Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum Volume III 1877 eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS W THE BRITISH MUSEUM. VOLUME III. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1877. ,,, —KC«T7iS. MS CATALOGUE OF THE PASSERIFORMES, OS PERCHING BIRDS, IX THE COLLECTION OB* THE BRITISH MUSEUM. COLIOMOBPHJE, CONTAINING THE FAMILIES C0R¥1J>JE? PABADISEID^, OBIOLIB^, DICBURID^, AND PEXGNOPIME. R. BOWDLER SHARPS. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDEK OF THE TRUSTEES/, 1877. PRINTED BY TAYLOB AND JBANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. THE Third Volume of the ' Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum 9 has been prepared by Mr. R. B. Sharpe, one of the Senior Assistants in the Zoological Department, and author of the two preceding volumes. It contains the commencement of the account of all the species of Passerine Birds known at present; and as no similar monograph of'these Birds has been published since the year 1850, it may be hoped that the present work will not only assist the numerous students of this portion of the British- Museum collections, but also prove useful to ornithologists, travellers, and collectors, ALBERT GUNTHER, Keeper of the Department of Zoology. British Museum, June 1877. INTRODUCTION. The present volume treats of the first group of the Passeriformes or Perching Birds, the Coliomorphce. The total number of species enumerated is 307, of which the British Museum contains 315 ; so that 52 are still wanting to complete the collection: of these missing species quite half the number are of doubtful specific value, and many of them will be eventually found to be referable to species which are duly described in the present work. The number of specimens enumerated is 20l4« It is not without some satisfaction that the author is able to record the increasing assistance rendered to him by fellow labourers, by presentations to the collection and by the loan of specimens. Especial mention must be made of a donation of 1303 skins of Indian and Malayan birds made to the Museum by Capt. fcJtackhouse Pinwill. The series in the British Museum includes the collection of Corvicle formed by Mr. John Gould, the African birds formerly belonging to the author, Mr. Wallace's line series of Malayan Crows, and specimens collected hj Mr. W. T. Blanford in Persia and by Dr. J. Anderson during the Yunan Expeditions. The Museum is further indebted for presents to the following gentlemen—Lord Lilford, Major Hayes Lloyd, Captain G. E. Shelley, Dr. B. Hinde, Captain Tincent Legge, A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., Messrs. Woodward (of Xatal), and especially to the authorities of the Smithsonian Institution, who have contributed several species which were want ing to the collection. The special thanks of the author for valuable assistance and loan Till rSTBODrCTION. of specimens are due to The Marquis of Tweeddale, Captain Shelley, Messrs. Salvin and Godman, Howard Saunders, It. Swinhoe, Br. Otto Pinseh, Prof. J. B. Steere—but particularly to Br. A. B. Meyer, who has sent him for description his interesting series of the genus Reetes, procured by him during his voyage to the Moluccas. As in the former volumes, the affixes to the names of the persons from whom the specimens were obtained may be explained as follows :—" "P.],J means " Presented by;" i4 [C] " = <4 Collected by;" ^ [E.] " = " Obtained by exchange." Where none of the above signs are used, the specimens were purchased. R. BOWBLER SHARPE. British Museum. June 6, 1877. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Order PASSERI FORMES. Suborder PASSERES. I. AQROMYODL a, JPasseres normaks. SECTION TUBBIPOEMBS. Group I. OOLIOMORPHJE. Fani. COBVIDJE. Subfain. GORVJNJE. Page 1. Trypanocorax, Sundev. . 8 1. rrugilegus; L 9 2. gastina4orJ Gmdd 10 2. Heterocorax, Sharpe ...... 11 1. capensis? Licht.......... 12 & OorViis, Z. 13 r 1. cora^iL 14 2. lawrencn, Hume ........ 15 3. cryptoleucus, CSw^A...... 15 4. umbiinus, Simd. 17 5. rurlcolEs, Less, 17 0. leptonyXj Peak 19 7. cororioMes, F. <§* -H". 20 8. cuiwSSP!^ Sykes........ 20 9. torquatus/X^, 21 10. s^^mf Daud* . 22 11. bawaiSSis, Pe«& 13 4. Corvultur, Less, 24 1. alMpolgs, Lath 24 2. crai^irostris, Biipp .25 5. Colceus, J&aup 25 1. moaedyiia, Linn 26 a. collaris, Drumm. ...... 27 2.m^imSeM.- 28 3. %uurieus; Pall 28 4. ossifragus, WiU 29 5. roinuttis, Gundl. .. 29 6,Cam£%;&p .30 ill. qojyx.Z. 31 «. eapellaim, Sel .,.,..,. 32 vol,. Ill, Page f 2. sgkn^^^FzWE ..,,.. 33 armiofenij Hume ...... 34 0 3. ainerieana., Audub 34 4. msasmpBaird '.. 3-3 5. cauriga^Baird 30 6. mexieana, Gm 36 m ^ Co^^*x 36 8. australis, Gould 37 * 9. maCTprJhynclia, 7F^/. .. 38 *. l^SIattfi, Xess • 39 ft. japonensH, Bp 41 10. T^dh^m^Schl 42 11. p^ilipj^^^i? 42 12. enea, Hor&f. 43 «. orra^-%. 44 )3. viSS^fia. J%?. ........ 45 7. Rblnocorax, Sharpe 45 1. affinis, Biipp. .......... 46 8. Q2u£§R?3p. .. 47 1. typica* Bp 47 9. Microcorax, Sharpe ...... 48 1. jamaieensis, Gm 48 2. solitarius, Wiirt. 49 3. leucognaphaliis, Baud. .. 49 4. BaScuSj TPSrmi 49 10. Pbysocorai, Bp 50 1. rM>neduloides? Less. 50 11. Gjmnocom^Sundev, .... 50 1. sjtneXiLess. 50 12. Macrocorax, Sharpe 51 1. fuscicapilhis, Gray 51 13. NuclTaga, Brm.......... 52 1. caryocatactes, Linn 53 2. Kemispila, Vigors ...... 54 3. xtffflfipuiictata, Gould .. 55 4. columbiana, Wih. 56 14. Strepera, Less, . 57 1. graculina, White «... 57 2. crfssaliSj Sharpe 58 , C/3. argnfo, Gould 59 4. intermedia, Sharpe 59 5. cuneicaudata, Vmll .... 60 a, plumbea, Gould...... 60 h SYSTEMATIC IXDEX. Page 8. naelanoptera, Gould.... 61 7. fuBginosa, Gould ...... 61 15. Pica, Briss 62 1. pica, Linn 62 c&. leueoptera, Gould.... 66 2. niauritanica, Malh. .... 66 3. nuttalli, Audnb. ...... 66 16. Cyanopolius, Bp 67 1. cvanus, Pa# 68 2. eooki, P p 69 17. Urocissa, Cab 69 1. occipitalis, J%<$ ..... . 70 2. magrniro-striS; Blyth .... 71 3. er\ tliroiityncba, Gm. ,. 71 4. fla^ iroatris, Blyth ...... 72 5. cserulea, Gould ........ 74 18. Cryptorhina, TFa^ 74 1. afra, L 75 19. Dendrocitta, Gould 75 1. rufa, Scop 76 2. frontalis, McCkll 78 3. leucogastra, Gould .... 79 4. bjjnalayensis, Blyth .... 79 5. formosce, Swinh. ...... 80 6. sinensis, Z«£A 81 7. occipitalis, Mull. 81 8. bayleyi, Tijtler 82 20. Crypsiriiina, Vieill 8:j 1. Yarians, Lath 83 2. cucullata, Jerd. 84 21. Cissa, Bote 84 1. chmensi&jBodd. . 85 » #. minor, Cat. .. 86 2. thalassina, Temm. .... 86 3. ojrnata, Wagl 87 2% Calocitta, Gray .«.,..,, 88 1. formosa, Sio 88 2. colliei, Vig 89 23. Platysrnuras, Reichenb, .. 90 1. leucopterus, Temm 90 2. atemmus, Temm 91 24. Temnurus, Less 91 1. truncatus, Less. 91 25. Garrulus, Briss. 91 - 1. glandarius, Linn. ., 93 2. nyrcainis, Blanf. 94 3. janonicus, Bp 95 4. nlmor, Verr 96 5. brandti, Eversm 96 g- afecpillnsa Geoffr 97 7. z^y2^X%Bp 98 I 8. krynicMi, Kahn. ...... 99 j 9. leucoSs, Hume 99 < 10. fispeculaiis, Vigors.... 100 i 11. sineasls^lSW^ ..... . 101 ' 12. taivanus? Gould 101 . 13. lanceolatnSjj Vigors ... 14. ]iltU,Bp. .......... 26. Pemsorens, Bp, ........ " 1. iniaustus^ L. ........ 2. "canadensis, L......... 3. obsciixns, Ztidgw. .... 4. capitalis, Baird ...... 27. Cyanoeitta, Strickl. .... l/cristata, L. 2. stelieri, Gm. ........ 3. macroiopha, Baird.... 4. cgronata; Sic. ........ 0. dladeraata, Bp. ...... 28. ApEeloeoina, Gab. ...... 1. californica, Vigors .... 2. sumicliraati, Midgic. .. 3. woo&huusii, Baird .... 4. ultramaiina, Pp a. coucbi, Baird 5. sorJifia, Sic. ........ a. arlzonae, Ilnhpc.. . . 6. fluridaiia, P«Wr 7. uuiculur, Jbu Um .... 8. nana, lJu Bus 29. Cyanoeurax, Bote ...... 1. ekrpops V. 2. diesin^i, Pelz. 3. aMmsKPeh.:......... 4. sclateri, Heine ...... 6. intermedins, Heine .. 7. cyanopogon, Neuwied.. 8. my&tacalis, Geoffr 9. cyanomelas, V. ...... 10. chilensis, Bp 11. vibtaceus, JDu Bus .... 12. eseruleus, V. 13.heckeli,P 3&l>h bL *h$? 14. forniosus, Cab. 15. flariemctiis? King .... a.Tuffissimus. H :ne. . 16. viridifuscus, Heine 17. forsteni, Bp 18. striatus, Q. Sr G 19. "BoiifiieiLsIs, Q. $ G. .. 20. phasochroxous, Gray . . 21. vmt£s,Lath -Til Sharpe 23. xantlionotus, Horsf. . . 24. melanocephalus, L STSevkmsSPhZp 25. monaclius, Vvi 26. crasslrostris, Marti . . 27. larcatus, Lieht 28. bracEroiYiiclius, Sic. , 29. mgripenms, Verr. . .. :-;. 30. cruentus; TfV/Z. 31. ardens, Sxrinh 32. nigellicaudus, Sir ink.. o 33. traillju J57/o/-^ 2. SpKecotneres, V. 1. maxillaria, Lath. ... 2. salvadorii, Sharpe ... 3. fiaviventris, 6W<7 . .. 4. vmclis V. Fam. DicRrniDJE. 1. Bicrurus, V. 1. balicassius, L 2. miHHlS, Walden .... 3. annei^eps, HodgsQ 4. afiipennis, &tc)\ 5. mottegfug, Ift/rtf. ... . << 6. lfBtygS, Smith 2. Chibia, Hodgs ' • 1. hottentptta, L n> 2. bracteata, Gould 3. bimaensis7 Bp. ...... 4. atrocaerulea, Gray .... \v a. carjjonaria, Midi. .. fa. a^simi'iis", Gray .... y. ambojxigiisis, Gray. . 5. pectislis^JT^//. 6. laemostieta, Selater.... 7. leSSpTJ^tftf. adensa. i?/> §Tm^alorni8, Gray .... 3. Cbsetorbyncbus, Meyer.. 1. papuensis, Meyer 4. ChapBa, fibdy*. 1. agea^F. fy 2. brajinkna, /SWnA 3. malayensis, Blyth .... Ir^XUyUA) v v Joov 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 211 212 213 213 215 216 21(J 217 217 218 220 221 221 221 222 223 224 224 225 226 i29 230 231 231 232 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 238 239 239 240 241 241 241 242 242 242 243 243 244 244 * "^ l t kat*** _—. M=Xc>AA •. 5. Buclianga, Hodgs. . , 24o 1. atra^ Herm. 246 f- "a. assimilis. Beehst. 247 "} K 2". lortgicaiidata, Jer*7... 249 0 3." cinpfea. Horsf. 250 aTpyrrliops, Hodgs. 251 4. leucogenv.?. Walden 251 f- 5. eseriilescen*, Z 252 a. lnsulafis, Sharpe ^3 6. leueogvgrialis, i?/>/tfi 7. waldem, »SiVW>/* ... 1. Miji'u'. Ttmm 257 10. Dissffimiru.'?, Gloyer .... 251 1. paradisejjs, L 2JW II Irena, 7L>r#/. e£ #*%; Mus. P.-B. Coraces, p. 101; Gray Hand-l. B. i. p. 291, Hume, Lahore to Yarh. p. 167; Senders. $ Hume, t, c. p. 200, pi- a.. Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 299. . ,. ,. 5*,/ Oriolus galbula, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 17; Hodgs..» Grays Zool. Misc. p. 83. _7 , T A Q -n - Oriolus aureus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 261; Blijtk, J. A. o. J>. H. p. 797. Oriolus galbuloides, Gould, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 6. Oriolus melauoris, J5&%*. m Grays Zool. Misc. p. 83. no. itw. Head of Oriolus Jcundoo. Nestling. Above light yellowish green, with edgings of paler yellow to the feathers• wings olive-brown washed with yellowish green, with light-yellow tips• primaries externally edged with greyish white• tail olive-green, tipped with yellow, the external feathers yellow on the inner web; rest of under surface of body dull white, slightly washed with yellow here and there, the feathers mesially streaked with brown. Full-grown young bird. Similar in plumage to the nestling before described, but rather brighter yellow above and wanting the yellow margins to the feathers of the upper surface, excepting on the wing- coverts, where a few still remain ; quills brown, the primaries externally edged with greyish white, the secondaries washed with olive- yellow, more distinct on the inner ones, which resemble the wing- coverts ; tail dull yellowish olive, tipped with bright yellow, both increasing in extent at the tip and occupying more of the base towards the outer tail-feathers, some of which show a slight subterminal blackish shade ; under surface of body dull white, with mesial blackish streaks to all the feathers, more obscure on the throat; the sides of the body, thighs, and under wing- and tail-coverts bright yellow. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 5*35, tail 3-6, tarsus 0-85.' Adult male. Bright golden yellow above and below, including the thighs and under wing- and tail-coverts; lores, feathers round the eye, and a narrow eyebrow black; most of the scapulars externallv black • wings black, the edge of the wing golden yellow, as also the 1. ORIOLUS. 195 tips of some of tlie bastard-wing-feathers; primary-coverts golden yellow, with black bases; quills black, the primaries edged and tipped with yellow, these yellow tips being very large on the secondaries, especially on the outer web, where they form a large spot; tail golden yellow, the feathers with black bases to the outer webs, increasing in extent towards the centre of the tail, the two middle feathers being black with narrow yellow tips, the two next feathers black with the terminal third yellow; "bill deep lake-red; legs plumbeous; iris rich blood-red" (Jerdori). Total length 94inches, culmen 1-2, wing 5*7, tail 3-8, tarsus 0*95. Hub. India; Turkestan. a. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.' b, Cj d. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.' e,f. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. g. Pull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.* //, t. Ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.] k, I Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin will [P.] m. Imm. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.]. it. Ad. sk. Ladakh. Purchased. o, p. <$ ad. sk. Cashmere. E. M. Langworthy, Esq. [0.1 q. Ad. sk. Kamptee, 0. India. Dr.Hinde?P.l. ' rf a. Imm. sk. Kamptee, C. India, Dr.HindefP.]. t. Juv. sk. Kamptee, C. India. Dr. Hinde [P.]. u. Ad. sk. Deccan. Dr. F. Day [C.]. 3. Oriolus auratus. Le Loriodor, LevailL Ois. cPAfr. pi. 260; Sundev. Grit, om Levaill p. 53. Oriolus auratus, Vieill. N. Diet dfflst Nat xviii. p. 194; id. et Oud. Gal Ois. pi. 83; Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 33; Bp. Consp. i. p. 348; Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. i. p. 209 ; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1854, p. 24; Antm. Cat. Met Ucc. Afr. C-N, p. 44 ; Schl. Mus. P.-B. Coraces, p. 101; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 401; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 291; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 216; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 53. Le Loriot bicolor, Tetmn. Cat. Syst. Cab. dOrn. pp. 46, 202. Oriolus bicolor, Lieht. Verz. Doubl. p. 20; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. toO; id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 163; Bocage, Jam. Lisb. i. p. 137. ^ Oriolus 'chryseos, Heugl. Sijst Uebers. p. 31. no. 294; id. Naum. Orioliis'icterus; Paul v. Wiirt MS.; Heugl. J.f.O. 1867, p. 299. Tail of Oriolus auratus. 196 ORIOLIDiE. Adult male. Above very rich golden yellow, a little lighter on the rump• least wing-coverts entirely yellow; lesser wing-coverts black at the base and very broadly edged with yellow, so that the black scarcely shows, the feather nearest the edge of the wing entirely black; primary-coverts black, with a few of the smaller feathers tipped with yellow; qnills black, light grey underneath, the innermost secondaries broadly, the outer ones more narrowly edged with yellow ; middle tail-feathers black, with a yellow tip, the next two on each side black, with a little broader edging of yellow, the next feathers for the most part yellow till the last, which are black only at the base; a line of black feathers from the base of the bill to the extremity of the ear-covert, encircling the eye • entire under surface of the body rich golden yellow; bill brownish red; feet black. Total length 9 iuches, of bill from front I'l, from gape 1'3, wing 5*5, tail 3*3, tarsus -75, middle toe -7, hind toe *4. Young. Similar to the male, but with the upper surface tinged with olive-green, the rump alone being bright yellow; the quills more dusky black, and the tail-feathers tinged with olive where they are black in the adult male ; throat and breast whitish; sides of the body, flanks, and abdomen yellow, the whole striped with longitudinal lines. Total length 9 inches, bill from front 1*2, from gape 1*35, wing 5-5, tail 3*4, tarsus *8, middle toe -7, hind toe *4. Hah. W. Africa, from Senegambia to Angola f JST.E. Africa. a. <$ ad. sk. Casamance. R. B. Skarpe, Esq. b, c. Imm. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. d. ? ad. sk. fW. Africa.] R. B. Sharpe, Esq. e. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Lieut.-Col. Strachan [P.]. 4. Oriolus notatus. Oriolus auratus, Gurney, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 2 (jiec V.) j Anderss. t c. p. 6 ; Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 185. Oriolus notatus, Peters, J.f. 0.1868, p. 132; Cab. in Von der Dec/ten's Pets. Vbg. iii. p. 83; Gray, Hand-l. JB. i. p. 391; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 218, pi. vii. fig. 2; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 53 • Gurney in Anderss. B. Bam. Ld. p. 124. Oriolus anderssoni, Bocage, Jorn, Lisb. ii. p. 342. Tail of Oriolus notatus. Adult male. Above rich golden yellow, a little paler on the scapularies ; least wing-coverts yellow, with a black shaft down the H 1 . OBIOLXJS. 197 centre of the feather ; cubital coverts black at the base, with a yollow edging, gradually getting broader towards the tip ; quills black, greyish on the underside; secondaries margined with yellow, and the outer primaries with white; middle tail-feathers black, with a • yjollow tip, the two next to the middle tail-feathers black at the base and for the greater part of the inner web, the four outer tail- feathers yellow; a black streak from the base of the bill, passing through the eye and produced to the extremity of the ear-covert; entire under surface rich golden yellow; bill brownish red; feet black. Total length 8 inches, of bill from front 1-1, from gape 1*2, wing 5*4, tail 3*1, tarsus 0*8, middle toe 07, hind toe 0*35. Rob, Eastern Africa, from Mombas to the Zambesi, and Southwestern Africa. a. Ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.]. b. $ ad. sk. Ondonga, Ovampo Land, B. B. Sharpe, Esq. Jan. 22,1807 {Andersson). c. Ad. sk. Maconjo (Anchieta). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. d. Juv. sk. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [0.] *. 5. Oriolus diffusust. Oriolus sinensis, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 342 (sub 0. coronatus) ; Byton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 104. Oriolus chinensis {nee Linn.), Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 262; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 797 • Dauid, N. Arch. Mas. Bull. p. 8 • Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 374; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 477, 1875, p. 132 ; Prjevakh. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 271. Oriolus indicus, Jerd. III. 2nd. Orn. pi. 15; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 47; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 216; Bp. Consp. i. p. 348; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 270 •, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p.'109 ; Schl. Mus. P.-B. Coraces, p. 102 • Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 292; Holdstv. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 453; Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 139. Euchlorites chinensis, Heine, J. f. 0. 1859, p. 402. Euchlorites indicus, Heine, t. c. p. 402. Adult male. General colour above and below bright yellow; fore part of head bright yellow ; lores, feathers round the eye, and the hinder part of the head and neck, black, forming a distinct horseshoe ; wing-coverts bright yellow, the inner webs of the greater series black; primary-coverts black, broadly tipped with yellow, forming a large speculum ; quills black, tipped with greyish white, * This is the specimen referred to by Dr. Hartlaub (P. Z. S. 1865, p. 93) as 0. bicolor; but from its smaller size, light coloration, and nearly obsolete basal markings to the tail-feathers, it is most probably an immature 0. notatus; from its immaturity, however, it is rather difficult to refer the specimen accurately. t This Oriole is the bird generally called 0. indicus by authors; but Brisson's description is totally inadmissible, unless, indeed, a Golden Oriole with blue in its coloration remains to be discovered, which is hardly likely. The Chinese bird (O. chinensis, auct.) is not separable from the Indian; and the name chinensis being undoubtedly referable to the Oriole of the Philippines, I have proposed the'name of diffusus for the Indian bird, as it is the most widely spread of all the black-naped species. ORIOLID^* • j ^fii that, colour, the secondaries the primaries externally margined with that™ . h e wfflfyellow, the innermos t almost en£d^jgg ^ ^ ^ half of the inner web black ; * ^ ^ac^™ feathers of the with bright yellow, increasing towards theoutt ^ web _ tail, the yellow extending further up the ™ ^ ^ ^ (Ji/ttolt). « bill pinky red; feet plumbeou,; ™nc^"^ ^/tarsus 1. Total length 9-6 inches, culmen 1-J^ n f *°^ t h bright vellow; Young. Greenish yellow, the feathers tl PP^"" \ » t"he ri_ q.iHs brownish, the P^Ss^TrfaUy^h^w^' greenish e*terMU mary-coverts and secondaries> , . marciu • tail yellow, inclining to brighter jd««^, p. 132.) Head of Oriolm diffusa*. Tenasserim, as far south as Hab. Indian peninsula and China: Penang. a, b. Ad. sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, E*q >rp.i. c. Juv. sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, Eaq. [P.]. d, e. Ad. sk. Penang. Dr. Cantor [C.]. f,g. Ad. sk. China. Capt. Blakiston [C J. h. Juv. sk. China. Capt. Makktoa [C-I i. Var. sk. N. China. Capt. Blakiaton fC.J* 7c. Ad. sk. N. China. Mr. Fortune [C.J. I. Ad.sk., m. Juv. sk. S.W. Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Eeq* [C.]. 6. Oriolns tenuirostris. Oriolus tenuirostris, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 48; ul Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 216; Gray, Hand-l B. I p. L*. no. 4308; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 477, 1875, p. 183 : Bhfth $ Wald. B. Bunn. p. 140. no. 484. 1. ORIOLUS. 199 Adult General colour pale greenish yellow, the head brighter yellow, the lores and feathers round the eye black, encircling the nape in a circular hand; wing-coverts coloured like the back, but edged with brighter yellow; primary-coverts black, with the terminal half yellow, forming a large alar speculum; quills black, broadly tipped wit h yellow, the secondaries externally margined with bright yellow, the primaries with greyish; the innermost secondaries olive-yellow, broadly tipped with yellow, the inner web only blackish; middle tail-feathers black, tipped with yellow, all the other feathers bright yellow with black bases, the latter decreasing in size towards the outermost; " bill pale pink, inside of mouth fleshy; legs plumbeous ; iris crimson; eyelids grey " (Oates). Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 5*35, tail 3-5, tarsus 1. Young. Differs from the adult, as do the young birds of the allied species. Much duller in plumage than the adult, and whitish below, with black shaft-streaks. Head of Oriolus tenuirostris. Hab. Burmah. and Pegu. a, b. Ad. sk. Moulmein. "W. T. Blanford, Esq_. [P. c. Juv. sk. Thayet-niyo, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P. 7. Oriolus maculatus*. Oriolus maculatus, Vieill. N. Diet, xviii. p. 194. Oriolus galbula, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 152 {nee Linn.). Oriolus chinensis, Raffl. t. e. p. 303 (nee LinnX Oriolus coronatus, Sioains. An. in Menag. p. 342; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 232: JBlyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 48 \ id. Cat. B. Mm. A. & B. App. p. xxiii. Oriolus hippocrepis, Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 271; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 292 j Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 457. Oriolus horsfieldi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 348. Adult male. General colour above and below bright yellow; crown of head bright yellow, the lores and a band passing above and below the eye an d encircling the nape black; least wing-coverts * Vieillot states vhat bis 0. maculatus is from Java; and his description suits the bird from tbat island. As the name of 0. kundoo is admitted, although founded on the young bird, so I consider Vieillot's name must be restored. That of 0. hippocrepis, Wagler, Syst. Av. Oriolus, sp. 5, cannot be identified, the description suiting several species equally well. 200 OKIOLHXSE. coloured like the back, the greater series bright yellow, not quite so intense as the back, the inner webs of the feathers black; primary- coverts black, broadly tipped with yellow, forming an alar spec alum; quills black, the primaries externally edged and tipped with greyish white, the secondaries margined with yellow, increasing on the innermost to a large yellow spot occupying the end of the outer web and the tip of the inner one also ; two centre tail-feathers black, tipped with bright yellow, the rest of the feathers bright yellow with black bases, the black increasing towards the centre of the tail. Total lotigth 10*5 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 5-55, tail 4, tarsus 0*95. Young. Much duller in colour than the adult and shaded with greenish, the wing-coverts tipped with bright yellow; no distinct black coronal circlet; but the lores dusky greenish, and an indication of a darker colour round the nape; wings brown, the primary- coverts narrowly tipped with yellow; the secondaries externally olivaceous, inclining to brighter yellow on the outer webs, and at the tips; four centre tail-feathers olivaceous, slightly tipped with yellow, the remainder blackish, inclining to olivaceous more or less near the base, with a large yellow triangular spot at the tip of each feather, increasing in size towards the outermost; general colour underneath bright yellow, more or less white on the breast, the feathers of which are mesially streaked with black. ffab. Java, Sumatra, Bali, Bangka, Borneo. a. <$ ad. sk. h. Ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. d. Ad. sk. W. Java, 1861. W. Java, 1863. E. Java, 1861. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C/ A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0/ A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0/ Purchased. e. Ad. sk. /. c? juv. sk. g. Ad. sk. h. Skeleton. Bali, 1856. Sumatra, 1861. Borneo. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.J. Hugh Low, Esq. [U.J. Purchased. 8. Oriolus andamanensis. Oriolus horsfieldi, Blyth in Mouatfs Andaman Is. p. 352 (nee Swains.). Oriolus andamanensis, Tytler fy Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 326; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 292. no. 4311 : Ball, Sir. F. 1873, p. 72: Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 227. Broderipus andamanensis, Waldm, Ibis, 1873, p. 305. Adult male. General colour above and below "brilliant yellow; crown of head yellow, like the back, from which it is separated by a horseshoe band of black, drawn from the lores, enclosing the eye and passing round the nape; wing-coverts yellow like the back, the greater series black on the inner web; rest of the wings black, with only a faint terminal edging of yellow to the quills, forming a little larger spot on the inner secondaries; primary-coverts black, tipped with yellow, but not very broadly; centre tail-feathers black, tipped with yellow and slightly washed with olivaceous near the base, all the other feathers black at base, these black bases decreasing in 1. OH TOUTS. 201 extent towards the outer tail-feathers; " bill carneous, or delicate pink; legs and foot plumbeous, sometimes tinned with green, ihe soles dirty grey; iris carmine, the eyelids' brownish red" (Uume). Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 5*3, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*95. Adult female, Has the yollow everywhere less bright, and nearly the whole mantle suffused with a dusky greenish shade; the portions of the wings and tail, but especially of the former, which aro black or almost black in the male, are in the female much more decidedly brown ; the whitish edgings of the third to the fifth primaries are much larger, longer, and more conspicuous than in the male, and in some specimens extend to the second and the sixth also. The outer webs of the secondaries and tertiaries, and some of the later primaries, are more or less broadly tinged with dull olive- yellow, the amount varying greatly in different specimens. The basal portions of the central tail-feathers similarly but more strongly suffused. Young. Duller than the adult, olive-yellow with a greenish tinge, many of the feathers with pale yellow tips, especially those of the wing-coverts; wings dark brown, externally washed with olivaceous and tipped narrowly with light yellow, the primaries externally edged with grey ; tail olive-green, with yellow tips to the feathers, becoming broader on the external ones, most of them having a slight subterminal shade of blackish; sides of face greenish yellow; under surface of body white, slightly washed with yellow, all the feathers mesially streaked with black, the throat less perceptibly; sides of body, thighs, and under wing- and tail-coverts bright yellow; "bill almost blackish, in some dingy pink" (Hume). Hah. Andaman Islands. a. $ ad. sk. South Andaman,"Feb. 10, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 1873 ( Wardlaw Ramsay). b. <$ ad, c. juv.sk. Port Blair, S. Andamans, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. July 7,1873 (Wimberlmj). 9. Oriolus bro&eripi Oriolus broderipii, Bp. JP. Z. S.1850, p. 279, pi. xviii.; id. Consp. i. p. 348; Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485; JSchL Mm. P.-B. Ooraces, p. 106; id. Dirent. p. 179, cum fig.; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 173 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 291. no. 4303. Broderinus refulgens, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 538 (1854). Euchlorites broderipi, Heine, J. f. 0.1859, p. 402. Adult male. General colour above and below brilliant golden yellow, deepening^ into orange; forehead golden; crown of head and nape, as well as the lores and feathers round the eye, black; least wing-coverts orange, like the back, the greater series bright yellow, the inner webs of this series black; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills jet-black, the primary-coverts tipped with yellow, forming a speculum, the primaries externally edged with grey, the secondaries narrowly margined with grey near the tips, the innermost more broadly tipped with yellow on the outer web ; tail black, the two centre feathers broadly tipped with yellow, the rest orange- VOL. III. P OKIOLID-E 202 yellow atthe tip, ^^^T^f/ull^r^O^d outer feathers of the tail; "bill pmk; feet W ™ red (»£ lace, MS.). Total length 12 inches, culmen l-o, wing 6 2, tail 4 /, fc™ S Much paler and more yellow ^.^"J* ^ forming a ring round the nape, leaving ^JWjdjJ , whereas in the adult the yellow is confined to a smaU frontal patch the rest of the crown being black; ^g s brownish t^pnmane, externally margined with greyish, the secondaries washed with olive and externally"edged with yellow near the.tap; wo centretal feathers olive-greenish, tipped with yellow the rest of the fathers olive-green at^base, bright yellow at the tap with.a more ork. s subtormmal shade of black; entire under surface of ^J^ t yellow, including the under wing- and tail-coverts; the lower stu face of the quills dark brown, buffy white at the base of the inner web. Hah. Sumbawa, Lombock, Fiores. a, b. 6 ad. 8k. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 d. Vii ad. sk. Lombock A. R. Wallace, E*q. U,X e,f. Ad. sk, Fiores. A. R. TJ• allace, Esq. € 1 I Juv. sk. Fiores. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [G.]. 10. Oriolus macrurus. Oriolus macrourus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. pp. 46, 370; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 216* Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mm. J5.L Co. L p. 270 : Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 292. no. 4306; Ball, Sir. F. 1873, p. 71 j Mime, Sir. F. 1874, p. 228,1875, p. 1S2. Euchlorites macrurus, Heine, J.f.O. 1859, p. 40S. Adult. Above and below bright yellow; forehead yellow, the lores, feathers round tbe eye, and remainder of the head and nape black ; wings black, the wing-coverts yellow, like the back, the greater series black on tbe inner web, tbe primaries externally edged with grey, tbe secondaries with a very narrow yellowish edging near tbe tip, almost imperceptible* primary-coverts tipped with yellow, forming an alar speculum; two centre tail-f eatbers black with a narrow yellow tip, the rest of the tail yellow, the featbers with black bases, the extent of black greater on the inner web; the outer tail-feather almost entirely yellow, with a Tery little black near the base, this colour evidently disappearing altogether, tbe centre feathers slightly olivaceous near the base; " bill earneous; legs and feet plumbeous, claws horny; iris carmine" {Emm). Total length 11 inches, culmen 1-4, wing 5*9, tail 4*7, tarsus 1*1. The young bird bas the bill dull flesby colour; iris dull red- brown. {Hume.) Hah. Mcobar Islands. a. Ad. sk. Nicobar Islands. Secretary of State for India [P.]. (Cf. llorsf. & Moore, Cat i. p. 270. no. 413.) 1 . 