan), and Chile (Concon); idem, Univ. Calif. 

 Pub. Zool., 24, p. 420, 1926 Valcheta, Rio Negro and Lago Mosquitos 

 (Cholila), Chubut; Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 156, 1927 

 Buenos Aires (Ajo Berisso, Dolores), Tucuman (San Pablo, Rio Lules, 

 Conception, Rio de Gastone), Entre Rfos (Santa Elena, Santa Sofia), etc.; 

 Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., V6gel, p. 93, 1930 




268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



La Germania and Galvez, Santa Fe; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 279, 1931 

 (range in part); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 286, 

 1932 Chile (Atacama to Concepcion); Marelli, El Hornero, 5, p. 194, 

 1933 Sierra de la Ventana, Fortin Chaco, and Saldungaray, Buenos 

 Aires; Laubmann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 285, 1934 Est. La Geral- 

 dina, Santa F6; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 465, 1936 Buenos Aires (La Plata, Bahia San Bias), Rio Negro, 

 and Mendoza (Viluco). 



Range. Northern 1 and central Chile south to about Concepcion; 

 Paraguay; 2 Uruguay; extreme southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), 3 

 and Argentina south to the Chubut River. 



Field Museum Collection. 11: Chile, Concepcion (Hacienda 

 Gualpencillo, 2; Concepcion, 1); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 

 2; Noetinger, Cordoba, 1; Papin, Buenos Aires, 1; Estancia la Maria 

 Luisa, Buenos Aires, 1); Uruguay (Dolores, Soriano, 1; Garzon, 

 Rocha, 1; Piedra del Toro, Canelones, 1). 



*Milvago chimango temucoensis W. L. Sclater. 4 TEMUCO 

 CARRION-HAWK. 



Milvago chimango temucoensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, p. 43, 

 March 4, 1918 Pelal, near Temuco, Cautfn, Chile (type in British 



1 As far north as Arica, according to d'Orbigny, though more recently not 

 found beyond Atacama. The Arica record is responsible for its inclusion in the 

 Peruvian fauna. Tschudi expressly states having met with the bird only in Chile. 



2 Brodkorb (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 52, p. 83, June 5, 1939) has separated 

 the Paraguayan birds under the name Milvago chimango azarae (type from 25 km. 

 east of Rosario, Paraguay, in the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan). 

 It is said to be smaller than examples from Argentina and Chile; to have the 

 pileum, back and upper wing coverts darker, more sooty (less reddish brown); 

 the hind neck and sides of neck darker and grayer; the light bars on upper tail 

 coverts much less rufous and the dark bars blacker; the breast and abdomen 

 much darker and sootier (less reddish brown) and the shaft streaks to the feathers 

 blackish, instead of brown, etc. 



Unfortunately, there is no material in Field Museum for comparison but 

 Dr. Hellmayr seemed to notice no difference in the four Paraguayan birds he 

 examined. B . C . 



3 Birds from central Chile, including two from Concepcion and one from 

 Talcaguano, seem to be inseparable from a topo typical Argentine series and others 

 from Paraguay. Two adults from western Chubut (Lago Blanco) and one from 

 Nahuel Huapi cannot be distinguished from numerous Buenos Aires specimens, 

 and it appears therefore that the range of the nominate race extends down to 

 the Chubut Valley. Two skins from Rio Grande do Sul are also quite typical. 



Additional material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Mundo Novo, 1; 

 Pedras Brancas, 1. Paraguay: Ybitimi, 1; Villa Rica, 3. Argentina: Conchitas, 

 Buenos Aires, 1; Los Ingleses, Ajo, 10; Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, 1; Tuyu, 

 Ajo, 1; Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires, 1; Mendoza, 1; Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, 1; 

 Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 2. Chile: Hacienda Mansel, near Hospital, 

 Santiago, 1; Santiago, 1; central Chile, 7; Talcaguano, Concepcion, 1. C.E.H. 



4 Milvago chimango temucoensis W. L. Sclater: Easily distinguished by its 

 richer, more saturated coloration, the brown of the back being decidedly darker, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 269 



Museum examined); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 16, 1921 Chile; idem, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 93, 1925 southern Chile; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. 

 Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 94 (in text), 1930 Fundo Esmeraldo, 

 Osorno, Llanquihue (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 279, 1931 southern 

 Chile; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 287, 1932 

 Concepcion to Straits of Magellan (crit.); Reynolds, Ibis, 1932, p. 36 

 Woodcock Island, Beagle Channel; idem, El Hornero, 5, p. 348, 1934 

 Isla de los Conejos and Tierra del Fuego (Yewin) ; idem, Ibis, 1935, p. 78 

 Wollaston Island, Cape Horn; Bullock, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 39, p. 241, 

 1935 Isla la Mocha, Arauco, Chile; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 468, 1936 (range); Castellanos, El Hornero, 6, p. 

 386, 1937 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego. 



Milvago chimango (not Polyborus chimango Vieillot) Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 

 3, Birds, p. 14, 1838 part, Chilo6 Island; Hartlaub, Naumannia, 3, 

 p. 209, 1853 Valdivia, Chile; Boeck, I.e., 1855, p. 496 ChiloS Island; 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile (in part); 

 Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1868, p. 187 Sandy Point; iidem, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 435 Puerto Bueno and Sandy Point, Straits of 

 Magellan; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, 

 p. 467, 1876 (in part); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 136, 

 Feb., 1890 Laredo Bay, Straits of Magellan; Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap 

 Horn, 6, p. B.15, 1891 Hoste Island (New Year Sound, Orange Bay), 

 Wollaston Island (Gretton Bay), and Tierra del Fuego (Ushuaia); Reed, 

 Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 206, 1896 Chile (in part); Salvadori, Ann. Mus. 

 Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 613, 1900 Punta Arenas and Hoste Island, 

 Beagle Channel; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 354, 

 1902 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 7, 

 1907 Tierra del Fuego; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 241, 1910 part, Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego; Scott and Sharpe, 

 Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 582, 1915 (in part); Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 9, 1919 (in part). 



Milvago pezoporos (not Aquila pezopora Meyen) Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, 

 Birds, p. 13, 1838 (?)Port Desire, Patagonia, and (certe) Tierra del 

 Fuego. 



Polyborus chimango Tschudi, Peru. Reiseskizzen, 1, p. 6, 1846 Ancud, Chilo6 

 Island; idem, Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 79, 1846 part, southern Chile and 

 ChiloS Island. 



and the chest of a deeper rufous brown, while the transverse barring underneath 

 is much more strongly marked and extends down to the tibial feathers. 



Birds from the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego are identical with the 

 typical series from Temuco, and it is strange that Swann, when writing the ac- 

 count of these birds, did not recognize this fact. 



The labels of the Darwinian specimens in the British Museum probably have 

 been transposed, since the bird said to be from "Maldonado, Uruguay" certainly 

 is referable to M. c. temucoensis, while the one labeled "Port Desire" is an exceed- 

 ingly well-marked, pale example of the nominate race. 



Additional material examined. Chile: Maquegua, Arauco, 1; Maquehue, 

 Temuco, 4; Pelal, Temuco, 1; Corral, Valdivia, 1; Osorno, Llanquihue, 4. 

 Straits of Magellan: Elizabeth Island, 1; Puerto Bueno, 2; Cockle Cove, 1; 

 Molineux Sound, Smythe's Channel, 1; Sandy Point, 1. Tierra del Fuego: 

 Viamonte, 1. 




270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Caracara chimango Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 211, 



1847 part, southern Chile to Straits of Magellan; Philippi, Anal. Univ. 



Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 Chile (in part). 

 Ibycter chimango Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 41, 1874 (in part); idem, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 10 part, Cockle Cove, Straits of Magellan; 



Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 44 Molineux Sound, Smythe's Channel. 



Range. Forested zone of southern Chile, from Conception south 

 to the Straits of Magellan, Tierra del Fuego, and Cape Horn Islands. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 4: ' Chile (Curacautin, Cautin, 1; 

 Pucon, Cautin, 1; Rio Inio, Chiloe Island, 1; Quellon, Chiloe Island, 



1). 



*Milvago chimachima cordatus Bangs and Penard. 2 PANAMA 

 CARACARA. 



Milvago chimachima cordata(us) Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 62, p. 35, April, 1918 San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama (type in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 15, 1921 Panama; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 14, p. 163, 1922 Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 89, 1925 Panama to British Guiana; Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 279, 1931 (range); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 369, 

 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Auk, 50, p. 303, 1933 

 Rio Chepo, Darien; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 

 [arid tropical zone of] Pacific slope of Panama; Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland 

 Mus. N. H., 7, p. 51, 1937 Paracote 1 , Azuero Peninsula, Panama; Murphy, 

 Auk, 62, p. 116, 1945 Panama (San Miguel and La Vivienda, Pearl 

 Islands). 



Milvago chimachima (not Polyborus chimachima Vieillot) Cabanis, in Schom- 

 burgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 742, 1849 savanna; Pelzeln, 



1 There is no record of the occurrence of this hawk in the Falkland Islands, 

 and Swann's note on its breeding there must be due to confusion. Bennett, whom 

 he quotes as authority, does not list the species at all in his papers (Ibis, 1926, 

 pp. 306-333; 1931, pp. 12-13). 



2 Milvago chimachima cordatus Bangs and Penard is a very poor race. While 

 most of the alleged characters (browner upper parts; color of upper tail coverts 

 and under wing coverts) do not hold at all, it cannot be denied that birds from 

 Panama to the Amazon are generally of a more deeply buffy coloration under- 

 neath, if specimens in corresponding plumage be compared. Single individuals, 

 however, are not always distinguishable, one from Rio de Janeiro and another 

 from Sao Paulo being just as deeply buff below as any cordatus. Birds from 

 British Guiana and Obidos compare well with those of Panama and Colombia. 



We cannot perceive any constant difference between the various races in the 

 color of the light streaking in the juvenile plumage nor does size offer a reliable 

 criterion for their segregation. 



Additional material examined. Panama: Calobre, Veraguas, 2; Chepo, 1; 

 Bay of Panama, 1. Colombia: Valencia, Santa Marta, 2; Cauca, 1; Jime'nez, 1; 

 Anolaima, 1; Bogota, 3. Venezuela: La Ortiza (San Cristobal), Tachira, 1; 

 Caracas, 1. British Guiana: Abary River, 4; Manarica, 1; Supenaam, 1; Ituribisi, 

 1; Waremia, 1; Demerara, 1; Essequibo River, 1; Upper Takutu Mountains, 2; 

 unspecified, 1. Brazil: Obidos, 1; Manaos, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 271 



Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 177, 1862 part, Barra do Rio Negro; 

 idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1867 part, Barra do Rio Negro; Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 569 part, Barra do Rio Negro; 

 Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 214 Cal6bre, Veraguas; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 

 eastern Andes of Colombia (Santander); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. 

 Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 468, 1876 part, Cal6bre, Veragua; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541 Cauca, Colombia; 

 Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 177 Valencia, Santa Marta, Colombia; 

 Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 316, 1884 Bucaramanga, Colombia; 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 79 Merum6 Mountains, British Guiana; Robinson, 

 Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 155, 1895 Barranquilla, Colombia; Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 127, 1901 Panama (Cal6bre, 

 Chepo, Bay of Panama); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 112, 

 1902 Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, and Ciudad Bolivar, 

 Venezuela; Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 20, 1902 Sona, Chiri- 

 qui; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 144, 1905 San 

 Miguel and Saboga Island, Pearl Archipelago; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. 

 Goeldi, 8, p. 124, 1914 part, Jg. de Paituna, Brazil; Chubb, Bds. Brit. 

 Guiana, 1, p. 217, 1916 Upper Takutu River, Ituribisi, Bonasika, Abary 

 River, Anarika River, Essequibo, and Merum6 Mountains; Cherrie, Sci. 

 Bull., Mus. Brooklyn Inst., 2, p. 341, 1916 Orinoco region, Venezuela; 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 239, 1917 Colombia (San 

 Antonio; Cali; La Manuelita; La Palma; Chit-oral, Honda, and Calamar, 

 Magdalena Valley; Barrigon); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 9, 1919 (in 

 part); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 19, 1920 Viveros, Trapiche, 

 and San Jos6 Island, Pearl Archipelago; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 6 coast- 

 land of British Guiana (nest, eggs); Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., 

 Bogota, 4, p. 397, pi. 4, fig. 23, 1941 Colombia. 



Milvago chimango (lapsu) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 

 p. 252 Lake of Valencia, Venezuela. 



Milvago chimachima chimachima Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 15, 1921 part, 

 Panama to Guiana. 



Range. Panama (including the Pearl Islands) south to Colombia 

 and east through Venezuela to British Guiana and southward to 

 the north bank of the Amazon (Obidos; Manaos). 



Field Museum Collection. 29: Colombia (Cali, Cauca, 1; San 

 Antonio, Cauca, 1; El Tambo, Cauca, 8; Rio Patio, Narino, 1; 

 Cucuta, Santander, 1); Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua, 2; Colon, 

 Tachira, 1); British Guiana (Georgetown, 2; Kingston, 1; Buxton, 

 2); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Amazonas, 2; Itacoatiara, Ama- 

 zonas, 1; Obidos, Para, 2; Igarape Aniba, 4). 



Milvago chimachima paludivagus Penard. 1 SURINAM CARACARA. 



1 Milvago chimachima paludivagw Penard: Stated to be similar to M. c. 

 cordatus but perhaps smaller, with the upper parts more blackish, less brownish. 

 Wing, (male) 256-258; tail, 180-194. We have no adequate material to judge the 

 value of this form. A single adult from Cayenne certainly is indistinguishable 




272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Milvago chimachima paludivaga Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 8, p. 36, 



Feb. 6, 1923 Erste Rijweg, Paramaribo, Surinam (type in Museum of 



Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 279, 



1931 (range). 

 Polyborus chimachima (not of Vieillot) Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, 



p. 5, 1862 part, No. 4, Surinam. 



Ibycter chimachima Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, p. 161 Amapa. 

 Milvago chimachima Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908 Approuague, 



French Guiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 124, 1914 part, 



Amapa. 

 Milvago chimachima chimachima Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 



62, p. 35, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo. 



Range. Dutch and French Guiana and extreme northern Brazil 

 (Rocana, Ouassa Swamp, and Amapa, northern Para). 



*Milvago chimachima chimachima (Vieillot). CHIMACHIMA 

 CARACARA. 



Polyborus chimachima Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 5, p. 259, 

 Dec. 14, 1816 based on "Chimachima" Azara, No. 6, Paraguay; d'Or- 

 bigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 63, 1835 near the confines of Para- 

 guay (not south of 28 S. Lat.) and Bolivia (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Chi- 

 quitos); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 5, 1862 part, spec. Nos. 

 1-3, 5, Brazil. 



Falco crotophagus Wied, Reise Bras., 1, p. 297 (8vo ed., p. 294), 1820 based 

 on Azara's "Chimachima," near Rio da Frade (between Caravellas and 

 Rio Grande do Belmonte), Bahia. 



Falco degener Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berliner Mus., p. 61, Sept., 1823 

 Para and Sao Paulo, Brazil (type in Berlin Museum); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. 

 Bras., 3, (1), p. 162, 1830 eastern Brazil (Cabo Frio, Coral de Battuba, 

 lagoons of Marica, Sagoarema, Ponta Negro, and Araruama). 



Gymnops strigilatus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 10, pi. 4a, 1824 "in 

 sylvis ripariis fluminis Xingu," Brazil (descr. of young; type in Munich 

 Museum; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 

 22, No. 3, p. 570, 1906). 



Milvago ochrocephalus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 12, pi. 5, 1827 Sao 

 Paulo Province (type in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.- 

 phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 571, 1906); Burmeister, Syst. 

 Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 36, 1855 Brazil (habits). 



Polyborus ochocephalus Jardine and Selby, Illust. Orn., Part 1, pi. 2, 1827 

 Brazil. 



Milvago chimachima Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 177, 1862 

 part, Sapitiba (Piehy), Rio de Janeiro, and Ypanema, Sao Paulo (soft 

 parts); idem, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 6, 1865 Paratininga, Rio 

 de Janeiro; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 



from the average of British Guiana birds and, as the tone of the dorsal coloring 

 proves to be exceedingly variable, we are afraid the race is a questionable one. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 273 



upper Ucayali, Peru; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1867 part, Sapitiba 

 and Ypanema; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 569 

 part, Mexiana Island; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, 

 p. 64 Minas Geraes; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 

 p. 302 Peru (upper Ucayali, Santa Cruz); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, 

 p. 230, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 468, 1876 part, Brazil and Paraguay 

 (monog.); Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 82, 1876 Anjos, Maraj6, Brazil; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 639 Santa Cruz and 

 Chiquitos, Bolivia; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 99, 1884 Peru (upper 

 Ucayali, Santa Cruz); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 172, 

 1885 Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 

 1891 Santar&n, Brazil; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 

 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, 

 p. 19, 1895 Yhu, Paraguay; Holmberg, Seg. Censo Rep. Arg., 1, p. 504, 

 1898 from Baradero (Buenos Aires) northward; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. 

 Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 14, 1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Goeldi, 

 Ibis, 1903, p. 497 Capim River, Para; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 84, 

 1907 Sao Paulo (Ypiranga) and Parana (Curytiba); Lillo, Apunt. Hist. 

 Nat., 1, p. 22, 1909 Mocovi, Santa F6; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 

 16, p. 237, pi. 3, fig. 15 (egg), 1909 Mocovf, Chaco; Liiderwaldt, Zool. 

 Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 340, 1909 Campo Itatiaya, Brazil; Reiser, Denks. 

 Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 88, 1910 Bahia (Fazenda 

 da Serra, Caesarea das Cabras, and Lagda do Boqueirao, Rio Grande; 

 Fazenda Imburana, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Amaracao); Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 241, 1910 Mocovi, Santa F6; Grant, 

 Ibis, 1911, p. 334 Puerto San Juan, Paraguay; Hellmayr, Abhandl. 

 Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 96, 121, 1912 Rio 

 Capim and Mexiana, Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 124, 1914 

 part, Para, Mexiana, and Maraj6 (Arary), Brazil; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. 

 Physis, 1, p. 298, 1914 Mocovi and Ocampo, Santa F6; Bertoni, Faun. 

 Parag., p. 42, 1914 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay; Me'ne'gaux, Rev. Franc. 

 d'Orn., 9, p. 37, 1917 Pocon6 and Caceres, Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., 

 10, p. 289, 1918 Villa Lutetia, Misiones; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 9, 

 1919 (range in part); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 Uruguay; 

 Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 174, 1926 San Isidro, Buenos Aires. 



Ibycter chimachima Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 39, 1874 (in part); 

 Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 138, 1899 Mundo Novo, 

 Sao Lourenco, and Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 343, 1899 Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 

 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 20, 

 1907 Mexiana. 



Milvago chimachima chimachima Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 15, 1921 (part); 

 idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 88, 1925 (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 133, p. 94, 1926 Chaco (Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho 

 Pilaga), and Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco); Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 57, p. 283, 1928 Serra do Itatiaya; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 452, 1929 Maranhao (Barra do Corda; Fazenda 

 Inhuma and Tranqueira, Alto Parnahyba); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. 




274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



N. H., 60, p. 103, 1930 Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco) and Matto Grosso 

 (Urucum, Tapirapoan); Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., 

 Vogel, p. 94, 1930 Formosa (Yunca Viejo, Tacaagle, San Jose) and 

 Bolivia (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 279, 1931 

 (range); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 17, (2), p. 720, 1932 Sant'Anna do 

 Paranahyba and Aquidauana, Matto Grosso; Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 469, 1936 (range in Argentina); Pinto, 

 Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 87, 1938 Para (Marajo, Lago Cuipeya), Maran- 

 hao (Primeira Cruz), Goyaz (Crixas), Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Franca, 

 Ribeirao, Piassaguera, Ilha dos Alcatrazes, Cananea), and Matto Grosso 

 (Sant'Anna do Paranahyba, Tres Lagoas); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. 

 Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 55, 1945 Bolivia (Reyes and Bresta, 

 El Beni). 



Milvago chimachima strigilatus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 89, 1925 

 eastern Brazil (crit.). 



Range. Northeastern Peru; Brazil, south of the Amazon; 

 eastern Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay; and northern Argentina, from 

 Tucuman, through Misiones and the Chaco, to Buenos Aires (Bara- 

 dero, San Isidro). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 42: Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 2; 

 Canutama, Rio Purus, 2; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 4; Piquiatuba, 

 Rio Tapajoz, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 3; Prainha, Boca do 

 Curua, 1; Inhuma, Maranhao, 1; Tranqueira, Maranhao, 2; Barro 

 do Corda, Maranhao, 1; Veadeiros, Goyaz, 1; Rio Sao Miguel, 

 Goyaz, 1; Sao Marcello, Bahia, 2; Urucum de Corumba, Matto 

 Grosso, 1; Victoria, Sao Paulo, 1; Fazenda Morungaba, Parana, 1); 

 Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Buena Vista, 4; Rio Surutu, 1; San Carlos, 1; 

 Nueva Moka, 1); Paraguay (30-83 km. west of Puerto Casado, 2; 

 Puerto Casado, 2; Horqueta, 5; Serra de Amambay, 3; Nueva 

 Italia, 1); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 1; San Javier, Misiones, 

 1). 



Genus PHALCOBOENUS d'Orbigny 2 



1 Further subdivision appears to be impracticable. Specimens from the 

 estuary of the Amazon (Mexiana, Maraj6) are sometimes rather paler buff under- 

 neath than those from the more southerly parts of the range, but the divergency 

 is too inconstant to justify the recognition of yet another race (strigilatus). It 

 should also be kept in mind that the color of the under parts rapidly fades with 

 wear, and particular care must be taken in using for comparative purposes only 

 birds in exactly the same condition of plumage. 



Additional material examined. Paraguay: Concepcion, 1; Bernalcue", 1; 

 Villa Rica, 2. Bolivia: Esperanza, 1; Santa Cruz, 1. Brazil: Serra da Chapada, 

 Matto Grosso, 2; Sao Paulo, 4; Rio de Janeiro, 3; Lamarao, Bahia, 1; Alcobaca, 

 Bahia, 1; Bahia, 5; Rio Grande, Bahia, 1; Amaracao, Piauhy, 1; Mexiana, 2; 

 Maraj6, 4. 



2 About the limits of the genus, cf. Sushkin, Nouv. Me"m. Soc. Natur. Moscou, 

 16, No. 4, p. 185, 1905, and Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, pp. 24-26, 1931. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 275 



Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me>id., Ois., livr. 2, pi. 2, 1834 type, 

 by monotypy, Phalcoboenus montanus d'Orbigny =Aquila megaloptera 

 Meyen. 



Senex J. E. Gray, in Jardine and Selby, 111. Orn., (n.s.), Part 5, text to pi. 24 

 [p. 2], 1839 type, by monotypy, Falco australis "Latham" [=Gmelin]. 



Aetotriorchis Kaup, Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 124, 1844 type, by monotypy, 

 "Falco novaezealandiae" (evidently of Temminck, not of Gmelin). 



Helotriorchis Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., pi. 98, Aug., 1850 type, by subs, 

 desig. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 34, 1874), Falco australis Gmelin. 



*Phalcoboenus australis (Gmelin). 1 FORSTER'S CARACARA. 



Falco australis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 259, 1788 based on "Statenland 

 Eagle" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 40, Staten Island (ex J. R. 

 Forster MS.); Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., (n.s.), Part 5, pi. 24, 

 1839 Falkland Islands. 



Falco novae-zelandiae (not Falco novae Seelandiae Gmelin) Temminck, Nouv. 

 Rec. PI. Col., livr. 33, pis. 192 (adult), 224 (young), April, 1823 Falk- 

 land Islands. 



Caracara novae-Zelandiae Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, p. 615, 1830 



Falkland Islands. 

 Circaetus antarcticus Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 49, Feb., 1830 based 



on Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., I, pi. 4, and Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. 



Col., pis. 192, 224, Falkland Islands (and errore, New Zealand and New 



Holland). 

 Milvago leucurus (Forster MS.) Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Bds., Pt. 3, pp. 13, 



15, July, 1838 Falkland Islands and small islands near Tierra del Fuego, 



Diego Ramirez Rocks, II Defonso Islands, etc. (new name for Falco 



australis Gmelin); Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 93, 1859 Falk- 

 land Islands. 

 Senex australis J. E. Gray, in Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., (n.s.), Part 5, 



text to pi. 24 [p. 2], 1839 (diag.; synon.); Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. 



Geneva, (2), 20, p. 613, 1900 Penguin Rookery and Port Cook, Staten 



Island. 

 Vullur plancus "fern." (not Falco plancus Miller) Forster, Descr. Anim., p. 



223, 1844 New Year's Island, near Staten Island. 

 Polyborus australis Cassin, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, p. 101, 1858 Orange Harbour 



(Isla Hoste) and "Tierra del Fuego"; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, 



p. 3, 1862 Falkland Islands (descr.). 

 Milvago australis Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 25, pi. 1, fig. 1 (egg) 1 Falkland Islands 



(egg descr.); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 383, 1860 Falkland 



1 Phalcoboenus australis (Gmelin) is a very peculiar species. It is now well 

 established that the sexes in adult plumage are of similar coloration, and that 

 the sooty birds without white terminal tail-bands represent the immature stage. 



Seventeen specimens from the Falklands (main islands and Sedge Island) 

 and one from St. Martin's Cove, Hermit Island, examined. 



2 The second egg (fig. 2) is that of Cathartes aura jota (cf. Abbott, Ibis, 1860, 

 p. 432). 




276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Islands; Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 150 East Falkland Island (habits); 

 Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 136, 1862 (syn.); idem, Ibis, 

 1873, p. 17 (spec, ex Leverian Museum, fig. by Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 

 1, pi. 4, as "New Zealand Falcon"). 



Ibycter australis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 38, 1874 Falkland Islands; 

 Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B.14, 1891 Falkland Islands 

 (Edwards Bay), Tierra del Fuego (New Year Sound), and Staten Island 

 (Cook Bay); Vallentin, Mem. Proc. Manchester Litt. Phil. Soc., 48, 

 No. 23, p. 38, 1904 Mount Vernet (near Berkeley Sound), Falkland 

 Islands (nest and egg descr.); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 

 18, p. 240, 1910 "Tierra del Fuego" and Staten Island; idem, Bol. Soc. 

 Physis, 1, p. 298, 1914 (range); Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. 

 Patag., 2, Orn., p. 579, 1915 Falkland Islands (descr.); Swann, Syn. 

 List Accip., p. 9, 1919 (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 15, 1921 Falkland 

 Islands (chars.); Wace, El Hornero, 1, p. 203, 1921 Falkland Islands; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 86, 1925 Falkland Islands (monog.); 

 Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 329 outer islands of the Falklands; Reynolds, 

 Ibis, 1932, p. 37 Woodcock Island, Beagle Channel. 



Phalcoboenus (Senex) australis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 

 (2), 1, No. 6, p. 465, 1876 Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands 

 (monog.). 



Phalcoboenus australis Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, p. 25, 1931 (range); 

 idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 280, 1931 (range); Reynolds, Ibis, 1935, p. 79 

 islands of Freycinet, Deceit, and Barnevelt, Cape Horn Archipelago 

 (nesting habits); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 470, 1936 (bibliog.; range). 



Range. Falkland Islands, Staten Island, and islands off Tierra 

 del Fuego (very rare, perhaps only occasional on the main island) 

 to the Cape Horn Archipelago. 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Chile (Cape Horn, Hermit Island, 



Magallanes, 1). 



*Phalcoboenus albogularis 1 albogularis Gould. WHITE- 

 THROATED CARACARA. 



Polyborus (Phalcobaenus) albogularis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, "1837," 

 p. 9, pub. Oct. 3, 1837 Santa Cruz, Patagonia (type in British Museum 

 examined). 



1 Phalcoboenus albogularis, P. megalopterus, and P. carunculatus form a natural 

 group within the genus, their close affinity being clearly manifested by similarity 

 in the juvenile plumage. Young birds of the two last-named are very much the 

 same in coloration, while the corresponding stage of the Patagonian form merely 

 differs by the darker and browner, less rufescent tone of its plumage. Adults 

 of albogularis and megalopterus, aside from a slight divergency in the shape of the 

 crown-feathers, are alike in structure, but P. carunculatus has a longer, slenderer, 

 more curved bill (noticeable even in young birds) and a bare, wattled throat. 

 While P. albogularis is nearly wholly white below, throat and breast are plain black 

 in P. megalopterus, streaked with white in P. carunculatus. All three have to be 

 treated either as distinct species or as races of a single taxonomic unit, but taking 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 277 



Milvago albogularis Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 18, pi. 1, 

 July, 1838 Santa Cruz; Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, 

 p. 315, 1888 Caprekaik, Santa Cruz. 



Polyborus megalopterus (not Aquila megaloptera Meyen) Schlegel, Mus. Pays- 

 Bas, Polybori, p. 4, 1862 Patagonia (descr. of adult). 



Ibycter albigularis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 37, 1874 Santa Cruz; 

 Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B.250, 1891 Rio Gallegos; Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 240, 1910 Patagonia* (Rio Gallegos, 

 Santa Cruz) and Cordillera de Mendoza, Argentina; Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 9, 1919 Patagonia; Wolffhuegel, in Reichert, Expl. Alta Cord. 

 Mendoza, p. 389, 1929 near Puente del Inca, Mendoza. 



Phalcoboenus albogularis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 

 1, No. 6, p. 464, 1876 Patagonia (descr.); Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 

 44, p. 25, 1931 (range; crit.); idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 280, 1931 (range); 

 Reynolds, El Hornero, 5, p. 348, 1934 Conejos Island and Tierra del 

 Fuego (Shinolsh, north of Yewin) ; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. 

 La Plata, 1, p. 471, 1936 Neuqu^n (Junfn de los Andes), Rio Negro, 

 Chubut (Rio Deseado), and Santa Cruz; Philippi, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 

 41, p. 207, 1937 Estancia Coyhaique, Aysen, Chile (first record). 



Ibycter megalopterus Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 315, 

 1888 Rio Chico de Santa Cruz (70 long.); Scott and Sharpe, Rep. 

 Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 566, 1915 Rio Gallegos and 

 Arroyo Eke (headwaters of Rio Deseado). 



Ibycter circumcinctus Scott, Auk, 27, p. 152, April, 1910 Chubut, Terr, of 

 Chubut (type in Museum of Princeton University); Scott and Sharpe, 

 Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 578, 1915 Chubut; Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 9, 1919; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 83, 1925 (ex 

 Scott); Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, p. 26, 1931 (crit.). 1 



Ibycter albogularis Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, 

 Orn., p. 571, 1915 Rio Gallegos, Patagonia; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., 65, p. 304, 1923 Huanuluan, Rio Negro; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 1, p. 82, 1925 (monog.); Wetmore, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, 

 p. 420, 1926 Upper Arroyo Bayas, Rio Negro, and Maite"n, Rio Chubut 

 (descr. of young). 



everything into consideration it appears that the two southern forms are more 

 nearly related one to another than they are to P. carunculatus, which, by reason 

 of its naked throat and differently shaped bill, stands rather more apart. Still 

 in view of their remarkably similar juvenile plumage we prefer to unite them in 

 the same specific entity. 



1 Ibycter circumcinctus Scott is, as has been correctly pointed out, but an 

 individual mutant of the White-throated Caracara. Two adults from Lago Blanco, 

 Chubut, show no trace of the black pectoral band. On the other hand, this band 

 is well-marked, though largely interrupted in the middle, in an adult male from 

 Nahuel Huapi, and is suggested on the sides of the chest in the type of 

 P. albogularis, from Santa Cruz. 



The juvenile plumage, which was first described by Alexander Wetmore, 

 is very similar to that of megalopterus, but decidedly darker and browner, 

 much less rufescent. With five young albogularis and eight megalopterus before 

 us, we fail, however, to find any constant difference in the shape of the crown- 

 feathers, while it is plainly discernible in adult birds. The taking of specimens 

 in the brown, juvenile plumage is unquestionably responsible for the records of 

 megalopterus at various points in Santa Cruz. 




278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Ibicter albigularis Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, 1, p. 19, 1916 Cordillera of 



Mendoza. 



Ibycter albigularis albigularis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 14, 1921 (chars.). 

 Ibycier albigularis circumcinctus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 14, 1921 (chars.). 



Range. Patagonia from Tierra del Fuego (Conejos Island; 

 Shinolsh, north of Yewin; Viamonte) north through Santa Cruz, 

 Chubut, and Rio Negro to Neuque"n; also recorded from Puente del 

 Inca, Mendoza, and Estancia Coyhaique, Aysen, Chile. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Argentina (Arroyo Ceker, Santa 

 Cruz, 1). 



*Phalcoboenus albogularis megalopterus (Meyen). MOUNTAIN 

 CARACARA. 



Aquila megaloptera Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 

 16, Suppl., p. 64, pi. 17, 1834 Chile, in the highest Cordilleras near the 

 edge of the perpetual snow (type in Berlin Museum; descr. of young). 



Phalcobaenus montanus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame>. Merid., Ois., livr. 2, p. 51, 

 pi. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1834 road from Tacna to La Paz, Cordilleras and plateaus 

 of Bolivia (descr. of adult and young; co types from Bolivia, in Paris 

 Museum, examined); Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 108, 1843 

 valley of the Andes [of Colchagua], Chile; Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, 

 p. 241, 1860 "Sierra de Uspallata" and Tucuman (sight records). 



Milvago megalopterus Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 21, 1839 Despoblado, 

 branch of the Copiapo Valley, Atacama, Chile; Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 12, p. 157, 1844 [Colchagua], Chile; Sclater, I.e., 1867, pp. 329, 

 338 Cordillera of Santiago, Chile (crit.); idem and Salvin, I.e., p. 988 

 Arequipa, Peru (crit.); iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 Arequipa; iidem, I.e., 

 1869, p. 155 Tinta, Peru; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 550 Junfn and 

 Maraynioc, Peru; Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 355, 1876 Moho, 

 Lake Titicaca; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 559, 1877 Cordillera of 

 Colchagua; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 101, 1884 Peru; Sclater, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 399 Sitani, Tarapaca; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 2, p. 105, 1889 "Reyes" (errore), Bolivia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 135 Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile; Reed, Anal. Univ. 

 Chile, 93, p. 206, 1896 Cordilleras of central Chile; Lane, Ibis, 1897, 

 p. 182 Sacaya and Cancosa, Tarapaca, Chile; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 

 108, p. 296, 1901 Chile (monog.). 



Polyborus megalopterus Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 78, 1846 Sierra and 

 Puna region of Peru. 



Caracara montanus Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 210, 

 1847 Prov. Santiago, Chile (habits); Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, 

 p. 242, 1868 Cordilleras of Santiago and Atacama, Chile. 



1 Additional material examined. Tierra del Fuego: Viamonte, 2. Santa 

 Cruz: Santa Cruz, 1 (the type). Chubut: Valle del Lago Blanco, 7. Neuquen: 

 Nahuel Huapi, 2. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 279 



Polyborus montanus Philippi, Reise Wuste Atacama, p. 161, 1860 Atacama 

 Desert, Chile; idem, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 Antofagasta, Chile. 



Milmgo crassirostris Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. 

 KL, 44, (1), p. 9, 1861 Chile (descr. of adult; type in Vienna Museum 

 examined); idem, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 136, 1862 Chile; 

 idem, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 3, pi. 1, 1865 Chile (crit.; descr. of 

 young). 



Phalcoboenus megalopterus Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 434, 1861 

 "near Uspallata" and Tucuman (seen only); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 462, 1876 (monog.); Berlepsch and 

 Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 Baftos, San Bias, 

 Ingapirca, and Andores, Junfn, Peru; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 175, 

 1921 (note on d'Orbigny's specimen); Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 

 p. 26, 1931 (range; crit.); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, 

 p. 288, 1932 Cordilleras of Chile from Tacna to Colchagua; Housse, 

 Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 41, p. 131, 1937 part, except Ecuador (life hist.). 



Ibycter megalopterus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 36, 1874 Chile, 

 Bolivia, and Peru (Arequipa, Tinta) ; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 

 8, p. 202, 1902 Tucuman; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 447 Moreno, Jujuy; 

 Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 229, 1904 Lara, Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La 

 Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, 

 No. 13, p. 61, 1905 Cerro Munoz and Taff, Tucuman; MenSgaux, Bull. 

 Soc. Philom. Paris, (10), 1, p. 206, 1909 Bolivia (La Paz, Yura, Coniri); 

 Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 240, 1910 (range in 

 Argentina); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 298, 1914 (range in Argentina); 

 Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 443, 1918 Lake Warinja, northwestern 

 Peru; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 8, 1919 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 14, 1921 (range); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 57, 1921 

 above Torontoy and Lucma, Urubamba, Peru; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 

 1, p. 80, 1925 (monog.). 



Phalcoboenus negalopterus (sic) Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 175, 

 1921 Cordillera of Aconcagua, Chile. 



Ibycter megalopterus megalopterus Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 

 17, p. 248, 1930 Panao, Huanuco, Peru. 



Phalcoboenus megalopterus megalopterus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 280, 1931 

 (range); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 473, 

 1936 La Pana, Salta (range in Argentina); Bond and de Schauensee, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 95, p. 179, 1943 Oplaca, Kari-Kari Mts., 

 Potosi, Viloca, Bolivia. 



Range. Puna zone of Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile (from Tacna 

 to Colchagua), and northwestern Argentina (prov. of Jujuy, Salta, 

 and Tucuman). 1 \ 



1 Burmeister's sight record from the Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza, has never 

 been confirmed. 



On studying a good series from various parts of the range we are unable to 

 find any racial variation either in coloration or in shape of bill. 



Additional material examined. Peru: Corcuges Paramo, Libertad, 1; Galera, 

 Junin, 1; Junin, 2; Lauramarca, Cuzco, 1; Tinta, 3; Arequipa, 1; unspecified, 2. 