0KI0LTJS. 203 11. Oriolus celeTbensis. Broderipus coronatus, Walden, Tr. Z. 8. viii. p. 60 (1874, nee Sw.) Broderipus celebensis, Walden, t. c. p. 112; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 609. Oriolus coronatus, var. celebensis, Briigg. Abhandl. Brum. v. p. 62. Adult male. General colour above and below bright yellow; head yellow, with a "broad black band drawn from the lores above and below the eye and encircling the nape; wing-coverts yellow, like the "back, the greater series with the inner webs black; the remainder of wing black, the primary-coverts slightly tipped with yellow; primaries externally edged with greyish white, the secondaries with yellow, more broadly developed on the latter as they approach the innermost, which have the outer web entirely yellowish; tail-feathers black, yellow at the tips, the black bases increasing gradually in. extent towards the middle of the tail, the two centre feathers olive- greenish, narrowly tipped with yellow, before which is a subterminal spot of black; under surface of body bright yellow, including the under wing- and tail-coverts. Total length 10*8 inches, culmeri 1-15, wing 5-95, tail 4-3, tarsus 0*95. Obs. Lord Tweeddale has examined the specimens collected by- Mr. Wallace; and he considers that they are not in full and complete plumage, but in the intermediate stage which he correctly describes as found in the Javan Oriole. I believe, however, that the Celebes specimens are all adult, and that the black on the centre feathers, instead of increasing, decreases, in fact, with age, and disappears entirely in a very old bird. The black base to the outer feather also disappears with age, leaving it entirely yellow in the fully adult bird. The greenish centre tail-feathers are found in some of the African Orioles; and the blackish subterminal colouring vanishes as the birds grow older. Of. Bruggem. I. c. pp. 62, 63. I may add that the alar speculum varies in size, and is nearly obsolete in some individuals. Hah. Celebes. a, b. Ad. sk. c, d. tfad. sk. e, Jad.sk. / . Ad. sk. Celebes. Macassar, 1857. Macassar, 1857. Menado. J. Gould, Esq. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.1 A. R. Wallace, Esq. '0.1. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.j. 12. Oriolus cMuensis. Le Loriot de la Cochinchine, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 326, pi. 33. fig. 1. Oriolus chinensis, Linn. S, iV". i. p. 160 (ex Briss.); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 232; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 46; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 215; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. EI. Co. i. p. 270; Gray, Kand-l. B. I. p. 292. Le Couliavan de la Cochinchine, Month. PL Enl. 570. Oriolus acrorkynckus, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 97; Gray $ Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 232, pi. 58; Bp. Consp. i. p. 348; ScU. Mus. P.-B." Coraces, p. 104 (pt.); Walden 8f Bayard, Ibis, 1872, p. 101; Bxime, S. F. 1875, p. 132. Oriolus cochinchinensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 348. Broderipus acrorhynchus, Waldm, Tr. Z. S, ix. p. 185. P2 My J 0R10LIDJE. Adult. Above bright golden yellow; lores, feathers round the eyo, hinder crown and nape black, forming a broad horseshoe; Bides of face, nock, and entire under surface of body bright yellow, like the back; wing-coverts bright golden yellow; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, with a spot of yellow at the tip of tho outer web of the inner secondaries, increasing on the inner most, where it occupies nearly the entire outer web; tail black, broadly tipped with bright yellow, this occupying the terminal third of tho'outermost rectrix and gradually decreasing towards the centre of the iail, the two centre feathers being merely tipped with yellow; " bill pink rose-coloured; feet and claws blue-grey " {Meyer). Total length 11*5 Inches, oulmen 1*45, wing 6*2, tail 4*35, tarsus 1*1. Young male. Differs from the adult in being greener on the back, th e quills and tail-feathers brown instead of black; two centre tail- feathers olive greenish, the rest greenish at the base, the tips broadly yellow, with a subterminal blackish shade; head dull yellow, with a horseshoe-mark on the hinder part of the crown dusky black streaked with yellow ; sides of face and under surface of body bright yellow, with a few narrow streaks of black on the chest. Total length 10*2 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 5'6, tail 4*3, tarsus 1. Mob. Philippine Islands. a. Ad. at. Cataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.J. b. Ad. sk. Oataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. fC.J. G. Ad. sk. [Philippine Islands.] Admiral Sir E. Belcher [P.]. d. 2 ad. sk. San Bernardino, Negros, Prof. J. B. Steere [0.]. Jan. 1875. e. cS juv. sk. Dumalon, Mindanao. Prof. J. B. Steere [0.]. 13. Oriolns frontalis. Oriolus frontalis, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 340, pi. xl; Finscli, Keu- Guinea, p. 178 • Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 292. Broderipus frontatus, Walden, Tr. Z. 8. viii. p. 61. A.d%dt male. Above and below brilliant golden orange; head black, with a frontal band of yellow; wing-coverts coloured like th e back; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, with no yellow tips to any of the feathers ; two centre tail-feathers black, with a narrow yellow tip, the rest of the feathers black, yellow at the tip, this colour gradually increasing in extent towards the outer feathers, where it occupies more than the terminal third. Total length 11-8 inches, culmen 1*45, wing 6-8, tail 4*95, tarsus 1*1. Young. Much paler yellow than the adults, and having faint streaks of yellow on the head, the frontal plumes being narrowly- tipped with black; wings brown externally, shaded with olive, the primaries with grey; least wing-coverts bright yellow like the back the greater series brown, externally with a broad margin of yellow • four centre tail-feathers dull olive-yellow, the second pair slightly blackish towards the tips, the rest of the feathers olive-green at base, and tipped with yellow principally on the inner web, the blackish subterminal shade greatly increasing towards the outermost 1, ORIOLUS. 205 feathers; entire under surface of body bright yellow, including the under wmg-and tail-coverts. Bab. Sula Islands. a. <$ ad. sk. Sula Islands, 1801. A. It. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. *, c. <$ ad sk Sula Islands, 1861. A. K^^n^a . [C.l. ci, e. 2 ad. sk. Sula Islands, 1861. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.1. J, g* Juv. sk. Sula Islands, 1861. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. Subsp. a . Oriolus suluensis. Like O.frontatus, but stouter; primary-coverts and quills black, without any yellow tips to the feathers; terminal third of outer tail-feathers yellow. Total length 11%5 inches, culmen 1-45, wing 6-65, tail 4-8, tarsus 1-05. Ilab. Sooloo archipelago. a, h, c. Ad. sk. Si Butu, Sooloo Islands. Hugh Low, Esq. [P.l. d. Juv. sk. Si Butu, Sooloo Islands. Hugh Low, Esq. [P.]. 14. Oriolus formosus. Oriolus acrorhynchus, Schl Mus. P.-B. Coraces, p. 105. Oriolus formosus, Cab. J.f.O. 1872, p. 392; Briiggem. Abhandl. JSrem, v. p. 61. Broderipus formosus, Roioley, Orn. Misc. ii. p. lvi. Adult male. General colour above olive-greenish, the scapulars and wing-coverts being of the same colour, most of the coverts dull blackish at the base and on the inner webs of the greater series; bastard wing and primary-coverts black, the latter slightly shaded with grey at the tips; quills blackibh, the primaries externally washed with grey, inclining to white on the margins of the longest* the secondaries olive-green on the outer web, blackish on the inner* a narrow frontlet of bright golden yellow ; crown of head and nape black, as also the feathers in front of and below the eye and those above the ear-coverts; cheeks, ear-coverts, sides of neck, and a collar round the hinder neck bright golden yellow,- rump and upper tail- coverts bright yellow• tail-feathers bright yellow, with black bases, the latter diminishing towards the outermost, the two centre feathers olive-green, shaded with black near the shaft and towards the end of the feathers, the tips bright yellow ; entire under surface of body bright golden yellow, including the thighs and under wing- and tail-coverts; bill flesh-colour. Total length 12-1 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 6-8, toil 5-2, tarsus 1*15. Adult female. Similar to the male, but a little more green on the back. Wing 6*4 inches, tail 5-2. Young female. Similar to the adult female, but with all the colours much duller; the frontal patch of yellow more extended, the black crown less so, and slightly streaked with yellow; greater wing-coverts somewhat tipped with yellow ; tail olive-greenish, the vellow as in the adult bird, but less bright and only subterminally 200 0BT0L1D2E. shaded with black; underneath bright yellow, lighter on the throat; the chest narrowly streaked with black, the sides of the breast shaded with greenish; bill horn-brown. Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 1*55, wing 6-25, tail 5. Hab. Sanghir Islands. a. <$ ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Darmstadt Museum [E.]. 15. Oriolus flavicinctus. Mimetes flavocinctus, King, Survey Iniertr, Coasts Austr. ii. p. 419. Mimeta flavocincta, Vig. fy Horsf. Tr. Linn. Boo. xv. p. 327 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 346; Gould, Kaindb. B. Austr. i. p. 466; Firisch, Neio Guinea, p. 173; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 385. Oriolus flavocinctus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 232; Gould, B. Austr. iv. pi. 14; SeM. M. P.-B. (Horaces, p. 110; Biggies, Orn. Austr. part xvi.; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 293. Adult male. Above bright olivaceous yellow, the hinder neck, lower rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform, the rest of the upper surface mottled with arrow-shaped centres of black to all the feathers, the head less distinctly streaked with black; scapulars and least wing-coverts resembling the back; rest of the wing- coverts and quills blackish, washed externally with olivaceous, and rather broadly tipped with pale yellow, inclining more or less to white; edge of the wing bright yellow, with black bases to the feathers; primary-coverts black, very broadly tipped with yellow, and forming a speculum; primaries edged with greyish white towards the tips; tail blackish, all the feathers washed with olivaceous green and tipped with yellow, more largely on the inner web, the olive colour increasing more towards the centre feathers, which have very small yellow tips, and are washed with olive-greenish for the entire extent of both their webs; sides of face olive-yellow, the ear-coverts greener and more clingy; under surface of body olive- yellow, brighter on the abdomen and lower tail-coverts; thighs yellow, with black bases to the feathers; under wing-coverts and axillaries greyish brown, edged and tipped with bright yellow, the outermost yellow, with black bases, giving a mottled appearance; " bill dull red; feet lead-colour; iris reddish orange." Total length 11-5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 5-8, tail 4*4, tarsus 1-05. Young. Brown, strongly washed with grey, and slightly tinged with olivaceous here and there, all the feathers indistinctly streaked with brown down the centre, the head thickly streaked with black; lores dull greyish, as also the ear-coverts, the latter streaked with brown and slightly washed with olive; over the eye a few lighter- brown feathers forming a faintly indicated eyebrow; under surface of body white, broadly streaked with brown, the throat much more dingy, tinged with sandy buff, and very thickly streaked with dark brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries light tawny buff, the outermost coverts whitish, with very distinct dark brown bases, giving a mottled appearance; wings above brown, the feathers more or less washed with greyish externally, the coverts distinctly edged with tawny rufous, the primaries externally edged with greyish 1. 0BI0LTTS. 207 white, tho primary-coverts slightly tipped with whitish; tail dull brown, tipped on the imior web with reddish white, all tho feathers washed with grey. Mab. Northern Australia. a. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Oapt Chambers [P. b. Juv. st. Port Essington. Oapt. Chambers [P. e. Juv. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.' d. $ juv. sk. Port Essington (J. Macgillknty). Capt. Stanley [P.]. ' e. S ad. sk. Port Essington (/. Macgilliwdy). Capt. Stanley [P.I. / . Juv. sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.], g. Ad. sk. Cape York. Capt. Stanley [P.]. Siibsp. a. Oriolns viridissimus. Mirneta muelleri, Bp. Clomp, i. p. 340 *j Fimch, Neu Guinea, p. 173. Oriolus muelleri. Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 175; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 293. Miineta viridissima, Heine, J, f. O. 1859, p. 403 (ex Te?nm. MS. in Mm. Lugd.). Adult male. Above dull greenish yellow, nearly uniform on the hinder neck; the head, mantle, scapulars, and back centred with black in spear-shaped spots; least wing-coverts resembling the back, the median and greater series black, broadly margined with greenish yellow, the latter tipped with very pale yellow, forming a band across the wing; primary-coverts black, narrowly margined with greenish yellow, and broadly tipped with pale yellow, almost white; quills blackish, the primaries externally edged with whitish, the secondaries with greenish yellow, and all tipped with yellowish white, more plainly on tho secondaries; tail-feathers blackish on the inner web, washed with olive-green on tho outer one, and tipped with a spot of very pale yellow, larger on tho inner than on the outer web, the two centre tail-feathers greenish, inclining to black down the centre near the shaft; lores greyish; sides of face and neck nearly uniform yellowish green, the latter with narrow black mesial streaks to the feathers; throat dull yellowish green, with tiny shaft-streaks of black; rest of the under surface of the body rather lighter and brighter yellow, especially on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, most of the plumes narrowly streaked with black down the shafts ; under wing-coverts and axillaries yellowish green like the breast, those near the edge of the wing black, tipped with yellow, giving a mottled appearance. Total length 10*6 inches, culmen 1-35, wing 5-95. tail 4*6, tarsus 1'05. Young. Much more mottled above than the adult, the feathers being blackish, with broad margins of yellowish green, the head lighter than the back, and very thickly and broadly streaked with black; feathers encircling the eye and a broad eyebrow bright yellow, narrowly streaked with black; ear-coverts dull olive-green with black streaks; cheeks and under surface of body bright yellow, * Bonapario'a description is totally irrccognizablo, being merely "Minor: specula alari albido." Heine's name must be adopted. ORIOLIUiE. washed with green, especially on the lower throat and sides of the body, all the feathers broadly and distinctly streaked with black, these streaks disappearing on the lower abdomen and Tinder tail- coverts, the black streaks so broad on the malar line as to form an indistinct moustache; wings brown, primaries and outer; wing- coverts blacker, the latter all tipped with pale yellow or whitish as also are the quills and the primary-coverts; primaries externally margined with ashy whitish, the secondaries with very pale yellow; tail as in adult. Hah. Aru Islands. a, b. e ad. ak. Am Islands, 1857. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. c,d. Juv. sk. Aru Islands, 1857. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [_C.j . 16. Oriolus viri&ifuscus. (Plate XI.) Oriolua virescens, Gray, Gen. B. L p. 232 (descr. nulla, ex Tmm. MS.) ; Schl. Mm. P~B. Coraces, p. Ill j Gray, Mand-L B. i. p. 293. Mimeta virescens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 346*. Mimeta viridifusca, Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 405; Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485. Oriolus variegatus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 293. Adult male. General colour above greenish grey, washed with olivaceous yellow on the head and back, the lower back and rump rather paler brown, slightly washed with grey, the upper tail-coverts decidedly greyer; wings brown, the feathers all washed externally with light greyish, the least series washed with olive-yellow like the back, the primary-coverts and secondaries tipped with white, the primaries externally margined with pale rufous; tail-feathers brown, edged with paler and slightly olivaceous brown, tipped with dull whitish, more broadly on the inner web; lores and sides of face ashy grey, the ear-coverts darker brown; throat and breast grey, the latter washed with olivaceous, the lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts creamy brown, slightly tinged with fulvous; under wing-coverts light brown like the belly, those along the edge of the wing dark brown, tipped with greyish. Total length 10 inches, culmenl- 3, wing 5*55, tail 4-6, tarsus 1*05. Female. Above ashy brown, with whity-brown margins to the feathers, causing a streaked appearance to the upper back; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts pale ashy brown, inclining to greyish, especially on the latter; head olivaceous brown, narrowly streaked with black, the hind neck pale fulvous brown, with obsolete streaks of darker brown; over the eye a narrow line of whitish buff, broader on the sides of the head above the ear-coverts, and forming an eyebrow; lores greyish; ear-coverts blackish brown, * This species must bear the name of viridifuscus, inasmuch as Bonaparte's description consists, as in the previous species, of four words. Mr. G-. E« Gray reinstates the name of u variegatus, OUT. ;" but this appears never to have been published, to judge from Dr. Pucheran's remarks (Arch. Mns. d'Hist. N. vii. p. 339), where he observes that the specimens, though stated to be from Timor* do not appear to differ from M, viridis of Australia, 1. OBIOI/US. *>()<) slightly streaked with paler brown; cheeks and malar region blackish, the feathers margined with puffy white, forming a distinct moustachial band running down the sides of the neck; throat white; remainder of under surface pale brown, the under wing-coverts uniform with the breast, the outermost dark brown, with broad fulvous tips; under tail-coverts pale brown, tipped with white ; wings above brown, rather broadly edged with rusty red, the primary-coverts and the secondaries tipped with white; tail olivaceous brown, tipped with pale rufous, larger on the inner web. Total length 12-5 inches, culmen 1-25, wing 5-5, tail 5*1, tarsus 1*05. Young, Similar to the old female, but distinguished by the very "broad rufous edgings to the coverts and feathers of the wing; underneath white, washed with pale brown on the sides of the body, the breast streaked with black, the abdomen with pale brown. Obs. I cannot be quite certain whether I am right in describing the brown birds as being of the same species as the greenish one. In this I am following Schlegel, who has in the Leiden Museum a specimen " dans la livre'e de passage/7 and who ought therefore to be able to judge of the changes of plumage in the species. Gray admits two species; and the specimens collected by Mr. Wallace rather bear out this idea, as the brown birds are both from Scmao, and the full-plum aged greenish bird from East Timor. The brown birds, however, are both ascertained females by dissection; so that they may represent the adult hen of the greenish bird, the young one * differing as described above. Hal. Timor group of islands. a. Juv. sk. Timor. Massena Collection. b. Ad. sk. Timor. Leiden Museum [E.1 c. Juv. St. Timor. Leiden Museum [E.I. d, e. 2 &d. sk. Semao Island. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C.1 /. <$ ad. sk. E. Timor. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C.j. 17. Oriolus forsteni Mimeta forsteni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 346; Heine, J.f. 0. 1859, p. 404; Fimch, Neu-Guinea, p. 173. Oriolus forsteni, Schl Mus. R-B. Coraces, p. 112; Gray, Hand4. B, i. p. 293. Adult. Above brown washed with olive, the feathers being obscurely edged with this colour, the hind neck decidedly browner; head dull olive-yellow, all the feathers mesially streaked with blackish; lores dull grey; round the eye a bare space, larger behind it; ear-coverts dark brown; sides of neck grey; under surface of body dull yellow, with brighter yellow margins to the feathers of the breast, the throat much duller and more greenish, with indications of dusky shaft-streaks; lower breast and abdomen ashy grey, with yellowish margins to the feathers, especially distinct on the under" tail-coverts; under wing-coverts resembling the breast; wings above brown, edged with olive-yellow like the back, the greater coverts and quills brighter, and edged on tho outer web with OElOLIDiE. 210 dull golden yellow; tail brownish, externally washed with olive- yellow, the inner webs slightly tipped with whitish. Total length 12*4 inches, culmen 1-4, wing 5-85, tail 5*3, tarsus 1*2. Eab. Coram. a. Ad. sk. Ceram, 1859. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 18. Oriolus striata. Oriolus striatus, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstrol Zool. L p. 195, pL ix. ficr. 2 : Gray, Gen. B. L p. 232 • Schl M. R-B. Coraces, p. 113 ; Gray, Eand-l B. i. p. 293. Mimeta melanotis, Bp. Comp. i. p. 346 (nee Miilh MS.). Mimeta striata, Scl. Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 159; Fimeh, Neu- Guinea, p. 173 j Meyer, SB. Mad. Wirn, lxx. p. 218,* Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. pp. 779, 828. Adult male. General colour above brown, streaked with black down the centre of the feathers of the hind neck and mantle; the dorsal plumes washed with greyish; head dull greyish, all the feathers broadly streaked with black, these streaks narrower on the nape and hinder neck, which are pale greyish ; lores and an indistinct eyebrow dull greyish, narrowly streaked with black; sides of face and throat light greyish, thickly streaked with black, the ear- coverts darker than the sides of the face, the black streaks much thicker on the malar line and sides of the neck, the latter appearing to have a large triangular black patch; rest of under surface of body light ashy brown, streaked with darker brown down the centres of the feathers, these streaks becoming narrower on the abdomen and disappearing on the under tail-coverts, which are tipped with whitish; under wing-coverts and axillaries light reddish brown, the outermost dark brown, margined and tipped with light fulvous brown; wings above dark brown, all the feathers edged with paler brown, some of the least wing-coverts with greyish; tail-feathers dark brown, narrowly edged with paler brown and tipped with light fulvous on the inner web; "eyes dark brown" (Wallace). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 5*75, tail 4*95, tarsus 1. Female. Similar to the male. Total length 12*3 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 5*55, tail 5-2, tarsus 1*05. Young. Similar to the adult, but more dingj^ especially on the head, the breast more broadly and distinctly streaked with black, and having the wing-coverts and quills edged with rusty rufous. Eab. New Guinea, Salwatti, Mysol, and Waigiou. a. Juv. sk. New Gfuinea. Zoological Society. b. 6 juv. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. fCLl c. d. c? ad. sk. Dorey, N. G. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 e Ad. sk. Port Moresby, N. G. Rev. S. M'Farlane JG.l. / . d ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. ff. 6 ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace Esq. [0 j . 1 . OBIOLTTS. 211 19. (Molus "bouruensis. Philedon bouruensis, Quoy et Gaim. Yoy. de PAstr, Zool I p. 102, pi. o. ng. 2. r 7 Tropidorhynchus bouruensis, 3p. Consp. i. p. 390. 6nSiS; Wdl P*Z S' 1863; P' 26j Mmch ^3-> ^Guinea, Onolus buruensis, Schl. Mm. Pt-B. Coraces, p. 113. Adult male. General colour above earthy brown, without any shade of olive-green or yellow; head lighter than the back, the leathers centred with darker brown, giving a striped appearance, especially on the forehead, where the plumes are edged with buffy whitish • over the eye a narrow line of whity-brown feathers, getting broader on the sides of the head, whence it encircles the nape, separating the crown from the hinder neck, which is darker brown than the rest of the back; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear- coverts very dark brown, contrasting with the sides of the neck, which are whity brown, here and there spotted with darker brown; cheeks and throat dull whitish, streaked with black, more thickly on the malar line and sides of the throat; rest of the under surface of the body ashy brown, the fore neck whity brown, like the throat; under wing- and tail-coverts slightly rufescent, especially the former; wings above dark brown, the coverts and the primaries narrowly edged with pale rufous, the secondaries almost imperceptibly tipped with whitish; tail-feathers dark brown, the margins rather lighter, tipped with very pale rufous, the terminal spots larger on the inner web. Total length 12-6 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 5-75, tail 5-1, tarsus 1-1. Young. Similar to the adult, but with broader rufous margins to the wing-coverts; the head more obscurely brown, and not so distinctly striped as in the adult. Bab. Bouru. a. S ad. sk. Bourn A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [C.l. h, e. Juv, sk. Bouru. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.j. 20. Oriolns p&aeochromus. Oriolus ph&ochromus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351; Sc?il 31. P.~B. Coraces, p. 114* Gray, Rand-l. B. i. p. 293. Mimeta phsenochroma, Mnsch, Neii-Guinea, p. 173. Mimeta phseoehronia, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 31. Adult (type of species). General colour above and below brown, with more or less concealed whitish shafts to the feathers of the mantle; wings and tail rather lighter than the back, with pale fulvous- brown shafts, the primaries rufous at the base of the inner web; on the throat and fore neck a decided shade of grey; bill black; legs blackish in skin. Total length 10*2 inches, culmon 1*15, wing 5*4, tail 4*2, tarsus 0-95. Bab. Island of Halmahera. 212 OEIOLIDiE* A. R. Wallace, Esq. X.". a. Ad. sk. E. Hahnahera. (Tvpe of species.) A. If. Wallace, Esq. XV. b. Ad. sk. Gilolo. 21. Oriolus viridis* Green Grakle, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 12& Gracula viridis, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl p. xxvm. Striated Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. Supjil ii. p. 122. Coracias sagittata, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl p. xxvi. _ Oriolus vanegatus, Vieill JSr. Diet. dVHist. IS at xvin. p. 190 imc Cuv.). Oriolus'viridis, Vieill. N. Did. xviii. p. 197; Wagl Syd Ai\ Oriolus, sp. 6: CwMi 5. ^^r . iv. pi. 13; Gray, Gen. f« i. p. 232; iSbiW. ifef. P-P. Coraces, p. HO; Jty^es, Or*, ^vtfr. part xvi.; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 293. Philemon sagittatus, Vieill N. Diet, xxviii. p. 430. ^ Mimetes viridis, JKfo^ Survey Intertrop. Coasts Amir. n. p. 419. Mimeta viridis, Pa//. # .Hbraf. TV*. Z*MW. &*. xv. p. 32«>; Jiwtf. «|" Selhy, III. Orn. ii. pi. 61; Bp. Consp. I p. 340; Cab. Mm. Hat*. Th. i. p. 211; Gould, Handb. B. Atcstr. i. p. 402. Mimeta meruloides, Vig. fy Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 327; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 232, Adult. Dull olive-yellowish above, tlie feathers with indistinct shaft-streaks of blackish, and somewhat of a greyish shade on the edges of many of them; lores dull greyish ; sides of face dull olivaceous; -wings brown, all the feathers externally washed with . grey, the lesser wing-eoverts olive-yellowish, duller than the back, the greater series, the primary-coverts, and secondaries narrowly tipped with white, the primaries externally edged with this colour also; tail brown, washed with grey, especially the two centre feathers, all the others tipped largely with white on the inner web, more minutely on the outer one; under surface of body white, all the feathers broadly streaked with black, these streaks being less pronounced on the centre of the abdomen and absent on the nnder tail-coverts; throat dull olivaceous, the fore neck greyish, with narrow black mesial streaks; breast and sides of body washed with olive-yellow; bill dull fleshy red; feet lead-colour; iris scarlet. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 5*95, tail 4*5, tarsus 1. Ohs. " The sexes, when fully adult, differ so little in colour that they can scarcely be distinguished; the male, however, is of a more uniform tint about the head, neck, and throat, and has the yellowish olive of the upper surface of a deeper tint than the female."*< Gouhh I Young. Browner than the adult, slightly washed with olivaceous above, the feathers mesially streaked with blackish, more closely and numerously on the crown; over the eye an indistinct hairy •white eyebrow, streaked with dark brown;"sides of face and ear- coverts uniform dull brownish; fore part of cheeks and under surface of body white, broadly streaked with blackish brown, these streaks much narrower on the abdomen and absent on the under tail-coverts ; wings brown, the primaries externally washed with greyish, the wing-coverts and secondaries rather broadly margined 1. ORIOLUS. 213 with pale rufous; tail greyish brown, tipped with white, much more largely on the inner web; under wing-coverts sandy buff, the outermost with black bases, giving a mottled appearance to the od*>e of the wing; bill blackish brown. Eab. Australia. a. Ad. sk. Australia. b. Ad. sk Australia. Capt. King [P.]. c.JuY.sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. (Type , ~ , , _., of M, meruloides.) d. 9. ad. sk. Claremont Isles, N.E. Aus- Capt. Stanley [P.l. tralia^ Sept. 4, 1848 (J. Macgillivray). *\/. Ad.sk Queensland. Purchased. 22. Oriolus steerii. (Plate X.) Adult. General colour olive-yellow, darker on the head and rather brighter towards the lower back and rump; wing-coverts oliyeyellow like ^ the back, the greater series dark grey, externally olive- yellow; quills blackish, externally washed with grey, the secondaries with olive-yellow, the innermost being entirely of this colour; two centre tail-feathers olive-yellow, with an indistinct spot of black near the tip ; rest of the tail-feathers jet-black, yellow towards the base of the inner web, and having a large spot of yellow near the tip of the inner web, these spots smaller towards the centre of the tail, the outer webs also olivaceous at their tips; ear-coverts dull yellowish olive; lores, cheeks, throat, and entire breast uniform bluish grey; rest of under" surface of body white, very broadly- streaked with black; under tail-coverts bright yellow, with dusky basal streaks; under wing-coverts grey like the breast, the outermost with olivaceous edgings ; bill red. Total length 9 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 4*75, tail 3*35, tarsus 0*9. Eab. Philippine Islands : rJegros and Basilan. ti.Ad.sk. Negros. Dr. J. B. Steere [0.]. (One of the typical specimens.) 23. Oriolus xauthonotus. Oriolus xanthonotus, Horsf, Tr. Linn. 8oc. xiii. p. 153; Temm. PL Col 214; BCorsf. Zool. Research, in Java, Birds, pi. 12; WagL Si/st Av. Oriolus, sp. 9; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 232; Myth, J. A. %S. B. xv. p. 49; id. Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 346; Horsf. § Moore, Cat B. Mus. B.L Co. i. p. 268; Pelz. Beis. Novara, Toy. pp. 75, 151; Schl Mm. P.-B. Coraces, p. 109; Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 293 ; Sahad. Ucc. Bom. p. 277. Oriolus leucogaster, Temm. PI Col. 214 (texte, ex Beinw. MS.). Oriolus castanopterus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 796; Gray, Gen. B. L p. 232. Xanthonotus leucogaster, Bp. C. It. xxxviii. p. 538. Adult male. Above from the nape to the upper tail-coverts bright yellow; scapulars blackish, externally yellow; wings entirely black excepting the least wing-coverts, which are bright yellow like the ORIOUPoE. 214 back, some few of the secondaries exhibiting narrow yellowish tips, and some of the primaries with a narrow edging of whitish on the outer web; tail black, tipped with yellow, this latter colour principally confined to the inner web and increasing in size towards the outer feathers of the tail; head and neck all round, as well as the fore neck, black; rest of under surface white, with a yellow tinge on the chest near the black gorget; all the breast and abdomen with distinct mesial streaks of black; under tail-coverts bright yellow ; thighs greyish black, with yellow tips to the feathers; under wing- coverts black, with distinct yellow edgings to the feathers near the bend of the wing. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4*3o, tail 3-1, tarsus 0-75. m . Ohs. Eemains of immaturity are seen in some specimens m the shape of black edgings to the feathers of the back, the upper tail- coverts also being centred with black. Adult female. Above dull olive-yellow, greener on the head; the rump and upper tail-coverts much brighter yellow; wing-coverts dull olive-yellow like the back, the median coverts slightly, the greater ones broadly edged with chestnut near the tips, these rufous edgings faintly indicated on the primary-coverts and on the inner secondaries; quills greyish black, the primaries edged with grey, inclining to white near the tip, the secondaries externally olive- yellow, a little brighter than the back; tail olive-green, all the feathers with a large spot of bright yellow at the tip of the inner web, increasing in extent towards the outer feathers, most of which have a more or less distinct subterminal shade of blackish; round the eye a ring of bright yellow feathers; sides of face greyish brown, washed with green: rest of under surface of body dull white, purer on the abdomen, all the feathers mesially streaked with black, these streaks browner and less distinct on the throat and fore neck, and narrowing considerably on the abdomen; under tail-coverts bright yellow; thighs greyish black, with yellow tips to the feathers; under wing-coverts greyish, washed with olive-yellow, especially bright near the edge of the wing, the lower series greyish, with whitish tips, the lower surface of the quills greyish brown, the inner webs light yellow for the greater part of their extent. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4*1, tail 2*95, tarsus 0*8. Hab< Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Borneo. a. <$ ad. sk. Java (Horsfield). Secretary of State &r India [P.]. (Type of species.) b. <$ ad. sk. Sumatra, 1861. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [HI c. d. d 2 ad. sk. Malacca, 1854. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 6 2 a& sk. Malacca, 1854. W. Harvey, Esq. [P.]. A. 6 ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. A. E. Wallace,Esq. jO.l t,h 6 ad. sk. Borneo. h ™- 6 2 ad. sk. Borneo. Hugh Cuming, Esq. TO. 1. n. £ ad, sk. Bintulu. A. Everett, Esq. [0.1 o. 2 &d. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.]. p. 6 ad. sk. Indian archipelago. F. Nightingale, Eeq.tP.l d • * rown1^ Yotmg male. Head and tibia* blackish brown 5 * ae k *Ld [ scapulars, wings, sides of breast and belly, and axillaris brown throat, breast; and belly white, with long blackish brown spots, rump, vent, and a new feather or two on the breast crimson; tail pale crimson, the two middle feathers entirely washed with brown, the rest only on their outer webs; shafts of feathers black. Lengtn of wing 5-6, tail 4-125. (li. Swinhoe.) _,. . All the Formosan birds, in as mature plumage as f e Hainan adult, have purely crimson tails. In the Formosan bird the _ black disappears; in the Hainan bird it intensifies with age. (M.bwmtioe.) Hab. Hainan. 33. Oriolus trailli. Pastor traillii, Viyws, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 175 j Gould, Cent. B.ttmal. Mts. pi. 35; Sod(/s. J. A. S. B. v. p. 772. . Oriolus trailli, M'Cl'ell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 160; Blyth, J. A. . <§* JZbr«/. ZV. Linn. $oc. xv. p. 21-3 (ww VieilL). . Tr. .... Sphecotheres virescens, /ard # &?%, IU. Orn. n. pi /9 (nee kieill.); Licht. Nbmencl p. 25. . . _ m Sphecotheres australis, Swains, (ubif); Gould, B. Austr. IT. pi. lo; Biggies, Orn. Austr. part 2. . .__ Sphecothera grisea, less. 2> st- Cape York. Capt. Stanley [P.]. c. <$ ad. sk. Cape York, Oct. 7, 1840. Capt. Stanley P. . d. <$ ad. sk. Cape York. Mr. Cockerel! LC.J. e,f. <$ ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased. g. S ad. sk. Albany Island. J. R. Elaey, Esq. [P.". k. Skull. Capt. Stanto [IV. 4. Sphecotheres viridis. Sphecothera viridis, Vidll. N. Diet. d'Hist Nat xxsrii. p. -3, Sphecothera virescens, Vieill et Oud. Gal des Ok. i. p. i&rt, pi. cxlvii. Graucahis viridis, Quoy et Qaim. Voy. de TUranie, Zool. p. 10#, pi. 21. Sphecotheres viridis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2S1; Cab. Mm. Hem. Til. L p. 212 ; Bp. Consp, i p. 345; Wall P. Z. & 1868, p. 485; Fimckf JSTm-Guinea, p. 173; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 201. Oriolus timoriensis, Schl Bfus. P.-B. Ooiaces, p. 116. Adult male. General colour yellowish olive above, the feathers of the upper surface rather more dusky in their centres, those of the mantle and upper back mesially streaked with black ; wings black, all the feathers with greyish black bases and broadly margined with yellowish olive, especially on the secondaries, the primaries narrowly edged with yellow near the base, and with greyish white towards the tip; tail-feathers ashy brown, washed externally with yellow, almost imperceptibly on the two outermost ones; the three outer feathers with a whitish spot at the tips, the others pale brown at the extremities; head and nape black, as also the cheeks and ear- coverts; chin black; throat olive-greenish; rest of under surface olive-yellow, the abdomen yellowish white in the centre; under tail- coverts white, obscurely tipped with yellow; thighs greenish, with grey bases to the feathers; under surface of the wing light grey, with narrow olive-yellow edgings • the quills dark greyish black, with a very pale greyish shade on the inner web; ME and legs greyish black in skin. Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4*85* tail 4, tarsus 09. 2 . SPHECOXHEBES. 22 7 Adult female. General colour above pale brown, with light greyish, edgings to the feathers, the tipper tail-coverts being faintly mar gined with olive-yellow: wings brown, the feathers margined with light greyish white or whity brown, the greater wing-coverts and inner secondaries faintly washed with olive-yellow externally; tail- feathers light brown, externally washed with an olive-yellow shade absent on the outermost, all the feathers tipped with whitish; sides of face dusky pale brown; under surface dull white, the feathers rnesially streaked with brown, not so distinctly on the throat; thighs pale brown, as also the under wing-coverts ; under surface of quills brown, with the inner webs pale brown for the greater par t of their extent; bill pale brownish (in skin), legs blackish. Total length 10*2 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4-8, tail 4*45, tarsus 0-9. Young female. Similar to the old female, but with more distinct olive-yellow margins to the feathers of the upper surface, the under surface being also somewhat washed with yellow; quills dark brown, edged with light olive-yellow, the coverts broadly margined with yellowish buff. Young male. Similar at first to the young female; but afterwards the gradual disappearance of the stripes on the breast and the assumption of the black head is very distinctly indicated. Hah. Timor and Semao. a. Ad. sk. Timor. Massena Collection. b. Ad. sk. Timor. Purchased. c. c? ad., d, e. Imm. sk. Timor. A. R Wallace, Esq. "C. / . [. 84. Trichometopus hottentottus, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 112, Adult. Blue- black, velvet-like and with more or less of a metallic gloss on the back and lower parts; lores and frontal plumes velvety '* R2 DICRURID^. 236 black, with a crest of long hairs springing from the base ot the forehead and falling over the nape; sides efface pnrpbsh black; head and sides of neck ornamented with metallic steel-green feathers, those on the last-named part elongated and somewhat lanceolate; plumes of the throat and chest also with metallic steel-green tips, giving a spangled appearance; nnder tail-coverts glossed with green, as also the edge of the wing, the rest of the nnder wing-coverts being coloured like the breast; upper surface of the wing metallic bronzy green ; the primaries purplish black, as also the greater portion of the secondaries; upper tail-coverts glossy steel-green ; tail- feathers purplish black, steel-green on the outer webs, the centre feathers entirely glossed with the latter colour, the two outer feathers recurved inwards at the tips; bill and legs black; ira reddish brown. Total lengtb 13 inches, culmen 1-55, wing 6-95, tail 6-5, tarsus 1. Young, Dusky blackish, without any of the metallic feathers; wings glossy, but not so bright as in the adults; tail also less glossy than in the adult; under wing-coverts tipped with white. Obs. C. brevirostris, from China, does not seem to me a distinct species, the differences of colour noticed by Br. Cabanis not holding good; the bill is shorter than in Nepal specimens, measuring in a Chinese example before me 1*45 inch, but two specimens from the N.W. Himalayas have it exactly of this length also. Head of Chibia hottentotta. Hub, India, ranging through Assam and Burmah to China. a. Ad. sk. India. Capt. Honeywood [P.]. b, c. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [PAd-g. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P-l h. Juv. sk. Nepal. B, H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. J. i, AcL sk. N. China. Mr. Fortune. k. $ ad. sk. Ningpo, Sept: 27,1875. Shanghai Museum [P.]. 2. Chibia bracteata. Dicrurus balicassius^ Fig. fy Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 211 (nee Linn.). . Dicrurus bracteatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 132; id. B. Austr. fbl. 2 . CHIBIA. 237 n. pi. 82; Qray, Gen. B. i. p. 287; Bp. Consp. i. p. 352; Finsch. JSeu-Guinea, p. 170; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 285; Biggies, Orn. A.ustr. pi. 35. Micassiiis bracteatus, Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 539. Chibia bracteata, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 235. Adult. General colour above black, of a velvety appearance, but with scarcely any metallic gloss, except on the outer scapulars; leathers of the crown tipped with metallic steel-green, the plumes of the rump also washed with greenish, the upper tail-coverts more conspicuously ; wings metallic steel-green, with a slight purplish lustre on the greater series, the primaries black, only washed on the outer web with glossy green ; tail black, glossed with green on the outer webs; lores, sides of face, and chin jet-black; the rest of the under surface black, with a slight greenish gloss, the throat and fore neck with a spot of metallic green at the tip of each feather; under wing- coverts distinctly spotted with white at the tip; bill and feet blackish brown; iris brownish red. Total length 10-8 inches, culmen 1-35, wing 5-8, tail 4-9, tarsus 0-9. Young. Similar to adult, but browner, the tips to the feathers much less distinct. Hab. Northern and North-eastern Australia. a. Ad. sfc. b. Ad. sk. c. Juv. sk. d. $ juv. sk. €. Ad. sk. f,g. Ad. st. A. $ ad. sk. N. Australia. N. Australia. N. Australia. Port Essington. Port Essington. Port Essington. Cape York. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. J. W. E. Bishton, Esq. [P.]. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. Dr. Sibbald [P.]. Capt. Chambers [P.]. Capt. Stanley [P.l t. Ad. sk. Cape York. Capt. Stanley [P.]. 3. Chibia bimaensis. Bicrurus bimaensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 352 {ex Temm. MS. in Mus. Jjugd., descr. nulla) ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 494 (descr. princeps) ; Finsch Neu-Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 288. Head of Chibia bimaensis. Adult. Above velvety black, with a very slight greenish gloss; wings glossy steel-green, the secondaries exactly like the wing- coverts, the primaries black, externally green; crown of head glossy green ; feathers of the neck long and hackle-like, glossy steel-green, and lanceolate in shape; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy green, 238 DICRTTKIDJB. the outer tail-feathers black on the inner web; lores, sides of lace, and nnderparts purplish black, with a slight gloss, the plumes of the lower throat and fore neck tipped with steel-green; flanks silky grey. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 5-4, tail 5*2, tarsus 1-05. Young. Much duller than the adult and with less gloss; underneath greyer, the feathers edged with dull whitish, the under wing- coverts also tipped with white. Hob. Lombock and Flores. a, b. <5 P ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. c. Ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. d. S juv. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. e,f. Ad. sk. Flores. A. R. Wallace, Esq. 4. Chibia atrocaerulea. Dicrurus atrocjeruleus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 354; Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 171; Gray. Kand-l. B. L p. 285; Saivad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 772. Adult male (type of species). General colour above velvety black, with only a very slight purplish gloss; crown of head metallic steel- black ; neck-hackles not very pronounced, and only slightly glossed with metallic purple; wings metallic steel-black, with a purplish gloss on the lesser wing-coverts, the primaries black, with a slight metallic lustre; upper tail-coverts purplish black, with a very slight metallic gloss on the edge of the feathers; tail-feathers black, glossed on the outer web with metallic steel-black, scarcely perceptible on the outermost feather; lores, feathers round the eye, and sides of face deep velvety black, as also the under surface, on which a faint purplish lustre can be traced; the feathers of the lower throat very slightly, the fore neck and chest rather more conspicuously, tipped with dull metallic green; under wing-coverts black, with an indistinct gloss of metallic purple; bill and wings black; iris red. Total length 12*8 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 6*45, tail 6*3, tarsus 1. Hab. Eatchian and Gilolo. a. d ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. (Type of species.) b. Ad. sk. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]- Subsp. a. Chibia carbonaria. Bicwirus carbonarius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 352 (ex Mull. MS. m Mm. Lugd., descr. nulla) ; Gray, Cat. B. J*?. Kew Guinea, p. 83; Finsch. Neu Guinea, p. 1/1; Gray, Kand-l. B. L p. 285; Saimd. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 772. Adult. General colour above velvety black, with a purplish gloss, not very strongly developed, but visible on the neck-hackles and some of the dorsal plumes ; wings metallic steel-black, with a slight greenish cast; quills black, the primaries externally steel- green, the inner secondaries entirely so, like the wing-coverts; 2. CHIBIA. 239 upper tail-coverts and tail black, glossed on the outer webs with metallic steel-colour; crown of head metallic steel-black; lores, feathers round the eye, and side3 of face deep velvety black; under Head of Chibia carbonaria. surface of body black, with a slight purplish gloss, the feathers ot the throat and breast slightly spangled with tips of metallic purple ; bill and legs black ; iris red. Total length 12 inches, culmen 1-25, wing 6, tail 5*55, tarsus 0*95. Hah. Papuan group of islands. a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. E. Wallace Esq ace, ,, Esq. [0.1 b, c. $ ad. sk. Dorey, N. G. ace, ,, Esq. [0.1. A. E. Wallace " d. Ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. 0. C. Stone, ,,, Esq. [Oi New Guinea. e. Ad. sk. Mysol. A. E. Wallace, Esq. / . § ad. sk. Mysol. A. E. Wallace, Esq. g. $ ad.sk. Waigiou. A. E. Wallace, Esq. h. c? ad. sk. Waigiou. A. E. Wallace, Esq. i. Ad. sk. Morty Island. A. E. Wallace, Esq. Subsp. /3. Chibia assimilis. Dicrurus assimilis, Gray, P Z. 8. 1858, pp. 179, 193• id. Cat. B. fyc. New Guinea, p. 33; Finsch, Neu-Guineay p. 171• Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 285. Adult male. Similar to C. carbonaria, and only to be distinguished by its smaller size. Total length 10*4 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 5-3, tail 5, tarsus 09 . Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 10*2 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 5*4, tail 4*9, tarsus 0*9. Hab. Am Islands. Am Islands. A. E. Wallace,%Esq. [0.1. a, b. 6 ad. sk. Am Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. c. $ ad. sk. Subsp. y. Chibia amboinensis. Dicrurus amboinensis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 354 • Finscli, Neu- Guinea, p. 171 • Gh-ay, Hand-l. B. i. p. 285. Adult female (type of species). Similar to C. carbonaria, but dif 240 DICRURID^. fering in its long slender bill and in the more distinct spangles, Head of Chibia amboinensis. especially on the hinder neck, Total length 11*5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 5-5, tail 5-5, tarsns 1. Bab. Ceram and Amboyna. «. J ad. sk. Amboyna. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0 J (Type of species.) A. R. Wallace, Esq. b. Ad. sk. Ceram. E. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. c. Ad. sk. N. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. d. Ad. sk. A. R. Wallace, Esq. e. Juv. sk. N. Ceram. 5. Chibia pectoralis. Dicrurus pectoralis, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 335, 342 • Finseh, Neil-Guinea, p. 170 • Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 2«5. Head of Chibia pectoralis. Adult male (type of species). General colour velvety black, with scarcely any gloss on the back; crown of head and long hackles on the side of \ha neck metallic steel-black, with a purplish shade; wings metallic steel-green, the primaries black externally, washed with a deeper shade of the same; upper tail-coverts and tail black, glossed with metallic steel-green on the outer webs of the feathers ; lores, frontal plumes, and sides of face deep velvety black; on the forehead a few long silky hairs ; rest of under surface of body deep velvety black without any perceptible gloss, the lower throat and breast very distinctly spangled with large tips of deep metallic green to aU the feathers; bill and feet black; iris dark red. Total length 12 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 6*05, tail 5«75, tarsus 1-05 2. CHIBIA. 24 1 Hab. Sula Islands. «• o* ad sk. b. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. of species.) A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. (Type 6. Chibia laemosticta. Dicrurus lamiostictus, Mater, P. Z. S. 1877. Similar to 0. pectoralis, but distinguished by having the throat, as well as the fore neck, spotted. Total longth 11-3 inches, wing 6, tail 4-6, outer feather 5-4. Hab. New Britain. 7. Chibia leucops. Dicrurus leucops, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 478 j Gray, Hand-l. JB. i. p. 285; Wald. Tr. Z. 8. vii. p. 70; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 658 ,• Briiggem. Abhandl. not. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 72. Adult male (type of species). Yery similar to C. pectoralis, but rather larger, with a stouter bill and less metallic brilliancy on the spangles of the breast-feathers ; uiris always milky white" {'Wallace). Total length 12-5 inches, culmen 1-35, wing &2, tail 5*9, tarsus 0-95. Bab. Celebes. a. 6 ad. sk. Tondano, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l. b. <$ ad. sh. Macassar, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 8. Chibia densa. Dicrurus densus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 352 (ex Temm. MS. in Mus. Lugd., descr. nulla) ; Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand-l. JB. i. p. 285. Adult male. Black, with a very decided greenish gloss on the laead and back, the feathers of the head and neck metallic, the plumes on the sides of the latter long and lanceolate in shape, hackle-like, distinctly metallic green; back rather velvety in appearance, with a gloss of steel-green very distinct on the scapulars; tail very much forked, deep black, glossed with steel-green on the outer webs of all the feathers; lores velvety black; ear-coverts and sides of face black, with a very slight wash of green; under surface of body black, slightly washed with greenish, the throat and chest spangled with small spots of metallic steel-green at the tips of the feathers ; sides of the body rather greyish, the bases of the feathers being of this colour; under wing-coverts black, washed with green and tipped with white spots ; bill and feet black ; " iris red" {Wallace, MS.). Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 6, tail 7, tarsus 1*05. Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 5-85, tail 6-8, tarsus 1. Hab. Timor group of islands. a. S ad. sk. Semao Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. rc.1. b,c. $ ad. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. DICRURID.^. 9. Chibia megalornis. Dicrtirus megalornis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 179,193; id. Cat.B. $c. New Guinea, p. 33; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 285. Adult. General colour purplish black, the back being of a velvety appearance, and slightly glossed with metallic steel-black; head and feathers of the neck (the latter hackled) steel-black, with a slight tinge of greenish on the metallic portion of the neck-hackles ; wings metallic steel-green, as also the outer webs of the scapulars, which resemble the secondary quills; primaries black, washed externally with greenish; upper tail-coverts black, glossed with steel- green; tail black, washed with metallic steel-green on the outer webs; lores, feathers round the eye, and sides of face blue-black ; rest of under surface purplish black, the under tail-coverts slightly washed with steel-green ; the feathers of the throat and breast very indistinctly spangled with tips of metallic steel-green ; under wing- coverts black, glossed with steel-green, and all tipped with a white spot; bill and feet black; iris red. Total length 15 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 6*95, tail 7*6, tarsus 1*15. Obs. Yery like C. densa of Timor, but purplish black without the green shade. These differences are apparent, on comparing specimens, on the neck-hackles, wings, and upper tail-coverts, which have an oily green shade in C. densa. Hah. Ke Islands and Goram. a. Ad. sk. b, c. Ad. sk. Ke* Islands. Goram. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.]. species.) A. K. Wallace, Esq. [0.]( Type of 3. CHJSTORHYNCHUS. ^ Chsetorhynchus, Meyer, Sitz. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 493.. C. papuensis. Bill (from above) and profile of head of Chcetorhynchus. Range. Confined to New Guinea. 1. Chaetorhynchus papuensis. (Plate XIII.) Chaetorhynchus papuensis, Meyer, Sitz. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 498. Adult female. General colour black, with a steely gloss, the head more brightly glossed with steel-green, the feathers rounded and somewhat scale-like in appearance; least wing-coverts steel-black. 4 . CHAPTIA. 243 the median, greater, and primary coverts black, narrowly edged with steel-green; quills black, the secondaries margined with steel-green, Tail of Chcetorhynchus papuensis. the innermost glossed with the latter colour; tail black, slightly glossed with steel-green on the edges of the feathers ; sides of face and under surface of body black, the breast glossed with steel reflections ; under wing-coverts greyish black; bill and feet black. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*7 wing 4*2, tail 3*5, tarsus 07 . Hab. Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. a. J ad. sk. Arfak Mountains, July 1873 Dresden Museum [P.] (One (Dr. A. B. Meyer). of the typical specimens.) 4. CHAPTIA. Type Chaptia, Eodgs. Lid. Rev. i. p. 326 (1837) 0. aenea. Prepopterus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844) 0. senea. Entomoletes, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 22 (1874) 0. senea. Range. The whole of India and Burmese countries, ranging throughout the Malayan peninsula ; Sumatra, Borneo, Pormosa. Key to the Species. a. General colour above rather uniform metallic greenish black, the rump inclining to greyish. a'. Smaller: wing not 5 inches cenea, p. 243. V. Much larger : wing 5*15 inches, tail 5-2 braumana, p. 244. b. Entire upper surface spangled with metallic plumes, the rump and upper tail-coverts being similarly metallic to the rest of the back malayensis,^.24A. 1. Chaptia aenea. Le Drongo bronzS, Levaill. Ois. dAfr. iv. p. 76, pi. 176 ; Sundev. Crit. om Levaill. p. 44. Dicrurus aeneus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. ix. p. 586 (ex Levaill.); Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 240. Dicrurus aeratus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 138. Chaptia muscipetoides, Hodgs. Ind. Rev. i. p. 327. Prepopterus aeneus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84. Edolius aeratus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 101. Chaptia aenea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 294; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 200 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 350; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 159: Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 433; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 287; Hume, S. F. 1874, p. 474, 1875, p. 100; id. Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 192; Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 128. Entomoletes aeneus. Sundev. Av. Meth, Tent. p. 22. 5 . B0CIIANGA. 245 Sckter, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 218• Gray, HmuU B. i. p. 287; Salvad. Ucc, Bom. p. 153. Dicrurus picinus, Bp. Consp. I p. 352 (tw Miill MS. i*i Mm. Lugd.); Gray, Iland-L B. i. p. 285; fValdm, B. Burm. p. 128. Cliapiia malayana, Sliarpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 45 (lapm). Adult male. Above brilliant metallic greenish black, continued over the entire back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings resembling the back, the primaries black, washed externally with metallic colour; tail purplish black, the outer webs dull metallic, the two centre feathers entirely so; nasal bristles, lores, and sides of face deep black ; throat and entire breast spangled with metallic green, like the head, the abdomen and flanks greyish black, with only a very slight greenish gloss; under wing-coverts black, washed with purple; under surface of quills black; bill and feet black; iris dark blood-red. Total length 8*3 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 4*5, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*6. Hab. Malayan peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. a. cJ ad. sk. Mount Ophir, Malacca. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. b. Ad. sk. Borneo. c. 2 ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. d. '. § ad. sk. Mungla, Sanda valley, Dr. Anderson in May 22, 1868. c% df. Ad. sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, Esq. fP.l e\ Ad. sk. Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. /'. <$ ad. sk. Bangkok, Siam, May 30, R. B, Sharpe, Esq. [PTj. 1872 (Conrad). /3. B. cathceca. g\ Ad., ti. Juv. sk. China. Capt. Blakiston [C.l. i\ h1. Juv. sk. Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [0.]. y. B* minor. I', 3 imm* sk. Jaffna, Ceylon, Jam 3, Capt. W. Vincent Legge, 1873. RA. [P.]. Suhsp. a. Buchanga assimilis. Corvus afer, Licht. Cat. JRev. JSTat. Hamb. p. 10 (nee LimiJ). f Corvus adsimilis, Bechst., Lath. Allg. Timbers. Vdg. iL p. J562$ id, Kume Uebers. p. 117. ' ' 24 8 DICRTTRIDJ5. Le Drongear, Zevaitt. Ols d'Afr. p. 167 ; Sandev, Crit. om Levaill. p. 42. Dicrurus musicus, VieilL Ar. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xi. p. 58(3; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 287; Bp. Consp. i. p. 35*2; Cab. Mas. Hein. i. p. Ill; Hart!. Orn. IF.-Afr. p. 100; id. J.f. 0. 1801, p. 170; Grill, Z>ol Anteck. p. 33; Lm/ard, B. 8. Afr. p. 154; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 280 : Sharp?, Cat. Afr. B. p. 47; Gumey, in Anderss. B. Bam. L. p. 125; Shelley, Ibi% 1875, p. 75. Muscicapa emarginata, Licht. Verz. Doublett. p. 52. Muscicapa divaricata, Licht. t. c. p. 52. Edolius lugiibris, Henwr. &f Ehrenb. Symb. Phys. Aves, fol. a. pi. viii. fig. 3; Bupp. JST. Wirb. p. 109. Dicrurus canipennis, Swains. B. W. Afr. i. p. 254; Bp. Consp. i. p. 352. Dicrurus ltigubris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 287; Hupp. Si/st. Uebers. p. 61; Bp. Consp. i. p. 352 ; Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 110; Heugl. Si/^t. "Uebers. p. 32; Brehn, Beise Habesch. pp. 215, 319; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 283. Dicrurus divaricatus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 287; Cab. Mas. Ilein. i. p. Ill; Strickl. P. Z. S.' 1850, p. 217; Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mas. B.I. Co. I p. 155; Earth Orn. W.-Afr. p. 100; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 28$; Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 249; Bkmf. Geol. fy Zool. Abyss, p. 344; Finsch # Hartl. Vdg. Ostafr. p. 323; Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p. 47 ; Heugl. Orn. JST. O.-A.fr. pp*. 422, cxii; Antin. 8f Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 77. Dicrurus emarginatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 352. Dicrurus aculeatus, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1851, p. 348. Edolius eiythrophthalmus, Pr. Wurt.; Heugl. J.f.O. 1867, p. 294. Dicrurus fugax, Peters, J. f 0. 1868, p. 132; Cab. hi Von der Deckeris Beise, iii. p. 29. Dicrurus ludwigii, Bianc. Spec. Zool. Mosamb. fasc. xviii. (nee Smith); Finsch 8f Hartl Vdg. Ostafr. p. 156. Dicrurus adsirnilis, Walden,Tr. Z. 8. ix. p. 181. Musicus divaricatus, Boiwier, Cat. Ois. Marche, SfC. p. 18. Adult. General colour glossy black, with a steel-blue shade, more distinct on the secondaries and tail-feathers; quills brown, contrasting with the black of the body, especially underneath, the outer edges only glossed with greenish black; tail black, glossed with steel-green; under surface of body exactly like the upper, but not so glossy on the abdomen and under tail-coverts; no crest on the head, but the frontal feathers full; ear-coverts rather lighter than the head under certain lights, and somewhat of a deep oily greenish black; bill and feet black; iris red. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 5-55, tail 5*1, tarsus 0*9. Obs. The difference between the large South-African Drongo and the smaller one of North-eastern Africa, B. divaricata, is simply one of size, and no other difference exists excepting a rather lighter under surface to the qfuills in the southern bird. This latter character is often approached in northern examples. For measurements of a large series, see Einsch and Hartlaub's ' 7ogel Ostafrika's? (I. c.)} in which work also Lord Tweeddale expresses his opinion that B. adsirnilis is not to be specifically separated from B. divaricata. A comparison of a large series of specimens shows that the Indian B. atra is nothing but a larger race of the African Drongo. BtlCBANOA. 1M9 Hob. The whole of A frica. a. Ad. sk. h. Ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. tf. Ad. at. e. Ad. sk. /. Juv. sk. g. Juv. sk. X, i, k. Ad. sk. J. Ad. sk. m. Ad. sk. n. Ad. sk. o. 5 ad. sk. p. Ad. sk. q, r. Ad. sk. 5. Juy. sk. f, u. Ad. sk. v. Ad. sk. «?, x. Imm. sk. ?/. Imm. sk. s. Ad. sk. a', &\ Ad. sk. r \ Ad. sk. d', e'. Ad. sk. / . Ad. sk. g\ Var. st. V. Ad. sk. t\ $ ad. sk. Jfe'. J imm. sk. I'. $ ad. sk. w', ra\ Ad. sk. o'. Imm. sk. »'. Ad. sk. South Africa. South A frica. South Africa. South Africa. South Africa. South Africa (Schomburgk). Knysna. Near King-williamstown. Port Elizabeth. Natal. Near Rustenburg (T. C, At more). Graham's Town. Victoria Falls, Zambesi. Tete, Zambesi. Otjimbinque, Damara Land, July 26, 18m (C. J. An dersson). Damara Land (Andemon). Benguela. Benguela (Anchieta). River Niger (Baikie). -'River Gambia. River Gambia. River Gambia. Mombas ( Wakefield). N.E. Africa (Kotschij). Abyssinia. White Nile. Near Magen, Senafe" Pass, Feb. 18,1868. Near Magen, Feb. 18,1868. Anseba valley, Aug. 5t 1868. Bogos Land (FslerY Bogos Land (Fsler). Shoa (Harris). J. Gould, Esq. J. Gould, Esq. Sir A. Smith [0.1. F. Campbell, Esq. [P.], R. B. Sharpe, Esq. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. Herbert Treveh au, Esq.[ P. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. T. Ayres, Esq. [0.]. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.]. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. Purchased. Dr. Kirk [0.]. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.]. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. Governor Rendall [0.]. Purchased. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. Dr. Ruppell [0.]. Sir Samuel Baker [P.]. W.T.Blanford,Esq.[G.]. W.T.Blanford,Esq.[*C. W.T.Blanford,Esq.[C, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. R. B, Sharpe, Esq. Secretary of State for India [P.]. 3. Bucliaiiga longicau&ata. Dicrurus macrocercus, Jerd. Madr. Journ, x. p. 240 (nee V.); Blyih, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 46. Dicrurus longicaudatus, a A. Hay,11 Jerd. Mad. Journ. xiii. pt. 2, p. 121; Blyih, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 298; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 202; Bp. Consp. i. p. 351; Horsf. §• Moore, Cat. B. Mm. B.I. Co. i. p. 152; Jerd. B. hid. i. p. 430; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 285; Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 97. Buchanga longicaudata, Wald. Ibis, 1868, p. 316; Beav. t. c. p. 497 Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 438. Buchanga waldeni, Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 497 (nee Scftl). Buchanga longicauda, Hume, 8. F. 1874, p. 474. Adult General colour glossy greenish black, with somewhat of a greyish cast; quills and tail black, externally glossed with the same VOL. in. s 250 DIURUHIDJB. steel-green as the back; sides of face and under surface of body greyish, with a slight bluish gloss on the sides of the neck and chest, the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts dull greyish black; bill and feet black ; iris brownish red. Total length 11*6 inches, culmen 1, wing 5-6, tail 4, outer tail-feathers 6*7, tarsus 0*8. Hah. India and Ceylon. a. <$ ad. sk. Colombo, Ceylon, Jan. Capt. Vincent Legge, R.A. 17,] 872. [P.]. b, c. Ad. sk. Madras. Rev. H. H. Baber [P.]. d. Ad. sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon [P."). e. Ad. sk. Kamptee, C. P. Dr. B. Hinde [P.]. f-k. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.j. I m. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackkouse Pinwill fp.]. n. Ad. sk. Ladakh. Purchased. 4. Buchanga cineracea. Edolius cinej^cenSyJSToa'^ Tr. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 145. Dicrurus leucophseus Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 287 {nee V.) • Bp. Consp. ' i. p. 352- Hortf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mm. B.I. Co. i. p. 155. Dicrurus intermedins, Blijth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 299 • id. Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 203. Dicrurus cinerascens, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 287. Dicrurus cineraceus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 352; Horsf. fy Moore, Cat B. Mm. B.I. Co. i. p. 155. Buchanga wallacii, Walden, Ann. fy Mag. Nat Hist (4) v. p. 220. Buchanga rnouhoti, Walden, Ann. fy Mag. Nat Hist (4) v. p. 220; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 245; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 378. Adult General colour above ashy grey, slightly glossy; wing- coverts uniform with the back, the greater and primary-coverts with a faint subterminal shade of dusky, visible in certain lights; quills blackish, the primaries washed with grey near the base of the outer web; the secondaries externally grey, the innermost entirely of that colour; tail-feathers clear grey, with black shafts, the outer feathers rather more dusky blackish, the grey shade being confined to the inner web; nasal plumes blackish ; lores and feathers in front of the eye dusky blackish; cheeks and ear-coverts rather more dingy ashy grey, and resembling more the shade of the throat ,* rest of under surface ashy grey, but rather duskier than the back, and only glossed on the breast; under wing-coverts resembling the breast; under tail-coverts rather lighter grey than the abdomen, but in no way whitish. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1, wing 5*05, tail 5-1, tarsus 0*7. Obs. On comparing Lombock specimens (J9. luallacii, Walden) with typical B. cineracea from "West Java, I cannot find any specific differences; nor can I distinguish between B. intermedia and B. cineracea,, judging from the few specimens I have compared. Mr. Hume (8. P. 1875, pp. 98-100) would unite B.pyrrhops and B. intermedia to B. longicaudata, as he has examples of all three forms from Dacca, where " they may be shot together off the same tree." Now although it is possible that at Dacca the ranges of these races 5, BITCHAWU. 251 may coalesce, I agree with Lord Twocddalo that they should not bo specifically united; for I also have never seen a specimen of D. Iongicaudata that could be mistaken for B.pyrrhops or B. e'memcea (cj\ Walden, B. Bum. p. 131); the grey in the tail of the latter is"a very good character, and easily recognizable. B. pyrrhops is nothing more than a largo race of B. ci>ieraeea. The measurements of Mr. Blanford's Pegu skin are as follows:—Total length 9*6 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 5-2, tail 5-5, tarsus 0*75. Hub. Java; Lombock; Pegu and Burmah. a, b. Ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. c, d. S ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. e. 9. ad. ak. Ampanam A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. f. Ad. ak. Pegu. W. T. Blanlord, Esq. [P.]. Bubsp. a. Buchanga pyrrhops. Dierurus pyrrhops, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 14. Dierurus cmtsrascens, Gray, Cat. Mamm.fyc. Nepal colL Hodgs. p. 98. Buchanga pyrrhops, Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p, 120 j Hume, S, F. 1875, p. 98; M B. Burm. p. 131. Adult. General colour above ashy grey, with a light steel-blue lustre, rather lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing- coverts and scapularies more dusky, and glossed with darker steel- blue ; quills dusky brown, glossed externally with a faint shade of the same steel-blue; tail greyish, lighter on the central feathers, and becoming more dusky on the outer ones, especially towards the tips, which are brownish; nasal plumes and lores dusky black, the latter slightly varied with greyish tips to the feathers ; sides of face and entire under surface of body ashy grey, including the under wing- and tail-coverts, the breast slightly glossed with a dull metallic blue shade; bill and legs black; iris red. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 5*6, tail 4-8, to tip of outer feather 6'5, tarsus 0-8, Hab. Himalayas, ranging to Dacca. a, b. Ad, sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.. [P.]. c. Ad. sk N. W, Himalayas. Cap! Stackhonse Pmwill [P,], 5. Buchanga leucogenys. Dierurus cineraceus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 299; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 203. Dierurus leucopbaus, Swtnh. JP. Z. $, 1868, p. 285 (nee Vieill.); Hume, S.^F 1874, p. 210, 1875, p. 99. Buchanga leucomM&lJE^^'i Ann. $• Mag. Nat Mist. (4) v. p. 219 j Swinh. P.Z.Xl870Tpr346; id. B.Z.S. 1871, p. 878; Hume, S. F 1875, p. 321. Dierurus leucogenys, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 285, Dierurus leucophseus, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 285. Buchanga cinerascens, Hume, S. F. 1875, p. 321. Adult General colour above clear ashy grey, including the wings, the quills being blackish, washed externally with the same grey as s2 252 DICRURIDJE, the back, the primaries only near the base ; upper tail-coverts and tail rather lighter grey than the back, gradually inclining to blackish at the tips and on the outermost feathers; nasal bristles black; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts pure white; cheeks and under surface of body light pearly grey, shading off into pure white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts light grey, with whitish edgings; bill and legs black; iris red. Total length 10*2 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 5*4, tail 4*5, to tip of outer feather 5-6, tarsus 0*7. Hal. Malacca, ranging through the Indo-Chinese region to China •and Japan. a. Ad. sk. b. Imm. sk. c. Ad. sk. d. e. Ad. sk. /. Ad. sk. [Malacca.] Malacca. Penang. Tenasserim. Foochow, June 1,1875. Purchased. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. Purchased. J. C. D. Packrnan,Esq. [P.]. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.J. 6. Buchanga cseralescens. The Fork-tailed Indian Butcher-bird, Edwards, B. ii. p. 56, pi. 56. La Pie-Grieche a queue fourchue de Bengale, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 189. Lanius cseruleseens, Linn. S. N. i. p. 134; Gm. S. N. i. p, 297. Lanius cseruleus, Mull S. N. Suppl. p. 72. Le Fingah, Buff. IT. N. Ois. i. p. 108. Lanius fingah, Shaw, Gen. Zoot. vii. p. 291. Dicrurus caerulesceus, Vieill. N. Diet. d?Hist. Nat. ix. p. 587; Jerd. Madr. Jour. x. p. 239; Blyfh, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 47; id. J.A.S.B. xv. p. 298; Gray, Gen. B. L p. 286; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 203; Bp. Consp. I p. 351 j Horsf. # Moore, Cat. B. Mm. B.I, Co. I p. 154: Jerd. B. Ind. I p. 432: Ball & F. 1874, p. 403. Drongo cseruleseens, Tiehell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 573. Dicrurus fingah, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84. Dicrurus cseruleus, Cass. JPr. Fhilad. Acad. 1864, p. 238; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 285. Adult. General colour above slaty grey, with a slight metallic gloss of steel blue, more apparent on the head, which is rather darker than the back; rump and upper tail-coverts clearer grey than the back; wings deep ashy brown, the coverts all glossed with the same slightly metallic steel-blue as the back; quills glossed only on the outer web, and dusky at tips; the inner secondaries entirely glossy; tail ashy brown, only very faintly glossed with steel-blue, the feathers rather more dusky towards their tips; lores and frontal plumes blackish; sides of face, throat, and chest ashy brown, glossed with steel-blue on the sides of the neck and sides of the upper breast; rest of the under surface, from the breast downwards, and including the under tail-coverts, white, the flanks somewhat washed with greyish; thighs glossy black; under wing-coverts deep ashy brown like the breast, with a slight metallic gloss; bill and legs black; iris lake-red. Total length 9*6 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 5-05, tail 3*65, to tip of outer feather 5, tarsus 0*8. Eab. India. 5. BUCHANGA. 253 a. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. IL Hodgson, Esq. IP.]. b. Ad. sk. Behar. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. c. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Oapt. Stackhouse Pinwill [V.]. d. Ad. sk. Qondul, Katiawar, Nov, Major J. Hayes Lloyd [P.J, 2o, 1871. Subsp. ct. Buchanga insularis. Buchanga caerulescens, JEColdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 439 (nee £.). ^Lc^wZi maZe. Similar to B. ccerulescens, but much smaller and darker, especially on the throat and chest, which are slaty brown with a distinct gloss of steel-blue; " bill and legs black, the edges of the scales on the latter greyish ; iris reddish brown" (Legge, MS.). Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 4-6, tail 3-7/to tip of outer feather 4*5, tarsus 0*75. Bab, The whole of the east of Ceylon and central province, eastern district (Legge, MS.). a, (J ad. Ceylon, Sept. 20, 1875. Capt "W. Vincent Legge, B.A. [P.]. b, c. Ad. Uva district. Mr. E. Boate [0.1. d. Juv. sk. Uva district. Mr. E. Boate [O.J. 7. Buchanga leucopygialis. Dicrurus leucopvgiaHs, JBlyth, J. A. S, B. xv. p. 298• id. Cat. B. Mus. A, S. B. p. 203. Buchanga leucopygialis, Boldsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 439. Very similar to B. insularis, if, indeed, really separable, the only differences being that the entire abdomen is brownish, only slightly mixed with white, the under tail-coverts being white: this gives a darker appearance to the bird underneath. " Bill and feet black, iris brown" (Legge, MS.). Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 4-7, tail 3*5, to tip of outer feather 4*5, tarsus 0*7. Hab. Ceylon. a. S ad. sk. Ceylon, Jan. 26,1872. Capt. W. Vincent Legge, E.A. [P.]. 8. Buchanga waldeni Dicrurus waldeni, Schl N. T. D. 1865, p. 86; id. P. Z. & 1866, p. 423; id. ty Boll Faun. Madag. p. 80, pi. 23 j Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 286. Adult. Above and below glossy greenish black, deeper black on the lores and sides of the face; quills and tail black, externally glossed with green; bill and feet black; iris brown. Total length 12*6 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 5*6, tail 4*9, outer tail-feathers 7*6, tarsus 1 -05. (Mus. Marquis of Tweeddale.) 254 DICKITKLDJE. 6. EDOLIUS. Type. Edolius, Cuvier, Regn. Anim. i. p. 365 (1820) E. forficatus. Range. Confined to Madagascar. 1. E&olius forficatus. Le Grand Gobe-moucke noir hupe de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. ii. p, 388, pi. xxxvii. fig. 4. Gobe-moucke hupe* de Madagascar, Buff. PL Fid. 189. Lanius forficatus, Limi. 8. N. i. p. 134. Eork-tailed Crested Shrike, Lath. Gen. Sijn. i. p. 158. Muscicapa galatea, Bodd. Tall. PL Fnl p. 11. Le Drongo, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. pi. 166; Sundev. Crit. om Levaill. p. 43. Dicrurus lopkorhimis, Vieill. N. Diet. ix. p. 587,-Gray, Gen. B. . p. 286. Dicrurus cristatus, Vieill. N. Diet. ix. p. 587, pi. D. 3. fig. 2; id. et Oud. Gal. Ois. i. p. 228, pi. cxli. Edolius forficatus, Cuvier, Megne Anim. i. p. 365. Dicrurus forficatus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. part 2, p. 138* Gray, Gen, B. i. p. 286; Bp. Consp. i. p. 351* Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 40 Roch 8f E. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 274 * F. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 348 Sol. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 163; A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 834; Schl P. Z. S. 1806, p. 423 • Grand. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 386 Schl. # Pollen, Faun. Madag. Ois. p. 79; Gray, Hand-l. B. i p. 286; 8karpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 390; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 47 no. 842. Adult. Black, everywhere glossed with steel- or bine-black; quills and tail black, glossed on the outer web with greenish steel-black; lores glossy black ; on the forehead a very large erect crest, composed of glossy black feathers 1*45 inch long* under surface of body glossy steel-black, rather duller on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; bill and legs black. Total length 10*8 inches, culmen 1, wing 5*35, tail 5-55, tarsus 0*9. Hab. Madagascar, and Johanna Island in the Comoro group. a, b. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Purchased. c. Ad. sk. Madagascar. . J. Caldwell, Esq. [P.]. d. Ad. sk. Mohambo. E. Gerrard, Esq. [C.]. e. Ad. sk. Nossi Vola (Crossley). E. JB. Sharpe, Esq. 7. DISSEMUEOIDES. Type. Dissemuroides, Hume, 8. F. 1873, p. 408 D. dicruriformis. Range. Ceylon; Andaman Islands and Nicobars. Key to the Species. a. Larger; forehead with a few hairy bristles .. \ ™dam?™™is, p. 255. I dicruriformis, p. 255. b. Smaller j frontal crest composed of plumes, not hairfa edoliiformis, p. 25C. 7. DISSEMTTEOIDES. 255 1. Bissemuroides audamanensis. Bierurus andamanensis, Tytler % Beawn, Ibis, 1867, p. 322 : Gray, •tfuclianga (Bierurus) andamanensis, jfo#, 8. F 1873, p. 66. iJissemuroides andamanensis, Hume, 8. F. 1874, p. 211. Adult male. General colour black, with a slight purplish gloss on the back; wings glossed with metallic steel-green, as also the secondaries ; quills brown, with reddish brown shafts, and slightly glossed with greenish at the base of the outer web; tail black, with a steel-green gloss on the outer webs; lores, sides of face, and under surface deep black, with a slight purplish gloss on the breast; under wing-coverts like the breast, but tipped with white. " Bill and legs black; iris hair-brown, sometimes very deep and almost blackish. Total length 11*25-12*0, wing 5-0-5-25, tail 7-0-8-25, bill from gape 1-2-1-35, tarsus 0-8-0-9 " (Hume). Adult female. Eather smaller than the male (Hume). Obs. The single skin which we possess in the Museum is in bad condition and moulting; but the metallic gloss both on the upper and under surface seems to me more purple and less of a greenish cast than D. dicruriformis. Mr. Hume, who had a large series, docs not notice this difference, which perhaps may not be observable when a quantity of specimens are examined. Sub. Andaman Islands. a. $ act Port Blair, South Andamans, R B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. June 23,1873 (Wimberley). Subsp. #. Dissemuroides dicruriformis. Bissemuroides dicruriformis, Hume, S. F. 1873, p. 408; id. S. F. 1874, p. 211. Adult female. General colour above black, with a greenish gloss deepening to steel-green on the head and neck; wing-coverts uniform with the back, as also the inner secondaries; primaries brown, with reddish brown shafts, slightly glossed with greenish near^ the base of the outer web, and inclining to dusky brown at tips; tail deep black, with a steel-green gloss on the outer webs; lores and sides of face deep black; under surface of body black, with a slight gloss of steel-green on the feathers of the lower throat and breast; under wing-coverts black, with a slight metallic gloss, and all tipped with white: bill and feet black; irides dark brown. Total length " 13*25-14-6, wing 5-6-5*9, bill from gape 1*4-1-5, tarsus 0-9-1*0 " (Hume). Obs. Mr. Hume has kindly presented to the Museum an example of this bird ; but as the tail is not fully grown, I have preferred to quote his own comparative measurements. As he claims a specific rank for this bird only on account of its larger size, I am induced to look upon it merely as a race of the ordinary D. andamanensis. Hah. Andamans: Great Coco Island and Table Island. a. J ad. sk. Great Coco Island. A. O. Hume, Esq. [P.]. 250 DIOKUKID-aS. 2. Bissemuroides edoliiformis. Le Drongup, Zevaill. Ois. ffAfr. pi. 173 j Simdev. Or it. om Levaill. p. 43. Dicrurus edoliiformis, Myth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 297 \ id. Cat B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 202 j id. Ibis, 1807, p. 305. Dicrurus lophorhinus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 285 (nee V.*). Dissemums lophorhinus, JEoldsto. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 439. Dissernuroides lophorhinus, Hume, S. F. 1874, p. 408. Adult female. General colour above black, with, a metallic green shade, rather more purplish, on the head and on the neck-hackles : wings metallic steel-green, the inner secondaries also; the rest of the quills black, glossed externally with steel-green, the primaries only at the base; tail-feathers black, glossed with steel-green on the outer webs; forehead crested, the plumes deep black, as also those of the lores and sides of the face ; under surface of body black, glossed with steel-green, uniformly distributed on the abdomen, but rather more metallic on the breast, where it is chiefly confined to the tips of the breast-feathers, producing a slightly spangled appearance ; under wing-coverts black, glossed with metallic green like the breast; " bill and legs black ; iris dull brownish red" (Legge). Total length 12*3, culmen 1*25, wing 5-6, tail 5*2, to tip of outer feather 7*2, tarsus 0*95. Adult male. Similar to the female, but a little larger. Captain Legge says that the wing of a male bird, shot with the female above described, measured 6 inches in length. Hob. Ceylon. u. $ ad. sk. Opate Forests, South Pro- Capt. W. Vincent Legge, vince, Ceylon. KA. [P.]. 8. DICKAETOSTEEPTUS. ^ Dicranostreptus, Reichen.. Syst. Av. pi. lxxxviii. tig. 12 (1850) D. rnegarhynchus. Range. New Ireland; New Guinea (?) f, Ke Islands J. 1. Dicranostreptus rnegarhynchus. Edolius megarhvnehus, Quoy et Gaim. Voy, dJAstrol. Zool. p. 184, J?1.6.§ Dicrurus rnegarhynchus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 28G-, Bp. Consp. i. * Vieillot's name of 2). lophorhinus (N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. ix. p. 587) is generally applied to this species; but the description seems to me to be that of D. forficatus of Madagascar, if, indeed, recognizable at all. t "Very doubtful. The bird is probably confined to New Ireland. t Teste Dr. O JFinsch, ' Neu-G-uinea,' p. 171. § The habitat is given as Dorey, New G-uinea ; but probably this locality is erroneous. The Museum specimens are from Carteret Harbour, New Ireland, a looality visited by the 'Astrolabe' {of. t. c. p. 181). 9 , BHJKINGA. 257 p. 852 j Gray. Cat, B. New Guinea, p. 33 ; Fin&ch, Neu Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand-l JB. i. p. 287. Dicronostreptus mezorhynehus (lapsu), Jerd, B. Lid, i. p, 480, note. Adult. Above blue-black, with a very slight steel gloss on the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; head and sides of neck metallic steel-purple, the feathers on the latter elongated and somewhat lanceolate; frontal plumes, lores, and sides of face dull purplish black; under surface of body dusky purplish black, with faintly indicated tips of glossy green on some of the feathers of the throat and chest; under wing-coverts purplish black like the breast; wings above dull glossy steel-green; quills purplish black, the secondaries externally dull steel-green, not so metallic as the coverts; tail- feathers purplish black, glossed with metallic steel-green on the outer edge of both webs, more distinctly and broadly on the centre ones, the outermost feather elongated and twisted in an inward curl at the tip; bill and feet black. Total length 20*5 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 7, tail 6, outer feather 14, tarsus 1*05, Hob. The same as that of the genus. a. Ad. sk. Carteret Harbour. Oapt. Lambrick, R.N. [P.]. b. Ad. sk. Carteret Harbour. Capt. Lambrick, R.N. [P.], 9. BHRINGA. Type. Bhringa, Hodgson, Ind. Rev, i. p. 325 (1837) B. remifer. Melisseus, Hodgson, in Gratfs Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844).... B. remifer. Range, Himalayas, Burmese provinces; Tenasserim ; Java. 1. Bhringa remifer. Edolius remifer, Temm. PI Col iii. pi. 178; Blyth, J, A. tf. B, xL pp. 169,800. Bhringa tectirostris, Hodgs. Ind. Rev. i. p. 325; Hume, JS'tr. F, 1874, p. 474,1875, p. 101; id. Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 193. Bhringa remifer, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 288; Blyth, J, A. S, B. xv. p. 294 j id. Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 200; Bp. Consp. i. p. 860; Horsf. 8r Moore, Cat. B. Mus. B.l. Co. i. p. 159; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 43*4; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 287; Godw.-Aust J. A, S. B. xxxix. p. 268; Blyih $ Wold. B. JBwm. p. 128. Melisseus remifer, Hodqs. in Grays Zool. Misc. p. 84; Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 111. Adult Black; upper surface of body with a rich steel-green metallic gloss ; forehead,lores, and sides of face purplish black; below, the breast is metallic greenish like the back, the throat also spangled with steel-green tips to the feathers ; abdomen blackish grey, with a slight steel gloss, the under tail-coverts distinctly washed with steel-green; under wing-coverts purplish black, with a few steel reflections near the edge of the wing, some few of the greater series tipped with white; wings above glossy greenish like the back, but a little duller; quills blue-black on the inner web, the secondaries 258 DICRURIDJk. externally glossed like the back, the primaries only narrowly washed with the same on the outer web; tail-feathers blue-blaek, externally washed with steel-green, the two outermost feathers produced into a long shaft, with an elongated black spatnie at the end. Total length 9-6 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 5*25, tail 5-1, outer tail- feathers 17*2, tarsus 0*75. Hab. The same as the genus. a. Ad. sk. Java. Purchased. I. Ad. sk. W. Java. A. K. Wallace, E&q. Q*s c, d, e, f. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.. ¥.\ g. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Escj_. J v h. Ad.sk. Nepal. Purchased. i. Juv. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt Stackhouse Pinwill P^» 10. DISSEItUBITS. T Dissemurus, Gloger, Handb. Katarg. p. 347 (1842; .... J), paradiseus. Range. Indian peninsula, Ceylon, and Andaman Islands; Indo- Chinese countries; Malayan peninsula; Java ; Borneo. 1. Bissemurus paradiseus, Le Ooueou vert hup£ de Siam, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 151, pi. xlw A, f%. L Cuculus paradiseus, Linn. S. N. L p. 172. Paradise Cuckoo, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 529. Malabar Shrike, Lath. Gen. Syn. Stqjpl p. 56, pi. 108; id. G, i. p. 360. 10 . DXSSEMUKTJS. 259 Edolius malabaricus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 351; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p, 437 Edolius paradiseus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 351; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 435. Edolius brachyphorus, Bp. Consp, i. p. 351 (ex Temm. MS. in Mus. Handl' ^^'J'J0711 &ierh p. 479. pi. 2. fig. 4,-Sol P. Z. S. 1863, p. 218. Bissemurus paradiseus, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 112. Bissemurus malabaricus, Cab. t. c. p. 11% note; Holdsxv. P. Z. S. lb/2, p. 439. Bissemurus grandis, Cab. t. c. p. 112, note. Dissemuius brachyphorus, Cab. t. c. p. 112: Saluad. Ucc. Bom. p. 154. Bissemurus formosus, Cab. t. c. p. Ill: Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 539. Disseruurus setifer, Cab. t e. p. 111. Edolius brachyptorus, SchL Handl Dierh. i. p. 287 (lapsa). Bicrurus inalayensis, " Blyth? Je?-d. B. Ind. i. p. 438. Edolius formosus, Jerd. t. c, p. 438. Bicrurus brachyphorus, Pelz. Beis. Novara, Vog. p. 83. Bicrurus setifer, Pels, t c. p. 83. Edolius affinis, Tytler fy Beau. Ibis, 1867, p. 323. Dierurus malabaroides, Gray, Handrl B. i. p. 286. Bicrurus formosus, Gray, t. e. p. 28Q. Bicrurus singularis, Gray, t.c.-p. 287. Bissemurus affinis, Wold. Ibis, 1873, p. 310. Adult. General colour above blue-black, with steel-coloured reflections at the ends of the feathers, the plumes of the sides of the neck elongated and lanceolate; the metallic gloss on the wings rather brighter than on the back; primaries black, slightly glossed externally on the outer web, the secondaries metallic like the coverts; tail black, the feathers glossed with steel-colour on the outer webs, the two outermost elongated and furnished with a spatula, which takes half a turn at the end; head blue-black, with, an enormous crest, the frontal plumes erect and attenuated, the next ones broader and curved backward, the hindermost very broad and recurved over the nape; lores, sides of face, and under surface of body blue-black, with a steel gloss, somewhat of a greenish tinge, confined to a spot at the extremity of the breast-feathers; bill and feet black; iris red. Total length 14 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 6-6/ tail 7, outer tail-feathers 13, tarsus 1*15. (Nepal.) Younger birds seem to have the crest less strongly developed, and have the under wing-coverts tipped with white. The following is a description of a typical D. brachyphorus. Adult male. Black; the upper surface with metallic steel lustre, less pronounced on the rump, where there is somewhat of a greyer shade, the feathers being grey washed with steel-green; wings metallic steel-black like the back, the primaries black slightly washed with metallic steel reflections, the secondaries externally metallic steel-black like the back; tail black, with metallic steel reflections on both webs, the outer feather with a small elongate racket, slightly twisted and recurved; lores, sides of face, and underparts blue-black, with a gloss of steely purple on the fore neck and breast, rather shaded with greenish on the abdomen, the ground 260 D1CRURIDJS. colour of which is grey ; under wing-coverts purplish black; bill and feet black; iris red. Total length 10*6 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 5-55, tail 5*4, tarsus 0*9, long outer tail-feathers 12. Obs. I am unable to separate D. brachyphorus from Sumatra and Singapore from those of Borneo: the latter, however, have much smaller rackets at the end of their tails, which are also shorter. The measurements of a pair in the Museum are as follows :— Outer Total tail- length. Culroen. Wing. Tail, feathers. Tarsus, in. in. in. in. in. in. a. J . Singapore (Wallace) 10*5 1-3 5*8 5'4 13-7 0-9 b. 2- Sumatra (Wallace) . 11-0 1*25 5*4 5*3 10*7 0'9 Young birds appear to be more dusky in colour than the adults, and to have the under wing-coverts tipped with white. After a careful study of what has been written on the subject of these racket-tailed Drongos, and after comparison of the series contained in the British Museum, I have arrived at the conclusion that between D. malabaroides of the Eastern Himalayas and D. brachyjpliorus of Borneo, an unbroken chain of connecting races exists ; and this I believe I can show by the accompanying observations. This conclusion is very much the same as that adopted by Mr. Blyth in 1849; and I do not see that the labours of subsequent ornithologists have much tended to upset this, though many more species have recently been recognized. Of these the late Mr. G. B. Gray admitted in the l Hand-list' no less than eight, as follows:— 4240. malabaricus, Lath. India, Malabar, Tenasserim. 4241. brachyphorus, Temm. Borneo. 4242. malabaroides, Hodgs. Iudia, Himalayas, &c. 4243. formosus, Cab. Java, Banda. 4244. singularis, Gray, n. sp. Malabar. 4245. platurus, Yieill. Java, Malacca. 4246. paradiseus, L. Siam, Burmah. 4247. qffinis, Tickell. Andamans. These species may at once be reduced to seven by suppressing the supposed new species, D. singularis, which is nothing but the young of the Malabar bird with a smaller crest and racket. It is quite certain that the size of both of these portions of the plumage varies, even in specimens from the same locality; and although the development of the crest is greater in old birds than in young ones, it must be remembered also that the preparation of the skin has a great deal to do with the appearance of the crest; for if the latter has been flattened when the bird was skinned, it will be very difficult to restore it to its original proportions; this is more especially the case with the short-crested forms, the full-crested species having the crest always remarkably developed. Taking the remainder of Mr. Gray's species in somewhat different order, the most distinct is, of course, the Nepalese D. malabaroides. with an enormous crest (fig. 1). 10 . DIS9EMURU3. ^6 1 Fig. L Head of Dissemurus malabaroides. D. paradiseus, from Siam (fig. 2), is a full-crested form, but, of course not to be compared in this respect with Nepalese examples; and the Burman birds are intermediate (fig. 3). The Tenasserim and Cambodian specimens cannot be separated from the Siamese. Fig. 2. Head of Dissemnrus paradiseus. Siam. Egr. 3. Head of Lissemurus paradiseus. Burmah. D. pJuturuSf from Java, is a strictly intermediate race between 2Q2 DICRURIDJ2. B. paradiseus and D. brachypJwrus, having a small crest but a tolerably large and very twisted racket (rig. 4). In the previously mentioned birds the racket does not take more than a half turn; but in Javan specimens it is twisted over so as nearly to meet the opposite web. Fig. 4. Racket of Disscmuriis platums. Malaccan specimens are again intermediate, having a very small crest and racket, which makes them referable to D. brachyphorus, with which species I keep them, though the racket is much twisted, as in D. platurvs. Figs. 5 & 6. Head and racket of Dissemurus formosus. D. fomosus is included in the < Hand-list' on the authority of a Bornean specimen received from Yerreaux. It must be kept with the Javan bird, on account of the crest (fig. 5), but the racketing. 6) is very flat and large. It is a question, however, whether this last 10 . DI88EA1UKUS. 263 named character does not change its form a good deal with tho growth of the feather. D. brachi/phorus is a small, almost crestless race (fig. 7), with a very small racket (fig. 8), and would have to be regarded as a distinct species on this account, if it were not approached by the intermediate forms in Malacca &c. Racket of Bissemurus brachypliorus. D. affinis (fig. 9) is a small-crested form of the Malabar bird, the crest, such as it is, being full and the racket large. Fig. 9. Head of Dissemurus affinis. D. malabaricus of the * Hand-list' must be called D. cristatellus, Blyth; for the former name, founded on Sonnerat's utterly irrecognizable plate (Yoy. Ind. ii. pi. cxi.), ought to be discarded, as there is no chance of the figure ever being referred with certainty to any species. The crest in this form is very close-set; but considerable variation appears to exist even in birds from different parts of Southern India. DICRURIDiE. 284 Lastly, the form from Ceylon (fig. 10) is quite as distinct as any of the foregoing races. It has quite as small a racket (fig. 11) as in D. brachjphoms, with a crest like D.paradtseus; and if the others are separated, this must be caUed D. ceyhnensis. Fig. 10. Head of JDissemurus ceylonensis. Fig. 11. •^-~^Z>J Tail feather of Di$se.7)iurm ceylonemis. Finding it, however, quite impossible to define exact specific characters for these supposed species, I have united them under one name, and merely keep the specimens arranged under different headings ; for I fully believe that a larger series will only show more connecting links, and that it will be found more and more impossible to give specific characters for those differentiated under the various titles mentioned. Hob. India and Ceylon, Indo-Chinese region ; Malacca; Sumatra; Java; Banda; Borneo. a. D. malabaroides, a. Ad. st India. W. Sotheby, Esq. [P.l h c. Ad. "sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P/ ]• /3. D. paradiseus. * «,/>£• Ad. sk.' Burmah. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwili* [p.]. * Not typical, but at the same time not separable as a species from the foregoing. D.'rangoonensis, Gould, is a short, nearly crestless specimen, and very doubtfully recognizable. 11. IRMNA. 205 &. Ad. st *. d ad. at. ^. Ad. sk. Ad. sk. tn. g ad. sk. n. Ad. sk. o. Ad. sk. p, q. Ad. sk. r. Juv. st. s. Ad. sk. *, Ad. sk. u. Ad. sk. v. 5 jun. sk. t0, x. Ad. sk. y, z. <$ ad. sk. «'. 3 ad. sk. £'. Ad. sk. C. Ad. sk. . Malabar. Malabar. Moalmaza, Travancore. India. e. D. II()I1. E.1.C0. [P.]. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], M. Mouliot [C.]. J. C. D, Packman, Esq. [P.], D.platurus. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. Purchased. cristatellus. Purchased. Mrs. Spinks. Capt. Biddulph [0.1. J. Gould, Esq. [P.], ceylonemis. N.E. Province, Oey- Capt. Vincent Legge [P.]. Ion, Jan. 7. 1873. £. D. affinis. Andaman Islands. Purchased. rj. D. bracliypliorus. Sarawak, Borneo, 1855. Sibu, Sarawak. Borneo. Borneo. Banjer massing. Sumatra, 1861. Singapore, 1854. Malacca. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. • A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Hugh Low, Esq. [0.]. J. Motley, Esq. A. R. Wallace, Esq. f 0.1 A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 Capt. Stackhouse Pin will [C.]. W. Harvey, Esq. [P.]. 11. IRENA. Type. Irena, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 153 I. turcosa. Head of Irena criniger. VOL. TIT. •v 26 6 DICKTTKIDJS. Range. Indian peninsula, Indo-Chinese countries, Malayan peninsula; Java; Sumatra; Borneo; Philippine Islands. Key to the Species. a. Underneath deep purplish blue. a\ Mantle deep purplish blue cyanogastra, p. 266. V. Mantle velvety black melanochlamys, p. 2o6. b. Underneath black. c\ Under tail-coverts reaching to the tip, or , iurcosa^ p. 237. even beyond the tip of the tail j criniger, p. 267. d'. Under tail-coverts not reaching to the tip of the tail. a". Under tail-coverts falling short of the tip of the tail by more than length of tarsus. a"'. Enamelled blue feathers of a deep purplish shade pu*Uaf p. 283. h'u. Enamelled blue feathers of a dull verditer tweeddaln, p. 258. h". Under tail-coverts reaching nearly to the tip of the tail, not falling short of it l)j as much as the length of the tarsus cyanea, p. 269. 1. Irena cyanogastra. Irena cyanogastra, Vigors, T. Z. S. 1831, p. 97 ; Gray § Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 288, pi. 70"; Bp. Consp. i. p. 349; Cass. U.S. ErplExp., Aves, p. 143; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 288; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 190. Adult male. General colour above deep purplish blue, slightly varied on the rump with ashy brown, where the bases of the feathers show through; the scapulars resembling the back; least and median wing-coverts deep cobalt-blue, the greater series black, shading off into deep cobalt at the tip, very slightly on the outermost, conspicuously on the inner ones; primary-coverts black, the quills black, the inner secondaries externally deep cobalt like the wing-coverts, the greater upper tail-coverts deep cobalt, brighter than the lower back; tail black, washed with deep purple, more plainly on the centre feathers; crown of head and nape deep cobalt- blue, a little brighter on the fore part of the crown; lores, sides of face and of neck, entire throat and chest, black; rest of under surface deep purplish blue like the back; under tail-coverts deep cobalt- blue ; thighs and under wing-coverts brown, washed with purplish blue; iris red. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 5*35 tail 4-4, tarsus 0*85. Sexes alike (Meyer ; cf. Walden^ Z. .% p. 160 j Gtoy, <%». 5, i. p. 2b8. pi. 70. fisr. 3: //^r^;f. ; fr'wy, jHi»M?-J. -S. i. p. 288 j Sfolzcska. J. A, & B. xxxix. pt. 2, p. :*1*; Wald. Ibis, 1871, p. 170; Hddsw. P.Z. & 1*7-J, p. 40-2; WMM. 2525, 1873, p. 300. Irena indica, A Haij in BlytKs JReport, J. A. S. Ji xv. p. SHJ; Jl^ Orcsp. i. p. 349. Adult male. General colour above deep purplish roltfilt, of a purer blue shade somewhat on the forehead ; scapulars m %i4l*Mtluk hmt and median coverts coloured exactly like the back, tht» gr* uter ^*rim blackish, with a cobalt-blue spot at the tips of gome of thrm; quill* and tail black, with a slight bluish shade on the secondnn*s and central tail-feathers; lores, feathers over the eye, Miles of fa**<% sides of neck, and entire under surface, including the thighs and under wing-coverts, black; under tail-coverts deep-purplish cobalt; bill and legs black; iris ruby-red. Total length 10 inches, emlmnt 0-95, wing 5, tail 4*45, tarsus 0-75, distances between tip of tail- coverts and tip of tail 1*6. Adult female. Different in colonr from the male, being of a dull Prussian blue, a little brighter and inclining to cobalt on the rump and upper and under tail-coverts; wings anil tail dark brown, tin* quills narrowly edged, and the secondaries and tail-feathers washed with dull blue, the latter more conspicuously. Hah. Malabar and Travancore; Assam and Burmese provinces to Tenasserim. a,h. [ 6 ] ad. sk. Travancore. Capt. Biddiilph 'JC.^ «'[#] a& sk- Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, E?CL * PA /. [6s] ad. sk. Slam. HL Mouhot [C.J. 6. Ireua tweeddalii Adult male (type of species). Crown of head, nape, and hind neck, as well as the entire back, scapulars, rump, and upper (ailcoverts brilliant turquoise-blue, the head more silvery; lessnt find median wing-coverts turquoise-blue like the back; rest of lit 11 . IRENA. hf "~C°Verts a ^lack> some of the innermost of the greater series with at the tips; quiUs and tail Waek loresi franfU%Sp0t > feathers in ot aJd over nn , the eye, sides of face, sides of neck, and entire of bod^ from cMn t0 vent cludS S^fface> ™h velvety black, in- bin T nilde r wl^g-coverts; under tail-coverts bright turquoise a lo more P111?11831 thaB tlie uPPer bl^6i m surface; bill and legs A £ otal length 8 inches f oT°> culmen 1-05, wing 4-85, tail 8*85, tarsus 0-7. (Coll Jl B. Bteere.) .Adult female. General colour above and below dull verditer-blue, righter and more washed with cobalt on the rump and upper fail- coverts; least and median wing-coverts exactly resembling the oaek, the greater series, quills, and tail blackish brown, externally washed "with blue; bill and legs black; "iris carmine" (Steere). xotal length 9*5 inches, culmen 1-05, wing 4-85, tail 3*8, tarsus 0-75. {Volt. J. B. Bteere.) Sab. Island of Balabac, Philippines, 7. Irena cyanea. Irena Juella, Blyth, J. A. S. B. sv. p. 308 (nee Lath.): id. Cat B. Mies. A. 8. B. p. 214 (pt.) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 349. Irena malayensis, Moore, in Horsf. ty Moore, Cat. B. i. p. 274; Jerd. B. 2nd. ii. p. 106: Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 288; Wald. Ibis, 1871, p. 170. ' Adult male. Similar to I. crimger in distribution of colour and shade of blue, but having the under tail-coverts falling short of the tip of the tail by half an inch. Total length 9*3 inches, culmen 1, wing 4*6, tail 3*5, tarsus 0-7. A.dult female. Similar to the female of I. crimger. Total length 8-5 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*7. Hah. Malacca. a. Im.ni. at. Malacca. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [0.]. hre. i tf 2 ] ad-sk-Malacca. d. [ $ J ad. sk. Malacca. W. Harvey, Esq. [O.J. e* J* ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. f, 9* 6 2 ad. sk. . Penang. Secretary of State for India [P.], Secretary of State for India [P.J. A. (S imm. sk. Penang. IPKI0N0PIDJ5. Family PRIONOPIDJ3. «. Bill broader tlian it is high .. Subfam. PHIONOFINM, p. 270. b. Bill higher than it is broad .. Subfam. EURYCEROTINJE, p. 326, Subfam. PRIONOPIKE. Key to the Geneva. a. Distance between the primaries and the secondaries greater than the length of the tarsus. «'. Wings short or moderate, falling short of the tip of the tail by more than the length of the culmen; no eye-wattle. a". Tail square or slightly rounded, shorter than the wing. a"\ First primary moderate; second primary longer than the secondaries 1. GBALLINA, p. 272. V". First primary moderate; second primary equal to the secondaries 2. TEPHBOEOENIS, p. 274 cnt. First primary equal to the secondaries 3. EUBOCEPHALTIS, p. 279, 6". Tail graduated, longer than the wing 4. PCEOPTEBA, p. 281. b'. Wings nearly reaching to the end of the tail, the distance between the tip of the wing and the tip of the tail not so long as the culmen; round the eye a fleshy wattle ... . 6". LEPTOPTEBUS p. 282. b. Distance between the tips of the primaries and the tips of the secondaries less than the length of the tarsus. c\ Nofleshy wattle round the eye. c", Without an occipital crest of greater length than the head. d"\ Wing a little longer than the tail, the former not exceeding the latter by as much as the length of the culmen. a4. Inner toe (without claw) longer than the hind toe (without claw). a5. Second primary equal to the secondaries in length. a8. Head with a crest of PRIONOPJDJE, 271 elongated plumes; rictal bristles not extending beyond the nostrils; bill simply notched at the end, but serrated very iinely along* the edge of the upper mandible 0. RiccrKs, p. 283. £>0. Head with, a slight crest, the plumes not elongated ; bill simply notched at the end and not serrated ; rectal bristles as in the preceding* . . 7. I\SETTDORECTES, p. 287. c6. Head with a slight crest, the plumes not elongated j bill with a strong circular notch,- rictal bristles and nasal bristles strongly developed, and extending far beyond the middle of the culmen 8. MELANORECTES, p. 289, 55. Second primary longer than the secondaries; head not crested 9, COLLYBIOCINCLA, p. 230. bK Inner toe (without claw) shorter than, or equal to, the hind toe (without claw). c5. Second primary equal to the secondaries in length. clF\ Nostrils somewhat ex posed. a7. Culmen much longer than the hind toe and claw 10. PINAEOLESTES, p. 293. b7. Culmen not so long as the hind toe and claw 11. CUPHOPTEBUS, p. 302. e$. Nostrils entirely hidden by plumes. c7. Bill moderately strong; feet very strong j culmen not so long as the middle toe and claw 12. FRASEBIA, p. 303, d?. Bill very stout; feet extremely weak; culmen considerably longer than the middle toe and claw,... 13. HEMIPTJS, p. 305. d5. Second primary longer than the secondaries 14. BRADYOBNIS, p. 308. ". Tail longer than the wing. c1. First primary rather long, extending beyond the primary- coverts 15. MELiENORNIS, p. 315. 272 PRIONOPIDJS. d* First primary very small, not extending as far as the primary- coverts 16. HYPOCOLITJS, p. 316. d". Witli a long1 occipital crest of dilated plumes, equalling the head in length 17. PLATYLOPHUS, p. 317. d'. With a fleshy wattle round the eye. e". Wing rather short, the quills falling short of the tail by more than the length of the first primary; head crested, the frontal plumes extending forwards, so as to completely hide the nostrils; the exposed part of the culmen not exceeding the diameter of the eye 18. PBIONOPS, p. 318. /". Wing rather long, the distance between the wings and tail not so much as the length of the first primary ,• head moderately crested, the nostrils not entirely hidden by the nasal plumes; the exposed part of the culmen exceeding the diameter of the eye. 19. SIGMGDUS, p. 319. 1. GBALLBFA. Type. Tanypus*, Oppel, Munch. Denhschr. 1811-12, p. 159 ... . G. picata. Grallina, Vieill N. Diet d'Mst Nat xiii. p. 401 (1817).. G. picata. Range. Australia and $Tew Guinea. Key to the Bpecies. a. Larger,* sexes different,- the black colour on the throat occupying the breast also j underparts pure white » picata, p. 272. b. Smaller; sexes alike; the black colour confined to the throat; underparts tinged with buff bruijni, p. 273. 1. Grallina picata. Gracula picata, Lath. Ind. Orn., Sitppl. p. 29. Tanymis australis, Oppel Munch. Denkschr. 1811-12, p. 159. Cracticus cyauoleucus, Vieill. N. Diet v. p. 350 • Less. Traite, p. 89 pi. 39. Grallina rnelanoleuca, Vieill N. Diet d'Hist Nat. xiii. p. 401; id et Owl Gal Ois. I pi. 150; Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 60. Grallina bicolor, Vig. $• Horsf. Tr. Linn. Sac. xv. p. 238; Less TraitS, p. 398. Corvus cyanoleucus, Lath. Gen. Hist B. iii. p. 49. Grallina australis, Gray, List Gen. B. 1841, p. 33,-Gould, B. Austr. fol. ii. pi. 54. Grallina cyanoleuca, Gray $• Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 204: Bp Consv i p. 251. *' r' ' Grallina picata, Strickl Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist xi. p. 335: Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 188; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 248. * Preoccupied in entomology. 1 . GUALL1NA. 273 Adult General colour above blue-black, the scapulars uniform with the back; all the wing-coverts pure white, excepting the outermost of the greater serios, which are black, with a white tip to a few of them; primary-coverts and quills black, the secondaries tipped with white, the innermost with white bases extending for more than half of the quills, and forming a longitudinal wing-bar; feathers of the lower back mottled with white, each feather having a broad subterminal box of this colour; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail pure white, the latter with a broad terminal bar of blue- black, some of the outer feathers tipped with white; lores, feathers in front of the eye, and a broad band extending from the eye above the ear-eoverts to the sides of the neck blue-black ; above the eyo to the sides of the nape a broad streak of white, forming a very distinct eyebrow; ear-coverts and sides of neck white, forming a large oblong patch; below the eye a small half-circle of white feathers ; cheeks, throat, and breast blue-black ; rest of under surface of body pure white, including the under wing- and tail-coverts; quills black below, with concealed white bases; " bill yellowish white; feet black; iris straw-yellow" (Gould). Total length 11 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 7*2, tail 5-2, tarsus 1*7. Adult female. Similar to the male, but having a frontal band and the throat white, and no white line under the eye; the general shade of the black colour greener than in the male, where it is blue- black. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 6*95, tail 4*95, tarsus 1-6. Young. Similar to the adult female, but more dingy and browner; forehead blackish brown like the crown; all the quills and tail- feathers distinctly tipped with white. Hal. Australia. a. 2 ad. sk. Australia. h. [ $ ] ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. e- [ ? 1a<3-s^* d, e. $ $ ad. sk. /. Pull. st. g, h. d $ ad., i 'Pull. sk. South Australia. Murray River. Swan River. N.W. Australia. (Type of G. bicolor.) Sir George Grey [P.]. Sir George Grey [P.J. Purchased. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 2. Grallina Tbrxrijni. Grallina bruijnii, Sahad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov, vii. p, 929. Head above, neck, back, throat, cheeks, quills, and the apical half of the tail-feathers black; lores, a superciliary band drawn backwards as far as the sides of the neck, upper part of the breast, upper and under wing-coverts white ; rump, itpper tail-coverts, and basal half of the rectrices white, slightly tinged with buff; the base of the quills white; bill lead-coloured in the skin, the edges of the mandibles and the tip pale; feet black. Total length 7*3 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4*3, tail 3*15, tarsus 1*05. (SahadorL) Hab. Arfak Mountains in Forth-western rTew Guinea. 274 PRIONOPID^. 2. TEPHRODOKNIS. Type Tephrodornis, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Amer. Birds, App. p. 482 (1831) >: T. virgatus. Keroula, J. E. Gray, in Hardiv. III. Zool. ii. pi. 83 (1833-34) T. pondieerianus. Tenthaca, JSodgs. hid. Review, i. p. 447 (1837) T. pelvicus. Creurgus, Hodge. J. A. S. B. x. p. 29 (1847) T. pelvicus. Tentheca, G. R. Gray, List Gen. B. 1841, p. 48 T. pelvicus. Tenthera, G. R. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 289 (1847).... T. pelvicus. Tephrolanius, Bp. C. R. xxxix. p. 536 (1854) T. gularis. Wing of Tephrodornis gularis. Range. India and Ceylon; Indo-Chinese countries to Hainan; Malayan peninsula; Java; Sumatra; Borneo. Key to the Species. a. Two outer tail-feathers white, blackish at base, and sometimes spotted near the tip with the same. a\ General colour above ashy brown, with a very distinct buffy white eyebrow . . pondicer'ianus, p. 275. b\ General colour above dull cinereous, with only a faintly indicated eyebrow of lighter grey affinis, p. 276. b. Outer tail-feathers uniform with the rest of the tail, or sometimes a little whitish on the inner web. c\ Head grey; back ashy brown; size large; wing 4-75 inches pelvicus, p. 27Q. d'. Head dark grey or slaty brown like the back. a". Larger; wing 4-55" inches; upper tail- coverts dark brown sylvicola, p. 277. b". Smaller; wing 3-6-3*9 inches; tail- coverts black. a'". Cheeks and throat white like the rest of the under surface; the breast slightly tinged with vinaceous grey .. virgatus, p. 278. b"'. Cheeks white, contrasting strongly with the throat and breast, which are ashy £re y gularis, p. 278. 2 . TEPHRODORNIS. 27 5 1. Tephrodornis pondiceriairas. Gobe-mouche de PondichcSry, Sonn. Voy. Intl. ii. p. 108, Muscicapa pondiccriana, Gin. S. N. i. p. 939, The Keroula Shrike, hath. Gen. Hist B. ii. p. 29. Lanius museicapoides, Frankl P. Z. S, 1831, p. 117; id. J, A. S. B. i. p. 2C5. Keroula indica, J. E. Gray in Ilardw. Ill Zool. pi. 38 (1833-34). Lanius griseus, Tickell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 573. Lanius sordidus, Less, Compl. Buff. ii. p. 422. Tenthaca leucurus, Hodgs. hid. Review, i. p. 447. Taphrodornis superciliosus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 237; BlutK -r, Type. Pceoptera, Bp, C. JR. xxxviii. p. 381 P. lugubris. -Myiopsar, Cabanis, J.f.O. 187(3, p. 93 P. lugubris. Range. Confined to Western Africa. 1. Pceoptera lugubris*. Poaoptera lugubris, Bp. C. JR. xxxviii. p. 381; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 69. Thamnobia lugubris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 212. Myiopsar cryptopyrrhus, Cabanis, J. f. O. 1876, p. 93. Adult male. General colour above glossy purple, the least and median coverts coloured like the back; the greater series of wing- coverts light brown, edged with whity brown ; the primary-coverts and bastard wing darker brown, with slight purple gloss; quills rather darker brown, slightly shaded with purple towards their tips ; the secondaries externally whity brown; tail strongly graduated, blackish, glossed with greenish purple on the edges of the feathers ; entire under surface of body glossy purple, including the under wing- and tail-coverts ; lower surface of quills dusky brown, inclining to ashy brown on the inner webs, and slightly washed with rufous near the base of the primaries; bill and legs black. Total length 8-5 inches, culrnen 0-6, wing 3'55, tail 4-45, tarsus 0*7. Adult female. Different from the male. Greyish above, with a very distinct steel-blue gloss; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series dark brown, glossed with steel-blue on the outer webs; quills blackish brown, the inner webs rufous for the greater part of their extent; tail blackish, glossed with steel-green on both webs; under surface of body ashy grey, with a gloss of steel-green; the wing- coverts like the breast; quills blackish below, the rufous inner webs showing very plainly. Total length 7*6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3-3, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*75. Hub. West Africa: from the Gold Coast to the Congo. a, h. <$ 2 ad. sk. Forests of Denkera, interior Mr. St. Thomas D. of Fantee. Aubinn [0.]. * Prince Bonaparte seems to have named this species without due consideration, and it is quite open to question whether this name should be accepted. He has confused i t with Muscicapa lugubris of Midler, to which it bears no resemblance at all. Dr. Hartlaub has adopted Bonaparte's name, and I follow him, but not without doubt as to the reception of the title by future students. IJ VOL. III. 282 PR10N0PIDJE. 5. LEPTOPTERUS. Type Leptopterus, Bp. C. R. xxxix. p. 538 (1854) L. chabert. Head of Leptopterus chahert. Range. Confined to Madagascar. 1. Leptopterus chabert. La petite Pie-grieche verte de Madagascar. Briss. Orn. ii. p. 195, pi. lo. tig. 3. Green Shrike, Lath. Gen. Sun. i. p. 179. La Tcha-bert, Buff. PI. Enl 32. fig. 1. Lanius chabert, P. L. S. Mull. Sysi. Nat. Ankang, p. 72. Lanius violaceus, BodcL Tall. PI. Enl. p. 8. Lanius viridis, Gm. S. N i. p. 306 (ex Lath.). Leptopteryx viridis, Wagler, Si/st. Av. Leptopteryx, sp. 7. Artamia viridis, Lafr. Diet. Univ. dllist. Nat. ii. p. 16G; Grand. Rev. et Mag. de'Zool. 18G7, p. 386; Schl. $ Roll. Faun. Madag. Ois. p. 84, pi. 27 j Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 389; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 52. Analcipus hirundinaceus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 284. Leptopterus viridis, Bp. C. R. xxxix. p. 538; Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 48; Roeh Sf E. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 273; E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 348; A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 835. Artamus viridis, Vieill. N. Diet. cVHist. Nat. xvii. p. 299; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 285; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 290. Adult male. Above shining greenish black, the hind neck and mantle mottled with subterminal white spots to the feathers ; head and sides of face shining blue-black; wing-coverts, quills, and tail- feathers greenish black, with distinct edges of shining green to the feathers; cheeks and entire under surface of body pure silky white, the flank-feathers long and greyish; thighs black; under wing- coverts greenish black, the feathers edged with shining green; " beak greyish pearl; feet black; iris brown; eye-wattle clear blue" (Grandidier). Total length 6*2 inches., culmen 0*75, wing 3-75, tail 2-1, tarsus 0*75. Obs. A young bird, which has not quite completed the full plumage, has the rump greyish, with green edges to the feathers; the secondaries edged with grey; on the head the feathers are brown, minutely spotted and streaked with dull white. Hob. North-western Madagascar. a, b. Ad., c. Juv. sk. Madagascar. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. d. Ad. sk. Madagascar. K. B. Sharpe, Esq. e. Ad. sk. Mohambo, Madagascar. Mr. Gerrard [C.]. 6. RECTES. 28.1 6. RECTES. Typo. Pitohui, Lesson, Traite, i. p. $76 (1881) . R. cirrliocephalus. Rectes, Bp. C. R. xxxi. p. 50:i (1850). Head, foot, and wing o( Rectos umpygwlis. Range. New Guinea and Papuan Islands; Aru Islands ; Mysol; Waigiou; Jobi. Key to the Species. a. With a very distinct cap, contrasting with the colour of the back. a'. Upper tail-coverts rufous like the rest of the back cirrhocephalus, p. 284. b'. Upper tail-coverts black; back chestnut. a". Black colour ending abruptly on the breast. a'1'. Black colour occupying the whole of the lower back, as well as the rump and upper tail-coverts; thighs chestnut .. uropygialis, p. 285. b"'. Black colour confined to the lower rump and upper tail-coverts tibialis, p. 285. b". Black colour extending down the centre of the breast and abdomen; upper tail-coverts only black, not the rump aruensis, p. 285. b, With no distinct cap, the head being of the same colour as the mantle, or nearly so. V'. Throat ashy, contrasting with the breast.. eervmiveiriris, p. 286, d". Throat rufous, like the rest of the under surface. c"'. Brownish red above, inclining to olive; bill black cristatus, p. 286. d"'. Foxy red above, like the under surface; bill light horn-colour jobiensis, p. 287. u2 284 PRIONOPIDJE. 1. Rectes cirrhocephalus. Vanga kirrhoceplialus, Less. Voy. Coquille, Zool. p. 633, pi. xi. Pitohui, Less. Traite, p. 375. Rectes kirrocephalus, Bp. C. JR. xxxi. p. 563; Scl Journ. Linn. Soc~ 1858, p. 161; Gray, P. Z. S. 1859. p. 157; id. Cat Mamm. $c. N. Guin. p. 33; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 170; Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. (396. Timalia poliocepkala, Bp. C. B. xxxi. p. 563 (ex Mull). Rectes dichrous, Bp. C. B. xxxi. p. 5(J'3 ; Scl Journ. Linn. Soc. 1858, p. 161. Rectes bicolor, Finsch, Neu-,Guinea, p. 170 (ex Mull MS. in Mas. LugdX Oolluricincla kirrocephala, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 385. Rectes cirrhocephala, Meyer, Sitz. Ahad. Wien, lxix. pp. 205, 391; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 772. Adult (R. dichrous). Above maroon-chestnut, including the upper tail-coverts; head crested; sides of face, throat, and fore neck black; rest of under surface of body rich orango fawn-colour, including the under wing- and tail-coverts; least wing-coverts chestnut like the back; greater and median series black; quills and tail black ; bill black. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 4*5, tail 4*5, tarsus 1*55. Adult female. Similar to the male, but having the black of the head and throat somewhat obscured by olive-brown; quills also washed externally with brownish, and the outer tail-feather brownish on the outer web. Total length 10-8 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 4-8, tail 4*7, tarsus 1-5. Young (R. cirrhocephalus). General colour above bright maroon- chestnut, the least wing-coverts uniform with the back; greater and median wing-coverts ashy brown, slightly washed with olive, and margined on the edge of the feathers with olive-brown; quills dark brown, externally ashy brown, with olive margins, the secondaries distinctly washed with the latter colour; tail ashy brown, somewhat washed with olive on the edges of the feathers; head crested, grey, forming a cap, the sides of the face and entire throat also grey like the head; sides of neck maroon-chestnut like the back; rest of under surface of body fawn-colour, including the thighs and under wing- and tail-coverts. Total length 10*9 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 4-6, tail 4-6, tarsus 1-3. Younger. Similar to the foregoing, but everywhere paler in colour. Obs. I could not at first, from a study of the two birds in the British Museum, receive Dr. Meyer's conclusions as to Rectes cirrhocephalus being the young of R. dichrous, and I am therefore greatly indebted to him for sending over for my inspection his fine series of these birds, after examining which there is no doubt of the fact of their being one and the same species. The adult male is black- headed, and the adult female is similar, but has the black cap and throat browner. In the young birds "a perfect gradation is seen from the pale ashy-headed specimens to the dark-brown ones of the young males, when they resemble the adult females before finally G. RECTUS. 285 completing their porfect dress. In the first plumage both males and females seem to be perfectly alike. Dr. Meyer's specimens were all collected in May and June, and exhibit every stago from tho very young bird, through successive changes, to the perfectly adult. Hah. New Guinea. a, b. S imin. sk. e. Imm. sk. d. Juv. st. Dorey, New Guinea. Dorey, New Guinea. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. Leiden Museum. e.. [J ] ad. sk. New Guinea. Purchased*. 2. Rectes uropygialis. Rectes uropygialis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1801, p. 430; Finsch, Net*-Guinea, p. 170; Meyer, Sitz. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 208. Colluricincla uropygialis, Gray. Hand4. B. i. p. 385. Adult male (type of species). Head, which is strongly crested, and nape black, as also the entire sides of the face, sides of neck, throat, fore neck, and chest; hind neck, mantle, and upper back rich maroon- chestnut, rather more orange on the hind neck; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts black; wings and tail black; remainder of under surface of body, from the chest downwards, including the thighs, under wing- and tail-coverts, rich maroon-chestnut; bill and legs black. Total longth 11 inches, culmen 1/1, wing 4*7, tail 4-55, tarsus 1*36. Another male, from My sol, is slightly larger. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 4*85, tail 4*7, tarsus 1*45. Adult female. Similar to tho adult male, and quite as richly coloured. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1-25, wing 4-95, tail 4*75, tarsus 1*35. Hah. My sol. a. <$ ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. (Type of species.) b, e. <$ 2 ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 3. Rectes tibialis. Similar in all respects to liectes uropygialis, but rather smaller; the black confined to the rump and upper tail-coverts, and not extending on to the lower back; hinder part of thighs black, and not maroon as in E. uropygialis. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 5-1, tail 4-85, tarsus 1-25. Hab. New Guinea. a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 4. Rectes aruensis. Rectes dichrous {nee Bp.), Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 179; id. List Mamm. fyc. N. Guin. p. 33. * The first four are in the grey4ieaded plumage, the only stage obtained by Mr. Wallace: the last one mentioned is in the black-headed dress. 2B6 PKIONOIUDJE. Oolluriocincla dichroa, Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 170. ? Rectes diclirous ceramensis, Meyer, Sitz. Akad, Wien, lxix. p. 208. Adult male. Above very bright chestnut, the irpper tail-coverts black; head crested, black all round, with the sides of face, fore neck, and chest also entirely black; rest of the under surface of the body deep tawny buff, the whole of the breast shaded with black; under wing-coverts deep ochraceous, those near the edge of the wing black; wings and tail deep black ; bill and legs black. Total length 10 inches, cuhnen 1*2, wing 4-3, tail 4-1, tarsus 1*35. Young. Paler ochre-rufous below, not mixed with black on the breast; the cap and black throat almost as strongly denned as in the adult, but both are much washed with brown; rump dingy ochraceous brown, washed with chestnut, the tail-coverts inclining to blackish; quills and tail blackish, the outer webs of the quills, dingy ochraceous brown; tail-feathers brown, slightly washed with rufous, and inclining to black near the base and upwards along the centre of the feathers. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 4-45, tail 4-3, tarsus 1*3. Hah. Aru Islands. &, b, <$ ad. sk. Am Islands, 1857. A. R. Wallace, Esq. e,d. S $ juv. st. Aru Islands, 1857. A, R. Wallace, Esq. e* Juv. sk. Aru Islands (Cockerell). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 5. Rectes cerviniventris. Rectes cerviniventris, Gray. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 430; Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 176; Meyer, Sitz. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 208. Colluricincla cerviniventris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 465. Adult male. General colour above ashy olive, inclining to olive on, the rump and upper tail-coverts ; the head crested, ashy grey, this colour pervading the mantle and back; sides of face and sides of neck rather darker ashy; wings olive-brown, the inner webs of the feathers darker brown, the outer webs washed with reddish olive; tail-feathers brown, washed with olive on the edges of the feathers, the outer ones reddish brown, edged with deep fawncolour on the outer web; throat and fore neck ashy, washed with ochre; rest of under surface of body chestnut fawn-colour, in- eluding the thighs, under wing- and tail-coverts ; under surface of body dark ashy brown, the inner webs rufous fawn-colour. Total length 8-6 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 3*75, tail 3*5, tarsus 1*25. Hal. "Waigiou. a, h. $ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. (Type of species.) c, d. $ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.].. 6. Rectes cristatus. Rectes cristata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 930. Above brownish red, rather inclining to olive; underneath bright / . PKEUDOIIKCTKS. rufous, the breast, and centre of abdomen paler; head conspicuously crested; upper tail-coverts and tail brownish ruddy ; eyebrow dusky; bill black; feet very strong, lead-coloured in skin. Total length 9-1 inches, oulmcn 0-9, wing 5*15, tail 3*95, tarsus 1-65. (Salvador}..) Ilab. Mount Morait, N.W. New Guinea. 7. Rectes jobiensis. Rectes jobiensis, Meyer, Sitz. Ahatl. Wien, Ixix. p. 205 ; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. MU. p. 773. Adult male (type of species). General colour above bright foxy red, paler on the head; wring-coverts like the back; quills dark brown, externally rufous, the inner secondaries entirely rufous; tail-feathers chestnut, the shafts rufous ; lores, sides of face, and under surface of body deep rich tawny buff, darker on the throat and fore neck, and inclining to chestnut on the lower flanks and under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts bright tawny, like the breast; quills dusky brown below, rufous on tne outer web and along the inner web; bill light yellowish horn-colour; feet blackish, claws pale. Total length 9#2 inches, culmen 11*5, wing 4-05, tail 4-35, tarsus 1-35. Adidt female. Similar to the male. Total length 10-5 inches, wing 4-6, tail 4-3, tarsus 1*25. Young male. Similar in colouring to the adult,but rather duller; the bill shorter and duller brown. Hab. Island of Jobi, in the Bay of Geelvink, New Guinea. a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Jobi Island. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 7. P3ETJD0RECTES. Rectes (pt.)> auct. recent. Eange. New Guinea and adjacent Papuan Islands. Aru Islands; Waigiou; Mysol. Key to the Species. a. Smaller: bill black; underneath fawn-buff ferruginous, p. 287. b. Much larger: bill yellowish wThite; below chestnut fawn-colour kucorkynchm, p. 288. 1. Pseudorectes ferrugineus. Pie-Grieche bruyante, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 6. fig. 1. Garrulax ferrugineus, S. Mull, in Mm. Zugd. wide Rectes ferrugineus, JBp. C. R. xxxi. p. 563; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 823. Rectes strepitans, JIo?nbr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Textc, hi. p.60; Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. New Guinea,]). 34; Fmch, Ken-Guinea, p. 170. Colluricincla strepitans, Gray, Hmd-l. B. i. p. 385. gn g 1.RI02J0PID.I. . i ,n r.«-Wallace) ibove dark reddish brown ; rump Adult female {Dorey ^Tmc ^ rufous, especially the latter; and upper ad-coverts ^^ JJertrf a£ng the s^ft ^ t h ^^"thnf f reX f uuTer surface of body fawn-colour, the under whiten buff rest ot u ^ ^ ^ wing.COTerte wing- and *f--°^eTbi.^T. ^ uiU s dar k browI1) externally fawn- a little ^^..^^^SdiS ; "bill blaek; feet ashy; STSiK X^(^er t i s ) Total length 1 H inches, size the foUowing being a synopsis of the measurements of the Museum series:— lwsth. Culrnen. Wing. Tail. Tanua. in in. m. »»• . »»* , , wrrr7 7 s iO-o-li-5 1'25 5-6-5-66 48-6-2 1-4 -1 6 «. Mysol (Wallace) .... iV^ii- !i- T-> Kr. Jaines [C.]. Dec. 1875. c, f. tf 9 ad. sk. Aru Islands. Br. James TC.! a S ad st. Aru Islands.Dr. James^i*™ 8 8 lC*J; \u.\. Sharpe, Esq. [P/L I Ad. sk. Am Islands {Cockerell). A. R. Wallace, Esq. [tt]. i, k. 2 ad-8l£- Mysol. 2. Pseudorectes leucorhyiicliiis. Rectes leucorhynchus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 430; JT/wcA, A«f- Guinea, p. 170. . Colluricinela leucorhyneha, £ray, Hand-l B. l. p. 886. ^LcZwZ^ mak Above rufous brown, the rump and the tail a little brighter, the crown and sides of the head slightly darker; wing- coverts like the back, but a little darker brown; quills dark brown, externally dark rufous brown; under surface of body deep rufous fawn-colour, the throat paler; under wing- and tail-coverts uniform with the breast; bill yellowish white. Total length 12 inches, culrnen 1:15, wing 5-7, tail 5-2, tarsus 1-5. A second male, collected by Mr. Wallace, measures—total length I I inches culrnen 1-15, wing 6, tail 5*1, tarsus 1-16. Hab. Waigiou. a. S ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.L b. Ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 9 . COLLYRIOCINCLA. 8. MELANORECTES. Rectes (pt.), auct recent. Range. North-western New Guinea. 1. Melauorectes nigrescens. Rectes nigrescens, Schl. N T. D. iv. p. 46; Meyer, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 419 ; id. Sitz. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 390. Rectes bennetti, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 692; Meyer, Sitz. Akad. Wien, lxx. p. 126. Adult male. General colour above slaty black, deeper and more jet-black on the crown and sides of the bead; wing-coverts like the back ; quills and tail blackish brown ; under surface of body black, inclining to slaty black on the flanks and under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts resembling the breast; quills blackish brown below, margined along the inner web with lighter brown; " bill black; legs dull lead-colour; iris chestnut-brown" (DAlbertis). Total length 9 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 5, tail 4-1, tarsus 1-2. ( Dr. A. B.Meyer: Mns. Dresden.) Adidt female. Above olive-brown, a little redder on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts rather more reddish brown, the greater series somewhat olivaceous; quills brown, reddish on the outer webs ; tail chestnut; head above ashy brown, slightly greyer on the forehead and lores; sides of face, sides of neck, and under surface of body fulvous brown, the throat somewhat ashy; under wing-covcrts rich fawn-colour; quills light brown below, chestnut along the inner web. (Dr. A. B. Meyer: Mus. Dresden.) Hob. North-western New Guinea. Head and wing of Collyriociricla harmonica. Mange. Australia and Southern New Guinea. 29o ntioNOPJX)^. w Key to the Species. Bill dark blackish or deep brown. a'. Back umber-brown, contrasting with the giey head and rump. , a". Bill stout, 0-9 inch long; white loral spot ^ very distinct; no eyebrow in adult .. .. . hwmomca, p. -*u. 5". Bill very long-, 1*2 inch; white loral spot very tortly indicated ; a distinct eyebrow, rechrostns, p. 291. b'. Back ashy brown, like the rest of the upper «^Lmder tail-coverts white £ ..;•.,..v. ^ P-f J6'" Under tail-coverts bright fawn-buff. .. . rufiventris, p. 2J2. 1. Collyriocincla harmonica. Harmonic Thrush, ZaM. tf«i. #//>?. %??>£ p. 182. Turdus harmonious, Lath. bid. Orn. SuppL p. xli. Colluriocincla harmonica, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 295; Gould, B. Amtr. ii. pi. 7; Bp. Consp. i. p. 366; Gould, Handh. B. Amtr. i. p. 220 j <7>w/. Iland-l. B. i. p. 385; Biggies, Orn. Amtr. pi. 34 fig. 1. Pnigocichla harmonica, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. Q6. Adult. Head and nape grey; hind neck, back, and scapulars clear umber-brown; least and median coverts uniform with the back, the greater series ashy grey; quills dark brown, externally ashy grey, the secondaries slightly washed with olivaceous; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts ashy grey; tail ashy grey, the feathers slightly tipped with whitish, the shafts brown above, white below; lores and feathers in front of the eye white; round the eye a ring of dusky grey plumes ; ear-coverts ashy grey, slightly washed with brown; cheeks whitish, grey on their hinder margin ; under surface of body light ashy grey, the throat, centre of abdomen, and under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts ashy whitish; quills light brown below, whitish along the inner webs; " bill blackish brown ; feet dark greenish grey ; iris dark brown" (Gould). Total length 9*8 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 5*15, tail 4*0, tarsus 1-25. Young. Distinguished by its rufous eyebrow and by the stripes on the breast; the whole colour of the upper surface is darker, the ashy grey colour of the head and back being shaded with brown. Hab. Australia. a, b. Ad. juv. sk. Australia. Linnean Society. (Types Juv. st. a. £ ad. sk. e, f. Jun. sk. g. Juv. sk. S. Australia. S. Australia. A ustralia. of C. cinerea.) Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.]. Sir George Grey [P. J. Sir George Grev [P.J. Sir T. Mitchell [P.], 9. COLLYRIOCINCLA. 291 h, i. Ad. juv. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. k. 1mm sk. River Darling, lat. 32°. Capt. Sturt [P.t. 1 Ad sk -< [New Zealand.] New-Zealand Co. [P.]. 2. Collyriocincla rectirostris. Collurieincla rectirostris, Jard. $ Selby, III, Orn. iv. pi. xxxi.; Grayr Gen. B. i. p. 295. „ Collurieincla strigata, Swains. An. in Menaq. p. 283. Collurieincla selbii, Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 77*; Bp. Ctmsp. i. p. 366; Gould, Mandb. B. Austr. \. p. 224; Gray. Iland-l. B. i. p. 385. Adult. Head grey; hind neck, back, and scapulars umber-brown, contrasting with the head; rump and upper tail-coverts grey ; wings brown, the least and median coverts umber-brown like the back, the greater series rather greyer; primary coverts and primaries dark brown, externally washed with dull grey, the inner secondaries rather more olive-brown; tail dull grey, the outer feathers browner on the inner web, the shafts of the quills reddish brown : lores dull white; over the eye an obscurely indicated eyebrow of whitish; round the eye a ring of dusky greyish feathers; ear-coverts grey like the head; cheeks dull grey, whiter on the fore part; under surface of body greyish white, the flanks, thighs, and under tail- coverts grey ; under wing-coverts ashy grey, darker near the edge of the wing; quills ashy brown below, greyish along the inner webs ; "bill black; feet Hght lead-colour; iris brown" {Gould). Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 5, tail 4*3, tarsus 1*3. Adult female. Similar to the male; " bill horn-colour at the base, black at the tip" {Gould). Young. Duller than the adult, the head washed with ashy brown; over the eye a distinct rufous eyebrow; primary-coverts externally rufous, the quills olivaceous on the outer web, the inner webs to the quills also fawn-coloured; under surface of body dull white, ever}7where distinctly streaked with shaft-stripes of dark brown. Mabr Yan Diemen's Land. a. Ad. sk. Van Diemen's Land. J. Gould, Esq. b. Ad., c, d. Juv. st. Van Diemen's Land. Ronald Gunn, Esc^. [P.]. e. d ad.,/, ad. sk. Van Diemen's Land. Antarctic Expedition. g. c? juv. sk. Van Diemen's Land. J. Gould, Esq. h. Juv. sk. Van Diemen's Land. 3. Collyriocincla "brunnea. Collurieincla brunnea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 164; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 295; Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 76; Bp. Consp. i. p. 366; Goidd, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 223; Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 385. Collurieincla superciliosa, Masters, Tr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 50. * Mr. Gould refers us to a note to pi. 71 of the ' Illustrations of Ornithology' for this name, by which the species is generally known. In the copies of the work examined by me I find no mention of such a name. 292 PRIONOPIDifi. Adult. Above greyish brown, clearer on the head, which has faintly indicated shaft-lines of brown; wing-coverts brown, externally washed with grey, clearer on the greater series; quills dark brown, externally grey, much clearer on the secondaries; upper tail-coverts much lighter greyish brown than the back; tail-feathers ashy brown, with light greyish margins, all the feathers narrowly whitish at their tips; a spot in front of the eye and a distinct eyebrow white; round the eye a circlet of whitish feathers; ear- coverts light ashy brown, with narrow whitish shaft-lines ; cheeks and throat white, with mesial shaft-lines of brown; breast and ilanks pale whity brown, the centre of the body and under tail- coverts white ; thighs light brown; under wing-coverts very pale orange-buff, the axillaries whitish, with narrow dark brown shaft- streaks. Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 4-65, tail 4*7, tarsus 1*3. Hab. S.E. New Guinea and Northern Australia. a. Ad. sk. Cape York, N. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. b. Ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New Guinea. 0. C. Stone, Esq. [P.]. 4. Collyriocincla rufiventris. Colluricincla rufiventris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 164; id. B. Austr. fol. pi. 75) Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 295; Bp. Consp. i. p. 356; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 222; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 885. Turdus suhcinereus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 320; id. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 555. Adult. General colour above ashy grey, with a very slight olivaceous tinge ; wing-coverts ashy grey like the back; quills brown, externally greyish; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts clearer grey than the mantle; tail-feathers grey, rather lighter brown on the inner webs; lores and a spot of feathers in front of the eye white; round the eye a ring of dusky grey feathers, very indistinct; ear-coverts light ashy brown; cheeks greyish white, slightly mottled with obscure brown markings; throat greyish white; fore neck and breast light ashy grey,- darker on the sides of the breast, the feathers indistinctly streaked with dusky brown down the centre; rest of under surface of body pale fawn-colour, deeper on the under tail- coverts; thighs dull ashy; under wing-coverts pale fawn-colour, with greyish bases, the quills dull brown below, the inner webs pale yellowish buff towards their bases; " bill blackish brown ; feet dark greenish leaden grey; iris dark reddish brown" (Gould). Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 4*8, tail 4, tarsus 1*2. Hab. Australia. a. Ad. sk. Perth, Swan River, March 9, J. Gould, Esq. 1839. b. Ad. sk. Port Lincoln, S. Australia J. Gould, Esq. (Harvey).' c. Ad. sk. Port Lincoln, S. Australia J. Gould, Esq. (Harvey). d. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. e. Ad. sk. [Australia.] P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.]. (Type of Turdus subcinereus.) . ,\^,^: 10 . PINAROLESTEB. 29;i 5. Collyriocincla pallidirostris. Adult. General colour above ashy brown, the head rather moro grey, with indistinct brown shaft-lines; wing-coverts also a little greyer than the back; quills brown, externally ashy grey, the secondaries rather clearer grey on the outer webs ; upper tail-coverts ashy grey; tail brown, all the feathers ashy grey on their margins and slightly paler at the extreme tips; a spot in front of the eye white; round the eye a circlet of whitish feathers; over the eye* a very faint eyebrow of dull white feathers ; ear-coverts uniform ashy brown, with faint whitish shaft-lines; cheeks and throat dull white, with faint mesial streaks of rufous brown ; breast and sides of body light ashy brown, the centre of the body dull white, the entire breast marked with obscure mesial streaks of light rufous brown; thighs ashy brown; under tail-coverts dull white, with light brown shaft-streaks; under wing-coverts light orange-buff, the axillaries ashy brown like the breast; under surface of quills ashy brown, light tawny buff along the inner web; bill pale yellowish or whitish horn-colour; "iris brown" (Elsey). Total length 9*2 inches, culmen 1, wing 4-85, tail 4-4, tarsus 1-2. Hah. Northern Australia. a. Ad. at. Port Essington, May 13, 1840. Capt.Chambers,R.N. [P.]. b. $ad. sk. Nicholson Kiver, Aug. 24,1850, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.J. lat. 19° 40', long. 138°. 10. PINAROLESTES*. Myiolestes, avct. recent, nee Cabanis, 1850. Head of Pinarolestes megarh/nchus. Range. New Guinea and adjacent Papuan Islands; Pelew Islands; Northern Australia and islands of Torres Strait; Fiji Islands. Key to the Species. a. Bill light yellowish horn-colour or light brown. a\ Round the eye a ring of whitish or buff feathers. a". Lores fulvous; throat only a little paler fawn-colour than the breast; ear- coverts rufous brown, with fulvous shaft-streaks ' meyarhynchu.% p. 205. * Type P. vitiensis. 29 4 PIUONOHD.K. //'. Lores wliitisli; throat white, in contrast to the breast. a'". Over the eye a distinct white eyebrow ; under surface very pale buff; under tail-coverts whitish parvuhis, p. 296 b'". No distinct eyebrow; under tail- coverts deep fawn-colour, like the rest of the breast riific/aster, p. 290. b\ No light ring* of feathers round the eye; underneath ashy or olivaceous brown .. affinis, p. 297. b. Bill black, sometimes lighter at the base. c\ Throat and breast brownish white, yellower towards the abdomen and on the sides of the breast melanorhynchas, p. 298. d'. Throat and breast dark brown. {)5 rently: thus M. inaerorlufnvhw scorns io be the only species really distinguishable from 21. viticusis, of which all the others are representative forms, differing only in the size of bill 1. Pillarolestes megarhynchus. Muscieapa rnegaihyncha, Quay et Gaim. Voy. Astral Zool. i. p. 17:2, pi. 3. fig. 1. Myialestes megarhynchus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 358; Gray, Cat. Mamm. $c. K. Gum. p. 34; Meyer, SB. Akad. Wicn, lxix. p. 208. Myiolestes pruensis, Gray, P. Z. S. 18(58, p. 180. Colluricincla megarhyncha, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 386; Salvad. Ann. litis. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 773. Adult male (Dorey: Wallace). General colour above olivaceous brown, duller on the head; wing-coverts olivaceous brown, the greater series, primary-coverts, and primaries externally edged with tawny brown, the inner secondaries entirely dull tawny brown on their outer webs; upper tail-coverts and tail dull rufous brown, the outermost externally tawny brown; lores and a very indistinct eyebrow dull rufous; feathers in front of the eye dusky greyish; ear- coverts dusky rufous brown; cheeks dull tawny rufous, with black shaft-lines ; rest of under surface of body deep tawny buff, washed with brown on the sides of the body, the throat paler and more of an ashy whitish colour, washed with tawny, the latter colour deepening on the fore neck, the latter, as well as the lower throat, being longitudinally streaked with dusky brown ; under wing-coverts deep tawny buff like the breast; quills ashy brown below, margined with tawny on the inner webs; " bill dull brown; feet dull leadcolour ; iris chestnut-brown " (D'Alleriis). Total length 8 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 3-65, tail 3*1, tarsus 1. Obs. The late Mr. G. II. Gray separated the Aru birds as a distinct species, Myiolestes antensis; but from an examination of his types, I must say that I fail to rind any valid reasons for so doing. The females appear to be rather smaller, as will be seen by the fol lowing measurements:— Total length. Culmen. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. in. in. in. in. in. a. <$. Bovey (Wallace) 8 0-8 3'65 3-1 1-0 j8. <$. Aru Islands (Wallace).. 7-7 0-8 3-6 3*2 TO y. P. Am Islands (Wallace).. 7S OS 3-3 3-0 0'&*> d. <$. UYSOI (Wallace) 7-6 0-9 3*85 3-15 0*95 e. $. Mysol (Wallace) 7-3 0'9 3-45 2-9 TO Hal. New Guinea and adjacent islands. a. Ad. sk. [New Guinea.] Zoological Society. b. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Purchased. c. Juv. (?) sk. Salwatti. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.\ d. Ad. sk. Dorey, N. G. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.\ e. S ad. sk. Dorey, N. G. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0/ . f< "', wing 3" 4'", tail 3", tarse 10'", bill 12'". In coloration it closely resembles M. maerorhynchus, but is rather redder in general tint, and has the broad whitish tips to the tail-feathers found in M. vitiensis" (E. L. La yard.) lid). Island of Kandavu, Fiji group. 10. Pinarolestes macrorhynclms. Myiolestes maerorhynchus, Layard, Ibis, 1876, pp. 145, 392. Adult male. Very like P. vitiensis, but with a larger bill, and not haying the white spot at the tips of the outer tail-feathers, which are only slightly paler at their ends; rufous edgings to the wings also rather darker than in the foregoing bird; "bill black; legs blue; iris brown" (E. L. Layard). Total length 7*4 inches, culmen -95, wing 3-7, tail 3*35, tarsus *85. Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 6*7 inches, culmen -9, wing 3-5, tail 3*0, tarsus -85. Hah. Island of Taviuni, Fiji. «> b. (S 2 ad. sk. N'Gila, Taviuni, August E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.]. 1875. Subsp. a. Pinarolestes maximxis. Myiolestes, sp., Layard, Ibis, 1876, pp. 153, 392. Myiolestes maximus, Layard, Ibis, 1876, p. 498. Adult male. General colour throughout warm brown, clearer and paler below, lightest on the upper throat and vent; flanks slightly rufous; no grey tinge about the lower parts as in M. vitiensis, Hartl., nor is there the slightest trace of the whitish tips to the tail- feathers, which are very indistinctly edged and tipped with rufous; inner and outer webs of wing-primaries the same, but more distinct; bill very large and strongly hooked, black, with the edges of both mandibles and the tip whitish horn-colour; legs bluish. Length 8", wing 4", tail 3" 6'", bill 1" 2'" (breadth 5'"), tarsus 1" 1'". Iris brown. (Layard.) Bah. Island of Kandayu, Fiji group. 11. Pinarolestes nigrogularis. Lalage nigrogularis, Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 149. Myiolestes nigrogularis, Finseh, P. Z. S. 1876, p. SO; id. Jouni. Mus. "Godeffr. Heft viii. p. 9. Pachycephala ? nigrogularis, Layard, Ibis, 1876, p. 392. General colour above brown, below cinereous; top of head cine 302 PBIONOPID-E. reous—each feather having a pale edge, presents a slightly scaled appearance ; wing-feathers brown, inner webs darkest, onter feathers slightly tinged with greenish yellow on the outer edge; tail-feathers in strong light closely barred; covering the nostrils is a patch of black extending into a broadish eyebrow; this coalesces with the black of the throat behind the ear, which is covered by a large white patch; above the black eyebrow a faint whitish streak; chin and upper portion of throat black, this separated from the cinereous of the underparts by a broken irregular white band; vent and under tail-coverts whitish tinged with isabella colour; underside of wing- and tail-feathers paler than the upper, the latter much paler at the tips; upper edge of the wing inside deep black; axillaries whitish; bill and legs blue, changing into black after death; iris brown. Length 8", wing 4" 1"', tail 3" 9'", tarse 1" 1'", bill 1" 2'". {Layarcl.) Hah. Islands of Ovalau, Taviuni, and Yiti Levu, Fiji group. 11. CUPHOPTERUS. Type. Cuphopterus, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 326 C. dohrni Claw and. head of Cuphopterus clohrni. Range. W. Africa, Prince's Island and Gaboon. Cuphopterus dohrni. Cuphopterus dohrni, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 326, pi. xxxiv.; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 42. Tephrodornis dohrni, Gray, Hand-l. JB. i. p. 395. Adult female. General colour above deep chocolate-brown, the lower hack and rump washed with olive; ear-coverts and lores rather darker brown than the head; wings brown like the back, the primaries margined with ashy white; tail deep brown, slightly washed with ashy on the margins of the feathers; cheeks, throat, and underparts white, slightly washed with yellow on the breast; across the fore neck a band of ashy brown; flanks olive-brown, forming a broad lateral stripe; sides of body silky white ; thighs olive-brown ; under tail-coverts white, with brown bases; wing-coverts white, the latter with a small spot of brown near the outer edge of the greater series; quills brown below, white along the inner web; hill brownish, the lower mandible paler; feet brownish; iris dull chest 12. FRASERIA. 3Q3 nut. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-75 tail 2-7 tarsus 0-95. D ' ' Male. Similar to the female (Dohrn). Hab. The same as that of the genus. a. J ad sk. Prince's Island. Dr. A. Dohrn rC.l K Ti' *}• Prince's Island. Dr. A. Dohrn I CI. Ad' sk c' Gaboon. M. Verreaux. 12. FRASERIA. T ^ Fraseria, ^p. C. -R. xxxix. p. 53G (1854) F. ochreata. Lucnemidia, Heine, J.f. 0. I860, p. 134 F. ochreata. Claw and head of Eraserla ochreata. Range. Confined to Africa. Key to the Species. a. Grey above, with no white spot in front of the eye ochreata, p. 303. b. Grey above; in front of the eye a conspicuous white tuft of plumes over the loral region cinei-ascens, p. 304. 1. Fraseria ochreata. Tephrodornis ochreatus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1844, p. 102; Allen, JExp. Niger, ii. p. 489; Fraser, Zooloqia Ti/p. pi. 36; Bp. Consp. i. p. 358; Hartl. J.f O. 1855, p. 3tf0; Gray, Haml-l. B. i. p. 394. Fraseria ochreata, Bp. C. R. xxxix. p. 53(5; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 102; id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 171; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 62 j id. Ibis, 1872, p. 71; Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marchefyc, p. 20. Eucnemidia ochreata, Heine, J.f.O. 1860, p. 134. Adult (type of species). Above ashy grey, darker and rather browner on the head, the ear-coverts decidedly browner; wings dusky brown, externally washed with ashy grey like the back, clearer on the primaries; tail also dusky brown, washed on the outer webs with grey; cheeks and underparts white, with a few dusky grey margins to the feathers, very distinct on the sides of the neck and chest, and gradually disappearing on the breast; the flanks rather washed with grey; abdomen and under tail-coverts white; thighs greyish, the feathers margined with white; under wing-coverts grey, broadly edged with'white ; bill and legs (in skin) dark horn-brown. Total"length 6*5 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*6, tail 2-85, tarsus 0-9. Obs. Immature birds generally have some tinge of ochraceous 304 PKIONOPIDJE. colour on the breast, and remains of fulvous tips to the wing- coverts; the amount of barring on the breast varies very much, some of the individuals being thickly clouded with bars, others having them very thinly distributed; younger birds appear to have the flanks more or less distinctly barred with grey. Mab. West Africa, from the Gold Coast to Gaboon and Fernando Po. a. Ad. sk. Fernando Po. Louis Fraser, Esq. [0.]. Type of species. b. Ad., c. Imm. sk. Ashantee. J. Gould, Esq. d. Ad. sk. Fantee ( Governor Ussher). R B. Sharpe, Esq. e. Ad. sk. Fantee (Aubinn). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. /. Ad. sk. Wassaw, July 1872 (H. T. K, B. Sharpe, Esq. Blissett). g. 1mm. sk. Accra (Capt. Haynes). R B. Sharpe, Esq. h. Ad. sk. Gaboon (R. B. N. Walker). R B. Sharpe, Esq. i. Imm. sk. Gaboon (P. B. Die Chaillu). R B. Sharpe, Esq. h. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Du Chaillu [0.]. /. Imm. sk. Fernand Vaz. M. A. Marche [O.J. 2. Fraseria cinerascens. Fraseria cinerascens, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 102 (ex Temm. 31S. in Mils. Lugd.) ; Cass. Br. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51; Reich. J. f. O. 1874, p. 27 ; BouvieTj Cut Ois. Marche tyc, p. 21. Tephrodornis cinerascens, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 394. Adult. Above deep slaty grey, the head blacker, especially the forehead, lores, and feathers below the eye; in front of the latter, and situated above the lores, a conspicuous little spot of silky white plumes; wings and tail dusky brown, washed with slaty grey; cheeks and under surface of body pure white, thickly mottled with slaty grey margins to the feathers, becoming less distinct towards the abdomen and under tail-coverts, which are pure white; sides of breast and flanks nearly uniform grey; thighs grey, the plumes edged with white; under wing-coverts white, with grey bases to the feathers ; bill black (in skin); legs horn-brown. Total length 6*2 inches, culm en 0*7, wing 3*25, tail 2*95, tarsus 0*75. Young. Brown instead of dark grey, mottled with ochraceous spots on the back, very distinct on the wing-coverts, less so on the crown, the upper tail-coverts mesially streaked with rufous, the quills also edged with ochraceous or pale rufous; underneath white, the breast pale fawn-colour or ochraceous, with greyish edgings to the feathers, producing a mottled appearance; ear-coverts dusky, streaked with pale rufous. Hob. West Africa, from Guinea to Gaboon. a. Ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased. b. Ad. sk. Ogowe river. MM. Marche et De Oompiegne [0.1. c. $ juv. sk. Gaboon. M. Du Chaillu [C.]. d. Juv. sk. Gaboon (Du Chaillu). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 13. HEMIPUS. 305 ' 13. HEMIPUS. Type. Ilemipus, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32 II. capitalis. Myiolestes, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 67 (I860) II. obsciirus. Cabanisia, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 536 (1854) ' II. obscurus. Bill and foot of Hemipus obscurus. Range. India and Ceylon; Burmah; Malayan peninsula and islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. Key to the Species. a. Without any longitudinal white bar down the wing; tail black, not tipped with white, the outer feather narrowly margined with white along the outer web. obscurus, p. 305. b. With a longitudinal bar down the wing caused by the white edgings to the inner secondaries; tail black, the outer feathers broadly tipped with white. a'. White tips to the outer tail-feathers very large, occupying the terminal half of the feather capitalis, p. 306. b'. White tips to the outer tail-feathers very small, occupying not more than one fifth of the feather, picatus, p. 307. 1. Hemipus obscurus. Muscicapa ohscura, Ilorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 146 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 263. Lanius no. 12, Raffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 308. Obscure Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Hist. vi. p. 265. Muscicapa hirundinacea, Temm. PL Col. 119: llorsf. Zool. Researches in Java, pi. 39. Hemipus obscurus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 305; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. 8,B. p. 154; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 136; Jerd. B. Ind, i. p. 413; Blyth Sf Walden, B. Burm. p. 122; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 20. Tephrodornis obscura, Gray, Gen. B. App. p, 13; Pelz. Reis. Novara, Vbg. pp. 83, 161. Tephrodornis hirundinaceus, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 284; Bp. Consp. i. p. 357; Bernst. J. f. O. 1859, p. 244; Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 217. Myiolestes obscurus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 67. Cabanisia hirundinacea, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 536. Adult male. Above glossy greenish black, inclining to steel-green on the bead and neck ; plumes of lower back black, broadly tipped with pure white where they adjoin the rump, which is pure white ; PRIOtfOPEDiE. upper tail-coverts greenish black; tail-feathers black, glossed with greenish, the outermost feather edged on either web with a narrow line of white; wing-coverts greenish black; quills black, washed externally with greenish, more especially on the secondaries; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts greenish black ; cheeks, sides of neck and entire throat pure white, breast pinkish ashy; rest of under surface with the under wing- and tail-coverts pure white, the flanks very slightly washed with greyish; thighs whitish; " bill and feet shining black; iris brownish black * (Everett). Total length 5-4 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-6, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-5. Adult female. Everywhere brownish where the male is black, the head with a slight greenish gloss, ear-coverts darker; wing-coverts with a slight greenish gloss; quills and tail brown, the inner secondaries narrowly edged with ashy brown; underneath dull white, with a pinkish grey shade on the breast. Total length 5o inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2*6, tail 2-3, tarsus Oa. Hub. Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Malacca, ranging into Tenasserim. a. 3 ad. sk. Java. Purchased. b, c. 3 2 ad. sk. Java. Purchased. d e. d 9 ad. sk. Java (Br. Horsfield). Secretary of State for India [P.], /, g. J $ ad. sk. E. Java. . A. R. Wallace, Esq. k, i. S $ ad. sk. Malacca. W. Harvey. Esq. [P.J. h. r? iuv. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, JBeq. [C.]. /. c? ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CO rn, n. S $ ad., o. Juv. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. fC.j. p. 9 ad. sk. Sibu, Sarawak. Alfred Everett, Esq. rc.i a. $ ad. sk. Bintulu. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.]. 2. Heniipus capitalis. Muscicapa capitalis, McClell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 157. Heinipus picaecolor, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 184*5, p. 33. Hemipus picatus {nee Sykes), Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. Nepal Hodgs. p. 93; Horsf. 8c Moore, Cat. B. Mm. B.I. Co. i. p. 136 (pt.); Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 323; Blyth % Wald. B. Bttrm. p. 122. Hemipus capitalis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 1-W; Bp. CQWUK i. p. 317 j Godic.-Aust. J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 99; Jerd. Ibu, 1872, p. 116. r Adult male. General colour above brown, tbe lower back with an indistinct white bar across it, caused by tbe feathers being white with brown snbterminal bars; rump pure white; upper tail-coverts glossy black, some of the outer ones with tiny white tips; head and nape glossy greenish black ; chin and cheeks white; throat, breast, and sides of body drab-brown, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white; thighs brown; under wing-coverts white; wing-eoverts glossy greenish black, the least series washed with the same brown as the back, the median and greater series broadly edged with white, 13. HEMIPUS. 307 fornung a Wing-bar; quills black, the secondaries externally marpnea mth white, m continuation of the bar formed by the coverts; tail glossy black, all but the two centre feathers tipped with white, increasing very much in extent towards the outermost, which are eaged with white along the outer web for all but the basal third; black ; iris i r 5S sienna-yellow. Total length 5-3 inches, culmen 0-6, wmg 2-5, tail 2-55, tarsus 0-55 (Nepal). Adult female. Differs from the male in having the head brown, only a little darker than the back; wings brown; tail blackish brown ; the markings on both these exactly as in the male. Total length 5-3 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-5, tail 2'(5, tarsus 0-55 (Nepal). Mange. Himalaya Mountains, ranging into Burmah. a. £ ad. sk. Himalava Mountains. o, c, d, e. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. /, g. Ad., k, i. Jun. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. k. s and quills dark brown, externally edged with light fawn-colour, paler on the secondaries; upper tail-coverts rather more rufebcent than the back ; tail brown; lores buffy wbito ; in front of the eye a dusky spot; round the eye a ring of buffy white feathers, and above the ear- coverts a slight streak of whitish feathers ; ear-coverts light brown, with obsolete lighter shaft-streaks; cheeks and throat dull white, as also the rest of the under surface, the breast slightly washed with isabelline, the flanks rather browner; under wing-coverts whitish ; quills light brown, edged with fulvous along the inner web; u bill and legs black; iris dark hazel" (T. K BucMeij). Total length 6*9 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3*35, tail 3-15, tarsus 0*9. Young. Brown, mottled with longitudinal streaks down the feathers, widening into a rather broad spot at the tip, very distinct on the wing-coverts; under surface of the body dull whitish, the feathers mottled with brown edges. Hub. South Africa. a, 5, c.Ad.sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [O.]. (Types of species.) d. Juv. sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [0.1. e. Ad.,/. Juv.sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [P. |. g. Ad.'sk. South Africa. Massena Collection. p. 267) from a statement of Sir A. Smith's in the description of B. mariquensis, that he believed in another species " a little larger." The bird so determined by Gray (Mela>7torni$ major, Gray, Hand-1. B. ii. p. 288) in Saxicola infuscata, which resembles the immature of B, mariquensis in its mottled plumage. BRADYORNIS MINOR. Bradyornis variegatus, Heagl. %st Uebcrs. p 32 (deser, nulla). Bradyornis minor, Heitgl. Orn. K- 0. Afr. p. 430. Young. Above dusky smoky brown, the head streaked with buffy white; neck, interscapulary region, and wing-coverts varied in the same manner and spotted; the white colour on the wing-coverts somewhat washed with rufous buff, marked with a triangular spot of this colour at the tip of the feathers; the outer margin of the first primary pure white; under surface of body whitish, partly washed with fulvous; the cheeks, neck, breast, and flanks streaked with dusky; under wing-coverts, vent, and centre of the abdomen pure white, unspotted; bill and feet dusky plumbeous; iris umber-brown. Total length 5'3 inches, culmen 5J, wing 2'8£, tail 2*1, tarsus 8*8. {Heuglin.) Hab. Bari-Negro Land. Obs. Dr. Von Heuglin only procured a young bird of this species, which is evidently, as he points out, not allied to B. pallidas, but to B. mariquensis, which it resembles in its white under wing-coverts. It is impossible to give the species a place in the synoptic table from a comparison of the immature plumage. PR10NOPID.E. 310 2. Bradyornis pallidas*. Muscicapa pallida, Von Mailer, Nmm. 1855 p. 28 'rid.Bmtr. Orn AfrikyiS; Heugl Syst. TJebers. p. 32; id Jf O. l^M p. 257. Bradyomis pallidas, Finsch £ EariL Vog. Ostafr. p. 32'2, note; Jfei^J. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 428. _ Metenornis pallida, Oay, fliz/wW £- m-P- »"; .,... -, Bradyomis subalaris, S&fl/ye, P. £• & 1873, p. 313, pL lvui. %. L .4(ZuZ*. General colour above light brown; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, externally margined with paler brown, inclining to whity brown on the secondaries; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with lighter brown; lores isabelline white; round the eye a ring of isabelline feathers ; ear-coverts light brown ; fore part of cheeks and throat dull white; breast and sides of body light fawn-buff, paler and more of an isabelline whitish on the centre of the body; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner lining of quills deeper fawn-buff; bill dark brown in skin, lighter at the base of the lower mandible; feet blackish brown in skin. Total length 0-9 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-45, tail 3*25, tarsus 0-8. Obs. A re-examination of the skins induces me to unite my Bradyomis subalaris with B. pallidas, as it appears to be a small race only of the latter. B. rnodestus also differs very little from the last- named bird, but may be a distinct species, depending on the characters given in the synoptic table. Eab. North-eastern and Eastern Africa. a. Ad. sk. Bogos Land. Mr. Eder [C.]. b. Ad. sk. Mombas {Wakefield). R. R Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. (Type of B. subularis. 3. Bradyomis rnodestus. Bradyomis rnodestus, Shelley, Ibis, 1873, p. 140. Adult (type of species). General colour above clear brown, very * BBADYORHIS MURlWr/S. Bradyomis murinus, Hartl. $' Finsch, Vog. Ostafr. p. 866. Adult male. Above earthy brown or fawn greyish ; wings dark brown, slightly edged with rufous brown along the outer web, for the basal half of the inner web clearer and broader reddish fawn; secondary-coverts externally edged with pale reddish fawn ; from the base of the nostrils above the lures to the eye an indistinct reddish white streak, the eye surrounded with an ill-defined ring of the same; in front of the eye on the lores an obsolete du*ky spot; region of the ear reddish-fawn brown, like the sides of the neck, crop, breast, and side*; under wing-coverts clearer reddish isabelline fawn- Hypocolius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 420 (1850) H. ampelinus. Wing of Hypocolius ampelinus. Range. North-eastern Africa. Sindh. 1. Hypocolius ampelinus. Hypocolius ampelinus, Bp, Consp. Av. i. p. 420; Heuyl. Ibis, 1 868, p. 181, pi. v. ; id. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 420. no. 364, cxi.; Salvad. Ibis, 1870, p. 539; Blcmf. Ibis] 3876, p. 388; ScL I\ Z. S. 1875, p. 633; Blanf. Sir. F. 1875, p. 358 ; jlwne, t. c. p. 416. Ceblepyris isabellina, Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 32. no. 308. Lanius ampelinus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 392. no. 5962. Adult. General colour above ashy grey, slightly washed with creamy buff on the rump; head crested, deep isabelline, greyer on the crown ; a narrow line of black running from the nostrils along the base of the bill and joining the feathers in front of the eye, which are also black; ear-coverts and a nuchal band black, shaded with grey, the hinder neck rather darker grey; wing-coverts drab- grey, like the back, bastard wing and primary-coverts ashy brown, the latter washed with clearer grey near the base and on the outer web; quills black, white towards their tips, shaded with brown at their extreme ends, the secondaries ashy grey like the back, the outer ones blackish on the inner webs; tail grey, with a broad black tip; cheeks and throat creamy isabelline, breast and sides of body ashy grey, the abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts pale creamy isabelline, the vent whitish; under wing-coverts isabelline buff; "bill horn-coloured, dusky towards the tip; legs flesh-coloured" (Blanford). Total length 8*7 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*95, tail 4-45, tarsus 0*95. Adult female. Slightly smaller, olivascent greyish isabelline; the head, the eyebrows, and the lores duller; no black on the face or nape; the primaries externally margined with pale dusky grey, with an abrupt and conspicuous white apical margin; the black colour at the tip of the tail less distinct; under wing-coverts pale and dull isabelline. ( Von Heuglin.) 17. PLATYLOPHUS. 317 Young. Like the female, but duller in tint; the quills nearly uniform, only slightly blackish at the tips, and not margined with white. (Von. Jlear/Un.) Hal. The samo as that of the gcnns. a> Ad. sk. White Nile. M. Verroaux. 17. PLATYLOPHUS. Type. Platylophus, Sivains. in Faun. Bor.-Am, p. 482 (1831). P. galericulatus. Lophocitta, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 50 (1841) P. galericulatus. Range. Malayan peninsula, from Province Wellesley southwards; Sumatra; Java; Borneo. Key to the Species, a. Jet-black all over, the mantle and lower parts included galericulatus, p. 317. b. Slaty black, the back inclining to olive-brown; breast and abdomen slaty grey ardesiacus, p. 318. c Rufous brown in colour, both above and below .. coronatus, p. 318. 1. Platylophus galericulatus. Le Geai noir a collier blanc, Levaill. Ois. tie Paradis, i. p. 124, pi. 42. Garrulus galericulatus, Cuvier, Reqne An. 1817, vol. i. p. 399; Schl. Mus. P.-B. Coraces, p. 66. Lanius scapulatus, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 49. Pica galericulata, Wagler, Syst. Av. Pica, sp. 22. Vanga cristata, Griffith, An. Kingd. Birds, pi. to p. 486. Platylophus galericulatus, Swains, in Faun. Bor.-Am. Birds, p. 482; Horsf. Sf Moore, Oat. B. ii. p. 574 (excl. svn.); Cab. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 309; Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 2. Lophocitta galericulata, Gray, List Gen. B. 1841, p. 50; id. Gen. B. ii. p. 305, pi. 74. fig. 5; Bp. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 79; id. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 374 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 218. Lophocitta scapulata, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 9. Adult. General colour above .and below black, the wings somewhat browner; the tail black, with wavy cross markings under certain lights; head with an enormous crest, nearly three inches long; above and below the hinder part of the eye a small white spot; on each side of the neck a broad white patch, forming a demicollar, interrupted by the black of the -neck; under wing-coverts black, some of the feathers margined with white ; bill and legs black. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 5*6, tail 5*3, tarsus 1*3. Hah. Java. a. Ad. sk. West Java, 1863. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.] 2. Platylophus ardesiacus. Lophocitta galericulata, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 571 (nee Cuv.); id. Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B. p. 94; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 446; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 325; Walden, Ibis, 1871, p. 175. . 318 PRION 0 PI DJE. Lopliocitta ardesiaca, Cab. Mus. Heiri. Th. i. p. 210 j Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 374. Platyloplius ardesiacus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1806, p. 309; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 2. Platyloplius malaccensis, Cab. J. f. O. 18GG, p. 310 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 2. Adult male. General colour dark slaty grey, the back and wings distinctly -washed with olive-brown; head and neck all round black, including the long crest-feathers; a small spot of feathers above and below the hinder part of the eye white ; a longitudinal patch down the sides of the neck also white, the feathers of the neck immediately behind the white patch also black; throat black; the rest of the under surface slaty grey, as also the under wing-coverts, some of the latter being margined with white; lower surface of quills ashy brown, much paler near the base of the inner webs, which are also narrowly edged with rufous towards the tips; bill and legs black. Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 5-6, tail 4-95, tarsus 1*3. Young. Much paler and browner than the adult, the forehead greyish; lores whitish; the white feathers behind the eye and on the neck-patch narrowly margined with blackish; wings reddish brown, the coverts tipped with fulvous, the secondaries also lighter- tipped ; under surface of body slaty grey, all the feathers broadly barred and tipped with white; the under tail-coverts more reddish brown, and having obsolete white tips. KB . The disappearance of the whitish margins to the breast-feathers, and of the fulvous tips to the wing-feathers, seems to be effected gradually without a moult. Hab. Malayan peninsula. a. Ad. sk. ? Purchased. b. S jnv. sk. Malacca. Dr. Cantor [C.]. c. Jim. sk Malacca. Dr. Cantor [C.]. d. Ad. sk. Malacca. W. Harvev, Esq. [P.]. e. Juv. sk. Malacca. W. Harvev, Esq. [P.J. /. S ad. sk. Malacca. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [P.], 3. Platylophus coronatus. Lanius coronatus, Raffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 300. Vanga coronata, Vigors, Mem. Raffl. p. 658. Lopliocitta histrionica, Bp. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 79 (ex Mull. MS. in Mus. Lugd.); id. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 374. Lophocitta coronata, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 219. Garruius histrionicus, ScJil, Handl. Dierk. i. p. 327. Garrulus rufulus, ScM. Handl Dierk. i. p. 327 (ex Temm. MS. in Mus. Lugd.); id, Mus. P.-B. Coraces, p. 66. Platyloplius coronatus, Cab. J. f. O. 1866, p. 309; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 2; Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 280 j Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 107. Adult. General colour above rufous brown, the head also of this colour, but rather lighter than the back; two long feathers in the centre of the crest elongated and spatulate, black; side of the face 18. PRIONOPS. 319 rufous brown, rather washed with blackish; above and below the hinder part of the eye a small white spot; a largo gatch of white on the sides of the neck, the foathers immediately behind it black; wings rufous brown like the back, all the feathers, both of the coverts and quills, blackish; upper tail-coverts slaty black washed with rufous brown; tail slaty black; entire under surface of body bright rufous brown; vent, thighs, under wing- and tail-coverts slaty grey; bill and legs blackish. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 5*25, tail 5-15, tarsus 1*25. Young. Similar to the adult, but rather more dingy; wing-coverts and secondaries tipped with pale rufous buff; sides of face and throat greyish, barred with dull rufous, as also the upper breast; tho rest of the under surface slaty grey washed with rufous brown; outer tail-feathers tipped with white; bill light yellowish horncolour. Hah. Sumatra and Southern Borneo. a, b. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased. c. J jun. sk. d, e. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Sumatra. • A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 18. PRIONOPS. Type Prionops, Vieill. N. Diet cTHist. Nat iii. p. 145 (1816).. P. plumatus. Head of Prionops plumatus Range. Confined to Africa. Key to the Species. a, Head grey, surmounted by a crest of white overshadowing the crown ; throat white. a'. Crest enormous, composed of Ion": plumes, reaching, when depressed, as far as the mantle?! plumatus, p. / 32 0 PRIONOPID^J. b'. Crest smaller and composed of hair-like plumes not reaching beyond the nape poliocephalus, p. 31. /;. Head grey, the frontal plumes rigid but not elongated back to any extent; chin white, with grey edgings to the feathers talacoma, p. 321. 1. Prionops plnmatus. Le Geoflrov, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. pis. 80, 81; Sund. Crii. om Levaill. p. 33. Lanius plumatus, Shaw, Gen, Zool. vii, pt. 2. p. 292 (ex Levaill.). Prionops geoffroyi, Vieill. N. Diet. iii. p. 145 (ex Levaill.) ; id. Gal. Ois. pi. 142. Prionops plumatus, Swains. B. W. Afr. i. p. 246, pi. xxvi.; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 292; Cab. Mm. Bein. i. p. 68; Bp. Consp. i. p. 359 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 107; Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. i. p. 138; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 395 ; Skarpe, Cat, Afr. B. p. 49; Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche $c. p. 21. Nestling. Head all round, a very slight crest, and under parts snowy white; back light brown, the feathers margined with greyish white ; wing-coverts also pale brown, the inner, median, and greater coverts white with brown bases, quills black, with a slight greenish gloss; all the primaries with a broad bar of white on the inner web, the inner secondaries narrowly edged with white towards the tip; tail greenish black, tipped with white, more broadly towards the outermost, which is entirely pure white. Adult. Head white, with an enormous crest, the loral and frontal plumes erect and recurved over the nostrils, and behind this smaller crest a large one of long white plumes, extending, when at rest, as far as the mantle; above and below the eye a large wattle, yellow in skin but probably red in life; ear-coverts, sides of neck, and nape inclining to slaty grey; hind neck white, forming a collar; entire back glossy black, some of the outer upper tail-covcrts tipped with white on their outer web; wings black, the median and inner greater coverts pure white, as also the outer webs of the middle secondaries, forming a bar down the wing, the rest of the secondaries tipped with white, the primaries broadly barred with white on their inner web; tail greenish black, the feathers tipped with white, the tips being gradually broader towrards the outer feathers, the outermost being entirely pure white, excepting a small patch of brown at the base of the inner web ; entire under surface of body pure white, the flanks somewhat greyish streaked with white; under wing-coverts black. Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 4*65, tail 4*05, tarsus 0*95. Hab. "West Africa. a. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone. b. Juv. st. c. Ad., d. Juv. sk. e. c? ad. sk. /. Pull, st, g. Ad. sk. River Gambia. River Gambia. Senegal. Senegal. W. Africa. Governor Rendall [O.]. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. Purchased. Purchased. 18. PRIONOPS. :&i 2. Priouops polioceplialus. Lanius polioceplialus, Stanley, in Salt's Trav. Abyss. Appon. p. 50. Prionops cristatus, Riipp. Faun. Abyss, p. 30, pi. 12, %, 2 j north. Naam. 1852, p. 48; Ileagl. Syst.' Uebers. p. 34. Prionops geofFrou, Des Murs,inLefebure Voy. Abyss. Zool. p. 08 (nee Vieill.). Prionops concinnatus, Sundev. Oefo. K. Vet. Akad. Fork Stockh. 1850, p. 130. Prionops polioceplialus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 202; Riipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 62; Bp. Comp. i. p. 350; Cab. Mm. Hem. i. p. 08: Ilartl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 105 ; Sol P. Z. S. 1864, p. 100; Antln. Cat. deseritt Uce. p. 53; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 454; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 305; Antin. ty Salvad. Ueo. Bogos, p. 81. Adult male. Back black, with a greenish gloss, the outer upper tail-coverts white on their outer web; wings black like the back, with a broad longitudinal bar of white formed by the inner median and greater coverts and the outer webs of the middle secondaries, the rest of the secondaries tipped with white, the primaries with a broad white band across the inner web; tail greenish black, tipped with white, which increases gradually towards the outermost, this being entirely white with a black base to its inner web ; lores and frontal plumes recurved and hiding the nostrils; fore part of head crested, but the plumage stiff, and not extending beyond the nape; sides of face white; crown of head dark pearly grey; hind neck white, forming a collar; entire under surface of body white, the Hanks mixed with grey; under wing-coverts black, as also are a few feathers at the sides of the upper breast; " bill black; eye- wattle sulphur-yellow; feet vermilion; iris pearly" (HewjUn). Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 4-55, tail 3*0, tarsus 0*95. Hob. JN"orth-eastern Africa. a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Dr. Riippell [CJ. b. Z. & 1876, p. 094, pi. lxvi. Page 44. Corone orra, Since the account of this bird was written the Museum has obtained, by exchange, from the Darmstadt Museum, one of the specimens described by Dr. Briiggemann as G. anneetens. It is a large Crow of the C. enca type, but distinguished by its greater size and by the more pronounced lanceolations on the throat, produced by the splitting up of the ends of the feathers. The Marquis of Tweeddale, who has seen the specimen, identifies it as true 0. vallda; but I consider that it is undistinguishable from Q. orru, to which its measurements (total length 17-2 inches, oilmen 2*75, wing 13*05, tail 6*7, tarsus 2-2) ally it. Dr. Briiggemann has established the existence of a second species of Crow in the island of Celebes, a very interesting fact. The following specimen is therefore to be added:— a. § ad. sk. Gorontalo (ScJineider). Darmstadt Museum [E.]. Page 60. Pica leucoptera. Add the following:— a. $ ad. sk. Kashgor, Feb. 16, 1874. Capt. J. Biddulph [C.]. Page 148. For Pyrrhocorax alpiaus read Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. Page 151. Podoces biddulpM. Add:— a, P ad. sk. Maralbahhi, Jan. 10,1874. rapt. T. Biddulph [C.l. (Type of speciet./ 328 APPENDIX. », , Page 183. Manuco&ia comrii Sckter, P. Z, 8. 1877, p. 43. Page 224. Sphecotheres maxillaris. * In description of adult female, for S.fiavlgaster readS.Jtavivetitris. Page 298. Pinarolestes melanorhynclms. The following is a description of the type specimen recently lent to me by Dr. Meyer:— Adult male (type of species). General colour above of an olive- brown, with somewhat of a greenish cast, more especially on the head and nape; wings reddish brown, the least wing-coverts slightly washed with olive, the primary-coverts dusky, externally olivaceous; quills dark brown, the primaries tawny on the outer web, the secondaries externally chestnut, the innermost olivaceous on their inner webs• tail rufous olive ; lores and feathers in front of the eye fulvous, as also a ring of plumes round the latter • over the eye an indistinct shade of buff; ear-coverts fulvous brown, with narrow shaft-lines of a light colour; cheeks and under surface of body yellowish buff, more distinctly yellow on the lowrer abdomen and under tail-coverts, the flanks rather more tawny, and the sides of the upper breast shaded with brown'; under wing-coverts yellowish buff, the quills brown below, with paler edges of rufous buff along the inner web; bill black, brown towards the base of the lower mandible. Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 3-6, tail 2-5, tarsus 1. (Mus. Dresden.) Page 299. Pinarolestes obscurus. Dr. Meyer having kindly forwarded me the typical specimen for examination, I give a detailed description :— Adult male (type of species). General colour above dull ashy brown with a distinct olivaceous shade, the head and neck greyer; least wing-coverts like the back; remainder of the wing-coverts brown shaded with olive, especially on the primary-coverts, which are darker; quills dark brown, externally olivaceous brown, the innermost entirely of the latter colour; tail clearer brown, slightly washed with olive; lores ashy • sides of face brown, like the head; under surface of body dingy grey, somewhat shaded with olive, especially on the chest, the flanks decidedly olivaceous; centre of the breast clearer grey, dull whitish on the centre of the abdomen; under wing-coverts pale fulvous, the quills dusky brown below, pale rufous buff along their inner webs ; bill black. Total length 7*4 inches, culmen 09, wing 3*55, tail 3, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. Dresden.) ALPHABETICAL INDEX. acanthylis (Seleucides), 159. acrorhynchus (Broderipus), 203. acrorhynchus (Oriolus), 203,205. aculeatus (Dicrurus), 248. acuticaudatus (Lanius), 75. acutirostms (Heteralocha), 143. acutirostris(lS'eom.orpha), 143. advena (Corvus), 9, 47. senea (Chaptia), 243. seneus (Dicrurus), 243. aeneus (Entomoletes), 243. seneus (Prepopterus), 243, seratus (Dicrurus), 243. seratus (Edolius), 243. afer (Corvus), 75,247. affinis (Colluricincla), 297. affinis (Corax), 46. affinis (Corvus), 46. affinis (Cyanocorax), 121. affinis (Cyanurus), 121. affinis (Dissemurus), 259, 263. affinis (Edolius), 231, 259. affinis (Mimeta), 188. affinis (Myiolestes), 297. affinis (Oriolus), 188. affinis (Pinarolestes), 297. affinis (Bhinocorax), 46. affinis (Tephrodornis), 276. agricola (Corvus), 9. agrorum (Corvus), 9. alba (Nematophora), 159. alba (Paradisea), 159. alba (Seleucides), 159. alberti (Ptilorhis), 156. albertisi (Drepanophorue), 160. VOL. Ill, albertisi (Drepanornis), 160. albicapilla (Pica), 122. albicapilla (Urocissa), 70. albicapillus (Psilorhinus), 70. albieollis (Arehicorax), 24. albieollis (Corvultur), 24. albieollis (Corvus), 24, 25. albirictus (Buchanga), 246. albirictus (Dicrurus), 246. albiventris (Pica), 62. alfirostris (Crypsirhina), 78. alfirostris (Temnurus), 78. albus (Epirnacbus), 159. alpestris (Nucifraga), 53. alpinus (Pyrrhocorax), 148. Amblycorax, 30. amboinensis (Ohibia), 239. amboinensis (Dicrurus), 239. amerieana (Corone), 34. americanus (Corvus), 34, 35, 49. americanus, yar. floridanus (Corvus), 35. ampelinus (Hypocolius), 316. ampelinus (Lanius), 316, Analcipus, 188. anaphonensis (Barita), 60. anaphonensis (Cracticus), 60. anaphonensis (Gymnorhina), 60. anaphonensis (Strepera), 60. andamanensis (Broderipus), 200. andanianensis (Buchanga), 255. andamanensis (Corvus), 39. andamanensis (Dicrurus), 255. andamanensis (Dissemupoides), 254, 255. andamanensis (Oriolus), 200. anclerssoni (Oriolus), 196. anguitimens (Eurocepkalus), 279, 280. annectens (Buchanga), 231, annectens (Dicrurus), 231. annectens (Edolius), 231. Anomalocorax, 30. Aphelocoma, 112. apoda (Paradisea), 166. apocla, var. wallaciana (Paradisea), 167. arborea (Monedula), 26. Archicorax, 24. ardens (Analcipus), 221. arclens (Oriolus), 221. ardens (Psaropholus), 221. ardesiaca (Lophocitta), 318. arclesiacus (Platylophus), 317, 318. argenligula (Cyanocitta), 128. argenligula (Cyanocorax), 128. , Argurocitta, 137. arguta (Strepera), 59. argutus (Cracticus), 59. araonoi (Aphelocoma), 117. armillata (Cyanocitta), 136. armillata (Santhura), 136. armillata, a. ineridana (Cyanocitta), 136. armillata, y. quindiuna (Cyanocitta), 135. armillatus (Cyanocorax), 136. •i armillatus (Cyanurus), 136. arquata (Nucifraga), 53. arimdinarius (Oriolus), 217. aruensis (Myiolestes), 295. aruensis (Kectes), 285. assimilis (Buchanga), 247. assimilis (Chibia), 239. assimilis (Corvus), 37, 248. t assimilis- (Dicrurus), 239, 248. ^ Asfcrapia, 165. ator (Bradyornis), 314. ater (Epimachus), 179. aterrima (Crypsirhina), 91. aterrima (Grlaucopis), 91. aterrimus (O-laucopis), 91. aterrimus (Platysmurus), 9L aterrimus (Temnurus), 91. atra (Buchanga), 246. atra (Lophorina), 179. atra (Manucodia), 183. atra (Melanornis), 314. atra (Muscieapa), 246. atra (Paradisea), 179. atra (Phonygama), 183. atricapillus (G-arrulus), 97, 98. atripennifl (Dicrurus), 232,233. atrocajrulea (Chibia), 238. atrocajrulea (Dicrurus), 238. atronitens (Melanopepla), 314. atronitens f Melanornis). 314. aurantia (Lophorina), 186. aurantia (Paradisea), 186. aurantiacus (Sericulus), 186. auratus (Oriolus), 195, 196. aurea (Paradisea), 177, 186. aureus (Oriolus), 18Q, 192, 194. aureus (Sericulus), 186. aureus (Xanthomelus). 186. australis (Corcorax), 149. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. australis (Corone), 37. australis (Cornis), 20, 37. australis (Grallina), 272. australis (Sphecotberes), 224. australis (Tanypus), 272. azurea (Pica), 126. azureus (Cyanocorax), 126. azureus (Cyanurus), 126. bactriana (Pica), 63. Balicasse des Philppincs. 230. Balicassius, 229. balicassius (Buchanga), 231. balicassius (Corvus), 230. balieassius (Dicrurus), 230, 231, 246. barbatus (Edolius), 235. bartletti (Paradisea), 168. baruffii (Oriolus), 219. Baruffius, 188. bayleyi (Dendrocitta), 82. beaehii (Cyanoeitta), 133. beecbeii (Corvus), 133. beecbeii (Cyanurus), 133. beecbeii (Pica), 133. beecbeii (Xanthura), 133. beech eyi (Cyanocorax), 133. bellus (Cyanocorax), 124. bengalensis (Corapiea), 85. bennetti (Bectes), 289. Bhringa, 257. bicolor (Grallina), 272. bicolor (Oriolus), 195, bicolor (Bectes), 284. biddulphi (Podoces), 151. biloba (Muscieapa), 246. bimaensis (Chibia), 237. bimaensis (Dicrurus), 237. bispecularis (Garrulus), 100. bottanensis (Pica), 62. bouruensis (Oriolus). 211. bouruensis (Philedon), 211. bouruensis (Tropidorhynchus), 211. brachyphorus (Dicrurus), 259. brachyphorus (Dissemurus), 259, 260, 263. brachyphorus (Edolius), 259. Brachyprorus, 140. brachyptorus (Edolius), 259. brachyrhynehos (Cornis), 46. brachyrhynehos (Fueifraga), 53. brachyrhynchus (Garrulus), 104. braehyrhynchus (Oriolus), 218, 220. Brachystoma, 140. bracteata (Chibia), 236, 237. bracteatus (Balicassius)^ 237. bracteatus (Dicrurus), 236. brachyurus (Corax), 46, brachyurus (Corvus), 46, Bradornis, 308. Bradyornis, 308. brandti (G-arrulus), 96. brauniana (Chaptia), 244. brevicaudafcus (Coryus)7 46. breyipennis (Corvus), 42. breyivexilla (Uroci&sa), 71. brisbani (Epimachus), 154. broderipi (Euchlorites)7 201. broderipi (Oriolus), 201. Broderipus, 188. bruijni (Grallina), 273. brunnea (Collyriocincla)r 291. buaensia (Myiolestes), 300. Buchanga, 245. buensis (Myiolestes), 300. buensis (Pinarolestes), 300. bullockii (Oalocitta), 8S. bullocMi (Cyanurus), 88. bullocMi (Pica), 88, 89. bullockii (Psilorhinus)7 88. buruensis (Oriolus), 211, butanensis (Pica), Q3. Cabanisia, 305. cacolotl (Corvus), 14. Callseas, 142. cserulea (Cissa), 74. cierulea (Pica), 126. cserulea (Urocissa), 74, eseruleocephala (Xanthine), 130. ccernlescens (B uchanga), 252, 253. ecerulesoens (Dicrurus), 252. cacrulescens (Drongo), 252. caerulescens (Lanius), 252. coertdeus (Coronideus), 126. cseruleus (Oyanocorax), 126. coeruleus (Cyanurus), 126. cseruleus (Dicrurus), 252. caeruleus (Lanius), 252. cafer (Archieorax), 24. cafer (Corvultur), 24. cafer (Corvus), 24. californica (Apheloeoma), 113. califomica (Cyanocitta,), 113, 114. californica (Oyanocorax), 114. _ californica, var. sumichrasti (Cyanocitta), 114. californica, var. woodhousei (Cyanocitta), 114. californicus(Cyanocorax), xLo. californious (Cyanurus), 113. calif omicus (Garrulus), 113. calkvas (Cryptorhina), 142. Calocitta, 69, 88. ealva (Paradisea), 175. calva (Schlegelia), 175. canadensis (Corvus), 104. canadensis (Dysornithia), 105. canadensis (Garrulus), 104. canadensis (Perisoreus), 104, 105,106. canadensis, -var. capitalis (Perisoreus), 106. canadensis, var. obscurus (Perisoreus), 105. caniceps (Prionops), 323. caniceps (Sigmodus), 323. canicollis (Sphecotheres), 224. canipennis (Dicrurus), 248. capellana (Corone), 32. ALPHABETICAL IN DMA'. capensis (Corvus), 12, 17. capensis (Hetorocorax), capensis (Oriolus),217. capensis (Trypanocorax), capensis minor (Corvus), 12. capitalis (Corvus), 28. capitalis (Hemipus), 306. capitalis (Muscieapa), 306. capitalis (Perisoreus), 106. carbonaria (Chibia), 238. carbonaria (Dicrurus), 238. carnivorus (Corvus), 14. carunculata (Astrapia), 165. carunculata(Paradigalla), 165. carunculatus (Oreadio), 144. carunculatus (Oreadion), 144. carunculatus (Oxystomus), 144. carunculatus (Sturnus), 144. carunculatus (Xanthornus), 144. Oaryocatactes, 52. caryocatactes (Oaryocatactes), 53. caryocatactes (Corvus), 53. caryocatactes (Nucifraga), 53. casia (Ohibia), 235. cassini (Oyanocorax), 138. castanopterus (Oriolus), 213. cathoeca (Buchanga), 246, • 247. catboecus (Dicrurus), 246. caudata (Pica), 62. caudata, var. bactriana (Pica), 63. caudata, var. hudsonica (Pica), 63. caudata, var. nuttalli (Pica), 67. caudatus (Corvus), 83. caurina (Corone), 36. caurinus (Corvus), 36. oayana (Uroleuca), 122. cayanus (Corvus), 122. a;*i cayanus (Oyanocorax), 122. cayanus (Cyanurus), 122. colobonais (Brodoripus), 203. colebcnsis (Oriolus), 203. celeste (tlrraca), 126. Corcoron.ua, 149. eerncalis (Garrulus), 08. corvinivontris (Colluricinela), 286. cerviniventris (Recfces), 286. cpylonensis (Dissomurus), 264. ceylonensis (Oriolus), 216. ceramensis (Rectes), 28G. chabert (Lanius), 282. ehabert (Leptopterus), 282. Ohsstoblemma, 279. Ohffitorbyncbus, 242. cbalybata (Paradisea), 182. cbalybea (Manucodia), 182. cbalybea (Paradisea), 182. cbalybeata (Manucodia), 182. Cbalybeus, 180. cbalybeus(Oracticus), 182. cbalybeus (Pbonygama), 182. Cliaptia, 243. Cbibia, 234. cbilensis (Oyanocorax), chilcnsis (Psilorbinus), 125. cbinensis (Oissa), 85. cbinensis (Goracias), 85. cbinensis (Eucbloritcs), 197. cbinensis (Oriolus), 197, 199,203. cbinensis (Pica), 63. cbloris (Oriolus), 217. Oblorisoraa, 84. cbloronota (Pica), 129, 131,132 cbocolatina (Bradyornis), 311. chocolatina (Butalis), 311. cbocolatina (Curruca), 311. cbocolatina (Melaniornis), 311. chocolatina (Muscieapa)* 311. chocolatina (Sylvia), 311. Choucas cles Philippines, 230. Clioueas du Cap do Bonne Esperancc, 1:35. chrysops (Cyanocorax), 120. chrysops (Oriolus), 195, chrysops (Pica), 120. chrysoptera (Diphyllodos), 175. Cicinnurus, 171. cineracea (Buchanga), 250. cineraceus (Dicrurus), 250, 251. cineraceus (Edolius), 250. cinerascens (Buchanga), 251. cinerascens (Dicrurus), 250, 251. cinerascens (Fraseria), 304. cinerascens (Tephrodornis), 304. cinerea (Brachystoma), 140. cinerea (Callaas), 142. cinerea (Oolluriocincla), 290. cinerea (G-laucopis), 142. cinerea (Struthidea), 140. cinereus (Brachyproras), 140. cinereus (Corvus), 31. cinereus (Creadion), 144. Cinnamolegus, 161. cirrhata (Paradisea), 174. cirrhocephala (Rectes), 284. cirrhocephalus (Eectes), 284. Cissa, 84. Cissolopha, 128. Cleptes, 02. clericus (Corvus), 14. cochinchinensis (Oriolus), 203. collaris (Colceus), 27. collaris (Corvus), 27. collaris (Lycus), 27. colliei (Caloeitta), 89. oolliei (Cyanurus), 89. colliei (Pica), 89. Oollurisoma, 289. Oollyriocincla, 289. Colceus, 25. colonorum (Corvus), 39. columbiana (ISTueifraga), 56. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. colunibianus (Corvus), 56. columbianus(Picicorvus), 5G. Comctes, 234. compressirostrie (Myio lestes), 301. compressirostris (Pinaro lestes), 301. comrii (Manucodia), 183. concinnatus (Prionops), 321. concolor (Cyanocorax), 118. cooki (Cyanopica), 69. cooki (Cyanopolius), 69. cooki (Dolometis), 69. cooki (Pica), 69. Coracia, 146. coracinus (Dicrurus), m. coracinus (Musicus), 233. Corapica, 84. corax (Corvus), 14, 17, 19, 39. corax, var. carnivorus (Corvus), 14. Corcorax, 149. cornix (Corvus), 22,31. cornix asgyptiaca (Cor vus), 31. cornutus (Chalybeus), 180. coronata (Cyanocitta), 111. coronata (Lophocitta), 318. coronata (Pica), 111. coronata (Yanga), 318. coronata, var. coronata (Cyanocitta), 111. coronata, var. diademata (Cyanocitta), 111. coronata, var. macrolopha (Cyanura), 110. coronatus XBroderipus), 203. coronatus (Cyanocorax), 111. J ' coronatus (Cyanogarrulus), 111. coronatus (Cyanurus), 111. coronatxis (<3-arrulus),lll. coronatus (Lanius), 318. coronatus (Oriolus), 199. coronatus (Platylophus), 318. Corone, 30. corone (Corvus), 17, 34, 36,39. Coronica, 57. Coronideus, 119. coronoides (Corvus), 20, 37. Corvultur, 24. Corvus, 13. couchi (Aphelocoma), 116. couchi (Cyanocitta), 116. Coueon vert hupe de Siam, 258. Coudougnan, 217. coudougnan (Oriolus), 217. Craspedophora, 153. erassirostris(Archicorax), 25. crassirostris (Corvultur), 25. crassirostris (Corvus), 25. crassirostris (Cyanocitta), 133. crassirostris (Cyanurus), 133. crassirosiris (Neomorpha), 143. crassirostris (Oriolus). 217. Creadion, 144. Creurgus, 274. Cricocercus, 173. criniger (Irena), 267. crishna (Cometes), 235, crishna (Edolius), 235. crissalis (Strepera), 58. cristata (Cyanocitta), 107. cristata (Pica), 107. cristata (Bectes), 286. cristata (Vanga), 317. cristatella (Pica), 137. cristatella (tJroleuca), 137. cristatellus (Corvus), 137. cristatellus (Cyanurus), 137. cristatellus (Edolius), 258. cristatus (Corvus), 107. cristatus (Cyanocorax), 107. cristatus (Cyanogarrulus), 107. cristatus (Cyanurus), 107. cristatus (Dicrurus), 254. cristatus (G-arrulus), 107. cristatus (Prionopa), 321. cristatus (Bectes), 286. cruenta (Deptopteryx), 221. cruentus (Analeipus), 221. cruentus (Lanius), 221. cruentus (Oriolus), 221. Crypsirhina, 75, 83. cryptoleucus (Corvus), 15. cryptopyrrhus (Myiopsar), 281. Oryptorhina, 74. Cuckoo (Paradise), 258. cucullata (Calocitta), 72. cucullata (Crypsirhina), 84. cucullata (Grlaucopsis), 84. eucullatus (Picnorhamphus), 225. culminatus (Corvus), 20, 34, 39. cuneicaudata (Strepera), 60. cuneicaudatus (Cracticus), 60. Cuphopterus, 302. curvirostris (Corvus), 23. cyana (Oyanopiea), 68. cyana (Dolometis), 68. cyana (Pica), 68. cyanescens (Cyanocorax), 126. cyanea (Irena), 267, 269. cyanea (Pica), 69. cyanicollis (Oyanocitta), 127. cyanocapilla (Xanthocitta), 131. cyanocapilla (Xantbura), 131. cyanocapillus (Cyanocorax), 131. cyanocapillus (Oyanurus), cyanocephala (Gymno- Htta), 138. cyanocephala(Nueifraga), 131. Cyanocephalus, 138. cyanocephalus (Gymnorhinus), 138. cyanocephalus (Psilorhi nus), 138. Oyanocitta, 106. Cyanocorax, 119. Oyanogarrulus, 106 cyanogastra (Irena), 266. cyanogenys (Psilorhinus), 140. cyanoleuca (Argurocitta), 137. cyanoleuca (Grallina), 272. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. cyanoleuca (Uroluuca), 137. cyanoleucus (Corvus), 137, 272. cyanoleucus (Oacticus), 272. cyanoleucus (Cyanocowx), 137. cyanoleucus (Oyanurus), 137. Cyanolyca, 128. oyanomelaena (Pica), 124. cyanomelas (OoronideQs), 124. cyanomelas (Cyanocorax), 124. cyanomelas (Oyanurus), ]24. cyanomelas (Garruius), 124. cyanomelas (Pica), 124. Cyanopica, 67. Cyanopolius, 67. cyanopogon (Corvus), 123. cyanopogon (Oyanocorax), 123. cyanopogon (Oyanurus), 123. cyanopogon (Uroleuca), 123. Oyanurus, 88, 119. cyanus (Corvus), 68, 69. cyanus (Cyanopolius), 68. daurica (Monedula), 29. dauricus (Corvus), 22,28, 33. dauricus (Lycus), 28. dauuricus (Coloeus), 28. Dendrocitta, 75. densa (Ohibia), 241. densus (Dicrurus), 241. dentirostris (Edolius), 258. diabolicus (Bradyornis), 314. diademata (Oyanocitta), 111. diademata (Lophocorax), 111. diadematus (Oyanogarrulus), 111. diadematus (Oyanurus), 111. dichroa (Oolluriocincla), 286. dicbrous (Rectes), 284. Dicranostreptus, 256. Dicruridas, 228. dicruriformis (Dissemuroides), 255. ;m Dicrurus, 229. diesingi (Cyanocorax), diosingi (Oyanurus), 121. diffusus (Oriolus), 197, 198. Diphyllocles, 173. Dissemuroides, 254. Dissemurus, 258. divaricata (Muscicapa), 248. divaricaius (Dicrurus), > 248. divaricatus (Musicus), 248. dohrni (Oupbopterus\ 302. dohrni (Tephrodornis), 302. Dolometis, 67. Drepanophorus, 160. Drepanornis, 160. Drongear (Le), 248. Drongo (Le); 254. Drongo bronz6, 243. Drongo a raquettes, 258. Drongolon, 246. Drongup, 256. Drymonax, 244. Dysornitbia, 103. edoliiformis (Dicrurus), 256. edoliiformis (Dissemuroides), 256. edoliiformis (Dissemurus), 256. Edolius, 254. edolioides (Argya), 315. edolioides (Melsenornis), 315. edolioides (Melasoma), 315. elegans (Oalocitta), 89. ellioti (Epimachus), 163. emarginata (Muscicapa), 248. emarginatus (Dicrurus), 248. enca (Corone), 43. enca (Corvus), 39. Epimachus, 160. eremita (Corvus), 146. eremita (Graculus), 146. Erythrolanius, 188. erythrophthalmus (Corvus), 49. ervtbrophtbalmus (Edolius), 248. erythropus (Fregilus), 147. ery throrhamphos (Coracia), 147. crythrorhyncha (Calocitta), 71. ery t brorhyncl la (Oissa), 71. erythrorhyncha (Pica), 70. erythrorbyncha (Urocissa), 71. erythrorhynchus (Corvus), 71. erythrorhynchus (Cyanurus), 70. Euchlorites, 188. Eurocephalus, 270. europsea (Pica), 62. europceus (Fregilus), 147. Euryceros, 320. Falculia, 145. fallax (Corvus), 43. ferroe'nsis (Corvus), 14. ferrugineus (Garrulax), 287. ferrugineus (Pseudorectes), 287. ferrugineus (Bectes), 287. Fingah (Le), 252. fingah (Dicrurus), 246. fingah (Edolius), 246. fingah (Lanius), 252. flavicinctus (Oriolus), 206. flavirostris (Calocitta), 72. flavirostris (Oissa), 72. flavirostris (Psilorhinus), 72. flavirostris (TTrocissa), 72. flaviventris (Oriolus), 225. flaviventris (Sphecotheres), 225. flavocincta (Mimeta),206. flavoeincta (Mimetes), 206. flavocinctus (Oriolus), 206. floridana (Aphelocoma), 117. floridana (Corone), 35. floridana (Oyanocitta), 117. floridana, var. californiea (Aphelocoma), 113. floridana, var. floridana (Aphelocoma), 117. floridana, var. sumichrasti (Oyanocitta), 114. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. floridana, var. wooclhousci (Aphelocoma), 114. floridanus (Corvus), 117. floridanus (Oyanocorax), 117. floridanus (Oyanurus), 117. floridanus (Garrulus), 117. Flycatcher (Obscure), 305. forfieatus (Dicrurus), 254. forfieatus (Edolius), 246, 254. forfieatus (Lanius), 254. formosa (Oalocitta), 88. formosa (Pica), 88. formosa (Dendrocitta), SO. formosas (Glaucopis), 80. formosus (Broderipus), 205. formosus (Oyanurus), 88. formosus (Dicrurus), 259. formosus (Dissemurus), 259, 262. formosus (Edolius), 289. formosus (Oriolus), 205. forsfceni (Mimeta), 209. forsteni (Oriolus), 209. forsythi (Pyrrhoeorax), 149. fortunse (Myiolestes), 300. fortunae (Pinarolestes), 300. Fraseria, 303. Fregilus, 146. frontalis (Broderipus), 204. ^ frontalis (Orypsirhina), 78. < frontalis (Dendrocitta), 78. frontalis (Glaucopis"), 78. frontalis (Oriolus), 204. frontalis (Temnurus), 78. frugilegus (Ooloeus), 9, frugilegus (Corvus), 9. frugilegus (Trypanocorax), 9. fugax (Dicrurus), 248. fuliginosa (Coronica), 61. fuliginosa (Pica), 139. fuliginosa (Strepera), 61. fuliginosus(Oracticus),61. fumigata (Muscicapa), furcata (Paradisea), 179. furcatus (Balicassius), 230. furcatus (Dicrurus), 231. furcatus (Edolius), 230. fusca (XJpupa), 162. fuscicapillus (Corvus), 51. fuscicapillus (Gymnocorvus), 51. fuscicapillus (Macrocorax), 51. fuscus (Garrulus), 104. galatea (Muscicapa), 254. galbula (Coracias), 192. galbula (Oriolus), 191, 193, 194, 199. galbuloides( Oriolus), 194. G-albulus, 188. galericulata(Lophoeitta), 317. galericulata (Pica), 317. galericulatus (G-arrulus), 317. galericulatus (Platylophus), 317. Galgulus, 141. Garrulus, 91. garrulus (Oriolus), 192. Gazzola, 47. Geoffroy, Le, 320. geoffroyi (Oyanocorax), 133. geoffroyi (Oyanurus), 132. geoffroyi (Prinops), 320, 321. germana (Oyanocitta), 133. germanica (Pica), 62. germanicus (Glandarius), 93. Glandarius, 91. glandarius (Corvus), 93. glandarius (Garrulus), 93, 99. glandarius (Lanius), 93. glandarius, var. brandti (Garrulus), 96. glandarius, var. pileo nigro (Garrulus), 99. glandarius japonicus (Garrulus), 95. glandarius melanocephalus (G-arrulus), 99. Glaucopis, 142. Glenargus, 90. Gobe-mouche de Poncliche> y, 275. gouldi (&eteralocha),143. gouldi (Manucodia), 181. gouldi (Myiolestes), 296. gouldi (Neomorpha), 143. gouldi (Phonygama), 181. graoula (Ooracia), 147. graculina (Strepera), 57. graculinus (Oracticus\58. graculinus (Corvus), 57. graoulinus (Prionops), 325. graculinus (Sigmodus), 325. Graculus, 146. graculus (Corvus), 146. graculus (Fregilus), 146. graculus (Graculus), 146. graculus (Pyrrhocorax), 147. graculus, var. brachypus (Fregilus), 147.# graculus, var. orientalis (Fregilus), 147. Grakle (Green), 212. Grallina, 272. grandis (Dicrurus), 258. grandis(Dissemurus), 259. grandis (Edolius), 258. granorum (Corvus), 9. grisea (Sphecothera),224. griseatus (Myiolestes), 296. griseus (Lanius), 275. guatemalensis (Cyanocorax), 131. guatemalensis (Xanthou ra), 131. gularis (Astrapia), 165. guttata (Nucifraga), 53. Gymnocorax, 50. Gymnocorvus, 50. Gymnokitta, 138. gubernatrix (Garrula),88. gubernatrix(Psilorhinus), 8& gularis (Garrulus), 102. gularis (Lanius), 278. gularis (Paradisea), 165. gularis (Tephrodornis), 278. gularis (Tepbrolanius), 278. gulielmi iii. (Diphyllodes), 173. gulielmi iii. (Paradisea), 173. gulielmi tertii (Khipidornis), 173. guttatus (Caryocatactes), 53. gymnocepbala (Pica), 141. gymnocepbalus (Corvus), ALPITABEWCAL INDEX, gymnocepbalus (Galgulus), 141. gymnocepbalus (Picatkartes), 141. Gy mnorbinus, 138. baraata (Nucifraga), 53. harmonica (Colluriocincla), 290. harmonica (Pnigocicbla), 290. harmonious (Turdus), 290. hamsii(Oyanocorax)}125. hawaiensis (Corvus), 13. beckeli (Oyanocorax),126. heckelii (Oyanurus), 126. heinii (Mviolestes), 299. beinii (Pinarolestes), 299. Hemipus, 305. hemispila (Nucifraga), 54. hendersoni (Podoces),151. Hefceralocba, 143. Heterocorax, 12. biemalis (Corvus), 37. biemalis (Pica), 62. himalayanus (Fregilus), 147. bimalayensis (Dendrom citta), 79. bimalayensis (Dicrurus), 246. binpocrepis (Oriolus), 199. ^ birundinacea (Oabanisia), 305. hirundinacea (Muscicapa), 305, 307. birundinaceus (Analcipus), 282. hirundinaceus (Tophrodornis), 305. histrionica (Lophocitta), 318. histrionicus (Garrulus), 318. hodgsoni (Oriolus), 215. horsfieldi (Oriolus), 199, 200. hottentotta (Ohibia), 235, 236. hottentottus (Corvus), 235. hottentottus (Trichometopus), 235. hudsonica (Pica), 62. hudsonicus (Cleptes), 63. hudsonius (Corvus), 62. humilis (Podoces), 151. hyacintbinus (Ooroni deus), 125. hyacintbinus (Cyanocorax), 125. hyacintbinus (Oyanurus), 125. Hypooolius, 316. hyrcanus (Garrulus), 94. icterus (Oriolus), 195. ignota (Seleueides), 159. ilicoti (Garrulus), 97. immaculata (Nucifraga), 54. ^ impudicus (Corvus), 33. irapudiens (Corvus), 33. incas (Oyanocorax), 130. incas, var. guatemalensis (Xantboura), 131. incas, var. incas (Xantboura), 130. incas, var. luxuosa (Xanthoma), 132. incomta (Dromohea), 312. incomta (Saxicola), 312. indica (Irena), 268. indica (Keroula), 275. indica (Tephrodornis), 275. indicus (Dicrurus), 246. indicus (Eucblorites),197. indicus (Oriolus), 197. infausta (Pica), 104. infaustus (Corvus), 103. infaustus (Garrulus), 103. infaustus (Lanius), 103. infaustus (Perisoreus), 103. mfumatus (Corvus), 17. insolens (Corone), 34. insolens (Corvus), 33, 34. insularis (Buchauga), 253. insularis (Garrulus), 101. intermedia (Buchanga), 250. intermedia (Melsenornis), 315. intermedia (Strepora),59. intermedius Baru fEus), 219. intermedius (Corvus), 20. intermedius(Cyanocorax), 123. intermedius (Oyanurus), 123. intermedius (Dicrurus), 250. Irena, 265. isabellina (Oeblepyris), 316. jamaicensis (Corvus), 48, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. jamaiceusis (Microcorax), m 48. jamosii (Phonygama),181. japononsis (Oorono), 41. japononsis (Corvus), 39, 41. japonica (Pica), 63. japonicus (COITUS), 39. japonicus (Gamiliis),j)5. jobiensis (Manucodia), 184. jobiensis (Eectes), 287. joliasa (Oyanurus), 135. jolysea (Cyanocitta), 135. jolyiea (Xanthura), 135. keraudreni (Barita), ISO. keraudreni (Chalybeus), 180. keraudreni (Manucodia), 180, 181. keraudreni (Phonvgama), ISO. Keroula, 274. kirrliocephalus (Vanga), 284. kirrocephala (Colluricincla), 284. kirrocephalus (Eectes), 284. krynieki (Garrulus), 98, 99. kundoo (Oriolus), 194. lsemosticta (Chibia), 241. lsemosticta (Dierurus), 241. lanccolatus (Garrulus), 101. larvata (Pica), 122. larvatus (Oriolus), 217. lawrencii (Corvus), 15. leptonyx (Corvus), 19. Leptopterus, 282. lessonia (Phonygama), ISO. leucocephalafOhsetoblemma), 280. leucocephalus (Glandarius), 93. leucogaster (Glaucopis), leucogaster (Oriolus),213. leucogaster (Temnurus), 79. leucogaster (XaniJaonotus), 213. leucogastra(Crypsirbdna), leucogasfcra (Dendrocitta), 79. leuoogenys (Buchanga), 251. leuoogenys (Dierurus), 251. leucognaphalus (Corvus), 49. leucognaphalus (Microcorax), 49. leucomelas (Bradyornis), 312. leucomelas (Corvus), 14. leuconotus (Corvus), 23. leucophoeus (Corvus), 14. leucophieus (Dierurus), 250, 251. leucops (Chibia), 241. leucops (Dierurus), 241. leueop tera (Crypsirhina), 90. leucoptera(Cryptorhina), leucoptera (Pica), 63, 66. leucopterus (Coraeias), 149. leucopterus (Corvus), 149. leucopterus (Fregilus), 149. leucopterus (Glaucopis), 90. leucopterus (Glenargus), leucopterus (Platysmums), 90. leucopterus (Pyrrhoeorax), 149. leucopterus (Temnurus), 90. leucopygialis(Buchanga), 253. leucopygialis (Dierurus), leueorhyncha (Colluricincla), 285. leucorhynclius (Pseudoreefces), 28S. leucorhynclius (Eectes), 288. leucofcis (Garrulus), 99. leucurus (Tenthaca), 275. levaillanti (Corone), 39. levaillanti (Corvus), 12, 39. levaillantii (Temia), 83. lidthi (Garrulus), 102. littoralis (Corvus), 14. longicauda , (Buchanga), longicaudata (Buchanga), longicaudatus (Dierurus), 249. h longus (Dierurus), 246. Lophocitta, 317. Lophocorax, 106. Lophorhina, 179. lophorhinus (Dierurus), 254. lophorhinus (Dissemuroides), 256. lophorhinus (Dissernurus), 256. Loriot, 191. Loriot a masque noir, 217. Loriot de Bengale, 215. Loriot de la Chine, 215. Loriot rieur, 215. ludwigii (Dierurus), 233, 248. ludwigii (Melaenornis), lugubris (Corvus), 14. lugubris (Dierurus), 248. lugubris (Edolius), 248. lugubris (Melanopepla), 315. lugubris (Muscicapa), 281, 315. lugubris (Pceoptera), 281. lugubris (Thamnolia), 281. luteola (Pica), 129. luxuosa (Xanthocitta), 132. luxuosa (Xanthura), 133. luxuosus (Cyanoeorax), 132. luxuosus (Oyanurus), luxuosus (Garrulus), 132. Lycocorax, 185. Lycus, 25. maccoshii (Oriolus), 215. macrocerca (Buchanera), 247. macrocercus (Dierurus), 246, 249. Macrocorax, 51. macrolopha (Cyanocitta), 110. macrolopha (Oyanura), 110. ' macrolophus (Oyanurus), 110. macropterus (Corvus), 12. macrorhyncha (Corone), 38. macrorhynchos (Nucifraga), 53. maerorhynchus (Corvus), 38, 39, 41. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. macrorhynchus (Myio lestes), 301. macrorhynchus (Pinaro lestes), 301. macrurus (Euchlorites), 202. macrurus (Oriolus), 202. maculatus (Caryoeatactes), 53. maculatus (Oriolus), 199. madagascariensis (Cor vus), 23. maderaspatanus (Orio lus), 215. magna (Upupa), 162. magnifica (Craspedo phora), 156, 158. magnifica (Paradisea), 174. magnifica (Ptilorhis), 157. magnificus (Epimachus), 157. magnificus (Ealcinellus), 157,162. magnificus (Ptilorhis), 156, 158. magnificus (Ptilomis), 158. magnirostris (Oalocitta), magnirostris (Cissa), 71. magnirostris (Psilorhinus), 71. magnirostris (Urocissa), 71. magnus (Epimachus), 162. major (Corvus), 14. major (Paradisea), 167. malabaricus (Dicrurus), 258. malabaricus (Dissemurus), 259. malabaricus (Edolius), 258,259. malabaricus (Lanius), 258. malabaroides (Dicrurus), 259. malabaroides (Dissemurus), 259, 260, 261. malabaroides (Edolius), 258. malaccensis (Platyloplius), 318. malayana (Chaptia), 245. malayensis (Chaptia), 244. malayensis (Dicrurus), 259. malayensis (Trena), 269. Manucodia, 182. mariquensis (Braclornis), 308. mariquensis(Bradyornis), 309. mariquensis (Melaenornis), 309. mariquensis (Saxicola), 309. mauritanica (Pica), 66. maxillaris (Oriolus), 224. maxillaris(Sphecotheres), 224. maxillaris (Turdus), 224, maximus (Corax), 14. maximus (Corvus), 14. maximus (Epimachus), 162. maximus (Myiolestes), 301. maximus (Pinarolestes), 301. media (Pica), 63. megaloptera (Pica), 63. megalornis (Chibia), 242. megalornis (Dicrurus), 242. megarhyncha (Colluricincla), 295. megarhyncha (Muscicapa), 295. megarhynchus (Dicranostreptus), 256. m egarhynchus(Dicrurus), 256. megai*hynchus (Edolius), 256. megarhynchus (Myiolestes), 295. megarhynchus (Pinarolestes), 295. megonyx (Corvus), 56. Melasnornis, 315. melanocephala (Dolo metis), 68. melanocephalus (Coracias), 71. melanocephalus (Cyanopica), 68. melanocephalus (Garrulus), 97, 98, 99. melanocephalus (Oriolus), 215, 216, 217. melanocephalus (Pica), 68. melanochlamys (Irena), 266. melanocyanea (Cyanocitta), 134. melanocyanea (Cyanolyca), 134. melanocyanea (Xanthura), 134. melanocyaneus (Cyanocorax), 134. melanocyaneus (Cyanurus), 134. melanocyaneus (Gtorrulus), 134. melanoleuca (Q x*allina), 272. melanoleuca (Pica), 62. melanoleuca, var. hudsonica (Pica), 63. melanoleuca, var. nut talli (Pica), 67. Melanopepla, 308. melanoptera (Strepera), 61. Melanorectes, 289. melanorharaphus (Cercoronus), 149. melanorharaphus (Corcorax), 149. melanorhyncha (Colluricincla), 297. melanorhynchus (Cercoronus), 149. melanorhynchus (Corcorax), 149. melanorhynchus (Myiolestes), 297. melanorhynchus (Pinarolestes), 297. melanorhynchus(Pyrrho corax), 149. melanoris (Oriolus), 194. melanotis (Mimeta), 210. melas (Molaenornis), 315. Melasoma, 315. Melisseus, 257. meridana (Xanthura), 136. meruloides (Mimeta). 212. mexicana (Corone), 36. mexicanus (Corvus), 36. mexicanus (Psilorhinus), 140. mezorhynchus (Dicranostreptus), 257. Microcorax, 48. Mimeta, 188. Mimetes, 188. minor (Bradyorais), 309. minor (Buehanga), 246, 247. minor (Cissa), 85. minor (Corvus), 12. minor (Dicrurus), 246. minor (Garrulus), 96. minor (Nucifraga), 53. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. minor papuana (Paradisea), 168. minutus (Corvus), 29. mirabilis (Dicrurus), 231. modestus (Brady ornis), 310. modestus (Corvus), 45. modestus (Dicrurus), 232. ruoloxita (Oriolus), 217. monacha (Oriolus), 216. monacha (Turdus), 216. monachus (Oriolus), 216, 217. Monedula, 25. monedula (Coloeus), 26. monedula(Corvus),26,27. monedula (Lycus), 26. monedula, var. daurica (Porvus), 29. moneduloides (Corvus), 50. moneduloides (Physocorax), 50. montanus (Corvus), 14. montanus (Pyrrhocorax), 149. morada (Arraca), 124. morio (Corvus), 139. morio (Pica), 139, 140. morio (Psilorhinus), 139. morotensis (Lycocorax), 186. morotensis (Manucodia), 186. mouhoti (Buchanga), 250. muelleri (Mimeta), 207. multimaculata (Nueifraga), 55. multipunctata (ETucifraga), 55. murinus (Bradyornis), 310. muscicapoides (Lanius), 275. muscipetoicles (Chaptia), 243. Musicus, 245. musicus (Dicrurus), 248. Myiolestes, 293, 305. Myiopsar, 281. mystacalis (Cyanocorax), 124. mystacalis (Cyanurus), 124. mystacalis (Pica), 124. nana (Aphelocoma), 118. nana (Oyanocitta), 118. nanus (Cyanocorax), 118, nanus (Cyanurus)., 118. nasicus (Corvus), 48, 49. nasicus (Microcorax), 49. neglecta (Monedula), 28. neglectus (Oolosus), 28. neglectus (Corvus), 28. neglectus (Lycus), 28. Nematophora, 159. Neomorpha, 143. nigellicaudus (Oriolus), 221. niger (Drymonax), 244. niger (Seleucides), 159. nigerrima (Melasoma), 315. nigra (Astrapia), 165. nigra (Coracias), 75. nigra (Monedula), 26. nigra (Paradisea), 159, 165. nigra (Pica), 75. nigrescens (Melanorectes), 289. nigrescens (Eectes), 289. nigricans (Paradisea), 159. nigriceps (Cyanocorax), nigripennis (Oriolus), 220. nigrogularis (Lalage), 301. nigrogularis (Myiolestes), 301. nigrogularis (Pachycephalia), 301. nigrogularis (Pinarolestes), 301. nobilis (Corvus), 14. notatus (Oriolus), 196, 197. nuchalis (Pica), 104. Nucifraga, 52. nucifraga(Oaryocatactes), 53. nuttalli (Cleptes), 67. nuttalli (Corvus), 66. nuttalli (Pica), 66. obiensis (Lycocorax), 185. obiensis (Manucodia), 185. obscura (Collurieincla), 299. obscura (Museicapa), 305. obscura (Eectes), 299. obscura (Tephrodornis), 305. obscurus (Hemipus), 305. obscurus(Myiolestes),305. obscurus (Perisoreus), ,105. obscurus (Pinarolestes), 299. occipitalis (Cissa), 70. occipitalis (Dendrocitta), 81\ occipitalis (G-laucopis), 81. occipitalis (Psilorhinus), 70. occipitalis (Urocissa), 70. ochreata (Eucnemidia), 302. oclireata (Fraseria), 303. ochreata (Tephrodornis), 303. cenas (Corvus), 124. olivascens (Callwas), 143. olivascens (Glaucopis), 143. orientalis (Corvus), 37. Oriole (Nun), 216. Oriolus, 188. oriolus (Coracias), 192, orissse (Edolius), 258. ornata (Cissa), 87. ornata (Citta), 87. ornata (Cyanocitta), 127. ornata (Kitta), 87. ornata (Pica), 87, 127. ornatus (Cyanocorax), 127. ornatus (Cyanurus), 127. ornatus (Grarrulus), 100, 101. orra (Corone), 44. orru (Corvus), 44, 51. ossifragus (Coloeus), 29. ossifragus (Corvus), 29. * Otostylus, 177. Oxystomus, 144. pallasii (Cyanopica), 68. palHata (Falculia), 145. pallida (Crypsirhina), 77. pallida (Dendrocitta), 77. pallida (Melsenornis),310. pallida (Muscicapa), 310. pallidirostris (Collyriocincla), 293. pallidus (Bradyornis), 310. palmarum (Corvus), 49. pammelasna (Bradyornis), 314. pammelaena (Melanopepla), 314. pammelsena(Melanornis), 314. panderi (Corvus), 150. panderi (Garrulus), 150. panderi (Pica), 150. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. panderi (Podoces), 150. papuana (Paradisea), 168. papuensis (Chfetorhynchus). 242, 243. papuensis (Oinnamolegus), 162. Paradigalla, 165. Paradisea, 1G6. paradisea (PLilorliis), 154. paradiseus (Cuculus), 258. paradiseus (Dicrurus), 258. paradiseus (D issemurus), 259,261. paradiseus (Edolius), 259. paradiseus (Epimachus), 154,158. Parotia, 177. parvissiina (Colluricincla), 296. parvula (Oolluricincla), 296. parvulus (Pinarolestes), 296. pastinator (Corvus), 10. pastinator (Frugilegus), 10. pectoralis (Chibia), 240. peetoralis (Corvus), 21. pectoralis (Dicrurus), 240. pelviea (Tentheca), 276. pelvica (Tephrodornis), 276. pelvicus (Tephrodornis), 276. penicillata (Paradisea), 177. peregrinus (Corvus), 14. Perisoreus, 103. personatus (Oriolus), 218. peruanus (Oyanocorax), 130. peruviana (Xanthocitta), 130. peruviana (Xanthoura), 130. peruviana (Xanthura), 130. peruvianus (Corvus), 129. peruvianus (Oyanocorax), 129,132. peruvianus (Garrulus), 129. petrica (Tentheca), 276.^ phaeocephalus (Corvus), 23. pha?ochroma (Mimota), 211. pbrcochromus (Oriolus), 211. pharoides (Creadion), 144. philippensis(Balicassius), 230. philippensis (Oriolus), 188. philippina (O or one), 42. philippinus (Corvus), 42. Phonygama, 180. Phrenotrix, 83. Physocorax, 50. piacpiac (Oryptorhina), 75. Pica, 62. pica (Oleptes), 63. pica (Corvus), 62. pica (Pica), Q2. picsecolor (Hemipus), 306. picata (G-raeula), 272. picata (Grallina), 272. picata (Muscicapa), 307. Picatharfces, 141. picatus (Hemipus), 306, 307. Picicorvus, 52. picinus (Dicrurus), 245. Picnorhaniphus, 223. pictus (Gflandarius), 93. picus (G-arrulus), 62. Pie-Grieche bruyante, 287. Pie-G-rieche silencieuse, 312. Pie-Grrieche vert de Madagascar, 282. pileata (Pica), 121. pileata (Uroleuca), 121. pileatus (Corvus), 120. pileatus (Oyanocorax), 120. pileatus (Oyanurus), 121. Pinarolestes, 293. Pitohui, 283, 284. planiceps (Pyrrhocorax), 149. platurus (Dicrurus), 258. platurus (Dissemurus), 262. Platylophus, 317. platyrhynchus (Nucifraga), 53. Platysmurus, 90. plumatus (Lanius), 320. plumatus (prionops), 320. plumbea (Slrepera), 60. Pnigocichla, 289. Poclocos, 150. poecilorhynehus (Oryptorhinus), 75. pocilorhynohus (Ptilostomus), 75. Poeoptera, 281. poliocephalus (Lanius), 321. poliocophalus (Prionops), 321. pondiceriana (Muscicapa), 275. pondiceriana (Tephrodornis), 275, 276. pondicerianus (Tephrodornis), 275. Prepopterus, 243. prevosti (Euryceros), 326. Prionopidse, 270. Prionops, 319. Psaropholus, 188. pseudocorone (Corvus), 37. Pseudorectes, 287. Psilorhinus, 139. Pterocorax, 13. Pilocarpus,. 188. Ptilorhis, 153. Ptilostomus, 74. puella (Oissa), 87. puella (Ooracias), 267, 268. puella (Irena), 267, 268, 269. puellus (Edolius), 267. pumilio (Oyanurus), 127. pumilo (Oyanocitta), 127. pumilo (Oyanocorax), Pyrrhocorax, 148. pyrrhocorax (Corvus), 148. pyrrhocorax (Fregilus), 149. pyrrhocorax (G-raeula), 146. pyrrhocorax (Pyrrhocorax), 149. pyrrhocyanea (Oissa), 87. pyrrhops (Buchanga), 250, 251. pyrrhops (Dicrurus), 251. pyrrhoptera (Pica), 185. pyrrhoptorus (Corvus), 185. pyrrhopterus (Lyeoeorax), 185. 340 pyrrhopterus (Manucodia), 185. quindiuna (Xantkura), 135. raggiana (Paradisea), 108. rangoonensis (Dici*urus), 258. rangoonensis (Edolius), 258. Rectes, 283. rectirostris (Collurieincla), 291. refulgens (Broderipus), 201. regius (Cicinnurus), 171. regms (Epimackus), 154. Reiigieuse d'Abyssinie, 216. remif'er (Bhringa), 257. remifer (Edolius), 257. rernifer (Melisseus). 257. resplendens (Falcinellus), 159. 159. respublica (Diphyllodes), 173,175. respublica (Lophorhina), 173. respublica (Rkipidornis), 173. respublica (Schlegelia), 175. retzii (Prionops), 324, 325. Rhinocorax, 45. Rhipidornis, 173. robustus (Grlandarius), 92. Roller (Eairv), 268. Roller (StriaW), 212. rolleti (Oriolus), 218. rubra (Paradisea), 170. rubra (Uranornis), 170. rubropectus (Erytkrolanius), 221. rueppelli (Eurocephalus), 280. rufa (Grypsirhina), 76. rufa (Dendrocitta), 76. rufa (G-laucopis), 77. rufa (Pica), 76. rufa (Vagabunda), 77. ruficollis (Corvus), 17, 19. rufigaster (Dendrocitta), 81. rufigaster (Pinarolestes), ALPHABETICAL INDEX. rufigastra (Crypsirhina), 81. ruiiv^ntris (Collurieincla), 292. rufiventria (Prionops), 323. rufiventris (Sigrnodus), 323. rufogaster (Collurieincla), 296. rufulus (G-arrulus), 318. rufus (Corvus), 76. rufus (Lanius), 76. rufus (Temnurus), 77rufusater (Icterus), 144. rupestris (Pyrrhocorax), 147. russicus (Corvus), 103. rustica (Pica), 63. rusticus (Corvus). 62. sagittata (Coracias), 212. sagitfcatus (Philemon), 212. salvadorii (Sphecotheres), 224. sanblasiana (Cissolopha), 132. sanblasiana (Pica), 132. sanblasiana (Xantkura), 132. sanblasianus (Cyanocitta), 132. sanblasianus (Cyanocorax), 132. sanblasianus (Cyanurus), 132. sanguinea (Paradisea), 170. sanguinolenta (Artamia), 221. sanguinolentus (Analcipus), 221. sanguinolentus (Artamus), 221. sanguinolentus (Ocypterus), 221. sanguinolentus (Oriolus), sanguinolentus (Pkilo carpus), 221. saturninus (Lanius), 290. scapularis, var. aetkiops (Corvus), 22. scapulata (Lophoeitta), 317. scapulatus (Corax), 23. scapulatus (Corvus), 22scapulatus (Lanius), 317. scapulatus (Pterocorax), Schlegelia, 175. sclateri (Cyanocorax), 122. sclateri (Cyanurus), 122. scopifrons (Prionops), 324. scopifrons (Sigrnodus), 324. sefilata (Paradisea), 177. segetum (Corvus), 12. selbii (Colluricincla), 291. Seleucides, 159. seleucides (Diphyllode3), 174. Semioptera, 178. senegalensis(Bradyornis), 313. senegalensis (Corvus), 75. senegalensis (Glaucopis), 75. senegalensis (Melaenornis), 313. senegalensis (Ptilostomus), 75. senegalensis (Sigelus), 313. sen ex (Corvus), 50, 51. senex (G-ymnocorax), 50. senex (Gymnocorvus), 50. septentrionalis (Glandarius), 93. septentrionalis (Mone dula), 26. septentrionalis (Pica), 62. serieea (Pica), 63. setifer (Dicrurus), 259. setifer (Dissemurus), 259. sexpennis (Paradisea), 177. sexpennis (Parotia), 177. 177. sexsetacea (Parotia), 177. Shrike (Heroula), 275. Shrike (Malabar), 258. sibiricus (Corvus), 103. sieberi(Aphelocoma), 116. sieberi (Cyanocitta), 116. sieberi (Cyanocorax), 116, sieberi (Cyanurus), 116. sieberi (Pica), 116. Sigelus, 308. Sigrnodus, 322. silens (Bradyornis), 312. silens (Laniarius), 312. silens (Lanius), 312. silens (Melaenornis), 312. silens (Sigelus), 311. silens(Tephrodornis),312. simplex (Melanorais), 312. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. simplex (Melanosoma), 312. sinensis (Calocitta), 71. sinensis (Cblorisoma), 85. sinensis (Oissa), 71. sinensis (Citta), S5. sinensis (Corvus), 39, 81. sinensis (Crypsirhina), 79. sinensis (Dendrocitta), 79, 81. sinensis (Garrulus), 101. sinensis (Glaucopis), 79. sinensis (Oriolus), 197. sinensis (Pica), 79. sinensis (Psilorhinus), 70, 71. sinensis (Temnurus), 79. sinensis (Urocissa), 70, sinensis, var. formosas (Dendrocitta), 80. singularis (Dicrurus), 259. solitarius (Corvus), 42, 49. solitarius (Microcorax), 49. sordida (Aphelocoma), 116. sordida (Oyanocitta),! 16, 117. sordida, var. arizonas (Oyanocitta), 117. sordidus (Cyanurus), 116. sordidus (Garrulus), 116. sordidus (Lanius), 275. speciosa (Oissa), 85. speciosa (Diphyllodes), 174. speciosa (Kitta), 85, 87. speciosa (Par adisea), 174. speciosa (Pica), 85. speciosa (Upupa), 162. speciosa, var. cbrysoptera (Diphyllodes), 175., speciosus (Corvus), 85. speciosus (Epimachus), 162. spermolegos (M'onedula), 26. spermolegus (Corvus), 26. Sphecothera, 223. Sphecotlieres, 188, 223. spinturnix (Oicinnurus), 171. splendens (Corvus), 33, 34. splendens (Criniger), 235. splendidus (Corvus), 137. splendidus (Epimachus), 157. steerii (Oriolus), 213. stelleri (Corvus), 108. stelleri (Oyanocitta), 108, 109. stelleri (Gyanogarrulus), 109. stelleri (Cyanurus), 108. stelleri (Garrulus), 108, 110. stelleri (Pica), 109. stelleri, var. coronata (Cyanura), 111. stelleri, var. diadeniata (Oyanocitta), 111. stelleri, var. frontalis (Oyanura), 109. stelleri, var. macrolophus (Oyanocitta), 110. Strepera, 57. strepera (Barita), 57. strepera (Coracias), 57. strepera (Coronica), 58. strepera (Corvus), 57. strepera (GraculaV 57. strepera (Strepera), 60. streperus (Cracticus), 58. strepitans (Colluricincla), 287. strepitans (Eectes), 287. striata (Mimeta), 210. striata (Promerops), 162. striata (Upupa), 162. striatus (Oriolus), 210. stridens (G-arrulus), 97. strigata (Colluricincla), 291. strigipectus (Oriolus), 215. Struthidea, 140. subalaris (Bradyornis), 310. subcinereus (Turdus), 292. subcornix (Corvus), 31. subcorone (Corvus), 37. suluensis (Oriolus), 205. sumichrasti (Aphelocoma), 114. superba (Lophorbina), 179. superba (Paradisea), 179. superbus (Epimachus), 162. superbus (Ealcinellus), 162. superbus (Promerops), 162. superbus (Ptiloris), 158. superciliosa (Colluricincla), 291. superciliosa (Oyanocitta), 113. superciliosus (Tephrodornis), 275). sylvestris (Corvus), 14. sylvicola (Tephrodornis), 277. t&nioplera (Melanosoma), 312. tcenioptera (Melanornis), 312. tasniurus (Glandarius), 93. taivanus (Garrulus), 101. talacoma (Prionops), 321. Tanypus, 272. Tcha-bert, 282. tectirostris (Bbringa), 257. temia (Corvus), 83. temia (Phrenotrix), 83. temnura (Crypsirhina), 91. temnura (Glaucopis), 9L Temnurus, 91. tenebrosa (Colluricincla), 298. tenebrosus (Pinarolestes), 298. tenebrosus (Eectes), 298. Tenthaca, 274. Tentheca, 274. Tenthera, 274. tenuirostris (Corvus), 31, 43. tenuirostris (Oriolus), 198, 199. t Tephrodornis, 274. Tephrolanius, 274. tbalassina (Cblorisoma), 86. thalassina (Oissa), 85. thalassina (Corapica), 86. thalassina (Kitta), 86. thibetanus (Corvus), 14. Thrush (Harmonic), 290. tibetana (Pica), 63. tibialis (Bectes)5 285. timoriensis (Corvus), 38. timoriensis (Oriolus), 226. tingitanus (Corvus), 19. torquatus (Corvus), 21. trailli (Analcipus), 222. trailli (Oriolus), 222. trailli (Pastor), 222. trailli (Psaropholus), 222, Trichometopus, 234. tricolor (Corvus), 137. tricolor (Prionops), 325* 342 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. tricolor (Signiodus), 325. tristis (G-ymnoeorvus), 50. tropicus (Corvus), 13. truncatus (Temnurus),91. Trypanocorax, 8. turcosa (Oyanocitta), 135. turcosa (Irena), 267. turcosa (Xantkura), 135. turcosus (Oyanocorax), 135. turcosus (Oyanurus), 135. turrium (Monedula), 26. tweeddalii (Irena), 268. typica (Gazzola), 47. tyrannides (Muscicapa), 307. ultrainarina (Aphelocoma), 115. ultramarina (Oyanocitta), 115. ultramarina, var. couchi (Oyanocitta), 116. ultramarinus (Oyanurus), 115. ultramarinus (Garrulus), 113, 115. umbrmus (Corax), 17. urnbrintis (Corvus), 17. unicolor (Aphelocoma), 118. unicolor (Oyanocitta), 118. unicolor (Oyanocorax), 118. unicolor (Oyanurus), 118. Uranornis, 166. TJrocissa,. 69. TJroleuea, 137. uroleucus (Oyanocorax), 124. uropygialis (Colluricincla), 285. uropygialis (Kectes), 285. Vagabunda, 75. vagabunda (Coracias), 76. vagabunda(Crypsirhina), 76. vagabunda(Dendrocitta), 76. vagabunda (Pica), 76. vagabundus (Temnurus), 67. vaillanti (Cyanopica), 68. vaillanti (Paradisea), 159. valiclissinia (Corone), 42. validissimns (Corvus), 42. validus (Corvus), 43. varia (Pica), 63. varia japonica (Pica), 6S. varians (Ooryus), 83. varians (Crypsirhina), 83. yarians (Cryptorhina), S3. ' yarians (G-laucopis), 83. variegatus (Bradyomis), 309. variegatus (Oriolus), 208, 212. veithi (Epimachus), 160. yenatoria (Oissa), 85. venatoria (Kitta), 85. versicolor (Strepera), 60. yictorise (Ptilorhis), 155. victorias (Ptilornis), 155. vigorsii (Garrulus), 102. violacea (Corone), 45. violacea (Paradisea), 159. yiolaceus (Amblycorax), 45. violaceus (Corvus), 45. violaceus (Oyanocorax), 125. ' violaceus (Lanius), 282. virescens (Mimeta), 208. virescens (Oriolus), 192, 208. virescens (Sphecotheres), 224, 226. virgata (Teplirodornis), 278, virgatus (Lanius), 278. virgatus (Tephrodornis), 278. viridescens (Dicrurus), 230. viridescens (Edolius),230. viridicyanea (Oyanocitta), 134. •viridicyanea (Garrulus), 134. ' viridicyaneus (Cyanoco^ rax), 134. viridicyaneus(Cyanurus), 134. viridifusca (Mimeta), 208. viridifuscus (Oriolus), 208. viriclis (Artamia), 282. viridis (Artamus), 282. viridis (Chalybea), 182. viridis (Gracula), 212. viridis (G\raucalus), 225. viridis (Lanius), 282. viridis (Leptopterus), 282. yiridis (Leptopteryx), 282. ' viridis (Mimeta), tS2. viridis (Mimetes), 212. viridis (Ocypterus), 282. viridis (Oriolus), 212. viridis (Paradisea), 182. viridis (Phonysrania), 182. * viridis (Spheeothera), t 226. viridis (Sphecotheres), m 224, 226. viridissima (Mimeta), 207. viridissimus (Oriolus), . ?07' vitiensis (Oolluricincla), 299. vitiensis (Mviolestes), 299. vitiensis (Pinarolestes), t 299. •vittatus (Bradyomis), 312. ' ' vociferus (Corvus), 14. vulgaris (Pica), 63. vulturinus (Corvus), 24. waldeni (Buchanga), 253. waldeni (Dierurus), 253. wallacii (Buelianga). 250. & J wallacii (Epimachus), 178. wallacii (Paradisea), 178. wallacii (Semiopteraj, 178. wiedi (Cyanocephalus). 138. wilhelminze (Epimachus), 160. wilsoni (Callseas), 143. wilsoni (Diphyllodes), wilsoni (Glaucopis), 143. wilsoni (Paradisea), 175. wilsoni (Ptilorhis), 156. wilsoni (Schlegelia), 175. woodhousei (Oyanurus), 114. woodhousii (Aphelocoma), 114. woodhousii (Oyanocitta), 114. woodwardi (Bradyomis), oil. Xanthocitta, 128. xanthogaster (Sericulus), 186. xanthogastra (Chlamydodera), 186. Xanthomeliis, 186. Xanthonotus, 188. xanthonotus (Oriolus), 213. Xanthoura, 128. Xanthura, 128. yncas (COITUS), 129, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. yncas (Cyanocorax), 130, 132. yncas (Cyanurus), 130. yncas (Xanthura), 129. yncas, var. y. cseruieocephala (Oyanocorax), 130. END OF TJBLE THIRD VOLUME. yncas, var. eyanodorsalis (Oyanocorax), 130. yucatimica (Cyanocitta), 133. yucatanica (Xanthura), 133, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET bTttBET. LIST OE PLATES. Plate Physocorax moneduloides I, Strepera crissalis II. Dendrocitta occipitalis III. Garrulus leucotis . IY. Perisoreus capitalis • obscurus } Xantlmra melanocyanea . > YL turcosa YIL quindiuna YIIL Psilorhimis cyanogenys IX. Oriolus steerii X. viridifuscus XI. Sp&ecotheres salvadorii , XII. Chaetorhynclms papuensis XIII. Bradyornis woodwardi XEY. PI .1. •W^ •§. . G-Keulemans de Mnxtern Bros .imp Physocx)j-cux mcnxidulmdes PI. II Mintern Bros. imp. J.G.Keukmall! Siref)era crissalzs. PI. III. Mmtern Bros . imp . J. G.Keulemans del. DervdrociUfiL ocx^cpxiadijs. PL. TV. Mortem Bros . nrip. J. G.Keulemaxts del. GarruluM levtjcotis. Pl.V. . G. Keuleirians del M ntc-rii Bros. /, Peris or ens ctzpitalis. 2, Perisor ens obsearns. PI.VI. . •y ' J. Gklieulemans del. Mnrtern. Bros. imp . Jfojitfuxrcb niglartocyaneas. PI.YE. Mintern Bros . imp . J.G.KeTilemans clel. JicuvthizrcL lixrcoscL. PI. VIE. Mntem Bros. imp. '. G.Keiiiemans del Xcmihxjcraj qvindixuixu. PUX. Mintern Bros . imp. J G.Keulemans del. PsiLarhmxJus cyarwgcnys. Pl.X .G.Ke-alemans del Oriolxis stmrii PI. XL Mmtem Bros. imp . J.G-.Keulemans de Oriolus virlckfixscas. PI. HI. J.G.Keulemans iel. Mintem Bros. imp Sphecot?ieres salvadoriv. PI .XIII & • "Mintern Bros . imp . J.Gr.KeuLemans del. Giaetorfcyrvehus papuensis. Pl.XIV. Mirrtern Bros. imp .G.KeuleiiiaiLS del. 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