280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 32: Peru (Macate, Ancachs, 1; Panao 

 Mountains, Huanuco, 2; Junin, 4; Cailloma, Arequipa, 1; Chucuito, 

 Puno, 1); Bolivia (Esperanza, Pacajes, La Paz, 2; Vacas, Cocha- 

 bamba, 3; Colomi, Cochabamba, 2; Cerro Juno, Cochabamba, 3; 

 Cerro San Benito, Cochabamba, 3; Colomi, Cochabamba, 9); Argen- 

 tina (Aconquija, Tucuman, 1). 



*Phalcoboenus albogularis carunculatus Des Murs. 

 CARUNCULATED CARACARA. 



Phalcoboenus carunculatus Des Murs, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 154, 1853 

 "Colombia" (type in coll. of T. Wilson, now in the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia; 1 cf. Des Murs, Ibis, 1861, p. 21); Ridgway, Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 464, 1876 (monog.); Sal- 

 vador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 27, 1900 Pare- 

 dones (Paramos del Azuay), La Concepcion (Chota), Altipiani de Tarquf, 

 Canar, and El Troje (Huaca), Ecuador (plumages); Mene'gaux, Miss. 

 Serv. Ge"og. Armee Mes. Arc Me>id. Equat., 9, p. B.ll, 1911 Mozo 

 Pichincha and crater of Pichincha, Ecuador; Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 Wash., 44, p. 26, 1931 (range). 



Milvago megalopterus (not Aquila megaloptera Meyen) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 26, p. 555, 1858 above Punfn (Riobamba), Ecuador. 



Milvago carunculatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 81, 1860 Paramo 

 on the road to Guagua, Pichincha, Ecuador; Orton, Amer. Nat., 5, p. 94, 

 1871 Quito Valley; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 222 Pichincha and Valle- 

 vicioso, Ecuador. 



Polyborus (Milvago, Phalcoboenus) carunculatus Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 19, 

 pi. 1 (adult) Andes of Ecuador (descr.). 



Ibycter carunculatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 38, 1874 Ecuador; 

 Rhoads, Auk, 29, p. 148, 1912 Paramo of Pichincha; Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 9, 1919; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 15, 1921; Lonnberg and Rendahl, 

 Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 1922 Chaupicruz, western side of Antisana, 

 Corazon, Tablon, near Machache, Nono, and above Lloa, Ecuador 

 (plumages); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 84, 1925 (monog.); Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 220, 1926 Antisana, Chimborazo, Taragua- 

 cocha, and Cerro Guaminf (near Papallacta), Ecuador. 



Phalcoboenus megalopterus carunculatus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 280, 1931 

 (range); Dugand, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 58, 1941 Cumbal, Narino, 

 Colombia; idem, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 397, pi. 4, 

 fig. 24, 1941 Colombia. 



Bolivia: Umapusa, 2; Sicasica, 1; unspecified, 2. Chile: Sacaya, Tarapaca, 2; 

 Cancosa, Tarapaca, 1; Sitani, Tarapaca, 1; Abricoya, Tarapaca, 1; Cordillera of 

 Santiago, 2; unspecified, 14. Argentina: Lara, Tucuman, 1. 



1 Though not listed by Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, pp. 5-62), 

 the type is without much doubt the specimen mentioned by Ridgway (Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 464, 1876) as being in the Academy of 

 Sciences of Philadelphia. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 281 



Range. Paramo zone of southwestern Colombia (Narino) and 

 Ecuador. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 21: Colombia (Cumbal, Narino, 6); 

 Ecuador (Cordillera Antisana, Pichincha, 7; Llanganate, Tungura- 

 gua, 6; Cerro Chimborazo, 2). 



Genus CARACARA Merrem 2 



Caracara Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encycl. Wiss. und Ktinste, 15, 

 p. 159, 1826 type, by present designation, Falco plancus Miller. 1 



*Caracara plancus plancus (Miller). SOUTHERN CARACARA. 



Falco plancus Miller, Var. Subj. Nat. Hist., Part 3, pi. 17, 1777 Tierra del 

 Fuego. 



Falco tharus Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, pp. 264, 343, 1782 Chile. 



Polyborus vulgaris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 5, p. 257, Dec. 14, 

 1816 based chiefly on "Caracara" Azara, No. 4, Paraguay; 4 idem and 

 Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), p. 23, pi. 7, 1820 South America; Spix, Av. 

 Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1824 Minas Geraes and Piauhy; d'Orbigny, 

 Voy. AmeY. Merid., Ois., p. 55, 1835 part, Banda Oriental, La Plata, 

 Buenos Aires, marshes on the limits of Paraguay, and arid coasts of 



1 The occurrence of this Caracara in Colombia, whence the type is claimed 

 to have originated, has now been confirmed. The type is stated to possess a narrow 

 white superciliary streak, a feature which is not even suggested in any of the 

 numerous Ecuadorian or Colombian adults we have examined. 



Additional material examined. Ecuador: Coraz6n, 1; Pichincha, 2; Sical, 2; 

 Cayambe", 1; unspecified, 4. 



2 It is very unfortunate that Polyborus Vieillot (Anal. Nouv. Orn. Ele'm., 

 p. 22, April, 1816 type, by monotypy, "Caracara" Buffon), long applied to the 

 Caracara Falcons, cannot stand for that group. Buffon's "Caracara" (Hist. Nat. 

 Ois., Impr. Ros. ed., 1, p. 175) is exclusively based on Marcgrave's bird (in Hist. 

 Nat. Bras., p. 211), which Schneider (Journ. Orn., 86, p. 93, 1938), from a study 

 of the original drawing, has shown to be Circus buffoni. Although the generic 

 features of Polyborus were undoubtedly taken from Falco plancus (or rather its 

 northern race), as is shown by Vieillot's subsequent detailed account (in Nouv. 

 Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 5, p. 256, Dec. 14, 1816), the author defeated his 

 own intention by citing "Caracara" as the only species, which automatically be- 

 comes the genotype, making Polyborus a synonym of Circus. The present case is 

 an exact parallel to the genus Cassidix Lesson (cf. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 

 Ser., 13, (10), p. 88, 1937). 



3 Merrem, in separating the genus from Cathartes on certain structural 

 characters, includes in it four species: (1) C. accipitrina (Falco madagascariensis) 

 (= Polyboroides radiatus); (2) C. aquilina (=Daptriu8 americanus); (3) C. crotophaga 

 (=Milvago chimachima); (4) C. plancus, with which Falco cheriway is considered 

 to be synonymous. We herewith designate Falco plancus Miller as genotype. 



4 Although Vieillot states that he has seen a live bird in the Jardin des Plantes 

 at Paris, his description is almost a verbatim translation of Azara's account of 

 the bird's character and habits. In addition to Paraguay, where his observations 

 were mostly made, Rio de la Plata and Montevideo are incidentally mentioned 

 by Azara. 




282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Patagonia and Chile; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 40, 1855 

 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes (habits); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 434, 

 1861 Argentina. 



Polyborus caracara Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, pi. la, 1824. 



Polyborus braziliensis (not Falco brasiliensis Gmelin) Swainson, Zool. 111., 

 (n.s.), 1, pi. 2, 1829 (fig. of adult). 



Polyborus brasiliensis Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 9, 1839 La Plata 

 and Patagonia as far as Cape Horn and Tierra del Fuego (habits) ; Pelzeln, 

 Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 178, 1862 part, Rio de Janeiro (Sapi- 

 tiba) and Sao Paulo (Ypanema, ItararS); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 No. 9, Polybori, p. 2, 1862 part, spec. Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, Brazil; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 Mexiana Island, Brazil 

 (spec, examined). 



Polyborus tharus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 31, 1874 (monog.); 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 455, 1876 

 (monog.); Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 9, 1891 Santa Cruz 

 (Isla Pavon) and Tierra del Fuego (Orange Bay, Pointe Sauvinet, New 

 Year Sound, etc.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 

 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 196 Arroyo Grande, Uru- 

 guay; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, pp. 285, 291, 1895 La Rioja 

 (Chilecito) and Catamarca; Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 

 (2), 20, p. 613, 1900 Staten Island (Penguin Rookery) and Straits of 

 Magellan (Rio Pescado, Punta Arenas, Possession Bay); Lillo, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 160, 1902 Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. 

 La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, 

 p. 1, 1907 Sara Settlement and Cheena Creek (habits); Hagmann, Zool. 

 Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 19, 1907 Mexiana, Brazil; Ihering, Cat. Faun. 

 Braz., 1, p. 82, 1907 Sao Sebastiao and Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; Hartert 

 and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 237, 1909 Buenos Aires (Barracas al 

 Sud) and Tucuman (Los Vasques); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 18, p. 240, 1910 (range in Argentina); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. 

 Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 88, 1910 Bahia (Solidade, near Carnahyba; 

 Fazenda da Serra, Rio Grande) and Piauhy (Olho d'Agua, near Paniagua) ; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 123, 1914 Marajo (Rio Arary, Sao 

 Natal, Pacoval). 



Polyborus plancus Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, 

 Orn., p. 555, 1915 Rio Gallegos, Patagonia (descr.; range); Brooks, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 157, 1917 Falkland Islands; Swann, Syn. List 

 Accip., p. 7, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 12, 1921 (range) t 



Polyborus plancus plancus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 67, 1925 Paraguay 

 and Chile to Straits of Magellan (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 133, p. 95, 1926 Argentina and Uruguay (crit.); Laubmann, Wiss. 

 Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 92, 1930 Lapango, San Jose, 

 and Tacaagte, Formosa (crit.; meas.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 280, 1931 

 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 290, 1932 

 Copiapo to Straits of Magellan (full Chilean bibliog.); Bullock, Rev. Chil. 

 Hist. Nat., 39, p. 241, 1935 Isla la Mocha, Chile; Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 474, 1936 (range in Argentina; full bibliog.); 

 Philippi, El Hornero, 6, p. 232, 1936 Chacalluta, Tacna, Chile. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 283 



Polyborus plancus brasiliensis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 69, 1925 

 northern Paraguay to the Amazon (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 133, p. 97, 1926 Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco) (meas.); 

 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 451, 1929 Ibiapaba, 

 Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 102, 1930 Matto 

 Grosso and Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco, Fort Wheeler); Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 280, 1931 Amazon to Paraguay and Brazil; Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 17, (2), p. 719, 1932 Aquidauana, Matto Grosso; Brodkorb, Occ. 

 Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 349, p. 2, 1937 Caviana Island, Brazil; 

 Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 88, 1938 Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Sao 

 Sebastiao, Itatiba, Serra Negra); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. 

 Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 55, 1945 Bresta, El Beni, Bolivia (disc.). 



Range. South America, from northern Chile (Tacna), the Rio 

 Purus (Canutama), and the islands in the estuary of the Amazon 

 (Marajo, Mexiana, Caviana) south through Brazil, eastern Bolivia, 

 Paraguay and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 21: Brazil (Canutama, Rio Purus, 2; 

 Miritiba, Maranhao, 1; Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1; Rio Sao Miguel, 

 Goyaz, 1 ; Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia, 1 ; Vaccaria, Matto Grosso, 

 2); Bolivia (Aiquile, Cochabamba, 1); Paraguay (265 km. west of 

 Puerto Casado, 1); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucumdn, 5); Chile 

 (Papudo, Aconcagua, 2; Sierra Nahuelbuta, Malleco, 1; Melinka, 

 Ascension Island, 1; Rio Ciaike, Magallanes, 2). 



*Caracara plancus cheriway (Jacquin). 2 NORTHERN CARACARA. 



Falco cheriway Jacquin, Beytr. Gesch. Vogel, p. 17, pi. 4, 1784 Aruba (de- 

 scribed from a live bird in the Vienna Zoo). 



Pandion caracara (not Polyborus caracara Spix) Gray, in Griffith, Cuvier's 

 Animal Kingdom, 6, p. 235, 1829 Curacao. 



1 After examining and measuring a considerable number of specimens we find 

 it very hard to draw a line between the two races into which the Southern Caracara 

 has been split by Swann, Wetmore, and others, although we do not deny that birds 

 from Brazil are generally smaller. The subjoined measurements of the wings in 

 adult birds may serve to illustrate the difficulty of maintaining the distinction 

 between C. p. plancus and C. p. caracara (Spix) of Brazil: Mexiana Island, 410; 

 Itaparica, Bahia, 390 (female); Bahia, 408; Cruzeiro, Sao Paulo, 400 (female); 

 Sapucay, Paraguay, 395 (male); Villa Rica, Paraguay, 445 (female); Concepci6n, 

 Paraguay, 395 (male); Rosario, Salta, 410 (male) ; Lapango, Formosa, 420 (female), 

 400 (male); Buenos Aires, 420, 435 (female); Espartillar, Buenos Aires, 440 

 (male!); Uruguay, 440 (male); Corral, Valdivia, Chile, 420 (female); Tom Bay, 

 Magellan Straits, 450 (female); Hermit Island, 455. 



2 Caracara plancus cheriway (Jacquin) appears to us nothing else but a well- 

 marked race of the Southern Caracara. Its chief characters, viz., blacker colora- 

 tion and reduction of white barring both on rump and chest, are merely differences 

 of degree, while the existing gap in measurements between cheriway and the 

 especially large individuals of plancus from the Straits of Magellan is completely 

 bridged by specimens from intermediate localities. Moreover, two adults from 

 Obidos, by more heavily barred lateral upper tail coverts, mark a decided step 




284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Polyborus vulgaris (not of Vieillot) Tschudi, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 77, 

 1846 coast of Peru. 



Polyborus caracara Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 1, pp. 386, 394, 1847 

 savanna near Pirara. 



Polyborus cheriway Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 741, 1849 British Guiana; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 33, 

 1874 British Guiana, Ecuador (Puna Island), and Venezuela (Valencia); 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 457, 1876 

 part, Ecuador (Pun Island, Guayaquil), Venezuela (Valencia), British 

 Guiana, and Brazil (monog.) ; Brown, Canoe and Camp Life Brit. Guiana, 

 p. 167, 1876 near Curawashinang; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1879, p. 542 Rio Negro, Antioquia, Colombia (nest and eggs 

 descr.); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 177 Valencia, Santa Marta, 

 Colombia; Salvin, I.e., 1886, p. 78 British Guiana (ex Schomburgk); 

 Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501, 1890, CayambS, Ecuador; Riker and 

 Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 Santar&n, Brazil (crit.); Peters, Journ. 

 Orn., 33, p. 110, 1892 Curacao; Hartert, Ibis, 1893, pp. 303, 321, 332 

 Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, and Venezuela (Paraguana Peninsula) ; Robinson, 

 Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 155, 1895 Magdalena River, Colombia; idem, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 662, 1896 Porlamar, Margarita Island, 

 Venezuela; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131, 1900 Bonda, 

 Colombia; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, 

 p. 27, 1900 El Troje (Huaca), Ibarra, Vinces, and Puntilla de Santa 

 Elena, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. Ill, 1902 

 Caicara and Altagracia, Orinoco, Venezuela; Hartert, I.e., p. 303, 1902 

 Aruba, Curasao, and Bonaire; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 223 Corazon, 

 Ecuador; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 144, 1905 

 Pacheca Island, Pearl Archipelago, Panama; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 



1, p. 83, 1907 (range in part); Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 322 Cariaco Peninsula, 

 Venezuela; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn., 1, pp. 198, 205, 210, 242, 

 253, 1909 Aruba, Curagao, Bonaire, and Margarita Islands; Chubb, Bds. 

 Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 213, 1916 Upper Takutu Mountains, Abary River, 

 Quitero River, and Georgetown; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 



2, p. 340, 1916 Altagracia and Caicara, Orinoco Valley (habits); Chap- 

 man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 238, 1917 La Manuelita and Bogota 

 Savanna, Colombia; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 19, 1920 Pacheca 

 Island, Pearl Archipelago; Lonnberg and Rendahl, I.e., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 

 1922 Carapungo, Ecuador; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 4 Blairmont, British 

 Guiana; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 397, pi. 4, 

 fig. 21, 1941 Colombia. 



Polyborus tharus (not Falco tharus Molina) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, 

 p. 288, 1860 Babahoyo, Ecuador; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1869, p. 252 



in the direction of plancus. While we have seen it only from north of the Amazon, 

 cheriway has also been recorded from Santarem and Rhomes, south of the river. 

 Specimens from Marajo and Mexiana, however, are small-sized C. p. plancus of 

 typical coloration. 



Additional material examined. Colombia: Atuncela, western Andes, 1; 

 Valencia, Santa Marta, 1. Ecuador: Balzar, 1; Puna Island, 1. Peru: Pacasmayo, 

 1. Venezuela: Maruria, Lake Valencia, 1; Caracas, 1; Laguna del Obispo, 1. 

 British Guiana: Abary River, 3; Annai, 1; Quonga, 1. Brazil: Forte do Rio 

 Branco, 1; Obidos, 2. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 285 



Maruria, Lake Valencia, Venezuela; Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 82, 

 1876 Rhomes (60 miles from SantarSm), Brazil; Taczanowski, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 745 Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 92, 

 1884 coast of Peru. 



Polyborus brasiliensis (not Falco brasiliensis Gmelin) Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. 

 Bot. Gesells. Wien, 12, p. 178, 1862 part, Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil; 

 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 2, 1862 part, spec. 2, Surinam; 

 Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 79 shores of the Orinoco, Venezuela; Pelzeln, Orn. 

 Bras., 1, p. 2, 1867 part, Forte do Rio Branco. 



Polyborus auduboni (not of Cassin) Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 437 Angostura, 

 Orinoco, Venezuela; idem, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 317, 1884 Bucaramanga, 

 Colombia. 



Polyborus cheriway cheriway Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 443, 1918 Perico, 

 Maranon River, Peru; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 12, 1921 part, northern 

 South America; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 163, 

 1922 Fundacion, Bonda, and Punta Caiman, Santa Marta, Colombia; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 70, col. pi., 1925 (monog.); Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 219, 1926 Daule, Pun Island, Zaruma 

 and Alamor, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 280, 1931 (range); Dar- 

 lington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 369, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena, 

 Colombia; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 593 Trinidad (straggler); 

 Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 79, p. 302, 1935 Pearl Islands and 

 Darien. 



Range. Eastern Panama (Darien and Pearl Islands) and 

 northern South America, south on the west to the coast of northern 

 Peru and the Upper Maranon Valley, and on the east to the Amazon 

 (Obidos, Santarem); islands of Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire and 

 Margarita; occasionally on the island of Trinidad. 



Field Museum Collection. 35: Colombia (El Palmer de Avorela, 

 Atlantico, 1; Timba, Valle de Cauca, 1; El Tambo, Cauca, 3; Rio 

 Patia, Cauca, 1); Ecuador (Valles de Ibarra, Imbabura, 1); Vene- 

 zuela (Maracaibo, Zulia, 1; Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, 1; Maracay, 

 Aragua, 3; Lake Valencia, Aragua, 1; Margarita Island, 1); Dutch 

 West Indies (Bonaire, 1; Aruba, 1); British Guiana (Buxton, 5); 

 Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Amazonas, 2; Itacoatiara, Rio 

 Amazonas, 4; Igarape Aniba, Rio Amazonas, 4; Boca Ituqui, Para, 

 2; Obidos, Para, 2). 



*Caracara plancus ammophilus (van Rossem). 1 SONORAN 

 CARACARA. 



Polyborus cheriway ammophilus van Rossem, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 4, 

 p. 441, Oct., 1939 Tesia, Sonora, Mexico (type in the Dickey Collection, 



1 Caracara plancus ammophilus (van Rossem) differs from C. p. audubonii by 

 its smaller size, particularly in the bill and feet. The more prominently barred 

 tail, given as a distinctive character by the describer, does not hold good in the 

 specimens in Field Museum. 




286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



University of California, Los Angeles); idem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. 



Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 62, 1945 Sonora (distr.). 

 Polyborus cheriway (not Falco cheriway Jacquin) Salvin and Godman, Biol. 



Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 125, 1901 part, Lower California and Sonora 



to Nayarit, Mexico. 

 Polyborus cheriway auduboni(i) Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 113, 



1929 Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 281, 1931 part, 



Lower California, and Sonora to Nayarit, Mexico. 



Range. Southern Arizona, Lower California, and Sonora south 

 to Nayarit, Mexico. 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Arizona (Sahuarita, Pima County, 

 1); Mexico (San Ignacio, Lower California, 1; Camoa, Sonora, 6). 



*Caracara plancus audubonii (Cassin). 1 AUDUBON'S CARACARA. 



Polyborus Audubonii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, No. 1, Jan.- 

 March, p. 2, pub. Aug. 7, 1865 Florida (type said to be in U. S. National 

 Museum; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 29). 2 



Polyborus cheriway (not Falco cheriway Jacquin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 

 1, p. 33, 1874 part, North and Central America; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, p. 457, 1876 part, middle America, 

 Louisiana, Texas, and Cuba; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 

 p. 457 Yucatan; Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 315, 1892 

 (habits); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 125, 1901 

 part, eastern Mexico to Costa Rica; Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 

 3, p. 19, 1902 Bogaba, Chiriquf; Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Natur., 39, 

 p. 191, 1905 Santa Fe\ Isle of Pines; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Orn. Ser., 1, p. 84, 1907 El Rancho, Gualan, and San Jose', Guatemala; 

 Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 450, 1910 Guanacaste, Costa Rica; 

 Todd, I.e., 10, p. 198, 1916 Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines; Rendahl, Ark. 

 Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 10, 1919 Panama Viejo, Panama, and Rio Menco, 

 Nicaragua. 



Polyborus tharus auduboni Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 4, 

 No. 1, p. 44, 1878 Corpus Christi and Padre Island, Texas (nest and 

 eggs); idem, I.e., 5, No. 3, p. 421, 1879 Lomita, Texas (habits; eggs). 



1 Caracara plancus audubonii (Cassin) is rather an unsatisfactory race, the 

 supposed color differences being completely obliterated through individual varia- 

 tion. However, the generally smaller dimensions of the northern birds may be 

 deemed sufficiently constant to warrant its recognition. 



2 Though Cassin states that the type was presented by J. J. Audubon to the 

 Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, Stone claims it to be in the U. S. 

 National Museum; but Friedmann states that it cannot be found there. According 

 to James Bond, however (in litt.), there is in the Philadelphia Academy a specimen 

 of Audubon's Caracara with the following data on the label and in the catalogue 

 "A.N.S.P. 73; male; Polyborus cheriway; Florida; J. J. Audubon." This specimen 

 had formerly been mounted, was donated by Audubon, and is apparently the only 

 Caracara presented by him to the Academy. Cassin also states in the original 

 description that the specimens in the Smithsonian Institution were from Texas 

 and Mexico. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 287 



Polyborus cheriway auduboni(i) Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 443, 1918 

 (crit.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 44, 1923 Cuba and Isle of 

 Pines; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 71, 1925 (monog.); Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 281, 1931 part, except northwestern Mexico; Huber, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 211, 1932 Prinzapolka, Nicaragua; Griscom, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 western Panama; Dickey and 

 van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 135, 1938 El 

 Salvador (habits; plumages; food); Oberholser, Bird Life Louisiana, p. 182, 

 1938 southern Louisiana (casual visitor); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 170, p. 127, 1938 (habits). 



Polyborus cheriway cheriway Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 149, 

 1932 Finca El Cipres, Guatemala. 



Range. Arizona (except extreme south), Texas, and Florida 

 (casual in Louisiana) south through Mexico (except northwest part) 

 and Central America to western Panama (Bogaba, Chiriqul; Panama 

 Viejo) ; also Cuba and the Isle of Pines, Greater Antilles. 



Field Museum Collection. 39: Texas (Cameron County, 10; 

 Brownsville, 2); Florida (Fort Pierce, 1; Lake Okeechobee, 1; Fort 

 Thompson, 1 ; Kissimmee River, 3 ; Fort Denaud, 1 ; Osceola County, 4 ; 

 Orlando, 1) ; Cuba (eastern part, 1) ; Mexico (Apatzingan, Michoacan, 

 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 1; Tampico, Tamaulipas, 3; Yucatan, 1); El 

 Salvador (Sitio del Nino, La Libertad, 2; Hacienda Zapotitan, La 

 Libertad, 1); Guatemala (San Jose', 1; Tiquisate, Escuintla, 1); 

 Honduras (Zambrano, Comayagua, 2); Costa Rica (San Jose", 1). 



Caracara plancus pa 11 id us (Nelson). 1 TRES MARIAS CARACARA. 



Polyborus cheriway pallidus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 8, Jan. 27, 

 1898 Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off Mexico (type in U. S. 

 National Museum) ; idem, N. Amer. Fauna, 14, p. 38, 1899 Maria Madre; 

 Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 72, 1925 (monog.); McLellan, Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 298, 1926 Maria Madre; idem, I.e., (4), 16, p. 19, 

 1927 Maria Madre; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 281, 1931 (range). 



Polyborus pallidus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 127, 

 1901 Tres Marias Islands. 



Range. Tres Marias Islands (Maria Madre), off western Mexico. 

 Caracara lutosus (Ridgway). GUADALUPE CARACARA. 



Polyborus lutosus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2), 1, No. 6, 

 p. 459, Feb. 8, 1876 Guadalupe Island, Lower California (type in U. S. 



1 Caracara plancus pallidus (Nelson): General pattern as in C. p. cheriway, 

 but much paler throughout with the dusky crossbars on the tail less pronounced, 

 and the pale and dusky markings on the upper back more in the form of regular 

 bars; size slightly smaller. Wing, 370, (female) 386; tail, 194, (female) 205; tarsus, 

 86 Yz, (female) 88. 




288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



National Museum); idem, I.e., 2, No. 2, p. 192, Apr., 1876 Guadalupe; 

 Bryant, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci., 2, p. 281, 1887 (habits); idem, Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. Sci., (2), 2, p. 282, 1889; Lucas, Auk, 8, p. 219, 1891 (skeleton); 

 Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 318, 1892 (ecology); Rothschild 

 and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 404, 1902 (eight spec. coll. in 1900); Kaeding, 

 Condor, 7, p. 134, 1905; Thayer and Bangs, I.e., 10, p. 106, 1908; Swarth, 

 I.e., 15, p. 229, 1913; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 8, 1919; idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 13, 1921; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 73, pis. 3, 4 (egg), 

 1925 (monog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 113, 1929; Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 281, 1931; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 136, 

 1938 (life hist.). 



Range. Guadalupe Island, off Lower California. Now extinct. 



Subfamily POLIHIERACINAE. Pygmy Falcons 

 Genus SPIZIAPTERYX Kaup 1 



Spiziapteryx Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 43, pub. Oct. 28, 

 1852 type, by monotypy, Harpagus circumcinctus Kaup. 



Hemiierax Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 437, 1861 type, by orig. 

 desig., Harpagus circumcinctus Kaup. 



Hemihierax Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 371, 1874 (emendation). 



*Spiziapteryx circumcinctus (Kaup). SPOTTED-WINGED FALCON. 



Harpagus circumcinctus Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 43, 

 pub. Oct. 28, 1852 "Chili" 2 = Mendoza, Argentina (type, collected by 

 T. Bridges, in coll. of Lord Derby, now in Liverpool Museum). 



Falco punctipennis Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 "Biga de la Paz, 

 Pampa,"=La Paz, Mendoza, Argentina (type in Halle Museum examined); 

 Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 200 (crit.). 



Hemiierax circumcinctus Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 438, 1861 

 "Biga de la Paz (Coricorto), Pampa,"=La Paz, Mendoza (full descr.); 

 Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874 (?)between La Paz and Rio 

 Guayquiraro, northern Entre Rlos, and (certe) Sierra de Cordoba; 

 Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 396, 

 1890 Cordoba. 



Falco circumcinctus Sclater, Ibis, 1862, p. 23, pi. 2 (crit.; fig. of type in Liver- 

 pool Museum). 



Spiziapteryx circumcinctus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 371, 1874 

 Argentina; Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 276 Mendoza (crit.); White, Proc. 



1 This genus, regarded by Martorelli as representative of a separate subfamily 

 (Spiziapteryginae), seems to us to have very close affinities to Gampsonyx, Poli- 

 hierax, Microhierax, and Neohierax, and should be kept in the same group (cf. 

 also Sushkin, Nouv. M6m. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 16, livr. 4, pp. 178, 180, 1905). 



2 This locality is unquestionably erroneous. It is a well-known fact that many 

 of the specimens secured by Thomas Bridges near Mendoza were incorrectly labeled 

 "Chili," probably through a mistake of his European agent. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 289 



Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 623 Guaz6n, Andalgala, Catamarca; Sclater 

 and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 73, 1889 (habits); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 

 39, p. 114, 1891 foothills of Sierra de C6rdoba; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. 

 La Plata, 6, p. 285, 1896 Chilecito, La Rioja; Martorelli, Atti Soc. 

 Ligust. Sci. Nat. Geog., 10, p. 169, pi. 6, 1900 Mendoza and Cosquin 

 (Cordoba), Argentina (crit.; descr.); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 

 8, p. 205, 1902 Rio Salf, Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, 

 p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 63, 

 1905 Rio Salf, Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 249, 1910 Cordoba, Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Tucuman, and 

 Salta (Oran); Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 22, 1916 El Challao and 

 Sopanta; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 119, 1920 Argentina; idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 184, 1922 Argentina (chars.); Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 78, 

 1923 La Rioja; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 100, 1926 

 Victorica, Pampa, and between Quilino and Cordoba, Cordoba; Pereyra, 

 El Hornero, 4, p. 29, 1927 Conhelo, Pampa Central; Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 281, 1931 (range); Castellanos, El Hornero, 5, p. 12, 1932 Valle 

 de los Reartes, C6rdoba, and Alefu, Pampa Central; Hellmayr, Field 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 285, 1932 (not in Chile); Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 2, p. 333, 1936 Argentina (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 478, 1936 C6rdoba (Tanti Viejo, Til- 

 quicho), La Rioja (Chilecito), and San Luis (Piedra Blanca, Santa Rosa). 



Range. Western and northern Argentina in provinces of Salta 

 (Oran), Tucuman, Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, La Rioja, San 

 Luis, Mendoza, Cordoba, Pampa, and possibly parts of Santa F6V 



Field Museum Collection. 2: Argentina (Los Ternos, Santiago 

 del Estero, 2). 



Genus GAMPSONYX Vigors 



Gampsonyx Swainson, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, p. 69, April, 1825 type, by mono- 

 typy, Gampsonyx swainsonii Vigors. 



*Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii Vigors. SWAINSON'S PEARL 

 HAWK. 



Gampsonyx Swainsonii(i) Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, p. 69, April, 1825 

 tableland of Bahia (about ten leagues west-southwest from the Bay of 

 San Salvador), Brazil (type in coll. of W. Swainson, now in the University 

 Museum, Cambridge, England); Gray and Mitchell, Gen. Bds., 1, p. 26, 

 pi. ix, 1845; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 114, 1856 Bahia 

 (hab. in part, excl. of Guiana); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1867, p. 979 Pebas, Peru (spec, examined); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 



1 Doering's sight record from northern Entre Rios (between La Paz and the 

 Rio Guayquiraro) requires substantiation by specimens, as this falcon has never 

 been taken east of the Rio Parana. 



Three specimens from Cordoba (Cosquin), one from Mendoza, and two from 

 Santiago del Estero examined. 




290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



1868 part, Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Pari, Barra do Jauru, Caicara, 

 Estiva); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 303 Pebas, 

 Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 304, 1874 part, spec, a-c, e, 

 Brazil, Bahia, and "Trinidad"; Gurney, Ibis, 1879, p. 330 upper Amazon 

 (descr. of young); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 353 near Parahyba, Brazil; 

 Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 140, 1884 part, Pebas, Peru; Riker and 

 Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil; Allen, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Salvadori, Boll. 

 Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 30, 1897 Campo Santo, Salta; idem, 

 I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 14, 1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Lillo, Anal. Mus. 

 Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 205, 1902 Tucuman; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, 

 p. 465 Colonia Crevaux, Tarija, Bolivia; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 

 3, No. 13, p. 63, 1905 Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 97, 

 1907 Bahia (range in part); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 

 Cachoeira and Bom Lugar, Rio Purus, Brazil; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 

 p. 413, 1910 Calama, Rio Madeira, Brazil; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. 

 Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 Bahia (Barra do Rio Grande; 

 Estreito da Ursa, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Pedrinha, Lagoa do Paniagua; 

 Serra of Santa Philomena); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 248, 1910 Tucuman and Salta; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 139, 

 1914 part, Braganca (E.F.R.), Cussary, Rio Purus (Cachoeira, Bom 

 Lugar), and Maranhao; idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, 

 p. 47, 1926 Ceara. 



Elanus torquatus (Cuvier MS.) Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 72, Feb., 

 1830 Brazil (type in Paris Museum; cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., 

 (2), 2, p. 14, 1850). 



Falco rufifrons Wied, 1 Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, p. 123, 1830 Rio Mucurf, 

 southern Bahia, Brazil (type not preserved; cf. also Allen, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 2, p. 268, 1889). 



Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 287 part, Brazil 

 (Matto Grosso, Bahia) and eastern Peru; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 103, 

 1920 Brazil and Paraguay; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 163, 1922 (chars.; 

 range); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 104, 1926200 km. 

 west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Zool. Ser., 12, p. 457, 1929 Sao Francisco, Maranhao, and Jua (near 

 Iguatu), Ceara; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 112, 1930 

 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, 

 p. 98, 1930 Yunca Viejo, Formosa; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 282, 1931 

 (range); Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 373, 

 1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 271, 

 1936 (monog.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 106, 1935 Bahia (Rio 

 Gongogy, Corupe'ba, Boim, Joazeiro); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 480, 1936 (range). 



Range. Brazil from the south bank of the Amazon to Bahia, 

 Rio de Janeiro, and Matto Grosso; eastern Peru (Pebas); 2 eastern 



l Nertus rufifrons Boie (Isis, 1828, col. 314), ex Wied MS., is a nomen nudum 

 without nomenclatural standing. 



2 We do not find any authentic record from eastern Ecuador. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 291 



Bolivia; northern Argentina (Campo Santo, Salta; Tucuman; Yunca 

 Viejo, Formosa); western Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 8: Brazil (Sao Francisco, Maranhao, 

 1; Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara, 1); Bolivia (San Gavier, Santa Cruz, 1); 

 Paraguay (195 km. west of Puerto Casado, 4; Orloff, Chaco, 1). 



*Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae Chubb. 2 NORTHERN PEARL 

 HAWK. 



Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 22, Nov. 30, 

 1918 Leon, Nicaragua (type in British Museum examined); Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 104, 1920 Nicaragua; Miller and Griscom, Amer. 

 Mus. Nov., 25, p. 13, 1921 Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Santa Marta 

 (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 164, 1922 Nicaragua; Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 28, 1931 (range); Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 593 Trinidad 

 (Caroni River and Mount Hope); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 273, 

 1936 Leon, Nicaragua. 



1 There does not seem to be any constant difference between birds from various 

 parts of the above range. Brazilian specimens, as a rule, lack the rufous color on 

 the sides of the body or show there only a few ochraceous-buff or tawny streaks. 

 However, one (out of nine) from Bahia and one (out of four) from Caicara, Matto 

 Grosso, have just as extensive a rufous area on the upper flanks as any from Guiana 

 or Venezuela. A single adult male from Maranhao (Miritiba) has no trace of 

 rufous, while one from Santarem, like others from Bahia and Matto Grosso, 

 exhibits a few dull tawny streaks, and thus extends the range of the typical race 

 to the southern bank of the Amazon. An adult female from Pebas, Peru, and one 

 from Bolivia (Buena Vista) cannot be distinguished, either in size or color, from 

 the Brazilian average. 



Wing measurements. Adult males: Santarem, 155; Miritiba, Maranhao, 148; 

 Bahia, 145, 148, 148, 153, 153, 153; Piauhy, 148, 152; Rio de Janeiro, 158; Matto 

 Grosso (Caicara), 158. Adult females: Pebas (Peru), 162; Matto Grosso (Caicara, 

 Chapada), 160, 161, 162, 167, 168; Bahia, 158, 165; Yunc& Viejo, Formosa, 167; 

 Buena Vista (Bolivia), 169. 



''Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae Chubb: Similar to G. s. swainsonii, but with 

 an extensive rufous area on the sides of the body, which varies in color regardless 

 of sex, locality and age, from ochraceous-tawny to chestnut. 



While this character holds in the great majority of individuals, exceptions are 

 occasionally met with, three specimens from M6rida (Escorial, Oct. 21; Valle, 

 Oct. 29 and Dec. 18) and one from British Guiana having, like the average of 

 typical swainsonii, but a few buffy or tawny streaks on the flanks. The yellow 

 on front and sides of the head, in this form, is generally paler, less yellow ocher, 

 but some birds from Guiana and MeYida are very nearly as dark about the face 

 as Bahia skins (swainsonii). 



Good series from the MeYida region (meridensis) and British Guiana agree 

 well together, and one adult each from the upper Rio Branco and Obidos are also 

 perfectly typical examples, having an extensive patch of chestnut on the sides of 

 the lower breast. We are, however, unable to separate this lot from two Nicaraguan 

 specimens (leonae), this identity having already been suggested by Miller and 

 Griscom. Both Nicaraguan birds have a distinct, though not exceedingly exten- 

 sive, deep tawny patch on the sides like a good many from MeYida. The type of 

 leonae has exceptionally pale yellow about the face (though one from Valle, MeYida, 

 is just as pale), but the female from Leon, in this respect, exactly resembles the 

 average from Venezuela. Swann's attempt to maintain the distinctness of the 

 two races is not supported by the large series in the British Museum, as neither 




292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Gampsonyx swainsonii(i) (not of Vigors) Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen 

 Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 735, 1849 Rio Rupununi; Leotaud, Ois. 

 Trinidad, p. 41, 1866 Trinidad (one male); Pelzeln, Orn. Braz., 1, p. 6, 

 1868 part, Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (spec, examined); Sclater and 

 Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 252 Maruria, Lake of Valencia, 

 Venezuela; Finsch, I.e., 1870, p. 557 "Trinidad"; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 

 Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 151, 1876 Savanilla, Colombia; 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1879, p. 331 Santa Marta; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 77 

 Merume Mountains, British Guiana; idem, Ibis, 1893, p. 264 Leon, 

 Nicaragua; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131, 1900 Bonda, 

 Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 98, 1901 

 Leon, Nicaragua; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 

 p. 168, 1901 San Julian, near La Guaira, Venezuela; Berlepsch and 

 Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 Rio Orinoco (Altagracia, Caicara, 

 Quiribana de Caicara, Ciudad Bolivar) and Suapure", Caura, Venezuela; 

 Clark, Auk, 19, p. 261, 1902 El Valle, Margarita Island; Cory, Field 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 241, 1909 Porlamar, Margarita Island; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 139, 1914 part, Monte Alegre, Brazil; 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 271, 1916 Upper Takutu Mountains, 

 Rupununi River, Merum6 Mountains, and Annai; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., 

 Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 346, 1916 savanna regions of the Middle 

 Orinoco; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 144, 1922 Bonda, 

 Gaira, Mamatoco, Dibulla, Fundacion, and Santa Marta, Colombia; 

 Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 397, pi. 1, fig. 3, pi. 3, 

 fig. 20, 1941 Colombia. 



Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii (not of Vigors) Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 287 

 part, Venezuela, Trinidad, British Guiana, and Obidos. 



Gampsonyx swainsoni meridensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 104, 1920 

 Nevados, Merida, Venezuela (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in Mu- 

 seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Auk, 38, p. 363, 

 1921 Nevados and Valle, Me>ida; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 163, 1922 

 Venezuela to British Guiana; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, 

 p. 365, 1931 near Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 2, p. 273, 1936 (monog.). 



Range. Western Nicaragua (Leon) and Santa Marta region of 

 Colombia east through Venezuela to British Guiana 1 and south to 

 the north bank of the lower Amazon, Brazil (Monte Alegre, Obidos). 



the larger size of the Nicaraguan birds nor any of the supposed color differences 

 exist. Birds from Margarita Island are slightly smaller, but the constancy of 

 this divergency needs confirmation by an adequate series. 



Wing measurements. Adult males: Leon, Nicaragua, 158; Merida, Venezuela, 

 150-157; British Guiana, 150-158; Obidos, Brazil, 152. Adult females: Leon, 

 Nicaragua, 160; Merida, 158-163; British Guiana, 158-162; Forte do Sao Joaquim, 

 Rio Branco, Brazil, 160. 



Additional material examined. Nicaragua: Leon, 2. Venezuela: Valle, 

 Merida, 15; Escorial, Merida, 1; Caracas, 1. British Guiana, Upper Takutu 

 Mountains, 3; Great Savanna, 1; Quonga, 1; Annai, 2; Merume Mountains, 1; 

 unspecified, 1. Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 1; Obidos, 1. 



1 Not yet recorded from French Guiana. Cf. Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 

 p. 293, 1908. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 293 



Field Museum Collection. 13: Nicaragua (San Geronimo, 

 Chinandega, 1); Venezuela (El Valle, Merida, 2; Puerto Cabello, 

 Carabobo, 1; Maracay, Aragua, 2; Porlamar, Margarita Island, 1); 

 British Guiana (Buxton, 3); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Ama- 

 zonas, 2; Monte Alegre, Para, 1). 



Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus Chubb. 1 WESTERN PEARL 

 HAWK. 



Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 21, Nov. 30, 

 1918 Amotape, [Dept. Piura], Peru (type in British Museum examined); 

 idem, Ibis, 1919, p. 288 western Ecuador (Guayaquil, Puna Island) and 

 Peru (Amotape, Piura); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 104, 1920 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 164, 1922 (chars.; range); Chapman, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 238, 1926 Ecuador (Manavl, Puna Island, 

 Portovelo); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 282, 1931 (range); Swann, Monog. 

 Bds. Prey, 2, p. 274, 1936 (monog.). 



Gampsonyx swainsoni (not of Vigors) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 340, 

 1874 part, spec, d, Guayaquil; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1877, p. 745 Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 140, 1884 part, 

 Tumbez. 



Range. Arid Tropical zone of western Ecuador (Manavl; Guaya- 

 quil; Puna Island; Portovelo) and northwestern Peru (Tumbez; 

 Amotape, Piura). 



Subfamily FALCONINAE. Falcons 

 Genus FALCO Linnaeus 



Falco Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 88, 1758 type, by subs, desig. 



(Brit. Orn. Un-Comm., List of British Birds, p. 149, 1915), 1 Falco Sub- 



buteo Linnaeus. 

 Tinnunculus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 39, 1807 type, by 



subs, desig. (Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 8, p. 34, note, 1872), 



Falco columbarius Linnaeus. 

 Hierofalco Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, p. 312, "1817" (-Dec. 7, 1816) type, 



by monotypy, Falco candicans Linnaeus. 

 Hypotriorchis Boie, Isis, 1826, col. 976 type, by virtual monotypy, Falco 



Subbuteo Linnaeus. 



1 Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus Chubb: Similar to G. s. leonae in paleness of 

 sides of face and in having an extensive rufous area on the sides of the breast, but 

 decidedly larger. Wing, 170 (male) to 176 (female); tail, 104-108. 



Material examined. Ecuador: Guayaquil, 1; Fund Island, 2. Peru: Amotape, 

 1; Piura, 1. 



1 The A. O. U. Committee (1886), though generally credited with designating 

 the genotype, unfortunately failed to do so, but merely determined Falco subbuteo 

 as type by employing the inadmissible method of elimination. 




294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cerchneis Boie, Isis, 1826, col. 976 type, by virtual monotypy, Falco rupicola 



"Lichenstein" (=Daudin). 

 Aesalon Kaup, Skizz. Entw. Europ. Thierw., 1, p. 40, 1829 type, by tau- 



tonymy, Falco aesalon Tunstall. 

 Rhynchodon Nitzsch, Observ. Av. Art. Carot. Comm., p. 20, 1829 type, by 



subs, desig. (A. O. U. Comm., Check List N. Amer. Bds., p. 74, 1931), 1 



Falco peregrinus Tunstall. 



Pnigohierax Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 20, p. 156, 1872 type, by orig. desig., 

 "P. lanarius (Pallas) "=Falco cherrug Gray. 



Rhynchofalco Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 46, May, 1873 type, 

 by orig. desig., Falco femoralis r Femmmck=Falcofusco-caerulescens Vieillot. 



Neofalco Ridgway, Man. N. Amer. Bds., p. 248, 1887 type, by orig. desig., 

 Falco albigularis auct. 



Eufalco Aclogue, Faune de France, 1, p. 113, 1900 type, by subs, desig. 

 (Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. f 53, p. 589, 1917), Falco communis 

 Gmelin=FaZco peregrinus Tunstall. 



Archifalco Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, No. 11, p. 112, 1927 type, 

 by orig. desig., Falco peregrinus Tunstall. 



*Falco mexicanus Schlegel. PRAIRIE FALCON. 



Falco mexicanus (Lichtenstein MS.) Schlegel, Abhandl. Geb. Zool., Heft 3, 

 p. 15, 1843 Mexico (type in Berlin Museum); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 Falcones, p. 18 (note), 1862 (type stated to be from Monterey; descr.); 

 Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 288, pi. 10, figs. 2, 3 (egg), 1892 

 (ecology); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 115, 1901 

 North America south to Mexico (Hermosillo, Sonora; Zacatecas; Aguas 

 Calientes); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 129, 1920 (chars.; range); idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 207, 1922 (range); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, 

 p. Ill, 1929 Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 286, 1931 

 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 414, 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 18, 1938 (life hist.); Webster, Auk, 61, p. 609, 

 pi. 27, 1944 Colorado (life hist.); van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. 

 Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 62, 1945 Sonora (distrib.). 



Falco polyagrus Cassin, 111. Bds. California, etc., p. 88, 1853 source of the 

 Platte River, California and Puget Sound (type from source of the 

 Platte, in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 29, 1899); idem, I.e., p. 121, pi. 16, 

 1854 part, California (full descr. of adult and young) ; Coues, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 43 Arizona (crit.). 



Pnigohierax mexicanus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 20, p. 156, 1872 Tehuantepec, 

 Mexico (crit.). 



Hierofalco mexicanus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 420, 1874. 

 Falco lanarius var. polyagrus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 123, 1874 (monog.). 



1 In the earlier editions of "Check List of North American Birds," the genotype 

 was determined "by elimination." 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 295 



Range. Transition and Austral zones from the eastern border 

 of the Great Plains and from southern British Columbia, southern 

 Alberta and southeastern Saskatchewan to southern Lower Cali- 

 fornia and (probably in winter only) to southern Mexico; casual 

 east to Manitoba, Minnesota and Illinois. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 21: Alberta (Rosebud, 2); Oregon 

 (Wallowa County, 1); California (Wasco, 1; Corona, 1; Colusa, 2; 

 Newark, 1; San Bernardino County, 1); Utah (Beaver County, 1); 

 Colorado (El Paso County, 1; Fort Lyon, 1); Arizona (Camp Verde, 

 1) ; New Mexico (Socorro County, 1) ; North Dakota (Cooperstown, 1; 

 Towner County, 3; Nelson County, 1); South Dakota (Aberdeen, 1); 

 Mexico (Babicora, Chihuahua, 1). 



*Falco rusticolus obsoletus Gmelin. GREENLAND GYRFALCON. 



Falco fuscus (not of Miller, 1777) Fabricius, Faun. Groenl., p. 56, 1780 



Greenland. 

 Falco obsoletus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 268, 1788 based on "Plain 



Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 208, Hudson Bay. 

 Falco candicans Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 275, 1788 based on "Gyrfalco 



Aldrovandi, Gerfault" of Brisson and Buffon, etc., no locality given= 



Greenland (as substituted by Hartert, Vog. Palar. Fauna, 2, p. 1064, 



1913); Schlegel, Abh. Geb. Zool., Heft 3, p. 14, 1843 part, Greenland 



and Arctic America (crit.). 



Falco groenlandica Turton, Gen. Syst. Nat., 1, p. 147, 1802 Greenland. 

 Falco labradora(us) Audubon, Bds. Amer., pi. 196 (=melanism), 1834; Dresser, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 115 (crit.); idem, in Rowley, Orn. Misc., 



1, (3), p. 185, pis. 1 (adult), 2 (young), 1876 Labrador (descr.). 

 Falco arcticus Holboell, Zeits. Ges. Naturw. (Halle), 3, p. 426, 1854 Godthaab, 



Greenland. 

 Falco dawsonis Hall, Canad. Nat. and Geologist, 7, p. 62, 1862 Lachine, 



Quebec (type in Museum of Natural History Society, Montreal) ; Ridgway, 



Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 92, 1880 (crit.). 

 Hierofalco holboelli Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 415 Greenland 



(type in British Museum); idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 415, pi. 13, 



1874 Greenland. 

 Hierofalco candicans Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 411, 1874 Greenland, 



Labrador, etc. 

 Hierofalco gyrfalco obsoletus Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 92, 1880 



Labrador (descr. of adult; crit.). 



Falco rusticolus candicans Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, 2, p. 1064, 1913 Green- 

 land and Arctic America (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 209, 1922 (crit.); 



1 In addition to a good series from the United States, we have examined in 

 the British Museum two from Hermosillo, Sonora (Nov. 28, Dec. 22; J. Ferrari- 

 Perez), one from Zacatecas (Mar. 25; W. B. Richardson) and one from Aguas 

 Calientes (Aug., 1888; W. B. Richardson). 




296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 286, 1931 Greenland and high Arctic America; 

 Schi01er, Danm. Fugle, 3, p. 367, pis. 82-85, 1931 East Greenland and 

 northern West Greenland (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, 

 p. 1, 1938 (life hist.); Bird, Ibis, 1941, p. 132 Myggbukte, Lock Fine, 

 N. E. Greenland (race of N. and N. E. Greenland only); Bray, Auk, 60, 

 p. 515, 1943 Admiralty Inlet, Baffin Island (nesting). 



Falco rusticolus obsoletus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 131, 1920 Labrador 

 and Newfoundland (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 287, 1931 Arctic 

 America, from northern Alaska to Labrador; Schi01er, Danm. Fugle, 3, 

 p. 357, pis. 77, 78, 1931 Greenland (monog.); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 2, p. 420, 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 10, 

 1938 (life hist.); Porsild, Canad. Field Nat., 57, p. 26, 1943 Mackenzie 

 Delta (breeding); Soper, Auk, 63, p. 224, 1946 Baffin Island. 



Falco rusticolus sacer Swann, 1 Verh. 6th Orn. Kongr. Kopenhagen, p. 573, 

 1929 (crit.). 



Falco rusticolus holboelli Schi01er, Danm. Fugle, 3, p. 361, pis. 80, 81, 1931 

 southern Greenland (monog.). 



Range. Breeds on the coasts of Greenland and in Arctic America 

 from Labrador to Alaska; wanders irregularly in winter south to 

 British Columbia and the northern United States. 2 



Field Museum Collection. 11: British Columbia (Lulu Island, 

 Vancouver, 1); Greenland (Sukkertoppen, 3; Egedesminde, 1; un- 

 specified, 2); North Dakota (Nelson County, 2); Massachusetts 

 (Essex County, 2). 



*Falco rusticolus uralensis (Severtzov and Menzbier). 3 ASIATIC 

 GYRFALCON. 



Hierofalco uralensis Severtzov and Menzbier, Uch. Zapiski Mosk. Univers., 

 2, Nos. 2-3, p. 288, pi. 3, 1882 Ural Mountains, Russia (type in Leningrad 

 Museum). 



1 Falco sacer Forster (Phil. Trans., 62, pp. 383, 423, 1772 Severn River, 

 Hudson Bay) may be an earlier name, as has been claimed by Preble and McAtee 

 (N. Amer. Fauna, 46, p. 82, 1923), but the description offers certain ambiguities 

 so that its adoption seems inadvisable. Newton thought Forster's account might 

 refer to Accipiter gentilis atricapillus Wilson. 



* It is now conceded that, excepting the extreme northwest, there is only one 

 form of Gyrfalcon in the Western Hemisphere, although the abundance of the 

 white or dark phase may vary in different parts of Arctic America. In Schiller's 

 posthumous work, three races are still admitted for Greenland, and Koelz (Wilson 

 Bull., 41, pp. 207-219, 1929) also advocates the designation of the various color- 

 types (or phases) by different names, thus abandoning the geographical conception 

 of what we used to call races. While Austin (Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 7, pp. 67, 69, 

 1932) also upholds the distinction between the northerly candicans and the more 

 southerly obsoletus, Friedmann is inclined to unite candicans and obsoletus. 



3 Birds from Bering Island (grebnitzku) and Alaska (alascanus) are not properly 

 separable from uralensis. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 297 



Hierofalco grebnilzku Severtzov, Nou. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 15, 

 livr. 3, p. 69, col. pi., 1885 Bering Island (type in Leningrad Museum); 

 Dementieff, Alauda, (2), 3, p. 502, 1931 (crit.). 



Falco rusticolus alascanus Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, p. 67, Feb. 2, 1922 

 Norton Bay (= Sound), Alaska (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 208, 1922 (chars.; range); idem, Verb. 6th Orn. Kongr. 

 Kopenhagen, p. 572, 1929 Alaska. 



Falco rusticolus uralensis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 419, 1936 (monog.); 

 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 15, 1938 (life hist.). 



Range. Northern Asia from western Siberia to Kamtchatka, 

 islands in the Bering Sea, and Bering Sea coast of Alaska; south in 

 winter casually to Washington (Spokane). 



Field Museum Collection. 3: Alaska (St. George Island, 2; 

 Nushagak, 1). 



*Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte. DUCK HAWK. 



Falco anatum Bonaparte, Geog. Comp. List Bds. Eur. and N. Amer., p. 4, 

 1838 based on Falco peregrinus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 9, p. 120, pi. 76, 

 1814, Great Egg Harbour, New Jersey (type in coll. of R. T. Peale, now 

 in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 193, 1930); LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 22, 1866 

 Trinidad (December); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1874, p. 550 

 Junin and Chorillos, Peru. 



Falco communis amcricanus (sic) Schlegel, Abh. Geb. Zool. Vergl. Anat., Heft 

 3, p. 19, 1843 substitute name for F. anatum Bonaparte. 



Falco nigriceps Cassin, Illus. Birds Calif., Texas, etc., p. 87, circa Feb. 7, 

 1854 Bear Creek (California), coast of Lower California and Chile 

 (type, from Bear Creek = Bear River, California, at one time in collection 

 of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 29], but not now to be found [cf. Grinnell, Univ. 

 Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 267, 1932]); idem, in Gilliss, U. S. Ast. Exp., 2, 

 p. 176, pi. 14, 1855 Chile (spec, examined). 



Falco communis (not of Gmelin) Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 

 p. 632, 1863 Praia de Cajutuba, Par& (March; soft parts); idem, Reise 

 Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 8, 1865 Santiago, Chile (spec, examined); idem, 

 Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 1867 Praia de Cajutuba, Pard (spec, examined). 



Falco peregrinus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 Chile 

 (crit.); Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 244, 1868 Chile (in part); 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 114, 1901 Mexico 

 to Veraguas; Helm, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1904, p. 109 

 Angmagsalik, Greenland (Oct. 7, 1901); M6n6gaux, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 

 5, p. 37, 1917 Caceres, Matto Grosso. 



Falco communis var. anatum Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 132, 1874 part, excl. of Tierra del Fuego (monog.). 



Falco cassini (not of Sharpe) Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cordoba, 5, p. 76, 

 1884 Sierre de la Tinta, Buenos Aires (Feb. 11); Taczanowski, Orn. 




298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Per., 1, p. 147, 1884 Peru (Junfn, Chorillos) and French Guiana 

 (Cayenne); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 

 388 Lima, Peru (March 4); (?)L6nnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 453 Tolomosa, 

 Tarija, Bolivia (Feb. 8). 



Falco peregrinus anatum Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906 Seelet, Trini- 

 dad (April 5); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 415, 1910 

 (range in Argentina); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 122, 1920 (range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 199, 1922 (range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 14, p. 159, 1922 Bonda, Colombia (Oct. 20); Lonnberg and 

 Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 Pichincha (Oct.), Chaupicruz 

 (May), and Pomasqui (June 20, Sept. 20), Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 239, 1926 Carapungo (July 14) and El Muerto 

 Island (Feb. 26), Ecuador; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. Ill, 

 1929 Lower California; Schi01er, Danm. Fugle, 3, p. 399, pis. 90, 91, 

 1931 Greenland (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 290, 1931 (range); 

 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 280, 1932 Chile 

 (Santiago; Ranco, Temuco, Cautin, March 15); Belcher and Smooker, 

 Ibis, 1934, p. 594 Caroni Swamp, Trinidad (Jan. 17); Griscom, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 Veraguas and Changuinola, Panama; 

 Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 481, 1936 (winter 

 visitant to Argentina); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 387, 1936 (monog.); 

 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 43, 1938 (life hist.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 22, p. 90, 1938 Barra do Rio Grande, Bahia; Bray, Auk, 60, 

 p. 515, 1943 Foxe Basin (nesting); Cooke, Bird Banding, 14, p. 72, 1943 

 (banded Julianehaab, Greenland, recovered Cuba; banded Wisconsin, 

 recovered Uruguay); Bruner, Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat., 17, p. 19, 1943 

 Cuba; van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 63, 

 1945 islands in Gulf of California (resident); Borrero, Caldasia, 3, No. 14, 

 p. 412, 1945 Sabana de Bogota; Soper, Auk, 63, p. 224, 1946 Baffin 

 Island; Niedrach, Auk, 63, p. 253, 1946 Archuleta County, Colorado 

 (nesting). 



Falco peregrinus cassini Penard, Auk, 44, p. 419, 1927 Kwatta, Surinam 

 (April 19; spec, examined). 



Range. Breeds from Norton Sound, Alaska, northern Mac- 

 kenzie, Baffin Island and the west coast of central Greenland 1 south 

 to Lower California, Texas, Kansas, Indiana, Pennsylvania and 

 Connecticut, and in the mountains to South Carolina; winters from 

 British Columbia (Vancouver Island), Colorado, and southern New 

 England to the West Indies and South America as far south as Chile 

 (Santiago, Jan. 11; Ranco, Cautin, Mar. 15) and Patagonia (near 

 Coy Inlet, Oct. 19) . 2 



1 There is no doubt whatever that Helm's record of F. peregrinus from Angmag- 

 salik, accepted without challenge by Schalow (in Romer and Schaudin, Fauna 

 Artica, 4, p. 225, 1905), the sole basis for the inclusion of the European Peregrine 

 Falcon among American birds, was due to misidentification Schi01er had a series 

 from Angmagsalik and refers them all to anatum. Cf. also Jourdain, in Bent, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 42, 1938, and Cooke, Bird Banding, 14, p. 72, 1943. 



2 The North American Duck Hawk extends its winter migration to Chile and 

 southern Argentina. Unquestionable South American specimens examined are the 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 299 



Field Museum Collection. 31: Alaska (200 miles east of Barrow, 

 1; Nome, 1; Russian Mission, 1); Yukon Territory (Castle Rock, 1); 

 Alberta (Tofield, 1); Washington (Gray's Harbor, 1); California 

 (San Clemente, 1) ; Texas (Nueces County, 1) ; North Dakota (Nelson 

 County, 2; Ramsey County, 1; Towner County, 1); Illinois (Lake 

 Forest, 1); Arctic Canada (Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land, 1); Green- 

 land (Isle of Sar Rardlet, 1; Godthaab, 1; Noonak, 1) ; Prince Edward 

 Island (Malpeque, 1); Canada (Mergatroid, 1); Maine (unspecified, 

 1); Massachusetts (Cohasset, 1); Connecticut (West Haven, 1); 

 Florida (Punta Rassa, 1; Chatham Bay, 1; Kissimmee River, 1; 

 West Jupiter, 1); Virgin Islands (Virgin Gorda, 1); Mexico (Sierra 

 de Laguna Mountains, Lower California, 1 ; Chihuahua, 1) ; Ecuador 

 (Valle Guallabamba, Esmeraldas, 1; Cerro Cayambe, 1). 



*Falco peregrinus pealei Ridgway. PEALE'S FALCON. 



Falco communis var. Pealei Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, No. 12, p. 201, 

 Dec., 1873 Oregon and Sitka, Alaska (type from Oregon in U. S. National 

 Museum); idem, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, 

 p. 137, 1874 (monog.). 



Falco peregrinus pealei Ridgway, Ibis, 1882, p. 297 (note) Kiska Harbour, 

 Aleutian Islands (descr.); Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna, 2, p. 1048, 1913 

 (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 22, p. 175, 1915 (crit.); idem, I.e., 27, pi. 149, 

 1920 Bering and Copper Islands (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 122, 

 1920 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 199, 1922 (range); Brooks, Condor, 

 28, p. 77, 1926 Queen Charlotte Islands (crit.; range); Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 290, 1931 (range); Stegmann, Journ. Orn., 82, p. 231, 1934 

 Commander Islands (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 388, 1936 

 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 67, 1938 (life hist.). 



following: Two in juvenile plumage, Chincha Islands, Peru, Dec. 23, Feb. 16, 1912 

 (H. O. Forbes); adult male from Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires, Feb. 17, 1890 

 (A. H. Holland) ; adult female from Las Rosas, Prov. Santa Fe, Dec., 1894 (Scales); 

 two adult males, one young female from Ajo, Buenos Aires, Nov. 18, 1917, Dec. 20, 

 1909, Dec. 5, 1917; an adult male from Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, Nov. 24, 

 1886 (W. Withington); adult male from Mendoza, Feb., 1871 (Weisshaupt) ; 

 adult male from Ranco, Temuco, Cautin, Chile, Mar. 15, 1913 (A. C. Saldana); 

 immature female from Santiago, Chile, Jan. 11, 1935 (Platt); adult male and 

 young male from Cajutuba, Para, Brazil. Besides, we have seen several Chilean 

 examples without date of capture. Judging from Taczanowski's description his 

 Peruvian birds were anatum and not cassini, as are indeed two young ones collected 

 by H. O. Forbes on the Chincha Islands. We cannot believe that the molting 

 young female taken at Kwatta, Dutch Guiana, referred by the late Penard to cassini, 

 really came from the Straits of Magellan. Its wholly black pileum and sides of 

 head recall the southern race, but underneath it is just as pale ochraceous buff 

 with comparatively narrow black streaking as the average from the United States 

 and we prefer to regard it as a somewhat aberrant individual of the Duck Hawk 

 inasmuch as the date (April 19) is altogether unlikely for a visitor from the South. 

 In this respect it might be well to call attention to the fact that a Duck Hawk 

 banded in Wisconsin has been taken in Uruguay (cf. Cooke, Bd. Banding, 14, 

 p. 72, 1943). 




300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco pealei Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 29, p. 206, 1885 Bering Island 

 (descr.; crit.). 



Falco rudolfi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 5, p. 19, 1909 Hakodate, Japan (type in 

 coll. of O. Kleinschmidt). 



Falco Peregrlnus pealei Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1927, p. 114 (crit.; range). 



Range. Breeds on islands in the Bering Sea, the Aleutian Islands 

 and on both shores of the North Pacific, south to the Kurile Islands 

 on the west and to the Queen Charlotte Islands on the east; in winter 

 south to Oregon and Japan. 



Field Museum Collection. 3 : British Columbia (Queen Charlotte 

 Islands, 2; Vancouver, 1). 



Falco peregrinus calidus Latham. SIBERIAN PEREGRINE FALCON. 



Falco calidus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 41, 1790 India. 

 Falco peregrinus calidus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 288, 1931 (range); Hanna, 

 Condor, 42, p. 166, 1940 Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska. 



Range. Western Siberia east to Kamchatka. In winter to 

 India, New Guinea and northern Africa. One record for Alaska. 



Falco peregrinus cassini Sharpe. 1 CASSIN'S FALCON. 



Falco cassini Sharpe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11, p. 221, 1873 Chile and 

 Straits of Magellan (type from Straits of Magellan, in British Museum 

 examined); idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 384, 1874 (same localities); 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1882, pp. 300, 301 Falkland Islands and Port Desire, 

 Patagonia (crit.); Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2), 20, 

 p. 614, 1900 Possession Bay, Magellan Straits (July 12) ; Dabbene, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 356, 1902 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego 

 (Feb.); idem, I.e., 18, p. 250, 1910 (range in Argentina); Scott and Sharpe, 

 Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 655, 1915 Coy Inlet, 

 Santa Cruz (Oct. 19, Nov. 22). 



1 Falco peregrinus cassini Sharpe: Differs from F. p. anatum, when adult, by 

 much more densely and broadly barred under parts; darker gray back with wider 

 black bars; entirely black sides of the head without any whitish in auricular region; 

 absence of white frontal band; and by the under parts being strongly washed with 

 mouse-gray in the male sex, and much more cinnamomeous in the female. The 

 juvenile plumage may be recognized by the much darker, tawny or Mikado brown 

 instead of buff or ochraceous under parts with much heavier dark brown markings 

 and various minor characters (cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 

 19, p. 282, 1932). 



Cassin's Falcon breeds in the Falkland Islands and along the Straits of 

 Magellan. The naturalists of the Princeton University Expedition report it as 

 nesting on inaccessible cliffs on the coast of Santa Cruz, Patagonia. In winter, 

 this Falcon rather irregularly visits southern and central Chile. 



Material examined. Falkland Islands: Port Stephens, 2; Port Stanley, 2; 

 unspecified, 4. Tierra del Fuego: Cape Penas, 1 (female adult, March 24); 

 Estancia Viamonte, Rio Grande, 1 (female adult, April 7). -Straits of Magellan: 

 Port Famine, 1 (the type) ; Elizabeth Island, 1. Chile: Santiago, 1; Pelal, Temuco, 

 Cautin, 1; unspecified, 2. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 301 



Falco peregrinus (not of Tunstall) King, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 425, 1827 Port 

 Famine, Magellan Straits; Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 244, 1868 

 Chile (in part); Reed, I.e., 44, p. 558, 1877 Chile (spec, in British Mu- 

 seum examined); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 136, 

 Feb., 1890 Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan (Jan. 20) ; l Bullock, 

 Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 33, p. 198, 1929 Angol, Malleco, Chile (July). 



Falco peregrinus cassini Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 158, 1917 

 Falkland Islands; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 124, 1920 Chile and 

 Falkland Islands (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 200, 1922 "Andes from 

 Ecuador south to" Chile and Falkland Islands; Wace, El Hornero, 2, 

 p. 203, 1921 Falkland Islands; Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 330 Falkland 

 Islands (breeding); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 290, 1931 Chile and Falk- 

 land Islands; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 282, 

 1932 Chile (winter visitor) (chars.; range); Reynolds, El Hornero, 5, 

 p. 348, 1934 Isla de los Conejos, Tierra del Fuego; Steullet and Deautier, 

 Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 482, 1936 (range in Argentina); 4 Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 389, 1936 "Ecuador to Chile, Tierra del Fuego, 

 and Falkland Islands." 



Falco Peregrinus cassini Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1927, p. 116 Collico (April 

 16), Chile, and Falkland Islands (crit.). 



Range. Breeds in the Falkland Islands, in Tierra del Fuego and 

 in southern Patagonia (Straits of Magellan; coast of Santa Cruz 

 Territory); in winter irregular visitor to Chile (and probably the 

 more northern parts of Argentina). 3 



*Falco deiroleucus Temminck. 4 ORANGE-BREASTED FALCON. 



Falco deiroleucus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 59, pi. 348, June 25, 

 1825 "dans 1'lle Saint Francois, partie meridionale du Br6sil"=Sao 

 Francisco Island, Santa Catharina, Brazil (type in Paris Museum ex- 

 amined); Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 17, 1866 Trinidad (descr.); Sclater 



1 This specimen, originally preserved in alcohol, is completely discolored. It 

 is a fully adult bird in breeding plumage. 



2 Are the two birds from La Plata, Buenos Aires, really F. p. cassini? They 

 were secured in December and January, viz., at a time when Cassin's Falcon is 

 breeding on the Straits of Magellan! 



3 Here may belong Falco Kreyenborgi Kleinschmidt (Falco, 25, p. 33, July, 

 1929) based upon a cage bird in the Zoo at Munster, Germany, which was said 

 to have come from "Punto-Arenas in Chile." 



4 Falco deiroleucus Temminck is very much like F. rufigularis but differs, sex 

 for sex, by much greater proportions, much larger bill, much stronger feet and 

 toes, and certain details of coloration. The light markings on the breast are 

 much wider and of a decidedly buffy to ochraceous tone, and those on under wing 

 coverts, inner webs of primaries and tail-feathers are also more strongly pronounced, 

 while there is always an extensive area of tawny on the chest. As has been em- 

 phasized by Stresemann, this beautiful falcon is clearly a tropical representative 

 of the Duck Hawk, though we would not go so far as to call it a race of F. pere- 

 grinus. 



Additional material examined. Guatemala: Vera Paz, 2. Nicaragua: Mata- 

 galpa, 1. Costa Rica (unspecified), 1. Panama: Bugaba, Chiriqui, 1. Vene- 




302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 629 San Esteban, Carabobo, 

 Venezuela; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 394 Para; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 550 Pampa Jesus, Junm, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 

 1, p. 149, 1884 Paltaypampa and Tumbez, Peru; Berlepsch and Ihering, 

 Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 171, 1885 Linha Peraja, Rio Grande do Sul; 

 Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil; Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 117, pi. 66, 1901 Guatemala 

 (Vera Paz), Nicaragua (Matagalpa), Costa Rica (La Palma) and Panama 

 (Bugaba); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 91, 

 1910 Burity, Piauhy; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 304, 1914 

 Tucuman; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 278, 1916 Demerara River; 

 Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 445, 1918 Perico, Rio Maranon, Peru; 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 138, 1920 (chars.; range); idem, Auk, 38, 

 p. 364, 1921 near Me"rida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 191, 1922 

 (range); Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, pp. 437, 438, 1927 (crit.); Miranda 

 Ribeiro, Bol. Mus. Rio de Janeiro, 3, No. 2, p. 1, 1927 Taperinha, Para; 

 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 455, 1929 Burity, 

 near Parnagua, Piauhy, Brazil; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 291, 1931 (range); 

 Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 164, 1932 Finca El Cipres, 

 Guatemala; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 594 Trinidad; Griscom, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 Chiriqui and Veraguas; Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 359, 1936 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. 

 Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 483, 1936 Jujuy and Tucuman (bibliog.); 

 Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 90, 1938 Cuyaba, Matto Grosso and 

 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. 



Hypotriorchis deiroleucus Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 354 Vera Paz, Guatemala; 

 Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 4, p. 397, 1870 Sao Francisco Island, Brazil; 

 Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 135, 1868 La Palma, Costa 

 Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 La Palma; Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 215 Bugaba, Chiriqui; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 

 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 159 

 (nomencl.); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, 

 No. 2, pp. 78, 96, 1912 Belem, Para, Brazil. 



Falco deiroleucos Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Falconer, p. 27 (note), 1862 

 Brazil. 



Hypotriorchis rufigularis (errore) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1869, p. 252 San Esteban, Venezuela (spec, examined). 



Falco auroentius (not of Gmelin) 1 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 402, 

 1874 Bahia and Demerara; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, 



zuela: San Esteban near Puerto Cabello, 1; Savanna de Morosos (alt. 2,500 



do Sul, 1. 



1 In agreement with Gurney (Ibis, 1882, p. 159) we are unable to recognize 

 the Orange-breasted Falcon in Falco aurantius Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 283, 

 1788 based on "orange-breasted Hobby" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 105; 

 Surinam). Neither the British Museum example nor that in the Leverian Collec- 

 tion which did not come to the Vienna Museum are any longer in existence. The 

 description may have been based upon a female of what we now call F. rufigularis 

 rufigularis. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 303 



p. 141, 1899 Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 163, 1900 

 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 

 p. 205, 1902 Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 63, 

 1905 Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 99, 1907 Puerto 

 Bertoni, Paraguay; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 470, 1910 La 

 Palma, Costa Rica; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 142, 1914 Marajo, 

 Brazil; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 208, 

 1923 Burity, Piauhy. 



Hypotriorchis metanogyne Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., ser. 1, No. 1, p. 168, 

 Jan., 1901 Alto Parana (lat. 25 40'), Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de 

 W. Bertoni). 



Hypotriorchis aurantius Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 494, 1908 (not yet 

 recorded from Cayenne); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 

 p. 249, 1910 Tucuman; Budin, El Hornero, 4, p. 407, 1931 Sierra del 

 Zenta, Jujuy. 



Falco (Hypotriorchis) aurantius Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto 

 Parana, Paraguay. 



Range. Locally distributed from southern Mexico (Tecolutla, 

 Vera Cruz), through Guatemala (Vera Paz and Finca El Cipres), 

 Nicaragua (Matagalpa), Costa Rica (La Palma) and Panama 

 (Bugaba, Chiriqui, and Veraguas) to Venezuela (San Este*ban, 

 Carabobo; MeYida), Trinidad, British Guiana (Demerara River), 

 Peru (Perico, Rio Maranon; Pampa Jesus, Junin; Yahuarmayo, 

 Sierra de Carabaya, Dept. Puno), Brazil (Pindobal, Marajo; Para; 

 Santarem; Taperinha; Buriti, Piauhy; Bahia; Ilha Sao Francisco, 

 Santa Catharina; Rio Grande do Sul; Cuyaba, Matto Grosso), 

 northern Argentina (Sierra del Zenta, Jujuy; Tucuman), and Para- 

 guay (Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parana; Orloff, Chaco). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Purus 

 (Canutama, 2; Labrea, 1); Paraguay (Orloff, Chaco, 1). 



*Falco rufigularis petoensis Chubb. 2 NORTHERN BAT-FALCON. 



Falco rufigularis petoensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 22, Nov. 30, 

 1918 Peto, Yucatan, Mexico (type in British Museum examined); 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 139, 1920 Yucatan. 



1 There are no definite records of this species from either Colombia or Ecuador. 

 It is, however, possible that the nestling Peregrine Falcon from Ecuador mentioned 

 by Hartert (Vog. Pal. Fauna, 2, p. 1049, 1913) might be referable toF. deiroleucus. 



2 Falco rufigularis petoensis Chubb: Very similar to the nominate race but 

 separable in series by less blackish pileum, lighter plumbeous back and by having 

 the throat, foreneck and nuchal collar less tinged with buffy or ochraceous. 



Comparison of about sixty skins from Mexico and Central America with an 

 adequate series from Guiana and Amazonia shows petoensis to be distinguishable, 

 though not a strongly marked form. While certain Guianan specimens are by 

 no means different in the coloration of the foreneck and collar, it Is undeniable 

 that a large proportion have these parts suffused with deep ochraceous to a degree 




304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Hypotriorchis rufigularis (not Falco rufigularis Daudin) Cassin, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 278 (note), 1855 Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 Bogota and Santa Marta, 

 Colombia; idem, I.e., 27, p. 390, 1859 Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 219 Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. 

 Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 462, 1862 Panama Railroad; Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 158 Santa Fe, Veraguas; idem, Ibis, 1869, p. 319 

 Costa Rica; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 215 Calovevora, 

 Veraguas and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., p. 

 838 (San Pedro), Honduras; Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 14, p. 269, 

 1872 near Parnico, Sinaloa and "Tres Marias," Mexico; Lawrence, Mem. 

 Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 301, 1874 Mazatlan, Sinaloa and Tres Marias 

 Islands, Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541 

 Neche, Colombia; Boucard, I.e., 1883, p. 457 Yucatan; Berlepsch and 

 Taczanowski, I.e., p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 375 

 Ruatan Island, Honduras. 



Hypotriorchis aurantius Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 207, 

 1869 Merida, Yucatan. 



Falco albigularis (not of Daudin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 401, 

 1874 part, spec, i, k, Bay of Panama; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, 

 p. 237, 1881 Vera Cruz (Mirador, Orizaba) and Oaxaca (Santa Efigenia, 

 Tehuan tepee, Cacoprieto) ; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 

 125, 1887 La Palma de San Jose and Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica; 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, pp. 583, 592, 1887 Trujillo and 

 Segovia River, Honduras; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 327, 1892 San Jose", Costa 

 Rica; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 520, 1893 Escondido 

 River, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 18, p. 628, 1896 Altamira, Tamaulipas; 

 Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501, 1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Lantz, Trans. 

 Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 219, 1899 Escuintla and Santo Tomas, Guate- 

 mala; Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 14, p. 38, 1899 "Tres Marias Islands" 

 (ex Grayson); Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, 

 p. 11, 1899 Punta de Sabana, Darien; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 222 

 Santo Domingo, Ecuador; Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 3, p. 21, 1902 

 Boquete, Chiriqui; Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 122, 1906 

 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, 



that is never the case in the range of petoensis. Birds from Neche, Antioquia, 

 Colombia, and a single adult from Paramba, western Ecuador, are good average 

 examples of the present form. Specimens from Sinaloa (Mazatlan) do not differ 

 in the least from those of Yucatan and other parts of eastern Mexico, indicating 

 the non-validity of F. r. petrophilus, based on a single(!) bird from Sonora. More- 

 over, the characters given for this alleged race are just those that serve to separate 

 Central American birds from typical rufigularis. 



Additional material examined. Mexico: Presidio (near Mazatlan), Sinaloa, 4; 

 Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1; Pava Pueva, Vera Cruz, 1; Jalapa, 4; Laguna Verde, Vera 

 Cruz, 1 ; Rio San Martin, Vera Cruz, 1 ; Peto, Yucatan, 2 ; Tabi, Yucatan, 1 ; Tizimin, 

 Yucatan, 1. British Honduras: Belize, 1; Cayo, 2. Honduras: San Pedro, 2; 

 Ruatan Island, 1. Guatemala: Choctum, 1; Chimuy, Vera Paz, 1; Rio Cahabon, 

 1; Escuintla, 1. El Salvador: La Libertad, 1. Nicaragua: Rio Escondido, 4; 

 Matagalpa, 2; San Emilio, 1; Rio Coco, 1. Costa Rica: Dota, 1; Irazu, 2. 

 Panama: Volcan de Chiriqui, 1; Calovevora, Veraguas, 1; Santa Fe, Veraguas, 1; 

 Cordillera de Tole, Veraguas, 4; Bay of Panama, 2. Colombia: Neche, Antioquia, 

 2. Ecuador: Paramba, 1; Chimbo, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 305 



p. 83, 1907 Patulul and Mazatenango, Guatemala; Carriker, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 469, 1910 Costa Rica (San Lucas de Data, Cerro 

 de Santa Maria, El General de Terraba, Los Cuadros de Irazu, Guacimo, 

 Cuabre de Talamanca, Miravalles, El Pozo de Terraba); Peters, Auk, 

 30, p. 371, 1913 Xcopen and Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Stone, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 250, 1918 Toro Point, Panama; 

 Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 194, 1922 Jesusito, 

 Darien; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 

 Mindo, Ecuador; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 13, 1925 Acomal, 

 Yucatan; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 240, 1926 Ecuador 

 (Chimbo, Mindo); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 368, 1931 

 Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 318, 1932 Perme 

 and Obaldia, Panama; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 464, 1932 

 Guatemala (Hacienda California, Panajachel and Finca El Cipres); idem, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 Panama; Carriker and de 

 Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, p. 416, 1935 Quirigua, 

 Guatemala; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 18, 

 1935 Uaxactun, Peten, Guatemala; Sutton, Wilson Bull., 54, col. pi. 

 and note, p. 56, 1942 Rio Corona, San Jose de las Flores, Tamaulipas, 

 Mexico. 



Falco rufigularis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 130, 1874 Mexico (descr.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 8, p. 286, 1896 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 Wash., 13, p. 92, 1899 La Concepcion, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131, 1900 Minca, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 116, 1901 Mexico to Panama; Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 250, 1917 part, La Manuelita, La Palma, 

 La Candela, and Honda, Colombia. 



Hypotriorchis albigularis Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 39, 1876 

 Tehuantepec (Tapana) and Oaxaca, Mexico. 



Falco albigularis albigularis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 191, 1922 (in part); Todd 

 and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 160, 1922 Bonda, Cincinnati, 

 and Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Colombia; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 69, p. 418, 1929 Lancetilla, Honduras; idem, I.e., 71, p. 309, 1931 

 Changuinola Canal, Almirante, Panama; idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 291, 

 1931 (in part); Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 213, 1932 

 Eden, Nicaragua; Stone, I.e., p. 301, 1932 Lancetilla, Honduras; Bond, 

 I.e., 88, p. 356, 1936 Ruatan Island, Honduras; Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 2, p. 360, 1936 part, Central America; Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland 

 Mus. N. H., 7, p. 51, 1937 Paracote, Azuero, Panama; Dickey and 

 van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 137, 1938 El 

 Salvador (Lake Olomega, Rio San Miguel, etc.) (crit.; habits); Traylor, 

 I.e., 24, p. 204, 1941 Mexico (Chichen Itza; Pacaitun). 



Falco albigularis petoensis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 192, 1922 Yucatan. 



Falco rufigularis subsp. McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 21, 

 1927 San Bias, Nayarit (crit.). 



Falco albigularis petrophilus van Rossem and Hachisuka, Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 Wash., 50, p. 107, Aug. 7, 1937 Guirocoba, Sonora (type in coll. of D. R. 

 Dickey, University of California, Los Angeles); van Rossem, Occ. Pap. 




306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 63, 1945 Guirocoba, Sonora 

 (resident). 



Range. Mexico, from Sonora and Sinaloa on the Pacific coast 1 

 and from Tamaulipas (Altamira) on the Atlantic side south through 

 Central America to Colombia (west of the eastern Andes) and 

 western Ecuador. 



Field Museum Collection. 17: Mexico (Sabinas, Tamaulipas, 1; 

 Apatzingan, Michoacan, 1; Pacaitun, Campeche, 1; Chichen Itza, 

 Yucatan, 3); Guatemala (Mazatenango, 2; Patulul, Solola, 1); 

 El Salvador (Sitio del Nino, La Libertad, 1); Honduras (Ruatan, 

 Bay Islands, 2); Panama (Port Obaldia, Darien, 2); Colombia, 

 Cauca (Cauca Seca, 1 ; Munchique, 1) ; Ecuador (Montes del Achotal, 

 Esmeraldas, 1). 



*Falco rufigularis rufigularis Daudin. GUIANAN BAT-FALCON. 



Falco rufigularis Daudin, 2 Traite Elem. Comp. d'Orn., 2, p. 131, 1800 based 

 on "Orange-breasted Hobby" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 29 

 (second specimen), Cayenne; Riker and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 7, p. 324, 1895 Caparo, Trinidad; Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, p. 155 

 Counany, northern Para; idem, Ibis, 1903, p. 497 Capim River, Para; 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 141, 1914 Para, Peixe-Boi, Cunany, 

 Rio Jamauchim (Maria Velha), Rio Purus (Bom Lugar), and Maranhao; 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 277, 1916 (many localities); Cherrie, Sci. 

 Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 348, 1916 near falls of Atures and Caicara, 

 Rio Orinoco; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 250, 1917 part, 

 Florencia, Caqueta, Colombia; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 62, p. 40, 1918 Paramaribo, Surinam; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 80, p. 155, 1928 Para; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 14 coastland of 

 British Guiana (nest and eggs descr.). 



Falco thoracicus (Temminck MS.) Donovan, Naturalist's Repository, 2, pi. 45, 

 June, 1823 no locality given (type in coll. of E. Donovan). 



Falco haemorrhoidalis Hahn, Vb'gel Asien, Amerika, etc., livr. 15, text to pi. 1, 

 1826 3 Surinam (type in coll. of Bavarian Academy of Science, Munich). 



Falco cucullatus Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 340, Dec. 31, 1837 "Brazil, 

 Trinidad, etc." (type in coll. of W. Swainson, now probably in University 

 Museum, Cambridge, Eng.). 



1 Grayson's record from the "Tres Marias Islands" without further data is 

 perhaps open to doubt. 



2 Latham's description of the second specimen is unmistakable, while what 

 he says about the first example is altogether incomplete and ambiguous. We 

 agree therefore with Gurney and Berlepsch that Falco albigularis Daudin (I.e., 

 p. 131), based on this unsatisfactory diagnosis, had better be dropped in favor 

 of the reliably established F. rufigularis. 



1 The plate itself bears the name "F. aurantius Lath.?" 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 307 



Falco aurantius (not of Daudin?) Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 

 3, "1848," p. 753, 1849 British Guiana; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 Falcones, p. 24, 1862 Surinam; L4otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 20, 1866 

 Trinidad. 



Hypotriorchis rufigularis Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 616, 

 632, 1863 part, Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, Rio Guapore, and Barra 

 do Rio Negro (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 1867 part, same 

 localities; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 390 Rio 

 Tocantins, Para; Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 82, 1876 San tarem; 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 159 (nomencl.); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1882, p. 47 Huambo; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 70 Bartica Grove, 

 Camacusa, and Roraima, British Guiana; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. 

 Zool., 9, p. 115, 1902 Rio Catanapa, Puerto Samora (Rio Orinoco), 

 and Suapure, Caura, Venezuela; Hellmayr, I.e., 14, p. 39, 1907 Obidos, 

 Brazil; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 294, 1908 Cayenne; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 

 56, p. 22, 1908 Canacury and Bom Lugar, Rio Purus; Hellmayr, Abhandl. 

 Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 78, 96, 1912 Para 

 and Rio Capim, Para. 



Falco albigularis (not of Daudin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 401, 

 1874 part, spec, d-t, Tocantins River, Pebas, British Guiana, Demerara 

 and Trinidad; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, 

 p. 31, 1900 Gualaquiza and San Jos6, Ecuador; Ihering, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 6, p. 450, 1905 Rio Jurua, Brazil; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, 

 p. 99, 1907 part, Rio Jurua. 



Falco albogularis Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 169, 

 1901 San Julian, north coast of Venezuela. 



Falco rufigularis pax Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 22, Nov. 30, 1918 

 Charuplaya, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia (type in British Museum examined); 

 idem, Ibis, 1919, p. 289 Charuplaya; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 139, 

 1920 Bolivia. 



Falco rufigularis rufigularis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 138, 1920 (in part). 



Falco albigularis albigularis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 191, 1922 (in part); Peters, 

 Bds. World, 1, p. 291, 1931 (in part); Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, 

 p. 594 Trinidad (nest and eggs descr.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, 

 p. 360, 1936 (in part); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 23, p. 91, 1938 part, 

 Rio Jurua and Manacapuru, Amazonas. 



Range. Island of Trinidad, the Guianas and Amazonia from 

 the Para district (possibly even from northern Maranhao) west 

 through Venezuela (Zulia; Colon) and Brazil to the eastern base of 

 the Andes in Colombia (Caqueta region), Ecuador and Peru 

 (Huambo; Pebas), and south to northern Bolivia (Charuplaya, 

 Dept. La Paz) and western Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore). 1 



1 Birds from Brazilian Amazonia agree well with a Guianan series. Two 

 from eastern Ecuador and the Caqueta region of Colombia are similar. An adult 

 female from northern Matto Grosso (Barra do Galera, Rio Guapore) and another 

 from Peru (Pebas) are likewise typical of the present form. The type of F. r. 

 pax from northern Bolivia (Charuplaya, Dept. La Paz) proves to be indistinguish- 




308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 30: Colombia (Mitu, Rio Vaupes, 1); 

 Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 2; Colon, Tachira, 1); British Guiana 

 (Mahaica River, 2; Coverden, 2); Brazil (Itacoatiara, 3; Lago do 

 Baptista, 4; Igarape Aniba, 3; Canutama, Rio Purus, 4; Labrea, 

 Rio Purus, 3; Monte Alegre, Para, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 2; Obidos, 

 Para, 1); Peru (Chanchamayo, Junin, 1). 



*Falco rufigularis ophryophanes (Salvadori). 1 BUFF-BROWED 

 BAT FALCON. 



Hypotriorchis ophryophanes Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, 

 p. 20, 1895 Colonia Risso, Rio Apa, Paraguay (type in Turin Museum) ; 

 Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Paraguay. 



Hypotriorchis rufigularis (not Falco rufigularis Daudin) Pelzeln, Verb. Zool.- 

 Bot. Gesells. Wien, 13, pp. 616, 632, 1863 part, Rio de Janeiro (Sapitiba), 

 Sao Paulo (Porto do Rio Parana), Goyaz (Guardamor), and Matto Grosso 

 (Caicara, Rio Paraguay) (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 1867 

 part, same localities; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 249, 

 1910 (range in Argentina); Me'ne'gaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 1918, p. 290 

 Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones. 



Falco rufigularis (not of Daudin) Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. 

 Foren., 1870, p. 70 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; Allen, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso, and Piedra Blanca, 

 Bolivia; Me'ne'gaux, Rev. Frang. d'Orn., 1917, p. 37 Pocone, Matto 

 Grosso; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 124, 1926 

 Candido de Abreu and Salto de Uba, Parana. 



Falco albigularis (not of Daudin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 401, 

 1874 part, spec, c, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (spec, examined); Kerr, Ibis, 



able from average Guianan specimens by the color of the upper parts or breast 

 (the latter being just as black, narrowly barred with white) or any other character. 

 It is certainly distinct from the population of eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz and 

 Tarija), lacking every trace of buff about the face and of white on alula, and tends 

 to show that the range of typical rufigularis extends south to the Amazonian slope 

 of the Bolivian Andes, whereas another form is met with in the plains of eastern 

 Bolivia. 



Additional material examined. French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. British Guiana 

 (various localities), 30. Venezuela: Caura Valley, 3. Colombia: Cuembi, Rio 

 Putumayo, Caqueta, 2. Eastern Ecuador: San Jos6, 2. Peru: Pebas, 1. 

 Brazil: Manaos, 1; Obidos, 3; Rio Tocantins, 1; Para, 3; Barro do Galera, Rio 

 Guapore, Matto Grosso, 1. Bolivia: Charuplaya (alt. 1300 meters), Dept. La 

 Paz, 1. 



1 Falco rufigularis ophryophanes (Salvadori): Nearest to the nominate race, 

 but loral region and a more or less developed superciliary streak buffy to bright 

 ochraceous; outer web of external alula feathers spotted or edged with white; 

 white barring of breast generally more regularly and evenly distributed. Wing, 

 185-195, (female) 208-218; tail, 98-102, (female), 105-120. 



A series of nearly twenty specimens not only substantiates the characters 

 claimed by the describer, but shows this form to be distributed all over the table- 

 land of Brazil and the adjacent parts of Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina, where 

 it replaces the Amazonian F. r. rufigularis. The buffy superciliary streak is variable 

 in intensity as well as in extent, irrespective of locality. The greatest development 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 309 



1892, p. 142 Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 

 3, p. 366, 1899 Sao Paulo; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 295, 

 1905 Rio Sali, Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 99, 1907 

 part, Sao Paulo (Franca, Avanhandava, Iguape); Reiser, Denks. Math.- 

 Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 91, 1910 Piauhy (Riacho Fresco, 

 Pedrinha, Piranha); Lima, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), p. 96, 1920 Bahia; 

 Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, p. 208, 1923 

 Piauhy (habits). 



Hypotriorchis albigularis Lilla, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 205, 

 1902 Rio Sale, Tucuman. 



Falco (Hypotriorchis) rufigularis Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto 

 Parana, Paraguay. 



Falco rufigularis rufigularis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 138, 1920 part, 

 Argentina; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 455, 1929 

 Ibiapaba, Piauhy and Philadelphia, lower Tocantins, Goyaz; Naumburg, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 114, 1930 Matto Grosso (in part). 



Fako albigularis pax (not of Chubb) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 192, 1922 

 southeastern Bolivia and Argentina; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 291, 1931 

 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 361, 1936 Bolivia to Formosa 

 and Matto Grosso (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La 

 Plata, 1, p. 484, 1936 (range in Argentina). 



Falco rufigularis pax Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, 

 p. 97, 1930 Formosa (Mission Tacaagle, Yunca Viejo) and Bolivia 

 (Villa Montes, Tarija; Monte Grande, Guarayos, Santa Cruz) (crit.). 



Falco albigularis albigularis Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 23, p. 91, 1938 part, 

 Bahia (Barra do Rio Grande; Belmonte), Minas Geraes (Pirapora), Sao 

 Paulo (Iguape, Bauru, Franca, Avanhandava), and Matto Grosso 

 (Corumba). 



Range. Tableland of Brazil, from Piauhy and adjoining parts 

 of Goyaz (Philadelphia, lower Tocantins) south through Bahia, 

 Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo to Parana and west 

 to Matto Grosso; eastern Bolivia; Paraguay and the northern parts 

 of Argentina, from Jujuy to Formosa and the Chaco; also in Misiones. 



of this feature is exhibited by a male from Piauhy (Pedrinha) and a female from 

 Jujuy (Ledesma) in both of which the entire loral region and a conspicuous super- 

 cilium (produced to above the middle of the eye) are bright ochraceous. On the 

 opposite end stands a female from the Rio Pilcomayo, a male from Piauhy 

 (Piranha), and a couple from Rio de Janeiro, in which these markings are merely 

 suggested. The remaining specimens are variously intermediate. The white 

 spotting along the outer web of the alula, though also subject to variation, is at 

 least indicated by traces. The color of throat and foreneck ranges from a delicate 

 buffy white (female from Villa Rica) to deep ochraceous (female from Guardamor; 

 male from Rio de Janeiro). 



Additional material examined. Brazil: Pedrinha, Piauhy, 2; Piranha, Piauhy, 

 1; Riacho Fresco, Piauhy, 1; Guardamor, Goyaz, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 3. Bolivia: 

 Piedra Branca, 1; Villa Montes, Tarija, 1. Paraguay: Villa Rica, 2; Fortin Page, 

 lower Pilcomayo, 1. Argentina: Ledesma, Jujuy, 1; Mission Tacaagle, 2; Villa 

 Lutetia, Misiones, 1. 




310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Brazil (Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1; 

 Philadelphia, Goyaz, 1); Bolivia (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 1); 

 Paraguay (Rosario, 1). 



*Falco fusco-caerulescens septentrionalis Todd. 1 NORTHERN 

 APLOMADO FALCON. 



Falco fusco-caerulescens 2 septentrionalis Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, 

 p. 98, June 6, 1916 Fort Huachuca, Arizona (type in U. S. National 

 Museum); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 139, 1920 Arizona; Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 294, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, 

 p. 164, 1932 Guatemala; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 96, 1938 

 (life hist.). 



Hypotriorchis Aurantius (not Falco aurantius Gmelin) Heermann, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 177, 1855 New Mexico. 



Hypotriorchis femoralis (not Falco femoralis Temminck) Cassin, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 278, 1855 New Mexico; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 24, p. 285, 1856 Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem, I.e., 27, p. 368, 1859 

 vicinity of Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 219 

 Guatemala; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 301, 1874 Mazatlan, 

 Sinaloa, and San Bias, Nayarit; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 39, 

 1876 Tehuantepec City, Mexico; (?)Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1883, p. 457 Yucatan (Cabot collection). 



Falco (Hypotriorchis) femoralis Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 

 p. 43 southern Arizona. 



Falco femoralis Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., p. 560, 1869 hot region 

 of Vera Cruz; Finsch, Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 362, 1871 

 Mazatlan, Sinaloa. 



Falco fusco-caerulescens (not of Vieillot) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 400, 1874 part, Mexico; Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 154, 

 1878 Fort Brown, Texas (nest and eggs descr.); Sumichrast, La 

 Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 Omealco, Vera Cruz and Tehuantepec City, 

 Oaxaca; Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 306, 1892 Fort 

 Huachuca, Arizona (nest and eggs descr.); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 18, p. 628, 1896 Altamira, Tamaulipas; Salvin and Godman, Biol. 

 Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 118, 1901 Mexico (Altamira, Mazatlan, San 

 Bias, Omealco, Tehuantepec City, Vera Cruz, Jalapa, Yucatan) and Guate- 



1 Falco fusco-caerulescens septentrionalis Todd differs from the South American 

 races by its light grayish upper parts (this being especially noticeable on the 

 crown), extensive and solid black pectoral zone, and the light tone of the zinc- 

 orange abdominal area. 



That this bird also breeds in Mexico is strongly suggested by an adult male in 

 the British Museum taken at San Bias, Nayarit, on August 5. 



Additional material examined. Texas: Brownsville, 2; Corpus Christi, 1; 

 Cameron County, 2. Mexico: Presidio de Mazatlan, Sinaloa, 1; San Bias, 

 Nayarit, 1. Guatemala: Chimay, Vera Cruz, 1. 



2 Spelled fusco-coerulescens by Todd. We have not segregated the references 

 in which caerulescens is spelled coerukscens, as the origin of this deviation is often 

 obscure. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 311 



mala (San Augustin); Swarth, Pacif. Coast Avif., 4, p. 8, 1904 Huachuca 

 Mountains, Arizona; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Canon Guiaves, 

 Altamira and Matamoros, Tamaulipas; Swarth, Pacif. Coast Avif., 10, 

 p. 28, 1914 southeastern Arizona; Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 42, p. 

 536, 1925 lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas; Friedmann, I.e., p. 545, 

 1925 Brownsville, Texas; Van Tyne and Sutton, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. 

 Univ. Mich., 37, p. 25, 1937 Brewster County, Texas. 



Falco (Rhynchofalcd) femoralis Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 155, 1874 part, Mexico (Mirador, Vera Cruz, and Mazatlan, 

 Sinaloa). 



Rhynchofalco fusco-caerulescens septentrionalis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 211, 1922 

 part, Mexico, Arizona and Texas; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 426, 

 1936 (monog.). 



Range. Southeastern Arizona, New Mexico and southern Texas, 

 south in the lowland districts of Mexico to Vera Cruz, Nayarit and 

 Oaxaca; on migration sparingly to Guatemala (Chimay, Vera Cruz) 

 and Nicaragua (San Geronimo). 



Field Museum Collection. 11: Texas (Brownsville, 6); Mexico, 

 Tamaulipas (Santa Engracia, 1; Tampico, 2); Nicaragua (San 

 Geronimo, Chinandega, 2). 1 



*Falco fusco-caerulescens pichinchae Chapman. 2 ANDEAN 

 APLOMADO FALCON. 



Falco fusco-caerulescens pichinchae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 205, p. 1, 

 Dec. 28, 1925 Crater of Pichincha, Ecuador (type in the American 

 Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 55, p. 239, 1926 Antisana, Pichincha and Iliniza, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 294, 1931 Ecuador to Peru (La Raya). 



1 Male, wing 248; female, wing 279 mm. (both immatures). 



3 Falco fusco-caerulescens pichinchae Chapman: Agreeing in size with F. f. 

 septentrionalis, but considerably darker throughout, upper parts duskier, the pileum 

 especially so; the ochraceous abdominal area deeper in tone; the black pectoral 

 zone less extensive and more or less broken medially. Compared to the nominate 

 race, pichinchae is larger, generally darker above and more deeply ochraceous- 

 tawny on the abdomen. 



Study of a considerable series shows that not only birds from the highlands 

 of Peru and Bolivia, but also those from Chile are referable to this richly colored 

 race. Specimens from central Chile are to all intent identical with the Ecuadorian 

 ones, except that, even in fully adult plumage, they have the chest streaked with 

 blackish, which obtains in only two from Ecuador. A single adult female from 

 Vilugo, Tarapaca, is ultratypical of pichinchae, as far as the lower parts are con- 

 cerned, but it is remarkably gray above, even lighter than septentrionalis. 



Additional material examined Ecuador: Pichincha, 1; hills of Carapungo, 

 near Quito, 1; near Chaupicruz, near Quito, 2; Colta, Riobamba, 1; Yanayacu, 1. 

 Peru: Chosica, 1; Junfn, 3; Cabo Blanco, 1; Arequipa, 1; Ccachupata, Cuzco, 1. 

 Bolivia: Ollagua, Dept. Oruro, 1. Chile: Vilugo, Tarapaca, 1; Prov. Santiago, 5; 

 Paine, O'Higgins, 1. 




312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco femoralis (not of Temminck) Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 

 1843 Chile (habits); Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 108, 1846 wooded 

 region and sierras of Peru; Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 244, 1868 

 Santiago and the whole of Chile; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1874, p. 678 Paucartambo, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. 



Harpagus bidentatus (errore) Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 

 I, p. 230, 1847 Chile (habits). 



Hypotriorchis femoralis Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Ast. Exp., 2, p. 177, 1855 

 Chile; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, p. 616, 1863 part, Peru 

 (crit.); idem, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 8, 1865 Chile; Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 Chile; idem and Salvin, I.e., 

 p. 988 Arequipa, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 Arequipa; iidem, I.e., 

 1869, p. 155 Tinta, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 151, 

 1884 Peru. 



Aesalon femoralis Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 550 Junm 

 and Maraynioc, Peru. 



Falco fusco-caerulescens (not of Vieillot) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 

 p. 400, 1874 part, spec, c, d, Peru (Ccachupata, Arequipa); Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 135 Vilugo, Tarapaca, Chile; Reed, 

 Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 206, 1896 Chile; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 180 

 Vilugo, Tarapaca; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 287, 1901 Chile 

 (descr.; habits); Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 222 Antisana, Ecuador; Lillo, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 205, 1902 Tucuman; Lonnberg, 

 Ibis, 1903, p. 147 Moreno, Jujuy; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, 

 p. 63, 1905 Tucuman; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 240, 

 1909 part, Tucuman; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 289 Ecuador (Cetta, 

 Riobamba), Peru (Chosica), and Bolivia ("Aullagas"=Ollagua, Oruro); 

 Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 60, 1921 La Raya, Peru; 

 Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 Carapungo, 

 Chaupicruz, and Zambiza, Ecuador; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 33, 

 p. 358, 1929 Cordillera of Aconcagua, Chile. 



Hypotriorchis fusco-caerulescens Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1902, (2), p. 43 Ingapirca, Peru; iidem, Ornis, 13, p. 130, 1906 

 Pichacani, Puno, Peru; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 48, 1920 

 Nilahue, Curico, Chile; Housse, I.e., 29, p. 226, 1925 Isla La Mocha, 

 Arauco, Chile; Jaffuel and Pirion, I.e., 31, p. 104, 1927 Marga-Marga 

 Valley, Valparaiso, Chile. 



Falco fusco-caerulescens fusco-caerulescens Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 133, p. 103, 1926 part, Tucuman (Tapia and Sierra San Xavier) ; Hellmayr, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 283, 1932 Banos del Toro, 

 Coquimbo, Chile; Bullock, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 39, p. 241, 1935 Isla 

 La Mocha, Chile (ex Housse); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. 

 La Plata, 1, p. 485, 1936 part, Tapia, Tucuman. 



Rhynchofalco fusco-caerulescens pichinchae Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 

 427, 1936 Ecuador and Peru (monog.). 



Falco femoralis pichinchae Peters and Griswold, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 92, 

 p. 292, 1943 Maraynioc, Peru (variations and races). 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 313 



Range. Temperate zone of southwestern Colombia (Munchique), 

 Ecuador, Peru, western Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, Oruro), 

 south to Chile (Curico; one sight record from Isla La Mocha, off 

 Arauco) and northwestern Argentina (Tucuman). 



Field Museum Collection. 13: Colombia (Munchique, Cauca, 1); 

 Ecuador (Cerro Chimborazo, 2; Yana Urcu, Azuay, 1) ; Peru (Macate, 

 Ancachs, 1; Puno, Puno, 1; Yua, Arequipa, 1); Bolivia (Pacajes, 

 La Paz, 1; Cuchicancha, Cochabamba, 2); Chile (Banos del Toro, 

 Coquimbo, 1; Batuco, Santiago, 1); Argentina (Aconquija, Tucu- 

 man, 1). 



*Falco fusco-caerulescens fusco-caerulescens Vieillot. 1 APLO- 

 MADO FALCON. 



Falco fusco-caerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 11, p. 90, 

 June 21, 1817 based on "Alconcillo obscuro azulejo" Azara, No. 40, 

 (descr. imm.), Paraguay; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 400, 1874 

 part, spec, b, e, f, Patagonia and Brazil (Mexiana Island); Sclater and 

 Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 69, 1889 Argentina (habits); Frenzel, Journ. 

 Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; Holland, Ibis, 1893, p. 488 Santa 

 Elena, Buenos Aires (March to August); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 71, 1894 

 Trinidad; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 285, 1895 Chilecito, La 

 Rioja; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 30, 1897 Caiza, 

 Bolivia and Tala, Salta; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 365, 1899 Sao Pau- 

 lo; (?)Arribalzaga, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 161, 1902 Lago 

 General Paz, Chubut; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 

 Lerma, Salta; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 17, 1907 Cheena 

 Creek Settlement, Tierra del Fuego; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, 

 p. 23, 1907 Mexiana Island, Brazil; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 

 16, p. 240, 1909 part, Mocovi (Santa Fe); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. 

 Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 91, 1910 Bahia (Joazeiro; Petrotina, Rio 

 Sao Francisco; Fazenda da Serra, Rio Grange) and Piauhy (Burity, near 

 Parnagua); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 332 Ajo, Buenos Aires (June 27); 

 Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 141, 1914 Marajo (Dunas, Pacoval 

 and Mexiana), Brazil; (?)Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped- 

 Patag., 2, Orn., p. 661, 1915 Rio Chico de Santa Cruz (March) near 

 Coy Inlet (Nov. 21), and Pacific Divide, Cordillera Patagonia (March 17); 

 Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 276, 1916 Roraima, Upper Takutu 

 Mountains and Pirara; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 347, 

 1916 Caicara, Orinoco, Venezuela (soft parts); Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 36, p. 250, 1917 Cali, Cauca, Colombia; Gibson, Ibis, 



1 Peters and Griswold (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 92, p. 294, 1943) claim that 

 the name Falco fusco-caerulescens Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat, 11, p. 90, 

 1817 Paraguay) does not apply to this species but to Falco albigulans Daudm, 

 1802, and that therefore Falco femoralis Temminck (PI. Col., livr. 21, pi. 121, 

 1822; livr. 58, pi. 343, 1825 Brazil, ex Natterer) must be used for the Aplomado 

 Falcon. B.C. 




314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



1919, p. 510 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (Aug. 23, June 27 and 28); 

 Daguerre, El Hornero, 2, p. 266, 1922 Las Rosas, Buenos Aires; Gia- 

 comelli, I.e., 3, p. 78, 1923 La Rioja; Pereyra, I.e., p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, 

 Buenos Aires; Marelli, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 631, 

 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado 

 Tuerto, Santa Fe; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 14 Blairmont, British Guiana. 



Falco femoralis Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 21, pi. 121 (immature), 

 April, 1822 Brazil (type in Leyden Museum) ; idem, I.e., livr. 58, pi. 343 

 (=adult), May 28, 1825 Brazil; d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Merid., Ois., 

 p. 116, 1836 Buenos Aires, Corrientes and Bolivia (Moxos, Chiquitos, 

 Chuquisaca); (?)Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 28, 1839 Port Desire, 

 Santa Cruz, Patagonia (breeding); Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 

 2, (1), p. 96, 1855 Brazil; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 Rio Cuarto, 

 Argentina; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 437, 1861 Rio Cuarto; Schlegel, 

 Mus. Pays-Bas, Falcones, p. 20, 1862 Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. 

 Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 70 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes and Sao 

 Bento de Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Doering, Period. Zool., 1, p. 247, 

 1874 Barrancas, Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; (?)Burmeister, Anal. Mus. 

 Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 316, 1888 Fortin Villegas, Patagonia. 



Falco cyanescens Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth. Orn., livr. 93, p. 1234, 1823 

 based on "Alconcillo obscuro azuelejo" Azara, No. 40, Paraguay. 



Falco thoracius "Illiger" (not of Donovan, June, 1823) Lichtenstein, Verz. 

 Doubl. Berl. Mus., p. 62, after Sept., 1823 based on "Alconcillo aplo- 

 mado" Azara, No. 39 (= adult), Paraguay. 



Hypotriorchis femoralis Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 

 "1848," p. 734, 1849 Pirara; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 

 p. 132 Cartagena, Colombia; Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 

 pp. 616, 633, 1863 part, Brazil (soft parts) ; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 24, 

 1866 Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1867 Rio de Janeiro (Sa- 

 pitiba), Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema), Parana (Registo Velho), 

 Matto Grosso (Caicara) and Amazonas (Forte do Rio Branco), Brazil; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 590 Mexiana Island, 

 Brazil; iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 143 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; iidem, I.e., 

 1869, p. 252 Lake of Valencia, Venezuela; Sclater and Hudson, I.e., 

 1872, p. 536 Rio Negro; Lee, Ibis, 1873, pp. 131, 135 Cordoba (between 

 Frayle and Saladillo) and Entre Rios (mouth of the Rio Gato, near 

 Gualeguaychu) ; Durnford, I.e., 1877, p. 187 Buenos Aires (winter visitor) ; 

 idem, I.e., 1878, p. 398 Chubut Valley (breeding); Gibson, I.e., 1879, 

 p. 412 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (one spec.); Salvin, I.e., 1880, 

 p. 362 Salta; Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 

 1881 Rio Negro and Rio Colorado; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 

 p. 41 Cosquin, Cordoba; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 437 Angostura, Orino- 

 co, Venezuela; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 470 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires. 



Falco (Rhynchofalco) femoralis Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 155, 1874 part, Buenos Aires (Conchitas) and Paraguay. 



Hypotriorchis fusco-caerulescens Stempelmann and Schaby, Bol. Acad. Nac. 

 Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 396, 1890 Cordoba; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. 

 Zool., 9, p. 115, 1902 Altagracia, Caicara, and Ciudad Bolivar, Orinoco, 

 Venezuela; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 98, 1907 Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 315 



Avanhandava) and Rio Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo); Berlepsch, 

 Nov. Zool., 15, p. 294, 1908 Guianas; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires, 18, p. 249, 1910 (range in Argentina); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.- 

 phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 121, 1912 Mexiana, Brazil; 

 Reed, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 22, 1916 San Carlos, Mendoza; M6n6gaux, 

 Rev. Frang. d'Orn., 1918, p. 290 Villa Lutetia (near San Ignacio), 

 Misiones; idem, I.e., 1925, p. 285 Lagunas de Canitas, near Icano, 

 Santiago del Estero. 



Falco (Hypotriorchis) fusco-caerulescens Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 

 Paraguay. 



Falco fusco-caerulescens fusco-caerulescens Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 139, 

 1920 part, excl. of Mexico; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 

 14, p. 161, 1922 Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Colombia (crit.; meas.); 

 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 103, 1926 part, Formosa (Riacho 

 Pilaga); (?)idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 422, 1926 Upper Arroyo 

 Las Bayas, Rio Negro and Lago Mosquitos, Cholila, Chubut; Naumburg, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 113, 1930 Rio Nicola Buena, Matto 

 Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., VSgel, p. 96, 

 1930 Formosa (Mision Tacaagle, Yunca Viejo) and Bolivia (Fortin 

 Esteros, Tarija); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 368, 1931 

 Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 294, 1931 

 (range); Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 594 Trinidad (nest and 

 eggs descr.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 302, 1935 Agua 

 Dulce, Panama; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, 

 p. 485, 1936 part, Chubut, Neuquen (Nahuel Huapi), San Luis, Cordoba 

 (Piedra Blanca), Santiago del Estero (Girardet), Chaco (Napalpi), and 

 Jujuy (Santa Catalina); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 91, 1938 Parana 

 (Castro), Rio Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo), Maranhao (Miritiba), 

 Bahia (Joazeiro), Minas Geraes (Pirapora, Marianna) and Sao Paulo 

 (Avanhandava, Itarare, Butantan, Ypiranga, Villa Ema); Wetmore, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 173, 1939 El Sombrero, Venezuela (tax. 

 notes, septentrionalis only valid race). 



Rhynchofalco fusco-caerulescens fusco-caerulescens Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 210, 

 1922 Argentina; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 424, 1936 part, 

 Argentina and Tierra del Fuego (monog.). 



Rhynchofalco fusco-caerulescens femoralis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 211, 1922 

 Venezuela to Brazil; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 425, 1936 Venezuela 

 and Guianas to Brazil (monog.). 



Falco fusco-caerulescens femoralis Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Acad. 

 Handl., (3), 23, p. 56, 1945 Bresta, El Beni, Bolivia (disc.). 



Range. Eastern Panama and Colombia (except the southwestern 

 part) east to Venezuela, the Island of Trinidad and British Guiana 

 and south (locally) through Brazil and eastern Bolivia to Paraguay 

 and Argentina (except northwestern part) to Patagonia and Tierra 

 del Fuego. 1 



1 This form may have to be subdivided, as suggested by Swann, whose nomen- 

 clature is, however, incorrect. Birds from Paraguay (topotypical fusco-caeru- 




316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 22: British Guiana (Buxton, 1; 

 Demarara, 1); Brazil (Serra Grande, Rio Branco, Amazonas, 1; 

 Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1; Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, 1; Municipio 

 de Luis, Sao Paulo, 1; Descalvados, Matto Grosso, 1; Vaccaria, 

 Matto Grosso, 1); Bolivia (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 6; Cercado, 



lescens), Brazil (femoralis), eastern Bolivia (Esperanza, Rio Paraguay), Guiana 

 and Venezuela agree very well together in dimensions and coloring. Two from 

 "Veraguas," while the same size, are rather dark brown above, but they can be 

 matched by one from Mexiana Island and another from Roraima. Birds from 

 Chubut (Valley del Lago Blanco) average larger, some of the females reaching 

 the minimum figures of pichinchae in measurements, and are very light and gray 

 above. They cannot be separated with certainty from septentrionalis except by 

 their less extensive, medially broken blackish pectoral zone. A female from Buenos 

 Aires (Las Rosas) is similar to the Chubut birds, while three others (males), from 

 Buenos Aires, in size and coloration are exactly like Brazilian specimens. From 

 published records it would seem that the Aplomado Falcon does not breed in 

 Buenos Aires Province and it is quite possible that the birds at hand are migratory 

 visitors, the small dark-backed ones coming from the north, the larger, paler ones 

 being wanderers from Patagonia. We do not feel justified, with the relatively 

 limited material before us, in proposing any formal separation, but if the differences 

 explained above are of geographical significance the breeding birds of Patagonia 

 will have to be provided with a new subspecific term, as all the existing names 

 unquestionably refer to the smaller dark-backed northern individuals. 



WING MEASUREMENTS 



Males Females 



septentrionalis 255-260 270-304 



pichinchae 



Colombia (Munchique, Cauca) 275 



Ecuador 264-267 290-297 



Peru 265-270 275-310 



Bolivia (Oruro) 267-313 



Bolivia (Cochabamba) 278 



Chile (Tarapaca) 278 



Chile (Santiago, O'Higgins) 256 285-295 



Chile (Coquimbo) 270 



Argentina (Tucuman) 288 



fusco-caerulescens 



Chubut, Patagonia 243-250 275-290 



Buenos Aires 240-252 270-280 



Salta 247 



Paraguay 225-240 



Uruguay 237-240 



Bolivia (Esperanza) 238-240 270 



Matto Grosso 228-230 255 



Mexiana Island 238 264 



British Guiana 233-240 265 



Venezuela 230-240 270 



Veraguas 236 265 



Additional material examined. Panama: "Veraguas," 2. Venezuela: Caracas, 

 3; Lake of Valencia, Carabobo, 1. British Guiana: Annai, 2; Upper Takutu 

 Mountains, 1; Rio Rupununi, 1; Roraima, 2. Brazil: Mexiana Island, 2; Joazeiro, 

 Bahia, 1; Burity, Piauhy, 1; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 3. Paraguay: Mborero, 1; 

 Villa Rica, 2; Yaci-Veta Island, Rio Paraguay, 2. Uruguay: Colonia, 1; unspeci- 

 fied, 2. Bolivia: Esperanza, Rio Paraguay, 3. Argentina: Los Yngleses, Ajo, 1; 

 Quilmes, Buenos Aires, 1 ; Santa Elena, Buenos Aires, 1 ; Las Rosas, Buenos Aires, 

 2; Buenos Aires, 1; Salta, 1; Chubut, 1; Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 7; Puerto 

 Deseado, Santa Cruz, Patagonia, 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 317 



Santa Cruz, 2); Paraguay (265 km. west of Puerto Casado, 3; Puerto 

 Casado, 2); Argentina (Tierra del Fuego, Tierra del Fuego, 1). 



Falco columbarius subaesalon Brehm. 1 ICELANDIC MERLIN. 



Falco subaesalon Brehm, Ornis, 3, p. 9, 1827 Iceland, migrating to Germany 



in winter (type formerly in coll. of C. L. Brehm).* 

 Falco alfred-edmundi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 13, p. 9, May, 1917 Iceland (type 



probably in coll. of O. Kleinschmidt). 

 Falco columbarius subaesalon Schi01er, Danm. Fugle, 3, pp. 325, 336, 338, 



1931 Angmagssalik, Greenland (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, l,p. 294, 



1931 Iceland; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 371, 1936 Iceland; 



Hartert and Steinbacher, Vog. Pal. Fauna, Erganzungsband, p. 404, 



1936 Iceland (crit.). 

 Falco aesalon aesalon Jourdain, in Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 90, 



1938 (life hist.). 



Range. Iceland. Accidental in Greenland 3 and Scotland. 4 



*Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus. EASTERN PIGEON 

 HAWK. 



Falco columbarius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 90, 1758 based on 

 "The Pigeon Hawk" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 3, pi. 3, South 

 Carolina; Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, p. 118, 1846 Tobago; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 252 Maruria and 

 Lake of Valencia, Venezuela; Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 215 Calobre, Veraguas; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 408, 1874 (in part); Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 119, 1901 Mexico to Lion Hill, Panama; 

 Dalmas, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 132, 1900 Tobago; Salvadori 

 and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 31, 1900 Canar, 

 Ecuador; Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 362, 1905 Abaco, 

 New Providence, Andros and Watlings Islands; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 65, p. 196, 1913 Cano Corosal, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; 

 Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 348, 1916 Orinoco region, 



1 Falco columbarius subaesalon Brehm: Similar in coloration to F. columbarius 

 aesalon Tunstall, of northern Europe and the Faroes but larger; wing, 213, (female) 

 222-235. 



2 The describer had a young male from Iceland, mentioned by him in Nau- 

 mannia, 1856, p. 216, which probably served as basis for his F. subaesalon. It 

 appears to be lost, since Hartert (Nov. Zool., 25, pp. 4-63, 1918) does not list it 

 among the types in the Brehm Collection. 



3 Schi01er (Danm. Fugle, 3, p. 338) enumerates the various specimens secured 

 in Greenland, giving in detail their localities and dates of capture. He refers them 

 all to subaesalon and it seems thatF. c. aesalon has not yet been taken in Greenland. 



4 A single adult male ringed as a nestling at Skialdfonn, Iceland, on June 27, 

 1933, and shot on Strathlen Moor, Dumbartonshire, on April 15, 1936, now in 

 the British Museum, is indeed somewhat larger (wing 207 mm.) than any bird 

 from Scandinavia or Russia. In color, however, it does not differ, being by no 

 means darker, but paler rather on the under parts than the average of aesalon. 




318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Venezuela; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 290 Trujillo, Peru (Dec. 1); Lonnberg 

 and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 Carapungo (October), 

 Chaupicruz (April 4, Aug. 10, Nov. 10), Zambiza (Jan., Feb., Sept. 20) 

 and Pomasqui (Nov. 6), Ecuador. 



Falco obscurus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 281, 1789 based on "Dusky 

 Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 213 New York (type in coll. of Mrs. 

 Blackburne). 



Falco intermixtus Daudin, Traite" E16m. Comp. d'Orn., 2, p. 141, 1800 

 Carolina, South Carolina (type, collected by L. Bosc, in Paris Museum). 



Falco temerarius Audubon, Bds. Amer., Folio, pi. 75, 1829; idem, Orn. Biog., 

 1, p. 381, 1831 near Tatland Ford, Pennsylvania (type probably lost). 



Falco auduboni Blackwall "Research, Zool., p. 193, 1834" j 1 idem, I.e., 2nd ed., 

 p. 178, 1873 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (type in Museum of the Society 

 for the Promotion of Natural History, Manchester). 



Hypotriorchis columbarius Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 450, 1858 

 Cuenca, Ecuador; LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 26, 1866 Trinidad; Sclater 

 and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541 Medellin, Antioquia, 

 Colombia ;-Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 115, 1902 Altagracia 

 (Jan. 29) and Caicara (March 26), Orinoco, Venezuela. 



Falco lithofalco var. columbarius Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. 

 Bds., 3, p. 144, 1874 (monog.). 



Aesalon columbarius Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 160 Quito and Cuenca, Ecuador. 



Falco columbarius columbarius Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 1470, 

 1910 San JosS, Costa Rica; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 141, 1920 (range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 193, 1922 (range); idem, Auk, 38, p. 364, 1921 

 Culata, Merida, Venezuela (Sept. 18); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie 

 Mus., 14, p. 160, 1922 Bonda, Mendeguaca and Rio Hacha, Colombia; 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 240, 1926 Esmeraldas (Nov. 9), 

 Zambiza (Feb. 9), and Pintag (Dec. 3), Ecuador; Peters, Bull. Essex 

 County Orn. Cl. for 1926, p. 20, 1927 (chars.; range); idem, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 296 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 303, 1935 

 Panama (common in winter); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 366, 1936 

 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 70, 1938 (life hist.); Borrero, 

 Caldasia, 3, (14), p. 412, 1945 Sabana de Bogota. 



Range. Breeds from the limit of trees in eastern Canada south 

 to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, northern Maine, 

 Ontario, northern Michigan (Porcupine Mountains) and southern 

 Manitoba (Winnipeg, Assiniboine Valley), west to the eastern border 

 of the Great Plains; winters from the Gulf states south through 

 eastern Mexico, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador 

 to Peru (Trujillo), and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. 2 



1 We have not been able to consult the original edition of 1834, which cannot 

 be found in any of the Natural History Libraries in London. Falco auduboni, as 

 described in the 1873 edition, is clearly an Eastern Pigeon Hawk. Blackwall's 

 name has even escaped the notice of so diligent a bibliographer as D. C. Sherborn. 



2 In addition to a good series from the United States we have examined the 

 following specimens from South America. Colombia: Medellin, 1; "Bogota," 1. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 319 



Field Museum Collection. 62: North Dakota (Nelson County, 1; 

 Ramsey County, 3); Nebraska (Kearney, 1; Haverlock, 1); Arkansas 

 (Fayetteville, 1); Texas (Port Lavaca, 1; Brownsville, 4); Wisconsin 

 (Beaver Dam, 1) ; Illinois (Beach, 1) ; Louisiana (Buras, 1) ; Manitoba 

 (Churchill, 1); Labrador (Battle Harbor, 1; unspecified, 1); Quebec 

 (Magdalen Islands, 4); Maine (Upton, 1; Lincoln, 1); Massachusetts 

 (Monomoy Island, 1); Connecticut (New Haven County, 5; Fair- 

 field County, 2) ; New York (North Hamlin, 1) ; New Jersey (Orange, 

 1) ; Georgia (Savannah, 2) ; Florida (Nassau County, 1 ; Key West, 4 ; 

 Miami, 1; Brevard County, 2); Cuba (Isle of Pines, 1); Dominican 

 Republic (Puerto Plata, 1; unspecified, 1); Virgin Islands (St. Croix, 

 2); Jamaica (Surrey, 1; unspecified, 2); Lesser Antilles (Martinique, 

 2); Colombia (Popayan,. 1; Munchique, 2); Venezuela (Rio Aurare, 

 Zulia, 1); Ecuador (Pichincha, 3; Cerro Cayambe, 1). 



*Falco columbarius bendirei Swann. 1 WESTERN PIGEON HAWK. 



Falco columbarius bendirei Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, p. 66, Feb. 2, 1922 

 Fort Walla Walla, Washington (type migrant, shot on October 18 in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.) ; idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 195, 1922 (range); Peters, Bull. Essex County Orn. Cl. for 1926, p. 22, 

 1927 (chars.; range); Grinriell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. Ill, 1929 

 Lower California (winter visitor); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 296, 1931 

 (range); Swann, Condor, 37, p. 201, 1935 (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. 

 Prey, 2, p. 368, 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 89, 

 1938 (crit.); van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 

 21, p. 63, 1945 Sonora (distrib.). 



Range. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, the Yukon and north- 

 western Mackenzie to British Columbia, northern and western Al- 

 berta, and northern Saskatchewan, south in the mountains to north- 

 ern California; in winter through California and New Mexico south 

 to the Cape region of Lower California and northeastern Mexico 

 (Matamoros, Tamaulipas); occasionally in Louisiana, Florida and 

 North Carolina. 



Venezuela: Culata, Merida, 1 (Oct. 28); Lake of Valencia, Carabobo, 1 (November); 

 Maruria, 1 (October); Caracas, 1. Ecuador: Carapungo, near Quito, 1 (April 10); 

 Chaupicruz, 1 (Feb. 24). Peru: Trujillo, 1 (Dec. 1). 



1 Falco columbarius bendirei Swann: Very similar to F. c. columbarius but 

 paler (neutral gray) above with the rusty edging on nape deeper and more exten- 

 sive; light tail bands paler as well as more extensive; under parts more suffused 

 with buffy (Peters, Bull. Essex County Orn. Cl. for 1926, p. 22, 1927). 



It is with considerable reluctance that we have admitted this form. What 

 material from northwestern America we have seen certainly tends to confirm 

 Swarth's conclusion (Condor, 37, p. 201, 1935; Pacif. Coast Avif., 22, p. 25, 1934) 

 that there is no possibility of separating bendirei from columbanus. Peters, who 

 studied long series of the group, considers it, however, maintainable. 




320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Field Museum Collection. 21: Alaska (Endicott Mountains, 1; 

 Shelton, 1; Circle City, 1; Kodiak Island, 2); British Columbia 

 (Vancouver, 1) ; Alberta (Beaver Lake, 2) ; Washington (Tacoma, 1) ; 

 California (Nicasio, 1; Monterey, 1; Eureka, 1; Witch Creek, 2; 

 Redlands, 1); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 1; Rocky Ford, 1); Arizona 

 (Phoenix, 3); Mexico (Camoa, Sonora, 1). 



*Falco columbarius richardsonii Ridgway. RICHARDSON'S 

 PIGEON HAWK. 



Falco (Hypotriorchis) richardsonii Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 22, 

 No. 3, Aug.-Dec., 1870, p. 145, pub. March 14, 1871 "interior of North 

 America." l 



Falco (Aesalori) lithofalco var. richardsoni Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 148, 1874 (monog.). 



Falco richardsoni Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 120, 

 1901 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico (Nov. 21). 



Falco columbarius richardsonii Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 142, 1920 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 194, 1922 (same); Peters, Bull. Essex County 

 Orn. Cl. for 1926, p. 21, 1927 (crit.; range); idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 296, 

 1931 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 367, 1936 (monog.); Bent, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 86, 1938 (life hist.); van Rossem, Occ. Pap., 

 Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 64, 1945 Sonora. 



Range. Breeds in the Great Plains region from central Alberta 

 and Saskatchewan to northern Montana and (?) north western North 

 Dakota; in winter, south through Colorado, New Mexico and western 

 Texas to northwestern Mexico (Hermosillo, Sonora). 2 Accidental (?) 

 in California. 



Field Museum Collection. 13: Alberta (Rosebud, 1; Beaver 

 Lake, 3; Tofield, 4); Saskatchewan (Maple Creek, 1; Rush Lake, 1); 

 Colorado (Fort Lyon, 2); California (Paradise, Butte County, I). 3 



*Falco columbarius suckleyi Ridgway. 4 BLACK PIGEON HAWK. 



1 Three cotypes in the United States National Museum were listed by Ridgway 

 as follows: Adult male, mouth of the Vermilion River, South Dakota; adult female, 

 Berthoud's Pass, Colorado; immature male, Fort Rice, (North) Dakota. The 

 first-named locality is now accepted as terra typica. 



2 The Sonoran specimen collected by Ferrari-Perez is thoroughly typical of 

 richardsonii. 



3 This specimen, a one-year-old male taken March 19, is very light in color 

 and typical of richardsonii. 



4 Falco columbarius suckleyi Ridgway has lately been the subject of some con- 

 troversy among ornithologists. While no well authenticated eggs have been taken, 

 evidence speaks for its breeding on Vancouver Island, where specimens, both 

 adults and juvenile, have been secured throughout the year, and judging from the 




1949 BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 321 



Falco columbarium var. suckleyi Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, No. 12, p. 201, 

 Dec., 1873 Shoalwater Bay and Fort Steilacoom, Washington (cotypes 

 in U. S. National Museum); Swarth, Condor, 37, p. 201, 1935 (crit.). 



Falco (Aesalori) lithofako var. suckleyi Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 147, 1874 (monog.). 



Falco columbarius suckleyi Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 141, 1920 Sitka to 

 northern California (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 194, 1922 Sitka to 

 British Columbia; 1 Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 337, 1924 

 Kispiox Valley, Skeena River, British Columbia (Sept. 12); Brooks and 

 Swarth, Pacif. Coast Avif., 17, p. 58, 1925 (range in British Columbia); 

 Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 30, p. 112, 1926 Atlin region, British 

 Columbia (Aug. 15, 28); Peters, Bull. Essex County Orn. Cl. for 1926, 

 p. 24, May, 1927 (chars.; range); idem, Bds. World, 1, p. 296, 1931 (range); 

 Sutton, Auk, 52, p. 79, 1935 Blue River, British Columbia (June 16); 

 Laing, Auk, 52, p. 305, 1935 (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 396, 

 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 83, 1938 (life hist.); 

 Laing, Auk, 55, p. 525, 1938 Vancouver Island (status; breeding); 

 Miller, Condor, 43, p. 199, 1941 Claremont and Pasadena, California; 

 Jewett, Condor, 46, p. 206, 1944 Abiquiu, Rio Arriba County, New 

 Mexico (winter specimen). 



Range. Not definitely known. Breeds apparently on Vancouver 

 Island and in British Columbia (probable nesting records from Oliver, 

 southern Okanagan Valley [June 10] and Blue River, junction of 

 Blue and North Thompson rivers [June 16J, east of the Cascades). 

 Winters in the Pacific coast region of North America from British 

 Columbia to northern California. 2 Accidental in New Mexico. 



Field Museum Collection. 8: British Columbia (Victoria, 1; 

 Vancouver Island, 1; New Westminster, 1; Vancouver, 1; Okanagan, 

 1); Washington (Tacoma, 1); Oregon (Tillamook, 2). 



*Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Linnaeus. KESTREL. 



Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 90, 1758 "in Europae 

 turribus etc."=Sweden; Cory, Auk, 5, pp. 110, 205, 1888 Strawberry 

 Hill, Nantasket Beach, Massachusetts (Sept. 29, 1887). 



dates (June) the records from Oliver and Blue River in the interior of British 

 Columbia probably also refer to breeding birds. The fact that wherever suckleyi 

 occurs it is mostly associated with columbarius, suggests the idea that it might 

 be merely a dark color phase of that form, whose occurrence is restricted to the 

 northwest. This theory has been advanced by Swarth and, although not favored 

 by Laing, it still should be carefully taken into consideration. 



1 The statement "in winter s. cas. to Venezuela" is clearly a mistake. It is 

 dropped in the "Monograph of Birds of Prey." All winter-taken Venezuela birds 

 seen by us are unquestionably columbarius. 



1 Peters (Bds. World, 1, p. 296, 1931) includes "Kodiak Island" in the breeding 

 range, we do not know on whose authority. Birds from the neighboring Sitka- 

 lidak Islands are, as pointed out by Swarth (Condor, 37, p. 202, 1935; Pacif. 

 Coast Avif., 22, p. 25, 1934), F. c. columbarius=F. c. bendirei. 




322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Jourdain, in Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, 

 p. 99, 1938 (life hist.; range). 



Range. Northern part of the Eastern Hemisphere. Accidental 

 in Massachusetts (Nantasket Beach, Sept. 29, 1887). l 



Field Museum Collection. 1: Massachusetts (Strawberry Hill, 

 Nantasket, 1). 



*Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus. EASTERN SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Falco sparverius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 90, 1758 based on 

 "The Little Hawk" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 5, pi. 5, South 

 Carolina. 



Falco noveboracensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 284, 1788 based on "New 

 York Merlin" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 107, New York (type in 

 coll. of Captain Davies). 



Falco (Tinnunculus) sparverius var. sparverius Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 169, 1874 (monog.). 



Cerchneis sparveria Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 437, 1874 (monog.). 



Tinnunculus sparverius Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, 

 p. 121, 1901 Mexico (in part) to Panama. 



Cerchneis sparveria phaloena (not Tinnunculus phalaena Lesson?) Carriker, 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 470, 1910 Costa Rica (winter visitor). 



Falco sparverius sparverius Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Costa 

 Rica (Siquirres; Oct. 4) and Nicaragua (San Juan del Norte, Nov. 24; 

 Masaya, Dec. 11; Granada, Dec. 18; Zapatera, Feb. 12; Rio Ometepe, 

 Jan.-Feb.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 302, 1931 (range); van Rossem, Trans. 

 San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 244, 1931 thirty miles southwest of Magda- 

 lena, Obregon and Tesia, Sonora (Apr. 24., Nov. 1, Dec. 15); idem, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 430, 1934 Sonora (Guaymas, Alamos, south 

 of San Pedro) and Chihuahua (Chihuahua, Carmen, Durazno) (winter 

 visitor); Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 303, 1935 Panama (winter visitor); Van 

 Tyne and Sutton, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 37, p. 26, 1937 

 Brewster County, Texas; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 106, 1938 

 (life hist.); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 204, 1941 

 Mexico (Matamoros, Campeche; Chichen Itza, Yucatan); Wetmore, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 533, 1941 Guatemala (Antigua; Duenas; 

 Sierra Santa Elena); van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State 

 Univ., 21, p. 64, 1945 Sonora (distrib.). 



Cerchneis sparveria guatemalensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 156, 1920 

 Capetillo, Guatemala 2 (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in Museum of 



1 Hagerup's record (Birds of Greenland, p. 57, 1891) is open to doubt. The 

 species is not admitted to the Greenland fauna by Schi01er (Danm. Fugle, 2, 

 pp. 44-48, 1926). Cf. also Jourdain, in Bent (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, pp. 99- 

 100, 1938). 



2 According to the footnote the specimen in the Swann Collection must be 

 regarded as the type. Both Bangs and Griscom pronounce it to be an immature 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 323 



Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. 



Zool., 70, p. 194, 1930); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 225, 1922 Central America. 

 Cerchneis sparveria sparveria Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 165, 



1932 La Montanita, Finca Carolina, La Perla, San Lucas, Barrillos, 



Secanquim, and Capetillo, Guatemala (winter visitor). 

 Cerchneis sparverius sparverius Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 458, 1945 



(monog.). 



Range. Breeds from the upper Yukon, northwestern Mackenzie, 

 southern Keewatin and Newfoundland south to northern California, 

 eastern Texas, northern Alabama, and North Carolina; winters south 

 to eastern Panama. 



Field Museum Collection. 242: Yukon Territory (Yukon River, 

 1); British Columbia (Comox, Vancouver Island, 1; Sumas, 2; 

 Okanagan, 1); Saskatchewan (Maple Creek, 5; Big Stick Timber, 3; 

 Cypress Hill, 1) ; Washington (Clallam Bay, 1); Oregon (Corvallis, 4; 

 Seaside, 1; Eagle Point, 1; Tillamook, 1; Imnaha, 1); California 

 (Clipper Gap, 1; Battle Creek, 1; Loreto, 1; Alameda, 1; Wasco, 1; 

 Sisson, 2; Sherwood, 2; Marin County, 3; Los Angeles County, 2; 

 Witch Creek, 20; Lakeside, 1; San Diego, 1; Newberry Springs, 1; 

 Marlbro Grande, 1; Ontario, 1); Arizona (Cochise County, 5; 

 Tucson, 5; Calabasas, 2); Montana (Park County, 1; Miles City, 4); 

 Idaho (Payette, 1; Coeur d'Alene, 2; Montpelier, 1); Utah (Salt 

 Lake City, 1); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 1; New Castle, 12; Hot Sulphur 

 Springs, 1; Gore Range, 2; Rocky Ford, 2; Beulah, 1); New Mexico 

 (Mimbres, 3); Texas (Shumla, 1; Nueces River, 3; Ingram, 1; 

 Cameron County, 1; Austin, 2; Giddings, 1; Dallas, 1); Oklahoma 

 (Woodward County, 1); North Dakota (Eddy County, 1; Nelson 

 County, 9; Ramsey County, 3; Rolette County, 12; Towner County, 

 1); Iowa (Hillsboro, 1); Kansas (Madison, 1); Arkansas (Stuttgart, 

 1; Winslow, 2); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 4); Indiana (Bluffton, 2); 

 Illinois (Chicago, 1; Lewistown, 2); Ohio (Columbus, 1); Maine 

 (Lincoln, 3); Connecticut (East Hartford, 1; New Haven County, 

 17; Stamford, 2; Lyme, 1); New York (Shelter Island, 1; Brockport, 

 1); Georgia (Roswell, 2; Chatham County, 1); Florida (City Point, 

 1; Miami Beach, 1; Key West, 1); Mexico (San Jos6 del Cabo, 

 Lower California, 1; Camoa, Sonora, 3; San Simon, Sinaloa, 3; 

 Pacheco, Chihuahua, 1; Sierra Tarahumare, Chihuahua, 1; Minaca, 

 Chihuahua, 2; Sabinas, Coahuila, 1; Cerro Potosi, Nuevo Leon, 3; 

 Matamoros, Campeche, 1; Pacaitun, Campeche, 1; Chichen Itza, 



Eastern Sparrow Hawk taken on migration, C. s. guatemalensis thus becoming a 

 pure synonym of sparverius. The British Museum "cptype" from Huehuetenango, 

 collected by Richardson on June 19, 1897, however, isF. . tropicalis, the resident 

 Guatemalan race. 




324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Yucatan, 4); El Salvador (Los Esesmiles, Chalatenango, 1; Divi- 

 sadero, Morazan, 2; Mount Cacaguatique, Morazan, 1); Guatemala 

 (Sierra Santa Elena, Chimaltenango, 2; Volcan Tajamulco, San 

 Marcos, 8; Tiquisate, Escuintla, 1; Concepcion del Mar, Escuintla, 1; 

 Gualan, Zacapa, 1; Bobos, Izabal, 2; Los Amates, Izabal, 1); Hon- 

 duras (Cerro Cantoral, Tegucigalpa, 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, 

 Chinandega, 1; Matagalpa, 1); Costa Rica (Volcan Turrialba, 1; 

 Cartago, 1; Coliblanco, Cartago, 1; Guayabo, Cartago, 4; Fila- 

 delphia, Guanacaste, I). 1 



*Falco sparverius phalaena (Lesson). 2 DESERT SPARROW HAWK. 



Tinnunculus phalaena Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., No. 46, col. 1887, June 19, 

 1845 San Bias (Nayarit) and Acapulco (Guerrero), Mexico (location 

 of type not stated); 3 idem, Oeuvr. Buffon, ed. Leveque, 20, (Descr. Mamm. 

 Ois.), p. 178, 1847 (reprint). 



Falco sparverius deserticolus Mearns, Auk, 9, p. 263, July, 1892 Fort Verde, 

 Arizona (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); 

 Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 90, 1902 San Jose del Cabo 

 and Triunfo, Lower California; Bond, Condor, 45, p. 172, 1943 (synonym 

 typical race). 



Tinnunculus sparverius Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, 

 p. 121, 1901 (in part). 



Falco sparverius phalaena Nelson, Auk, 19, p. 398, 1902 western Mexico 

 (crit.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 112, 1929 northern 

 Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 303, 1931 (range); van Rossem, 

 Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 244, 1931 Sonora (El Doctor, Jan.; 

 Tecoripa, March 2-29; Obregon, Nov. 2; Guaymas, Apr. 24, May 3; 

 west of Magdalena, Feb. 2; south of Nogales, Feb. 17); idem, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., 77, p. 430, 1934 Sonora (Alamos, March 13; Cumpas, 

 Feb. 3); Griscom, I.e., 75, p. 374, 1934 Acapulco, Taxco and Chilpan- 

 cingo, Guerrero (Oct. 12-Mar. 15); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, 

 p. 121, 1938 (life hist.); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 534, 



1 Examination of the series in Field Museum does not bear out the validity of 

 the race phalaena, which Hellmayr regarded as a "very poor one." Neither in size 

 nor coloration do birds from the southwest differ from those from the north and 

 east. Therefore no distinction has been made in the list of specimens. See also 

 Wetmore (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 533, 1941) and Bond (Condor, 45, p. 171, 

 1943). B.C. 



2 Falco sparverius phalaena (Lesson), a very poor race, is barely distinguishable 

 by rather larger size and paler rufous upper parts. The applicability of Lesson's 

 term phalaena to the present form is altogether uncertain. No Kestrel appears 

 to breed at San Bias or Acapulco, but both the Eastern and the Desert Sparrow 

 Hawk are common winter visitors along the coast of western Mexico. There is 

 no means of telling from Lesson's description which of the two races he had in 

 mind. I would rather reject his name in favor of deserticolus Mearns. C.E.H. 



3 Probably in the Museum of the Medical School at Rochefort, France, where 

 part of Lesson's private collection was deposited. 






1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 325 



1941 (synonym typical race); Bond, Condor, 45, p. 171 (in text), 1943 

 (synonym typical race). 



Cerchneis sparveria phalaena Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 345, 

 1905 Escuinapa, Sinaloa (Jan. 29); idem, I.e., 22, p. 163, 1906 Rio 

 Sestin (breeding) and Santa Rosalia (Nov.), Durango, Mexico; Swann, 

 Syn. List Accip., p. 154, 1920 (range imaginary); idem, Syn. Accip., 

 p. 223, 1922 (same). 



Falco sparverius sparverius (not of Linnaeus) Swarth, Pac. Coast Avif., 10, 

 p. 28, 1914 Arizona (breeding). 



Cerchneis sparverius phalaena Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 460, 1945 

 (monog.). 



Range. Breeds from western Texas, southern New Mexico, 

 Arizona, southern Nevada, and southern California south to northern 

 Lower California and northwestern Mexico (Sonora to Durango); 

 winters south to the Isthmus of Tehuan tepee. 1 



*Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns. 2 SAN LUCAS SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns, Auk, 9, p. "267, July, 1892 San Jose 1 

 (del Cabo), Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum); Brewster, 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 90, 1902 Cape Region of Lower Cali- 

 fornia; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 112, 1929 Cape district 

 of Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 303, 1931 (range); Bent, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 124, 1938 (life hist.); van Rossem, Occ. 

 Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 65, 1945 Sonora (resident). 



Cerchneis sparveria peninsularis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 154, 1920 (range); 

 idem, Syn. Accip., p. 224, 1922 (range). 



Cerchneis sparverius peninsularis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 462, 1945 

 (monog.). 



Range. Southern Lower California and Sonora, Mexico. 



Field Museum Collection. 7: Mexico, Lower California (San 

 Jose" del Cabo, 1; El Valle, 2; San Bruno, 1; Santa Anita, 1; Sierra 

 Laguna, 1; La Paz, 1). 



Falco sparverius guadalupensis Bond. 3 GUADALUPE ISLAND 

 SPARROW HAWK. 



1 For list of specimens see footnote 1, page 324. 



1 Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns differs from the two preceding races 

 by smaller size, proportionately larger bill, and paler coloration. 



3 Falco sparverius guadalupensis Bond: Said to be much larger than peninsularis, 

 with the light collar on back of neck relatively lighter than in the typical race or 

 peninsularis. Bill relatively small. This form is unknown to the authors. 




326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco sparverius guadalupensis Bond, Condor, 45, p. 179, Sept. 24, 1943 

 Guadalupe Island, Lower California, Mexico (type in Museum of Com- 

 parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). 



Range. Island of Guadalupe, Lower California, Mexico. 



*Falco sparverius paulus (Howe and King). 1 LITTLE SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Cerchneis sparverius paulus Howe and King, Contr. N. Amer. Orn., 1, p. 28, 

 May 21, 1902 Miami, Florida (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, 

 Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 194, 1930); 

 Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 155, 1920 Florida (?Bahama Islands); idem, 

 Syn. Accip., p. 224, 1922 Florida (?Bahama Islands). 



Falco sparverius paulus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 302, 1931 (range); Bent, Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 170, p. 125, 1938 (life hist.). 



Cerchneis sparverius paula Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 461, 1945 (monog.). 



Range. Southern Alabama (probably also Mississippi) to South 

 Carolina and south over the Florida Peninsula. 2 



Field Museum Collection. 45: Georgia (King's Bay, 1); Florida 

 (Peniel, 1; Gainesville, 4; Bradford County, 2; Brevard County, 4; 

 Bade County, 5; Duval County, 1; Dunedin, 1; Pine Island, 2; 

 Nassau County, 4; Osceola County, 1; Palm Beach County, 10; 

 Anclote, 4; Manatee, 1; Enterprise, 3; Naples, 1). 



*Falco sparverius tropicalis (Griscom). 3 GUATEMALAN SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Cerchneis sparveria tropicalis Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 414, p. 1, Mar. 24, 

 1930 Antigua, Guatemala (type in Dwight Collection, American Museum 

 of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, 

 p. 165, 1932 Antigua; idem, Ibis, 1935, p. 810 Sierra de las Minas, 

 Guatemala. 



1 Falco sparverius paulus (Howe and King): Nearest to F. s. sparverius but 

 smaller, with larger bill and rufous of upper parts including wings and tail decidedly 

 darker. 



2 Bryant's sight records (Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 105, 1859) of Tinnunculus 

 sparverius from Nassau (New Providence) and Great Stirrup Cay have never 

 been confirmed by the taking of specimens of any Sparrow Hawk in the Bahama 

 Islands. 



3 Falco sparverius tropicalis (Griscom) : Similar to F. s. sparverius but smaller 

 and much darker rufous above; males with the crown either uniform deep neutral 

 gray or with mere traces of rufous in the middle. Wing, 180-185; tail, 120-125 mm. 



This form is evidently widely distributed over the highlands of Guatemala. 

 The British Museum has two breeding adults from the Sierra de las Minas (July) 

 and an adult male from Huehuetenango (June), all collected by W. B. Richardson. 

 An adult male from Volcan de Agua, above San Diego, obtained by O. Salvin in 

 November, is likewise typical. Griscom's measurements for the males are below 

 the normal, as shown in our specimens. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 327 



Falco sparverius tropicalis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 303, 1931 Guatemala. 

 Cerchneis sparverius tropicalis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 465, 1945 

 part, Guatemala (monog.). 



Range. Highlands of Guatemala (resident). 



Field Museum Collection. 4: Guatemala (Sierra St. Elena, Solola, 

 1; Tecpam, Solola, 1; Acatenango, Chimaltenango, 1; Volcan Taja- 

 mulco, San Marcos, 1). 



*Falco sparverius sparverioides Vigors. 1 CUBAN SPARROW HAWK. 



Falco Sparverioides Vigors, Zool. Journ., 3, No. 11, p. 436, Dec., 1827 

 neighborhood of Havana, Cuba (descr. of dark phase; type in coll. of 

 N. A. Vigors, present whereabouts unknown) ; Fraser, Zool. Typ., Part 5, 

 pi. 30 (dark phase), 1846 Cuba; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 1, Extraheft, 

 p. Ixxvi, 1854 Cuba (plumages; crit.); Cory, Auk, 4, p. 45, 1887 

 Cuba (dark phase); idem, Bds. W. Indies, p. 203, 1889 Cuba (dark 

 phase); idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., pp. 99, 139, 140, 1892 Cuba (color 

 phases); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 294, 1892 near 

 Trinidad, Cuba (plumages); Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 195, 

 1916 Bibijagua, Los Indios, and Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines (crit.; 

 plumages); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 49, 1923 Cuba (crit.; 

 plumages). 



Falco sparverius (not of Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, in Sagra, Hist. He Cuba, Ois., 



p. 25, pi. 1, 1839 Cuba. 

 Tinnunculus dominicensis (not Falco dominicensis Gmelin) Gundlach, Journ. 



Orn., 1, Extraheft, p. Ixxxiv, 1854 Cuba (crit.; plumages); Gundlach, 



in Poey, Rep. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 225, 1865 Cuba (nesting in March 



and April); idem, Journ. Orn., 19, p. 373, 1871 Cuba (habits). 

 Tinnunculus sparverioides Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 247, 



1860 Cuba (descr.; plumages); Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 



1870, p. 149 (dark phase). 

 Falco (Tinnunculus) leucophrys Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., for 



Dec., 1870, p. 147 part, Cuba (cotypes, from Remedios, Cuba, in U. S. 



National Museum; descr. of light phase); idem, in Baird, Brewer and 



Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 161, 1874 part, Cuba (crit.). 

 Cerchneis leucophrys Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 442, 1874 Cuba 



(light phase). 

 Tinnunculus sparveroides Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 



N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 162, 1874 Cuba (crit.). 

 Cerchneis sparverioides Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 443, 1874 Cuba 



(dark phase). 



1 Falco sparverius sparverioides Vigors is remarkable for occurring in two 

 distinct color phases (sparverioides and leucophrys). Failure to understand their 

 significance, although the true nature of the variation had been ascertained by that 

 excellent naturalist Juan Gundlach long ago, caused considerable confusion. 



Among the additional twenty-five Cuban examples examined at the British 

 Museum there are two or three which are just intermediate between the two 

 color-types. 




328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco dominicensis Ridgway, Auk, 8, p. 113, 1891 Cuba (crit.; phases). 

 Cerchneis sparveria dominicensis Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Natur., 39, p. 191, 



1905 Santa Fe, San Juan, Jucaro, Laguna Grande and Los Almacigos, 



Isle of Pines; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 156, 1920 part, Cuba; idem, 



Syn. Accip., p. 225, 1922 part, Cuba. 

 Falco sparverius sparveroides (sic) Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 303, 1931 Cuba 



and Isle of Pines. 

 Falco sparverius sparverioides Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, p. 15, 



1932 Rio Gibara and Rio Fabrico, Cuba; Danforth, Journ. Agric. Univ. 



Puerto Rico, 19, p. 435, 1935 Cuba (food). 

 Cerchneis sparverius sparverioides Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 462, 1945 



(monog.). 



Range. Island of Cuba and Isle of Pines, Greater Antilles. 1 



Field Museum Collection. 26: Cuba (unspecified, 3; San Diego 

 de los Banos, Camaguey, 2; Yateras, 5; Santiago, 2; Guaro, 1; 

 Santa Clara, 3; Guantanamo, 9; Isle of Pines, 1). 



*Falco sparverius dominicensis Gmelin. 2 HISPANIOLAN SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Falco dominicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 285, 1788 based on "L'Emer- 

 illon de S. Domingue" Brisson, Orn., 1, p. 389, pi. 32, fig. 2, San Domingo 

 (type in Reaumur Collection); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 90, 

 1867 Hispaniola; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 44, 1887 part, Haiti and San 

 Domingo; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., pp. 99, 140, 1892 part, Haiti and 

 San Domingo (crit.); Cherrie, Field Columb. Mus., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 23, 

 1896 Santo Domingo; Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1909, p. 358 

 Dominican Republic. 



Tinnunculus sparverius (not Falco sparverius Linnaeus) Salle, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 25, p. 231, 1857 Nizao, Dominican Republic. 



Falco (Hypotriorchis) ferrugineus (not Falco ferrugineus Nordmann, 1835) 

 Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 11, p. 117, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1859 Saint 

 Domingue (type in coll. of H. de Saussure). 3 



Cerchneis dominicensis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 439, 1874 part, 

 Santo Domingo. 



1 Hartlaub (Naumannia, 2, Heft 2, p. 52, 1852) quotes from Wurttemberg's 

 manuscript Falco mercurialis and Falco plumbiceps, which are practically nomina 

 nuda. Both are said to occur in Cuba as well as in Haiti. 



2 Falco sparverius dominicensis Gmelin closely resembles F. s. sparverioides 

 but is somewhat larger and apparently never so strongly rufous below as are a 

 good many Cuban specimens. The phase with nearly uniform slate gray upper 

 parts and deep rufous breast does not seem to exist in Hispaniola. 



3 Unlike the types of the two other species described by Saussure in the same 

 paper, which I have examined in September, 1938, the original specimen of this 

 falcon did not pass into the collection of the Natural History Museum at Geneva. 

 The figure shows the under parts deep rufous with coarse black markings, just as 

 in females of the dark Cuban variety, while the dorsal surface is described as 

 "noir-brunnatre faiblement mouchete de roue." Although I have not seen any 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 329 



Falco sparverius dominicensis Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 401, 

 1917 Monte Cristi, Sosua and Choco, Dominican Republic; Bond, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 493, 1928 Haiti, including Tortue and 

 Gonave Islands; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 362, 1929 Hispaniola; Moltoni, 

 Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 310, 1929 Haina and Moca; Peters, Bds. 

 World, 1, p. 303, 1931 Hispaniola; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 155, p. 119, 1931 Hispaniola (monog.); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 81, p. 15, 1932 Gonave Island, Thomazeau, Petite Cayemite 

 Island, and He a Vache; idem and Lincoln, I.e., 82, No. 25, p. 21, 1933 

 Hispaniola. 



Cerchneis sparveria dominicensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 156, 1920 part, 

 San Domingo; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 225, 1922 part, San Domingo. 



Cerchneis sparverius dominicensis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 463, 1945 

 Hispaniola, Gonave, Tortue, He a Vache (monog.). 



Range. Island of Hispaniola, Greater Antilles, including ad- 

 jacent islands of Gonave, Tortue, and He a Vache. 



Field Museum Collection. 28: Dominican Republic (La Vega, 3; 

 Puerto Plata, 8; Magua, 5); Haiti (Ganthier Lake, 3; Jacmel, 4; 

 Kenscoff, 3; Port au Prince, 1; Tortuga, 1). 



*Falco sparverius caribaearum Gmelin. CARIBBEAN SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Falco caribaearum Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 284, 1788 based on "L'Em- 

 erillon des Antilles," Brisson, Orn., 1, p. Ill, 1763, which in its turn goes 

 back to "L'Emerillon Gry Gry" du Tertre, Hist, des Antilles, 2, p. 253 

 Antilles = Guadeloupe (as suggested by Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 40, p. 92, 

 1892). 



Tinnunculus sparverius (not Falco sparverius Linnaeus) Newton, Ibis, 1859, 

 p. 63 St. Croix; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 374 St. 

 Thomas; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 273 Santa Lucia 

 (crit.); Semper, I.e., 1872, p. 652 Santa Lucia (habits); Gundlach, Journ. 

 Orn., 22, pp. 310, 315, 1874 Puerto Rico; idem, I.e., 26, pp. 158, 163, 

 1878 Puerto Rico (crit.). 



Falco dominicensis (not of Gmelin) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 10, p. 249, 

 1866 Puerto Rico; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 44, 1887 part, Puerto Rico; idem, 

 Bds. W. Ind., p. 202, 1889 part, Puerto Rico; idem, Auk, 7, pp. 374, 

 375, 1890 Anegada, Tortola and Virgin Gorda; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., 

 p. 99, 1892 part, Puerto Rico; Bowdish, Auk, 19, p. 361, 1902 Puerto 

 Rico. 



Falco sparverius Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26, pp. 686, 

 601, 1869 St. Bartholomew and Puerto Rico; Feilden, Ibis, 1889, p. 

 489 Barbados (sight record). 



bird like Saussure's plate, it can hardly be anything but an individual variety of 

 the female Hispaniolan Sparrow Hawk. Fortunately, the name is preoccupied. 



C.E.H. 



For further remarks on this type see Hellmayr, Rev. Suisse Zool. Geneve, 49, 

 p. 560, 1942. This paper was unavailable to the junior author. B.C. 




330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



(Tinnunculus sparverius) var. dominicensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and 



Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 167, 1874 Lesser Antilles to St. 



Thomas (crit.). 

 Tinnunculus sparverius var. antillarum 1 "Gmelin"; Lawrence, Proc. U. S. 



Nat. Mus., 1, pp. 65, 236, 240, 1878 Dominica, Antigua and Barbuda; 



idem, I.e., 1, pp. 274, 359, 459, 1879 Grenada (rare), Martinique and 



Guadeloupe. 

 Tinnunculus dominicensis Gundlach, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 163, 



1878 Puerto Rico. 

 Tinnunculus sparverius antillarum Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 169, 



1880 Santa Lucia (crit.). 



Tinnunculus antillarum Gurney, Ibis, 1881, pp. 547, 551, 556, 560 St. Croix, 

 Guadeloupe, Dominica, Santa Lucia, etc. (crit.). 



Tinnunculus caribbaearum Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 491 Montserrat; Ridgway, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, p. 172, 1884 St. Thomas; Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 326 Dominica; idem, I.e., 1892, p. 499 Anguilla. 



Falco sparverius caribbaearum Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 474 Marie Galante and 

 La Desirade; Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 240, 1905 Barbados 

 (ex Feilden), St. Vincent (Kingstown, Feb. 6, 1904), Beguia (Dec. 2, 1903), 

 and Grenada (windward district); Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and 

 Virgin Islands, 9, p. 327, 1927 Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (crit.; habits); 

 Peters, Auk, 44, p. 534, 1927 Anguilla; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 80, p. 527, 1928 Dominica and Santa Lucia; Danforth, Journ. 

 Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 14, p. 115, 1930 St. Croix, Tortola, and Virgin 

 Gorda; Beatty, I.e., p. 139, 1930 St. Croix; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 303, 

 1931 (range); Danforth, Auk, 31, p. 357, 1934 Antigua; idem, Monog. 

 Univ. Puerto Rico, Ser. B, No. 3, p. 26, 1935 Santa Lucia. 



Falco caribbaearum Cory, Auk, 4, p. 46, 1887 (descr.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1889, p. 395 Santa Lucia; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 204, 1889 

 Lesser Antilles; idem, Auk, 7, p. 374, 1890 Anegada; idem, Auk, 8, 

 pp. 46-48, 1891 Anguilla, Antigua, St. Eustatius, St. Croix, St. Kitts 

 and Guadeloupe; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., pp. 99, 139, 140, 1892 

 Puerto Rico and Antilles; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 8, p. 326, 

 1892 Dominica; Nicoll, Ibis, 1905, p. 572 Montserrat. 



Tinnunculus sparverius caribbaearum Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 622, 

 1887 Grenada (rare resident). 



Cerchneis sparveria caribaearum Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, p. 282, 1904 

 Barbuda and Antigua; Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 365, 1916 

 Guadeloupe; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 155, 1920 (range); idem, Syn. 

 Accip., p. 224, 1922 (range). 



Cerchneis sparveria loquacula Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, p. 284, Nov. 9, 

 1904 Isabel II, Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (type in U. S. National 

 Museum); Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 86, 1926 

 Cartagena Lagoon, Puerto Rico. 



Falco sparverius loquacula Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 31, 1916 

 Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra; idem, Auk, 33, p. 410, 1916 Vieques; 



1 Evidently a pen-slip for caribaearum. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 331 



idem, I.e., 34, p. 57, 1917 Culebra; Struthers, I.e., 40, p. 471, 1923 

 Anasco, Puerto Rico; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 303, 1931 Puerto Rico 

 east to Anegada Passage. 



Cerchneis sparverius caribaearum Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 464, 1945 

 (monog.). 



Range. Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, Greater Antilles and 

 the whole chain of the Lesser Antilles from Anguilla to Grenada 

 (rare on the southern islands, doubtfully recorded from Barbados). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 121: Puerto Rico (Mayaguez, 5; un- 

 specified, 2); Virgin Islands (St. Croix, 8; Anegada, 7; Virgin Gorda, 

 23; Tortola, 2); Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, 3; St. Eustatius, 11; 

 St. Christopher, 21; Antigua, 11; Guadeloupe, 12; Desirade, 3; 

 Marie Galante, 3; Dominica, 2; Santa Lucia, 8). 



*Falco sparverius brevipennis (Berlepsch). 2 SHORT-WINGED 

 SPARROW HAWK. 



Tinnunculus sparverius brevipennis Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 40, p. 91, Jan., 

 1892 Curacao Island (type in coll. of H. von Berlepsch, now in Frankfort 

 Museum); Hartert, Ibis, 1893, pp. 303, 321, 338 Aruba, Curacao, and 

 Bonaire; idem, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 304, 1902 same localities. 



Tinnunculus sparverius subsp. brevipennis Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. 

 Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 11, 1899 Curacao. 



Falco sparverius brevipennis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, pp. 198, 

 205, 210, 253, 1909 Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire; Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 303, 1931 (range). 



Cerchneis sparveria brevipennis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, 

 p. 332, 1915 (crit.). 



1 After studying a large series representing nearly every island from Puerto 

 Rico to Santa Lucia, we are in complete agreement with Wetmore that C. 8. 

 loquacula (of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) cannot be separated from the 

 Lesser Antillean form. All of the alleged characters prove to be individual and 

 not restricted to any particular island. As a matter of fact, the males with the 

 most deeply colored breasts and the female with largest rufous crown patch are 

 from Santa Lucia. 



Additional specimens examined. St. Thomas, 4; Virgin Gorda, 3; Anegada, 2; 

 Anguilla, 2; St. Eustatius, 2; St. Kitts, 1; Antigua, 2; Montserrat, 4; Guadeloupe, 

 3; Dominica, 2; Santa Lucia, 6. 



2 Falco sparverius brevipennis (Berlepsch) : Very similar to F. 8. ochraceus but 

 slightly smaller; back generally paler and more vinaceous, less rufous; breast paler, 

 apparently never darker than pinkish cinnamon; black spotting on under wing 

 coverts and on flanks much heavier. Wing, 160 (male) to 182 (female); tail, 115- 

 130. Not one of the color characters holds in every individual, and even the pale 

 breast, the most reliable feature of the race, is shown by a male (of the race 

 ochraceus) from El Valle, Merida. In small size and light-colored breast F. 8. 

 brevipennis closely approaches F. 8. margaritensis but may be immediately dis- 

 tinguished by having the sides of the upper belly coarsely spotted with black. 

 From F. s. caribaearum it is easily separable by uniform or, if provided with black 

 markings, spotted rather than barred back and tail, and lighter gray upper wing 

 coverts with much fewer and smaller, if any, black spots. 




332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cerchneis isabellina brevipennis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 160, 1920 (range); 



idem, Syn. Accip., p. 229, 1922 (range). 

 Cerchneis sparverius brevipennis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 471, 1945 



(monog.). 



Range. Islands of Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire, southern 

 Caribbean Sea. 



Field Museum Collection. 14: Dutch West Indies (Aruba, 4; 

 Curacao, 10). 



*Falco sparverius margaritensis (Cory). 1 MARGARITA SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Cerchneis sparverius margaritensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, 



p. 297, Feb. 23, 1915 Margarita Island, Venezuela (type in Field Museum 



of Natural History, Chicago); idem, I.e., p. 331, 1915 Margarita Island 



(crit.). 

 Falco sparverius Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 661, 



1895 Margarita Island; Pbelps, Auk, 14, p. 366, 1897 San Antonio 



and Cumanacoa (Sucre), Venezuela; Clark, Auk, 19, p. 261, 1902 



Margarita Island. 

 Cerchneis isabellina (not Falco isabellinus Swainson) Lowe, Ibis, 1907, p. 556 



Margarita Island. 

 Falco sparverius isabellinus Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, pp. 241, 



253, 1909 Margarita Island (crit.). 

 Cerchneis sparveria isabellina Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 373, 



1915 part, San Antonio, Bermudez, Venezuela. 

 Falco sparverius margaritensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 304, 1931 Margarita 



Island. 

 Cerchneis sparverius ochracea Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 470, 1945 



part, Margarita Island (monog.). 



Range. Northeastern Venezuela, in Dept. Sucre including 

 Margarita Island. 2 



1 Falco sparverius margaritensis (Cory) : Very close to F. s. ochraceus but under 

 parts paler, the color of the breast varying from pinkish cinnamon to pinkish buff, 

 and the gray of the head in adult males clearer; females underneath paler, the 

 breast washed with buffy rather than cinnamon and as a rule less heavily striped ; 

 size on average smaller. 



This form is an intermediate to F. s. isabellinus and, though not possessed 

 with any character of its own, yet it cannot well be united to either of its allies. 

 Specimens with the darkest breast are inseparable from the palest ochraceus, while 

 on the other hand the light-breasted birds are matched by various individuals 

 from British Guiana. If the race is to be maintained it is quite evident that the 

 Sparrow Hawks of northeastern Venezuela (Dept. Sucre) must go with margari- 

 tensis, since series from Margarita Island and Mount Turumiquire, in coloration 

 as well as in size, vary exactly within the same limits, and do not show, one from 

 another, any appreciable difference. Such an agreement is quite in accordance 

 with our zoological knowledge of eastern Venezuela. 



Additional material examined. Venezuela: Margarita Island, 2. 



2 Whether any form of Sparrow Hawk occurs on the Island of Trinidad is an 

 open question. Cavendish Taylor (Ibis, 1864, p. 80) reports "Tinnunculus spar- 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 333 



Field Museum Collection. 12: Venezuela (Margarita Island, 6; 

 Mount Turumiquire, Sucre, 6). 



*Falco sparverius isabellinus Swainson. ISABELLINE SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Falco isabellinus Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 281, Dec. 31, 1837 Demerara 

 (type in British Museum examined). 1 



Falco sparverius (not of Linnaeus) Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 1, 

 p. 286, 1847 near Pirara. 



Cerchneis sparverius Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," 

 p. 734, 1849 savanna (near Pirara). 



Tinnunculus sparverius var. Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 627, 

 634, 1863 Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 

 1, p. 5, 1867 Forte do Rio Branco. 



Cerchneis isabellina Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 441, 1874 part, spec, 

 b-d, British Guiana; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 279, 1916 Roraima, 

 Upper Takutu Mountains, and Rupununi savannas. 



Tinnunculus isabellinus Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 560 part, British Guiana 

 (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 76 Roraima. 



Tinnunculus sparverius isabellinus Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 437 Angostura, 

 Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; idem and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 

 Ciudad Bolivar, Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, Rio Catanapa, 

 Puerto Samoro, and Perico, Orinoco Valley, Venezuela; Berlepsch, I.e., 

 15, p. 294, 1908 Cayenne, French Guiana. 



Cerchneis sparveria distincta Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 297, 

 Feb. 23, 1915 Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Brazil (type in Field Museum of 

 Natural History, Chicago, examined); idem, I.e., p. 330, 1915 Rio Branco 

 (crit.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 93, 1937 (ex Cory). 



verius" as occasionally seen in Trinidad but much less common there than in the 

 Antillean Islands. His collection, now in the British Museum, does not contain 

 any specimens. Belcher and Smooker (Ibis, 1934, p. 595) claim Falco sparverius 

 sparverius to be "resident in marshes and mangrove swamps," and ascribe a 

 nest with four eggs found in the hole of an Immortelle tree near the Caroni Swamp 

 (May 26!) to this purely North American Hawk. As no specimen has been 

 secured, this extraordinary record cannot be accepted without more satisfactory 

 evidence. Finsch (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 656) lists a young female of 

 Falco sparverius, but it is established that his "Trinidad" collection, at least in 

 part, came from the Venezuelan mainland. Finally, Gurney 's record (Ibis, 1881, 

 p. 561) from Trinidad is too indefinite to be seriously considered. If some form 

 of Sparrow Hawk occurs at all on the island, it is more likely to beF. a. margaritensis 

 than any other. 



1 The type (No. 37.7.15.45) is an adult male with just two tiny reddish spots 

 in the gray of the hind crown and wholly unspotted under parts, thus closely 

 agreeing with Swainson's description. It was collected by Sir Robert Schomburgk 

 in British Guiana. Sharpe (Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 442, 1874) lists it as speci- 

 men b. The two other Schomburgk specimens, both males with large rufous 

 crown patches, correspond to the characterization of the "young male." No 

 female from Schomburgk's collection is in the British Museum. Specimen 2, 

 erroneously entered as "type of species," has no history. 




334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cerchneis sparveria perplexa Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 327, 

 Aug. 7, 1915 lower Essequibo River, British Guiana (type in Field 

 Museum of Natural History, examined). 



Cerchneis sparveria isabellina Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 373, 

 1915 part, British Guiana and Venezuela (Caicara, Orinoco, and Maripa, 

 Caura) (crit.); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 328, 1915 

 British Guiana (descr.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 347, 

 1916 Orinoco Valley from the Delta region (Las Barrancas) to the falls 

 of Maipures. 



Cerchneis isabellina isabellina Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 159, 1920 part, 

 Guiana and Rio Branco (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 228, 1922 (in part). 



Falco sparverius isabellinus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 303, 1931 part, Cayenne. 



Falco sparverius perplexus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 304, 1931 (ex Cory). 



Falco sparverius distinctus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 304, 1931 (ex Cory). 



Cerchneis sparverius isabellina Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 471, 1945 

 part, southern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil (monog.). 



Range. French, Dutch and British Guiana, southern Venezuela 

 (Orinoco Valley and its tributaries), and the adjacent parts of 

 Brazil (upper Rio Branco). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 12: British Guiana (Lower Rio 

 Essequibo, 2); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 7; Sierra da Lua, 

 near Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 3). 



1 Careful comparison of twenty-one Guianan (isabellinus) and sixteen Rio 

 Branco (distinctus) specimens reveals their absolute identity. The gray of the 

 crown in Brazilian birds is by no means paler. The white and dusky barring of 

 the inner webs of remiges is subject to much individual variation. Two birds 

 from the Rio Branco have the dark bars just as wide and continuous as in the 

 majority from British Guiana, whereas a male each from Roraima and Quonga 

 have even more white than any from Brazil. Dimensions in the two series are 

 exactly the same, measuring, in adult males from British Guiana, wings 172-182, 

 tails 118-130, in those from Brazil, 175-180 and 118-130, respectively. In both 

 series of males, there are specimens with wholly gray crowns, some with a con- 

 spicuous rufous crown patch and others with just a few rufous spots in the middle. 



Birds from the Caura and Orinoco valleys agree in every respect. With 

 only one other bird from British Guiana for comparison, the late C. B. Cory 

 based on a single male, supposed to be from the lower Essequibo, his C. s. perplexa, 

 which in the light of the extensive series in the British Museum proves to be an 

 individual variant of F. s. isabellinus. While the most deeply colored specimen in 

 the whole lot (the breast being nearly tawny with a touch of orange-cinnamon), 

 the type is closely approached by a male from the great Savannah Rupununi. 

 From this latter the series examined shows an almost uninterrupted chain from 

 darkest down to the lightest individuals (one each from Roraima and Quonga), 

 which have a pinkish buff breast. Cory's example has the scapulars more strongly 

 barred with black, but in this respect again it is very nearly matched by a male 

 from Quonga, while the remaining specimens are either wholly unspotted or 

 show various traces of such markings. In comparison to margaritensis and och- 

 raceus the lighter gray crown is not an absolutely constant feature of the Guianan 

 birds. The female of perplexa, spoken of by Cory, is absolutely indistinguishable 

 from others of the same sex. The original label of the type bears no locality 

 but Rodway subsequently informed the describer that it had been shot on the 

 "lower Essequibo River." We venture to question the correctness of this state- 

 ment, since the Isabelline Sparrow Hawk is reported by all competent observers, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 335 



*Falco sparverius ochraceus (Cory). 1 OCHRACEOUS SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Cerchneis sparverius ochracea Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 298, 

 Feb. 23, 1915 Colon, Tachira, Venezuela (type in Field Museum of 

 Natural History, examined); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, 

 p. 374, 1915 Eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela (crit.); 

 Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 326, 1915 western Venezuela 

 and adjoining section of Colombia (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, 

 p. 470, 1945 part, except Margarita Island (monog.). 



Tinnunculus sparverius (not Falco sparverius Linnaeus) Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 252 Plain of Valencia, Venezuela; iidem, 

 I.e., 1870, p. 782 Merida, Venezuela; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 Ocana, 

 Santander, Colombia. 



Cerchneis isabellina (not Falco isabellinus Swainson) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. 

 Mus., 1, p. 441, 1874 part, spec, e-1, Caracas, Venezuela. 



Cerchneis cinnamomina (not Falco cinnamominus Swainson) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 439, 1874 part, spec, o-s, Bogota, New Granada. 



Cerchneis sparveria intermedia Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, 

 p. 325, Aug. 7, 1915 Villavicencio, base of Eastern Andes, Colombia 



such as Schomburgk, Quelch and McConnell, to be confined to the open grass- 

 lands, and has never been found by anybody else in the wooded districts near the 

 coast. 



Additional material examined. British Guiana: Roraima, 5; Quonga, 3; Great 

 Savannah Rupununi, 2; Upper Takutu Mountains, 3; unspecified, 6. Brazil: 

 Forte do Rio Branco, 4. Venezuela: Caura Valley, 2; Angostura, Orinoco, 2. 



1 Falco sparverius ochraceus (Cory) differs from F. s. isabellinus by somewhat 

 longer wings and more richly colored under parts, the breast and upper abdomen 

 varying from cinnamon to orange-cinnamon (instead of from pinkish buff to dark 

 pinkish cinnamon), this color passing, on tibial feathers and under tail coverts, 

 into pinkish buff rather than buffy-white. Besides, the more blackish barring 

 across the inner webs of the remiges is wider and extends to the edge of the feathers; 

 the black subterminal band on the lateral rectrices is broader; the gray of the 

 crown in adult males is rather darker, and the females are much more heavily 

 streaked underneath. 



A very satisfactory series of twenty adult males from the Cordillera of Merida 

 admirably illustrates the individual variation of this form. The great majority 

 are easily recognizable by much darker under parts and larger size, but two or 

 three unusually small specimens with rather light cinnamon breasts are separated 

 only with difficulty from certain dark-breasted individuals from British Guiana 

 (isabellinus). In the Caracas region there seems to be a tendency to smaller size 

 and paler coloration, thus verging to margaritensis, though one male is just as 

 deeply orange-cinnamon on the breast as any from the Merida region. 



Birds from the Eastern Andes of Colombia (intermedia) average very slightly 

 larger, but do not differ in coloration, the alleged divergency in the width of the 

 black subterminal tail-band proving to be non-existent. 



The wings of adult males measure from 176 to 192 in the Merida region of 

 Venezuela; from 168-178 in the Caracas region and from 184 to 190 in the East 

 Colombian Andes. A single male from the Plain of Valencia, Carabobo, is smaller 

 (wing 172) but extremely typical in coloration (breast deep cinnamon). 



Additional material examined. Colombia: El Pifton, Bogota region, 3; Ano- 

 laima, 3; Fusugasuga, 2; "Bogota," 7. Venezuela: Merida region (El Valle, Es- 

 corial, Merida), 28; Silla de Caracas, 1; Caracas, 7; Plain of Valencia, Carabobo, 1. 




336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



(type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Chapman, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 251, 1917 part, Rio Toche, Honda, 

 Andalucia, Fusugasuga, El Pinon, La Herrera, La Olanda, Tena, Anolaima, 

 Caqueza, Villavicencio and Barrigon, Colombia. 



Cerchneis isabellina ochracea Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 160, 1920 part, 

 Merida region of Venezuela and eastern Andes of Colombia (crit.; range); 

 idem, Auk, 38, p. 364, 1921 Merida region; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 229, 

 1922 part, Merida region and eastern Colombia (crit.). 



Falco sparverius intermedius Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 304, 1931 Colombia. 



Falco sparverius ochraceus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 304, 1931 Venezuela. 



Cerchneis sparverius intermedia Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 470, 1945 

 (monog.). 



Falco sparverius ochracea Nic6foro, Caldasia, 3, No. 14, p. 370, 1945 Colombia 

 (Paramo de Tama; Cucuta; Gramalote). 



Range. Mountains of northwestern Venezuela (east to the 

 Caracas region) and eastern Colombia (eastern slope of Central 

 and Eastern Andes). 1 



Field Museum Collection. 13: Colombia (Cartagena, Bolivar, 1; 

 Fundacion, Santa Marta, 1; La Holanda, Cundinamarca, 1; Paramo 

 de Tama, Santander, 2; Villavicencio, Meta, 3); Venezuela (El Valle, 

 Merida, 2; Rio Mucujon, Merida, 1; Colon, Tachira, 2). 



*Falco sparverius caucae (Chapman). 2 CAUCA SPARROW HAWK. 



Cerchneis sparverius caucae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 375, 

 May 24, 1915 La Manuelita (near Palmira), Cauca Valley, Colombia 



1 A probably undescribed race occurs in northern Colombia from Cartagena 

 to the Santa Marta region. It is much smaller than F. s. ochraceus, being about 

 the size of F. s. margaritensis. The males resemble the latter in coloration except 

 in having the breast, particularly on the sides, profusely marked with large black- 

 ish spots, while the females are as heavily streaked underneath as those of ochraceus. 

 The few available specimens (a pair each from Valencia and Manaure) run, how- 

 ever, so close to F. s. brevipennis, of the Dutch West Indies, that we are reluctant 

 to formally propose a name for this form, the synonymy of which is given below. 

 Measurements of wings: Males, 172, 175; females, 175, 182. 



Tinnunculus sparverius (not Falco sparverius Linnaeus) Salvin and Godman, 

 Ibis, 1879, p. 206 Manaure; iidem, Ibis, 1880, p. 177 Valencia; Gurney, 

 Ibis, 1881, pp. 548, 553 Manaure (crit.). 

 Falco sparverius Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 172, 1898 Palomina 



and San Miguel, Santa Marta. 

 Cerchneis sparveria subsp. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 252, 



1917 part, Turbaco, Colombia. 



Falco sparverius isabellinus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 

 p. 162, 1922 Macotama, La Conception, Taquina, Mamatoco, San 

 Miguel, Fundacion and Pueblo Viejo, Santa Marta; Darlington, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 368, 1931 Cienaga to Aracataca, Rio Frio, 

 Colombia. 



1 Falco sparverius caucae (Chapman) : Agrees with F. s. ochraceus in richly 

 colored under parts but sides, in the male sex, conspicuously spotted with black 

 and crown of head blacker, dark neutral gray to dusky neutral gray instead of 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 337 



(type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Cory, 

 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 321, 1915 western Colombia (La 

 Manuelita, Cali, La Florida, Noanama) (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. N. H., 36, p. 251, 1917 Cali, Popayan, La Florida, La Manuelita, 

 Miraflores and Laguneta, Colombia; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 469, 

 1945 (monog.). 



Tinnunculus sparverius (not Falco sparverius Linnaeus) Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541 Envigado, Concordia, Medellin, 

 and Santa Elena, Colombia (eggs descr.). 



Cerchneis isabellina (not Falco isabellinus Swainson) Piguet, Mem. Soc. Neu. 

 Sci. Nat., 5, p. 806, 1914 Medellin. 



Cerchneis sparveria intermedia (not of Cory) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 

 36, p. 251, 1917 part, La Frijolera and Barro Blanco, Cauca. 



Cerchneis sparveria subsp. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 252, 

 1917 part, Noanama, Colombia. 



Falco sparverius caucae Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 304, 1931 Cauca Valley. 

 Cerchneis cinnamominus equatorialis (not Falco sparverius aequatorialis Mearns) 



Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 158, 1920 part, Colombia; idem, Syn. Accip., 



p. 227, 1922 part, Colombia. 



Range. Western Colombia in the mountains bordering the 

 Cauca Valley. 



Field Museum Collection. 10: Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, 

 Cauca, 10). 



*Falco sparverius aequatorialis Mearns. ECUADORIAN SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



neutral gray to deep neutral gray; females distinguishable only by the somewhat 

 darker gray crown. Wing, 185-193, (female) 185-198; tail, 125-138. 



Compared to birds from the Eastern Andes of Colombia (ochraceus) this form 

 is fairly distinct, though occasional specimens, such as a male from La Holanda, 

 may have the flanks just as strongly spotted with blackish as caucae. While 

 Chapman identified single examples from the lower Cauca as "intermedia," a 

 series from the Medellin region, including several adult males with heavily spotted 

 flanks and dark neutral crown, are unquestionably referable to the present form. 

 On the other hand, we are very doubtful if F. s. caucae can be separated from F . s. 

 aequatorialis, and we fail to find any character by which to distinguish the two 

 admittedly small series from western Colombia and Ecuador. There is hardly 

 any difference in size (see measurements), while both lots comprise males with 

 heavily spotted and others with faintly marked flanks. The head, in three or 

 four Ecuadorian skins, is somewhat lighter, but the others are fully as dark- 

 capped as any from Colombia. Yet we should like to see a larger series before 

 relegating caucae to the synonymy of aequatorialis. 



Measurements. Adult males (caucae), wing, 182, 185, 188, 193, 193; tail, 128, 

 130, 135, 130. (aequatorialis), wing, 190, 190, 190, 194, 195, 195, 200; tail, 134, 

 135, 135, 136, 140, 140, 142. Adult females (caucae), wing, 182, 185, 190, 192, 

 196, 198; tail, 125, 126, 135, 135, 136, 138. (aequatorialis), wing, 195, 196, 197, 

 200; tail, 133, 135, 140. 



Additional material examined. Colombia: Atuncela, Western Andes, 2; 

 Lomitas, 2; vicinity of Pasto, 1; Envigado, 2; Concordia, 4; Medellin, 1. 




338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Falco sparverius aequatorialis Mearns, Auk, 9, p. 269, July, 1892 "Guaya- 

 quil," Ecuador 1 (type in U. S. National Museum); Peters, Bds. World, 

 1, p. 304, 1931 (range). 



Tinnunculus sparverius (not Falco sparverius Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 26, p. 556, 1858 Matos; idem, I.e., 27, p. 147, 1859 Palla- 

 tanga; idem, I.e., 28, p. 96, 1860 Calacali and Puellaro; Goodfellow, Ibis, 

 1902, p. 222 Quito. 



Cerchneis cinnamomina (not Falco cinnamominus Swainson) Taczanowski 

 and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 110 Riobamba and 

 Chimborazo. 



Tinnunculus sparverius cinnamominus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501, 1898 

 Cayambe; M6negaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc. Me>id. Equat., 

 9, p. B. 13, 1911 Mozo, Pichincha. 



Tinnunculus cinnamominus Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, 

 No. 368, p. 31, 1900 part, El Troje (Huaca), Ibarra and La Conception 

 (Chota Valley). 



Cerchneis sparverius aequatorialis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, 

 p. 376, 1915 Ecuador (crit.); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, 

 p. 322, 1915 Ecuador (crit. note on type); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 N. H., 55, p. 240, 1926 Chanchan, Chiquancay, Huigra, near Chunchi, 

 Riobamba, Cumbaya, below Chambo, Chimborazo, Urbina, Pomasqui, 

 Pintag, Yaguarcocha, near Quito, Pichincha, Gualea, Mindo and Palla- 

 tanga (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 469, 1945 (monog.). 



Cerchneis sparveria andina Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 323, 

 Aug. 7, 1915 Quito, Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural 

 History, New York). 



Cerchneis cinnamominus equatorialis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 158, 1920 

 part, Ecuador; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 227, 1922 part, Ecuador. 



Falco sparverius cinnamominus Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 33, 

 Tingo and Aluguincho, p. 356, 1927 Val de Tumbaco, Val de San Pedro. 



Range. Subtropical and Temperate zones of Ecuador north of 

 the Chanchan Valley. 2 



Field Museum Collection. 8 : Ecuador (Alto Turubamba, Pichin- 

 cha, 1; Cerro Tanlagua, Pichincha, 2; San Antonio, Pichincha, 1; 

 Valle de Zambeza, Pichincha, 1; Cerro Chimborazo, Chimborazo, 2; 

 Ambato, Tunguragua, 1). 



1 As pointed out by Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 377, 1915; 

 I.e., 55, p. 241, 1926) the original locality is incorrect and the type undoubtedly 

 came from the interior tableland of Ecuador. No kestrel is found in the Tropical 

 zone about Guayaquil. Measurements (adult male): wing, 197; tail, 137 (teste 

 Chapman). 



2 It is now an established fact that only one form of Sparrow Hawk exists in 

 Ecuador north of the Chanchan River. As we have explained in a footnote to 

 F. s. caucae, it varies just as much individually as do all the other races. 



Additional material examined. Ecuador: Carapungo, 1; Pomasqui, 1; Pichin- 

 cha, 4; unspecified, 4. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 339 



*Falco sparverius peruvianus (Cory). 1 PERUVIAN SPARROW 

 HAWK. 



Cerchneis sparveria peruviana Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 296, 

 1915 Chachapoyas, Peru (type in Field Museum of Natural History, 

 examined); idem, I.e., p. 319, Aug., 1915 part, Peru (Chachapoyas, 

 Macate, Menocucho, Mirador, Hacienda Lim6n, Cajamarca, Lima) (crit.); 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 242, 1926 La Chonta, Santa 

 Rosa, Casanga, Guainche, Celica, and Alamor, Ecuador (crit.). 



Falco sparverius (not of Linnaeus) Tschudi, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 110, 

 1846 from the seacoast to the high Cordilleras. 



Tinnunculus sparverius Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 

 p. 988 Arequipa, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 176 Tambo Valley, Arequipa, 

 Peru; iidem, I.e., p. 569 Arequipa, Peru. 



Cerchneis cinnamomina (not Falco cinnamominus Swainson) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 439, 1874 part, spec. 1-n, Tambo Valley, Peru; Tac- 

 zanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 154, 1884 Peru. 



Tinnunculus cinnamominus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 

 550 Lima, Huanta, and Palcamayo, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 242 Chota, 

 Peru; Salvin, I.e., 1883, p. 427 part, Payta, Peru; Salvadori and Pesta, 

 Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 31, 1900 part, San Bartolome 

 (Azuay) and Canar, Ecuador. 



Tinnunculus sparverius cinnamominus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 388 Lima and lea, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1902, (2), p. 

 43 Palcamayo, Peru. 



Cerchneis sparverius caucae (not of Chapman) Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 

 p. 445, 1918 Sullana, Piura, Peru. 



Cerchneis cinnamominus aequatorialis (not of Mearns) Chubb, Ibis, 1919, 

 p. 290 part, Ecuador (Canar) and Peru (Piura, Carohas, Arequipa). 



Cerchneis sparveria peruviana Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, 

 p. 248, 1930 Huanuco, mountains near Huanuco, Vista Alegre and 

 Cullcui (Rio Maranon), Peru (crit.)T Hellmayr, I.e., 19, p. 285, 1932 

 Chacalluta, Tacna, Chile; Philippi, El Hornero, 6, p. 232, 1936 Lluta, 



1 Falco sparverius peruvianus (Cory), an extremely variable form, is hard to 

 characterize. While easily distinguishable from F. s. aequatorialis in the male 

 sex by much paler, warm buff to ochraceous, instead of deep tawny, and much more 

 spotted breast, as well as much lighter, pale buff instead of deep cinnamon-buff, 

 posterior under parts, it is rather difficult to separate from F. . cinnamominus, 

 although the reduction or even absence of the black barring on the back, the 

 slightly wider black subterminal band of the rectrices, and the generally smaller 

 size will serve to identify the males, at least in most cases. The difference in size 

 does not hold in the females, which are, however, as a rule brighter rufous above 

 and have more white on the forehead. Birds from southern Ecuador (Maravina) 

 are exactly like the Peruvian series. Some individuals from extreme southwestern 

 Peru (Arequipa), like a single female from Tacna, are fully as large as cinnamominus. 



Measurements. Adult males: wing, 175-185, (Arequipa) 189. Adult females: 

 wing, 185-198, (Tacna) 200. 



Additional material examined. Ecuador: Maravina, 3; Canar, 2. Peru: 

 Payta, 2; Piura, 1; Carohas, Ancachs, 1; Vina, Huamachuco, 2; Malca, Caja- 

 bamba, 2; Lima, 2; Changay, Lima, 2; Chorillos, Lima, 1; Tambo Valley, Arequipa, 

 2; Arequipa, 2. 




340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Tacna, Chile; idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Santiago, 16, p. 49, 1938 Chin- 



chorro, Tacna, Chile. 



Falco sparverius peruvianus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 305, 1931 (range). 

 Cerchneis sparverius peruviana Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 468, 1945 



(monog.). 



Range. Subtropical and Temperate zones of southwestern 

 Ecuador (south of the Chanchan Valley), Peru (excepting the 

 extreme southeastern section) and extreme northern Chile (Tacna 

 Province). 



Field Museum Collection. 25: Ecuador (El Tambo, Canar, 1; 

 Yana Urcu, Azuay, 3; Giran, Azuay, 1; Cajanuma, Loja, 1); Peru 

 (Hacienda Limon, northeast of Balsas, Amazonas, 1; Chachapoyas, 

 Amazonas, 1; Menocucho, Libertad, 1; Macate, Ancachs, 5; Mirador, 

 Ancachs, 2; Cullcui, Huanuco, 2; Huanuco, Huanuco, 3; Vista 

 Alegre, Huanuco, 1; Huanuco Mountains, 1; Cajamarca, 1); Chile 

 (Chacalluta, Tacna, 1). 



Falco sparverius fernandensis (Chapman). 1 JUAN FERNANDEZ 

 SPARROW HAWK. 



Cerchneis sparverius fernandensis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, 

 p. 379, Mar. 27, 1915 Mas A Tierra Island, Juan Fernandez Group, 

 Chile (type in Brewster-Sanford Collection, the American Museum of 

 Natural History, New York); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, 

 p. 316, 1915 Juan Fernandez Islands (crit.); Lonnberg, in Skottsberg, 

 Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez, 3, p. 9, 1921 Mas A Tierra (crit.); Swann, 

 Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 467, 1945 (monog.). 



Falco sparverius (not of Linnaeus) Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 244, 

 1868 part, Juan Fernandez. 



Falco cinnamominus (not of Swainson) Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 244, 

 1868 Juan Fernandez. 



Tinnunculus sparverius Reed, Ibis, 1874, pp. 82, 83 Mas A Tierra (crit.). 



Tinnunculus cinnamominus Johow, Est. Flora Fauna Isl. Juan Fernandez, 

 p. 237, 1896 Mas A Tierra. 



\Falco sparverius fernandensis (Chapman): Very close to F. s. cinnamominus 

 and in the male sex not distinguishable with certainty, though the under parts, as 

 a rule, are more strongly washed with cinnamon-buff, deepening to cinnamon 

 on the chest, and more heavily spotted with black, especially laterally; females 

 decidedly duller above with the bars dusky rather than blackish, hence less pro- 

 nounced, and much more deeply colored underneath, cinnamon-buff rather than 

 buffy whitish, with the dark pectoral markings much coarser and developing into 

 broad transverse bars on the flanks. Wing, 190-192, (female) 195-200 mm. 



Eight specimens from Mas A Tierra show this insular race to be extremely 

 variable. The upper parts of the males vary from nearly unspotted to heavily 

 barred, exactly as in a very large series of the Chilean form, while in intensity and 

 amount of spotting underneath the island birds can be matched by occasional 

 individuals from the continent. The females, however, are readily separated by 

 the characters given above. 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 341 



Cerchneis cinnamomina fernandensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 159, 1920 

 (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 227, 1922 (chars.). 



Falco sparverius fernandensis Peters, Bds. World, I, p. 305, 1931 (range); 

 (?)Brandt, Auk, 55, p. 288, 1938 Santiago, Chile (one specimen, taken 

 June 12). 



Range. Island of Mas A Tierra, Juan Fernandez Islands, off 

 the coast of Chile. 



*Falco sparverius cinnamominus Swainson. CINNAMOMEOUS 

 SPARROW HAWK. 



Falco cinnamominus Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 281, Dec. 31, 1837 Chile 

 (type in coll. of W. J. Hooker, now in Liverpool Museum); Des Murs, 

 in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., I, p. 226, 1847 Valparaiso, Chile. 



Falco sparverius (not of Linnaeus) King, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 425, 1827 Port 

 Famine, Tierra del Fuego; d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 119, 

 1836 part, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires (south to the 

 Rio Negro), Bolivia, and Chile; Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, 

 Zool., 1, p. 227, 1837 Chile; Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 437, 

 1861 Argentina (Mendoza, Tucuman, etc.); Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 

 31, p. 244, 1868 part, Santiago, Valdivia and Magallanes; Doering, 

 Period. Zool., 1, p. 247, 1874 Barrancas, Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; 

 Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 110, 1884 Entre Rios (Concepci6n del Uruguay) 

 and Buenos Aires (Bahia Blanca, Sierra de Carhue); Burmeister, Anal. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 316, 1888 Rio Chico del Chubut. 



Tinnunculus sparverius Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 29, 1839 Patagonia 

 (Rio Negro and Santa Cruz); Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 

 1843 Chile; Pelzeln, Reise Nov., Zool., 1, p. 8, 1865 Chile; Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 Chile; Sclater and Salvin, 

 Ibis, 1868, p. 188 Sandy Point, Magellan Straits; iidem, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 143 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; iidem, I.e., 1869, 

 p. 155 Tinta, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; iidem, Ibis, 1870, p. 499 Coquimbo, 

 Chile; Hudson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 536 Rio Negro, Patagonia; 

 Lee, Ibis, 1873, pp. 131, 135 Cordoba (between Frayle Muerto and 

 Saladillo) and Entre Rios (Arroyo del Gato); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 17 Maranura and Potrero, Urubamba, Peru; 

 Durnford, Ibis, 1877, pp. 39, 188 Chubut (Valle del Chubut, Punta 

 Ninfas) and Buenos Aires (Baradero); idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 398 Chubut; 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 434 Sandy Point 

 and Elizabeth Island, Magellan Straits; Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 412 

 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Salvin, Ibis, 1880, p. 362 Salta; White, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 623 Fuerte de Andalgala and Pilciao, 

 Catamarca. 



Tinnunculus sparverius var. cinnamominus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1870, p. 149 (crit.); Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 37, 

 1891 Punta Arenas, Agua Fresca, Straits of Magellan and Ushuaia, 

 Tierra del Fuego; Arribalzaga, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 162, 

 1902 Lago General Paz, Chubut. 




342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cerchneis cinnamomina Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 439, 1874 part, 

 spec, b-d, Straits of Magellan, Valparaiso and Patagonia; idem, I.e., 

 1881, p. 10 Coquimbo, Chile; Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cordoba, 5, 

 p. 76, 1884 Buenos Aires (route from Ayacucho to Tandil and from 

 Tandil to La Tinta); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 205, 

 1902 Tucuman; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 229, 1904 Santa Ana and Tapia, 

 Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta; 

 Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 63, 1905 Tucuman; Scott 

 and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 667, 1915 

 Arroyo Eke (= Arroyo Gio), Punta Arenas, Rio Chico de Cruz, and 

 Canydon, Santa Cruz; Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 78, 1923 La Rioja; 

 Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 330 near Port Stanley, Falkland Islands. 



Tinnunculus cinnamominus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 427 

 part, Chile; Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 8, p. 78, 1884 Tala, 

 Durazno, Uruguay (eggs descr.); Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 470 Lomas 

 de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, 

 p. 84, 1889 Ytanu, Paraguay; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 69, 

 1889 (habits); Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 425 Espartillar, Buenos Aires; 

 Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 141 

 lower Pilcomayo; Holland, I.e., 1892, p. 204 Espartillar, Buenos Aires; 

 Aplin, I.e., 1894, p. 195 Uruguay (Rio Negro, Las Coronas); Koslowsky, 

 Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 284, 1895 Chilecito, La Rioja; Salvadori, 

 Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 20, 1895 Paraguay (Ayos, 

 Valenzuela, Villa Rica) and Salta (Santa Rosa); idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, 

 p. 30, 1897 Bolivia (Aguairenda, Caiza) and Jujuy (San Lorenzo); 

 Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 180 Arauco, Rio Bueno (Valdivia) and Llanquihue, 

 Chile; Gosse, in Fitz Gerald, The Highest Andes, p. 350, 1899 Lujon, 

 Mendoza; Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 615, 

 1900 Penguin Rookery (Staten Island) and Gregory Bay; Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 356, 1902 Ushuaia, Tierra del 

 Fuego; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, pp. 453, 465 San Luis and Tatarenda, 

 Tarija, Bolivia; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, pp. 100, 125, 1906 

 Santa Ana (Urubamba) and Quiquijana (Marcapata), Peru; Crawshay, 

 Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 19, 1907 Cheena Creek and Rio McClelland 

 Settlement; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 332 Los Ingleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires; 

 Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 510 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Bullock, 

 Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 33, pp. 127, 198, 1933 Nahuelbuta and Angol, 

 Malleco, Chile. 



Falco sparverius cinnamominus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 105, 

 1889 Yungas, Bolivia; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 136, 

 1889 Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan; Mearns, Auk, 9, p. 268, 1892 

 (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 305, 1931 (range). 



Cerchneis sparveria cinnamomina Schalow, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 694, 

 1898 Santiago de Chile, Punta Arenas and Seneril Bay, Cape Horn; 

 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 378, 1915 Corral, Santiago, 

 Cautin, Valdivia and Ancud, Chile (crit.); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Orn. Ser., 1, p. 315, 1915 Chile and Argentina (crit.); Barros, Rev. Chil. 

 Hist. Nat., 24, p. 49, 1920 Nilahue, Curico, Chile; idem, I.e., 25, p. 176, 

 1921 Precordillera of Aconcagua, Chile; Paessler, Journ. Orn., 70, p. 448, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 343 



1922 Coronel, Chile; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 306, 1923 

 western Rio Negro (Maquinchao, Huanuluan, Paso Flores, Lake Nahuel 

 Huapi); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 101, 1926 Las Palmas, 

 Chaco, and San Vicente, Uruguay (crit.); idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 

 24, p. 421, 1926 Bariloche, Rio Negro and Rio Fetaleufu, Chubut; 

 Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 33, p. 358, 1929 Aconcagua, Chile; Laub- 

 mann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., V6gel, p. 95, 1930 Formosa 

 (Lapango, San Jose", Yunca Vie jo, Mision Tacaagle), Santa Fe (Est. La 

 Germania) and Bolivia (Villa Montes, Tarija); Hellmayr, Field Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 284, 1932 Chile, from Atacama to the 

 Straits of Magellan; Laubmann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 286, 1934 

 La Geraldina, Santa Fe (crit.; meas.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. 

 Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 487, 1936 Argentina (crit.; range; bibliog.). 



Cerchneis sparverius australis (not Tinnunculus sparverius var. australis Ridg- 

 way) Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 240, 1909 Buenos Aires 

 (Bahia Blanca) and Tucuman (Tucuman, Villa Nougues); Dabbene, 

 Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 23, p. 289, 1912 Villa Rica, Paraguay; 

 idem, El Hornero, 1, p. 95, 1918 Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires; 

 Sanzin, I.e., p. 149, 1918 Jocoli, Mendoza; Ambrosetti, I.e., p. 288, 

 1919 Timote, Buenos Aires (habits); Tremoleras, I.e., 2, p. 17, 1920 

 Uruguay (Flores, Maldonado, Minas, Florida, Durazno, Treinta y Tres, 

 Rocha, Cerro Largo); Serie and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, 

 Entre Rios; Pereyra, I.e., p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Marelli, 

 Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 631, 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires; 

 Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe; Budin, 

 I.e., 4, p. 407, 1931 Maimara, Jujuy; Castellanos, I.e., 5, p. 13, 1932 

 Valle de los Reartes, Cordoba. 



Tinnunculus sparverius australis Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 

 18, p. 250, 1910 (range in Argentina); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 

 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 22, 1916 Mendoza; 

 Marelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 77, 1918 Curuzu-Cuatia, Corrientes; Me'ne'- 

 gaux, Rev. Frang. d'Orn., 1918, p. 290 Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, 

 Misiones; idem, I.e., 1925, p. 286 near Icano, Santiago del Estero; 

 Pereyra, El Hornero, 4, p. 29, 1927 Conhelo, Pampa. 



Cerchneis australis Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 74 Sapucay, Paraguay. 



Cerchneis cinnamominus aequatorialis (not Falco sparverius aequatorialis 



Mearns) Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 290 part, Parotani and Charuplaya, 



Bolivia. 

 Cerchneis cinnamomina(us) cinnamomina(wi) Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 157, 



1920 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 226, 1922 (range); Friedmann, Bull. 



Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 157, 1927 Santa Elena, Entre Rios and Con- 



cepci6n, Tucuman. 

 Cerchneis sparveria subsp. Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 60, 1921 



Peru (Santa Ana, Toronto, Ollantaytambo, Chospiyoc, Ttica-Ttica, 



Calca, Cuzco). 

 Cerchneis sparverius cinnamomina Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 466, 



1945 (monog.). 




344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Range. Western and southern South America from southeastern 

 Peru (Cuzco region) 1 south through Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, 

 Chile (except Tacna) and Argentina to the Straits of Magellan and 

 Tierra del Fuego; accidental on the Falkland Islands. 2 



Field Museum Collection. 62: Peru (Puno, Puno, 2); Bolivia 

 (Vacas, Cochabamba, 4; Cuchicauchi, Cochabamba, 6; Tiraque, 

 Cochabamba, 3; Colomi, Cochabamba, 3; Cercado, Santa Cruz, 1; 

 Taruma, Santa Cruz, 1; Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 2; Bermejo, Santa 

 Cruz, 1; Samaipata, Santa Cruz, 1; Comarapa, Santa Cruz, 1); 

 Chile (Caldera, Atacama, 1; Romero, Coquimbo, 2; Volcan de 

 Maipo, Santiago, 1; Gualletue Lake, Cautin, 1; Ramadillo, Copiapo 

 Valley, 1; Mafil, Valdivia, 3; Rinihue, Valdivia, 1; Sierra Nahuelbuta, 

 Malleco, 1; Puerto Montt, 1; Nirehuao, 1); Paraguay (265 km. west 

 of Puerto Casado, 1; Horqueta, 3; Serra de Amambay, 3; 40 km. 

 west of Puerto Casado, 1); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 4; 

 Tucuman, 1; Noetinger, Cordoba, 3; Eldorado, Misiones, 1; Puerto 

 Segundo, Misiones, 1; Bonafacio, Buenos Aires, 3; Rivadavia, 

 Chubut, 1; Lago Fagnano, Tierra del Fuego, 2). 



*Falco sparverius cearae (Cory). 3 BRAZILIAN SPARROW HAWK. 



1 A single adult male from Tinta is much larger (wing, 195) and much more 

 heavily banded above than any specimen in the series of perurianus and seems 

 to be referable to cinnamominus. 



Birds from western Patagonia (Chubut) and Tierra del Fuego agree with 

 those from Chile in dimensions and in the males having the tail-tips rufous and 

 with only one (subterminal) black bar on the inner web of the outermost rectrix. 

 Males from western Argentina (Mendoza to Salta) and Buenos Aires Province 

 generally have the inner web of the outer rectrix crossed by three to five black 

 bands, and a fair proportion show grayish instead of rufous tail-tips. There are, 

 however, exceptions to this rule. Among twenty-five males from Chile, two 

 (Santiago and Pelal, Temuco) have three, and one from Hacienda Mansel, Santiago, 

 even has five black cross-bars, whereas two from Noetinger, Cordoba, and two 

 others from near Buenos Aires have but one subterminal bar! Of three males 

 from Paraguay (Sapucay), all with grayish tail- tips, one has five broad bars, the 

 two others only one; of two from Uruguay, the one has two bars, the other only 

 one. All these birds are about the same size and while no fast line can be drawn 

 against cearae, it seems appropriate to unite the populations of Argentina, Uruguay 

 and Paraguay with cinnamominus and to restrict cearae to Brazil. 



Measurements. Wing of adult males: Chile, 188-198; western Chubut, 190- 

 198; Tierra del Fuego, 195-197; Cordoba, 188-193; Mendoza, 190; Tucuman, 

 190-195; Buenos Aires, 183-195; Uruguay, 192-195; Paraguay (Sapucay), 190- 

 195; Falkland Islands, 200. 



Additional material examined. Chile: Coquimbo to Llanquihue, 28. Argen- 

 tina: Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 17; Cordoba, 4; Buenos Aires Province, 14; 

 Lujan, Mendoza, 2; Salta, 2; Straits of Magellan, 7; Viamonte, Tierra del Fuego, 3; 

 Falkland Islands, 2. Uruguay: 5. Paraguay: Sapucay and Villa Rica, 6. 

 Bolivia: Charuplaya, 1; Parotani, 1. Peru: Tinta, 1. 



3 Falco sparverius cearae (Cory): Very close to F. s. cinnamominus but smaller; 

 males with grayish instead of rufous tail-tips and with three to six black cross- 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 345 



Fako gracilis (not of Temminck, 1821, nor of Lesson, 1830) Swainson, Anim. 

 Menag., p. 281, Dec. 31, 1837 "in the province of Bahia," Brazil (loca- 

 tion of type not stated, probably in the Swainson Collection, University 

 Museum, Cambridge, Mass.). 



(Tinnunculus sparverius) var. australis (not Falco australis Gmelin, 1788) 

 Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 149 new name for 

 Falco gracilis Swainson. 1 



Cerchneis sparveria cearae Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 318 

 (note), Aug. 7, 1915 Quixada, Ceara, Brazil (type in Field Museum of 

 Natural History, examined). 



Falco sparverius eidos Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 305 (after June 1), 1931 

 new name for Tinnunculus sparverius var. australis Ridgway, preoccupied; 

 Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 373, 1934 

 Descalvados, Matto Grosso. 



Falco sparverius (not of Linnaeus) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 116, 

 1830 from Rio de Janeiro (Serra de Inua) northward; Burmeister, Syst. 

 Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 93, 1855 Nova Friburgo, Rio (habits). 



Tinnunculus sparverius Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, p. 634, 1863 

 Rio de Janeiro (Sapitiba), Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema, Registo 

 Velho) and Matto Grosso (Cuyaba) (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, 

 p. 5, 1867 same localities; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 

 1870, p. 71 Minas Geraes; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 284, 1873 

 Blumenau, Santa Catharina. 



Tinnunculus (Poecilornis) gracilis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 

 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro. 



Cerchneis cinnamomina (not Falco cinnamominus Swainson) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. 

 Brit. Mus., 1, p. 439, 1874 part, spec, e-k, Bahia, Brazil. 



bars on the inner web of the outermost rectrix. These color-characters, however, 

 are not absolutely constant. There are three specimens (one each from Therezo- 

 polis, Rio; Quixada, Ceara; Chapada, Matto Grosso) which, like cinnamominus, 

 have but one black subterminal bar and the Chapada bird has the tail-tips as 

 decidedly rufous as any from Chile. Birds from extreme southern Brazil (Santa 

 Catharina and Rio Grande do Sul) in dimensions are truly intermediate to 

 cinnamominus. 



In the light of the material now before us the type of cearae proves to be an 

 individual mutant of "australis" (= eidos). In paleness of the rufous parts of the 

 plumage it is closely approached by one from Goyaz and even surpassed by one 

 of our Macate specimens of F. a. peruvianus, while the white outer margin to the 

 first primary is even more developed in a male from Paysandu, Uruguay. The 

 rufous crown-patch is rather more extensive than in any other Brazilian skin but 

 this feature is of no consequence in view of its variability in the present as well 

 as in the allied races. Wing of adult males, 172-185 (in one case 190); adult 

 females, 183-191. 



Additional material examined. Bahia: Carahyba, near Joazeiro, 1; Pao de 

 Canoa, Rio Preto, 1; Bahia, 4. Rio de Janeiro, 5. Matto Grosso: Serra da 

 Chapada, 1; Chapada, 4. Santa Catharina: Blumenau, 1. Rio Grande do Sul, 

 4. Bolivia: Puerto Esperanza, Rio Paraguay, 1. 



1 As australis has been proposed as a substitute for the preoccupied Falco 

 gracilis Swainson, the specimen from Parana, Paraguay, in the U. S. National 

 Museum (No. 20937) has no claims whatever to be regarded as "type." 




346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



Cerchneis sparveria cinnamomina Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 

 2, p. 171, 1885 Taquara and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Holt, 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 284, 1928 Alto Itatiaya, Rio de Janeiro. 



Falco sparverius australis Mearns, Auk, 9, p. 267, 1892 (crit.); Allen, Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso. 



Tinnunculus cinnamominus Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 141, 

 1899 Mundo Novo, Sao Lourenco and Pedras Brancas; idem, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., 3, p. 367, 1899 Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 

 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro. 



Tinnunculus sparverius cinnamominus Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 99, 

 1907 Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Piracicaba) and Parana (Ourinho); Luder- 

 waldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 341, 1909 Campo Itatiaya. 



Tinnunculus sparverius australis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 90, 1908 

 Goyaz; Menegaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 5, p. 38, 1917 Pocone, Matto 

 Grosso. 



Cerchneis sparveria australis Reiser, Denks. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

 76, p. 91, 1910 Bahia (Carnahyba and Solidade, near Joazeiro; Pao de 

 Canoa, Rio Preto); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 380, 1915 

 (crit.); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 316, 1915 (crit.); 

 Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 124, 1926 Rio Claro, 

 Serra da Esperanca, Faz. Concordia, Invernadinha, Vermelho, etc., 

 Parana; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 454, 1929 

 Fazenda Inhuma, Maranhao and Philadelphia (lower Tocantins), Goyaz; 

 Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 114, 1930 Matto Grosso; 

 Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 107, 1935 Rio Gongogy and Barra, Bahia; 

 idem, I.e., 20, p. 54, 1936 Jaragua, Rio das Almas, Goyaz. 



Cerchneis cinnamomina australis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 157, 1920 (chars.; 

 range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 226, 1922 (chars.; range). 



Falco sparverius cearae Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 305, 1931 (ex Cory). 



Cerchneis sparverius eidos Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 92, 1938 Bahia 

 (Barra do Rio Grande, Rio Gongogy), Minas Geraes (Pirapora, Maria 

 da Fe), Goyaz (Rio das Almas, Rio Sao Domingos), Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, 

 Sao Miguel Archanjo, Valparaizo, Itapetininga, Presidente Epitacio, 

 Capivary, Braunau, Albuquerque Lins, Franca, Sao Carlos), and Parana 

 (Jacar6zinho). 



(l)Cerchneis sparverius brevipennis Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. 

 Handl., (3), 23, p. 56, 1945 Bolivia (Bresta; Santa Rosa; Orion, El 

 Beni) (disc.). 



Cerchneis sparverius australis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 467, 1945 

 (monog.). 



Range. Tableland of Brazil, from southern Maranhao (Alto 

 Parnahyba) and Ceara south to Matto Grosso and Rio Grande do 

 Sul, west to the Bolivian border (Puerto Esperanza). 



Field Museum Collection. 24: Brazil (Quixada, Ceara, 1; In- 

 huma, Maranhao, 1; Philadelphia, Goyaz, 2; Rio Sao Miguel, 




1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 347 



Goyaz, 3; Nova Roma, Rio Parana, Goyaz, 1; Ilha Parana, Goyaz, 1; 

 Forte, Goyaz, 1; Sao Marcello, Bahia, 2; Bauru, Sao Paulo, 1; Rio 

 Therezopolis, Sao Paulo, 1; Municipio de Lius, Sao Paulo, 3; 

 Chapada, Matto Grosso, 4; Vaccaria, Matto Grosso, 3). 




INDEX 



Current names in bold-faced type 



abbreviatus, Buteo, 155, 156 



abbreviatus, Tachytriorchis, 156 



ACCIPITER, 48 



aequatorialis, Cerchneis, 338, 339, 343 



aequatorialis, Falco, 337, 338 



aequatorialis, Sarcorhamphus, 2 



aequinoctialis, Buteo, 187 



aequinoctialis, Buteogallus, 187 



aequinoctialis, Falco, 187 



aequinoctialis, Urubitinga, 187 



aeruginosus, Falco, 218 



Aesalon, 294 



aesalon, Falco, 294, 317 



aethiops, Asturina, 89 



aethiops, Buteo, 89, 150 



Aetptriorchis, 275 



aguia, Falco, 85, 144 



aguia, Geranoaetus, 147 



aguia, Haliaetus, 146 



aguja, Falco, 84 



aguya, Buteo, 146 



alascanus, Falco, 297 



alascanus, Haliaetus, 216, 217 



alascensis, Buteo, 94 



albicauda, Buteo, 149 



albicaudatus, Buteo, 84, 88, 110, 148, 



149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 

 albicaudatus, Tachytriorchis, 89, 149, 



151, 153 



albicaydatus, Tachytriorches, 92 

 Albicilla, Falco, 215, 217 

 albicilla, Haliaeetus, 217 

 albicollis, Asturina, 172 

 albicollis, Buteo, 173 

 albicollis, Circus, 224 

 albicollis, Falco, 169, 172 

 albicollis, Leucppternis, 172, 173 

 albicollis, Urubitinga, 173 

 albifrons, Asturina, 142 

 albifrons, Buteo, 142 

 albifrons, Falco, 142 

 albigula, Buteo, 89 

 albigularis, Falco, 294, 304, 305, 307, 



308, 309 



albigularis, Hypotriorchis, 305, 309 

 albigularis, Ibicter, 278 

 albigularis, Ibycter, 277, 278 

 albiventer, Bidens, 34 

 albogularis, Falco, 307 

 albogularis, Ibycter, 277 

 albogularis, Milvago, 277 

 albogularis, Phalcoboenus, 276, 277 

 albogularis, Polyborus, 276 

 albonotatus, Buteo, 110, 153, 154, 



155, 156 



alfred-edmundi, Falco, 317 

 alia, Rupornis, 126 

 alius, Buteo, 126, 127 

 alleni, Buteo, 108 

 alticep, Archibuteo, 84 

 amauroleucus, Elanus, 143 

 amaurus, Micrastur, 244 

 americanus, Buteo, 96, 219 

 americanus, Daptrius, 262, 263, 264, 



265 



americanus, Falco, 259, 263, 297 

 americanus, Ibicter, 264 

 americanus, Ibycter, 262, 263, 264 

 ammophilus, Caracara, 285 

 ammopnilus, Polyborus, 285 

 anatum, Falco, 297, 298 

 andina, Cerchneis, 338 

 Anopaia, 203 



antarcticus, Circaetus, 275 

 An tenor, 164 



anthracina, Urobitinga, 190 

 anthracina, Urubitinga, 188, 190, 193 

 anthracinus, Buteogallus, 188, 190 

 anthracinus, Falco, 188 

 anthracinus, Hypomorphnus, 188 

 anthracinus, Morphnus, 188, 190 

 antillarum, Buteo, 118, 119 

 antillarum, Tinnunculus, 330 

 apache, Accipiter, 51 

 apirati, Spizaetus, 211 

 AQUILA, 214 

 aquilinus, Falco, 263 

 aquilinus, Gymnops, 263 

 aquilinus, Ibycter, 263 

 aquilonis, Chondrohierax, 26 

 Archibuteo, 84 

 Archifalco, 294 

 arcticus, Falco, 295 

 ardosiaceus, Sparverius, 69 

 arguta, Rupornis, 124 

 argutus, Buteo, 124, 125 

 Astur, 48 

 Asturina, 84 

 Ater, Buteo, 104, 111 

 ater, Daptrius, 259, 260 

 ater, Ibycter, 260, 261 

 ater, Spizaetus, 183 

 aterrimus, Falco, 260 

 atrata, Catharista, 5 

 atratus, Catharistes, 5 

 atratus, Coragyps, 4, 5 

 atratus, Vultur, 4 

 atricapillus, Accipiter, 49 

 atricapillus, Astur, 49, 50, 51 

 atricapillus, Falco, 49, 206 



348 




INDEX 



349 



atricapillus, Spizastur, 206 

 atriceps, Spiziaetus, 207 

 auduboni, Falco, 318 

 auduboni, Polyborus, 285, 286, 287 

 audubonii, Caracara, 286 

 Audubonii, Polyborus, 286 

 aura, Cathartes, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13 

 aura, Oenops, 8, 9 

 aura, Rhinogryphus, 11 

 aura, Vultur, 6, 7 

 aurantius, Falco, 303, 307 

 aurantius, Hypotriprchis, 303, 304 

 Aurantius, Hypotriorchis, 310 

 auroentius, Falco, 302 

 australis, Busarellus, 196, 197 

 australis, Buteo, 145, 148 

 australis, Cerchneis, 343, 346 

 australis, Falco, 275, 346 

 australis, Geranoaetus, 145 

 australis, Heterospizias, 82 

 australis, Ibycter, 276 

 australis, Milvago, 275 

 australis, Phalcoboenus, 275, 276 

 australis, Polyborus, 275 

 australis, Senex, 275 

 australis, Tinnunculus, 343, 345, 346 

 azarae, Asturina, 198 

 azarae, Hypomorphnus, 186 

 azarae, Urubitinga, 185 



bairdii, Buteo, 110 



Balbusardus, 234 



balzarensis, Geranospiza, 229 



bangsi, Urubitinga, 190 



bendirei, Falco, 319 



bicolor, Accipiter, 52, 53, 54 



bicolor, Cooperastur, 54 



bicolor, Nisus, 54 



bicolor, Sparvius, 52 



Bidens, 32 



bidentatus, Diodon, 34 



bidentatus, Falco, 32, 33, 34 



bidentatus, Harpagus, 33, 34, 35, 36, 



37 312 



blakei, Buteo, 160 

 boliviensis, Cymindis, 28 

 borealis, Buteo, 96, 97, 100, 101, 103, 



104 



borealis, Falco, 96 

 braccata, Aquila, 85 

 braccata, Harpyia, 208, 209 

 braccata, Spizaetus, 210 

 braccatus, Buteo, 88 

 Brachypterus, 242 

 brachypterus, Astur, 245 

 brachypterus, Climacocercus, 245 

 brachypterus, Falco, 242, 245 

 brachypterus, Nisus, 244, 245 

 brachypterus, Micrastur, 244, 245, 246 

 brachyura, Asturina, 142 

 brachyura, Buteola, 142 

 brachyurus, Buteo, 85, 141 



brasiliensis, Catharista, 5 

 brasiliensis, Cathartes, 5 

 brasiliensis, Circus, 224 

 brasiliensis, Coragyps, 5 

 brasiliensis, Diodon, 32, 34 

 brasiliensis, Falco, 219, 224 

 brasiliensis, Polyborus, 283, 285 

 brasiliensis, Urubitinga, 184 

 braziliensis, Morphnus, 184 

 braziliensis, Polyborus, 282 

 brevipennis, Cerchneis, 331, 332, 346 

 brevipennis, Falco, 331 

 brevipennis, Tinnunculus, 331 

 brooksi, Haliaeetus, 217 

 brooksi, Haliaetus, 217 

 brunnescens, Buteo, 116 

 buckleyi, Micrastur, 246, 247 

 buffoni, Circus, 226 

 buffoni, Falco, 224 

 burroviana, Cathartes, 11, 13 

 burrovianus, Cathartes, 7, 13 

 BUSARELLUS, 193 

 busarellus, Buteo, 194, 196 

 busarellus, Circus, 193 

 busarellus, Falco, 193 

 busarellus, Ichthyoborus, 194 

 buson, Aquila, 81 

 buson, Falco, 187 

 buson, Hypomorphnus, 187 

 BUTEO, 84 

 buteo, Falco, 84, 109 

 BUTEOGALLUS, 187 

 Buteoides, Falco, 106 

 Buteola, 85 

 buteonides, Cymindis, 23 



cabanisii, Buteo, 155 



Cachinna, 237 



Cachinnans, Astur, 239 



cachinnans, Falco, 237 



cachinnans, Herpetotheres, 237, 238, 



239, 242 



cachinnans, Macagua, 239 

 caerulescens, Falco, 15 

 caerulescens, Geranospiza, 228, 229, 



230, 231, 232, 233 

 caerulescens, Geranospizias, 229, 230, 



231 



caerulescens, Sparvius, 230 

 caesius, Elan us, 15 

 cajanensis, Cymindis, 23 

 calidus, Falco, 300 

 californiana, Oenops, 14 

 californianus, Gymnogyps, 14 

 californianus, Pseudogryphus, 14 

 californianus, Vultur, 14 

 californica, Buteo, 93 

 calurus, Buteo, 96, 97, 100, 102 

 campestris, Circus, 223 

 canadensis, Aquila, 214, 215 

 canadensis, Falco, 214 

 cancrivora, Urubitinga, 190 




350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



cancrivorus, Buteogallus, 190 

 candicans, Falco, 293, 295 

 candicans, Hierofalco, 295 

 CARACARA, 281 

 caracara, Pandion, 283 

 caracara, Polyborus, 282, 284 

 caracca, Falco, 204 

 caribaearum, Cerchneis, 330, 331 

 caribaearum, Falco, 329 

 caribbaearum, Falco, 330 

 caribbaearum, Tinnunculus, 330 

 Carnifex, 242 

 carolinensis, Falco, 234 

 carolinensis, Pandion, 234, 235, 236 

 carunculatus, Ibycter, 280 

 carunculatus, Milvago, 280 

 carunculatus, Phalcoboenus, 280 

 carunculatus, Polyborus, 280 

 cassini, Falco, 297, 298, 300, 301 

 Catharista, 6 

 Catharistes, 6 

 GATHARTES, 6 

 cathartoides, Buteogallus, 187 

 caucae, Cerchneis, 339 

 caucae, Falco, 336, 337 

 cayanensis, Cymindis, 23 

 cayanensis, Falco, 22, 23 

 cayanensis, Leptodpn, 22, 24 

 cayanensis, Odontriorchis, 23 

 cayanensis, Pernis, 23 

 cayannensis, Falco, 22 

 'cayenensis, Cymindis, 24 

 cayennensis, Cymindis, 23 

 cayennensis, Falco, 22, 234 

 cayennensis, Leptodpn, 23 

 cayennensis, Odontriorchis, 24 

 cayennensis, Regerrhinus, 24 

 cearae, Cerchneis, 345 

 cearae, Falco, 344, 346 

 cenchris, Milvus, 38 

 Cerchneis, 294 



chapmani, Herpetotheres, 239 

 cheriway, Caracara, 283 

 cheriway, Falco, 283 

 cheriway, Polyborus, 284, 285, 286, 287 

 cherrug, Falco, 294 

 chilensis, Accipiter, 57, 58, 59 

 chilensis, Cooperastur, 60 

 chilensis, Nisus, 60 

 chimachima, Ibycter, 272, 273 

 chimachima, Milvago, 270, 271, 272, 



273 



chimachima, Polyborus, 265, 272 

 chimango, Caracara, 267, 270 

 chimango, Ibycter, 267, 270 

 chimango, Milvago, 265, 266, 267, 



269, 271 



chimango, Polyborus, 265, 269 

 chionogaster, Accipiter, 74, 75 

 chionogaster, Nisus, 74, 75 

 CHONDROHIERAX, 26 

 chrysaetos, Falco, 214 



chrysaetus, Aquila, 215 

 cinerascens, Bidens, 32 

 cinerea, Asturia, 84, 161 

 cinereus, Circus, 59, 221 

 cinnamomina, Cerchneis, 335, 338, 339, 



342, 343, 345, 346 

 cinnamominus, Falco, 338, 340, 341, 



342 

 cinnamominus, Tinnunculus, 338, 339, 



340, 341, 342, 346 

 circumcinctus, Falco, 288 

 circumcinctus, Harpagus, 288 

 circumcinctus, Hemiierax, 288 

 circumcinctus, Ibycter, 277, 278 

 circumcinctus, Spiziapteryx, 288 

 CIRCUS, 218 

 Clamosocircus, 243 

 Climacocercus, 242 

 Climacourus, 243 

 collaris, Accipiter, 65, 67 

 collaris, Astur, 68 

 collaris, Hieraspizias, 68 

 collaris, Nisus, 68 

 colonus, Buteo, 151, 154 

 colonus, Tachytriorchis, 152 

 columbarius, Aesalon, 318 

 columbarius, Falco, 293, 317, 318 

 columbarius, Hypotriorchis, 318 

 Columbianus, Vultur, 14 

 communis, Falco, 294, 297 

 concentricus, Climacocercus, 255 

 concentricus, Micrastur, 249, 256 

 concentricus, Nisus, 255 

 condor, Sarcoramphus, 2 

 condor, Vultur, 2 

 conspecta, Rupornis, 121 

 conspectus, Buteo, 121 

 Cooperastur, 48 

 cooperi, Accipiter, 59, 61, 62 

 cooperi, Astur, 61 

 cooperi, Buteo, 95 

 cooperi, Nisus, 61, 62 

 cooperi i, Accipiter, 61 

 cooperii, Astur, 61 

 cooperii, Falco, 48, 61 

 CORAGYPS, 4 

 cordata, Milvago, 270 

 cordatus, Milvago, 270 

 coronata, Harpyia, 197 

 coronatus, Circaetus, 197 

 coronatus, Falco, 197 

 coronatus, Harpyhaliaetus, 197, 198, 



199 



coronatus, Vultur, 203 

 Coryornis, 85 



costaricensis, Buteo, 102, 103, 104 

 costaricensis, Leucopternis, 170, 171 

 crassirostris, Milvago, 279 

 Craxirex, 84 

 cristatus, Falco, 203 

 cristatus, Morphnus, 202 

 crotophagus, Falco, 272 




INDEX 



351 



cubanensis, Buteo, 115 



cucoloides, Cymindis, 27 

 cucullatus, Falco, 306 

 cuntur, Gryphus, 2 

 cuntur, Vultur, 1 

 cyanescens, Falco, 314 

 cyaneus, Falco, 218, 219 

 Cyanopus, Asturina, 23 

 Cymindes, 41, 43 

 Cymindis, 22 



DAPTRIUS, 259 



dawsonis, Falco, 295 

 degener, Falco, 272 

 deiroleucos, Falco, 302 

 deiroleucus, Falco, 301 

 deiroleucus, Hypotriorchis, 302 

 delicatus, Falco, 200 

 deserticolus, Falco, 324 

 destructor, Falco, 203 

 destructor, Harpyia, 204 

 devillei, Spizaetus, 213, 214 

 Dinospiziar, 48 

 Diodon, 32 

 diodon, Falco, 32 

 diodon, Harpagus, 32, 35 

 Diplodon, 32 

 direptor, Buteo, 123 

 direptor, Rupornis, 123 

 dispar, Elanus, 16 

 dispar, Falco, 16 

 dispar, Pygargus, 218 

 distincta, Cerchneis, 333 

 distinctus, Falco, 334 

 dominicensis, Cerchneis, 328, 329 

 dominicensis, Falco, 328, 329 

 dominicensis, Tinnunculus, 327, 330 

 Dromolestes, 84 

 dynastes, Micrastur, 53 



ecuadoriensis, Buteo, 128, 129 



ecuadoriensis, Rupornis, 128 



eidos, Cerchneis, 346 



eidos, Falco, 345 



ELANOIDES, 18 



ELANUS, 15 



elegans, Buteo, 106, 107, 168 



elegans, Vultur, 3 



equatorialis, Cerchneis, 337, 338 



Erythrocnema, 164 



erythrocnemis, Accipiter, 74, 77, 79 



erythrocnemis, Nisus, 79 



erythrocnemius, Accipiter, 76, 80 



erythrocnemius, Nisus, 79 



erythrofons, Chondrohierax, 26 



erythrofons, Daedalion, 27 



erythronemius, Accipiter, 78, 79, 80 



erythronemius, Nisus, 78 



erythronemus, Accipiter, 78 



erythronotus, Buteo, 86, 88, 89, 91, 92, 



153 

 erythronotus, Craxierex, 88 



erythronotus, Haliaetus, 85 

 Euaquila, 214 

 Eufalco, 294 



europogistus, Circus, 219 

 europogistus, Falco, 219 

 excubitor, Herpetotheres, 240 

 exiguus, Buteo, 152, 154 

 exiguus, Tachytriorchis, 152 

 exitiosus, Accipiter, 67 

 exsul, Buteo, 91 

 extimus, Buteo, 108 

 extimus, Micrastur, 248 



FALCO, 293 



falklandica, Catharista, 11 



falklandica, Cathartes, 12 ' 



falklandica, Oenops, 11 



falklandicus, Cathartes, 11 



fasciatus, Gymnops, 260 



fasciatus, Harpagus, 36 



fasciatus, Ibycter, 261 



femoralis, Aesalon, 312 



femoralis, Bidens, 32 



femoralis, Falco, 294, 310, 311, 312, 314, 



315 



femoralis, Hypotriorchis, 310, 312, 314 

 femoralis, Rhynchofalco, 315 

 fernandensis, Cerchneis, 340, 341 

 fernandensis, Falco, 340, 341 

 ferox, Harpyia, 204 

 ferringineus, Archibuteo, 93 

 ferrugineus, Falco, 64, 93, 328 

 ferrugineus, Triorchis, 93 

 ferruginicaudus, Buteo, 96 

 fidens, Accipiter, 52 

 flexipes, Geranospiza, 232 

 floridiana, Haliaeetus, 216 

 fluvialis, Pandion, 234 

 foetens, Cathartes, 4 

 foetens, Coragyps, 5 

 fontainieri, Accipiter, 66 

 fontanierl, Accipiter, 66, 67 

 forbesi, Leptodon, 26 

 forbesi, Odontriorchis, 26 

 forficatus, Elanoides, 18, 19, 21, 22 

 forficatus, Falco, 18 

 forficatus, Nauclerus, 19, 20 

 formosus, Falco, 263 

 formosus, Ibycter, 264 

 frenatus, Falco, 223 

 fringillpides, Accipiter, 72, 73 

 fringilloides, Nisus, 73 

 fuertesi, Buteo, 99 

 fuliginosa, Buteola, 143 

 fuliginosus, Buteo, 110, 142, 156 

 ful vescens, Herpetotheres, 239, 241, 



242 



fulvus, Buteo, 101 

 fulvus, Pandion, 183 

 fumosus, Buteo, 102 

 furcatus, Elanoides, 19, 20 

 furcatus, Falco, 18 




352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



furcatus, Milvus, 20 

 furcatus, Nauclerus, 18, 20 

 furvicollis, Potamolegus, 134 

 fuscescens, Buteo, 144 

 fuscescens, Spizaetus, 84 

 fuscescens, Spizaetus, 144 

 fusco-caerulescens, Falco, 294, 310, 



312, 313, 315 

 fusco-caerulescens, Hypotriorchis, 312, 



314 



fusco-caerulescens, Rhynchofalco, 315 

 fuscus, Accipiter, 70 

 fuscus, Astur, 73 

 fuscus, Buteo, 106 

 fuscus, Falco, 295 

 fuscus, Nisus, 70, 72, 73 



galapagoensis, Buteo, 105 



galapagoensis, Craxirex, 105 

 galapagoensis, Polyborus, 84, 105 

 GAMPSONYX, 289 

 gentilis, Accipiter, 50 

 gentilis, Astur, 51 

 Geranoaetus, 84 

 Geranopus, 227 

 GERANOSPIZA, 227 

 geranospizias, 227 

 ghiesbrechti, Poecilopternis, 171 

 ghiesbreghti, Buteo, 170, 171 

 ghiesbreghti, Leu cop tern is, 170 

 ghiesbreghti, Urubitinga, 170, 171 

 gilvicollis, Clamosocircus, 257 

 gilvicollis, Climacocercus, 257 

 gilvicollis, Micrastur, 249, 254, 255, 



257 



gilvicollis, Sparvius, 243, 255 

 glaucus, Elanus, 15 

 gracilis, Buteo, 121, 122 

 gracilis, Falco, 227, 231, 345 

 gracilis, Geranopus, 233 

 gracilis, Geranospiza, 228, 231, 232, 



233 



gracilis, Geranospizias, 231, 232, 233 

 gracilis, Ischnosceles, 230 

 gracilis, Nisus, 232 

 gracilis, Rupornis, 121, 122 

 gracilis, Tinnunculus, 345 

 grebnitzku, Hierofalco, 297 

 griseicauda, Rupornis, 120, 121, 123 

 griseocauda, Asturina, 120 

 griseocauda, Buteo, 119, 120 

 griseocauda, Rupornis, 119, 120, 123 

 groenlandica, Falco, 295 

 groenlandicus, Haliaeetus, 217 

 Groenlandicus, Haliaetos, 217 

 gryffus, Gyapagus, 2 

 gryphus, Cathartes, 2 

 gryphus, Sarcoramphus, 2 

 gryphus, Sarcorhamphus, 2 

 gryphus, Vultur, 1, 2 

 guadalupensis, Falco, 325, 326 

 guatemalensis, Cerchneis, 322 



guatemalensis, Daptrius, 262 



guatemalensis, Ibycter, 262 



guerilla, Clamasocircus, 250 



guerilla, Climacocercus, 250 



guerilla, Micrastur, 249, 250, 257 



guianensis, Asturina, 202 



guianensis, Falco, 200 



guianensis, Morphnus, 200, 201, 202 



guianensis, Odontriorchis, 25 



gularis, Asturina, 136 



gularis, Buteo, 137 



gularis, Rupornis, 135, 137 



gundlachi, Accipiter, 60, 61 



gundlachi, Hypomorphnus, 189 



gundlachi, Nisus, 61 



gundlachii, Buteogallus, 192, 193 



gundlachii, Hypomorphnus, 192 



gundlachii, Urubitinga, 193 



guttalus, Nisus, 58 



guttatus, Accipiter, 57, 58, 60 



guttatus, Sparvius, 55 



guttifer, Accipiter, 57, 58 



gutturalis, Buteo, 110 



Gyapagus, 3 



GYMNOGYPS, 14 



Gymnops, 259 



Gyparchus, 3 



haemorrhoidalis, Falco, 306 

 HALIAEETUS, 215 

 haliaetus, Falco, 234 

 haliaetus, Pandion, 234 

 hamatus, Cymindis, 44 

 hamatus, Falco, 41, 44, 47 

 hamatus, Helicolestes, 47 

 hamatus, Rostrhamus, 42, 45, 47 

 Hamirostrum, 41 

 harlani, Buteo, 94, 95 

 Harlani, Falco, 94 

 HARPAGUS, 32 

 HARPIA, 203 

 HARPYHALIAETUS, 197 

 Harpyia, 203 

 harpyia, Harpia, 205 

 Harpyia, Morphnus, 205 

 harpyia, Thrasaetos, 204 

 harpyja, Falco, 203 

 harpyja, Harpia, 203, 205 

 harpyja, Vultur, 203 

 harrisi, Buteo, 164 

 harrisi, Parabuteo, 164 

 harrisii, Anterior, 165 

 harrisii, Craxirex, 165 

 harrisii, Falco, 164 

 harrisii, Parabuteo, 165 

 HELICOLESTES, 47 

 Helotriorchis, 275 

 hemidactylus, Falco, 230, 231 

 hemidactylus, Geranopus, 230 

 hemidactylus, Nisus, 230, 231, 232 

 Hemihierax, 288 

 Hemiierax, 288 




INDEX 



353 



henshawi, Astur, 49 

 HERPETOTHERES, 237 



herpetotheres, Cachinna, 239 



Heteraetus, 85 



Heteroaetus, 84 



HETEROSPIZIAS, 80 



Hieracospiza, 48 



hieraspiza, 48 



Hieraspizia, 48 



Hieraspizias, 48 



Hierofalco, 293 



histrionicus, Circus, 223 



histrionicus, Falco, 223 



histrionicus, Spiziacircus, 224 



holboeli, Hierofalco, 295 



holboelli, Falco, 296 



holmbergianus, Micraetus, 22, 24 



hudsonicus, Circus, 220 



hudsonius, Circus, 219 



hudsonius, Falco, 219 



hyemalis, Falco, 106 



Hypomorphnus, 181 



hypospodius, Buteo, 89, 92, 150, 151, 



152, 154 

 Hypotriorchis, 293 



Ibicter, 187 



Ibycter, 259 



Ichthyoborus, 193 



ICTINIA, 37 



immanis, Chondrohierax, 30 



imperialis, Falco, 203 



inca, Buteo, 133 



incola, Cathartes, 7, 8 



incola, Vultur, 7 



infulatus, Buteo, 88 



insectivorus, Falco, 129 



insidiatrix, Buteo, 127, 128 



insidiatrix, Rupornis, 127 



insignatus, Buteo, 110 



insularis, Cathartes, 8 



insulicola, Buteo, 117 



intermedia, Cerchneis, 335, 336, 337 



intermedius, Falco, 336 



intermixtus, Falco, 318 



interstes, Clamosocircus, 250 



interstes, Climacocercus, 250 



interstes, Micrastur, 250, 257 



iowensis, Buteo, 114 



Ischnosceles, 227 



isidori, Aquila, 205 



isidori, Falco, 205 



isidori, Oroaetus, 205, 206 



isidori, Spizaetus, 205 



isidorii, Lophotriorchis, 206 



isabellina, Cerchneis, 332, 333, 334, 335, 



337 



isabellinus, Falco, 332, 333, 334 

 isabellinus, Tinnunculus, 333 



jacquini, Falco, 203 

 jamaicensis, Buteo, 101 



jamaicensis, Falco, 101 



jardinei, Astur, 69 



jardinei, Urospizias, 69 



Jeraspizia, 48 



Jerospizia, 48 



johu MM is, Archibuteo, 111 



jota, Cathartes, 10, 11 



jota, Vulcur, 11 



jugularis, Clamosocircus, 252, 255 



jugularis, Climacocercus, 252 



jugularis, Micrastur, 252, 254 



kamtschatkensis, Buteo, 112 

 kaupi, Leucopternis, 177 

 kaupi, Urubitinga, 177 

 kriderii, Buteo, 98 

 kuhli, Leucopternis, 176 



labradora, Falco, 295 

 lacernulata, Leucopternis, 174, 175 

 lacernulata, Urubitinga, 175 

 lacernulatus, Falco, 174 

 lagopus, Falco, 84 

 laingi, Accipiter, 50 

 latissimus, Buteo, 113, 116, 117, 118 

 latissimus, Falco, 85, 113 

 leonae, Gampsonyx, 291 

 LEPTODON, 22 

 Leptohierax, 48 

 leucauchen, Falco, 253 

 leucauchen, Micrastur, 253, 256 

 leucocephalus, Busarellus, 196, 197 

 leucocephalus, Circus, 196 

 leucocephalus, Falco, 215 

 leucocephalus, Haliaeetus, 215, 216 

 leucogaster, Ibycter, 263 

 leucomelas, Falco, 245 

 leucophrys, Cerchneis, 327 

 leucophrys, Circus, 225 

 leucophrys, Falco, 327 

 leucops, Buteo, 88 

 LEUCOPTERNIS, 169 

 leucopygus, Cymindis, 43 

 leucopygus, Rostrhamus, 45 

 leucorrhoa, Asturina, 140 

 leucorrhoa, Buteola, 141 

 leucorrhoa, Rupornis, 140 

 leucorrhous, Astur, 140 

 leucorrhous, Buteo, 140, 141 

 leucorrhous, Falco, 85, 140 

 leucorrhous, Nisus, 140 

 leucorrhous, Percnohierax, 141 

 leucurus, Elanus, 15, 16, 17 

 leucurus, Hypomorphnus, 87, 149 

 leucurus, Milvago, 275 

 leucurus, Milvus, 16 

 leucurus, Spizaetus, 149 

 leverianus, Falco, 96 

 levis, Rostrhamus, 42 

 lineatus, Buteo, 106, 107 

 lineatus, Falco, 106 

 livens, Geranospiza, 227, 228 




354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



longipes, Urubitinga, 184 

 loquacula, Cerchneis, 330 

 loquacula, Falco, 330 

 lucasanus, Buteo, 96, 97 

 lutosus, Caracara, 287 

 lutosus, Polyborus, 287 



Macagua, 237 

 macronychus, Buteo, 104 

 macropterus, Buteo, 225 

 macropterus, Circus, 219, 224 

 macropus, Busarellus, 195 

 macrorhynchus, Astur, 130 

 macrorhynchus, Micrastur, 247 

 maculosa, Aquila, 224 

 maculosus, Circus, 224, 225, 226 

 maestus, Herpetotheres, 240 

 magellanicus, Vultur, 2 

 magniplumis, Buteo, 137, 139 

 magniplumis, Potamolegus, 85, 137 

 magniplumis, Rupornis, 139 

 magnirostris, Accipiter, 60 

 magnirostris, Astur, 134, 136, 138 

 magnirostris, Asturina, 119, 121, 123, 



124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 138 

 magnirostris, Buteo, 128, 129, 130, 131 

 magnirostris, Falco, 84, 129, 137, 139 

 magnirostris, Nisus, 132, 136, 138 

 magnirostris, Rupornis, 128, 129, 130, 



132, 133, 135 



magnus, Gampsonyx, 293 

 major, Rostrhamus, 43 

 majusculus, Elanus, 15 

 malfini, Nisus, 64 

 margaritensis, Falco, 332 

 mauduyti, Spizaetus, 211, 213 

 maxima, Asturina, 159 

 maxima, Harpyia, 204 

 maximus, Buteo, 159 

 megaloptera, Aquila, 275, 278 

 megalopterus, Ibycter, 277, 279 

 megalopterus, Milvago, 278, 280 

 megalopterus, Phalcoboenus, 278, 



279 



megalopterus, Polyborus, 277, 278 

 megarhynchus, Chondrohierax, 29 

 megarhynchus, Cymindis, 28, 29 

 megarhynchus, Leptodon, 28, 29 

 megarhynchus, Regerhinus, 28, 29 

 megaspilus, Circus, 225 

 melanobronchos, Falco, 193 

 melanoleuca, Asturina, 144, 146 

 melanoleucus, Buteo, 142, 145, 147, 206 

 melanoleucus, Geranoaetus, 145, 200 

 melanoleucus, Geranoaetus, 146 

 melanoleucus, Haliaetus, 144, 146 

 melanoleucus, Micrastur, 244, 246 

 melanoleucus, Pontoaetus, 146 

 melanoleucus, Sparvius, 245 

 melanoleucus, Spizaetus, 144, 207 

 melanoleucus, Spizastur, 206 

 melanoleucus, Spiziastur, 148, 207 



melanonota, Asturina, 174 

 melanonotus, Buteo, 172 

 melanops, Asturina, 175 

 melanops, Falco, 169, 175 

 melanops, Leucppternis, 175, 176 

 melanops, Urubitinga, 176 

 melanopterus, Falco, 15 

 melanosternus, Buteo, 92 

 melanostethus, Buteo, 88 

 melanotus, Buteo, 172 

 meridensis, Gampsonyx, 292 

 meridensis, Geranoaetus, 148 

 meridionalis, Buteo, 81 

 meridionalis, Buteogallus, 81 

 meridionalis, Cathartes, 8 

 meridionalis, Falco, 80 

 meridionalis, Heterospizias, 80, 81, 



82 



meridionalis, Urubitinga, 81 

 metanogyne, Hypotriorchis, 303 

 mexicana, Urubitinga, 189 

 mexicanus, Accipiter, 61, 62 

 mexicanus, Falco, 294 

 mexicanus, Hierofalco, 294 

 mexicanus, Morphnus, 188 

 mexicanus, Nisus, 62 

 mexicanus, Odpntriorchis, 25 

 mexicanus, Pnigohierax, 294 

 Micraetus, 22 

 MICRASTUR, 242 

 micronyx, Buteogallus, 191 

 micrus, Asturina, 158, 159 

 micrus, Buteo, 159 

 MILVAGO, 265 

 milvoides, Aquila, 194 

 minimus, Buteo, 143 

 minor, Asturina, 159 

 minutus, Buteo, 142 

 minutus, Sparvius, 64 

 mirandollei, Accipiter, 69 

 mirandollei, Astur, 247 

 mirandollei, Micrastur, 68, 69, 247, 



248 



minis, Chondrohierax, 30 

 misisippiensis, Falco, 37 

 misisippiensis, Ictinia, 37, 38 

 mississipensis, Ictinia, 37 

 mississippiensis, Ictinia, 37 

 monachus, Sparvius, 23 

 montana, Buteo, 102 

 montanus, Buteo, 97, 103, 110 

 montanus, Caracara, 278 

 montanus, Phalcobaenus, 278 

 montanus, Phalcoboenus, 275 

 montanus, Polyborus, 279 

 Morphinus, 200 

 Morphnarchus, 170 

 MORPHNUS, 200 



naso, Carnifex, 242, 243 

 naso, Micrastur, 243, 244 




INDEX 



355 



nattereri, Asturina, 132, 134, 136, 138, 



139 



nattereri, Buteo, 138, 139, 140 

 nattereri, Rupornis, 130, 132, 134, 135, 



137, 138, 139 

 natteri, Asturina, 130 

 Neofalco, 294 



neogaeus, Plangus, 197, 198 

 Nertus, 37 

 niger, Falco, 111 

 niger, Geranospizias, 228 

 niger, Ischnosceles, 228 

 niger, Rostrhamus, 41, 44 

 niger, Spizaetus, 183 

 nigra, Geranpspiza, 228, 229 

 nigra, Rupornis, 141 

 nigriceps, Falco, 297 

 nigricollis, Busarellus, 193, 194, 195, 



196 



nigricollis, Buteo, 193 

 nigricollis, Buteogallus, 194 

 nigricollis, Falco, 193 

 nigricollis, Ichthypborus, 194 

 nigricollis, Urubitinga, 194 

 nigroplumbeus, Accipiter, 76, 78 

 nigroplumbeus, Nisus, 77 

 Nisus, 48 



nisus, Falco, 48, 79 

 nisus, Haliaeetus, 215 

 nitida, Asturina, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164 

 nitidus, Astur, 162, 163 

 nitidus, Buteo, 161 

 nitidus, Falco, 84, 161 

 Nothierax, 243 

 Nothrophontes, 203 

 novaezealandiae, Falco, 275 

 novae-Zelandiae, Caracara, 275 

 novae-zelandiae, Falco, 275 

 noveboracensis, Falco, 322 

 nudicollis, Falco, 263 

 nudicollis, Milvago, 263 



obscurus, Falco, 318 

 obsoletus, Buteo, 110 

 obsoletus, Falco, 295, 296 

 obsoletus, Hierofalco, 295 

 occidentalis, Leucopternis, 171, 172 

 occidentalis, Urubitinga, 185 

 occidua, Rupornis, 132 

 occiduus, Buteo, 131, 133 

 occipitalis, Cathartes, 12 

 ochocephalus, Polyborus, 272 

 ochracea, Cerchneis, 332, 335, 336 

 ochracea, Falco, 336 

 ochraceus, Falco, 335, 336 

 ochrocephalus, Milvago, 265, 272 

 Odontriorchis, 22 

 Oenops, 6 



ophiophaga, Ictina, 37 

 ophiophagus, Falco, 37 

 ophryophanes, Falco, 308 

 ophryophanes, Hypotriorchis, 308 



orbignyi, Cathartes, 12 



ornata, Harpyia, 210 



ornatus, Falco, 208, 210 



ornatus, Spizaetus, 210, 211, 212 



OROAETUS, 205 



oxypterus, Buteo, 110 



pacificus, Accipiter, 70 



pacificus, Nisus, 70 



palliata, Leucopternis, 174 



palliata, Urubitinga, 174 



palliatus, Chondrohierax, 24 



palliatus, Falco, 22, 23 



palliatus, Leptodpn, 24 



palliatus, Odontriorchis, 25 



pallida, Asturina, 163 



pallidus, Buteo, 112, 163 



pallidus, Caracara, 287 



pallidus, Polyborus, 287 



paludivaga, Milvago, 272 



paludivagus, Milvago, 271 



palumbarius, Astur, 49, 50 



palustris, Falco, 225 



PANDION, 234 



papa, Cathartes, 4 



papa, Gypagus, 3 



papa, Gyparchus, 4 



papa, Sarcoramphus, 3 



papa, Vultur, 3 



PARABUTEO, 164 



paula, Cerchneis, 326 



paulus, Cerchneis, 326 



paulus, Falco, 326 



pax, Falco, 307, 309 



pealei, Falco, 299, 300 



pectoralis, Accipiter, 63 



pectoralis, Astur, 48, 63 



pectoralis, Buteo, 63 



pectoralis, Cooperastur, 64 



pectoralis, Dinospizias, 63 



pectoralis, Falco, 63 



pectoralis, Nisus, 64 



pelagica, Aquila, 215, 218 



pelagicus, Haliaeetus, 218 



pelagicus, Thalassoaetus, 218 



pelzelni, Micrastur, 256 



peninsularis, Cerchneis, 325 



peninsularis, Falco, 325 



pennsylvanicus, Buteo, 113, 114, 116, 



117, 118 



pennsylvanicus, Craxirex, 114 

 pennsylvanicus, Falco, 69, 113 

 Percnohierax, 85 

 percontator, Falco, 243 

 percontator, Micrastur, 244 

 peregrinus, Falco, 294, 297, 301 

 permger, Cathartes, 10, 12 

 pernigra, Cathartes, 9, 10 

 pernigra, Oenops, 9, 11 

 perobscurus, Accipiter, 71 

 perplexa, Cerchneis, 334 

 perplexus, Falco, 334 




356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



peruviana, Cerchneis, 339, 340 



peruyianus, Falco, 339, 340 



peruviensis, Buteo, 89 



petersi, Buteo, 120 



petoensis, Falco, 303, 305 



petrophilus, Falco, 305 



petulans, Buteo, 125, 126 



pezopora, Aquila, 266 



pezoporos, Milvago, 267, 269 



phalaena, Cerchneis, 325 



phalaena, Falco, 324 



phalaena, Tinnunculus, 324 



PHALCOBOENUS, 274, 275 



phaloena, Cerchneis, 322 



picatus, Falco, 172 



pichinchae, Falco, 311 



pichinchae, Rhynchofalco, 312 



picta, Aquila, 183 



picta, Asturina, 104 



pictum, Daedalion, 49 



pictus, Buteo, 89 



pileatus, Accipiter, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 



58, 60, 68 

 pileatus, Astur, 61 

 pileatus, Falco, 56 

 pileatus, Nisus, 53, 56, 58, 60, 61 

 plagiata, Asturina, 157, 158, 159 

 plagiatus, Buteo, 157 

 plancus, Caracara, 281 

 plancus, Falco, 281 

 plancus, Polyborus, 282 

 plancus, Vultur, 275 

 Plangus, 197 



planiceps, Archibuteo, 84 

 platypterus, Buteo, 113, 114, 116, 117 

 platypterus, Sparvius, 85, 113 

 plumbea, Ictinia, 38, 40 

 plumbea, Leucppternis, 179, 180 

 plumbea, Urubitinga, 180 

 plumbeus, Clamasocircus, 259 

 plumbeus, Climacocercus, 259 

 plumbeus, Falco, 37, 38 

 plumbeus, Micrastur, 259 

 plumbeus, Rostrhamus, 42, 43, 46 

 Plumipeda, 208 

 Pnigphierax, 294 

 poecilinotus, Asturina, 172 

 poecilinotus, Buteo, 173 

 poecilochrous, Buteo, 91, 92 

 poecilogaster, Buteo, 88 

 poecilonotus, Falco, 169, 172 

 Poecilopternis, 85 

 Poecilopteryx, 37 

 poliogaster, Accipiter, 68 

 poliogaster, Astur, 69 

 poliogaster, Cooperastur, 69 

 poliogaster, Falco, 56, 58 

 poliogaster, Micrastur, 247 

 poliogaster, Nisus, 56, 58, 68 

 polionota, Asturina, 158 

 polionota, Leucopternis, 173, 174 

 polionotus, Asturina, 173 



polionotus, Buteo, 173 



poliopterus, Circus, 223 



poliosoma, Buteo, 85, 88 



poliosomus, Craxirex, 88 



polyagrus, Falco, 294 



Polyborus, 218 



polyosoma, Buteo, 85, 88, 89 



polyosoma, Falco, 85 



Potamolegus, 85 



princeps, Leucopternis, 170, 180, 181 



princeps, Urubitinga, 180 



Pseudastur, 169 



Pseudogryphus, 14 



Pternura, 208 



pteroclea, Falco, 84 



pterocles, Buteo, 110, 149, 151, 153 



pterocles, Falco, 149 



pterocles, Tachytriorchis, 153 



pucherani, Asturina, 134, 136 



pucherani, Buteo, 134, 136 



pucherani, Cymindis, 28 



pucherani, Rupornis, 133, 134, 136, 139 



punctipennis, Falco, 288 



Pygargus, 218 



pygargus, Aquila, 215 



queribundus, Herpetotheres, 240 



ranivorous, Gampsonyx, 33 



regalis, Archibuteo, 93 



regalis, Buteo, 93 



regalis, Falco, 49, 204 



regalis, Triorchis, 93 



Regerhinus, 26 



Rhinogryphus, 6 



Rhynchodon, 294 



Rhynchofalco, 294 



Rhynchomegus, 243 



Rhyncomegas, 243 



richardsoni, Falco, 320 



richardsonii, Falco, 320 



ricordi, Cathartes, 8 



ridgwayi, Buteo, 108, 109 



ridgwayi, Coryornis, 109 



ridgwayi, Hypomorphnus, 182 



ridgwayi, Pandion, 236, 237 



Ridgwayi, Rupornis, 85, 108 



ridgwayi, Urubitinga, 181, 182 



Ridgweir, Pandion, 236 



rivierei, Buteo, 117, 118 



rivieri, Buteo, 118 



ROSTRHAMUS, 41 



rudolfi, Falco, 300 



rufescentior, Buteo, 97 



ruficauda, Asturina, 119, 121, 122, 123, 



124, 125, 127 

 ruficauda, Buteo, 126 

 ruficauda, Rupornis, 120, 121, 122, 123, 



124, 125, 126, 127, 129 

 ruficaudus, Accipiter, 96 

 ruficollis, Cathartes, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 

 ruficollis, Clamosocircus, 255 




INDEX 



357 



ruficollis, Climacocercus, 254 

 ruficollis, Micrastur, 250, 252, 253, 



254, 257 



ruficollis, Sparvius, 243, 253 

 rufifrons, Falco, 290 

 rufigularis, Falco, 305, 306, 307, 308, 



309 

 rufigularis, Hypotriorchis, 302, 304, 307, 



308 



rufilatus, Accipiter, 70 

 rufipes, Harpagus, 34 

 rufiventer, Bidens, 33 

 rufulus, Circus, 80 

 rufulus, Heterospizias, 83 

 rupicola, Falco, 294 

 Rupornis, 84 

 rutilans, Asturina, 81 

 rutilans, Buteo, 81 

 rutilans, Falco, 80 

 rutilans, Hypomorphnus, 81 

 Rypornis, 84 



sacer, Falco, 296 

 sacra, Vultur, 4 

 salvini, Accipiter, 75, 77, 78 

 salvini, Nisus, 77 

 sancti-johannis, Archibuteo, 112 

 s.-johannis, Buteo, 111, 112 

 S.-Johannis, Falco, 111 

 sancti-johannis, Triorchis, 112 

 SARCORAMPHUS, 3 

 saturata, Asturina, 133, 138 

 saturata, Rupornis, 134, 135 

 saturatus, Buteo, 133, 135 

 schistacea, Asturina, 178 

 schistacea, Leucopternis, 178, 179 

 schistacea, Urubitinga, 178, 180, 189 

 schistaceus, Morphnus, 158, 178 

 schistochlamys, Accipiter, 52, 54 

 scotoptera, Asturina, 175 

 scotoptera, Leucopternis, 175 

 scotopterus, Asturina, 175 

 scotopterus, Buteo, 175 

 scotopterus, Falco, 175 

 seminocturnis, Thrasyaccipiter, 243, 254 

 semiplumbea, Leucopternis, 177 

 setnitorquatus, Micrastur, 243, 245, 



246 



semitorquatus, Sparvius, 242, 245 

 Senex, 275 



sennetti, Buteo, 152, 154 

 septentrionalis, Cathartes, 6, 7 

 septentrionalis, Falco, 310 

 septentrionalis, Rhynchofalco, 311 

 sexfasciatus, AccipiteT, 52 

 sexfasciatus, Visus, 53 

 simonsi, Buteo, 92 

 sinus-honduri, Buteo, 122 

 skotopterus, Falco, 174 

 sociabilis, Herpethotheres, 41, 43 

 sociabilis, Ibicter, 45, 47 



sociabilis, Rostrhamus, 42, 43. 44, 



46,47 



sociabilis, Rostrihamus, 45 

 socorroensis, Buteo, 102, 103 

 solitaria, Urubitornis, 199 

 solitarius, Circaetus, 197, 199 

 solitarius, Harpyhaliaetus, 199, 200 

 solitudinis, Buteo, 100 

 sonnini, Falco, 200 

 spadiceus, Falco, 219 

 sparveria, Cerchneis, 322, 323, 333, 337, 



343 



sparverioides, Cerchneis, 327, 328 

 sparverioides, Falco, 327 

 sparverioides, Tinnunculus, 327 

 sparverius, Falco, 322, 325, 327, 329, 



332, 333, 339, 340, 341, 345 

 sparverius, Tinnunculus, 322, 324, 328, 



329, 333, 335, 337, 338, 340, 341, 345 

 sparveroides, Falco, 328 

 sparyeroides, Tinnunculus, 327 

 spixii, Spizaetus, 209 

 Spizacircus, 219 

 SPIZAETUS, 208 

 Spizageranus, 181 

 SPIZASTUR, 206 

 Spiziacercus, 219 

 SPIZIAPTERYX, 288 

 Spiziastur, 206 

 Stanleii, Falco, 61 

 striatulus, Accipiter, 49, 51 

 striatulus, Astur, 49, 50, 51 

 striatus, Accipiter, 72, 73 

 striatus, Daptrius, 260 

 striatus, Nisus, 76, 79 

 Strigiceps, 219 

 strigilatus, Gymnops, 272 

 striolatus, Astur, 161 

 striolatus, Falco, 163 

 subaesalon, Falco, 317 

 Subbuteo, Falco, 293 

 subcoerulea, Ictinia, 37 

 subniger, Sparvius, 64 

 subtilis, Buteogallus, 191 

 subtilis, Urubitinga, 190 

 suckleyi, Falco, 320, 321 

 superbus, Falco, 208, 210 

 superciliaris, Asturina, 177 

 superciliaris, Buteo, 135 

 superciliaris, Leucopternis, 177 

 superciliaris, Potamolegus, 138 

 superciliaris, Rupornis, 135, 137, 139 

 superciliosus, Accipiter, 64, 65, 67 

 superciliosus, Circus, 225 

 superciliosus, Falco, 48, 64 

 superciliosus, Hieraspizias, 65 

 superciliosus, Nisus, 65 

 superior, Parabuteo, 166 

 suttoni, Accipiter, 71 

 swainsoni, Buteo, 109, 111 

 Swainsoni, Craxirex, 111 




358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 



swaiiisonii, Gampsonyx, 289, 290, 

 292, 293 



Tachytriorchis, 84 



taeniatus, Morphnus, 202 



taeniurus, Polyborus, 164 



taeniurus, Rostrhamus, 47 



temerarius, Falco, 318 



temucoensis, Milvago, 268 



tenuirostris, Rostrihamus, 41, 45 



teter, Cathartes, 6 



texanus, Buteo, 107 



Thallasoaetus, 215 



tharus, Falco, 281 



tharus, Polyborus, 282, 284 



thoracicus, Falco, 306 



thoracius, Falco, 314 



Thrasaetos, 203 



Thrasyaccipiter, 243 



Thrasyaetus, 203 



tina, Hieraspizia, 65 



Tinnunculus, 293 



tinnunculus, Falco, 321, 322 



tinus, Accipiter, 65, 67 



tinus, Falco, 48, 64 



tinus, lerospizia, 65 



tinus, Nisus, 64 



torquatus, Elanus, 290 



tricolor, Buteo, 85 



tricolor, Sparvius, 69 



Triorchis, 84 



tropicalis, Cerchneis, 326, 327 



tropicalis, Falco, 326, 327 



tyrannus, Spizaetus, 208, 209, 213 



uliginosus, Falco, 219 

 umbrinus, Buteo, 99, 100 

 uncinatus, Chondrohierax, 27, 29, 31 



uncinatus, Cymindis, 28 

 uncinatus, Falco, 26, 27 

 uncinatus, Leptpdon, 28 

 uncinatus, Pernis, 27 

 uncinatus, Regerhinus, 27, 29, 31 

 unicincta, Asturina, 165, 167 

 unicincta, Erythrocnema, 165, 167 

 unicincta, Urubitinga, 164, 167 

 unicinctus, Antenor, 166, 168 

 unicinctus, Astur, 167, 189 

 unicinctus, Buteo, 167 

 unicinctus, Craxirex, 164, 167 

 unicinctus, Falco, 164, 167 

 unicinctus, Hypomorphnus, 164, 168 

 unicinctus, Leptodon, 27 

 unicinctus, Morphnus, 165, 167 

 unicinctus, Parabuteo, 166, 167, 168, 



169 



unicinctus, Spizigeranus, 164 

 unicolor, Buteo, 86 

 uralensis, Falco, 296, 297 

 uralensis, Hierofalco, 296 

 urbicola, Cathartes, 7 

 URUBITINGA, 181 

 Urubitinga, 158, 181 



urubitinga, Aquila, 183 

 urubitinga, Asturina, 184 

 urubitinga, Cathartes, 9, 13 

 urubitinga, Falco, 181, 183 

 urubitinga, Hypomorphnus, 183, 185 

 urubitinga, Morphnus, 182, 183, 185, 



192 



urubitinga, Oenops, 13 

 urubitinga, Urubitinga, 183, 184, 185 

 Urubitornis, 197 

 urubu, Catharista, 5 

 urubu, Coragyps, 4, 5 

 urubu, Vultur, 4 

 urubutinga, Cathartes, 9, 12 

 urutaurana, Aquila, 210 



vagans, Ictinia, 40 



variatus, Nisus, 52 



variegatus, Spizaetus, 201 



varius, Buteo, 86 



velox, Accipiter, 69, 70, 73 



velox, Falco, 69 



venator, Accipiter, 74 



venezuelensis, Accipiter, 78 



ventralis, Accipiter, 75, 77, 78, 79 



ventralis, Buteo, 88, 89, 90, 104 



ventralis, Nisus, 77 



vicarius, Spizaetus, 212 



viellotinus, Falco, 72 



vitticaudus, Cymindis, 28 



vitticaudus, Falco, 27 



vulgaris, Buteo, 109 



vulgaris, Polyborus, 281, 284 



VULTUR, 1 



vulturinus, Cathartes, 14 



washingtoni, Falco, 216 

 washingtoniensis, Falco, 216 

 washingtoniensis, Haliaeetus, 216 

 wilsoni, Chondrohierax, 31 

 wilsoni, Leptodon, 31 

 wilsonii, Chondrohierax, 31 

 wilsonii, Cymindis, 31 

 Wilsonii, Falco, 113 

 wilsonii, Regerhinus, 31 



xanthothorax, Climacocercus, 253 

 xanthothorax, Falco, 243, 253 

 xanthothorax, Micrastur, 249, 253 

 xanthothorax, Nisus, 252, 253 

 xantusi, Buteo, 120 



yetapa, Elanoides, 19, 21 



yetapa, Falco, 20 

 yetapa, Milvus, 20 



zamorae, Rupornis, 131 

 zimmeri, Leucopternis, 181 

 zonocercus, Buteo, 155 

 zonothorax, Clamosocircus, 252 

 zonothorax, Micrastur, 250, 251, 252 

 zonura, Urubitinga, 182, 184 

 zonurus, Falco, 183 







UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA