Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 
Volume IV 
1879 
eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by 
Humboldt-Universität zu 
Berlin
CATALOGUE 


OF THE 

BIRDS 


ES THE 

IJIUTISH MUSEUM. 

VOLUME IT. 

LOXDOX: 
PRINTED 1 1 OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES. 
1879. 


CATALOGUE 


OF THE 

PASSERIFORMES, 


PERCHING BIRDS, 


TX THE 

COLLECTION 

OFXEJB 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 


ft/ 

u^^^ni^r— 

CICHLOMOEPH.ZE: PAST I. 

COXTAntRTG THE FAMILIES 

CAMPOPEAGIBJE AMD MVSCICA2WM. 

It BOWDLEB -SEARPE. 

LONDON; 
PBIKXE2) BY OEDEB OF THE TBDBTEB& 
XB79. 

LUSEUJ 
>LO€ICUM> 
[GMVERSITAXISI 

Jfam.GuiL.j 

rillNTED BY TAYLOIt AND FIIANCIS, 

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 

PREFACE. 

THE Fourth Volume of the < Catalogue of Birds in the British 
Museum' has been prepared "by llr. II. B. Sharpe, one of the 
Senior A^i-stants in the Zoological Department, and author of 
the three preceding volume.-*.* ' It contains an account of all the 
species of Ciiuii/ujJifHjiihe and Mascjica^bltx known at present. 
From the authors account it would appear that nearly one fouith 
of the species known are still unrepresented in the British iXuseum; 
and the hope may he expressed that ornithologists and collectors 
will assist in rendering this part of the National collection more 
complete than it is at present. 

ALBEET GUXTHEE, 

Keeper of the Department of Zoology. 

British Museum, 
March 1879. 


INIKODITCTION, 

IN the present volume the second group of the Fasseriformes or 
Perehing-birds, containing the Gichlomorplice^ has been commenced, 
and the first two families, consisting of the Cuckoo-Shrikes and 
Ely-catchers, have been described in detail. The total number of 
species enumerated is 539, of which 443 are represented in the 
Collection of the British Museum. A considerable proportion of the 
missing species will no doubt ultimately be found to be identical 
with others included in the present volume. In many cases, the 
absence of generic characters in the writings of the original describers 
of certain species has rendered it extremely difficult to assign to them 
their proper position with any degree of certainty. 

Some idea of the way in which the number of described sj>ecies 
of these families has increased during the last ten years may be 
gathered from the following facts, which also bear testimony to the 
rapid increase of the ornithological collection in the British Museum 
during the same period. 

In 1869, when the last list of Carrvpojpkagidce was published by 
the late Mr. GL R. Gray, in the 6 Hand-list of Birds/ the number of 
described species was 87, of which 72 were in the Museum collection, 
represented by about 250 specimens. 

In the present year the number of described species is 148, and 
of these 127 are in the collection, represented by 514 specimens. 
The number of described species of Musticcvpidce in the year 1869 

IKTRODTTCTIOff. 

V1U 

appears to have boon 253, and the Museum contained 191 of these, 
represented Iby 958 specimens. 

In the present volume 391 species of Ply catchers are described; 
and of these thorc are 316 in the collection of the British Museum, 
represented by 2006 specimens. This great increase in the number 
of examples has taken place, notwithstanding that a great many 
deteriorated specimens have been eliminated from the collection. 

The author has once more the pleasing duty of thanking the 
numerous friends and fellow labourers who have given him more 
and more assistance every year. It would have been scarcely 
possible to have completed the present volume in the time it has 
occupied, on account of the large number of species recently 
discovered in the Papuan islands, had not Count Salvadori brought 
with him to England, and placed in the author's hands, the entire 
series of specimens belonging to the Civic Museum of Geneva, including 
the types of all the species lately described by him. Dr. A. 

B. Meyer has likewise most kindly sent over all the specimens 
collected by him during his voyage in Papuasia, containing the 
types of many species unrepresented in collections in this country. 
During a recent visit to Leyden the author received the greatest 
assistance from Professor Schlegel, who gave every facility for 
the study of the large collections contained in the Museum of that 
city. 
The Museum is indebted for presents to the following gentlemen:— 
Lord Lilford, Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill, Capt. G. H. T. Marshall, 
Governor Usshor, C.M.G., Colonel Sturt, Lieut. H. Trevelyan, Major 
Hayes Lloyd, Mons. E. Pierre, Capt. Vincent Legge, Henry 
Seebohm, Esq., and L. Mandelli, Esq. 

The special thanks of the author for valuable assistance and loan 
of specimens are due to the late Marquis of Tweeddale, Prof. 
Peters, John Gould > Esq., P. L. Sclater, Esq., Professor Newton, 
Osbert Salvin, Esq., P. DuCane Godman, Esq., Prof. Alphonse 
Milne-Edwards, Dr. Otto Einsch, A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., Baron 

A. von Hiigel, Capt. Shelley, Eugene Oates, Esq., Prof. Barboza du 
CraBODUCTION. 

Bocage, E. P. Ramsay, Esq., Messrs. GodefFroy, H. J. Elwes, Esq., 
and Howard Saunders, Esq. 

As in the former volumes, the affixes to the names of the persons 
from whom the specimens were obtained may be explained as follows 
._« [p.] » means " Presented by; " " [C] "=" CoUected by;" 
" [E.] " = " Obtained by exchange." Where Done of these signs are 
used, the specimens were purchased. In some cases the sexes of 
the specimens are enclosed in brackets, as [ <$ ]. This is to indicate 
that although the author has no doubt in his own mind that the 
specimen is a male, the label attached to the individual bears no 
indication of the sex. 

K BOWDLER SHARPE. 

British Museum, 

Feb. 19, 1879. 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 


Order PASSEBIFORMES. 

Suborder PASSERES. 

I. ACnOMYODI. 

a. Basseres nonnales. 

SECTION TUKDIFOBMES. 

Group I. OoLio^xonrnjs. 

Fam. PBIOXOPID.3E. 
Page 
la. Coclioa, Hodgs 2 

1. viridis, Hodgs 2, 469 

2. purpurea, Ilodys 8 

3. azlireaj Temm 4 
10a. Pbseornis,* Sclater 5 

1. obseura, Gm,.. 5 

Group EL OICBXOMOBPHJS, 

Fam. CAMPOPHAGIDJE. 

1. Artamides, Hartl. 8 

1. ealedonicus, Gm 10 

2. scbistaceus, Sharpe .... 11 
"" 3. larvatus, 8. Midi. 11 

4. sumatrensis, 8. Midi. .. 12 

5. pollens, Salvad. 13 

6. p^onatuSy 8. Midi 13 

7. ^^YSm^Sahad. 14 
-8. floris, 8karj)e 14 

1L B5^^®» Bp. ...... 16 

12. atneeps, A ilfwtf. 16 

13. bicolor, Temm. 17 

14. fortis/fe/M<£.......... 18 


15. striates, JBodd. 18 

16. dobsoni, BaU 20 

2. OampoekBra, Salvad. .... 21 

1. sloetii, Schl 21 

8. Pteropodocys, Gould 22 

1. phasianella, Goxdd 22 

4. Graucalus, Cuvier 23 

1. boveri, Gray 25 
. 2. SfiBafiris, Sharpe 26 
x 3. csesius, Licht 26 


4. azureus, Cass 27 

5. axillaris, Salvad 27 

G. cinereus, P. L. S. Mull.. 28 

7. pectoralis, J. $ 8. 29 

8. melanops, Lath 30, 469 
a*, pamrostrig, Gould .. 32 

9. leucopygius, Bp 33 

10. javgom Horsf. .... 33, 469 

11. inacii, Bess 84 

12. ref-pineti, Sioinli 35 

13. bypoleiicus, Gould .... 86 
14.m^taEs,^.^g....... 37 

15. papjE|8§is, Gm. 39 

16. a^jj^^^Salvad. 40 

17. UsSS& jSfeoaww 40 

18. lnaforensis, Meyer 41 

5. Edoliisoma, Jacq. $* Pucker. 42 

1. caerulescens, Blyih .. 44, 469 

2. nigrum, Gam 45 

3. dispar, Salvad. 46 

4. montanwn, Meyer...... 46 

5. ceramense, Bp 47 
^ 6. salvadorii, Sharpe 48 


7. timoriense, Sharpe .. 49, 470 

8. marginatum, Wall. 50 

9. scbistieeps, Gray 50 

10. obiense, Salvad. 51 

11. araense, Sharpe 52 

12. ineertum, Meyer 52 

13. meyeri, Salvad. 53 

14. remotmn, Sharpe 54 
x ^ ^-^j^ ^ Mtdl 54 

16. mm3anense, Tweedd. ,, 470 

17. tejaujjo&tre, Jard. 55 

18. nesiotis, Marti, $ Finsch 56 

19. grayi, Sharpe 57 

20. anale, Verr. $* Des Murs 58 

6. Lobotus, JReichetd). ...,,. 58 

1. lobatus, Temm,.,..,,•. 58 

MtmA^M^ Kf*Awn\ i.ftn« ifi\Ji*fift 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 

7. 
Campopliaga, V. 59 
1. phoe-iiccaj Lutli 59 
2. xantkonioides, Less. . . GO 
8. haHTauM, Saluad 62 
4. mora, V. 02 
5. quiscalina, Finsch .... 63 
0. lugubrjig, Sundev. .. G5, 471 
7. intermedia, Hume .... 06 
8. saturata, Sicinh QQ 
9. nielanoptera, Rupp. . . G7 
10. neglecta, .Z/wwe .. G87 471 
11. poTioptera, Sharpe.. 69, 471 
<S. Pericrocotus, 2?o/<? 70 
1. speciosuss, Lath, .. 71,471 
2. eleaSSsT-AZ* CM. 70 
3. andamanensi8,2&?tfy.#r?/£ 73 
4. flari]mifer, Hume .... 74 
5. xanftqga^ey, Raffl. .. 74 
G. flammeus, Forster.. 75, 471 
7. exsuTfTTaW 76 
Q 8. peregnmjs, -£ 76, 471 
9. k>neu^ Blyth 78 
10. bre\irostris, Vig. .. 79, 471 
11. neglectus, Hume...... 80 
12. miniatus, Temm ^0 
13.roseus7K 81 
14. 
solans, Blyth 82 
15. griseigularis, Swinh. .. 83 
16. cinereiis, Lafr 83 
17. immbdestus, Hume.... 83 
18. cantonensis, Swinh. .. 84 
19. 
erytliropygius, Jerd, . . 85 
20. albifron*, Jod. 86 
9. Lalage, Boie 86 
1. sjkebi,, Strichl 89 
a. melanotborax, Sharpe 91 
2. melanoleuca, Blyth. 91, 471 
3. tricolor, Swains 92 
4. atroViilms, Gray 93 
5. timoriensis, S. Midi. .. 94 
v 6. t&mthBodd 95 
7. pacliaca, Gm 97 
8. leucbpygialiN, Gray .. 98 
9. leucoptera, Sold 99 
10. wMtmeeiJ Sharpe 100 
' 11. banksiana, Gray 100 
12. ruiiveutec, Swains 101 
13. newtoni, Pollen 102 
14. iri^peraCa, Finsch 103 
15. 
fimbriate, Temm. . 103, 472 
a", culmmata, A. Hay.. 104 
10. monaclia, II. Sf F. 105 
17. leucomelawja, V. § II. 106 
18. aurea, Temm 108 
10. 
Symmbrplius, Gould .... 109 
1. leticopygius, Gould.... 109 
2. nseyius^ Forster 109 
Kim. MusciCAPiD-as. 
Page 

1. 
Hemichelidon, Ilodgs. .. 120 
0 1. sibirica, Gm 120 
2. ferruginea, Ilodgs 122 
* 2. 
Microcca, Gould 122 
-j 1. fasciuans, Lath 123 
2. assimilis, Goukl 124 
3. flavoyiresceDS, Gray .. ]25 
4. 
flaviaaster, Gould .... 126 
« 3. Alseonax, Cab 126 
1. latii'Obtiis, Rajfl. 127 
2. aetata, ifok 129 
3. minima, Ileugl. 129 
4. comitata, Cass 130 
5. epula^a, Cass 131 
6. fantisieiids, Sharpe . . 131 
7. rnuttui, Layard 132 
8. rnandelli, Hume 472 
4. 
Batis, Bole 133 
1. capensis, L 133 
2. senegaleiisi^, L 134 
3. d^^^s Heugl 136 
4. mmulla, Borage 137 
5. molitor, Hakn fy X .. 137 
6. plirit, V. L'!8 
7. minima, J. § F. Verr. 139 
5. Diaphoropliyia, Bp 140 
1. eagtaiiea, Eraser 140 
2. blissetti, Sharpe 141 
3. concreta, Hartl 142 
Bias, Less 142 
a 

1. niusicus, V. 142 
Artomyias, J. Sf F. Verr. 144. 
3. fuligmosa, J. fy F. Verr. 144 
2. usslieri, Sharpe 144 
Platystira, J. $ S. 145 
4 8. 
1. cvanea^ P. L. S. Hull. 145 
2. alBifrons, Sharpe. ..... 147 
3. peltata, Sundev 147 
4. mentali5', Bocac/e 472 
9. Newtonia, Schl $ Foil. .. 14S 
r 1. brunneicauda, A. Neivt. 148 
10. 
Museicapa, L 149 
l.riisi, Hartl. ..^ 149 
2. madag*a^cari{md%GV«;^/, 149 
3. caeiuleocephala, Scoj). . 149 
4. luzoniensis, Scop 149 
5. maerura, Scop 1^9 
6. pliilippinensis, Gm 149 
7. manillen4s, Scop 149 
- 
8. giisola, L 151, 473 
9. finscld, Bocuge 473 
t j 10. griseibticta, Sicinh 153 
11. ar|uatTca,l?tx^ 154 
12. 
cseralescens, Hartl. .. 154 
a. cinerascens, Sharpe . 155 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page Page 
> 13. ljigsaa* Sara. 125 2. cinerascens, Sharpe .. 212 

- 3. inornaia, Wall 213 

14. modesta, Hartl 156 

15. sordida, Godto.-Amt. .. 156 4. simplex, Cab 213 

5. teiQja, Cab 214 
?17. collans, Bechst 160 

016. atricapilla, L 157, 473 

6. sulfurea^ Wall 214 

7. liypoxantha, Salvad. .. 215 

* 18. parva. Bechst 161 

18. Pseudogerygone, Sharpie.. 215 

19. albicilla, Pall 162 

1. igataj Q.$G 218 

20. hjperyllira,. Cab 163 

2. modesta, Pet 219 

11. Petroeca, Swains 164 

3. ruficollid, Salvad 219 

1. leggii, Sharpe 1(15 

4. culicivora, Gould 220 

2. phoeriicea, Gould 166 

5. cinerea, Salvad. 220 

3. multicolor, Gm 168 

6. bnmneipectus, Sharpe.. 221 

4. pu-silla, Peale UJ8 

7. conspicillata, Gray .... 221 

5. similis, Gray 169 

8. magnirostris, Gould.... 222 

6. rhodinogastra, Drap. .. 170 

9. fla\ Ilateralis, Gray 2^2 
(i 8. gTOTteno^ii, V. $ H. .. 171 

7. rosea, Gould 170 

10. fuEca, Gould 223 

11. lseviffastra, Gould 223 

9. ramsaTi, oharpe 172 

12. albifrontala, Gray .... 224 

10. bicolor, V. § II 173 

13. rufe^cenb, Salvad. 225 

a. picata, Gould 174 

14. rubra, Sharpe 225 

11. toitoi, Gam 174 

15. chryhOgastra, Gray .... 226 

12. mlicrocepliala, Gm 176 

16. ariakiana, Salvad 226 

13. vittata, Q. & G 177 

17. notata, Salvad. 227

12. Pratincola, Koch 178 

18. neglecta, Wall 227 

1. rubetra, L 179, 473 

19. trochiloides, Salvad. .. 228 

2. macrorliynclia, Stol 182, 473 

20. maforensis, Meyer .... 228 

3. insignis, Blyth 183 

21. chloronota, Gotdd 229 

4. borborrica, Bern/ 183 

22. poTToceplrala, Salvad. .. 229 

5. salax, J. $• E. Verr. .. 184 

23. personata, Gould 229 

6. rubieola, L 185, 474 

24. palpebrosa, Wall 230 

7. maura, Pall 188 

19. Cliasiempis, Cab* 231 

8. torgyata, L 190 

1. sandvicensis, Gm 232 

9. syHlla;X 191 

2. (ffSiSalarif. Sf F.... 232 

10. hemjgnchi, Fhrenb. .. 193 

20. Muscylva, Jaeq. et Pucher. 233 

11. leucux&j iBIt/th.. 194 

1. lessoni, Jaeq. et Pucher. 233 

12. caprata, L 195 

21. mio^JCess. 234 

13. albifasciata, JRiipp 193 

1. albifrons, Gm 235 

13. Erytbromyias, Sharpe.... 199 

2. au&tralis, Sparrm 235 

1. dumetoria, Wall 199 

3. traversi? Buller 236 

2. muelleri, Blyth 200 

3. 
pyrrhonota, Mull. § 22. Lanioturdus, Waterh 237 
Schl 200 1. torquata, Waterh 237 

14. Poliomyias, Sharpe ... . 201 , 23. Metabolus, Bp 238 
) 1. luteola, Pa# 201 j 1. rugensis, H. 8? J....... 238 

2. hodgsoni, Verr 203 24. Heteroiuyias, Sharpe .... 239 

15. Mnscicapula, Blyth 203 1. cinereifrons, Ramsay .. 239 

1. supereiliajjs, Jerd. ... . 204 25. Monachella, Salvad. 240 

2. 
astigmaj Gray 205 1. miielleriana, Schl .... 240 

3. hjg&jthm,, Blyth ... . 206 26. Poecttodryasp#ow/f/ 240 

4. macftiat^ Tick 207 1. cerviniventris, Gotdd .. 242 

5. sappMra, Tick 208 2. superciliosa, Gould .... 242 

16. Smicrornis, Gotdd 209 3. cinerea, Sharpe 243 

1. brevirostris, Gould ... . 209 4. brachyura, Sclater .... 243 

2. flavescens, Gould .... 210 5. hypoleuca, Gray ...... 244 

17. Geryjspne, Gould 211 6. bmiaatlata, Salvad..... 244 

1. albigularis, Gould 212 7. albinotata, Salvad. .... 245 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 

8. leueops, Salvad. ...... 245 

9. capito, 6W d 245 

10. nana, Ramsay 240 

11. papuana, Meyer 247 

27. TLyl&afapSwaim 247 

1. ilavigastra, Stoains 248 

2. viblacea, 7. $ E. Vcrr. . 248 

28. Xantbopygia, Bhjtli .... 249 

1. narcissina, Temm 249 
) 2. iffiqtMpIartl 250 

3. cyauom«la?iia, Temm. .. 251 

3 4. fuliginosa, Tig 253 

29. Tarsiger, Ilodgs. 254 

1. cyanurus, Ball 2o5 

2. rufilatus, Hodrjs 256 

3. hyperythxus, Blyth .... 257 

4. kocigspnj, Moore 258 

5. indiciis, V. 259 

6. cbrvsceus, Ilodgs 260 

7. stellate, V.., 261 

30. Lioptilus, Cab 262 

1. mgricapillus, V. 262 

2. olivascens, Cass 263 

31. 
Oreicola, Bp 263 

1. jerdoni^ Blyth 264 

2. nfelanoleuca, V. 265 

3. fev^J,ffl/ ^60 

32. Stenostira, Cab. & Bp. .. 267 

1. scjja, V. 267 

33. Parisoma, Swains 268 

1. subcsernleum, V. 268 

2. plunibeum, Hartl.69 

3. layardi, Sartl 270 

34. Aetlioinyias, Sharpe .... 271 

1. spilodera, Gray 271 

35. Cbloropeta, Smith 272 

1. natalensis, Smith 272 

2. icterina, Sundev 273 

36. 
Hypotbynris, Bote 273 
<_ 1. azurea, Bodd 274 

2. occipitalis, Vig 275 

3. ceylouensis, Sharpe.... 277 

4. puella, Wall 277 

5. rowleyi, Meyer 278 

6. snperciliaris, Sharpe .. 278 

37. 
Cyanomyias, Sharpe .... 278 
l."ccelestis, Tweedd. 278 

38. 
Cbelidorbynx, Ilodgs 279 

1. bypoxantba, Blyth .... 279 

39. Todopas; Up. .... 280 

1. cyanocepbak, Q.§Q... 280 

2. bonapartii, Gray 281 

3. my^orien&iy, Meyer .... 282 

4. wallaeii, Gray 283 

5. eoronata, Goidd 284 

40. 
ChenorLami bus, Oust. ,. 284 

Page 

1. grayi, Wall 284 

41. Olytomyias, Sharpe,..... 2^5 

1. insignia, Sharpe 285 

42. 
Maluriib; V. 2bo 

1. Cjraneus, Mis 286 
„ 2. gouldi, Sharpe 287 
^ 3. melanaiu^ Gould 288 

4. canaiims, Gould 289 

5. splendent Q. # G 289 

6. leucojDterus, Q. # G. . . 290 

7. leucono£!£, Gould 291 

8. elearans, Gould .... 291 

9. \^^t^ Vm fyEm . _ 992 

10. anubflis, Gould 293 

11. pulcberriniu^, Gould .. 294 

12. coronatiu, Gould 295 

13. melanocephalijs, V. $-H. 296 

14. dorsalis, Leicin 2u6 

15. at^^apulatuSj Meyer . . 297 

43. Eiythrocefcus, Hartl.... 298 

1. maccalli, Cass. 298 

2. livingstonii, Finsch Sf 
Ilartl 298 

44. Trocliocercii3, Cab 299 

1. eyjmonielas, V. 299 

2. nijeng, Cass 300 

3. bcmbonicus, Gm 302 

45. RMpidura, Vig. $ Eorsf. 303 

1. flabellifera, Gm 309 

2. bulgeri, Layard 308 

3. albiscapa, Goidd .. 310, 474 

4. preiissi, Cab. 310 

5. witurata, Sharpe 311 

6. brencbleyi, Sharpe .... 311 

7. pelzelni/6rr#?/ ....... . 312 


8. verreauxi, Marie...... 312 

9. spilodera, Gray 313 

10. melanolsema, Sharpe .. 313 

11. kiibaiii, Finsdi ...... 314 

12. personata, Ramsay .... 314 

13. albilimbata, Salvad.... 315 

14. ngiwlQsa^ JPeale 315 

15. fuliginosa, Sparrm 310 

16. bxacjiyrliyiicba, Schl .. 316 

17. albicoUis^F. 317 

18. squamata, "Mull fy Schl 318 

19. elegantula, Sharpe .... 319 

20. rufiiron&, Lath 319 

21. versicolor, H. $ F. 320 

22. semirabra, Sclater. .... 321 

23. sumicollmit,MidlfySchl 321 

24. dr\ as, Gould 322 

25. rii&dorsa, Meyer ...... 322 

26. lepida, II $ F. 322 

27. m^Sahad, 323 

28. cyaniceps, Cass 323 

SYSTEMATIC IKJDEX. XT 

Page 

1. eeylp^nsis, Swains. .. 369 
2. hm^kei Wall .... 370 
3. panayensis, Sharpe .... 371 
53. Myiagra, V. $ H. 371 o .f 
1. rube^ula, Lath 373 
2. eonciiina, Gould 374 
3. nitida, Gould 375 
4. rufirenMs, Miot 376 
5. atFiventris, Peale 377 
6. modesti, way 378 
7. caledonica, Bp 378 
8. melanura, Gray 379 
o 9. pjuto, Finsch ........ 380 
10. atra, Meyer 380 
11. latirostris, Gould 381 
12. riifigula, Wall 382 
5 13. 0CQznic2L7Jacq. <$ Puchmm. 383 
14. erjfcbrops, H. & F. 383 
15. azureieapiUa, Layard .. 383 
16. castaneigularis, Layard 384 
17. galeata, Gray 385 
lb. goramensis, Sharpe .... 386 
54. Pseudobias, Sharpe 386 
1. wardij Sharpe 386 
55. MegaHas, J. Sf E. Verr... 387 
1. flammulatua,J".^.Ferr. 387 
56. Sinitbornis, Bp S88 
1. capensis, Smith 388 
2. rufflateralis, Gray .... 389 
57. Macbs&rorTiyncbus, Gould 390 
1. flavi venter, Gould .... 390 
2. xantbogenvs, Gray.... 391 
3. aXhiWmf/tfray 892 
4. nigripectuSy Schl 392 
58. Orvptolopba, Swains 393 
1. kirM, Burt 395 
2. trivirgata, StricJd. 396 
3. cantata ix, Tick 397 
4. fulviventer,6roffjo.--4^. 397 
5.n&m^Hor$f.fyMoore.. 398 
6. xantbosebista, Gray .. 398 
7. scjiisticeps, Gray 400 
8. Ha.Yigul&vte}Godw.-Aust. 474 
9. ruficapiUa, Sunder. ... 400 
10. umbrivirens, Bupp 401 
11. superciliaris, Tick 402 
12. scEwaneri, Blyth 403 
13. poliogenys, Blyth 403 
14. castaneiceps, Gray .... 404 
15. grammicejgs, Sirihkl. .. 404 
16. albTguTaris* Moore .... 405 
17. Mvifacies, Swinh 406 
18. bodgsoni, Moore ...... 406 
59. Sisura, V. $ H. 407 
1. inquieta, Lath. 407, 474 
S.mmjGould..,. 408 
Page 1 

29. albiventris, Sha ye .... 324 
33. pliceiiicuri, Mull.fyScJiL 324 
31. tbrenotborax,3I«/^S'<?/i£ 325 
32. macullpectu^, Gray....
33. leueotborax, Sahad. ..
34. bouruensis Wall
35. cinerea, Wall
36. perlata. S. MiiH) 37. setpsa, Q. $ G. ......
38. assimilis, Gray
39. koi densiSj Meyer .
49. vidua, Sahad. $ Turati
41. obiensi-, Sahad, ......
42. nifiventrisj V. ........
43. diluta, Wall.
^ 44. jayanica, Sparrm
45. nigritQiqiiis. Vic/
46. p^ctoralis, Jerd.
47. l^MMZSahad
43. erytbronota, Sharpe
49. rutilatera1is, Sharpe 
, .

 . .

50. byperytbra, Gray ....
- 51. albifrontata, FranU. ..
0 52. tricolor, V.
46. Neomyias, Sharpe
1. euryura, S. Midi
47. Zeocepbus, Bp
1. rufus, Gray
2. clnriatrionieus, Sharpe..
3. cyane&cens, Sharpe....
48. Terpsipbone, Ghger ....
3 1. paradisi, L
k 8. incix^ Gould
Q 4. fiESJaia, L.


5. vatpina,' B. Newt
0. cristata, Gm
7. eryibroptera, Sharpe . .
8. perspicillata, Swains. ..
9. tricolor, Fraser
10. nigriceps, Hartl
11. rujSlventris, Swains
12. princeps, Temm
13. atricbalybea, Thorns. ..
14. corvina," B. NewtU , 49. Elminia, Bp. .... 
326 
327 
327 
328 
328 
329 
330 
339 
331 
331 
331 
332 | 
332 
334 
335 
336 
337 
337 
333 
338 
339 
342 j 
342 i 
342 j 

 343 
343 i 
343 
344 
346 

 350 
351 
353 | 
354 
357 
357 
359 
359 
360 
361 
362 
362 

 363 

1. longjcauga, Swains 363 
2. teresita, Antin. ...... 364 
3. albicauda, Bocage 364 
t ' 50. Pbilentoma, JSyton ...... 365 
1. velatum, Temm. . 365 
2. pyrrbopterum, Temm... 366 
51. Rbinomyias, Sharpe .... 367 
1. pectoralis, Sahad. ..., 368 
2. ruficauda, Sharpe ,, 368 
52. Culicicapa, Sioinh. ...... 369 
CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS. 


Order II. PASSEBIFOKMES. (Vol. iii. p. 1.) 

Suborder!, PASSERES. 

Group L COLIOMOBPHJE. 

Pam. Y. PBIONOPIDJE. (Vol. iii. p. 270.) 

In the course of the examination o! the families described in the 
present volume, I have come to the conclusion that two genera at 
least should belong to the Prionopidse, and not to the families in 
which they are generally placed. These are the genera Cochoa and 
Phceomis, the former placed near Wiltava (Muscicapidse), and the 
latter in Eopsaltria (Laniidse) by the late Mr. G. B. Gray. 

The genus Cochoa must be inserted immediately after Grallina 
(Cat. B. iii. p. 272) and between that genus and TepJirodornis; and 
the key on p. 270 must be modified as follows :— 

a. 
Distance between the primaries and the secondaries 
greater than the length of the tarsus. 
«'. Wing short or moderate, falling short of the tip of 
the tail by more than the length of the culmen j no 
eye-wattle. 


au. Tail square or slightly rounded, shorter than the 
wing. 
a,u. First primary moderate; second primary longer 
than the secondaries. 
«*. Bill narrow, measuring at gape less than the 
middle toe without claw .,,.,., . GHAIXINA. 
5*. Bill broader, measuring at gape as much as 
middle toe without claw. ,. COCHOA. 

The following will be the synonymy and description necessary to 
®<L(L in the case of the last-named genus:— 

VOL, IT, 
B 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Piige 

CO. Arses, Less 408 

1. telchcopbtbajnins, Gy«n?. 400 

2. aruo^siflj Sharpe 410 

3. Tbatantjo, Sharpe 411 

4. Laupi, Gould 411 

5. iubularis, Meyer 412 

01. Piezorbyucbus, Gould .. 413 

0 1. alecto, Temm 415 

2. mtittiis, Gov Id 410 

3. fubfensis, Meyer 417 

4. bemstemi, Salvad. .... 417 

0 5. mgrimentum, Gray. ... 418 

0. trhirgatus, Tcm?n 418 

7. gouldi, Gray 419 

8. diadem atus, Salvad. . . 419 

0. bimaculatus, Gray .... 420 

10. melanopterus, Gray .. 420 

11. dicbrous, Gray 421 

12. yerticalis, Sclater 422 

13. g^LttulatiiSj Gam 422 

14. morotensis, Sharpe .... 423 

15. leucotis, Gould 423 

10. piteatus, Salvad ,. 424 

17. loricatus, Wall 425 

18. leucurus, Gray 425 

19. infelix, Sclater 426 

20. axillaris, Salvad. 426 

21. brebmi, Scltl 426 

22. cbrjsomelas, Gam 427 

23. kordmm,"Meyer 427 

24. aiue"nsiSj Salvad 428 

02. 
Monarcha, V. fy H. 429 
L melanojsjs, V. 430 

2. cSBSSCens, Salvad. .... 431 

3. frater, Sclater 431 

4. inomatus. Gam 431 

5. goctefiSoyt Hw& • • • • 4^2 

63. Peltops, Wagl 433 

1. "blamvillii', Gam 433 

64. Pomarea, JBp 434 

1. njgra; Sparrm 434 

2. casEaneiventris, J. Verr* 435 

65. Stoparda, Blyth 435 

1. kidlgg, Ilorsf. 436 

2. alJncajidMa,*Jerd. 437 

3. concreta, S. Miill. .... 437 

(3 4. melanops, Vig 438 

5. tliafrlfesiiioide&, Cab 439 

6. panayensis, Sharpe .... 440 

7. sordida, IValden 440 

06. Sipbia, Hodgs 441 

1. byacintbi|ia, Temm. .. 443 

2. pallidipes, Jerd 444 

3. unicolor, Blyth 444 
O 4. rubeculoides* Vig 445 

5. elegans, Temm 447 
C 6. tickelli», Blyth 447 
Q 7. baiiyuma&j Ilorsf. 449 

8. pliilippiuensiS; Sharpe. . 450 

9. siuiiatrensis, Sharpe . . 451 

10. cseruleata, Bp 451 

11. beccaiiana, Salvad. .... 452 

12. turcosa, Briiyg. ...... 453 

0 13. magnirostris, Blyth 453 

14. rufigula. Wall. 454 

15. nigrorufa, Jerd 455 

16. stropbiata, Hodgs 455 

17. ruBcauSa, Swains 457 

18. olivacea, Hume 457 

19. albo-olivacea, Hume .. 457 

67. Digenea, Hodgs 458 

1. leueomelaniira, Blyth .. 459 

2. cerriniventris, Sha7*pe.. 460 

3. moniliger, Hodgs 400 

4. su&rnortiliger, Hume .. 461 

5. solitaria, S. Mull. .... 461 

68. Niltava, Hodgs 402 

6 1. sundara, Hodgs 463 

2. vmda, Sioinh 463 

3. grandis, Blyth 464 
4> n^a3Jfiai», Burton .. 465 

69. 
Ca&sinE, Hartl 466 

1. fraseri, Strichl. 466 

2. finsebij Sharpe 467 

3. semipartita, Rupp 468 

CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS. 


Order II. PASSERIFORMES. (Vol. ili. p. 1.) 

Suborder L PASSERES. 

Group L COLIOHOBPBLE. 

Pam. V. PEIOE"OPID^E. (Vol. iii. p. 270.) 

I n the course of the examination of the families described in the 
present volume, I have come to the conclusion that two genera at 
least should belong to the Prionopidas, and not to the families in 
which they are generally placed. These are the genera Oochoa and 
Phasornis, the former placed near Niltava (Muscicapidae), and the 
latter in Eojpsaltria (Laniidse) by the late Mr. G. E. Gray. 

The genus Oochoa must be inserted immediately after Grallina 
(Cat. B. iii. p. 272) and between that genus and T&phrodomis; and 
the key on p. 270 must be modified as follows :—^ 

a. 
Distance between the primaries and the secondaries 
greater than the length of the tarsus, 
m\ "Wing short or moderate, falling short of the tip of 
the tail by more than the length of the culmen j no 
eye-wattle, 


-a". Tail square or slightly rounded; shorter than the 
wing. 
€ttn. First primary moderate; second primary longer 
than the secondaries. 
<z4. Bill narrow, measuring at gape less than the 
middle toe without claw GBAiiLiNA. 

W. Bill broader, measuring at gape as much as 
middle toe without claw ,..., . OOCHOA. 
Th e following will be the synonymy and description necessary to 
add in the case of the last-named genus;— 
VOL, IV. B 

PRIONOPIDJ*:. 

COCHOA. 

Cochoa, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. v. p. 359 (1836) C. viridis. 
Oreas, Temm. 1838 (teste Gray) 0. azurea. 
Prosorinia, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. x. p. 28 (1841) (nom. emend. 

pro Oochoa) C. viridis. 
Xenogenys, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 54 (1850) C. azurea. 

Bill of Cochoa purpurea. 

Range. Himalaya Mountains ; Fokien province, China; Java. 

Key to tlie Species. 

a. Centre tail-feathers blue, tipped with black; wings 
with a speculum formed by the light blue bases to 
the outer webs of the primaries. 
a'. Back green ; head cobalt viridis, p. 2. 
b'. Back purplish brown ; head lavender-grey purpurea, p. 3. 

b. Centre tail-feathers dark blue, but not tipped with 
black ; wings blackish, the feathers edged with blue, 
but not forming a conspicuous speculum azurea, p. 4. 
1. Cochoa viridis. 
Cochoa viridis, Hodqs. J. A. S. B. v. p. 359; Blyth, J. A. S. B. rv 
p. 313 j Gray $ Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 280, pi. lxviii.; Blyth, Cat 
B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 194; Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. Nepal Coll, 
Hodgs. p. 96; Goidd, B. Asia, part i.; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 243 
Swinhoe, Ibis, 1868, p. 354 ; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 325, no. 4873 , 
Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 374 ; David $ Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 214; 
Inglis, Stray F. 1877, p. 37. 
Prosorinia viridis, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. xii. p. 450; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 350. 
Adult. General colour above green, the feathers of the back and 
scapulars with black tips, rather broader on the least and median 
wing-coverts, which are like the back; greater coverts green, broadly 
tipped with black, and having an external margin of pale silvery 
blue ; primary-coverts black, externally silvery blue for about half 
their length; quills black, silvery blue along the outer web at its 
base, the secondaries at the extreme basal part ochraceous brown ; 
centre tail-feathers slaty blue, broadly tipped with black, the next 
feathers black, slaty blue along the greater part of the outer web, 
the outer.feathers entirely black; crown of head cobalt-blue, deeper 
blue on the nape and hind neck; feathers in front of the eye 

C0CH0A. 

blackish; ear-coverts dark bine ; cheeks and under surface of body 
bluish green, shaded with cobalt on the breast, the under iailcoYerls 
greener; under wing-coverts green, the greater ones near 
the edge brown; quills brown below, lighter along the inner web; 
" bill black; legs fleshy brown: iris brown " {Jerdon). Total length 
11 inches, cuimen 0-85, wing 5*4, tail 4*6, tarsus 1*1. 

Hah. Eastern Himalayas; Fokien, China. 

a. Ad. sk. Nepal. J3. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
2. Cochoa purpurea. 
Cochoa purpurea, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. v. p. 359; Myth, J. A. S. B. 
xv. p. 313 * Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280 • id. Cat Mamm.fyc.Nepal 
CoU. Hodgs. p. 96; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 195; Gould, 
B. Asia, part i.; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JE.L Co. i. p. 390; 
Jerdon, B. India, ii. p. 243; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 325, no. 4872. 
Prosorinia hodgsoni, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xL p. 182. 
Prosoiinia purpurea, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. xii. p. 450, cum fig.; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. o50. 
Adult male. General colour above purplish brown, the wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series slightly washed with 
lavender-grey on the outer web; bastard plumes lavender-grey: primary-
coverts black, lavender-grey at base• quills blackish, lavender 
at base of outer web of the primaries and for a good part of the 
same on the secondaries, the inner secondaries purplish brown like 
the back; tail lavender-grey, black at tip, the inner webs of the 
outer feathers blackish ; head and nape lavender- blue• lores, sides 
of head, sides of face, and cheeks black, extending behind the nape 
in the shape of a fringe; under surface of body purplish brown, 
including the under wing-coverts and axillaries; "bill and legs 
black; iris dark brown " (Jerdon). 
Adult female. Different from the male. Dark ochraceous brown 
above and below ; wings and tail as in the male, but the lavender-
grey of the quills much paler and overshaded with the ochraceous 
brown of the back• the secondaries entirely like the back, with indistinct 
shading of grey, the tips black; crown paler than in the 
male, the sides of the head black, encircling the nape. Total length 
11 inches, cuimen 0*8, wing 5*55, tail 4*4, tarsus 1*1. 
Nestling. Brown like the female, varied with ochraceous streaks 
and spots down the centre of each feather, the wing-coverts having 
large ovate drops at their ends; head mottled with whitish lavender 
spots on the feathers; throat ochraceous buff; remainder of under 
surface pale ochraceous buff, deeper on the abdomen, all the feathers 
edged broadly with dusky brown, the under tail-coverts brown, 
longitudinally centred with pale ochraceous. 
Hah, Himalaya Mountains. 

a-c. S ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq HP.]d, 
e. 2 ad. &k. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
/ . Pull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 
g. $ ad. bk. Nynee TaL Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.]. 
X. 5 ad. sk. N. India. 

 PRT0N0PIDJ2. 

3. Coc&oa azuxea. 
Turdus azureua, Temm. PI. Col ii. pi. 274. 
Ixus azureus, Temm, torn. tit. Tall. Meth. p. 15.^ 
Oreas azureus, Temm. (teste Gray), Bp. Consp. i. p. 350. 
Cochoa azurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280• id, Hand-l. B. i. p. 325, 


no. 4874 
Xenogenys azurea, Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. i. p. 54. 


Adult female. General colour above dull blue, the bead greyish 
azure, the wing-coverts and quills blackish externally, washed with 
greyish cobalt; ear-coverts dull greyish azure, like the crown; lores 
dusky brown; under surface of body umber-brown, washed with 
purplish blue on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; under wing-
coverts brown, like the breast; the edge of the wing blue; tail-
feathers blackish, washed externally with dull azure. Total length 
9*5 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4*65, tail 4*2, tarsus 1*05. 

Adult male. Like the female, but somewhat richer blue, and having 
the entire under surface deep purplish blue without any brown on 
the throat. Total length 9 inches, wing 4*75, tail 4*2, tarsus 1*05. 

Obs. A young bird from Java is dull bluer-black above, without 
any lighter azure-blue on the head, the wing-coverts and quills only 
being externally brighter blue; on the throat and chest are remains 
of mottled plumage, the feathers orange-buff with black edges. 

Hob. Java. 

a, 5. d 2 ad. sk. W. Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq, [O.]. 
c, Jun. sk. W. Java. A. R, Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 

The table in the * Catalogue of Birds/ vol. iii. p. 271, must also 
be modified for the reception of Phceomis as follows, the second 
section of the Prionopidce beginning:— 

&4. Inner toe (without claw) shorter than, or 

equal to, the hind toe (without claw). 

cs. Nostrils exposed and not hidden by 

bristles. 

<$. Culmen much longer than hind toe 

or Claw PlNABOLESTES. 

€6. Culmen not exceeding the length of 

hind toe and claw. 

a7. Second primary longer than the 

secondaries. 

a8. Wings 1 ong, the distance between 

the tips of the quills and the tail 

less than the tarsus- nostrils 

situated ha a wide oval groove. PHJEOKJSIS, 

b8. Wings short, falling short of end 

of tail by more than the length 

of tarsus; nostrils situated in a 

somewhat rounded groove BKADYORNIS. 

b7. Second primary equal to the secon


daries CuPHOPTEKtTS, 

ds. Nostrils entirely hidden by plumes.... { ^RASERI^


PHJEOKNIS.

 5 

At page 302 of the previous volume would be placed, therefore :— 

10 a. P&ffiORNIS. 
Type. 
Pheeornis, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 327 P. cbscura. 

Bill of Pkawmis obscura, to show position of nostrils. 

Range. Confined to the Sandwich Islands. 

1. Phseornis obscura. 
Dusky Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 344. 
Muscicapa obscura, Gm. S. 2V. i. p. 945 (ex Lath.) ; Gray, Gen. B. 

i. p. 263. 
Tsemoptera obscura, Cass. Xl.S. JExpl. Exp. p. 155, pi. 9. fig. 3 ; Dole, 
Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xii. p. 300. 
Chasiernpis obscura, Hartl. Arch. f. Naturg. 1852, p. 133. 
Phseornis obscura, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 327, et 1871, p. 360; id. 

P. Z.S. 1878, p. 347. 
Eopsaltria (Chasiernpis) obscura, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific 
Ocean, p. 22. 
Eopsaltria obscura. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 390, no. 5926. 


Adult male (Hilo, Owhyhee : J. Murray, Voy. of ff.M.S. ' Challenger 
'). General colour above dusky olive-brown, greyer on the 
forehead and fore part of crown ; wing-coverts and primary-coverts 
dark brown, edged with the same colour as the back; quills dark 
brown, broadly washed with olive-brown externally, and inclining 
to rufous-brown near the bases; tail brown; lores, feathers in 
front of eye, and fore part of cheeks a little more rufous-bro'wn; 
feathers below the eye and ear-coverts dull olive-brown; cheeks 
and under surface of body ashy grey, the vent and under tail-coverts 
white; under wing-coverts ashy grey shaded with brown; quills 
dusky brown below, fulvescent near the base of the inner web. 
Total length 7*2 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4*35, tail 3*2, tarsus 1-3. 

Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length 6-6 
inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4, tail 2*9, tarsus 1*3. 
Hab. Sandwich Islands. 

G OICHLOAIOEPH-E. 

Order PASSERIFORMES. 
Group II. CICHLOMORPH^. 


"Wing with ten primaries, the first more or less markedly reduced 
in size; angle of the chin shortened, and not reaching as far as the 
line of the anterior margin of the nostril; claw of middle toe oblique ; 
rictal bristles generally present. 

Bill notched or grypanian (Illiger), i. e. with the cnlmen nearly 
straight, bent at the end in an arched curve, acuminate, generally 
incised at the sides ; nostrilb placed low, nearer to the cutting-edge 
of the mandible than the culmen. 

Of. Sundevall, AY. Meth. Tent. p. 3. 

With the present group commences an account of the Thrush-like 
Passeres, the difficulties in classifying which are not likely to be 
exaggerated by any one who attempts the task. As already stated 
in this work, the system of classification here adopted is founded on 
that of the late Prof. Sundevall, who, however, admits (Av. Meth. 
Tent. p. lviii) that the divisions he proposes for the Cichhmorphw 
are purely artificial. I have endeavoured to modify his arrangement 
; but in attempting to draw a hard-and-fast line between 
groups which nature has connected by intermediate forms, the 
difficulty of dealing with the connecting links has to be faced. I 
have preferred to accept a line which is capable of definition, even 
in cases where forms, apparently nearly allied, must be separated, 
being convinced that any line, wherever drawn, must be open to the 
same objection. In cases where two great groups are separated by 
both internal and external characters, and the connecting forms 
exhibit the internal characters of the one along with the external 
characters of the other, it seems to me that, in a classification of birds' 
skins in a museum it is obvious that the intermediate forms should 
be thrown into the series with which they correspond in external 
characters. The second great difficulty which I have had to meet 
has been that of bringing groups of birds having lateral affinities to 
adjacent groups into a linear arrangement—a difficulty similar to that 
of attempting to make such a list of the countries of Europe as shall 
place them correctly in geographical relation to each other. It is obvious 
that this can only be done by occasionally making a fresh start. 

The characters here given, therefore, to the Turdiform families, 
which appear to follow one another in a natural sequence, cannot 
be considered exhaustive, but represent those which seem to me the 
salient points peculiar to each. 

Synopsis of Families. 

A, Shafts of 7mmjo-feathers stiffened \ plumage 
soft; bill rather stout, rather 
widened at the base, the nostrils hidden 
by nasal plumes Campophagidsa, p. 7. 

CAMP0PHAGID.E. 

B. 
Bill broadened and rather fiat, generally 
furnished with numerous rioted bristles : 
culmen keeled 
MtLScicapidse, p. 111. 

C. 
Bill slender, but rather wide and depressed 
; iving long and flat, with a very 
small bastard primary not more than 
half the length of the second, the latter 
generally longer than the secondaries. 
Composed of birds generally migratory. Turdidsa. 
B. 
Bill much as in preceding family; wing 
rounded and short, concave, so as to fit 
close to the body, the birds contained in 
this family being generally of limited 
migration Timeliidse. 
E. 
Bill semi-raptorial, very strong, rather 
stout, slightly compressed and toothed 
near the tip ; nostrils hidden by bristles 
as a rule ; plumage dense Laniidae. 
F. 
Bill short and obtuse, not toothed; 
nostrils hidden by bristles; plumage 
soft and lax Paridse. 
Family CAMPOPHAGID.E. 

Shrike-like birds of soft plumage; the feathers of the lower back 

and rump with stiffened shafts in most of the genera*. Bill for the 

most part stout, moderately hooked and moderately notched, gene


rally thick at the base, rather widened; the nostrils hidden. Wings 

in most species lengthened, neyer short. 

C£ Sundevall, Av. Meth. Tent. p. 21. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Bill very large and stout, the culmen longer 
than the tarsus 1. AETAMIDES, p. 8. 
h. 
Bill only moderately stout, the culmen 
equal to or shorter than the tarsus. 
a\ Tail forked. 
a". Bill broad, measured at gape equal to 
the outer toe (without claw) ..... . 2. CAMPOCHJEBA, p. 21. 
b'\ Bill narrower, measured at gape less 
than outer toe (without claw) „ 3. PTEROPODOCYS, p. 22. 
b\ Tail rounded or only slightly emarginate, 
sometimes graduated. 
c"t Bill broad, measured at gape equal to 
the outer toe (without claw) 4 GRAUCALUS, p. 23. 
d". Bill narrower, measured at gape less 
than outer toe (without claw), 
a'". 
Bill long and thin, the culmen 
equal to the tarsus 5, EDOLIISOMA, p. 42. 

* Symmorphus is a slight exception to this rule, the shafts of the feathers 
being less stiffened. 
CAMP0PHAGIDJ5. 

"'. Bill broader, the ciilmen less than 
tlie tarsus. 
aK Tail very long, exceeding the tip 
of the wing by nearly three 
times the length of the" tarsus. 
aK An eye-wattle C. LOBOTUS, p. 08. 
b\ No eye-wattle 7. CAMPOPHAGA, p. 59. 
bl. Wing Very long, the distance 
between'its tip and the end of 
the tail not twice the length 
of the tarsus. 
e\ Tarsus short j foot weak; tarsus 
less than middle toe and 
claw 8. PEBICROCOTUS, p. 70. 

d\ 

sus exceeding in length the 
middle toe and claw. 
Wing much longer than the 


tail, exceeding it hj as 
much as the length of the 
tarsus; under tail-coverts 
long, falling short of the 
tail by about twice the 
length of the culmen or 
less j stiffened shafts of 
rump-feathers very pronounced 
9. LALAGE, p. 86, 

Wing and tail about equal 
in length, the difference 
between them not so great 
as the tarsus; under tail-
coverts short; the distance 
between them and the tip 
of the tail much more 
than twice the length of 
culmen 5 stiffened shafts 
of rump-feathers not very 
pronounced 10. SYMMOBPHUS, p. 1C9. 

L AUTAMIDES. 

Type. 
Artamides, Marti. J.f. 0.1865, p. 170 A. bicolor. 

Range. Prom the Andaman Islands eastwards through the 
Malayan peninsula and islands, as well as the Moluccas, to 2sTew 
Guinea, the New Hebrides group, and New Caledonia. 

Key to the Species. 

it. Without cross bars of black across the abdomen. 


a'. General colour uniform above and below; 
the under tail-coverts of the same colour 
as the breast, in rare instances whitish. 


1. ARTAMIDES. 
&". Under win^-coverts leaden grev or 
slaty blackish. 
at,!. Throat slaty grey like the breast. 


<24. Region of the eye and ear-coverts 
blackish. 
a\ Much larger; wing about 7*4 
inches ; under wing-coverts 
slaty grey like the breast ... . cahthnicut, p. 10. 

bs. Smaller; wing about 6-4 inches; 
under wing-coverts blackish, 
much darker than the breast.. schistaceus, p. 11 

e5. Smallest; wing about 5*5 inches; 
under wing-coverts slaty grey % 
like the breast larvatus, p. 11. 

bA. Region of the eye and ear-eoverts 
light grey svmatrenvs, p. 12. 
br". Throat, fore neck, and cheeks glossy 
greenish black pollens, p. 13. 
b". Under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white. 
c'". Vent and under tail-coverts slaty grey ! personatus, p. IS. 
like the breast * | pajDulus, p. 14. 
«?". Vent and under tail-coverts white. . JZoris, p. 14. 
e". Under wing-coverts and axillaries fawn-
buff cceruhigriseus, p. 15. 

d". Under wing-coverts and axillaries greyish 
cobalt like the rest of the under 
surface Ummhicki, p. lo. 

b'. General colour not uniform, the colour of 
the under surface more or less different 
from the aspect of the upper, which is 
grey or blackish. 


#\ Throat glossy black, extending on to 
the fore neck. 


e"\ General colour above dark slaty grey, 
the black of the hind neck reaching 
onto the mantle; breast entirely 
grey, only the lower abdomen 
white: size large; wing about 
6-65 inches magmrostris, p. 16, 

/'". General colour lighter slate-colour, 
the mantle scarcely tinged with 
black; grey confined to the breast 
below, leaving the entire abdomen 
white: size smaller; wing about 
6*45 inches atrieeps, p. 16. 

/" . 
Throat grey or white. 

g'". Back black like the head; the lower 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
pure white, as also the entire under 
surface of the body Ucolor, p. 17. 

hm. Upper surface entirely grey, the nasal 
plumes, lores, feathers round the 
eye, and chin black fortis, p. 18. 

I, 
With the lower breast and abdomen barred 
across with black and white. 
e'. Throat and chest uniform grey. 
VOL, IV.

C'AMPOPITAGIDJS. 

g''. Lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts barred with black and white 
like the abdomen. 


i"'. Lores and feathers round the eye 
black striates, 2nd pi., p. IS. 

k'", Lores and feathers round the eye 
grey, with no black on the face at 
all sumatrensis J , p. 12. 

h". Lower back and rump uniform with 
the rest of the upper surface and not 
barred; ear-coverts black like the 
lores and feathers above the eye ... . dobsoni $, p. 20. 

d'. Throat and chest barred with black and 
white like the rest of the under surface. 
i". Lower back and rump barred with black 


and white. 
/'". No black on the sides of the face .. sumatrensis juv., p. 12. 
w'". Lores and feathers round the eye 

black .. striates juv., p. 18. 
h". Lower back and rump uniform with the 
rest of the upper surface ., dobsoni J , p. 20. 

1. Artainides caledonicus. 
Corvus cinereus, Forster, Icon. ined. no. 53. 
New-Caledonian Crow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 377 (ex Forster, Icon.). 
Corvus caledonicus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 367 (ex Lath.). 
Pica cinerea, Wagler, Syst. Av. sp. 18 (ex Forster). 
Corvus cinereus, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 260. 
Graucalus csesius, Pitcher. Arch. Mus. vii. p. 323 (nee Licht). 
Gazzola caledonica, Bp. Consp. i. p. 383 (nee Bp. 1854). 
Campephaga caledonica, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 162 : id. Cat. B. Trop. 


Isl Pacific Ocean, p. 22; id. Handrl. B. i. p. 337, no. 5090 ; Marie, 
Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 328; Layard, Ibis, 1878, 

p. 256. 
Graucalus caledonicus, Hartlaub, J. f, 0. 1864, p. 440. 
Graucalus cinereus, Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 273. 
Adult male (Erromango). General colour above dark slaty 
grey with ashy-grey gloss, the wing-coverts like the back; quills 
ashy grey on the outer web, ashy brown oil the Inner one, and externally 
edged with a narrow margin of slaty grey, which is whitish 
on the outer edge of the primaries ; tail-feathers black, the outer ones 
browner at the ends, which are narrowly tipped with an edging of 
white; plumes at base of forehead, feathers in front of and surrounding 
the eye, as well as those at base of lower mandible and base of chin 
black; entire under surface of body dark slaty grey, including the 
under wing-coverts and axillaries; greater series of under wingeoverts 
and quills below ashy grey, lighter along the edge of the inner 
web; " bill, legs, and feet black; iris yellowish white " (L. C. Layard); 
" iris whitish grey" (J. MacgiTiivray). Total length 14 inches, culmen 
1-25, wing 7*4, tail 6*3, tarsus 0*35. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being lighter and more 
ashy grey, and in having the lores and feathers in front of eye dusky 

1. ARTAMITiEs. 
and not black. Total length 14*2 inches, culnien 1*25, wing 6*8, 
tail 6*1, tarsus 1*2. 

Ohs. I have not been able to compare an adult male from New 
Caledonia with the male from New Hebrides. The females seem so 
exactly alike, that there is little doubt that both groups of islands 
are inhabited by the same species. 
Hab. Few Caledonia* Few Hebrides, 

a. $ imm. sk. 
Isle of Pines, New J. Macgillivray, Esq, [C.]. 
Caledonia, June 7,1858, 
h. S imm, sk. Erromango, NewHebrides, Sept. 10, 
1858. 
X Macgillivray, Esq. [C.]. 
c. tf ad.,d 2 imm. Erromango. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C], 

2. Artamides schistaceus. 
Graucalus temminckii, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 342 (nee S. Mull). 
Adult [female]. Similar to A. caledonicus and A. pollens, but 
smaller, and having the feathers at the base of the nostrils, loral 
plumes, and feathers in front of the eye dull blackish, not glossy 
Mack as in A. pollens. The grey colour of the body is lighter and 
more of an ashy grey than in the last-mentioned species. Total 
length 12*3 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 6*35, tail 5*7, tarsus 0*95. 

Hah. Sula Islands. 

®. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 

3. Artamides larvatus. 
Oeblepyris larvata, 8. Muller, Verh. JSfatuwl Geschkd. Land-en 
Volhenk. p. 190. 
Campephaga larvata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. P, Z. S. 1861, 

p. 43o; Ftnsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 172 * Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 337, 
no. 5085. 
Graucalus larvatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 354 • Hartl. J. /. 0.1864, p. 438, 

Adidt. General colour above dark slaty grey, the wing-coverts 
like the back; bastard wing black; primary-coverts and primaries 
black, externally edged with slaty grey, inclining to hoary grey 
towards the tips of the latter ; secondaries black, externally slaty 
grey with hoary margins, the innermost secondaries slaty grey, black 
on the inner web; tail-feathers blaek, washed with grey near the 
base and tipped with ashy, more broadly on the outermost • lores 
and feathers at base of bill dusky, the plumes in front of and round 
the eye as well as the ear-coverts slaty black• cheeks and under 
surface of body light slaty grey, rather paler than the upper surface; 
thighs dark slaty; under wing-coverts and axillaries slaty grey, 
the quills ashy below, buff along the inner webs. Total length 10*5 
inches, culmen 1*05, wing 5*5, tail 4*7, tarsus 0*95. 

Adidt female. Like the male. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1, 
wing 5-5, tail 4*3, tarsus 1. 
c2 

12 OAMPOPHLAGIDiE. 
Hal. Java*. 
a, 9 imm. sk. Java. Purchased. 
b, c. (S ? ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 

4. Artamides sumatrensis. 
Oeblepyris novss-guinese, S. Midler, Verh NatuurJ. Gesekied. Land-

en Volhenh. p. 190 (nee Gm.). 
Oeblepyris sumatrensis, S. Mull, t. c. p. 190. 
Graucalus fasciatu* Dp. Camp. i. p. 354 (nee V.) : Jerd. B. 2nd. L 

p. 418 ; Sclater, P. & 8. 1863, p. 218; Hartl. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 444. 
Graucalus coneretus, Jlartl J. f. 0. 1804, p. 445 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872, 
p. 371. 
Campephaga sumatrensis, Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 337, no. 5077. 
Campephaga concreta, Gray, t. c. p. 337, no. 5089. 
Graucalus sumatrensis, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 150; Tiveedd. Ibis, 1877, 
p. 312; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, vol. i. p. 323; Tweedd. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 614. 
Adult male (Sumatra, A. B. Wallace). General colour above 
light ashy or Prench grey, the tipper tail-coverts hoary and the 
rump-feathers edged with hoary grey; wing-coverts like the back; 
bastard wing black; primary coverts and quills black, narrowly 
edged with ashy grey, including the white towards the tips; the 
{secondaries ashy grey like the back, with hoary-grey margins; tail-
feathers black, ashy brown at the tips, the centre feathers washed 
with ashy grey for the greater part of their length; lores, sides of 
face, and entire under surface of body light ashy grey like the back; 
no black on the face; the under tail-coverts paler and more hoary 
than the breast; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy grey with 
white edgings, some of the wing-coverts with indistinct dusky grey 
bars ; quills ashy grey below, whitish along the inner webs ; " iris 
light lemon-yellow " (A. Everett). Total length 11*8 inches, culmen 
1-05, wing 5*95, tail 4*5, tarsus 0-95. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the breast and 
remainder of under surface barred with white and black, the bars 
about equal in breadth ; the under tail-coverts white, with narrower 
and less frequent bars of black; the under wing-coverts and axillaries 
barred with white and black like the breast ,• rump and upper 
tail-coverts barred with black and white, the ground-colour of the 
feathers grey, plainer on the long under tail-coverts ; quills plainly 
edged with white; tail-feathers black, narrowly tipped with white, 
with a subterminal line of black; quills ashy grey below, white along 
the inner web. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1, wing 5*7, tail 
4*35, tarsus 0*95. 

Hah Indo-Malayan Eegion. Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Palawan. 

a, b. 2 ad. sk. Sumatra, 1801. A. R Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 
c, d. $ ad, st. Sumatra. Dr. Lidth de Jeude [0.]. 
e, f- 8 $ ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. 1L A. Bouvier [C.]. 

References to this bird's occurrence m ISew Guinea are erroneous 

1. 1BTAMIDEB. 13 
g, h. tf ad., *. $ ad. sk. Lumbidan, N.W.
Borneo. 
Governor Usaher [0.]. 
k. cS imm. sk. Puerto Princesa,
Palawan. 
Prof. J. B. Steero [0.]. 

5. Artamides pollens. 
Graucalus pollens, Saivacl Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 75; id, P. Z. S. 

1878, p. 87. 
Adult male (Ke Bandan, July 29, 1873, Beccari; type of species). 
General colour above dark slaty grey with a greenish-grey 
gloss, especially distinct on the crown and sides of the head• wing-
coverts like the back, the bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills 
blackish, washed with slaty grey on the outer web ; tail black, indistinctly 
shaded with slaty grey on the edges of the quills, the 
outermost feathers tipped indistinctly with ashy grey• base of foro-
head, lores, feathers in front of and below the eye, sides of face, 
throat, and fore neck black distinctly glossed with green, the black 
shading off on the chest; remainder of under surface of body slaty 
grey with an ashy gloss; under wing-coverts and axillaries black 
with a greenish gloss ; greater coverts and quills ashy below, lighter 
along the edge of the inner web; " bill, feet, and iris black" 
{Beccari), Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 7, tail 5*8, 
tarsus 1*15. {Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Adult female (Ke Bandan, July 29,1873, Beccari). Differs from 
the male in having no black on the throat and sides of the face, the 
feathers at the base of nostrils, lores, and plumes in front of the eye 
alone being black. Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 6*95, 
tail 5*7, tarsus 1*15. {Mus. Civic. Qenov.) 

Bab. Ke Islands, Moluccas. 

6. Artamides personatus. 
Ceblepyris personata, S. Mull Verh. Natuurl Gesch. Zand-en Volkenk. 
p. 190. 
Campephagapersonata, Gray, Geyi. B. i p. 283 ; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, 
p. 172; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 366, no. 5006. 
Graucalus personatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 354; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, 
p. 485; HaHl J.f.O. 1864, p. 438. 
Adult male. General colour above slaty grey; the scapulars and 
wing-coverts, primary-coverts and primaries black, externally margined 
with slaty grey, the secondaries more broadly; tail-feathers 
blackish, washed with grey on the outer webs and tipped with 
lighter grey; a narrow frontal line, lores, and feathers above and 
below the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, extending on to the sides 
of the lower neck, and entire throat black with a greenish gloss; 
remainder of under surface of body slaty grey, the axillaries and 
under wing-coverts pure white; quills ashy below, greyish white 
along the inner webs. Total length 12*5 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 
6*4, tail 5-6, tarsus 1*05. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in not having the throat and 

CAMPOPHAGlBiE. 

sides of face "black, only the chin, lores, and feathers above and 
below the eye being black* the under wing-coverts and axillaries 
taffy white. Total length 13 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 6*3, tail 5*7, 
tarsus 1. 

Hab. Timor group of islands. 

a, b. <5 $ad. sk. Semao Island, Timor. A, K. Wallace, Esq. [C.l 
c. $ a(l- sk. East Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.l. 
d. J ad. sk Timor. A. R Wallace, Esq. [C.l. 
e. <$ imm.sk. Island of Solor, A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 

7. Artamides parvnlus. 
Graucalus parvulus, Salved. Ann. Mus, Civic, Genov. xii. p. 324. 
Adult, General colour leaden grey ; frontal margin, sides of head, 
and throat black, glossy; quills black, ashy below, the inner web 
decidedly paler, but scarcely margined with grey ; the secondaries 
on the outer web and the wing-coverts altogether grey, uniform with 
the back• under wing-coverts white; two centre tail-feathers leaden 
grey, the rest black, above leaden grey towards the base, the outermost 
marked with a small leaden-grey spot at the tip; bill black ; 
feet dusky. Total length 9*7 inches, culmen 1*0, wing 5*o, tail 
4-25, tarsus 0*9. (Salvadori.) 

Ecib. Island of Halmahera, or Gilolo, in the Moluccas. 
This species, the type of which I have lately seen at Leiden, is 
closely allied to A. personatus, but much smaller. 

8. Artamides floris. 
Graucalus personalis, pt., Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485. 
Adult [male]. General colour above bluish slate-colour, the wing-
coverts like the back; bastard wing black; primary-coverts blackish, 
externally ashy grey with a narrow margin of white; greater coverts 
ashy grey, narrowly edged with white; quills blackish, externally 
washed with ashy grey and margined with white; tail black, the 
centre feathers washed with grey towards the base; no black on the 
forehead; in front of the eye a triangular dusky spot; feathers round 
the eye blackish, a shade of black also extending over the eye ; 
cheeks and entire under surface of body dark ashy grey, becoming 
gradually lighter and purer grey on the breast; the vent and under 
tail-coverts pure white; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner 
lining of quills also pure white. Total length 13 inches, culmen 
1*15, wing 6-7, tail 5*7, tarsus 1*05. 

Adult [female]. Differs from the supposed male in being paler 
grey; the greater coverts and the quills externally edged with white, 
narrower on the primaries ; lores and feathers on the side of the 
face dusky, but not blackish as in the male; lower abdomen, 
vent, and under taiJ-coverts, under wing-coverts and axillaries 
pure white, the breast and abdomen obscurely banded with dusky 

1 . ARTAMIDES. 
15 

grey. Total length 12*7 inches, oilmen 1*15, wing 6*4, tail 5*4, 
tarsus 1*1. 

Hob. Island of Flores. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Flores. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 

9. Artamides caeruleigriseus. 
Campephaga cseruleogrisea, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 179 * id. Cat. B, 
New Guinea, p. 32; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 • Mosenb. J.f 0.1864, 

p. 121 • Hartl J.f.O.1865, p. 155 * Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171 * 
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5101. 
Campephaga strenua, Schl. N. T, D. iv. p. 44 * Sclater, P. Z. S, 1873, 

p. 697- Meyer, Sitz. h. Ahad. Wien, lxix. p. 211. 
Grauealus strenuus, Safaad. Ann. Mas. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 771, x. 
p. 136. 
Grauealus caeruleogriseus, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. xii. 
p. 324. 
Adult female (type of species). General colour above bluish grey, 
brighter blue on the head, and especially on the forehead and over 
the eyes; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, the 
coverts edged with bluish grey, the secondaries blacldsh on the inner 
web, bluish grey on the outer, the innermost secondaries entirely 
bluish grey like the back ; two centre tail-feathers bluish grey, the 
next on each side black, grey on the outer web, the remainder 
black, browner at the tips of the outer web, where they incline to 
whitish at the extreme end; feathers in front of eye dusky, forming 
a triangular patch; under surface of body bluish grey, a little duller 
than the back, the thighs brighter bluish grey; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries pale ochraceous fawn • quills ashy below, light fawncolour 
along the inner webs *. soft parts as in the male (D'Albertis). 
Total length 14*5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 6*5, tail 6-5, tarsus 
1*15. 

Adult male (Atam, D'AIbertis). Differs from the female in being 
rather richer blue-grey, especially about the head and face; feathers 
at base of forehead behind the nostrils, lores, and feathers in front of 
the eye black, extending over the eye for more than half the latter; 
chin and a spot at base of lower mandible also black; " bill and feet 
black; iris chestnut" (D'Albertls). Total length 13 inches, wing 
6*35, tail 6*3, tarsus 1*2. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Dr. Meyer procured a specimen at Kubi which seems to be 
younger, as it has the tail-feathers tipped with buffy white, and has 
the inner webs of the quills below pale fawn-buff. 

Hab. Aru Islands, Forth-western New Guinea, island of Jobi. 

a. 
5 ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species). 
10. Artamides temmincki. 
Ceblepyris temmincki, 
S. Midler, Verk Natmai, Gesch Land-en 
VolkenJc. p. 101. 

CAMPOPHAGHM. 

Campephaga temruinckii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Flnsch, Neu-Gtmiea, 

p. 172 j Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 337, no. 5081. 
Graucalus temmincki, JBp. Consp. i. p. 354 j Hartl. J. f. 0. 1864, 
p. 446; Walden, Tr. Z. 8. -viii. pp. (58, 113, pi. xii. 
Adult General colour greyish azure, with, more or less of a cobalt 
hue, especially on the wings and tail, the inner webs of the quills 
and tail-feathers being blackish; base of forehead, lores, and feathers 
in front of the eye blackish with a blue gloss ; under surface of body 
azure-blue like the upper; under wing-coverts like the breast, the 
lower series and the underside of the quills ashy. Total length 
12 inches, culmen 1, wing 5-95, tail 5-9, tarsus 0-95. 

Dr. Meyer's specimen has white tips to the bastard wing and 
primary-coverts, and the inner secondaries edged with white. 

Hab. Celebes. 
a. Ad. sk. Celebes. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Celebes. Br. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 

11. Artamides magnirostris. 
Graucalus magnirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 354 (ex Forsteri); Hartl. J. 
f. 0. 1864, p. 436; Meyer, Sitz.k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 505; 
Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 771. 
Campephaga magnirostris, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 353; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 336, no. 5063, 
Coracina magnirostris, Giebel, Thes. Orn. i. p. 774. 

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, purer grey on the 
rump and upper tail-coverts, the sides of the rump whiter; wing-
coverts like the back; bastard plumes black; primary-coverts and 
quills black; the secondaries black, externally ashy grey, edged with 
lighter grey; centre tail-feathers dark grey, black at the tip, the rest 
of the tail black, with a narrow strip of ashy whitish, extending as 
a narrow rim to the inner webs, much broader and more ashy at the 
tip of the outer feather; head and neck all round black, extending 
on to the mantle above and forming a sharply defined line across the 
breast below; remainder of the breast light slaty grey, the abdomen 
and under tail-coverts pure white, the flanks washed with light slaty 
grey; thighs dark slaty grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
pure white ; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the inner 
web. Total length 13*7 inches, culmen 1-25, wing 6-65, tail 6*1, 
tarsus 1*05. 

Hab. Gilolo, Ternate. 

a,b. <J ad. sk. Gilolo. A. R Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 

12. Artamides atriceps. 
Ceblepyris atriceps, 
8. Mulfer, Verh. Katuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volhenk. 
p. 190. 
Campephaga atriceps, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Finsch, Xeu- Guinea, 

p. 1721 Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 337, no. 5084. 
1. ARTAMIDEtf. 
17 

Graucalus atriceps, Bp. Cotisp. I p. 354; llartl J.f 0.18(34, p. 437: 
Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 08. 
Coracina atriceps, Giebel, Orn. Thes. i, p. 774. 

JLckZif »na?e. General colour above light slaty groy, paler on the 
rump and upper tail-coverts• wing-coverts like the hack* bastard 
plumes black; primary-coverts and quills black, narrowly edged with 
ashy grey• secondaries black, the outer webs grey with a narrow 
margin of lighter ashy grey; two centre tail-feathers dark ashy 
brown with black tips, the rest of the feathers black slightly tipped 
with ashy, the outer one most broadly and with an inner margined 
line of whitish; entire head and neck all round black, occupying the 
chest below, and extending a little way onto the mantle above; 
breast light bluish grey; entire abdomen and under tail-coverts pure 
white, the flanks washed with light bluish grey; thighs bluish grey; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white; quills ashy below, 
white along the inner webs. Total length 12-5 inches, culmen 1-1, 
wing 6*45, tail 5*6, tarsus 1. 
Hub. Ceram, ? Celebes. 

a, b. cJ ad. sk. Ceram. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
c. Jim. ? sk. N. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
13. Artami&es bicolor. 

Ceblepyris bicolor, Temm. PI Col iii. pi. 278; $. Mutter', Verh. 
Katuurl Geschied. Land-en Yolkerik. p. 191. 
Campephaga bicolor, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. P. Z. & 1860, 

p. 354 j Fmsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 172; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 337, 
no. 5092. ^ 
Graucalus bicolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 354. 
Artamides bicolor, JIartL J.f O. 1865, p. 171; Walden, Tr. Z. S. 

viii. p. 70; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 658 • Bruggem, 
Abhandl nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 72. 
Adult male. General colour above black with a slight steel-green 
gloss; wings black, also glossed with steel-green on the outer webs; 
lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts pure white; tail black, the 
outer feathers tipped with white, the base of all the feathers white, 
decreasing in extent towards the outermost, where the white is confined 
to the inner web ; lores, feathers below the eye, and the ear-
coverts black, the two latter parts varied with white spots ; cheeks 
and entire under surface of body pure white, including the under 
wing-coverts and axillaries and the inner webs of the quills. Total 
length 12*6 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 6*7, tail 5-2, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being grey above instead 
of black, and in having the throat and breast grey. Total length 
12*3 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 6*8, tail 5*3, tarsus 1. 

A younger male, also from Menado, differs from the male described 
above by being washed with grey, the secondaries broadly edged 
with white, and the tail-feathers tipped with white. Total length 
11*7 inches, culmen 1'05, wing 6*5, tail 5-2, tarsus 0*95. 

Dr. Meyer procured an undoubtedly young bird at Limbotto which 

J8 CULPOHLiGID.E. 

presented the same characters, and still retained part of the immature 
plumage in the shape of brown feathers edged with white on 

the head and back. 
Hah. Celebes. 
a,b. S ? ad. sk.
c. d jun. sk.
d. <$ ad. si. 
Monado, N. Celebes, 
Menado, N. Celebes. 
Celebes. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
Purchased. 

14. Artamides fortis. 
Graucalus fortis, Salvad. Ann. Mies. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 326. 
Adult. General colour cinereous, paler below ; nasal plumes, lores, 
region of the eye, and chin black; under tail-coverts ashy white ; 
under wing-coverts white ; quills dusky, the primaries slightly, the 
secondaries broadly margined with cinereous; two centre tail-
feathers cinereous, the rest blackish, the outer two grey at the tip; 
bill and feet black. Total length 13*8 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 
6*9, tail 5*9, tarsus 1*15. (Salvadori.) 

Female. Similar to the male, but with the feathers in front of 
the eye rather dusky, and the under tail-coverts purer white. 

(Salvadori.) 
Hah. Island of Bouru, Moluccas. 
Ohs. Described by Count Salvadori from specimens in the Leiden 

Museum, and distinguished by its larger size and by the general 
grey coloration of the under surface, which pervades the abdomen 
as well as the breast. 

15. Artamides striatus. 
Choucas de la Nouvelle Guinee, Daubent. PI. Bnl. iii. pi. 6*29,* Month. 

Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 80. 
New-Guinea Crow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 381. 
Corvus striatus, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 38 {ex Daubenton). 
Corvus novae guineas, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 371. 
Coracina fasciata, Vieill. N. Diet. viii. p. 8. 
Graucalus novae guineae, Cuvier, Regne Anim. i. p. 341 (1817); Less. 

Man. d>Om. i. p. 144. 
Ceblepyris novae guineae, Temm. Man. d? Orn. i. p. lxii ; JRupp. Mus. 

SencJcenb. iii. p. 334. 
Ceblepyris plumbea, Wagler, Syst. Av. art. Corvus, App. sp. 4. 
Graucalus lineatus, pt., Lesson, Iraite, p. 349. 
Graucalus dussumieri, Lesson, torn. cit. p. 349 ; Jaeq. et Pucker. Voy. 

Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 65: Packer. Arch, du Mus. vii. p. 363; Blyth, 
J.A.S.B.xxx.-p.96. 
Choucari de Dussumier, Homhr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 8. 
fig. 1. 
Campephaga striata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 j id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 337, 
no. 5076. 
Graucalus lagunensis, Bp. C. P. xxxviii. p. 540: Blyth. J. A. S. B. 

xxx. p. 96; Hartl J.f. 0. 1864, p. 445. 
Campephaga novae guineas, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193; id. Cat. B. 
New Guinea, p. 58; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 j Finsck, Neu-Guinea, 

p. 171. 
1. ART AMIDES. 
19 

Campephaga dussumieri, Gray, Iland-l B. i. p. 336, no. 5070. 

Campephaga lagunensis, Gray, torn. tit. p. 337, no. 5080. 

Graucalus striatus, Waldm, Ibis, 1873, p. 312; id. Tt\ Z. S. ixjp. 175, 

pi. xxx. &g. 1; Sharpe, Ir. Linn. Soc. new series, L p. 323; Tweedd. 

P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 693, 759, 827, et 1878, pp. 108, 283, 380. 
Corvus papuensis, 
Von Kittl, Luthe, Voy. (Postels), iii. p, 326 (nee 
Gm,, teste Tweeddale). 

Adult male. "Whole plumage of a dark plumbeous grey, the lores 
being jet-black; lower plumage somewhat paler than the upper, 
more especially that of the ventral region ; a few of the upper tail-
coverts and rump-feathers are fringed with pale grey (Tiveeddale); 
" bill, legs, and claws black; iris pure lemon-yellow " (A. Everett). 

Adult (female). Dark ashy grey above, the lores a little more 
dusky, as also the sides of the face; lesser and median wing-coverts 
a little darker than the back; greater coverts ashy grey; quills 
black, externally ashy grey, the inner secondaries almost entirely of 
this colour; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts barred with 
black and white, the feathers being grey tipped with white, before 
which is a subterminal bar of black; tail-feathers black, shaded with 
grey near the base; throat and chest ashy grey; remainder of under 
surface of body barred with black and white, the bars being of about 
equal width ; thighs dark ashy grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white barred with black, but more conspicuously than the 
breast; greater series of under wing-coverts and quills below ashy, 
with a very narrow edging of white along the inner web, the quills 
browner below towards the tips of the feathers; " iris crimson " (A. 
Everett). Total length 10-5 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 6*3, tail 4*4, 
tarsus 1. 

Young male (Negros, Steere). Like the old female, but having the 
lores, feathers in front of the eye, on the sides of face, and chin black; 
lower back, as well as the rump and upper tail-coverts, more distinctly 
barred with black and white than in the female; general colour of 
the upper surface and throat and chest leaden grey, darker than in 
the female; feathers of upper breast leaden grey, narrowly tipped with 
white, before which is a narrow subterminal black bar; rest of under 
surface very broadly barred with black and white; quills below dark 
ashy grey; tail black, indistinctly tipped with dark grey, and narrowly 
edged with white at the tip, the outermost feathers ashy 
brown near the tip, which is white with a subterminal line of black. 
Total length 12-3 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 6-45, tail 4-6, tarsus 1-1. 

Young (Zamboanga, Steere). Differs from the adult female and 
from the male in being barred with white and black on the whole 
under surface, excepting the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-
coverts, which are white; cheeks also barred with black and white; 
ear-coverts dark slaty grey, with narrow white shaft-streaks; quilte 
ashy below, browner at tip and whitish along the inner web; outer 
tail-feathers white at tip, with a subterminal black bar; " iris dirty 
brownish white" (A. Everett). Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 
1-1, wing 5-85, tail 4-6, tarsus 1*05. 

Hah. Philippine Islands. 

CAMPOPHAGIDJE. 

a. S imm. si. [Philippines.] E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. Philippine Islands. M. Verreaux. 
c. 6 ad. sk. Cataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.]. 
d. <$ imm. sk. San Bernardino, Negros, Prof. J. B. Steere [0.]. 
Jan. 1875. 
e. juv. sk. Zamboanga, Mindanao. Prof. J. B. Steere [0.]. 
16. Artamides dobsoni. 
Graucalus dobsoni, Ball, J. A. S. B. xli. p. 281; id. Str. F. 1873, 
1873, p. 66 ; Hume, t. c. p. 310; JFalden, Ibis, 1873, p. 312 j Hume, 
Str. F. 1874, p. 206. 

Adult male. General colour dark slaty grey, with a slight greenish-

grey gloss; least and median wing-coverts like the back; greater 

coverts slaty grey, with margins of dark ashy grey• quills black ,* 

the secondaries with grey on the outer webs, the primaries narrowly 

margined with white; tail-feathers black, tipped narrowly with 

whitish; a narrow frontal line ; lores and feathers in front of the 

eye, feathers above the eye, sides of crown, cheeks, and ear-coverts 

black, with a greenish gloss ; chin blackish at base ; throat and chest 

dark grey; rest of under surface white, barred across with black 

transverse lines, wider apart and broader on the under tail-coverts; 

under wing-coverts white, barred with the same black cross lines 

as the breast; " bill, legs, and feet black; iris crimson lake " (Hume), 

Total length 11*3 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 6-3, tail 5, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the entire under 

surface from the chin downwards barred with blackish cross lines, 

instead of the throat and breast being grey; thighs slaty black. 

Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 6-05, tail 5*35, tarsus 

0-95. 

Young. " Whole chin, throat, and breast strongly tinged with 
ferruginous, the tertiaries, secondaries, and later primaries comparatively 
broadly margined and tipped with pale rufous or rufescent 
white ; the tertiaries and later secondaries have also a rufous spot 
near the point, and exhibit traces of having been barred ; some of 
the upper tail-coverts, some of the scapulars, and a few of the back-
feathers still remain rufous barred with blackish brown, peeping out 
amongst the new iron-grey feathers; a dull rufous superciliuni running 
from the nostrils over the eyes ; the lores are dusky, with tiny 
white spots, and the cheeks also are dusky, the feathers white-
shafted, and, from what I can judge, the whole upper surface of the 
nestling bird must be banded rufous and dark brown. In other specimens 
further advanced the ferruginous patch is smaller and confined 
to the breast; no banded feathers remain on the upper surface, 
which is like that of the adult, and the conspicuous rufous margins 
of the quills have become narrower and paler." (Hume.) 

Hah. Andaman Islands. 

a, b, $2 ad. sk. Port Blair, South Andamans, P. B. Sharpe, Esq. fP.1 
July 1873 (Capt. Wimherley). 

2 . CAMPOOHJERl. 
a\ 

2. CAMPOCH^RA. 
Campephaga, pt., auct. recent. 
Campocheera, Salvad. MSS. 

Tail of Oampoch&ra sloetii. 

Range. Confined to New Guinea. 

1. Campochsera sloetii 
Canapephaga sloetii, Schlegel, N. T. D. iii. p. 253; Gray, Hand-L B. 
i. p. 339, no. 5126; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad, Wien, lxx. p. 125; 
Salvad. and D1 Albert. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 821. 
Campephaga aurulenta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873. p. 692. pi. 54; Meyer. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 419. 
Lalage ? sloetii, Salvad. Ann. Mies. Civic. Genov. x. p. 137. 
Adult male (type of C. aurulenta). General colour above golden 
yellow, inclining to olive on the scapulars ; lower back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts brilliant golden yellow; wing-coverts black with 
a greenish gloss, the median series narrowly tipped and the greater 
series broadly edged with white; primary-coverts and quills black 
with an obscure narrow edging of green; the inner secondaries margined 
with white, slightly tinged with yellow on one or two feathers ; 
tail-feathers black, obscurely margined with greenish and tipped with 
white, more broadly on the outer feathers; crown of head bluish 
grey; base of forehead, lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts, as well 
as the throat and fore neck, black with a greenish gloss; this black 
separated from the grey crown by an intervening band of white, 
which forms an eyebrow ; remainder of under surface bright golden 
yellow ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, slightly tinged with 
yellow ; quills ashy brown below, white along their inner webs; 
"bill and feet black; iris black" (D'Albertis). Total length 7*5 
inches, culmen 0*5, wing 4*15, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*75. (Mus. Civic. 

Genov.) 

CAMP0PHAGTD2E. 

Adult female (Mt. Epa, S.E. New Guinea, D'Albertis). Differs 
from the male in being of a less brilliant yellow, the mantle more 
shaded with olive, and the grey head being washed with yellow ; 
sides of face, throat, and fore neck grey, instead of black as in the 
male, the feathers in front of and round the eye black, the ear-coverts 
also darker grey. Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 4*3, 
tail 3-8, tarsus 0*75. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hub. North-western and south-eastern New Guinea. 

3. PTEROPODOCYS. 
Type. 
Pteropodocys, Gould, Birds of Austr. folio, ii. pi. 59 
(1846) , P. phasianella. 

Tail of Pteropodocys phasianella (reduced). 

Range. Confined to Australia. 

1. Pteropodocys phasianella. 
Graucalus phasianellus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 142. 
Ceblepyris maxima, Rupp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 28, Taf. iii. 
Campephaga phasianella, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Hand-l. B. i. 


p. 337, no. 509& 
Pteropodocys phasianella, Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 59; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 355; Reichenb. Vog. NeuJioll. pp. 427, 283; Hartl. J.f. 0.1864, 
p. 446; Gould, Hand-l. B. Austr. i. p. 199; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 181. 
Adult. General colour above Preneh grey, the ear-coverts darker, 
as also the feathers round and in front of the eye, these darker portions 
varied with wavy cross lines of dull white; back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts pure white, with narrow bars of black; least wing-
coverts dark ashy grey; remainder of the wing black with somewhat 
of a greenish gloss, the outer primaries with a narrow edging 
of white; tail-feathers black, white at base, and narrowly tipped 

4 . CmATTCALTJS. 
with white, the outer feathers externally edged and broadly tipped 
with white; throat* fore neck, and chest grey, rather darker than 
the head and mantle; remainder of under surface white, narrowly 
barred with Hack, these bars disappearing towards the vent and 
lower abdomen, which, with the under tail-coverts, are pure white ; 
thighs white, barred with black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white, as also the inner aspect of the quills; " bill and feet black, 
tinged with olive; irides huffy white" (Gould). Total length 
13 inches, cnlmen 0*85, wing 7:65, tail 7, tarsus 1-45. 

Aihtli fttaale. Like the male. 
Hah. Australia: Wide Bay district: New South Wales; Interior; 

Victoria ; South Australia; West Australia (Ramsay). 
a. Ad, st. Interior of Australia. Captain Stmt [P.], 
b. Ad. *k. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 

4. 
GEAXJCALIT3. rr 
Type. 
Graucalu*, Puritr. Rignc Am'm. p. 341 (1817) G. papuensis. 
fVbl*'pyri^, Cumr^ Rhjne A aim. L p. 348 (1S17) G. canus. 
(\muiiuv Cafami*, Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 62 (1850, nee 
VU ill. | G. melanops. 
PtilaiMa, Jtieq. ft Parker. V**y. Pole Sml} texte, iii. p. 67 
{1K# | ,. G. boyeri. 
{*\ an< tpraucalu**, Marti. J.f.O. l?s01, p. 170 . G. azureus. 
Itatujf. From Africa and Madagascar, through India and Ceylon, 

the Burmese countries, eastwards to the island of Formosa; 
throughout the Malayan Archipelago, the whole of the Moluccan 
and Papuan islands, Australia and Tasmania. 

Key 
to the Species. 

a. 
Without any cross bars of black or blackish grey on 
the abdomen; sometimes in young birds only faint 
indications; abdomen never regularly barred 
across. 

a\ Gwra l colour uniform below, the under tail-
co\eii> of the fame colour as the breast and 
throat; upper surf ace of exactly the same colour 
a** the umit*r surface. 

u\ Under wing-coverts orange-buff or chestnut, 
different from the breast, which is blue-grey. 
it\ Under wing-coverts cheatnut in male; $ 
with white lores boyeriy p. %5. 
b"\ Under wing-coverts fawn-colour or orange-
buff; 2 TOth grey lores subahris, p. 26. 
b'l Under wing-coverts like the breast 

e*'. General colour cindery grey, the chin grey,lores 
Hack in the male, grey in the female 
.... v .......... casiits, p. 20. 

tf', 
G**iif ral colour azure-blue, tinged with 
cobalt, the chin and lores black. azureus, p. 27. 

lAMPOPHAGIDJfi 

e". Under wing-coverts barred with black and 
white axillaris 6, p. 27. 

'. Under surface of body particoloured and not entirely 
uniform (in those species which are nearly 
all white below the breast is shaded with 
grey), different from the upper surface. 


d". Throat black or dark slate-colour. 
e'". Size small; wing not exceeding 5*7 inches. 


aK Head and neck all round black, the crown 
washed with ashy • rebt of under surface 
below the black throat grey ... . cinereus, p. 28. 

bK Upper surface light grey* no black forehead 
• lores, sides of face, throat, and 
fore neck blackish slate-colour; rest of 
under surface white pectoralis <$, 

/*'". Size larger; v\ing 7*7-8'1 inches: upper p. 29. 
surface grey ; forehead, feathers round 
the eye, sides of face, and throat black • 
fore neck and breast grey, shading into J* melanops, p. 30. 
white on abdomen and under tail-coverts \parvirostris$.32. 

e". Throat grey or white. 
g'". Rump and upper tail-coverts white leitcopygius, p. 88. 
h'". Bump and upper tail-coverts grey. 

c4. With no black on the sides of the face, 
which are grey, as also the lores. 


a5. Much larger• wing 6 inches : throat 
and breast grey; the abdomen, thighs, 
and under tail-coverts white javemis, p. 33. 

b5. Smaller: below entirely white, the 
lower throat and fore neck ashy grey pectoralis $> , p. 29 
d1. Lores and region of the eye black or dusky. 

e6. Chin darker than or quite as dark as the 
throat and fore neck* sometimes a 
blackish spot between the rami of the 
lower jaw. 

a6. Under wing-coverts and axillaries j 
white macii, p. 34.' 
bB. Under wing-coverts and axillaries buff rex-pineti, p. 85. 
Chin white or whitish, contrasting with 
the greyish throat. 

c*. Entire abdomen and flanks pure white • 
thighs white with obscure grey 
bases, which are scarcely seen: 
hinder eyelid grey *...,.. hypokucus, p. 36. 

d*. Only the lower part of the abdomen 
and under tail-coverts pure white, 
the breast entirely grey like the 
throat; thighs dark slaty grey, contrasting 
with the under surface; ^ 
hinder rim of eyelid white mentalis, p. 37. 

*e 

. Breast entirely light grey, leaving 
only the chin, lower abdomen, and 
under tail-coverts white; thighs 
light grey j hinder rim of eyelid f . ™ 
greyish J papuemis, p. tjy. 
D * \ sclateri, p. 40. 

4 . GIUUCVLTTS. 
2:> 
b. Lower "breast and abdomen barred with black and 
white. 
e\ Light grey; paler on abdomen and under tail-
coverts, the white bars broader than or equal to 
the black ones• male with black feathers in 
front of eye, female with grey lineatus, p. 40. 


d'. Bluish grey • darker below, the black bars broader 
than the white ones in the female ; in the male 
the abdomen black, with narrow hair-like cross [p. 41. 
lines of white , moforemis J, 


1. Graucalus boyeri. 
Choucari 
de Boyer, Ilombr. et Jacq, Voy. Pole Slid, Atlas Ois. 
pi. 9. %. 3. 
Campephaga boyeri, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Bp. Consp. i. p. 355; 
Grayj P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193; id. Cai. B. New Guinea, p. 31; id. 

P. Z. S. 1861, p, 435 ; Roserib. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 121; Fimch, Neti-
Guinea, p. 171; Hartl J. f. 0, 1864, p. 154; Gray, Hand-l, B. 
i. p. 337, no. 5092 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697; Meyer, Site, k 
Ahad. Wien, Ixix. p. 388. 
Ptiladela boyeri, Jacq. et Fucker. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool iii. p. 68; Bp. 

C. P. xxxyiii. p. 540; Hartl. J. f. 0. 1854, p. 163; Sclater, Pr. 
Linn. Soc. ii. p. 160. 
Campephaga albilora, Schl. N. T. JD. iv. p. 45; Meyer, Sitz. k. Ahad. 
Wien, lxix. p. 368. 
Graucalus strennus, Gould, B. Neiv Guinea, part ii. {nee SehleyeT)• 
Sakad. Ibis, 1876, p. 277. 
Graucalus boyeri, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. x. p. 136. 
Adult male (Andai, August 1872, D'Albertis). General colour 
above greyish blue, the least wing-coverts like the back, rest of the 
wing-coverts ashy edged with greyish blue ; bastard plumes black; 
primary-coverts and primaries black, margined with greyish blue ; 
tail-feathers ashy blackish, washed with grey near the base; 
crown of head and nape greyish cobalt, the sides of face and neck 
brighter blue and inclining to greyish cobalt; under surface of body 
greyish blue, the chin and upper throat blackish, as well as a spot 
at the base of the lower mandible; plumes at base of bill, lores, 
feathers in front of and below the eye, as well as the front half of 
the eyelid black; under wing-coverts and axillaries orange-chestnut, 
the edge of the wing greyish blue; quills ashy below, hoary along 
the inner webs• " bill, feet, and iris black" (B'Albertis). Total 
length 9*2 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 5*1, tail 3*9, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. 
Civic. Genov.) 
Adult female (Ansus, Jobi, April 1873, Br. A. B. Meyer), Differs 
from the male in having no black on the face or throat, and in having 
white lores. Total length 8*7 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4*85, 
tail 3*7, tarsus 0*85. (Mus. Dresden.) 
Young male (Ansus, April 1873, Br. A. B. Meyer). Like the old 
female, but the base of the forehead and white loral plumes slightly 
mixed with blackish plumes, showing the approach to the full male 
dress * secondaries with hoary white edgings, and the outer tail-
feathers tipped with white. (Mus. Dresden.) 
Hab. North-western New Guinea • island of Jobi. 
VOL. IV. D 


CAMPOPUAGIDJE. 

20 

2. Grancalus subalaris. 
Ptiladela boyeri, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. ix. p.'2G (nee Or ay) 
Graucalus subaiaris, Sharpe, Mitth. k, zool. Mus. Dresden, Heft iii. 
Adult male (Ely Eiver, October 1875, D'Albertis; type of species). 
Similar to G. boyeri, but having the black on the throat extending 
a little further down towards the jugulum, and distinguished by its 
more orange-buff or fawn-coloured under wing-coverts and axillaries. 
Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4*95, tail 3*8, 
tarsus 0*85. 
(Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Adult female (Hall Bay, D'Albertis). Differs from the female of 

G. boyeri in having grey lores instead of white, in addition to the 
fawn-coloured under wing-coverts; " bill, feet, and iris blackJ? 
(D'Albertis). Total length 9*2 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 5*3, tail 
3-95, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Hab. South-eastern ISTew Guinea. 

3. GrratLcalus csesius. 
Echemlleur gris, LevailL Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 47, pis. 162, 163. 

Campephaga cana (nee Gm.), Vieill. N. Diet x. p. 4d (ex Leraill.); 

id. Gal. Ois. i. pi. exxx.; Grill, Zool. Anteckn, p. 33j Sundev. Grit 

om LevailL p. 43. 
Ceblepyris csesia, Liclvt. Verz. Doubl. p. 51; Jtilpp. Orn. Misc. iii. 

p. 24; Cab. Mus. llein. Th. i. p. 02 : Dp. Consp. i. p. 353; Earth 
J. f. 0.1865, p. 157 j Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 420: Shelley, 
Ibis, 1875, y. 76. ^ 
Ceblepyris levaillantii, Temm. PI. Col. iii. texte to art. Ceblepyris. 
Campephaga caosia, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 * Ilarfl. J. f. 6. 1865, 

p. 157; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 340 * Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p, 53, 
no. 504. 
Campephaga levaillantii, Layard, B. S. Afr. i. p. 513. 

Adult male. General colour above and below dark bluish grey, 
somewhat lighter on the forehead and sides of the crown; wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series dusky blackish on the inner 
web; primary-coverts and primaries blackish, narrowly edged with 
grey, these margins broader on the secondaries, the innermost of the 
latter strongly washed with grey; tail-feathers blackish, with a 
very slight wash of grey, the outermost distinctly paler towards the 
tip ; round the eye a ring of whitish or grey; lores and feathers in 
front of the eye slaty black, the shade of this colour extending on to 
-"th e cheeks; quills ashy below, whitish on the inner webs. Total 
length 10 inches, culmen 0*8, wiug 5*05, tail 4*8, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but decidedly lighter grey, and 
distinguished by the lores being grey instead of blackish. Total 
length 10 inches, wing 4*95, tail 4*8, tarsus 0*95. 
Hab. South Africa, 

a. <$ ad. sk. South Africa. 
b. J ad. st.
c. 2 a<l at. 
South Africa. 
Knysna, Dec. 24, 1865 
(C,J. Andersson). 
E. Wilson, Esq. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

4 . GRATJCVLW. 
21 

d. ? ad. sk. George (II. Atmore). R. B. Sharp*1, Esq. 
e. $ ad. sk. Eland's Post(T. C. Atmore). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
/ . cj ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. Anstey [P.J. 
ff, 1u 2 ad. sk. Peri bush, Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. II. Trevelyan [P.J. 
4. Graucalus azureus. 
Graucalus azureus, Cass. Pr. Philad, Acad. 1851, p. 348. 
Ceblepyris azurea, Bp. C. E. xxxviii. p. 541; HartL Orn. W.-Afr. 

p. 100; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 52. 
Cyanograucalus azureus, HartL J. f. 0. 18(31, p. 170. 
Campephaga azurea, HartL J.f. 6. 1865, p. 158; Gray, Hand4. B. 
i. p. 340, no. 5137; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 52; id. Ibis, 1872, 
p. 71; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. G5: Sharpe et Bouvier. Bull. Soc. Zool. 
France, 1877, p. 479. 
Adult male. General colour above and below Prussian blue, 
brighter and inclining to a shade of cobalt on the head and neck; 
the throat deep blue, with a blackish shade extending from the chin 
downwards and overspreading the fore part of the cheeks; a narrow 
frontal line, lores, and feathers in front of the eye black ; •wingcoverts 
resembling the back, with dusky bases to the inner webs ; 
quills and tail-feathers blackish, externally washed with dark 
Prussian blue; under wing-coverts like the breast; quills ash} 
below, with a lighter grey shade along the inner web. Total length 
8*4 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4*1, tail 3-5, tarsus 0*8. 

The bird I take to be the female is more of a verditer-blue, the 
black being confined to the lores and region in front of the eye and 
absent on the throat. I have not seen a dissected specimen. 

Hab. West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Congo. 

a. 
3 ad. sk. Camma River, Gaboon. M. Du Chaillu [~C.]. 
ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Du Ohaillu fO.]. 
MS 

ad. sk. Fantee (Gov. Ussher). R. B. Sliarpe, $sq. 

* LS. 
ad. sk. Enimill, Wassaw, March R. B. ^Sharpe, Esq. 
1872 (H. F Blissett). 

e. 
[ S ] ad. sk. Chissanibo, Rio Massabe, MM. Lucan and Petit 
Congo. [P.]. 
5. Graucalus axillaris. 
Graucalus axillaris, Salvad. Mus. Civic. Qenov. vii. p. 925 (type examined). 


Adult male (Mansinam, May 25, 1875, Bruijn; type of species). 
General colour above slaty grey, with a cast of lighter and more 
bluish grey; lesser wing-coverts like the back, the median and 
greater series rather darker grey than the back; quills black, externally 
edged with dark slaty grey; the secondaries outwardly 
entirely dark grey like the greater wing-coverts : tail black, with a 
slight ashy shade on the centre feathers ; a narrow frontal line, 
lores, and feathers in front of the eye black; ear-coverts darker 
grey than the head; under surface of body^ slaty grey, the under 
wing-coverts and axillaries barred across with white; quills ashy 


D 2 

2S CAMPOPIIVGOLE. 

black below, grey on the inner web, which is edged internally with 
white. Total length 8*7 inches, culmon 0-75, wing 5*4, tail 4*4. 
tarsus 0*85. (Mas. Civic. Genov.) 

Adult female (Mansinam, May 26, 1875, Bruijn). Differs from 
the male in having the throat and fore nock alone slaty grey ; the 
rest of the under surface barred with black and white, the black 
bars always the broadest, but especially so on the sides of the body 
and on the under tail-coverts. The general tone of the grey upper 
surface is darker, the quills being blackish and the secondaries narrowly 
edged with white like the primaries. Total length 9 inches, 
culmen 0*8, wing 5m65, tail 4*4, tarsus 0*85. (Mas. Civic. Genov.) 

Young male (Mansinam, May 30,1875). Like the old female, but 
with some of the uniform grey breast-feathers of the adult male 
plumage appearing below; upper tail-coverts tipped with white, of 
which there are scarcely any traces in the adult female. Wing 5*4 
inches. Tail black, the middle feathers dark slaty grey with a black 
tip. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hah. Arfak Mountains, N.W. New Guinea. 

6. Crraucalus ciuereus. 
Le Grand Gobe-mouche cendre de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 389, 
pi. xxxvii. fig. 1; Daubent. PL Enl. iv. pi. 541. 
Muscicapa cinerea, P. L. 8. Mailerx Syst. JSTat Anhang, p. 171; Cass. 

Pr. Philacl. Acad. 1864, p. 256. 
Ash-coloured Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. pt. 2, p. 332. 
Muscicapa kinki^ Bodd. Tail. PL Enl. p. 31. 
Muscicapa cana, Gm. Syst. Nat i. p. 940. 
Ceblepyris cana, Cuv. Regne Anim. i. p. 348- Temm. Man. d'Om. 

p. Ixi'i; Hartl Orn. Madag. p. 46 • Boch $• Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 273; 
JB. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 348; Schl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 423; Grandid. 
Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 388. 
Ceblepyris grisea, Lesson^ Traite, p. 369. 

Campephaga cana, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283, pi. 69. fig. 2; Hartl. J. f. 

0.1865, p. 159; Sold. # Poll. Faun. Madag. Ok. p. 81; JSItarpe, 

Cat. Afr. B. i. p. 53, no. 502 * Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 180. 

Campephaga grisea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283. 

Campephaga cinerea, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 340. 

Ceblepyris major, JSharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 389, 1871, p. 314 (type 

examined). 
Campephaga major, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 53. 


Adult male. General colour above grey, the wing-coverts -uniform 
with the back; primary-coverts and primaries black, with a narrow 
edging of grey, indistinct on the former * secondaries black, more 
broadly edged with grey, increasing in extent towards the innermost, 
which are entirely grey like the back • two centre tail-feathers 
grey, with a shade of black near the extreme tip, rest of the tail 
black, the three outer feathers tipped with grey, increasing in extent 
towards the outermost, where the grey forms a broad tip and 
extends a little way up the outer web ; head and throat black, the 
crown grey, forming a kind of cap; rest of under surface light grey, 
separated from the black throat by a strong shade of white ; thighs 

4 . GKAUOALUS. 
29 

ratlier darker grey than the rest of the imclcr surface ; under wing 
coverts and axiilaries grey like the breast; quills ashy brown below, 
the inner webs greyish white along the edge ; " bill and legs bluish 
black, iris brown" (E.Newton); " iris black" (Pollen). Total length 
8*5 inches, oilmen 0*7, wing 4-3, tail 3*b, tarsus 0*85. 

Adult female. Smaller than the male, and having the head only a 
little darker than the back, the sides of the face and nape being 
rather darker still, but not black* throat also grey, succeeded by a 
patch of creamy white forming an indistinct collar. Total length 
7*9 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4-05, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*85. 

Young. Mottled all over, the feathers being brown edged with 
yellowish white, before which is a subterminal shade of darker 
brown ,* quills also edged with yellowish white; under surface of body 
greyish white, mottled with brown centres to most of the feathers. 

Obs. In deference to the opinions of a practised observer in Madagascar 
like M. Grandidier, I have here considered my G. major to 
be only the adult male of G. cana. I was misled by the fact of two 
of the smaller form having been marked as males by Pollen and Tan 
Dam, whose specimens are still in the Museum. 

Hab. Madagascar. 

a. Juv. sk. 1ST.E. Madagascar. M. Pollen [O.]. 
b,e. I c$~\ ad. sk. N.E. Madagascar ( Van Dam). It. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
4, e. J ad. sk. Madagabcar. Purchased. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Bay of Antouzil, N.E. Mada- It. B. Sharpe, E^q. 
gascar. 
9* h* l<3]a<^-sk* N» Madagascar (A. Crossley). E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(Types ot (J. major.) 

i. [ c? ] ad. sk. N. Madagascar. Mr. A. Crossley [O.]. 
7. Graucalus pectoralis. 
Graucalus pectoralis, Jardine fy Selby, 111. Orn. ii. pi. 57; Swains. B. 

W.-Afr. i, p. 249. 

Pycnonotus niveoventer, Less. Mev. Zool. 1840, p. 226. 

Oeblepyris pectoralis, Riipp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 32; Hartl. Orn. 

W.-Afr. p. 99 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 432 ; Eeugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. 

i. p. 418 • Chirney, in Anderss. B. JUam. Ld. p. 134; Bocage, Orn. 
Angola, p. 205. 
Campephaga pectoralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 • Hartl. J. f. O. 

18(35, p. 158 • Gray, Iland-L B. i. p. 283 * Sharpe, Cat. B. i. p. 53, 

no. 503. 

Oeblepyris cinerascens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 353 (ex Temm. MS. in Mus. 

Lugd.). 
Graucalus frenatus, Heugl. J.f.O. 1804, p. 255. 
Campephaga frenata, Hartl J.f.O. 18G5, p. 158* Gray, Hand4. B. 

i. p. 340, no. 5136. 
Campephaga anderssoni, Sharpe, B. Z. S. 1870, p. 70, pi. iv. 
Adult male. General colour above Erench grey, a little lighter on 
the sides of the crown; wings like the back, the quills blackish on 
their inner webs, the primaries blackish, edged with Erench grey • 
tail-feathers blackish, with a steel-green gloss on their margins, the 
two centre feathers rather duller grey than the back, the outermost 

CAMPOPHAGIILE. 

feather paler towards the tip, which is white ; round the eye a ring 
of sih cry-grey feathers; lores, sides of face, ear-coy erts, cheeks, and 
entire throat dark slaty grey, contrasting with the back and extending 
a little way on to the neck ; rest of under surface pure white, 
including the under wing-ccn erts and inner lining of the quills; 
" bill and feet black; iris brown " (Amliida). Total length 9 inches, 
oilmen 0*85, wing 5*65, tail 4-1, tarsus 085. 

Adult f&mah (type of C. amlerssoni). Aboye delicate grey, a little 
lighter on the rump; wing-coverts uniform with the back; quills 
ashy brown, exteriorly margined with, white, the outer web of the 
inner secondaries light grey, the innermo&t secondaries being entirely 
of this colour; tail black, narrowly tipped with white, the two 
middle feathers ashy grey, with obscure cross-markings in some 
lights, the outer section white on the outer web ; base of the forehead 
and feathers in front of and round the eye white; the space 
between the base of the bill and the eye black; the entire under 
surface of the body pure white, the throat with a crescent-like band 
of clear grey, cutting off the chin from the breast, both of these being 
pure white ; bill and feet black. Total length 9 inches, of bill from 
front 0*7, wing 5*4, tail 4*7, tarsus 0-85. 

Hah. Africa; Senegambia; JN".E, Africa generally; Oyampo Land, 
b\W. Africa. 

a. 5 ad. sk. Africa. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
b. (S ad. sk. Abyssinia. 
c. d. $ ad. isk. Senegambia. Pm chased. 
e. $ ad. bk. Ovaquenyania, Oyampo Land, II. B.feharpe, E&q. (Type I 
June i5,1807 ( C. J. Anders- of C. anderssQui,') 
son), 
8. G-rancalus melanops. 
Black-faced Crow, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 11(3. 
Corviib melanops, Lath. Ind. 0?*n. Suppl. ii. p. xxiv. 
F Kollier a masque noir, Levaill Ois. Farad, i. pi. 30. 
Ceblepyris melanops, Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. bdi; Waaler. Syst. An. 


art. Corvus, App. sp. 4; Mull. Sc Schl. Kattiurl. Gesch. Land-en 
Volkenh. p. 190. 
(Joracina melanops, Vicill. N. Diet, viii, p. 7; Cab. Mm. J&ein. Th. L 

p. 02. 
Giaucalus 
melanops, Vigors fy Ilorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 216; 
Gould, Syn. B. Austr. part iv.; id. B. Amir, folio, ii. pL 55; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 852 j Reichenb. Vbq. Neuholl pp. 108, 282; Sclater, 
Tr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 159; Bosenb. J. f. O. 1804, p. 121: Marti. 

J. f. O. 1864, p. 437; Gould, Handb. B. Aadr. i. p. 192 ; 
Butler, B. JSretc Zealand, p. 148 ; Masters, Tr. Linn. Soc. JV. 8. W. 
i. p. 48; Salvad.fyD'Albert. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. yii. p. 820 ; 
Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 27; Bamsay. Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. 8. TV. ii. 
p. 180. 
Giaucalus papuensis, Vig. $• Ilorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 216 {nee 
Cuv.). 
Giaucalus melanotic, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 143; id. Syn. B. Austr. 
part iv. 
Campeph^ga melanotic, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283. 


4. GRATJCALTJS. 
31 

Catnpppliaga melanops, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. P. Z. S. 1<S58, 
pp. 170, 193; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 33; id. P. Z. S. 1801, 

p. 435; Finsch, Neil-Guinea, p. 171; Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 330, 
no. 5004. 
Colluricincla conelnna, Hutton, Cat. B. New Zealand, p. 15; id. Ibis, 
1672, p. 201. 

Adult male (Yule Island, May 26, 1875, D'Alheriis). General 
colour above light French grey, the wing-coverts like the back, with 
edgings of still lighter grey; primary-coverts and primaries black, 
externally edged with grey, inclining to white towards the tips of 
the quills; secondaries black, the outer aspect of the feathers light 
grey on the innermost, with the outer web grey and the inner one 
black; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, blacker towards the tip, 
which is white, all the other feathers black, washed with grey 
towards the base and tipped with white, which increases in extent 
towards the outermost feather, which is also edged with white along 
the outer web ; entire forehead, feathers above the eye, ear-coverts, 
sides of face, sides of neck, entire throat, and fore neck black, with 
a greenish gloss, fading off paler towards the chest, which is iron-
grey, becoming gradually lighter and more delicate grey on the sides 
of the body, so as to leave only the lower abdomen and under tail-
coverts pure white ; thighs grey; under wing-coveits and axillaries 
pure white, as also the inner lining of the quills, w7hich are otherwise 
ashy grey below; " bill black ; feet dull ashy; iris black " 
(DAlbertis). Total length 12*5 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 7'65, 
tail 5*75, tarsus 1*05. (Mus. Givic* Genov.) 

Obs. Not having a good adult male from Australia in the Museum 
collection, I have described a fine specimen from Yule Island which 
appears to me to be identical. This species varies much in size, but 
it is impossible to believe in the existence of more than one species; 
and G. parvirostris is little more than a race of the present bird. 

c?, Louisiade Islands, wing 8*1 inches ; $ , SVW. Australia, 
wing 7*1 inches. These two seem to be the extremes, and every 
intermediate link between them can be found. 

Adult female. Like the adult male {Gould). 

Young, Differs from the adult in wanting the black forehead and 
throat, only the lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts being-
black ; breast grey; throat whitish, with wavy bars of dusky blackish, 
the breast with remains of greyish bars. 

Hab. The whole of Australia, but replaced in Tasmania by the 
next species ; S.E. New Guinea, Aru Islands, Ke Islands, Amboina, 
Louisiade Archipelago. 

a. Imm. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [O.]. 
b. Juv. sk. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P.]. 
c. <$ ad. sk, N.W.Australia,Jan. 17, J. E. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
1856. 
d. e.tfJ.Q imm. sk. N. W. Australia, May 1, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
1856. 
g. cJimm.sk. Quail Island, Sept. 1855. J. E. Elsey, E^q. [P.], 
32 CAMPOPHAGIDX. 
h, d ad. sk.
i. Imm. sk. 
Olianmont Isle, Loui&iade 
Archipelago (J". 
Macgillivray), 
Port Moresby,'S.E. NewGuinea. 
Capt. Stanley [P.]. 
Dr. Turner [C.]. 
X*, <£ imm. sk.
l,m. J imm. sk 
Amboyna. 
Aru Islands 
A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.^A. 
E. Wallace, E^q. [C> 

Subsp. a. (jrancalns parvirostris, 

Graucalus parciro&tiis, 6-W<7, P. #. & 18>37, p. 143; id. Byn. B. Amtr. 

part iv.; id. B. Amtr. folio, Intr. p. xxxyj Bp. Consp. i. p. 85$;: 

Jldchenb. Vog. KeuhoJl p. 28-3; Gould, Jrlandb. B. Amtr. i. p. 194: 

Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii. part 2, p. 180. 
Ceblepyris (Graucalus) parvirostris, Hupp. 3Ius. Seiickenb. ii. p. 36. 
Campephaga parvirostris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Kimd-l. B» 

i. p. 33G; no. 5065. 
Adult male. General colour light Erench grey, the wing-coverts 
like the back; bastard plumes black; primary-coverts black, externally 
edged with light grey; quills black, edged and tipr>ed with 
white; the secondaries internally black, light grey on the outer web7 
with an external edging of white; two centre tail-feathers ashy 
grey, rather darker than the back; remainder of tail-feathers black, 
more or less grey towards the base, and tipped with white, more 
broadly towards the outermost, which is also ashy along the outer 
web; fore part of crown and forehead, entire sides of face, and 
feathers above the eye, sides of neck, and entire throat greenish 
black; breast grey as well as the sides of the body; thighs grey; 
the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts white; under wing-
coverts, axillaries, and inner lining of quills white, the latter ashy 
grey below; "bill and feet brownish black" (Gould). Total length 
12-5 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 7*85, tail 5*95, tarsus 1*1. 

Adult female. Like the male. Total length 12 inches, culmeri 
0*85, wing 7*3, tail b-S} tarsus 1. 

Younger birds have the forehead blackish, mixed with grey, not 
black as in the adult; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts 
black; throat and cheeks white, with arrow-shaped bars of black 
on the throat. 

Hob. South Australia and Tasmania. 

a. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunm Esq. 
bj c. S ad. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunn, Esq. 
a. [ $ ] ad. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunn, Esq. 
e, f. S ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [C.X 
yl d ad. sk. Tasmania. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
h, i- d, k. $ ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.]. 
/. d ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.J. 
m. Jim. st. Australia. 
2 iLlv

n.-sfr* " Three Isles near Cape Capt. Stanlev TRl 

Bedford, July 29, 

1848" (J. Maegil


livray). 

4 , GRA.UCALUS. 

33 

9. Grraucalus leucopygius. 
Graucalus lencopygius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 354; Eartlaub, J.f. 0.1804, 
p. 443 • Walden, Tr. Z. 8. viii. p. 68; Salvad. Ann. Mts. Civic. 
Genov. vii. p. 657 j Briiggem. AbhandL Ver. Bmn. v. p. 71. 
Oampephaga leucopygius; Finsch. JSTeu-Guinea, p. 172; Gray,Eand4. 

B. i. p. 337, no. 5074. 
Adult male. General colour above dark ashy grey, the scapulars 
and lesser wing-coverts like the back; the greater series and the 
quills blackish, narrowly margined with ashy grey; lower rump and 
upper tail-coverts white; tail-feathers black, outer ones ashy at tip, 
the centre ones shaded with ashy towards the base; feathers at base 
of forehead, lores, feathers above and below the eye, upper ear-
coverts, and chin black* remainder of the sides of face, throat, and 
breast dark ashy grey, fading paler towards the abdomen, which, 
with the lower flanks, vent, and under wing- and tail-coverts, is 
white ; quills ashy below, white along the inner webs of the 
feathers ; thighs ashy grey. Total length 11-5 inches, culmen 1*05, 
wing 6, tail 5, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being lighter grey, and in 
having no black on the lores or sides of face. Total length 11*5 
inches, culmen 0*9, wing 5*9, tail 4*9, tarsus 0*9. 

Young female. Differs from the adult in having conspicuous 
white tips to the tail-feathers, the secondaries being broadly edged and 
tipped with white, the primaries more narrowly. The general colour 
of the upper surface is light grey, as also are the sides of the face, 
throat, and breast, the grey not extending so far down as in the 
adult, and all traces of black on the lores and round the eyes being 
absent; white upper tail-coverts tipped with brown; breast with 
dusky bars of grey * thighs white, varied with grey. Total length 
11 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 5-6, tail 4-8, tarsus 0*9. 

This specimen still has a few of the young feathers remaining, 
whence it seems that the white edgings to the secondaries and tail-
feathers are signs of youth. 

Hah. Celebes. 
a, b. <$ J ad. sk.
c. J imm. sk.
d. [ $ ] ad. sk. 
Macassar, Celebes. 
Macassar. 
Menado. 
A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.I. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 

10. G-raucalus javensis. 
Ceblepyris javensis, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 145 • Bicpp. Mus. 
Senckenb. iii. p. 27. 
Campephaga javensis. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. JECand-l B. i. 

p. 336, no. 5071. 
Coracina javensis, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 62. 
Graucalus javensis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. App. i. p. xii; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 354; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 174, 
no. 232; HartL J.f.O. 1864, p. 441. 

Adult female. General colour light ashy grey, a little paler on the 

34 CAMPOPIIAGIDJE. 

rump and upper tail-coverts; least wing-coverts like the back ; 
median and greater coverts ashy grey, externally edged with lighter 
grey, the inner greater coverts externally margined with white; 
primary-coverts black, externally margined with ashy, whitish at 
the tips; quills black, edged narrowly with white, greyer near the 
base; secondaries lighter grey, blackish on the inner web and 
broadly edged with white on the outer; two centre tail-feathers 
ashy grey, tipped with white, the rest of the feathers black, shaded 
with grey near the base and conspicuously tipped with white, more 
broadly on the outermost, which is white also along the outer web; 
lores, feathers round the e}Te, and sides of face slaty grey, darker 
than the back; throat and breast duller ashy grey than the upper 
surface, gradually fading paler towards the abdomen, which is white 
as well as the under tail-coverts ; sides of body, flanks, and thighs 
grey; under wing-coverts white as well as the axillaries and inner 
lining of the quills, the latter otherwise ashy grey below. Total 
length 11 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 6*05, tail 4*75, tarsus 1*05. 

Hob. Java. 

a. Ad. sk. Java (Horsfield). Hon. East-India Co. [P.], 
h. $ ad. sk. W. Java. A. It. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
11. G-raucalus macii. 
Grauealus macii, Lesson, Tralte, p. 349 j Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. 
p. 190 • Bp. Consp. i. p. 354; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. I 
Co. i. p. 17X; Jercl B. Ind. i. p. 417,* Godwin-Aust. J. A. S. B. 
xxxix. p. 99,* Ball, Sir. F. 1873, p. 05,- Hume, op. cit. 1874, 
p. 204 ; Adam, t c. p. 400 • Hume, Sir. F. 1875, p. 94 : id. 3\reds 8> 
JE(/(/s 2nd. B, p. 181; Blyth % Walden, B. Burm. p. 123; Butler, 
Sir. F. 1876, p. 39 ; Fairb. t. c. p. 250; Annstr. t. c. p. 310; Hume, 
op. dt. 1877, p. 29 • Fairb. t. c. p. 400 -, Hume 8? Davison, Str. F. 
1878, p. 210. 
Grauealus nipalensis, Hodgs. Ind. Mev. i. p. 327. 
Ceblepyris papuensis, Jerd. Madr. Jour. x. p. 242 (nee Gm.). 
Oampephaga macei; Gray, Gen. I>. i. p. 283 • id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 336, 


no. 5069. 
Grauealus layardi, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 368; Jerd. Ibis. 1872, p. 117: 
Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 311. 
Oampephaga pusilla, " Blyth," Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337? no. 5080. 

Adult male. General colour above French grey, the wing-coverts 
uniform with the back • the bastard wing black; primary-coverts 
black, externally edged with ashy grey; quills black, with a narrow 
margin of white • the secondaries black, with a narrow whitish tip, 
the outer webs grey like the back, the margins white; two centre 
tail-feathers dark French grey, tipped with white, the next ones 
black, broadly tipped with white, and with grey bases increasing in 
extent towards the middle of the tail; outer feathers black, broadly 
tipped with white and externally grey; a narrow frontal line, 
feathers in front of and below the eye, and feathers at gape black ; 
ear-coverts and sides of face rather darker grey than the head; chin 
blackish at base • cheeks and under surface of body French grey, the 

4 . ORAUCALXJS. 
35 
lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-eovcrls pure white; thighs 
grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a few transverse 
lines of grey near the edge of the wing; quills ashy below, 
white along the inner web. Total longth 11/8 inches, culmon 1*05, 
wing 7*1, tail 6, tarsus 1*05. 

Adult female (Kamptee, Dr. Hinde). Differs from the malo in 
being lighter grey, and in having the feathers of the lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts margined with whitish; the greater 
wing-coverts and quills with whitish edges * tail-feathers browner 
than in the male and with less distinct white tips; lores hoary grey; 
ear-coverts darker grey than the head; feathers in front of and 
below the eye black: cheeks and under surface of body white, barred 
transversely with blackish lines • the lower abdomen, vent, and under 
tail-covert s white; thigh white, barred with black. Total length 
11-5 inches, culmen 1, wing 6*4, tail 5*2, tarsus 1. 

Ohs. Specimens from Southern India seem to be rather smaller and 
have the grey on the breast less extended; wing 5-95 to 6*1 inches. 
The birds from this part are Graucalus layardi, Blyth (cf. Walden,Ibis, 
1873, x). 310); but although birds from Darjiling do show some 
differences from Madras examples, those from North-western India 
are intermediate, and I am unable to define specific characters. 

Hah. India and Ce}don, ranging into the Burmese countries. 

a. J ad. sk. India. 
b. S ad. sk. India. 
Purchased. 
c. tf ad. sk. Madras. T. C. Jerdon [P.]. 
d. S ad. sk. Madras. Rev. H. H. Baber [P.], 
e. 2 ad. sk. Madras. Rev. H. H. Baber [P.]. 
f. a. <$ 9 ad. fak. Kamptee, 0. India. Dr. B. Hinde \YX 
h. ad. sk. Mysore. Oapt. C. II T.Marshall [P.]. 
i 2 ad. sk. Sassowlie, Jan. 18G9. Colonel Sturt [P.]. 
h £ ad. sk. Gonclul, Kattiawar, Major J. Hayes Lloyd [P.]. 
Nov. 28,1871. 
I $ ad. sk. Rajkote, Nov. 21, 1871. Major J. Hayes Lloyd [P.]. 
m,n. (S J ad. sk. N. w. Himalayas. Oapt. Stackhouse Pinwill 

o. $ ad. sk. Behar. B. IL Hodgson, Esq. [PA 
p, q. $ ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.J. 
r, s. <$ ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
t. $ ad, sk. Nazeerah, Upper Assam. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
u. S 
ad. sk. Tsagine, Upper Buimah, Dr. J. Anderson [C.J. 
Dec. 27,1874. 
v. S ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu. "W. T. BLtnford, Esq. [P.]. 
w. 6 
ad. sk. Port Blair, South Anda- R. B. Shaipe, Esq. [P.]. 
mans, May 20,1873 
(Copt. Wimberley). 

12. Graucalus rex-piueti 
Graucalus rex-pineti, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 205,1800, pp. 393,402, 
1870, p. 242; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 378 j Marti J. f. 0. 1804, 

p. 439 j David 8f Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 102. 
Campephaga rex-pineti, Gray, Eand4. B. i. p. 330, no. 5008. 
CAMPOPJEUGIDiE. 

Adult. General colour light ashy grey, rather darker on the head 
and lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts ashy 
grey like the back, the inner secondaries also ashy grey, lighter 
grey along the edge of the outer web, the inner web blackish; quills 
black, narrowly edged with grey on tho outer web; two centre tail-
feathers darker ashy grey, tipped with white, the rest of the tail 
black, washed with grey near the base, the white tips increasing in 
size towards the outer feather, which is ashy whitish along the 
outer web; feathers at base of forehead, lores, feathers round the 
eye, and the sides of face and ear-coverts black; throat and breast 
deep ashy grey, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white; the 
thighs grey, with indistinct darker cross-markings, which are apparent 
also on the lower breast and sides of body; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries buff, as also the inner lining of the quills, which are 
otherwise ashy grey below; edge of wing with narrow wavy lines 
of black, remains of which are also apparent on the axillaries. Total 
length 11 '5 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 645, tail 5*2, tarsus 1. 

Hob. Island of Formosa. 

a. Ad. sk. Formosa. B. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 
13. G-raucalus hypoleucns. 
Graucalus 
hypoleucus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1848, p. 38 ,• id. B. Austr. 
folio, ii. pi. 57; Reicfienb. Vog. NenholL pp. 233, 283; Macyill. 
Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 101 ; Bp. Consp. I p. 354; Posenb. J. f. O. 
1864, p. 121; Kartl. t. c. p. 444; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 84; 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 196; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, 

lxix. p. 506; Salvad. fy D} Albert. Ann Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. 
p. 820; Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc. AT. 8. IF. i. p. 48; Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 326; Forbes, P.Z.8. 1878, p. 122; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. A. 8. TV. ii. pt. 2, p. 180. 
Campephaga hypoleuca, 
Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 179; id. Cat. B. K. 
Guinea, p. 32; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435; Finsch, Feu-Guinea, 

p. 171; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 337, no. 5078. 
Graucalus angu&tifrons, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xiii. pp. 3, 
499; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 27. 

Adult. General colour above delicate French grey, the wing-
coverts a little darker than the back; bastard plumes black; primary-
coverts and primaries black, narrowly edged with grey, white on 
the latter; secondaries black, externally washed with grey and narrowly 
margined with white, the innermost secondaries grey on the 
outer web, black on the inner one; two centre tail-feathers dull 
grey, darker towards the tip, the rest black, grey towards the base 
and tipped with ashy, broader on the outer feathers, which have an 
inner margin of white at the end of the inner web; sides of face 

light grey like the crown; a narrow frontal band, lores, feathers in 
front of and below the eye black, which colour encircles the fore 
part of the eye, fringing the black forehead, and does not extend 
onto the ear-coverts; cheeks and throat white, the latter gradually 
shading off into the pale grey fore neck and breast; lower breast, 
abdomen, and under tail-coverts, as well as the entire flanks, pure 

4 . GRATTCALUS. ?>: 
white; thighs grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white ; 
quills ashy below, white along the inner webs; bill blackish 
brown (Gould), black (D'Albertis); legs and feet black, the insides 
of the feet and spaces between the scales of the tarsi mealy grey 
(Gould); iris brownish black (Gould), black (DAlbertis). Total 
length 9-5 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 3*7, tail 4*2, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Like the male, but the black on the face duller and the 
secondary quills and greater wing-coverts broadly edged with white on 
the outer web ; the tail-feathers also conspicuously tipped with white. 
Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 5*75, tail 4-5, tarsus 0*95. 

Obs. This species comes very close to the female of G. mentalis, 
from which it is distinguished by its smaller dimensions. In the 
last-named bird the black beneath the eye is extended also onto the 
upper edge -of the ear-coverts. 

Head of Graucalus hypoleucus, to show region of the eye. 

Hab Xorthern Australia and Queensland, South-eastern New 
Guinea, Aru Islands. 

2 ] ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased. 

a. 
J ] ad. sk. Port Bowen. Godefrroy Museum. 

b. 
$ ] ad. sk. Gotdd Island. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. 

c. 
~($ ad. sk. Port Moresby. Rev. S. Macfarlane [O.]. (Type 

d. 
of 8. angustifrons?) 

e. $ ad. sk. Port Moresby. O. C. Stone, Esq. [C.]. 
/• 2 ad. sk. Port Moresby. Dr. Turner [O.]. 
9, h. S 2--Aru Islands. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
ad sk

14. G-raucalus mentalis. 
Graucalus mentalis, Vig. ty Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 217 (type 
examined); Gould, Syn. B. Austr. part iv.; id, B. Austr. folio, ii. 
pi. 56; Bp. Consp. i. p. 354; JReichenb. Vbg. Neuholl. pp. 233, 283; 
Harttaub, J.f. 0.1864, p. 439 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 195; 
Ra?nsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 180. 
Ceblepyris (Graucalus) mentalis, JRiipp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 36. 
Campephaga mentalis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Hand-l. B. i. 


p. 336, no. 5067. 
Adult male. Above dark French grey, lighter on the lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts like the back; bastard 
wing-feathers black; primary-coverts black, externally washed with 
dark grey; quills black, the primaries margined with hoary white, 
the secondaries externally grey like the back and edged with white, 

CAMPOPHAGIILTS. 

broader towards the ends of the feathers, the innermost secondaries 
grey on the outor web, black on the inner one; two centre tail-
feathers ashy grey, blackish towards the tips, which are white, the 
rest of the tail-feathers black, broadly tipped with white and washed 
with grey towards tho base ; outer feather browner than the others 
and more broadly tipped with white; a frontal band, lores, and 
feathers surrounding the eye black; the sides of the face and ear-
coverts grey like the crown, the black of the face extending about 
halfway above the eye and extending below on the upper edge of 
the ear-coverts; fore part of eyelid black, the hinder edge of it 
white ; cheeks and throat white, with a spot of black at the base of 
the lower mandible; lower throat, fore neck, and breast light French 
grey, the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white; thighs 
slaty grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white, as well 
as the inner lining of the quills, which are otherwise ashy below; 
"bill black; feet dark brown; iris dark brown" (Gould). Total 
length 10*2 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 6*45, tail 5*2, tarsus 0*95. 

Young. In extreme youth, or during the first few months after it 
has left the nest, the throat, chest, and back of the neck are jet-
black, while the breast and abdomen are rayed with obscure arrow-
shaped markings of the same colour on a greyish-white ground; 
from this state individuals in every variety of change, to the uniform 
grey throat and head with black lores and mark under the eye, are 
to be met with (Gould). 

Head of Qraucalus mentalis, to show region of the eye. 

Hah. Australia: Eockingham Bay, Port Denison, Wide Bay 
district, Eichmond and Clarence river districts, New South Wales, 
Victoria (Ramsay). 

a. Juv. sk. South Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. (Type 
of species.) 
b, c. Ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.l. 

d. 
c? ad. sk. Murray Eiver, South Sir George Grey [P.J. 
Australia. 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
/. Ad. sk. Lake Elphinstone. Museum GodefTroy. 
a. Inrm. st. Australia. 
h, i Imm. st. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [0.]. 
k. Pull, j I Ad. sk. Adelaide. Purchased. 
4 . GBAUOALTTS, 
39 

15. Graucalus papuensis. 
Le Choucari de la Nouvelle Guinee, Daubent. PL Enliii. pi. 030: 

Month. H. N. Ois. iii. p. 81. 
Papuan Crow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 382. 
COITUS papuensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 3710. 
Coraeina papuensis, Vieill. N. Diet, viii. p. 0 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Tli. i, 

p. 62, note. 
Grancalus papuensis, 
Cuvier, Beyne Anim. 1817, vol. i. p. 34; Less. 
Man. cPOrn. i. p. 144; Bp. Consp. i. p. 354; Selater, Pr. Linn. Soo. 

ii. p. 159; Bosenb. J.f. 0. 1864; p. 121; Hartl torn. cit. p. 442; 
Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 22; Meyer, Sitz. k. Ahad. Wien, Ixix. 
p. 505; Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 771, x. p. 130. 
Ceblepyris albiventris, Wagler, Syst. Av. art. Corvus, App. sp. 9. 
Ceblepyris papuensis, Midler, Natuurl. Geschied. Land-en Folkenk. 
p. 191; Jtilpp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 33. 
Ceblepyris (Graucalus) affinis, Hupp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 38. 
Clioucari de Desgraz, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas Ois. 
pi. 7. fig. 1. 
Campephaga papuensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. P. Z. S. 1858, 

p. 193 ; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 31; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 ; 
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 337, no. 5082. 
Campephaga desgrazii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. P. Z. S. 1858, 

p. 193 ; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 31; id. P. Z. & 1801, p. 435; 
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337. no. 5083. 
Graucalus 
desgrazii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 355; Jacq. et Puclxer. Voy. 
Pole Sud, ZooL iii. p. 64; Selater, Pr. Linn. Soc. ii, p. 159; Bosenb. 

J.f O. 1864, p.* 121. 
Campephaga melanolora, Gray, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 353,1861, p. 435; 
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171 ,* Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 336. no. 5075. 
Graucalus melanolorus, 
Hartl. J.f 0.1864, p. 443; Meyer, Sitz. h 
Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 505. 

Adult male. General colour above French grey, the wing-coverts 
like the back, the greater series with an edging of lighter grey; 
bastard wing black, narrowly margined with white; primary-
coverts black, externally ashy grey; quills black, narrowly margined 
.with ashy grey, the secondaries more broadly grey on the 
outer web, the inner ones edged also with white, the innermost 
black on the inner web, grey on the outer; rump and upper tail-
coverts lighter grey than the rest of the upper surface; two centre 
tail-feathers grey, blackish towards the tips, which are narrowly 
edged with white; remainder of tail-feathers black, washed with 
grey at the base and tipped with ashy, narrowly edged with whitish; 
a narrow frontal band, lores, feathers below the eye and at base of 
lower mandible black, this colour, however, not encircling the eye, 
the hinder part of the eyelid being grey like the sides of the face; 
cheeks grey like the ear-coverts; under surface of body light French 
grey, the chin white, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white; 
sides of body and thighs light grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white; quills ashy grey below, white along the inner webs; 
"bill, feet, and iris black7' (D'Alhertis). Total length 10 inches, 
culmen 0-95, wing 5*7, tail 4*2 tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. Not to be distinguished from the male except by 

OAMPOPUAOTD/E. 

the duller black of the lores and frontal band. Total length HK5 
inches, culmon 1, wing 5-2, tail d%% taraus 1. 

Ohs. I have united (f. mehuwforus of (ifray from Batchian and 
the neighbouring Molucca islands, aw it differs only in its slightly 
larger bizo. 

Taiing female (Andai, N.W. Now Guinea, July 1873, Dr. A. JL 
Meyer). Differs from the adults in being lighter and purer French 
grey on the upper surface, as also in the centre tail-feathers, which 
are white at the tips and hare no subtormiuol blackish shade; 
secondaries whito on the outer web, the innermost almost entirely 
so, the primaries edged and tipped with whito; throat white, as 
also the breast and abdomen, leaving only the jugular region and 
chest grey. This oxample still retains a few of the mottled plumes 
of the young dress. (Mus. Dresden.) 

Eab. New Guinea and adjacent islands, Batchian, Gilolo, Ternate, 
Tidore, Morty Island. 

«, b. c? ad. sk. Arfak Mountains. M. Laglaize [0.1 
c, d. Ad. sk. Salwatti. A. B . Wallace, Esq. [0. 

e. J ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
f> 9* 6 j h, i* ? ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.^ 
(Types of C. melanolord). 

h. Ad. sk. Gilolo. A. I t Wallace, Esq. JXT 
I 2 ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace, Esq. fO." 
m. Ad. sk. Morty Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. 
16. G-raucalus sclateri. 
Grauealus melanolorus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 3. 
Grauealus papuensis, Sektter, JP. Z. S.1877, p. 101. 
Grauealus sclateri, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 325 (e.r 


Finsch MS. in Mm. Br em.). 

Adult (New Ireland; type of species). Similar to G, papuensis, 
but larger and more dingy ash-grey; under surface of body much 
whiter and tinged with dull ashy grey on the breast instead of light 
bluish grey. Total length 11-5 inches, culmon 1*1, wing 6-5, tail 
5*3, tarsus 1*1. (Mus. Brem.) 

Hal. Now Ireland. 

17. Grauealus lineatus. 
Ceblepyris lineata, Swains. Zool Journ. i. p. 466; Hupp. Mm. 
Senchenb. iii. p. 30. 

Grauealus swainsoni, Goidd, Syn. B. Austr. part iv.; id. B. Amtr. 
folio, ii. pi. 58 j Reichenb. V'6g. Neuholl. yp. 107, 283; Bp. Comp. 
I p. 354; Marti. J.f. 0. 1864, p. 445; Gotdd, Handb. B. Amir. 

i. p. 197; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 84. 
Campephaga lineata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283. 
Campephaga swainsoni, Mmeh, Neu-Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand4. 
B. i. p, 337, no. 5079. 
Grauealus lineatus, Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. W. S. W. ii. pt.2, p. 180, 
no. 109. 

4 , &HATTC1LTJS. 

41 

Adult General colour above dark French, grey, the wing-coverts 
uniform with the back, the greater series with a narrow white 
edging; bastard plumes black, edged with white; primary-coverts 
and quills black, externally grey with a narrow white margin, the 
innermost secondaries black on the inner web, grey on the outer 
one : two centre tail-feathers dark ashy grey, black at the tip; remainder 
of the tail-feathers black, more or less grey at the base, 
and with a narrow white edging at the tip and on the inner web of 
the outer feathers; a narrow line at base of feathers, lores, and 
feathers in front of the eye black; round the eye a ring of dusky 
grey feathers; sides of face, throat, and chest grey like the upper 
surface; remainder of under surface of body regularly barred with 
"black and white, the bars about equal in breadth; thighs dark 
grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries barred with black and 
white like the breast; greater under wing-coverts and quills below 
dark ashy, the former faintly barred with grey and white, the latter 
darker at the tip and whitish along the inner web; " bill and feet 
Mack; iris straw-colour" (Gould). Total length 9*5 inches, eulnien 
0-75, wing 5*55, tail 4*05, tarsus 0-9. 

Hah. Xew South Wales and Eastern Australia as far as Buckingham 
Bay. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Moreton Bay. Purchased. 

18. Grraucalus maforensis. 
Campephaga maforensis, Meyer, Sit%t la. Akad. Wien, xlix. p. 386 
(type examined) 
Grauealus maforensis, Balvad. Ami. Mm. Civic. Genov. viii. p. 927. 

Adult male (Mafoor, March 1873; type of species). Above light 

bluish grey, the wing-coverts like the back; bastard plumes black, 

narrowly edged with white; primary-coverts black on the inner 

webs, externally grey, rather lighter on the extreme margin ; quills 

black, the primaries with a narrow edging of hoary grey, the secon


daries like the back, blackish on the inner web; tail-feathers en


tirely black (only three feathers remaining) ; sides of face a little 

darker bluish grey than the head; a narrow frontal line, lores, fea


thers in front of the eyes and at base of cheeks black; throat and 

chest bluish grey; breast and remainder of under surface of body 

black, crossed with very fine narrow lines of greyish white ; thighs 

bluish grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries black, barred with 

white like the breast, but the bars much broader; quills ashy grey 

below, narrowly edged with white along the inner web; " iris yel


low " (Meyer). Total length 8*8 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4*7, tail 

3*8, tarsus 0*8. (Mu$. Dresden.) 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having much broader 
white cross "bars on the under surface, the black ones, however, 
being broader than the white ones: above, the colour is darker bluish 
grey than in the male, the black at the base of the forehead being 

VOL. iv. E 

CAMPOPHAGIDiE. 

moro dusky and not so velvety black; the secondaries as well as the 
primaries have a narrow and nearly obsolete hoary-grey edging, and 
are much more broadly margined with white on the inner web below 
; tail black, the outer feathers with a narrow white tip, the two 
centre feathers dark grey for the greater part of their extent, black 
at the tips. Total length 8*8 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4-85, tail 4, 
tarsus 0*8. (Mies. Dresden.) 

Hah. Island of Mafoor in the Bay of Gfeolvink. 

5. 
EDOLIISOMA. _ 
Type. 
Edoliosoma, Jacq. et Pitcher. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool iii. Ots. p. 69 
(1853) E. melan. 

Range. Malayan archipelago, Philippine Islands, Timor, Molucca 
Islands from Celebes to New Guinea and North-eastern Australia. 

Key to the Sjpeeies. 

a. Uniform below, not barred. 
a'. Black above and below. 
a". Bump dark slaty grey ccendescens J , p. 44. 
b". Eump like the rest of the upper surface. 

a"'. Reflexions of black plumage purple .. nigrum c?, p. 45. 
b'". Reflexions of black plumage bottle-
green dispar <$, p. 46. 
b'. Black below, grey above, with black wings 
and tail montammi tf, p. 40. 
&. Grey below ; under tail-coverts like abdomen. 
c". Centre tail-feathers black; no ashy tips 
to any of the outer tail-feathers montanum § , p. 46. 
d". Centre tail-feathers entirely grey with 
no black tip xnczrtmn §, p. 52. 

e". Centre tail-leathers grey with a spot of 
black near the tip; outer tail-feathers 
tipped with ashy grey. 


c'". Greater wing-coverts conspicuously 
edged with white bordering the 
g^y. 


a4. With a blackish shade on the ear-
coverts and cheeks; throat shadowed 
with darker grey, so that 
it looks a little darker than the 
rest of the under surface. 


«\ General colour light slaty grey, 
the centre tail-feathers nearly 
entirely light slaty grey like the 
back, with a small black spot at 
the tip . , , , ceramense} p. 47. 

¥\ 
General colour dark bluish slatecolour, 
the centre tail-feathers 
like the back, gradually shading 
off into black at the tip sahadorii tf, p. 48. 

5 . EDOLIISOMA. 
l\ With no black on the ear-coverts or 
sides of face, these being light 
ashy; throat also ashy grey, not 
darker than the rest of the under 
surface. 


c%. Much larger and of a darker grey; 
feathers in front of eye black: 
wing 4*95 inches: sexes different 
timorienm $, p. 49, 

d8. Smaller; wing 4-25 inches: sexes 
alike; paler grey than the preceding 
species, with only a dusky 
spot in front of the eye marginatum, p. 50. 

d"'. No white on the greater wing-coverts, 
which are edged with light grey only. 


c4. Secondaries edged with the same 
grey as the back, not with whitish 
or hoary grey. 


eB. Smaller: slaty grey all over, without 
any leaden-blue appearance; 
no black on the chin; wing-
coverts entirely grey on the outer 
webs schisticeps S, p* 50. 

f5. Smaller: light leaden blue; throat 
dark slaty blue like the rest of the 
under surface, the chin shaded 
with black; wing-coverts only f aruensis $, p. 52. 
broadly edged with grey ....•< imertum $, p. 52, 

lobiense <J, p. 51. 

<75. Larger: dark slaty blue above and 
below, the throat shaded with 
black as far even as the jugud4. 
Secondaries edged with hoary grey 
or whitish. 


h5. Black on the throat extending on 
to the fore neck and breast, the 
rest of the under surface very 
dark grey mono $, p. 54. 

a*5. No black on the throat, excepting 
a slight shade on the base of rtenuirostre # p. 55< 
theckm

 {grayi <$,?.&. 

V. Grey below; under tail-coverts rufous anale, p. 58. 
\ Rufous below; under tail-coverts like the 
abdomen. 
f". With slaty-grey or bluish head. 
e"\ Smaller; wing 4*4 inches: under surface 
of body entirely deep^ chestnut 
like the rump and upper tail-coverts; 
back chestnut-brown schisticeps $ , p. 50. 

/"'. Larger; wing 4*7 inches: under surface 
of body fawn-colour; back 
brown with an ashy shade, the 
rump and upper tail-coverts a little 
lighter meyeri $, p. 53. 

E2 

CAMPOPXtAGIDiE. 

</'. With brownish head slightly glossed with 
greenish grey; rump and upper tail-
coverts chestnut fawn-colour; centre 
tail-feathers chestnut - brown, darker 
brown at tips remotum $, p. 54. 

h". With rufous or rufous-brown head nigrum $, p. 45. 

b. Banded with zigzag cross lines or regular bars 
on the under surface of the body. 
/', Upper surface blue-grey, as also the two 
centre tail-feathers, the latter being black 
at the ends; secondaries and wing-coverts 
not edged with rufous. 


i". Wing-coverts and secondaries distinctly 
edged with white; under tail-coverts 
buffy white salvadorii $ p. 48. 

k". Wing-coverts and secondaries externally 
blue-grey, a little more hoary on the 
secondaries; under tail-coverts fawncolour 
or light cinnamon morio £ , p. 54. 

g\ Upper surface brown, more or less shaded 
with ashy; secondaries and wing-coverts 
edged with rufous. 


I". Under tail-coverts perfectly uniform buff. 

g'». Throat uniform {nemtis, p. 56. * 
"b!". Throat with narrow cross bars of 
blackish. 
e4. Under wing-coverts and edgings to 
quills chestnut or deep fawn-colour grayi §, p. 57. 
f4. Under wTing-coverts and edgings to 
quills light creamy buff timoriensis $ , p. 49. 
m". Under tail-coverts rufescent, barred with 
black dispar $, p. 46. 
n". Under tail-coverts chestnut-rufous aruensis $, p. 52. 

1. Edoliisoma caerulescens. 
Oeblepyris caerulescens, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 1842, p. 463,1846, p. 307: 
id. Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 191. 
Campephaga caerulescens, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283: Kartl. J. f. 0. 

1865, j). 157. 
Oeblepyris aterrima, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 368*. 
Campephaga aterrima, Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 338, no. 5100 (descr. 

nulla). 
Volvocivora caerulescens, Walden, Tr. Z. 8. ix. p. 178, pi. xxx. 
fig. 2 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. 8oc. new series, vol. i. p. 351: Tweedd. 

P. Z. S.1877, pp. 693, 759, et 1878, p. 283. 
Adult (type of C. aterrima). General colour all over glossy 
purplish black, with a very indistinct gloss of steel-colour on the 
wings; lower back and rump slaty grey, the feathers being edged 
with this colour, more distinct on the sides of the rump and outer 
upper tail-coverts; "bill, legs, and claws jet-black; iris dark 

* I cannot find whore this name was published. It is probable that Mr. 
Blyth saw the name on the stand of the specimen in the British Museum. 
5 . EDOLIISOMA. 
45 

brown" (A. Everett). Total length 10-5 inches, culmen 0*9, wine* 
5-05, taH 4, tarsus 0-95. 
Hah. Island of Luzon, Philippine archipelago. 

a. Ad. st Manilla, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [0.]. 
(Type of C. aterrima.) 
2. Edoliisoma nigrum. 
Lanius niger, Gam. Voy. Coquille, i. p. 589; Less. TraiU, p. 375• 

Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 14; Giebel, Orn. Thes. ii. p. 442. 

Lanius melas, Less, et Gam. in Less. Man. dJOm. i. p. 128. 

Ceblepyris melas, S. Milll. Verh. Natuurl Geschied. Land- en Vol-

Jcenk. p. 189. 

Ceblepyris cinnaniornea, S. Mull. t. c. p. 189. 

EcheniHeur de Marescot, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Ois. pi. 10. 

fig. 2. 
• 

Campepliaga marescotii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 (ex. II. ty /.). 

Campephaga melas, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353; 

Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193; id. B. New Guinea, p. 32; Wall P. 

Z. S. 1862, p. 165; Bosenb. J. f. O. 1864, p. 121; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5094; Meyer, Sitz. 
h. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 389. 
Campephaga cinnamomea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 383; Bosenb. J.f.O. 1864, p. 121. 
Edoliisoma marescoti^.J«c</. et Pucher. Voy. Bole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 69; 
Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 540. 

Edoliisoma melan, Sclater, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool, 1858, p. 160. 

Campephaga melsena, Gray, P. Z, S. 1861, p. 435; Hartl. J.f 0. 

1865, p. 156. 

Edoliisoma 
melas, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic, vii. p. 772; id. fy 
D1 Albert, t. c. p. 821; Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 27, xiip. 137; Sharpe, 
Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xiii. p. 317. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy purplish black, the 
upper tail-coverts and wing-coverts edged with purple; quills black, 
with a greenish gloss on the inner secondaries, the primaries externally 
margined with purple; tail-feathers glossy black, with a slight 
steel-greenish lustre, the feathers obscurely margined with purplish; 
sides of head and entire under surface of "body glossy purplish black, 
as also the under wing-coverts ; quills brownish black below. Total 
length 8*2 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-9, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Different from the male : of a foxy red colour, 
including the tail-feathers, which are somewhat brownor on the 
inner webs; crown of head browner than the back; wing-coverts 
olive-brown edged with foxy rufous, the secondaries also of this 
colour; bastard plumes and primary-coverts brown, edged with 
olive; primaries brown, margined with dull rufous-brown; lores 
and an eyebrow deep foxy rufous; feathers in front of the eye 
blackish; sides of face deep foxy rufous, the ear-coverts with buify 
whitish shaft-lines; entire under surface of body foxy rufous, including 
the under wing-coverts ; quills brown below, ashy fulvous 
along the inner webs. Total length 9*3 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 
4-6, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*9. 

CAMPOPHAttlDiK. 

Yauny male (Andai, August 1872, J)1Alberth). At first resembles 

the old female, but gradually gains the adult male plumage by the 

double action of a direct moult and by a change of feather; " bill, feet, 

and iris black" (ZfAlbertis). "Wing 4*45 inches, (Mus. Civic, Qenov.) 

A male bird from Port Moresby differs from others from Northeastern 
New Guinea in having bronzy-green edgings to the wing-
coverts; but as lean see a trace of an occasional green shade on the 
margins to the wing-coverts in some of the latter, I do not propose 
to separate as a species the southern bird. The appearance mentioned 
is not like the green shade in E. dispar, which is a good 
species. 

Bab. New Guinea ; Aru Islands. 

a, b. <$ ad., c. 5 ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 

d. ($ ad% sk. Arfak Mountains. M.L. Laglaize [0.]. 
e. (S ad.,/. § ad.sk. Amberbaki, New Guinea. M. L. Laglaize 10. |. 
g. cJjuv.sk. Amberbaki,New Guinea. M. L. Laglaize [0.1. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Tort Moresby. 0. C. Stone, Esq. [u.]. 
i. <$ juv. sk. Am Islands. A. R.Wallace, Esq. [0. J. 
A*. tf'ad. sk. Anstis, Jobi Island,April Dr. A. B. Meyer [O.J. 
1873. 


3. Edoliisoma dispar. 
Edoliisoma dispar, Salvad. Ann, Mus, Civic, Genov. xii. p. 329. 
Adult (type of species: Ke Bandam, July 28th, 1873, Beccari), 

General colour above and below glossy black, with bottle-green re


flections, the feathers grey at the base. Total length J 0 inches, 

culmen 0*9, wing 5-1, tai] 4-5, tarsus 1*05. (Mus. Civic. Genov,) 

Female (not quite adult: Gran Key, August 1873, Beccari). 
General colour above olive-brown, greyer on the head, the wing-
coverts rather more rufous-brown; the quills dark brown edged with 
rufous, the secondaries with fulvous; tail-feathers dark brown, 
rufescent at the tip; lores hoary grey; in front of the eye a dusky 
spot, round the eye a ring of whitish plumes; ear-coverts dark 
brown with white shaft-streaks; cheeks and under surface of body 
rufous-buff, barred with dusky blackish cross lines, narrower on the 
under tail-coverts, which are more rufous; the under wing-coverts 
and axillaries rufous-buff, the latter with dull brownish cross lines; 
quills blackish brown below, rufescent along the inner webs. Total 
length 8*5 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4*85, tail 3*8, tarsus 0-95. (Mus. 
Civic. Genov.). 

Bab. Molucca Islands; Goram, Tijor, Pulo-Padjang, Monawolka, 
Matabello, Banda, Ke\ 
a, <5 ad. sk. Island of Goram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 

4. Edoliisoma montanum. 
Oampephaga montana, Meyer, Sitz. k Ahad. Wien, lxix. p. 386. 
Edoliisoma montanum, Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 927. 

Adult male. General colour above blue-grey, including the wing-
coverts ; greater coverts black, edged with grey; bastard wing, 

5 . ED0UIS03LA. 
primary-coverts, and quills black, with a steel-green gloss on the 
margin, the inner secondaries broadly edged with grey; tail-feathers 
black, glossed with steel-green on the margins; a narrow frontal 
line, lores, feathers round the eye, sides of face, sides of neck, and 
entire under surface of body glossy black, the thighs ashy grey; 
under wing-coverts black; greater series of under wing-coverts 
and quills below ashy grey. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 0-8, 
wing 5-4, tail 4*3, tarsus 1. 

Adult female (Profi, Arfak Mountains, July 10, 1875, Beccari). 
Differs from the male in being of a lighter bine-grey both above and 
behw; only the lores, feathers at base of forehead and in front of the 
eye, front half of eyelid, a spot at base of lower mandible and chin 
Mack. Total length 9'5 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 5*05, tail 4*1, 
tarsus 1. (Hits. Civic. GenovJ) 

The typical specimens lent to me by Drs A. B. Meyer measure as 
follows:— 

Total 
length.
in. 
Culmeu. 
in. 
Wing, 
in. 
Tail. 
in. 
Tarsus. 
in. 
a. £. Arfak Mountains .. 9-2 0-75 5-3 4*3 1 
k O, n „ .. 8'6 0-8 5-0 4*1 1 

The female is not fully adult, and has the inner secondaries and 
the outer tail-feathers tipped with white; the under tail-coverts are 
rufous, barred with dark slaty grey, from which it may be inferred 
that the young bird is entirely marked in this manner on the under 
surface. 

Eahm ^oith-western Xew Guinea. 

/i. 2 a$- sk Tjobonda, Arfak Mountains. M, L. Laglaize [C.l. 
Feb. 13, 1876. 

5. Edoliisoma ceramense. 
Graucalus ceramensis, Bp. Consp. i. 355 ,* Saril, J.f.O. 1864, p. 442. 
Campephaga ceramensis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 354; Fimch, Netur 
Guinea, p. 172; Gray, Waml-L B, L p. 336, no. 5073. 
Campephaga amboinensiSj Handl J.f. 0.1865, p. 150 • Gray, Hand-L 

B. i p. 338, no. 5102. 
Volvocivora amboinensis, Briiygem. Abhandl. Bremen, v. p. 71, 
Adult male (Xorth Ceram, Wallace). General colour above light 
slaty grey; wing-coverts black, externally slaty grey, of a lighter 
shade than the back, the greater series bordered with white on the 
extreme edge of the feathers; bastard plumes and primary-coverts 
black, the latter with a very narrow edging of grey ;_ quills black, 
externally margined with light grey, the secondaries with a marginal 
edging of whitish; two centre tail-feathers light slaty grey with a 
subterminal Mack mark, the rest of the tail-feathers black, ripped 
with ashy grey, more broadly towards the outermost; nasal bristles, 
feathers In front of the eye, cheeks, and ear-coverts black, the latter 
washed with slaty grey*; under surface of body slaty grey, rather 
darker on the throat, and inclining to blackish on the chin: under 

CAMl'OPnAGIDJE. 

wing-covcrts lighter grey than the breast; quills blackish below, 

broadly white along the inner webs. Total length 10 inches, culmen 

0-9, wing 4*9, tail 4, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female (Amboyna, Wallace). Different from the male. 

Above ashy brown, with a greyish shade on the rump, upper tail-

coverts, and crown; least wing-coverts like the back, rest of the 

coverts brown, externally edged with pale rufous or buff, some of 

them with ashy; quills dark brown, edged with rufous, broader on 

the secondaries; bastard wing and primary-coverts dark brown, 

narrowly edged with ashy; centre tail-feathers fulvous brown, the 

others dark brown, broadly tipped with creamy buff, more extended 

on the outermost; lores hoary grey ; over the eye a streak of fawn


colour ; eyelid creamy buff; in front of the eye a triangular blackish 

patch; ear-coverts dull greyish, streaked with whitish buff; under 

surface of body rich creamy buff, the throat narrowly streaked with 

blackish, the breast and flanks with arrow-head wavy cross lines of 

black; under tail-coverts uniform; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

rich creamy buff; quills bright ashy brown below, rufous along the 

inner webs. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4*85, tail 4, 

tarsus 0*95. 

Hob. Coram, Amboyna, Mysol. 

a. (S ad. sk, N. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
b. 2 ad. sk. Amboina. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.". 
c. d. S ? ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
6. Edoliisoma salva&orii 
Edoliisoma salvadorii, Sharpe, Mitih. k. zool. Mm. Dresden, Heft iii. 
Adult wale. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, the 
lesser wing-coverts like the back; median series black, margined 
with grey; greater series black, shaded with grey and inclining to 
white on the extreme edge; bastard plumes and primary-coverts 
black, the former narrowly edged with white, the latter with grey ; 
quills black, the primaries edged with grey, the secondaries shaded 
with green, broadly margined with white, before which is a slight 
subterminal shade of grey; tail-feathers black, the outer feathers 
broadly, but obscurely, tipped with ashy grey, the centre ones dark 
grey, shading off into black at the tips; a narrow frontal line, lores, 
feathers in front of and round the eye and at the base of the cheeks 
black; ear-coverts dark grey, shaded with blackish; under surface 
of body dark bluish slate-colour, the chin black, the thighs also 
shaded with blackish; under wing-coverts bluish grey, those near 
the edge of the wing with black bases; quills ashy blackish below, 
broadly edged with dull white on the inner webs. Total length 8'5 
inches, culmen 0-8, wing 4*85, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Bluish grey above, a 
little duller than the male, the upper tail-coverts margined with 
hoary whitish; least wing-coverts like the back, median and greater 
series dark brown, distinctly edged with white, before which is a 

5 , EDOIIISOMA. 

more or less distinct shade of grey; primary-coverts dark brown, 
with, obsolete grey edgings; quills dark brown, with a narrow 
greyish margin to the primaries, the secondaries more broadly edged 
with white; tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with white, more 
broadly on the outer feathers, the centre feathers ashy grey, black 
at the ends, which are slightly tipped with white; feathers in front 
of the eye black, surmounted by loral plumes tipped with white; 
ear-coverts black, distinctly and broadly streakod with white, 
broadening out towards the tips of the feathers ; cheeks and under 
surface of body white, broadly barred across with ashy black, the 
chin and under tail-coverts uniform buffy white without bars; under 
wing-coverts pale ochraceous buff; quills dark ashy brown, pale 
ochraceous buff for the greater part of the inner webs. Total length 
8*6 inches, oilmen 0*8, wing -1-85, tail 3-8, tarsus 0*9. (Mus.Dresden.) 

Hal. Sangi Islands, north of Celebes. 

2 a(*' sk*

a. Sargi Islands (A. B. Meyer). Dresden Museum. 
7. Edoliisoma timoriensis. (Plate I.fig. 1.) 
Campephaga plunibea, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 (nee Midi). 
Adult male. Above light blue-grey, paler on the rump and upper 
tail-coverts, the lesser wing-coverts like the back; median series 
blue-grey, blackish at base of inner web ; greater series black, externally 
blue-grey, with a narrow edging of white; bastard plumes 
and primary-coverts black, with a very narrow margin of grey ; 
quills black, the primaries margined narrowly with hoary grey, the 
secondaries broadly grey, on the outer web narrowly margined with 
white; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, with a subterminal spot 
of black; remainder of tail-feathers black, tipped with ashy grey, 
gradually increasing in extent towards the outermost, which is grey 
along the outer web; feathers in front of the eye dusky grey; 
the sides of the head slightly darker grey; under surface of body 
bluish grey, a little duller on the throat; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries very pale hoary grey, the quills blackish below, white 
along the inner webs. Total length 10 inches, culmen 08 , wing 
4-95, tail 4-2, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
ashy grey, bluer on the head, the rump and upper tail-coverts tinged 
with ochraceous; lesser wing-coverts like the back, median and 
greater series dark brown, broadly edged with ochraceous buff; bastard 
feathers and primary-coverts dark brown, narrowly edged with 
whity brown; quills dark brown, margined with ochraceous buff, 
much more broadly on the secondaries; two centre tail-feathers pale 
ochraceous brown, the rest of the tail-feathers dark brown, tipped 
with ochraceous buff, broader on the outside tail-feathers; lores 
forming a narrow line of hoary white; round the eye a ring of 
whitish feathers; in front of the eye a spot of dusky black; ear-
coverts and sides of face ashy grey, with whitish shaft-lines; cheeks 
and under surface of body dull white, crossed with wavy lines of 
dusky brown, the under tail-coverts ochraceous buff; under wing


CAMPOPHAGHDiE. 

coverts and axillaries deep ochraceous buff, as also the lining of the 
quills below. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 5, tail 4*5, 
tarsus 0-9. 

Eab. Timor group of islands. 
a, b. tf ad., c. $ ad. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l. 

d. ? juv. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.j. 
8. Edoliisoma marginatum. (Plate I. fig. 2.) 
Oampephaga marginata, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 31 ; Hartl J.f O. 
1865, p. 153 • Fmsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 172 • Gray, Hand4.B. i. p. 338, 
no. 5098. 

Edoliisoma marginata, Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 378. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above ashy grey, a 
little duller on the head; least wing-coverts like the back; greater and 
median series ashy grey, blackish at the base and on the inner webs, 
the greater coverts edged with white; bastard wing and primary-
coverts black; quills also black, the primaries with a narrow edging 
of hoary grey, the secondaries broadly margined with grey and narrowly 
edged with white, exactly like the greater coverts ; two centre 
tail-feathers ashy grey, sub terminally marked with black, the rest of 
the tail-feathers black, tipped with ashy, more broadly on the outermost, 
which is ashy also for a great part of the outer web ; lores and 
sides of face a little more dusky than the head ,* in front of the eye a 
blackish spot; under surface of body lighter ashy than the upper 
surface • under wing-coverts and axillaries white, washed with light 
grey; quills dark ashy brown, white along the inner webs. Total 
length 9 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 4*25, tail 3*4, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, the eyelid white, the ear-
coverts also mottled at base with white spots; under wing-coverts 
pure white. Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 4*25, tail 
3*4, tarsus 0*9. 

Hob. Island of Bouru, Moluccas. 

a, b. tf ? ad. sk Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Types of species.) 
c. Ad. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 

9. Edoliisoma schisticeps. 
Echenilleur a calotte grise, 
Honibr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, 
pi. 10.fig. 1. 
Oampephaga schisticeps, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 {ex H. fy J.) ; Pp. 
Consp. i. p. 355; Sclater, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1858, p. 100; Gray. 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193; id. Cat. P. New Guinea, p. 32; id. P. Z. S. 
1861, pp. 429, 433j Mosenb, J.f 0.1864, p. 121; Eartl. J. f O. 
1865, p. 154; Finsch, Neu~Guinea. p. 171; Gray, Hand-l. P. i. 
p. 338, no. 5095. 
Ceblepyris schisticeps, Jacq. et PucJier. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 70. 
Rectes drasclii, Pels. Perh. %.-b. Gesellsch. Wien, 1876, p. 218. 
Edoliisoma schisticeps, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii, p. 329 : 
id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 96, note. 

5 . EDOLIISOMA. 
51 

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, the lesser and median 
wing-coverts like the back; greater wing-coverts lighter grey, 
with blackish bases to the inner webs; bastard plumes, primary-
coverts, and primaries black, the secondaries broadly edged with 
grey, hoary on the margins of the feathers ; two centre tail-feathers 
dark ashy grey, with a subterminal black mark before a narrow grey 
tip; remainder of tail black, tipped with ashy grey, more broadly on 
the outer feathers; sides of face rather darker grey than the head, 
the feathers in front of the eye and above and below the fore part 
of the latter black• entire under surface of body dark slaty grey, 
the chin and fore part of cheeks blackish; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries slaty grey, the greater series and the inner lining of the 
quills hoary grey, the latter being otherwise dark ashy grey below. 
Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4*4, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*85. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour abovo 
rufous-brown, inclining to chestnut on the rump and upper tail-
coverts ; centre tail-feathers rufescent brown, blackish just before 
the tip ; remainder of the tail-feathers black, tipped with rufous, 
more broadly towards the outermost, which is also rufous along the 
outer web ; crown of head and nape slaty grey; feathers in front of 
eye blackish ; ear-coverts and sides of face rufous, with dull fulvoub 
shaft-streaks ; cheeks and entire under surface of body bright chestnut, 
including the under wing-coverts and axillaries; quills dull 
ashy brown below, pale rufous along the inner web. Total length 
8-2 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4-45, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*85. 

Hob. "West coast of New Guinea; My sol. 

«, b. S ad., c-d. $ ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 

e. S juv. sk, Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 
10. Edoliisoma obieuse. 
Campephaga melanotis, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 342 (nee Gould, nee 
Oray). 

Edoliisoma obiense, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 329. 

Adxdt (Obi Major, May 1875 ; type of species). General colour 

above slaty blue, the least wing-coverts like the back; median and 

greater wing-coverts black, broadly edged with slaty blue; bastard 

plumes black; primary-coverts black, narrowly margined with slaty 

grey; quills black, the primaries narrowly, the secondaries broadly 

margined with slaty blue ; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, with 

a large subterminal black mark, the rest of the tail black, tipped with 

abhy, the outer feather more broadly; feathers at base of bill, lores, 

feathers in front of the eye, sides of face and chin black; remainder 

of under surface of body slaty blue, a little darker than the back; 

edge of wing dull slaty blue; axillaries, under wing-coverts, and 

inner lining of quills ashy grey. Total length 9 inches, culmen 0-8, 

wing 4*6, tail 3-7, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hah. Obi group of islands, Moluccas; Sula Islands. 

a. J ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, E&q. [C.]. 
CAMPOPHAGIBiE. 

11. Edoliisoma aruense. 
Edoliisorna aruense, Sharpe, Mitth. h. zool. Mus. Dresd. Heft iii. 
Adult male (Tutor, Aru Islands, June 23, 1876, Beccari; type 
of species). Similar to the male of E. incertum, Meyer (ex Miosnoum), 
but distinguished by whitish edgings to the inner webs of 
the secondaries, and by being rather lighter bluer grey. Total length 
8*8 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 4*55, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. Civic. 
Genov.) 

Adult female (Lutor, June 24, 1873, Beccari). Entirely unlike 
the female of E. incertum, and resembling that of E. tenuirostre, but 
dark brown on the back without any grey shade, the latter being 
confined to the crown, where it is not very distinct; wing-coverts 
and quills edged with chestnut; eyebrow and sides of neck chestnut, 
as also the light streaks on the ear-coverts; under surface of body 
chestnut or very deep fawn-colour, barred across with arrow-shaped 
lines of dusky blackish everywhere, except on the throat, vent, and 
under tail-coverts, which are uniform. Total length 8*7, wing 4*45, 
tail 3*5, tarsus 0*95. (Mm. Civic. Genov.) 

Hal* Aru Islands. 

12. Edoliisoma incertum. 
Campephaga incerta, Meyer, Sitz. h. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 387. 
Edoliisoma incertum, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 928. 
Adult male (Miosnoum, May 1, 1875, Beccari). Above slaty 
blue, including the wing-coverts, the median and greater series slaty 
blue with black bases; bastard wing and primary-coverts entirely 
black; quills black, the primaries narrowly, the secondaries more 
broadly edged with grey ; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, with a 
large spot of black near the tip ; remainder of the tail-feathers black, 
tipped with ashy grey, more broadly on the outermost, which is grey 
also along the outer web; feathers at base of bill, lores, feathers in 
front of the eye and under the fore part of the latter black ; base of 
lower mandible blackish, and the ear-coverts with, a blackish, shade; 
under surface of body slaty blue, the chin blackish; under wing-
coverts and axillaries lighter ashy grey; quills dusky ash-colour 
below, greyish white along the inner web. Total length 8*4 inches, 
culmen 0-9, wing 4*45, tail 3*4, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Adult female (Ansus, Jobi, April 1873, Br. A. B. Meyer; type 
of species). Yery like the male, but having the two centre tail-feathers 
entirely ashy grey without any subterminal black spot. Total 
length 8*7 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 4*5, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. 
Dresden.) 

The type specimen above described agrees also with a female from 
Ansus (Bruij)i) in the Genoa Museum; like it, the centre tail-
feathers are uniform, with no subterminal black spot. The Miosnoum 
bird, which I cannot believe to bo distinct, is rather brighter 
blue-grey and has a good-sized black spot at the tip of the central 
tail-feathers. This may be the character of the male bird. 

5, EDOLIISOMA. 

Hal. Islands of Miosnoum and Jobi, in the Bay of Goolvink, N.W. 
New Guinea. 

13. Edoliisoma meyeri. 
Campephaga plunibea, Metjer, Sitz. lxix, p. 368. 
Edoliisoma, sp., Salved. Ami. Mm. Civic. Genov. m p. 928* 
Edoliisoma meyeri, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 327. 

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, May 22, 1875, Beccarl). Gcnoral 
colour above dark blue-grey, the least wing-coverts like the back ; 
median series blue-grey, with black inner webs; greater coverts 
black, broadly edged with grey on the outer webs; bastard wing, 
primary-coverts, and primaries black, tho latter narrowly margined 
with grey, the secondaries broadly edged with blue-grey; two centre 
tail-feathers ashy grey, black at the tips; remainder of tail-feathers 
black, the outer ones tipped with ashy grey; feathers at babe of 
upper mandible, lores, feathers in front of and below the eye black; 
eyelid blue-grey; ear-coverts black; under surface of body dark 
grey, the throat blackish, washed with blue-grey, the blackish shade 
fading off gradually on the chest; under wing-coverts dark slaty 
grey, the quills dark ashy brown below, white along the inner webs. 
Total length 9 4 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 4*7, tail 3*9, tarsus 0*95. 

(Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Adult female (Kordo, Misori, May 18, 1875, Beccari). General 
colour above rufous-brown, shaded with ashy olive on the back, the 
rump and upper tail-coverts edged with rufous-buff; least wing-
coverts like the back; median series of coverts fawn-colour, with 
concealed black on the inner web; greater coverts blackish on the 
inner webs, fawn-colour on the outer; bastard wing and primary-
coverts black, the latter with a narrow obsolete margin of rufous; 
quills black, the primaries narrowly, the secondaries broadly edged 
with fawn-colour; tail-feathers olive-brown, blackish brown near 
the tips, the outer ones nearly entirely dark brown, tipped with light 
fawn-colour, increasing in extent on the outermost feathers ; crown 
of head and nape dark slaty grey, of which a shade spreads on to the 
upper mantle; feathers at base of upper mandible and a narrow 
loral streak buffy white; plumes round the eye and a narrow line 
above the eye light fawn-buff; in front of the eye a blackish-grey 
spot; hinder margin of eyelid and a streak above the upper margin 
of the ear-coverts dark slaty grey; sides of face and ear-coverts 
mottled with buffy whitish spots, the latter streaked with buffy 
white; cheeks and under surface of body light fawn-colour, including 
the under wing-coveits and axillaries as well as the inner lining of 
the quills. Total length 9-2 inches, culmen 0 85, wing 4*65, tail 
4*0, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Hal. Islands of Misori and Mafoor, in the Bay of Geelvink, Northwestern 
New Guinea. 

a.b. & 2 ad. sk. Kordo, Misori Island, April 1873 Dresden Museum. 
(Br. A. B. Meyer). 
c 2 ad. sk* Mafoor Island, March 1873 (Dr. Dresden Museum. 
A. B. Meyer). 

5 4 
CAMPOPHAGIDJE. 

14. E&oliisoma remotum, 
EdoKosoma, sp. inc., $, Sclater, JP. Z. S. 1877, p. 101. 
Edoliosoma schisticeps, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Sac. K 8. W. ii. p. 222 
(7ieo Gray). 
Edoliisoma remotum, 87iarpe, Mitth. k. zool. Mm, Dresden, Heft iii. 

Adult male. Like the male of E. incertum. Total length 9*5 
inclios, cnlmen 0-95, wing 4*95, tail 4*05, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. Berol.) 

Adult female. Like the female of E. incertum, but with the head 
ashy brown, the rump and upper tail-coverts rufous-buff, the centre 
tail-feathers rufous-brown. (Mus, Berol.) 

Hab. Few Hanover; Few Ireland ; Duke of York Island. 

15. Edoliisoma morio. 
Oeblepyris morio, 8, Mutter, Ver. NatuurL Geseh. Land- en Volkenh. 
p. 189. 
Oampephaga morio, Gi*ay, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353; 
Hartl. J. f. 0.1865, p. 155; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 172; Gray, 
Hand-l k i. p. 338, no. 5097. 

Oampephaga 
melanolsenia, Gray, Hand-l. B, i. p. 338, no* 5099 
(descr.nuttd). 
Volvocivora monOfWalden, Tr. Z. 8. viii. p. 69, pi. viii. fig. 1 ,* Briiggem. 
Abhandl. Bremen, v. p. 71. 
Edoliisoma morio, Salvad. Mnn. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 657. 

Adult male. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, darker 
on the head, the least wing-coverts like the back ; greater and median 
series ashy grey, hoary grey on the extreme margin, and black 
on the inner webs; bastard plumes black; primary-coverts black, 
narrowly edged with grey; quills black, the primaries narrowly, the 
secondaries broadly edged with bluish grey, hoary on the margins 
and resembling the greater coverts; two centre tail-feathers slaty 
grey, black before the tips ; remainder of tail-feathers black, tipped 
with ashy grey, broader on the outer feathers; nasal plumes, feathers 
in front of and round the eye, sides of face, sides of neck, throat, 
and fore neck black, gradually shading off into bluish slate-colour 
on the rest of the under surface; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
dark bluish slate-colour; quills dusky ash-colour below, hoary 
white along the inner webs. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0*8, 
wing 4*45, tail 3"6, tarsus 0*9. 


Adult female. Different from the male. Lighter grey above, the 
median and greater coverts grey with hoary margins, the inner webs 
blackish; bastard plumes and primary-coverts black; quills black, 
externally edged with bluish grey, the secondaries more broadly 
margined with grey, hoary on the edges, the inner secondaries almost 
entirely grey, blackish on the inner webs; two centre tail-feathers 
bluish grey, with a subterminal black spot; the rest of the tail-
feathers black, tipped with ashy grey, the tips broader towards the 
outermost, which are tipped with pale ochraceous buff; lores hoary 
white; round the eye a ring of buffy white feathers; in front of the 
eye a blackish spot; sides of face grey, mottled below the eye with 

5, EDOLIISOMA. 

55 

white spots, tho ear-coverts streaked with white; chocks and under 
surface of body rich ochraceous buff, barred very distinctly with 
black wavy cross lines; thighs grey on their outer aspect; under 
tailrcoverts deep ochraceous buff, as are also the under wing-coverts 
and axillaries; quills dull brown below, white along tho inner webs. 
Total length 9 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-4, tail 3*45, tarsus 0*85. 

Hab. Island of Celebes. 
a $ ad.; b, e. g ad. sk,
d, e. tf $ ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk. 
Makassar. 
Makassar. 
Menado. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0,1. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 

16. Edoliisoma tenuirostre. 
Graucalus tenuirostris, Jard. Fdinb. Jottrn. N. Set. iv. p. 211; id, # 
Selby, III Orn. iii.pl. 114 (fig. mala); Gould, Syn.B. Anstr. partiv. 
Oeblepyris jardinii, Jxiipp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 30. 
Ceblepyris plurnbea, S. Mull. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. 


p. 189 (nee Wagler), 
Campephaga tenuirostris, Gray, Gen. B. i.*;p. 283. 
Campephaga plurnbea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353; 
Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193; id. Cat B. New Guinea, p. 32 ; Sclater, 
Br. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 160; Gray, P. Z. S.1861, p. 435; Wall P. Z. S. 
1863, p. 485; Bosenb. J.f.O. 1864, p. 121; Hartl. J. f. O. 1865, 

p. 155 ; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 1715 Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, 
no. 5096. 
Campephaga jardinii, Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 60; Bp. Consp. 1. 

p. 353 5 Reichenb. Tog. Neukoll pp. 232, 283; Gray, Cat. B. New 
Guinea, p. 58; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, 
p.84; Gould, BTandb.B. Austr.il ^.200-, Gray,IIand4.B.i.^M% 
no. 5072; Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 181. 
Graucalus jardinii, Hartl. J.f. 0.1864, p. 441. 

Volvocivora plurnbea, Salvad. JJcc. Born. p. 149. 

Edoliisoma plurnbea, Salvad. §*&Albert. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 24; 
Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 27. 
Edoliisoma miilleri, mlvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii, p. 927. 

Adidt male. General colour above dark slaty grey, a little more 
dingy on the head; scapulars and lesser wing-coverts like the back; 
median and greater series black, externally broadly margined with 
lighter slaty grey, hoary on the extreme margin; primary-coverts 
and primaries black, with a very narrow edging of grey, the secondaries 
more broadly margined and inclining to white near the tips 
of the outer webs of the inner secondaries ; two centre tail-feathers 
dark ashy grey, with a subterminal spot of black, the remainder 
black, glossed with greon on the outer margins and narrowly tipped 
with grey, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which are 
broadly tipped; lores, feathers in front of the eye, cheeks, and ear-
coverts black; under surface of body dark slaty grey, darker and 
more leaden grey on the throat; under wing-coverts like the breast; 
quills blackish below, white at the base and for the greater part of 
the inner web, forming a conspicuous wing-lining; " bill blackish 
brown ; legs very dark greenish grey; iris- dark brown " (Gould). 
Total length 10 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 5*3, tail 4-2, tarsus 1*05. 

Adult female. General colour above ashy brown, with a distinct 

CAMrOHIAGffiDJE. 

shade of ashy groy on the head, the feathers of the rump and upper 
tail-coveats with fulvescent edges; wing-coverts rather browner than 
the back, the greater series edged with light rufous; primary-coverts 
uniform brown; quills brown, with narrow fulvous margins, broader 
on the secondaries, some of which are edged with pale rufous ; centre 
tail-feathers olive-brown, washed with ashy; the remainder dark 
brown, broadly lipped with fawn-buff, increasing in extent towards 
the outer ones, the outermost being fawn-buff along the whole of the 
outer web; lores and feathers in front of the eye hoary grey; in 
front of and behind the eye a dusky blackish spot; a streak over 
the eye and eyelid pale creamy buff; ear-coverts and sides of face 
dusky blackish, mottled with white spots ; cheeks and throat creamy 
buff, as also the under surface of body, which is varied with narrow, 
waved, arrow-head lines of blackish ; under tail-coverts, as well as 
under wing-coverts and axillaries, fawn-buff; quills dusky brown 
below, pale rufous along the inner webs. Total length 9*5 inches, 
culmen 0*9, wing 4*95, tail 4*2, tarsus 0*95. 

Young. Kesembling the old female, but with white tips to the 
inner secondaries and many of the feathers of the upper surface; 
wing-coverts and quills edged with deeper rufous, as also the eyebrow 
and eyelid; below deeper buff, and the throat barred as well 
as the rest of the under surface; under tail-coverts striped with 
dusky. 

Hob. N.E. Australia and Queensland, Richmond and Clarence 
river districts, N. S. Wales (Ramsay) ; Aru Islands ; New Gfuinea. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. st.
c. Juv. sk.
cl J ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Port Albany. 
Port Moresby. 
Linnean Society [P.]. 
Purchased. 
0. C. Stone, Esq. [0.]. 
17. E&oliisoma nesioiis. 

Campephaga nesiotis, Marti. Sf Finsch, P. Z, 8. 1872, p. 98; Finsch, 
Journ. Mus. Godefr. Heft xii. p. 28, note. 
Immature (type of species). Upper surface of body rufous-brown, 
with lighter edges of rufous-buff to some of the feathers; rump-
feathers dark brown, with conspicuous rufous edges, the upper taiLcoverts 
entirely rufous; scapulars like the back; lesser wing-coverts 
brown, edged with rufous; rest of the wing-coverts and quills dark 
brown, broadly edged with rufous, inclining to fulvous at the tips of 
the secondaries; tail-feathers rufous-brown, tipped with pale rufous, 
the outer feathers darker brown, internally lighter, and externally 
tipped with rufous-buff, more broadly on the outermost, which has 
also a line of pale rufous running along the shaft; crown of head 
dark brown, slightly shaded with ashy on the forehead; lores and a 
distinct eyebrow as well as the sides of the neck deep rufous; in 
front of the eye a black spot; sides of face a little paler rufous, the 
upper edge of the ear-coverts dusky; under surface of body rufous, 
the throat and chest uniform, only the sides of the breast with a few 
wavy cross lines of blackish; under wing-coverts deep rufous, as 

5 . EDOLIISOMA. 
also the quill-lining. Total length 9-4 inches, culmen 1*15 wing 4*75, 
tail 4*1, tarsus 1*1. {Mm. Godeffroy.) 

Hah. Island of Uap, Mackenzie group. 

Ohs. Although not adult, the plumage of the type specimen kindly 
lent by the Godeffroy Museum, is so different from any other 
species that I believe the male, when discovered, will be found to be 
perfectly distinct. 

18. Edoliisoma gray! 
Campephaga melanotis, Gray, P. Z, 8. I860, p. 353 (nee Gould); 

Finsch, Neu-Guima, p. 171. 
Graucalus melanotis, Marti. J. f. 0.1804, p, 441. 
Graucalus, sp., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337. 
Edoliwoma grayi, Salvad. MSS. 

Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, the lesser wing-
coverts like the back, the median and greater series black, externally 
lighter grey than the back, with a narrow and almost obsolete hoary 
margin ; primary-coverts and quills black, narrowly margined with 
grey, the secondaries more broadly edged with grey; two centre 
tail-feathers leaden grey, with a large subterminal spot of black, the 
rest of the tail-feathers black with ashy spots at the tips, broader 
on the outer feathers ; nasal bristles, feathers in front of the eye, 
eyelid, cheeks, and ear-coverts black; under surface of body leaden 
grey, with a blackish shade on the chin; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries a little paler grey than the breast; quills blackish below, 
hoary whitish along the inner web, greyer on the secondaries. 
Total length 10-2 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4*9, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above warm brown, 
slightly shaded with ashy, the crown with leaden blue; lesser wing-
coverts like the back, median and greater series broadly edged with 
rufous; bastard plumes and primary-coverts dark brown, the latter 
with a very narrow edging of rufous ; quills black, broadly margined 
with rufous, the primaries rufous at the base, excepting the 
shaft of the quills, which is dark brown ; centre tail-feathers rufescent, 
browner at the tip, the remainder dark brown, tipped with 
rufous, more extensive towards the outermost feather, which is rufous 
along the outer web also ; feathers over the eye and upper and under 
edge of eyelid rufous-buff; lores hoary grey; feathers in front of 
and behind the eye blackish; sides of face mottled, the feathers 
dusky, spotted and streaked with fulvous ; under surface of body 
rufous-buff, barred with blackish in narrow wavy lines, the under 
tail-coverts uniform; under wing-coverts and axillaries deep fawncolour 
; quills ashy brown below, broadly rufous along the inner web. 
Total length 8*7 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4-75, tail 3-6, tarsus 0-95, 

Hah. Halmahera or Gilolo, Batchian, Ternate, Morty Island. 

a. 6 ad. sk.
b. J ad. sk.
c. <$ ad. sk.
d. J ad.sk. 
Gilolo. 
E. Gilolo. 
Batchian. 
Batchian. 
A. R Wallace, Esq. [O.l. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. |. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
Purchased. 
ef f. tf juv.sk. Morty Island, A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C], 
VOL. IV. F 

CAMPOPHAGIDiC. 

19. E&oliisoma anale. 
Campephaga analis, J. Verr. et Des Murs, Rev. etMag. de Zool. 1860, 
p. 395,1802, p. 132 j Hartl J.f. 0.1865, p. 156; Gray, Hand.-l 
B. i. p. 338, no. 5103. 
Adult, Leaden grey above, paler below ; under tail-coverts rufous 
chestnut; quills blackish ; bill dusky ; feet blackish ; iris orange-
yellow. Total length 9J", bill from gape 9'", wing 5", tail 4" 5'". 

(Hartlaub.) 
Young. Mottled and variegated below with rufous-white and 
blackish. (Hartlaub.) 
Hab. New Caledonia. 

Lobotos6. LOBOTUS.
, Reicherib. Syst. Av, pi. 54. fig. 12 (1850) 
Type> 
, L. lobatus. 
Range. Confined to West Africa. 
1. Lobotus lobatus. 

Ceblepyris lobatus, Temm, PI Col 279, 280; Less. Compl Buff, viii 

p. 390; Schim, Abbild. Vdg. Taf. 31; Less. TraiU, p. 309; Rupp 
Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 23. 
Lanicterus lobatus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 197; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 356. 
Lobotos temmincki, Reich. Syst. Av. pi. 54. fig. 12; Hartl J. f. O. 
1855, p. 31; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 99; Cass. Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Philad. 
1859, p. 52; Hartl J.f O. 1865, p. 171. 

Campephaga lobata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 356, 
no. 5062. 

Adult male. Head all round, including the throat, glossy dark 
green, with a large yellow or orange lobe at the gape; back olive-
yellow, brighter yellow near the hind neck, the sides of the neck 
slightly washed with orange-chestnut; rump and upper tail-coverts 
orange-chestnut; wing-coverts olive-yellow like the back, the greater 
and median series with blackish bases ; primary-coverts and quills 
black, the primaries edged with white, the secondaries with yellow; 
tail-feathers black, tipped with bright yellow, increasing in extent 
towards the outermost, the two centre feathers olive-green narrowly 
tipped with yellow, with a subtermina! black shade; under surface 
of body from the throat downwards rich orange-chestnut; thighs, 
under wing- and tail-feathers bright yellow; quills ashy black 
below, margined with white along the inner web; bill and feet black 
(in skin). Total length 7*3 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-75, tail 3*6? 
tarsus 0*8. 

Bab. "West Africa. 

a. 
(S ad. sk. Interior of Fantee H. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(Governor Ussher), 
7. OA.MPOPHAGA. 
7. CAMPOPHAGA. Type< 
Campephaga, Vieill Analyse, p. 39 (1810) 0. nigra. * 
Volvicivora, Ilodgs, bid. Review, i. p. JJ28 (1837) .. 0. melaschista. 
Lanicterus, Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) ix. p. 101) 
(1888) C, xanthornoides. 
Cyrtes, Reichenb. Syst. Nat. pi. lxviii. fig, 11 (1850). 

Range. Africa; India and Burmese countries to South China. 

Key to the Species* 

a. Entire plumage metallic or glossy steel-
green or purplish, both above and below, 
with sometimes a yellow or red shoulder-
spot. 
a\ with a shoulder-patch of yellow or scarlet 

wing-coverts. 
a". Shoulder-patch scarlet phoznicea, p. 59. 
b". Shoulder-patch yellow. 

a'". All the least and median wing-coverts 
orange xanthornoides, p. 00. 
b"'. Only the least and outer median wing-
coverts lemon-yelloio hartlaubi, p. 02. 

b'. Without any shoulder-patch. 
c". Below steel-green like the upper surface nigra, p, 02. 
d". Throat and breast purplish violet, con


trasting with the rest of the upper 
surface, which is steel-blue quisealina, p. 03. 


b. Plumage iron-grey or light ashy grey above 
and below, without metallic gloss. 
c\ Under tail-coverts slaty grey like the rest 
of the under surface; centre tail-fea-(lugubt*is, p. 05. 
thers black like the rest of the tail I intermedia, p. 00. 


(saturata, p. 00. 
d'. Under tail-coverts white; centre tail-feathers 
grey, blackish towards the tips. 
e", "Wings black, contrasting with the back. 


e"'. No WHta on the qjnU. Mow {^3^. ' P' "' 

d'". Middle primaries with a large ovate 
spot of white on the inner webs .. melanoptera J , p. 07. 

/". Wings grey; quills black, externally 
grey; all the wing-coverts grey^; inner 
webs of primaries broadly white.... polioptera, p. 09. 

1. Campophaga phoenicea. 
Red-winged Chatterer, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 140. 
Ampelis phoenicea, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 307. 
Tanagra dubia, Shaw, Nat. Misc. vii. ph 252. 
Turdus phoenicopterus, Temm, PL Col ii. pi. 71. 
Ceblepyris phoenicopterus, Less. Traiti, p. 369; Isid.Geof. St.-Hilaire, 


Mag. de Zool 1832, pi. 9. 

Campephaga phoenicea, 
Swains. B. W. Afr. i. p. 252, pis. 27, 28; 
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 61; Marti. 
Orn. W.-Afr. p. 98; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 153; Gray, Mand-l. 

B. 
i. p. 336, no. 5000; Sharp*, ms, 1869, p. 189; Finsch, Tr. Z. S. 
F 2 
«0 
CIMT0PTIAGTDJ3. 

vii. p. 248 : Tfcw/I. Ont. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 418; Bocaqe, Jam. Lish. 
1870, p. «4:J. 
kus phoeiiicopteru^ 7V;w«. 2W. JWi?^. p. 13. 
(Vblepyria phconifioa, Bitppell, Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 21; i?p. Cmtsp. 

i. p. 3/5;*; TIeugl Syst. Uebers. p. 32, no. 307 ; Antin. Cat descr. 
Ucc. p. 52. 
Oeblopyris ignatii, Heuyl. Syst Uebers. p. 32, no. 306. 
Lanicterus phconieeiis, Ilartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 172; Shm^^Ibis^ 

1870^ p. 55; id. Cat Afr. JS/p. 52, no. 499; ^wiw*. Sf Salvad. 
ViaggTBGgos, p. 76. 

Adult male. General colour above and below glossy steel-blue 
black; least and median wing-coverts brilliant scarlet with yellow 
bases to the feathers, the greater series black, edged with steel-blue 
and yellow at the base; quills black, the secondaries with narrow 
steel-blue edgings; tail-feathers black, narrowly margined with 
steel-blue; quills below ashy brown, washed with olive along the 
inner web ^ " bill and feet black; iris dusky brown" (Heugliii). 
Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*9, tail 3*75, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Above palo olivaceous dusky brown, the rump 
more ashy, the feathers for the most part banded with blackish and 
tipped with white; quills brightly and conspicuously margined with 
yellow ; wing-coverts broadly margined with faint yellow before a 
terminal bar of black; tail-feathers olivaceous dusky brown,, the 
outer ones more blackish, the two outermost at the tip and on the 
margin bright yellow; below whitish, partly washed with yellow 
and broadly banded with dusky; under wing-coverts and thighs 
bright yellow ; '* bill dusky blackish: feet greenish dusky ; iris 
sometimes grey, sometimes umber " (Ileuglin, Orn. N.O.~Afi\ i. 

p. 417). 
Young. Similar to the female: purer dusky greyish; head and 
nape mottled with dusky. (Heuylin, loc. cit.) 
Obs. In the Museum are specimens of female birds agreeing with 
Von Houglin's descriptions above quoted; but as they were not 
identified by the collectors as being C. p7ioemcea, and they may be 

G. ocantliomoides, I have thought it best to quote the descriptions of 
Heuglin, which are authentic, as he has apparently only met with 
one species. See also my remarks on C. ocantliomoides. 
Bab. Western and North-eastern Africa. 

a. <$ ad. sk. River Gambia. Governor Kendall [CI. 
b. $ ad, sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e. <S ad. sk. Gold Coast. Colonel Strachan [P.]. 
d. S ftd. sk. Fantee (Governor UssJier). R. E. Sharpe, Esq. 
e,f. [?] ad.sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
//. $ ad. sk. River Prah, May 1872 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(J2*. F. Blissett). 

h. Ad. sk. Tigre (Bsler). R. B.* Sharpe, Esq. 
2. Campophaga xanthornoides. 
Lanicterus xanthornoides, 
Less. Ann. Sci Nat (2) ix. p. 169: Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 356; Ilartl. J.f. 0. 1865, p. 173. 
Oampephaga xanthornoides, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283. 

7. CAMPOPHAGA. til 
(Jampephaga xanthomifclioides (lapsu), Sharp?, Ibi,% 1870, p. 35. 
Lanicterus xantliomithoides, Sharpe. Cat. Afr. 11 p. 5:2: Ifssher, 
Ibis, 1874, p. 05. 
Lanicterus, sp. no v., Salvad. 8? Antin. Viagg. Bogos, p. 76. 

Adult male. General colour above and below glossy steel-black, 
the quills and tail-feathers black edged with steel-black; lesser and 
median wing-coverts bright orange-yellow, forming a large shoulder-
patch ; quills sepia-brown below, washed with olive along the inner 
webs. Total length 7*2 inches, culmen 06, wing 3*G5, tail 3-5, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Young male. Above ashy brown, the head, neck, and mantle uniform 
; scapulars yellowish, barred across with black; lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts paler and more whity brown than the 
rest of the back, here and there tinged with rufous, narrowly barred 
with glossy greenish black ; wing-coverts dull yellowish, the median 
and greater series dark brown, edged and tipped with bright yellow; 
quills brown, margined with yellow; tail-feathers blackish, tipped 
with yellow, increasing in extent towards the outermost, the middle 
feathers olive, browner on the inner web ; lores and eyebrow white; 
round the eye a ring of buffy white feathers, and in front of and 
behind the eye a dusky blackish spot; ear-coverts pale ashy brown, 
with whitish shaft-streaks; throat white, with scarcely any cross-
markings ; rest of under surface of body white, somewhat washed 
with yellow and barred across with blackish lines; under wing-
coverts and inner linings of quills bright yellow. 

Obs. The above description is taken from an Accra skin, sent along 
with an adult male of the present bird; the female bird is very 
similar without doubt, but that the present is a male and not a 
female is proved by the presence of a single bright orange feather 
among the wing-coverts. It is strange that with a bird by no means 
rare in collections there should be so much difficulty in finding out 
the correct female plumage ; but the majority of skins roach us without 
any indication of sex. In his recent book Professor Bocage has 
endeavoured to solve the question by making tho yollow-shouldered 
bird (G. xantkornoides) tho female of the Mack Caterpillar-catcher 
of South Africa ( Cnigra). This is scarcely feasible; for, in the first 
place, I have the female bird of the latter, sent with the male by 
Mr. T. C. Atmore, both sexes having been determined by dissection*. 
Again, if G. ccanthomoides were the female of G. nigra, how is it 
that we do not find tho latter in "West Africa, but only the former ? 

It has also been put forward that G. xantliomoides is a stage of 

G. flmniQea. This seems more probable, as the two birds are 
almost of the same dimensions, and only differ in the colour of tho 
shoulder-patch. Governor TJssher thought that the yellow-shoulder^ 
bird was the older; but this I cannot coincide with, as we have in 
the Museum a specimen commencing to put on the yellow shoulder 
while still in tho mottled or young plumage. .That the other species 
changes direct from a similar plumage to tho full scarlet shoulder 
* Vide infra, p. 63. 
CAMPOPHAGIDJE. 

seems to be proved by Isidore GcofTroy's plate of C. jphosnicea. 
Lastly, if the two birds are identical, how comes it that only a 
yellow-shouldered bird occurs in South Africa, and that a red-
shouldered bird has never been seen there ? 

Hub. "Western and North-eastern Africa. 

a. c? ad., b. jtiv. sk. Accra (Capt. Haynes). It. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
c. (5 ad., d. cfjun. sk. Accra. E-. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
e. (S ad. sk. West Africa. J. Gould, Esq. 
/ . c? ad. sk. West Africa. 
g. <?ad. sk. Tigre (Eder). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

3. Campophaga hartlaubi. 
Oampephaga xanthornoides, Bayard, B. 8. Afr. p. 153 (nee Less.); 

Socage, Jorn. Zisb. 1808, p. 43. 
Oampephaga phceniceaj, Bocage, t, c. p. 43. 
Oampephaga melanoxantha, Gurney, Ibis, 1808, p. 45 (nee Licht.); 

id. in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 134, note; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. 

p. 336. 
Lanicterus hartlaubi, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. iv. p. 439. 
Adult male. Very similar to G. ooanihornokles, but distinguished 
by its having the shoulder-spot lemon-yellow instead of orange, and 
confined to the least wing-coverts and the outermost of the median 
series, whereas in 0. xanthornoides the shoulder-patch is formed of 
the entire median and lesser coverts. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 
0-7, wing 4-15, tail 4*6, tarsus 0*8. 
(Mus. G. E. Shelley.) 
Bob. South Africa. 

a. cS ad. sk. Natal. 
Purchased. 
4. Campophaga nigra. 
L'Echenilleur jamie, Levaill Ois. cPAfr. iv. p. 49, pi. 164. 
L'Eclienilleur noir, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 51, pi. 165. 
Oampephaga fiava, Vieill. N. Diet. x. p. 49. 
Oampephaga nigra, Vieill. N. Diet. x. p. 50 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283: 


Gurney, Ibis, 1864, p. 350; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335, no. 5058; 
Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 133; Bocage, 0?m. Angola, 

p. 206. 
Muscipeta labrosa, Swains. Zool. Illustr. 1st ser, iii. pi. 179. 
Ceblepyris ater, Lesson, TraitS, p. 369. 
Lanicterus swainsoni, Lesson, Ann. Sei. Nat (2) ix. p. 170. 
Ceblepyris nigra, Biipp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 21; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353. 
Oampephaga labrosa, Gh'ay, Gen. B. i. p. 283. 
Lanicterus labrosus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 356. 
Lanicterus niger, Hart I. J. f. O. 1865, p. 173; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. 
p. 52; Sharpe et Bouv. Bull. 8oe. Zool. France, i. p. 308. 
Oampephaga niger, Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 152; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, 
p. 77. 
Adult male. General colour above and below glossy steel-black 
with somewhat of a greenish cast; wing-coverts, quills, and tail-
feathers, under wing- and tail-coverts blackish, edged with the same 
steel-green as the back ; quills below greyish brown, with a quill-
lining of olive-yellow along the inner web; " bill black, yellow at 

7. CAMPOPHAGA. 
gape, tarsi and feet black; iris very dark brown " (T. Ay res). Total 
length 8*3 inches, eulinen 0*65, wing 4*1, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female (Eland's Post, T. C. Atmore). Mottled; upper surface 
of body ashy brown, the head and hind neck uniform and 
slightly tinged with yellowish; the feathers of the back also somewhat 
washed with yellow and transversely barred with black, which 
has a steel-green lustre, the latter being less distinct on the bars 
across the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, all of which 
are thickly barred across; wing-coverts blackish brown, broadly 
edged and tipped with yellow, the least series narrowly edged with 
yellow, before which is an indistinct bar of steel-green; primary-
coverts and quills blackish, externally edged with yellow, brighter 
on the secondaries: two centre tail-feathers olive-brown, washed 
with yellow on the margin; the next one on each side brown on the 
inner web, olive-brown on the outer • the next one blackish brown, 
narrowly tipped and edged on both webs with bright yellow; the 
three outermost blackish, tipped with bright yellow, increasing in 
extent towards the outermost, and edged with the same colour on 
the outer web, which is entirely yellow on the outermost feather; 
all the feathers edged with yellow also along their inner webs: 
lores buffy whitish; feathers in front of eye dusky brown; round 
the eye a ring of fulvous feathers; ear-coverts dusky brown, with 
distinct white shaft-lines; cheeks and under surface of body white, 
barred with blackish brown, arrow-shaped on the under tail-coverts, 
and indistinctly indicated on the throat and abdomen; sides of 
breast washed with yellow; thighs yellow, barred with dusky 
brown * under wing-coverts and axillaries brilliant yellow, as also 
the inner webs of the quills below for the greater part of their 
length. Total length 8*1 inches, wing 4, tail 4, tarsus 0*75. 

Hab. South Africa. 

a. $ ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. H. Trevelyan 
b. <$ pull. sk. Near Panmure. Lieut. H. Trevelyan m. c,d. c$2 ad. sk. Eland's Post, S.E. Africa B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(T. C. Atmore). 
e. £ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. At/res). K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
/ . 
<J ad sk. Elephant YLey, Oct. 20, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1859 (C. J. ATiderssori). 

g. [ cS ] juv. sk. South Africa. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
h. <$ ad. sk. South Africa. Dr. Lee [P.]. 
i. <S juv. sk. South Africa. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
5. Campophaga qiriscalina. 
Gampephaga nigra, Cass. Pr. Thilad. Acad. 1859, p. 52 (nee F.). 
Lanicterus niger, Eartl. J. f. 0. 1865, p. 173 (nee V.). 
Gampephaga quiscalina, Fihsch, Ibis, 1869, p. 189; Gray, Eand-l B. 


i. p. 335, no. 5059. 
Lanicterus quiscalinus, Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p. 52. 
Campfphaga fulgida, JReichen. J.f. 0\ 1874, p. 345, et 1875, p. 26 
(type examined). 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above shining steel


pAMPornAGrnjE. 

green, inclining to deep steol-blue on the head, the hind neck 

purple j wing-s black, all the feathers broadly margined with the 

same steel-green as the back; tail black, edged with steel-green; 

lores velvety black; cheeks, sides of face, sides of neck, and entire 

throat and fore neck purplish violet, shading off into rich steel-blue 

on the rest of the under surface of the body; under wing-coverts 

publish; u bill and feet black ,* iris blackish brown " (Bevchenow). 

Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*75, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. General colour above olive-yellowish, brighter on 
the rump and upper tail-coverts; head and nape uniform grey; 
wing-coverts olive-yellow like the back; quills brown, externally 
margined with olive-yellow; tail-feathers olive, browner on their 
inner webs, tipped with pale yellow, increasing on the outer web 
towards the outermost feathers; lores whitish, mottled with dusky 
edges to the feathers, extending a little behind the eye and forming 
an indistinct eyebrow; round the eyes a ring of buffy white feathers; 
in front of and behind the eye a dusky blackish spot; ear-coverts 
dusky brown, with narrow white shaft-lines; throat buffy white; 
rest of the under surface of the body bright yellow, including the 
under wing- and tail-coverts and the lining of the quills. Total 
length 7*2 inches, wing 3*85, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*75. 

Young. Similar to the female, but mottled on the upper surface, 
the feathers being edged with dull white, before which is a subterminal 
bar of brown * wing-coverts and secondaries tipped with pale 
yellow and subterminally barred with brown; throat white; rest 
of under surface bright yellow, the breast rather thickly barred 
across with brown, these bars less numerous on the flanks and under 
tail-coverts 

Obs. The changes of plumage in this species are satisfactorily explained 
by the series in. the British Museum. A bird was sent home 
by Mr. Blissett to the author as a dissected female of one of the 
West-African Caterpillar-catchers; and there is no doubt of its being 
a female of the present species, as he also sent a young male 
changing from the immature plumage (exactly like that of the adult 
female) to the glossy dress of the male. The feathers being donned 
on the wing-coverts are not yellow or red, but steel-black, showing 
that it cannot be referred to any species but G. quiscaliyia. 

Eab. "West Africa • Gold Coast district. 

a. 
[ $ ] ad. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(Type of species, j 
b. [Si ad. sk. Fantee (A. Swanzy), R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
c.lS jad.sk. Fantee. Purchased. 
ct $ ad. sk. Wassaw, March 1872 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(K F. Blissett). 

e. <J juv. sk. Ekraful,May20,1872 E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(H. R BlisseM). 
f. r$ ] ad., g. juv. sk. Denkera (Aubinn). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. fP."]. 
k [ ? ] ad. sk Accia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 
7 . CAMPOPHAGA. 
05 

0. Campophiaga lugubris. 
Lanius silens, Tichell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 573 (1833, nee Shaw). 
Ceblepyris lugubris, Smdev. Lund Wish. Tidshr, vol. i.: id. Ann. 

N. II. xviii. p. 109. 
Volvocivora melaschistus, 
Hodgs. Ind. Review, i. p. 328 j Jard. B. 
hid. i. p. 415 j Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 309; Hume, Str. F. 1875, 

p. 93,1877, p. 205. 
Graucalus niaculosus, M'Clell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 159. 
Canipephaga fimbriata (nee TemmX Bh/tk, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 300: 
id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 191. 
Canipephaga lugubris, Gray, Gen. i?. i. p. 283. 
Volvocivora fimbriata (ncc Temm.), Bp. Consp. i. p. 350. 
Campepkaga melaschistus, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5105. 
Volvocivora lugubris, Cab. Mus. Ileln. i. p. 01; Hartl.. f, 0. 1805, 

p. 101; Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 243. 
Volvocivora melanura, Hartl..f. 0. 1805, p. 102 (type examined). 
Adult male. General colour above and below dark iron-grey with 
a slaty gloss, the rump and upper tail-coverts slightly paler slatecolour, 
the under surface also rather paler towards the abdomen 
and under tail-coveits; wings black, the lesser coverts iron-gre} 
like the back, the remainder of the coverts and the quills glossed 
with steel-green, especially on the edges of the feathers; tail black, 
glossed with steel-green, the two centre feathers with a narrow grey 
tip, all the others tipped with a white spot, which increases in size 
towards the outermost feather, where it has a subterminal shade of 
ashy grey; feathers in front of the eye, cheeks, region of the* eye, 
and ear-coverts black, darker than the head; under wing-coverts 
like the "breast, or dull brown edged with iron-grey; quills blackish 
below, dull brown along the edge of the inner web; " bill and legs 
black; iris hazel-brown" (Jerdon). Total length 9*3 inches, culmen 
0*7, wing 4*7, tail 4-4, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being lighter and in having 
the feathers in front of the eye and sides of face dusky blackish, 
not of such a deep black as in the male. Total length 9*5 inches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 4-05, tail 4*4, tarsus 0*S. 

Young. Browner than the adult, and mottled all over with tips 
of whity buff to the feathers, before which light tip runs a subterminal 
blackish bar; the wing-coverts tipped in the same way, 
the greater coverts mottled with rufous marblings near their tips; 
quills edged and tipped with white; tail-feathers broadly tipped 
with white, these white tips often pencilled with brown; ear-coverts 
and feathers in front of the eye dusky blackish, spotted and streaked 
with white; under surface of body dull greyish white, barred across 
with dusky blackish, the abdomen and under tail-coverts much 
whiter, the bars more wavy and wider apart• under wing-coverts 
dusky grey, white at tip, barred with black lines. 

Hab. Indian peninsula. 
a-c. Ad., d, e. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P."]. 
f, g. Pull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 

A. Ad., I Jun. sk. Darkling, J. Fotheringham, Esq. [CA 
7c. Imm. sk. Darjiling. Capt. O. H. T. Marshall [V7\, 
66 CAMPOPHAOIDiE. 
I, m. Ad., n. Juv. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Oapt. Stacfchouse Pinwill 
o. Q imiB. sk.
p, q. Ad. sk.
r, s. Ad. st.
t, u. Ad. sk. 
Murree. 
Murree. 
Nepal. 
Benar. 
Oapt. J. Biddulph [C."|. 
Oapt. O.TI. T.Marshall [P.l 
B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.l 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 

7. Campophaga intermedia. 
Volvocivora intermedia, 
Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 205 j id. <§* Davison, 
Str. F. 1878, p. 210. 
Volvocivora melaschistus, Walden in Blyth's B. Burm. p. 123• Hume, 
Str. F. 1874, p. 474 

" It is very close to Volvocivora melaschistus, and, as such, I originally 
identified it; but with twenty-four specimens before rne I find 
that, sex being ascertained, no specimen of it can be mistaken for a 
specimen of the corresponding sex of V. melaschistus; but it is much 
the same size, and the old males are as nearly as possible the same 
colour as the females of V. melaschistus. Except as regards colour, 
I can point at present to no unfailing and absolute diagnosis between 
it and V. melaschistus. But, as a rule, the exterior lateral tail-feather 
is longer. In no specimen is this latter more than 1*2 inch shorter 
than the middle one, and, as a rule, it is only about 1 inch shorter. 
Usually there is a great deal more white upon the tail, the white 
tippings being conspicuously broader. As to size of bill, I can say 
nothing; for in both this race and the true V. melaschistus the bill 
varies extraordinarily in dimensions. Wing of males varying from 
4-5^-4-84, of females from 4*4-4-7." (A. 0. Hume.) 

Hah. Hills of Tenasserim, extending in the cold weather to the 
sea-board and plains of Pegu. 

8. Campophaga saturata. 
Volvocivora saturata, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 242* id. P. Z. S. 1871, 
p. 378-David # Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 103. 
Adult male (Hainan, Feb. 1868; type of species). General 
colour above very dark slaty grey, the upper tail-coverts with obsolete 
whitish margins; wings black, with a slight greenish gloss, the 
quills narrowly margined with ochraceous or buffy white; tail-
feathers greenish black, tipped with white, the white ends becoming-
broader towards the outermost; the middle tail-feathers shaded with 
grey towards the base; sides of face dark slaty grey, the feathers in 
front of the eye blackish; under surface of body dark slaty grey, 
paler on the under tail-coverts, the longest of which are tipped with 
white; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the breast, those on 
the edge of the wing margined with lighter grey; quills blackish 
below, with an obscure white patch about halfway down the quills, 
formed by a broad white edging to the middle portion of the inner 
webs of the primaries. Total length 7*6 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 
4*45, tail 4*1, tarsus 0-85. (Mus. H. Secbohm.) 

Adult female. Similar to the male; but the back more shaded 

7 . CAMPOPHAGA. 
with ashy brown, the wing-coverts narrowly edged with grey, the 
primaries margined with white, the secondaries externally shaded 
with grey ; tail-feathers as in the male, but the centre ones grey for 
two thirds of their length, black at the ends* under surface of body 
dark grey, with a shade of rusty brown surrounding the breast and 
flanks* quills as in the male below, but the white patch on the 
inner webs larger. Total length 7*7 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4-5, 
tail 3*9, tarsus 075. (Mu$. 1L Swinhoe.) 

Ohs. This is a small dark-coloured race of C. lugubris, and is 
apparently distinct from either C. intermedia or 0. neglecta of Mr. 
Hume, of which I am unable to judge personally, as I have never 
seen a specimen of either of them. 

Hob. Island of Hainan. 

9. Campophaga melanoptera. 
Ceblepyris melanoptera*, Hiipp. Mus, Senckmb. iii. p. 25, Taf. ii. 

iig. 1 (descr. orig.). 

Campephaga tricolor, Gray, Gen. B. i. p» 283 (nee Szvains.). 

Campephaga melanoptera, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 807 * id. Cat. B. 

Mus. A. S. B. p. 191. 
Oampephaja avensis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 327: Gray. 
Band-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5107. 
Volvocivora melanoptera, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 356: Marti. J. f. 0. 
1805, p. 162 ; Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 408. 
Volvocivora avensis, %Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 474, 1875, p. 93, 1877, 

p. 205* Blyth fy Walden, B. Burnt, p. 123 • Hume ty Davison, 
Str. F. 1878, p. 209. 
Volvocivora melaschistus 
(nee Jffodys.), Swinh. P. Z. S.1863, p. 282, 
et 1871, p. 378: David # Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 103. 

Adult [male]. General colour above light bluish grey, paler on 
the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings black, with a 
steel-green gloss, the least wing-coverts like the back, the rest of 
the coverts and the inner secondaries with obsolete greyish edges to 
the feathers, the primaries also with remains of grey margins ; tail-
feathers black, with a steel-green gloss, all of them tipped with 
white, the two centre feathers edged with grey more narrowly, 
the others broadly, the white tip increasing in extent towards tho 
outermost; the feathers in front of and round tho ey^, oar-coverts, 
and cheeks rather dusky • under surface of body bluish grey like the 
back, paling on the abdomen, the thighs dark slaty, the under tail-
coverts pure white* under wing-coverts and axillarics like the 
breast; quills dusky brown below, the inner webs edged with 
lighter brown. Total length 7*7 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4*5, tail 
4*0, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult [female]. General colour above cindery grey, becoming 
conspicuously lighter on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, 

* Dr. Hartlaub, in his ' Monograph,' refers this species of Kiippell's to C> 
lugubris; but this it cannot be, as the under tail-coverts are white (ventre et 
crisso albis). It can scarcely be any species but 0. avensis, of Blyth, over whoso 
name RappeH's takes precedence. 
6S CAHPOMIAGID-E. 

which are decidedly ashy grey; least wing-coverts like the back, 

remainder of the wing-coverts and quills black glossed with steel-

green and narrowly edged with grey; centre tail-feathers grey, 

gradually shading off into greenish black towards the ends of the 

feathers, which are narrowly edged with ashy grey at the tips ; re


mainder of the tail-feathers black, glossed with steel-green and tipped 

with white, becoming broader on the outer ones; lores and feathers 

in front of the eye hoary grey ; ear-coverts grey, with white shaft-

lines ; remainder of under surface light grey, becoming more of a 

fulvous ashy colour towards the abdomen, the under tail-coverts 

creamy white ; thighs ashy grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

ashy below; quills ash-coloured underneath, with a large spot of 

white on the inner webs of the middle primaries. Total length 0*^5 

inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4*5, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*85. 

Obs. I was inclined to consider the bird here described as a female 

to belong really to another species, on account of the white patch on the 

primaries ; but I find that Mr. Hume notices it in the female 0, mela


noptera. An examination of Mr. Swiuhoe's specimens from Ningpo, 

Foochow, and Canton shows that the birds determined by him to 

be Volvocivora melaschistus are really referable to G. melcmoptera. 

Hob. Burmah and Pegu ; China. 

a. [J ] ad. sk. Burmah. Capt. Staekhouse Pinwill [P.]. 
b. [c?j ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 
10. Campophaga neglecta. 
Volvocivora neglecta, Hume, Stray F. 1877, p. 203 j id. <$• Davison, 
S. F. 1878, p. 210. 
Adult male. " Lores blackibh dusky; the cheeks and ear-covertb 
are blackish slaty; the entire upper surface of the bird, including 
scapulars and lesser wing-coverts, the chin, throat, upper breast, and 
sides of the neck are of a beautiful uniform blue-grey, paler than in 
the palest female V. melaschistus, but darker than the male V. avensis. 
The colour is slightly darker on the crown, where, as in other 
species, there is a faint indication of darker striations, and it is 
slightly paler on the rump and the upper tail-coverts; the ear-
coverts are duskier, but scarcely darker than crown and throat; 
the lower breast and abdomen and the wing-lining are the same 
colour as the rump, becoming paler towards the vent, which, with 
the lower tail-coverts, are pure white; the wings, except the lesser 
wing-coverts, are black, with a distinct greenish lustre; the median 
and greater coverts, secondaries, and tertiaries are edged with the 
colour of the back; the primaries, except the first four or five, arc 
narrowly margined and conspicuously, though narrowly, tipped with 
white; the tail is black, the central tail-feathers grey for nearly 
half their length, margined with paler grey throughout and tipped 
with noarly pure white; the whole of the lateral tail-feathers are 

broadly tipped with pure white, the external ones most broadly so 
to the extent of about half an inch ; the cxtorior lateral tail-feathers 

7. CAMPOPffAGA. 
are scarcely 0%5 inch shorter than the central ones, and the penultimate 
pair are only 0*2 shorter. Total length 8*12 inches, hill from 
gape 0*85, expanse 13*0, wing 4*1, tail 3*55, tarsus 0*7o7? (Hume.) 

" Two old females, unfortunately not measured in the flesh, are 
precisely similar, except that tho wings, which measure 3*8 and 3-95 
respectively, want the slaty and white edgings and tippings, and also 
want the grey shade on the tail, while the four central tail-feathers 
have almost dropped their white tippings. In these two the exterior 
lateral tail-feathers are 0*6 and 0'G5 shorter than the central 
ones." (Hume.) 

Hah, South of the Tenasserim provinces. 

Obs. The diagnosis of the species is given by Mr. Hume as follows 
:—£i Intermediate in colour between V. melasoJiistus and V. 
mdanoptera vel avensis, but much smaller than either: wing in the 
largest male 4*17 ; outermost tail-feather only, at most, 0*75, and 
generally only about 0-65 inch shorter than central tail-feathers." 

11. Campophaga polioptera. (Plate II.) 
Adult. General colour above ashy grey, rather darker on the head 
and lighter on tho rump and upper tail-coverts ; least wing-coverts 
like the back, the median and greater coverts rather paler grey; 
bastard wing and primary-coverts black, narrowly margined with 
grey ; primaries black, narrowly edged with grey, whitish towards 
tho tip and very broadly white on the inner web ; secondaries black, 
externally grey, inclining to white at the tips; two centre tail-feathers 
ashy grey, shading into black towards the tip, which is white ; remainder 
of the tail-feathers black tipped with white, which tip 
increases in extent towards the outermost, where it is very broad ; 
sides of face like the crown, a little dusky in front of the eyes and 
on the ear-coverts ; under surface of body light grey, darker on the 
throat and paling towards the abdomen and vent; under tail-
coverts white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries light grey; quills 
dusky brown below, the inner webs white for more than half their 
length. Total length 8*3 inches, oilmen 0*6, wing 4*15, tail 3*4, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female (?). Differs from tho adult male in having hoary 
whitish edgings to the feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts; two 
centre tail-feathers grey, with a subterminal black spot, the next on 
each side black, tipped with white and grey for tho greater part of 
the outer web, the rest black broadly tipped with white; lores 
mottled with white edges ; ear-coverts grey, streaked with white; 
entire under surface of body dull white, barred across with dusky 
blackish cross lines; the under tail-coverts whiter, with the cross bars 
further apart. Total length 8*7 inches, oilmen 0*65, wing 4*1, tail 
3*6, tarsus 0*75. 

Hal. Cochin China. 

a, b.[($] ad., c. [ ? ] ad. sk. Cochin China. M. E. Pierre [P.]. 

OAMPOPHAGIDiE. 

8. 
PEKICROCOTUS. 
Type. 
Pericrocotus, F. Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 972 P. miniatus. 
Phoenicornis, H. Bote. Isis, 1827, p. 725 P. peregriuus. 
Acis, Lesson, Traite tVOm. p. 388 (1831) P. miniatus. 
Of. Hume, Stray Feathers, v. p. 171. 

Leg of Pericrocotus speciosus. 

Range, India and Ceylon, ranging through the Burmese countries 
to China and Formosa, as far north as Amoorland, extending southwards 
through the Malayan peninsula to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and 
the Philippine archipelago. 

Key to the Species, 

a. Tail-feathers tipped with red or yellow. 
a'. Sides of face and throat black, like the head. 
a". Inner secondaries with red spots near the 
tip of the outer web, in addition to the 
basal bar. 


a'". Breast and wing-markings fiery vermilion. 
a1. Two first primaries without any red 


mark on the outer web. 
a5. Central tail-feathers as a rule black, speciosus, p. 71. 
¥. Central tail-feathers almost inva


riably with more or less of the 
outer webs red elegans, p. 73. 
b\ Three first primaries without any red 
mark on the outer web. 
c5. Very rarely a portion of outer webs 
of the central tail-feathers red... . andamanensis, p. 73. 
d5. Outer webs of the central tail-feathers 
always red Jlammifer, p. 74. 
c4. Four first primaries without any red 
mark on the outer web xanthogaster, p. 74. 
b"\ Breast and wing-markings orange-red. 
(IK Larger: wing 3*5 inches; thighs 
blackish Jlammeus, p. 75. 

el. Smaller: wing 3*3 inches; thighs 
orange-yellow, the extreme bases to 
these feathers blackish exsid, p. 76. 

b". Inner secondaries wholly black at the 
tips, with no red spots near the end of 
the outer web. 


c'". Size small: upper surface ashy grey; 
lower abdomen and under tail-coverts 
white, tinged with yellow peregrmus, p. 76. 

d'". Size larger : upper surface glossy black ; 
lower abdomen and under tail-coverts red. 


8 . PEBICB0C0TI7S. 
f \ Under wing-coverts and a basal mark 
on lower ^quills yellow igneus, p. 78. 
gl» Under wing-coverts and wing-lining 
rosy or crimson. 
e5. Greater coverts crimson, with broad 
black base, this equalling the red ,lrevirostr{s -7q 

I orehl70St7

colour in extent«» P;*/yj 
neglechts, p. 80. 

f5. Greater coverts almost entirely 
crimson, the basal blackish markings 
scarcely perceptible , miniatits, p. 80. 

b\ Sides of face greyish;" the throat not black, 
but grey or buff-coloured or white, always 
lighter than the head. 


e". Tail-feathers tipped with fiery orange or 
vermilion. 


em. Upper surface ashy grey, with a rosy 
tinge on the rump; below light rosy, 
a little whiter on the chin and abdomen 
; inner secondaries with a narrow 
apical margin of rosy colour .. roseiis, p. 81. 

f'\ Upper surface blackish, the lower back 

and rump fiery vermilion. 
A1. Chin grey; throat yellow solans, p. 82. 
iK Entire throat greyish, with a slight 

yelh >w tinge ., grkeigularis, p. 83. 

d". Tail-feathers tipped with pale yellow; 
alar bpeculum also pale yellow; under 
surface of body white, as also a broad 
frontal band cantonensis $, p. 84. 

b* Tail-feathers pure white at the ends. 
v\ Breast white or ashy; wing 3"4-3*7 inches. 

e". Size larger: wing 3*7 inches; rump and 
upper tail-coverts slaty grey, like the 
mantle and scapulars; hinder crown black; 
forehead white cinereus, p. 83. 

f\ Size smaller: wing 3*4 inches; rump and 
upper tail-coverts ashy brown, contrasting 
strongly with the grey back; the head 
scarcely darker than~the mantle cantonensis d9 p. 84 

d'. Breast ro-»y or vermilion; wing 2*o-2*0o inches. 
// \ Forehead black like the head erythropygius, p. 85. 
h". Forehead white albifrons, p. 80. 

1. Pericrocotus speciosus. 
Black-and-Scariet Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 14. 
Tuidu* fpeciobU^, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 3(33. 
Mtwcipeta princeps, Vigors, IK Z. S. 1830, p. 22. 
Phoemcornid princeps, Gotdd, Cent HimaL B. pi. 7; Jerd. Madr. 


Journ* x. p. 243. 

Pericroeotup speciosus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282; Blyth, J. A. S. B. 
x\. p. tflHI; id. Cat B. Mus. A. S. J?, p. 112 ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 357; 
Iht>f. ^ Moure, Cat B. Mus. E. I Co. i. p. 143; Gould, B. Asia, 
part'ix.; Bhfth, Ibis, lbOC,p. 3G8; Jerd. B. Ind. L p. 419; Gray, 
HamU. B. i. p. 334; Stcink R Z. S. 1871, p. 379; Hume, Nests 
4- j%s Lift B. p. 182; Sharpe, Sir. F. 1876, p. 207; Hume, Str. F. 
1877, p. 102. 

CAMPOPHAGIDJE. 

Jtlult male. Upper surface of a glossy black colour; lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts fiery vermilion ; scapulars, wing-
coverts, and primary-coverts black, the greater series vermilion, the 
inner ones black, vermilion on outer web; quills black, fiery vermilion 
for the basal half and black at extreme base, the three innermost 
secondaries with a bright vermilion spot near the apex of the 
outer web ; tail fiery vermilion, the extreme bases of the feathers 
black, the two centre feathers also black, but inclining to vermilion 
towards the tip of the outer web, but this red colour often broken 
with black markings; sides of face and entire throat glossy black 
like the head ; rest of under surface fiery vermilion, including the 
under wing-coverts, which have, however, very broad black bases ; 
thighs black; bill and legs black; irides dark brown. Total length 
7-5 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 3*95, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Above grey, the lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts yellow; forehead, sides of face, and under surface of body 
bright yellow, including the under wing-coverts; wings black, the 
least coverts greyer, washed with yellow, the greater series black, 
broadly tipped with bright yellow; quills black, the basal part bright 
yellow of all but the two outermost primaries and innermost secondaries, 
four of which have a spot of yellow near the tip of the outer 
web, the extreme bases of all the feathers black ; tail black, with 
broad yellow tip, increasing towards the outermost feather, the two 
centre feathers blackish, slightly marked with yellow at the tip of 
the outer web. Total length 8 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*9, tail 
4-0, tarsus 0*7. 

Young. Coloured like the old female, but more ashy, and most of 
the feathers margined with yellow; underneath yellow. Particoloured 
specimens of the young male are in the collection, with 
the full plumage in process of assumption by a moult. 

Hah. Himalayas, westwards as far as the valley of the Tonse, 
eastwards to Western Bhotan ; in the eolef season to the plains of 
Tipperah, and in Midnapore, Chota Nagpore, the Tributary Mehals, 
the northern portion of the Ganjam district, and Sumbawhulpoor, the 
most eastern of the Central Provinces districts (Huyne) ; Burmese 

Hills; China. 
a, b. <J ? ad. sk.
c. <$ ad. sk. 
India. 
Moalmaza. 
J. T. Jerdon [P.]. 
d, e. S ? ad. sk.
fi g: 6 2 a& st.
cS ad. sk.
k, I, m. J ad. sk.
n, o. Juv. sk.
p. Imm. sk.
q. (S ad. sk. 
N.W. Himalayas. 
Nepal. 
Nepal. 
Nepal. 
Nepal. 
Nepal. 
Ponsee, Kakliven Hills,
March 14,18G8. 
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
[P.]. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
P. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
B. IT. Hodgson, Esq. 
Br. J. Anderson [C.J. 
r. g ad. sk. Bhamo, Upper Burmah,
Jan. 28, 1868. 
Dr. J. Anderson [C.1 

8. PERICROCOTUS. 
73 

2. Pericrocotus elegans. 
Phoenicornis elegans, WClelL P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156. 
Pericrocotus elegans, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282: id. Hand-l B. I p. 335; 
Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 309, 1875, p. 95, 1877, p. 191: id. $ Davison, 
S. F. 1878, p. 211. * 
Pericrocotus rutilus, Gray, Hand-l B. i, p. 335. 
Pericrocotus fraterculus, Swhhoe. Ibis, 1870, p. 244: id. P. Z. S. 
1871, p. 379. ' * 

Very like P. speciosus, but distinguished by its smaller size and 
by having the outer webs of tho centre tail-feathers red. Mr. Hume 
writes :—" Like P. speciosus, the first two primaries in the adult 
male and the first three in the female and young male alone want 
the bright patch on the outer web. No doubt there is a distinction 
in the tails, in that out of 26 adult males examined, in every one 
the outer webs of the tail-feathers were red, whereas only three out 
of 27 P. speciosus had any red on the outer webs of the middle tail-
feathers. Again, taken as a body, the backs of the females are 
somewhat darker, and the red of the males somewhat more flammeous." 
Dimensions of wing given by Mr. Hume are as follows:—" 
In the males it varied from 3*6 to 3-77 inches, and in the females 
from 3-5 to 3-8." 

Hal. Assam, Khasia hills, Kachar, Hill Tipperah, and throughout 
the Tenasserim hills to the extreme south at Malewoon {Hume); 
Siam, Cochin China, Hainan. 

a. <$ ad., b. <$ jun. sk. Bassein, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.], 
Cjd. <$ § ad. sk. Cochin China. M. E. Pierre [C.]. 
e,f. <$ J ad. sk. Hainan. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 
3. Pericrocotus audamanensis. 
Pericrocotus andamanensis, Beavan 8f Tytkr, Ibis, 1867, p. 322 j Gray, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 335 • Walden, Ibis,'l87S, p. 309$ Hume, Str. F 
1874, p. 208,1877, p. 195. 

Pericrocotus speciosus, Ball, Str. F. 1873, p. 66. 

Adult male (Andamans). Above glossy blue-black, the lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts fiery vermilion; wing-coverts black, 
the external primary-coverts with a distinct broad margin of vermilion, 
the greater series vermilion with black bases; quills black, all 
but the three outer primaries barred with vermilion near the base, 
which is black, the three inner secondaries with a narrow spot of 
vermilion near the tip of the outer web; tail fiery vermilion, the 
feathers with black bases, increasing in extent towards the centre 
of the tail, the two centre feathers black; sides of face and throat 
glossy black like the head, the rest of the under surface fiery vermilion, 
including the under wing-coverts• thighs blackish; bill and 
feet black; iris dark brown. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0-65, 

•wing 3*55, tail 3*6, tarsus 0-65. 
Hab. Andaman Islands. 
a. 6 ad. sk. S. Andaman, Feb. 27,1873 B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
( Wardlaw Ramsay). 
VOL. IV. G 


CAMPOPHA.GIDJE. 

4. Pericrocotus flammifer. 
Pericrocotus flammifer, Hume, Stray Feathers, 1875, p. 321, et 1877, 
pp. 175, 195; id. $ Damson, 8. F. 1878, p. 211. 

" This species, like P. andamanensis, has no coloured patch, on the 
first three primaries in the adult male, or in the first four in the 
female. In colour the female approaches P. flammeus• the outer 
webs of the central feathers appear to he always red. In colour the 
female is more like those of P. speciosus and P. elegans, with more 
yellow on the forehead, and of a much more orange-yellow below 
than the female P. flammeus. The wings of my specimens measure 
:—males from 3*47 to 3*5 inches, females from 3*35 to 3-42." 


(Hume.) 

Obs. I identify a specimen in the collection with Mr. Hume's 

species, which seems to be a distinct one. Unfortunately our bird 

is in changing plumage and has lost its tail, so that it was not 

available for description. 

Hob. Bankasoon, at the extreme south of the Tenasserim pro


vinces. 

a. S imm- sk. Tenasserim. J. 0. D. Packman, Esq. [P.]. 
5. Pericrocotus xanthogaster. 
Muscicapa flammea, Mors/. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 309 (nee Forster). 
Lanius xanthogaster, Raffl. t. c. p. 309. 
Pericrocotus xanthogaster, JSorsf. <$• Moore, Cat. B. Mus. F. I. Co. 


i. p. 142; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335 • Sharpe, Stray Feathers, 1876, 
p. 208; Ttoeedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 315. 
Pericrocotus ardens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 357 (ex Bote, MS.); Gray, 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 335; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 372, et 1873, p. 310; 
Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 143, pi. 2 • Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 315. 

Pericrocotus subardens, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 196. 

Adult male. General colour glossy blue-black, the lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts scarlet; tail entirely scarlet, the centre 
feathers black on the inner web, the others black at immediate base, 
slightly increasing in extent towards the centre of the tail, this 
black base almost imperceptible on the outer feathers; wings black, 
the inner greater coverts scarlet at tip, merged in the scarlet band 
which occupies the basal half of all but the four outer primaries, 
the four innermost secondaries with a large spot of scarlet towards 
the tip of the outer web; sides of face and throat blue-black like 
the head, the rest of the under surface of the body bright scarlet, 
including the under wing-coverts, the greater series being black with 
scarlet tips; thighs blackish. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0'6, 
wing 3-2, tail 2*95, tarsus 0-65. 

Adult female. Above very dark grey, with a certain bluish gloss, 
the rump and upper tail-coverts olive-yellow ; wings and tail as in 
the male, but yellow where they are scarlet in the latter, the tail 
showing a greater amount of black at the base of the feathers, and 
the yellow streak along the primaries situated further up the quills 

8. PERICKOOOTUS. 
75 

than it is on the secondaries, and consequently showing a broader 
black base; forehead, feathers round the eye, and fore part of the 
face bright yellow, the lores and hinder part of the ear-coverts grey; 
rest of under surface bright yellow, thighs greyish. Total length 6-6 
inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3*1, tail 3, tarsus 0-6. 

Hob. Malayan peninsula; Sumatra; Borneo. 

a. $ ad. sk. Singapore. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
b. <$jC,d. $ ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier. 
«, / . S ? ad., g. juv. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
h. § ad. sk. Tagora, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [C.J. 
6. Pericrocofrus flammeus. 
Muscicapa flammea, Forster, Indische Zool. p. 25; Gm. 8. N. i. 
p. 942 ; Temm. PI Col. 263; Vieill N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 483. 
Flammeous Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 338. 
Pericrocotus flammeus, F. Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 321; Gray, Gen. B. i. 
p. 282; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 309 ; id. Cat. B. Mm. A.S.B. p. 192; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 357; Horsf. # Moore, Cat B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. 
p. 142 ; Gould, B. Asia, pt. ix.; Jerd. B. India, i. p. 420 ; Gray, 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 334; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 438; Hume, Nests 
and Fggs Ind. B. p. 182 ; Sharpe, Stray F. 1876, p. 208; Hume, 
Str.F. 1877, p. 197. 
Phcenicornis flammeus, Swains. Zool. III. 2nd ser. pi. 52; Jerd. III. 

Orn. pi, 11; id. Madr. Journ. x. p. 244. 
Acis flammea, Lesson, Traits, p. 388. 
Muscipeta flammea, Syhes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black; lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts fiery orange-red; tail-feathers black, 
orange-red at tip, this colour increasing in extent towards the outermost, 
the centre feathers entirely black, rayed under certain lights; 
wing-coverts glossy black, the edge of the wing orange, the greater 
coverts broadly tipped with orange-red; quills black, with a broad 
band of orange-red near the base, separated by the blackish shafts; 
three inner secondaries with a spot of orange near the tip of the 
outer web ; sides of the face and throat glossy black like the head ; 
rest of under surface bright orange-red, with yellow bases to the 
feathers, the under wing-coverts bright yellow; thighs blackish; 
bill black; legs brownish black; iris dark brown. Total length 7*5 
inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*5, tail 3-75, tarsus 0*6. 

Female. Head, neck, back, and wing-coverts ashy, forehead narrowly 
tinged with yellow; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
greenish yellow; quills and tail dusky black, the former with a 
yellow wing-spot, and the latter with the lateral tail-feathers 
yellow. 

Hah. Hills of Southern India; Ceylon. 

a. S ad. sk. Travancore. Capt. Biddulph [C.]. 
b. S ad. sk. Madras. 
c. $j> ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk. 
Ceylon. 
Ceylon. 
E. L. Layard, Esq. [0.1 
B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 
<*2 

CAMPOPHAGHD.^. 

7. Pericrocotus exsul. 
Pericrocotus flammeus, Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 354. 
Pericrocotus exul, Wall P.'Z. 8. 1803, p. 492; Gray, Rand-l B. \. 


p. 335 j Sharpe, 8tr, F. 1870, p. 209. 
Adult male (type of species). Above black, with a slight greenish 
gloss, the sides of the face and throat uniform with the back; the 
rest of the under surface of the body bright orange, including the 
under wing-coverts, the innermost of the latter black; thighs blackish, 
with orange tips• lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bright 
orange, with a very rich tint on the upper taiL-coverts ; two centre 
tail-feathers entirely black, tbe rest bright orange with black bases, 
the latter extending diagonally across the feathers and becoming 
less towards the outer feathers; wings black, the edge orange like 
the under wing-coverts, the greater series tipped with orange and 
merging in the bases of the quills, which are bright orange, forming 
a subbasal band which crosses all but the four outer primaries, the 
second, third, and fourth being orange near the base of the inner 
web only; three of the inner secondaries with orange spots near the 
tips of the outer web; bill and feet black. Total length 7*3 inches 
culmen 0*6, wing 3-3, tail 3*45, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Above grey, shaded with olive, darker on the crown 
of the head, the forehead yellowish; lower back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts greenish yellow; wings and tail much as in adult, but 
the markings yellow instead of orange, all the quills terminally 
edged with yellow, broader on the inner secondaries : entire under 
surface of body bright golden yellow. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 
0*65, wing 3*15, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*6. 

Obs. The male collected by Mr. "Wallace in Java is much richer 
in colour than typical P. exsul, and is, to a certain extent, intermediate 
between it and P. ooanthogaster. 
Hah. Lombock; East Java. 

a, b. tf ad sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
c. $ ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. ]C.". 
d. c? ad. sk. E. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 

8. Pericrocotus pea?egrimis. 
Paras peregrinus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 342 j 8parrm. Mus. Carls, pis. 48, 

49 * 8undev. Crit. om 8parrm. p. 9. 
Muscicapa flammea (pt.), Forster, Indische Zool. pi. 15. fig. 2. 
Melange de la cote de Malabar, 8onn. Voy. Inde} ii. p. 204, t. 114. 

fig. 2. 
Malabar Titmouse, Lath. Gen. 8yn. ii. pt. 2, p. 5-55 {ex 8on?i.). 
Parus malabaricus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 1012 (ex Lath.). 
Muscicapa malabarica, Gm. 8. jtf, i. p. 1015 (ex Sparrm.). 
L'Oranor, Levaill. Ois. cTA.fr. pi. 155. figs. 1, 2 • 8undev. Crit. om 

Levaill. p. 42. 
^Muscicapa subflava, Vieill. N. Diet xxi. p. 483. 
Phoenicornis peregrina, H. Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 725: F. Boie, 1828, 

p. 320* Goidd, Cent. Himal. B. pi. 9; Jerk. Madr. Joum, x. p. 244. 
Muscipeta peregrina, 8ykes, P, Z. 8. 1832, p 85, 
8. PJBKICEOCOIUS. 
77 

Muscicapa peregrinus, Tickell, J. A. S, B. ii. p. 574. 

Pericrocotxis peregrinus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. 

xv. p. 310; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 193; Bp. Camp. i. p. 356; 
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. EJ. Co. I p. 140; Gould, B. Asia, 
pi ix.; Jerd. B. 2nd. i. p. 423; Gray, Ifmd-l. B. I p. 335; Holdaio. 
P. Z. & 1872, p. 438; Hume, Sir. F. 1873, p. 177, 1874, p. 200, 
1875, p. 96; id. Nests $c. Ind. B. p. 184; Salvad. Ucc. Born. 
p. 145; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 209 ; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 179; 
Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 315; Hume 8p Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 212. 
Pericrocotus nialabaricus, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 182. 

Adult male. Upper surface of body ashy grey, the rump bright 

vermilion, as well as the upper tail-coverts; tail black, the four 

outer feathers orange towards the tip, decreasing in size towards 

the inner feathers; wing-coverts black, edged with dull grey, the 

greater series with a tiny orange tip; quills black, inclining to grey 

towards the tips, the bases to the inner primaries conspicuously 

orange-red, forming an alar speculum, two of these feathers with 

an additional streak of orange along the outer web ; a very narrow 

frontal line, lores, sides of face, and throat ashy black; the breast 

vermilion, washed with orange and shading off paler on the flanks, 

the centre of the abdomen whitish, the under tail-coverts with a 

yellowish tinge; under wing-coverts and edge of the wing yellow, 

some of the greater coverts with ashy black bases; thighs ashy 

black; bill and legs black; iris brown. Total length 6 inches, cul


men 0*45, wing 2*55, tail 2*9, tarsus 0-65. 

Adult female. Unlike the male: light grey above, the scapulars 
and wing-coverts uniform with the hack; throat white, the rest of 
the under surface yellowish, deepening on the flanks and much 
brighter on the under wing-coverts; quills lighter and more brown 
than in the male, the primaries with narrow whitish edgings, the 
yellow wing-spot as in the male; rump vermilion; tail as in the 
male. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*75, tail 3*1, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Obs. The examples from Southern India have blacker throats than 
those from Nepal, but specimens from the Central Provinces seem 
to be intermediate. The Javan birds have grey throats, but the 
Ceylonese specimens have this part black. Mr. Hume's remarks, 
where he proposes to separate the northern birds as P. peregrinus 
(L.) and the southern ones as P. malabaricus (Gm.), are to be consulted 
(Str. F. 1877, p. 182). 

Hab. India and Ceylon, Burmese countries, Cochin China,, Anr 
daman Islands, Java. 

a. P. peregrinus, L. 
a,b. <$ $ ad. sk. N,W. Himalayas. Gapt Stackhouse Pinwill 
c 2 ad. sk. Lower Hills, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 

d. $ ad. sk. Thayetmyo, Pegu. W.T.Blanfoid,Esq.[P.j. 
c 6,f-h- $ ad. sk. Saigon,OochinChina. M. E. Pierre [P.]. 
i. <J ad., k. tS juv. sk. W. Java, A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 
I Pull. sk. Java. Purchased. 
?n, n. 8 ad. sk. West Java (K G, F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.]. 
[Bzixton). 

78 

( A&UHil'UACUDiM. 

b. I\ malaktrimH. 
o. Var. NII. S. India. Major Elliot (111 
p. d ad. HU Madras. 1tev. H, IL Babw [1\1. 
#,r. cT *»1. «k. Madras Itov. II. H. Baber [i\J. 
*-». tj ad. sk. Kamptw, 0. P. Dr. B. Jlinde [P.], 
?*yr. <J ad. sk. Oylon. K. L. Layard, Esq. [0.]. 
9. Pericrocotus igneus. 
Perieroeotus igneiLs, Btyth, J. A. 8, B. \v. p. 309; id. Cat. B. Mm, 
A. K 1$. p. 193; Bp. Comp. L p. 350; 7>;v. Ifry. f£ A/w/. efc Zoo/. 
1H(»7, p. KM); d'ray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 335; tiwinh. 1\ Z. $. 1871, 
p. 379; AVrw/. fVc. /torw. p. 144; Xkarpe, tin: F. 187(5, p. 209; 
«r/. 7>. Zm«. tioe. new ser. i. p. 324; Hume, Sir. F. 1877, p. 190; 
id. iV Davison, Mr. -P. 1878, p. 211. 
Perieroeotus minutus, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 94, pi. 31. 
Perieroeotus flagrans, Bp, Comp, i. p. 357 (ex Boie, 318.) ; Gray, 
ITand-L B. I p. 335. 

Adult male. Glossy blue-black, including the entire head and 
throat; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts fiery vermilion; 
two centre i ail-feathers black, the next pair black, excepting an 
orange-red mark at the tip extending further up the outer web; all 
the other tail-feathers orange-red excepting the base of the inner 
web, which extends further and further on the feathers as they 
approach the centre of the tail; wings blue-black like the back, the 
greater serios tipped with vermilion, and becoming merged in the 
broad vermilion subbasal band which traverses the wing, becoming 
less on the third primary, and disappearing on the first and second ; 
under surface of body rich vermilion, the under wing-eoverts yellow, 

with hero and there a slight wash of vermilion; thighs blackish ; 
bill and feet black. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3, 
tail 3, tarsus 0*05. 

Adult female. General colour above dull ashy grey, the lower 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts fine vermilion; four median tail-
feathers black, the remainder vermilion with black bases, gradually 
increasing in extent towards the inner ones; quills black, with a 
broad bar of orange near the base of the quills, extending along the 
outer wfeb of some of the inner primaries ; ear-coverts grey; lores, 
feathers round the eye, cheeks, and under surface of body bright 
yellow, inclining to orange on the flanks and under tail-coverts; 
thighs blackish ; under wing-coverts and edge of wing yellow. 
Total length 5*5 inches, culmon 0'5, wing 2-75, tail 2-75, tarsus 0-6. 

Hub. South of the Tenasserim provinces and Malacca, ranging 
northwards into Western China; Borneo; Palawan. 

a. $ ad. sk. Singapore. A. l i "Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 
b. $ ad. 8k. Malacca. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
c. c? ad. fek. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier. 
d,e. $ ad. sk. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [0.1. 
ff g. (S ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [0.1. 
h. 5 ad., *. juv. sk. N.W. Borneo. Efagh Low, Esq. [OX 
k. H1 ad. ik. Kuching, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [0.], 
/. $ ad., »i. ju'v. sk Palawan. Prof. J. B. Steere [O.J. 

8. PERICROCOTUS. 
79 

10. Pericrocotus brevirostris. 
Museipeta brevirostris, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 43. 
Phoenicornis brevirostris, Gould. Cent. Ilimal. B. pi. 8 ; Jerd, Madr. 
Journ. x. p. 243. 
Phoenicornis affinis <?, M'Clettand, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156. 
Pericrocotus brevirostris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282; Blyth, J. A. S. B. 

xi. p. 192, xv. p. 809; «2. Cat, B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 193; Bp.Cmsp. 
i. p. 357; Horsf. # Moore, Cat. B. Mus. B. I. Co. i. p. 141; Jerd. 
B. Ind. i. p. 421 j Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 334; Swinh. P. Z. S. 
1871, p. 379; Benders. # Hume, Lahore to Yarh. p. 184; Hume, 
Nests #c. Ind. B. p. 183; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 209; Mume, 
Str. F. 1877, p. 187; id. fy Davison, 8 F. 1878, p. 273. 
Pericrocotus affinis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282. 
Adult male. Above glossy blue-black, the back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts deep crimson; tail crimson, the bases of the feathers 
black, decreasing in extent towards the outermost, the two centre 
feathers entirely black, the next two black, the outer web crimson; 
wing-coverts glossy black, the greater coverts crimson, with black 
at the base and on the inner web of the inteiior ones ; quills black, 
the primaries edged with white near the tips, the basal half of all 
the quills excepting the three long outer primaries (where it is represented 
by a spot on the inner web) crimson, the innermost secondary 
entirely black, the next two crimson for half their length and on 
outer web, leaving only a black patch towards tip of inner web ; 
secondaries also tipped with whitish; sides of face and throat black, 
not so glossy as the head; rest of under surface crimson, including 
the under wing-coverts, the greater series of which are ashy black; 
thighs blackish; bill and legs black; irides dark brown. Total 
length 7*5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3*45, tail 4, tarsus 0*55. 
Adult female. Above ashy grey, clearer on the head, the back 
slightly washed with olive; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
yellow; tail yellow, the basal half black, this black colour gradually 
encroaching towards the middle of the tail, the centre feathers 
being black, with a narrow outer border of yellow; wings glossy 
black, the small coverts greyer and washed with olive ; the greater 
coverts tipped with yellow, and all the quills, except the inner secondaries, 
with a broad bar of the same colour near the base; forehead 
and lores yellowish white; chin, cheeks, and feathers below 
the eye whitish; cheeks and under surface of body yellow, washed 
with orange on the breast; under wing-coverts yellow. Total length 
7*5 inches, wing 345, tail 4, tarsus 0-55. 
Young males appear to resemble the old female, but are yellower 
on the forehead and side face. 
Hah. Himalaya mountains, from Eastern Cashmere to Bhotan, 
coming in the cold season into the lower valleys and throughout the 
submontane tracts, the plains of the N.W. Provinces, &c.; eastwards 
from Shillong, Cachar, Sylhet, Tipperah, Chittagong, Aracan, &c. 
(Hume); Upper Burmah. 

CAMPOPHAGIDJE. 

a,b. d, c. J ad. sk. Cashmere. E. M. Langworthy, Esq. 
[P.]. 

«*>«• tit/iff* 2ad.sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin-

will [P.]. 

h. PulLsk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. 
i. cJ imm. sk. Nepal. B.H. Hodgson, Esq. | P." 
A;, Z. c? ad. st Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. 
m-o. <$, p. % ad. sk. Nepal. B.H.Hodgson,Esq. [P. 
q. $ 
ad. sk. Eight bank of Tapen^ Dr. J. Anderson [0.]. 
river, Feb. 5,1875. 
11. Pericrocotus neglectus. 
Pericrocotus neglectus, Hume, Sir. F. 1877, p. 189,- id. fy Davison, 
8. F. 1878, p. 211. 
" Clearly a miniature of P. brevirostris, and like it has the first 
four primaries in both sexes plain on the outer webs. The total 
length varies from Q'5 to 6-8 ; the tail from 3*0 to 3*25 ; the wings 
varied—males 3*25, 3*3; females 3-2, 3*37, 3*32. Seeing, however, 
that the eastern form of P. brevlrostris is smaller than the 
western, I should not have separated these birds, though smaller 
than the smallest Sikhim and Shillong specimens, merely on account 
of difference of size. Nor would the proportionally much larger 
bill have satisfied me of their distinctness, nor even the fact that in 
both my males the black of the throat appears to descend further 
on the breast than in any one of forty-six males of P. brevlrostris, 
as this might be due to some stretching of the skin in preparing it; 
but when with these differences is coupled a female of a wholly 
different type, with the upper surface of a much darker grey, and 
with the chin, throat, and entire lower surface of the rich bright 
hue of adult female P. speciosus, a hue not approached, as regards 
chin and throat at any rate, by any one of the twenty-seven female 

P. brevlrostris now before me, I could not avoid recognizing what is 
clearly a distinct species." 
{Hume,) 
Bab. Central Tenasserim hills. 

12. Pericrocotus miniatus. 
Muscicapa miniata, Temm. PL Col. 156. 
Pericrocotus miniatus, F. Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 972; Gray, Gen. P. L 

p. 282 j Pp. Consp. i. p. 357; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 60; Gray, 
Hand-l. P. i. p. 336; Sharpe. Sbr. F. 1876, p. 210: Hume. Str, F. 
1877, JJ.192. 
Acis miniata, Lesson, Traits, p. 388. 

Phcenicornis miniata, Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. text to pi. xi. 

Adult male. Black, with a slight blue gloss, the sides of the face 
and throat also black; rest of under surface of body scarlet vermilion, 
the thighs blackish, with pale rosy tips; the under wing-coverts 
rather paler vermilion than the breast, the lower series ashy black; 
wings black, the greater coverts entirely vermilion, except the innermost, 
which are black with red edgings; quills with a very broad 
vermilion band, increasing in extent along the primaries, this colour 
absent on the outer web of the first to the fourth of these quills and 

8. PERICROCOTUS. 
81 

confined to the inner web only ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts scarlet-vermilion; two centre tail-feathers black, slightly 
edged and spotted at the tip with vermilion, the rest vermilion, with 
black bases, increasing in extent on the inner web towards tho 
middle of the tail; bill and feet black. Total length 7*5 inches, 
culmen 0*5, wing 3*35, tail 3*85, tarsus 0*55. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, and having a black head; the 
back and least wing-coverts blackish, with dull crimson edgings to 
the feathers; greater coverts black, broadly tipped with vermilion ; 
wings and tail otherwise as in the male; forehead, eyebrow, sides 
of face and entire under surface of body rosy vermilion; thigh-
feathers blackish, with pale rosy tips. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 
0*5, wing 3*2, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*55. 

Ohs. P. miniatus is extremely close to P. brevirostris, but may be 
told by the rosy colour on the thighs near the tarsal joint, and by 
the vermilion colour of the greater wing-coverts; in P. brevlrostns 
these are black with crimson tips. The females are quite different. 

Hob. Western Java. 

a. $ ad. sk. Java. Purchased. 
b, c. $ $ ad. sk. W. Java. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
13. Pericrocotus roseus. 
Muscicapa rosea, VieilL N. Diet. d'Hist. JSrat. xxi. p. 486. 
Phoenicornis affinis, WClell P. Z. S. 1839, p. 157 ($). 
Pericrocotus roseus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282 * Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. 


p. 310 • id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 193 • Bp. Consp. i. p. 356 • 
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. & I. Co. i. p. 141; Goidd, B. Asia, 
part IX. ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 422; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 335 j Hume, 
Kests fyc. Ind. B. p. 184; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 210; Mime, 
Str. F 1877, p. 184; id. $ Damson, S. F. 1878, p; 212. 
Phoenicornis roseus, Jerd. III. lid. Orn. text to pi. xi. 
Adidt male. General colour above ashy brown, rather greyer on 
the head, and inclining to pale rosy on the lower back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts, the latter with bright rose-coloured tips ; tail-
feathers pale vermilion, with black bases, extending gradually more 
and more towards the centre of the tail, the two middle feathers 
blackish, the next two blackish, with vermilion running along the 
outer web ; wings blackish, the scapulars and wing-coverts greyish, 
the greater coverts tipped with vermilion and merging in the bright 
vermilion basal bands on the quills, which traverse the wing obliquely, 
extending further up the primaries than on the secondaries, 
the innermost of which have rose-coloured spots near the tips of 
their outer -webs; a narrow frontal line, plumes round the eye, and 
cheeks whitish; under surface of body pale rosy, much deeper on 
the under wing-coverts, the chin and centre of abdomen wrhitish; 
thighs dusky at base, white at tip; "bill dusky; legs brown; iris 
brown " (Jerdon). Total length 6*7 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*4, 
tail 3*6, tarsus 0*6. 
Adult female. General colour above pale ashy brown, slightly inclining 
to olive on the lower back and rump ; wings and tail much 


CAMP0PHAG1DJS. 

as in the male, but yellow where the latter is vermilion, the 
inner secondaries light brown with broad whitish edgings; a 
narrow frontal line running above the eye white; lores ashy 
brown; rest of the sides of the face whitish, inclining to ashy 
brown on the upper margin of the ear-coverts ; rest of under surface 
buffy white, inclining to yellowish buff on the breast, deeper on the 
flanks and under wing-coverts. Total length 7*5 inches, wing 3*5, 
tail 3*5, tarsus 0*35. 

Hah. Himalaya mountains; Burmese countries. 

a. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. J. 
c. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.]. 
d. e. 2 a<!' s^« Tenasserim. J. 0. D. Packman, Esq. [P. j. 
/ . <$ ad sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, Esq. [C.]. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 

14. Pericrocotus Solaris. 
Pericrocotus Solaris, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 310; id. Cat B. Mus. 
A. 8. B. p. 193; Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 13; Gould, B. Ada, 
part i.; Bp. Consp, i. p. 356; Horsf.tyMoore, Cat. B. Mm. F.I. 
Co. i. p. 893 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 422; Gray, BTand-l. B. i. p. 335; 
Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 210; JSume, Str. F. 1877, p. 188; id. & 
Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 212. 
Adult male. General colour above leaden black, the lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts scarlet; cheeks and sides of face ashy 
grey; the chin light grey, the rest of the throat orange; remainder 
of the under surface orange-scarlet, the thigh-feathers greyish black; 
under wing-coverts orange, rather inclining to scarlet near the edge 
of the wing; wing-coverts above blackish, with a small spot of orange 
near the tip of the outer primary-coverts ; the greater series black, 
tipped with scarlet and merging in the vermilion band which traverses 
the bases of the quills, running for some distance up the outer web of 
the primaries, the first three of which have no orange on the outer 
web ; centre tail-feathers black, edged with vermilion near the tip 
of the outer web, the rest vermilion with black bases, increasing 
gradually on the inner web towards the centre of the tail; bill 
black; legs brownish black; iri3 brown. Total length 7 inches, 
culmen 0*55, wing 3*4, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Dark grey above, the lower back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts greenish yellow; wing-coverts blackish, with greenish-
yellow margins, the greater series with narrow tips of yellow; quills 
as in the male, but the basal band yellow instead of vermilion, the 
primaries also edged with whitish towards the tip; tail as in the 
male, but yellow instead of vermilion; sides of face light grey; 
throat greyish white, shading into yellow on the breast, all the rest 
of the under surface being bright yellow; thighs brown externally, 
yellow internally. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-35, 
tail 4, tarsus 0*55. 

Hab. Sikhim and Nepal, Khasia hills, hills of Tenasserim. 

8 . PEJRICKOCOTTJS. 
83 

*• <S ad. sk. Nepal, B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
b, c. <5 ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. IT. 
d-h. J ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.' 

15, Pericrocotus griseigularis. 

Pencrocotus griseigularis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 282; id. B. Asia, 
part xvi.; Swinh. Ibis, 1863, p. 263, et 1866, p. 399; Gray, Hand-l. 
B. i. p. 335 j Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 379; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, 

Adult male. Above ashy Hack, with a slight gloss; the forehead, 
sides of the face, and sides of neck ashy grey ; lower back, rump, 
and upper tail-coverts fiery vermilion ; tail-feathers also vermilion, 
with oblique black bases increasing in extent towards the centre of 
the tail, the two median feathers of which are black, as also the next 
two, but these have vermilion on the outer webs and at the tips; 
wings black, the greater scries tipped with vermilion and merging 
in the band of the same colour which crosses the basal part of the 
secondaries and extends for some distance up the outer web of the 
inner primaries; throat greyish white, with a slight yellowish tinge; 
rest of the under surface scarlet, inclining to yellow when the plumes 
are disturbed; thighs ashy black; under wing-coverts orange washed 
with vermilion, the inner ones blackish with orange tips. Total 
length 6*7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3*2-5, tail 3*7, tarsus 0-6. 

Adult female. Above grey, the sides of face and of the neck much 
lighter, the lower back tinged with olive and shading off into the 
yellow of the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings and 
tail as in the male, but yellow where he is red; throat white, 
slightly washed yellowish; rest of under surface bright yellow, 
the thighs greyish. Total length 7*3 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3*4, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Hab. Formosa. 
a, b. $ 2 ad. sk. N. Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [0.]. 

16. Pericrocotus cinereus*. 
Pericrocotus cinereus, Lafresn. Rev. Zool. viii. p. 94; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 357; Schrench, JReis. Amurl. p. 381; Badde, Meis. Sibir. ii. p. 
273; Gould, B. Asia, pt. ix.; Gray, Rand4. B. i. p. 335, no. 5050; 
Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 378 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 116; Dybowsh. 
J. f. 0. 1875, p. 249; Tacz. Bull. Zool. Soc. France, i. p. 165; 
Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 211; Hume, Str. F. 1877, pp. 174,175; 
Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 19; David ty Oustal Ois. Chine, p. 137; 
Hume 8r Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 212. 
Pericrocotus modestus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1846, p. 102 ; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 357 (ex Boie, MS. in Mus. Lugd.) ; Gray, Hand-l B. I p. 335, 
no. 5053. 
Ceblepyris luetuosus, De Filippi, Mus. Mediol. p. 31; Salvad. Atti 

B. Accad. Torin. 1868, p. 271. 
* PERICROCOTUS IMMODESTUS. 
Pericrocotus immodestus, Hume, Sir. Feathers, 1877, p. 17(5. 
Hab. Tenasserim. 
A species briefly described by Mr. Hume as being near P. cantonensu. 


CAMPOPHAGID-ffl. 

Adult male. General colour above grey, the forehead whitish as 

also the sides of the face, the ear-coverts washed with grey on the 

upper margin ; entire under surface of body dull white, the sides of 

the body grey, as also the thighs, which have whitish edgings; 

wing-coverts blackish, washed with grey, the greater white at tip 

with a subterminal black bar; quills blackish externally, shaded 

with grey, especially the secondaries, which have broad white 

edgings preceded by a black subterminal bar, all the quills with a 

white subbasal bar of white extending obliquely across the wing, 

and larger on the inner than on the outer web ; tail black, washed 

with grey, all the feathers with oblique white tips, excepting on the 

four centre ones. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*7, 

tail 3*65, tarsus 0*55. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being entirely grey above, 

without any black on the head and nape, only the base of the fore


head whitish. Total length 7*4 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*75, 

tail 3*7, tarsus 0*55. 

Hah. South Amoorland and the mouths of the Ussuri river, 

through China to the Malayan peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. 

a. Ad. sk. China [?]. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. $ 
ad. sk. Amoy, China, Oct. 4, It. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 
1859. 
c. d. <J 2 ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Stackhouse Pin will, 
sk Nw

e>f- [S] ad---- Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C] 

9i h-idjj i' $ ad.sk. Labuan. Governor Ussher [0.1. 

k. <5 ad. sk. 
Bintulu, W. Borneo. Alfred Everett, Esq. [O.]. 
17. Pericrocotus cantonensis. 
Pericrocotus cantonensis, JShmnh.Ibis, 1861, p. 42, 1865, p. 107, 1870, 
p. 244; id. F.Z.S. 1863, n. 284, 1871, p. 378; Gray, lland-l. 
B. i. p. 335; Gould, B. Asia, part xxvi.; Sharpa, Str. F. 1876, 
p. 211; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 177; David <$-Omtalet, Ois. Chine, 
p. 107. 
Pericrocotus sordidus, Sioinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 378; Gray, Hand-1. 
B. i. p. 335. 
Adult female (Canton, 1860, li. Swhihoe; type of species). 
General colour above grey, the head like the back; fore part of 
crown white, the vertex somewhat obscured by brown edges to the 
feathers ; scapulars shaded with ashy brown ; rump and upper tail-
coverts ashy or rather clay-brown, contrasting with the back ; wing-
coverts dark brown, edged with lighter brown ; primary-coverts uniform 
dark brown; quills dark brown, the innermost secondaries with 
paler ashy brown margins tinged with yellow near the tip; primaries 
with an oblique mark of yellow, very broad on the inner web and 
narrow on the outer one, the secondaries yellow at the base, forming 
a conspicuous alar speculum; tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with 
yellow or yellowish white on all but the two centre feathers, these 
yellow tips becoming much broader on the outer tail-feathers; in 
front of the eye a three-cornered spot of black; round the eye a 

8 . PERICROCOTXJS. 
narrow ring of whitish feathers; sides of face white, extending onto 
the sides of the neck so far as almost to form a half-collar; ear-
coverts light grey on the upper margin• throat white ; rest of under 
surface light ashy brown, whiter on the centre of the breast and 
abdomen as well as the under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts light 
yellow as also the axillaries, some of the latter white, washed with 
yellow; quills dark brown below, with yellow bases to the feathers. 
Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*4, tail 3-65, tarsus 
0*55. (Mus. H. Seebohm.) 

Adult male (Fungtoo, Szechnen, May 5, 1869 • B. Swinhoe). 
Similar to the female but darker grey, especially on the hinder 
crown and ear-coverts; tail-feathers tipped with white; alar speculum 
brown instead of yellow, the bases to the secondaries and the 
markings across the primaries being brown, pale and indistinct. 
Total length 6'2 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*45, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*6. 
(Mus. H. Seebohm.) 

Hab, China. 

18. Pericrocotus erythropygins, 
Phoenicornis erythropygia, Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. text to pi. xi. 
Pericrocotus erythropygius, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282; Blyth, J. A. S. 

B. xv. p. 310; Stnckl. Contr. Orn. 1848, p. 23, pi. 3; Blyth, Cat 
B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 193; Bp. Consp. i. p. 356; Gould, B. Asia, 
part i.; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 424 * Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 335; Adam, 
Sir. F 1876, p. 375 * Sharpe, Str. F 1876, p. 211 • Hume, Sir. F. 
1877, p. 177. 
Adult male. Above glossy blue-black, the rump deep orange; 
upper tail-coverts black; four centre tail-feathers black, the rest 
black at base, white at tip, this increasing gradually towards the 
outer feathers and occupying half of the latter; wing coverts glossy 
black, the greater series pure white; quills black, browner at tip, 
the primaries externally edged with whity brown, the inner secondaries 
externally edged with white, increasing on some more than 
others, one of them white except for a black shaft-line, these white 
plumes forming with the greater coverts a longitudinal bar down 
the wing ; sides of face and throat black, not so glossy as the head; 
breast pale rosy vermilion, the rest of the under surface pure white; 
thighs black; under wing-coverts white, the greater ones with black 
bases • bill and legs black; iris brownish yellow. Total length 6 
inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*65, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*5. 

Adult female. The parts that are black in the male are smoky 
ash-colour (except the tail, which is deep black); the forehead 
whitish; rump and under surface white, tinged with ashy on the 
breast. (Jerdon.) 

Hab. The moderately dry, fairly cultivated plains of Northern 
and Central India (Hume). 

India. Purchased. 

a. c? ad. sk. 
8 6 CAMPOPHAGHDiE. 

19. Pericrocotus albifrons. 
Pericrocotus albifrons, Jerdon, Ibis, 1862, p. 96; Gray, Hand~l. B. i. 
p. 335: Blanford, Ibis, 1872, p. 468; Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 96; 
Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 212; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 178; id. 8r 
Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 212. 
Adult male. Above glossy blue-black, the rump orange-vermilion 

where the white bases do not show through; upper tail-feathers 

again blue-black; tail black, the outer webs of the middle feathers 

edged with white, all the other feathers tipped with white, increasing 

in extent towards the outer feathers, the white predominating on 

the outer ones; wings black, the edge of the wing white, the outer


most of the primary-coverts also edged with white; greater coverts 

black, edged with white, the centre ones entirely white; quills 

blackish, more ashy brown at tip, the innermost secondaries white 

all round, with an irregular blackish centre; forehead, a broad eye


brow, and sides of the face and neck pure white; through the eye 

to the ear-coverts a line of bluish-black feathers; entire under surface 

of body pure white, the chest pale orange-vermilion, thighs blackish 

externally; under wing-coverts white; bill and legs black, claws 

dark horny ; eyelids grey; iris dark brown. Total length 6 inches, 

culmen 0*45, wing 2-55, tail 2-25, tarsus 0*55. 

Adult female. Above ashy brown; the forehead, cheeks, and 

underparts white; wing as in the male, but brown instead of black ; 

middle tail-feathers blackish, the rest terminally white, this increasing 

in extent towards the outer feathers; rump white with a slight tinge 

of vermilion here and there. Total length 6 inches, wing 2-6, tail 

3-3, tarsus 0-6. 

Hab. Independent Burmah and Upper Pegu. 

a,b. S ? ad. sk. Upper Burmah. Dr. Jerdon [P.]. 
(Types of species.) 


9. LALAGE* Type 
Lalage, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 L. terat. 
Erucivora, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Amer. Birds, p. 453 
(1831) , L. terat. 


* Boie, in naming this genus in 1826, gave no description, but indicated the 
type as lurdus orientals, G-m., which has been recognized as such by all subsequent 
ornithologists. In 1858 (that is to say, thirty-two years later) he states 
(J. f. O. 1858, p. 359) that this is all a mistake, and that he meant Tardus 
mindanensis to be the type o£ Lalage, having confounded the two species together. 
Boie must be held to his original type, as the name of Lalage is in common use 
everywhere, and its being transferred to Copsyohus would lead to irretrievable 
confusion: no one but the proposer is answerable for the original blunder, 
which could not be suspected by any subsequent writers. 
The following species have been placed in the genus Lalage:— 

1. LALAGE UROFYGIALIS, Bf. C. B. xxxviii. p. 541. 
"Major; superciliis nullis; subtus et late in uropygio albo-imfa.'' 
Hab. . 
Perhaps Symmorpfms leucopygius. 

9. LALAGE. 87 
Oxynotus, Swains, torn. tit. p. 483 (1831)
Acanthinotus, Swains, torn. tit. p. 483 (1831)
Schetba, Lesson, T)-aite< p. 374 (1831) 
L. rufiventer. 
L. rufiventer. 
L. rufiventer. 

Pseudolalage, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxx. p. 97 (1862) . L. melanoleuca. 

Leg of Lalage pacifica. 

From the islands of Mauritius and Reunion, through, the peninsula 
of India and Ceylon, to the Malayan peninsula and entire Malayan 
archipelago ; throughout the Moluccas, Australia, and Oceania. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

a. 
Under tail-coverts white. f 
a\ Throat slaty black \sy7cesi, p. 89. 
b'. Throat pure white, plain \melanothoraxy p. 91. 
a". Under surface pure white, without a v 
pectoral hand, 


a'". Upper surface particoloured, the rump 
lighter than the head j scapulars uniform 
with the back. 


a4. Back glossy greenish black. 
a5. With no white eyebrow. 
a6. With the rump grey. 


a7. Least and median wing-
coverts greenish black like 
the mantle melanoleuca, p. 91. 

b"1. Least and median wing-
coverts white, contrasting 
with the mantle tricolor, p. 92. 

6e 

. With the rump white; least 
wing-coverts greenish black 
like the back atrovirens, p. 93. 

bs. With a distinct eyebrow. 
c6. Eyebrow narrow; least wingeoverts 
white like the median 


2. LALAGE CHALCOCEPHALA (Temm.); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5112. 
Hab. Java. 
Not a Cuckoo-Shrike, but a Bulbul, as correctly determined by Temmmck. 
3. LALAGE LEUCOPH-EA. 
Sylvia leucophaea, Vieill. N. Diet. xi. p. 189. 
Described as grey above, and consequently not to be referred to L. terat or 

L. timoriensis, as has been done by some authors. 
4. LALAGE NYCTHEMERA (Temm.)-, Hartl. J.f. 0.1865, p. 165. 
The type is from Timor, in the Leiden Museum, and is Oreicola melanoleuca 
(V.) with the under mandible broken off. 

CAMP0PHAGID2E. 

series j only two outer tail-
feathers tipped with- white ..

da. Eyebrow broad; least wing-
coverts greenish black like the 
back; four outer tail-feathers 
tipped with white. 

c1. Smaller: rump light grey, the 
upper tail-coverts of the 
same colour ; upper surface 
glossy greenish black ... .

d7. Larger: rump darker grey; 
upper tail-coverts with a 
blackish subterminal bar; 
upper surface dull glossy 

black ,
&4. Back grey; rump and upper tail-
coverts greyish whiteb'". Upper surface uniform, the rump not 
lighter than the back. 

c4. So white eyebrow; sides of face 
and ear-coverts blue-black like the 
rest of the upper surface; tail 
scarcely tipped with white

dK A broad white eyebrow; sides of 
face and ear-coverts white; upper 
surface dull blackish, the scapulars 
spotted with white; tail-feathers 
broadly tipped with white

b". Under surface white, with remains of 
dusky bars on the breast. 

c'". Upper surface grey, the rump lighter; 
wing-coverts and quills edged with 
white

d'". Upper surface brown entirely; wing-
coverts and quills edged with light 
brown

c". Under surface white, with a pectoral 
band of purplish black; entire back 
purplish black; upper tail-coverts pure 
white

c'. Throat uniform white or greyish; upper 
surface uniform grey; abdomen and under 
tail-coverts white. 

d'\ Larger: throat white; wing-coverts 
edged with slaty grey

e". Smaller: throat grey; wing-coverts 
black, indistinctly margined with greenish 
black

(T. 
Throat white or greyish white, barred with 
grey like the rest of the ander surface. 
f". 
Back rusty brown, the rump uniform 
with the back; tail-feathers broadly 
tipped with white; no white edgings to 

timorienm, p. 94. 

terat, p. 95. 

pacified, p. 97. 
leucopygialis, p. 98. 

Jeucoptera, p. 99. 

whitmeei, 100. 

terat $, p. 96. 
tricolor $ , p. 92. 

banhsiana, p. 100, 

 ryfivenier $, p. 101. 
Twtvfoni <$, p. 102. 

the wing-coverts 
newtoni J , p, 102. 

(/". Back ashy grey, the rump lighter than the 
back, the feathers edged with hoary grey; 
tail very minutely tipped with white; 

9 . I,1LV<JK. 
Si) 
eyebrowhoarygrey; underwing-coverts 
white barred with* grey like the breast. sykosi $, p. 89. 

h". Back black, with a dull gloss; rump 
white, barred with blackish; outer tail-
feathers only tipped v> ith white; no eyebrow 
; under wing-coverts pure white . atrovirens $>, p. 94. 

b. Under tail-coverts white barred with grey like 
the rest of the under surface mlminata £, p. 104. 
c. Under tail-coverts dark slaty grey, uniform. 
e'. Wings black, contrasting with the grey back, 
the wing-coverts and quills not edged with , + 7 .., -iAo 
light grey,- quills not lighter-edged below \^f ™tc$ *> P" ^ 

/' . 
Wfcgs grey, the covertsband quills edged 1 «*»™*« * > P-104with 
the same grey as the back, inclining 
to hoary white on the greater coverts and 
quills; the quills below with a broad 
white edge or wing-lining monacJia c?, p. 105. 

d. 
Under tail-coverts buff or deep rufous. 
g'. Tips to outer tail-feathers white. 
i". under surface barred with dusky grey on [p. 100. 
a fulvous or greyish white-ground . . leucomelana 5 et juv., 
k". Under surface uniform. 
e'". Breast greyish wThite; vent and under [p. 100. 
tail-coverts fawn-rufous leucomelmia <$ ad., 
/'" . Entire under surface orange-chestnut 
except the chin, which is white like 
the sides of the face aurea, p. 108. 

A'. Tips to outer tail-feathers fulvous or reddish 
; upper surface brown. 


/". Under surface deep fulvous barred with 
dusky black; rump lighter than the 
back, and barred with black monacha J , p. lOo. 

m". Under surface uniform rufous; rump 
uniform rufous, contrasting with the 
brown back. 


g'". Chin and base of cheeks white; ear-
coverts dull brown streaked with fulvous; 
under the eye a white streak.. nifiventer § , p. 102. 

h'". 
Chin and base of cheeks rufous; ear-
coverts rufous-brown streaked with 
chestnut imperata, p. 103. 

1, Lalage sykesi. 

Ceblepyris canus, 8yke$, P. Z.8. 1832, p. 87 (nee Gm.). 
Ceblepyris fimbriatus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 242 (nee Temm.). 
Lalage sykesii, Striekl. Ann. N. B. xiii. p. 36; Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat 


B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 175. 
Campephaga sykesii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. 
p. M; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 191; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 368; 
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5106. 
Volvocivora sykesii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 356; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 414; 
Hartl. J. f. 0.1865, p. 162; Adam, Sir. F. 1873, p. 376; Ball, 8. F. 
1874, p. 291; Butler, t. c. p. 464,1876, p. 37,1877. p. 220; Blyth 
8f Wak B. Burm. p. 123; Fairbank, 8. F. 1876, p. 256,1877, p. 400. 

Erucivora sykesii, Pelz. Reis. Novara, Vog. p. 82. 
VOL. iv. H 


9 0 OAMPOPHAGIDJE. 

Adult male. General colour above light grey, some of the rump-
feathers and upper tail-coverts with hoary white margins ; head all 
round, nape, hind nock, sides of the latter, and fore neck glossy 
black; breast and sides of the body light grey ; entire abdomen and 
under tail-coverts pure white; thighs slate-colour; scapulars and 
least wing-coverts grey like the back; rest of the wing-coverts 
glossy black, margined with grey ; primary-coverts entirely black ; 
quills black, the primaries obsoletely edged with white, broader on 
the secondaries ; two centre tail-feathers grey, the rest black, tipped 
with white, the white tips becoming broader towards the outer 
leather; under wing-coverts white, the axillaries and small coverts 
near the lower bend of the wing shaded with grey; quills ashy 
blackish below, white for more than half of the inner web ; 4t bill 
and feet black; iris dark red-brown" (Jerdon). Total length 7*2 
inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*75, tail 3, tarsns 0*75. 

Adult female. General colour above grey, lighter on the lower 
back and rump, the upper tail-coverts with dusky cross bars ; wings 
browner than the back, the feathers washed with grey, the greater 
and median coverts and quills edged with white, the primary-coverts 
not margined; tail much as in the male, the outer feathers having 
the terminal spot mottled with brown cross markings ; under surface 
of body greyish white, narrowly barred with dusky blackish 
cross lines, disappearing towards the abdomen and under tail-
coverts, which are pure white; thighs dull white, barred with dusky ; 
lores greyish white; feathers in front of eye dusky; ear-coverts 
dull greyish white, with distinct white shaft-streaks and mottled 
with dusky cross bars ; cheeks barred like the under surface ; under 
wing-coverts resembling the breast, the cross lines on the greater 
series rather more zigzag and longitudinal. Total length 7*2 
inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*6, tail 3, tarsus 0*8. 

Head of Lalage syJeesi, to show extent of black on the throat. 
Hah. Indian peninsula and Ceylon. 

a. 5 ad. sk. India. W. Wilson Saunders, E 
b. d ad. sk. Madras.
[P.]. 
Rev. H. H. Baber rP.l. 
c. § ad. sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon [P.], 

9. LAXAGE.
d. S ad* sk. Travancore. Capt. Biddulph [C.J. 
e, f. J $ ad sk. Mysore. Capt.C.H.T. Marshall TP.]. 
a.' J ad. sk. Vingorla, Jan. 1869. Colonel Sturt [P.]. 
h. £ ad. sk. Mahabaleshwur Hills. Colonel Sturt [P.j. 
t,;\ 6 $ ad. sk. NewaraEliya, Ceylon. Mr. E. Boate [C.J. 
k. £ ad. sk. Ceylon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C. J 
/. 
{ ad., m. & juv. sk. Central Provinces, A. Whyte, Esq. [C.J. 
Ceylon. 

Subsp. a. Lalage melanothorax. 
Similar to L. si/kesl, but with a very much larger bill; the whole 
head and neck and the throat and chest glossy steel-black, extending 
much further down than in L. sylcesi. Total length 7*5 inches, 
culmen OS, wing 4*2, tail 3-2, tarsus 0*8. 

Head of Lai age melanothorax, to show extent of black on the throat. 

Hab. Madras. 

a. J ad. st, Madras. Rev. H. H. Baber [p.], 
2. Lalage melanoleuca. 
Pseudolalage melanoleuca, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxx. p. 97; Walden, 
Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 178, pi. 29. fig. 2; Sfoarpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new 
series, vol. i. p. 351. 

Pseudolalage melanictera, Sclater, Ibis, 1862, p. 78 (lapsu cal). 
Lalage melanoleuca, Hartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 163: Von Martens, 
V./. 0.1866, p. 12. 
Campephaga melanictera, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5129. 

Adult. General colour above glossy greenish black, including the 
scapulars and all the wing-coverts except the innermost of the 
median series, which are pure white, the innermost of the greater 

H2 

CAMPOPUAGIUJB. 

series white externally, greenish black on the inner web; quills 

greenish black, the secondaries externally white and forming a lon


gitudinal patch along with the white wing-coverts mentioned above; 

lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light grey, with whitish 

edgings to the feathers; tail-feathers greenish black, very narrowly 

tipped with white, the two external ones having a distinct spot of 

white at the tip; lores greenish black like the crown ; sides of face, 

sides of neck, and entire under surface of body pure white, including 

the under wing-coverts, axillaries, and the quill-lining along the 

basal half of the inner web. Total length 7*6 inches, culmen 0*75, 

wing 4-4, tail 3-2, tarsus 095. 

Hah. Philippine Islands. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [0.]. 
3. L&lage tricolor. 
Ceblepyris tricolor, Swains. Zool Journ. i. p. 467 ; Walden, TV. Z. S. 
ix. p. 177, note. 
Ceblepyris humeralis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 143. 
Campepliaga humeralis, Gould, B. Austr. fol. ii. p. 283; Gray, Gen, 
B. i. p. 283; Meiohenb. Fog. Neuholl. p. 231; Gould, Handb. B. 
Austr. i. p. 204; Qray, Mand-l B. i. p. 339, no. 5116. 
Lalage humeralis, Cab. Mus. Heiri. Th. i. p. 60 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 355; 

llartl. J. f. O, 1865, p. 355; SJiarpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 499 ; 

Ba?n$ay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 181. 

Erucivora humeralis, Teh. Beis. No vara, Vog. p. 82. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy greenish black ; least and 
median wing-coverts pure white, as also the greater coverts, the 
latter black on the inner webs, the whole farming a large shoulder-
patch ; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, the secondaries 
with white margins to the outer web ; lower back, ramp, and 
upper tail-coverts light grey, the latter with whitish tips; tail-
feathers black, the two outermost tipped with white; lores black 
like the crown; no white eyebrow; ear-coverts, cheeks, and under 
surface of body pure white, including the under wing-coverts, 
axillaries, and the base of the inner web of the quills; " bill and 
feet black; iris nearly black" (Gould). Total length 6*7 inches, 
culmen 0-6, wing 4-9, tail 3-9, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Brown above, the rump-feathers and upper tail-
coverts narrowly edged with buffy white; wing-coverts and secondaries 
broadly edged with sandy buff; tail brown, with narrow 
whitish tips to the feathers, the two outermost rather broadly tipped 
with dull white ; an indistinct rufescent line from the base of the 
bill above the eye, succeeded by a dusky brown streak through the 
eye ; ear-coverts dull brown, with white longitudinal centres to the 
feathers; cheeks and throat whitish; rest of under surface of body 
yellowish buff, with indications of obsolete dusky cross markings on 
the breast and sides of the body ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and 
quill-lining buffy white. 

Young male. Earthy brown, the sandy buff margins to the wing-
coverts and secondaries very broad; lower back and rump greyer 
than the rest of the back, with obsolete cross lines of dusky grey ; 

9. LALAGE. 
under surface of body buffy white, with cross markings of dusky 
brown on the breast and flanks. 

Nestling. General colour above earthy brown, all the feathers 
margined with whity brown, before which is a subtorminal line of 
blackish ; greater wing-coverts and quills edged with fulvous; lower 
back and rump rather lighter than the rest of the back; tail-feathers 
brown, margined with sandy brown, the penultimate feathers tipped 
with buffy white, broader on the outermost feather, which has the 
outer web also of this colour; sides of face and under surface of body 
dull white, plentifully spotted with mesial streaks of brown on the 
feathers, these streaks disappearing on the abdomen. 

Hah. Australia and South-eastern Few Guinea. 

«. <S ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [0.1. 
6, c, $ imm. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell Y P. j . 

d. J ad. sk. Yarrandi river. J. Gould, Esq [C.]. 
€,f. $ ad. sk. South Australia. Sir G. Grey IT.]. 
ff. tf ad. sk. Burr Range, interior of Capt. Sturt [P.], 
S. Australia. 
h. Pall., i. $ ad. sk. West Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [0.]. 
k,L Juv. sk N.W. Australia. J. R Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
m. 
d juv. sk. Lat. 17°, long. 184°, Julv J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
1856. ^ 
n. Juv. sk. Port Essington. Oapt. Chambers [P.], 
©. cS ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.J. 
Guinea. 

4. Lalage atrovirens. 
Campephaga (Lalage) atrovirens, Gray, P. Z. & 1861, pp. 430, 
433. 
Lalage atrovirens, JZcv-tl J,f. 0. 1865, p. 164. 
Campephaga atrovirens, Finsch, Next-Guinea, p. 172 ; Gray, Iland-L 
B. i. p. §39, no. 5121 j Giebel, Orn. T/ies. i. p. 554. 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy greenish 
black, the head with a faint shade of steel-blue ; across the rump a 
broad band of white; feathers of the lower rump rigid, white at 
base and tipped with white, "before which is a subterminal spot of 
greenish black ; upper tail-coverts black with greenish edges, some 
of the lower ones margined with white; tail-feathers black, edged 
with greenish, the outermost feather tipped with a white spot; least 
wing-coverts greenish black like the back, the median series black 
broadly tipped with white, forming a transverse bar; the greater 
series black tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the innermost, 
which are broadly margined with white ; primary-coverts 
entirely black; quills black, the secondaries rather broadly edged 
with white externally; sides of face and sides of neck white, the 
upper edge of the ear-coverts greenish black like the crown; lower 
edge of eyelid white like the adjoining cheeks, the rest greenish 
black; entire under surface of body pure white, including the under 
wing-coverts, some of the outermost of which have black bases; 
quills dusky, blackish below, with broad white lining to the inner 

CUlPOPfTVGTDu-M. 

wel). Total length 7"8 indies, culmon 0*6, wing 3*85, tail 3*3, 

tarsus 0-8. 

Adah female. Similar to the male, but rather duller above, more 

ashy but with a greenish gloss; below white, narrowly barred across 

with wavy cross lines of blackish; under wing- and tail-coverts 

white, as well as the quill-lining ; cheeks white, the ear-coverts 

dusky white with clearer white shaft-lines. Total length 7*6 inches, 

culmen 0-55, wing 3-85, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*85. 

Sab. Mysol, Salwatti, JNew Guinea. 

a, b. S 2 ad. &k Mvsol. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 

c. (S ad. sk. Mvsol. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
d. J ad. sk. Salwatti. A. 11. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
5. Lalage timoiiensis. 
Ceblepyrib tiinoiiensis, 8. Mull, Nat. Verschied. Land- en Volkenk, 
p. 190. 
Carapepliaga timoriensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 288; id. Sand-J. B. i. 
p. 339. 
Lalage timoriensis, Bp. Consp. i p. 355 • Hartl.J.f. 0.1865, p. 165 \ 
Finsch, Nm-Guinea, p. 172; 8alvad, TJcc. Bom. p. 147. 
Lalage leucopluea, Wall P.Z. 8.1863, p. 485 (nee V.). 

Adult nude. General colour above glossy greenish black, the lower 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light grey, the latter with narrow 
whitish tips; lesser and median wing-coverts pure white, forming a 
large shoulder-patch, the greater series black, narrowly edged with 
white, the inner ones white on the outer web, black on the inner ; 
quills black, the secondaries narrowly bordered with white on the 
outer web • tail black, with very narrow white tips to some of the 
feathers, the two outermost plainly tipped with white; a narrow 
line of white running from the base of the nostrils above the eye ; 
upper and lower edge of the eyelid white; through the eye a black 
streak from the base of the bill to the nape; cheeks, ear-coverts, 
sides of neck, and entire under surface of body pure white, including 
the under wing-coverts, axillaries, and the inner lining of the 
quills. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*75, tail 3*1, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Different from the male; brown with darker 
centres to the feathers of the crown; lower back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts grey, with whitish edges to the feathers; wing-coverts 
and quills dark brown, all edged with sandy rufous ; tail-feathers 
brown, the feathers edged and tipped with sandy buff, the two outer 
ones tipped with white, extending up the outer web of the external 
feather; a narrow buffy white, eyebrow from the nostril over the 
eye, succeeded by a streak of dusky brown through the eye; sides 
of face and under surface of body buffy white, with obscure dusky 
bars on the breast and sides of the body; thighs greyish; under 
wing-coverts and quill-lining buffy white. Total length 7'3 inches, 
wing 3*45, tail 3-05, tarsus 0*75. 

Young. Brown like the old female, but not grey on the lower 

9. LALAGE. 
95 

back, which. Is only a little lighter brown than the rest of the 
back; under surface of body white, with nearly obsolete shaft-
streaks of brown ; tips to all the tail-feathers very distinct. 

Hob. Timor group of islands. 

a. § JUT. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0, 
h} c. S ad. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. 
d, e. JUT. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
f. $ ad. sk. Timor Coupong. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C." 
g. d1 ad., h. $ juv. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.' 
*. ? juv. sk. Bali. A. R. WaUace, Esq. [(T 
6. Lalage terat*. ^ v v# , (7W/v -7?M 
Le Merle des Indes, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 248, pi. 31. fig. 3. 
Le Terat-Boulan, Month. Hist. Nat. des Ois. iii. p. 397. 
Le Merle des Indes orientates, D'Auhent. PL Enl. iv. pi. 40. fig. 2. 
Ask-runrped Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 74. 
Tardus terat, JBodd. Tail PI Enl pi. 17. 
Tardus orientalis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 821. 
Sylvia orientalis, Bonn, fy Vieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 487. 
Ceblepyris strigra, Horsf. Tr. Linn, Soc, xiii. p. 145. 
Turdus striga, Raff, t c. p. 311. 
Lalage orientalis, Bote, Ibis, 1826, p. 973; Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. 8. B 
p. 192 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 355; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 60; Horsf. 
4- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. B. L Co. i. p. 175; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, 
p. 273 ; Bemst. J. f. O. 1859, p. 274; Hard. J. f. O. 1865, p. 166. 
Emcivora orientalis, Swains. Faun. Bor.~Amer.f Birds, p. 483; Peh. 
Beis. Novam, Vog. p. 81. 
Ceblepyris orientalis, S. Muller, Nat Versch.Land-en Volkeuh. p. 190; 
Less. Echo du Monde Savant p. 232. 
Pycnonotus humeraloides, Less. JDeser. Mamm. ei Ois. p. 305. 
Campephaga terat, Gray, Hund-l B. i. p. 339. 
Lalage terat, Hume, Stk F. 1873, p. 454, 1874, p. 202: Salvad. Ucc. 


Born. p. 145; Shar^, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 107. 
Lalage dominica, Walden, Tr. Z. 8. ix. p. 178; Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877 


p. 313; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new ser. i. p. 324; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 
1877, pp. 545, 759, 827, 1878, pp. 108, 285, 342; id. Ibis, 1877, 
p. 313. 
Adult male. General colour above glossy greenish black, the scapulars 
and least wing-coverts like the back; median series pure 
white, as also the greater coverts, the latter black with the outer 


* The oldest name for this bird is, no doubt, Turdus dominieus of P. L. S. 
Muller (S. 35F. Anhang, p. 145 ; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 251), a gentleman 
who brought out an edition of Linnseus's ' Systema NaturtB' and included 
species published since 1766. The date at which he wrote (1776) enabled him 
to name several of D'Aubenton's ' Planches Enlumin^es,' to which he was the 
first to give titles. It is a great question whether this author is entitled to 
recognition at the hands of ornithologists, as he was apparently colour-blind— 
witness his bestowing the name of viridis upon the rufous-and-grey Terpsiphone 
of Soiiih Africa, and casfanea upon the totally black Vhilepitta jala of Madagascar 
I In the case of Lalage terat he has committed himself greatly, as he has 
not noticed the numbers of the figures on D'Aubenton's plate, and has named 
the upper bird ("Merle des Indes orientales") dominica, instead of the under 
figure, which represents a bird from San Domingo ; to this he has given the name 
of indicus. 
CAMPOriUOlDJE. 

web white and also a portion of the edge of the inner web ; primary-

coverts and quills black, the secondaries externally bordered with 

white, forming a longitudinal bar down the wing ; lower back, rump, 

and upper tail-coverts clear grey, the latter with silvery grey edges ; 

tail-feathers black, narrowly edged with steel-green, tipped with 

white, these tips much broader on the outer feathers, the two centre 

ones shaded with grey towards the base of their inner webs; nasal 

plumes, lores, and a broad eyebrow white; a spot in front of the eye 

and a streak behind the latter, above the ear-coverts to the sides of 

the nape, black; sides of face, ear-coverts, and entire under surface 

of body pure white, with a slight greyish tint on the breast and 

flanks ; under wing-coverts and inner lining of quills white for more 

than half the inner web; " bill black; legs and feet black or 

plumbeous; soles yellowish horny; iris brown" (Hume). Total 

length 6-1 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3-85, tail 2*85, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being entirely grey above, 

lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts, the fetter with whitish 

edges, the head and mantle with blackish streaks down the centre of 

the feathers; below white, the breast narrowly barred with obscure 

greyish cross lines • two centre tail-feathers grey at base and for the 

greater part of their inner webs; " bill black ; legs blackish grey ; 

iris dark brown " (A. Everett), Total length 6*3 inches, wing 3*6, 

tail 2*&, tarsus 0*8. 

Dr. Hartlaub describes the female as similar to the male, but 

Count Salvadori (' Uce. .Born.' p. 147) identifies this sex as having a 

grey back. I have described Labuan birds sent without labels by 

Mr. Low and Governor Ussher, but evidently male and female. 

Mr. Everett has settled the question by sending correctly dissected 

specimens from Luzon which agree with the Labuan birds described 

by me. Salvadori hints at the probability of the Bornean bird being 

specifically distinct from that of the rest of the Malayan archipelago, 

but I find Philippine examples not differing from those of Labuan. 

Lord Tweeddale says that birds from Southern Borneo have a longer 

wing and larger bill than those of Java, 

Young. Like the old females, but the grey back more or less suffused 
with brown, the feathers in some parts edged with whity brown ; 
below the dusky cross lines are broader, and the chest is washed with 
sandy buff; the greater wing-coverts have zigzag cross bars of 
blackish. 

Count Salvadori describes the young as being " like the females, 
but varied with white above and longitudinally streaked and spotted 
with du«ky below." This must be a younger stage than I have yet 
seen. 

Huh. Mcobar Islands, Malayan peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, 
Labuan, Philippine Islands. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Nancowry Island, Ni- E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 
cobars, Dec. 1873 
(Capt. Wimberley). 

b. <$ ad. sk. Malacca. A. It. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
c,d. cf ad., e. $ ad.sk W.J&Ya(EC.£iLvl<m). F. Nicholson, Esq. \V.\ 
9 . LALAGE. 
97 

/ . $ ad. sk. Labuan (H. Lozv), R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 

g. 6 ad. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [G.\ 
h. <$ ad., i d jim. sk. Labuan. Governor Ussher [0.1 
k. Juv. sk. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [0.1. 
I <$ imm. sk. Dumalon, Mindanao. Prof. J. B. Steere [0.1 
m. S ad. sk. Oebu, April 1877. Alfred Everett, Esq. [0.1. 
n. $ ad. sk. Monte Alban, Luzon, Alfred Everett, Esq. [0.1, 
H L J

Feb. 1877.

o. $ ad. sk. San Mateo,Luzon, Feb. U. B, Sharpe, Esq. [F.l, 
1877 (.4. Everett). 
P-<$ ad. &t Luzon. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 

7. Lalage pacifica. 
Pacific Thrush, Lath. Gen. Si/n. iii. p. 38; id. Gen. Hist. v. p. 117. 
Turdus pacificus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 818 (ex Lath.). 
Oolluricincla maculosa, Peale, U. 8. Expl. Exp, 1848, p. 81, pi. 23. 

fig. 1. 

Lalage terat {nee Bodd.), Cass. V. 8. Expl. Exp. p. 143; Finsch § 
Hartl. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 540; iid. Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 80; 
Whiimee, Ibis, 1875, p. 440; Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 433, 1876, 
pp. 494, 502; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 144. 

Oanrpephaga pacifica, Gray. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 23 ; 

J ,F

idHand-L B. i. p. 339. ' 
Campephaga maculosa, Gray, t. c. p. 23; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 339. 
Lalage pacifica, Marti. J. f. 0.1805, p. 169. 
Lalage maculosa, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 724, 735, 773. 

Adult male. General colour above greenish black, the sides of the 
neck white, so as to form almost a collar round the hind neck; rump 
and upper tail-coverts grey, with buffy white margins to the feathers, 
the upper tail-coverts having a subterminal shade of black ; scapulars 
and least wing-coverts black like the back, the median series white, 
the outermost with black mesial patches; greater series black with 
white tips, the inner ones broadly white externally, forming with 
the median coverts a white wing-patch; primary-coverts entirely 
black; quills black, the primaries narrowly edged with white, the 
secondaries more broadly; tail-feathers black, narrowly tipped with 
white, becoming broader towards the outer feathers, the two outermost 
having a large white apical spot; lores white, continued into 
a broad superciliary streak, succeeded by a second line of greenish 
black drawn from the base of the bill through the eye and including 
the upper edge of the ear-coverts; cheeks, ear-coverts, and entire 
under surface, including the under wing-coverts and the base of the 
inner web of the quills, white; thighs white, with black bases; " upper 
mandible bluish black, lower pale yellow with dark tip; legs bluish; 
iris dark brown" (K A. Layard); " iris blackv (Brenchley). 
Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3*7, tail 2-7, tarsus 1. 


Adidt female. Browner than the male, the head only greenish 
black and contrasting with the back, the feathers of the upper 
surface being edged with lighter brown; rump and upper tail-
coverts ashy, the feathers edged with buffy white, with a subterminal 
bar of black, imparting a barred appearance to this part; tail brown, 

98 
CAMPOPHAGIDiE. 

tipped with white, only the two outer tail-feathers having white 
apical spots of large size; white margins to the quills and wingcovorts 
narrow and not forming a patch as in the male; rest of 
plumage as in the latter, but the sides of the face, sides of neck and 
of body below barred with zigzag cross lines of dusky black; " iris 
dark brown " (Brenchley). Total length &5 inches, wing 3*6, tail 
2*7, tarsus 0*85. 

The female described is from M'Bau Island, Fiji (Brenchley), as I 
have not seen a dissected specimen from Tongatabu. The Fiji and 
Friendly Islands birds are, however, specifically identical, though 
specimens from the former group appear to be smaller, the wing not 
exceeding, as a rule, 3*45 inches in length. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the feathers of the upper 
surface edged with rusty colour or hoary white; the wing-coverts 
and quills margined with rusty, the white wing-coverts with large 
black centres; sides of face, breast, and flanks mottled with zigzag 
cross markings of blackish. 

Two young birds from Samoa are ashy brown above, white below, 
with remains of wavy arrow-head lines of dull brown, and have 
yelloiv bills. 

Hob. Oceania: Friendly, Fiji, and Navigator groups of islands. 

ct. c? ad., b. juv. sk. Tongatabu. Sir E. Home [P.]. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Tongatabu, Julv 1865. J. Brenchley, Esq. 
d. 
$ ad. sk. M'Bau Island, "Fiji, J. Brenchley, Esq. 
August 1865. 
e. S imm. sk. Viti. Purchased. 
f-tf ad. sk. Viti. Feb. 7, 1877. Dr. Smith [0.1 
9-<$ ad. sk. Viti, April 10, 1877. Dr. Smith TO.]. 
h, i <$ $ ad. sk. Bua, Fiji. E. A. Layard, Esq. [0.1. 
k. 2 juv. sk. Kandavu, Sept. 1876. Dr. Kubary [C.]. 
I 
J juv. sk. Interior of viti Levu, Godeffroy Museum. 
Mayl878(Dr.JTto~ 

schmidt). 

m. Ad., n. jun. sk. Samoa. J. Gould, Esq. 
o. Ad.; p. imm. sk. Upolu, Samoa. Kev. S. J. Whitniee [0.1. 
q. Juv. sk. Upolu, Samoa. Rev. S. J. Whitmee [0.1. 
r. Ad., s. juv. sk. Upolu, Samoa. M. Krause [C.]. 
t. Ad. sk. Upolu, Samoa. Dr. Kubary [0.]. 
8. Lalage leucopygialis. 
Campephaga leucopygialis, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 389, no. 5125 
(descr. mdld). 
Lalage leucopygialis, Walden, Tr. Z. 8, viii. p. 69, no. 88, pi. 8. %. 2; 
Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 658. 

Adult male. General colour above grey, darker on the head, glossed 
with greenish, the back narrowly streaked with dusky shaft-lines ; 
scapulars grey; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts lighter 
grey, shading off into white on the latter; least wing-coverts glossy 
blue-black; greater and median series blackish, with broad white 
margins to the feathers; primary-coverts black; quills black, the 
primaries narrowly tipped, the secondaries margined externally with 

9. LALIGE.
white; tail-feathers blackish, the two outer feathers tipped with 
white, "broader on the outermost; from the base of the bill a broad 
white eyebrow extending to above the ear-eovcrts and slightly 
washed with grey ; in front of the eye a spot of dusky blackish, as 
also a line behind the eye; feathers round the eye white, except 
where the eyelid joins the black lino through the eye ; cheeks and 
ear-coverts white, the latter dusky on their upper margin; entire 
under surface of body pure white, with tiny specks of zigzag cross 
lines on the fore neck and throat; thighs grey with white edgings; 
quills dusky blackish below, greyish white along the inner webs. 
Total length 7*6 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*75, tail 3*15, tarsus 0-8. 

Young female. Earthy brown above, the head with mesial shaft-
streaks of blackish; least wing-coverts brown, the median series 
rusty buff with black mesial bases ; greater coverts and quills brown 
edged with rusty, broader on the secondaries; lower back and rump 
dull grey with whitish margins, the long upper tail-covert s rusty 
brown shaded with grey and tipped with whitish; tail-feathers 
brown, all tipped with white, broader on the outermost; eyebrow 
rusty buff; ear-coverts dusky, with white centres to the feathers ; 
cheeks and under surface of body buffy white, with dusky bars on 
the flanks. 

Two nearly adult males are grey like the adult, with rusty tips to 
the feathers of the head and back. 
Hah. Island of Celebes; Sula Islands. 

a. $ ad. sk. Menado. A. R Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 
b, c. <$ imm. sk. Makassar. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
d. $ j uv -s ^ - Makassar. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [C.I. 
0. Lalage leucoptera. 
Campephaga leucoptera, SchL N. T. D. iii. p. 45. 

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, May 20, 1875, Beccarl). General 
colour above glossy blue-black, including the lores, sides of face, and 
ear-coverts; cheeks and entire under surface of body pure white, 
including the under wing-coverts and axillaries ; thighs black; 
least wing-coverts like the back; median and greater series pure 
white, the outermost greater coverts black tipped broadly with white, 
the innermost more or less black on the inner web ; bastard plumes, 
primary-coverts, and quills black, the innor secondaries externally 
white, forming a large white wing-patch continuous with the white 
coverts; tail black, with a narrow edging of blue-black to the feathers, 
the two outermost of which have a small white tip. Total length 
7-5 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 4-2, tail 3-0, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. Civic, 
Genov.) v 

Adult female (Kordo, May 11, 1875, Beccari). Browk where 
the male is bine-black, with a more distinct gloss on the head, the 
feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts with grey edges; the 
wThite under surface and wing-markings as in the male; ear-coverts 
brown, with narrow whitish shaft-lines on the lower parts. Total 

100 

CAMPOPHAGIDJL 

length 7*2 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*95, tail 3, tarsus 0*8. 

(2Ius. Civic, Genov.) 

Hob. Island of Misori in the Bay of Geelvink, "New Guinea. 

a, b. c? $ ad. sk. Kordo, Misori, April 1878 Dresden Museum. 

(Dr. A. B. Meyer). 

10. Lalage whitmeei 
Lalage whitmeei, Sharpe, Mitth. h. zool. Mas. Dresden, Heft iii. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, with only the 

faintest shade of green; sides of the neck white, encroaching behind 

so as to form a half-collar; lesser wing-coverts margining the edge 

of the wing black, the rest of the lesser coverts as well as the median 

series pure white, the former with black mesial streaks forming a 

conspicuous shoulder-patch ,* greater coverts black, with broad white 

endings to the outer webs ; primary-coverts black, narrowly tipped 

with white ; quills black, the primaries narrowly margined with 

white, the secondaries more broadly; some of the outer scapulars 

with white terminal spots; long upper tatl-coverts with a shade of 

grey; tail-feathers black, all tipped with white, increasing in extent 

towards the outermost, which are very broadly tipped with white ; 

a broad white eyebrow from the base of the nostrils to the sides of 

the nape, succeeded by a broad streak through the eye from the base 

of the bill to the nape; ear-coverts, sides of face, and entire under 

surface of body pure white, including the under wing-coverts and 

quills at base of the inner web; thighs white, with blackish bases. 

Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*95, tail 2-8, tarsus 1-05. 

Female (not quite adult). Black like the male, but with a few 

remains of greyish edges to the rump-feathers and upper tail-

coverts ; scapulars externally spotted with white at the tip; sides of 

the body below with dusky zigzag cross lines. Total length 6*8 

inches, wing 4*05, tail 3-1, tarsus 1*05. 

Ohs. This species appears to be quite distinct from L. paeijim, 
from which it differs in its black rump. The female bird is not 
quite mature, and shows that in the young plumage it resembles the 
young of L. pacifiea. Another difference is seen in the white spots 
on the scapulars, and also in the very broad white tips to the tail-
feathers. 

Hah. Savage Island. 

a. $ ad. sk. Savage Island. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.l 
b. J jun. sk. Savage Island. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.l 
e. Ad. sk. Savage Island. Rev. S. J. Whitmee [O.]. 
d. Juv. sk. Purchased. 
11. Lalage banksiana. 
Lalage banksiana, Gray, Ann, §• Mag. N. H. 1870, p. 329 • id. in 
Brenchley''« Cruise of the Curacoa, App. p. 372, pi. 10 j Laijard. Ibis. 
1878, p. 273. 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above purplish black, 
the feathers long and silky and white at the base; upper tail-coverts 

9 . LALAGE. 101 
pure white: tail-feathers white, blackish at the base and along the 
edge of the outer web, the two centre feathers black with a white tip ; 
least -wing-coverts purplish black, the inner ones white with black 
edges ; median wing-coverts pure white; greater series also white, 
the outer ones black, with a large diamond-shaped spot of white at 
the tip: primary-coverts black, white at base of outer web; quills 
black, the secondaries edged and tipped with white, the innermost 
entirely pure white; lores, feathers round the eye, an eyebrow 
joining the sides of the crown, and sides of nape and neck white, the 
latter so extended as to leave only a broad nuchal band from the head 
to the mantle; entire under surface of body creamy white, including 
the under wing- and tail-coverts and the quills at the base of the 
inner web ; across the fore neck a band of purplish black ; bill and 
legs black; a iris black " (Brenchley), " deep brown " (E. L. Layard). 
Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*15, tail 2*55, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Like the male, but having the white ends to the tail-
feathers less extended, and having some of the wing-coverts and 
secondaries edged with fulvous (probably remains of an immature 
plumage). Total length 5*3 inches, wing 3, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*9. 

Hah. Banks's Islands, and Yate in the Xew Hebrides group. 

a, h, <$ Q ad. sk. Yanua Lava, Banks's Group, J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.]. 
August 1MJ5. (Types of species. J 

12. Lalage rnfiventer. 
Lanius feirugineus, Freycinet, Toy. TJranie, p. 90, pi. IS (nee Gm,). 
Schetba ferruginea, Lesson, Traite, p. 874. 
Oxvnotus rufiventer, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Am., Birds, p. 483. 
Oampephaga capensis, Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 191. 
Oxvnotus ferrugineus, Hartl. Faun. Madag. 1862, p. 51, note; Schl 


P. Z. & 1866, p. 423 j ScM. $ Poll Faun. Madag. p. 82. 
Oxvnotus typicus, Marti J. f. O. 1865, p. 160; Pollen, Ibis, 1866, 
p. 278, pL 7; Hartl Tog. Madag. 1877, p. 182. 
Campepnaga ruhventer, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5131. 
Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, darker on the head, 
the feathers of which have dark shaft-streaks; least wing-coverts 
like the back, the greater and median series blackish, edged with 
slaty grey; primary-coverts black; quills blackish, externally edged 
with slaty grey, shading off into white on the primaries and outer 
secondaries, which have also a terminal notch of white; two centre 
tail-feathers blackish edged with grey, the rest of the feathers black 
tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost; 
lores dull whitish, extending over the front of the eye and forming 
an indistinct eyebrow; feathers in front of the eye black; feathers 
below the eye, cheeks, and ear-coverts light grey, the latter with 
white shaft-streaks, the upper edge of the ear-coverts dark grey like 
the head; rest of under surface of body light grey, the throat and 
centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts white; thighs dark 
grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries white; quills brown below, 
the inner web very broadly white for nearly half its extent; a bill 

CAMPOPHA.GIDJ:. 

black; feel bluish; iris hazel." Total length 8 inches, culnien 0*75, 
wing 4-15, tail 3-4, tarsus 1-05. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour dull 
rufous-brown, the rump and upper tail-coverts brighter and more 
brick-red; least wing-coverts like the back, the rest of the wing-
coverts and the quills blackish brown, edged with dull reddish 
brown, the primaries with whity brown near the tips; centre tail-
feathers brown, washed with lighter brown; the rest of the tail-
feathers blackish, tipped with pale reddish like the centre ones ; 
head duller and more olivaceous brown than the back, contrasting 
with it, the feathers mesially streaked with blackish; lores ashy 
whitish; feathers in front of and behind the eye dusky brown ; 
above the eye a faint indication of a rufous eyebrow* ear-coverts 
light rufous, mottled with brown streaks and whitish shaft-lines ; 
the plumes below the eye whitish; under surface of body chestnut, 
the chin and fore part of cheeks white, forming a moustache ; under 
wing-coverts light chestnut; quills ashy brown below, edged with 
light rufous on the inner web. Total length 8*8 inches, culmen 0*9, 
wing 4*25, tail 3*5, tarsus 1-2. 

Hah. Mauritius. 
a. S ad. sk. Mauritius, Nov. 1860. E. Newton, Esq. [P.], 
b, c. $ J ad. sk. Mauritius (Bezvsher). R.B. Sharpe,Esq.[P.J. 
13. Lalage newtoni, 

Oxynotus ferrugiiieus, Pollen, Bull. Soc. cTAcclim. Reunion, iii. p. 7, 
pi. 1 (1805, nee Freyein.); Verr. in Vim. Note sur Vile Reunion, 

p. 102. 
Oxynotus newtoni, Pollen, Ibis, 1866, p. 278, pi. 8; Schl. P. Z. S. 
1860, p. 423; 8chl $ Pollen, Faun. Madag, p. 84; Hartl Vdg. 
Madag. 1877, p. 84. 

Campephaga newtoni, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 340, no. 5132. 

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey, the crown streaked 
with dusky shaft-lines to the feathers, the rump and upper tail-
coverts a little lighter grey than the back; wings black, contrasting 
with the back, the least coverts edged with dull grey, the median 
and greater series with obscure and almost obsolete margins of grey; 
quills narrowly margined with hoary white, the inner secondaries 
slightly tipped with the same ; tail-feathers black, tipped with white, 
which increases in extent towards the outermost, which have very 
broad white ends; a spot in front of the eye dusky blackish; eyelid 
hoary grey; ear-coverts and sides of face dull ashy grey, spotted 
with white below the eye; chin and upper throat greyish white; 
rest of under surface light ashy grey, white on the centre of the 
body and under tail-coverts ; thighs light ashy; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries white, the latter slightly shaded with grey ; quills 
blackish beiow, white towards the base of the inner webs; soft parts 
as in female (Pollen 8? Van Dam). Total length 7 inches, culmen 
0*7, wing 3-9, tail 3*3, tarsus 1. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above rusty brown, 
rather more ashy on the head • least wing-coverts like the back; 

9 . LALAGT3. 103 
median and greater coverts dark brown, edged with the same rusty 
brown as the back ; bastard plumes and primary-coverts blackish 
brown; quills dark brown, the primaries margined with whity 
brown, the secondaries with rusty brown, the innermost entirely of 
the latter colour and resembling the back; tail-feathers black, the 
two centre ones browner, all tipped with white, increasing in extent 
towards the outermost feathers, which are rather broadly tipped; 
feathers in front of the eye hoary grey; sides of face greyish white, 
the feathers edged with dull ashy, producing a mottled appearance; 
throat and under surface ashy white, the chest and flanks washed 
with fulvous, the whole under surface narrowly barred with dull 
blackish cross lines ; under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts 
white, with narrow cross bars like the breast; quills dull brown 
below, white towards the base of the inner web; " bill and feet 
bluish; iris brown" {Pollen § Van Dam), Total length 7*7 inches, 

culmen 0*65, wing 3*9, tail 3*3, tarsus 1. 

Hah. Island of Reunion. 

a. $ ad., b. §> juv. sk. Reunion. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 
c, d. $ Q ad. sk. Reunion, Jan. 4, MM. Pollen and Van Dam 
1865. [C.]. 
<?,/. <$ $ ad-sk- Reunion. M. Van Dam [P.]. 


14. Lalage insperata. 
Volvocivora insperata, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 643; id. Jour. Mus. 
Godeffr. Heft xii. p. 27 • id. P. Z. & 1877, p. 779, 

Adult male. General colour above rufous-brown, the rump and 
upper tail-coverts dull chestnut, contrasting with the back; head 
rather duller than the mantle; scapular and lesser wing-coverts a 
little more rufous than the back, the median and greater series ashy, 
externally rufous, and edged with a narrow margin of darker rufous ; 
quills blackish brown, externally margined with rufous, paler at the 
tips ; two centre tail-feathers rusty brown, the remainder dark brown 
with pale rufous tips, broader on the outer ones, which are also rufescent 
along the outer web ; feathers in front of the eye dull ashy ; 
sides of face and ear-coverts chestnut with fulvous shaft-lines; sides 
of neck and entire under surface of body deep chestnut-red, including 
the under wing-coverts and axillaries; inner edges of quills below 
pale chestnut. Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4*15, 
tail 3*4, tarsus 1*05. 


Hal. Island of Ponape. 

a. Ad. sk. Ponape (Br. Kuhary). Museum Godeffroy. 
15. Lalage fibtnbriata. 
Ceblepyris fimbriata, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pis. 249, 250* Sckl Handl 
Bierk. i. p. 289 (pt.). 
Volvocivora fimbriata, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 61; Bp. Consp. I 

p. 356 (pt.) ; Earth J. f. O. 1865, p. 161 (evel sijn.). 
Campephaga fimbriata, Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 354 * id. Band-l B. i. 
p. 338, no. 5104. 
CVMPOPHAGIDJE. 

104 

Volvocivora vidua, Hard. J.f 0. 1865, p. 163 (type examined). 
Campephaga vidua, Gray, Iland-L B. i. p. 338, no. 5110. 

Adult male. General colour above dark slaty grey, blacker on the 
bead and sides of face, which have also a slight gloss ; wings black, 
with glossy black margins to the feathers, the least wing-coverts 
edged with slaty grey like the back ; tail black, the two outer feathers 
with greyish-white spots at the tip, the third feather scarcely perceptibly 
tipped with white ; entire under surface of body slaty grey, 
darker and blacker on the throat and fore neck ; under wing-coverts 
dark slaty grey; quills ashy, blackish below. Total length 8*5 inches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 4, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Similar to the female of L. ndminata described 
below, but a little larger. Wing 3-8 inches, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*75. 

Hah. Java. 
a. S ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
E. Java, 
Java. 
Java. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
J. Inskipp, Esq. [P.]. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.J. 
d. e. Ad. sk, [Celebes.] Purchased. 

Subsp. a. Lalage cnlmiaata. 

Ceblepyris culminate, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. xiii. p. 157; Blyth, 

J. A. S. B. xv. p. 307. 
Ceblepyris fimbriata (pt.), 8. Mull Natuurl. Geschied. Land-en 
Volkenh. p. 190. 
Volvocivora fimbriata (nee Temm.), 8clater> P. Z. S. 1863, p. 218; 
Haiti J.f. 0. 1865, p. 161 (pt.).' 
Volvocivora sckierbiandii, Peh.Peis.Novara, Vog. pp. 80,161, Taf.2. 
fig. 1 j Hartl J.f. 0. 1866, p. 161; Salrad. tfec. Born. p. 148. 
Volvocivora borneensis, Salvad. Atti It. Ace. Torino, iii. p. 532. 
Campephaga schierbrandii, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5108. 
Campephaga borneensis, Gray, Hand-l B. iii. p. 194, sp. 5104 a. 
Volvocivora culminata, Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 312: Hume, Stray F. 

1877, p. 495. 

Adult male. Similar to L. fimbriata, but smaller and a little 
lighter slaty grey. Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*8, 
tail 2*7, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. General colour above light grey, slightly darker on 
the head, the rump and upper tail-coverts paler and with hoary white 
edgings to the feathers ; least wing-coverts grey like the back, the 
median and greater series ashy brown, margined with grey; quills 
brown, washed with grey on the outer web, the primaries edged with 
whitish towards the tips of their outer webs * tail blackish tipped 
with white, more largely on the inner web of the outer feathers, 
which are more or less mottled with brown cross lines, the outer 
feather white on the outer web, middle feathers washed with grey: 
under surface of body greyish white, barred across with narrow bars 
of dusky black; the under tail-coverts white with the cross bars wider 
apart; breast shaded with grey, the cross bars indistinct and 
coalescing; under wing-coverts like the breast; lores dusky white; 

9. LA1AGE. 
105 

round the eye a ring of hoary -white feathers; ear-coverts slate


colour with distinct whito shaft-lines • cheeks white, barred like the 

throat; quills ashy below, lighter along the edge of the inner 

web. Total length. 7*7 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3-3, tarsus 0-75. 

Young birds resemble the old female, but have generally remains 

of mottling on the upper surface, the feathers having a white tip, 

preceded by a subterminal line of black; all the quills are tipped with 

white, tho inner secondaries having a subterminal second mark of 

white. A specimen marked V. melanoptem, Ep., from " Pulo-

Pinang," seems identical, but has the dark under tail-coverts whitish 

towards the tips of these feathers. 

Hah, Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo. 

a, b. tf $ ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier. 

<?• $ ad. sk. Malacca. A. II. Wallace, Esq, [0.]. 

d. c? ad. sk. Pulo-Pinaug. Purchased. 
e>f- 6 juv. sk. Sumatra. A. 11. Wallace, Esq. [C,\ 
(/. 2 ad. &k. Sarawak, Borneo, A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.\ 
h, i. $ ad. ,• h. Juv. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [0.". 
I J ad. sk. Tagora, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [C.\ 
m, n. S 2 ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [O.J. 
o,p. $ § ad.,* q. Juv.sk. Lumbidan. GoYernor Ussher [C.J. 
16. Lalage monacha. 
Carrrpephaga rnonacha, Hartl. $ Finsch, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 90. 
Yolvocivora nionacha, FinscJi, Jour. Must Qodeffr. Heft viii. Taf. 3. 
figs. 2 & a 

Adult male. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, the 
least wing-coverts like the back; median coverts black, broadly 
edged with grey like the back ,• greater coverts black edged with 
grey, inclining to hoary grey on the extreme margin; bastard 
plumes and primary-coverts black; quills black, with narrow hoary 
grey mai'gins; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, tipped with lighter 
grey, before which there is an extensive subterminal mark of black; 
remainder of the tail-feathers black, tipped with ashy grey; nasal 
plumes, feathers in front of the eye, and sides of face black, the ear-
coverts slightly shaded writh grey ; throat blackish, gradually shading 
off into the slaty-grey colour of the rest of the under surface; under 
wing-coverts like tho breast; quills dusky below, the inner webs 
conspicuously white towards the base. Total length 7*3 inches, cul


men 0*7, wing 3*85, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-9. 

Adult female. General colour above brown, with ashy margins 
to the feathers of the head; rump and upper tail-coverts rusty buff, 
barred with blackish ; wing-coverts edged with rufous or rufous-buff, 
the quills also with rufous margins; centio tail-feathers fulvous 
brown, the other feathers dark brown, tipped with reddish buff, more 
broadly towards the outermost feather, which is also rufous along 
the outer web; lores and feathers at base of forehead dull white ; 
above the eye a faintly indicated rufous eyebrow; round the eye a 
ring of rufous-buff feathers; feathers in front of tho eye and upper 

VOL. IV. * 

106 
CAMPOPEAOILiE. 

margin of ear-coverts dull brown; cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of 
face rufous-buff, the car-coverts ©dg*ed "with dusky, causing a streaked 
appearance; throat ochracoous huff, a little deeper on the rest of the 
under surface, which is barred across with dark brown, rather more 
zigzag in shape on the chest; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and 
under tail-coverts deep ochraceous buff; quills dull brown below, pale 
rufous along the inner web. Total length 7'4 inches, culmen 0*7, 
wing 3*75, tail 3, tarsus 09 . 

Young. Eesembles the old female, but differs in the whitish tips 
and edgings to the feathers of the upper surface, and the deeper 
rufous margins to the quills; below, the under surface is longitudinally 
streaked with brown. 

Obs. This species has the plumage of an Edoliisoma in both sexes, 
bub nevertheless seems to have the structure of a Lalage. 

Hab. Pelew Islands. 
a. S ad. sk. Pelew Islands Museum Godenroy. 
(Dr. Kubary). 
ft* $ ad. ; c. $ juv. sk» Pelew Islands. Museum Godenroy, 

17. Lalage leucomelaana, 
Campephaga leucomela, Vig. 8c Hoi*sf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 215; 
Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 62; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 j Reicherib* 
Vog. N&uhdll. p. 230 ; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 84; Gould, LCandb.B. 
Austr. i. p. 203; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5115 ; Mammy, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 1, p. 181. 

Lanius karu; Less, et Gam. Voy. Coquille, Ois. p. 633, pi. 12% 
Ceblepyris karu, iid. torn. cit. i. p. 033. 
Notodela karu, Less. Traite, p. 374._ 
Ceblepyris leucomela, Riipp. Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 26. 
Campephaga karu, Goidd, B. Austr. ii. pi. 01 (nee Less.) ; Reichenb. 


Vog. Keulioll. p. 230; Bp Consp. i. p. 55 ; Gray, Cat. B. Trop:IsL 
Pacific Ocean, p. 23 ; Fmsc/i, Neu-Guinea, p. 172; Gould, Handb. 

B. Austr. i. p. 202; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 84; Gray, Hand-l. B. 
, i. p. 339. 
Echenilleur a ventre roux, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Bole Stid, Atlas, pi. ii. 
fig.i. 
Campephaga rufiventris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Hand-l B. i. 

p. 339. no. 5117: Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. W. S. W. ii. pt. 1, 
p. 181. 
Lalage leucomela, Bp. Consp. i. p. 355: id, C. R. xxxviii. p. 541; 
Earth J.f.O. 1865, p. 166. 
Ceblepyris rufiventris, Jacq. et Pitcher. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii, Ois. 

p. 71; Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 163. 
Lalage karu, Bp. 6. R. xxxviii. p. 541; Hartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 168: 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 101; Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. 

p. 48; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 28; id. P. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 87; Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 499; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 181. 
Lalage rufiventris, Bp. C. R, xxxviii. p. 541: Hartl. J. f. 0.1865, 

p. 167. 
J > 
Campephaga polygram mica, 
Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 179; id. Cat B. 
Neio Guinea, p. 32,• Rosenb. J.f.O. 1864, p. 121; Finsch, Km-
Guinea, p. 172. 

9. IAIAGE. 107 
Lalage polygrammica, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193; Bartl J.f. 0. 
18(35, p. 1(58 ; Pelz. Verk z.-h. Wien, 1872, p. 429. 
Campephaga (Lalage) polygrammica, Gray, 1\ Z. 8. 1801, p. 435, 

Adult male. General colour above glossy greenish black, rather 
more steel-black on the head; least wing-coverts greenish black like 
the back, the median series white with black bases, the greater series 
black with white tips; quills black, the primaries very narrowly 
edged with white, much broader on the outer edge of the secondaries \ 
rump grey, with subterminal black spots to the feathers • upper tail-
coverts grey, narrowly tipped with white; tail black, the outer 
feathers broadly tipped with white, decreasing in extent towards 
the centre of the tail; a broad eyebrow running from the base of 
the nostrils above the ear-coverts; a broad streak of black running 
through the eye; cheeks, ear-coverts, and eyelid white, the 
upper edge of the ear-coverts black; under surface of body white 
with a slight greyish shade; thighs grey; vent and under tail-
coverts orange-buff or deep fawn-colour; under wing-coverts and 
lining of quills white; " bill black ; feet blackish grey externally, 
bluish grey internally, light mealy ashy grey between the scales and 
inside the feet; iris dark brown " (Gould). Total length 7*8 inches, 
culmen 0*6, wing 3*9, tail 3*35, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Dark ashy brown instead of greenish black, the 
rump and upper tail-coverts greyer, with hoary margins to the 
feathers ; greater coverts brown with white tips more or less mottled 
with brown, the greater series broadly edged with white like the 
secondaries, the primaries being more narrowly margined; primary-
coverts conspicuously tipped with white; eyebrow as in male, but 
mottled, with greyish tips to the feathers; streak through the eye 
as in male, but duller; ear-coverts as well as upper and lower margin 
of eyelid silvery white; under surface of body fawn-buff, lighter 
on the throat, deepening into orange-buff on the vent and under tail-
coverts ; thighs grey; under surface crossed with wavy lines of dusky 
blackish, vanishing on the throat and absent on the lower abdomen, 
vent, and under tail-coverts, which are more richly coloured; under 
wing-coverts white, washed with fawn-colour. Total length 7*5 
inches, wing 4*8, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*9. 

Young. Browner than the foregoing description, the rump and 
upper tail-coverts strongly washed with ochraceous, as also the least 
wing-coverts : underneath paler buff than in the female, with the 
bars more broken up. 

Hab. Australia, New Ireland, South-eastern Few "Guinea, Aru 
Islands. 

a. Juv. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P,]. 
b. cJ ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 
c. <5 ad. sk, Kockingham Bay Capt. Stanley [P.]. 
(J. Macgillivray). 
d. $ ad. sk. Bunk Island Capt. Stanley [P.]. 
(J. MacgilMway)* 
e Juv. sk. Port Estington. Capt, Chambers [P.]. 
f. <S ad.; g, h. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 
CAHPOPHAGIM. 

18. Lalage aurea, 
CeHepyris aureus, Temm. PL Col ii. pi. 382. fig. 2; S. Mull Nat 
Versck Zand-en Volkenh. p. 190 ; Riipp. Mm. Bench, iii. p. 24; 
Jaeq. et Pmher. Voy. Pole Slid, iii. Ois. p. 71; .Hart*. «7./. 0. 1854, 

, p. 103. 
Ecliemlleur oranga, llomlr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi, 10. 

Campephaga aurea, (??•«?/, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Hand-l J5. i. p. 339. 
Lalage auiea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 355 ; *W. 6y. i?. xxxviii. p. 541; Marti 

J. f. O. 1805, p. 168; Finsch, Neil-Guinea, p. 172; J"./. O. 
18U0,p. 12; THr/dfew, ZV. X A viii. p. 70, 
Campepliaga (Lalage) aurea, Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 353. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black, with, a few 
of the lower rump-feathers narrowly edged with white (perhaps the 
remains of young plumage); least wing-coverts like the back, the 
median series white, forming a bar across the wing; greater series-
black, white for the terminal half, forming a second whig-bar; 
primary-coverts and quills black, white along their inner webs, the 
secondaries broadly margined with white externally, forming a 
longitudinal wing-bar ; tail black, the two outer feathers conspicuously 
tipped with white; over the eye a narrow streak of white, 
round the eye a ring of white feathers; feathers at base of bill, in 
front of and behind the eye, blue-black like the crown; ear-coverts 
white, black on their upper margin, the white extending a little 
way down the sides of the neck; chin and cheeks also white; rest 
of under surface of body chestnut, paler on the throat; thighs black, 
with white tips to the feathers ; on the lower flanks a tuft of silky 
white feathers hanging over from the lower back; under wing-
coverts pure white, as also the inner lining of the quills. Total 
length 8 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*9, tail 3*4, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being slaty grey with a 
gloss of blue-black, the feathers of the crown with blackish centres; 
wings and tail as in the male, but the white tip to the penultimate 
tail-feather very indistinct; white eyebrow very narrow; cheeks 
and ear-coverts mottled, white with dusky grey margins; under 
surface as in male, but the white chin-spot indistinct. Total length 
7'5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*15, tarsus 0*75. 

Young male. Similar to adult female, but with white cheeks as in 
old male; eyebrow continued to base of bill, and tinged with rusty; 
feathers of rump and upper tail-coverts edged with rust-colour, as 
also many of the feathers of the upper surface; primary-coverts 
tipped with white; feathers of the breast with mesial spots of dark 
brown ; chin rufous, like the rest of the under surface. (Mus. Civic. 
Genov.) 
Hal. Molucca Islands: Batchian, Gilolo, Ternate, Morty Island. 

a, b. J 2 ad. sk. Ternate. A. E. Wallace, Esq. TC.]. 
c,d. <* S ad. sk. Batchian. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
e. (S juv. sk. Batchian. A, E.Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 

10 , SYMMORMOTS. 

109 

10. SYMMOEPHUS. 
Type. 
Symmorphus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 145 S. leucopygius. 

Range. Norfolk Island; New Caledonia; New Hebrides group. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Greenish black; rump ochraceous buff; upper tail-
coverts grey leucopygius, p. 100. 
b. Brown; rump ashy buff; upper tail-coverts brown ncovius, p. 110. 
1. Symmorplras leucopygius. 
Symmorphus leucopygius, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 145: Gray. Ibis, 
1862, p. 226; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1865, p. 170. 
Oampepnaga leucopygia, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Iland-l. JB. i. 

p. 389, no. 5130. 
Caurpephaga longicaudata, Pelz. Sitz. Akad. Wien. xli. p. 321: Gray, 
Ibis, 1862, p. 226. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy greenish black, the plumage 
soft and fluffy; rump fawn-buff; upper tail-covcrts dark grey; 
tail black, the feathers tipped with white, increasing in extent towards 
the outer ones, the last one being black for the basal, and 
white for the terminal half; least and median wing-coverts pure 
white; greater series black, with white edgings and tips, the inner 
ones white externally, black on the inner web; primary-coverts and 
quills black, the primaries narrowly edged with white, the secondaries 
more broadly; lores black, mottled with a few white feathers; 
lower margin of the eyelid white ; cheeks and ear-coverts yellowish 
white, extending backwards and occupying the entire sides of tho 
neck; entire under surface of body light ochraceous buff, the throat 
white; under wing-coveits and base of inner web of quills white, 
slightly washed with ochraceous buff; " iris black" (Brencliley). 
Total length 7*2 inches, culmcn 0*6, wing 3*6, tail 3*5, tarsus 1. 

Adult female. Browner than the male, the head with blackish 
centres to the feathers; upper tail-coverts with sandy margins; 

S0IQ0

wing-coverts washed with sandy buffi- °f them edged with 
brown; secondaries with sandy margins ; lores whitish, but not 
forming an eyebrow; under surface of body as in the male, but 
with a few remains of zigzag cross markings on the sides of the 
breast. Total length 7*2 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3-35, tarsus 0-95. 

Eab. Norfolk Island. 

a. S ad. sk. Norfolk Island. Dr. Rayner* [C.]. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Norfolk Island. Dr. Rayner [0.]. 
c. J ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1865. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.], 
* "Voyage of the * Herald.' 
CAMPOPJUGIDJE. 

no 

2. Symmorplms usevius. 
Muscicapa noevia, Forster, Icon. ined. MS. pi. 159, 
N«3vous Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 343 (ex Forster). 
Muscicapa ncevia, Qm. S. 2V. i. p. 944 (ex Lath.) ; Forster, Descr. 


Anim. p. 209; GVtf?/, Gen. B. i. p. 203. 
Oampophaga naevia, &•«?/, P. Z. tf. 1859, p. 103; id. Cat. B. Trqp. 
Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 22; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5122. 
Lalage montrosieri, Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1800, p. 431; Harth 

J.f. 0.1865, p. 105. 
Lalage nssvia, Ilartl. J.f. 0. 1805, p. 109; Tristr. Ibis, 1870, p. 203. 
Oampephaga montrosieri, Gray, IIand~l. B. i. p. 339. 
Adult male. General colour above dark earthy brown, the feathers 
of the head with black centres ; across the rump a band of ashy 
grey feathers, edged with fulvous; upper tail-coverts brown, like 
the rest of the back; scapulars brown, as also the least wing-
coverts ; median wing-coverts sandy buff, with more or less broad 
central markings of brown; greater wing-coverts and quills brown, 
edged with sandy buff externally, these margins very narrow on the 
primaries ; primary-coverts entirely brown; tail blackish, the four 
outer tail-feathers tipped with white, broader on the outermost, the 
centre tail-feathers browner and not tipped with white; a line of 
white feathers from the base of the nostrils to above the fore part 
of the eye; in front of the eye a blackish spot; eyelid above 
and below buffy white, brown before and behind ; sides of face, ear-
coverts, and sides of neck, as well as entire under surface, white, the 
breast with a yellowish tinge ; under wing-coverts and quill-linings 
white; thighs white with blackish bases; bill black ; " iris black " 
(BrencMey). Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 34, tail 
3-25, tarsus 0-95. 

Young. Mottled on the upper surface, with white tips to many of 
the feathers; rump more fulvescent, with dusky cross bars; underneath 
more ochraceous, but without dusky cross bars. 

Sab. New Caledonia and New Hebrides. 

a. & ad. sk. Port de France, N. C, Oct. 1805. J. BrencMey, Esq. [P.]. 
b. Jim. sk. Nu, Port de France. Purchased. 
e. c? ad. sk. New Caledonia. M. Verreaux. 
d, <5 jun, sk. Aneiteum, New Hebrides. Purchased. 
MTTSCICAETOiE. 
Il l 

Family MUSCICAPID.E. 

Passerine birds of very varied form, and embracing within their 
limits a large number of genera. The affinities of the family lie in 
several directions, but they connect the Wood-Shrikes with the 
Thrushes by means of a gradual succession of genera, so that, as a 
family, the characters of definition are most obscure. Some of the 
genera evince a great likeness to the Timeliidae, such as Lioptilus; 
to the Prionopidae, as in the case of Gassinia; and especially to the 
"Warblers, as in the case of Gryjptolopha and Gerygone. The most 
perfectly developed Flycatchers are probably the Paradise Flycatchers 
(Terjpsiphone), the Fantails (Rhipiclura), and the broad-billed 
Myiagrce and the allied genera. Prom these birds, with their broad, 
flattened bills and ample bristles, there are gradations on all sides 
towards the families mentioned above; and the series is in some 
instances so complete, that it is difficult to draw an exact line of 
distinction, so that some of the outlying genera might almost be included 
in the Timeliince or in the Syhiinw. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Wings long, falling short of the tail by not 
more than the length of the tarsus; i. e. 
the distance between tne wings and the 
tip of the tail not exceeding the tarsus 
in length; the wing longer than the tail. 
a\ Bill moderately broad; when measured 
across the nostrils equal to the hind toe 
without claw, 


an. Wing much pointed, the distance between 
the tips of the primaries and 
the secondaries equal to or greater 
than the culmen. 


a'1', Billflattened, the sides bowed from, 
the base and gradually bending 
inwards towards the tip; length 
of gonys not equal to that of the 
hind toe without the claw 1. HEMICHELIDON, p. 120, 

b'". Bill rather stout and slightly 
arched, the outline of the sides of 
the bill nearly straight and only 
slightly inclining inwards towards 
the tip. 


a4. Wings extremely long, falling 
short of tail by about the length 
of the culmen .. 2. MICBCECA, p. 122. 

6*. Wings 
rather shorter, the distance 
between the tips of the 
primaries and the end of the 


112 MUSCICA.PIDJE. 

tail more than the length of the 
oilmen 3. ALSEONAX, p. 126. 

L". "Wing rounded, the distance between 
the lips of the primaries and the 
secondaries not so great as the 
length of the culmen. 


c'". Wing not double the length of the 
tail j no eye-wattle 4. BATIS, p. 133. 

d'". Wing more than double the length 
of the tail, which is very shoit; 
round the eye a fleshy wattle 5. DIAPIIOKOPHYIA,P.140. 

b\ Bill extremely broad• when measured 
across the nostrils exceeding the leugth 
of the hind toe without claw• wings 
very long, falling short of the tail by 
less than" the length of the culmen .. 6, BIAS, p. 142. 


c'. Bill much narrower, when measured 
across the nostrils much less than the 
length of the hind toe without claw. 


c'\ Bill tolerably broadened, measured at 
gape equal to or exceeding the 
length of the culmen 7. ARTOMYIAS, p. 144. 

d". Bill moderately broadened, the 
breadth of it at gape less than the 
length of the culmen, 


<?'". Tarsus of varying proportions, but 
never twice the length of the culmen. 


cK Wings moderately long, but falling 
short of the tail by more 
than the length of the culmen. 


a5. Second primary shorter than 
the secondaries, the latter 
nearly equalling the primaries 
in length. 


«6. An erect fleshy wattle above 
the eye 8. PLATYSTIBA, p. 145. 
b6. Without an eye-wattle 9. NEWTONIA, p. 148. 
b5. Second primary longer than 
the secondaries, and sometimes 
approaching the third 
in length.. 


cG. Wing pointed and long, but 
not reaching as near the 
tip of the tail as the length 
of the culmen,* bill tolerably 
long, the culmen more 
than twice the width of 
the bill at "gape- bristles 

scanty 10. MUSCICAPA, p. 149. 

d6. Wing very much longer, the 
distance between the tips 
of the primaries and the 
tip of the tail not so great 
as the length of the tarsus; 
the culmen not exceeding 
twice the width of the bill 

MTTSCICAPIDifiJ. 113 

at gape; first primary much 
longer than the primary coverts. 


a7. Under tail-coverts short, 
falling short of the tail 
by more than the length 
of the tarsus. 


a8. Bill slender, about equal 
in height and breadth 
at the nostrils 11. PETIKECA, p. 1G4 

h8. Bill stouter, broader at 
the nostrils than it is 
high. 


a0. Second primary very 
long, longer than 
the secondaries, the 
first primary not 
half the length of 
the second 12. PBATINCOLA, p. 178. 

59. Second primary moderately 
long j the 
first primary more 
than half the length [p. 199. 
of the second 13. EBYTHEOMYIAS, 
W. Under tail-coverts long, 
falling short of the tail 
by less than the length 
of the tarsus. 
c\ Bill rather broad, with 
well-defined oilmen, 
broader at the nostrils 
than it is high. 


<?9. Bill shorter, the culinen 
not exceeding 
the inner toe and 
claw in length .... 14, POLIOMYIAS, p. 201. 

d9. Bill stouter and 
broader, the culmen 
far exceeding the 
inner toe and claw 
in length 15. MXJSCICAPULA, p. 203. 

$*. Bill much slighter and 
more slender, about 
equal in breadth and 
height at nostrils. 


e*t Culmen less than the 
hind toe and claw, 
the bill itself extremely 
small .... 16. SMIGEOBNIS, p. 209. 

fQ. Culmen exceeding in 
length the hind toe 
and claw 17. GERYGONE, p. 211. 

c5. Second primary about equal 
to the secondaries. 

e6. Feet not very strong, the 
tarsus not double the length 
of the outer toe and claw. 


114 MTTSCICAMim 

<?7. Nostrils linear and shut in 
by a membrane; bristles [p. 215. 
scanty 18. PSEUD OGEBYG-ONE, 

d7 

. Nostrils rounded and exposed. 


#8 

, Bill bowed at the sides, 
bending inwards towards 
the tip $ bristles 
plentiful, and reaching 
beyond the middle of 
the bill 19. CHASIEMPIS, p. 231. 

y8. Bill nearly straight 
along the outer edge; 
bristles scanty, and not 
reaching to the middle 
of the bill 20. MTTSCYLVA, p. 233* 

\ Feet very large, the tarsus 
more than double the outer 
toe and claw; bill slender; 
bristles numerous but 
slight, and not reaching 
beyond the middle of the 
bill 21. Mmo, p. 234. 

dK Wings very long, falling short of 
the tail by not more than the 
length of the culmen. 


d5. Bill higher than it is broad at 
the nostrils. 
gQ. Wings reaching to the tip 
of the tail 22. LANIOTTT:RDTTS, p. 237. 

hQ. Wings long, falling short of 
the tail by about as much 
as the length of the hind 
toe and claw. 


€7 

. Feet rather small, the 
middle toe and claw not 
exceeding the hind toe 
and claw 23. METABOLITE, p. 238. 

f7. Feet larger, the middle 
toe and claw longer than 
the hind toe and claw.. 24. HETEBOMYIAS, p. 239. 

*5. Bill broader than it is high at 
the nostrils. 
»5. Tarsus shortened, not so long 
as the middle toe and claw 25. MONACHELLA, p. 240. 

k6. Tarsus long, equal to or exceeding 
the length of the 
middle toe and claw. 


g1* Second primary shorter, 
only a little longer than 
the secondaries, and not 
exceeding them by as 
much as the length of 
the hind toe without 
claw .. . 26. PCECILODBYAS, p. 240. 

h7. Second primary very long, 
almost as long as the 

MUSCICAPIDJE. 115 

third, and exceeding the 
length of the secondaries 
by as much as the length 
of the hind toe. 

g8, Bill bng and thin, the 
length of the culm en 
equal to three times 
the breadth of the bill 
at the nostrils 27. HYMOTA, p. 247. 

A8. Bill broad, the culmen 
equal to only twice the 
breadth of the bill at 
nostrils 28. XANTHOPYGIA, p. 249. 

f". Tarsus extremely powerful, more 
than twice the length of the 
culmen 29. TARSIGER, p. 254. 

b. Wings shorter, falling short of the tail by 
more than the length of the tarsus. 
d'. Wings about equal to the tail in length. 
e". Second primary longer than the 
secondaries; bill moderately broad, 
measuring at the forehead not nearly 
as much as the inner toe without 
its claw. 


g'", Head crested; bill stout and 
broader than it is high at the 
base of the forehead; rictal bristles 
insignificant, and not reaching 
beyond the anterior edge of 
the nostril 30, LIOPTILTTS, p. 262. 

7im. Head not crested; bill thin and 
long, nearly straight, and only 
slightly decurved at the tip ,* rictal • 
bristles strongly developed and 
springing from both mandibles, 
far extending beyond the anterior 
edge of the nostrils; bill rather 
broadened, wider at base of forehead 
than it is high. 


e4. Nostrils rounded, in a groove, 
with no superior membrane. .. 31. OREICOLA, p. 263. 
/4. Nostrils linear, in a groove, and 
shut in by a membrane 32. STENOSTIRA, p. 267. 

i'". Head not crested; bill stouter, 
with strongly curved gonys and 
culmen; rictal bristles insignificant, 
and not extending beyond 
the anterior edge of the nostril; 
bill rather compressed, about equal 
in height and breadth at the base 
of the forehead 33. PARISOMA, p. 268. 

f". Second primary about equal to the 
secondaries; bill narrow, with numerous 
and strong bristles reaching 
for two thirds of the length of the 
bill 34. AETHOMYIAS, p. 271, 

g". Second primary equal to the secon


116 
MirSCICAPII>iB. 

claries in length; hill very broad, 
measuring at the forehead as much 
as the inner toe without its claw ; 
the bristles extending a little over 
half its length; feet very stout, the 
wing not three times the length of 
the tarsus 35. CHLOROPETA, p. 272. 

h'\ Second primary not as long as the 
secondaries; bill very broad, and 
measuring at the forehead as much 
as the inner toe without its claw. 


k"'. Bill stout; curved and very plainly 
notched, the upper mandible armed 
with a few strong black rictal 
bristles, the lower mandible with 
scarcely any bristles at all. 


g^. Head with scale-like velvety 
plumes; no tufts of feathers on 
the sides of the head 36. HYPOTHYMIS, p. 273. 

M. 
Head with a long tuft of feathers 
springing from each side of the 
occiput 37. CYANOMYIAS, p. 278. 
l"\ Bill very weak, strongly hooked 
at the tip; bristles numerous and 
hiding the nostrils, springing in 
equal profusion from the lower 
mandible as well as the tipper; [p. 279. 
feet very weak 38. CHELIDQBHYNX, 

a*'. Second primary not as long as the 
secondaries; bill long, distinctly 
notched, moderately broad, but not 
measuring at the forehead nearly as 
much as the inner toe without its 
claw. 


mm. Bill rather narrow and long, measuring 
across the nostrils less than 
the hind claw; bristles not reaching 
to half the length of bill 30. TGDOPSIS, p. 280. 

n'". Bill long but broad, measuring 
across the nostrils -as much as hind 
claw; bristles reaching to more [p. 284 
than half the bill 40. OHENOBHAJVXPHUS, 

', With the tail longer than the wing. 

h". Tail graduated, the two centre feathers 
not exceeding the next one by as 
much as the length of the culmen, 


o'". Tarsus longer than the culmen. 

a4. Wing rounded, the distance between 
the tips of the primaries 
and the tips of the secondaries 
less than the culmen. 


f. 
Tail strongly graduated, so 
that the distance between the 
outer and the middle feathers 
is equal to the tarsus. 
lQ. Bill very broad, long, and 

OTSCICAHDJ2. 

flat, broader than it is high, 
flatter than in Todopm ..41, CLYTOMYIAS, p. 285. 
wi°. Bill stouter, about equal in 
# height and breadth 42. MALUUUS, p. 285. 

f/\ Tail rounded, the distance between 
the outer and middle 
feathers not so great as the 
length of the tarsus; bill 
weak; bristles very numerous, 
and reaching to the end [p. 208. 
of the bill 43. ERYTHROCERCUS, 

7cK Wing tolerably pointed, the distance 
between the tips of the 
primaries and those of the secondaries 
equal to or greater than 
the culmen. 


h5. "With a large crest of elongated [p. 290. 
plumes 44. TROCIIOCERCUS, 

P. 
With no elongated crest, the 
plumage of the head full.... 45. HIHPIDURA, p. 303. 
p"\ 
Tarsus shortened, not so long as 
the oilmen. 


li. With no wattle round the eye; 
feathers of head ordinary 40. NEOMYIAS, p. 342. 
m%. With a wattle round the eye; 
plumes of head velvety and 
scale-like 47. ZEOCEPHUS, p. 342. 

V\ Tail with elongated centre tail-feathers, 
these exceeding the next ones 
by more than the length of the 
culmen. 


q"'. Bill very large and broad, longer 
than the tarsus; bristles scanty 
but very strong, not reaching beyond 
the half of the bill 48. TERPSIPIIONE, p. 344. 

r'". 
Bill very weak and small, shorter 
than the tarsus; bristles very full 
and numerous, reaching nearly to 
the end of the bill 49. ELMINIA, p. 3G3. 

f. With the wing longer than the tail. 
on". Second primary shorter than the 
secondaries, the third equal to the 
latter; wing rounded, the distance 
between the primaries and the secondaries 
not so great as the culmen .. 50. PHILENTOMA, p. 3G5. 
n". Second primary about equal to the 
secondaries. 
s"'. Bill moderately broad; when measured 
at base of forehead, equal to 
the hind toe without claw. 
w4. Wing rather pointed, the difference 
between the tips of the primaries 
and the tips of the 
secondaries equal to or greater 
than the length of the culmen. 

h5. The distance between the tips 

118 MTTSCICAPIDJ3. 

of the primaries and the tip 
of the tail not as much as 
twice the length of the tarsus. 

ft0. Outline of bill straight along \ 
the edges; culmen much 
hooked 51. EHINOMYIAS, p. 867. 

o6. Outline of bill bowed in towards 
the tip; bill flattened 52. CXTLICICAPA, p. 36$. 

P, The distance between the tips 
of the primaries and the end 
of the tail more than twice 
the length of the culmen; bill 
arched and rather stout 53. MYIAGRA, p. 371. 

o4. Wing rounded, the distance between 
the primaries and the 
secondaries not so great as the 
length of the culmen. 


m5. Hind toe equal in length to 
middle toe (without claws); 
nostrils rounded, and not 
hidden "by bristles 54. PSEITDOBIAS, p. 336. 

n5. Hind toe less than the middle 
toe (without claws) ; nostrils 
quite concealed "by bristles. 


pQ. Bill longer and narrower 
than the next; when measured 
at gape only about 
equal to half the culmen.. 55. MEGABIAS, p. 387, 

q&. Bill very broad, measuring 
at gape as much as the 
culmen 56. SMITHOBNIS, p. 388. 

J'". Bill extremely broad and flattened 
on both mandibles; when measured 
at base of forehead exceeding 
the length of the hind toe 
without claw; culmen elevated 
into a distinct ridge; wings moderately 
long, falling short of the 
tail by more than the length of [p. 300. 

the culmen 57. MACH^BOKHI'NCHXJS^ 

'!". Biil much narrower, measured 
across the nostrils less than the 
hind toe and claw. 


jp4. Nostrils hidden by bristles; size 
small 58. CBYPTOLOPHA, p. 393. 
(j4*. Nostrils rounded and exposed. 

o5. Bill extremely long and thin, 
the culmen exceeding the 
length of the middle toe and 
claw , 59. SISUBA, p. 407. 

p5. Bill stouter, the culmen not 
as long as the middle toe and 
claw. 


?*6. With a fleshy eye-wattle .. 60. ABSES, p. 408. 
s6. Without an eye-wattle, 
^7. Plumage of" head velvety, 

MTSCX0AP2D2E. 119 
with soft scale-like 
plumes on tlie crown of [p. 413. 

head and throat 61. PIEZORHYNCHUS, 
h7. Plumage of head ordinary 62. MONARCHA; p. 429. 
o". Second primary longer than the 
secondaries; wing short. 

v'". Nostrils rounded and exposed; not 
overhung by a membrane or concealed 
by bristles. 

r4. Bill very broad and powerful, 
when measured at base of forehead 
equal to the hind toe without 
claw; wing pointed, the 
distance between the tips of 
primaries and the tips of secondaries 
greater than the length 
of the tarsus 03. PBLTOPS, p. 433, 

s4. Bill rather narrow; when measured 
at base of forehead much 
less than hind toe without claw; 
wing rather rounded, the distance 
between the tips of primaries 
and the tips of secondaries 
less than length of tarsus 64. POMABEA, p. 434. 

w"\ Nostrils obscured by bristles and 
overhanging frontal plumes, so 
that the nasal openings are not 
visible and are sometimes shut in 
by a membrane. 

tA. Bill much narrower j when measured 
across the base of the 
forehead much less than the 
hind toe without claw. 

q5. Wing pointed and long, but 
not reaching as near the tip 
of the tail as the length, of 
the tarsus. 

t&. Bill rather long, the culmen 
not equal to twice the 
width of the bill at gape) 
bristles numerous 65. STOPAHOLA, p. 435. 

u6. Bill much longer, the culmen 
twice as long as it is 
broad at gape. 

P, Hind claw moderate and 
curved, but not nearly 
as long as the hind toe.. 6Q. SIPHIA, p. 441. 

m7. Hind claw very long and 
strongly curved, about 
equal in length to the 
hind toe itself 67. DIGENEA, p. 458. 

r5. "Wings very short; bill stout, 
the culmen not as long as the 
middle toe and claw; distance 
between wings and 
tail greater than twice the 

120 
MUSCICAriDiE. 

length of the tarsus; bill 
swollen towards the tip, before 
which the culrnen is 
indented 68. NILTAVA, p. 462. 

w4. Bill broader; when measured 
across the base of the forehead 
equal to the hind toe without 
the claw 69. CASSINIA, p. 466. 

1. HEMICHELIDOK 
Type. 
Hemiclielidon, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32.. H. sibirica. 

Bill of Hemiclielidon ferruginea* 

Range. Eastern Siberia; throughout China and Burmese countries; 
India. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Tail uniform; upper surface of body dusky or ashy 
brown, the upper tail-coverts like the back; quills 
edged with lighter brown , sibirica, p. 120, 
b. 
Tail particoloured, the feathers rufous-brown at the 
tips and on the outer webs ; rump and upper 
tail-coverts rufous; under surface of body orange-
rufous ferruginea, p. 122. 
1. Hemichelidon sibirica. 
Dun Flycatcher, Penn. Arctic ZooL ii. p. 390. 
Muscicapa sibirica, Gm. S. N. i. p. 936 {ex Pennant) ; Schrenck, 

Beis. Amurl. Vo'g. p. 379; Badde, Beis. Sibir. ii. p. 271. 
Muscicapa fuscedula, Pall Zoogr. Bosso-Asiat. i. p. 462. 
Hemichelidon fuliginosa, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32 (types exa


mined) ; Grayj Cat. Mamm. fyc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91; id. Gen. 

B. i. p. 262 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 119 ; id. Cat. B. 3fus. A. S. B. 
p. 175; Bp. Consp. i. p. 321; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. B.I. 
Co. i. p. 137 ; Jerdon, B. Ind. i. p. 458; Hume ty Henders. Lahore 
to Yarh. p. 184, pi. 4. 
Butalis sibirica, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 288, 1870, p. 440, 1871, 

p. 379; Blyth $ Wold. B. Bunn. p. 134; Taczan. Bull. Soc. ZooL 
France, i. p. 168; David fy Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 122. 
Hemiclielidon sibiricus, 
Gray, Hand-rl. B. i. p. 324, no. 4862; Hume, 
Nests Sf Eggs Ind. B. p. 106; id. Str. F 1875, pp. 104, 321; 
Brooks, t. c. p. 275 j Armstr. Str. F. 1876, p. 323; Ilmne # Davison, 
Str. F. 1878, p. 226. 

121 

1. BCEMICIIELinON. 
Adult male. General colour above brown ; least wing-coverts 
uniform with, the back, the greater series dark brown with lighter 
brown tips to the median series, the greater coverts tipped with 
whitish; primary-coverts and primaries dark brown, the secondaries 
edged with pale brown, whitish at the tips; tail dark brown; lores 
buffy white ; in front of the eye a dusky spot; round the eye a ring 
of buffy-white feathers ; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts 
brown like the crown; cheeks white, mottled with brown bases to 
the feathers; throat white, widening out on the lower part and separated 
from the cheeks by a broad moustachial line of brown; breast 
and sides of body ashy brown, the former slightly mottled with 
grizzly white edgings to the feathers; abdomen and under tail-
coverts pure white; thighs brown; under wing-coverts light tawny, 
with dusky bases to the feathers, the quills ashy brown below with 
an edging of light tawny to the inner webs; " upper mandible 
dusky blaek; lower mandible yellowish brown, tipped with dusky ; 
legs and feet brownish black; iris dark brown " (Armstrong). Total 
length 4-9 inches, culmen 04, wing 3-15, tail 2*2, tarsus 0-5. 

Obs. The description is from a specimen collected by Dr. Radde in 
Eastern Siberia on the 18th of May, 1856, and therefore in full 
breeding-plumage. Examples from other parts of China and the 
Himalayas are similar, but great variation takes place in this species 
as regards the tone and intensity of the brown colour both on the 
upper and under surface, and also in the uniform or mottled colour * 
of the breast. The coloration of the throat is very different in individuals, 
being in some almost uniform brown, succeeded by a jugular 
spot of white. 

Young (Peking, Sept. 1868, B. JSwinJwe). Ashy brown, mottled 
with whitish streaks and terminal spots to the feathers, the greater 
coverts edged and tipped with buffy white, the rest of the* coverts 
spotted with whitish at the tip like the back ; primary-coverts and 
quills dark brown, the inner secondaries edged and tipped with pale 
rufous ; under surface very thickly mottled with brown, the feathers 
being white with dusky brown edges. (Mus. H. Seebohn.) 
Hab. Eastern Siberia, China, Burmese countries, Himalaya Moun


tains. 
a. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
c. S ad.; d, e. $ ad. sk. 
N. India. 
Cashmere. 
Sonamarg, July1875. 
Earl of Giffard [P.]. 
R B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
Capt. Biddulph [O.J. 
/ . $ ad. sk.
q-h. Ad. sk. 
Rawul Pindee. 
N.W. Himalayas. 
Capt. Biddulph [C.]. 
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
l-q. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
(Types of H.fuliginosa.) 
r. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [PJ. 
s-v. Ad.sk. Darjiling. J.EotheringhamjEsq.rC.l. 
w,v. Juv.sk. Darjiling. J.Eothermgham,Esq.[C.J. 


VOL. IV. 

MTTSCICAPIDJe. 

2. Hemichelidon ferruginens. 
Hemichelidon ferruginea, 
Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32 (types examined) 
; Gray, Cat, Mamm. 8fc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91• id. Gen. 

B. i. p. 262 j JBlyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 119• id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. 
p. 173; Bp. Consp. i. p. 321; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat B. Mus. E.I. 
Co. i. p. 137; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 40; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. 
p. 324, no. 4863 ; Hume, JVests $ Eggs Ind. B. p. 207. 
Butalis rufescens, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 120 (ex Jerdon, MS.), 
? Alseonax rufescens, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 53. 
Hemichelidon rufilata, Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 57. 
Alseonax ferrugineus, Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 460. 
Butalis ferruginea, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 288, et 1871, p. 379; Blyth, 
B. Burm. p. 104• David $• Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 121. 
Adult. General colour above rufous-brown, shading into chestnut 
on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; head and nape sooty brown ; 
least wing-coverts like the back, the remainder of the coverts and 
the secondaries blackish brown, edged and tipped with chestnut-
rufous, paler on the margins of the inner secondaries; primary-
coverts and primaries nearly uniform blackish brown, the first primary 
broadly edged with rufous; two centre tail-feathers dusky 
brown, the remainder rufous, dusky brown along the outer web, the 
inner web more or less dusky near the tip ; round the eye a distinct 
ring of buny-white feathers; lores rufous; feathers in front of and 
below the eye and the ear-coverts dusky brown, mottled with whitish 
shaft-lines or spots ; under surface of body orange-rufous, the throat 
and sides of the breast shaded with dusky brown ; centre of abdomen 
white; throat pale rufous-buff, with dusky margins to most of the 
feathers ; the bases to the plumes of the lower throat white, forming 
a concealed white patch ; under wing-coverts deep orange-rufous ; 
quills dark brown below, edged with light rufous along the inner 
web; " bill black, with the base of the lower mandible whitish; 
feet dull grey, with the soles yellow and the nails grey; iris brown" 
(David), Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-8, tail 2, 
tarsus 0*5. 

Obs. In some specimens the throat is pure white, with a malar 

streak on each side of dusky black; the outer tail-feathers appear 

gradually to lose all the dusky markings on the outer web. 

Hah. Eastern Himalayas, extending into Southern. China. 

a-e. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.], 
(Types of species.) 
/, g. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotkeringham, Esq. [O.]. 

2. MICRCECA* 
^ 
Type. 
Microeca, Gould, P. Z. & 1840, p. 172 M. assimilis. 
Muscicapa (pt.), Gray.

* The follovjfag species hare been included in Mr. €L E. Gray's ' Hand-list' 
under the genus Micrczca:— 

1. M. conspicillata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150; is a Pseudogerygone, and is 
described later on. 

2 . MICRCECA. 123 
Range. Confined to Australia, New Guinea, and the adjacent 
islands. 

Bill of Micrceca fascinans. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Belly and under tail-coverts white. 
a'. Larger ; wing 3*45 inches : outer tail-feathers 
entirely pure white; axillaries light brown . fascinans, p. 123. 
b\ Smaller; wing 335 inches ; outer tail-feather 
blackish brown, white at tip of inner web 
and along the outer one asshnilis, p. 124. 


b, Belly and under tail-coverts yellow; head uniform 
with back. 

a". Larger; wing 3*1 inches: lower mandible 
yellowish; feet pale; olive-green 
above; below very pale yellow with 
olive-green sides to the body flavovirescens, p. 125. 

b". 
Smaller; wing 2*75 inches: lower mandible 
dark horn-colour, the upper one 
brown ; legs blackish ; olive-brown 
above, more or less tinged with yellow; 
below pale yellow, the sides scarcely 
darker; throat white or paler yellow; 
lores dull whitish flavigaster, p. 126. 

1. Micrceca fascinans. 
Fascinating Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 197. 
Loxia fascinans, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl ii. p. xlvi. 
Myiagra macroptera, Vig. 8? Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 254 (type 


examined). 
Muscicapa platyrhyncha, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstrolabe, Zool. i. 
Ok. p. 178, pi. 11. fig. 1. 
Micrceca macroptera, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 172; id. B. Austr. ii. 

pi. 93; Reich. V. Neuh. p. 221. ^ 
Myiagra fascinans, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261. 
Micrceca leucophgea, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S.B.y. 177, no. 1036. 
Micrceca fascinans, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. 

p. 258; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 586; id. Proc. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 183. 
Muscicapa fascinans, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4855. 
Adult. General colour above ashy brown, the upper tail-coverts 

2. M. superciliosa (Wall.), Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, is Phylloscopus presbytis 
(Muller), ex Timor. Cf. Seebohm, 'Ibis,' 1877, p. 83. 
l2 


12 4 MTJSOICAPIDJi!. 

blackish brown, in strong contrast to the back ; tail-feathers blackish 
brown, the four middle feathers entirely brown, the two outermost entirely 
white, the next two brown with white tips, in creasing in extent 
towards the outer feathers, and extending on the outer webs of the 
last but two; wings ashy brown, the median and greater coverts 
externally edged with ashy white; primary-coverts dark brown, with 
conspicuous white bases to the inner webs; quills dark brown, externally 
edged with light brown, the secondaries plainly margined 
with white; a narrow frontal line and lores dull white, extending 
backwards over the eye, but not forming a very distinct eyebrow; in 
front of the eye a spot of dusky black; sides of face dull white, the 
ear-coverts ashy brown : throat and centre of body and under tail-
coverts white, the sides of neck, sides of breast, and flanks ashy 
brown ; thighs brown ; axillaries light brown; under wing-coverts 
whitish, with brown bases ; quills ashy below, with greyish edges to 
the inner web; "bill and feet brown; irides brown" (Gould), 
Total length 4*9 inches, oilmen 0*45, wing 3*45, tail 2*2, tarsus 
0*65. 

Hob. Australia: Port Denison, Wide-Bay district, Eichmond and 
Clarence-Eiver districts, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia 
and interior district (Ramsay). 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
(Type of M. meteropte7*a.) 
h. Ad. sk. New South Wales. K. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.], 
(I Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. E. Brown, Esq. [P.]. 
2. Mcrceca assimilis. 
Microeca assimilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 172; id. B. Austr. hitr, 
p. xl; Bp. Consp. i. p. 821 • Reichenb. vog. Neuholl. p. 287; Cab. 
Mas. Hem. Th. i. p. 52; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i p. 260 j Ramsay, 
Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 182. 
Myiagra assimilis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 201. 
Muscicapa assimilis, Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4856. 


Adult male. General colour above earthy brown, the upper tail-
coverts darker sepia-brown ; wing-coverts brown, the quills brown, 
edged narrowly with lighter brown, the secondaries with dull white; 
four centre tail-feathers dark brown, the next two on each side tipped 
with white on the inner web, the white tip gradually increasing in 
size towards the outermost, which has also the outer web white ; a 
narrow frontal line of dull white drawn backwards over the forepart 
of the eye; in front of the eye a dusky spot; ear-coverts brown, with 
a slight dash of rufous ; cheeks, throat, abdomen, and under tail-
coverts white, the chest slightly shaded with light brown, the sides 
of the body more distinctly light earthy brown; axillaries pale rusty 
brown; under wing-coverts whity brown, with dusky bases; " bill 
and feet blackish brown • iris reddish brown " (Gould). Total length 
4*5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3*35, tail 2-25, tarsus 0*55. 

2 . MICBCECA. 
125 
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 4\5 inches, wing 
3*2, tail 2, tarsus 0*6. 


A specimen collected by Mr. Elsey differs slightly in having tho 
wing smaller (3 inches), and in the primary-coverts having triangular 
spots of white at the tip; the latter I believe to be remains of 
immature plumage. 


Hab. Western Australia: Gulf of Carpentaria. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Moore's River, Western Aus- J. Gould, Esq. [0.1 
tralia, Aug. 29, 1842. 
b. $ ad. sk. Near the Salt River, Western J. Gould, Esq. [0.1 
Australia, Oct. 17,1839. 
c. <$ imm. sk. N."W. Australia. 
J. R. ELsey, Esq. [P.]. 
3. Micrceca flavovirescens. 
Microaca ?flavovireseens,Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 178 (type examined); 
id. Cat B. New Guinea, p. 30, 
Microeca flavovirescens, Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 170; Salvad. Sf 
D1Albert. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 817; Sahad. op. cit. viii. 

p. 398, x. p. 134. 
Muscicapa flavovirescens, Gray, IIand4. JB. i. p. 324, no. 4858. 
Adult male. General colour above dull olive-green, a little duller 
on the head; least wing-coverts like the back, the median and 
greater series, as well as the quills, brown, externally washed with 
the same olive-green as the back; the edgings to the quills rather 
more yellow ; tail-feathers brown, with olivaceous yellow margins ; 
lores obscure dusky white; round the eye a circlet of pale yellow 
feathers; ear-coverts and sides of face generally olive-green, with 
narrow whitish shaft-lines to the former; cheeks dusky olive washed 
with yellow; under surface of body pale lemon-yellow, brighter on 


' the centre of the chest and on the abdomen, the under tail-coveits 
paler and more white; sides of the body olive-green, rather yellower 
on the flanks; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale yellow, the 
lower series greyish brown; the inner lining of the quills greyish 
brown with ashy edges along the inner webs ; " bill dusky horn-
brown, the lower mandible yellow; feet yellow ; iris black " (D'Albertis). 
Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3"15, tail 2-45, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but smaller. Total length 
6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*1, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*6. 
Hab. Aru Islands, Mysol, Waigiou, New Guinea. 


a. 8 
ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. $ ad., c. ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.*1 
d, e. Ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [C. 
f. <$ ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
V/. § ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. 
k, i. Ad. sk. Arfak Mountains^ M. Laglaize [0.]. 
N.W. New Guinea. 
126 
MTJSCICAPIDJE. 

4. Microeca flavigaster. 
Microeca flavigaster, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 132; id. B. Austr. folio, 

ii. pi. 94; Jacq. et Puck. Voy. Pole Sud, texte, iii. p. 79 ; Bp. Consp. 
I p. 321; Reichenb. Vog. NeuhoU. p. 96, no. 408 ; Gould, Kandb. JB. 
Austr. i. p. 261; Finsch, Nine-Guinea, p. 170; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, 
p. 586 ; Salvad. <§• JJ Albert. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 817; 
Sahad. op. cit. viii. p. 398; ix. p. 23; Sharpe, Jonrn. Linn. Soc. xiii. 
p. 498; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. gt. 2, p. 182. 
Gobe-mouche verdin, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. sii. 
bis,fig. 5. 
Myiagra flavigaster, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261. 
Muscicapa flavigaster, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 324, no. 4857. 
Microeca Iseta, Salvad, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 323 (type 

examined). 

Adult. Above olivaceous brown, a little more dusky on the head; 
wings rather browner than the back, the feathers narrowly margined 
with olivaceous; upper tail-coverts and tail brown, externally 
edged with olivaceous, the three outer feathers obscurely tipped 
with white on the inner web; plumes in front of the eye dull 
whitish; feathers round the eye dusky white; ear-coverts dull 
brown, with narrow hair-like shaft-lines of white; cheeks and 
throat dull white; rest of under surface yellow, paler on the under 
tail-coverts; sides of the upper breast dull brown ; lower abdomen 
and vent white ; under wing-coverts yellow; lower surface of quills 
ashy brown, with yellowish-white edgings along their inner webs; 
bill dark horn-brown in skin, paler at the base of the lower mandible 
; " bill dusky above, yellowish underneath; feet dull ashy; 
iris black; " (D'Albertis); " feet blackish grey; iris blackish brown " 
(Gould). Total length 4*6 inches, culmen 0'45, wing 2:75, tail 2, 
tarsus 0*55. 

Young. Browner, and mottled with triangular tips of dull white * 
to the feathers, very distinct on the wing-coverts (Mus. Genov.). 
Eresh moulted young birds would seem to be much yellower below 
than adults. 

Obs. Count Salvadori kindly lent me the type of his Microeca Iceta, 
but I could not separate the species from M. flavigaster. 
Hub. Northern Australia and ISTew Ghiinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Port Essington. 
J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.J. 
6. Ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New Guinea. 0. C. Stone, Esq. [CJ. 
c. Ad. sk. Port Essington. 
3. 
ALSEONAX. m_ 
Type. 
Albeonax, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 52 (1850) A. adusta. 

Range. Africa; India and Ceylon; Burmese countries, ranging 
north through China and Japan; Malayan peninsula and islands. 

3 . ALSEONAX. 
127 

Key to the tyecies. 

a. 
Upper tail-coverts like the back; quills edged 
with grey or whitish, not rufous. 
a'. Upper surface of body dusky brown or ashy 
brown, not bluish. 
a". Bill conspicuously yellow on the under 
mandible, the tip dark brown; sides of 
body white shaded with brown latirostris, p. 127. 

b". Bill dark brown, with never more than a 
slight shade of lighter colour at the base of 
the lower mandible ; sides of body entirely 
ashy brown adusfa, p. 129. 

b'. Upper surface of body dark slaty or bluibh 

grey. 
c". Larger; wing 2-45 inches: tail brown ... . comitata, p. 130. 
d". Smaller; wing 2*22 inches. 

c'". Feet and legs yellow ; upper surface dark 
bluish slate-colour epulata, p. 131. 

d'". 
Feet dark brown; upper suiface ashy 
grey, with dark brown centres to feathers 
of crown fantisimsis, p. 131. 

h. 
Upper tail-coverts rufous, contrasting with the 
back; secondaries edged with pale rufous ... . muttui, p. 132. 
1. Alseonax latirostris. 
Muscicapa grisola, var. dauurica, Pall, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 461. 
Muscicapa latirostris, Raffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 312; Salmn, Cat. 
Strickl. Coll. p. 136. 
Muscicapa poonensis, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85; Gray, Cat, Mamm. 
SfC Nepal Coll Hodgs. p. 90, 
Hemichelidon latirostris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 262; Blyth, Cat. B. 
Mus. A. S. B. p. 175; Bp. Consp. i. p. 321; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. 

B. Mus. JEJ.L Co. i. p. 137 ; Moore, P. Z. S.1854, p. 270; Swinhoe, 
Ibis, 1866, p. 57; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4864. 
Butalis terricolor, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 120; id. Cat. B. Mus. 

A. 8. B. p. 175; Bp. Consp. i. p. 318, 
Butalis latirostris, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 121; Bayard, Ann. Nat. 
Hist. 1854, xiiL p. 127; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 379; Blyth $ Wald. 

B. Burm. p. 104; Dybowsk. J.f.O. 1872, p. 447; Taezan. Bull. 
Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 168; David §* Oustal Ois. Chine, p. 123; 
Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 284. 
Muscicapa 
cinereo-alba, Temm. 8f 8chl. Faun. Japon. Aves, p. 42, 
pi. 15; Schrenk, Reis. Amivrl. p. 379; Radde, Reis. 8ibir. ii. 

p. 273. 
Alseonax latirostris, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 53; Jerd. B. Ind. i. 
p. 459; lloldsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441; Hume ty Henders. Lahore 
to Turk. p. 185, pi. v.; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 130; Hume, Str, F. 
1873, p. 219; id. Str. F. 1874, p. 475; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, 
p. 276, et 1876, p. 273; Fairb. op), ctt. p. 257 ; Hume, op. cit. p. 396; 
id. fy Damson, Str. F. 1878, p. 227. 
Alseonax terricolor, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 52, note. 
Butalis cinereo-alba, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318. 
Butalis pondiceriana, Bp. Consp. I p. 318 (ex Licht. in Mus. Berol). 
Muscicapa pondiceriana, Middend. Sibir. Reis. Vdg. p. 188. 
Hemichelidon terricolor, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4865. 
Alseonax cinereoalba, Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 276. 

128 MTJSCICAPIM1. 

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the wing-coverts 
rather darker than the back, and the greater series edged with 
rusty brown; primary-coverts sooty brown; wing-coverts dark 
brown, the secondaries edged with rusty, paler at the tips; tail 
brown, like the back; lores and a ring of feathers round the 
eye bnffy white; in front of the eye a dusky spot; ear-coverts and 
cheeks brown; throat and rest of under surface of body pure white, 
the sides of the neck, breast, and sides of body suffused with brown ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries light fawn-brown; quills dark 
brown below, light fawn-colour along the inner web; " bill black, 
the lower mandible yellowish at base; legs dark van dyke-brown ; 
iris chocolate " (A. Everett). Total length 4*8 inches, culrnen 0-45, 
wing 2-75, tail 1*95, tarsus 0*55. 

Mr. Hume observes (Str. P. 1873, p. 219):—" The colours of the 
soft parts vary somewhat. In some specimens the legs, feet, and 
upper mandible are brown, in some black, or nearly so; in all the 
gape, inside of the mouth, and lower mandible are yellow, paler and 
purer in some, more orange in others, and the tip of the lower 
mandible is always brownish." 

Young. Differs from the adult in being flammulated above, the 

feathers having large ovate spots of ochraceous buff in their centres, 

the wing-coverts and quills being edged with rufous-buff; sides of 

face light brown streaked with buff; under surface of body white, 

mottled with dusky brown edgings to the feathers ; upper tail-

coverts and edges to the tail-feathers rufous. 

Obs. Considerable variation takes place in this species, but only 
as regards the colour of the brown upper surface, which differs in 
intensity, and as regards the brown on the chest; this varies in extent, 
being sometimes broad, sometimes narrow, and occasionally 
dissolved into obscure streaks. The edges to the wing-coverts and 
quills are often rufescent, and this is probably a sign of immaturity. 
I cannot see the least reason for separating Alseonax terricolor 
of Hodgson, notwithstanding Mr. Brooks's opinion that they constitute 
distinct species; and I have had the opportunity of comparing 
with the Museum series two specimens belonging to Mr. Seebohm, 
and determined as A. terricolor by Mr. Brooks himself, to say nothing 
of a large series of the typical specimens from Nepal. 

Hal. Japan and Eastern Siberia, throughout China, the Burmese 

countries, India and Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philip


pines. 

a. Ad. sk. China, Mr. Fortune [0.]. 
b. S ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin will 
c-f. Ad.; t/jk, ?. Juv. sk. Nepal. B.II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
/t.* Ad. sk. Deccan (Sykes). Secretary of State for 
India'[P.]


/, m. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [0.]. 

n. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Purchased. 
o. Ad. sk. Tcnasserim. J. C. I). Packman, Esq. 
rp.]. 
3 . ALSEONAX. 
120 
p, q. Ad. sk. Port Blair, S. Anda- R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
mans, Feb. 1874 

(Witnberley). 

r. Ad., s. Juv. sk. Saigon, Cochin China. M. E. Pierre [P.]. 
t $ ad. sk. Java. Purchased. 
u, v. Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.l. 
w. Ad., x. Juv. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [C.l 
y. 
S ad. sk. Kuching, Sarawak, Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.J 
Oct. 8,1874. 
2. Alseonax a&usta.* 
L'OnduM, Lemill. Ok. d'Afr. iv. p. 24, pi. 150; Sundev. Crit. om 
Lemill. p. 42. 
Muscicapa undulata (nee Gm.), Bonn, et Vieill. Jfinc. Meth. ii. p. 813; 
Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 323, no. 4838j Sharpe, ed. Layard, B. S. Afr. 

p. 350. 
Butalis adusta, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 318; Bp. Consp. i. p. 318 ; Shelley, 
Ibis, 1875, p. 75. 
Muscicapa fuscula, Sundev. (Efu. K. Vei.-Akad. 1850, p. 105; Grill, 
Zool Antechi. p. 10; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 148, no. 283; Finseh # 
SarU. Vbg. Ostafr. p. 303, note; Hevyl Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 436, 
cxiii 

Alseonax"undulata, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 52. 
Butalis undulata, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. i. p. 42, no. 392. 


Adult male. Above ashy brown, the head obscurely mottled by 
the dark brown centres to some of the feathers of the crown; wings 
dark brown, the lesser and median wing-coverts edged with ashy 
brown like the back, the greater series tipped with dull white; 
primary-coverts uniform dark brown; quills dark brown, with nar


* By some authors this species has been identified as the Gobe-mouche dc 
Pisle de France of Moutbeillard, but it does not seem to me to be the same bird. 
The synonymy would be as follows:— 
G-obe-mouche de l'isle de France, Montb. Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 527Undulated 
Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syst. ii, pt. i. p. 333. 
Muscicapa undulata, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 940. 


With the following species I am unacquainted:— 

ALSEONAX MINIMA. 

Muscicapa minuta, Heugl, Syst. Uebers. p. 31. 
Muscicapa minima, Heugl. d.f. 0. 1862, p. 301; Hartl. u. Finseh, Orn. 
N.O.-Afr. p. 303, note; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 435, Taf. rviii. fig. 1. 
Muscicapa fuscula, Finseh, Tr. Z, S. vii. p. 245. 

Very small; above greyish dusky; forehead, lores, eyelids, and belly dull 
dusky white, the sides of the neck, breast, flanks, and under wing-coverts shaded 
with the same colour as the back ; quills internally towards the base dull buffy 
white; wing-coverts and tail-coverts externally margined with pale rufous; 
bill short, depressed, dusky black, bluish flesh-colour at the base; feet bluish 
black ; iris dusky. Total length 4" 3'", bill from front 3&"', wing 2" 4|m, tail 
1" 9r", tarsus 5J'". (Heuglin) 

Drb. Fmsch and Hartlaub believe that this species, is not to be distinguished 
from A. adusta, but, as Br. von Heugl in remarks, it appears to be much smaller. 
Hah. Abyssinia. 

130 
MITSCICAPID2E. 

row edgings of 
ashy brown, the secondaries margined with dull 

whitish; tail brown, with obscure undulations under certain lights, 

the feathers edged with lighter brown near the base; lores whitish, 

extending backwards above the eye, and forming an ill-defined eye


brow ; round the eye a ring of whitish feathers; fore part of cheeks 

ashy brown, mottled with whitish tips to the feathers; ear-coverts 

uniform ashy brown; throat pure white, with slight ashy mottling 

on the chin where the bases show through; breast and sides of 

body ashy brown, with a slight fulvous tinge, the chest streaked 

with fulvous, the feathers being edged with the latter colour; belly 

and under tail-coverts white; thighs brown; under wing-coverts 

light tawny buff, with ashy brown bases to the feathers; lower 

surface of the quills brown, the inner webs edged with light fulvous 

brown; "bill and legs black; iris brown" (T. L. Ai/res, MS.). 

Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2-55, tail 2-05, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Not different from the male in colour; " bill black, 
the under mandible yellowish at base; tarsi and feet dusky; iris 
dusky hazel" (F. Barratt, MS.). Total length 4*8 inches, wing 
2-m, tail 2-05, tarsus 0*65. 

Hob. South Africa. 

a. $ ad. sk. Knysna, Dec. 8, 1865 (C. J. K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Andersson). 
b. S ad. sk. Knysna,Jan,6,1866 (C.J.A.). K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
c. $ ad. sk. Knysna,Feb.7,1866(C.J"..dL). R B. Sharpe, Esq. 
d. tf ad. sk. Knysna. 
O. J. Andersson, Esq. [O.]. 
e. Ad. sk. George, Sept. 20, 1870 (H. R B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Atmore). 
f. 
g. Ad. sk. Peri Bush, near Kingwil- II. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.], 
liamstown. 
h. 
J jun. sk. Elands Post, May 29, 1873 R. B. Sharpe, Esq, 
(21 C. Atmore). 
i 
<$ ad. sk. Pine Town, Natal, June 14, R B. Sharpe, Esq. 
m§(T.L.Ayres). 

k. $ ad. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueinzins [C], 
I J ad. sk. Macamac, Nov. 28, 1874. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.]. 
3. Alseonax comitata. 
Butalis comitata, Cass. JP?\ JPhilad. Acad. 1857, p. 25; Sharpe. Ibis, 
1870, p. 479 ; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 42, no. 394. 
Muscicapa comitata, Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 26a, no. 748: Gh-ay, 
Hand4. B. i. p. 322, no. 4824. 

Adult. General colour above dark slate-colour, the wings dark 
brown, the lesser and median coverts edged with the same slaty 
grey as the back; tail brown; lores and eyelid white; in front of 
the eye a blackish spot; sides of face dark slate-colour, the ear-
coverts with whitish shaft-lines, the fore part of the cheeks slightly 
mottled with white; throat dull whitish; breast and sides of body 
dark slaty grey, the centre of the abdomen dull brownish white, the 
under tail-coverts dull whitish, ashy brown on the edges; thighs 
ashy brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries lighter slaty grey 

3. A.LSE0NAX. 
131 
than the breast, with hoary whitish edgings to the feathers; quills 
dusky brown below, edged with dull whitish along the inner webs. 
Total length 4*9 inches, oilmen 0*45, wing 2-45, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-0. 

Hab. "Western Africa, Gold Coast to Gaboon. 

a. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Du Chaillu). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Jim. sk.
d,e. Ad. sk.
/ . Jim. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Gaboon. 
Ashantee. 
Fantee (Governor Xfssher). 
Fantee (Aubinn). 
Enimill, Wassaw, March 1872(JET. F. JBUssett). 
Mr. Du Chaillu [C.]. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

4. Alseonax epulata. 
Butalis epulata, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1850, p. S2Q, et 1857, p. 35. 

Muscicapa 
epulata, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. pp. 90, 270; Cass, Pr. 
Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51; Hartl J, f. 0. 1861, t>. 169; Gray. 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4823. 

Adult. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, the head 
scarcely darker than the back ; quills dark brown, the coverts obscurely 
edged with slate-colour, with which colour the inner secondaries 
are washed; tail-feathers dark brown, edged obscurely with 
grey near the base of the outer web and with lighter brown along 
the inner one; sides of face dark slate-colour like the head, with a 
slight whitish mottling near the base of the upper mandible; in 
front of the eye a blackish shade ; sides of throat, breast, and sides 
of body dull bluish slate-colour, the throat and centre of the body 
white, as also the under tail-coverts, the latter with greyish bases ; 
edge of wing dark brown, the feathers edged with slaty; axillaries 
white with dusky bases; quills dark brown below, edged with lighter 
brown along the inner web. Total length 3*6 inches, culmen 0*4, 
wing 2*15, tail 1*5, tarsus 0*45. 

Hab. Gaboon. 

a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Mr. Du Chaillu [0.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Die Chaillu). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
5. Alseonax fantisiensis. 
Butalis epulata (nee Cass.), Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 489; id. Cat. Afr. 
B. p. 42; id. Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Hist. 1871, viii. p. 234. 
Adult. Similar to A. epulata, but with a longer wing, though narrower 
bill; legs dark brown, instead of yellowish \ colour of upper 
surface dark ashy grey, with dark-brown centres to the feathers of 
the head, producing a mottled appearance ; the colour of the upper 
surface and of the sides of the body is more of a cindery-grey than a 
dark-bluish grey as in B. epulata. Total length 4 inches, culmen 
0*4, wing 2-2, tail 1*6, tarsus 0*45. 

Young. Above dusky grey, covered with little spots of buff, deeper 
on the rump and upper tail-coverts, all these spots being margined 

132 
MtrSCICAPIDJE. 

with black ; cheeks similarly marked; wing-coverts coloured and 
spotted like the "back, but the spots much deeper, almost golden in 
colour; quills blackish, the secondaries plainly edged with buff; tail 
blackish, with little buff tips to the feathers; under surface of the body 
whitish, the flanks and under tail-coverts tinged with buff, the throat 
and breast piesenting a mottled appearance, owing to the feathers 
being narrowly edged with grey ; under wing-coverts white, varied 
with grey near the edge of the wing ; bill black, yellow at the base 
and gape ; feet dark brown. Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 0*45, 
wing 2*25, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*5. 

Hah. Western Africa, Gold-Coast districts and Gaboon. 

a. Ad. sk. 
Fantee {A, Swanzy). R. B. Shaipe, E&q. 
b. Juv. sk. Between Denkera and AshK. 
B fthaipe, Ebq. 
antee, April 20,1871 
(Aubinn). 
c. Ad. sk. Wassaw, March 1872 {H. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
F. Blmett). 
d. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Mr. Du Chaillu [C.]. 

6. Alseonax muttui. 
Butalis muttui, Layard, Ann. JSf. II. 1854, xiii. p. 127. 
Alseonax terricolor (nee Ilodqs.), Holdbio. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441 j 
Legge, Str. F. 1875, p. 366. * 
Alseonax flavipes, Legge, Str. F. 1875, p. 867. 

Adult female. General colour above ochraceous brown, duller and 
more shaded with olive on the head and neck; the upper tail-coverts 
rufous ; tail-feathers brown, narrowly edged with rutous-brown on 
the outer web and with fulvous on the inner one ; wing-coverts dark 
brown, externally ochraceous brown like the back ; greater wing-
coverts and quills dark sepia-brown, externally edged with rufous, 
the primaries only narrowly margined ; primary-coverts entirely 
sepia-brown* lores, feathers in front of the eye and round the latter 
dull white • ear-coverts and sides of face olive-brown like the head, 
the former with obscure whitish shaft-lines; cheeks light ochre-
brown, the fore part mottled with white, the malar line slightly 
darker brown, very indistinct; throat white, as well as the centre of 
the breast and abdomen; the fore neck and sides of breast light 
ochraceous brown, the flanks pale fawn-buff, as also the thighs; 
under tail-coverts whitish, shaded at their tips with fulvous; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries orange-buff or fawn-colour ; quills dull 
brown below, edged with fawn-colour along the inner webs; " bill 
blackish brown, the lower one fleshy yellow, pale brown at tip; legs 
and feet pale yellow; iris reddish brown'1 (Legge), Total length 
5*2 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*85, tail 2-25^ tarsus 0*55. 

Bab. Ceylon. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Ikkade-Barawe Fore&t, Capt. W. Vincent Legge FP.l 
Feb. 13,1877. 
4 . BATIR. 1315 
4. BATIS. 
Type. 
Batis, Boie, Isis, 1833, p. 880 B. capensis. 
Pachyprora, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent p. 24 (1872) B. eapennk 
Range, Confined to Africa. 

Key to the Species. 
Males, 


a. Flanks rufous capensis p. 133. 
b. Flanks white, mixed with black. 
a'. With a white nuchal spot. 
a". With'abroad white eyebrow encircling the 
head. 
a"r. Head black senecjalensis, p. 134. 
b"f. Head bluish grey onentalis, p. 130, 

b". With a little white line from base of bill to T r. vr 
above the eye,J 7 not encircling the head . ... \ mo™°ri P* Jf/* 

° \2Wit, p. JUJo. 
c". With no white line over the eye or encircling 
the head, the sides of which are black ... . minulla, p. 137. 
b'. With no white nuchal spot minima^ p. 139. 

Females. 

a. Flanks rufous capensis, p. 133. 
b. Flanks white, varied with black. 
a'. With a white nuchal spot. 
a". Throat white, with no spot; chest rufous. 
a'". With a 'white eyebrow encircling the 
head. 
a4. Head black senegalensis, p. 134. 
b4-. Head bluish grey orientalis, p. 136. 

V". With no white eyebrow round the head.. minulla, p. 137. 
b". Throat rufous in centre, forming a spot; chest 
rufous molitor, p. 137. 
c". Throat and breast pale orange-rufous, uniform 
priritj p. 138. 

V. With no white nuchal spot minima, p. 139. 
1. Batis capensis. 
Le Gobe-mouche du Cap de Bonne Espe*rance, JBriss. Orn. ii. p. 372, 

pi. 36. ^g. 3 ; Buff. M. Enl. v. pi. 572.fig. 1. 
Muscicapa capensis, Linn. S. iV*. i. p. 327 (ex Briss.). 
Le Molenar, Levaill Ois. d'Afr. iv.pl. 160; Simdev. Crit. om Levaill, 

p. 42. 
Muscicapa pristinaria, Vieill N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 474 (ex 
Levaill).
Saxicola thoracica, Lieht. Verz. Doubly. 32. 
Muscipeta pristinaria, Less. Traite, p. 385. _ 

Batis capensis, Boie, Isis, 1833, p. 880 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 161; 
Buckley, Bis, 1874, p. 375; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 203; Sharpe, 
ed. Lm/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 351. , 

Platysteira pristinaria, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 256; Bp. Consp. l. p. d22; 
Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 143. . 
Platysteira capensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 257; Bp. Comp. i. p.,o22 ; 
Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 59; Grill, Zool Antechi. p. 26; Gray, Haml< 

134 
HITSCICAPIDiE. 

B. i. p. 329; Ftnseh <$• Hartl Vog. Ostafr. p. 310; JSbarpe, Cat Afr* 
B. p. 44. 
Platystira thoracica, Zicht. Nomencl. p. 20. 
Platystira strepitans, Zicht t c. p. 20. 
Pacfiyprora capensis, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 24. 
Adult male. Entire head deep ashy grey, with a black line drawn 
from the forehead on each side, enclosing the eye and ear-coverts, and 
extending down on each side of the neck so as to form a border to 
the grey head ; the rest of the back olive-brown, the ramp irregularly 
mottled with white, which shows more conspicuously on the 
disarrangement of the feathers ; upper tail-coverts glossy greenish 
black, with a white tip ; least wing-coverts olive-brown like the back, 
the greater ones darker, the median and the inner greater coverts 
bright orange -rufous; quills dark brown, the inner secondaries 
tipped with white, the outer secondaries broadly edged with orange-
rufous, continuous with the coverts, which are similarly coloured; 
tail black, with a very slight greenish gloss, the feathers more or less 
broadly tipped with white, the outer feathers margined externally 
with a broad white line; entire throat and sides of neck pure white ; 
fore part of chest black, forming a very broad pectoral band, slightly 
tinged on the side with olive-brown, some of the lower feathers 
slightly margined with white; centre of belly and under tail-coverts 
white; sides of body bright orange-rufous; tibial plumes blackish. ; 
under wing-coverts white, the outermost small coverts brown ; bill 
and feet black; iris yellow. Total length 3-9 inches, culmen 0*5, 
wing 2-2, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Forehead and eyebrow whitish, but otherwise very 
similar to the male on the upper parts. Underneath white, with a 
patch of orange-rufous occupying nearly the whole of the throat; 
upper part of breast and sides of body rich orange-rufous, deepening 
into rust-colour on the pectoral band. 

Hah. South Africa. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Cape Colony. 
b. $ ad. sk. Cape Colony. Sir A. Smith [C.]. 
c. d. $ J ad. sk. Knysna, Jan. 3,1866 K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(C. J. Anderssori). 
e,f. 
(S ad., g. $ ad. sk. Near Kingwilhains- Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.]. 
town. 

A. $ ad. sk. 
Grahamstown (E. Z. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Zayard). 
i 
c? ad., h. $ juv. sk. Grahamstown (T. C. H. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Atmore). 

1. <$ ad. sk. Swellendam {Cairn- R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
cross). 
m. S ad. sk. Natal. Thomas Ayres, Esq. [C.]. 
n, o. (S $ ad. sk. Macamac, July 1874. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.]. 
2. Batis senegalensis. 
Le Gobe-mouche a poitrine rousse du Seagal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 374, 
pi. 37.fig. 2; Buff. PL JEW. v. pi. 567.fig. 1, = ^ . 
Le Gobe-mouche a poitrine noire du Senegal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. S75ypi. 38. fig. 3; Buff. PI Enl v. pi. 567.fig.% = <$. 

4 . BATIS. 135 
Muscicapa senegaiensis, Linn. 8. JV. i. p. 327, tf $ • 
Le Gobe-mouche a bandeau blanc du Senegal, Buff. Hist Nat Oi». 


p. 528, <?$. ° 
Senegal Flycatcher, cum var. A, £ A <&w. 8yn. ii. pt. i. pp. 328, 
o29. 
Platyrhynchus velatus, I?oww. et VieilL TSnc. Meth. ii. p. 385. 
Muscylvia senegaiensis, Less. Compl Buff, viii. p. 386. 
Platystira sueciucta, IAcht. Nbmencl. p. 20. 
Platystira senegaiensis, Hartl Orn. W.-Afr.y. 93; Gray, Hand-l. B. 


i. p. 329; JSeugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 447; Finsch § JIaHl Tog. 
Ostqfr. p. 317; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 480; id. Cat Afr. B. 
p. 43. 
Batis senegaiensis, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 173; id. P. Z. S.1873, p. 71 ; 
id. Sr Bowder, Bull. 8oc. Zool France, 1877, p. 479. 
Adult male. Crown of the head and nape dusky greyish black; 
forehead and eyebrow white, produced backwards so as to form a 
border to the crown, and joining on the nape, forming a conspicuous 
white nuchal spot; lores and sides of the face, including the eye and 
the ear-coverts, glossy black, extending down each side of the neck 
to the limits of the white nuchal patch; back greyish, with the 
slightest tinge of ashy brown on the interscapular region, the white 
bases to the scapulars and rump showing through and producing a 
slightly mottled appearance; upper tail-coverts glossy black ; wing-
coverts black, the median and inner greater ones broadly tipped with 
white, so as to form a conspicuous alar bar; quills brown, the secondaries 
darker and more inclining to blackish, the outer ones bordered 
with white, forming a narrow white line continuous with the alar 
bar above mentioned; tail-feathers black, obsoletely tipped with 
white, the two outermost feathers broadly bordered and tipped with 
white; under surface of body white, with a broad pectoral band of 
glossy blue-black feathers, the flanks also mottled with black; under 

wing-coverts black, the lower ones and the inner lining of the quills 
white; bill and feet black. Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0*5, 
wing 2-2, tail 1*6, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Differs from the male chiefly in having the pectoral 
band deep chestnut, instead of black ; a slight tinge of rusty colour 
is also apparent below the nuchal spot. 

Young. Immature birds generally have the wing-coverts tinged 
with rusty. Young males at first resemble the old female, and afterwards 
gradually assume the black band on the breast. A specimen 
from Casamance in the collection resembles the adult male, except in 
having the back clear brownish grey, with a decided fulvous tinge on 
the interscapular region. Another bird, still younger, in the Museum, 
is olive-brown above, darker on the head, where it is beginning 
to get black; all the black parts of the plumage are much 
tinged with brown, and the white markings obscured by a wash of 
pale rusty fulvous; the outer tail-feather is obliquely white towards 
the tip. 

Bab. Western Africa,from Senegambiato the Congo; N.E. Africa 
and Eastern Africa. 

136 
MtTSGTCAPIDiE. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. 
West Africa. L. Eraser, Esq. [C.]. 

c. Juv, sk. 
River Gambia. 
d. d imin. sk. 
Casamance, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e. <$ ad. sk. River Volta, August R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1870 (Governor Ussher). 
f. S ad. sk. Accra (J. Smith). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
V- ? ad. sk. Landana, Congo. MM. Lucan & Petit [P.]. 
K *• 6 2 ad. sk. Sennaar. Purchased. 
k. d 
ad. sk. Mombas, E. Africa R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
(Wakefield). 
3. Batis orientalis. 
Platystira print, Ma/if. Geoh 8? Zool Abyss, p. 345 j Flmch, Tr. Z. S. 
vii. p. 247. 
Platystira affinis, Finsch, Tr. Z. 8. vii. p. 315. 
Platystira orientalis, Keugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 449. 
Batis orientalis, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 165; Antin. fy Salvad. Viagg. 
Bogos, p. 75. 

Adult male. Crown of the head and back grey, more or less clear, 
but not blackish; a broad white eyebrow extending backwards till 
it joins the nape, forming a nuchal spot; sides of face from base of 
bill, enclosing the eye and the ear-coverts, black, extending on each 
side of the nuchal spot; back grey, the outer scapulars black, with 
concealed white bases, the rump also slightly mottled with white, 
where the bases to the feathers show through; upper tail-coverts 
glossy black; wing-coverts black, the median and inner greater 
coverts broadly tipped with white; quills greyish black, the primaries 
narrowly edged with whitish, the outer secondaries very broadly bordered 
with white; tail-feathers deep black, slightly tipped with 
white, the two outer ones also broadly bordered with white for nearly 
a quarter of their length ; under surface of body white, with a broad 
pectoral band of glossy blue-black, the flanks sparingly streaked with 
black; tibial plumes black; under wing-coverts black, the tips of the 
lower ones and inner linings of quills white ; bill and feet black; 
iris yellow. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0%5, wing 2*05, tail 1*65, 
tarsus 0-65. 

Adult female. Resembles the male, but has the pectoral band 
chestnut instead of black. 

Young female. Similar to the adult, but having the white eyebrow, 
the nuchal spot, and margins of the wing-coverts and quills tipped 
with rust-colour. 

Hab. North-east Africa. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Near Mag-en. Feb. 18, W. T. Blanford, Esq. fP.l 
1868. 
b. 
9 ad. sk. Aflat, Samhar, June 28, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 
1868. 
e. $ 
ad. sk, Abyssinia, on the road Colonel Sturt [P.]. 
to Magdala 
d. <$ ad. sk. Abyssin . R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
4 . BATIS. 137" 
e. Jf,yuv, 
sk. 
6 ad. j /*,£ J ad. sk. 
Waliko, July 27.18<58 (W.Jesse). 
Aclior,BogosLand 
B. B, Sharpe, Eso[. 
B. B. Sharpe, Esq, 

4. Batis minulla. 
Platystira minulla, Boeage, Jom. Lish. 1874, p. 37. 

Batia minulla, Sharpe, ed. Layard B. S. Afr. p. 350; id. § Bouvier, 
Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1870, p. 308; Boeage, Orn. Angola, p. 199, 
tab. iii. 

Adult male (type of species). Upper surface of body dark grey, 
the nape with a white patch; scapulars, lower back, and rump mottled 
with white subterminal spots to the feathers; upper tail-coverts 
and tail black, the penultimate feather narrowly edged with white, 
the outermost reetrix white on the outer web and at the tip; wings 
black, the least coverts very narrowly edged with, white, the greater 
series very Broadly tipped, especially the innermost, which are white 
for the terminal half, the inner secondaries also edged narrowly with 
white, forming a thin longitudinal line down the wing; lores whitish, 
giving the appearance of a narrow frontal line ; feathers between the 
bill and the eye as well as the sides of the face and ear-covcrts black; 
a line of black feathers drawn down the sides of the neck on each side 
of the white nuchal spot; cheeks, sides of neck, and under parts pure 
white, the sides of the body mottled with greyish black ; across the 
chest a broad band of glossy black ; thighs black; under wing-coverts 
black, tipped with white, the axillaries entirely white; bill and feet 
black; iris bright yellow. Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 0*55, 
wing 2-18, tail 1'6, tarsus 0*65. (Mu$. Lisbon.) 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but distinguished by a chestnut 
pectoral band instead of a black one. Total length 4 inches, culmen 
0-5, wing 2*05, tail 1-0, tarsus 0*65. (Mus. Lisbon.) 

Hal. Angola and the Congo district. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Iwindo, Congo. MM. Lucan and Petit [C.J. 
5. Batis molitor. 
Muscicapa molitor, 
Ilahn u. Kmte'', Vdg. aus Asien §-c. Lief. xx. 
Taf. 3. 

Platysteira print (nee V.), Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 59; Grill, Zool. 
Antechn. p. 26; Gurney, Ibis, 1860, p. 210; llartl. Orn. Madag. 

p. 45; Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 156 ; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 319; Schl. 
§• Poll. Faun. Madag. p. xiv; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 329; Finsch 
I Earth Vog. Ostafr. p. 314; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 44; Gurney, 
in Anderss. B. Bam. Ld. p. 131. 
Platystira melanoleuca, Licht Nomencl. p. 20. 
Platystira molitor, Licht. t. c. p. 20; Boeage, Jom. Lisb. 1875, 
pp. 36, 55. 

Batis molitor, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 166; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 375 ; 
Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 75; Sharpe, ed. Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 348, 
pi x. tig. 1; Bocmi Ot, Angola, p. 198. 


TOIi. iv.

138 
MTT&CICAPID-E. 

Adult male. Above dull bluish grey, the nape whitish, and the 
rump also mottled with white ; a narrow line from the base of the 
bill over the eye, running as far as the hinder part of the eye, but 
not joining the nape, white; lores, feathers above and below the eye, 
ear-covcrts, and sides of the upper neck deep black, extending down 
the back to the limit of the nuchal spot; wing-coverts and scapulars 
black, the least coverts slightly margined with whitish, the median 
and inner greater ones broadly tipped with white, forming a conspicuous 
alar bar; quills dark brown, very narrowly edged with 
whitish, the secondaries black, more broadly margined, so as to 
form a line continuous with the wing-band : upper tail-coverts and 
tail black, slightly tipped with white, the penultimate feather a little 
more broadly, the outermost altogether white on the external web; 
checks, sides of neck, and under surface of the body white, with a 
broad pectoral band of glossy black : thighs black; flanks also 
mixed with blackish ; under wing-coverts black, the lower ones and 
those along the bend of the wing white: bill and feet black; iris 
yellow. Total length 5*3 inches^ culmen 0*5, wing 2-5, tail 2*2, 
tarsus 073. 

Adult female. Above similar to male, but differing below. Under 
surface white, sides of body mixed with grey; a patch in the centre 
of the throat and a pectoral band deep chestnut. 

Young. More dingily coloured than the adults, the upper surface 
being dull ashy brown, mottled with white streaks and tips to the 
feathers; below, the rufous spot on the throat is apparent, but the 
chest-band is ashy black, mottled with rufous subtorminal spots to 
all the feathers. 

Hah. South Africa. 

a. <$ ad.; b. $ juv. sk. South Africa. R. B. Skarpe, Esq. 
c. $ ad.; cl. § juv. sk. KingwilKamstown. Lieut. Anstey [P.]. 
e, J ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown, Lieut. II. Trevelvan f P ]. 
May 21, 1877. 
/. g ad.; g,h. $ ad. sk. Eland's Post (T. C. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Atmore). 
i 5 ad. sk. Natal. Purchased. 

k. S ad. sk. BamangwatOj Aug. T. E. Bucklev, Esq. [P.l. 
23,1873. 
1} m. $ ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C."|. 

n. $ ad. sk, Shupanga, Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.]. 
o, J ad. 8k. Zambesi (Dr. Meller), R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
p. 
$ ad. sk, Ovaquenyama, Da- R, B. Sharpe, Esq. 
mara Land, May 
25, 1807 (C. J. 
Andersson). 
6. Batis pririt. 
Le Grobe-mouclie pririt, Levaill. Ois. d)Afr. iv. p. 38, pi. 1C1; Snndev. 

Crit. om Levaill. p. 43. 
Muscicapa print, Vteill. N. Diet. <PHist. Nat. xxi. p. 48G. 
Mmcipeta Senegalensis, Lew. TraiU, p. 385. 
Platjstira pririt, Gray, Gen. B. I p. 257; Bp. Cmtsp. i. p. 322. 

4 . BATIS. 
139 

Platystira affinis, Wahlb. (Efv. K Vet.-Akad. Fork Siockh. 1855, 

p. 214; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 329; JSharpe, Cat. A jr. B, p. 43: 
Gumcy in Anderss. B, Dam. Ld. p. 181; Earth Vog. Madag. 
p. 178. 
Platysteira senegalensis, Mont. P. Z. S. 1SG5, p. 95. 
Batis print, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 1G8; id. ed. Layard, B. S. Afi\ 
p. 349, pi. x. figs, 2, 3 (cS $ ); Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 199. * 
Adult male. Indistinguishable from B. molitor in colour, but a 
little smaller; "iris light lemon-yellow on the inner edge, shading 
off into greenish grey in the outer circle,J (Andemon). Wing 2- L5« 

Adult female. Above clear bluisl* grey, the rump mottled with 
white; sides of neck and nuchal spot clear orange-buff; a narrow 
superciliary line of white from the base of the bill; lores, feathers 
round the eye, ear-coverts, and sides of upper nock black; wings 
and tail as in B. molitor-, throat and entire breast clear orange-
buff; abdomen and under tail-coverts white; flanks mixed with 
blackish; thighs black; bill and feet black. Total length 3-8 
inches, oilmen 0*5, wing 2% tail 1*7, tarsus 0*7. 

Eab. South Africa. 

a, b. <$ 5 ad, sk. Damara Land, C. J. Andersson, Esq. [0.]. 

c. 2 ad. sk. South Africa. R. B. Sliarpe, Esq. 
d. $ ad. sk. Oolesberg {Ortlepp). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e,f. 
<$ ad. sk. Ovaquenyama, Damara R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Land, June 1867(0./. 

Andersson). 

g. 2 ad. sk. Otiinibinque, July 7, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
"1866 (C. J. A.), 
h i. <$ 2 ad. sk. Swakop river (C. J. A.). R. B. Sliarpe, Esq. 

h. 
P ad. sk. West of Tjobie, April 3, R. B. Sliarpe, Esq. 
1865 (ti.JT. A.). 
I 
<S ad. sk. Elephant Vley, Sept. 5, R. B. Sliarpe, Esq. 
1859 (C. J. A.), 

m. J ad. sk. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq, [0.]. 
7. Batis minima. 
Platystira minima, J. 8r FJ. Terr. Rev. et Mar/, de Zool. 1855, p. 219; 
Hard. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 95; id. J.f. 0.18Glj p. 100; Gray, IIand4. 

B. i. p. 329. 
Batis minima, SJiatpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 109. 
Adult Above cindery black, the lower back and rump slightly 
mottled with white; no perceptible nuchal spot; lores white ; sides 
of the face black like the crown; entire throat and sides of neck 
white; a broad pectoral band of cindery black, rather more ashy in 
shade; rest of under surface white, the flanks varied with greyish 
black; under wing-coverts white; wing black, the quills slightly 
inclining to brown, the median and inner greater coverts white, as 
also the margins to the inner secondaries, forming a continuous bar 
of white down the wing; tail black, the outermost feather white 
along the outer web at the tip, running round on to the inner web, 
the two next slightly tipped with white ; bill black; feet blackish 

L & 

140 
MUSCICAPIM:. 

brown ; iris yellow. Total length 3*5 inches, cnlmcn 0-45, wing 
1-85, tail 1-3, tarsus 0-5. 
Young. Similar to the adult but browner, and having a few of 
the feathers on the head and back margined with buffy white. 

Hah. West Africa; Gaboon. 
a. $ ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Yerreaux. 
b. tf juv. sk. Gaboon. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

5. DIAPHOEOPHYIA. m 
Type. 
Diaphoropliyia, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 653 (1854) D. castanea. 
Myiophila, ilartlaub, Orn. W.-Afr. p. 95 (1857) I). castanea. 
Agromyias, Heine, J.f O. 1800, p. 13-3 D. concreta. 
Stiphromyias, Heme, J.f O. I860, p. 133 I), concreta. 

Head and wing of Diaphorophyia castanea <3. 

Range. Confined to Western Africa. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Abdomen white. 
a'. Hound the hind neck a white collar; rump 
white castanea $, p. 140. 
b'. No white collar round the hind neck. 
a". Upper surface chestnut; head grey; throat 
chestnut castanea J , p. 140. 
b". 
Upper surface glossy greenish black, as also 
the throat; head uniform with the back.. blissetti <$, p. 141. 

b. 
Abdomen and entire under surface of body deep m 
orange-chestnut ' concreta, p. 142. 
1. Diaphorophyia castanea. 
Platystira castanea, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 141; Gray, Gen, B. i. 
p. 257; Allen # Thorns. Exp. Niger, ii. p. 498; Fraser, Zool Typ. 
pi. 34. fig. 2; Bp. Consp. i. p. 322. 
Platystira leucopygialis, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 142; Gray, Gen. 

B. i. p. 25; Allen Sf Thorns. Exp. Niger, ii. p. 499; Fraser, Zool. 
Typ. pi. 34. fig. 1; Bp. Consp. i. p. 322; Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, 
p. 1G3; J. Sf E. Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 309; iid. 
op. cit. 1855, p. 418; Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p 95; Cass. Pr. Philad. 
Acad. 1859, p. 50; Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. B. 
i. p. 329; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 480; id. P.Z. S. 1871, pp. 133, 
610; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 43; Reichenoiv, J.f.O. 1877, p. 22. 
Diaphorophyia leucopygialis, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 353; Bocage, 
Om. Angola, p. 201; Sharpe Sf Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool, France, 
1877, p, 479. 

Agromyias leucopygialis, Heine, J.f O. 1861, p. 133. 
Diaphorophyia castanea, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 172. 


5 . DIAPHOEOPHYIA. 
Adult male. Crown of head and nape, as far as the centre of the 
back, and wing-coverts glossy blue-black; chocks, ear-coverts, scapnlarb, 
lower back, and rump pure silky white ; quills black, white 
at the base of inner web, the secondaries very narrowly margined 
with white externally near the base; upper tail-coverts and tail 
glossy black; under surface of body entirely pure white, with a 
broad blue-black band across the breast; under wing-coverts externally 
black, the lower ones margined with white; axillary tuft 
white; bill black; feet brown; iris yellow, eye-wattle bright 
scarlet; " feet brownish lilac; eye-wattle dark lilac; iris brownish 
redv (Falhenstem). Total length 3*4 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*3, 
tail 1, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female Totally different from the male. Above chestnut, 
the rump greyish, varied with white; head bluish grey; quills 
brown, externally margined with chestnut; tail blackish; chin 
white; cheeks, throat, and breast chestnut; a little^spcTt^f white 
under the eye ; rest of under surface silky white, the flanks greyish; 
outer under wing-coverts chestnut; axillary tufts white 

Young male. Chestnut like the old female, but having the head, 
back, and chest mixed with black, indicative of the adolescent 
plumage. 

Hub. "West Africa. 
a,b- d $ ad.; c. $ jun.sk. Clarence, Fernando Po. L. Fraser, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
d,e. $ ad.; /,$. Jad.sk. Fmtee (Governor Ussher). R. B'Skarpe, Esq. 

h. S ad. &k." Fantee. R B. Skarpe, Esq. 
i. <$ juv. sk. Fantee. R B. Sharpe, Esq. 
k} I $> ad. sk. Canieroons Mountains. 11. B. Sharpe. Esq. 
Jan. & Feb. 1871 (A. 
Cros&ley). 

m. $ ad. sk. Gaboon. Purchased. 
n. 
c? ad. sk. Inner Angola (Ka- R B. Sharpe, Esq. 
milton). 
2. Diaphorophyia blissetti. 
Platystira concreta, Eartl J.f. 0.18G1, p. 109. 
Diaphorophyia blissetti, Sharpe, Ann. $ Mag. N. II (4) x. p. 451; 
id. Ibis, 1873, p. 173. 
Platystira blissetti, Reichen. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 23. 

Adult Above dark rifle-green, slightly metallic, the tail much 
brighter and more metallic, the rump-feathers white at the base, 
showing more plainly when the plumage is disarranged; wing-
coverts rifle-green, a little more metallic than the back; quills 
blackish, externally margined with metallic green, more especially 
the secondaries; throat rifle-green, slightly metallic; a tuft of 
feathers occupying the cheeks and sides of the neck bright chestnut; 
under surface of body white, the flanks streaked with greyish; under 
wing-coverts black, axillary tuft white ; " bill black; feet greyish 
violet; iris dark brown, with a fine white inner ring ; eye-wattles 
clear blue-grey " (Reiclienow). Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*6, 
wing 2*15, tail 0*95, tarsus 0*75. 

142 
MUSCICAMDiE. 

Young, Entirely grey above, the tail with a slight metallic green 
gloss; underneath white, the cheeks bright orange-rufous, and the 
fore neck washed with the same colour. 

Hab. West Africa; Gold Coast. 
«. [ $ ] ad. sk, Fantee. A. Swanzy, Eso^. [P.], 
(Type of species.) 

b. [c?] ad. sk. Wassaw, March 1872 (J5T. K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
F. Blissett). 
c, Juv. sk. Ashantee. J. Gould, Esq. 
3. Diaphorophyia concreta. 
Platystira concreta, Hartl. J.f.O. 1855, p. 360. 
Platystira (Myiophila) concreta, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 95. 
Stiphromyias concreta, Heine, J. f. O. I860, p. 133. 
Myiophila concreta, Hartl J.f.O. 1801, p. 169. 
Diaphorophyia concreta, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 174. 


Adult (type of species). General colour above dark grey with a 
greenish gloss, the wing-coverts coloured like the back; rump 
white; quills dusky brown, margined with ashy grey, lighter on 
the primaries; upper tail-coverts and tail greenish black; lores conspicuously 
white; in front of the eye a black spot, the feathers 
below the eye and the ear-coverts black, the latter with a greenish 
shade; cheeks and throat white, washed with orange ; remainder of 
under surface deep orange-chestnut, the under tail-coverts buff; 
under wing-coverts and inner lining of the quills white, the quills 
ashy below. Total length 3*6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-2, tail 
0-95, tarsus 0-65. (Mus. Lucjd.) 

Hab. Ashantee. 
Obs. I have lately examined the type of this species, and find that 
it is apparently quite a distinct species, and is not the young of 

D. blissetti, as I imagined it might prove to be when writing my 
paper on the genus in 1873. 
6. BIAS. 
_ 
Type. 
Bias, Lesson, Traits, p. 385 (1831) B. musicus. 

Bill and foot of Mas musicus. 
Range. Confined to Africa. 

1. Bias musicus. 
Platyrhynckos 
musicus, Vieill. N, Diet. cVHist. Nat. xxvii. p. 15; 
Pucher. Rev. Zool 1846, p. 136; id. Arch. Mus. vii. p. 371. 

6. BIAS. 
143 
Mouckerolle noir et Mane, Less. TraitJ, p. 25F>, 
Myiagra ilavipes, Swains. Ilouogr. Fli/e. p. 255 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 261. 
Muscicapa niusica, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 203. 
Bias miisicua, Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 92, no. 2815 Cass. Br. PJtilad. 
Acad. 1859, p. 50,-Hartl J/f 0. 1801, p. 168; Kirk, Ibis, 18<J4, 

p. 319; Finsch fy Hartl Vog. Ostafr. p. 313, tab. iii. figs. 2, 3; 
Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43; id. I\ Z. S. 1871, p. 010; Id. Ibis, 
1871, p. 188; Shelley fy Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286; Ust,her, Ibis, 
1874, p. 60; Reichen. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 25; Bonder, Cat. Ois. 
MareJie, SfC. p. 19; Sharpe, ed. Layard B. 8. Afr. p. 337 ; id. Sf 
Botmer, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. i. p. 308; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 189. 
Srnithornis musica, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 324, no, 4871. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy rifle-green, the head 
with a long crest; scapulars and the rump slightly mottled with 
white subtcrminal spots to the feather©; lesser and median wing-
coverts rifle-green like the back; the greater series and the 
secondaries black, margined externally with rifle-green ; the primaries 
black, with white bases extending in a band across both 
webs of all but the two outermost quills, 011 which this colour is 
confined to the inner web only; tail black, slightly glossed with 
rifle-green on the edges of the feathers; sides of face and of neck, 
throat, and breast glossy rifle-green; rest of under surface white, 
the flanks mottled with black, with which all the feathers are 
broadly margined; thighs black; under wing-coverts rifle-green 
like the breast; " bill black; feet yellowish grey" (lieklienow). 
Total length 6*2 inches, culmen 0'85, wing 3*35, tail 2-05, 
tarsus 0*5. 

Adidt female. General colour above chestnut, the tail entirely of 
the latter colour; all the wing-coverts chestnut like the back, as also 
the secondaries; primaries black for their leiminal half, the basal 
half chestnut; head crested, blackish; the hinder neck dusky 
blackish, mottled with chestnut, tho margins to the plumes being 
of this colour; ear-coverts black, slightly washed with chestnut; 
cheeks and under surface of body dull fawn-buff; the chin and 
lower abdomen white; the breast, flanks, under wing-coverts, and 
inner lining of the quills chestnut; the primaries blackish at tip; 
thighs chestnut. Total length 6 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*1, 
tarsus 0*5. 

Hal. West Africa and the Zambesi district in South-eastern 
Africa. 

a. J ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased. 
b. d ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased. * 
c. S ad. sk. Fantee. 
R. B. Sharpc, Esq. 
d. $ ad. sk. Fantee (Governor Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Abeokuta (H. Robin). F. Nicholson, E>q. [P.]. 
/. 
6 ad. sk. CameroonsMountains,Feb.23; R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1871 (A. Crossley). 

g. 5 ad. sk. Gaboon. 
Purchased. # 
h. cJad.sk Landana, Congo. MM. Lucan & Petit [C.l 
*. $ ad. sk. Nembao, Congo. MM. Lucan & Petit [0. J. 
k. $ ad. sk. Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [0.]. 
I, m. 4 $ ad. &t. Tete, Zambesi. Br. Kirk [C.J. 
144 MUSCICAriDJS. 

7. AETOMYIAS. Ty?e 
Artomyias, J. $ E. Verr. J.f 0.1855, p. 104 A. fuliginosa. 

Bill of Artomyias fuliginosa. 
Range. Confined to Western Africa. 


Key to the Species. 

a. Larger: above chocolate-brown; below mottled 
with dark-brown centres to the feathers fuliginosa, p. 144. 
b. Smaller: sooty black or dark brown; below uniform 
greyish brown ussheri, p. 144. 
1, Artomyias fuliginosa. (Plate III. fig. 1.) 

Artomyias fuliginosa, /. §• E. Verr. J. f O. 1855, p. 104 (March) 
Haiti. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 93; Cass. Pr. Phil Acad. 1859, p. 50 
Hartl, J.f 0.1801, p. 1GG; Bouvier, Cat Ois. 3Iarche, $c. p. 19 
SJiarpe #• Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p. 479. 

Butalis infuscatus, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1855, p. 326 (April). 
Muscicapa infuscata, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 69; Gray, Hand-l. Bt 

i. p. 324, no. 4832. 
Muscicapa fuliginosa, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4861. 
Adult. General colour above dark chocolate-brown, with slight 
rufous margins to the feathers of the back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts ; wing-coverts like the back; quills dark brown, the 
secondaries narrowly margined with lighter brown; tail dark 
brown; sides of face chocolate-brown, the cheeks indistinctly 
margined with fulvous; under surface of the body light fulvous 
brown, mottled all over with darker brown centres to the feathers, 
those of the middlo abdomen whity brown centred with darker 
brown, the flanks rather more rufous; under tail-coverts dark 
brown with a creamy-buff spot at the base, and tipped with whity 
brown ; under wing-coverts brown edged with rufous; quills dusky 
brown below, with a narrow edging of light rufous to the inner 
web. Total length b-2 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 3*2, tail 2*05, 
tarsus 0*55. 

Hah. "West Africa from Gaboon to the Congo. 

a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux, 1854. (PType 
of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux. 
2. Artomyias ussheri. (Plate III. fig. 2.) 
Artomyias ussheri, Sharpe, Ibis. 1871, p. 416, et 1872, p. 70 : Ussher, 
2&w, 1874, £. 00. 
Artomyias fuliginosa, Reichen. J.f.O. 1875, p. 22 (ncc Verr.\ 

8. PLAirSIIKA. 
145 

Adult (type of species). Sooty black; below dark ashy, whitish 
in the centre of the breast; under tail-covorts conspicuously margined 
with white; throat and lores whitish; cheeks washed with 
whitish; greater wing-coverts and quills tipped with whitish; bill 
and feet blackish, brown in skin ; " bill anil feet black; iris dark 
brown" (Iteiclienoiv). Total length 4*7inches, culincn 0*3, wing 3*1, 
tail 2, tarsus 0-5. 

Obs. The white tips to the wing-coverts seem to be a sign of 
immaturity, as the older birds are uniform, and are distinguished 
by the characters noted in the " Key." 
. Ilab. Fantee country in AVestorn Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. Abrobonko, Fantee, Jan. 14, 11. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1871 (Governor Ussher). (Typo of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Fantee (Ussher). U. B. oliarpo, Esq. 
c. d, e. Ad. sk. Fantee (Aiibinn). li. B.jSharpe, Esq. 

8. 
PLATYSTIRA. 
Type. 
Platysteira, Jard, fy Selby} 111. Orn. ii. Addenda (c. 1830).. P. cyanea. 
Mange. Confined to Africa. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
With a line of white down the wing, formed by 
the white greater coverts and the outer webs of 
some of the inner secondaries. 
a'. Throat entirely white as also the rest of the 
under surface, with a broad pectoral collar of 
glossy black. 

a". Forehead black like the crown cyanea tf, p. 145. 
b". Forehead white albifrons $, p. 147. 
b'. Throat and chest maroon • chin and rest of 
under surface white cyanea £, p. 146. 

b. 
Without any white bar on the wing. 
c\ Throat and chest glossy greenish black; chin 
and rest of under surface black peltata J , p. 147. 
d', Throat and under surface white, with a broad * 
pectoral collar of greenish black peltata $, p. 147, 

1. Platystira cyanea. 
Gobe-moucke a collier du Senegal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 870, pi. xxxvL 
fig.l($).

Gobe-mouche a gorge rousse du Senegal, Buff. PI. JSnl. v. pi. 567. 
fig. 3($). 
Muscicapa cyanea, P. L. S. Muller, S. Nat. Suppl. p. 170; Cass. Pt\ 
Phil. Acad. 1864, p. 256. 

Collared Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 330 ($). 

Muscicapa melanoptera, Gm. 8. N. i.*p. i)39, 

Platyrhynchus collaris, Halm a. Kiister, Vdc/t ans Asien, §-c. Lief. xx. 

Taf. 15 Bonn, et Vieill Enc. Meth. ii. p. 836 (?) ; Jard. Sf Selby, 

111. Orn. i. pi. ix. fig. 1 (cJ). 
146 MtTSCICAPIDJE. 

Platyrliynchus melanorhvnchus, Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 800 
(d)>

Platyrhynchus dosmaresti, Jarcl # Selby, III. Orn. i. pi. ix. ftg. 2 

Platystira collaris, Jard. 8f Selby, III. Orn. ii. Addenda. 

Platystira desrnaresti, iid. I. c. 

Platystira lobata, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 49; id. Monogr. Fly


catchers, p. 187, pi. xxii. ( 2 ) ; Jwd-Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 8. 

Platystira melanoptera, Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. pp. 93, 272; Cass. Pr. 

Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 50; Hartl J. f. 0. 1801, p. 169; Finsch, 

J.f. 0.1869, p. 335 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1809, p. 189,- id P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. '567; Shelley $• Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 287 ,• Bocage, Orn. Angola, 
p. 195. 
Platystira cyanea, GOv??/, Hand-l B. i. p. 329; Sliarpe, Cat. Afr. B. 
p. 44; id.P.Z.S. 1871, p. 610,- «& Jta, 1873, p. 158; Sharpe 
8f Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1870, p. 45; Ileichenow, J.f.O. 
1877, p. 22. 
Adult male. Upper surface deep glossy blue-black, with a very 
slight greenish shade, inclining to grey on the rump, where the 
feathers are long and fluffy; the nape indistinctly mottled with 
whitish, only seen on disarranging the feathers ; wing-coverts glossy 
black like the back, the median ones white, forming a distinct bar 
across the wing; quills greyish black, the primaries outwardly 
margined with a narrow whitish line, broader and more conspicuous 
on the outer secondaries, whence it is continuous with the alar bar 
described above, the inner secondaries glossed with dark green, one 
or two of the longer ones just tipped with whitish; upper tail-
coverts and tail-feathers glossed with dark rifle-green above, blackish 
below, all the feathers tipped with white, becoming broader on the 
outer rectrices, and forming a conspicuous lateral border on the 
outermost ones ; sides of the face like the upper surface of the bod}-; 
cheeks and entire under surface of the body pure white, with a 
conspicuous band of blue-black across the breast, the Hank-feathers 
long and silky; tibial plumes black, tipped with white; under 
wing-coverts as well as the bases of the primaries white, the small 
outer-coverts glossy blue-black, with a little spot of white below 
the carpal bend of the wing; bill black; feet (in skin) blackish; 
wattle over the eye semicircular in form and bright scarlet in life. 
Total length 4*8 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 2*5, tail 2, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Above dusky cinereous, with a slight gloss of 
greenish, the rump lighter; quills and tail as in the male, the white 
edgings very broad and conspicuous ; chin white; throat and breast 
deep maroon, bordered below with a narrow band of glossy black; 
rest of the under surface white; under wing-coverts white, and the 
wing-lining a little lighter than in the male; eye-wattle a little 
paler than in the male. 

Young male. Eesembles the old female in the colour of the upper 
parts and in having more or loss maroon on the throat. As this gradually 
disappears the black pectoral band makes its appearance; thus 
specimens are met with in every change of plumage as regards the 
amount of rufous on the throat. Immature birds, however, may 

8. PLATYSTlRi.
always be told by the fulvous edgings to the wings and wing-coverts; 
the underparts are dusky white, the Hanks conspicuously groyish. 
Hah. "Western Africa. 

a, $ ad. sk. 
River Gambia. 

b. j ad.; c, d. Juv. sk. 
River Gambia. It. B. Sliarpe, Esq. 
e. S ad. sk. River Gambia (Layard). R. E. Sliarpe, Esq. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Sierra Leone (X. Fraser). R. E. Sliarpe, Esq. 
g. 6 ad. j k tf juv. sk. Fantee. R. E. Sharpe, Esq. 
i. 6 ad.sk. Gape Coast (II.F.BlisseM). R. E. Sliarpe, Esq. 
&• ? ad. sk. Elrmna, May 1872 (II. F. R. E. Sliarpe, Esq. 
Blissett). 
2 juv. sk. 
Yancoomoaaie (IT.F.Ms- R. E. Sharpe, Esq. 
sett). 

m. 
$ ad. sk. Connor's Hill, Capo Coast, R. E. Sharpe, Esq. 
Nov. 12th, 1870 (6Wrnor 
Ussher). 

n. 
$ ad. sk. Sweet River, Eantee, R. E. Sharpe, Esq. 
Dec. 80, 1870 (Governor 
Ussher). 
o,p. 
& $ ad.; q. Juv.sk. Abeokuta (R. Robin). F. NiehoUn, Esq, 
[P.]. 

r, s. <$ ad., 2 juv. sk. 
Cameroons (A. Crosshy). R. E. Sharpe, Esq. 

2. Platystira albifrons. 
Platystira melanoptera, Shaiye, P. Z, 8.1809, p. 566 (nee Gm.). 
Platystira albifrons, Sharpe, Ibis, 1878, p. 159 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, 

p. 196. 
Adult male. Similar to P. cyanea, but distinguished by a white 
line across the forehead. Total length 4*8 inches, culmen 0-0, 
wing 2*3, tail 2, tarsus 0*75. 

Bab. Angola. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
River Loge, Angola. 
River Loge, 
J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
J. J. Monteiro, Esq, [C.]. 

3. Platystira peltata. 
Platystira peltata, Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. Stockh. 1850, 
p. 105; Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 142; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 329 ; 
Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 160, pi. iv. figs. 2, 3; id. ed. Layard B. 8. 
Afr. p. 345, no. 333. 
Adult male. Above rifle-green, the lower back and rump rather 
more greyish; wing-coverts rifle-green like the back; quills blackish, 
the primaries margined with grey, the secondaries with rifle-green ; 
tail black, glossed with greenish above and just tipped with white; 
sides of face and pectoral band rifle-green; rest of under surface 
white, the flanks shaded with greyish; axillary tuft rifle-green; under 
wing-coverts white, the edge of the wing rifle-green; eye-wattle 
scarlet; bill black; iris yellow. Total length 4*9 inches, culmen 
0-6, wing 2*55, tail 2*2, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but more grey on the back; 

148 MUSCICAriDJK. 
the entire throat and upper breast dark riflo-groen, the chin and, a 

spot on the fore part of the cheeks white. 
Hob. South-eastern Africa. 
a,b. [ d ? ] ad. sk. Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.]. 
9. NEWTONIA. 
Newtonia, Schlegel fy Pollen, Faun. Madag. p. 101(1868) 
Type. 
N. brunneicauda. 

Wing of Newtonia bnmneicauda. 

Range. Confined to Madagascar. 

1. Newtonia brunneicauda. 
Ervthrosterna brunneicauda, A. Newton, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 180; E. 
Newton, Ibis, 1863, p. 347. 

Newtonia brunneicauda, Schl P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422; Schl. $ Poll. 
Faun. Madag. p. 101, pi. 18. fig. 3; Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1867, p. 385; tiharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 392; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 42, 
no. 396; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 170; Collctt, Christ. Vid.-Selsk. 
Forhandl, 1877, p. 6. 

Pratincola arborea, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3280 (ex Pollen, 

MSS.). 
Muscicapa brunneicauda, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4846. 
Saxicola arborea, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 392, footnote. 

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the wing-coverts 
uniform with the back; primary-coverts dark brown; quills dark 
brown, the feathers edged with light brown; tail ashy brown, the 
centre feathers greyer; lores ashy whitish ; sides of face and ear-
coverts ashy brown like the back, the ear-coverts with whitish shaft-
lines ; under surface of body white; the lower throat, chest, and 
flanks pale fulvous, deeper on the latter, which are also shaded with 
ashy brown internally; under wing-coverts and axlllaries light buff, 
with which colour the quills are edged along the inner web; " iris 
yellowish white, tarsus greyish slate-colour" (Granclidier). Total 
length 4-1 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*15, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*75. 

Bab. Madagascar. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Madagascar. 
Madagascar. 
Madagascar. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Sir Andrew Smith [P.]. 

10 . MXTSCICAPA. 
149 

10. MUSCICAPA * rp 
rv ,,. Type. 
Muscicapa, Linn. S. N. I p. 324 (17G6) M. grisola. 
Butalisj Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 M. Svisola. 

* 
The following species I have not been able to determine :~~ 
MUSCICAPA RIISI. 
Muscicapa riisi, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 96; Gray, Eand4. B. i. p. 322 
no. 4826. r ' 

Above brownish olive, the head and nape more inclining to dull ashy; tail 
brownish rufous; upper tail-coverts brownish rufous; shafts of the tail-feathers 
below buffy white; under surface of body bright pale buffy rufous; centre of 
the abdomen white; under wing-coverts buff, quills dusky; bill rather long, 
slightly depressed ; feet lead-colour ; vibrissa long. Total length bV' bill 51'" 
wing 2" 10J'", tail 2" 4'", tarsus 10m. (Hartkmb.) 

Hab. Aguapim districts of the G-old Coast. 

MUSCTCAPA MADAGASCARIEN&IS. 

Muscicapa madagascariensis, Grandid. Bev. Zool 1S67, pp 86 255* Gray 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4819. ' 

A species named by M. Grandidier, when travelling in Madagascar, as a supposed 
new birdt but afterwards suppressed by him. What the species waB really 
synonymous with, has never been stated. 


The following five species were described by Scopoli from the descriptions in 
$onnerat\s Voyage .and from Buffon, and have not since been identified. (Cf. 
Twfjddak, I <?.) 

MUSCICAPA CJERULEOCEPIIALA. 
Le G-obe-mouche a tete bleuatre de l'isle de Luc^on, Sonn. Voy. Now. Gum. 

p. 57, pi. 26. no. 1. 
Muscicapa cseruleoeephala, Scop. Del. Faun, et Flor. Insubr. p. 95, no. 106 
(ex Sonn.); Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 184. 
Muscicapa cyanocephala, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 943, no. G5 (ex Sonn.); v. Martens, 

J.f. 0. 1866, p. 11. 
MUSCICAPA LUZONIENSIS. 

Le G-obe-mouebe noir de l'isle de Luc, on, Sonn. Voy. Nouv. Guin. p. 59, pi. 27. 
fig-2.

Muscicapa tessacourbe, Scop. Del, Faun, et Ftor. Insubr. p. 95, no. 108 (ex 
So?2/l). 
Muscicapa luzoniensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 942, no. 62 (ex Sonn.); Wolden, Tr. 

Z. S. ix. p. 184. 
MUSCICAPA MACRURA. 
Le Grobe-mouche a tete bleue de l'isle de Lucon, Sonn. Voy. Nouv. Guin. 

p. 58, pi. 27. %. 1. 
Muscicapa macroura, Scop. Bel Faun, et Flor. Insubr. p. 95, no. 107; 
Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 184. 

MU&CIOAPA PIIILIPPINENSIS. 
Le Moueherolle des Philippines, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. iv. p. 565. 
Muscicapa philippinensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 943, no. 63; v. Martens, J. f. O. 

1860, p. 11, no. 34; Walden, Tr. Z. S. is. p. 184. 

MUSCICAPA MANILLENSIS. 

Le Grobe-mouche a gorge jaune de l'isle de Lucon, Sown. Voy. Nouv. Guin. 

Muscicapa mardUonsis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 043, no. 66 (ex Sonn.); Walden, Tr. 

Z. S. ix. p. 184. 
150 
MTJSOICAPIlLTS. 

Erythredema, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. and K Amer. Typo. 

p. 25 (1838) M. parva. 
Synornis, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 20 M. albicilla. 
liedymela, Sundev. Utfv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. StocJth. 
1840, p. 225 M. atricapilla. 
Fieedula, Sundev. Ai\ Meth. Tent. p. 23 (1872, ex Briss.). M. atricapilla. 

Bill of Muscicapa grisola. 

Range. Throughout Europe, Africa, aud Asia, extending south, 
into the Molucca Islands, but not entering on the Australian region 
proper. 

Key 
to tlie Species. 

a. 
With no white bar on the wing, and with no white 
at baso of tail. 
a'. Breast white, with brown streaks; under wing-
coverts and axillaries fawn-coloured. 
a". Ashy brown above, the forehead perceptibly 
lighter than the rest of the upper surface, and 
hoary whitish in colour; the head distinctly 

mottled with streaks of darker brown grisola, p. 151. 

b". Dark brown above, of a chocolate-colour, the 
head obscurely mottled with scarcely perceptible 
darker centres to the feathers, the 
crown not lighter than the rest of the upper 
surface griseisticta, p. 153. 

b\ Breast uniform, without streaks. 

c". General colour above brown, ashy grey, or 
slate-colour: size large• wing 2'85 to 3*1 
inches. 

a'". 
Bill horn-brown, the base of the lower 
mandible yellowish white. 
a4. Under wing-coverts and axillaries brown, 
upper surface brown aquatica, p. 154. 

bK Under wing-coverts ashy, axillaries « ccerule8mi. p . i54 # 
white; general colour above bluish .. j ci7ierascmsl £ i55 < 
b,n . Bill entirely horn-black, with no white 
base to the lower mandible. 
e\ Under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy 

grey; upper surface light ashy grey .. lugens, p. 155. 
d*. Under wing-coverts and axillaries wliite; 
upper surface dark slaty grey modesta, p. 15G. 
d", Size small; wing 2*7 inches: colour olive-
brown ; upper tail-coverts ochraceous brown sordida, p. 156. 

b. With a white bar down the wing • no white at base 
of tail; colour black above. 
c'. No white collar round the hind neck atricapilla^ p. 157. 
df. With a broad white collar round the hind neck collaris, p. 160. 

c. 
With no white bar on the wing; base of tail white; 
throat orange-rufous or orange. 
10 . MUSCICAPA. 
151 

e'. Orange of throat confined to the throat and fore 

neck, not extending onto the breast; no black 

on sides of throat 
parva, p. 101. 

/'. Orange of throat confined strictly to the throat, 

the fore neck grey right across, separating the 

red throat from the whitish "breast and abdo


men ; no black on sides of throat albicilla, p. 102. 

g\ Throat and breast deep orange-rufous ; sides of 

throat black 
hyperythra, p. 103. 

1. Muscicapa grisoia, 
Le Gohe-moucke, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 357, pi. xxxv.fig. 3; Daubent. PI 
Enl v. pi. 505.fig. 1. 

Muscicapa grisola, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 328; Temm. Man. i. p. 152 ; 
Namn. Voy. Deutschl ii. p. 216, Tai. 64.fig. 1; Pour, Orn. Prov. 
pi. 149 ; Wernerf Atlas, Insectivm es, pi. 7 ; Brehm, Voq. Deutschl 

p. 222 • Keys, it. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 195; MacgilL Brit. B. iii. 
p. 518 ; Yarr. Brit. B. i. p. 1G4; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2G2 ; Schl. u. 
Susem. Voy. JEktr.TaS. 19; Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi, 65; Sold. Voy. 
Nederl pi. 115; Sundev. Sv. Foyl pi. xvii. fig. 1; Ilartl. Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 97; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51; Linderm. Voy. 
Griech. p. 110; Rartl.J.f.O. 1861, p. 169; Schl Voy. van Nederl. 
pi. 11. fig. 1; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 148, no. 281 j Gray, RamU B. 
i. p. 321, no. 4811 ; Fmsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 245; Finsch % Ilartl 
Voq. Ostafr. p. 300; Heuql Orn. NO.-Afr. i. p. 439; Shelley, B. 
Egypt, p. 118; Newt. ed. Yarr. Brit B. I p. 220; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 71; Severtz. Ttirlest. Jevotn. p. 67; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, 
p. 188; id. B. Europe, pt. xlv.; Blanf. East Persia, p. 143; Adam, 
Str. F. 1873, p. 377. 
Butalis grisola, 
Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. 
Bussie Merid. iii. p. 199; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 175; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 317; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 52; Fritscli, Voy. Eur. 
tab. 24. fig. 4; Jaub. et Barth. Lap. Rick Orn. p. 195; Deyl. et 
Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 583; Loche, Expl Sci. AlgSr. Ois. ii, p. 61 ; 
JDoderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 141; Bettoni, Ucc. Lombard, tav. 69; Sahad. 
TJcc. Ital. p. 57; Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii. pi, 19; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. 

p. 42, no. 391; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 70; Gurney, in Anderss. B. Dam. 
Ld. p. 129; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 102; Hume § Renders. Lahore to 
Yark. p. 185 ; Rume, Str. F. 1875, p. 467, et 1876, p. 225 ; Butler, 
t. c. p. 220 ; Rume, Str. F. 1877, p. 495; Sharpe et Bonder, Bull 
Soc. Zool France, 1877, p. 479. 
Butalis montana, Brehm, Vbg. Deutschl p. 221. 
Butalis pinetomm, Brehm, t c. p. 221. 
Butalis africana, Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. QB2. 
Muscicapa africana, Gray, Rand-l B. i. p. 321, no. 4812. 


Nestling. General colour above mottled, the feathers being yellowish 
buff edged with blackish brown; wings dark brown, the 
coverts spotted with buff in the centre, the greater series and the 
secondaries rather broadly edged with fulvous -brown; lores and 
feathers over the eye fulvescent; sides of face brown, with yellowish-
buff centres to the feathers ; under surface white, the 
feathers of the breast with brown edgings, producing a mottled 
appearance. 

Tho young birds appear to gain their full plumage before leaving 

152 
MUSCICAPIDiE. 

Elirope, as a specimen killed in August has nearly completed Lis 
adult dress, only a few remains of mottled plumage being apparent. 
The young, when their feathers are fully moulted, do not appear to 
differ in any way from the adults. The distinctness of the stripes 
on the breast is a character that varies a good deal, and some specimens 
are more rufescent in colour than others ; these may be the 
newly moulted birds. 

Adult. General colour brown, the forehead and crown of the head 
broadly streaked with dark-brown centres'to the feathers; wing-
coverts brown, with whity-brown edges to the wing-coverts and 
secondaries; the primaries and primary-coverts dark brown, narrowly 
margined with paler brown ; tail dark brown, with lighter brown 
edges to tbe feathers; lores and feathers in front of the eye dull 
whitish; round the eye a ring of bufTy whitish feathers ; ear-coverts 
brown; cheeks dull white, longitudinally streaked with light brown, 
broader on the sides of the throat, and forming an ill-defined malar 
streak; rest of under surface of body dull white, purer on the centre 
of the abdomen, the chest shaded with light brown and narrowly 
streaked with darker brown, these streaks becoming nearly obsolete 
on the lower breast and flanks, the latter being more uniform like 
the sides of the breast; thighs light brown ; under tail-coverts white ; 
under wing-coverts orange-brown, shaded with darker brown in the 
centre of the feathers; quills ashy brown below, dull buffy white 
along the inner webs ; bill brown, paler at base of lower mandible; 
feet black ; iris dusky brown. Total length 5-4 inches, culmen 0*55, 
wing 3-4, tail 2*45, tarsus 0*6. 

Hah. The whole of Europe in summer, ranging in winter into 
Southern Africa and North-western India. 

a. Pull. sk. England. J. Gould, Esq. [0.1. 
b,c. <$ § ad. sk. Cambridgeshire. Mr. J. Baker rC.]. 
d. J juv. st. Cambridgeshire. Mr. J. Baker [0.1. 
e, f. tul l st. Cambridgeshire. Mr. J. Baker [0.]. 
gl Pull. sk. Belgium. Brussels Museum [C.]. 
/*. Ad. sk. Tunis. L. Eraser, Esq [C.l 
i $ ad. sk. AH Beg Keuy, Turkey ( W. K B. Skarpe, Esq. [P.]. 
Pecwce). 

h. S ad. sk. Banias, Palestine. Canon Tristram [C.l 
I. $ ad. sk. Shiraz, Persia, July 1870. Capt. St. John [C.l. 
m. <S ad. sk. Ispahan, July 10, 1872. W.T.Blanford,Esq.[C.l 
n, 
2 ad. sk. Saisan, Turkestan, May 30, Dr. Otto Finsch [C.j. 
1870. 

o. Ad. sk. Kajkote, Kattiawar, Sept. Major Hayes Lloyd [P.J. 
14, 1871. 
p. q. Ad. sk. •Egypt- 
Old Collection. 
r. Ad. sk. 
Zoulla, June 13,1868 (7F. R. B. Sharps, Esq. 

Jesse).
s} t. Ad, sk. Connor's Hill, Cape Coast E. B. Skarpe, Esq. 
(Gov. Ussher). 

u. Ad. sk. FaixteQ (Gov. Ussher). R. B. Skarpe, Esq. 
v. Ad. sk. Abeokuta (II Rohm). F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.l 
w. Ad. sk. Mombas, E.Africa (Wake-It. B. Skarpe, Esq. [Pi]. 
Jteld). 
10 . MUSUIC\1»A. 
153 

a\y. (S ad.; z, Jin, sk. Ondonga, Ovampo II. B. Sharpe, K-q. [P.]. 
Land, Nov. 1800 

{C. J*, uluderssim)* 
u\ <$ ad. sk. Elephant Viey, Da- R. B. Hharpe, Esq. [I*. j . 
mara Land, Oct. 19, 
1859(6'./. J.). 

ft'. $ ad. sk. Knetown, Natal, Feb. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.l. 

4,187o(T.L.Ayres). 
e'. Ad. sk. Natal. * Dr. Gueinzius [0.]. 

2. Muscicapa griseistlcta. 
Butalis manillensis, Bp. C. P. xxxviii. p. (552 {nee Muscicapa manillensis, 
Gm. ex Bonn, j nee Vieill. N, Diet. xxi. p. 470, extionnerat), 
Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 06, ix. p. 183; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Hoc. 
new series, i. p. 320; Tweedcl P. Z. S. 1877, p. 094. 

Hemichelidon fuliginosa, tiicuih. Ibis, 1860, p. 57 {uec llodys,). 
Hemichelidon griseosticta, JSzoink. Ihis, 1861, p. SCO. 
Butalis kypograrumica, Wallace, Ibis, 1862, p. 350; Walden, Tr, Z. S. 


vii. p. 66. 
Butalis griseosticta, Swinh, P. Z, 8.1863, p. 288,1866, p. 131,1871, 
p. 379; David fy Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 122. 
Muscicapa hypogramniica, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4814. 
Adult. Above brown, tlie bead slightly mottled with darker centres 
to the feathers ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series 
with light ends to the feathers ; primary-coverts and primaries dark 
brown, lighter on the edges of the feathers, the secondaries decidedly 
paler on the margins ; tail brown; ear-coverts brown like the head; 
lores white; cheeks also brown, mottled with white bases to the 
feathers; throat white, mottled with brown edges to the feathers, 
especially along the monstachial line; breast and sides of body 
brown, the former with white edges to the feathers, imparting a 
streaked appearance; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; thighs 
white, with brown bases • under wing-coverts fulvous-brown, with 
ashy bases to the feathers ; quills brown, more ashy along the inner 
webs; " iris brown; bill brown, with a little yellow at the base of 
the lower mandible ; feet brown " {David). Total length 5*3 inches, 
culmen 0*5, wing 3*25, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*5. 

Obs. Specimens differ in the distinctness of the markings on the 
under surface, which is more striped with brown in some examples 
than in others. 
Eab. China, ranging southwards to the Philippines and the Mo


luccas. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. d, e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk. 
Formosa. 
Philippine Islands. 
Morty Island. 
E. Ceram. 
Ceram. 
R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 
Hugh Cuming, Esq. [0.1. 
A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.\ 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Type of B. hypogrammica.) 


VOL. IV. 

 MCWir'AlMD-IC, 

3. Muscicapa aqrtatica. 
Muscicapa aviation, Ilewjl J.f. 0.1804, p. 250 ; ^» ^^" f »|' 
l>: 322, no. 4830; Heitgl Orn. N.O.-Afr. l. p. 430, Taf. xvm. 
%. 2. 

,h*W >W<» (Wnu, January 1804, Ileuylm). General colour above 
ashy brown, tlio wiiigH rather darker brown, with edgings of paler 
brown to the greater coverts and the secondaries ; tail dull brown; 
in front of the eye a spot of dubky white ; eyelids and sides of face 
ashy brown, with a blight reddish tinge ; throat white, the lateral 
foafhort. slightly wahhod with pale brown ; breast and sides of the 
body and under tail-coverts very pale ashy brown, the centre of the 
abdomen and vent whiter; thighs brown; under wing-coverts dull 
brown, with lighter margins ; quills dull brown below, with lighter 
brown margins to the inner webs; " bill and feet black, the lower 
mandible pale yellowish; iris dusky '*' (Ileuglin). Total length 
5-1 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-65, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-55. (Mus. 
LugcL) 

Adult female. Not to be distinguished from the male (ffetigizn). 
Hub. Gazelle River, NJE. Africa; Senegambia. 

u. Ad. sk. River Gambia, R. B. Sharpe, Esq, 
4. Muscicapa caerulescens. 
Butalia, sp., Sclater, P. Z. S.1864, p. 109. 
Butalis casrulescens, Ilartl. Ibis, 1865, p. 268. 
Muscicapa coerulescens, Layard, B. 8. Afi\ p. 148, no. 282; Gray, 


Ifand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4813 j Finsch # Hartl.og. Ostafr. 

p. 80S. 
Muscicapa modesta, Bocage, Jorii. Zisb. ii, p. 43 (nee Hartl.*). 
Muscicapa einereola, Mnseh $ Hartl.lig. Ostafr. p. 302, Taf. iv. 
tig. 1 (type examined) j Ileugl Orn. K O.-Afr. i p. 43 ; JBocage, 
Jom. Lwb. ii. p. 343, v. p. 2 i • id. Orn. Angola, p. 202. 

Adult male. General colour above dull blue-grey, the forehead and 
crown obscurely streaked with dark brown down the centre of the 
feathers ; wing-coverts grey like the back; quills dark brown, externally 
edged with grey, inclining to white on the extreme edge of 
the primaries, and more distinct on the secondaries, which are otherwise 
entirely grey; tail ashy brown, with a very slight edging of 
white at the tip ; from the base of the bill a line of buffy white extending 
above the fore part of the eye; in front of the latter a blackish 
spot; above and below the eye a spot of white, forming a tolerably 
distinct superciliary mark, the spot below the eye larger and better 
defined ; ear-coverts dull grey, with indistinct whitish shaft-lines ; 
cheeks greyish, slightly mottled with whitish tips to the feathers ; 
under surface of body dull grey, the throat and centre of the abdomen 
purer white; under tail-coverts abhy, with whitish tips ; thighs 
greyish externally, dull white internally ; under wing-coverts ashy 
whitish ; quills below dark brown, the inner webs whitish towards 

10 . MUSCICAPA. 
io,"> 
their base; bill and feet black; iris dark brown. Total length 
5-3 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-95, tail 245, tarsus 0-7. 
Hah. East Africa, Southern and South-western Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. Natal. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueinzius [O.]. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Natal (T. Ayres). J. II. Gtorney, Esq. [P.], 
(Type of spocies.) 
d. Ad. sk. Ombongo, Damara Land, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
June 22, 1859 (C. J. 
Andersson). 

Subsp. a. Muscicapa cinerascens. 

Adult. Similar to M. mrulescens, but more ashy grey and not so 
blue, especially on the sides of the face and breast; differing from 
the last-named species in being duller coloured, and in having a 
longer and rather thinner bill; bill horn-brown, with the base of tho 
lower mandible lighter yellowish. Total length 5*6 inches, culmen 
0*5, wing 2*8, tail 2*2, tarsus 0*65. 

Eab. Gold Coast. 

a. Ad. sk. Fantee {Governor Ussher). R B. Sharpe, Esq. 
5. 
Mnscicapa lugens. 
Butalis lugens, Earth P. Z 8, 1860, p. 110- id. J. f. O. 1861, 

p. 169. 
Muscicapa 
lugens, Gray, Eand-l. B. i. p. 821, no. 4817; Flmch § 
Eartl Voff. Ostqfr. p. 302; ReicJim. J.f.O. 1875, p. 22 • Socage, 
Orn. Angola, p. 203. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above uniform blue-grey, 
the forehead and crown slightly mottled with blackish centres to tho 
feathers, the upper tail-coverts browner with blue-grey margins; 
wings black, the wing-coverts broadly edged with blue-grey, the 
secondaries with ashy grey, paler at the tips of the feathers; primary-
coverts and primaries uniform blackish brown; tail-feathers datk 
brown, edged with grey near the base, and very slightly tipped with 
white ; lores ashy whitish• feathers in front of the eye dusky • cheeks 
and ear-coverts dusky grey, the latter slightly streaked with whitish * 
throat whitish.; sides of neck, breast, and sides of body ashy grey, 
the belly and under tail-coverts white ; thighs grey; under wing-
coverts ashy grey, the wing-coverts whitish at tip; quills ashy below, 
with bro wn edgings along the inner webs; bill dark brown, the lower 
mandible lighter. Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*85, 
tail 2-35, tarsus 0*55. 

Obs. In 1859 the late Mr. Cassin noticed a species of Flycatcher 
from the Gamma, but was unable to determine it. This he did, no 
doubt, advisedly, knowing the difficulty in identifying the species of 
this genus; but Mr. Heine, without ever seeing the bird, gave a name 

M 2 

156 
MtrscrrAPiD-i:. 

to it fiom the description of Mr. Ca&sin*. The latter is copied out 
below, and 1 am unable to identify the species; the black bill suggests 
the probability of its being the same as M. litr/ens, but then the 
under wing-coverts are described as " ashy white," which is like 21. 
c milescens. The type will have to be re-examined, as the description 
is vague. 

Hcib. West Africa. 

a. Ad, sk. Bernbe, Angola. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.l. 
(Type of species ) 
b,c. Ad.sk. Elobe district, Gaboon. Ilemy Ansell, Esq. [P.]. 

0. ITixscicapa modesta. 
Muscicapa modesta, Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 9G,- Gray, Hand-l, B. i. 
p. 322, no. 4827. 
Adult. Upper surface dark slaty grey, the tail uniform with the 
back, the wing-feathers dark brown, externally slaty grey like the 
back, the primaries margined with hoary grey ; in front of the eye 
a conspicuous white spot; under surface o£ body white, the bases to 
the feathers greyish; sides of breast and flanks grey; under wing-

coverts white, the feathers grey at base; quills ashy brown below, 
white along the inner web; thighs white, with dusky grey bases. 
Total length 5*3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*1, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*7. 

Bab. Gaboon. 

a. Ad. sk.f Biver Danger, G-aboon, Henry Ansell, Esq. [P.]. 
7. Muscicapa sordida. 
Erythrosterna 
sordida, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B xliii. p. 158; 
'Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 392. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above olive-brown, with a 
greenish tinge, rather yellower on the lower rump, and inclining to 
ochraceous brown on the upper tail-coverts ; least and median wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series dark brown edged with 
olive and narrowly tipped with whitish ; primary-coverts and quills 

* 
MUSCICAPA CASSINI. 
Muflcicapa, sp., Cass. Pr. JPhilad. Acad. 1859, p. 51. 
Muscicapa cassini, Heine, J.f. 0. I860* p. 428; Marti J.f. 0.1861, p. 170 ; 
Gray, Eand-l. B i. p. 322, no. 4829. 

Adult male. Upper parts clear bluish ashy, lighter on the rump, and with, 
longitudinal lines of brownish black on the head; throat and abdomen white; 
breast pale ashy* nearly the same as the back, the under wing-coverts ashy 
white, the quills and tail brownish black; an obscure line of ashy white in front 
of the eye; bill and feet black. 

Young male. Upper parts cinereous, many feathers with large terminal spots 
of dull yellowish; under parts dull white, with spots and edgings of brownish 
black; tail black, narrowly tipped with white. Total length about 5 inches, 
wing 2|, tail 2J-. (Cassin.) 

Had. Cainrna River, Gaboon. •> » ' 

f 
In bad condition. 

10 . MUSCICAPA. 
157 

dark brown edged with olive, inclining to ochraceous on the inner 
secondaries; tail ashy brown, strongly washed with olive on the 
outer webs; lores and a distinct ring round the eye dull whitish; 
ear-coverts and sides of face olive-brown, with distinct shaft-linos 
of buffy white; cheeks and under surface of body ashy, strongly 
washed with olive, and with an ochraceous tinge on the fore neck, 
sides of breast, and flanks; thighs ashy brown; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries pale yellowish buff; quills ashy brown below, yellowish 
buff along the inner webs. Total length 4*6 inches, culmen 
0-4, wing 2*7, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-65. (Mm. Godiuin-Austen.) 

Hab. Naga Hills. 

8. Muscicapa atricapilla. 
The Pied Flycatcher. 

The Cold Finch, Edioards^ Nat Hist. Birds, i. p. 30, pi. 30. 

Le Grobe-mouche noir, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 381. 

Le Beefigue, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 309 (ptil. autumn.); Daubent. PI. 

Enl vi. pi. 668. fig. 1; Sunders. Av. Meth. Tent p. 23. 

Le Traquet de 1'Angleterre, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 436 (ex Edtvards). 

Le Gobe-mouche noir de Lorraine, Daubent. PL Enl. v. pi. 565. 

figs. 2, 3. 

Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn. S. N. i. p. 326; Roux, Orn. Prov. pi. 150; 
Brehm, Vog. Deutschl p. 224; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Buss. 
Merid. iii. p. 198; Keys. it. Bias. Wirb. Bur. p. 196; Tarr. Brit 

B. i. p. 169 j Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 262; Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. 
p. 175; Bp. Consp. i. p. 317; Cab. Mm. Jlein. Th. i. p. 52; 
Schl. Vog. Nederl. pi. 116; Sundev. Sv. Fogl. pi. 17. tigs. 2, 3; 
Fritsch, Vog. Europ. tab. 21. fig. 6, tab. 24. fig. 5; Jaub. et Batik 
Lapom. Bich. Orn. p. 193; Linderm. Vog, Griechenl. p. 166; Schl. 
Vog. van Nederl. pi. 11. figs. 2, 3; Loche, E.tpl Sci. AlgSr. ii. 
p. 58; Gould, B. Gt Br. ii. pi 17; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 321, 
no. 4821; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 438; Sakad. Fee. Ital 
p. 55; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 42, no. 395; Shelley, B. Egypt, 
p. 119; Newton, ed. Tarr. Br. B. p, 229; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 101; 
Dresser, B. Eur. parts35,30; Blanf.Ead Persia,]). 143; Boeage, Orn. 
Angola, p. 202 ; Sharpe $* Bouvier, Bull. Sue. Zool. France, I p. 32. 
Motacilla ficedula, Linn. S. N. i. p. 330. 
Emberiza luctuosa, Scop. Ann. i. p. 146; Beehst. Naturg. JDeutschl. 


iv. p. 501, note, 
Muscicapa maculata, P. L. S. Mull Syst Nat, Anhang, p. 171; Cass. 
Pr. Philad. Acad. 1804, p. 256. 
Sylvia ficedula, Lath. 2nd. Orn. ii. p. 517. 
Muscicapa muscipeta, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 502; Brehm, 

Vog. Deutschl p. 226. 
Muscicapa luctuosa, Temm. Man. 1815, p. 101; Naum. Vog. Deutschl 

ii. p. 231, Taf. 64. figs. 2-4; Werner, Atlas, Insectivores, pi. 9; 
Brehm, Vog. Deutschl p. 225; Maegill Brit B. iii. p. 524; Gould, 
B. Eur. ii. pi. 63.fig. 1. 
Muscicapa alticeps, B?*ehm, Vog. Deutschl ]). 225. 
Muscicapa funcicapilla, Brehm, V. D. p. 22^o, 
Muscicapa atrogrisea, Brehm, V. &>V> -20. 
1840, p. 225. 

J 38 MUSOICAPID-E. 

Muscicapa speculigera, Bp. Consp. i. p. 817 (ex Selus-Lonch. MS.) ; 

JEIaHl J.f. 0. 1801, p. 169; Locke, Bxpl. ScL Alger, Ok. ii. p. 60; 

Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 322, no. 4825. 

Muscicapa speculifera (lapsu), Schl. Fog. Nederl. p. 225. 

Muscicapa nigra, Degl et Gerbe, Orn. Mcr. i. p. 580. 

Ficedula atricapilla, Sund, Av. Ileth. Tent. p. 23; Collett, Vid. Selsk. 

Fork. Christiania, 18/2, p. 198. 

Nestling. General colour above reddish brown, with dark brown 
edgings to the feathers, which are all mottled with large subterroinal 
spots of pale ochraceous buff, smaller on the head; wings 
brown, the median coverts with ochraceous buff tips, the greater 
series tipped with buffy white; the three inner secondaries externally 
buify white, forming a bar down the wing; tail-feathers 
blackish, the two outer feathers white along the outer web, extending 
even to the inner web on the outermost feather; ear-coverts 
pale yellowish brown; lores and feathers round the eye buffy white; 
cheeks and under surface of body dull white, washed with ochraceous 
buff on the chest, the feathers of which have darker brown 
margins. 

Young male (Stockholm, Aug. 15, 1845). Similar to the old 

female, but differing in the amount of white in the tail, which is 

greater than in the old hen bird. 

Young male (in second year, May 20,1855). More of a greyish 
brown than the old female, but not black like the old male, which 
it nearly resembles as regards the amount of white in the wings 
and tail; lores, feathers in front of eye, and ear-coverts shaded with 
black, the white frontal mark very indistinct; under surface of body 
white, with a slight ochraceous tinge on the breast and flanks; 
thighs brown; under wing-coverts and asillaries ochraceous buff 

Adult male. General colour above black, with here and there a 
bhade of brown, probably remains of previous plumage; wing-
coverts black, some of the older feathers brown, the median series 
tipped with white, the inner greater coverts entirely white; primary-
coverts entirely dark brown; quills dark brown, the inner 
primaries with a white spot at the base of the outer web, the secondaries 
with a conspicuous fawn-coloured spot at the base of both 
webs; the inner secondaries white at the base, increasing in extent 
on the innermost, which are white, with more or less black towards 
the end of the feather; tail blackish, the three outer feathers marked 
with white, the outermost being almost entirely white, with brown 
shaft and a brown mark near the tip of the inner web, the penultimate 
one being white on the base and on the outer web, the brown 
on the inner web more extended and occupying the greater part of 
the latter, the third feather brown with an edging of white on the 
outer web and near the base of the inner one; forehead white; 
lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts black; cheeks and 
under surface of body white, the thighs black at the base of the 
feathers; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with blackish 
bases to the feathers; lower series of coverts and quills below ashy 
brown, whitish along the edgo of the inner web; "bill and legs 

10. MuscrcAPA. 
159 

black; iris brown." Total length 5-5 inches, culmon 0-4, whig 
3-15, tail 2-15, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
warm brown, the least wing-coverts like the back; median and 
greater series blackish brown, externally edged with the same 
brown as the back, the median coverts tipped with whity brown, 
the greater series with creamy white; primary-coverts entirely 
blackish brown; quills blackish brown, the innermost secondaries 
broadly edged with white, the secondaries with a creamy white spot 
at base, concealed by the tips of the greater coverts, the inner primaries 
with a small white spot near the base of the outer web; 
upper tail-coverts black; tail blackish brown, the three outer 
feathers with a broad white mark on the outer web, gradually less 
on the penultimate and third feathers; forehead ochraceous buff; 
in front of the eye a dull white spot; ring of feathers round the 
eye light ochraceous buff; sides of face and ear-coverts ochreous 
brown, mottled with pale fulvous-brown spots on the feathers; 
cheeks and throat pale ochraceous brown, shading gradually off into 
the pure white of the abdomen and under tail-coverts; thighs 
white ; throat whitish in the centre; sides of body light ochraceous 
brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries ochraceous buff, the former 
with dusky bases; quills dark brown below, whitish along the inner 

web. Total length 5*1 inches, culmen 04, wing 2-95, tail 2*1, 
tarsus 0*65. 
Hob. Europe generally, extending eastwards to Persia, and in 
winter ranging into Africa, 

a. Pull. st. Yorkshire. Mr. J. Baker. 
b, c 6 ? ad. sk. Halifax, Yorkshire (Mr. 
Parke). 

d. <$ juv. sk. Stockholm, Aug. 15,1845. Purchased. 
e. S imm. sk. Stockholm, May 20,1855. Purchased. 
/ . «? ad. sk. Heligoland, May 1877 (Z. Henry Seebohm,Esq. [P.]. 
G tithe). 

g. (S ad. sk. Belgium, May 18,1848. Brussels Museum [P.]. 
h. $ ad. sk. Belgium, Sept. 15,1871. Brussels Museum [P.J. 
i. Juv. sk. Piedmont. 
h. $ ad. sk. Valencia, Spain, April 21, Henrv Seebokm, Esq. [P.]. 
1872 (H. Saunders). 
I, m. $ ad. sk. Europe. 


n. J ad. sk. Europe, 
o. S ad. sk. Algiers. 
Purchased. 
p. $ ad. sk. River Gambia. 
q. Jim. sk. Kiver Gambia. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
r. $ ad. sk. Persia. 
s. <$ ad. sk. Persia. 
Purchased. 
t. 
? ad. sk. Karij Valley, ElburzMoun- W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 
tains, N. Persia, 7000 ft, 
Aug. 10,1872. 
10(3 MUSCTCAPIDJ3. 

9. Muscicapa collaris. 
The Collared Flycatcher. 
Muscicapa atricapilla, Jaequin. Beyir. p. 41, tab. 18 (nee L.). 
Muscicapa collaris, Beohst. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 495^ id. Orn. 


Taschcnb. p. 158; Nordm. inDemid. Toy. Muss. Merid. iii. p. 198; 
Kjarb. Orn. Dan. Taf. 15; Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 52; Bp. Consp. 
L p. 317; Sundev. So. Fogl. pi. 18. fig". 4; Jauh. et Barth, Lap. 
Rich. Orn. p. 194; Schl Vog. van Kederl. pi. 11. fig. 4; DegL et 
Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 3<Sl; Zoche, Eipl. Set. Alger. Ok. ii. p. 58; 
Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. o22, no, 4822; DoderL Avif. Sicil. p. 141; 
Halvad. Ucc. Ital. p. 55; Heuql. Orn. K.O.-Afr. i. p. 438; Gould, 


B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. 18; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 120; Dresser, B. Bur. 
pt. 34; Blanf. East Persia, p. 143. 
"y Muscicapa albicollis, Temm. Man. cTOm. p. 100; Kaum. Tog. 
Deutschl. ii. p. 224, Taf. 05. figs. 1, 2; Werner, Atlas, Insectivores, 
pi. 8; Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 224; Gould, B. Bur. ii. pi. 03. 
figs. 2, 3; Keys, u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 196; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 202; Schl u. Susem. Vog. Eur. Taf. 13; Schl. Vog. Kederl 
pi. 117; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. tab. 21. fig. 10, tab. 24. fig. 3; Linderm. 
Vog. Griechenl. p. 116. 
Muscicapa streptopliora, Vieill Faime Frang. p. 145; Roux, Orn. Prov. pi. 151. 
Muscicapa albifrons, Brdim, Vog. Deutschl. p. 223. 
Iledymela collaris, Sundev. QEfv. K. Vet.-Ahad. Fdrh. Sfockh. 1846, 

p "225. 
Muscicapa melanoptera, " Ileckel," J. F. Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. 
aiii. p. 245, Taf. 851; Sahad. Ucc. Ital. p. 312. 
Muscicapa collaris albifrons, A. E. Brehm, Verz. Samml. C. L. 

Brehm, p. 3. 
Muscicapa collaris microrhynclia, id. t. c. p. 3. 
Muscicapa collaris atrostiiata, id. t. e. p. 3. 


Adult male. General colour above black, the lower back and. rump 
ashy grey, somewhat mottled with white bases to the feathers; 
wings black, with conspicuous white bases to all of them; the innermost 
secondaries white along their outer webs, so as to form a bar 
down the wing, the three innermost quills being white with a black 
tip, the black increasing as they near the back; upper tail-coverts 
black, with obsolete grey tips; tail-feathers black, with the external 
feathers white along the outer web; round the hind neck a white 
collar; on the forehead a white patch; a narrow frontal line, lores, 
and sides of face black; cheeks and entire under surface of body 
white• thighs black ; under wing-coverts white, with dusky blackish 
bases; quills blackish, with a distinct patch of white at the base. 
Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*25, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
ashy brown, greyer on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-
coverts dark brown, externally shaded with ashy, the greater series 
broadly tipped with white • primary-coverts dark brown * quills 
dark brown, the primaries white at the base, forming a speculum; 
the innermost secondaries white at base and along the outer web, 
forming a bar down the wing; upper tail-coverts blackish, with 
ashy margins; tail-feathers black, edged with ashy brown, the 

10 . Ml'SCICAPA.. 
103 

three outer feathers externally white, the entire outer web of the 
external feather white; feathers at base of forehead, lores, and 
feathers round the eye buify white; ear-coverts a little darker ashy 
brown than the head; cheeks and under surface of body ashy 
fulvous, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white; thighs ashy 
fulvous; under wing-coverts and axillaries buify white, with dusky 
bases to the inner webs ; quills dull brown below, whitish along the 
inner web. Total length 5-2 inches, culmon 0*4, wing 2-2, tail 2*1, 
tarsus 0*65. 

Bab. Central and Southern Europe. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Europe. 
b. S 
ad.sk. Snrnm, April 15, 1872 (Dr. Henry Seebolrm, Esq. [P.]. 
Kr'uper). 
c. J ad. &k. Taurus Mountains, Asia Minor, Henry Seebohni, Esq. [P.], 
Nov. 18, 187G (C. G. Dan-
ford), 
10. Muscicapa parva. 
The Red-breasted Flycatcher. 
Muscicapa parva, Bechst. Nature/. Deutschl. iv. p. 505; Temm. Man, 


i. p. 138 ; Naum. Vog, Deutschl. ii. p. 241, Taf. 65, fig. 3; Werner, 
Atlas, Insectivores, pi. 10; Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 227; Gould, 
B. Eur. ii. pi. 64 ; Nordm, in Demid. Voy. Buss. Merid. iii. p. 196; 
Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Bur. p. 195; Gray, Gen, B. i. p. 262 ; Kjcerb. 
Om. Dan. pi. 15; Schl. u. Susem. Vog. Eur. Taf. 18; Sundev. Sv. 
Fogl. pi. 68.fig. 5; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. tab. 24.fig. 15, tab. 25. fig 1; 
Linderm, Vog. Griechenl. p. 117 ; Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 322, 
no. 4839 ; Newt. ed. Tarr. Br. B. i. p. 224; Severtz. Turhest. Jevotn. 
p. 188; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 188 ; id. B. Eur. parts 41, 42. 
Muscicapa lais, Hempr. § Ehr. Symb. Phys. fol. t ; Heugl. Orn. N. O.-
Afr. p. 434. 
Muscicapa rufogularis, Brehn, Vog. Deutschl. p. 228 (nee KuU). 
Muscicapa minuta, Ilornsch. §• Schill. Vers. Vog. Bomm, 1837, 

P-

Erythrosterna 
parva, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. §• N. Amer. p. 25 ; id. 
Consp. i. p. 318; Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 53; Jaub. et Bartk Lapomm. 
Rich. Orn. p. 196, pi. 12; Degl. et Gerbe, Om. Eur. I p. 584; Gould, 

B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. 20; Loche, Expl Sci. Alger. Ois. ii. p. 6'2 ; Salvad. 
JJcc. Itcd. p. 56; Blanf. East Persia, p. 144; Hume, Str. F. 1873, 
p. 179 ; Adam, t. c. p.*377 ; Ball, Str. F. 1873, p. 405; Hume, Str. 
F. 1875, p. 469: Brooks, Str. F. 1876, p. 273; Fairb. t. c. p. 257 ; 
Blanf. Str. F. 1877, p. 484. 
Erythrosterna parva ruficollis, A. E. Brehn, Verz. Samml. C. L. 
Brehm, p. 3. 
Erythrosterna parva rufigularis, id. t c. p. 3. 
Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the forehead, 
sides of face, and ear-coverts grey, this colour also extending onto 
the sides of the neck ; lores hoary whitish ; round the eye a ring of 
white feathers ; wing-coverts ashy brown like the back; quills dark 
brown, externally ashy brown, the primaries narrowly edged with 
this colour ; upper tail-coverts dark brown like the tail; two centre 
tail-feathers dark brown, the remainder for the greater part white. 

162 
MTTSCICAPIDJE. 

dark brown for the terminal third and for a little distance along the 
outer web; cheeks, throat, and fore neck clear orange; remainder 
of under surface white, the sides of the body inclining to buff, the 
thighs more ashy; under wing-coverts fulvous like the sides of the 
body; quills brown below, fulvescent along the inner web; " bill 
horn-brown, lighter at base of lower mandible; legs dark brown ; 
iris brown " (Dresser). Total length 5-1 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 
2-6, tail 2, tarsus 0-65. 


Adult female. Different from the male. Brown above, with no 
grey on the head or neck, the sides of face and ear-coverts also 
brown ; wings brown, the greater coverts and quills with edgings of 
lighter brown; throat, chest, and sides of body suffused with yellowish 
buff, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white. Total 
length 4*9 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2, tarsus 0*65. 


Young. Mottled all over; ochraceous above, all the feathers 
edged with dusky brown, the rump and upper tail-coverts lighter; 
wings brown, the upper wing-coverts tipped with spots of ochraceous, 
the quills edged with rufous-brown • ring round the eye and 
sides of face light ochraceous, as also the under surface of body, the 
breast-feathers edged with dusky ; tail as in adult. 


Hcib. Central and South-eastern Europe, ranging into Northwestern 
India. 


a. Pull. sk. Europe. 
Purchased. 
b. d ad. sk. Belgrade, Turkey, March 1873 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(T. Poison). ^ [P.]. 
c. J ad. ;d,eff. Sweet "Waters, near Constant!- H. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(S Jjuv.sk. nople, Sept. 2, 1876 (W. [P.]. 
Pearee). 


g. $ 
ad. sk. Dizak, Baluchistan, March 22, "VY. T. Blanford, Esq. 
1872. t [0.]. 
h. S ad. sk. GonduL Kattiawar, Nov. 26, Major Hayes Lloyd 
1871. [P.]. 
$ ad. sk. Cashmere. It. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

cp*> 

k,l. c?ad.*m,?i. N.W.Himalayas. Captain Stackhouse 
$ ad. sk. PinwiU [P.l 


o. <$ .ad, sk. Umballa. Capt. C. EL T\ Marshall 
[P.]. 
p. 2 ad. sk. India. 
Hon. E. India Co. 
[P.]. 

11. Muscicapa albicilla. 
Muscicapa albicilla, Pall Zoogr. Posso-Asiat i. p. 462, Aves, tab. 1. 
Saxicola rubeculoides, SyJces, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 92. 
PErythaca tytleri, Jameson, Bdinb. Phil. Journ. 1835, p, 214 (descr. 


nulla) * Jard, Conir. Orn. 1850, p. 28. 
Muscicapa leucura*, Swains. Nat Hist Fkjc, p. 253 (nee Gm.): Gray, 

Hand-l B. i. p. 322, n. 4840. 
Synornis leucura, Hodgs in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83. 
Synornis joulainius, Hodgs. t, c. p. 83; id. P. Z. S. 184-5, p. 26. 


* The MotacUla leucura, Gm. S. IST. i. p. 939, is founded on a White-failed 
Flycatcher of Latham (Gen. Syn. ii. p. 331) from South Africa, and does not 
apparently belong to this species. 
10 . MUSCICAPA. 
103 

Erythrosterna leucura, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 171; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 318; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. B.I. Co. i. p. 297; Jerd. B. 
Ind. i. p. 481;' Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 290; Godwin-Aust. J. A. 
S. B. 1870, p. 101 ; Blyth $ Walden, B. Burm. p. 103: Hume, 
Str. F. 1874, p. 475,1875, p. 105; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool France, 
i. p. 169; Armstr. Str. F. 1870, p. 323. 
Muscicapa parva (nee Bechst.), Schrenck, Amur-Beise, p. 374; Badde, 
Beis. Sibir. p. 267. 
Thamnobia niveiventris, Swinh, Ibis, 1860, p. 54. 
Erythrosterna mugimaki, Swinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 330 (nee T.fySX 
Erythredema albieffla, Swinh. B. Z. S. 1862, p. 317; id. P. Z. S. 1871, 

p. 380; Bait, Str. F. 1874, p. 405; David # Oust. Ois. de la Chine, 
p. 120, pi. 79 j Hume $ Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 223. 
Muscicapa leucurns, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4840. 
Adult male. Brown above, the lores and sides of face light grey, 
this colour descending on each side of the orange thioat onto the 
sides of the neck; throat deep orange ; rest of under surface of body 
buffy white, the flanks deep fulvous; quills and tail as in M.parva ; 
" bill dark brown, yellow at gape, and greyish at base of lower mandible; 
inside of mouth orange-fleshy; legs very dark brown, almost 
black, claws dark brown; eyelids dark plumbeous; iris dark brown" 
(Oates). Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2*65, tail 2, 
tarsus 0-65. 

Adult female. Similar to the female of M. parva. Wing 2*7 inches, 
tail 2*0, tarsus 0*65. 
Hab. Eastern Siberia, throughout China and the Burmese countries 
to Pegu and Tenasserim. 

a,b. & ? ad. sk. Tientsin, China (FlemMr. 
Whitely. 
ing). 

c. $ ad. sk. " Amoy. Purchased. 
d. 
c? ad. sk. India. Secretary of State for 
India [P.]. 
e. § ad. sk. Behar. B.H. Hodgson,Esq[. [P.*. 
/. $ ad. sk. Nepal, B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.". 
g, h, i. <$ ad. 5 k. $Nepal. B. H.Hodgson,Esq. [P.]. 
ad. sk. 
l,m,n,o. $ juv.sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]


p. 5 ad. sk. Upper Assam (Dr. Beid). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 
q. (S ad. sk. Shillong. Colonel H. H. Godwin-
Austen [P.]. 
r. 
<J juv. sk. Bhamau, Upper Burmah, Br. J. Anderson [C.]. 
Jan. 23,1868. 
s. J ad. sk. Pegu. 
W.T.Blanford,Esq.[P.]. 
12. Muscicapa hyperythra. 
Siphia hyperythra, Cabanis, J. f. 0.1866, p. 391 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872, 
p. 472. 
Menetica hyperythra, Cabanis, J.f.O. 1866, p. 401. 
Niltava hyperythra, Gray, Iland-i. B. i. p. 326, no. 4901. 
Erythrosterna hyperythra, Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 442, pi. 17; 
Hume, Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. p. 217 5 Brooks, Str. F 1875, p. 230. 

Adult male. General colour above umber-brown, becoming more 
ashy on the rump, the upper tail-coverts blaekish; least wing


104 
MTJSCICAPIDJB. 

coverts like the back, slightly shaded with grey ; remainder of wing-
coverts and quills dark brown, edged with lighter brown; two centre 
tail-feathers blackish, the next on each side with a white patch at 
the base of the outer web ; remainder of the feathers white at base, 
with a broad ending of black, which extends a little way np the 
outer web; lores, feathers round the eye, ear-coverts, and sides of 
neck dark grey; under surface of body from tho chin to the abdomen 
deep orange-chestnut, the sides of the breast dark grey; a line 
of black feathers running from the base of the bill down the sides 
of the throat to the sides of the upper breast, and dividing the 
orange throat from the grey neck; abdomen whitish; flanks and 
under tail-coverts fawn-buff; thighs ashy; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries light fawn-buff, whitish near the edge of the wing; quill3 
dusky brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web ; 
u bill brown above, lower mandible yellowish, brown at the tip; 

feet dark brown, the soles yellowish; iris hazel-brown " (Legge ^ 
MS,). Total length 4-4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*7, tail 2*2, 
tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Rather lighter brown above than the male, and 
without any grey on the rump; ear-coverts light brown; lores, 
feathers round the eye, and cheeks ashy whitish * throat buffy white ; 
breast and sides of body yellowish orange, the sides of the upper 
breast greyish; centre of the body and under tail-coverts white; 
wings and tail much as in the male ; under wing-coverts yellowish 
like the flanks • " bill dark horn-colour, the lower mandible light; 
legs blackish lead-colour; iris umber-brown " (Legge, 218.). Total 
length 4-6 inches, wing 2'65, tail 2, tarsus 0*7. 
Hob. North-western India from Cashmere southwards ; Ceylon. 

a. J ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk. 
Cashmere. 
KamboddePass, Ceylon.
Jan. 17,1877. 
Capt. J. Biddulpli [C.]. 
Capt. W. Vincent Legge [P.]. 
c. 2 ad. sk Dirnbulla, Ceylon, Nov.
15, 1871. 
Capt. W. Vincent Legge [P.]. 

11. 
PETECECA. 
Type. 
Petroiea, Stoamson, ZooL Hlustr. 2nd series, i. pi. 36 
(1829) P. leggiL 
Erythrodryas, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, n. 112 P. rhodinogastra. 
Myiomoira, Rekhenb. Syst. Av. Taf. Ixvii. (J850) . . P. toitoi. 
Melanodryas, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 283 (1865) P. cucullata. 
Amaurodryas, Goidd, Handb.B.Aubt?\i.-p,286 (1865; P. vittata. 

Bill of JPetmca teggiiJ?
angt\ Australia, Sew Zealand, Pacific islands. 

11 , PETBCGOA. 
165 

Key to the Specks. 

a. With red on the under surface of the body. 
a'. With a white mark on the forehead. 
a". Wing-coverts with a white patch. 
a'". Wing* with a broad white longitudinal 
bar, formed by the outer web of the 
inner secondaries being white. 
a\ Upper surface black; frontal white 
mark large; throat black ; breast 
scarlet Uggii, p. 1C5. 
IK Upper surface slaty grey; frontal mark 
small; only the cliin black; remainder 
of throat and "breast orange-scarlet.. phozmcea, p. 166. 
b'". With no longitudinal band of white 
down the wing; inner greater coverts 
white, forming a large shoulder-patch. 

c4. No white on the outer tail-feathers . . multicolor, p. 108. 

d4 

. Outer tail-feathers white, black at "base 

and at tip. 
a5. Throat Mack' pusilla, p. 1G8. 
b5. Throat dusky, washed with scarlet.. similis, p. 169. 

b". Wing-coverts without any white on them 
at all; "breast pink; frontal mark very 
small. 


c'". With no white on the tail rhodinogastra, p. 170. 
d'". Outer tail-feathers for the most part 
white rosea, p. 170. 

V. Forehead red. 
c". Throat black..... goodenovii, p. 171. 
d". Throat red in the centre ramsayi, p. 172. 
I. 
With no red on the under surface of the body. 
c'. Throat black. 
«". Size larger; wing3-5-8-6inches; nowhite ,Ueohr . m 
spot on forehead ) picato 3 ? £ 1H. 
f'K Size smaller; wing not exceeding 2*9 inches; 
a white spot on the forehead. 
e"'. Breast white toitoi, p. 174 
f". Breast yellow macrocephala, p. 176. 

d'. "throat ashy; base of tail white bicolor §, p. 174. 

e'. Throat dusky brown; only the outer tail-
feather white at base and for whole extent 
of outer web » vittata, p. 177. 


1. Petrceca leggii. 
Sylvia erythrogastra, Lewin, Birds of New Holland, pi. 37 (nee 
Lath,). 
Scarlet-breasted Flycatcher, Latham, Gen. Hist B. vi. p. 210. 
Muscicapa multicolor, 
Vig. $ Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc, xv. p. 279 (nee 
Qm.).

Petroica multicolor (nee Gm.), Swains. Zool. Illustr. ser. 2, vol. i. 
pi. 36; Gould, Syn. B. Austr. part 1, pi. 7. %. 3; id. B. Austr. 
folio, iii. pi. 3 ; Bp. Consp. I p. 299; Bmchenb. fog. Neuholl. p. 91; 
Pelz. Meis, Novara, Vog. p. 64; Gould, Bandb. B. Austr, i. p. 279 ; 
Gray, Band4. B. i. p." 228, no, 3289. 

166 
MTJoCICAPIDJ!!. 

Petroeca multicolor, Cab. Mus. Hein. Tli. i. p. 11) Bamsay, Proo. 
Linn. Soc. JV. & W. ii. p. 183, no. 178. 

Adult. General colour above silky Hack, the feathers with grey 
bases: lesser wing-coverts black like the back ; median series and 
inner greater coverts white, the latter with concealed blackish bases 
to the inner webs; outer greater coverts and primary-coverts 
blackish"; quills blackish brown, the inner primaries with a spot of 
white near the base of the outer web; secondaries all white at base, 
the inner ones white along the outer web, forming a bar down the 
wing ; tail blackish brown, the penultimate feather white at tip, and 
having a wedge-shaped mark of white running down the outer web; 
outer feather white, with an oblique brown mark towards the base 
of the inner web, and with a dark-brown mark near the tip of the 
outer web; forehead white; a narrow frontal line, lores, sides of 
face, and throat black, at base of the latter a concealed white spot; 
breast light scarlet, some of the side feathers with black margins; 
abdomen, lower flanks, and under tail-coverts white; thighs black ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the outer ones edged with 
blacky quills blackish below, brown along the edge of the inner 
web, and white at the base of the secondaries; " bill and feet 
black; iris very dark brown" (Gould). Total length 5 inches, 
culmen 0-45, wing 2-85, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*8. 

The female has all the upper and under surface brown, with the 
breast strongly tinged with red (Gould). 

Ohs. A specimen labelled female from Tasmania, and obtained by 
the Antarctic Expedition, is exactly like the male, and is probably 
wrongly determined, as the sexes seem to differ in colour throughout 
this entire genus. A female from Western Australia (King George 
Sound) differs from all the eastern birds in its extremely narrow 
white forehead, and may probably indicate a second species. 

Hab. Australia : Eockingham Bay, Port Denison, Wide-Bay 
district, Eichmond and Clarence-Biver districts, le w South Wales, 
interior of Australia, Yictoria, South Australia. Tasmania. (Of. 
Bamsay, I. c.) 

a. $ ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. King George Sound. Sir George Grey [P.]. 
c. d. $ ad.; e. Juv. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. HP.]. 
/. <S ad. sk. Tasmania. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. 
g} h, i. S ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [C.]. 
k. <$ ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.]. 
2. Petroeca phoenicea. 
Petroica phcenicea, Gould, P. Z. S.1836, p. 105; id. Syn. B. Austr. 
part 1, pi. 7. fig. 2 $ id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 6; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 183; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299; Beich&nb. Vog. Neuholl pp. 93,289; 
JPelz. Beis. Novara, Vog. p. 64; Goidd, Handb. B. Awtr. i. p. 282; 
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 228, no. 3291. 
Petroeca phoenicea, 
Cab. Mus. Beiti, TL i. p. 11; Bamsay, Proc. 
Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 183. 

11 . PETHCECA. 167 
Adult male. General colour above slaty blackish, the least wing-
coverts like the back ; rest of the wing blacker, the inner, median, 
and greater coverts white; primary-coverts very narrowly tipped 
with^ white; quills black, the inner secondaries externally white, 
forming a bar down the wing, the outer secondaries with a white 
bar near the base of the outer web, smaller and higher up the feather 
on the primaries; tail blackish, the penultimate feather with the 
outer web edged with white near the base and at the tip, the outermost 
one white, with an oblique mark of brown along the inner web 
and another brown mark towards the tip of the outer web; a small 
frontlet of white ; across the base of the forehead a blackish line ; 
lores, sides of face and ear-coverts, chin and upper sides of throat 
slaty blackish ; throat and breast rich scarlet-vermilion, the lower 
flanks, vent, and lower abdomen white; sides of body greyish, mixed 
with white ; thighs blackish; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
dusky greyish, tipped with white; quills blackish below, the secondaries 
white at base of inner web ; " bill and feet black; iris 
black" (Gould). Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*15, 
tail 2*3, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Brown above, darker towards the rump and upper 
tail-coverts; base of forehead whitish; wings dark brown, the coverts 
narrowly tipped with whitish, the secondaries with conspicuous white 
bases, slightly tinged with rufous, and forming a wing-patch ; primaries 
with an indistinct white mark about halfway up the feather, 
more distinct on the secondaries, which are edged with white ; tail-
feathers dark brown, the outermost white, obliquely marked with 
brown on the inner web, and having a spot of brown at the tip of the 
outer web * ear-coverts brown, with whitish shaft-lines ; lores rufescent; 
under surface of body brown, the throat and centre of 
abdomen whitish, the fore neck and breast with a slight tinge of 
vermilion • thighs brown: under tail-coverts white, with longitudinal 
centres of dark brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
fulvous, with dusky bases ; quills dark brown below, whitish along 
the inner web, the base of the secondaries conspicuously white. 
Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3, tail 2, tarsus 0*75. 

Young mode. Similar ko the old female, but with orange instead of 
vermilion breast. 


Hal. Australia: Wide-Bay district, Eichmond and Clarence-
River districts, New South "Wales, Yictoria, South Australia. Tasmania. 


a. 5 ad. st, Australia. 
h. <$ juv. sk. Australia. Baron Laiigier. 
c. d1 ad. sk. New South Wales. J. Gould, Esq. [0.]. 
d. tf ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.l 
e. <J ad. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.]. 
f,g. <J ad. sk. Tasmania. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.], 
*A. <$ ad.; i. <$ juv. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [0.]. 
h. tf ad. sk. Tasmania. Sir E. Home [P.]. 
108 
MlTSCTCAPinjE. 

3. Petrceca multicolor. 
Red-bullied Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. B. ii. pt. 1, p. 343, pi. 4 j id. 

Gen. Mist B. \L p. 209, pi. 3. 
Mwscicapa multicolor, Gm. & N. i. p. 044 (ex Lath.). 
Muscicapa cry throwster, Lath. Inch Orn. i. p. 479 ; tihaw, Xat. Misc. 

v. pi. 147; id. Gen. Zool. x. p. 400. 
Petroica modesta *, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 147 (£ ) ; Gray, Gen. B. 
i. p. 183. 
Potroica pulchella, Gould, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 142 (cf) ; Gray, Gen. B. 
i. p; 183. 
Muscicapa dibapha, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 207 {ex Turdus dibaphus, 
Forster, Icon. hied. 157, "Noifolk Island, Oct. 11, 1774"). 

Petroica multicolor, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183. 

Petroica erythrogabtra (nee Lath.), Gould, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 4 j 

Reichenb. Voy. Keuholl. pp. 62, 289; Bp. Consp. i. p. 2i)9 j Gray, 

Ibis, 1862, p. 224; Gould, Hondo. B. Austr. ii. p. 526; Gray, 

Mand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3292. 

Adidt male. General colour above black, the grey bases to the 
rump-feathers showing slightly; wings entirely black, with no white 
on the secondaries, only the median coverts and the inner greater 
ones pure white ; tail black, the outer feathers very slightly pointed 
with white and a little browner; forehead and fore part of crown 
silky white; lores, feathers above the eye, sides of face, and throat 
black; rest of the under surface of body bright scarlet; the lower 
flanks, vent, and under tail-coverts white ; thighs black, sides of 
breast black; under wing-coverts white, with blackish bases, those 
near the lower edge of the wing black, forming a spot; quills ashy 
brown below, browner along the edge of the inner web, the inner 
secondaries white at the base below. Total length 4*6 inches, culmen 
0-55, wing 2*75, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*95. 


Hob. Norfolk Island. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1855 Voyage of the i Herald.' 
(JDr.F. M. Rayner). 
b. S ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 18G5. Julius Bxenchley, Esq. [P.], 
4. Petrceca pusilla. 
Petroica pusilla, 
Beak, U. S. Fxpl Fxp. 1848, p, 93, pi. 25. fig. 3 • 
Marti in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 100* Cass. TIM. Fxpl Fxp. 

p. 164, pi.9. fig. 4 ; Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific Ocean,y. 14; 
Finsch 8f Marti. Faun. Central-Polyn. p. 70 * Gray, Mand-l. B. i. 
p. 228, no. 3294. 
Petrceca Heinschmidtif, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1875,p. 643 *. id. Journ. Godeffr. 
Mus. Heft xii. p. 6, Taf. 1. ^Lg. 2. 

Adidt male. General colour above black, with a white band across 

* P. modesta. The habitat of this species is given by Mr. Gould as " New 
Holland;" and if this locality had been correct, the name would have probably 
taken precedence over my name of P. leggii. It appears, however, that 
an error in the locality had taken place, as Mr. (3-ould subsequently, in both his 
later works, refers his Petroica modesta to the Norfolk-Island Hobin, and translates 
his Latin diagnosis of P. modesta for the female of the latter bird. 
t 
I have Dr. Finsch's personal assurance that this species is the same as 

C. pusillu. 
1 L PETR(KCA. 
109 

the rump; wings black, the median coverts white with black bases, 
as also the inner greater coverts, forming a patch on the wing, tho 
secondaries almost imperceptibly edged with white near the base ; 
tail black, the two outer feathers white, with blackish bases and a 
blackish mark at the tip ; forehead white, a narrow lino across the 
base of the forehead, lores, sides of face, and throat black ; remainder 
of under surface of bod}' scarlet, the vent and under tail-coverts 
white; thighs black; under wing-coverts white, the edge of the wing 
black; quills ashy brown below, whitish along the base of the 
secondaries ; " bill black; tarsi lighter; iris brown ,? (Peale). Total 
length 3*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*4, tail 1-55, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being browner, the wing-
coverts tipped with rust}" brown; secondaries white at base, the primaries 
externally marked with white near the base ; across the rump 
a white bar ; upper tail-coverts black ; tail-feathers black, slightly 
tipped with white, the penultimate feather blackish at base and at 
tip of outer web, the outermost entirely white, black at base of inner 
web ; ear-coverts blackish brown ; base of forehead whitish, the foro 
part of the crown mottled with white edges to the feathers; below 
the eye a line of whitish feathers; throat brown, the chin whitish; 
breast pale scarlet; abdomen,* vent, and under tail-coverts white, the 
sides of the body, flank, and under wing-coverts ashy white, the 
axillaries washed with pale scarlet; thighs black. Total length 
3-8 inches, wing 2'2, tail 1*4, tarsus 0*7. 

Eab. Samoa or Navigators' Islands. Fiji group. 

a. $ ad. sk. Samoa. Purchased. 
b, c. S $ ad. sk. IJpolu, Samoa. Rev. S. J. Wliitmee [0.]. 
6. Petrceca similis. 
Petroica 
similis, Gray, Cat. B. Tropical Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 15 j id. 
Hand-l £. i. p. 228, no. 3295. 

Adult male. General colour above sooty black; the wings a little 
browner, the inner median and greater wing-coverts white with 
brown bases to the inner webs; tail sooty brown, slightly tipped 
with white, the penultimate feather edged with white on the outer 
web, the outer feather white, light brown at base of inner web and 
tip of outer; a narrow frontal mark of white; sides of face sooty 
black like the head, the chin and sides of throat blackish ; rest of 
under surface scarlet, the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-
coverts white; thighs black; sides of body white with greyish 
bases to the feathers; under wing-coverts white; quills ashy brown 
below, edged with brown along the inner web, and inclining to white 
at the base of the secondaries. Total length 4*2 inches, culmen 
0-55, wing 2*5, tail 1*75, tarsus 08 . 

ITah. New Hebrides. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Aneiteum, New Hebrides. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b, c. J 
$ ad. sk. Aneiteum, Aug. 18Go. JimusBrenehley,Eyq.[P.], 
VOL. IV. # 

MT7SCICAPIDJB. 

6. Petrceca rhodinogastra. 
Saxicola rliodinogastra, Drapiez, Ann. GSn. des Sci. Phys. BruxeUes, 
ii. p. 340 (1819). 
Muscicapa lathami, Vigors, Zool Journ. i. p. 410, pi. 13. 
Petroica rliodinogastra, Jard. § Selby, III. Orn., Addenda to vol. ii. j 
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 228, no. 3297. 
Petroica erythrogaster, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183. 
Erythrodryas rhodinogaster, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 112 ; id. B. 

Austr. folio, iii. pi. 1; Reichenb. Yog. NeuholL pp. 89, 289 ; Gould, 
Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 276; Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 

p. 183. 
Petroeea erythrogastra, Cab. Mus. llehx. Th. i. p. 11; Bp. Con^p. i. 
p. 299. 
Adult male. General colour above slaty black, the least and median 
wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills browner; 
tail-feathers brown, edged with slaty black near the base; sides of 
face, sides of neck, and throat black; on the forehead a small spot 
of silky white; remainder of under surface of body rose-pink, the 
vent and under tail-coyerts white; thighs black; flarjk-feathers 
pink, with grey bases separated from the pink by a white mark; 
under wing-coverts blackish, as also the quills below, which are 
white at the base of the secondaries; " bill black; feet black with 
the soles orange; iris black" {Gould). Total length 4-8 inches, 
culmen 0*45, wing 2*85, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Has an indication of the white spot on the forehead; 
all the upper surface brown; wings and tail brown, with the 
markings on the primaries and secondaries larger and of a more 
buffy colour than in the males; throat brownish buff; chest and 
abdomen brownish grey; vent and under tail-coverts buff. {Gould.) 

The young male during the first autumn closely resembles the 
female; for the first two months after they have left the nest they 
have the centre of each feather striated with buff, {Gould.) 

Bab. Tasmania, Yictoria, and South Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. [Australia.] Zoological Society. 
b. Ad. sk. South Australia. Sir G-eorge Grey'[P.], 
7. Petrceca rosea* 

Muscicapa lathami, Viq. <§• Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 24f5 (nee 
Vigors, 1825). 

* The Crimson-bellied Flycatcher of Latham (Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 221, pi. 
134) would seem to represent a species of the section Erythrodryas, perhaps 
Petrceca rosea, but it is impossible to make out the species for certain. A male 
of the latter bird in incomplete dress, and retaining portions of the female 
plumage, might answer to it; but the absence of the black throat and of the 
white spot on the forehead prevent its being recognized as any of the species 
known up to the present time. Its synonymy is as follows:— 
Crimson-bellied Flycatcher, Lath. I. c. 
Muscicapa coccinigastra, Lath. Ind. Orn. StcppL p. 1. 
Petroica coccinigastra, Gray, Gen. B. I p. 183: id. Hand-l B. i. p 228, 


no. 3299. 

11 . 3PETKCK0A. 171 
Petroica rosea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 142 ; Gray, Gen. B, I p. 183; 
id. Eand-l B. i. p. 228, no. 3298. 
Erythrodryas rosea, Goidd, P. Z. S.1842, p. 112 ; id. B. Austr. folio, 

iii. pi. 2; Reichenb. Tog. Neuholl. pp. 89,289 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299 ; 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 2: Ramsay. B\ Linn. Soc. 
M S. W. ii. p. 183. 

Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, the least wing-
coverts coloured like the back; median and greater coverts, as 
well as the secondaries, brown, edged with grey like the back, 
the primaries black with browner edges; tail-feathers blackish 
with minute tips of white, the three outermost with a large wedge-
shaped mark of white at the tip of the inner web, increasing in 
extent towards the outermost; sides of face, sides of neck, and throat 
leaden grey, the lower throat slightly washed with pink; fore neck 
and breast deep rose-pink; the abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts 
white; thighs black; under wing-coverts slaty grey, edged broadly with 
white; quills dusky brown, white at the base of the secondaries; " bill 
and feet blackish brown; gape and soles of the feet yellow." Total 
length 4*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-6, tail 2*3, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above dark ashy brown, 
greyer on the rump; least and median wing-coverts like the back, 
the greater coverts and quills dark brown, the primaries with a 
whitish spot near the base of the outer web, the secondaries white 
at the base; tail dark brown, the outer feather white with an 
oblique mark of brown from the base up the inner web, the penultimate 
one with a large wedge-shaped mark of white on the inner 
web ; sides of face dark brown, the ear-coverts with whitish shaft-
lines ; on the forehead a small band of buff; under surface of body 
dull white with a tinge of pink on the breast, flanks browner; 
thighs dark brown; under wing-coverts whitish; quills dark brown 
below, whitish at the base of the secondaries. Total length 4*5 
inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*55, tail 2*2, tarsus 0*6. 

Eab. Australia: Eockingham Bay, Port Denison, Wide-Bay district, 
Bichmond and Clarence-River districts ; New South Wales; 

Interior; Victoria. (Ramsay, L c.) 
a. £ ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
(M. kttham£,'Vig. & Horsf., Lc.) 
b, e. <£ § ad. sk. Australia. 

8. Petrceca goodenovii. 
Muscicapa godenovii, Vig. $ Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 245. 

Petroica goodenovii, Jard. fy Selby, 111 Orn. Add. to vol. ii.; Gould, 
Syn. B. Austr. part 1, pi. 7. fig. 1; id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 5; 
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299; Reichenb. Vog. 
Neuholl pp. 109, 289; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 280; Gray, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 228, no. 3290. 

Petroeca goodenovii, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 11; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. JST. S. W. ii. p. 183. 
Adult male. General colour' above black, slightly mottled with 
white on the rump, the feathers being subterminally marked with 

172 MUSC10APIDJE. 

white; wings black, the median and inner greater coverts as well 

as the outer wehs of the inner secondaries white, forming a longi


tudinal bar down the wing; all the secondaries white at the base, 

the inner primaries with a white spot at about a third of their 

length from the base ; tail-feathers black, slightly tipped with 

white, the outermost almost entirely white, with a black oblique 

mark from the base across the inner web, and a spot of dark 

brown at the tip of the outer web; the penultimate and third 

feathers with a white mark on the outer web; sides of head and of 

neck and throat black ; forehead and vertex scarlet; fore neck and 

breast scarlet; thighs black; sides of body, abdomen, under tail-

coverts, under wing-coverts, and axillaries white, the edge of the 

wing black, edged with white; quills ashy brown below, white at 
the base of the secondaries ; " bill and feet blackish brown, the soles 
of the feet yellow; iris blackish brown " (Gould). Total length 4*8 
inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-55, tail 2*0, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 

earthy brown, with a faint rusty tinge on the forehead ; wings dark 

brown, the smaller coverts edged with brown, the greater series 

edged and tipped with buffy white ; quills dark brown, the primaries 

narrowly, the secondaries more broadly edged with buffy white, 

the secondaries with broad whitish bases, concealed by the tips of 

the greater coverts; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with lighter 

brown, the penultimate feather white along the outer web, the 

outermost one almost entirely white, with an oblique mark of dark 

brown from the base up the inner web; ear-coverts light rusty 

brown ; feathers round the eyes, lores, cheeks, and under surface of 

body dull white, the sides of the breast and flanks brown; thighs 

brown; under wing-coverts creamy white, as also the inner lining 

of the quills. Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-35, tail 

1-8, tarsus 0*7. 

Hob. Australia: Wide-Bay district; Eichmond and Clarencelliver 
districts; New South Wales; Victoria; Interior; South 
Australia. (Eamsay^ L c.) 

a. $ ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
(Type of species*.) 
b, c. 3 $ ad. sk. New South Wales. 

d. <S ad. sk. New South Wales. J. G-ould, Esq. [P.], 
e. <$ ad. sk. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P.]. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
9. Petroeca ramsayi. 
Petroeca goodenovii, auctt. ex Austr. occidentali (nee Vig. # Horsf.). 
Adult male. Similar to P. goodenovii, but distinguished by the 
centre of the throat being scarlet and not black. Total length 4*5 
inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*5, tail 1*85, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Similar to the hen of P. goodenovii, but having the 
forehead and anterior crown dull brick-red. Total length 4*2 inches, 
culmen 0*45, wing 2*45, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*7. 

Eab. Western Australia. 

11 . PlfiTKCKCA. 173 
«; h. <$ J ad, sk.
c. d* ad. sk.
d. d juv. sk.
e. $ ad. sk. 
Peron'a Peninsula, 
Shark Bay. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Swan River. 
F.M.Bayner,Esq.[C.]. 
Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
Purchased. 

10. Petroeca bicolor. 
Grallina bicolor, Vig. fy Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 233. 
Petroica bicolor, Swains. Zool. Illustr. 2nd ser. i. pi. 43 j Gould, B. 


Austr. folio, iii. pi. 7 • Bp. Comp. I p. 299: Reichenb, Vog. Nm


holl pp. 94, 289. 

Petroeca cucullata* Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183; Cab. Mm. Hem. Th. i. 

p. 11* Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 3300. 
Melanodryas cucullata, Gould} Handh. B. Austr. i. p. 283 : Ramsay. 
Pr. Linn. Soc. R. S. W. ii. p. 183. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, the rump and 
scapulars pure white; wings black, the secondaries tipped with 
white, and two of the inner ones externally edged with white, 
forming a line down the wing ; a large alar speculum caused by the 
white bases to the secondaries, the primaries having a white bar at 
a little distance from the base, gradually decreasing in extent 
towards the outer primaries and confined to the inner web, the two 
outer quills with no white at all on them; tail white with a broad 
subterminal band of black before a narrow white tip, the two 
centre feathers black, the next one on each side black, the outer 
web white for two thirds of its length,* sides of face and throat 
black, the feathers of the lower throat tipped with white where they 
adjoin the fore neck, which, like the remainder of the under surface, 
is entirely white; under wing-coverts white with black bases ; 
quills ashy blackish below, the secondaries white at base, the primaries 
white for a great part of the inner web; bill black; feet 
blackish brown; iris brownish black" (Gould). Total length 5*2 
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*7, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
ashy brown, with more or less of a greyish shade; the wings darker 
brown with lighter brown edges ; primaries with a white bar on 
inner web, the innermost primaries and the secondaries white at 
base of both webs, forming an alar speculum, the inner secondaries 
margined, and all tipped, with white; tail-feathers dark 
brown, white at the base of all but the two centro ones, the outer 
ones tipped with white; lores, ring round the eye, and sides of 
face dull white, mottled with dusky brown bases to the feathers; 
ear-coverts dark brown, with dull whitish shaft-lines ; under surface 
of body ashy grey, white on the lower abdomen, vent, and under 

* The name of cucullata cannot be adopted for this species, as the words in 
the original description, " the whole of the wings and tail black, the lesser quills 
fringed with white," can never apply to Petmca bicolor. The synonymy of th© 
supposed species is as follows:— 
Hooded Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. SuppL ii. p. 223. 
Muscicapa cucullata, Lath. Lid. Orn. Su%*pl. p. ii. 

174 
HCSCICAPIDJE. 

tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts white, the axillaries dark brown, 

white near the base of the outer web; quills dull brown below, 

white at base of secondaries and across the inner web of the pri


maries. Total length 5*7 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*6, tail 2*7, 

tarsus 0-85. 

Young. Immediately after leaving the nest is dark brown with a 

stripe of light brown down the centre of each feather, the markings 

of the wings and the tail resembling those of the adult 5 under sur


face like upper, but becoming white as it proceeds towards the vent. 

(Gould.) 

Hal. Australia: "Wide-Bay, Richmond, and Clarence-River districts 
; New South Wales ; Interior *. Yictoria; South Australia ; 
West Australia. (Ramsay, I. c.) 

a. 
$ ad. sk- Austialia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
(Type of M. tricolor.) 
b. <S juv. sk. Australia. 
c. 5 ad. sk. Australia, J. Gould, Esq. [0,J. 
d. t$ ad. sk, Yarrundi River. J. Gotdd, Esq. [C.j. 
c; 

e. c? JUV. sfc. Yarrundi River, J. Gould, Esq. 
cf juv. sk. South Australia. J. Gould, Esq. 
g, h. S ? ad.; 1. cS imm. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [Jr.!. 

h. (S imm. sk. River Murray. Sir George Grey ft?/ 
I cS ad. sk. West AustfaHa. J. Gould, Esq. [0.1" 
m. $ ad. sk. York, W, Australia. J, Gould, Esq. f C.j. 
nf 0. £ ad. sk. Interior jof South Oapt, Sturt [P.j. 
Australia. 

p. J ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P > • 
Subsp. a. Petrceca picata. 

Melanodry^as picata, Gould, JSandb. B. Ausir. i. p. 285. 

Petroica picata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 3301. 

Adult male. Similar to P. cucullata, but smaller, and distinguished 
by the less amount of black on the tail, and the Broader edging of 
white to the inner secondaries. In the outer tail-feather the white 
extends round the black, and is carried along the whole length of the 
outer web. Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*5, tail 2*55, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Hob. Northern and North-western Australia. 

a, b, c, <? ad.; d. 2 ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. fP.1 
e,f. 6 ? ad. sk. « Dep6t," Feb, 26,1856. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.], 

11. Petrceca toitoi. 
Muscicapa toitoi, Garnot, Voy. Coquille, Zool. i. p. 590, pi. 15. fig. Z. 
Miro toitoi, Gray, in Bieffmb. Trav. ii. App. p. 191; Bp. Consp. i. 

Petroica toitoi, Gray, Voy. Breb. $ Terr. Birds, p. 6; id. Gen. B. I 

p. 183• id. Ibis, 1862, p. 223,* Pelz. Beis. Nomra, Tog, p. 65; 
Gray, Hand-l B, I p. 229, no, 3305. 
11 . PUTftCKCl. 175 
Myiomoira toitoi, Meichenb. Syst. AD. Taf. lxvii. %. 11 j Butter, B. N. 

Zeal p. 124: JRwao^, J.f. 0. 1872, p. 163, 1874, p. 189,-/Sharpe, 

Voy, Ereb. $ Terr. Birds, App. p. 26. 
Muscicapa albopectus, Ellman, Zool. 1861, p. 7465. 

Adult male. General colour above black with a distinct, though 
small, frontal spot of white; wings black, the inner primaries with 
a whito bar a little way from the base, represented by an orate spot 
of white on the outer web; the secondaries distinctly white at the 
base, forming a large wing-patch, the white extending for the greater 
part of the outer web on some of the inner secondaries ; tail black, 
the three outer tail-feathers white, increasing in extent towards the 
outermost, each feather obliquely marked with black across the 
inner web from the base upwards and having a black oblique apical 
mark, these dark portions of the feathers decreasing in extent towards 
the outermost as the white increases; sides of face, sides of 
neck, throat, and fore neck black ; remainder of under surface white, 
the feathers black at base, the flanks somewhat washed with grey ; 
thighs black, tipped with white• under wing-coverts white, blackish 
at base, the edge of the wings black; quills blackish below, the 
secondaries broadly white at the base; " bill and tarsi blackish 
brown, toes paler, yellow on their inner surface; iris black" 
(Bidler). Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*7, tail 2*1, 
tarsus 0-85. 

Adult female. Differs from the male. Ashy brown above, the 
feathers with indistinct ashy-white shaft-lines• upper tail-coverts 
darker brown than the back, the outer feathers white, obliquely 
marked with brown from the base across the inner web, and tipped 
with brown; the penultimate feather with a large triangular patch 
of white at the tip of the inner web, the third with an indistinct 
spot of white at the tip of the inner web ,* wings dark brown, the 
primaries obscurely barred with dull whitish, forming a diagonal bar 
across the wing; the secondaries conspicuously white at the base, 
forming a large wing-patch somewhat tinged with brown; at the 
base of the forehead a small white spot; lores and a ring of feathers 
round the eye dull whitish; sides of face dark ashy brown, mottled 
with linear spots of white on the feathers; rest of under surface of 
body whitish, the sides of the body and thighs ashy brown; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries buffy white* quills dark brown below, 
barred with white near the base, broader across the inner secondaries. 
Total length 4*4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-55, tail 1*8, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Hal. North Island, New Zealand; Chatham Islands. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. New Zealand. Colonial Museum, Wel"
c. Jad.sk. New Zealand.
lington [E.]. 
Lieut. A. Smith [P.]. 

d. <J ad. ; e,f, $ ad. sk. NewZealand(JP.^ra^e). Capt. Stokes [P.J. 
g. d ad. sk, Chatham Islands. New Zealand Co. [P.]. 
176 MrtfcjeAPiD^. 

12. PetroecaBiacrocephala*. 
Great-headed Titmouse, Lath. Gen. 8yn. ii. p. 557, pi. lv. 
Paras macroceplmlus, Gm. 8. N, i. p. 1013 (ex Lath.) j 8teph. Gen. 

Zool. v. p. 51, pi. 5. 
Pachycephalus ? atistralis, Steph. Gen. Zool xiii. ]). 267. 
Rhipidura inacrocephala, Gray, in Dieffenb. Voy. ii. App. p. 190. 
Miro forsterorum, Gray, t c. p. 191. 
Miro dielfenbachii, Gray, t. c. p. 191. 
Petroica rnacrocephala, Gray, Voy. Freb. fy Terr. Birds, p. 6; id. 

Gen. B. i. p. 183 ; id. Ibis, 1862, p. 222; id. Hand-L B. i. p. 229, 
no. 3307. 
Petroica dienenbaehii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183; id. Ibis, 1862, p. 228; 

id. Hand-L B. i. p. 229, no. 3306; Mutton, Cat. N. Zeal B. p. 12. 
Turdus mimrtus, For&ter, Icon. ined. 149; id. Descr. Anim. p. 83. 
Mirornacrocepliala,Bp. Consp. i. p. 299. 
Miro dieffenbacliii, Bp. t. c. p. 300. 
Muscicapa rnacrocephala, Fllman, Zool. 1861, p. 7465. 
Muscicapa rninuta, Bllman, t. c. p. 7465. 
Myiomoira rnacrocepliala, Finseh, J. f. O. 1872, p. 163 j Buller, B. 

lY. Zeal. p. 126; Finseh, J.f.O. 1874, p. 188; Sharpe, Voy. Ereb. 
# Terr. Birds, App. p. 26. 
Myiomoira dieffenbacliii, Finseh, Tr. N. Zeal. Inst. vii. p. 229. 

Adult male. General colour above black, with a distinct frontal 
spot of white; wings black, the quills browner, the greater coverts 
slightly tipped with white; inner primaries with a white bar at 
about one third of their length from the base, represented on the 
outer web by an oblong white mark ; secondaries white at the base, 
forming a conspicuous wing-spot, some of the inner ones edged with 
white along the outer web, the innermost secondaries entirely 
blackish brown; tail black, the three outer feathers white, obliquely 
black on the inner webs, and marked with a blackish spot at the 
tip, this dark marking increasing on the penultimate and the next 
feather, which has the outer web entirely black; entire sides of face 
and throat black; rest of under surface light yellow, deepening into 
saffron-yellow round the throat, and fading into whitish on the • 
under tail-coverts; sides of body washed with greyish; thighs 
black; under wing-coverts and axillaries white with dusky grey 
bases; quills dull brown below, edged with light brown along the 
inner webs, with a broad white bar across the basal part of the 

* PETRCDCA rOR&TERI 
Petroica, sp , Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 161. 

Petroica forsfceri, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Is!. Pacific Ocean, p. 15. 
Hab. Isle of Pines, New Caledonia. 
This bird is mentioned here merely for the purpose of showing that it is a myth. 

Mr. Gray refers as a synonym the name of Turdus minutus, Forster (Descr. 
Anim. p. 84), but this, from the figure and description, is Petroeea rnacrocephala 
of New Zealand. At page 257 of the same work, Forster casually mentions 
having observed Turdus minutus on Spruce-Tree Island, New Caledonia ,* and 
this is apparently Mr. Gray's authority for naming the species Petroica forsteri, 
on the chance of its turning up in the locality. Should a Petrozca occur in New 
Caledonia, it would very likely be P. similis of the New Hebrides. 

1 t-tf-r

11 . PETJRCECA. 
1 / 4 
secondaries. Total length 4*9 inches, eulrnen 0*5, wing 2-8, tail 2*1, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
sooty brown, the wings rather darker than the back, and exhibiting 
a white speculum, formed by a white band across the inner secondaries 
at about one third of the distance from the base; on some of 
the inner primaries an indistinct mark of brown on the outer web; 
across the rump an indication of a buff-coloured band; upper tail-
coverts black; tail-feathers black, with a quadrate spot of white on 
the inner web of the third feather, the penultimate one with a broad 
band of white extending obliquely across both webs, and much 
larger on. the outermost, which is obliquely white across the central 
half; on the forehead a large white spot; ear-coverts and feathers 
below the eye black with white shark-lines; under surface of body 
yellowish, the throat whiter, washed on the sides with blackish; 
thighs blackish; under wing-coverts white with black bases; quills 
blackish, white at the base of the secondaries. Total length 5*2 
inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2-9, tail 2*3, tarsus 1. 

Young. In the young of both sexes the yellow is reduced to a 
scarcely perceptible tinge, and in some examples is altogether wanting. 
In the young male the breast is obscurely mottled with brown, and 
in the young female these markings extend to the flanks also. 

(Butter.) 
Hal. South fIsland, New Zealand ; Chatham Islands ; Auckland 
Islands. 

a, h. 3 2 ad. sk. New Zealand. New Zealand Co. [P.l. 

c. J ad; sk. New Zealand. New Zealand Co. IP.J. 
d. £ 
ad. sk. New Zealand. Dr. Sinclair [P.]. (Type 
of P. dieffenoachii.) 
e. <5 ad. sk. New Zealand. 
f,ff, h. <$ ad. sk. New Zealand (F. Strange). Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
*'. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Henry "Wharton, Esq. 
[*•]• 

h. 
r? ad. sk. Auckland Iblands. Antarctic Expedition 
[P.]. 
13. Petrceca vittata. 
Muscicapa vittata, 
Qttoy et Gaimard, Voy. de VAstrol i. p. 173, pi. 3. 
fig. 2. 
Petroica fusca, Gould, B, Austr. folio, iii. pi. 8; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 183; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299; Reichenb. Vo'g. Neuholl. pp.95, 289; 
Biggies, Orn. Atistr. pi 40. fig. 1. 
Amaurodryas vittata, Gould, Handb. B, Austr. i. p. 286; Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 183. 
Petroica vittata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 3302. 


Adult. General colour dusky brown with a slight olive tinge, the 
least wing-coverts like the back; median and greater series blackish 
brown, edged with lighter brown, the bastard wing margined with 
whitish, edge of the wing white; primary-coverts blackish; quills 
blackish, the inner primaries with a white spot near the base of the 


178 MUS01CAPLDJ5. 

outer web; the secondaries white at base, forming a speculum; inner 
secondaries externally margined with whity brown; tail-feathers 
brown, edged with lighter brown, slightly tipped with white, the 
outermost feather white on the outer web; an indistinct mark of 
whitish on the forehead; lores and sides of face brown with whitish 
shaft-lines; throat dull whitish ; breast brown with a rusty shade; 
remainder of under surface ashy brown, the lower abdomen and vent 
white; under tail-coverts brown, tipped with white; thighs brown, 
edged with white; under wing-coverts and axillaries brown with 
olive-brown edgings, the latter conspicuously white near the base of 
the outer web; quills dull brown below, white at the base of the 
secondaries; " bill, feet, and iris blackish brown " (Gould), Total 
length 6 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*65, tail 2-9, tarsus 1. 

Adult female. Like the male (Gould). 

Young. Yery dark brown above, striated with deep buff; beneath 
mottled brown and buffy white, the latter colour occupying the 
centre of the feathers (Goidd). 

Hab. Tasmania. Mr. Ramsay (I. c.) says South Australia also. 

a. Ad. sk. Tasmania. J. Gould, Esq. [p.]. 
6. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.J. 
12. PRATINCOLA. 
Type. 
Pratincola, Koch, Syst. d. Baier. Zool. p. 190 (1816) P. rubetra. 
Curruca, Leach, Cat. Mamm. fyc. Brit. Mus. p. 25 (1816) P. rubetra. 
Fruticicola, Macgill. Hist. Brit B. ii. p. 271 (1839) P. rubetra. 
Rubetra, G. B. Gray, List Gen. B. p. 22 (1840) P. rubetra. 

Bill and wing of Pratincola caprata. 

Range. The whole of Europe, Asia, and Africa, extending into 
the Malayan archipelago as far as the island of Celebes. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Chin and sides of throat white ; chest orange-
rufous, extending in a triangular patch onto 
the throat; primary - coverts white with 
brown tips : a broad white evebrow; basal f , . * ^ •, ™ 
{ rubetra

two thirls of tail white ....', <* ? > P- »» 

i. macrorhyncha, p. 182. 
12. PRATINCOLA. 
179 

, Chin and throat white, the orange of the chest 
not extending to the throat. 

a'. Upper tail-coverts white 5 head and upper 
surface of body black; primary-coverts 
white, forming an alar speculum tnsiynis, p, 183. 


b'. Upper tail-coverts not differing- from the rest 
of the upper surface, which is brown with 
dark centres to the feathers ; no alar speculum 
; the primary-coverts brown; chest 
and sides of body pale orange-rufous ... . borbonica, p. 188. 


c\ Upper tail-coverts white; upper surface of 
body blackish brown; no alar speculum ; 
chest above orange-chestnut; sides of body 
and rest of under surface dull white ... . salax, p. 184. 


, Chin and throat black. 
d'. Breast orange-chestnut. 

a". Upper tail-coverts white, spotted with 
black; under wing-coverts white, with 
black bases rubicola <£, p. 185. 

b". Upper tail-coverts pure white, unspotted. 

a'". Tail with scarcely any white at the 
base ; the white, when present, not 
visible on spreading the tail, being 
always hidden by the upper tail-
coverts. 


a4. Axillaries black maura, p. 188. 
b\ Axillaries white, with concealed black 

a5. Orange chest-patch large, occupying 
the whole breast and flanks.... torquota, p. 190. 

bs. Orange chest-patch restricted to the 
chest and upper breast, the flanks 
and sides white like the abdomen sybilla, p. 191. 

b"'. Tail for the most part white, which is 
easily distinguishable when the tail 
is spread. 


c4. Tail-feathers white on both webs for 
two thirds of their length hemprichi, p. 193. 
d\ Tail-feathers white on the inner webs 
only for nearly their entire length kucura, p. 194. 
\ Breast black like the throat; no orange-
chestnut patch on the breast, 
c". With the sides of the neck white, forming 
a conspicuous patch albifasciata, p. 198. 
d". With no white patch on the sides of the 
neck, which are entirely black caprata, p. 195. 

1. Pratincola nibetra. 
TheWhinchat. .. ,_ , ft, 
Le Grand Traquet ou Le Tarier, JBriss. Orn. 111. p. 432, pi. 24. 
fig. 1; Daubent. PI Enl vi. pi. 678. fig. 2. 
Le Traq.net du Senegal, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 441, pi. 20. fig. 3; Buff. 

Nat. Hist Ois. v. p. 228. 
Motacilla xubetra, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 332. 
Motacilla senegalensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 333 (ex Briss,). 
Sylyia rubetra, Scop, Ann, I p. 159: Lath. Ind. Orn, 11. p. 525. 

180 MUSCICAPID-E. 

Sylvia zya, Scop* Ann. i. p, 158. 

"Whinchat, Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 454. 

Sultry Wheatear, Lath. torn. cit. p. 455. 
Motacilla fervicla, Gm. Sybt. Nat. i. p. 908. 
Sylvia fervida, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 525. 
Saxicola rubetra, JBechst. Orn. Tastihenh. i. p. 219; Temm. Man. 


<FOrn. i. p. 244; Naimx. Vog. DeutscM. iii. pi. 89.figs. 3, 4; Werner, 
Atlas, Insectivores, pi. 73; Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. 93; Nordm. in 
Demidof, Voi/. Russia Merid. iii. p. 133 ; Kjcerb. Orn. Dan. pl.18 ; 

Yarr. Brit i?. i. p. 249; T/iomps. B. Irel. p. 174; Schl. Vog. 
Nederl. pi. 91; Hewits. Eggs Brit. B. i. p. 108, pi. 30. fig. 2; Schl 
Nederl. Vog. pi. 8. figs. 14, 15 ; Sundev. Su. Fogl. pi. 11.figs. 3, 4; 
Fritsch, Vog. Eur. pi. 25.figs. 2, 3; Linderm. Vog. Griechenl, p. 109; 
Neioton, eel. Yarr. JBrit.B. p. 344; Dresser,B. Eur. parts 23,24, plate. 

Pratincola rubetra, Koch, Syst. Baler. Zool. p. 191; Hartl. Orn. W.~ 
Afr. p. 67; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 179; Bp. Consp. i. p. 304; Cab. 
]\lus. Hein. Th. i. p. 10; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 67; Jaub. et Bartk. 
Lap. Rich. Orn. p. 225; Hartl. J.f 0.1861, p. 112; Degl. et Gerbe, 
Orn. Earop. i. p. 461; Loche, Expl. Sei. AlgSr. Ois. i. p. 211; Gray, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 227, no. 3275; Doderl Avif. Sicil p. 113; .Salvad. 

Uce. Ital. p. 89; Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. xlvi.; Bettoni, Ucc. 
Lomb. tav. 4; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 338; Blanf. Geol. fy 
Zool. Abyss, p. 364; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 81; Finsch, Tr. Z. S. 

vii. p. 323; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 27; Walden in Dresser, B. 
Eur. parts 23,24; tfssher, Ibis, 1874, p. 57; Severtz. Turhest. Jevotn. 
p. 65; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 337; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 80. 
OuiTUca rubetra, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. $c. Brit. Mus. p. 24. 
(Eaanthe rubetra, Vieill. N. Did. xxi. p. 427; Roucc, Orn. Prov. pi. 203. 
(Enanthe fervida, Vieill. N. Diet. xxi. p. 436. 
Saxicola orampes, Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1282. 
Saxicola pratorum, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 1282. 
Saxicola septentrionalis, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 1282. 
Saxicola rubecula (lapsu), Bp. Faun. Ital. Ucc. Introd. p. 8. 
Fruticicola rubetra, Macyill. Br. B.ii. p. 271. 
Rubetra major, Gray, List Gen. B. 1840, p. 22. 
Pratincola fervida, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 179 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. 
p. 67; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3287. 
Pratincola crampes, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 282. 
Pratincola pratorurn, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 282. 
Pratincola septentrionalis, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 282. 
Pratincola senegalensis, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 68; Gray, Hand-l. 
B.i. p. 228, no. 3288. 
Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above sandy buff, 
the feathers with longitudinal central streaks of blackish brown, 
imparting a striped appearance to the upper parts, the head rather 
darker and with broader streaks; rump and tipper tail-coverts 
rufescent buff, streaked with brown, the latter mottled with arrowhead 
subterminal spots of blackish brown; wing-coverts black, with 
a large white patch formed by the inner median and greater coverts, 
some of the latter with brown edges near their tips, the adjacent 
ones being black, white on the inner web ; primary-coverts white, 
tipped with blackisb brown, forming an alar speculum ; quills 
brown, edged narrowly with dull sandy buff, the bases of the inner 
primaries white, the secondaries narrowly tipped with buffy wbite; 
tail-feathers brown, narrowly edged with sandy colour, all of them 

12 . PRiTISTCOIA, 
181 

white at base, increasing in extent towards the outer ones, which 
have only the terminal third black, these feathers having also a 
narrow tip of pale buff to the inner web, the outermost feather 
wliite along the outer web; lores and a broad eyebrow white; sides 
of face and ear-coverts blackish brown, washed with golden brown ; 
chin and sides of throat white, extending backwards to the sides of 
the neck; throat and under surface of body orange-rufous, the centre 
of trie breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts burly whitish, deepening 
in colour on the latter ; under wing-coverts ashy white, with 
bases of dull grey, the greater series entirely of the latter colour; 
auxiliaries pale orange-buff, dark brown towards the base of the inner 
wet; quills dull brown below, ashy fulvous along the edge of the 
inner web ; bill and legs black ; iris dark brown. Total length 4*8 
inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*1, tail 1-85, tarsus 1. 

jidull female iii breeding-plumage. Differs from the male in being 
more fulvous above, the dark centres to the feathers less distinctly 
indicated, and all the dorsal plumes slightly tipped with a narrow 
fulvous edging ; upper tail-coverts as in the male, but instead of a 
subterminal spade-shaped spot there is only a bar; lores and eyebrow 
fuhous, not so dihtinct as in the male ; round the eye a ring 
of sandy-buff plumes; ear-coverts rufous, with narrow shaft-lines 
of buffy white ; cheeks buffy white, with a spot of dark brown just 
below the ear-coverts ; under surface of body as in the male, but 
very much paler, as also the under wing-coverts and axillaries; 
wing browner than in the male, the white patch less distinct and 
formed only by whitish edges and tips to the feathers; primary-
coverts whitish at base, forming a small speculum; tail as in the 
male, but the feathers more broadly edged with dull fulvous at 
th e tips. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3, tail 2*08, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Young male. Like the old female, and with pale whitish tips to 
the feathers of the upper surface; on the fore neck are several spots 
of blackish brown. 


Hah. Europe, migrating in winter to Senegambia, the Gold Coast, 
arid to TsTorth-eastern Africa. 


a, b. S 9 ad. sk. Cambridgeshire. Mr. J. Baker [0.]. 
c„ <$ ad. sk. Stratford-on-Avon. Mr. Quartermaine [C.]. 
cL Juv. st. Surbiton, Sept. % 1872. Dr. Giintker [P.I. 

e. Juv.sk. Pagham, Sussex, Sept. 9,1873. Dr. Giinther [P.]. 
f. Juv. sk. Pagham, Sept. 5, 1874 R. B. Sharpe,Esq, [P.]. 
q„ <$ ad. sk. Belgium, May 2,1872. Brussels Museum HP/]. " 
"h 9 imm. sk. Belgium, Dec. 5, 1871. Brussels Museum [P.]. 
t. rf ad. sk. Heligoland, May 1877 (L. Henry Seebomm Esq. 
Qatke). [?•]• 
fc. <? ad. sk. Malaga, Spain, April 1,1872. Howard Saunders, Esq. 

Z P ad sk. Mount Carmel, Palestine. Canon Tristram [0.]. 


m. ? ad. sk. Persia. SF^S 4 -, ^ 
n $ juv. sk. Rairo, Habab. ^ . T. Blanford, Esq. 
[0.]. 

o. 'J ad. sk. West Africa. 
182 MUSOICAPIDJE. 

2. Pratincola macrorhyncha. 
Pratincola rubetraoides, Jerd. B. Ind. iii. App. p. 872 (ex Jameson, 
MS.-, descr. nuttd); Dresser, B. Bur. parts 23, 24 (sub P. 
rubetra); Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 239. 

Pratincola rubetra, Hume, Ibis, 1869, p. 355, et 1871, p. 28 (nee L.). 
Pratincola macrorhyncha, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xli. p. 238; Hu?nef 
Str. F. 1876, p. 40, 1877, pp. 131, 241, 244, 1878, p. 53. 
Pratincola jamesoni, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 239 (nom. emend.). 

Adult male. A broad stripe over the eyes and over the greater 
portion of the ear-coverts white, with a slight buffy tinge; lower 
part of the lores dusky ; chin, throat, and entire lower parts, including 
lower tail-coverts and tibial plumes, white with a yellowish 
tinge, and a very feeble rufescent tinge on breast and flanks; wing-
lining and axillaries pure white, the former slightly mottled with 
dusky; forehead, crown, occiput, nape, back, and scapulars light 
sandy buff, striated longitudinally with hair-brown; rump and upper 
tail-coverts white, most of the feathers tinged towards their tips 
with pale rusty buff; primaries and secondaries hair-brown, margined 
on the outer webs with light buff and tipped with yellowish 
white, the primaries more narrowly, the secondaries more broadly; 
tertiary greater coverts, or, perhaps I should call them, lower scapulars, 
white ; tertiaries and greater and median secondary coverts 
deep brown, broadly margined with pale, more or less rufescent 
buff; entire visible portion of lesser coverts pale sandy buff; edge 
of wing and outer webs of earlier greater primary-coverts pure 
white; tail hair-brown, all the feathers margined on the outer 
webs with sandy buff or light yellowish brown, the outer web of 
the outermost feather almost entirely of this colour; all the feathers, 

except the central pair, with almost the entire inner webs white ; 
the outermost pair have an irregular subterminal brown band from 
0*2 to 0*3 inch wide on this web, but the rest have only a small 
patch of brown near the shaft close to the tip, the pair next the 
centre having the patch rather larger: there are traces of a dark 
streak from the base of the lower mandible down either side of the 
throat, expanding on the sides of the breast; doubtless in breeding-
plumage this streak and patch are black or blackish: " bill and feet 
black; iris brown." Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3, 
tail 2-12, tarsus 0*97. (Hume.) 

Breeding-plumage. Two or three of both my males and females 
have the lower parts of the lores, cheeks, ear-coverts, and entire 
sides of the throat (leaving only a narrow pure white stripe down 
the centre of the throat) black, the feathers only a little tipped 
with pale sandy, which doubtless in the breeding-season entirely 
disappears; also the lesser and median and the secondary greater 
wing-coverts and the winglet have become nearly black, only very 
narrowly edged with sandy buff, which colour also seems in the 
course of disappearing. (Hume.) 

Adult female in winter plumage. Similar to the male but smaller, 

12. PRATINCOLA. 
183 

and showing the dark streak and patch much less. Total length 
5-5 inches, oulmen 0*7, wing 2*9, tail 2, tarsus 0-93. {Hume,) 
Obs. For the differences in plumage between this species an$ P. 
rubetra, cf. Mr. Hume's articles (I. c). 
Hab. Forth-western provinces of India. 

3. Pratincola insignia. 
Saxicola insignia, Ilodgs. in Gray18 Zool. Misc. p. 83. 
Pratincola insignis, Myth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129; Bp. Comp. i. 

p. 305 j Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 127; Gray, Hand-l B. I p. 228, 
no. 3284; Dresser, B. Bur. parts 23, 24, note. 
Pratincola robustior, Marsh, 8tr. F. 1875, p. 331. 


Adult male (type of species). General colour above black, the 
rump-feathers greyer, with white tips, adjoining the upper tail-
coverts, which are pure white ; sides of neck white, almost forming 
a collar round the hind neck, the lateral feathers of which are white 
tipped with black; scapulars black, with sandy brown edges; wings 
black, with a large white patch, formed of the innermost of all the 
coverts (lesser, median, and greater), together with the bases of all 
the secondaries, which are also tipped with white; primary-coverts 
and base of primaries white, forming a large alar speculum; secondaries 
with narrow margins of sandy brown, more narrow on the 
primaries ; tail-feathers black, white at the base, but concealed by 
the upper tail-coverts; the outer feather a little browner towards 
the tip, the outermost narrowly edged with light brown along the 
outer web; sides of face, cheeks, and ear-coverts black ,* throat and 
sides of neck white; fore neck and breast orange-chestnut, the abdomen 
and under tail-cover,ts buffy whitish, the sides of the body 
washed with pale orange-chestnut; wing-coverts black, narrowly 
edged with white; axillaries white with black bases; quills blackish 
below, broadly white at the base of the inner webs, forming a large 
patch of white on the inner face of the wing. Total length 6*3 
inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*55, tail 2*5, tarsus 14. 

Hab. Eastern Himalayas. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Nepal. B. Ii. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
4. Pratincola borbonica. 
Motacilla borbonica, Bory de 8t. Vincent, Beytr. Naturg. Mascar. 
p. 152. 
Pratincola borbonica, 8chl P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422; Grand. Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool. 1867, pp. 88, 359; Schl. et Poll. Fame Madag. 
Ois. p. 94; Sharpe, P.Z.8. 1870, p. 394; Dresser, B. Fur. pts. 

23, 24, note; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 119. 
Adult male. General colour above dark earthy brown or chocolate, 
slightly varied with centres of more blackish brown; the lower 
back and rump slightly washed with rufous, the upper tail-coverts 
decidedly more rufescent; tail blackish brown, the feathers margined 

184 MTJSCICAPIDJfl. 

•with light brown, the outer ones paler towards the tips; wing-
coverts and quills rather blacker than the back and edged with 
lighter brown, becoming rufescent on the margins of the innermost 
secondaries; a white patch on the wing, formed by the innermost 
median and greater wing-coverts, which are also somewhat washed 
with brown externally; lores and a distinct eyebrow dull white; 
feathers in front of and below the eye and ear-coverts blackish, 
washed with reddish brown; sides of neck mixed with white, the 
bases to the feathers being white; cheeks and entire throat white; 
breast and sides of body orange-rufous, the middle of the abdomen 
and under tail-coverts buffy white; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white, with the external bases black; " bill black; feet dark; 
iris brown" (E. Newton). Total length 5*3 inches, culmen 0*5, 
wing 2'6, tail 1*9, tarsus 0'85. 
Adult female. Not unlike the male, but duller above and paler 
below, the white on the wing scarcely perceptible, the innermost 
greater coverts being ashy brown, edged or marked with white on 
the outer web. Total length 5*4 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*5, 
tail 2, tarsus 0*9. 


Hob. Island of Reunion or Bourbon. 

a, b. <$ ad. • c, d. J ad. sk. Reunion (Bewslier). R. B. Skarpe, Esq. [P.]. 

5. Pratincola salax. 
Pratincola salax, /. # E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1851, p. 307; 
Hartl. Orn. Westafr. p. 67; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 39; 
Hartl. J. f. 0. 1801, p. 112; Gray, Ann. N. R. (3) x. p. 443; 
id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3279; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 615 ; 
Peichen. J.f. 0. 1875, p. 50. . 

Pratincola olax, Strichl. Contr. Orn. 185z, p. 133. 

Adult male. General colour above blackish brown, with almost 
obsolete edgings of sandy brown, a little more distinct on the scapulars 
; upper tail-coverts white; tail-feathers blackish brown, 
with edgings of lighter brown on the outermost feather; wings 
blackish brown, with remains of pale tips on a few of the greater 
eoverts and inner secondaries; a large white patch on the wing, 
caused by the inner median and greater coverts, the innermost 
secondaries being also white at the base of the outer web; lores 
buff, extending above the fore part of the eye; sides of face dark 
brown; sides of neck mottled with white, the feathers being edged 
with dull white; throat ashy whitish, with dark brown base to the 
feathers; fore neck and chest rufous, forming a patch which contrasts 
with the rest of the under snrface, which is dull ashy white, the 
thighs darker brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries dull white 
with dusky bases ; quills dark brown below, whity brown along the 
inner web. Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*8, tail 2*1, 
tarsus 1. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above earthy brown, 
with darker brown centres to the feathers, imparting to the upper 
surface a somewhat mottled appearance; upper tail-coverts white; 

12. PKATINCOIA. 
185 

tail-feathers dark brown, with obsolete narrow margins of lighter 
brown ; wings brown, with a patch of white almost as distinct as in 
the male; primary-coverts and tips of secondaries with obsolete 
whity-brown edges; lores bufTy white; sides of face brown, with 
whitish shaft-lines to the ear-coverts ; throat ashy whitish, with 
dark bases to the feathers; fore neck and breast rufous, the rest of 
the under surface white; the sides of tho upper breast brown, the 
feathers of this part of the body having white bases ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries brown, with paler brown edges ; quills below 
dark brown, lighter brown along the inner webs. Total length 4*4 
inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-45, tail 1*85, tarsus 0-8. 

Young [male]. Blackish brown like the adult, with longitudinal 
fulvous-brown streaks; wing-coverts tipped with lighter brown ; 
white upper tail-coverts edged with dusky ; tail black, tipped with 
white; under surface of body rufous, the throat paler, and mottled 
with blackish bases to the feathers. 

Obs. The Gaboon birds are smaller than those from the Camcroons, 
but this may be owing to their being females. In this species the 
female appears to have a red breast-patch like the male. 

Hab. West Africa: Cameroons and Gaboon. 

a. $ ad. sk. Cameroons Mountains, 7000 ft. Major Burton [P.], 
b. S jnv. sk. Mount Isabel, £aj2oexoans~~ Major Burton [P.], 
e. § ad. sk. Gaboon (Bu Chailln). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
d. $ ad. sk. Gaboon. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
6. Pratincola rubicola. 
The Stonechat. 

Le Traquet, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 428, pi. 23. fig. 2; Baubent. JPL Enl, 

vLnl. 678. %. L 

Motacilla rubicola, Linn, Syst. Nat. i. p. 332. 

Stone-chat, Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 448. 

Sylvia nmscipeta, Scopoli, Ann. i. p. 159. 

Sylvia rubicola, Lath. Inch Orn. ii. p. 523. 

Saxicola rubicola, Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. i. p. 220, cum figs. 1, 2; 

Temm. Man. cF Orn. i. p. 246; Nanm. Tog. Beutschl. iii. pi. 90, 
figs. 3, 4, 5; Werner, Atlas, Insectlvores, pi. 74 ; Gould, B. Bur. 

ii. pi. 94; Nordm. in Demid. Toy. Bussie Mirid. iii. p. 132; Yarr. 
Brit. B. i. p. 245; Kjcerb. Orn. Ban. pi. 18; T/wmps. B. Irel. 
i. p. 172; Schl. Tog.'Nederl pi. 92; Ileioits. Bggs Brit. B. i, 
p. 107, pi. 30. fig. 1 ; Schl Nederl. Tog. pi. 8. fig. 10; Sundev. Sv. 
Fogl. pi. 66. fig. 2; Fiitsch, Tog. Bur. tab. 25. fig. 4; Linderm. 
Tog. Griechenl p. 109; Neivton, ed. Yarr. Brit B. p. 339 ; Bresser, 
B. Bw\ parts 23, 24, plate. 
Pratineola rubicola, Koch, Syst. Baier. Zool. p. 192; Go-ay, Gen. B. 
i. p. 179; Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 10; Bp. Consp. i. p. 304; 
Marti. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 66; Jaub. et Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Om, 
p. 226; Bartl. j/f. O. 1861, p. 112; Begl et Gerbe, Orn. Etir. i. 
p. 462; Locke, Expl. Sci. AlgSr. Ois. i. p. 213 ; Gould, B. Gt. Br. 
ii. pi. 47; Bettoni, TJcc. Lomb. i. tav. 66; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. 
p. 227, no. 3274; Sahad. TJcc. Ital. p. 90; Boderl. Avif. Sicil. 
p. 113; Shelley, B, Egypt, p. 81; Walden, in Bresser, B. Eur. 
parts 23, 24; Irby, B.%Gibr. p. 80. 
Curruca rubicola, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm, $c. Brit. Mus. p. 24. 
VOL. iv. o 

186 MtJSClCAPIJLLE. 

(Enantlie rubicola, Vieill 2Vr. Diet xxi. p. 429. 
GEnanthe rubicolla, Roux, Orn. Prov. pi. 202. 
Saxicola fruticeti, Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1582. 
Saxicola media, Brehm, torn, cit p. 1282. 
Saxicola tytis, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 1282. 
Saxicola urbicola, Kuster, Isis, 1835, p. 217. 
Fruticola rubicola, Mac gill. Brit B. ii. p. 279. 
Motacilla rupicola (lausu), Zawadzld, Faun, galh.-bukoivinisehen Wirb. 


p. 38 (1840, teste fweeddale). 
Saxicola maura, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 283 (nee Pall.). 
Adult male in breeding-jplnmage. General colour above jet-black, 
with more or less distinct remains of sandy-brown edgings to 
the feathers, especially on the scapulars; upper tail-coverts "white 
with subterminal spots of black, the tips being also slightly shaded 
with sandy buff; wings black, with remains of whitish edgings on 
the greater coverts and at the tips of the secondaries, the latter 
being also margined with sandy brown; a large shoulder-patch of 
white, formed by the innermost median and greater coverts and the 
bases to the inner secondaries; tail dark brown, with edgings and 
tips of sandy brown on all the feathers, particularly the outermost, 
which has a narrow sandy-brown margin along the outer web; 
sides of face, ear-coverts, and entire throat black, with obsolete 
remains of sandy margins; fore neck and entire breast orange-
rufous ; the feathers on the sides of the breast white with rufous 
tips ; on the sides of the neck a large patch of white, reaching in a 
triangular form to the edge of the throat; rest of under surface 
buffy white, the flanks wasbed with orange-rufous; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white with black bases; quills blackish brown 
below, white along the edge of the inner web. Bill and legs black; 

iris dark brown. Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*6, 
tail 1*9, tarsus 0*9. 

Adidt male in ivinter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage 
in being sandy brown above; the black feathers of the upper surface 
being very broadly edged with this colour, and producing a mottled 
appearance where the black bases to the feathers show through; 
wings black, all the feathers plainly edged with sandy brown, 
inclining to buffy white at the tips of the median, greater, and 
primary coverts and of the secondary quills; upper tail-coverts 
rufous, with concealed white bases and distinct subterminal spots 
of black; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with sandy brown and 
distinctly tipped with fulvous; black feathers on the sides of the 
face and throat obscured by broad margins of sandy buff; the white 
feathers on the sides of the neck scarcely distinguishable, and 
obscured by broad tips of sandy rufous; the white feathers on the 
sides of the upper breast with a tip of dusky brown to each; rufous 
feathers of the breast and flanks edged with sandy buff, the abdomen 
and the under tail-coverts being of the latter colour. 

Obs. The summer plumage is gained by the wearing away of the 
light edgings to the feathers, and not by a distinct moult. 

Adult female. General colour above sandy brown, with dark brown 
centres to the feathers, producing a mottled appearance; the upper 

12. PJUTI.N0OH, 
tail-coverts rufescent, with concealed while marks about the middle 
of the feathers, which are longitudinally streaked towards the tip 
with blackish brown ; wings blackish brown with broad sandycoloured 
margins ; the white wing-patch smaller than in the male, 
but formed in the same manner; tail-feathers dark brown, edged 
with sandy buff, more distinct on the outermost feather, all of them 
having sandy-buff tips; lores and an indistinct eyebrow fulvous; 
ear-coverts darker brown, streaked with fulvous; throat ashy buff, 
with concealed blackish bases to the feathers, and an indistinct spot 
of black on the lower throat, on each side of the latter a triangular 
patch of white running up behind the ear-coverts; fore neck, breast, 
and sides of body pale orange-rufous; abdomen, thighs, and under 
tail-coverts sandy buff; under wing-coverts and axillaries white 
with blackish bases ; quills dusky brown below, edged with white 
along the inner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2*5, 
tail 1*9, tarsus 0-85. 

The winter plumage of the female does not differ much from the 
summer dress, excepting that the general tone of coloration is 
browner, the feathers of the upper surface being more broadly edged 
with brown; the throat is entirely ashy buff, the black jugular 
spot, as well as the white on the sides of the neck, being completely 

obscured. 

Young. Mottled; general colour above blackish brown, with grey 
bases to the feathers, each of which has a triangular spot of buff 
near the tip; head streaked with the latter colour; rump and upper 
tail-coverts rufescent, mottled with brown edgings to the feathers ; 
wings dark brown, with broad rufescent margins to the wing-coverts 
and quills ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged and tipped with sandy 
rufous, broader on the outermost feather; lores dull whitish with 
fulvous tips; round the eye a ring of buff feathers; ear-coverts 
dark brown streaked with fulvous; cheeks and throat ashy fulvous, 
the latter slightly mottled with brown tips; rest of under surface 
pale rufous-buff; fore neck and breast mottled with brown tips to 
the feathers. 

Hah. Europe, extending into Palestine and eastwards into Russia, 
its range coalescing with that of P. maura probably somewhere in 
the watershed of the Yolga river, perhaps between that river and 
the Don. 

a. c? ad. sk. Great Britain. 
btc. S ? ftd. st. Turnham Green. Mr. X Baker [C.] 
d. 
$ ad.; e. Juv.sk. Pagham, Sussex, Sept. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
1874 
/ . 
Q ad. sk. Avington, Hants, Nov. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
11th, 1878. 

g. $ ad. sk. Belgium, May 2, 1872. Brussels Museum [P.]. 
h. S ad. sk. Seville, Dec. 7th, 1869. Howard Saunders, Esq. 
i. <J ad. sk. Xanthus, Asia Minor. Sir C. Fellows [P.]. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Sidon. Canon Tristram [Q,\ 
I. ? ad. sk. Jericho. Canon Tristram [C.J, 
o2 

168 MTJSCICAPIDJS. 

7. Pratincola maura. 
Motacilla niaura, Pall. Reis. ii. Anhang, p. 708; Gm. 8. N. i. p. 975. 
TbChecantschiM, Lepechin, K Cormn. Petrop. xv. p. 487, pi. 25. fig. 3 ; 

id. Tageb. Reise Russ. Bricks, ii. p. 186. 
Moor Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 458. 
Sylvia maura, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 526. 
Sylvia tachecantschia, id. torn. cit. p. 552. 
(Enanthe maura, VieilL N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 428. 
Saxicola rubicola {nee X.), Franld. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 119; Sykes, 

P. Z. S. 1832, p. 91; Temm. 8f ScJiL Faun. Japon. Aves, p. 58; 
Middend. Reis. Sibir, p. 174 ; Schrenck, Reis. Amurlande, p. 358 ; 
Radde, Sibir. Reis. ii. p. 247. 
Saxicola saturatior, Hodgs, in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83. 
Pratincola indica, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129; id. Cat. B. Mus. 


A. 8. B. p. 170 ; Bp. Com}), i. p. 305 ; Gould, B. Asia, pt. xv. 
Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 124; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3283 
Swinh. P. Z. S.1871, p. 360; Cock $ Marsh, Sir. F. 1873, p. 355 
Lloyd, Xbis, 1873, p. 411; Ball, S. F. 1874, p. 413; Blyth $ Wald. 
B. Burm. p. 102; Brooks, 8. F. 1875, p. 238; Butler, t. c. p. 475; 
Severtz. t c. p. 429 ; Scully, 8. F. 1876, p. 142; Fairb. t. c. p. 259; 
Brooks, t. c. p. 274; Armstr. t. c. p. 3z7; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. 
F-ance, i. p. 145; Inglis, 8. F. 1877, p. 36; Przew. in Rowley 
Orn. Misc. part vi. p. 185 ; David § Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 167 
Hume f Davison, 8. F. 1878, g. 334. 
Saxicola indica, Gray, Gen. B. iii. Ajpp. p. 8. 
Pratincola saturatior, Horsf. § M., Cat B. Mus. F.I. Co. i. p. 285. 
Pratincola sybil]a, Horsf. $• Moore, Cat. B. Mus. F.I. Co. i. p. 286 


(nee Linn.). 
Saxicola rubicola, var. henrpricbii, Radde, Sib. R. ii. p. 247, pi. 9.fig. 2. 
Pratincola robusta, Tristr. Ibis, 1870, p. 497; Brooks, Sir. F. 1876, 

p. 274 ; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 131, et 1878, p. 335. 
Pratincola rubicola sybilla, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 340 (nee 
X.). 
Pratincola pastor, Blanf. Geol. 8? Zool Abyss, p. 364 (nee Voigt) ; 
Finsch, TV. Z. 8. vii. p. 323. 
Pratincola rubicola, pt., Severtz, Tm'kest. Jevotn. p. 65 ; Ih-esser, B. 
Fur. parts 23, 24; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 337; Hume, Nests and Eqgs 
Ind. B.y. 316; Walden in Blyth, B. Burm. p. 102; Seebohm $ 
Brown, Ibis, 1876, p. 216. 

Pratincola albosuperciliaris, Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 307. 
Pratincola rubetra, Marsh, Str. F, 1875, p. 330 (lapsu)* 


Adult male in breeding^plumaye (Yen-e-say Valley, East Siberia, 
lat. 66%°, June 22, 1877). General colour above jet-black, with a 
few remains of sandy edgings to the scapulars and dorsal plumes; 
some of the scapulars tipped with white; wings black, the quills 
browner, with obsolete sandy-brown margins to the wing-eoverts 
and secondaries; a large white wing-patch, formed of the inner, 
median, and greater coverts and the bases to the inner secondaries; 
rump and upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail-feathers black, white 
at the extreme base; sides of face and throat black like the head; 
sides of neck white, flanking the sides of the lower throat and of 
the upper breast; fore neck and chest orange-rufous ; breast, abdomen, 
sides of body, and under tail-coverts white, with a very faint 

12. PKATINCOLA. 
wash of fulvous on the flanks; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
jet-black, with narrow and almost obsolete white tips; quills brown 
below, white at base and along the edge of the inner web; bill 
black; feet black; iris dark brown. Total length 4-3 inches, 
culmen 0*45, wing 2*6, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. If. Seebohm.) 

Adult female (Valley of the Ycn-e-say, June 11th, 1877). 
General colour above brown with sandy-buff edges to the feathers, 
broader and more extended on the scapulars ; wings dark brown, 
with sandy-brown margins to the feathers, the greater series with 
buff tips, the secondaries tipped with whitish; a smaller white 
patch than in the male, formed by the innermost median and greater 
coverts and the concealed buffy-white bases of the innermost secondaries 
; rump and upper tail-coverts reddish buff, the latter slightly 
marked with brown; tail dark brown with very narrow fulvous 
tips and margins to the outer feather; a narrow frontal line, lores, 
feathers above and round the eye fulvous; ear-coverts dark brown, 
streaked with fulvous; sides of neck mottled, being sandy buff with 
dark brown centres to the feathers; cheeks and throat dull ashy 
fulvous; remainder of under surface of body pale sandy buff, a few 
of the feathers of the fore neck and chest with orange-rufous centres; 
under wing-coverts ashy fulvous, the axillaries sandy buff with dark 
brown bases to the feathers. Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 0-45, 
wing 2-6, tail 1*75, tarsus 0*85. (Mus. ff. Seebohm,) 

Hah. India, Burmese countries, extending eastwards to China 
and Japan; throughout Siberia, westwards to the Petchora river 
in Northern Russia, and south of the Ural river. In the Eastern 
Himalayas a large race (P. rohusta, Tristr.) is found (<?/. Hume, 
Str. E. 1877, p. 244). 

a. $ ad. sk. list Zyhna, Petchora Henry Seebohm, Esq. 
River, May 25, 1875. [P.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. Yen-e-say Valley, 67° N. Henry Seebohm, E^q. 
lat., July 4,1877. [P.]. 
c. d. $ 9 ad. sk. Kuschowat, Ob River, Dr. Otto Finsch [0.]. 
July 11,1876. 
e. $ imm. sk. India. 
/ . <£ hiem. sk. India. Capt. W. Elliot. 
g. S ad. sk. Sindh. Dr. Henry Gould [P.]. 
h. 
$> ad. sk. Grhuzni. Dr. Henry Gould 
i. <$ ad. sk. Cashmere. R.B.Sharpe,Esq.tP.]. 
hj I. <$ ad, * m} n,§ ad. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinsk. 
will JT.]. 
o, p. <$ imm. sk. N.W. Himalayas, Capt. Stackhouse Pin-
will [P.]. 
q, r,s. <$ad.; t-tv. J Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
hiem. si I?-]x-
c'. cJ ad.; d\ Juv.sk. Nepal. 

B. 
H. Hodgson, Esq. 
[P.]. 
e'. (S hiem. sk. Darjiling. 

Secretary of State for 

India [P.]. 

f. 
c? hiem. sk. 
Darjiling(r. C. Jcrdon), C. Bygrave" Wharton, 

Esq. [P.l 

g\ ($;h'fi'. $ ad.sk. -Behar. B. H. Hod* Lgson, Esq. 
[P.]. 

100 MUSClCAPIDiK. 
h\ l\ 6 ? ad. sk. Kamptee, C. India. Dr. B. Hinde fP.]. 
m\ <$ Mem, sk. Assam. Secretary of State for 
India [P.]. 
n. <$ Mem. sk. Upper Burmali. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 

o'. $ ad. sk Bhamau, Upper Burmah, Dr. J. Anderson [0.]. 
Jan. 3, 1868. 
;/. <$ hiem. sk. Tsitkau, Upper Burmali, Dr. J. Anderson [0.]. 

Feb. 2, 1875. 
q\ <$ Mem. sk. Tenasserim. J. 0. D. Packman, Esq. [P.l. 
;•'. S ad. sk. Senaf<5, Tigre*, 7500 feet. W. T. Blanford, Esq. *C.\ 
s', f. <S $ ad. sk. Adigrat, 8000 feet. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [0/ . 
«'. 4 ad. sk. Mountains of Abyssinia. Sir W. C. Harris [0.]. 

8. Pratincola torquata. 
Le Gobe-mouche a collier du Cap de Bonne Espe'rance, Brissoti, Or?z. 
ii. p. 379, pi. 36. fig.4; Daubent. PI Ed. v. pi. 672. %. % 
Muscicapa torquata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 328. 
Cape Fly catcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. p. 326. 
Le Traquet p&tre, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 88, pi. 180. figs. 1, 2 j 
Sundev. Crit. om Levaill. p. 44. 
(Enantke rubicola, var., Vieill. N. Diet. tfHisL Nat. xxi. p. 435. 
Motacilla (Saxieola) pastor, V<rigt9 ed. Cuv. Pegne Anim. i. p. 511. 
Pratincola pastor, Strickl. Ann. N. H. 1844, p. 410; Layard, B. S. 

Afr. p. Ill ; Dresser, B. Pur. parts 23,24, note; Antin. & Salvad, 

Viagg. Bogos, p. 103. 
Pratincola sybilla, Cab. Mits. Hein. Th. i. p. 10 (nee L.). 
Pratincola torquata, Sundev. Crit. om Levaill. p. 44 ; Grill, Zool. An


teahn. p. 27; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 227, no. S276 ,* Sharpe, Cat. 
Afr. B. p. 28 ; Gumey in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 162; Sharpe, 
ed. Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 251. 

Pratincola rubicola, vhapm. Trav. in & Afr. ii. App. p. 399. 

Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above black, with 
a few remains of sandy-brown edgings to the scapulars and feathers 
of the lower back; wing-coverts black, with narrow and nearly 
obsolete white edgings to the greater and primary-coverts; inner 
median and inner greater coverts pure white, forming a large patch 
on the wings; quills dark brown, with obsolete edgings of whity 
brown, a little plainer on the tips of the secondaries, the innermost 
of which are white at the base ; feathers of lower back: Mack, with 
white tips* where they adjoin the ramp, which is white as well as 
the upper tail-coverts; tail blackish, browner towards the tip and 
white at the extreme base, the outer feathers obsoletely margined 
with whity brown ; sides of face, throat, and fore neck black like 
the crown ; sides of neck white, forming a half-collar, the feathers 
adjoining the hind neck white with black tips; breast orange-chestnut, 
fading rather paler on the flanks, the abdomen buffy whitish, 
the under tail-coverts white; on each side of the upper breast a 
patch of pure white feathers connected .with the white on the sides 
of the neck; under wing-coverts black, with broad white edges ; 

axillaries white, with black bases; quills brown below, whitish 
along the inner web ; bill and feet black; iris dark hazel. Total 
length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-o} wing 2*75, taikMo, tarsus 0*95. 

12 . PRATINCOLA. 
Adult male in winter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage 

in having the whole of the black feathers obscured by duU rusty


coloured edges, which are found even on the throat and the chestnut 

breast-feathers; white neck-patch obscured by rusty margins to the 

plumes; white bases to the inner secondaries broader, and these 

feathers sometimes so broadly edged with white as to form a narrow 

longitudinal bar down the wing. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 

dark brown, the feathers lighter and more fulvous-brown on their 

edges, imparting a somewhat mottled appearance; head slightly 

darker than the back, the pale edgings to the feathers not so appa


rent ; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, edged with lighter brown, 

the white wing-patch not so conspicuous as in the male, the inner 

median coverts being merely tipped with white, while the inner 

greater coverts are white more or less washed with brown markings, 

the innermost secondaries white at the base; upper tail-coverts 

white, the longer ones with blackish tips; lores and a tolerably 

distinct eyebrow fulvous ; sides of face also fulvous, the upper edge 

of the ear-coverts brown; chin ashy fulvous, the lower throat mot


tled with dark brown bases to the feathers, as also are the hinder 

cheeks; remainder of under surface orange-chestnut, the abdomen, 

thighs, and under tail-coverts fulvous; sides of upper breast brown; 

under wing-coverts ashy whitish, with blackish bases to the feathers; 

quills brown below, fulvescent along the inner web. Total length 

5*5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*5, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*85. 

Hah. South Africa. 

a. $ ad. sk. South Africa. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. South Africa. J. Rocke, Esq. [P.]. 
c. S ad. sk. South Africa. Oapt. Stanley [P.]. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Natal. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Zambesi {Heller). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
g. S ad. sk. Cape of Good Hope. 
h. $ ad. sk. Cape of Good Hope. Sir Andrew Smith [C.]. 
9. Pratincola sybilla. 
Le Traquet de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 439, pi. 24.fig. 4. 
Motacilla sybilla, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 337. 
Le Fitert, Buf. Nat. Hist Ois. v. p. 231. 
Sybil Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 450. 
Sylvia sybilla, Lath. hid. Orn. ii. p. 523. 
Pratincola sybilla, Bp. Consp. i. p. 304- Hartl Faune Madag. p. 88 


Boch k B. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 272; B. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 345 

Pratincola pastor (nee Voigt), Hartl Faune Madag. p. 39* Orandid. 

Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 359. 

Saxicola torquata, Schl # Boll. Faun. Madag. Ois. p. 93. 

Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above jet-black, 
the upper tail-coverts white ; tail black, browner towards the tips 
of the outer feathers ; wings black, with obsolete browner margins 

192 HtJscic.ipiD.ae. 

to tlie quills, and having a large white patch, formed of the inner


most median and greater coverts and the white bases to the inner


most secondaries; sides of face, throat, and fore neck "black, succeeded 

by a small chest-patch of orange-chestnut, the whole of the breast, 

abdomen, and under tail-coverts being pure white, which encroaches 

along the sides of the breast and extends on the sides of the neck, 

where it forms almost a half-collar, the adjoining feathers of the 

hind neck being black with more or less white on their outer webs; 

Tinder wing-coverts black, with narrow white edges; axillaries 

white, with dusky grey bases; quills blackish below, edged with 

white along the inner webs ; " bill black; feet lead-colour; iris 

dusky " (Hartlaub). Total length 4-9 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2-6, 

tail 2, tarsus 0-9. 

Adult male in winter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage 

in having the black plumage obscured by sandy-rufous edgings to 

the feathers. 

Adult femede. Different from the male. General colour above 

blackish brown, the feathers obscurely margined with ashy fulvous, 

producing a mottled appearance, which is more conspicuous on the 

head; wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, with ashy fulvous 

margins, and having a small white patch, produced by the innermost 

median and greater coverts and the white bases to the innermost 

secondaries; upper tail-coverts sandy rufous with white bases; 

tail-feathers dark brown, lighter brown at their tips and inclining 

to whity brown at the end and along the outer web of the external 

feathers; lores, feathers round the eye, and an indistinct eyebrow 

ashy whitish, with dusky bases to the feathers; ear-coverts rufescent 

brown, with fulvous streaks along the centre of the feathers; cheeks 

and sides of neck mottled, the plumes being brown with fulvous or 

white edgings ; throat ashy whitish, slightly washed with rufous, 

the shaft-streaks white, the lower feathers edged with brown; fore 

neck and chest pale orange-rufous, the sides of the body, thighs, 

and under tail-coverts washed with the same colour ; centre of the 

breast and abdomen buffy white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

white, with dusky grey bases; quills ashy brown below, whitish 

along the edge of the inner webs. Total length 4*4 inches, culmen 

0*5, wing 2-55^ tail 2, tarsus 0*9. 

Young. Blackish brown above, varied with longitudinal streaks of 
fulvous down the feathers, smaller on the head; the back and scapulars 
washed with dull sandy rufous, with a black terminal edging1; 
wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, tipped with sandy rufous or 
buffy white, the inner secondaries more broadly edged with rufous, 
the white wing-patch only represented by white mesial streaks to 
the inner greater coverts ; upper tail-coverts dull sandy rufous; 
tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with sandy rufous, and becoming 
paler towards the ends, which have pale brown tips and terminal 
margins ; feathers over the eye and ear-coverts blackish, longitudinally 
streaked with sandy buff; lores fulvescent, with lighter shaft-
lines ; throat dull buff-colour, mottled with dark brown edges to 
the feathers ; remainder of under surface dull orange-rufous, edged 

12 . PBATTNCOli.. 193? 
•with, dark "brown, the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts uniform 
sandy buff, without brown edges to the feathers ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries whitish, with dusky bases; quills dark brown 
below, buffy whitish along the edge of the inner webs. 
Hah. Madagascar. 

at &• 6 ? a<3.*s^' Mohambo, Madagascar. Mr. Gerrard [C.]. 

c. Juv. sk. Madagascar. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 
d. $ ad. sk. N.E. Madagascar. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Tintingue, 1869. R. B. Sliarpe, Esq. 
t\ <$ ad. &k. Bay of Antouzil. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
10. Pratincola hemprichi. 
Saxieola hertiprichii, Ehrerib. Sytiib. Bhys. fol. act. 
Pratincola hemprichii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 304; Cab. Mas. JEein. Th. L 

p. 11; Gray, Kand-l B. i. p. 227, no. 3278 ; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 82 
Blmif. GeoL <§• Zool. Abyss. pt 304; Fimch, TV. Z. S. vii. p. 323 
tieverts. Turhest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 120; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 338 
id B. Eur. parts 23, 24, note; Hume, 8. F. 1875, p. 239, note^ 
1877, p. 244; Antin. § Salvad. Viagy. Boc/os, p. 104. 
Pratincola rubicola hemprichii, Heitgl. Ont.'X.O.-Afr, p. 339. 
Adult male. General colour above black, with remains of pale 
sandy-coloured edgings to the feathers; rump and upper tail-coverts 
white, tipped with rufous; tail-feathers black, margined and tipped 
with sandy buff, more distinctly on the two outermost, all the 
feathers white for two thirds of their length, excepting the centre 
pair, which are white only at their base; wings black, with narrow 
sandy-baff margins to the feathers, more distinct on the secondaries; 
a large white wing-patch formed of the inner, median, and greater 
coverts and the innermost secondaries, the latter being black along 
their middle; sides of head and throat black; throat and breast 
orange-chestnut; centre of the body fulvous, the flanks washed with 
pale orange-chestnut; under tail-coverts whiter; on the sides of the 
neck a conspicuous triangular patch of white; sides of the upper 
breast white, washed with orange ; under wing-coverts black with 
white edges• axillaries white with black bases; quills blackish below, 
edged with white along the inner webs ; bill and legs black ; 
iris dark brown. Total length 4*7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*85, 
tail 2, tarsus 0*85. 
Adult female. General colour above sandy buff, varied with darker 
brown centres to the feathers • upper tail-coverts white, washed with 
pale rufous, the longer ones with a brown spot at the tip; tail-
feathers dark brown, edged and tipped with sandy buff, more distinct 
on the outer ones; wings blackish brown, with distinct edgings of 
sandy buff, narrower on the primaries; the white wing-patch distinct 
and formed as in the male; base of forehead and lores sandy buff, 
extending over the fore part of the eye and forming an indistinct 
eyebrow; round the eye a ring of fulvous feathers; ear-coverts 
darker brown, obscured by sandy brown edgings ; throat ashy 
falvoub, with a blackish spot on the lower part where the dark bases 

194

 MUSCICAPIDiK. 

to the feathers show through; fore neck, breast, and sides of body 
pale orange-rufous; the centre of the body buffy whitish, pure white 
on the under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish 
with dusky bases ; quills ashy brown below, whitish along the inner 
webs. Total length 4*8 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2'6, tail 1*9, 
tarsus 0-8. 

Hah. N.E. Africa, ranging to South-eastern Europe as high as 
the river Ural in 47° 1ST. lat. (teste Severtzoff). 

a. c? ad. sk. Annesley Bay, Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [0.1. 
b. ?2 ad. sk. Thebes, Egypt. Dr. Leith Adams [P.]. 
c. J ad. sk. Bogos Land (Fsler). E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
11. Pratiacola leucura. 
Pratincola leucura, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 474; id. Cat. B. Mm. 

A. S. B. p. 170,-Bp. Consp. i. p. 305; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 126; 
Gould, B. Asia, part xviii.; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3285 ; 
Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 183, 1874, p. 478, 1875, p. 135; Blyth fy 
Wald. B. Burm. p. 102 ; Hume 8? Davison, 8. F. 1878, p. 335. 
Adult male in summer plumage. General colour above jet-black, 
with remains of sandy-brown edgings to the scapulars; rump a little 
greyer than the back; upper tail-coverts white, two centre tail-
feathers blackish brown, white at the base, the remaining feathers 
dark brown on the outer web, white on the inner; the wings black, 
the quills browner, with obsolete paler margins; a white wing-
patch, formed by the innermost median and greater coverts and the 
white outer webs of the innermost secondaries; sides of the head and 
throat black, followed by a patch of orange-rufous occupying only 
the fore neck and chest; remainder of under surface white, slightly 
washed with orange on the sides of the body; on each side of the 

lower throat a triangular white patch reaching backwards onto the 
sides of the neck; under wing-coverts black edged with white, the 
axillaries white with black bases; quills dull brown below, whitish 
along the inner webs. Total length 4*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 
2% tail 1-9, tarsus 0-8. 


Adult male in winter plumage. Above sandy brown, almost uniform, 
the black centres to the feathers being effectually concealed; 
upper tail-coverts white, sandy rufous at their ends; tail-feathers 
dark brown, edged with sandy colour, the inner webs white, slightly 
shaded with sandy buff at the tips ; wings black, with broad sandy-
brown edges to the feathers, the inner secondaries margined with 
rufous, some of the feathers forming the white wing-patch edged 
with brown; a loral line of ashy white; feathers in front of and 
round the eye black, with sandy-brown edgings; throat black, 
obscured by ashy-whitish margins to the feathers ; on each side of 
the lower throat a white patch half concealed by rufous tips to the 

feathers; breast and sides of body orange-rufous, the feathers edged 
with sandy buff; plumes on the sides of the upper breast white, 
tipped rufous; under wing-coverts and axillaries white with dusky 
bases. 

12. PIU11NC0H. VJ5 
Adult female. General colour above earthy brown, with more or 
less distinct remains of sandy-brown edges; upper tail-coverts sandy 
buff; tail-feathers brown, dull white along the basal portion of the 
inner web; wings brown, with buffy-white tips to the greater 
coverts; wing-patch smaller than in the males, formed by the white 
outer webs of the innermost median and greater coverts, the outer 
webs of the innermost secondaries being also dull white near the 
base; lores fulvous, extending over the fore part of the eye; round 
the latter a ring of sandy buff; ear-coverts brown, with fulvou$ 
bhaft-lines; cheeks and throat white ; breast and sides of body paler 
orange-buff, the centre of the abdomen buffy white; under wing-
coverts and axillaries pale sandy buff with dusky bases; quills 
brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total 
length 5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2-45, tail 2, tarsus 0*8. 

Hob. India and Burmese countries. 

a. <$ ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. StackhousePinwill[P.]. 
b, c. $ 2 sestiv. sk. Upper Burmah. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P."|. 
d. £ hiem. sk. Upper Burmah. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 
12. Pratincola caprata. 
La Traquet de l'isle de Lucon, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 444, pi. 24.figs.2, 3; 

Daubent. PI. Fnl. vi. pi. 235. 

Motacilla caprata, Linn. 8. Nat. i. p. 335; Martens, J.f. 0.1866, p. 10. 

(Enanthe caprata, Vieill N. Diet, xxi. p. 433. 

Saxicola fruticola, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 157. 

Saxicola bicolor, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 02. 

Saxicola erythropygia, Sykes, t. c. p. 92. 

Motacilla sylvatica, Tickell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 575. 

Saxicola caprata, Jerd. Madr. J. x. p. 265; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 179; 

id. Cat. B. Nepal coll. Hodgs. p. 71; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 167. 
Saxicola meloleuca, Hodgs. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 98 (JIodgs.no. 420); 
id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83. 
Pratincola caprata, Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129; id. Cat. B. Mus. 

A. S. B. p. 169; Bp. Consp. I p. 305; Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 11; 
Horsf. 8r Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.L Co. i. p. 284; Jerd. B. Ind. 
ii. p/123 ; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 228, no. 3282 ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 454; Htime, 8tr. F. 1873, p. 182; Adam, t. c. p. 379; Ball, 
Str. F. 1874, p. 413; Hume, t. c. p. 477, et 1875, p. 134; id. Nests 
and Fggs Ind. B. p. 313; Brooks, 8. F. 1875, p. 238; Blyth 8f 
Walden, B. Burm. p. 102; Walden, Tr. Z. 8. viii. p. 63, ix. p. 192; 
8ahad. Ucc. Born. p. 252; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. 

p. 335; Blanford, Fast Persia, p. 144; Fairb. 8. F. 1876, p. 259; 
Butler. 8. F. 1877, p. 229; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 696, 761, 
1878, p. 710; Salmd. P. Z. S.1877, p. 393 ; Hume $ Davison, 8. F. 
1878, p. 334. 
Pratincola atrata, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xx. p. 177; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. 

p. 124; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3281; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 454; Walden, Tr. Z. 8. viii p. 63. 
Pratincola bicolor, Hume, Nests and Fggs Ind. B. p. 314. 


Adult male. General colour above glossy black, including the 
scapulars; wing-coverts and quills black, excepting a large white 


196 MUSCI0APIDJ2. 

patch composed of the innermost of the least, median, and greater 
wing-coverts, as well as the adjoining outer greater coverts, which are 
white on the inner web, and the bases of the inner secondaries, which 
are white; rump and upper tail-coverts pure white; tail-feathers, a 
few of the feathers white at the extreme base ; sides of the face, 
sides of neck, and entire under surface glossy black, the vent and 
under tail-coverfcs white; some of the feathers of the lower abdomen 
and the thighs with obscure white edgings ; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries black, a few narrowly edged with white ; quills black below; 
"bill aud feet black; iris dark brown" {A. Everett). Total 
length 5*4 inches, culm en 0-45, wing 2*6, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*8. 

The younger males appear to be some time in gaining the full 
black plumage and remain for some little while with the entire abdomen 
white, instead of having only the vent and under tail-coverts 
white; along with this white abdomen is sometimes found a broad 
white edging to the under wing-coverts, and occasionally some of 
the primaries are externally margined with white. 

Adult female. Quite different in plumage to the male. Above 
ashy brown, with darker brown centres to the feathers of the head, 
scapulars, and back ; lower rump and upper tail-coverts buffy white, 
somewhat washed with rust-colour, the long tail-coverts tipped with 
this latter colour; tail-feathers dark brown; wing-coverts and 
quills dark brown margined with lighter brown, much paler on the 
edges of the primaries; feathers in front of the eye and eyebrow 
ashy; ear-coverts dark brown, as also the feathers under the eye ; 
cheeks and under surface of body brown, the chin and fore part of 
cheeks margined with whity brown, the breast slightly mottled with 
darker brown centres to the feathers; the abdomen inclining to 
ochraceous brown; under tail-coverts white ; under wing-coverts 
rather rufescent brown with an ashy shade; quills brown below, 
shaded lighter along the inner webs. Total length 5*4 inches, 

culmen 0*45, wing 2*75, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*8. 

Young. Mottled all over like a young Bobin," the upper surface 
being fulvescent, edged with darker brown; the head blackish brown, 
streaked down the centre of the feathers with deep fulvous • wing-
coverts and quills edged with fawn-colour; under surface of body 
fulvous, slightly varied with dark edges to the feathers of the breast. 

This species appears to have a winter plumage, when the black 
feathers are edged with rusty ochre. 


Obs. Individuals from the Neilgherries and Ceylon have been kept 
distinct by many ornithologists on account of their larger size. Mr. 
Hume writes (Str. E. 1873, p. 183):—" I very much doubt the 
propriety of retaining P. atrata, Blyth, as a distinct species. All 
that can be said is, that the Forthern-Indian specimens of P. 
coprata are generally smallest, Central-Indian, Goojerat, and Sindh 
birds intermediate, and Southern-Indian and Ceylon birds largest. 
Those who think the larger size a sufficient specific character must 
separate the Celyonese bird as Pratincola atrata or P. bicolor, Sykes." 
A considerable difference exists in the amount of white on the 

12. PR1TINC0LA.. 
under surface in this species, the majority of the specimens from 
the Eastern archipelago having the whito confined to the under tail-
coverts, while nearly all the individuals from the N.W. Himalayas 
and from Baluchistan have the lower breast and abdomen while as 
well as the under tail-coverts. These differences would seem to be 
specific, were it not that occasional specimens were met with from 
one or other of tho above-named localities showing partially the 
characters of the opposite race. 

Bob, India and Ceylon, ranging westwards through Sindh to 
South-eastern Persia, eastwards through tho Burmese countries; 
Philippines, Java, Flores, Lombock, Timor, Celebes. 

a. P. caprata, 
a. <$ ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.]. 
Java, Dr. Ilorsfield [_C.]. (Type 
b. (S ad. sk. 
of species.) 

c. $ ad. sk. E. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI. 
d. e. £ ad. ;f. $ ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
g. <$ juv. sk. Flores. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
h} i. Jfp ad. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. "C.J. 
&, I. c? ad. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
m. tf ad. sk. Timor Coupang. A. R. Wallace, Esq. I 0.1. 
n. <$ ad. sk. Makassar, Celebes, A. R. Wallace, Esq. 10.1. 
o,p,q. <$;?',s. 2 ad.sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.tP.). 
t-x, Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 
y. $ ad. sk. Bhamau, Upper Bur-Dr. J. Anderson [C.J. 
mah, Feb. 18,1868. 
%1 a\ <$ ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 
b'. <$ imm. sk. N. India. Secretary of State for 

India [P.]. 
e'. $ ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
LP-]


d'. $ juv, sk, Valley ofAstur,Cash-Purchased. 

mere, Sept., 12,000 

feet. 

e'. <J imm. sk. "Saugor. Secretary of State for 

India '[P.]/'. 
<$ ad. sk. Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.]. 
g'} h', (S ad. sk. India. J. Gould, Esq. 
*'. <J ad. sk. NearBain,S.E.Persia, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [0.]. 

April 24,1872. 

h\ J ad. sk. Bampur,Baluehistan, W.T. Blanford,Esq.[C.]. 

April 6, 1872. 

b. P. bicolor, 
a. £ ad.; b. $ juv. sk. Neilgherries. Secretary of State for 
India [P.], 

e. J ad. sk. Ceylon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [0.]. 
d, $ ad. sk. Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart [P.]. 
198 MUSGICAPIDJK. 

13. Pratincola albifasciata * 
SSaxicola albofasciata, Bupp. Syst. TJebers. p. 39, Taf. 16; Gu&in et 
Lafr. in Ferr. et Galin. Voy. Abyss, iii. p. 217, pi. 12; Gray, Gen. 

B. i. p. 170 
Parus leucopterus, Zefebvre, Voy. Abyss, p. 167 (nee Swains.). 
Dromolaaa albofasciata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 303. 
Pratincola melanoleuca, Heugl Syst. Uebers. p. 27; no 244 (descr. 
mdldj nee Hodgs.). 

Pratincola semitorquata, Heugl. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 166; Blanf. Geol. 

$ Zool. Abyss, p. 365, pi. 5; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 341; 

Fmsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 323. 

Adult male in breeding-plumage (P. semitorquata, Heugl.). General 

colour above jet-black, the rump-feathers tipped with white, the 

upper tail-coverts pure white; tail black; wings black, the quills 

browner at their ends; a large white wing-patch, formed by the 

innermost median and greater coverts and the bases to the inner


most secondaries, the adjacent median and greater coverts being 

white, with more or less black towards the tip of the outer web; 

sides of face, throat, and breast black, relieved by a large patch of 

white at the sides of the neck, which joins a second patch on the 

sides of the lower throat; entire abdomen and under tail-coverts 

white; thighs black; under wing-coverts and axillaries black; 

quills black below, browner along the edge of the inner web; "bill 

and feet black; iris dusky" (Heuglin). Total length 4*9 inches, 

culmen 0*5, wing 2-65, tail 2, tarsus 0-85. 

Adult male in winter plumage (S. albifasciata, Eiipp.). Differs 

only from the summer dress in having the feathers of the upper 

surface and the feathers of the breast edged with rufous-brown. 

Adult female. General colour above dark brown, all the feathers 
edged with dark sandy brown, producing a mottled appearance ; the 
head darker than the back; upper tail-coverts white; tail-feathers 
blackish brown; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, edged and 
tipped with sandy brown, the wing-patch smaller than in the male, 
many of the feathers being brown on the inner web; lores and 
feathers round the eye dark sandy buff; ear-coverts dark brown, 
edged with sandy brown; cheeks and throat sandy buff, lower 
throat and breast dark orange-rufous, the sides of the body also 
slightly washed with this colour; centre of body, abdomen, and 
under tail-coverts sandy fulvous; under wing-coverts dark brown, 
the axillaries sandy rufous with dusky bases; quills dark brown 
below, dull whitish along the inner web. Total length 4*5 inches, 
culmen 0*45, wing 2-65, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*8. 

Hob. Mountains of Abyssinia. 

* That P. semitorqiiata is only the adult breeding-plumage of P. aZbofaseiata 
is proved by a comparison of one of the typical specimens of the latter bird in 
the Museum with the birds figured by Mr. Blanford (I. c). Some mistake 
seems to have occurred in the figure given in Dr. Eiippell's work, where the 
white neck-spot has become merged in the white wing-band, which is represented 
as much too extensive; this may be seen by a comparison of the plates 
in the above-mentioned works. 
13. ERYTHROMYIAS. 
|y y 
a. 6 Mem. sk. Abyssinia. Dr. Kuppell rC.l. 
b. d ad. eestav. sk. Near Adigrat, Alarch W. T. Manford, Esq. [0.]. 
c. 2 Kstiv. Lake'Ashangi, May W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.]. 

13. 
ERYTHROMYIAS. 
Pratincola, pt., auct. 
Erythrosterna, pt., auct. 

Bill and wing of E. dumetoria. 

Range. Confined to the islands of Java, Lombock, and Timor. 

Key to the Sjoecies. 

a. 
Back black; throat and breast orange; down the 
wing a white bar; base of tail white. 
a'. A white eyebrow, extending from the base of the 
forehead to the sides of the neck dumetoria, p. 199. 
b'. No white eyebrow, only a white line running 
from the hinder part of the eye above the ear-
coverts muelleri, p. 200. 

b. 
Back chestnut; head black; under surface white, 
with a broad black pectoral band; no white at 
base of tail pyrrhonota, p. 200. 
1. Erythromyias dumetoria. (Plate IY. fig. 1.) 
Saxicola dumetoria, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 490; Finsch, JSTeu-

Guinea, n. 167. 
Xanthopygia dumetoria, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 14. 
Niltava tricolor, Gray, HandA. B. i. p. 327, no. 4907. 


Adult (type of species). General colour above sooty black, the 
mantle with white shafts to the feathers ; wing-coverts and quills 
blackish, with a white bar down the wings, composed of the inner 
greater coverts and the outer webs of some of the inner secondaries ; 
two centre tail-feathers black, the others white, with the terminal 
third black; sides of face black like the crown, with a distinct 
white eyebrow running from the base of the bill to the sides of the 
neck; throat and breast light orange-rufous, whiter on the chin; 
remainder of under surface of body white, washed with sooty grey 
on the flanks ; thighs dusky blackish; under wing-coverts white, as 

200 MCTSCICAPIDJ5. 

also the inner edge of the quills below. Total length 4*6 inches, 
cnlmen 0*45, wing 2*35, tail 1-9, tarsus 0*8. 

Bab. Lombock. 
<t. $ ad. sk. Purchased. 
b. c? ad. sk. Lombock. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [P.], 
(Type of species.) 

2. Erythromyias muelleri. (Plate IY. fig. 2.) 
Muscicapa muelleri, Blyth} Ibis, 1870; p. 166; Salvad. Ucr. Born. 
p. 129. 
Adult male (type of species; Sumatra, Van Homer). General 
colour above black, with a very slight gloss of slate-colour; on the 
rump a few white feathers; wing-coverts and quills black, the 
median coverts tipped with white, the outer webs of the inner 
secondaries and the innermost of the greater coverts white, forming 
a bar down the wing; two centre tail-feathers black, all the rest 
white, with about the terminal third black; entire sides of face and 
sides of neck black, with a white streak from the hinder part of the 
«ye to the sides of the nape; throat and breast orange-rufous, gradually 
paling on the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts, which are 
white; sides of upper breast washed with black; thighs black; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a little black patch near the 
«dge of the wing; quills blackish below, the primaries obscurely 
white along their inner edge. Total length 4*4 inches, cnlmen 0\5, 
wing 2*35, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*7. (Mu<s. Lugd.) 

Hab. Sumatra; Borneo. 

n. S ad. sk. Borneo. Leiden Museum [P.]. 
3. Erythromyias pyrrkmota. 
Saxicola pyrrkonotus, Mull. 8f Schl. Verh. KahmrL Gesch. Land-en 
Volkenk. p. 209 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 179; Bp. Consp. i. p. 304; 
Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 227, no. 
3268. 

Adult male. Above orange-chestnut, the least and median wing-
coverts like the back, the outer greater coverts, primary-coverts and 
quills black, the inner secondaries orange-chestnut along the outer 
web ; tail dark brown; head and hind neck, as well as the cheeks 
and entire sides of face, glossy black; under surface of body white, 
with a broad black band across the chest reaching round to the 
sides of the neck and advancing slightly down the sides of the 
breast, where the adjoining feathers are white tipped with black; 
sides of body washed with ochraceous brown; thighs black ; under 
wing- and tail-coverts and axillaries pure white; quills dusky 
brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web. Total 
length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*7, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Like the male, but with the crown and hind neck 
sooty brown instead of black; the sides of the face black ; outer 

14 . P0LIOMYIAS. 
201 

greater coverts, and outer secondaries also, edged with light orange-
chestnut. Total length 5*2 inches, culmen b*5, wing 2-4, tail 2, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Hob, Timor. 

a,b. 
$ $ ad. sk. East Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 

c. $ ad. sk. Timor. 
14. POLIOMYIAS. 
Erythrosterna, pt., auctt. 
Siphia, pt., auctt. 
Bill of Poliomyias luteoia. 

Of the general aspect and style of plumage of the Red-breasted 
Flycatchers (Museicapa, section Erythroderma), but haying long 
wings as in Petroeca and Muscicapula. 

Range. Eastern Siberia and Japan, migrating through China to 
the Malayan peninsula and islands; Eastern Himalayas, ranging 
into the hills of Western China. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Inner greater wing-coverts white, forming a conspicuous 
patch luteoia, p. 201. 
b. No white patch on the wing-coverts, which are grey 
like the back hodysoni, p. 203. 
1. Polioinyias lutsola. 
Motacilla luteoia, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 470. 
Muscicapa mugimaki, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 577. tig. 2; Gray, Gen. 


B. i. p. 262; Temm. Sc Schl. Faun. Japon. Aves, p. 47, Taf. xvii. B ; 
Blakist. 8r Fryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 234. 
Erythrosterna rufigula, S. Midler, in V. d. Hoeveris Tijdschr. 1835, 

p. 351 (ex Kuhl, MSS.); Bp. Consp. i. p. 319; Sharpe, Notes Ley den 
Mus. i. no. 8, p. 26. 
Siphia erythaca, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 126. 
Xanthopygia niugimaki, Bp. Consp. i. p. 327. 
Erythrosterna erythaca, Horsf. 8c Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. 

p. 412; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 283; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 127. 
Muscicapa luteoia, Middend. Sibir. Reise, ii. p. 186, Taf. 17. figs. 1-3; 
Schrenck, Reise Amurl. p. 375, Taf. 13. fig. 1; Radde, Sibir. Rexs. 

p. 269; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4820. 
Muscicapa hylocharis, Swinh. Ibis, 1862, p. 305 (nee T. 8c S.). 
Muscicapa rufigularis, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4845. 
Niltava erythaca, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4908. 
Ervthrosterna luteoia, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 380; Dybowsh. J.f.O. 
1872, p. 449; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 169; David 8c 
Oustal. Ois. CJiine, p. 121. 
Siphia erythrura (lapsu), Verr. N. Arch. Mus. vii. Bull. p. 29. 

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, rather darker on 
the mantle and back, the latter having greyish-white shafts to the 
feathers ; upper tail-coverts black ; tail-feathers black, with broad 
white bases to all but the two centre ones, this white coloured-

VOL. IV. 
P 

202 MUSCU'JLPIDJR. 

creasing in extent towards the outermost; least wing-coverts slaty 

grey like the mantle; median and greater coverts pure white, the 

outermost and bastard wing slaty grey; primary-coverts and pri


maries dark brown, narrowly margined with slaty brown, the inner 

secondaries broadly edged with greyish white; ear-coverts, sides of 

face, and sides of neck slaty grey, rather blacker on the cheeks ; 

behind the eye a small longitudinal mark of white feathers; entire 

throat and breast deep orange, fading off into orange-yellow on the 

flanks; lower abdomen and under tail-covcrts white; thighs slaty 

grey; axillaries orange like the breast; under wing-coverts white, 

the edge of the wing mottled with greyish bases to the feathers ; 

quills brown below, ashy whitish along the inner web ; " bill black ; 

feet brown; iris black" {David). Total length 4*7 inches, culmen 

0-4, wing 3, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*6. 

Obs. The description is taken from the Katuna-Island specimen 

mentioned below. Other specimens of adult males are very similar, 

but vary in the extent of black pervading the upper surface, which 

extends over the cheeks and sides of the neck, and also over the 

least wing-coverts. The specimens which exhibit these peculiarities 

are chiefly Bornean, and they may probably be putting on their full 

plumage before returning from their winter quarters; they are more 

richly coloured than Japanese or Chinese specimens in the collection 

of the Museum and of Sir. Seebohm. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 

olive-brown, lighter on the rump, where it is yellower ; upper tail-

coverts blackish ; tail brown, white at the base of the outer webs of 

the feathers; least wing-coverts olive like the back; remainder of 

the coverts brown, edged with olive, the greater series tipped with 

white; primary-coverts and quills brown, narrowly edged with 

olive, the inner secondaries with white; lores yellowish buff; round 

the eye a ring of buffy-white feathers ; ear-coverts olive, with nar


row whitish shaft-lines; cheeks slightly shaded with grey; under 

surface of body as in the male, but not so deep orange. Total length 

4*5 inches, wing 0*4, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-6. (MKS. H. Seebohm.) 

Young male. In general like the adult female, but much paler 

orange on the breast, with two buffy-white bars across the wing, 

composed of the tips to the median and greater coverts; sides of 

face grey, the cheeks more or less blackish ; tail-feathers broadly 

white at base of outer web. 

-Young female. Like the young male, but with no white at the 

base of the tail-feathers. 

Hah. Eastern Siberia, Japan, throughout China, migrating into 

the Malayan peninsula and Borneo. 

a. c? ad. sk. Japan. Purchased. 
b. 9 ad.j e. 9 juv.sk. Tingchow,China,Dec. 18G7. U. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.l. 
d. (S ad. sk. 4° 30'N. lat., 106° E. long., K.B.Sharpe?Esq.[P.]. 
north of theNatunalslands, 
No v. 14,1871 (Capt Conrad.) 
<?, f„ g. $ ad. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low; Esq. [C.1„ 
#, i. J ad.; It. <$ juv.sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C. j . 
/. S ad. sk. ' Eastern Seas. Sir E, Belcher [P.]. 

15. itrsCICAPULA. 
2. Poliomyias hodgsoni. 
Siphia erythaca, 
Jerd. Sf Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 201 (nee Blyth, 
1847); Jerd. B. India, i. p. 480; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1874, 

p. 158; Hume, Sir. F. 1874, pp. 458, 475; Walden in Blyth's B, 
Burma, p. 103: Hume, Sir. F 1877, p. 137: id. & Davison, Str. 
J1. 1878, p. 288. 
Siphia hodgsoni, Terr. X. Arch. Mies. vh Bidl. p. 34, vii. p. 29; 
David, op. cit ix. pi. 4. %. 4; id. # Oustokt, Ois. Chine, p. 115, 

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey ; upper tail-coverts 
blackish.; tail-feather^ dark brown, all white at the base excepting 
the two centre feathers; all the wing-coverts slaty grey like the 
back; quills brown? with lighter brown margins; sides of face slaty 
grey like the crown, the cheeks and feathers in front of the eye 
blackish; a alightly indicated line of white feathers on the sides of 
the crown behind the eye; entire throat and breast rich orange, 
yellowish on the lower flanks and under tail-coverts ; lower abdomen 
white; thighh slaty grey ; under wing-coverts and axillarics 
yellowish ;:quilL brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner 
web ; ** bill.blaek, lower mandible brown; legs and feet dark reddish 
brown ; irU very dark brown *? {Hitme and Davison). Total length 
7J iiit<he^, mlmen U*4, wing 3, tail 2*2? tarsus 0*65. (Mvs. II. II. 
ft'otfaf id-Anstui.) 

Hah. Eastern Himalayas to Moupin in "Western China, extending 
to Burmah and Temis^rim. 

15. MUSCICAPFLA. T 
.Muscicapula, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 939 (1843) M. sapphira. 
Range* Indian peninsula and Burmese countries, extending probable 
through Southern China to Formosa ; Java : Sumatra. 

Key to the Species. 
Adult main. 


a. 
Throat white. 
«'. Upper surface blue ; no white on the wing. 
a". Base of tall white; over the eye a broad 
white eyebrow wperciliaris, p. 204. 
b". Xo white" at base of tail $ eyebrow lighter 
blue than the crown, but not white ... . astiyma, p. 205. 
b\ 
Upper surface black; down the wing a white 
bar; a broad white eyebrow; tail white at 
base maculata, p. 207* 

b. 
Throat rufous. 
e'. Above slaty grey? with a white eyebrow hyperythra, p. 206. 
<r. 
Above ultramarine, as also sides of face, sides of 
throat, neck and chest; head brighter cobalt sapphira, p. 208. 
Adult females. 
IL Upper fail-coverts like the back, not rufescent or 
contrasting1 with the rumcl. 
a", Rustvfoul? colour of the throat confined to the 
throat itself mpeml'wrk, p. 204. 
P2 

204 
MUSCICAPIBJE. 

b'. Rusty buff colour of the throat distributed over 
the whole under surface .. . astigma, p. 205. 
c'. Upper surface olivaceous, edges to the quills 
feomewhat mfescent . hyperythra, p. 200. 

b. Upper tail-coverts mfescent, contrasting with the 
back, the tail-feathers also washed with rufous. 
dr. Throat bright orange, paling into buff on the 
breast and abdomen sappMra, p. 208. 
e'. Throat and underparts white maculata, p. 207. 

1. Muscicapula superciliaris. 
Mnscicapa superciliaris, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 16 (1840); Gray, 

Gen. B. i. p. 262; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4833. 
Dimorpha albogularis, BIyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 190. 
Muscicapula superciliaris, BIyth, J. A. S. B. xii. pp. 939, 962, xvi. 

p. 127; id. Cat B. Mies. A. S. B. p. 172; Bp. Consp. i. p. 316; 
Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 296 ; Cock § Marsh. 
Str. *JF. 1873, p. 353 ; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1874, p. 157; 
Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 405 ; Brooks, S. F. 1876, p. 235; Bait, t. c. 
p. 292; Fairb. S. F. 1876, p. 257. 
Muscicapa acornaus, Hodgs. Icon. ined. App. no. 478 *; id. in Gray's 
Zool Misc. p. 84; Gray, IIand4. B. L p. 322, no. 4842. 
Muscicapa ciliaris, Hodgs. Icon. hied. Passeres, pi. 206. fig. 2 {Hodgs. 
no. 141); id. in Gray*a Zool. Misc. p. 84. 
Mu-cicapa heruileucura, Hodgs. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 206. fig. 4 
(Hodgs. no. 631), App. pi. 99 (no. 478); id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. 

p. 84,- Gray, Cat. Mamm. §c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91, App. 
p. 155; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 322, no. 4834. 
Erythrostema 
acornaus, BIyth, Cat. B. Mits. A. S. B. p. 171; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 318; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 483; Godwin-Austen, J. A. & 

B. 1874, p. 158,- Broote, Str. F. 1876, p. 236, et 1877, p. 471 ; Hume 
$ Davison, Str. F.1878, p. 233. 
Muscicapa albogularis, Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. 

p. 90; id. Hand-l B. i. p. :m, no. 4836. 
Muscicapula hemileucura, Horsf. § Moore, Cat B. Mas. F.I. Co. i. 
p. 297. 
Muscicapula ciliaris, BIyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 372. 
Adult male. General colour above Prussian blue, the least and 
median wing-coverts uniform with the back ; greater and primary 
coverts as well as the quills brown, slightly washed with blue 
externally; tail-feathers dusky brown, washed with blue on the 
edges, all with conspicuous white bases; lores and feathers in front 
of the eye dusky blue-black; cheeks and ear-coverts and sides of 
neck Prussian blue, duller than the back ; from behind the eye a 
broad white streak running to the sides of the nape; throat pure 
white, the sides of it Prussian blue, extending down the sides of the 
neck and forming a half-collar across the breast; remainder of 
under surface white, the thighs dusky blue; under wing-coverts and 
inner lining of quills white; " bill black; legs dark grey; iris brown." 

* Hodgson's drawings show that his M. acornaus is the female of M. superciliaris; 
but whether all the references under this name in the works of subsequent 
ornithologists are really referable to the species is a difficult matter to 
determine. 
205 

15 . MUSCICAPULA. 
Total length 4-5 inches, culmon 0*45, wing* 2*45, tail 1-65, tarsus 

0*65. 

Adidt female. General colour above ashy olive, "browner on the 
rump; wing-coverts and quills dusky "brown, edged with pale rusty 
brown ; tail-feathers dull brown, shaded with blue on their edges; 
lores and a ring of feathers round the eye and feathers in front of it 
rusty buff; ear-coverts ashy olive, with thread-liko whitish shaft-
lines ; throat and breast rusty fulvous, shaded with ashy olive on 
the sides of the latter; rest of under surface pure white, washed 
with buff on the flanks; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts buffy 
whitish, with brown bases to the feathers, the lower series and the 
quills below dull brown, edged with ashy white along the inner 
web. Total length 4-5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*05, tarsus 0-6. 

Hob. Himalaya Mountains, visiting the plains of India in the 
cold weather ; Burmese countries-

a. S ad. sk. India. Purchased. 
h,c. d ad.; d. ? ad.sk Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Ew£. [P.]. 
e,f. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, E.sq. [P.]. 
9, h. S 2 ad. sk. Murree. Capt. T. Biddulph [C."|. 
i. 
$ ad. sk. N.W.India {Capt. It. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
G.F.Z.Marshatl). 
h, L $ ad.-,m,n. $> ad. N.W. Himalayas. Oapt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
sk. [p.]. 
°,P> 6 
juv. sk. N.W. Himalavas. Capt. Stackhouse Phi will 
[v.-]. 

2. Muscicapula astigmar 
Muscicapa astigma, Hodgs. Icon. ined. Fasseres, pi. 206.fig.3 (Hodgs. 

no. 64) • id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84 j Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. 

Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 90, App. p. 155 j id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, 

no.4836. 

Muscicapula astigma, Hop/. $• Moore, Cat. JB. Mm. F.I Co. i. p. 

297, no. 460 j Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 372; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 

1874, p. 157, et 1876, p. 201. 

Adult male. General colour above dull Prussian blue, lighter on 
the forehead and over the eye, forming an indistinct eyebrow; wing-
coverts and quills brown, edged with dull blue ; tail-feathers dusky 
brown, edged with dull blue, but with no white base to any of them; 
lores and feathers in front of eye blue-black; sides of face dull blue; 
throat and fore neck white, the sides blue as well as the sides of the 
neck and breast, forming an interrupted band across the latter of dull 
blue ; remainder of under surface white, the thighs bluish ; under 
wing-coverts white, the lower series dull brown, as also the quills 
below, edged along the inner web with buffy white ; " bill black ; 
legs dark brown " (Godiuin-Austen). Total length 4 inches, culmen 
0*45, wing 2-45, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Very similar to that of M. superciliaris, but distinguished 
by the rusty buff-colour of the throat being distributed 
over the entire abdomen as well, leaving only the under tail-coverts 
dull white. Total length 4*5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*9, tarsus 0*6. 

206 MUSCrCAPIDJE;. 

Bab. Eastern Himalaya mountains, extending to the Khasi hills. 

a. Q luv. sk. India. Purchased. 
b. <$ id. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
tt. ITuscicapula hyperythra. 

Dimorpha superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. S. B» xi. p. 190 (mo J&rd.) * Bp. 

Consp, i. p. 319. 

Muscicapa liyperythra, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 885, xvi. p. 127. 

Muscicapula rubecula, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 940. 

Dimorpha rubrocyanea, Ilodqs. Icon, hied. no. 384; id. in Gray's 

Zool. MLo. p. 83• id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 20. 
Dimorpha leucocvanea, Hodgs. Icon. ined. no-. 837; id. in Gray's 

Zool. Misc. p. 83. 
Muscicapa rubecula, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 263. 
Siphia superciliaris, Gray, Cat. Mamm. &-c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 92 ; 

Blyfh, Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 172 • id. Ibis, I860, p. 44, et 1866, 

p. 372. 
Digenea superciliaris, Horsf. fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. 
p. 293; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 381; David $ Oustalet, Ois. 
Chine, p. 114. 
Muscicapa tricolor, Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 44 (ex. Midi 318. in Mm, 
Ltigd.,= <?); Gray, JKand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4907. 
Muscicapa rupestris, Blyth, L c. p. 44 {ex Mull. M8,,~ 5), 
Siphia innexa, 8ioinh. Ibis, 1866, p. 394. 
Niltava superciliaris, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 327, no. 4904. 
Niltava innexa, Gray, t c. p. 327, no. 4909. 
Menetica superciliaris, Cab. J.f. 0.1876, p. 393. 


Adult male. General colour above slaty blue, including the lores, 
sides of face, cheeks, and chin, darker on the latter; from the base 
of the forehead a distinct line of white feathers extending backwards 
over the eye; scapulars and wing-coverts uniform with the 
back, the greater series brown, tipped with rufous; quills brown, 
edged with olivaceous ; tail blackish brown, the feathers edged with 
slaty grey; throat and breast orange-rufous, the abdomen and lower 
breast paler orange, inclining to whitish on the under tall-coverts; 
sides of upper breast slaty grey, thighs slaty grey, as also the under 
wing-coverts, the greater series tipped with orange ; quills brown, 
fulvescent along the inner webs ; " bill black; legs plumbeous; iris 
brown " (Jerdon). Total length 4*1 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*3, 
tail 1-7, tarsus 0*7. 

Young male. Mottled with ochraceous buff spots and streaks, like 
a young Kobin. 
Hab. Eastern Himalayas, Ehasi hills, extending eastwards as far 
as the island of Eormosa and south to Java and Sumatra and Timor. 

a. Ad, sk, Sumatra. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0." 
b. (S ad. sk. W. Java, A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.' 
c. (S juv. sk. W. Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.' 
d,e. d 2 ad. &. Darjiling. Oapt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.]. 
/. tf ad. bk. Sikhhn, Nov. 1876. L. Mandelli, Esq.JT.1 
g. Juv. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq" [0.], 
h, i, h. (S ad. &k. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [PA 
/, m, J ad. ,* n. Juv. sk, Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 
15 . MUSCI0A1>LTXA, 
207 

4. Muscicapula maculata. 
Muscicapa niaculata, Tiekell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 574; Gray, Iland-l. 
B. i. p. 322, no. 4841. 
Muscicapula melanoleuca, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 940, xv. p. 306 
(nee V.); id. Cat B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 172. 
Muscicapa poonensis, Blyth, J. A. 8, B. xi. p. 458. 
Muscicapula acornaua (nee Hodgs.), Blyth, J, A. 8. B. xvi. p. 127Erythrosterna 
pusilla, Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xviii. p. 813; id. Cat B. 

Mus. A. 8. B. p. 171; Bp. Consp. i. p. 318; Jerd. B. Ind. I 

p. 482; Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 44; Ball, 8tr. F 1874, p. 405; 
Hume, 8. F. 187o; p. 236; Brooks, 8. F. 1875, p. 277, et 1877, 
p. 471. 
Muscicapa leucosehista, Hodgs. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 200 (nos, 824, 
942) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84. 
Muscicapa melanoleuca, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 203; id. Cat. Mamm. 
Sfc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91. 
Muscicapula maculata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 317. 
Erythrosterna maculata, Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 483, no. 320 ; Blyth, Ibis, 

1865, p. 44, et 1866, p. 373; Godw.-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1874, p. 158 ; 
Ball, 8tr. F. 1874, p. 407 ; Hume, t c. p. 475 ; Blyth £ Wdd. B. 
Burm. p. 103 ; Brooks, 8. F. 1875, pp. 230,277 ; Hume $ Dqvism, 
8tr. F. 1878, p. 234. 

Muscicapa pusilla, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4843. 
Muscicapula leucoschista, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 372. 
Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black, including 
the lores, sides of face, and sides of neck; a broad white eyebrow 
running from nearly tbe base of the nostrils to the sides of the hind 
neck; wing-coverts like the back, the inner greater coverts white, 
excepting at the extreme base of the inner web, forming a large 
white patch; quills black, the inner secondaries externally white 
like the greater coverts, and forming a bar down the wing; two 
centre tail-feathers entirely black, the others white for nearly two 
thirds of their length, black for the terminal third; entire under 
surface of body pure white, the sides of the upper breast black; 
thighs black; under wing-coverts white; quills blackish below, 
white along the edge of the inner web; " bill black; legs red-
brown ; iris dark brown" (Jerdon). Total length 4*2 inches, culmen 
0*4, wing 2*3, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*6. 
Adult femah. Different from the male. General colour above 
ashy brown, washed with olive, the latter becoming more and more 
pronounced on the rump ; the upper tail-coverts rufescent; wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series ashy brown, narrowly edged 
with olive-brown and near the tip with whitish; primary-coverts 
and quills brown, externally edged with olive-brown, the secondaries 
more broadly ; tail-feathers ashy brown, edged with ochraoeous 
or rufous-brown near their bases; frontal plumes obscurely washed 
with ochraceous buff; lores dull white; round the eye a ring of 
buffy-white feathers; sides of face and ear-ooverts ashy brown, with 
a slight olivaceous wash and indistinct shaft-lines of whitish; under 
surface of body dull white, tinged with fulvous on the breast and 
flanks ; sides of nock and sides of upper breast ashy ; thighs brown ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, slightly tinged with buff; 

208 
ArusciCAPiDiE. 

quills dull brown "below, ashy along the edge of the inner web. 
Total length 4-1 inches, culmen 04, wing 2-2, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*6. 

The female described was presented to the Museum by Mr. 
Mandelli, who collected it in April 1874. Another female, also obtained 
by Mr. Mandelli in October 1873, and presented by that 
gentleman, appears to be in winter plumage, as it differs from the 
bird described in its more pronounced olive-brown coloration, which 
shades off very perceptibly to fulvous brown on the rump, and to 
rufous on the upper tail-coverts and tail• below, the under surface 
is purer white, with less ashy on the sides of the breast and flanks. 

Bab. Himalayas, ranging through the Burmese countries to Java, 
Sumatra, and Timor. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Sikhini, Apr. 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.1 
b. 2 ad. sk. Sikhim, Oct. 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.]. 
c. $ ad. sk. Sikhim, Apr. 1874. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.]. 
d. e. S $ ad. sk. Darjiling. Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.]. 
f-i. <$ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
h-o. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.I. 
p. 2 ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [0.]. 
q. S ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased, 

5. Muscicapula sapphira. 
Muscicapa sapphira, Tickell, M88., unde 

Muscicapula sapphira, 
Blythy J. A. S. B. xii. p. 939 (1843), xvi. 
pp. 127, 473- Hodgson, Br airings, App. pi. 101 (no. 945), pi 102 
(no. 974), pi. 112 ; Jerd. Ill Ind. Orn. pi. 32 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 316; 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 173; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mus. 

B.I. Co. i. p. 295, no. 456 ,• Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 471 $ Sioinh. P. Z. S. 
1871, p. 380; Godwin-Aust. J. A. S. B. 1872, p. 172• David £ 
Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 120. 
Muscicapa sapphira, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 263* id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 322. 
Siphia superciliaris, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1876, p. 201 Qiec 
Blgth),= 2. 

Adult male. General colour above rich ultramarine-blue, the 
whole of the crown, rump, and upper tail-coverts more brilliant 
blue, inclining to cobalt on the forehead and over the eyes• a narrow 
frontal line, lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts black, the latter 
washed with blue like the sides of the neck; wing-coverts like the 
back; primary-coverts blackish; greater coverts and quills blackish 
externally, edged with rich blue ; tail-feathers deep blue, black on 
the inner web; entire throat and fore neck rich orange; chin, 
cheeks, and sides of throat deep blue, descending onto the sides of the 
breast, and forming a half-collar; rest of under surface of body 
white, somewhat washed with grey; thighs blackish; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white; " bill black; legs and feet pale reddish 
; iris brown " (E. J. tiltves). Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 
0*35, wing 2-3, tail 1*75, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. General colour above brown, tinged with reddish 
buff on the rump; upper tail-coverts rufous; tail-feathers brown, 
slightly washed with rufous on their margins ; wing-coverts brown 
like the back, the greater scries and the quills dusky brown, edged 

16 . SMICKOBitflS. 
209 

with slightly more rufous-brown; primary-coverts entirely dark 
brown; forehead, a ring of feathers round the eye, and sides of face 
rufous-ochre, the latter washed with brown, with lighter shaft-lines ; 
lores a little more whitish; entire throat, fore neck, and chest orange-
buff, paler towards the centre of the body, which is whitish, the 
under tail-coverts somewhat washed with ochre ; sides of body brown 
with a slight ochraceous shade; thighs dusky brown; under wing-
coverts light buff, as also the inner edge of the quills below; axillaries 
conspicuously white, flanking the sides of the breast. Total 
length 4-3 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2*25, tail 1*7, tarsus 06. 

(AIus. H. J. Elwes.) 

Young male. Retaining for a time the brown plumage of the 
female, but with blue wings and tail, and with more or less blue on 
the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts. (Mm. II. J. Elwes.) 
Hab. Eastern Himalayas, ranging into the mountains of "Western 

China. 
a. $ ad. sk. Nepal.
b. J ad. sk. Native Sikhini,
Apr. 1874 
c. 5 ad., d. £ juv. sk. Sikhim. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.J. 
L. Mandelli, Esq. [P. j . 

16. SMICEORNIS. T 
Sniicrornis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 133 S. flavescens. 
Range. Confined to Australia. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Colour above dull olive-yellow; lores, eyebrow, 
and ear-coverts light reddish brown ; under 
surface pale yellowish buff brevirostrtSj p. 209. 
b. Colour above pale olive-yellow ; lores and eyebrow 
whitish ; under surface sulphur-yellow .. Jlavescens, p. 210. 
1. Smicrornis brevirostris. 
Psilopus brevirostris, Gould, P. Z. & 1837, p. 187. 
Smicrornis brevirostris, Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 103 ; Bp. Consp* 


i. p. 293 ; Reichenb. Tog. NeuholL pp. 221, 283; Gould, Handb. B. 
Austr. i. p. 273; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183. 
Pardalotus brevirostris, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 13 j id. Hand-l. B. 

i. p. 387, no. 5867. 
Smicrornis occidentalis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 293 *. 
Acanthiza brevirostris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 223, no, 3149. 
Adult male. General colour above dull olive-yellow, somewhat 
brighter on the upper tail-coverts ; head umber-brown, contrasting 
with the back ; wings dark brown, the coverts and quills margined 
with olive, the edgings of the primaries paler, as also of the innermost 
secondaries; tail-feathers ashy brown, the two centre ones 

* Notwithstanding that Mr. G-ould states his posilne belief that the West-
Australian bird is the same as 8. brevirostris, Prince Bonaparte has ghen it a 
name, 
210 
MirsciCAjPiru^ 

witli a bluckisli shade before the lip, tlic remainder with a broad 

biibterminal band of black, tho outer feathers with a spot of ashy 

whilihh near tho tip of tho inner web; lores, feathers round the eye, 

and ear-coverts very pale rufous-brown, tho light eyebrow fringed 

on its upper margin with a very narrow line of black; cheeks and 

under surface of body pale yellowish buff, becoming brighter olive-

yellow on the lower abdomen and flanks, the sides of the breast 

brown ; on the throat some small streaks of black ; thighs brown; 

under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with olive-yellow; quills 

ashy brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web; " bill 

> arying from fleshy white to ashy grey ; feet blackish brown ; iris 

pale straw-yellow v (Gould). Total length 3*4 inches, admen 0*25, 

wing 2, tail 1*35, tarsus 0*6. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Ilab. Australia: 
Wide-Bay district; Eichmond and Clarence 

rivers ; JNT, S. Wales ; Interior; Victoria; South Australia; "West 

Australia. (Ramsay.) 

a, Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 

2. Smicrornis flavescens. 
Smicrornis flavescens, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 134; id. B. Austr. 
folio, ii. pi. 104; Bp. Consp. i. p. 293; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. 
pp. 100, 288; Goidd, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 274 $ Castelnau f 
Ramsay, Proe. Linn. Soc. JST. 8. W. i. p. 380; Ramsay, op. cit. ii. 

p. 183; Masters, t. c. p. 272. 
Pardalotus flavescens. Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 13; id. Iland-l. B. 
i. p. 387, no. 5868. 
Adult male. General colour above pale olive-yellow, brighter OB 
the lower rump and upper tail-coverts • crown of the head ashy 
brown; wings pale ashy brown, with lighter edges to the feathers ; 
upper tail-coverts light brown, margined with olive-yellow; tail 
ashy brown, with large white spots at the tip of the inner web and 
a broad subterminal shade of black, the outer feathers ashy brown 
at the end of the outer web, which has also a narrow whitish 
margin; lores and a tolerably broad eyebrow whitish, the former 
margined with a narrow line of black-tipped feathers above; feathers 
below the eye and ear-coverts very pale rufous-brown ; under surface 
of body sulphur-yellow, paler on the throat; axillaries yellow 
like the breast; under wing-coverts white, with a faint tinge of 
yellow; quills light brown below, whitish along the edge of the 
inner web; " iris silvery" (Ehey). Total length 3*4 inches, culmen 
0*3, wing 1*85, tail 1*35, tarsus 0*55. 

Obs. Although I do not separate this bird from Gould's S. flavescens, 
the eyebrow is white, not brownish, as in the plate given by 
the latter author, who, however, makes no mention of this feature 
in his description. 

Ilab. Northern Australia, Port Darling, Port Essington, Gulf of 
Carpentaria. 

a. 
cT ad, sk. Gilbert Kiver, Oct. 30, 1856; J. R. Elsev, Esq. TP.l 
lat. lhJ 30', long. 148°. 
17 . GERYGONE. 211 
17. GEEYGONE*. T 
Psilopus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 146 (nee Poll, 1795) G. albigularis. 
Gerygone, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 133 (nom. emend,).. G. albigularis. 

Wing of Gerygone albigularis. 

Range, Australia and South-eastern New Guinea, as well as the 
islands of Celebes, Borneo, the Philippine archipelago, and the Timor 
group. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Throat white. 
a'. Breast yellow. 
a". Larger; wing 2'2o inches: upper surface 
ashy olive albigularis, p. 212. 
b". Smaller,; wing 2-15 inches: upper surface 
ashy, without any olive tinge cineraseens, p. 212. 
b'. Breast white, like the throat. 
c". Outer tail-feathers white across the tip of 
both ivebs inornata, p. 213. 
d". 
Outer tail-feathers ashy brown at the tip, with 
a small spot of white near the tip of the inner 
web simplex, p. 213. 

b. Throat yellow, as also the rest of the under surface. 
c'. Lores yellow, as well as an eyebrow albigularis juv., 
d'. Lores white.s [p. 212. 

e". 'No ring of yellow feathers round the eye. 

a'". 
Larger; whig2*15inches: below bright yellow 
; tail-feathers uniform, with a whitish 
mark at the tip of the inner web fiaveola, p. 214. 

* The following species, referred by Mr. Gray (Hand-1. B. i. pp. 219, 220) 
to his subgenus Gerygone, do not belong to that genus :— 
1. 
GEBYGONE SUPEECILIOSA, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 491. 
Acanthiza superciliosa, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 219, no. 3133. 
Hah. Timor. 
Is Pkylloscopus presbytis (Blyth); Seebohm, Ibis, 1877, p. 83. 


2. 
ZOSTEROPS CITHINELLA, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 175 (nee Mull.); id. Cat. B. 
New Guinea, p. 25. 
Zosterops grayi, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 494. 
Acanthiza grayi, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3145. 


Hah. Ke Islands. 
This is a Zosterops. 


MUSCICA.P1DJE. 

212 

b'". Smaller; wing 1*85 inch: below pale 
yellow; tail-feathers not uniform, ashy 
whitish below, with a broad median black 
band across them, and a large white spot 
at the tip of the inner web sulfurea, p. 214. 

f", Kound the eye a ring of yellow feathers hypoxantha, p. 215. 

1. G-erygone albigularis. 
Pbilopus albigularis,, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 147; id. 8yn. B. Austr. 
part iv. 

Pailopus olivaceus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 147; id. 8yn. B. Austr. 
part iv. 
Geryo-one albogularis, Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 97; Bp. Comp. i. 

p. 292; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. pp. 70, 288; Bamsay, P. Z, 8. 
1866, p. 576; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 166; Gould, Ilandb. B. Austr. 
i. p. 266; Bamsay) Pr. Linn. 8oo. N. 8. W. ii. p. 183• 8harpe, 
Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28. 
<Vcanthiza albigularis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189; id. Hand-l. B. i. 

p. 219, no. 3127. 
Acanthiza olivacea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189. 
Adult. General colour above olive-brown, rather more ashy brown 
on the head, and decidedly more so on the upper tail-coverts; tail-
feathers ashy brown, with a broad sub terminal shade of blackish 
brown, the inner web with a white band about the middle of the 
feather and a white spot at the tip, the two centre feathers without 
the white spots; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, externally 
edged with ashy brown, the edges of the quills light ashy; sides of 
face ashy brown like the head, a little rufescent round the eye and 
on the ear-coverts; a loral streak of white* cheeks and throat white; 
rest of under surface of body bright yellow, paler on the under tail-
coverts; under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish, with a slight 
tinge of yellow; quills light brown below, edged with whitish along 
the inner web; " bill blackish brown; feet blackish brown in some 
specimens, leaden brown in others; iris scarlet" {Gould). Total 

length 4 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2*25, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*65. 
Sexes alike (Gould). 
Young. Differs from the adult in the throat being yellow like the 
rest of the under surface. 
Hab. N.E. Australia and the whole of Eastern Australia to New 

South "Wales. 
a. Ad. sk.
b, c. Ad. sk. 
Cape York {Cockerell). 
Australia. 
Purchased. 
2. Grerygone cinerascens. 

Gerygone cinerascens, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. 8oc, Zool. xiii. p. 494; 
id. Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above ashy brown, with 
a faint tinge of olive on the rump ; wing-eoverts brown, narrowly 
edged with whity brown; quills brown, externally edged withwhity 

17. GERYtfON-E. 
213 

brown, these edges broader on the secondaries; two centre tail-
feathers ashy brown, subterminally darker brown; rest of the tail-
feathers ashy brown, with a large white spot on the tip of the inner 
web before which is a large subterminal bar of black, the inner 
web below this having another white notch ; at the base of the bill 
a line of white feathers; region of the eye and ear-coverts light 
brown; cheeks and entire throat pure white; rest of under surface 
of body bright yellow, paling on the thighs and under tail-coverts ; 
under wmg-coverts white, the quills greyish brown, with white 
edgings along the inner webs. Total length 3*4 inches, culmen 0-45, 
wing 2*15, tail 1*45, tarsus 0*7. 

Another specimen from 1ST.W. Australia is probably the same as 
the JNTew-Ghrinea bird, but it is very much crushed and a bad skin, 
and seems to have whitish ear-coverts instead of brown. This may, 
however, be due to the bad preparation and shifting of the feathers! 

Hah. N.W. Australia• S.E. New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. 
Port Moresby. 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. $ juv. sk. Depot, Victoria River, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.], 
November 1855. 
3. Gerygone inornata. (Plate V. ftg. 1.) 
G-erygone 
inornata, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 490* Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 166; Sharpe, Notes Ley den Mu$. I. no. 9, p. 28. 
Acanthiza inornata, Gray, Hand-l. JB. i. p. 219, no. 3132. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above ashy brown, 
the wing-coverts and quills darker brown, margined with the same 
colour as the back; tail-feathers light brown, with a subterminal 
shade of blackish brown, all the feathers, excepting the two centre 
ones, with a rounded spot of white at the tip of the inner web, increasing 
in extent on the outer feathers, gradually extending to the 
tip of the outer web also, till, in the outermost feather, the terminal 
third is white, with a small brown apical spot, the outer web being 
also narrowly white for nearly its whole extent; lores with an 
obscure spot of white ; sides of face and ear-coverts liko the head, a 
little paler only; cheeks and under surface of body white, as also 
the under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner edge of the quills below ; 
thighs white, with brown bases. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0*4, 
wing 2*1, tail 1*5, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 3*7 
inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-05, tail 1*5, tarsus 0-6. 
Hah. Timor. 
a,b. <$ ad. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. TC.]. 
(Types of species.) 

e. $ ad. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
4. Gerygone simplex. 
Gervgone modesta, Cab. J. f. O. 1800, p. 10 (nee Pek.). 

Acanthiza, sp., Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 220, no. 3147. * 

214 
MFSCICAPIDJE. 

Gerygone simplex, Cab. J.f.O. 1872, p. 310; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. 

p. 194; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n. s. i. p. 352; id. Notes Leyden Mns. 
i. no. 9, p. 28. 
Adult (Luzon, Jagor; type of species). General colour above ashy 

brown, the wing-coverts and quills dark brown, externally margined 

with pale ashy brown ; tail-feathers light ashy brown, with a broad 

subterminal bar of black, the outer feathers having a small white 

spot near the tip of the inner web ; lores yellowish white ; feathers 

in front of and round the eye ashy white ; ear-coverts light ashy 

brown ; cheeks and under surface of body white, with a slight wash 

of buff on the breast; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; 

quills ashy below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 3*8 

inches, cuimen 0*4, wing 2, tail 1*45, tarsus 0-6. (Mus. Berol.) 

Hah. Island of Luzon, Philippine archipelago. 

5. Gerygone flaveola. (Hate V, fig. 2.) 
Gerygone flaveola, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 157 ; Meyer, t. c. p. 404; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 605 ; Sharpe, Notes Leyden 
Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28. 

Adult (Macassar, Dr. A. B. Meyer; type of species). General 
colour above dark ashy brown, a trifle more grey on the head ; least 
and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts and quills 
dark brown, with lighter brown edges, faintly tinged with olive on 
the quill-margins; tail-feathers brown, with a subterminal shade of 
darker brown, the outer feathers with a small spot of white near the 
tip of the inner web ; lores, feathers in front of the eye extending 
onto the upper eyelid, white; ear-coverts ashy brown, strongly 
washed with yellow; cheeks and under surface of body bright 
yellow, becoming whiter on the sides of the vent and under tail-
coverts ; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, 
washed with yellow along the outer edge of the wing ; quills brown 
below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 3*8 inches, cuimen 
0-45, wing 2-15, tail 1*5, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Berol.) 

Hal. Celebes; Borneo {Schivaner, Mus. Lugd.). 

a. <$ ad. sk. Celebes (Von Rosenberg). Leiden Museum [P.]. 
6. Gerygone sulfurea. 
Gerygone sulfurea, 
Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 490; Fimch, Neti-
Guinea, p. 166; Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28. 
Acanthiza sulphurea, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3J46. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above ashy brown, washed 
with olive on the back and rump ; upper tail-coverts slightly darker 
brown; tail-feathers light ashy brown, with a subterminal shade of 
darker brown, with a spot of white near the end of the inner web, 
the outermost feather with a subterminal white mark on the outer 
web as well as the inner; wing-coverts brown, edged with ashy 

215 

18 . PSEUDOGERYGONE. 
brown, slightly tinged with olive on the primaries, the secondaries 
with paler ashy margins; sides of face ashy brown, rather darker 
on the ear-coverts; in front of the eyes a loral spot of dull white ; 
cheeks and entire nnder surface of body snlplmr-yellow; nnder 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, washed with pale yellow: quills 
brown below, edged with white along the inner web. Total length 
3-6 inches, oilmen-0-4, wing 1-85, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-65. 

Hab. Island of Solor. 

a. Ad. sk. Solor. A. It. Wallace, Esq. (Type of species.) 
7. Gerygone hypoxantha. 
Gerygone xanthogaster, Mus. Lugd. 
Gerygone hypoxantha, Sahad. Ann. Mas. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 846; 
Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28. 

Adult male (Misori, Von Rosenberg ; type of species). General 
colour above dull olive-brown, more dingy on the head; wing-coverts 
and quills dark brown, edged with the same olive-colour as the back, 
a little brighter on the primaries; tail-feathers dark brown, edged 
with olive and lighter ash-colour at the tips, before which is a shade 
of black forming an indistinct bar ; lores yellowish white ; in front 
of the eye a spot of dusky black ; round the eye a ring of yellow ; 
sides of face and cheeks yellow, with an olive shade on the upper 
margin of the ear-coverts; under surface of body yellow from the 
chin to the vent, the sides of the upper breast olive-brown, the 
flanks washed with olive ; under wing-coverts white, washed with 
yellow. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*95, tail 1*45, 
tarsus 0*6. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Adult female. Like the male, but a little duller in colour. Total 
length 3-6 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2, tail 1*5, tarsus 0-6. (Mus. 
Lugd.) 

Hab. Island of Soek or Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink. 

18. PSETJDOGERYGONE. 
Gerygone, pt., auct. recent. Type. 

Pseudogerygone, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, 

p. 28 (1878) P. personata. 
Wing of Pseudogerygone personata. 

Range. New Guinea and adjacent islands, ranging over the whole 
of Australia and New Caledonia. 

216 
MTJS0ICAP1D.K. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
With the throat pale, white, grey, or yellow, 
as the cone may be, but not blackish or dark 
brown. 
a'. With a subterminal bar of black on the tail-
feathers, the outermost of which have a 
more or less distinct pale spot near the tip 
of the inner web. 


a". Spot at the tip of the inner web white, 
more or less conspicuous. 
a'". Ear-coverts and throat of the same 
colour. 
aK Tail not white at base. 


a5. Throat and ear-coverts greyish. 
a6. No white eye-ring igata, p. 218. 
6". A white eye-ring modesta, p. 219. 

¥. Throat and ear-coverts pale rufous, 
the breast and abdomen white .. rirfkollis, p. 220. 
bK Tail white at base eulicivora, p. 220. 
b"\ Ear-coverts differently coloured from 

the throat. 
cK Upper surface ashy grey cinerea, p. 220. 
fr. Upper surface brown of some shade 

or other. 

c5. Size smaller; wing 1*0 to 2-25 
inches: upper tail-coverts and 
outer base of tail-feathers brown. 


c6. No light eyebrow; bill entirely 
black; at base of forehead a 
narrow loral line of white; 
round the eye a ring of white 
feathers. 

«*. Ear-coverts reddish brown; 
breast and sides of body 
reddish brown bmnneipectus, p. 221, 

b7. Ear-coverts ligjht brown like 
the head; breast washed 
with pale ochre-brown, as 
also the flanks, both with a 
yellowish tinge eompmllata, p. 221. 

d\ No light eyebrow or white ring 
round the eye; bill black, but 
pearly white at the base of the 
lower mandible; no white line 
along base of the lores maynirostris, p. 2'2% 

e*. A light eyebrow, white or grey, 
continued from the lores over 
the fore part of the eye. 

c7. Flanks bright sulphur-yellow ; 
back olive-brown, contrasting 
with the ashy head and 
neck " fanlaterah's, p. 222. 

d7 

. Flanks whitish or fewn-coloured; 
head and back of the 
same colour. 

18 . PSUUDOGEEYGONE. 
a9. Throat greyish; ear-coverts 
grey; eyebrows greyish 
white fusca, p. 223. 

bs 

. Throat white like the rest * 
of the under surface ; ear-
coverts brown j eyebrow 
pure white Imigastra, p. 223. 

d3. Size larger} wing 2*75 inches: upper 
tail-coverts and outer base of 
tail-feathers fawn-colour albifrontata, p. 224, 

b". Spot at the tip of the inner wob of the 
tail-feathers rufous-brown; throat pale 
rufous like the rest of the under surface. rufescens, p. 225. 


b'. Tail uniform black without any subterminal 
bar, the inner web with a white spot near 
the tip j upper surface of body dark 
crimson , rubra, p. 225. 

c'. Tail uniform brown with olive margins: no 
black subterminal bar or white spot near 
the tip of the inner web. 

c". Bill entirely black, the lower mandible 
black like upper, 


e"'. Throat and breast white; abdomen, 
flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts 
yellow chrysogastra, p. 226. 

d'". Entire under surface of body yellow, 

and e&s WllitiSllSliadeOntlietllr0a t

 [P™0™*" ?,P-230. 

e'". Under s^fece ofjtte body whitish dowa U**»*™«» $,P-230. 
the centre; the*sides of breast, flanks, 
thighs, and under tail-coverts brown 
or greyish brown arfaktam, p. 226. 

d". Bill with the lower mandible yellowish, 
with a brown spot towards the tip. 
f". Feet pale; head almost of the same 
colour as the back. 
e4. Median and greater wing-coverts 
spotted with white at the txp notata, p. 227. 
/*. Median and greater coverts not spotted 
with white. 


#. Throat whitish, as also the under 
surface of body, the flanks washed 
with dull yellow; axillaries white, 
tinged with yellow neglecta, p. 227. 

ft. Throat and centre of body yellow, 
the sides of the body greenish; 
axillaries yellow trochiloides, p. 228. 

g"\ Feet dark; head grey, contrasting with 
the greenish back. 
g*. No white eyebrow. 


g5. A yellow wing-bar, formed of the 
tips to the greater coverts; under 
surface pale yellow, the sides of 
the body dark greenish maforensis, p. 228. 

A8. No yellow wing-bar; under surface 
white, the sides of the body 
yellow chhronota, p. 229. 

VOL. IV. a 

218 
MTJSCICAPIDJ:. 

K A distinct white eyebrow; throat 
white; rest of under surface yellow poliocephala, p. 229. 

b. 
Throat dark, forming a patch of black or brown 
contrasting with the breast; forehead and 
sides of face brown or black like the throat, 
the cheeks and a loral spot of white forming 
a strong contrast; bill entirely black. 
e". Sides of face and throat brown personata <$, p. 229. 
/". Sides of face and throat black palpebrosa <$, p. 230. 

1. Pseudogerygone igata.** 
Curruca igata, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstrol, Zool. i. p. 201, pi. 11. 
fig. 2. 

Gerygone flaviventris, Gray, Voy. Ereb. fy Terror, Birds, p. 5, pi. 4. 
fig. 1; Bp. Consp. i. p. 293 ; Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 221; Butter, B. 
New Zealand, p. 107; Finsch, J.f. 0.1872, p. 160, et 1874, p. 186; 
Sharp*} Voy. Erebus § Terr., Birds, App. p. 25; Gillis, Tr. N. Zeal. 
Inst, vii.p. 524; Butter, op. cit. viii. p. 190 ; Finsch, op. cit. p. 201. 

Acanthiza igaia, Gray, inDieffenb. Trav. ii. App. p. 189 ; id. Mand-l 

B. i. p. 220, no. 3141. 
Acanthiza flaviventris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l B. i. 
p. 219, no. 3129. 
Gerygone igata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 293; Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 221; Pelz. 
Beis. Novara, Voy. p. 65j Finsch, J.f.O. 1872, p. 162, et 1874, 

p. 187 ; Butter} B. N. Zeal, Intr. p. xv; Sharpe, Voy. Ei*eb. <$• 
Terror, Birds, App. p. 25. 
? Gerygone aucklandica, Pelz. Beis. Novara, Voy. p. 65. 
Gerygone assimilis, Butter, Essay on N. Zeal. Orn. p. 9. 
Acanthiza assimilis, Gray, Hand-l, B. i. p. 220, no. 3142. 
Acanthiza aucklandica, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3140; Giebel, 

Om. Thesaurus, p. 257. 
Pseudogerygone igata, Sharpe, Notes Ley den Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult male. General colour above dark olive-brown, with, a more 
distinct olive tinge on the back and rump; upper tail-coverts rather 
lighter; tail-feathers ashy brown with a broad antesubterminal 
shade of black, all but the centre feathers with a distinct subtermi


* The following species is unknown to me, and Mr. Potts, who separates the 
bird as distinct from P. igata (vel flaviventris) on account of the different song, 
does not give any specific characters :— 
PSEUDOGERYGONE SYLVESTBIS. 
Gerygone sylvestris, Potts, Tr. JV*. Zeal Inst v. p. 177, vi. p. 144; Finsch, 
Tr. N. Zeal Inst vii. p. 229. 
If Von Pelzeln's Pseudogerygone aucklandica be really distinct from P. igata, 
Mr. Pott's species might have to bear that name. 

Adult male. Upper surface dark olivaceous; wings smoky black, except first 
two feathers, outer webs fringed with yellow; cheek dark grey, darkest in a 
line from the gape through the eye; chin grey; neck and breast pale grey; 
abdomen white; under wing-coverts white; upper wing-coverts brown, margined 
with yellow; upper tail-coverts slaty black, tipped with yellow; tail 
brown, with a broad band of black, two centre feathers black, tipped with brown, 
four feathers on each side tipped with white on inner webs, pale brown on outer 
webs, two outer feathers broadly barred with white, tipped with brown. Bill 
black, both^ mandibles horn-colour at the point: legs and feet black; inside of 
feet yellowish flesh; irides bright blood-red. Bill from gape 6 lines, wings 
from flexure 2 inches, tail 2 inches 2 lines, tarsus 9 lines, middle toe and claw 
5 lines; total length 4 inches 5 lines. 

Hab. Westland, New Zealand. 

18 . PSETJDOGEBYGOJtfE. 
219 

nal white bar; median and lesser wing-coverts like the back; 
greater coverts and quills brown, narrowly edged with olive-brown; 
lores and an indistinct eyebrow dark grey; feathers in front of and 
round the eye blackish; ear-coverts and sides of neck dark ashy 
grey, the latter washed with olive; cheeks and under surface of 
body lighter ashy, inclining to white on the abdomen, flanks, and 
under tail-coverts; thighs ashy brown ; under wing-coverts slightly 
washed with olive; quills brown below, whitish along the edge 
of the inner web; "bill, tarsus, and toes dark brown; iris red" 
(Butter). Total length 4*1 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-1, tail 1*8, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 4 inches, culmen 
0*4, wing 1*9, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*75. 
Young. Similar to the adult, but browner above, and washed with 
pale yellow on the sides of the body. 
Hab. Few Zealand. 

a, b. (S ? ad. sk. New Zealand (F. Strange). Capt. Stokes [P.]. 

c. Juv. sk. Bay of Islands, N. Z. AntarcticExpedition[G.]. 
d. Juv. sk. New Zealand. Zoological Society. 
2. Pseudogerygone modesta. 
Gerygone modesta, Teh. Stiz. 1c. Akad. Wien, xli. p. 320: Gray, Ibis. 
1862, p. 221. 
Acanthiza modesta;, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3139. 
Pseudogerygone modesta, Sharps, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult. General colour above brown, with a slight olivaceous 
brown tinge on the rump and upper tail-coverts; lesser and median 
wing-coverts like the back; greater and primary-coverts, as well as 
the quills, dark brown, narrowly edged with olive-brown margins; 
tail-feathers ashy brown, edged with olive, with an antesubterminal 
shade of black forming a broad band across the end of the tail, all 
but the centre feathers having a small spot of white near the tip of 
the inner web, increasing in extent towards the outermost; lores 
obscure grey, forming an almost imperceptible streak over the fore 
part of the eye ; round the latter a ring of white feathers, and in 
front of it a blackish spot; sides of face ashy, darker on the upper 
edge of the ear-coverts; throat and breast ashy; the abdomen, flanks, 
and under tail-coverts white, strongly washed with buff; thighs 
ashy; under wing-coverts and axillaries dull white, washed with 
yellow; thighs ashy; quills brown below, whitish along the inner 
web ; " eyes black" (Brenchley). Total length 4'2 inches, culmen 
045, wing 2*05, tail 1*75, tarsus 0-8. 

Eab. Norfolk Island. 

a. Ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1865. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.]. 
3. Pseudogerygone ruficollis. 
Gerygone? ruficollis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civle. Genov. yii. p. 959. 
Pseudogerygone ruficollis, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Female (Atam, June 26,1875, Beccari; type of species). General 

220 M U&CICAVIBM. 

colour above umber-brown; wings blackish brown, the coverts and 

quills edged with paler brown, inclining to whity brown on the 

secondaries; tail-feathers brown, with a broad black bar near their 

ends, all but the centre feathers having a conspicuous white spot 

near the tip of the inner web; lores and an indistinct eyebrow 

rufous-brown; eyelid buify whitish; in front of the eye a blackish 

spot; sides of face, throat, and fore neck light rufous ; remainder of 

the body white, the sides of the upper breast brown ; sides of body 

slightly washed with brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

white; quills dark brown below, whitish along the inner webs. 

Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2, tail 1*4, tarsus 0*65. 

(Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hab. Atam, N.W. New Guinea. 

4. Pseudogerygone culicivora. 
Psilopus culicivorus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 176. 
Gerygone culicivora, Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 99; Bp. Consp. i. 


p. 293; Beiihmb. Tog. Neuholl pp. 71, 288; Gould, Handb. B. 
Austr. i. p. 2Q8 ; Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 183. 
Acanthiza culicivora, Gray, Gen. P. i. p. 189 * id. Hand-l. P. i. p. 219, 
no. 3135. 
Pseudogerygone culicivora, Sharpe, Notes Ley den Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the wing-coverts 
and quills with narrow margins of lighter brown, inclining to whitish 
on the secondaries; tail white at base, the more central feathers 
with the extreme bases blackish; the two middle feathers ashy 
brown, with a sub terminal shade of black, all the others with a 
broad band of black before the end of the tail, the outer feather 
tipped with white, the others with a large spot of wrhite at the tip 
of the inner web; lores and sides of face light ash-colour, with a 
spot of dusky brown feathers in front of and behind the eye ; upper 
and lower margin of eyelid whitish; throat and chest ashy whitish, 
becoming purer white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, the 
sides of the body washed with ochraceous buff; thighs brown; under 
wing-coverts white, the quills ashy brown below, edged with whitish 
along the inner web; " bill and feet black; iris light reddish yellow " 
(Gould). Total length 4 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2'25, tail 1*8, 
tarsus 0-75. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Hab. "Western Australia. 

5. Pseudogerygone cinerea, 
Gerygone ? cinerea, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 958. 
Pseudogerygone cinerea, Sharpe, Mtes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult male (Atam, July 1, 1875, Beccari; type of species). 
General colour above ashy grey, the crown slightly mottled with 
blackish bases to the feathers; wings browner than the back, the 
wing-coverts and^ quills very narrowly edged with ashy grey; 
feathers of the rump tipped with white, forming a bar across; tail-
feathers brown, margined with ashy grey, and crossed with an indistinct 
band of black near the tip, the outermost with a small, 
nearly obsolete whitish mark near the end of the inner web; lores 

18 . PSEUDOGERYGONE. 
221 

and sides of face ashy grey; round the eye a dull whitish ring; 
under surface of body white, the sides of the upper breast ashy, and 
the flanks slightly washed with the latter colour; thighs greyish. 
Total length 3*8 inches, culmon 0-4, wing 1*9, tail 1*3, tarsus 0-65. 

(Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Adult female. Like the male. Total length 3-5 inches, culraen 0*4, 
wing 2, tail 1*4, tarsus 0*65. 
Bab. Atam, KW. New Guinea. 

6. Pseudogerygone brunneipectus. 
Gerygone magnirostris, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 25 (nee 
Gould). 
Pseudogerygone brunneipectus, Sha?ye, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no.9,p.29. 
Adult male. Above dark chocolate-brown, slightly more rufous-
brown on the upper tail-coverts; tail-feathers brown, edged with 
rufous-brown, and having a broad subterminal bar, the outermost 
with a faint indication of a pale spot near the tip of the outer web; 
wings brown, the coverts and quills edged with the same brown as 
the back, and slightly washed with olive; near the base of the bill 
a narrow loral line of whitish ; spot in front of the eye blackish; 
eyelid white; ear-coverts reddish brown; throat white; rest of under 
surface of the body light ochraceous brown, paler on the abdomen ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries dull whitish, washed with brown; 
quills blackish brown, ashy along the edge of the inner webs. Total 
length 4*2 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-25, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*7. 
Young. Tinged with yellow on the underparts, and with olive 
on the back and wings; the white spots on the tail-feathers more 
distinct; throat dull white; breast yellow, obscured with brownish 
edges to the feathers. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Obs. A species very doubtfully distinct from P. conspicillata, with 
which Count Salvadori was inchned to identify it after comparing 
his specimens with the type in the British Museum. 
Hab. North Australia (Mus. Godman), South-eastern New Guinea 
(Mus. Genov.), and the Aru Islands. 

a, S ad. sk. Aru Islands (Von Rosenberg). Leiden Museum [P.]. 

7. Pseudogerygone conspicillata. 
Micrceca conspicillata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 156; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 170 j Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 324, no. 4859. 
Sylvia virescens, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 169 {ex Mull MS. in Mm. Zugd.). 
Gerygone aflinis, Meyer, Sitz. k Ahad. Wissensch. Wien, Ixx. p. 116; 

Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. via. p. 958. 
Gerygone conspicillata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 348. 
Pseudogerygone conspicillata, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult female (type of species). General colour above olive-brown, 
a little duller on the head; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, 
margined with a narrow edging of the same colour as the back, a 
little more olive on the secondaries; tail-feathers ashy brown, edged 
with olive; a shade of darker brown before the ends of the feathers, 
which are lighter and more ashy brown ; in front of the eye a dusky 

MCTSUICAPIlUi 

222 

brown patch ; sides of the face and ear-coverts brown; a loral spot 
of white; eyelid white above and below, brown in front and behind; 
cheeks and throat white, as also the centre of the abdomen and 
under taiL-coverts; the sides of the body slightly fulvescent, more 
distinctly tinged with fulvous-brown on the fore neck; under wing-
coverts white, with a slight yellowish tinge; quills brown below, 
with whitish edgings to the inner web. Total length 4 inches, 
culm en 0*45, wing 2-1, tail 1-6, tarsus 0*65. 

llab. New Guinea, Island of Jobi. 

a. 
$ ftd. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Dorey, N. G. m A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
c. 
2 ad-sk. Soroiig,fcJalwatti, Feb. 8, Leiden Museum [P.]. 
1808 (Dr. Bernstein). 
8. Pseudogerygone naagnirostris. 
Gerygone maguirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 13£; id. B. Austr. 
fol. ii. pi. 100 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 293; ReicJienb. Tog. Weuholl 
pp. 220, 288; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 166; Goidd, 'ttandb. B. 
Austr. i. p. 270; Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 183. 

Acaulhiza magnirostris. Gray. Gen. B. i. p. 189; *id. Hand-l. B. i. 

p. 219, no. 3136. 
Pseudogerygone magnirostris, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mm. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult. All the upper surface brown; margins of the primaries 
slightly tinged with olive; tail-feathers crossed near the extremity 
by an indistinct broad band of brownish black; all the under surface 
white, tinged with brownish buff; irides light brown; bill 
olive-brown, the base of the lower mandible pearl-white; feet 
greenish grey. Total length 3f inches, bill -fa, wing 2| , tail 1|*, 
tarsus -| (Gould). 


Hab. Port Essington and Port Darwin in North-western Australia; 
Rockingham Ray in Queensland. 


9. Pseudogerygone-ilavilateralis. 
Acanthizaflavolateralis, Gray, P. Z. S.1859, p. 161; id. Cat B. Trop. 
Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 15; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 219, no. 3119; Marie, 
Actes Linn. 8oc. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 327. 

Gerygone flavolateralis, Layard, Ibis, 1877, p. 357: id. Ibis, 1878, 

p. 254. 
Pseudogerygone navilateralis, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult (type of species). General colour above olive, the head and 
neck ashy, extending onto the mautle; the rump a little more 
yellow than the back; wing-coverts olive, slightly shaded with 
ashy; greater series and primary-coverts dark brown, the former 
broadly, the latter narrowly edged with pale olive-yellow; quills 
dark brown, narrowly margined with olive-yellow; tail-feathers 
light brown, edged with olive, all but the centre feathers with a 
large white spot at the end of the inner web, increasing in extent 
towards the outermost, where it forms a subterminal bar across the 
feather; all the feathers with a broad subterminal shade of black; lores 

greyish white, forming also a narrow line above the eye; in front of 

18 . PSEUDOGERrGONE, 
223 

the eye a dusky spot; round the eye a ring of greyish-white 
feathers; ear-eoverts and sides of neck ashy brown like the head; 
cheeks and under surface of body ashy white, with a browner shade 
on the chest and sides of the breast,"the under tail-coverts slightly 
tinged with yellow; sides of the body pale lemon-yellow; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a slight wash of pale yellow; 
quills brown below, margined with white along the inner web! 
Total length 3-6 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2, tail 1-6, tarsus 0*7. 

Hab. New Caledonia. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Island of Nu, New Caledonia, J. Macgillivray, Esq. fC.1 
April 20, 1858. (Type of species.) 
10. Pseu&ogerygone fusca. 
Psilopus fuscus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 147 ; id. 8yn. B. Austr. pt. iv. 

Gerygone fusca, 
Gould in Be 8t?*zelecki's Phys. Bescr. of N. 8. Wales 
and Van Biemerfs Land, p. 321; id. B. Austr. fol. ii. pi. 98 ; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 293; JReichmb. Vog. NeuhoH. pp. 70, 288; Gould, 
Handh. B. Austr. i. p. 267; Ramsay; Proe. Linn. 8oc. JV. 8. W. 

ii. p. 183. 
Acanthiza fusca, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 180; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 219. 
no. 3134. 
Pseudogerygone fusca, 8harpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult (Cape York, J". Goclcerell). General colour above brown, 
slightly more rufescent on the rump and upper tail-coverts; lesser 
and median wing-coverts like the back, the greater coverts and 
quills dark brown, narrowly margined with the brown of the back, 
inclining to whity brown on the edges of the primaries; tail ashy 
brown, with a broad shade of black towards the ends of the feathers, 
all of which, with the exception of the two centre ones, have a large 
white spot near the end of the inner web, the outermost being crossed 
by a subterminal white bar, the tip being dusky brown; lores and 
a line over the eye greyish white, as well as the eye-ring and 
feathers below the eye; in front of the eye a blackish spot; sides of 
the face, sides of neck, and throat ashy grey, shading off into greyish 
white on the breast, and to pure white on the abdomen; thighs 
brown; flanks and under tail-coverts washed with buff; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white; quills dark brown below, whitish 
along the edge of the inner web; " bill and feet black; iris light 
reddish yellow" (Gould). Totallength 3*8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 
1*9, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*65. (Mus. F.BuCane Godman.) 
Another specimen in Mr. Godinan's collection, perhaps a female, 
is much more fulvous-brown above, especially on the rump and upper 
tail-coverts; the sides of the body are tawny buff, as well as the 
under tail-coverts, leaving only the breast and centre of the abdomen 
whitish. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1*9, tail 
1-6, tarsus 0*65. 
Hab. Australia: "Wide-Bay district; Eichmond and Clarence-
Eiver districts ; New South Wales; Victoria. 

11. Pseudogerygone Isovigastra. 
Gerygone leevigaster, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 133; id. B. Au*tr 
MUSCICAPIDJL 

224 

fol. ii. pi. 101 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 293; Reichenb. V6g. NeuholL pp. 
220, 288j Mnsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 166; Gould, Eandk B. Austr. 

i. p. 270; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soo. N. S. W. ii. p. 183. 
Acanthiza lcevigaster, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189; id. Mand-l. B. i. p. 219, 
no. 3137. 
Gerygone simplex, Masters *, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S, Wales, i. p. 52 
(nee Cab.) j Ramsay, op, cit. ii. p. 183. 
Pseudogerygone la3vigastra, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult (Cape York, J. Cockerel!). Above light brown, a little more 
fulvescent brown on the lower back and rump ; tail-coverts brown, 
with lighter brown margins; two centre tail-feathers ashy brown, 
with a subtcrminal shade of darker brown, the rest of the feathers 
ashy brown, with a very broad antesubterminal band of black, and 
having a large white spot at the top of the inner web ; least and 
median wing-coverts like the back, the greater series, primary-
coverts, and quills brown, with narrow whity-brown or fulvescent 
edges; lores white, extending backwards and forming a complete 

* 
eyebrow; eyelid above and below white, behind and before brown ; 
in front of the eye a spot of dusky brown; sides of face pale ashy 
brown; throat and under surface of body pure white; thighs brown; 
sides of breast and flanks ashy brown; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries pure white; quills brown below, white along the edges of 
the inner web; "bill olive-brown, base of lower mandible ashy 
greyt; feet dark greenish grey; iris light reddish brown " (Gould)* 
Total length 4*2 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-15, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*7. 
(Muff. F. Die Cane Godman.) 
Hab. Port Essington, Port Darwin, Gulf of Carpentaria in Northern 
Australia, 

12. Pseudogerygone albifrontata. 
Gerygone albofrontata, Gray, Voy. Erebus Sr Terror, Birds, p. 5, pi. 4. 
fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 293 ; 'Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 221; Buller, B. 
New Zealand, p. Ill; Finsch, J. f. O. 1874, p. 188; Sharpe, Voy. 
Frebus $• Terror, Birds, App. p. 26. 

Acanthiza albofrontata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189; id. Hand-l. B. i. 

p. 219, no. 3130. 
Gerygone frontata, Potts, Tr. N. Z. Inst vi. p. 144 (lapsu). 
Pseudogerygone albifrontata, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult (type of species). General colour above brown, inclining to 
ochraceous brown on the rump and to ochreous fawn-colour on the 
upper tail-coverts, which contrast with the rest of the upper surface; 
tail-feathers brown, all of them fawn-colour near the base of the 
outer web, and having a broad shade of black near the end, with a 
subterminal spot or bar near the tip of the inner web ; least and 
median wing-coverts like the back, the greater coverts and quills 
dark brown, edged with yellowish brown, lighter on the quills; base 
of forehead, feathers above and round the eye, as well as a tolerably 

* From the description given by Mr. Masters, I consider his Gerygone simplex 
to ^ be the same as G. l<pvigaster of Gould. Should it eventually be distinguished 
from the latter species it cannot bear the name ofsimplex, already appropriated 
by Oabanis, and I would propose that of Psetidogerygom mastersifor it. 
f Not so represented in the plate. 

18 . PSEUDOGEBYGCXNE. 
225 

distinct eyebrow, greyish white; eye-ring purer white; in front of 
the eye a dusky spot; ear-coverts greyish white, the upper edge 
brown; under surface of body dull white, with a slight shade of 
brown, the sides of the body and flanks yellow; under tail-coverts 
tawny buff; thighs dark brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white ; quills dark brown, whity brown along the edge of the inner 
web; "bill and feet blackish brown; iris blood-red" (Buller). 
Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*75, tail 2*2, 
tars as 0*95. 

Female. Similar to the male, but slightly smaller, and without the 
yellow tinge on the underparts (Butter)* 
Hab. Chatham Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Chatham Islands. New Zealand Co. [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
13. Pseudogerygone rafescens. 
Gerygone ? rufescens, Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 961. 
Pseudogerygone rufescens, S7ia?ye, Notes Leyden Mus, i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult male (Atam, June 21, 1875, Beccari; typo of species). 
General colour above dark umber-brown, with a slight olive tinge, 
especially distinct on the wing-coverts; greater coverts and quills 
dark brown, with pale olive-brown edges; rump and upper tail-
coverts rather more rufous-brown than the back; tail-feathers dull 
brown, edged with rufous-olive and crossed near the end with a distinct 
shade of black, mostly confined to the inner web, the outermost 
feathers with a pale subterminal spot of rufous-buff, very indistinct; 
lores olivaceous buff; eye-ring pale rufous-brown; sides 
of face and under surface of body pale rufous-brown, inclining to 
fulvous on the lower abdomen; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
rufous-buff; quills dark brown below, whity brown along the edge 
of the inner web. Total length 3*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*1, 
tail 1-6, tarsus 0*75. (Mus. Givic. Genov.) 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 
0*45, wing 2*05, tail 1*5, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 
Hob. Atam, KW . New Guinea. 

14. Pseudogerygone rubra. 
Pseudogerygone rubra, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult male (Tjobonda, Arfak Mountains, Feb. 17th, 1876, 
Bruijn). General colour above dark crimson, a little duller on the 
head and neck; wings dull blackish, with a small white bar running 
obliquely across the wing; tail-feathers black, with white tips 
to the outer feathers, increasing in extent on the outermost, where 
the white extends a little way up the outer web also; forehead 
dusky brown, the loral plumes dull white with black tips; across 
the base of the forehead a small white line; ear-coverts and eyelid 
sooty blackish, the latter white in front and behind only; cheeks 
dull white with dusky bases; under surface of body light ashy 
grey, becoming white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts 

226 
MUSCICAHDJ3. 

thighs blackish, washed with dark crimson; under wing-coverts 

and axillarios white; quills ashy below, with an indistinct white 

bar across the basal portion of the quills. Total length 4*1 inches, 

oilmen 0*5, wing 2-35, tail 2*1, tarsus 0-6. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Hab. Arfak Mountains, N.W. New Guinea. 

15. Pseudogerygone chrysogastra. 
Gerygone chrysogaster, 
Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 174; id. Cat. B. New 
Guinea, p. 25; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 484; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, 

p. 106; Salvad. Sf B Albert. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 820; 
Salvad. t. c. p. 956, ix. p. 26; Sharpe, Journ. Lirm. Soc. xiii. p. 495. 
Acanthiza chlorogaster, Gray, Eund-l. B. i. p. 219, no. 3131. 
Pseudogerygone clirysogastra, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult male. General colour olive-brown, the upper tail-coverts 

more rusty brown; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series 

darker brown, narrowly edged with olive-brown like the back; 

quills dark brown, externally edged with olive; tail dark brown, 

edged with rusty brown like the upper tail-coverts; lores and eye


lid dull white; ear-coverts and sides of face light ashy brown; 

cheeks, throat, and breast white, the remainder of the under surface 

sulphur-yellow, the thighs browner; under wing-coverts pale yel


low, with white bases; "bill and feet dusky" (Wallace)', iris 

black (D'Albertis). Total length 4-7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-2, 

tail 1*8, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. " Bill black, feet 

pale reddish white" (Wallace). Total length 4*2 inches, culmen 

0*45, wing 2, tail 1*7, tarsus 0-65. 

Hab. Aru Islands and South-eastern New Guinea; island of 
Jobi, in the Bay of Geelvink. 


a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Types of species.) 


c. J ad. sk. Am Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C], 
d. Ad. sk. Aru Islands (Von Leiden Museum [P.J. 
Rosenberg). 
16. Pseudogerygone arfakiana. 
Gerygone ? arfakiana, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 960, 
x. p. 148. 
Pseudogerygone arfakiana, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult male (Arfak, May 11, 1875, Beccari; type of species). 
Above dusky olive-green, the lower back and rump more obvebrown, 
the upper tail-coverts rufous-brown; tail-feathers brown, 
with rufous-olive margins, and having an indistinct shade of darker 
brown a little before their ends; wing-coverts like the back; primary-
coverts dusky brown, edged with olive ; quills dusky brown, 
margined with yellowish olive ; lores and a ring of feathers round 
the eye dull whitish; sides of face dull white, the ear-coverts dusky 
ash; throat and under surface of body dull whitish, washed with 
fulvous on the chest, lower flanks, and under tail-coverts ; sides of 
neck and sides of breast dusky ash-grey washed with olive; thighs 

18. PSEUDOGEEraoim 
227 

olive-brown; under wing-coverts white, washed with olive-yellow; 
quills dusky brown, edged with white along the inner web. Total 
length 3-75 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-95, tail 1-5, tarsus 07. 
(Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hab. Arfak Mountains, N.W. New Guinea. 

17. Pseudogerygone notata. 
Gerygone neglecta?, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Gmov. vii. p. 957 
(nee Wall). r 
Gerygone notata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 344. 
Pseudogerygone notata, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Adult. General colour above dark greenish olive, rather more 
rufescent on the upper tail-coverts; least wing-coverts like the 
back; greater and median wing-coverts dark brown, edged and 
tipped with yellow; quills dark brown, externally edged with the 
same olive as the back; tail-feathers brown, with olive margins; 
lores burly whitish ; ear-coverts olive, with lighter shaft-streaks; 
throat and breast white, slightly tinged with yellow; the abdomen, 
thighs, and under tail-coverts olive-yellow; under wing-coverts 
white, as also the axillaries, washed with yellow, especially on the 
edge of the wing; quills dusky brown below, buffy white along the 
inner edge of the quills. Total length 4*2 inches, culmen 045, 
wing 1*95, tail 1*55, tarsus 06. 
Hab. Island of Mysol and N."W. New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Mysol. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
b. S ad. sk. Sailolo, Salwatti, Feb. 25, Leiden Museum [P.]. 
1865 (Dr. Bernstein). 

18. Pseudogerygone neglecta. 
Gerygone neglecta, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 475. 
Acanthiza neglecta, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3144. 
Pseudogerygone neglecta, Sharpe} Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 


Adult (type of species). General colour above dull olive, the upper 
tail-coverts rather more rufescent olive; wing-coverts dusky brown, 
with olive margins like the back; quills dull brown, with more 
yellow margins to the feathers; tail-feathers brown, edged with 
dusky olive ; feathers in front of and round the eye dull yellow; 
ear-coverts dusky olive-yellowish; throat dull white, as also the 
centre of the breast, washed with yellow, the flanks olive-greenish, 
the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts brighter yellow; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a slight wash of yellow; 
quills dark brown below, edged with lighter brown along the inner 
web. Total length 4*4 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*2, tail 1*7, 
tarsus 0"-6. 

Hab. Island of Waigiou. 

a. Ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.j. 
(Type of species.; 
b. $ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
228 MtrSCICAPIDJE. 

19. Pseudogerygone trochiloides. 
Sericornis? trochiloides, Salvad. Ann. Mxis. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 961. 
Pseudogerygone trochiloides, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult female (Kordo, Misori, May 1875, Beccari; type of 
species). General colour above dull olive-green, the head a little 
duller than the hack; wing-coverts like the back, the median and 
greater series a little more yellow, especially at the tips, forming an 
indistinct double bar across the wing; primary-coverts and quills 
dusky brown, edged with olive-yellow ; tail-feathers dusky blackish, 
edged with olive-green like the back; lores mottled with dusky 
grey, with whitish bases; an indistinct eye-ring of yellow; ear-
coverts dull greyish, washed with olive, and with yellowish narrow 
shaft-lines; cheeks and throat yellow; remainder of under surface 
olive-greenish, rather more grey on the sides of the body, where 
the bases of the feathers are grey, the centre of the body rather 
brighter yellow, the feathers being edged with the latter colour; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, washed with yellow, especially 
near the edge of the wing; quills dusky brown below, whitish 
along the inner web; bill blackish, the lower mandible yellowish 
white; feet yellowish. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 
2-1, tail 1-4, tarsus 0*8. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Young male (Kordo, May 7,1875, Beccari). Similar to the adult, 
but rather more dull in colour and rather paler yellow on the under 
surface. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*1, tail 1*45, 
tarsus 0*8. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Obs. This species, as well as P. poliocepliala and P. maforensis, is 
rather aberrant in form, having an enormous bill, strong bristles, 
long wings, and long silky Hank-feathers. 

Hob. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink. 

20. Pseudogerygone maforensis. 
G-erygone maforensis, Meyer, Sitz. h. AJcad. Wipn, Ixx. p. 120. 

Pseudogerygone maforensis, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 

Adult female (Mafoor, March 1873, Dr. A. B. Meyer; type of 
species). General colour above dark olive-green, the head greyer, 
and slightly washed with olive; wing-coverts brown, edged with 
olive, the greater series tipped with yellow, forming a bar across the 
wing; quills dusky brown, edged with olive-yellow, a little brighter 
on the primaries; tail blackish brown, narrowly and indistinctly 
edged with olive ; lores dusky grey; cheeks and ear-coverts lighter 
ashy, the latter slightly washed with olive and narrowly streaked 
with dull whitish shaft-lines; under surface of body pale greyish 
on the throat and breast, with yellow streaks, the feathers being 
edged with olive-yellow; the abdomen whiter, washed with yellow, 
the sides of the body ashy grey washed with olive; under wing-
coverts white, the edge of the wing yellowish ; quills dusky brown 
below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 3*8 inches, culmen 
0*45, wing 2, tail 1*3, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Dresden.) 

Eab. Island of Mafoor, in the Bay of Geelvink. 

18 . PSETJDOGBEYGONE. 
529 

21. Pseudogerygone chloronota. 
Gerygone chloronotus, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 133; id. B. Austr. 
fol. ii. pi. 182; Bp. Camp. i.p. 293; Reichenh. Tog. Neuholl. pp. 71, 
288 j Finsch, Next-Guinea, p. 166; Gould, Handb. B. Austr, i. 

p. 271; Ramsay, B\ Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 170. . 
Acanthiza chloronotus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189• id* Hand-l. B. i. 
p. 219, no. 3138. 
Pseudogerygone chloronota, 8harpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29. 
Head and back of the neck brownish grey; back, wing-coverts, 
rump, upper tail-coverts, margins of the primaries, and the margins 
of the basal half of the tail-feathers bright olive-green; primaries 
and tail-feathers brown, the latter becoming much darker towards 
the extremity; under surface white; sides and vent olive-yellow; 
irides wood-brown; upper mandible greenish grey ; lower mandible 
white ; feet blackish grey. Total length 3§ inches, bill -^ wing 2|, 
tail If, tarsus •§•. (Gould.) 

Hab. Northern Australia. 

22. Pseudogerygone poliocephala. 
Gerygone ? poliocephala, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 960. 
Pseudogerygone poliocephala, 8haipe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9. 

p. 29. 
Adult female (Wamai, Arfak Mountains, Eeb. 18, 1876, Bruijn). 
General colour above olive-green, the wing-coverts coloured like the 
back; greater coverts and quills dark brown, edged with brighter 
olive-yellow than the back; upper tail-coverts also a little brighter; 
tail-feathers dusky brown, margined with olive-yellow; crown of 
head dull ashy brown, washed with olive, the head being a little 
darker than the back; from the nostrils a distinct white eyebrow, 
extending to the end of the ear-coverts; eyelid, sides of face, and 
throat ashy whitish, with a dusky shade along the upper edge of the 
ear-coverts; remainder of under surface of body bright yellow, somewhat 
washed with olive on the sides; under wing-coverts whitish, 
washed with yellow; quills dark brown below, edged with white 
along the inner web. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-25, 
tail 1-55, tarsus 0*75. (Mus. Lugd.) 

A younger specimen, marked a male, has the throat washed with 
yellow and the sides of the face more dusky. Total length 3*6 inches, 
culmen 045, wing 2*15, tail 1*6, tarsus 0*75. (Mus, Lugd.) 

Obs. The type specimen from the Arfak Mountains, May 3, 1875 
(Bruijn), kindly lent by Count Salvador!, agrees exactly with the 
description above given, and measures as follows:—Total length 
4 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*2, tail 1*6, tarsus 0*75. 

Hab. Arfak Mountains, N."W. New Guinea. 

23. Pseudogerygone personata. 
Gerygone personata, Gould, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 217; id. B. Austr. fol 
Suppl pi. 14; Ramsay, Pi'oc. Linn. 8oe. N. 8. W. ii. p. 183. 

230 MTJSCICAPIDJK. 

Acanthiza personata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 219, no. 3128. 
Gerygone flavida, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pp. 53,183 


($)• 

Pseudogerygone personata, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, 

p. 28. 
Adult maZ« (type of species). General colour above olive greenish,the 

upper tail-coverts browner; wing-coverts like the hack, the greater 

series and the quills with narrow and yellower edges; tail-feathers 

light brown, with obscure olive margins, the outer feathers with 

paler tips to the inner webs ; forehead, feathers in front of the eye, 

and ear-coverts dull brown, a loral spot and broad moustache white ; 

throat brown; remainder of under surface sulphur-yellow; the 

under wing-coverts paler white, washed with the yellow of the 

breast. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2'2, tail 1*7, 

tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Similar to the male on the upper surface of the 

"body, the quills edged with slightly brighter yellow ; tail-feathers 

brown, edged with olive-greenish, and having an indistinct blackish 

shade before the end of the tail; a large white loral spot; ear-coverts 

brown, tinged with olive; eye-ring ashy whitish ; cheeks and chin 

white; rest of under surface bright yellow from the upper throat 

downwards; thighs brown; sides of upper breast ashy brown; under 

wing-coverts pale yellow; quills dusky brown, whitish along the 

inner web. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1-95, tail 1*5, 

tarsus 0*65. {Mus. F. DuCane Gfodman.) 

Bab. N.E. Australia. 

a. <5 ad. sk. Cape York. John Gould, Esq. (Type of species.) 
24. Pseudogerygone palpebrosa. (Plate YI.) 
Gerygone palpebrosa, Wall. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 475 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. 

Civic. Genov. xii. p. 344. 
Acanthiza palpebrosa, Gray, Band-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3143. 
Gerygone melanothorax, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 956. 
Pseudogerygone palpebrosa, Shavpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, 

p. 28. 
Adult male (Profl, Mount Arfak, July 9, 1875, Beccari; type of 

G. melanothorax). General colour above dark green, duller on the 
head and neck; wing-coverts dusky brown, narrowly edged with olive-
yellow ; tail-feathers dark brown, margined with olive, and almost imperceptibly 
blacker towards their ends, with the faintest indication 
of a white spot near the tips of the inner web of the outermost; 
forehead, feathers over the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and entire 
throat and fore neck black ; a distinct loral spot of white ; cheeks 
with a broad spot of white; remainder of under surface of body 
bright sulphur-yellow, slightly washed with green on the sides of 
the body, the black feathers on the lower fore neck tipped with 
green like the adjoining sides of the breast; thighs yellow ; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, strongly washed with yellow; 
quills dusky brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. 
19 . 
CHASIEMPIS. 
231 

Total length 3-8 inches, oilmen 0*45, wing 2-15, tail 1-45, tarsus 0-6. 

(Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Adult female. Rather more olive-yellow, and not of such a deep 
green above as the male; quills and tail-feathers dusky brown, with 
olive-yellow margins, the latter with a slight shade of darker or 
blackish brown towards their ends; lores dusky white; eye-ring yellowish 
; ear-coverts ashy grey ; cheeks and throat dull whitish, the 
lower part of the latter washed with yellow; rest of under surface of 
body bright yellow, as also the under wing-coverts and axillaries ; 
quills dull brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. 
Total length 3*8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-95, tail 1*4, tarsus 0*6. 

Ohs. The type of the species is a young male, resembling the 
female, but already showing traces of the adult plumage in the shape 
of black feathers on the throat and a ring of black plumes round 
the eye. 
Bab. Aru Islands and N.W. New Guinea. 

a. £ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b,c. 6 $ ad. sk. Aru Islands (Von RosenLeiden 
Museum [P.]. 
berg). 

19. 
CHASIEMPIS. 
Type. 
Chasiempis, Cabanis, Arch, fur Naturg. 1847, p. 207.. C. sandvicensia. 

Foot of Chasiempis sandvicensis. 

Range. Confined to the Sandwich Islands and Rarotonga in the 
Pacific. 

Key to the Species. 
Males. 


a. Above rufous-brown; upper tail-coverts white j 
forehead and eyebrow rufous sandvicensis, p. 232. 
b. Above dark ashy grey; upper tail-coverts black j 
forehead and eyebrow dull white 
dimidiata, p. 232. 
Females. 

a. Rufous: tail brown, with white tips to the inner 
wet)g sandvicensis, p. 232. 
b 
Rufous; taii pale rufous, with a broad band of 
dark brown at the tip dimidiata, p. 232. 

232 HTJSCICAPIDJK. 

1. Chasiempis sandvicensis. 
Sandwich Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 344, no. 41. 
Spotted-winged Flycatcher, Lath. i. c. p. 345, no. 43. 
Muscicapa sandwichensis, Gm. S. N. l. p. 945 (ex Lath. no. 41); 


Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 263. 
Muscicapa maculata, Gm. t. c. i. p. 945 (ex Lath. no. 43) ; Gray, Gen. 

B. i. p. 2(33; Dole, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xii. p. 294. 
Chasiempis sandwicensis, Cabanis, Arch. f. Naturg. 1847, p. 208; 
Hartl. Arch. f. Naturg. 1852, p. 133; Sclater, Ibis, 1871, p. 360; 
id. P. Z. S. 1678, p. 346. 

Eopsaltria (Chasiempis) sandwichensis, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. 

Pacific Ocean, p. 21. 
Eopsaltria (Chasiempis) maculata, Gray, t. c. p. 22. 
Cnipolegus, sp. 1238, Sclater, Cat. Am. B. p. 203, et P. Z. S. 1873, p. 555. 
Eopsaltria sandvicensis, Dole, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xii. p. 300; Gray, 

Iland-l, B. i. p. 390, no. 5924. 
Eopsaltria maculata, Gray, t. c. p. 390, no. 5925. 


Adult (Hilo, Owhyhee : J. Murray, Yoy. of H.M.S. < Challenger'). 
General colour above dark rufous-brown, the forehead and 
feathers over the eye chestnut, feathers below the eye blackish 
washed with chestnut; wing-coverts black, tipped with white spots ; 
primary-coverts black, externally narrowly edged with white ; quills 
blackish brown, externally edged with rufous, inclining to dull 
whitish towards the tips, the inner secondaries tipped with white; 
upper tail-coverts white; tail blackish brown, all but the four centre 
feathers tipped with white, more broadly towards the outermost; 
cheeks and throat white, with black bases to the feathers, producing 
a slightly mottled appearance; rest of under surface of body chestnut, 
washed with brown on the fore neck; the breast-feathers 
mottled with white, some of them being white on the outer webs, 
chestnut on the inner; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; 
thighs white, with black bases; under wing-coverts white, black at 


the base; quills dark ashy below, white along the edge of the inner web. 
Total length 5*1 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*7, tail 2*15, tarsus 0*85. 
Hab. Sandwich Islands. 


a. f ad. sk. Sandwich Islands. P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.]. 
2. Chasiempis dimidiata. 
Monarches dimidiata, Hartl. fy Finsch, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 28. 
Monarcha dimidiata, Salvin, Cat Strickl. Coll. p. 136. 


Adult male,. General colour above dark ashy grey, a little lighter 
on the head, with a hoary shade on the crown; feathers of the 
upper surface with more or less distinct shaft-lines of white; least 
wing-coverts light ashy brown, the remainder dark brown with 
ashy-grey edgings, the median series with obscure whitish spots at 
the end ; primary-coverts ashy brown, edged with white at the tips ; 
quills dark brown, with obscure greyish margins ; tail-feathers 
black, with a spot of white near the base of the inner webs of the 
two centre feathers ; forehead hoary white, as well as the lores and 
an indistinct eyebrow; ear-coverts ashy brown, shaded with hoary 

20. MtrscYLVA. 
233 

whitish; cheeks and under surface of body dull white; under wing-
coverts white, with dusky blackish bases ; quills ashy brown below, 
edged with white along the inner web. Total length 6*1 inches, 
culmen 0-6, wing 3-2, tail 2-45, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. Gantabr.) 

Adult female. General colour above rusty cinnamon, somewhat 
mottled on the back with a subterminal shade of paler fulvous; 
rump-feathers black, tipped with chestnut; upper tail-coverts dark 
cinnamon; tail-feathers creamy white, with a band of dusky brown 
at the tip of the feathers; wing-coverts like the back, the median 
series with dull brown bases broadly edged with the colour of the 
back; greater coverts and primary-coverts dark brown, edged witli 
cinnamon-buff; quills dark brown, margined with rufous, the primaries 
broadly edged with whitish buff near the base ; feathers in 
front of the eye buffy whitish; sides of face and sides of neck, throat, 
and breast pale cinnamon-buff, lighter on the latter; remainder of 
under surface buffy whito; the flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts 
cinnamon, as also the under wing-coverts, the latter with dusky 
bases; quills ashy brown below, fulvous along the edge of the inner 
web. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 3, tail 2*5, tarsus 
0-05. (Mus. Gantabr.) 

Hab. Earotonga Island, Pacific Ocean. 

20. MUSCYLVA. Typo 
Muscylva, 
Ilombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, pi. xi. fig. 2 
(1842-53, descr. nulla, nee Muscysylma, Hoogs. 1844). . M. lessoni. 

Bill of Muscylva lessoni. 

Range. Confined to the Fiji group of islands 

1. Muscylva lessoni. 
Muscylva de Lesson, Ilombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 11. 
%• 2


Muscylva lessoni, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, Texte, iii. p. 75. 

Rhipidura lessoni, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258; id. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific 
Ocean, p. 17; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 332, no. 4902. 
Monarcha cinerea, Peak, US. Expt Exp., Birds, p. 101, pi. 27. fig. 2; 
Ilartl. in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 101. 
Leucocerca lessoni, Bp. Consp. i. to. 324, no. 0; Gass. U.S. Expl. 
Exp. p. 165; Ilartl. Ibis, 1864, p. .232. 
Monarcha lessoni, Finsch fy Ilartl. Faun. Gentralpolyn. p. 88, Taf. 7. 
fig. 5; Layard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 434 : id. Ibis, 1876, pp. 144, 392. 

Adult female. General colour above\grey, the upper tail-coverts 
black with broad whito edgings ; tail-feathers black, tipped with 
white, gradually increasing in extent towards the outermost feather; 

VOL. IV. 
B 

\ 

\ 

23 4 
MTJSCICAPIDJE. 

wing-coverts like the back, the greater series externally edged with 
hoary white; quills brown, edged with grey, lighter on the primaries, 
the inner secondaries narrowly tipped with white ; lores white, extending 
over the fore part of the eye; eyelid white ; ear-coverts and 
sides of face grey; under surface of body whitish, the breast and 
sides of body grey; thighs blackish with white edgings ; under 
wing-coverts white; quills brown below, edged with white along 
the inner web ; " bill lead-colour, the edges paler ; feet blackish ; 
iris brown " (Peale, Graeffe). Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*55, 
wing 2*8, tail 2*45, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult male. Similar to the female. Total length 5 inches, culmen 
0*55, wing 2-5, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*7. 
Ilab. Fiji Islands. 

a, 6. <$ ? ad. sk. N'Dreketti, Fiji (E. L. Rev. S. J. Whitmee. 
Layard). 

c. gad.sk. M'Bau Island, Fiji, Aug. J.Brenchley, Esq. [P.J. 
d. 
<j> ad. sk. Levivka, Ovalau, July J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.l 
1865. 
21. MIRO. 
Typo. 
Miro, Lesson, Traite dOm. p. 389 (1831) M. australis. 
Myioscopus, Reichenb. Syst. Av. Taf. lxvii. %. 12 (1850) M. australis. 

Leg of Miro albifrons. 

Mange. Confined to New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. 

Key to tlie Species. 

a. With a white frontal spot; centre of abdomen 
white. 
a'. Larger; wing 3'95 inches, tarsus 1*5: 
throat dark ashy brown or blackish, with 
white shaft-lines; whitish breast-patch 
large albifrons, p. 235. 

V. Smaller; wing 3-6 inches, tarsus 1*4: breast-
patch small; throat hoary grey, the feathers 
edged with brown; breast ashy, with 
whitish shaft-lines australis, p. 235. 
b. Entirely black above and below, with no white 
spot on the forehead and no white on the 
abdomen traversi, p. 23G. 
21. MIKO. 
235 
1. Miro albifrons. 
White-fronted Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. L p. 71. 
Turdus albifrons, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 822 (ex Lath.). 
Miro albifrons, Gray in Biefenb. Trav. ii. App. p. 190; Bp. Consp. i. 


p. 300; Butter, B. N. Zeal, p. 122 ; Sharpe, Voy. Freb. $ Terror, 
Birds, App. p. 25, pi. 6. fig. 2. 
Petroica albifrons, 
Gray, Voy. Freb. § Terror, Birds, p. 7, pi. 6.fig1.2j 
M7. 6fe». B. i. p. 83 j 'id. Ibis, 1862, p. 223 ; ttf. JTrmcW. J?, i. p. 229, 
no. 3308; Hutton, Cat. N.Z. Birds, p. 12: Finsck, J. f. O. 1870, 

p. 321. F y 
Turdus oclirotarsus, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 82 (ex icon. ined. 148; 
Dusky Bay, March 28, 1773). 
Muscicapa albifrons, Fllman, Zool. 1861, p. 7465. 
Myioscopus albifrons, Finsch, J.f.O. 1872, p. 160, et 1874, p. 187. 

Adidt. General colour above sooty grey, the head browner, the 
feathers with greyish bases, on which portion of the plume the shaft 
is whitish ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and quills 
browner, the primaries lighter brown on their edges ; tail dusky 
brown; on the forehead a small spot of white ; lores dull greyish 
with white shaft-lines ; sides of face, throat, fore neck, and sides of 
body dull greyish brown, with white shaft-lines to the feathers; 
-chest, centre of breast, and abdomen creamy white ; thighs brown ; 
axillaries dull greyish, as also the under wing-coverts, which have 
whitish edges; quills brown below, edged on the inner web with 
lighter brown, the secondaries white at base ; " bill brownish black; 
palate and soft parts of the mouth yellow; tarsi, toes, and claws 
dark brown, the soles yellow; iris black" (Butter). Total length 
7*5 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 3*95, tail 2*95, tarsus 1*5. 

Female. Somewhat smaller than the male, and having the plumage 
of the upper parts tinged with brown ; there is less yellow on the 
breast, and the grey of the underparts is lighter. 

Eab. South Island, New Zealand. 
a. Ad. sk. Queen Charlotte Sound. Capt. Stokes [P.]b. 
Ad. sk. New Zealand. Purchased. 
a. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Antarctic Expedition [C.]. 

2. Miro australis. 
Turdus australis, Sparrm. Mus. Garhs. ii. pi. 09 • Sundev. Crit. om 
Sparrm. p. 11. 
Muscicapa longipes., Gar not, Voy. Coquille, Zool. i. p. 594, pi. 19. 

fig. 1. 
Myiothera novae zealandias, Less. Man. d1 Orn. i. p. 248. 
Miro longipes, Lesson, Traite, p. 389 ; B idler, B. A7". Zeal. p. 119 ; 

Sharpe, Voy. Freb. $ Terr. Birds, App. p. 25. 
Petroica australis, Gray, Voy. Ereb. $ Terr. Birds, p. 7; id. Gen. B. 

i. p, 183; JPelz. Reis. Novara, Voy. p. 65. 
Miro australis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 299. 
Myioscopus longipes, Reichenb. Syst. Av. pi. 67. fig. 2 • Finsch, J.f 
O. 1872, p. 112, et 1874, p. 186. 
Petroica longipes, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 223: id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, 
no. 3309. 
ii 2 

236 MirsCTCAPTT)^. 

Adult male. Above dull ashy grey, the feathers with distinct 
whitish shafts, the feathers of the head with darker margins ; least 
wing-coverts like the hack, the median and groator series browner, 
as also the quills, which have ashy margins and are barred across 
the base of the inner web with white, represented on the outer web 
of the secondaries by an ashy-white spot; tail-feathers dusky brown, 
marginod with ashy, lighter on the outer ones ; at the base of the 
forehead a small spot of white; lores 'and feathers below the eye 
hoary whitish; sides of face, ear-coverts, and sides of neck dusky 
grey, with conspicuous white shaft-linos; throat, breast, and sides 
of body hoary grey, darker on the breast, with white shaft-lines ; 
abdomen, vent, and undor tail-coverts white ; thighs dusky grey, 
with white edgings to tho feathers; under wing-coverts white, with 
an obscure dusky spot near the edge of the wing ; quills dark brown 
below, white at base of secondaries, with an obscure bar of dull 
white obliquely across the base of the primaries; " bill blackish 
brown ; tarsi and toes pale brown, the soles dull yellow; iris black " 
(Butter). Total length 5*9 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*6, tail 2*6, 
tarsus 1*4. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but rather paler and lighter 
grey, and with more white on the breast. Total length 5*9 inches, 
wing 3*45, tail 2*45, tarsus 1/35. 

Hab. North Island, New Zealand. 

a. $ ad.sk. New Zealand. Antarctic Expedition [C.]. 
b, c. 6 $ ad. sk. New Zealand (F. Strange). Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. New Zealand. New-Zealand Co. [P.]. 
3. Miro tr aver si. 
Miro traversi, Buller, B. N. Zeal p. 123; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 116. 
Petroeca traversi, Hutton, Ibis, 1872, p. 245; Travers, Tr. N. Zeal. 
Inst. v. p. 216. 
Myiomoira traversi, Finsch, J. f. 0.1874, p. 189 j Sharpe, Voy. Ereb. 
8f Terror, Birds, App. p. 27. 

Adult. Entirely black above and below, the wings rather browner. 
Total length 6-1 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*25, tail 2*65, tarsus 
1-25. 

Hab. Chatham Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Chatham Islands. W. Travers, Esq. [C.]. 
22, LANIOTITKDFS.

 237 

22. LANIOTURDUS. 
Lanioturdus, 
Waterhouse, App. Alexander's Exp. Int. Type. 
Afr. p. 264 (1833) L. torquatua. 
Hypsipus, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 24 (1872) L. torquatus. 

iU 

Bill of Lanioturdus torquatus. 

Range. Confined to South-western Africa. 

1. Lanioturdus torquatus. 
Lanioturdus torquatus, Waterhouse, App. Alex. Kip. Int. Afr. p. 264; 
Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. ii. p. 42; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43 j id. Ibis, 
1873, p. 170; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 197. 

Platysteira albicauda, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 144. 

Moquiims tandonus, Bp. C. It. xlii. p. 820. 

Moquinns albicaudns, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 52, pi. 5. 

Platystira torquata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4949; Gumeym 

Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 132. 

Hypsipus torquatus, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 24. 

Adult male. Head black, including tlie lores and ear-coverts, the 
latter produced backwards along the sides of the neck; forehead 
and superciliary streak (not extending beyond the eye), cheeks, 
throat, sides of neck, and a large nuchal patch white; back dark 
grey, the rump mottled with white: upper tail-coverts black; tail 
pure white, the two central feathers longitudinally marked with 
black ; upper wing-coverts black, the primary-coverts white at tip, 
as- also the inner greater coverts, which form a conspicuous patch 
on the wing ; quills black tipped with white, the secondaries more 
broadly, tho primaries white at base of inner web, and the outer 
ones also white at base externally ; across the breast a conspicuous 
band of black; contre of the body white, the sides of the breast and 
flanks grey; tibial plumes white varied with black; a tuft of 
axillary plumes under the wing white ; under wing-coverts black, 
the lower ones tipped with white; edge of wing white; "bill 
almost black; feet very dark brown, with a whitish or lead-coloured 
tint about tho joints; iris greenish yellow" (Andersson). Total 
length 5-5 inches, culmon 0-7, wing 3*3, tail 1*6, tarsus 1-2. 

Hah. South-western Africa. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Damara Land (C. J. Andersson). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

c. Ad. sk. Otiinibinque (C. J. A.). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
d. <3 ad. sk. Biballa (Anehicta). E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
238 MUSCIOAPID-Ii. 

23. METABOLUS. Type 
Metabolus, Ep. C. R xxxviii. p. (350 (1854) M. rugensis. 
Head and foot of Metabolus rugensis. 

Mange. Confined to the Caroline group of islands* 

1. Metabolus rugensis. 
Drymophile de Bonk, Ilombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 13. 
Muscicapa rugensis, JELombr. et Jacq. Ann. Set. Nat. (2) xvi. p. 312. 
Monarcha rugensis, Hartl. Arch. f. Naturq. 1852, p. 133; id. P. Z. S. 

1867, p. 829 ; Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4809. 
Colluricincla rugensis, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pole Sitd, Zool. iii. p. 62, 
Metabolus rugensis, Bp. C. P. xxxviii. p. 650. 
Monarclia (Metabolus) rugensis, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. 1st. Pacific 

Ocean, p. 19. 

Adult male. General colour above and below pure white, the 
quills with brown shafts and shaded with brown towards their tips ; 
shafts of tail-feathers brown towards the bases ; forehead, lores, 
feathers in front of the eye reaching above and below the anterior 
part of the latter, entire cheeks, and throat glossy steel-black; " bill 
black, with a white patch for half the length of the upper mandible; 
feet black ; iris black; eye bordered with black in front and below " 
(Hombron et Jacquinot). Total length 7*8 inches, culm en 0*95, 
wing 4, tail 3-35, tarsus 1*05. 

Adult female. Upper parts rufous, including the upper part of 
the head, which is a little clearer; throat black; thorax and a 
collar separating the hinder part of the head from the upper part of 
the back black, both spotted with rufous; abdomen mixed with 
rufous, black, and white; some of the flank-plumes white at the tips ; 
the white colour, on the contrary, occupies nearly the whole of the 
under tail-coverts, which are tipped with black; wing by no means 
uniform in its coloration ; primaries black externally, rufous on the 
outer web; the secondaries almost entirely black, bordered all round 
with rufous, the intermediate ones being pale blackish along each 
side of the shaft, rufous everywhere else; wing below similarly 
coloured, the shade being paler only; the under wing-coverts are black 
and rufous; upper wing-coverts rufous on the outer webs, black 
internally ; tail-feathers rufous both above and below. {Hombron 
et Jacquinot.) 

A. male in immature or changing plumage, between the rufous 
24 . HETEKOMYIAS. 23 9 
and the white dress, is also described and figured by MM. Hombron 
and Jacquinot. 
Hab. Ruk or Truk Islands, Caroline group. 
a, b. <$ ad. sk. [Caroline Islands.] Purchased. 

24. HETEKOMYIAS. 
Poecilodryas, Ramsay, pt. 
Head and foot of Heleromi/ias cinereifrons. 
Range. North-eastern Australia. 


1. Heteromyias cinereifrons. 
Pcecilodryas ? cinereifrons, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 588: id. Proc. 
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above rusty brown, the 
head and nape dark ashy grey, shaded slightly with brown except 
on the forehead, which accordingly looks lighter grey; over the eye 
a broad streak of light Prenck grey extending to the sides of the 
nape ; feathers in front of the eye dusky greyish black; round the 
eye a ring of white feathers, blackish where it joins the loral spot 
before and the ear-coverts behind ; fore part of cheeks and feathers 
just below the eye white; ear-coverts rusty brown, blackish just 
under the eye ; a chin-spot and feathers at base of lower mandible 
greyish black; throat and centre of breast and abdomen white; 
chest and fore neck, as well as the sides of the breast, light grey, 
the sides of the body and under tail-coverts tawny buff; thighs 
grey ; under wing-coverts white, the axillaries tipped with tawny; 
greater series dark ashy, forming a patch on the under wing-coverts; 
quills ashy brown below, white at the base of both webs; upper 
wing-coverts ashy grey, the median and greater series dark brown 
slightly shaded with rusty brown ; bastard wing externally ashy 
grey, internally dark brown; primary-coverts uniform dark brown ; 
quills dark brown, paler towards the tips, edged externally with 
rusty brown, the inner secondaries entirely of the latter colour and 
resembling the back, all the quills but the latter white at base, 
forming a bar across the wing; upper tail-coverts rufous, the tail-
feathers brown, washed on the edges with rusty brown, inclining to 
rufous near their bases, the outer feathers narrowly tipped with 
white on the inner web. Total length 6*3 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 
3-85, tail 2-7, tarsus 1*2. (Mus. Austr. Sydney.) 

Hab. Dalrymple's Gap, near Cardwell, Queensland, Feb. 1874. 
(Ramsay.) 

240 
MUSCICAPIDJiJ. 

25. MONACHELLA. Typ e 
Monacliella, 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 82 
(1874) M. niuelleriana. 

Bill and foot of Monaohella muelleriana. 

Mange. Confined to New Guinea. 

1. Monachella muelleriana. 
Muscicapa muelleriana, ScJd. N. T. D. iv. p. 40 {nee Muscicapa muelleri, 
Blvth). 
Monacliella saxicolina, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 83; 
Beccari, op. cit. vii. p. 709; Salvad. op. cit. x. p. 133. 
Monacliella muelleriana, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic, vi. p. 308, note. 

Adult male. General colour above light French groy, paler on the 
lower back, the rump and upper tail-coverts white; wings and tail 
dark brown ; crown of head and nape dark brown, as also the 
feathers above the eye and the upper edge of the eyelid, the brown 
narrowing on the forehead to the base of the bill; lores and feathers 
over the front of the eye pure white; between the eye and the base 
of the bill a triangular patch of blackish feathers j sides of face and 

ear-coverts, as well as entire under surface of body, creamy white ; 
under wing-coverts dark brown; axillaries white, slightly shaded 
with brown; "bill and feet black" (D'Albertis). Total length 5*5 
inches, culmon 0*6, wing 3*8, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 5*3 inches, 
culm en 0*6, wing 3*55, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-65. 
Hah. N.W. New Guinea. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Warfandu, Arfak Mountains, M. Laglaize ["CI. 
April 2,1876. J 
b. 9 ad. sk. Karons, New Guinea, April M. Lagiaize rC.l. 
1877. 
L J 

26. PCECIL0DRYAS. 
Type. 

Pcecilodryas, Gould, llandb. B. Austr. i. p. 287 (1805) P. cerviniventris. 
Leucophantes, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 091 P. brachyurus. 
Megalestes, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. 

p. 769 (1875) p . albonotatus. 
Mange. Australia; New Guinea and adjacent islands. 
26. PCECTLODRYAS.
Wing and foot of Pcecilodryas hypoleuca. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

a. Abdomen white or greyish white, not yellow. 
a'. Throat white. 
a". Flanks and under tail-coverts tawny "buff cerviniventris, p. 242. 
b". Flanks and under tail-coverts white or 

brownish white, 

a'". Secondaries tipped with white; primaries 
edged with white; outer tail-
feathers with a large spot of white at 
the tip superciliosa, p. 242. 

V". Secondaries and primaries uniform: 
tail not tipped with white, but sometimes 
with a narrow edging to some 
of the outer feathers. 


a1. Tail white at base; back grey; chin 
without a black spot cinerea, p. 243. 
bi, Tail not white at base. 

a6. Back grey, the head blackish; a 
broad white eyebrow from the 
base of the bill to above the ear-
coverts ; under surface white, with 
the sides of the breast grey; chin-
spot black brachyura, p. 243. 

b5. Back blackish as well as the head; 
a streak from the base of the bill 
only above the eye; under surface 
white, the sides of the breast 
black hypoleuca, p. 244. 

V. 
Throat black. 
c". Above velvety black, with a white band 
across the rump bimaculatat p. 244. 
d". 
Above bluish grey, with no bar on the 
. rump albinotata, p. 245. 

b. 
Abdomen yellow like the breast. 
e'. Lores forming a large white spot. 
e". Head dark grey, forehead blackish; ear-
coverts blackish grey; no light ring 
round the eye; cheeks white; chin 
white leucops, p. 246. 

/". Head ashy grey, washed slightly with 
olive; no black forehead; ear-coverts 
pale grey, as also the cheeks; throat 
greyish white. 


c'". Lores and feathers round the eye white captio, p. 245. 

242 MCTSCI0APIDJ5. 

d'". Lores and feathers round the eye rufeseent 
nana, p. 240. 

d'. Lores yellow, as also the cheeks, throat, and 
entire under surface; head olive-yellow, 
like the back papuana, p. 247. 

1. Poecilodryas cerviniventris. 
Petroica ? cerviniventris, Gould, P. Z, 8. 18-57, p. 221; id. B. Austr. 
Siippl. pi. 15. 

Poecilodryas cerviniventris, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 288; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 188 ; 8harpe, Notes Ley den 
Mas. i. no. 7, p. 25. 

Petroica cerviniventris, Gray, Sand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 3303. 
Adult (type of species). General colour above smoky brown, 
darker and more chocolate-brown, on the head; "wings blackish 
brown, excepting the inner secondaries, which are lighter brown, 
more like the back; greater wing-coverts tipped with white; all 
the quills with a white bar near the base; the primaries with a 
narrow white mark about halfway from the end of the quills, the 
secondaries rather broadly tipped with white; tail brown, tipped 
with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost; sides of 
face blackish brown, including the feathers in front of the eye, those 
at base of lower mandible streaked with white; a broad streak of 
white skirting the sides of the crown from the nostrils to above the 
ear-coverts; throat white; fore neck and breast grey; abdomen 
whitish: thighs dusky black; sides of body and under tail-coverts 
light fawn-colour; under wing-coverts white, with a large patch of 
blackish brown near the edge of the wing; quills brown below, 
conspicuously barred with white near their bases; "iris brown" 
{Elsey). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*3, tail 2-65, 
tarsus 0*85. 
Hab. North-western Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. K. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. 8 ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
c. 8 ad. sk. Depot, Victoria River. J. R, Elsey, Esq. [P.J. 
2. Pcecilodxyas superciliosa. 
Petroica superciliosa, Gould, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 106; id. B. Austr. foi. 

iii. pi. 9; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299; Reichenb. Vog. Neuhott. pp. 95, 
289; Finsch, Near-Guinea, p. 167; Gray, &and4. B. i. p. 229, 
no. 3304. 
Poecilodryas supercihosa, Gould, JEandb. B. Austr. i. p. 289; Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 183; 8harpe, Notes Ley dm Mus. i. 
no. 7, p. 25. 

Adult. General colour above brown, much darker on the head ; 
the scapulars and lesser wing-coverts like the back, the median 
series dark brown, tipped with the same colour as the back; greater 
and primary-coverts blackish brown, the innermost greater coverts 
tipped with white; quills blackish brown, paler towards the tips, 

26. PCECILODEYAS.
and margined with white towards their ends, the inner secondaries 
tipped with white, all the quills with a distinct white base to both 
webs, forming a conspicuous bar across the wing; tail brown, 
tipped with white, the tips becoming gradually broader towards the 
outer feathers; a broad white eyebrow drawn from the base of the 
nostrils along each side of the crown; in front of the eye a blackish 
spot; ear-coverts dark brown, with indistinct whitish shaft-lines; 
feathers below the fore part of the eye white; cheeks and throat 
white, extending backwards onto the sides of the neck; remainder 
of under surface of body white, with an ashy shade on the chest 
and breast, the flanks somewhat washed with brown; under wing-
coverts white, the greater series brown, forming a patch near the 
outer edge of the wing; quills dark brown, white at the base and 
along the inner web; "bill and feet black; iris reddish brown" 

(Gould). Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*9, tail 2*45, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Hal. KE . Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. N.E. Australia. Julius Brenchley, Esq. [P.]. 
3. Pcecilodryas cinerea. 
Pcecilodryas cinerea, Sharpe, JSotes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25. 
Adult female (type of species). General colour above bluish grey, 
a little duller on the head; wings browner than the back, the least 
wing-coverts only grey like the latter, the secondaries with a small 
brown spot at the tip; upper tail-coverts black; the two centre tail-
feathers black, the rest white for the basal half, black for the 
remainder; a line across the base of the forehead, lores, and feathers 
round the eye dusky blackish, the ear-coverts also washed with 
dusky ; cheeks and under surface of body white, washed with grey 
on the sides of the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts blackish, 
with a white spot near the outer edge of the wing; quills dusky 
blackish below, with a considerable amount of white near the base 
of. some of the quills. Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 
3*35, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*8. (Mus. Lugd.) 
Hah. u Noisaroe," Arfak Mountains, January 16th, 1876. 
(Bruijn.) 

4. Pcecilodryas brachyura. 
Leucophantes brachyuras, 
Sckter, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 691, pi. 53; 
Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 910, x. p. 133. 
Amaurodryas albotseniata, Meyer, 8itz. h. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 498? 

lxx. p. 128. 
Pcecilodryas brachyura, Shccrpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25. 
Adult male (Ansus, Jobi: Beccari). General colour above dark 
slate-colour, with lighter brown shaft-lines to some of the dorsal 
feathers; crown of head, sides of face, and ear-coverts black, with a 
broad white eyebrow from the base of the nostrils to the sides of 
the nape ; cheeks and entire under surface of body pure white, the 
thighs with dusky bases; under wing-coverts black, except the outer 

244 MUSCICAX>IDiE. 

greater coverts, which are white ; quills blackish below, narrowly 
buliy whito along the inner web; wings abovo^ black, the quills 
brownor, the edge of the wing white; inner primaries and outer 
secondaries whito at base of both wobs, showing a conspicuous bar 
on the wing ; upper tail-coverts slightly tipped with whitish; tail-
feathers dark brown, with narrow white terminal edgings to the 
outer feathers. Total length 5-4 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3*25, 
tail 2*1, tarsus 0*85. (Aim. Genov.) 

Hob. North-western New Guinea, and the island of Jobi, in the 
Bay of Geelvink. 
a, 2 ad.sk. Andei, N. W. New Guinea, Leyden Museum [P.]. 
March 18,1870 (Bntvjn). 

5. Pcecilodryas hypoleuca. 
Petroica hypoleuca, Gray, P. Z. S, 1859, p. 155; Finsch, Neu-Guineaf 
p. 167; Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3293. 
Pcecilodryas hypoleuca, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25. 
Adult (typo of species). General colour above blackish brown, the 
head rather blacker; wing-coverts like the back; quills black, 
browner towards their ends, with a distinct band of white at their 
base, caused by the bases of the inner primaries and outer secondaries 
being white; forehead, sides of crown, sides of face, hinder 
cheeks, and ear-coverts black* lores, eyelid, and fore part of cheeks 
white ; under surfaco of body white, with a few black markings on 
the centre of the breast, the sides of the latter black, encroaching on 
the centre and forming a half-collar*. under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white, with a patch of black on the groator series near the 
edge of the wing• quills blackish below, conspicuously wThite near 
the base of the inner webs. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*55, 
wing 3-25, tail 2-45, tarsus 0*75. 

Hob. New Guinea ; Mysol; Waigiou. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. H. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Types of species.) 
c. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
d. Ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea. M. Laglaize [0.1 

e. <$ ad.sk. Amberbaki, New Guinea, M. Laglaize [0 A 
May 1877, 
/. S ad. sk. Mysol. A. R Wallace, Esq. [C.1 
y, $ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 

6. Pcecilodryas bimaculata. 
Myiolestes ? bimaculata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 84. 
Pcecilodryas bimaculata, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25. 

Adult male (Profi, Mount Arfak: Beeeari). Above velvety black ; 
upper tail-coverts white, forming a band across; wings and tail 
black* sides of face, sides of neck, throat, and breast black, as well 
as the flanks and thighs* abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts 
white; on each side of the chest a broad line of pure white feathers 
running from thefcides of the lower throat to the sides of the upper 

20 . PCECILODllYAS. 24 5 
breast; under wing-coverts black ; quills ashy black below. Total 
length 5*1 inches, culmen 06, wing 3*3, tail 2, tarsus 0*85. (Mus. 
Civic. Genov.) 
Hob. North-western New Guinea. 

7. Poecilodryas albinotata. (Plate VII.) 
Megalestes albonotatus, Sahacl Ami. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 770. 
Pcecilodryas albinotata, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25. 
Adult male. General colour abovo slaty grey, lighter on the sides 
of crown and forehead ; wing-coverts like the back; primary-coverts 
and quills black, the latter edged with bluish groy; tail blackish, 
washed with slate-colour, the outer feathers edged with the latter 
colour; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers above the eye, sides of 
face, throat, fore neck, and centre of breast black; on each side of the 
lower throat a largo patch of creamy-white leathers; sides of breast 
and flanks slaty grey, lighter on the latter; thighs slaty grey; centre 
of body below, as well as the under tail-coverts, white; under wing-
coverts slate-colour• quills ashy brown below, white along the edge 
of the inner webs. Total length 6*7 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 4*35, 
tail 3-1, tarsus 0*85. 
Hah. North-western New Guinea; Arfak Mountains. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Arfak Mountains, Feb. 15, 1870. M. Laglaize [O.]. 
8. Poecilodryas leucops. (Plate VIII. fig. 2.) 
Leucophantes leucops, Sakacl Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 291. 
Pcecilodryas leucops, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i, no. 7, p. 25, 
Adult male (Profl, Mount Arfak, Beccari; type of species). Gonoral 
colour above yellowish green • wing-coverts like the back, with 
tips of clearer yellow to the greater series ; primary-coverts sepia-
brown, contrasting with the rest of the wing; quills dark brown, externally 
edged with yellowish green, rather browner on the secondaries 
; tail-feathers brown, with narrow linear tips of yellowish white, 
and washed on the margins with olivaceous brown; head dark slaty 
grey,beeoming clearer grey on the nape and sides of neck; tho forehead 
and sides of the crown blackish, as are also the feathers in front of, 
below, and round the eye ; a large loral spot of white occupying the 
entire space in front of the eye; ear-coverts dark slaty grey; cheeks 
and chin white; remainder of under surface of body bright yellow, 
the sides somewhat shaded with olive-greenish, especially the sides 
of the breast; under wing-coverts and axillaries paler yellow; quills 
brown below, rusty along the edge of the inner web. Total length 
4*8 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3*2, tail 2*15, tarsus 0-8. (Mus. 
Genov.) 
ITab. Arfak Mountains, North-western New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Arfak Mountains. Purchased. 
9. Poecilodryas capito. 
Eopsaltria capito, Gould P. Z, S. 1851, p. 285 • id. B. Amtr. folio, 
246 MUSCICAJPIDJE. 

Suppl. pi. xvii.; id. Ilandb. B. Aiistr. i. p. 297 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. 

p. 389, no. 5915 ; Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 41. fig. 4; Ramsay, Proc. 
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183 (pt.). 
Poecilodryas capito, Sharpe, Notes Ley den Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25. 

Adult male. General colour above yellowish green, of an olive 
cast, the head dusky ash-grey, slightly washed with olive; sides of 
face and ear-coverts ashy grey, including the cheeks; lores and 
feathers in front of the eye white, forming a conspicuous spot, which 
extends below the fore part of the eye; fore part of checks also 
white, the remainder and the ear-coverts with white shaft-lines; 
chin and upper throat greyish white ; lower throat and remainder 
of under surface bright yellow, the- flanks olive-green, as also the 
sides of the breast; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, edged 
with yellow; least wing-coverts above green like the back, the 
median and greater series, as well as the quills, dusky brown, edged 
with the same green as the back, the quills white at the base of tbe 
inner web; tail-feathers dusky brown, externally edged with olive-
green, and margined with white at the tip and for a great part of 
the inner web ; " bill black ; feet brownish flesh-colour ; iris hazel " 
(Gould). Total length 5*1 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3, tail 2*1, 
tarsus 0*8. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but smaller in size. (Goidcl.) 
Hob. Richmond and Clarence-River districts, New South Wales. 


10. Poecilodryas nana. 
Eopsaltria capito, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183 (pt.). 
Eopsaltria nana, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 373. 
Poecilodryas nana, Sharpe, Notes Ley den Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25. 
Adult male. Head and neck dark brown; ear-coverts and hind 
neck of the same colour, but of a lighter and more ashy tint; lores 
and a ring nearly surrounding the eye white, the tips of the feathers 
distinctly tinged with light rufous or rusty red; bristles long, strong, 
and black; throat and upper part of the chest white ; back, rump, 
and upper tail- and wing-coverts greenish olive ; wings and tail 
brown, margined on the outer webs with olive; breast, abdomen, 
and remainder of the under surface and the under tail-coverts yellow, 
deepest on the abdomen, and tinged with olive on the sides; on 
the underside of the wing is a white patch at the base of the primaries, 
and below it a large patch of brown joining the base of the 
wing-quills ; the innor webs of the quills towards the base are conspicuously 
margined with white, which, being a little wider on the 
secondaries, forms a triangular patch on the under surface of the 
wing ; the under wing-coverts and axillaries light yellow; on the 
upper surface of the wing the narrow olive margin on the outer webs 
of the quills is somewhat broken about the middle, giving the appearance 
of a shadowy dark mark across the wing ; the outer margin of 
the tail-feathers inclines to olive-brown above • the inner, below, 
and the tips of the feathers are more or less narrowly margined with 
whito or very light fulvous; bill black; feet and legs yellowish 
flesh-colour. Total length 4*45 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*88, tail 
2*1, tarsus 0*78. (Ramsay.) 

27. HYIIOTA. 
247 

Adult female. Like the male, but the white on the throat not extending 
onto the chest, and the bill a trifle smaller. (Id. L c.) 

Hah. Queensland. 

Obs. Mr. Ramsay speaks of having seen a good many specimens 
of this supposed new species. Mr. Godman's collection contains a 
single example, which has the loral spot white, with the eye-ring only 
tinged with rufous, which also pervades the checks and chin. This 
would seem to indicate that the rufous tingo is a sign of immaturity ; 
and the species is certainly doubtful. 

11. Pcecilodryas papuana. (Plate VIII. fig. 1.) 
Micrceca papuana, Meyer, Sitz. Gesellsch. Isis, 1875, p. 75; id. Abhandl. 

Dresden, i. p. 9. 
Leucophantes liypoxanthus, Scdvad. Ann.Mus.Civic.Genov. vii. p.920. 
Pcecilodryas papuana, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mtis. i. no. 7, p. 2o. 

Adult male (Atam : type of Leucophantes hypoxanthus). General 
colour dull olive-yellow, the shafts of the plumes lighter yellow, the 
head slightly duller than the back ; wing-coverts like the back; 
quills brown, externally edged with dull olive-yellow; tail brown, 
washed with olive-yellow on the margins of the feathers; lores and 
a ring round the eye bright yellow; in front of the eye a dusky 
spot; sides of face yellow, the ear-coverts washed with greenish; 
under surface of body bright yellow, washed with olive on the sides 
of the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts and axillaries yellow; 
quills ashy brown below, with whitish edgings to the inner webs. 
Total length 4*4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-85, tail 1*8, tarsus 

0*65. (Mus. Genov.) 
Hab. North-western New Guinea. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. 
Arfak Mountains (Bruijri). 
Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.l 
Leiden Museum [P.J. 

27. HYLIOTA. Typ0 
Hyiiota, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 260 (1837) H, flavigastra. 
Wing of Hyiiota flavigastra. 
Range. Confined to Africa. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Thighs white; rump whitish flavigastra, p. 248. 
b. Thighs black; rump like the back violacea, p. 248. 
248 MTJSCTCAPIDJE. 

3. Hyliota fiavigastra. 
Hyliota fiavigastra, Swains. Classt'f. B. ii. p. 200; id. B. W. Afr. ii. 
p. 47; id. Monoqr. Flt/c. p. 228, pi. 28; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319; 
Ilartl Orn. W.-Afr. p,'97,no. 209; Heugl Om. KO.-Afr. p. 440; 
Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Martihe,fyc. p. 19. 
Hyliota orienlalis, Heugl. J.f 0. 1863, p. 274. 
Muscicapa iiavigastra, Gray] Iland-l. B. i. p. 323,"no. 4851. 


Adult male. General colour above glossy purplish black, the 
feathers of the rump very long and lax, silky white or greyish with 
purplish-black endb ; least wing-coverts purplish black like the 
back; remainder of the wing-coverts pure white, forming a large 
shoulder-patch; outer greater coverts while at base, blackish at 
tip; primary-coverts and quills black, with a narrow edging of 
glossy purplish, the inner secondaries wrhite at the base of the outer 
web ; tail-feathers black, glo&sed on the outer web with steel-green; 
lores, feathers round the eye, and oar-coverts glo&by purplish black ; 
cheeks and under surface of body ochraceous jellow, deeper on the 
breast and paler on the vent and under tail-coverts; thighs whitish ; 
under wing-covorts and axillaries white, as also the inner lining of 
the quills underneath. Total length 4*0 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 
2-8, tail 1*9, tarsus 0*7. 


Female. Above dull grey; quills and lateral tail-feathers narrowly 
edged with white. (Ilartlaub.) 
Hal). N.E. Africa; Senegambia. 


a. $ ad. sk. Senegambia. E. B. Sharpe, E^q. 
2. Hyliota violacea. 
Hyliota violacea, J. 8? E. Verr. Bev. et Mar/, de Zool 1851, p. 308 * 
Strichl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 132 • Ilartl. Om. W.-Afr. p. 98; Cass. 
JPr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51; Ilartl. J.f. 0.1801, p. 170; Socage, 
Jorn. Lish. 1870, p. 343; id. Orn. Angola, p. 11)0; Sharpe, ed. 
Bayard, B. S. Afr. p. 336, no. 322. 

Muscicapa violacea, Gray, Iland-L B. i. p. 323. 

Adult male. All the upperparts blue-black, with a steel-blue and 
violet reflection ; a large whito band on the wing, formed by the 
lessor and greater wing-coverts and the outer webs of the innermost 
secondaries; below white, washed with buff, the breast more 
strongly tinged with this colour; under tail-coverts pure white ; 
quills of the same colour as the back, blackish below, bordered witli 
white along their inner webs ; " upper mandible dark brown, the 
lower one paler ; tarsi and toes blackish; iris chocolate " (Ancliieta). 
Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-95, tail 2*05, tarsus 0*8. 

(Socage.) 
Hab. West Africa from Gaboon to Benguela. 
Obs. On this doubtful species Prof. Barboza du Bocage's remarks 

should be studied. 

2$. 
XANTIIOI'YGU. i>40 

28. XANTHOPYGIA. 
Type. 
Zantkopygia, Blyth, J. A. S. JB. xvi. p. 123 (1847).. X. tricolor. 
Cyanoptila, Blyth, J. A. S. B. x\i. p. 124 (1847) .. X. cyanomekena. 
Charidhylas, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 051 (1854) X. narcissina. 
Rhyaeornis, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xli. pt. 2, p. 51 

(1873) X. fuliginosa. 
Nymphaaus, Hume, Nest Sf JEggs Ind. B. p, 322 
(1873) X. fuliginosa. 

Range. China and Japan, extending in winter to the Philippines, 
Borneo, and the Malayan peninsula. 

Key to the Sjoecies. 
Males, 


(i. Tail black; upper tail-coverts black; rump 
yellow; throat and breast yellow. 
a'. 
With a yellow eyebrow'; secondaries entirely 
black narcissina, p. 249. 

V. 
With a white eyebrow: one inner secondary 
white along the outer web, forming 
a line down the wing tricolor, p. 250. 
h. 
Tail black, the feathers blue externally and 
white at base ; rump and upper tail-coverts 
blue like the rest of the upper surface; 
breast and abdomen white; throat and chest 
black cyanomelcBna, p. 251. 
c. Tail chestnut; upper tail-coverts also chestnut; 
unper and under surface leaden blue; under 
tail-coverts chestnut fuliginosa, p. 253. 
Females. 

a. No white at base of tail-feathers. 
a\ General colour above olive-brown, greener 
on the rump; secondaries without any 
white bar down the wings; wing-coverts 
not tipped with white narcissina, p. 249. 


b\ 
General colour olive-brown, with a broad 
yellow band across the rump; greater 
coverts white at the tips; one of the 
inner secondaries externally white, forming 
a longitudinal bar down the wing .. tricolor, p. 250. 


b. Tail-feathers white for the basal half or for 
the greater part of the outermost feathers. 
c\ Upper tail-coverts blue ; under surface 
uniform ashy or rusty brown, the abdomen 
white; on the throat a patch of 
white or yellow cyanomelcena, p. 251. 

dr. Upper tail-coverts white; under surface 
ashy grey, mottied with whitish cross bars, fuliginosa, p. 253. 


1. Xanthopygia narcissina. 
Muscicapa narcissina, Temm. PI Col iii. pi. 577. fig. 1; Gray, Gen. 
B. i. p. 263 ; Temm. fy 8chl Faun. Japon., Aves, p. 46, pi. 17 C; 
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 323, no, 4848. 
VOL. IV. 
s 

250 3tT7SCI.CAPID.ffi. 

Zanthopygia ckrysophrys, Myth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 124. 

Zanthopygia narcissina, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 15vyJ>P' 
Consp. i. p. 327 ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 283; 
Swinh. Ibis, I860, p. 58 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 380; David 8f OustaL 
Ois. Chine, p. 119; 87iarpe, Tr. Linn. 8oc. new series, vol. i. 
327• Blakiston $ Byer, Ibis, 1878, p. 234. 

Adult male. General colour above black, as also the scapulars, 
the latter with a slight wash of yellow; from the base of the upper 
mandible over the eyes a broad streak of brilliant yellow; lores, 
sides of face, and sides of neck black; wings black, the primaries 
indistinctly shaded with obscure ashy brown, the inner median and 
greater coverts white on the inner web, the innermost entirely pure 
white, forming a large shoulder-patch ; entire lower back and rump 
bright yellow inclining to orange; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy 
black; under surface of body bright orange, paling into yellow on 
the breast, and shading off into white on the lower abdomen and 
under tail-coverts, the latter being pure white; sides of the breast 
black, the flanks greyish black washed with yellowish,- thighs 
black; under wing-coverts and asillaries white, the outermost slaty 
black, edged with white, the quills dusky brown below, white at 
the base of the inner web. Total length 5*3 inches, culmen 0*5, 
wing 3*15, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. General colour above olive-brown, inclining to 
greenish olive on the rump ; upper tail-coverts and tail rufous, the 
latter brown at the tip and on the inner webs of the feathers; 
wing-coverts brown, the greater and median series edged and tipped 
with pale rufous or dull white • primary-coverts uniform brown; 
quills brown, narrowly edged with pale rufous, rather more broadly 
on the secondaries; lores and feathers over the eye, as well as a 
ring of feathers round the latter, yellowish white ; feathers in front 
of the eye dusky; ear-coverts brown; under surface of body 
whitish, washed with yellow, somewhat brighter on the throat, 
many of the feathers mottled with edgings of dusky brown ; under 
wing-coverts brownish white, those along the edge of trie wing 
brown. Total length 4*6 inches, wing 2*95, tail 1*95, tarsus 0*65, 
Hal. China and Japan, ranging into the Philippines in winter. 

a. Ad. sk. China. J. K. Reeves, Esq. [P.], 
b. $ ad. sk. Amoy, May 1861. J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Japan. Leiden Museum. 

2. Xanthopygia tricolor. 
Muscicapa xanthopygia, A. Say, Madr. Journ. xiii. pt. 2, p. 162. 
Muscicapa (Muscicapula) tricolor, Hartl. JRev. Zool. 1845, p. 406, 
Zanthopygia leucophrys, Blyth, J. A. S. B xvi. p. 154,* id. Cat. B. 

Mus. A. 8. B. p. 155; Bp. Consp. i. p. 826: Swinh. Ibis, 1861, 

p. 410; id. I>. Z. 8. 1862, p. 317. 
Zanthopygia tricolor, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus, A. 8. B. App. p. xxi; 
Horsf. # Moore, Cat. B. Mus. B.I. Co. I p. 284• Switih. P. Z. S. 
1871, p. 380; David $ Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 118, pL 80. 

Musicapa hylocharis, Temm. <§r Schl Faun. Japon., Aves, p. 44, 

28. XANTHOPYGIA. 
2m 

Butalis hylocharis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318. 

Muscicapa tricolor, Gray, ikand-l. B. i. p. 823, no. 4847. 

Xanthopygia hylocharis, David fy Oustaht, Ois. Chine, p. 119. 

Adult male. General colour above black, the lower back and 
rump bright yellow ; upper tail-coverts and tail black; wings also 
black, excepting a white band down the inner portion, composed of 
the inner greater coverts, some of which are white on the outer 
web and some entirely white, one of the inner secondaries also 
having its outer web white; a narrow loral line, feathers round the 
eye, and sides of the face black; over the eye a broad superciliary 
streak of white, running not quite to the base of the nostrils, from 
which it is separated by the foregoing narrow black loral line; 
cheeks and under surface of body bright yellow, a little paler 
towards the vent; under tail-coverts white; thighs white, with 
dull black bases ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white; 
quills blackish below, white along the inner webs; ie bill black ; 
feet bluish ; iris black " (David). Total length 4'9 inches, culmen 
0-5, wing 2*9, tail 2*15, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above olive-brown, inclining 
to greenish on the lower back; rump lemon-yellow; upper 
tail-coverts and tail black; wings as in the male, but browner; 
sides of face olive-brown, the ear-coverts washed with yellow ; 
lores and feathers round the eye dull white; under surface of body 
very pale yelkw, the throat and chest with remains of obscure 
ashy margins to the feathers ; under wing- and tail-coverts white. 
Total length 5 inches, wing 2-65, tail 1*85, tarsus 0*6. (Mus. H. 
Seebohm.) 

Hab. Japan, ranging through China southwards to the Malayan 

peninsula. 
a. Ad. st.
b. S ad. sk.
c. J juv. sk. 
Japan. 
Kessang, Malacca. 
Malacca. 
Leyden Museum. 
M. A. Bouvier. 
Purchased. 

3. Xanthopygia cyanomelsena. 
Muscicapa cyanomelana, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 470 ; Temm. $ Schl. 

Faun, Jap. p. 47. 
Muscicapa bella, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. xiii. pt.2, p. 158. ^ 
Cyanoptila cyanomelanura, Myth, J. A. S, B. xvi. p. 125; id. Cat. B. 

Mus. A. & B. p. 174; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 164. 
Niltara cyanomelsena, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264 • Swinh. Ibis, I860, 

p. 380, et 1861, p. 41; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4892. 
Muscicapa melanoleuca, Temm. fy Schl. Faun. Japon., Aves, pi. 17 D. 
Muscicapa gularis, Temm. §* SchL t. c. pi. 16 ( $ ). 
Butalis gularis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318. 
Hypothymis cyanomelsena, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; Cass, in Perry's 
Exp. Japan, p. 239; Swinh. Ibis, 1862, p. 306. 
Cyanoptila cyonomelaena, Horsf.fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. F.I. Co. i. 

p. 291; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 386 ; David $ Oustaht, Ois. Chine, 
p. 116, pi 81; Blahiston Sf Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 234. 
252 MTTSCICAPTDJE. 

Adult male. General colour above blue, the greater coverts uniform 
with the back, the lesser and median coverts brighter and more 
cobalt-blue, forming a shoalder-patch; head still brighter and more 
lazuline blue, richest on the forehead ; a narrow frontal line, lores, 
eyelid, sides of face, and entire throat and chest black; rest of under 
surface of body pure white, the flanks ashy; thighs black; under 
wing-coverts dusky brown, broadly edged with blue, the edge oi 
the wing bright blue; primary-coverts and quills dusky brown, 
externally greenish blue; middle tail-feathers dark blue, the remainder 
blue on the outer web, black on the inner, with conspicuous 
white bases to the feathers ; " bill black; legs brown; iris black 
(David). Total length 5-5 inches, oilmen 0*55, wing 3*4, tail 2-4, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Ohs. A male bird from Japan, in the Leiden Museum, marked 
Cyanoptila eyanothorav, is a little different from the full-plumaged 
male, being of a greener cobalt above, and has the throat washed 
with greenish blue. The blue colour on the head is different, "being 
brighter cobalt. Specimens from Borneo do not differ from the 
Japanese bird described in any important particulars; one has a 
gloss of blue on the throat and chest, another is more greenish blue 
above, while a Tingchow male has the back greenish blue, -with 
distinct black shaft-streaks. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Ashy brown above, 
washed with pale verditer-blue on the scapulars, lower back, and 
upper tail-coverts ; least wing-coverts bright blue as in adult male, 
the rest and the quills externally verditer-blue, the outermost of the 
greater series dull brown, edged with ashy brown and narrowly tipped 
with whitish; tail as in male, but rather more greenish blue; lores 
and anterior part of cheeks rufescent buff; ear-coverts ashy brown, 
with whitish shaft-lines; throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts 
white ; fore neck, chest, and sides of body ashy brown ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries ashy brown, the edge of the wing blue; u bill 
blackish brown ; legs greyish brown; iris dark brown " (Swiiihoe). 
Wing 3*5 inches, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*6. 

Young male. Similar to old female, but having the back greenish 
blue, only the head and neck ashy brown, even the crown being 
slightly shaded with blue ; upper tail-coverts with white edgings ; 
wings and tail as in adult, the outer greater coverts tipped wiiri 
buff; below as in the female, but having the throat ochraceous, the 
breast washed with ochre, as also the sides of the body. 
Hah. Prom Japan, throughout China, extending "to Borneo in 

winter. 
a. <$ ad. sk.
b. tf ad. sk.
c. rf ad.; d, e. Juv.
/. $ ad. sk. ^
g, <$ ad.; h} i. Juv. sk. 
Nagasaki, Japan. 
Tingchow, Formosa. 
N.W. Borneo. 
Lumbidan. 
Labuan. 
Mr. II. "vvliitely. 
E. Swinhoe, Esq. [0.*, 
Hugh Low, Esq_. [0. 
Governor Ussher [0 / 
Governor Ussher f C 

28 . XINTHOI'YGIV. ao3 
4. Xantkopygia fuliginosa. 
Phoenicura fuliginosa, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 35 ; 2?fyM, /. .4. & i?. 

xi. p. 190. 
Phoenicura plumbea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 185. 
Kuticilla simplex, Lesson, Bev. Zool. 1840, p. 265. 
Phoenicura rubicauda, Hodgson in Gray's ZooL Misc. p. 82. 
Phoenicura lineoventris, id. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 74 a (no. 418). 
Kuticilla fuliginosa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 180 • ed. Ca£. Mamm. tyc. 
Nepal Coll.JIodgs. p. 68 j -%#?, J". A. 8. B. xvi. p. 134: id. Cat 

B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 296; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 29 ,• Horsf. & 
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 308; Jerdon, B. Ltd. ii. p. 142 • 
Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 221, no. 3166; Swinh. P. Z. S.1871, p. 358 • 
Hume § Henders. Lahore to Tarkand, p. 212, pi. 15; Prjevalski 
in Bowleg's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 177. 
Kuticilla plunibea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 134. 

Khyacornis fuliginosa, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xli. pt. 1, p. 51; Blyth 
$ Walden, B. Burm. p. 101; Brooks, 8tr. F. 1875, p. 240: Inglis 
8t)\ F. 1877, p; 37 ; David §• Omtalet, Ois. Chine, p. 171. 

Nymphaeus fuliginosus, Hume, Neststy Eggs Ind. B, p. 322. 

Adult male. General colour above leaden blue, the rump-feathers 
white, tipped with chestnut like the adjoining upper tail-coverts; 
tail chestnut with a slight shade of dull brown at the tip ; wing-
coverts like the back; quills dusky blackish, edged, with light slaty 
grey ; a narrow line at the base of the forehead and the feathers in 
front of the eye blackish; sides of face, sides of neck, and under 
surface of body leaden blue, including the thighs; under tail-coverts 
rich chestnut; under wing-coverts like the breast; quills dusky 
brown below, with a lighter edging to the inner webs; " bill black ; 
legs vinaceous brown; iris dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length 
4*5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3*05, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
dull ashy, the wing-eoverts like the back, and tipped with a small 
spot of ashy white; primary-coverts dark brown; quills dark brown 
with lighter brown edges; upper tail-coverts white; two centre 
tail-feathers rufous-brown, the rest white, brown at the tips, the 
white increasing obliquely towards the outer tail-feather, which is 
entirely white, excepting a narrow edging along the outer web 
and a small brown tip to the inner one; lores buffy white mottled 
with dusky bases to the feathers; eye-ring dull rufous; ear-coverts 
dull ashy brown with broad white shaft-streaks; under surface of 
body greyish ash-colour mottled with central streaks of white, the 
centre of the breast and abdomen white, varied with ashy brown 
margins and mesial spots of the same colour; under tail-coverts 
white ; thighs ashy brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy 
brown, the former slightly mottled with subterminal spots of white; 
quills dark brown below, lighter brown along the edge of the inner 
web. Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-6, tail 1*9, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Hah. Himalaya Mountains, ranging eastwards throughout the 
mountains of China, to Pekin and Mongolia. 

254 
MUscicAriDJE. 

a. 6 ad. sk. India. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Juv.; 0. J imm. sk. Caslmiere. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [I.]. 
<*, e. <J ad. sk. Cashmere. E M. Langworthy, Esq. 
f j 
ad sk Ladakh. Purchased. 

•a £ 6 ad. sk. Kangim, N.W. Capt Stackhouse Pin*" 
Provinces. will [P.]t, 
S ad. • k I. 9 ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin-
will [P.]. 

m. tf ad.; n,o. 2 ad. sk. Nepal. B.H.Hodgson,Esq.[P.]. 
p, q. <S ad.; r,s. 2 ad. sk. Nepal. B.H.Hodgson,Esq. [P.J. 
29. 
TAESIGKEB. ^ 
Nemura, Hodqs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 27 (wee Zafr. 179G).. T. ruiilatus. 
Tarsker, Hodgs. P. Z S. 1845, p. 28 T. chrysoeus. 
Ianthm, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 132 (1847) T. ruhlatus. 
Poffonociclila, Cab. Arch. f. Naturg. 1847, p. 314 ... . T. stellatus. 
Nitidula, Jerk # Blyth, P. Z S. 1861, p. 201 T. hodgsom. 


Bill and leg of Tarsiger i 

Mange. The whole of Northern Asia from the Ural Mountains to 
Japan, extending throughout China and the Himalayas, recurring 
again in South Africa. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

a. Tail uniform blue or grey, or black with blue 
margins. 
d. 
Throat white, either yellowish or greyish 
white like the rest of the under surface,' the 
* 
sides of the body bright orange in strong 
contrast; tail blue. 
a". Lores and eyebrow white, surmounted by 
a narrow line of cobalt-blue, separating 
it from the crown; under surface creamy 
white cyamirus, p. 255. 

b". Lores and eyebrow brilliant cobalt; below 
greyish white rtcfilatus, p. 256. 
b'. Throat rufous or orange-yellow below, like 
the breast and abdomen, not whitish. 
c". With no white eyebrow j a blue streak on 
the sides of the crown. 
a'". Size much larger; length 4*8 inches: 
under surface chestnut hyperythrus, p. 257. 
b'". Size smaller; length 3*6 inches: under 
surface orange-yellow hodgsvni, p. 258. 

d'r. With a very long and broad white eyebrow; 
colour above slaty grey; below 
rufous or orange indieus, p. 259. 

29 . TAKSIGEK. 255 
b. Tail particoloured, yellow, with a broad terminal 
band of black on all but the two centre 
feathers, which are entirely black. 
c\ Bill blackish above, lower mandible yellow; 
head olive-brown like the mantle; ear-
coverts and feathers round the eye black j 
throat yellow like rest of under surface .. chrysceus, p. 260. 


d. Bill entirely black; head dark blue-grey all 
round, with a white spot above the fore 
part of the eye and at base of throat ... . stellatus, p. 261. 
1. Tarsiger cyanurus. 
Motacilla cyanurus, Pall. Reisen Russisch. Reichs, ii. App. p. 709. 
Motaciila cyanura, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 490, tab. 30. 
CEnanthe cyanura, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 436. 
Lusciola cyanura, Temm. fy Schl. Faun. Japon., Aves, p. 54, pi. 21. 
Nemura cyanura, Bp. Consp. i. p. 300; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 222, 
no. 3185; Prjev. in Rowkifs Orn. Misc. ii. p. 179; Dresser, B. 
Eur. parts ixvii., lxviii. ($ ad. descr. et fig., <$ juv. descr.). 
Sylvia (Nemura) cyanura, Middend. Reis. Sibir. ii. p. 177, Taf. 15. 
fig. 5 (young); Radde, Sibir. Reis. ii. p. 258. 
Ianthia rufilata, Sivinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 329 (nee Hodgs.). 
Lusciola (Nemura) cyanea, Schrenck, Reis. Amurl. ii. p. 361. 
Ianthia cyanura, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 359; David fy Oustal. Ois. 
Chine, p. 231, pi. 28 ; Blahist. $ Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 239. 

Adult male in full plumage (Tientsin, R. Sivinhoe). General colour 
above greyish blue, inclining to richer cobalt-blue on the rump and 
upper tail-coverts; a distinct shoulder-patch of cobalt-blue formed 
by the lesser wing-coverts; median and greater coverts dusky brown, 
edged with blue, the inner secondaries also margined with dull blue, 
the outer secondaries and the primaries with rusty brown; tail blue, 
the inner webs of the feathers dusky greyish brown; a broad white 
eyebrow running from the base of the forehead, and separated from 
the crown by a narrow fringe of cobalt-blue; feathers in front of the 
eye blackish; ear-coverts and sides of face greyish blue, a little more 
pronounced on the cheeks and sides of throat; entire under surface 
of body creamy white, the thighs lavender-grey, the sides of the body 
bright orange; under wing-coverts and axillaries yellowish white 
with dusky bases; quills light brown below, f ulvescent along the edge 
of the inner web ; " bill black; feet reddish brown ; iris brown " 
(David). Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3-15, tail 2-5, 
tarsus 0*9. (Mus. H. Seebohm.) 

Adult female (Tingchow, Dec. 1867: B. SwinJwe). General colour 
above clear olive-brown, the rump inclining to bluish grey, the upper 
tail-coverts dull blue, with faint edgings of olive-brown; tail dull 
blue, ashy brown on the inner webs of the feathers; least wing-
coverts like the back; median and greater coverts, as well as the 
primary-coverts, dusky brown, edged with yellowish brown; quills 
dusky brown, with edgings of rufescent brown ; lores yellowish 
buff; round the eye a ring of buffy white feathers ; sides of face, 
cheeks, and ear-coverts olive-brown, with mesial shaft-lines of deep 
fulvous; throat yellowish buff, separated from the whitish abdomen 

 MUSCIGAPIDJE. 

by an olive-brown pectoral band, the centre feathers being yellowish 
buff, with olive-brown margins; sides of body orange, shading off 
into yellowish buff on the lower flanks and sides of vent; under 
tail-coverts fulvous-white ; thighs lavender-brown; under wing-
coverts and axillaries yellowish buff, with dusky bases; quills 
brown below, fulvous along the edge of the inner web. Total length 
4-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*95, tail 2*2y tarsus 0*9. (Mas. H. 
Seebohm.) 

Ohs. As in the case of the allied Indian species, T. rujilatus, it is 
evident that the male of T. cyanurus takes some time to gain the 
adult dress : and that it breeds in the female plumage is shown b\ 
Mr. Seebohm's specimens obtained on the Yen-e-say Eiver at the end 
of May; both are dissected males. Pallas was partly aware of the 
fact, for he says that the males and females are alike in plumage; 
but states that he also, on two occasions, procured brighter blue 
birds, which he found very rare, and considered to be a variety. 
Mr. Seebohm's males, kiEed in May and June 1877, are in a dress 
resembling that of the female, but rather more ashy brown above 
and purer white below, the sides of the breast greyish brown ; the 
flanks are brighter orange, and the white loral streaks are very distinctly 
indicated; the quills are edged with olive-browii instead of 
rufous-olive. 

Hob. From the Ural Mountains across Siberia to China and 
Japan. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Japan. Purchased. 
b, c. <$ J ad. sk. East Siberia. Dr. Brandt. 
d. 
(fimm.sk. Kultuk,S.E.ofLakeBaikaI, Warsaw Museum *~E.~. 
Jan. 18, 1870 {Dr. Dybowski). 
e. 
<f ]uv. sk, Nisaraskia Jurti, Ob Eiver, Dr. Otto Finsch [C.]. 
Sept. 18,1876. 
2. Tarsiger rafilatus. 
Nemura rufilata, Hodgs. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 88 (Hodgs. no. 484) j 
id. in Gray's Zool.Mise. p. 83 ; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 27 ; Gray, Cat. 
Mamm. fyc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 69 ; id. Gen. B. i. p. 180; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 300; Horsf. fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JEJ.I. Co. i. p. 2H9; 
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 222, no. 3186; Hume. Nests and Bags Ind. 

B. p. 324. 
Nemuxa cyanura, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 76. fig. 3 (Hodffs. 
no, 407); id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 27 ($, nee Pall). 
Ianthia rufilata, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 132; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. 

B. p. 170 ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 28, pi. 44; Bli/iL Ibis, 1867, 
p. 16; Brooks, Str. P. 1875, p. 240, 1876, p. 229, 1877, p. 470. 
Ianthia cyanura, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p, 146 (me Pall.) ; Godwin-Awt. 
J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 106. 
" Nemura cyanura (Pall)," Dresser, B. Bur. pts. IxviL, Ixviii. (<f ad. 
descr. et fig.) {nee Pall). 

Adult male. General colour above dark ultramarine, brighter and 
inclining to deep cobalt-blue on the rump and upper tail-coverts; 
forehead also bright cobalt, extending backwards above the eye, and 

29. TARSIGEB. 257 
forming a distinct eyebrow; least wing-coverts bright cobalt, forming 
a conspicuous shoulder-patch; remainder of wing-coverts and quills 
blackish, edged with dark ultramarine, inclining to greyish blue on 
the margins of the primaries; tail-feathers dark blue, blackish ou 
their inner webs; lores and feathers round the eye dusky blue-black; 
entire sides of the face dark blue, as well as the feathers bordering 
the throat for the whole extent of the latter; throat and centre of the 
body below greyish white, inclining to pure white on the abdomen 
and under tail-coverts, the sides of the body bright orange, contrasting 
strongly with the breast; thighs dull blue; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white, slightly washed with fulvous, the edge 
of the wing blue; quills dusky brown below, lighter ashy along the 
edge of the inner webs; " bill dusky; legs brown; iris dark brown " 
(Jerdon). Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*2, tail 2-5, 

tarsus 0-05. 

Adult ft male. General colour above olive-brown, becoming gra


dually more ashy blue on the rump, and bright cobalt on the upper 

tail-coverts; least and median wing-coverts like the back, the 

gi eater coverts and quills dark brown, margined with reddish olive, 

more distinctly of the latter colour on the primaries; tail blue, 

blackish on the inner web; lores buff; over the eye a faint indica


tion of a greyish eyebrow; round the eye a ring of buff-coloured 

feathers ; sides of face and cheeks olive-brown; throat buffy white; 

fore neck and breast light olive-brown, extending onto the flanks; 

centre of abdomen and under tail-coverts white; thighs dusky 

brown ; sides of body bright orange, as in the male; axillaries yel


lowish buff; under wing-coverts whitish, with dusky bases ; quills 

brown below, fulvescent along the inner web. Total length &2 

inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*15, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*95. 

Male birds are some time before they gain their full plumage, 

and are known to breed in the olive-brown dress, resembling that of 

the adult female. (Cf. Brooks, Stray Feathers, Z. c.) 

Hab. Himalaya Mountains. 

a. $ ad. sk. Cashmere. E. M. Langworthy, Esq. [P.], 
b. <5 ad. sk. NAY. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
c. <£ ad. sk. Nepal. B.JEL Hodgson, Esq. [P. ! 
d,,e,f. <$ ad. g, h, i. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
$ ad. sk. 

k. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
3. Tarsiger hyperythrus. 
Ianthia hyperythra; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 132 ; id. Cat. B. Mm. 
A. S. B. p. 170; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1842, p. 89, pi. 16. fig. 2; Jerd. 
B. Ind. ii p. 147 * Godtoin-Attsten, J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 106. 
Nemura hyperythra, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 8; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 300; "Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. XL Co. i. p. 299 ; Gray, 
Hand-l B. I p. 222, no. 3187. 
Adidt male. General colour above dark purplish blue, the forehead 
brighter and more cobalt-blue, extending backwards over the 

258 HUSCICAHDJB. 

fore part of the eye; a shoulder-patch of deep cobalt, formed by 

the least series of upper wing-coverts, the rest of the wing-coverts 

and quills dusky blackish, externally edged with purplish blue ; tail 

dark purplish blue, the inner webs of the feathers blackish ; lores, 

feathers round the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and sides of throat 

deep purplish black; the entire under surface of the body chestnut-

rufous ; thighs brown ; lower flanks whitish, forming a tuft on each 

side of the back ; axillaries and under wing-coverts yellowish buff; 

quills dusky brown, more ashy along the edge of the inner webs ; 

"bill dusky; legs brown" (Jerdon). Total length 4*8 inches, 

culmen 0-45, wing 3*15, tail 2*3, tarsus 1. 

Adult female. General colour above warm brown, the lower back 
and rump greyish, the upper tail-coverts and tail a little brighter 
blue; least wing-coverts like the back, the median and greater 
coverts, as well as the quills, dark brown, edged with the same 
brown as the back, rather more rufous on the margins of the quills; 
over the eye an indication of a greyish-blue streak; round the eye 
a ring of fulvous feathers; ear-coverts, sides of face, and under 
surface of body rufescent brown, lighter on the throat and deeper 
on the flanks, the middle of the abdomen and under tail-coverts 
whitish; thighs lavender-brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
yellowish buff with dusky bases; quills dull brown below, ashy 
fulvous along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5 inches, 
culmen 0-4, wing 2*95, tail 2*2, tarsus 1. 

Hah. Eastern Himalayas and Kaasia hills. 

a. $ ', b, c} d. § ad, sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
4. Tarsiger hodgsoni 
* Neruura hodgsoni, Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 7Q, pi. 62 * Horsf fy Moore, 
Cat. B. Mus. El. Co. i. p. 300; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 222} no. 3188. 
Nitidula campbelli, Jerd. fy Blyth P. Z. S. 1861, p. 201. 
Nitidula hodgsoni, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 472. 
Niltava hodgsoni, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4903. 

Adult male. General colour above deep ultramarine, brighter and 
more cobalt on the fore part of the crown and over the eye ; a broad 
frontal line, lores, feathers round the eye, sides of face, and ear-
coverts black, the latter with a shade of blue; scapulars and wing-
coverts deep blue like the back; quills brown, the primary-coverts 
and primaries narrowly edged with blue on the outer web; tail-
feathers blackish, externally washed with blue; cheeks and under 
surface of body rich orange-yellow, slightly paler on the abdomen, 
the thighs and under tail-coverts whitish ; axillaries, sides of breast, 
and under wing-coverts pure white; quills blackish below, edged 
with buify white along the inner web; " bill black; legs pale 
reddish; iris dark brown" (Jerdon). Total length 3*6 inches, 
culmen 0*4, wing 1*85, tail 1*4, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. General colour above yellowish olive-brown, rather 
deeper and more rufous on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing


29 . TAKSIGER, 259 
coverts like the back; quills dark brown, edged externally with the 
same colour as the back; tail brown, washed externally with rufous-
brown ; lores and sides of face ochraceous buff, as also a ring of 
feathers round the eye, the ear-coverts washed with olive ; cheeks 
and under surface of body pale saffron-yellow, deeper on the flanks; 
centre of abdomen, sides of body, under wing- and tail-coverts white. 
Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1*8, tail 1*35, tarsus 0-05. 

Hab. Eastern Himalayas. 

«, b. 2 ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [0.1 

c. tf ad. sk. Sikkim, Nov, 1877. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.]. 
d,e, <$ § ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [0.]. 
5. Tarsiger indicus. 
Le Rossignol de nmraille des Indes, Sonn. Voy. ltd. ii. p. 208* 
Sylvia indica, Vieill N. Diet. d'Hist, Nat. xi. p. 267 (ex Sonn.) : £ess. 
Traite,v. 416. 
Nemura flavo-olivacea, Hodgs.; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83 ; id. 

P. Z. S. 1845, p. 27. 
Tarsiger superciliaris, Hodgs. Icon. ined., Passeres, App, pi. 57, no. 924; 
Gray, Cat Mamm. 8fc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 35; Moore, JP. Z. S. 
1854, p. 76; Horsf. Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mus, E.I. Co. i. p. 311: 
Swinh. P. Z. S. 18tl, p. 359. 

Ianthiaflavo-olivacea, Myth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 133. 
Erythaea flavo-olivacea, Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. 


p. 35: Jard. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 88, pi. 16. fig. 1: Blyth. Cat. B. 
Mus.A.8.B.V.17l. 
Ianthia superciliaris, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 148. 
Nemura superciliaris, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 222, no. 3190. 


Adult male (type of T. superciliaris). General colour above dark 
slaty blue, the long feathers on the side of the rump tipped with yellowish 
buff; wing-coverts yellowish brown, the innermost of all the 
series slaty blue like the back; greater coverts and quills blackish 
brown, edged with yellowish brown, the inner secondaries with slaty 
blue ; tail dark slaty blue, blackish on the inner web ; side of crown 
white, forming a very broad white eyebrow, extending from the base 
of the bill to the sides of the nape; feathers in front of and above the 
eye as well as the sides of face black, the latter slightly washed 
with slaty grey; under surface of body orange-rufous, whiter on 
the middle of the abdomen; a faint indication of a malar line of 
white; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the breast; quills 
brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web; " beak 
brownish; feet reddish grey, the nails grey; iris brown " (Jerdon). 
Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3-1, tail 2-5, tarsus 1-1. 


The type being in bad condition, the measurements are taken 
from a Darjiling specimen. 
Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 


* Messrs. David and Oustalet state that they have examined one of Sonnerat's 
specimens still existing in the Paris Museum, and that theyfind it identical 
with another given them by Dr. Jerdon as Tarsiger superciliaris. 
MuscicirmzE. 

ochraceous brown, the lesser and median wing-coverts like the back ; 
greater coverts and quills dark brown, externally edged with reddish 
brown, with pale yellowish tips to the greater coverts; tail olive-
brown, dusky brown on the inner webs ; lores yellowish, extending 
backwards and forming a whitish eyebrow, not so distinct as in the 
male ; sides of face olive-brown, with fulvous shaft-lines; under 
surface of body deep ocliraceous brown, the chin whitish; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries rather more yellowish; quills dull brown 
below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web. Total length 
5*3 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-85, tail 2-4, tarsus 1*1. 

Rah. Eastern Himalayas, extending into the mountains of Western 
Szechucn. 

a. <$ ad.; b, c, cl $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
e. $ ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [0.]. 
6. Tarsiger chryscens. 
Tarsiger chrysoeus, JECodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres,r>l. 80, nos. 408 & 409 j 
id. in. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 28; Gray, 
Cat. Mamm. Sfc. Nepal Coll Rodgs, p. 35 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 

S. D. p. 169 ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 119, pi. 13; JBp. Consp. i. 
p. 300; Ilorsf, £ Moore, Cat B. Mus. U.I. Co. ii. p. 310 ; Jerd. B. 
Ind. ii. p. 149; Surinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 359; Ernie, Nests fy Eggs 
Did. B. p. 325; David fy Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 233, pi. 29. 
Sericomis (?) clirysea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 549. 
Nemura chrysoea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 181; id. Rand-l. B. i. p. 222, 
no. 3189. 

Adult male. General colour above orange-yellow, the scapulars 
and feathers of the lower back with olive-brown tips ; crown of 
head, hind neck, and mantle olive-brown, inclining to darker and 
more rufous-olive on the head, the feathers of the lower back with 
broad black tips ; lesser and median wing-coverts black, with mesial 
streaks of golden yellow near the tips of the feathers; greater series 
and quills black, externally edged with orange-brown, the innermost 
greater coverts entirely orange-yellow; two centre tail-feathers 
black, orange-yellow only at base, all the others orange-yellow with 
a broad black band at the tip ; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers 
round the eye, and ear-coverts black; a narrow superciliary streak 
over the eye orange-yellow; entire under surface of body orange-
yellow, some of the feathers on the sides of the breast edged with 
black; thighs olive on the outer margin; under wing-coverts yellow; 
quills brown, yellowish buff along the inner webs; "bill dusky 
above, yellowish fleshy beneath ; iris dark brown" (Jerdori). Total 
length 5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2-8, tail 2*25, tarsus 1*3. 

Adult female. General colour above olive, lighter and inclining 
to olive-yellow on the rump; least wing-coverts like the back; 
remainder of the wing-coverts and quills brown, edged with olive; 
centre tail-feathers olive-brown, the rest of the tail dull yellow with 
an olive-brown band at the tips of the feathers; lores and eyebrow 
yellowish olive; round the eye a ring of yellowish feathers; ear


29. TARSIGEB. 
2GJ 
coverts olive-brown, with whitish shaft-streaks ; cheeks and under 
surface of body deep ochraceons yellow, the bottom of the abdomen 
whitish. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2'6, tail 2, 
tarsus 1*2. 

Hab. Himalaya Mountains, ranging eastwards into Moupin in 
Western China. 

a& sk

a, k <$ 2« N.W. Hima- Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
layas. [P.]. 
c, d,e.tf', f, g, h. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. PL Plodgson, Esq. [p.]. 

7. Tarsigcr stellatus. 
Le 
Gobe-mouche gtoile*, Levaill. Ok. cVAfr. iv. p. 28, pi. 157; 
Sundev. Crit. om Levaill. p. 42. 
Mnscicapa stellata, Vieill N. Diet. d'ffist. Nat. xxi. p. 468 ; Gray, 
Gen. B. i. p. 163; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 148. 
Pogonocichla stellata, Cab. Arch.f. Nature/. 1847, p. 314; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 300 j Grill, Zool Anteckn. p. 27 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43 
no. 401; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 203 : Ayres, t c. p. 428: Sharpe. 
ed. Layard>s B. S. Afr. p. 342. 
Tarsiger cucullatus, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 16 {ex Gould, MS.). 
Nemiira stellata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 223, no. 3191. 

Adult male. Above yellowish olive, the upper tail-coverts bright 
yellow; least wing-coverts olive like the back, the rest of the 
coverts and quills blackish, externally blue-grey, inclining to silvery 
grey on the outermost greater coverts; tail yellow, with a broad 
black band at the tip, the outer feather externally blackish for the 
terminal half of the outer web, the two centre tail-feathers entirely 
black; head dull blue, including the sides of head and entire throat; 
lores and feathers round the eye more dusky• above the eye a large 
spot of silvery white, a spot of which is also apparent on the lower 
throat; rest of under surface of body orange-yellow, including the 
under wing- and tail-coverts; thighs and outermost of the under 
wing-coverts light grey with whitish margins ; " bill black; tarsi 
and feet dusky pale; iris dusky" (T. Ay res). Total length 6m2 inches, 
culmen 0*5, wing 4-55, tail 2-75, tarsus 1*1. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. 

Young birds are similar to the adult, but are duller and more 
olive-green above, the head being of the same colour as the back; 
all the grey on the wing overshaded with olive; under surface of 
body olive-yellow, greener on the throat; sides of face olive, the 
ear-coverts with yellow shaft-lines; lores dusky yellow; round the 
eye a ring of yellow feathers. 

Hob. South Africa. 

a, b. vix ad. sk. South Africa. J. Gould, Esq. 

c7 d. Ad. sk. Peri Bush, near King-

H. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.]. 
williamstown. 

e. Juv. sk. Near East London (F. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
A. Barratt). 
/", a. 3 ad. sk. Eland's Post, June 10, 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1S70 (T.C.Atmore). 

262 
MTJSCICAPIM:. 

h. $ ad. sk. Lydenburg. F. A. Barratt, Esq. 0.1 
t. Ad. sk. Lydenburg. F. A. Barratt, Esq. 0. 
k. <$ ad. sk. Macamac. F. A. Barratt, Esq. 0. 
I. Ad. sk. Macamac. J. H. Gurney, Esq. p. 
30. LIOPTILUS. 
Type. 
Lioptilus, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. i. p. 88 (1850) L. nigricapillus. 

Bill and wing of Lioptilus nigricapillus. 

Range. Confined to South Africa. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Head black; back olive-brown; sides of neck,sides 
of face, throat, and breast grey nigricapillus, p. 262. 
b. 
Head ashy olive like the back; throat white; 
breast and abdomen greenish ashy olivascens, p. 263. 
1. Lioptilus nigricapillus. 
Le Merle a calotte noire, Levaill. Ois. dAfr. iii. p. 48, pi. 108 ; Sundev. 
Crit. om Levaill p. 36. 
Turdus nigricapillus, Vieill. N. Diet. dHist. Nat. xx. p. 256: Gray. 
Gen. B. i. p. 219. 

Lioptilus nigricapillus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 88; Bp. Consp. i. p. 332; 
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 314, no. 4691; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43; 
Barratt, Ibis. 1876, p. 203; Ayres, t. c. p. 428: Sharpe. ed. Layards 

B. S. Afr. p. 343, no. 331. 
Pycnonotus nigricapillus, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 140. 
Adult male. Upper surface warm brown, the wing-coverts and 
quills ashy brown, washed with the same brown as the back externally, 
the primaries narrowly margined with whitish; tail dark 
brown, margined on both webs of the feathers with olivaceous; 
crown of head and nape black, the latter slightly shaded with grey; 
lores and feathers round the eye black; cheeks and ear-coverts 
silvery grey, the sides of the neck, throat, and breast rather darker 
grey ; the chin blackish ; centre of the breast and abdomen white • 
sides of body and thighs fulvous-brown; under tail-coverts light 
brown, edged broadly with buffy white; under wing-coverts yel


31 . OEEICOLA. 
263 
lowish buff; quills ashy brown below, the inner webs white from 
their base upwards; "bill and legs flesh-colour; iris ashy hazel" 

(T. 0. Atmore), Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0*53, wing 3'2, 
tail 3-15, tarsus 0*95. 
Hab. South Africa. 

«. 6 ad. sk. Eland's Post, S.E. Africa, R. B. Sharpe. Esq. 

June 10, 1870 (T. C. At


more), 

h. Ad. sk. Natal. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
c 
Ad. sk. Macamac, July 3, 1874 (T. J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.]. 
Ay res). 

2. Lioptilus olivascens. 
Parisoma olivascens, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 52; Hartl, 
J.f. 0. 1861, p. 161 j Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 286, no. 3415. 
iEgithalopsis olivascens, Heine, J.f.O. 1859, p. 131. 
Adult. Entire upper parts ashy olive; wings and tail olive-brown; 
quills externally edged with paler yellowish ashy, and internally 
with white ; throat and under tail-coverts white; breast and abdomen 
greenish ashy, paler on the latter; under wing-coverts white ; 
upper mandible bluish corneous, under mandible yellowish white; 
legs pale-coloured. Total length 5 | inches, wing 2J, tail 2£. 

(Cassin, I. c.) 

Plab. Gaboon. 

Obs. I have placed the present species in the genus Lioptilus 

solely from Mr. Cassin's description, as the type still remains unique 
in Philadelphia. He describes it as of the same general form as 
Parisoma melanurum ( = P. plumbeum, Hartl.), but with the bill 
stronger, and the colours of the plumage entirely different. This 
thicker bill and the pale-coloured legs most likely belong to a Lioptilus, 
as the South-African species (L. nigricapillus) differs from a 
Parisoma chiefly in these two characteristics ; indeed it is doubtful 
whether Lioptilus should be considered more than a thick-billed 
Parisoma. 

31. OEEICOLA. „, 
Type. 
Oreicola, Pp. C. P. xxxviii. p. 6 (1854) 0. nielanoleuca. 
Rhodophila, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 128 (1863) 0. jerdoni. 

Bill of Oreicola ferrea. 

Range. Prom India, ranging through the Burmese countries to 
Southern China, and extending to the island of Timor. 

264 
MUSCICAPID^:. 

Key to tlie Sjpeeies. 
Males. 


a. No white on the wing; black above, white 
below jerdoni, p. 204. 
b. With a large white patch on the wing, formed 
of the inner coverts of all three seiies. 
a'. Upper surface glossy black, as also the tail; 
a few white-tipped feathers on the sides 
of the hinder crown mela?ioleuca, p. 265. 

b'. Upper surface black with grey edgings; 
riunp grey with black centres ; outer tail-
feathers edged with white ferrea, p. 26G. 


Females. 

a. Tail-feathers dark brown; no light eyebrow.. jerdoni, p. 264. 
b. Tail-feathers rufous; upper tail-coverts rufous. 
a\ 
A whitish eyebrow; under surface of body 
white, washed with creamy buff on the 
breast , melanoleuea, p. 2G->. 

V. 
A very light fulvous eyebrow; under surface 
of body ashy fulvous-brown, the 
throat whiter , ferrea, p. 206. 
1. Oreicola jerdoni. 
Rhodophila melanoleuca, Jerd. B. Bid, ii. p. 128, iii. p. 872 (nee V.); 
Gould} B. Asia, part xviii. 
Oreicola jerdoni, Myth, Ibis, 1867, p. 14; Beavan, t. c. p. 449; Blanf. 
Ibis, 1870, p. 466; Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 101. 
Saxicola jerdoni, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 227, no. 3273. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, the rump-feathers 
slightly varied with subterminal white markings; upper tail-coverts 
glossy black; tail black; least and median wing-coverts like the 
back, the greater coverts and the quills black, with glossy black 
margins; sides of face entirely glossy black; entire under surface 
of body white; thighs black; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
black, with broad white edgings; " bill and legs black; iris dark 
brown " (Jerdon). Total length 5*4 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2'55, 
tail 2*6, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
brown, slightly mottled on the head with blackish centres, the lower 
back inclining to rufous, the upper tail-coverts rufous; tail-feathers 
brown; least wing-coverts like the back • median and greater series 
as well as the quills dark brown, edged with the same brown as the 
back; feathers in front of the eye mottled with ashy fulvous tips, 
the bases dark brown; sides of face and cheeks dark brown • entire 
under surface of body creamy white, washed with fulvous on the 
flanks; thighs brown; under wing-coverts brown; axillaries ashy 
whitish tinged with fulvous, the bases dusky grey; quills dark 
brown below, with whity-brown edges to the inner webs. Total 
length 5-2 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2-5, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*8. 

Hab. Eastern Bengal, ranging into Burmah. 

31. omcoLA. 205 
«;&.(?$ ad. sk. Upper India. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 
(Types of species.) 

2. Oreicola naelanoleuca. 
CEnantke melanoleuca, Vieill. JV. Diet cPIIist Nat xxi. p. 435. 

Saxicola melanoleuca, Bp. Consp. i. p. 304 (ex Mutter, MS. in Mm 

Lugd.); Wall. P. Z. S. 1803, p. 485; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 107 ; 

Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 227, no. 3209. 

Saxicola luctuosa, Bp. Consp, i. p. 304 (ex Midler, MS, in Mus. 

Lugd.)-, Wall P. Z. S. 1803, p. 485; Finsch, Neu-Gzunea, v. 167; 

Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 227, no. 3270. 

Sylvia nycthemera, Temm. in Mus. Lugd., wide 

Lalage nycthemera, Bp. Consp. i. p. 355; Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485; 

Marti J.f.O. 1865, p. 105; Finsoh, Neu-Guinea, p. 172; Sakad. 

Ucc. Born. p. 148. 

Oreicola melanoleuca, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 0. 

Oreicola luctuosa, Bp. C. JR. xxxviii. p. 6. 

Campephaga nycthemera, Gray, Hand~l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5127. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, the bases to the 
rump-feathers greyish ; tail black; wings also black, with a large 
white patch, formed of all the innermost series of coverts (lesser, 
median, and greater) together with the white bases to the innermost 
secondaries; sides of face and cheeks glossy black like 
the head; on each side of the hinder crown a few white-tipped 
feathers; entire under surface of body white, including the outer 
aspect of the thighs, which are black behind; axillaries and under 
wing-coverts white, those near the edge of the wing black; quills 
blackish below, the secondaries conspicuously white towards the 
base of their inner webs. Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0*55, 
wing 2-9, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. General colour above sandy brown, inclining to 
more rufous-brown towards the rump, some of the feathers with 
longitudinal centres of darker brown; upper tail-coverts rufous ; 
two centre tail-feathers brown edged with rufous, the other feathers 
light rufons on the inner webs, darker brown on -the outer, with an 
external edge of rufous; wings dark brown, all the feathers with 
rufous edgings, the innermost of the wing-coverts edged with ashy 
grey or hoary white, forming an indistinct patch; lores and a distinct 
eyebrow buffy white, as also a ring of feathers round the eye; 
ear-coverts and feathers below the eye dark brown, with narrow 
rufous shaft-lines; under surface of body huffy whitish, the breast 
washed with cream-colour, as also the sides of the body; axillaries 
and under wing-coverts white with dusky bases; quills dull brown 
below, with rufous edges al6ng the inner web. Total length 6*1 
inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*75, tail 2*5, tarsus 0-85. 

Hab\ Island of Timor. 

a. Ad. sk. Timor. Purchased. 
b, c. c? ad. sk. E. Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. TO.]. 
d, e. c? ad.; /. $ ad. sk. Semao, Timor, A. B. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
YOL. IV. T 

MUSCICAPID^E' 

26Q 

3. Oreicola ferrea*. 
Rubecola ferrea, Hodgs. in Grays Zool Misc. p. 83. 
Saxicola ferrea, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 97 (nos. 416, 417) ; 
Gray, Cat. Mamm. $c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 7i} e t p. 153 (descr. 
orig.).

Pratincola ferrea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129. id% Cat js. Mies. 

A. S. B. p. 170; Bp. Consp. i. p. 305; Horsf. £ Moore, Cat B-
Mus. B.I. Co. i. p. 28G; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 127-Gray, Hand-l. 
B. i. p. 228, no. 3286; Sivmh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 360; Hume 8r 
Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 205, pi. 12 ; Cock <§• Marsh. Str. F. 
1873, p. 355; Hume, 8. F. 1874, p. 478 ; Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. 
p. 101 j Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 3lg. ^ ^tr. F. 1875, 
p. 134; Brooks, t. c. p. 238; David # Oust. Ois. de la Chine, 
p. 168; Inglis, Str. F. 1877, p. 36. 
Adult male. General colour above black, with grey edgings to the 
feathers, the lower back and rump entirely grey; the head black, 
the grey edgings to the feathers nearly obsolete ; wings black, some 
of the coverts slightly edged with grey, the inner median coverts 
tipped with white, the inner greater coverts white, forming a large 
patch on the wing; upper tail-coverts black, edged with grey ; tail-
feathers black, distinctly edged with hoary grey, the outer feathers 
slightly tipped with the latter colour, the outermost feather externally 
hoary as well as a broad ending to the inner web; from the 
base of the nostrils a broad white line extending over the eye and 
forming a conspicuous eyebrow; feathers in front of and round the 
eye and ear-coverts black, as well as the cheeks; under surface of 
body white, the sides more or less mixed with ashy grey; chin-spot 
black ; under wing-coverts white with blackish bases ; quills dusky 
blackish below, white along the inner webs; "bill black; feet 
brown-black; iris brown " (Jerdon). Total length 5 inches, culmen 
0*5, wing 2-7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0"9. 
In winter the whole aspect of the bird is grey with black centres, 
the grey edgings becoming worn off in the summer, many of the 
plumes also washed with rusty, the quills and wing-coverts distinctly 
edged with grey; below, the white under surface is more dingy, the 
feathers of the lower throat and breast edged with greyish, the 
flanks also washed with grey; the ashy-grey edgings and tips to the 
tail-feathers much broader and more distinct. 
Adult female. General colour light brown, a little more rufescent 
on the rump; upper tail-coverts rufous; tail dark brown, the 
outer feathers externally rufous, the outermost lighter brown, 
the outer web and at the tip; fore part of the crown varied 
with dark brown centres to the feathers ; forehead hoary whitish ; 
eyebrow greyish white; feathers in front of and round the eye 
dark brown, as well as the ear-coverts, the latter with lighter 
shafts; cheeks and throat white; rest of under surface of body 
bufTy white, more fulvous on the flanks; under wing-coverts buffy 

* On the affinity of O. ferrea with O.jerdoni, see Jerdon's 'Birds of India/ 
iii. App. p. 872; and on its Museicapine nature see Hume, 'Lahore to Yarkand,' 
p. 205, where afigure of the bill is given, to show the likeness to Museicapa. 
32 . STENOSTIRA. 
267 

white; quills dark brown below*, Mvescent along the inner webs. 
Total length b-2 inches, culm en 0*55, wing 2-55, tail 2-4:5, tarsus 
0-85. 

Toung. Brown, like the old female, but the upper surface mottled 
all over with longitudinal fulvous spots and streaks on. the feathers 
very large and distinct on the upper wing-coverts ; greater coverts 
and quills edged with rufous; sides of face mottled, like the crown, 
with fulvous streaks; under surface of body fulvous, the feathers 
edged with dusky brown, producing a mottled appearance. 

Bab. India and the Burmese countries, ranging eastwards into 
China. 

a, b,c. J; d, e. J ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Oapt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
PP.]


/ . Juv. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Oapt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
[P.]


g. 6 ad. sk. Murree. Capt, 0. H. T. Marshall 
fp.]. 

h-l. $ sestiv. sk. Nepal. B.H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.' 
*n. $ 8estiv.sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. "P." 
nj o. tf ; p. ^ hiem. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. IP.' 
q-u. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. 

v. J ad. sk. Benar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. "P. 
to. $ hiem. sk. Bootan. Secretary of State for 
India [P.]. 

x. 
<$ juv. sk. BootanDooars,S.E. W. T. Blanford Esq. [P.]. 
Himalayas, Aug. 
1870. 
32. STENOSTIRA. 
Type. 
Stenostira, Cab.fy Bp. in Bp. Consp. i. p. 316 (1850) S. scita. 
Empidivora, JReichenb. Syst. Av. Nat. pi. lxviii. (1850) ... . S. scita. 

Bill of Stenostira scita. 

Range. Confined to South Africa. 

1. Stenostira scita. 
Le Goube-mouches mignard, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. pp. 14, 154. 
Muscicapa scita, Vieill N. Diet. oVHist. Nat. xxi. p. 474. 
Muscicapa tenella, Licht. Verz. Vo'g. Kaffernl. p. 12. 
Platystira longipes, Swains. Monogr. Flycatchers, p. 185, pi. 21; 


Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 143. 
Platystira scita, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 256; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, 
no. 4950. 
Stenostira scita, Cab. § Bp. Consp. i. p. 316; Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, 

p. 175. 
Adult 
male. Above greyish, a little paler on the rump ; wings 
T2 

.UDSOlt'APID-aS, 

208 

black; least wing-coverts greyish like the back, with a vertical line 
of -white extending the whole length of the wing, beginning at the 
outer median coverts; tail black, the outermost feather white, the 
penultimate one white for its apical half, and the next one with a 
little less white towards the tip; a narrow superciliary line of white 
from the base of the forehead to the hinder ear-coverts ; cheeks 
and ear-coverts black; a narrow cheek-stripe and chin white, the 
latter with a delicate blush of rose-colour; lower throat and chest 
greyish: lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white, with 
a beautiful blush of rosy colour on the former; under wing-coverts 

whitish, the outermost ones slightly shaded with grey; thighs 
black; bill and feet black; iris black. Total length 4*5 inches, 
culmen 0*5, wing 2'25, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-8. 

Hab. The same as that of the genus. 

a. 
c? ad. sk. Mooi River, Transvaal, August It. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
4:, 184$ (Wahlbery). 
b. Ad. sk. Orange River (T. C. Atmore). R, B. Sharpe, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk. Potchefstroom, Transvaal, April R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
27, 1877 (W. Lucas). 
33. 
PARISOMA. T y e 
Parisoma, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Amer., Birds, p. 400 
(1831) P. subcseruleum. 
^githalopsis, Heine, J.f. 0. 1859, p. 431 P. subcseruleum. 
Hange. Con fined to Africa. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Vent and under tail-coverts chestnut; throat 
white, with broad white streaks subomrulewm, p. 268. 
b. 
Vent and under tail-coverts pure white or fulvous, 
sometimes washed with brown, not 
chestnut. 
a'. General colour grey, lighter below, the abdomen 
whitish; throat and chest uniform 
grey, not streaked plumbeum, p. 269, 


b \ General colour more ashy grey and browner 
than the preceding; throat white like the 
abdomen; chest ashy grey, the lower throat 
and fore neck distinctly streaked with dusky 
brown .* layardi, p. 270. 


1. Parisoma subcseruleum. 
Lie Grignet, Zevaitt. Ois. d'Afr. pi. 126; Sundev. Crit» om LevailL p. 38. 
Sylvia subcaerulea, VieilL N. Diet. a^Hist. Nat xi. p. 188 (ex LevailL). 
Parisoma rufiventer, Swains. Classif. B. ii, p. 247; Layard, B. JS. Afr. 

p. 115. 
Parisoma subcseruleum, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 194; Bp. Consp. i. p. 259; 
Strickl. fy Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 149 j Gray, Hand-l. B. i. 

p. 235, no. 3411; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 41, no. 390; Ayres, Ibis, 
33 . PABISOMA. 
269 

1871, p. 134; Gumey, in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 77 ; Buckley, 
Ibis, 1874, p. 375 ; Sharpe, ed. LayarcFs B. S. Afr. p. 332, n0g 3iy. 
Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 204. 

Thamnobia subcserulea, Grill, Zool Anteehi.p. 10. 

iEgithalopsis subcserulea, Heine, J.f 0.185(5, p. 431, 

Adult male. General colour above grey; wing-coverts brown, 
with, grey edgings; primary-coverts and coverts of the thumb black 
with white margins; quills brown, externally washed with grey, 
the primaries externally edged with white; tail black, the lateral 
feathers tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost, 
where the white tip occupies the apical third of the leather 
and extends quite halfway up the outer web; lores whitish; 
feathers in front of the eye dusky; ear-covcrls grey, streaked with 
white; cheeks and entire throat and foro neck greyish white, 
broadly streaked with black; rest of under surface of body white, 
the sides of the body grey; vent and under tail-coverts tawny 
chestnut; thighs greyish white, slightly washed with rufous; under 
wing-coverts white, as also the edge of the wing, the bases to the 
feathers black; lower surface of quills ashy grey, with white margins 
to the inner webs; " bill black; feet black; iris white" 
(Buckley); iris bluish white (T. C. Atmore); iris yellowish white 
(Andersson). Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*75, tail 
2*75, tarsus 0-85. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but rather duller grey and 
less broadly streaked with black on the throat. Total length 5-6 
inches, wing 2-65, tail 2-65, tarsus 0*85. 

Hah, South Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.]' 
b)C. 
<$ 5 a<^» sk. Kingwilliamstown, May 5, Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.1« 
1877 (C. Newby). 

d. rf ad. sk. Eland's Post (T. C. At- B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
more). 
e. $ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ay?'es). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
/. Jad.sk. Damara Land. C.J.Andersson,Esq.[O.]. 
g. 
$ ad. sk. Elephant "Vley, Damara It. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Land, Sept. 1,1859 (C. 
J. Andersson). 
h. <$ ad. sk. 
Otjimbinque, June 17,1860 E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(C. J. Andersson). 
2. Parisoma plumbeum. 
Stenostira plumbea, Hartl J. f. O. 1858, p. 41, 1861, p. 169; Finsch 
8f Hartl Vog. Ostafr. p. 303, note; Hengl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 432, 
tab. 17. 

Parisoma melanurum, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51; Hartl 

J.f O. 1861, p. 161; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 236, no. 3414. 
iEgithalopsis melanura, Heine, J.f.O. 1859, p. 131. 
Muscicapa melanura (nee Cass.), Heugl. J. f. O. 1863, p. 274; Finsch 
$ Hartl Vog. Ostafr. p. 303, note ; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 330, 

no. 4831. 
Platystira plumbea, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 330, no. 4951. 
Parisoma plumbeum, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 41, no. 389. 


MXTSCICAPTD^. 

270 

Jdult. General colour blue-grey, the forehead slightly streaked 
with brown shaft-lines; least wing-coverts grey like the back, the 
greater coverts and bastard wing blackish externally, edged with 
ashy whitish; primary-coverts blackish, externally dull grey; quills 
blackish, the primaries margined with dull grey or greyish white, 
the secondaries with purer white ; tail black, the lateral feathers 
tipped with white, more broadly towards the outermost, which is 
almost entirely white, excepting the extreme base, which is obliquely 
brown, the penultimate feathers also white for nearly the whole of 
the outer web; lores whitish, extending to the fore part of the eye, 
round which is a circlet of whitish feathers; sides of face and of 
neck -uniform bluish grey, the fore part of the cheeks whiter: chin 
white ; rest of under surface of body dull bluish grey, the centre of 
the abdomen and under tail-coverts white; thighs dusky grey; 
under wing-coverts white, as also the inner web of the quills; bill 

• black in skin, the lower mandible browner. Total length 5-7 inches, 
culmen 0*45, wing 2*7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0*7. 
Obs. I have never seen an example of the species from Gaboon 

(P. melanurum, Cass.), but I cannot distinguish it by the description 
from Senegambian examples. One of the latter specimens in the 
Museum has the under tail-coverts fulvous, as is the case in Cassia's 
description. 
Hab. "Western and Forth-eastern Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
J. Ad. sk. Oasamance, Senegambia. M. Verreaux. 
c. Ad. sk. Oasamance, Senegambia. M. Verreaux. 
3. Parisoma layardi. 
Parisoma layardi, Hartlaub, Ibis, 1862, p. 3 47 * Layard, B. 8. Afr. 
p. 115, no. 214 5 Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 236, no. 3413; Gurney in 
Anderss. B. Bam. Ld. p. 78 • Sharpe, ed, Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 334, 
no. 319. 
Stenostira schistacea, Heugl. Orn. JV. O.-Afr. p. 433, note. 

Adult male. General colour above rather dark grey; the least 
wing-coverts uniform with the back; rest of the wing-coverts and 
quills blackish externally, washed with grey ; the primary-coverts 
and primaries margined With white on the outer web rather conspicuously 
; tail black, the outermost feather obliquely white for the 
terminal third and along the outer web, the next feathers slightly 
white at the tip • lores dull whitish; feathers in front of the eye 
dusky blackish; ear-coverts uniform grey, duller than the sides of 
the neck, which are also grey; chin and throat white, the latter 
distinctly streaked with black; centre of the body white, the flanks 
and sides of the body grey; under tail-coverts whitish, with dusky-
brown bases to the feathers; thighs brown; under wing-coverts 
dusky grey, the edge of the wing white ; quills ashy brown below, 
with white edgings along the inner webs. Total length 5 inches, 
culmen 0*45, wing 2'55, tail 2-3, tarsus 0*8. 

34. AETHOMYIAS.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 5 inches, wing 
2*5, tail 2*35, tarsus 0-8. 
^ Young. Similar to the adult, but duller brown ; the throat whiter, 
with less distinct blackish streaks. 
Bab. South Africa. 

»• S ad. sk. Colesberg {A. F. Ortlepp). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
6-6 ad. sk. Daviep, River Swakop, Dec. 27, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1860 (C. J. Andersson). 
°. S ad. sk. Swakop River, Oct. 26, 1880 ( C\ J. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Andersson). 

d. $ 
ad. sk. Near Elephant River, Little Nama- R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
qua Land, Aug. 8,1862 (C. J. 
Andersson). 
34. AETHOMYIAS. 
Entomophila (pt.), G. R. Gray. 
Sericornis (pt.), Salvadori. 


Range. Confined to New Guinea. 

1. Aethomyias spilodera. 
Entomophila? spilodera, 
Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 155; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 164 • Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 154; no. 2000, 
Sericornis spilodera, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 343. 

Adult male. General colour above dark olive-brown, the head 
blacker, the ear-coverts rather more greyish black; the nape also 
washed slightly with blackish brown; wing-coverts like the back, 
the greater coverts and quills margined with olive, the latter more 
plainly towards the ends of the feathers, the margins to the primaries 
lighter; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers dark rufous-
brown, more dusky on the inner webs; throat dull white, mottled 
with ovate spots of black in the centre of the feathers, the cheeks 
also marked in this manner; remainder of under surface whitish, 
with a wash of yellow on the breast and belly, especially distinct on 
the under tail-covcrts; the sides of the upper breast ashy, washed 
with olive ; thighs dusky; under wing-coverts dusky brown; quills 
brown below, lighter along the inner webs ; bill yellowish. Total 
length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*35, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*75. 

(Mus. Lugcl.) 

Another specimen, marked female, has the throat more dusky, the 
black spots being more extended, the white edgings less developed. 
Total length 3*9 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*35, tail 1*75, tarsus 0*7. 

(Mus. Lugd.) 

A young male, as I determine it to be, has the head uniform dark 
olive like the back; below, the throat shows no black spots at all, 
but is dull whitish, slightly washed with olive-yellow ; the rest of 
the under surface also is duller than in the adult and has a stronger 
tinge of olive. (Mus. Lugd.) 

272 
MTJSCICAPIBiE. 

Th e series examined in the Leiden Museum agrees with the type 
in th e British Museum. 
Ifub. N.W. New Guinea. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. R.Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Type of species.) 
35. CHLOROPETA. Type 
Chloropeta, Smith, III Zool. S. Afr. Aves, pi. 112 (1847). 0. natalensis. 
Bill and leg of Chloropeta natalensis. 

Range. South Africa, ranging into the Congo district. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

a. 
Third primary equalling the sixth in length: dull 
yellowish olive, underneath dull yellow; sides of 
neck, thighs, rump, and vent tinged with huffish 
colour; head rather dusky above, with a dull yellowish 
superciliary streak natalensis, p. 272. 
b. Third primary equalling the seventh in length: bright 
yellowish green ; underneath very bright yellow ; 
streak above the lores yellow: sides of neck uniform 
with the back icterina, p. 273. 
1. Chloropeta natalensis. 
Chloropeta natalensis, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr. Aves, pi. 112. fig. 2 j 
Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh. 1850, p. 105; Reichtn. 
Corresp. Afrik. Gesellsch. Berlin, 1875, p. 177, no. 5; Barratt, 
Ibis, 1876, p. 202 ; Ayres, t. c. p. 428; Sharpe, ed. LayaraVs B. S. 
Afr. p. 335. 

Hypolais natalensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 289. 
Sylvia natalensis, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 102, no. 188 ; Gray, Hand-l. 


B. i. p. 214, no. 3026. 
Adult male. General colour above dull olive-yellow, yellower on 
the "back, all the feathers "being brown towards the base ; the head 
browner than the back, the yellow margins not so broad; wing-
coverts and quills very dark brown, all margined with dull olive-
yellow ; tail rather lighter brown, the feathers margined with olive-
yellow, paler and inclining to whitish at the tip of the outermost; 
feathers in front of the eye bright lemon-yellow; ear-coverts olive, 
with, narrow shaft-lines of bright yellow; cheeks, sides of neck, and 
entire under surface of body, including the thighs and under wing-
and tail-coverts, bright yellow, the flanks slightly washed with 
olive-brown; " bill dusky, the under mandible yellow; tarsi and 
feet dusky; iris hazel" (Ayres). Total length 4*9 inches, culmcn 
0-55, wing 2-4, tail 2*35, tarsus 0*5. 

36. HYPOTHYMIS.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but not quite so bright. Total 
length 5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2*3, tarsus 0-85. (Mus. G. E. Shelley ) 

J }

Bab. Natal.

«. Ad. sk. Natal. 
Dr. Gueinzius [CI. 

h. Ad. sk. Natal. T. Ayres, Esq. [0.]. 
c,d. <S ad. sk. Lydenburg. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.l 
e- 6 ad. sk. Macamac (T. Ayres). J. II. Gurney, Esq. [P.]. 
2. Chloropeta icterina. 
Chloropeta icterina, Sundev. OEfv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. Stockh. 1850, 
p. 105 ; Sharpe, ed. Layards B. S. Afr. p. 336. 
Adult. Bright yellowish green ; underneath very bright yellow ; 
a yellowish streak above the lores; thigh-plumes very bright yellow. 
Total length 5^ inches, wing 245, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*85. 

(Sundevall, I. c.) 
Obs. The above is a translation of the original description; the 
specific characters are given in the "key." 

36. HYPOTHYMIS*. 
Type. 
Hypothymis, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 073 H. occipitalis. 
Myiagra, pt, auct. recent, plur. 

Head of Hypothymis azurea. 

Range. From India and Ceylon through the Burmese countries 
to South China; Malayan peninsula and islands as far as Celebes 
and the Sula group. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Forehead and crown uniform azure-blue, of a 
velvety texture. 
a'. With a black collar across the fore neck 
and a large black nape-patch. 
a". 
Belly white, as also the under wing-
coverts azurea tf, p. 274. 

* The following species has been placed in this gonus, but lias been shown by 
Oustalet to be Biezorhynchus dichrous (Gh-ay), a species described further on:— 
HYPOTHYMIS MANABENSIS. 
Muscicapa inanadeiisis, Quoy 8c Gaim. Voy. de VAstrol. Zool. i. p. 176, pi. 3. 
fig. 3. 
Myiagra menadensis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 352; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 328, 
no. 4921. 
Hypothymis manadensis, Bp. C. E. xxxviii. p. 653; Walden. Tr. Z. S. vin. 
*p. 66. 

274 
MUSCICAPIB-E. 

V. 
Belly greyish purple, as also the under .. . 07~ 
wing-coverts, overspreading tlie white.. occipitalis <$, p. 27a. 
b'. With no black collar across the fore neck; 

nape-spot very indistinct ; frontal line and 

chin Mack 
ceylonensis 6j V--""* 

c'. With no black collar across the fore neck 
and no nape-spot; no black on the frontal 
line or chin puella tf, p. 277. 


c". 
Above and below of the same light 
azure-blue puella, p. 277. 
d". Above greyish cobalt,- under surface 
light silvery blue rowleyi, p. 278. 

b. 
Forehead and eyebrow silvery cobalt, brighter 
than the rest of the crown and forming an 
eyebrow sMperciliaris <$, p. 278. 
1. Hypothymis azurea, 
Gobe-mouches bleu des Philippines, Daubent PI. Enl. 606. fig. 1. 
Le petit Azur, Montb. Hist Nat Ois. iv. p. 534. 
Muscicapa azurea, Bodd. Tabl. PI Enl. p. 41 (ex Daubent). 
Azure Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 339. 
Muscicapa cserulea, Gm. S. N. L p. 943; Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. 


p. 14. 
Muscicapa caeruleocephala, Syhes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85. 
? Myiagra torquata, Swains. Monogr. Flycatchers, p. 203. 
Myiagra cserulea, Swains. Monogr. Flycatchers, p. 208; Gray, Cat. 
Mamm. 8fC. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 93 ; Blyth, Cat B. Mm. A. S. B. 

p. 204. 
Myiagra azurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 201; Horsf. ty Moore, Cat B. 
Mus. F.I. Co. i. p. 138 ,* Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 450; Pelz. Bets. Novara, 
Vog. pp. 78,161 (pt.) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4930; Godw.-
Aust J. A. S. B. xxxix. p. i00; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 381 ; Ball, 
Str. F. 1873, p. 68; Hume, Str. F. 1S74; pp. 217, 474; Ball, t c. 

p. 404; Hume, Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. p. 198; id. Str. F. 1875, 
p. 103 ; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 257 ; Armstr. t c p. 322 ; Hume, 
t c. p. 395; David $* Ousted, Ois. Chine, p. 114; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. 
Soc. n. s. i. p. 325. 
Tchitrea caeruleocephala, Sioinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 57. 
Hypothymis azurea, Blyth fy Wald. B. Burm. p. 131. 


Adult male. General colour above azure-blue, rather greyer on the 
rump; wing-coverts like the back, the quills dusky blackish externally, 
edged with dull azure-blue, the inner secondaries entirely of 
the latter colour; tail-feathers dusky blackish, dull blue on the 
outer webs, with a narrow line of white at the tips, these white 
tips sometimes nearly obsolete; crown of head and sides of head 
lighter azure-blue, the feathers with a velvety texture; a frontal 
line and a square patch on the nape black; chin black; sides of face 
and throat and fore neck light azure-blue, with a band of black 
across the latter; rest of under surface white, washed with greyish 
blue on the sides of the body and thighs ; under wing-coverts white, 
slightly shaded with grey ; quills blackish below, broadly edged with 
white along the inner web ; " bill dark blue, edges and tip black; 
inside of mouth yellow; legs plumbeous, claws homy; iris dark 

36 . HYPOTErMIS. 
275 

brown; edges of eyelids blue, eyelids plumbeous " (Oates). Total 
length 5*8 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*8, tail 2*85, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
light earthy brown, the wing-coverts and scapulars slightly washed 
with pale azure; quills light brown, externally edged with ashy, 
which has a pale azure shade; tail-feathers brown, with a blue 
shade on the edges of the feathers; head azure-blue, as also the 
throat and fore neck, the blue brighter on the crown and round the 
eye ; chest greyer ; rest of under surface of body white, as also the 
under wing-coverts and inner lining of the quills. Total length 
6*5 inches, wing 2*95, tail 3, tarsus 0*7. 

Ohs. The female bird above described is from Matheran, and 
seems large. A male from the same place has the wing 2-75, the 
tail 2-85 inches. The Pegu bird is more like the Malayan H. occipitalis, 
but has scarcely as much blue shade over the white belly as 
in typical examples; it is difficult to decide from a single bird, and 
Mr. Hume, who has had a large series before him, pronounces Pegu 
specimens to be identical with Indian. 

Hah. India generally, ranging through the Burmese countries to 
Pegu and Tenasserim. 

a. Ad. sk. India. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Calcutta. Cant. J. Biddulph [0.]. 
c. d. <$ $ ad. sk. Matheran, Bombay, Major J. Hayes Lloyd [0.1. 
Jan. 1872. 
e,f. $ j g, h, i. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 


h. S ad. sk. MahabaleshwurHills. Colonel Sturt [P.]. 
lj m, $ ? ad. sk. Tenasserim. J. CD.Packman,Esq. [P.]. 
n. tf ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.], 
o,p, q. $ 
ad. sk. Saigon, Cochin M. E. Pierre [P.]. 
China. 


2. Hypothymis occipitalis. 
I/Azur 
a calotte et a collier noir, Levaill. Ois. oVAfr. iv. p. 11, 
pi. 153. 
Muscicapa casrulea (nee Gm.). Bqffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 312 j 
KiitL Kupf. Vbg. p. 7, Taf. 9. fig. 1. 
Hypothymis cserulea (nee Gm.), Boie, Isis, 1820, p. 273, et 1828, 

p. 318 (ex Levaill.)-, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. 
p. 56. 
Muscicapa occipitalis, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 97. 
Myiagra azurea (nee Bodd.), Moore, P. Z. $. 1854, p. 271; Pek. 
Reis. Nov., Tog. p. 78 (pt.). 
Myiagra cserulea, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485. 
Myiagra tytleri, Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 324; Gray, Hand4. B. i. 

p. 328, no. 4928; Hume, 8tr. F. 1874, p. 217. 
Hypothymis azurea (nee Bodd.), Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 102; Salvad. 
Ucc. Bom. p. 133; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 182; Oates, Str. F. 
1877, p. 149 : Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 18; id. Tr. Linn. Soc. n. s. 

i. 
p. 325 ; Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 693, 760, 825, et 1878, 
p. 284. 
Adult male. Above rich deep azure-blue, brighter on the head, 
where the feathers are of a velvety texture ; a frontal line, chin, and 

276 HTTSCICAPIDiE. 

a nuchal patch Hack; wing-coverts like the back ; quills and tail-

feathers blackish, externally washed with blue; sides of face and 

entire throat rich azure-blue, with a black collar across the fore 

neck ; rest of under surface greyish purple, overlying the dull white 

on the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts; thighs purplish; 

under wing-coverts greyish purple overlying the white like the 

flanks; quills black below, ashy along the inner web; " bill blackish 

blue; iris dark brown " (Everett)*. Total length 5'8 inches, culmen 

0-5, wing 2*7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-6. 

Adult female. Differs from the male as does the female of E. 

azurea: i. e. it has the back brown, with the head dull azure, the 

black nape-spot being absent. It is of a darker brown than the 

female of H. azurea, and has the whitish abdomen overspread with 

a shade of bluish grey. 

06s. It will be a matter of opinion whether this is really a distinct 
species, or whether it should be considered merely a race of H. 
azurea. Specimens from the same locality vary considerably as 
regards the white on the abdomen; some of them have this part 
blue, but paler than the breast. Those which exhibit this character 
in tho most marked degree are the birds from the Andamans—Hy~ 
pothymis tytleri (Eeavan) ; but on this point see Mr. Hume's careful 
observations (S. P. 1874, p. 217). He finds that the majority of 
the Andaman birds are different from the Indian, but that occasionally 
they show more or less of an approach to the latter. This 
is exactly my experience with regard to the Indo-Malayan individuals 
; and certainly those from Plores are whiter below than usual; 
they also occasionally want the nape-spot and prsepectoral collar. 

I may here add a word as to my reason for applying the name of 
azurea to the Indian bird instead of to the Philippine, as Mitscicapa 
azurea, Bodd., is founded on the " Gobe-mouches bleu des Philippines 
" of Daubenton's plate. As the white belly is the character by 
which the two species are distinguished, and as this is shown clearly 
in the plate, I have adopted it, believing that the locality assigned 
is erroneous. The description mentions a slight shade of blue on the 
underparts; but this is also seen in the Indian bird. Those ornithologists 
who prefer the correctness of the locality to that of the 
drawing, must adopt the name of Ilypothymis cwruleocejphala (Sykes) 
for the Indian species. 

Hah. Andaman and Mcobar Islands, Malayan peninsula, Java, 
Sumatra, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Formosa. 

a. cJ ad. sk. Port Blair, S. Andamans, July 9. R B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
1873 (Capt. Wvmberley). 
b. <$ ad. sk. Malacca. t A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
* The above soft parts are from a Bornean skin. Mr. Ei erett procured four 
specimens in the island of Luzon, and gives the following notes (of, Tweeddale, 
P. Z. S. 1877, p. 693) -.—Male. Iris chocolate-brown ; bill blue, tip black; interior 
of gape pale yellow-green ; legs lead-blue ; nails black. Female. Tris dark 
chocolate-brown ; bill and nails black ; legs dark grey. 
36 . HYPQTRTHIS. 
277 

Cjd. ($; e. Q ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bonvier. 
/. 6 imm. [? $ ad.] sk. E. Java: A. R. Wallace, Esq.. [0.1. 


g, h. $ 2 ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 

i,h. Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [0. 

I. Ad. sk. Island of Daat. Governor Usslier [0. 
m. <S ad. sk. Bintulu, W.Borneo. H. Everett, Esq. [C. 
n. (S ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Eaq. [0.1. 
o. S ad. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [C.J. 
p. Ad. sk. Island of Basilan. Prof. J. B. Steere [O.J. 
g,r,\ <S)t,u. $ ad. sk. Mores. A. R. Wallace, Esq. fO.l. 
v. 2 ad. sk. Lonibock. 
&q, I U. 
A. R. Wallace, Es<j. [O.J. 
w. (S ad. sk. Formosa, Feb. 1866. R. Swinhoe, Esq. 
x. 2 ad. sk. Formosa, Mar. 1866. R. Swinhoe, Esq M 
3. Hypothymis ceylonensis. 
Myiagra azurea, Iloldsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 440 (nee Bodd.). 

Similar to II. azurea of India, bat having the black nape-spot less 

distinct and the black collar on the fore neck entirely absent; " bill 

pale blue; legs blue; iris deep brown" (Legge, MS.). Total 

length 5-8 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*8, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*7. 

Bab. Ceylon. 

a, 2 ad. sk. Ceylon, Oct. 29,1870. Oapt. Vincent Legge [P.]. 

b. d ad. sk. Kandy bills, Ceylon. A. Whyte, Esq. [C.]. 
4. Hypothymis puella. 
Myiagra puella, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 430; Gray, Hand-l B. i. 

p. 340, no. 4931. 
Hypothymis 
puella, Walden, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 66, pi. 7, fig. 2; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 656. 

Adult male. General colour above and below very light azure-
blue, a little paler on the abdomen; head and nape, lores and 
feathers round the eye, cheeks, and fore neck brighter blue; wing-
coverts like the back; quills and tail-feathers ashy brown, externally 
dull azure-blue ; under wing-coverts like the breast, but paler and 
somewhat whitish • " bill blue, the lip blackish; feet bluish" 
(Wallace). Total length 6*8 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2*9, tail 2-9, 
tarsus 0-65. 

Obs. Sula-Island specimens also want the black nuchal patch; 
they are a little deeper azure-blue than the Celebes birds, approaching 
more to the tints of the Indo-Malayan E. occipitalis. 

Bab. Celebes and Sula Islands. 

a. $ ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
b, c. c? ad. sk, Makassar, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. "C. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0^ 
/ . Ad. sk. Celebes. Purchased. 
278 MUSCICAPIDiE. 

5. Hypothymis rowleyi. 
Zeoceplms rowleyi, Meyer, in Roivley's Orn. Misc. vol. iii. p. 163. 
Adult (Great Sangi Island; type of species). General colour 
above greyish cobalt-bine, more grey on the rump; lesser and median 
wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills 
light bluish grey, edged externally with the same greyish cobalt as 
the back of the quills, internally dusky blackish ; tail greyish blue, 
dusky blackish on the inner webs ; sides of face more dusky greyish 
blue than the head ; cheeks and under surface of body light silvery 
bluish, darker on the throat, and more dusky blue on the sides of 
the breast; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the breast. 
Total length 6-5 inches, oilmen 0-65, wing 3-65, tail 3-6, tarsus 0-95. 
(Mus. Dresden.) 
Hah. Sangi Islands. 


6. Hypothymis superciliaris. 
Hypothymis superciliaris, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 326. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above greyish blue 

or verditer, the head rather deeper blue, the frontal plumes silvery-

cobalt, extending backwards over each eye and forming an eyebrow; 

lores blackish; sides of face dull blue; throat and chest greyish blue, 

lighter than the back, shading into bluish white on the rest of the 

under surface, including the under wing- and tail-coverts; thighs 

blue ; wings above brighter cobalt; quills black, externally bright 

cobalt, the inner secondaries almost entirely of this colour with black 

shafts ; tail-feathers black, externally bright cobalt, the centre ones 

almost entirely of the latter colour ; bill black ; legs dark brown; 

" iris dark brown " (Steere). Total length 6*2 inches, culmen 0*6, 

wing 3-1, tail 3, tarsus 0-65. 

Hah. Island of Basilan, Philippines. 

37. CYANOMYIAS. 
Hypothymis (pt.), Tweeddale. 

Eange. Philippine Islands. 

1. Cyanomyias coelestis. 
Hypothymis coelestis, Tweeddale, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. 

p. 536; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 109, pi. 7,fig. 1. 
Adult female (type of species). General colour above lazuline 
blue, brighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts 
brighter cobalt, the greater series and the quills dusky brown externally 
washed with lazuline blue, brighter on the margins of the 
coverts ; tail-feathers ashy brown, azure-blue on the outer webs; 
head brighter and more cobalt-blue, with a slight tinge of purple on 
the crown, the feathers scaly in appearance, with two long tufts of 

38 . CHELIDOKHYNX. 27 9 
pointed feathers springing from the hinder part of the crown ; sides 
of face and lores turquoise-blue; cheeks and entire throat rich azure-
blue ; abdomen and under tail-coverts greyish white, the breast and 
sides of the body washed with pale lazuline blue, slightly more purple 
on the former ; thighs washed with deeper blue; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries ashy, washed with bluish on the edges, the edge of the 
wing deep blue ; " bill blue, tipped and margined with black; interior 
of gape yellow-green ; orbital ring light "green; legs grey-blue ; iris 
dark brown " (A. Everett). Total length 5*7 inches, oulmen 0*45, 
wing 2-95, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-6. (Mus. Marquis of Tweeddale.) 

Hab. Island of Dinagat, Philippines. 

38. CHELIDOBHYNX. 
Type. 
Chelidorhynx, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32 C. hypoxantha. 

Bill of Chelidorhynx hypoxantha. 
Range.
Burmah. 
Eastern Himalayas; Khasia hills; Tonghoo hills in 
1. Chelidorhynx hypoxantha. 

Rhipidura hypoxantha, JBlyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 935 (1843) ; id. Cat 

B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 205, no. 1239 j Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259: id. 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 5000. 
Chelidorhynx hypoxantha, Hodgs. Drawings, no. 386 (Passeres, no. 
218); App. 115 in Brit. Mus. Coll.) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84; 
Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 49; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 322 ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. El. Co. i. p. 147; Jerd. B. 
Ind. i. p. 455, no. 294; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xxxix. p. 100; 
Blyth 8f Wald. B. Burma, p. 132; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 234; 
Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. JB. p. 204. 
Chelidorhynx chrysoschistos, Hodgs.(P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32. 

Adult. General colour above ashy olive, rather more yellowish on 
the crown ; forehead and a broad eyebrow bright yellow ; a narrow 
frontal line, lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts black, the 
last slightly washed with olive; cheeks and entire under surface of 
body bright yellow, including the thighs and under tail-coverts; 
under wing-coverts whitish, washed with yellow; wings brown,: the 
coverts edged with the ashy olive of the back, the quills also narrowly 
margined with olive, almost obsolete on the primaries, the 
inner secondaries with conspicuous white bases to the inner webs ; 
tail-feathers dusky brown with pure white shafts, all but the centre 
feathers tipped with white, which runs a little way up the tip of the 
inner web ; " bill black ; legs reddish ; iris pale brown " (Jerdon) ; 

280 
MlTSCJCAPIDiK. 

" underside of bill orange; iris umber-brown " {Godwin-Austen). 
Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 2*25, tail 2-25, tarsus 0*6. 
Adult female or young ? Differs from the foregoing description in 
having the lores and ear-coverts ashy olive like the crown. 
Hab. The same as that of the genus. 

a-c. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.], 

d. Juv. [? $ ad, ,] sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringkarn, Esq. [C.j. 
/. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin will [P.J. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Beween Simla and Capt. Stackhouse Pin will [P. |. 
Mussorie. 

i. 
Ad. sk. Bootan. Major Pemberton [C.]. 
k. Ad. sk. Sadbya. Colonel Godwin-Austen [P.]. 
39. TODOPSIS. 
Type 
Todopsis, Bp. C. JR. xxxviii. p. 652 (1854) T. cyanocephala. 

Wing of Todopsis cyanocephala. 

Range, New Guinea, Aru Islands, Mysol, Misori in Geelvink 
Bay. 

Key to tJie Species. 

a. Under surface dark blue. 
a'. Upper back, mantle, and scapulars cobalt-
blue (cyaneous) cyanocephala S, P- 280. 
b'. Mantle anjLacapulft<s glossy ultramarine. 
a". Upjferback ultramarine as well as 
mantle bonapartii $, p. 281. 
b". Only the mantle ultramarine; upper 
back black like the lower back and 
rump mysoriensis tf, p. 282. 

b. Under surface white ; the sides of the body, , •, 7 -, 1V 
thighs, and under tail-coverts rufous .. .'. j Tg^ S ' 
c. Under surface entirely white; back rufous; , 77 • -- OQQ 
wmacn

head cobalt; tail brown tipped with white o , P-*&*

*v

 } coronata $, p. 284. 

1. Todopsis cyanocephala. 
Todus 
cyanocephalus, Quoy et Oaimard, Toy. de VAstrol. p. 227, 
pi. 5.fig. 4. 

89 . TODOPSIS. 
281 
Muscitode a tete bleue, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sad, Atlas, pi. 20. 

%• 2. 
Tchitrea ? caeraleocephala (lapsu), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 200. 
Pbilentorna cyanocephala, Jacq, et Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, texte, Zool. 

iii. p. 79. ' •" '" 
Todopsis cseruleoceplxala, Bp. C. JR. xxxviii. p. 652. 
Todopsis cyanocephala, Gray, P. Z. & 1858, p. 177; id. P. Z. S. 1859, 
p. 156, et 1861, p. 434; id. Cat. Mamm. tyc. New Guinea, p. 27; 
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 168 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 696 j Meyer, 
Sitz. k. Ahad. Wien, lxix. pp. 74, 78; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. 
Genov. viii. p. 398, x. p. 148; Gould, B. JSfexo Guinea, part viii. 
Tchitrea cyanocephala, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5031. 

Adult male. Crown of head bright turqnoise-blue, extending in a 
narrow band down the nape and hind neck; lores and a narrow 
frontal band, feathers above the eye, sides of face and of neck, and 
hinder neck velvety black ; middle of the back and scapulars bright 
cobalt, as also the lessor wing-coverts ; greater and primary-coverts 
black, externally edged with purple; quills black, the secondaries 
externally bright cobalt, the innermost purplish blue; entire back 
from below the mantle velvety black, with a slight purple gloss; 
upper tail-coverts deep purple ; tail-feathers black, dull blue on the 
outer webs, the two centre feathers entirely shaded blue; cheeks 
and entire under surface of body dark purple ; under wing-coverts 
black; bill, feet, and iris black (D'Albertis). Total length 6 inches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 2*35, tail 2-4, tarsus 1. 

Adult female. General colour above chestnut-brown, the wing-
coverts like the back; quills dark brown, externally edged with 
chestnut; crown of head bright turquoise-blue, extending in a band 
down the nape; a narrow frontal line, lores, sides of face, and sides 
of the hinder crown purplish black; cheeks and throat dull cobalt; 
lower throat, breast, and centre of the body dull creamy white, the 
lower throat laterally cobalt; sides of body, flanks, thighs, and 
under tail-coverts chestnut, glossed with lilac on the sides of the 
upper breast; under wing-coverts chestnut, the outer lower coverts 
burly white, as also the edge of the wing; lower surface of quills 
dark brown, edged with rufous along the inner web; tail light 
indigo, waved across with dusky lines under certain lights, all the 
feathers rather broadly tipped with white; bill black; feet dark 
brown in skin. Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 2*25, 
tail 2*35, tarsus 0*95. 

Hob. New Guinea. 
a, b. $ 2 8k.
a, d. $ sk.
e. J juv. sk. 
New Guinea. 
Dorey, 1858. 
New Guinea. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI. 
A. K. Wallace, Esq. ~C. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 

2. Todopsis bonapartii. 
Todopsis 
cyanocephala, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177, pi. 134 (nee Q, 
et G.). 
Todopsis bonapartii, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 156, et 1861, p. 434; Putsch, 
Neu-Guinea, p. 108; Meyer, Sitz. h. Ahad. Wien, lxix. p. 78; 
VOL. IV. TJ 

2S2 MUSCTCAPIDJE. 

&iari>e, Joiirn. Linn. Soc. xiii. pp. 310, 498 5 Gould, B. New Guinea, 

part viii. 
Todopsis caerulescens, Bosenb. J. f. 0. 1804, p. 120. 
Todopsis, sp., Salvad. Ami. Mm. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 25. 
TcMtrea bonapartii, GV^T/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 384, no. 5032. 

Adult male. Crown of head bright cobalt, of an enamelled texture, 
running in a narrow line down the nape; a narrow frontal line, 
lores, feathers above and below the eye, cheeks, ear-coverts, sides of 
neck, and hinder neck black (the latter washed with purple); mantle, 
scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts purplish cobalt; the greater series 
of coverts and inner secondaries black, externally edged with 
purple; primaries black, with scarcely any purple edgings; back 
velvety black, glossed with purple, the upper tail-coverts of the last-
named colour; tail-feathers purplish black, inclining to duller black 
on the inner webs; entire under surface of body deep purple, much 
brighter on the breast and flanks; under wing-coverts black, glossed. 
with purple. Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2*3, tail 
2*5, tarsus 0-95. 

Adult female. Crown of head cobalt, extending in a rather narrow 
line down the nape; a narrow frontal line, lores, sides of face, 
including a narrow eyebrow, and the sides of the hinder crown and 
nape purplish black ,* upper surface of body maroon-chestnut, as also 
the scapulars and wing-coverts, some of the outermost coverts of the 
thumb spotted with lilac; quills dark brown, externally edged with, 
rufous like the back, the secondaries tipped with pale rufous; tail-
feathers dull indigo, obscurely washed under certain lights and 
broadly tipped with white; entire throat purplish blue, descending 
onto the sides of the chest; centre of the fore neck, chest, and 
middle of the body white, the sides of the body light maroon-chestnut, 
including the thighs and under tail-coverts; the sides of the 
upper breast distinctly glossed with lilac ; under wing-coverts ver}* 
light rufous, paler on the lower series, a spot on the edge of the 
wing cobalt-blue; " bill black; feet dusky olive; iris dark " ( Wallace), 
Total length 5*9 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 2-25^ tail 2*65, 

tarsus 0*9. 
Rah. Aru Islands. 
a, h. <$ J ad. sk, Aru Islands. A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [CL]. 
e. rf ad. sk.
d. $ juv. sk. 
Aru Islands. 
Am Islands.
(Types of species.) 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.1 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.j. 

3. Todopsis mysoriensis. 
Todopsis mysoriensis, Meyer^ Sitz. h. Ahad. Wien, Ixix. p. 7j Salvad, 
Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 25. 

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, Beccari). General colour above glossy 
ultramarine-blue, the whole of the back except the mantle velvety 
black; upper tail-coverts deep ultramarine; tail dark blue; wings 
black, the inner secondaries externally dark blue, the innermost 
entirely of the latter colour; wing-coverts dark blue; crown rich 

39 . TODOPSIS. i\s;s 
cobalt-blue, narrowing on the nape; a frontal band, aides of face, 
sides of crown, and nape black, extending in a narrow collar round 
the hind neck ; entire under surface of body deep blue, brighter on 
sides of breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts black, slightly shaded 
with blue; quills black, edged with ashy brown along the inner 
web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2*3, tail 2-5, 
tarsus 0*9. (Mm. Civic. Genov.) 

Adult female (Kordo, Misori, Beccari). General colour above maroon-
brown, the wings like the back; quills dark brown, externally 
like the back, the edges to the primaries somewhat paler ; tail deep 
blue, tipped with white; crown of head ultramarine; forehead, 
sides of crown, sides of face, and neck black, slightly shaded with 
blue, more distinct on the hind neck; chin and upper throat deep 
blue; remainder of under surface white, the sides of the body, 
thighs, and under tail-coverts light maroon, shaded with lilac on the 
sides of the fore neck; under wing-coverts paler maroon; quills dull 
brown below, edged with light rufous on the inner web. Total 
length 5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2*3, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. Civic. 
Genov.) 

Hub. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink. 

4. Todopsis wallacii. 
Todopsis wallacii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 429, 484, pi. 43. fig. 2; 
Fimch, Neu-Guinea, p. 168; Meyer, tiitz. k. AJcad. Wien, lxix 

p. 815 Gould, B. New Guinea, pait viii. 
Tchitrea wallacii, Gray, Hand-IB. i. p. 334,no.5033. 
Adult. • Crown of head cobalt, each feather with a mesial streak of 
silvery blue, and all black at the bases; entire back orange-chestnut, 
duller on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts brown, the 
least ones washed with orange-chestnut, the median and greater 
series broadly tipped with white, the latter series also externally 
edged with the same ; quills brown, externally washed with olive-
brown ; tail brown, all the feathers tipped with white; lores and a 
ring of feathers round the eye white; below the front of tho eye a 
blackish spot; sides of head above the ear-coverts black, as also the 
hinder part of the cheeks; ear-coverts elongated, pure while; 
throat and under surface of body pure white, including the under 
wing- and tail-coverts; thighs dusky blackish. Total length 4*4 
inches, culmen 0*65, wing 1*95, tail 1*95, tarsus 0*8. 

Obs. Two other specimens measure as follows :— 

Total length, Culmen. Wing. Tail. Tarsus, 
in. in. in. in. in. 
a. Mysol (Wallace) ... . 4*6 0*65 1-9 2-0 0*75 
6. Mysol (Wallace) ... . 4*5 0*65 1-9 1*85 0*75 

As none of the above specimens agree exactly with Mr. Gray's 
measurements, I cannot say which is the typical one; but it is not the 
specimen marked c, which is the bird spokon of by Mr. Gray (I. c.) as 
the young. It differs from the bird described in having the throat 
bull" instead of white, while, from its having smaller white tips to 

tr 2 

284 MUSCTCAPID^. 

the wing-coverts, less blue on the head, and less developed plumes 
on the ear-coverts, it may be an immature example. 
Hab. Mysol. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C."|. 
b. Ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
(Tvpe of species.) 
c. Jun. sk Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
5. Todopsis coronata. 
Todopsis coronata, Gould, Birds of New Guinea, part viii. 
Adult. Similar to T. ivallacii; but having the blue tips to the 
feathers of the crown smaller and rounded in shape instead of lanceolate, 
and having also a distinct black streak under the eye. 
Hab. Am Islands. 


a. Ad. sk. Aru Islands {Von Rosenberg). LeydenMuseum [P.]. 
40. CHENORHAMPHUS. 
Todopsis, pi., Wallace et attct. Type. 
Chenorhamphus, Oustalet, JBull. Assoc. Sclent, de France, 
no. 533 (1878) C. grayi. 

Range. Confined to North-western New Guinea. 

1. Chenorhamphus grayi. 
Todopsis grayi, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 166; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, 

p. 168; Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 709; Meyer, Sitz. 
k. Akad. Wien, lxix. pp. 81, 212 ; Goidd, B. New Guinea, 
part viii. 
Myiagra glauca, Schlegel, N. T. D. iv. p. 41. 
Todopsis sericyanea, Mosenb. 
Tchitrea grayi, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5034. 
Tchitrea sericyanea, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5035. 
Chenorhamphus cyanopecms, Oustalet, Bull. Assoc. Sci. Finance, no. 

533 (1878); Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 106. 
Chenorhamphus grayi, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. TOI. i. no. 10, p. 31. 

*Adult (type of species). General colour above dull blue, brighter 
and more cobalt on the lower back and rump; wing-coverts brown, 
slightly washed externally with olive and tipped with dull verditerblue; 
quills brown, broadly washed externally with olivaceous 
brown; tail-feathers brown, externally bluish, slightly washed with 
olivaceous on the margins and tipped with white; head dull greyish 
blue, inclining to ashy verditer above the eyes and on the sides of 
the crown; feathers in front of the eye blackish, as also a broad 
streak above the ear-coverts; round the eye a circlet of verditer 
feathers; ear-coverts verditer-blue, the feathers rather elongated 
and streaked with brighter cobalt; cheeks and throat silvery whitish 
with a bluish gloss, the rest of the under surface pale ashy blue, 
washed with a cobalt shade; under wing-coverts like the breast; 

42 . MALUBUS. 
285 

thighs olivaceous brown. Total length 5*7 inches, cnlmon 0-7, 
wing 2-55, tail 2-5, tarsus 1. 

Hob. North-western New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Mountains of Sorong, N.W. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C], 
New Guinea. (Type of species.; 
41. 
CLYTOMYIAS. 
Type. 
Clytomyias, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Museum, i. no. 10, p. 30. C. insignis. 
Range. Confined to North-western New Guinea. 

1. Clytomyias insignis. 
Clytomyias insignis, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 10, p. 30. 

Adult female (type of species). General colour above ashy with 
an olive wash, the upper tail-coverts tipped with ochraceous buff; tail-
feathers brown, edged with ochraceous buff, the outer feathers with 
pale tips of the same colour; least wing-coverts ochraceous brown, 
the greater and median series dusky brown, with edgings of dull 
ochraceous buff, the quills dusky brown, externally margined with 
rufous; crown of head and nape chestnut, as well as the sides of 
the face, cheeks, and ear-coverts; lores slightly fulvescent; throat 
white, the rest of the under surface creamy buff, the flanks deeper 
fulvous, the sides of the upper breast darker and more olive; thighs 
chestnut; under tail-coverts dusky with chestnut tips ; under wing-
coverts fawn-colour; quills dusky brown below, with rufous lining 
to the inner webs. Total length 5-3 inches, culmen 0*6 long, 0-25 
wide, wing 2-15, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Hab. Tjobonda, Mount Arfak, Feb. 18, 1876 (Bruijn). 

42. MALUEUS. „ 
Type. 
Maliuus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 44 (1816) M. cyaneus. 

Bill of Malurus amabilis. 

Range. Confined to Australia and New Guinea. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Head blue. 
a'. With no red on the upper surface. 
a". Throat blue-black j upper tail-coverts 
black. 
a"'. Smaller; wing 1*95 inch: head, ear-
coverts, and mantle turquoisine blue, 
the mantle less extended than in the 
next species cyaneus, p. 280. 

280 
MUSCTCAPIDJE. 

h,n 

. Larger; wing 2*15 inches : head, ear-
coverts, and mantle rich cobalt-blue, 
the mantle more extended gouldi, p. 287. 

b". Throat blue; upper tail-coverts blue. 

c'n. Scapulars blue or black, edged with 
blue $ wing-coverts brown with bluish 
edges; no white shoulder-spot. 


a4. A black bar across the rump, this 
and the lower back being black. 


a5. Crown of head and mantle deep 
cobalt-blue; ear-coverts turquoise-
blue melanotus, p. 288. 

h5. Crown of head and mantle greenish 
turquoise-blue; forehead and ear-
coverts silvery whitish callainus, p. 289. 

b4. No black bar across the rump, the 
upper surface entirely rich cobalt .. splendens, p. 289. 
d"$. Scapulars, wing-coverts, and inner 

secondaries pure white. 
c4. Centre of back blue leiicoptents, p. 290. 
d4. Centre of back white leiiconotus, p. 291. 

c". Throat creamy white, a little lighter than . amaM{s . 2Q3 
the rest of the under surface j (Kypokucus, 6oul(L) 
b'. Scapulars chestnut-red. 
d". Back beautiful silvery blue, a little lighter 
than the eyebrow or ear-coverts elegans, p. 291. 
e". Back fine cobalt-blue, of a different tint 
to the eyebrow or crown. 
ef". Ear-coverts and eyebrow turquoise-
blue, richer than the blue of the nape, lamberti, p. 292. 
f". Ear-coverts and eyebrow rich enamelled 
blue, only a little brighter than 
the hinder crown and nape, which incline 
to ultramarine amabilis, p. 293. 
f". Centre of back purplish blue like the 
crown, the ear-coverts more cobalt ... . puleherrimuSj p. 294. 

b. Head lilac, with a black spot in the centre of 
the crown eoronatus, p. 295. 
c. Head black, as also the entire under surface. 
c\ Back red, 
</'. Back scarlet-vermilion melanocephalus, p. 296. 
h". Back deep crimson dorsalis, p. 296. 

d\ 
Back black; wing-coverts white, forming a 
conspicuous shoulder-patch of white alhiscapulatus, p. 297. 

<"" 

1. Malurus cyaneus. 
Superb Warbler, 
Lath, Gen, Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 501, pi. 53; Phillips, 
Voy, Botany Bay, pp. 157,159. 
Motacilla cyanea, Ellis, Narr. Voy, Copt. Cook, #c, p. 22; Gm. 8mt% 
Nat, i. p. 991. 
Motacilla superba, Shaw, in White's Journ, Voy. JSf. 8. W. p. 256, cum' 
£.g. super.; id. Nat. Misc. i. pi. 10. 
Sylvia cyanea, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 545. 

Sy" 
" alums cyaneus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 44; Gould, Syn. B. Ausfr. part i.; 

Ma 

42. MAiujRtrs. 
287 

id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 18; Jard. fy Selby, III Orn. ii. p]. 7,<J 
fig. 3; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 105; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218; Cab. Mm. 
Mem. Th. i. p. 41; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl pp. 05, 290: Gould 
Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 317; Grmj, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2870Bigghs, 
Orn. Austr. pi. 44. fig. 5 ; Ramsay, Br, Linn. Soc. JV". 8 W 

ii. p. 184. 
Maliirus superbus, Beh. Bis, 1870, p. 111. 
Adult male. Crown of head light turquoisine blue; the lores 
feathers in front of and above the eye, sides of crown, sides of neck' 
and hind neck velvety blue-black ; mantle turquoisino blue of tho 
same tint as the head; scapulars and remainder of back black ; 
wings brown, the quills with lighter edges; upper tail-coverts 
velvety blue-black; tail-feathers black, washed with deep purple, 
the lateral ones slightly tipped with white; feathers below the eye 
and ear-coverts turquoise-blue; cheeks, throat, and breast velvety 
blue-black ; centre of the body whitish, the sides of the body, flanks, 
and under tail-coverts fulvous-brown, the breast strongly washed 
with blue where it adjoins the blue-black throat and chest; thighs 
fulvous-brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries ochraceous buff ; 
"bill black; feet brown; iris blackish brown" (Gould). Total 
length 4-5 inches, culmen 045, wing 1-95, tail 2*2, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Has the lores and a circle surrounding the eye reddish 
browrn; upper surface, wings, and tail brown; under surface 
brownish white; bill reddish brown ; feet fleshy brown. (Goidd.) 

Hab. Eastern Australia, from Port Denison southwards; South 
Australia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Australia. 
b. J ad. sk. Australia. 
Purchased. 
c. <J ad. sk. New South Wales. J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Malurus gouldi 
Malurus longicaudus, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 148 (nee Temm. Man. 
cTO?*n. 1820, p. lxviii)*; id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 19; Gray, 
Gen. B. i. p. 165; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl 
pp. 96, 290; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 320; Gray,IIand~l. B. 

l. p. 204, no. 2877 ; Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 44.fig. 6; Ramsay, B*. 
Linn. Soc. JV. & W. ii. p. 184. 
Adult male. Crown of head rich turquoise-blue of an enamelled 
texture; in front of the eye a black spot; sides of crown, sides of 
neck, and a broad collar round the hind neck velvety blue-black ; 
the whole of the mantle and upper back enamelled turquoise-blue; 
scapulars, lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts velvety blue-
black ; wings brown, the least wing-coverts and a few of the outer 
greater coverts externally greyish blue, the median coverts dull 
blue, the primaries with whity brown margins; tail-feathers dark 
ultramarine, with narrow white tips, becoming broader on the outer 
ones; feathers below the eye, ear-coverts, and a tuft of plumes on 
the hinder cheeks enamelled turquoise-blue like the head; cheeks, 

* Cf. Sundev. Ann. Nat. H. xriii. p. 252. 
^# 8 MXTSCICAPIDJS. 

throat, and breast velvety blue-black, the feathers on the sides of 

the tipper breast tipped with turquoise-blue; centre of the body 

below whitish, the flanks, sides of body, and thighs fulvous-brown; 

under wiDg-coverts and axillaries fulvescenj/f quills brown below, 

narrowly edged with whitish along the inner web; "bill black; 

feet brown; iris blackish brown *' (Gould), Total length 5-5 

inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*15, tail 2-65, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female. General colour above rusty brown, darker brown 

on the head ; wings dark brown, the coverts and secondaries edged 

with the same brown as the back, the margins to the primaries 

much paler; tail-feathers dull blue, the outer ones slightly tipped 

with white; lores and feathers round the eye rufous ; ear-coverts 

brown, washed with rufous ; cheeks and under surface of body dull 

white, the flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts fulvous-brown; 

under wing-eoverts and axillaries yellowish buff, the small ones 

near the edge of the wing brown with whitish edges; quills brown 

below, fulvescent aloag the inner web ; " bill reddish brown ; feet 

fleshy brown" (Gould). Total length 5*1 inches, culmen 0*45, 

wing 2-2, tail 3, tarsus 1. 

Hab. Tasmania and the islands of Bass's Straits (Gould). South 

Australia and Victoria (Ramsay). 

a. Pull. st. .nia
Tasmania. 
.. 
b, c. <$ ad.; d. c? juv. st. Tasmania. J. Gould, Esq. [C.]. 


e. $ ad. sir. Tasmania. J. Gould, Esq. [0.]. 
f, y» $ ad. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunn, Esq. [P.]. 
h,«". & ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [C.l 
k, I. $ ad. sk. Tasmania. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. 

3, Malurus melanotus. 
Malurus nielanotus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 163 • id. B. Austr. fol. 

iii. pi. 20; Gray, Gen, B. i. p. 165; Bp. Vonsp. i. p. 218; Reichenb. 
Fog. Netdioll pp. 98, 291; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. L p. 322; 
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 204, no. 2878; Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 44. 
fig. 4; Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 184. 
Adult male. Head and nape rich enamelled cobalt-blue, inclining 
to turquoise-blue at the base of the forehead and round the eye-
feathers, in front of the latter black; sides of crown and sides of 
neck black, extending in a tolerably defined collar round the hinder 
neck, and separating the crown from the rest of the back, which is 
also rich enamelled cobalt-blue; lower back and rump velvety 
black; upper tail-coverts cobalt-blue, the longer ones deeper blue; 
tail-feathers dull blue, tipped with white, more broadly on the outer 
ones, which are also edged with white along their outer webs; 
scapulars and wing-coverts dull brown, edged with dingy greenish 


blue; quills brown, edged with a little brighter blue, some of the 
inner secondaries entirely blue; ear-coverts and tuft on the hinder 
cheek bright turquoise-blue, contrasting with the blue of the crown; 
throat and breast cobalt-blue, the feathers on the sides of the latter 
black with broad blue ends; flank-feathers blackish, with whitish 
shaft-lines and blue tips: centre of the body, thighs, and under 

tail-coverts dull whitish : under wing-coverts and axillaries fulvous ; 

42 . MALURUS. 
289 

quills daik brown below, light fulvous along the inner webs • " bill 
black; iris and legs blackish brown" (Gould). Total length 4*8 
inches, culmen 0-4, wing 1*95, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Has the lores and circle surrounding the eye reddish 
brown; all the upper surface brown; under surfaco brownish 
white ; wings brown ; tail green, each feather slightly tipped with 
white; bill reddish brown ; feet brown. (Gould,) 

Hal. Australia: Interior Province, Victoria, and South Australia. 

a, b, c. $ ad. sk. Interior of South Australia. CJapt. Sturt TRl 
d. <$ ad. sk. Interior of South Australia. Capt. Sturt \l\\. 
4. Malurus callainus. 

Malurus callainus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 302; id. B Austr folio 
pi. 23; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 204, no. 2891; Ramsay, W. Lintl 
Soc. J¥. S. W. ii. p. 184. 

Adult male (type of species). Crown of head most delicate turquoisine 
blue of a silvery lustre, a little more cobalt on the ed«-es of 
the crown; mantle also turquoisine blue, separated from the blue 
crown by a black velvety collar round the hind neck, which extends 
down the sides of the nock and joins the hinder part of the eye 
above the ear-coverts ; scapulars black, edged with cobalt-blue • 
wings light brown, the inner greater and median coverts washed 
with blue, the primaries narrowly edged with greenish blue; lower 
back and rump velvety black; upper tail-coverts turquoisine blue ; 
tail blue, with transverse vermiculations under certain lights, all 
tbe feathers tipped with white; in front of the eye a black spot; 
feathers below the eye and ear-coverts pale silvery blue; cheeks and 
throat deep cobalt; below the latter a black collar, extending on the 
sides of the neck so as to join the black collar on the hind neck ; 
rest of under surface of body lighter cobalt, the lower abdomen 
buffy white; thighs and lower flanks fulvous-brown; under wing-
coverts and axillaries yellowish, buff; quills brown below, fulvescont 
along the inner web. Total length 4*6 inches, culmon 0*4, wing 2, 
tail 2-3, tarsus 0*9. (Mus. J. Gould.) 

Bah. Interior of South Australia. 

5. Maluius splendens. 
Saxicola splendens, 
Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstr., Zool. i. p. 197, 
pi. 10. fig. 1. 
Malurus pectoralis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 106; id. Syn. B. Austr. 
part 1. 
Malurus splendens, Gould, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 21; Gray, Gen. B. 

i. p. 165; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 41; 
Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. pp. 98, 291; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. 
p. 323; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 204, no. 2879 ; Biggies, Orn. Austr. 
pi. 44. fig. 1; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. 8. W. ii. p. 184. 
Adult male. General colour above rich enamelled cobalt, the scapulars 
exactly like the back ; wings brown, the coverts externally 

290 
MtrsCICAPIDJB. 

rich blue or greenish blue, the quills edged with greenish blue ; 

upper tail-coverts exactly like tho back; tail-feathers bluish, washed 

with brighter blue on the edges, the feathers slightly tipped with 

bluish white; fore part of crown a little brighter and more turquoise-

blue, as also tho feathers over the eye; in front of the eye a black 

spot; sides of the crown black, extending from the hinder part of 

the eye above the ear-coverts, and joining a broad collar across the 

hinder neck, and occupying the sides of the neck; feathers below 

the eye and the entire ear-coverts bright turquoise-blue, contrasting 

with the head and back; entire under surface of body rich cobalt, a 

little deeper on the throat, with a broad black collar across the fore 

nock, running up onto the sides of the neck behind the ear-coverts ; 

thighs washed with greenish blue; under wing-coverts fulvous, the 

edge of the wing blue; quills dusky brown below, ashy whitish 

along the inner web; " bill black; iris and feet blackish brown " 

(Gould). Total length 4*6 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-05, tail 2-5, 

tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female* Different from the male. Above ashy brown, rather 

lighter brown on the sides of the neck; quills dark brown, with 

whity-brown edges; tail dull greenish blue, with narrow white tips ; 

lores and feathers round the eye rufous; ear-coverts light brown, 

with narrow hair-like shaft-lines of whitish; under surface of body 

entirely white, the sides of the body ashy brown, as also the thighs ; 

under wing-coverts and axillaries buff; quills brown below, fulve


scent along the inner web; "bill reddish brown" (Gould). Total 

length 4*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*05, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*95. 

Hab. "West Australia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Australia. 
Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. ? South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.]. 
Cj d. <$ 2 ad. sk. West Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [O.l. 
e, S imm. st. Canning's River, W. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.j. 
6. Malurus leucopterus. 
Malurus leucopterus, 
Quoy et Gaim, Voy. de VUraine, Zool. p. 108, 
pi. 23. fig. 2; Viff. $ Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 222; Gould, B. 
Austr. folio, iii. pi. 25; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 65; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218; 
JReicherib. Voy. NeuhoU. pp. 99, 291; Gould, JSandb. B. Austr. i. 

p. 330; Gray, Exmd-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2886; Mamsay, JPr, Linn. 
Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 184. 
Amytis leucopterus, Lesson, TraiU, p. 454. 
Malurus cyanotus, Gould, Ifandb. B. Austr. i. p. 331. 


Adult male. General colour above deep cobalt-blue from the 
forehead to the tail; scapulars, all the inner coverts and inner 
secondaries pure white; outer coverts brown, washed with blue; 
quills light brown, the primaries edged with greenish blue, the 
secondaries with brighter blue where they adjoin the inner white 
plumes; tail-feathers dark blue, the outer ones slightly shaded with 
lighter blue towards the base and tipped with white; sides of face, 
sides of neck, and entire under surface of body deep cobalt-blue 

42. MALtri-tus. 
291 

like the tipper surface; thighs dusky brown; on the sides of the 
upper breast a small tuft of white plumes adjoining the white 
shoulder-spot; under wing-coverts dull white with dusky bases 
the axillarios more fawn-coloured; quills brown below, whitish 
along the edge of the inner web; " bill black; feet brown; iris dark 
brown" (Gould). Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*35. wing 1*85 
tail 2-5, tarsus 0-8. 

Female. Crown of head and all the upper surface and flanks 
brown; throat and abdomen white, faintly washed with brown • 
external edges of the primaries and tail pale greenish bluo • bill 
reddish brown. (Gould.) 

Young male. Besemblcs the female, and gains the adult plumage 
by a moult; the white inner secondaries are washed with brown on 
their first appearance. 
Bab. Australia: "New South "^Vales; Interior Province; Victoria • 

"West Australia. 
a. Ad. sk. Australia. 
b. $ juv. st. 
c. c? ad. sk. 
d. S ad. sk. 
e. S ad. sk. 
Australia. 
South Australia, 
Interior of South Australia. 
West Australia. 
J. Gould, Esq. [0.1. 
Sir George Grey [P.]. 
Oapt. Sturt [PA 
J. Gould, Esq. [C.]. 

7. Malurus leuconotus. 
Malurus leuconotus, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 198; id. Handb. JB. 
Austr. i. p. 332; id. B. Austr. folio, 8uppl pi. 24; Gray, Band4. 

B. i. p. 204, no. 2890; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. JSoe. JV. S. W. ii. pp 
184,206. *r* 
Adult male. General colour above and below rich cobalt-blue, the 
feathers of the mantle greyish white, tipped with blue; centre of 
the back white; scapulars, wing-coverts, and inner secondaries 
snow-white; the coverts near the edge of the wing brown, washed 
with blue; quills brown, washed with greyish blue on the outer 
webs ; the innermost secondaries pure white, the outer ones brown 
on the inner web, white on the external one; tail-feathers blue, 
with a narrow edging of white on both webs ; thighs fulvous-brown ; 
under wing-coverts fulvous,-with dusky bases ; quills brown below, 
fulvescent along the inner web; " bill black ; feet brownish black " 
(Gould). Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 1*9, tail 2*45, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Bah. Interior of South Australia. 

a. Ad. sk, Australia. 
Purchased. 
8. Malurus elegans. 
Malurus elegans, Gould, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 22 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. 
p. 165; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218; Cab. Mus. Bein. Th. i. p. 41; 
Reicherib. Yog. NeuJioll. pp. 100, 291; Gould, Bandb. B. Austr. i. 
p. 324; Gray, Band4. B. i. p. 204, no. 2880 ; Biggies, Orn, Austr. 
pi. 44. fig. 2; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. S. W. ii. p. 184. 
29 2 MUSCICAPID2E. 

Malurua piilcherrimus (nee Gould), Gray, Hand4. B, i. p. 204, no. 
2881 (specimens examined). 

Adult male. Crown of head dull blue, the forehead and sides of 
the crown silvery cobalt-blue, forming a broad eyebrow; round the 
hind neck a broad black collar, extending onto the sides of the neck 
and reaching to the hinder ear-coverts; mantle and upper back 
light silvery cobalt; scapulars chestnut-red, extending somewhat 
over the back, so as to separate the mantle from the back; wings 
brown, the primaries edged with whity brown, the inner greater 
coverts and secondaries slightly edged with rufous, the wing-coverts 
darker, and the outer ones blackish; lower back and rump velvety 
black ; upper tail-coverts and tail greyish blue, the outer feathers 
tipped narrowly with white; in front of the eye a three-
cornered patch of black; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts 
turquoise-blue; cheeks, throat, and breast blue-black, with a 
slight purplish-blue shade on the sides of the breast; rest of 
under surface buffy white; the flanks, sides of body, thighs, and 
under tail-coverts fulvous-brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
tawny buff; quills dark brown below, fulvescent along the edge 
of the inner web; " bill black; iris and feet blackish brown" 
(Gould). Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1-95, tail 2*9, 
tarsus 1. 

Adult female. General colour above rusty brown, the head and 
neck more greyish brown; wings brown, the coverts and quills 
dusky brown, edged with the same rusty brown as the back, the 
primaries with whity brown; upper tail-coverts and tail dull greyish 
blue, with very small whitish tips to the outer tail-feathers; in 
front of the eye a triangular rufous spot; ear-coverts greyish brown, 
with nearly obsolete whitish shaft-lines; throat and centre of the 
body below dull whitish, washed with greyish brown on the sides of 
the neck and breast; the sides of the body, thighs, and under tail-
coverts fulvous-brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries tawny 
buff; quills dark brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the 
inner web. Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*9, tail 2*8, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Hob. Western Australia. 

a, b. cT ? &d, st. Australia. 
c, d. <S $ ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 

e. (S ad, st. South Australia. F. G-. Moore, Esq. [P.]. 
/. cf juv. sk. West Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.J. 
9. Malurus lamberti. 
Superb Warbler, Shaw, in Whites Voy. N. S. Wales, p. 256, fig. inf. 

{nee Lath.). 
Sylvia cyanea, Lewin, B. New Moll pi. xv. (nee Lath.). 
Malurus lamberti, Vig. §-Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 221; Gould, 

Syn. B. Austr. part i. • id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 24; Jard. 8f Selby, 
III Orn. ii. pi. 72. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 165; Bp. Consp. L 

p. 218; Beiclmib. Vog.Neuholl. pp. 100,291; Gould, Sandb. B. 
Austr. i. p. 327; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 204, no* 2882; Diggles, 
42 . MALTJBFS. 
293 

Orn. Austr. pi. 44. fig. 3 j Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S W \\ 

p. 184. 
' 
Adult male (type of species). Head deep cobalt, more brilliant 
and inclining to turquoise on the forehead and eyebrow; sides of 
neck, as well as a collar round the hind neck, deep black; middle 
of the back fine cobalt-blue; scapulars bright chestnut, generally 
overshadowing the back so as to separate the blue mantle from the 
blue back; lower back and rump velvety black; upper tail-coverts 
and tail-feathers dull blue, tipped with white, which increases in 
extent towards the outermost; wings pale brown, the primaries 
with lighter brown edges, the innermost greater coverts and secondaries 
slightly edged with rufous ; a three-cornered patch in front 
of the eye, cheeks, throat, and breast deep black; ear-coverts 
feathers in front of and round the eye, and a tuft of plumes on tho 
hinder cheeks bright turquoise-blue; feathers on the sides of tho 
breast tipped with rich purplish blue; centre of body whitish; the 
flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts sandy buff, as also the under 
wing-coverts, which are rather deeper fulvous; quills dark brown 
belowr, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web, the innermost 
secondaries margined with rufous on the inner web; " bill black ; 
feet and iris dark brown" (Gould). Total length 4*8 inches, culmen 
0-45, wing 1-95, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-9. 

Female, Has the body dull brown, the throat and under surface 
much paler • tail-feathers as in the male, but less bright; bill and 
space round the eye reddish brown ; feet brown. (Gould.) 

Hab. The whole of Australia with the exception of the Cape-
York peninsula, Port-Essington district, Tasmania, and "Western 

Australia. 
a, b, (S $. ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.], 
c. c? ad. sk.
d,e. S ? ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
(Types of species.) 
J. Gould, Esq. 
10. Malurus amabilis. 

Marulus amabilis, Gould, P. Z S.1850, p. 277; Macgill Votj. 'Rattlesnake,' 
ii. p. 356 ; Gould, B. Austr. folio, SuppL pi. 21 j id. Ilandb. 

B. Austr. l. p. 328; Gray, lland-l B. i. p. 204, no. 2884; Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. JST. S. W. ii. p. 184. 
Malurus hypoleucus, 
Gould, Ann. JV". Mist. (3) xix. p. 309 ; id. B. 
Austr. folio, Suppt. pi. 22; Gray, Mand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2880 ; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. S. W. ii. p. 207. 

Adult male. Crown of head and nape rich cobalt, the feathers 
round the eye, ear-coverts, and a tuft of long plumes on the hinder 
part of the cheeks, extending onto the sides of the neck, brighter 
and more silvery cobalt, the feathers of an enamelled texture; hind 
neck and sides of neck velvety black, succeeded by a band of deep 
cobalt-blue across the upper part of the mantle ; centre of the back 
and scapulars conspicuously chestnut-rufous; this is followed by a 
band of bright cyaneous across the lower back; the entire rump 

294 MuseiCApmze. 

velvety black• upper tail-coverts deep blue, tipped with black; tail-

feathers deep blue, tipped with white, increasing in extent towards 

the outermost, which has the outer web also white; wings brown* 

the least series of coverts edged with blue-black, the inner median 

and greater coverts, as well as the secondaries, edged with rufous ; 

feathers in front of the eye black, forming a triangular patch : 

cheeks, throat, and breast also velvety blue-black; rest of under 

surface white, slightly tinged with buff on the flanks ; under wing-

coverts and axillaries light fulvous• quills brown below, fulvescent 

along the edge of the inner web; " bill black* iris and feet dark 

brown" (Gould). Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*9, 

tail 2-4, tarsus 0-85. 

Adult female. General colour above deep blue, rather brighter 

over the eye• scapulars ashy brown, slightly washed with blue ; 

wings brown, the least and median coverts with an almost imper


ceptible wash of blue; plumes of the bastard wing slightly tipped 

wTith white, the inner greater coverts edged with light brown, the 

secondaries with whity brown, the innermost tipped with white ; 

tail deep blue, tipped broadly with white, increasing on the outer 

feathers, which are also edged with white externally, the last 

feather being wholly white along the outer web• feathers in. front 

of the eye and a ring round the latter whitish ; ear-coverts cobalt, 

brighter than the head• cheeks and entire under surface of body 

white, washed with fulvous on the breast and sides of the body ; 

thighs blackish, tipped with white; under wing-coverts fulvous ; 

quills brown below, fulvous along the edge of the inner web. Total 

length 4*9 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*9, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*85. 

Hab. Cape-York peninsula, extending as far south as Rockingham 

Bay• Gulf of Carpentaria, 

a. $',b,c. 2 ad. sk, Cape York. J. Gould, Esq. 
d9 e. <5 $ ad- sk, Cape York. Purchased. 
/. (S ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased. 
11. Malurus pulcherrimus. 
Malurus jjulclienimus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 106* id. B. Amir. 
folio, hi. pi. 23; Gh-ay, Gen. B. i, p. 65 * Bp. Consp. i. p. 218; 
Reichenb. Vo'g. Neuholl, pp. 79, 291; Gould, BLandh. B. Austr. i. 

p. 327 j Rmnsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 184. 
Malurus ceeruleicapillus, u Gould"' (nbi?); Gi*ay, Kand-l. B. L p. 204, 
no. 2883. 

Adult mcde. Crown of head and nape rich purplish blue, the sides 
of the hinder crown, sides of neck, and a collar round the latter 
velvety black, separating the crown from the back, which is purplish 
blue, slightly more lilac than the head, but almost of. the same tint 
as the latter ,* lower back and rump deep blue-black ; upper tail-
coverts and tail-feathers dull blue, the latter tipped with white, 
which increases in extent towards the outermost, which is also 
slightly edged with hoary white • wings light brown, with paler 
edges to the quills,, the primaries edged narrowly with whity brown, 

42 . MALTTRTTS. h>( some 
of the least wing-coverts and innermost secondaries BIMIUV 

edged with rufous; scapulars bright chestnut-red, extending back


wards over the back, so as to separate the blue mantle from the rest 

of the blue back; feathers in front of the eye, cheoks, throat and 

breast deep black, the sides of the latter tipped with purplish blue * 

feathers round the eye, ear-coverts, and tuft on the cheeks bright 

cobalt, deeper in tint than the crown of the head; rest of under 

surface of body creamy white; the sides of body, flanks, thighs, and 

under tail-coverts fulvous; the under wing-coverts and axillaries 

fawn-buff; quills brown below, fulvescent along the inner web * 

" bill and feet black; irides dark brown" (Gould). Total length 

4*7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1-9, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*85. 

Hab. West Australia and interior of South Australia. 

at $ ad. sk. Interior of S.Australia. Capt. Sturt [P.l. 

b. (S; Cjd. § ad. sk. West Australia. Purchased. 
e,f- 6 2 ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J, R. Elsey, Esq. [P.l 
(j. S ad. sk. Nicholson River. J.R.Elsey,Esq IPI 
h. 3 ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.] 
12. Malurus coronatas, 
Malurus coronatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 221; id. B. Austr, folio 
Suppl. pi. 20; id. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 329; Gray, JBCand-4 B i? 

p. 204, no. 2885. * 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above sandy brown 
inclining to yellowish brown on the rump ; least wing-coverts ashy 
brown, the remainder dark brown externally, edged with sandy 
brown, the primaries with whity brown; upper tail-coverts deep 
blue ; tail-feathers greenish blue, tipped with white, the latter 
increasing towards the outermost feathers, the last one having the 
outer web entirely white; crown of head beautiful lilac, with a 
large spot of black in the centre; feathers in front of and above the 
eye, sides of face, ear-coverts, and a collar round the hind neck 
black ; cheeks and nnder surface of body buffy white, inclining to 
sandy buff on the sides of the body and under wing-covorts ; quills 
dusky brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web; 
bill black; feet pale brown ; " iris brown " (Elsey). Total length 
6*5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2'25, tail 3*1, tarsus 0-95. 

Adult female. General colour above sandy brown, the crown of 
the head a little more ashy brown; least wing-coverts slightly 
washed with ashy brown, the remainder dark brown internally, externally 
sandy brown like the back, the secondaries also outwardly 
sandy brown, the primaries margined with whity brown; upper 
tail-coverts and tail blue, the rectricos tipped with white, more 
broadly on the outer ones, which are also whitish along the outer 
web; lores, eyebrow, and a ring round the eye whitish; ear-coverts 
maroon ; cheeks, throat, and centre of abdomen white ; the breast 
and sides of the body sandy buff, as well as the under wing-coverts 
and axillaries ; quills dark brown below, fulvescent along the edge 

2M\ 
aiUSCICAPIILTS. 

of the inner web. Total length 5*4 inchob, culnicn 0*5, wing 2, tail 
2*7, tarsus 0*9. 
JIah. N.W. Australia. 

a,b. <$ $ ad sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elaey, Esq. [P.]. 
(Types of species.) 

c. $ ad. sk, Robinson's River, N.W. Aus- J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
tralia. 
13. Malurus melanocephalus. 
Malurus melanocephalns, 
Vig. $* Morsf. Tr. Linn, Soc. xv. p. 222; 
Gould, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 20; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 165; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 219; Reichenb, Vog. Neutioll pj). 101, 291; Gould, 
Handb. B. Austr. i, p. 333; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. S. W. ii. 

p. 184. 
Malurus browni, Jard. 8f Selby, III Orn. ii. pi. 72 (nee V. fyH.). 
Malurus dorsalis, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 204, no. 2887. 
Adult male. General colour above scarlet-vermilion; wing-coverts 
velvety black; quills dark brown, edged with paler brown; upper 
tail-coverts black; tail-feathers blackish, edged with lighter brown 
near the base; head and nock all round as well as the entire under 
surface of body velvety black, the lower flanks mixed with fulvousbrown, 
as also the lower abdomen and thighs ; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries light fulvous; quills dusky brown below, fulvescent 
along the edge of the inner web ; " bill black; feet fleshy brown; 
iris blackish brown?' (Gould). Total length 4*8 inches, culmen 0*4, 
wing 1*7, tail 1*9, tarsus 0-75. 

Adult female. General colour above brown, a little dingier on the 
crown; wings dark brown, more rufoscent on the edges of the 
secondaries, the primaries margined with whity brown * tail-feathers 
dark brown, the outermost feather edged and tipped with fulvousbrown 
; ear-coverts and sides of face dark brown, with shaft-lines 
of whity brown • feathers round the eye and lores whitish or fulvous 
; under surface of body buffy white • the flanks fulvous, the 
thighs brown; under wing-coverts fulvous, quills dark brown 
below ; " bill brown; base of under mandible reddish brown • feet 
flash-brown " (Gould). Total length 4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 
1*75, tail 1*9, tarsus 0*8. 

Hob. South Australia and Eastern Australia, as high as Rockingham 
Bay. 

a, b. <S $ ad. sk. Australia. 

c. cT ad.; d. c? juv. st. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. 
<?,/. $ ad. sk. Australia. J, Gould, Esq, 
14. Malurus dorsalis* 
Sylvia dorsalis, Lewin, B. New Roll. pi. 14. 
Malurus brownii, Vig. § Hbrsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 223; Gould, B. 
Austr. iii. pi. 27; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 165; Bp. Cons]). I p. 219; 

42 , MAUJRUH. 
H\\J 

liekhciib. Vb</, Neuholl pp. 102, 201; Gray. Haml-l B, i, p, :>()1. 
no. 2888; Rammy, Pr. Linn. Hoe. K S. IV. ii. p. 184 
Maiurus cruentatus, Gould, V.Z.S. 1830, p. 143; id. Ilamlh. lit 
Austr. i. p. .134, 

Adult male. General colour above dark crimson; wing-eoverfH 
and inner secondaries velvety black; remainder of tlio quills dark 
brown, externally edged with whity brown ; upper tail-coverts and 
tail-feathers black; head and neck all round, as well as the entire 
under surface velvety black, including the under wing-coverts and 
axillaries; quills blackish below, lighter along the edge of the inner 
web; abill black; legs fleshy brown" (J. Gould). Total length 
3-4 inches, culraen 0-4, wing 1*55, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Uniform light brown, tho abdomen inclining to white; 
bill and feet light brown. {Gould.) 

Obs. The type of M. broivni in the Museum, scarcely equals in intensity 
the blood-red or crimson colouring of the Port-Essington and 
N.W.-Australian birds; and it seems that there may be possibly three 
species of red-backed Maluri, differing only in the intensity of the 
colouring of the back. The oldest name for the crimson-baeked 
species, the M. cruentatus of Gould, is certainly the Sylvia dorsalis 
of Lewin. 

Hah. Northern and Forth-eastern Australia, as far south as 
Rockingham Bay. 

a. cJ ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
(Type of M. broumi). 
b. tf imm. sk. Australia. Sir 1\ Mitchell [P.], 
c. d. <$; e,f. J ad.sk. Port Essington. Capt, W. Chambers [P.]. 
g- ? ad. sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.], 
h,i,k, (S ad. j lf in. § ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
n. <$ ad. sk. Gilbert JRiver. J. R. Elsey, Esq, [P.]. 
15. Maiurus albiscapulatus. 
Maiurus alboscapulatus, 
Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wim, Ixix. p. 406; 
Salvad. Ann. Mtts. Ohio. Genov. vii. p. 778, ix. p. 30; Gould, B. 
Keto Guinea, part iv.; Sharpe, Pr. Linn. Soo. xiii. pp. 315, 494. 

Adult General colour blue-black, of a velvety texture; scapulars 
pure white, forming a conspicuous white patch on each side of the 
back; wing-coverts velvety black, like the back; quills and tail-
feathers black, edged with velvety black; entire under surface of 
body velvety blue-black, with a little white tuft of feathers on the 
sides of the upper breast, continuous with the white scapular patch. 
Total length 4*1 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 1-8, tail 1-85, tarsus 0*75, 

Hah. North-western and South-eastern Few Guinea, 


VOL. IV. 

MUSCICAPID^. 

43. EKYTHROCEKCUS. 
Type. 
Erythrocercus, Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 97 (1857) E. maccalli. 

Bill of Erythrocercus maccalli. 

Range. Confined to Africa. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Head rufous, streaked with white; upper surface of 
body grey maccalli, p. 298. 
b. Head ashy grey; upper surface of body olive-
yellow livingstonii, p. 298. 
1. Erythrocercus maccalli. (Plate IX. fig. 1.) 
Pycnosphrys maccallii, Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1855, p. 326. 
Erythrocercus maccallii, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 97; Cass. Proc. 
Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51; Hartl. J.f O. 1861, p. 170; Finsch # 
Hartl. Voq. Ostafr. p. 303; Shai-pe § Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. 
France, 1877, p. 479. 
Muscicapa m'callii, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4853. 
Adult female. General colour above ashy grey, slightly more rufescent 
on the lower back, the upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers 
bright chestnut; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and 
the quills browner, with ashy brown edgings; crown of head chestnut, 
with white mesial streaks to the feathers, the lores fawncolour; 
feathers round and below the eye chestnut; ear-coverts 
ashy grey, like the hinder crown and sides of neck, the latter with 
buffy-white bases to the feathers; cheeks, throat, and fore neck 
fawn-buff; rest of under surface buffy whitish, the thighs browner; 
under wing-coverts pale fawn-colour, as also the edgings to the 
quills below. Total length 4*1 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 1*85, 
tail 1*95, tarsus 0*6. 
Hab. Camma and Moonda Rivers, Gaboon, and the Congo. 


a. J ad. sk. Grande, Congo. Dr. Lucan and M. Petit [C.]. 
2. Erythrocercus livingstonii. (Plate IX. fig. 2.) 
Muscicapa, n. sp., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4854, unde. 
Erythrocercus livingstonii, Finsch $• Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 303 {ex 
Gray, MSS. in Mus. Brit.). 
Adult (type of species). Crown of head ashy grey; general colour 
above olive-yellow; the rump and upper tail-coverts bright tawny 
rufous; the tail chestnut, with yellowish margins near the base of 
the feathers; wing-coverts light brown, with yellowish margins; 
quills dark brown, also margined with yellow; lores, cheeks, and 

44 . TKO0HO01H0U8, 
299 

chin white; ear-coverts light ashy; rest of under surface of body 
bright yellow, slightly washed with fulvous on the under tail-
coverts ; under wing-coverts bright yellow, the greater series white 
Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 1*75, tail 1-9, tarsus 0'6. 

Hob. South-eastern Africa. 
a. Ad. sk. Zambesi. Dr. Livingstone [0.]. 
(Type ot species.) 
44. TROCHOCERCUS. 
Trochocercus, Cab. Mas. Hein. i. p. 58 (1850)
Typo. 
T. cyanouielas, 

M 


Head of Trochocercus cyanomelas, to show crest. 
Range. Confined to Africa. 


Key to the Species. 

a. Tail blackish, the feathers edged with grey. 
a'. Inner greater coverts and inner secondaries pure 
white, forming a distinct patch; back grey; 
breast white; sides of body grey . cyanomelas, p. 299. 

b\ 
No white at all on the wing; back glossy bluish 
black; abdomen light cinereous ". nitens, p. 300. 


b. Tail chestnut, as also the wings; throat and breast 
grey, shading off into white on the abdomen and 
unoter tail-coverts borbonicus, p. 302. 
1. Trochocercus cyanomelas. 
Le Gobe-mouche mantels, Zevaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 5, pi. 151. figs. 
1, 2 ; Sundev. Crit. om Zevaill. p. 41. 
Muscicapa cyanomelas, Vieill. N. Diet. aVIlist. Nat. xxi. p. 473 j 

Grill. Zool. Anteckn. p. 26, no. 20. 
Muscicapa scapularis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 112. 
Tchitrea cyanomelas, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 200; Layard, B. S. Afr. 

p. 146; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5029. 
Philentoma cyanomelas, Bp. Consp. i. p. 324. 
Trochocercus cyanomelas, Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 58 ; Sharps, ed. 
Layarfts B. S. Afr. p. 354, no. 341. 
Tchitrea cyanomelaena, Gurney, Ibis, 18(32, p. 30. 
Terpsiphone cyanomelas, Finseh $ Hartl.oy. Ostafr. p. 312, note ; 

Sharps, Cat. Afr. B. p. 44, no. 413. 
Adult male. General colour above light grey, with a bluish gloss ; 

x2 

MUSCIOAPID-E. 

300 

head crested, bright steel-green, as also the sides of the head and 
the throa ridos°of neck grey, !*>-<* ™ * steel-green ; lesser and 
median wing-coverts dark grey, glossed with steel-green; greater 
series black^ slightly edged with greenish and narrowly tipped with 
white, the innermost of this series white on the outer web, forming 
a conspicuous white longitudinal patch with the innermost secondaries, 
which are entirely pure white aU the rest of the quills blackish 
; bul blackish, undulated with dusky under certain lights the 
outer webs of the feathers washed with grey; under surface of body 
white, the bases of all the feathers greyish, the flanks also djghflj 
washed with grey; under wing-coverts and axillaris white, the 
outermost coverts.and the edge of the wing grey ; " bill tarn, and 
feet slate-colour; iris dusky" {FA. Barratt) Total length, 5-2 
inohes culmen 0-5, wing 2-6, taU 3-1, tarsus 0-/. 
Adul'fZle. DiffersDfrom the male in having the back washed 
irirti' olive-brown as also the sides of the face; crown of head 
3&Stested"an d metallic greyish steel-blue; lores and cheeks 
whitish, mottled with grey bases to the feathers; under surface ot 
body white, the flanks washed with olive-brown; the throat also 
whiteTmottled with greyish bases to its feathers. Total length 5-8 
inches wing 2-6, tail 3-1, tarsus 0-7. 
F w Olive-brown above; the greater wing-coverts broadly 
tipped with ochraceons, as also the secondaries; quills and tad dark 
brown: crown greyish, without any perceptible gloss; under surface 
of body whitish, the breast and flanks washed with brown, the 
throat mottled with dusky bases to the feathers. 

Hub. South Africa. 

a. Juv.sk. George, South Africa R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(H. At more). _ 
b e d. d ad. sk. Knysna, Feb. 1866 (G J. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
A)lcl3T'SS0)l) 

e Q ad. sk. Knysna, Dec. 17, 1805 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

(C.J. Anderssori). 
f Q iuv sk. Knysna, Feb. 2, 1866 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
* (C.J.Andersswi). p rnl 
a 9ad.sk. Knysna. _ O. J. Andersson,Esq [O.]. 
}i S ad. sk. Peri Bush near King- Lieut. Trevelyan [P.]. 
williamstown. 
i Juv. sk. Near King williamstown. Lieut. Anstey [P.]. 
i Ta d sk. MacamacrSept. 22,1874. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.]. 

S°C

| ad. sk. Natal. ^T*\ y* 

m. dad. st. Natal. Purchased. 
2. Trochocercus nitens*. 
Trochocercus nitens, Cassin, Proc. PMadA*ad'.I860, p .50; id. 
Journ. Acad. Philad. 2nd series, vol. iv. 4to, p. 325, pi. 60. ng. 4; 

* TROCHOCERCUS, sp. 
Trochocercus ?, Cassin, Pr. Phil. Acad. 1859, p. 51. 
"Several specimens of young birds from the Camma seem to indicate a third 

44. THOCH0CERCU8. 
France, 18/ (3, p. 45 ; J^a^^ 0m. ^ ^ m 
Tchitrea nitens, Gray, Hancl-l. JS, p. 834 no 5030 
Terpsiphone nitens, f*«"* * J5T«r^. Vog, Ostafr. p.'312, note. 
Terpsipione atrochalybea $ ^ ^ ^ 18/4, A l ( ^ Thomson). 
Terpsiphone nignnutrata, Xetrfkenow, J-.f Q, l^4 p^10 (t ex;_ 

JMltfnaJe. General colour above glossy steel-black; quills and 
tail black, edged ^t h the same colour as the back; sides of face, 
sides of neck, throat, and fore neck glossy steel-black; rest of under 
surface light slaty grey, as also the undor wing-coverts • thiffhs 
dusky brown ; quills blackish below, lighter brown along the odae 
of the inner web. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*6 win* »% 
tail 2*9, tarsus 0-65. ' * ' 

Bill and foot of 7'roehocercus m'fms. 

Adult female. Top of head (o r crest) only glossy black as in the 

species of this group larger than either T. ci/anomelas or T. nitens. Young of 
both sexes resemble the females of bot h the species just mentioned, but are of 
darker cinereous, and like them have the crest only black. The bill is larger and 
more depressed. I do not regard it a.s expedient to propose a new specific designation 
in this difficult family, without having adult specimens." (Cassin, I. c.) 

* Dr. Peters was so kind as to send me for examination the types of Dr. 
Reichenows' T. mgrimitrata ; and in th e absence of typical specimens of Trochocercus 
nifens, I was inclined to consider them quite a distinct species. During 
a recent visit, however, to IJeiden, I found several birds from the Gold Coast 
agreeing with Dr. Heichenow's specimens, and identified in that collection as 2\ 
nitens of Cassin. On re-examining the subject I consider this identification 
correct, and I also identify with the same species three specimens which 1 had 
before determined as the female of Terpsipione atrochalybea. At the same time 
I give a description of the types lent me by Dr. Peters, and should add that the 
woodcuts which accompany this article are drawn from the Berlin specimens. 
Male (type of species). General colour above slaty blue, as also an eyebrow, 
sides of head, and under surface of body ; the lower parts rather lighter 
and more greyish blue ; entire crown of head black, forming a cap ; least wing-
coverts slaty blue like the back, the remainder of the coverts and the quills dark 
sepia-brown, with a n obscure edging of slaty blue on some of the coverts and 
inner secondaries ; tail-feathers blackish ; bill'black ; feet blue; iris dark. Total 
length 55 inches, culmen 055, wing 2-55, tail 25, tarsus 07. (Mm. Berol.) 

Adult female. Differs from the in ale in being ashy blackish above, with a 
greenish gloss, the crown dusky black ; below ashy whitish, as also the lores and 
eyebrow; sides of face and neck ashy whitish, the ear-coverts dull blackish. 
fotal length 55 inches, culmen 0'55, wing 2'4, tail 25, tarsus 0'6. 

MTTBCICAPIDJS. 

m 

male; back and other upper parts dark cinereous (without lustre); 

wings and tail ashy black. Entire underparts light cinereous, 

darker on the throat and breast, and very pale on the abdomen; 

under wing-coverts light ashy, nearly white. (Cassin, I. c.) 

Besides the three specimens in the British Museum, I lately 

observed four others in the Leiden collection, three males and a 

female. The latter answered to the description given by Cassin. 

The measurements were as follows:—Total length 5 inches, culmen 

0-55, wing 2-3, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*6. 

Hab. West Africa; Gold Coast to the Congo. 

a, b. Ad. ak. Fantee (II. T. Ussher). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

c. Ad. sk. Fantee (Aubinn). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
3. Trochocercus borbonicus. 
Le Gobe-mouche hupe de l'isle de Bourbon, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 420; 

pi. 39.fig. 2; Daubent PL Bnl v. pi. 573. tig. 1. 
Muscicapa bourbonnensis, P. L. S. MiilL, 8. N. Anhang, p. 171. 
Bourbon Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. 8yn. ii. p. 330. 
Muscicapa borbonica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 939. 
Platyrhynchus borbonicus, VieilL N. Diet. d'Hist Nat. xxvii. p. 13. 
Tchitrea borbonica, Less. Bev. Zool. 1838, p. 278; Blyth, Cat. B. Mm, 

A. 8. B. p. 204; Marti Faun. Maday. p. 40 ; SoM. P.Z. 8. 1806, 
p. 422; E. Neivt Ibis, 1861, p. 271. 
Muscipeta borbonica, Bp. Consp. i. p. 325; 8chl. <§• Poll. Faune 
Madag. p. 78, pi. 22. 
Terpsiphone borbonica, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57; Heuql. Orn, 
NO.-Afr. p. 440, note; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 176. 
Adult. General colour above deep chestnut, the wing-coverts like 
the back; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black, the 
latter narrowly edged with chestnut, the secondaries more broadly, 
the innermost entirely chestnut, excepting a mesial blackish shade : 
tail chestnut; head and neck glossy purplish black, extending 
slightly upon the mantle ; sides of face and ear-coverts glossyr black, 

with a faint steel-green gloss; under surface of body dark slaty grey, 
lighter on the sides, the flanks slightly washed with rufous ; lower abdomen, 
thighs, and under tail-coverts white; under wing-covcrts and 
axillaries white, with a faint reddish blush; edge of wing slaty grey, 
quills ashy brown below, reddish along the edge of the inner web, 
broader on the inner secondaries; bill and feet blackish; iris dusky. 
Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-9, tail 2*9, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the head and hind 
neck grey, glossed with steel-blue on the crown ; ear-eoverts dark 
ashy; throat and underparts generally lighter grey than in the 
male, the vent and under tail-coverts white. Total length 5*9 
inches, eulm«n 0*5, wing 2*75, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*7. 

Nestling. Entirely dark cinnamon above, below paler, the belly 
whiter, the chest-feathers with white shaft-streaks; tail-feathers 
cinnamon-brown, darker brown at base; wing-coverts and quills 
blackish brown, broadly edged with rufous. (Mus. A. $ E. Newton.) 

Hah. Islands of Mauritius and Bourbon. 
a, b, c* Ad, sk- Mauritius (Beimher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 

45 . EHIPIDTJKA. 
im 

45. 
BHIPIDURA* 
Typo. 
Ehipidura, Vigors 8f Mors/. Tr.Linn. Soc. xv. p. 247 (1825) R. albiscapa 
Leucocirea, Swains. Monogr, Fhjc.j>. 120 (1837) R. tricolor 
Sauloprocta, Cahanis, Mm, Jlein. Th. i. p. 57 (1850) U, tricolor.* 

Range. From India and Ceylon, through the Burmose countries 

to the Malayan peninsula, extending over the whole of the Malayan 

archipelago, Australia, and Oceania. 

Obs. Under this generic name several apparent subgenera are in


cluded, as they appear to have no certain characters by which Ihey 

could be easily told. Between such species as IL tricolor and 1L fitlj


(jinosa there is, at first sight, a great difference in the head, the former 

having a stout bill with comparatively few rictal bristles, while the 

latter has a weak bill with numerous rictal bristles surpassing iho 

bill in length. But between these two forms every possible grada


tion is found as regards the number of rictal bristles and strength of 

bill. I have therefore kept the species of Bhipidara in one genus 

containing sections not deemed worthy even of subgeneric separation. 

Key to the Species f. 

a. Three or more outer tail-feathers with entirely 
white or creamy white shafts. 
a'. Centre tail-feathers with white shafts 
like the others. 
a". Inner web of tail-feathers entirely whitish, 
the outer one dark brown ... . Jtabellifera, p. #08. 
V \ Inner web of tail-feathers dark brown 

like the outer, but edged with white 

on the inner margin of the feathers; 

entire inner web never entirely white bulgeri, p. 300. 

h'. Two centre tail-feathers with brown 

shafts, the rest with white ones. 

c". Under surface ochraceous buff, the 
breast uniform; throat white, with a 
black or grey patch on lower portion. 


*>: Throat-^ Hack jSESfffi


* The following bird has been placed in the genus Rhipidura:— 
MUSCICAFA OCHRACEA. 

Muscieapa ochracea, Sjparrm. Mus, Carlss. i. pi. 22; Sundev. Crit. om 

Bparrm. p. G. 

Oampephaga ochracea, Vieill. N. Diet. x. p. 50. 

Ehipidura ochracea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 332, 

no. 4990. 

A species said to have been found at the Cape of G-ood Hope, but certainly 
not a Muscicapine bird. Prof. Sunclevall thinks that it may be intended for a, 
young Promerops coffer of which the bill has been broken. It looks something 
like a badfigure of a Crateropus. 

t The forms included in this genus are so varied that it has been found very 
difficult to construct a diagnostic table which should represent them in their 
natural order. The present arrangement in the key is somewhat artificial, and 
is written with a view to the easy deciphering of the species. 

304 
MTJSCICAPID2E. 

b'". Throat-mark dark grey. 
a1. Back dull grey brenchkyi, p. 311. 
IK Back olive-brown pehelni^. 312. 

d". Under surface of body mottled, the feathers 
of the breast black, broadly 
edged with white, producing a scaly 
appearance; belly light brownish 
buff. 


c'". Throat entirely white vetreauxi, p. 312. 
d'". Throat white, broadly edged with 
black spilodera, p. 313. 

e". Belly dull ochraceous hn% the breast 
dusky dull ashy brown; throat 
black, with obscure hoary margins.. nebulosity p. 315. 

b. 
Outer tail-feathers with rufous-brown or 
blackish shafts, not wThite for their whole 
length ; a white shaft, when present, only 
conterminous with the white tips to the 
outer feathers. 
c\ Upper tail-coverts cinnamon-rufous, like 
the lower back and rump. 


/" . Tail brown or greyish brown, tipped 
with white, more or less rufous at 
base. 


e'". With a large patch of black on the 
fore neck or lower throat. 
c\ Frontal plumes and eyebrow white. 


aK Head and neck ashy brown, 
contrasting with the cinnamon 
back; breast scaly, the feathers 
black, edged with white ... . squamata, p. 31S, 

b\ Head and neck cinnamon, like 
the back j breast uniform 
white elegantula, p. 319. 

dK Frontal plumes and eyebrow 
rufous. 


cr>. Bases of centre tail-feathers 
rufous for nearly two thirds of 
their length j fore neck scaled 
in appearance, the feathers 
black, broadly edged with 
white. 

a\ 
Head and neck brown ... . \ "ifiJ™*> P- «£; 
j versicolor, p. 320. 

bQ 

. Head and neck cinnamon, like 
the rest of the upper surface semirubra, p. 321. 

d\ Tail ashy brown, slightly washed 
with rufous near the base, the 
centre tail-feathers like the 
others; fore neck not mottled, 
being uniform light fulvous. 


cB, Head and mantle brown ; 
lower back, rump, and upper 
tail - coverts rufous ; ear-
coverts black semicollaris, p. 321. 

db 

. Mantle and head browner, 

45. BHIPIDURA. 
305 

leaving only the rump and 
upper tail-coverts rufous; 
ear-coverts brown dryas, p. 322. 

/'". With no black at all on the fore 
neck or throat, which is fulvescent 
like the sides of the body 
and under tail-coverts ; tail 
ashy brown, tipped with white.. rujidorsa, p. 322. 


(/". Tail brown, tipped with cinnamon. 

//". Smaller j culmen 0*4 inch: with no 
black jugular collar; under surface 
of body cinnamon-buff, 
deepening on the flanks and under 
tail-coverts; no white on throat 


and chest rufa, p. 323. 

ti", Larger; culmen 0*6 inch: belly 
cinnamon ; throat and chest 
white, with a broad j ugular collar 
of black hpida, p. 322. 


h". Outer tail-feathers cinnamon, the centre 
ones black for their entire length. 


i'". Entire back cinnamon, the head 
slightly browmer only; below 
paler cinnamon, more fulvous on 
the throat , brachyrhyncha J , p. 310. 

k'". Head and mantle greyish blue, contrasting 
with the lower back and 
rump, which are cinnamon; 
throat and chest also greyish 
blue, contrasting with the pale 
cinnamon-buff abdomen. 


eK Belly pale cinnamon-buff. cyankeps, p. 323. 
fK Belly white albiventris, p. 324. 
i". I'ail entirely cinnamon or chestnut .. phcenicura, p. 324. 


d'. Upper tail-coverts brown, or grey, or 
black, never rufous, and agreeing 
generally with the rest of the 
back. 

k". With fuliginous or black under tail-
coverts, always uniform. 
I'". With uniform chest, not spotted 
with white, 
gi. Tail-feathers broadly tipped with 
white. 


es. Centre of throat white; chin 
black; bill narrow, entirely 
black albicolliSf p. 317. 

fs 

. Centre of throat black, the chin 
and sides of throat white ; bill 
broader, the lower mandible 
yellow with a blackish tip.... mamlipectiis juv., p. 326. 

hK Tail-feathers not tipped with 
white. 


<75, No white over the eye; under 
surface of body chocolate ; 
throat deep ashy fidiginosa, p. 316. 

MTJSCICAPIDiE. 

7i5. Over the eye a white spot. 
eG. Under surface of body black, 
including tlie throat brachyrhyncha <$, p. 316. 

fQ. Under surface of body brown, 
like the upper, inclining to 
black on the rump and abdomen 
and both series of 
tail-coverts; throat white.. threnotkomx juv., p. 32-5. 

m'". Chest guttate, with numerous large 
ovate spots of white. 
%K Centre of breast and abdomen 
blackish or dark ashy. 


P. Above brown; throat white; tail 
uniform, not tipped with white, threnothoi-ax ad., p. 325. 
k5. Above black j throat black in 
the centre ; tail - feathers 
broadly tipped with white.... maeulipecius, p. 326. 

kK Centre of breast and abdomen 
white; tail-feathers tipped with 
white leueothorax, p. 327. 

I", Under tail-coverts white, or ochraceous, 
or cinnamon, never entirely dusky or 
black, sometimes white with blackish 
bases. 

n"\ Thorax white, separated from the 
abdomen by a broad pectoral collar 
of slaty grey or ashy brown, 
generally with white streaks or 
spots. 


IK Inner secondaries not edged with 
white. 


P. Tail-feathers not broadly tipped 
with white; breast guttate, with 
distinct oval spots of white. 
g*. Belly and under tail-coverts 
deep ochraceous buff or cinnamon 
,• outermost tail-
feather edged with whitish 
along the outer web bounwnm, p. 327. 

h6. Belly and under tail-coverts 
white j tail entirely uniform, 
with no white tips or edges 
to any of the feathers einerea, p. 328. 

m\ 
Tail-feathers broadly tipped 
with white; breast almost 
uniform, with a few white 
spots or streaks half concealed. 


it; 

. Breast smoky ash-grey j belly 
and under tail-coverts pale 
ochraceous buff. 


a7. Outer tail-feathers broadly 
tipped and edged with 
white tetoM, p. 329. 

b\ Outer tail-feathers broadly 
edged and tipped with 
smoky buff amimlis, p. 330. 

45. BHIPIDTTIU. 
lb Breast slaty black with wliito 
ovate streaks; outer tail-
feather white at tip for less 
than a third of its length; 
penultimate feather tipped 
with white kordensis, p. 330. 

l(\ Breast slaty grey, streaked 
with concealed lines of white; 
outermost tail-feather white 
for about half its length; 
penultimate one broadly, and 
third one minutely spotted 
with white vidua, p. 331. 

ml. Inner secondares broadly edged 
with white, forming a bar down 
the wing; tail-feathers uniform, 
not tipped with white obiemis, p. 331. 

o'". Throat white, separated from the 
white breast by a rather narrow 
black collar. 

nl. Tail black below, broadly tipped 
with white. 
w5. White tips to outer tail-feathers 
0*8 inch javtmica, p. 332. 
o\ White tips to outer tail-feathers 
1"1 inch nigritorquis, p. 334. 

o4. Tail brown, gradually paler on 
the outer feathers, and becoming 
white at the tips pectoralts, p.335. 

p"'. Throat white; breast fulvous or 
buffy white, longitudinally streaked 
with dark brown. 

pK Back smoky brown; head more 
ashy; sides of body brown; 
entire breast and abdomen 
streaked with blackish; under 
wing-coverts brown layardi, p. 330. 


qK Back rufous, as also sides of body 
and under wing-coverts. 


jj\ Head darker brown, contrasting 
with the back; streaks on 
chest broad, not extending to 
the lower breast or abdomen; 
thighs rufous-brown, darker 
than the flanks erythronota, p. 337. 

q\ Head rufous-brown like the 
back; thighs rufous like the 
flanks; throat and fore neck 
white, marked with small triangular 
dusky streaks, a little 
larger on the chest mjilaieralis, p. 337, 

q'". Throat white; breast uniform. 
rK Under tail-coverts ochraceous 
buff or pale cinnamon. 
r\ Quills uniform brown; tips to 
outer tail-feathers white ... . rufiventris, p 331. 

308 MTTSCICAPIDJ3. 

s\ Quills externally rufous; outer 
tail - feathers light smoky 
brown, paler on the outer web diluta. p. 332. 

si. Under tail-coverts -white with 
black bases; belly dark slatecolour, 
like the breast, which 
has the centre feathers broadly 
tipped with white altylimbata, p. 315. 

, Throat black; chin and cheeks 
white. 


lK Under surface of body whitish in 
the centre ; flanks ashy brown ; 
forehead black, like the throat; 
chest scaled, the feathers being , £w^ny p gi^ 

black, edged with white \permiata}^ SU. 
iK Under surface of body bright 
orange-rufous, uniform from the 
black throat downwards hyperyihra, p. 338. 
Throat white, with a black jugular 
patch; forehead and eyebrow 
white; coverts tipped with triangular 
spots of white; under 
surface of body, from the throat 
downwards, pure white alhifrontata, p. 338. 
Throat black. 
*l. Tail-feathers tipped with white. 
t\ Upper surface chocolate-brown, 
the upper tail-coverts a little 
more rufous; sides of face and 
throat black, uniform j fore neck 
and chest scaly, the feathers 
black with broad white margins 
melanoi€&?na, p. 313. 
w5. Upper surface dark bluish grey, 
the upper tail-coverts blac£; 
cheeks, throat, and breast slaty 
grey, spotted with white, 
minutely on the two former, 
on the breast with large ovate 
spots of white perlata, p. 328. 

4. Tail-feathers entirely black; no 
spots on the fore neck or sides 
of neck; upper surface and 
throat jet-black t?"kolor, p. 339. 
1. RMpidura flalbellifera. 
Fan-tailed Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii pt. 1, p. 340, pi. 49. 
Muscicapa flabellifera, Ghn. 8. JV. i. p. 493 (ex Lath.). 
Rhipidura flabellifera, Gray in Dteffenb. Trav. N. Zeal n. App. p. 190; 


id. Voy. Erebus § Terror, p. 8, pi. 6. fig. 2; id. Gen. B. i. p. 258; 
Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 323; Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 225; Belt. Beis. Nomra, 
Voy. p. 76; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 155; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 3SO, 
no. 4953; Fmsch, J.f.O.1872, p. 164, et 1874, p. 100; Butter, B. 
K Zeal p. 143; Shatpe, Voy. Brebus fy Terror, Birds} App. p. 26, 

45. BHIPIDURA. 
3<M) 

Rhipidura flabellifurme, Ifo?nbr. etJ. Voy.Pole Slid, Atlas, pl.ll.fi<r.4. 
Muscieapa ventilabrum, Forster, Icon, ined. G; id. Beser. A)rim.y?S(it 
Rhipidura aiblseapa, Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 150 (nee Gould). 

Adult male. Above ashy brown, with a slight olive-brown shade • 
the upper tail-coverts dark slate-colour ; crown of head, lores and 
sides of face dark slaty brown, with a broad white streak above the 
eye ; wings brown, the median and greater coverts with small white 
apical spots, the secondaries slightly shaded with ashy, the innermost 
narrowly edged with whitish; two centre tail-feathers brown 
the rest of the feathers white on the inner web, brown on the outer' 
the two outside feathers shaded with light brown on the inner web' 
the outermost feathers white on both webs, shaded with brown on 
the inner web, the shafts of all the feathers white; cheeks and throat 
dull white ; lower throat blackish, the feathers margined with li^ht 
ochre where they adjoin the fore neck ; rest of under surface of bodv 
ochraceous buff; under tail-coverts white; thighs brown; under 
wing-coverts whitish, with ashy bases to the feathers ; " bill black • 
feet blackish brown ; iris black " (Bidler). Total length 6 inches' 
culmen 0*4, wing 3*95, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*75. 

Obs. Two birds from the Bay of Islands at the north of North 
Island, New Zealand, are paler than the rest of the birds in the 
Museum, and differ as much as Tasmanian Pantail .Flycatchers do 
from Australian. 

Young. Has the ashy brown of the back shaded with rufous; the 
wing-coverts tipped with pale rufous; under surface of body tawny; 
sides of face and throat dusky ashy; eyebrow tawny; tail-feathers 
more shaded with brown than in the adult. 

Hal. New Zealand, 

a, h. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Colonial Museum. 

c. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Dr. Sinclair [P.], 
d. Ad.; e. Juv. sk. New Zealand (F. Oapt. Stokes, R.N. [P.]. 
Strange). 
f. Juv. sk. New Zealand. Purchased. 
g. Ad.; h. Juv. sk. Bay of Islands. Lieut. A. Smith [P]. 
i. Ad. sk. Bay of Islands. Antarctic Expedition [0.]. 
2. Ehipidura bulgeri. 
Rhipidura albiscapa (nee Gould), Verr. et Des Mw*s, Mev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1860, p. 392 ; Marie, Actes Soe. Linn. Bordeaux, xxviL p. 327. 
Rhipidura biugeri, Layard, Ibis, 1877, p. 361. 

Adult male. General colour above -dull slaty brown, uniform on 
the upper surface, the upper tail-coverts darker and more blackish 
slate-colour; tail-feathers ashy brown, all with conspicuous white 
shafts, the outer ones tipped and broadly edged with white along 
their inner webs; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series 
minutely tipped with white; quills brown, the inner secondaries 
with an obsolete whitish edging; loral plumes mottled with white 
bases; feathers in front of the eye and below it dusky blackish, as also 
the ear-coverts; above the fore part of the eye a white spot, and 


310 
MTTS0I0APID.E. 

another behind the eye, running above the ear-coverts; chin and 

cheeks white; across the throat a dusky greyish band, extending 

upon the sides of the neck; rest of under surface of body light ochra


ceous buff, the feathers of the upper breast edged with grey; thighs 

brown ; under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts like the breast, 

the greater series tipped with white, all with dusky bases; quills 

brown below, whity brown along the inner webs. Total length 

5*3 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2-6, tail 3*1, tarsus 0-65. 

Rah. New Caledonia. 

«» &• 6 2 ad« sk. Port de France, New Gale- Julius Brenchlfy, 
donia, Oct. 1865. Esq. [P.]


3. Bhipidura albiscapa*. 
Khipidura flabellifera (wee Gm.), Vig.fy Horsf. Tr. Linn, Soc. xx*. 
p. 247; Swains. Monogr. Flye. p. 124, pi. 10. 
Khipidura albiscapa, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 113; Gray, Gen, B. 
i. -D. 258; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57; Bp. Consp. i. p. 82;J; 
Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. p. 154; Gould, Kan&h. B. Austr. i. p. 233; 
Gray, JBxmd-L B. i. p. 3B0, no. 4955; Bigglesy Orn. Austr, pi. 30. 
%. 2; Bamsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182. 
Adult male. Greneral colour above ashy brown, head with a slightly 
blacker shade; lores and sides of face blackish brown; over the eye 
a broad line of white; a second short line of white above the ear-
coverts, not continuous with the above-mentioned one; least wing-
coverts ashy brown, like the back ; greater and median coverts dark 
brown, tipped with white; primary-coverts and primaries brown, 
the inner secondaries edged with white; upper tail-coverts and tail 
brown, with a slight ashy shade, the two centre tail-feathers with 
brown shafts, the rest with conspicuous white shafts, the ends of 
the feathers white, extending up the inner webs and along the outer 
web of the outermost feather; cheeks and throat white; lower 
throat black; rest of under surface light ochraceous buff, the 
sides of the breast ashy grey, like the sides of the neck; under 
tail-coverts white, the longer ones brown with white tips ; thighs 
brown; under wing-coverts whitish, slightly washed with ochraceous, 
with brown bases ; axillaries brown, edged with ochraceous ; 
" bill and feet brownish black; iris black " (J. Gould). Total length 
6 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 2*75, tail 3*4, tarsus 0-7. 

Adult female, Similar to the male. Total length 5-8 inches, wing 
2-8, tail 3-4, tarsus 0*6. 

Hah. East and South Australia. 

* 
RHIPIDUEA PREISSI. 
Khipidura preissi, Cab. Mus. Bern. Th. i. p. 57; Gould, Bandb. B. Amtr. 
i. p. 240; Gray, Band4. B. i. p. 331, no. 4972; Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc 
MS. JF.iip. 182. 
Hab. Western Australia. 
This species is described as being allied to B. albiscapa, but differing princi


pally in the absence of the black breast-band. This is one of the chief characters 
of B. pelsehi, and it will be interesting to compare the two species. 

45 . RHIFIDtTKA. 
:MI 

n* Ad. sk. Australia. E. Doubleclav, Km I V 

b. Acl.sk Australia. J' *'' ' 
c-> d-6 2 ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [I\ l 
*. Juv. sk. Australia. 
4. Rhipidura saturata. 
Rhipidura albiscapa, 6WZc?, I?. Austr, folio, ii. pi. 83 (pt.). 
Rhipidura albiscapa, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 206 (nee Gould). 


Similar to JR. albiscapa of Australia, but rather larger, and everywhere 
much darker, the head blacker, the sides of the neck and 
throat-collar deeper black, and the entire under surface richer orangefulvous 
; tail blackish, the outer webs and tips of the external feathers 
smoky brown, dull white towards the base of the outer web of 
the outermost rectrix ; wing-spots much smaller. Total length 6*2 
inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2*9, tail 3*55, tarsus 0*65. 

Hab. Tasmania. 

a. Ad.; b. Juv. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [I\ l 
c. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Antaictic Expedition [0.]. 
5. Rhipidura brenchleyl 
Rhipidura, sp., Gray, Cat. B. Tyop. Isl Pacific Ocean, p. 17. 
Adult male. General colour above dark slaty grey, the upper tail-
coverts blacker; tail-feathers dark brown, the two centre feathers 
with dark brown shafts, all the others with white shafts and tipped 
with ashy white, this latter increasing in extent towards the outermost 
feather, which is light ashy brown along the outer web and 
for a good part of the end of the inner web ; wings dark brown, the 
wing-coverts edged with ashy, a few of the outer greater coverts 
minutely spotted with white near the tips of the outer web; primary-
coverts and quills dark brown, the innermost secondaries narrowly 
margined with ashy brown; loral plumes white, extending above 
the fore part of the eye ; feathers in front of and round the eye and 
the ear-coverts blackish, the latter with a white spot abovo them ; 
chin and upper throat white, extending backwards along the cheeks ; 
rest of under surface of body light ochraceous buff, the white throat 
separated from the breast by a greyish-black band, the sides of tho 
breast washed with grey• thighs brown; under tail-coverts white ; 
axillaries dusky, edged with ochraceous buff; under wing-coverts 
light ochraceous, dusky at base, the greater series white ; quills ashy 
brown below, lighter along the inner web ; bill blackish, lighter at 
the base of the lower mandible; " iris black " (Brencliley). Total 
length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*9, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 5*8 inches, wing 

2-95, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*7. 

Hab, £Tew Hebrides group of islands. 

a,b. S $ ad. sk. Aneiteum, Aug. 1865. Julius Brenchley, Esq. [P.], 

MtTSCICAPIDiE. 

:ua 

6. Rhipidura pelzelni. 
Khipidura assimilis, Pels. Sits. k. Akad. Wien, xli. p. 320 (1820, nee 
Grm/, 1858). 
Rhipidura pelzelni, Gray, Ibis, 1802, p. 226 ; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 380, 
no. 4971. 

Adult male. Very similar to It. albiseapa of Australia, and of the 

same light ochraceous buff underneath, but having the edges and 

tips of the outer tail-feathers smoky brown, not white; the throat-

mark greyish black, not so deeply coloured as in the Australian 

bird; "iris black, or dark brown" (BrencMey). Total length 6 

inches, oilmen 0*4, wing 2*7, tail 3-2, tarsus 0*7. 

Eab. Norfolk Island. 

a. c? ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1855. Dr. Rayner [CI. Voyage of 
H.M.S. * Herald.' 
b, c. Ad. sk. Norfolk Island; June 1865. Julius Brenchley, Esq. [P.], 
7. EMpidtira verreauxi. 
Rhipidura verreauxi, Marie, Aetes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii, p. 326 j 
Layard, Ms, 1877, p. 358. 

Adult female. General colour above chocolate-brown; wings dusky 
brown, the least wing-coverts ashy brown, the median series tipped 
with white, the greater series tipped with pale rufous ; primary-
coverts and quills dark brown, the edges to the secondaries externally 
chocolate-brown; upper tail-coverts blackish; four centre tail-
feathers dark ashy brown with dark-brown shafts; remainder of 
the tail-feathers lighter brown, the shafts creamy white, the tips 
paler brown and verging to ashy whitish, the outer feather ashy 
whitish along the outer web also ; crown of head, nape, and hind 
neck dark slate-colour, contrasting with the chocolate-brown back; 
a broad and distinct band of white from the base of the bill above 
the eye; lores, feathers above the eye, and ear-coverts slaty blackish, 

with a second streak of white above the latter; cheeks and throat 
white; breast, fore neck, and chest mottled with black feathers, 
broadly edged with white, the sides of the breast ashy grey ; rest of 
under surface light brownish buff, the sides of the body browner; 
thighs like the abdomen; under tail-coverts dusky brown, with 
light fulvous tips; under wing-coverts and axillaries light brownish 
buff, the lower series whitish at tips; quills dusky brown below, 
ashy whitish along the inner web; " bill very dark brown; feet 
black; iris brown" (Layard). Total length 6*3 inches, culmen 
045, wing 2-65, tail 3-45, tarsus 0*8. 

Hab, New Caledonia. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Ansevata, New Caledonia, E. L. Layard, 
April 26,1877. 
313 

45. HH1PIDURA. 
8. RMpidura spilodera. 
Rhipidura 
spilodera, Gray, Aim. <§- Mag. N. IL ser. 4, v. p. 333; 
id. in Brenchlefs Cruise of the Curacoa, pi. 9. 

Adult female (type of species). General colour above brown, the 
upper tail-coverts dark slaty; crown of head slaty brown, varied 
with obscure blackish tips to the feathers, especially over the eye 
and on the forehead; sides of face and feathers in front of and 
below the eye blackish; a distinct line of white from the base of 
the nostrils to above the eye; a second line of white from behind 
the eye above the ear-coverts; chin and cheeks dull white; 
remainder of throat and breast white, mottled with black centres to 
the feathers, these mesial markings pointed and very distinct; sides 
of breast ashy grey, extending slightly upon the flanks, which are 
fulvous-brown with ashy grey bases; abdomen and under tail-
coverts light fulvous, the longest of the latter brown with white 
tips; thighs ashy brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy 
brown with white tips; wings above brown, the coverts slightly 

washed with ashy grey; tail blackish brown, tipped with white, 
these white tips obsolete on the centre feathers, but gradually increasing 
in extent towards the outer ones (especially on the inner 
web), the outermost having also a pale outer web; shafts of the 
four centre feathers brown, of the next one on each side half brown 
and half white, of the outer three feathers white; " iris black " 

(J. Brenchley). Total length 64 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*2, 
tail 3*65, tarsus 
09 . 
Hab, Banks's group of islands. 

a. 
2 ad. sk. Vanua Lava, Banks's Islands, X Brenchley, Esq. [P.], 
Aug. 1865. (Type of species.) 
9. RMpidura melanolsema. 
Muscylva pectoral, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Poh Sud, Atlas, pi. 11. %. 3. 
Muscylva pectoralis, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. P6le Sud, texte, iii. p. 75 
(nee Jerdon). 
Rhipidura pectoralis, Gray, Gen. i>\ i. p. 258 ; id. List B. Trop. Isl 
Pacific Ocean, p. 17; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4974. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above chocolate-brown, of 

an ochreous cast, the upper tail-coverts more rufous ; wing-coverts 

darker brown, washed with the same colour as the back, the least 

and median series with small, nearly obsolete, white tips; quills 

dark brown, externally margined with the same colour as the back; 

tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with white, increasing in extent 

towards the outermost; a narrow frontal line, lores, fore part of 

cheeks, and ear-coverts black; frontal feathers brown, tipped with 

white, extending backwards, and forming a white spot over the fore 

part of the eye; hinder part of cheeks white, forming a second 

patch of white ; entire throat black; chest scale-like, the feathers 

being black, broadly margined with white; remainder of under 

surface below white, the flanks brown; xmder tail-coverts white, 

VOL. iv. 
y 

MUBCICAPIB-ffl. 

814 

with black lusts; under wing-coverts and axillanes white, wxtlx 

brown bases; quills brown below, buffy whitish along the edge oi 

the inner web. Total length 5*9 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-b, t>axx 

3-3, tarsus 0-8. (Mus. Paris.) 

Hah Island of Malikollo or Yanikoro, New Hebrides. 

10. Ehipidura kubarii. 
Ehipidura kubaryi, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 644; id. Journ. 3£*f-
Gocleffr. 1876 (Heft xii) p. 29, pi. 2. %. 2 j id. P. Z. S. 1877,p. 7/ **


Adult male. General colour above smoky brown, the crown uni 


form with the back, the upper tail-coverts darker brown; wing s 

uniform dark brown; tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with white , 

increasing in extent towards the outermost; feathers in front of an d 

below the eye blackish, the ear-coverts browner; from the base of 

the bill to above the eye a broad white streak; throat black, th e 

chin and a moustachial streak white; fore neck and chest mottled, 

the feathers being black in the centre, with distinct white margins ; 

sides of breast dark ashy; centre of body white, the sides brown, 

washed with ashy; thighs brown; under tail-coverts blackish, 

broadly tipped with white ; under wing-coverts dark ashy brown , 

with slight edgings of white ; quills dark browrn below, edged with . 

ashy whitish along the inner webs; " bill and feet black " (Kuhainf\ 

Total length 6*5 inches, culmen 05, wing 2*7, tail 3*35, tarsus 07*>-

Hab. Ponape Island. 

a. $ ad. sk. Ponape" (Kubary). Godenroy Muteuni. 
11. Ehipidura personata. 
Ehipidura personata, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. JV. S. W. i. pp. 48,, 72. 
Ehipidura, sp., Zayard, Ibis, 1876, p. 392. 

Adult All the upper surface brown, of a duller and darker tin t 
on the head and neck ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish brown , 
the outermost feathers on each side of the tail margined with white , 
narrowly at the tip, and becoming only a very narrow line of whit e 
margining the inner webs, the shafts of these feathers below white , 
the next two on either side having only a very small white mark a t 
the apex ; wings above brown, the inner secondaries margined o n 
the outer webs with dull light buff; under wing-coverts brown , 
margined with silvery white; head and neck dark brown; a line of 
white extends from the forehead over the eye to the upper part o£ 
the ear-coverts ; lores, ear-coverts, and a narrow line round the ey a 
blackish brown; from the posterior angle of the eye, over the ear coverts, 
a short line of white; throat and sides of the neck belo w 
white; from the centre of the throat, extending and widening* ou t 
on the chest, is a broad, somewhat triangular patch of black; th e 

lower part of the chest, the breast, and remainder of the unde r 
surface of the body and under tail-coverts white; the sides an d 
flanks tinged with olive-brown, more extensively in some than i n 

45. KHIPIDtJRA. 
315 

others ; bill black, lower mandible whitish; legs and foot dark lead-

blue; ins light brown. Total length 0-2 inches; wing 3-2; tail 

3-75; tarsus 0*4; bill from gape 0-55, from forehead 0-4, from 

nostril 0*3. (Ramsay.) 

The sexes are alike in plumage, but the female appears to have a 

greater extent of olive-brown on the flanks and sides. 

Hab. Island of Kandavu, Fiji group*. 

12. Rhipidura albilimbata. 
Rhipidura albolimbata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Geuov. vi. p. 312, x 
p. 135. * 
Adult female (Atam; type of species). General colour above dark 
slate-colour, the head blackish; sides of face also black; from the 
base of the bill a broad white eyebrow running above the car-
coverts, and behind the eye a little narrow streak of white ; least 
wing-coverts like the back; remainder of the coverts brownish 
black, tipped with a small spot of white, smaller on the median 
than on. the greater coverts ; quills brownish black; tail black, the 
two outer feathers tipped with white, the third with a tiny white 
spot at the tip; throat white; chest black; remainder of under 
surface dark slaty grey, the feathers in the centre of the breast 
tipped broadly with white, forming a conspicuous breast-patch ; 
under tail-coverts white, with dusky bases; under wing-coverts 
white, with dusky brown bases; quills ashy blackish below, edged 
with whity brown along the inner web. Total length 5-5 inches, 
culmen 0-4, wing 2-8, tail 3-05, tarsus 0-6. (Mas. Civic. Genov.) 

Hah. Forth-western New Guinea: Atam. 

13. Ehipidura uebulosa. 
Rhipidura nebulosa, Peak, U.S. MvpL Exp. p. 190, pi. 27. fig. 1 : 
Marti Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, p. 101 j Cass. U.S. RvpL Exp. p. 153, 
pi. 9. fig. 2; Gray, List B. Trap. 1st. Pacif. Ocean, p. 17 ; Fimeh 
§* Hartl Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 86; Gray, Hand-L JB. i. p. 331, 
no. 4973; Finsch $ Hartl P. Z. S. 1871, p. 23; Whtimee, Ibis, 
1875, p. 409; Laf/ard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 493. 

Rhipidura fuscescens, Cab. $* JReichen. J, f, O. 1876, p. 319: Salvad, 

P. Z. S. 1877, p. 194. 
Adult. Above dark ashy grey, the head and the wing-coverts 
uniform with the back; greater coverts and quills brown, washed 
with ashy grey on the secondaries; tail dark brown, with a slight 
shade of ashy; the two centre tail-feathers with brown shafts, all 
the others with white shafts and tipped with white, increasing in 
extent towards the outermost, and extending a little way up the 
inner web; sides of the face dark ashy, with an obscure spot of 

* The exact locality is not stated by Mr. Ramsay; but Mr. Layard (I c.) 
states that anew Rhipidura was in Mr. Ramsay's possession from Kandavu, and 
that is doubtless the present, species. 
Y2 

aiUSCICAPIDiE. 

white over the fore part of the eye, and a second streak of white 
behind the eye above the ear-coverts; throat dull ashy, with hoary 
margins to the feathers; fore neck and chest clearer ashy; centre 
of body pale ochreous buff; sides of body ashy brown; under tail-
coverts white ; thighs brown; under wing-coverts ashy grey ; quills 
dark brown, lighter brown along the inner web ; " bill blackish, the 
lower mandible paler at the base; feet horn-blackish ; iris brown " 
(Graffe). Total length 5'6inches, culmen 04 , wing 2*75, tail 3*35, 
tarsus 0-05. 

Hal. Samoa or Navigator's Islands. 

a. Ad., b. Juv. sk. Upolu, Samoa. Rev. S. J. Whitmee [0.]. 
14. Ehipi&uxa fediginosa. 
Muscicapa fuliginosa, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, i. pi. 47. 
Musicapa deserti, Gm. S. N. i. p; 940 (ex Sparrm,). 
Bhipidura melanura, Gray, in Dieffenb. Trav. N. Zeal ii. App. p. 191 ; 

id. Gen. B. i. p. 258 ; id. Ibis, 1802, p. 225; id. Voy.Ereb.8f Terror, 
p; 8; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 330, no. 4954. 
Bhipidura fuliginosa, Gray, Gm. B. i. p. 258; Finsch, J.f.O. 1872, 

p. 165, et 1874, p. 190 • Buller, B. N. Zeal p. 146; Sharpe, Voy. 
JSreb. 8f Terr., App. p. 26. 

Leucocerca melanura, Bp. Consp. i. p. 324. 

Bhipidura sombre, Hombr. $* Jacq. Voy. PoleSud, Atlas, pi. 11. fig. 4. 

Bhipidura tristis, Jacq. $• Pucheran, Voy. Bole Sud, iii. p. 76 (1853) ; 

Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 226. 

Adult male (type of It. melanura). General colour above smoky 

brown or chocolate, the upper tail-coverts blackish slate-colour, con


trasting with the back• wings dark brown• tail uniform blackish 

brown; crown of head and sides of face dusky ashy brown; throat 

dull ashy; remainder of under surface chocolate; " bill black, white 

at the base of the lower mandible; tarsi and toes blackish brown; 

iris black" (Bidler). Total length 6*3 inches, culmen 0'3, wing2*95, 

tail 4-15, tarsus 0'75. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the white spots behind 

the ears much reduced (Bidler). Total length 6*2 inches, culmen 

0-3, wing 3-05, tail 3-9, tarsus 0-75. 

Hab. New Zealand. 

a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Port Cooper, New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
(Types of It. melanura.) 

15. KMpidura brachyrhyncha. 
Bhipidura brachyrhyncha ($ ), Sehl N. T. D. iv, p. 42; Sahad. Ann. 
mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 923. 
Bhipidura atra (tf), Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 922, xii. 

p. 324. r ' 
Adidtmale (Atam- type of E. atra, Salvad.). General colour 
above slaty black, as well as the entire under surface of the body ; 
head and sides of face deeper black, with a spot of silky white 

45 . KJIIPIBrjKA. 
317 

plumes above the eye; wings brownish black; tail deep black; 
under wing-coverts blackish, with broad white edges ; quills dusky 
brown below, lighter brown along the edgo of the inner web. Total 
length 6-2 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3*05, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*85. 
(Mus. Genov.) 

Adult female (Arfak Mountains; 22. Irachyrhynclia, SchL). General 
colour above bright cinnamon, the head browner; lores, eyebrow, 
sides of face, and ear-coverts deep cinnamon; wing-coverts and 
quills blackish brown, all the feathers edged with deep cinnamon; 
four centre tail-feathers black, the next one on each side externally 
cinnamon, internally black, the three outer feathers bright cinnamon 
; entire under surface of body cinnamon-rufous, a little duller 
than the back, and more f ulvous on the chin and throat; under wing-
coverts light cinnamon, as also the inner edges of the quills, which 
are dusky blackish below. Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 0*45, 
wing 2*95, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*7. {Mus. Civic. Qenov.). 

Hah. North-western New Guinea. 

16. BMpidura albicollis. 
Platyrhynchos albicollis, Vieill N. Diet cVHist. Nat. xxvii. p. 13. 

Muscicapa (Muscylva) albogularis, Ze6S. in Belang. VoytJ Zool. p. 264; 

Pucker. Arch. Mus. vii. p. 372. 

Rhipidura fuscoventris, FranH. P. Z. S.1831, p. 117; Jerd. Ill Ind. 

Om. text to pi. ii; Blyth} J. A. S. B. xii. p. 935, xv. p. 290 id. 

Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 206 * Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 324 ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. tyc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 93 ; Jard. 
Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 92 ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mus. El. Co. 
i. p. 145; Jerd. B. Ind. i, p. 451 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 
4984; Cock # Marsh. 8tr. F. 1873, p. 352; Ball, 8tr. F. 1874, 
p. 404; Brooks, 8tr. F. 1875, p. 235. 
Rhipidura albig-ula, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84. 
Muscicapa (Rhipidura) sannio, Sundev. Ann. N. H. xviii, p. 174. 
Leucocerca fuscoventris, Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 200. 
Leucocerca albicollis, Hume, 8tr. F. 1874, p. 475, et 1875, p. 103; 
A f Bluth & Wglden. B. JBurmi p. 132. *H «% j? ,*><&, 

Adult male. General colour above smoky black, the crown,1 lores, sides 
of face, and chin deep black; over the eye a white superciliary 
streak; wings browner than the back, the coverts rather more 
smoky black like the back; two centre tail-feathers black, the rest 
broadly tipped with white, before which is a slight shade of brown; 
across the lower throat a patch of dull white, extending on each side 
to the side of the neck; rest of under surface slaty black, the greater 
series of under wing-coverts tipped with white; " eyelids grey; iris 
deep brown; inside of mouth fleshy white" (Oates). Total length 
6*7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3*1, tail 4, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Like the male, but greyer below, with more white 
on the throat. Total length 6*8 inches, wing 2*8, tail 3*9, tarsus 
0*75. 

Young. Much browner than the adults, with rufescent tips to 
the wing-coverts; under surface of body shaded with dull rufous 

318 
MUSCICAPIIL2E. 

edges to the feathers; white eye-streak indistinct, and the white 
spot on the throat almost entirely absent. 
Ilab. India and Burmese countries. 


a. Ad, sk. India. 
Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Cashmere. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Lower hills, Murree. Capt.C.H.T.Marshall[P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Murree. 
Oapt. J. Biddulph [0.1. 
e. $ jun. sk. Simla, June I860. Oapt. J. Biddulph [C.j. 
f. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Oapt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
IP.]. 
g. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J.Potheringham,Esq.[P.]. 
'h-l Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Upper Assam (Br. Beid). E. B. Sharpe, Ebq. [P.]." 
0, § ad. sk. " Dense grass jungle below Dr. J. Anderson [0.]. 
Bharaau, Jan. 81, 1875." 

p. 
cS ad. sk. Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, March Dr. J. Ander&on [0.]. 
28,1875. 
17. Ehipidura squamata. 
Rhipidura squamata, Mull, fy JSchl. Natuurl. Gesch. Land-e?i Volkenk. 

p. 184; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 323; Finsch, 
Neu-Guinea, p. 1G9; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4979; Salvad. 
RZ.8A878, p. 84. 
Rhipidura griseicauda, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 924. 

Adult. Head and neck brown, shading off paler on the mantle; 
rest of back, rump, and upper tail-coveits foxy red or bay ; wings 
brown, with a slight shade of ashy brown on the coverts, the 
secondaries edged with lighter brown; tail-feathers ashy brown, 
tipped with white, more broadly on the outer ones, the extreme 
bases of the feathers bay ; a frontal line of white extending backwards 
and forming an eyebrow; the feathers above this eyebrow 
mottled with black spots; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-
coverts dusky black ; cheeks extending in a narrow line backwards, 
chin, and upper half of the throat white; lower throat black, 
forming a conspicuous patch; centre of breast and abdomen white, 
the sides of the body and thighs ashy brown; fore neck mottled 
with black and white, the feathers being black with broad white 
edges; under tail-coverts dusky brown, with broad white tips; 
under wing-coverts white, with brown bases; quills brown below, 
with whitish edgings to the inner web. Total length 6-5 inches, 
culmen 0*5, wing 2*75, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-8. 

Obs. On comparing the Salwati specimen with another from Banda 
collected by Mr, Wallace, a difference in the forehead is observable. 
The Banda bird, true B. squamata of Muller, has a broad black forehead, 
with a small spot of white above the fore part of the eye. In 
the !N"ew-Gruinea individual the forehead is white, extending backwards 
over the eye. The type of R. griseicauda, from "Waigiou, however, 
kindly lent me by Count Salvadori, shows the frontal plumes 
brown with white tips j and as it appears a somewhat changeable 

45. RHIPIDUKA. 
319 

character, I prefer not to separate them specifically on a smglo specimen 
from each locality. 
Bob. Few Guinea, Banda, Waigiou, 

a. Ad. sk. Salwati. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [ft]. 
b, Ad. sk. Banda. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [ft]. 
18. Rhipidura elegantula. 
Rhipidura elegantula, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Museum, vol. i. no. 6,p. 22. 
Adult male (Lettie, June 1st, 18G6 ; type of species). General 
colour above bright cinnamon-rufous, rather lighter on the back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts ; wings ashy brown, with reddish 
edgings to the wing-coverts and quills, a little plainer on the secondaries, 
the greater coverts fulvescenfc at their tips ; tail-feathers 
ashy brown, rufous at the extreme base and for a little extent of 
the margins of both webs, all tipped with white, increasing in extent 
on the outer ones, and extending even some distance up the 
outer web of the exterior feather; forehead conspicuously white, 
extending backwards above the fore part of the eye; a narrow 
frontal line of black plumelets, tipped with rufous; lores, feathers 
round the eye, and ear-coverts black; cheeks and throat white, extending 
backwards in a triangular mark on the sides of the neck; 
across the throat a black band, separating the white throat from 
the rest of the under surface, which is also white, washed slightly 
with buff on the sides of the body; the feathers on the fore neck 
adjoining the black throat-band with black bases, producing a 
mottled appearance when the plumage is disturbed; thighs white, 
with brown bases; under wing-coverts white; quills ashy bro^n 
below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 6*5 inches, culmen 
0*5, wing 2*9, tail 3*9, tarsus 0-85. (Mm, Lugd.) 

Hab. Island of Lettie. 

19. Rhipidura rufifrons. 
Rufous-fronted Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. JSktppL ii. p. 220. 
Muscicapa rufifrons, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. ii. p. 1. 
Rhipidura rufifrons, Vig.fyHorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 248; Gould, 


B. Austr. foho, ii. pi. 84; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 823; Reichenb. Yog. Neuholl. p. 98; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. 
p. 240 j Gray, ILand-l. B. i. p. 380, no. 4956; Diggles, Orn. Austr. 
pi. 36. fig. 1; Ramsay, Ibis, 1875, p. 377; id. Proc. Linn. Soc. 
1ST. S. W. ii. p. 182. 
Rhipidura torrida, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 477, pi. 28; Gray, l£and-l 

B. i. p. 331, no. 4982; Sahad. Atti B. Accad. Torino, ix. p. 632. 
Adult male. Head, neck, and sides of latter earthy brown; remainder 
of back and upper tail-coverts bright bay, the mantle shaded 
with brown; wing-coverts and quills sepia-brown, externally 
washed with earthy brown, rather more rufous on the greater 
coverts and secondaries; tail-feathers bay-coloured at the base, 
sepia-brown for the terminal half, distinctly tipped with white: 

320 
MUSCICAPIDJS. 

forehead bay, extending in a small streak backwards above the eye; 

lores, feathers below the eye, and ear-coverts blackish; lower edge 

of eyelid white; cheeks and upper part of the throat white; lower 

part of the throat black, forming a large patch; fore neck mottled 

with black and white, the feathers being black in the centre, with 

broad white margins; centre of breast and abdomen white; sides of 

body, thighs, and under tail-coverts deep fawn-buff; under wing-

coverts white, washed with buff on the edge of the wing; quills 

dusky brown below, with whitish edges to the inner webs; " bill, 

feet, and iris brown " (Gould). Total length 6*3 inches, culmen 0-5? 

wing 2*95, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-8. 

Adult female. A little duller in colour than the male, the ear-

coverts browner, and the mantle more shaded with brown. Total 

length 6-1 inches, wing 2-85, tail 3*4, tarsus 0*75. 

Young. Eeproducing the colours of the adult, but having them 

all more dingy, and the red on the forehead and underparts paler 

and more buff; wing-coverts all tipped with rufous; throat and 

cheeks dull white, with a slight shade of rufous; fore neck dull 

black, the edgings dingy white and broader than in the adults, the 

sides of the breast dull ashy. 

Sab. Australia: "Port Denison, Wide-Bay district, Richmond 

and Clarence rivers district, 1ST. S. Wales, Yictoria " (E. P. ttamsay)* 

Barnard Islands; island of Ternate. 

a. Juv. sk. Australia. 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq, [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. 
J. Gould, Esq. [0.]. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Barnard Islands, June 9, 1848 Capt. Stanley [P.]. 
(J. Macgillivray). 
d. 9. ad. sk. Elew on board near Cape York, Capt. Stanley [P.]. 
Oct. 6, 1848 (J. M.). 
e. Juv. sk. Cape York. 
Mr. Cockerell [C.]. 
/. 
tS ad. sk. Ternate Island. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [O.J(
Tfpeof E. torrida.) 

20. Rhipidura versicolor. 
Ehipidura versicolor, Sarth ty Finsch, P. Z. 8,1872, p. 96. 

Adult. Upperparts a rich brown with a slight reddish tinge; 
forehead bright rufous; upper and under tail-coverts rufous; throat 
white, margined underneath by an irregular jugular band of pure 
black; pectoral plumes black, broadly margined with yellowish 
white; middle of abdomen whitish, sides of a paler olive-brown; 
under wing-coverts whitish; wing-feathers blackish brown; tail-
feathers brownish black, all largely tipped with white, the four 
middle ones rufous at the base, the white terminal spots becoming 
smaller towards the middle; beak fuscous, the under mandible 
paler, except at the tip; feet fuscous. Total length about 5" 9r", 
bill from front 4 j'" , wing 2" 6m, tail 3" 3"', tarsus 8'". (Eartlaub $ 
Finsch, L c.) 

Hah. Island of Uap, Mackenzie group. 

45. KHIHDTJRA, 321 
21. Rhipidura semirulbra. 
Bhipidura semirubra, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 552. 

Adult male (Admiralty Islands; J*. Murray, Voy. ofE.M\8. Challenger 
; type of species). General colour above cinnamon-rufous, 
including the forehead and eyebrow; wing-coverts ashy brown, with 
a narrow edging of cinnamon; quills dark brown, the primaries 
shaded with chocolate-brown, the secondaries narrowly edged with 
cinnamon; tail-feathers dark brown, rufous at base, tipped with 
ashy, inclining to a white spot on the inner web; feathers in front 
of and round the eye, as well as the ear-coverts, blackish; cheeks 
and throat white; on the lower throat a black patch, the feathers of 
the adjoining fore neck being black with broad white margins, the 
centre of the breast and of the abdomen whitish; the sides of the 
upper breast dusky grey; the sides of the body and flanks dull cinnamon-
buff, the under tail-coverts more decidedly rufous; under 
wing-coverts white, with ashy bases; quills ashy brown below, with 
an ashy edging to the inner webs. Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 
0*55, wing 2-8, tail 3-3, tarsus 0*8. 

Hab. Admiralty Islands. 

22. Rhipidura semicollaris* 
Rhipidurasemicollaris, MiiU.fySehL NahiurLGesch, Land-enVolkenk. 

p. 184, note; Gray, Gen. B. L p. 259; Bp. Cmsp. i. p. 323; Wallace, 
P. Z. & 1863, p. 485; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 169; Gray, 
Kand-4. B. i. p. 331, no. 4968. 
Adidt male* Head and neck brown, shading off on the mantle ; 
rest of back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bay; wings ashy brown, 
the coverts and secondaries faintly edged with rufous, the primaries 
with obsolete margins of lighter brown; tail-feathers ashy brown, 
tipped with white, before which is a shade of lighter ash-colour, the 
middle feathers washed with bay near the base; forehead rufous-
bay ; eyelid white; lores, feathers below and in front of the eye, 
and ear-coverts black; cheeks, chin, and upper half of throat white; 
lower half of throat black, forming a patch extending upon each 
side of the neck; fore neck whitish, remainder of under surface 
light fulvous, paler in the centre of the body and deeper on the 
under tail-coverts; thighs brown; under wing-coverts silky white, 
with a fulvous tinge, clearer on the edge of the wing; quills dusky 
brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total 
length 6*2 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*6, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 6*3 inches, 

wing 2-By tail 3*1, tarsus 0*8. 

Hah. Timor group of islands. 

a, b. cJ ? ad. sk. E. Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 

e. Ad. fck. Timor. A. K. "Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
322 
MUSCICAPIBJfil. 

23. Rhipidura dryas. 
Rhipidura dryas, Gould, B. Austr. fol. i. Introd. p. xxxix; Bp. Consp. 
Av. i. p. 323 j Beiohenb. Tog. Nettholl p. 286; Gould, Kandb. B. 
Austr. I p. 242 j Gray, JBCand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4957; Gould, B. 
JST. Guinea, pi. ii.j Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. 2V. S. W. ii. p. 182. 

Adult (typo of species). Very similar to B. semicollaris of Timor, 

but distinguished by having the brown of the back extending lower 

down, so as to leave only the rump and upper tail-coverts rufous, 

by the ear-coverts being brown instead of black, and by its buffy


white under surface, much paler than in its Timor ally. The ends 

to the tail-feathers are much broader and purer white. Total length 

&2 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*7, tail 3*45, tarsus 0*75. 

Rah. Port Essington, Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. Port Essington. J. Gould, Esq. (Type of species). 
24. Rhipidura rufidorsa. 
Rhipidura rufidorsa, Meyer, Sitz. h. AJcad. Wien, Ixx. p. 200; Saluad. 
Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 923. 

Adult female (Jobi). General colour above bright cinnamon, the 

head, nape, and sides of face light brown, the ear-coverts paler; 

over the eye a streak of rufous-buff from the base of the bill; 

cheeks and throat dull whitish; breast, sides of body, thighs, and 

under tail-covcrts light fawn-buff, with a shade of ashy brown on 

the fore neck and sides of chest; abdomen white, slightly washed 

with brown; under wing-coverts fawn-buff; wing-coverts and quills 

dark brown externally, edged with cinnamon-rufous like the back; 

tail-feathers ashy-brown, edged with cinnamon-rufous near the base, 

and all broadly tipped with white. Total length 5*6 inches, culmen 

0*4, wing 2-6, tail 2*9, tarsus 0*75. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hah. Island of Jobi. 

a. $ ad. sk. Ansus, Jobi, June 1S73. Dr. A. B. Meyer [0.1. 
25. Rhipidura lepida. 
Rhipidura lepida, 
Hartl. 8f FinscJi, P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 6,117; Gray, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 331, no. 4975; Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. viii. 

p. 21, pi. 4. %. 23. 
Adult male. General colour above foxy rufous or deep bay, the 
wing-coverts like the back, the greater series internally sepia-
brown ; primary-coverts and primaries sepia-brown, the secondaries 
externally bay, the innermost almost entirely of the latter 
colour; tail-feathers sepia-brown, bay-coloured at the base and at 
the tip, forming a broad terminal band, the outer feathers externally 
edged with the same colour; lores and feathers round the eye 
blackish; ear-coverfcs brown; cheeks, throat, and fore neck white, 
with a broad band of black across the lower throat; sides of neck 

45. KHimJtTKA. 
323 

ashy grey, slightly washed with rufous; rest of under surface of 
body, as well as the under wing-coverts, foxy rufous, like the back ; 
quills brown below, rufous along the inner web; "iris black/' 
Total length 6*3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*25, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*95. 

Adult female, Not distinguishable from the male. Total length 
6-9 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*95. 

Young, Like the adults, but with a browner head, and having a 
dusky-brown throat-mark washed with rufous, instead of the black 
spot of the adult. 

Hah. Pelew Islands. 

«, h. £ $ ad. sk. Pelew Islands (Kubary). Museum Godeffroy. 

c. Ad.; d. Juv. sk. Pelew Islands. Mr. Cohen [C.]. 
26. Rhipidura rufa. 
Rhipidura rufa, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 923. 

Adult female (type of species). General colour above cinnamon, 
browner on the head, deeper and more chestnut on the rump and 
upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts and quills brown, margined with 
rufous ; tail brown, rufous on the outer webs of the two centre tail-
feathers, the others blackish on the inner webs, rufous-brown on the 
outer, all the feathers with rufous shafts and broad tips of pale 
rufous ; lores pale orange-buff; sides of face, and chin dusky cinnamon 
; throat dull ashy; remainder of under surface pale cinnamon-
buff; under tail-coverts chestnut; under wing-coverts pale cinnamon 
; quills dusky brown below, with light rufous edges to the 
inner webs. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*55^ tail 
3*4, tarsus 0*75. (JMus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hah. North-western New Guinea; Arfak Mountains. 

27. Rhipi&xtra cyaniceps. 
Muscipeta cyaniceps, Cam. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1855, p. 438; id. U.S. 

JExpl. Exp. n. 145, pi. 9. fig. 1. 

Rhipidura caniceps (lapsu), Gray, Hand-L B. 1 p. 331, no. 4966. 

Philentoma cyaniceps, Walden, fr. Z. S. ix. p. 182; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. 

JSOC. new series, i. p. 325 ; Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 693. 

Adult Head and neck slaty grey, the crown streaked with 
silvery cobalt down each feather; sides of face, sides of neck, and 
mantle dulj* greyish; back and scapulars chestnut; wing-coverts 
slaty grey with faint shaft-streaks of brighter blue, the innermost 
of the greater series chestnut like the back; quills blackish, the 
secondaries externally edged with chestnut, the innermost entirely 
of the latter colour; two centre tail-feathers black, the next on 
each side black on the inner web, chestnut on the outer, the rest of 
the tail chestnut; entire throat and breast slaty grey, streaked 
down the centre of the feathers with silvery blue ; rest of the under 
surface deep ochraceous buff, as also the under wing-coverts; under 
tail-coverts light chestnut. Total length (J'2 inches, culmen 0*5, 
wing 3-15, tail 3*5, tarsus 0-65. 


324 MUSCICAPIDJE. 
Hob. Islands of Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippine archi


pelago. 
a. Ad. st.
b. S ad. sk. 
Mindanao. 
Monte Alban, Luzon, March1877 (A. Everett). 
Hugh Cuming, Esq. [P.]. 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [RJ. 

28. EMpidura albiventris. 
Philentoma albiventris, Sha?pe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 825; 
Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 284, 

Adult (type of species). Head and neck all round greyish bine, 
with lighter-coloured streaks of more silvery blue to the feathers of 
the forehead, throat, and fore neck; rest of the back and scapulars 
bright bay, some of the uppermost of the latter slightly washed with 
greyish bine; wing-coverts dull greyish bine like the head, the 
innermost of the greater series greyish on the inner web, bay on the 
outer; primaries blackish externally, with a slight wash of grey, the 
secondaries externally bright bay, the innermost having the entire 
outer web of this colour; two centre tail-feathers black, the two 
next black on the inner web, bright bay on the outer, the rest of 
the tail-feathers uniform bay; entire belly white, the feathers 
adjoining the chest more or less washed with blue-grey and distinctly 
streaked with white down the shaft; lower flanks slightly washed 
with buff; vent and under tail-coverts light bay; thighs fight bay, 
with grey bases to the feathers. Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 
0*65, wing 3*05, tail 8*45, tarsus 0-7. (Coll J. B. Sieere.) 

Hah. Islands of Guimaras and Negros in the Philippine archipelago. 


29. RMpidura phcenicxtra. 
Ehipidura phoenicuxa, Mull <$-Schley. Natuurl Gesch. Land- en Volk. 
p. 185, note; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 323; Gray, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 330, no. 4962. 
Adult male. Head blackish, slightly shaded with grey; back 
brown, slightly rufescent towards the rump; the latter as well as 
the upper tail-coverts and tail chestnut, paler at the tip of the tail-
feathers ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and the 
quills deep sepia-brown, the secondaries washed externally with 
rufous, with which the greater coverts are also tipped; over the eye 
a streak of white feathers; lores, sides of face, cheeks, and chin 
black; throat white, widening out on the hinder part of the cheeks; 
across the lower throat a blackish collar; chest dull ashy; centre of 
body and under tail-coverts ferruginous, inclining to bay on the 
latter; sides of body washed with brown; under wing-coverts 
light ferruginous; quills dusky brown below, light rufous along 
the edge of the inner webs; " bill black; feet blackish; iris brown * 

45 . RHIPIJDTTEA. 
325 

(Mutter). Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-7, tail 3*4, 
tarsus 07. 

Sab. Java, Borneo *. 

a. Ad. sk. Java. Purchased. 
b. Ad.; o. Ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
30. Rhipidura threnothorax. 
Rhipidura 
threnothorax, MM. $ SeMeg. Natuurl GescL Zand-en 
Volh. p. 185, note j Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259• Bp. Consp. Av. I 

p. 323 ; Sol Pr. Linn, Soc. 1858, p. 161; Gray, Cat. B. New Guin. 
p. 28; Fi?isch, JSreu-Giwiea, p. 28; Gray, lland~l. B. i. p. 331, 
no. 4973; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad, Wien, lx'ix. p. 212. 
Rhipidura funiosa, Sehl. N. T. JD. iv. p. 42. 


Adult. G-eneral colour above light brown, duller on the lower 
back and rump, where the feathers have dark-brown bases; upper 
tail-coverts and tail blackish brown ; wing-coverts and quills dark 
brown, edged with the lighter brown of the back; crown of head 
brown, a little duller than the back; from the base of the bill a very-
broad white streak extending above the eye and surmounted by a 
line of black, formed by the black tips to the superciliary feathers; 
in front of the eye a blackish patch; ear-coverts ashy brown; 
cheeks and throat pure white; fore neck and chest slaty black, with 
numerous ovate subterminai spots of white; rest of under surface of 
body dull ashy, the vent and under tail-coverts blackish; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries ashy, some of the former edged with 
white; quills brown below, with edgings of lighter brown on the 
inner webs ; " upper mandible black, the lower one horn-white; 
feet black; iris brown " (S. Mutter). Total length 7 inches, culmen 
0*6, wing 3*25, tail 3-65, tarsus 0-85. 

Young female (type of JR. fumosa). General colour above dusky 
chocolate-brown, the rump-feathers blacker with brown edgings; 
wings darker brown than the back, with very narrow reddish-brown 
margins to the feathers; tail-feathers blackish brown; lores and 
sides of face dull brown; over the eye an indistinct spot of white; 
throat white ; remainder of under surface of body dusky chocolate, 
becoming blacker on the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts; 
under wing-coverts like the breast; quills dull brown below. (Mm. 
Lugd.) 

Obs. R. fumosa was considered to be distinct from B. threnofhoraoo 
both by Professor Schlegel and Count Salvador!. I believe 
that it is the young of the latter, notwithstanding its uniform breast. 
The colouring of the breast varies from chocolate-brown with white 
spots to greyish black and entirely black, and the number and size 
of the spots also varies greatly, becoming apparently fewer and at 
the same time larger with age. 

Hob. New Guinea and island of Jobi. 

* This species is not included in Count Salvadori's * tfccelli di Borneo;' but 
Captain Elwes possesses a specimen said to be from that island. 
326 MUSCICAPIDJE. 
a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
b. Ad. sk. Salwati. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.j. 

31. RMpidura maculipectiis. 
Rhipidura maculipectiis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 176; Finsch, Feu* 
Gninea, p. 169; Gray, JETand-L B. i. p. 330, no. 4960; Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vi. p. 311, ix. p. 25, et x. p. 134 

Rhipidura maculipennis (lapsu), Gray, Cat. B. Neta Guin. p. 28. 
Rhipidura saturata, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 323. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above dull blackish 
brown, the crown of head, rump, and upper tail-coverts blacker; 
wing-coverts slaty black, all minutely tipped with white; quills 
blackish brown; tail-feathers black, tipped with white, increasing 
in extent towards the outermost; sides of face black ; from the base 
of the bill a distinct streak of white above the eye; chin, a broad 
moustache running down and widening out on the sides of the 
throat, white; centre of throat and under surface of body black, 
rather more ashy on the abdomen; feathers of the fore neck and 
chest subterminally spotted with white; under tail-coverts black, 
tipped with white ; under wing-coverts and axillarics blackish, 
broadly edged with white; quills brown below, washed with ashy 
on the edge of the inner webs; " bill black, the lower mandible 
white; feet black" (Wallace). Total length 7*7 inches, culmen 
0-6, wing 3-1, tail 4*0, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7*2 inches, 
wing 2-8, tail 3*5, tarsus 0-8. 
Ohs. New-Guinea birds have larger and more numerous white 
spots on the chest than those from the Aru Islands. 

Young female (type of B. saturata). General colour above sooty 
black, becoming deeper black on the rump and upper tail-coverts; 
wings rather browner than the back; tail black, all but the two 
centre feathers broadly tipped with white; above the eye a 
white streak; lores and sides of face black; chin and sides of 
throat white, with black tips to many of the feathers; centre 
of throat and remainder of under surface of body sooty brown, 
deepening into black on the under tail-coverts; the breast-feathers 
on being parted show concealed spots of white; under wing-
coverts blackish, broadly tipped with white; quills ashy blackish 
below. Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*8, tail 3*9, 
tarsus 0*85. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Ohs, I have examined the type of R. saturata in the Leiden 
Museum. On moving the breast-feathers spots of white are plainly 
to be seen, and I believe it to be only the young bird of B. maculi


pectus. The bill has a blackish spot at the tip of the otherwise 
white under mandible; and this I take also to be a sign of youth. 
Hah. Aru Islands and New Guinea. 

a, b. <$ 2 %&* sk-Al ^ Mauds. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Types of species.) 

45. BHIPIDURA. 
327 

c, Ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
d, Ad. sk. Salwati. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.j. 
e, Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R, Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 

32. RMpidura leucothorax. 
Rhipidura leucothorax, Saluad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vi. p. 811, vii. 
p. 820, ix. p. 25, et x. p. 134. 
Adult General colour above dark claocolate-brown, the rump 
more dingy • upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, all the feathers, 
including the two centre ones, tipped with white, the outer ones 
more broadly ; wings dark brown, the coveits minutely tipped with 
white ; head darker than the back; lores and sides of face blackish; 
over the eye a narrow line of white• chin white; cheeks and lower 
throat black• fore neck and chest black, with ovate subterminal 
spots of white ; a triangular patch of white on each side of the lower 
throat, widening out on each side of the neck and separated by the 
mesial black throat which joins tho fore neck; centre of body white, 
the leathers of the tipper breast margined with smoky brown; sides 
of body smoky brown • thighs and under tail-coverts black; under 
wing-coverts white, with blackish bases; quills dark brown, with 
lighter brown edges to the inner webs ; " bill black above, white 
below; feet and iris black" (UAlbertis). Total length &5 inches, 

culmen 0*6, wing 2*9, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*85. 

Hah. New Guinea: North-west and South-eastern parts. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Purchased. 
33. Rhipidura bourouensis. 
Rhipidura 
bouruensis, Wallace, P. Z, S. 1863, p. 29; Finsch, Men-
Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 331, no. 4967. 

Adult female (type of species). General colour above dark slaty 

grey, the crown and sides of face slaty black, with a small streak of 

white over the eye ; sides of neck like the back; wings brown, the 

coverts externally washed with slaty grey, the greater series with 

obsolete white spots at the tip, the inner secondaries with lighter 

edges; tail dark brown, with a shade of slaty grey on the outer 

webs, the outermost feather buffy white along the outer web ; 

throat white, the cheek-feathers black, tipped with white; breast 

slaty grey, the fore neck and chest with numerous ovate spots of 

white; sides of body slaty grey, mixed with ochre on the lower 

flanks; abdomen and under tail-coverts rich ochre, as also the 

thighs • under wing-coverts dull ochraceous, with ashy-brown bases ; 

axillaries ashy brown, edged with ochraceous. Total length 1 inches, 

culmen 0*6, wing 34 , tail 3*7, tarsus 0*65. 

Hah. Island of Bouru, Moluccas. 

a, fr § ad. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Types of species.) 
c, d. Ad. «k. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 

328 MTTSCICAPIDiE. 

34. Rhipidura cinerea. 
Rhipidura cinerea, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 477; Gray, Hand-l B-
i. p. 881, no. 4981. 
Adult (type of species). General colour above dark ashy grey, th e 
feathers of the forehead and over the eye with blackish centres ; 
sides of face dull blackish; above the eye a white spot; wing*s 
brown, the coverts edged with ashy; lateral rump-feathers witii 
some silky-white plumes intermixed; upper tail-coverts dark ashy : 
tail brown, with brown shafts; cheeks and throat pure white; chest; 
ashy grey, with ovate spots of white rather indistinct; centre of 
body and under tail-coverts white, the sides of the body ashy grey ; 
thighs ashy; under wing-coverts white; axillaries ashy brown* 
with whitish edgings to the feathers. Total length 6-9 inches, crimen 
0-6, wing 3*3, tail 3-4, tarsus 0*6. 

Hah. Ceram. 

a. Ad. sk. E. Ceram, A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI (
Type of species.) 
35. Rhipidura perlata. 
Rhipidura perlata, S. Mull. NatuurL Gesch. Land-en Volkenh. p. 185 ; 
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Bp, Comp. i. p. 828; Gray, Hand4. B* 

i. p. 831, no. 4969. 
Leucocerca rhombifer, Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 57. 
Rhipidura guttata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 380, no. 4961. 
Rhipidura rhombifer, Gray. Hand-l. B. i. p. 831, no. 4978; Skarpe, 
Ibis, 1877, p. 18. 
Leucocerca perlata, Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 136. 

Adult male. General colour above dark slate-colour, the wing-
coverts coloured like the back; greater coverts and quills blackish, 
externally edged with slaty, the median and greater series with 
nearly obsolete tiny spots of white; tail black, the three outer 
feathers broadly tipped with white, and a slight spot of white on 
the fourth (often absent); lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-
coverts black; above the eye a streak of black; cheeks and throat 
slaty blackish, with small tips or apical spots of whitish in the form. 
of streaks; fore neck and breast also dark slate-colour, with distinct; 
ovate spots of white, increasing in extent on the latter, and equally 
distinct on the sides of the neck; sides of the body also slaty grey, 
the spots disappearing on the flanks ; centre of body and under tail-
coverts white; thighs dull ashy brown ; under wing-coverts aaci 
axillaries brown, edged with white; " bill black; legs dark purplish 
leaden; iris dark brown" (A. Everett). Total length 6*8 inciieea 
culmen 0-65, wing 3*35, tail 3*65, tarsus 0-65. 

Hah. Malayan peninsula, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. 

a. $ ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Mount OpMr, Malacca. 
Java. 
A. R. Wallace, Es£[. [0-1 
Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Borneo. 

45 . RH1PIBFRA, 329 
e. <$ ad. sk.
f,g. Ad. sk.
h. S ? ad. sk.
i. d ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk 
Sarawak. 
Sarawak. 
Tagora, May 1 
Bintulu, Oct. 1 
N.W. Borneo.
875.875. 
A. E. (Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
Governor Ussher [P.], 
Alfred Everett, Esq. [0.1. 
Alfred Everett, Esq. [0.1 
Hugh. Low, Esq. [&]. 

36. Ehipidura setosa. 
Muscipeta setosa, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstroL Zool, i, p. 181, pi. 4, 
%. 4. 
EMpidura gularis, MulL fy SchL Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. 

p. 185, note; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 j. Bp. Consp. i. p. 323• Sclater, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 161 (1858); Finsch, Nea-Guinea, p. 169; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 696; Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. 
p. 821, viii. p. 398, ix. p. 24. 
EMpidura isura, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 174; id. B. Austr. ii. pi. 85; 
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Bp. Consp. i. p. 323 j Reichenb. Vog. 
Neuholl. pp, 98, 286; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 242 ; Finsch, 
Neu--Guinea, ip, 169. 

Ehipidura setosa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. 
Pacific Isl. p. 17 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4964; Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civic. Genov. x. p. 134; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. JV". S, W. ii, 
p; 182. 

EMpidura superciliosa, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 604, 

Adult male. General colour dark ashy grey, the head blackish, as 
also the sides of the face ; over the eye a spot of silky white; least 
wing-coverts ashy, like the back; remainder of wing-coverts and 
quills brown, edged externally with ashy grey, hoary on the inner 
secondaries ; upper tail-coverts blackish; tail blacMsh, the penultimate 
feather slightly tipped with white, often, absent, the outermost 
feather broadly tipped with white, extending some distance up 
the outer web ; malar line and throat white ; a broad band of ashy 
grey across the fore neck and chest, some of the feathers with whitish 
shaft-lines ; centre of body light ochraceous buff, fading into white 
on the under tail-coverts ; sides of body ashy grey ; thighs brown ; 
under wing-coverts ashy brown, the axillaries slightly edged with 
whitish; quills brown below, ashy fulvous along the inner web; 
" bill, feet, and iris black '" (D'Alberth), Total length 7 inches, culmen 
0-6, wing 3*5, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7*2 inches, wing 
3*45, tail 3*6, tarsus 0-6. 
Hub. Northern Australia, New Guinea and Papuan group of 
islands; Waigiou; New Ireland • Duke-of-York Island. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Duke-of-York Island. Eev. G. Brown [0 / 
c, d. c? j «?/. $ ad. sk. Dorey. A. E.Wallace, Esq.* "0.1 

g. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. E. Wallace, Esq. *G: 
Salwati. A. E. Wallace, Esq. "G:

h. Ad. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. Amberbaki, New GuiA. 
E.Wallace, Esq. "0/ 
k. 2 ad. sk. nea. M. L. Laglaize [C.]. 
Amberbaki, New Gui


1. S ad. sk. nea. "XL L. Laglaize [0.] 
Wamai, Arfak Mountains, 
Feb. 5,1876. 

VOL. IV. z 

MUSCIGAPIB^E. 

330 

w, n. 6 2 ad. sk. MysoL A. B. Wallace, Esq. T v 

o tf ad. sk- Waigiou. A. B. Wallace, Esq. WC._. 
Port

« Ad. sk. Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. "P."\ 

 I>ort

^ Ad. sk. Essragton. Oapt Chambers [P.]. 

37. Ehipidura assimilis. 
Ehipidura assimiHs, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. ITS; id. B. X Guinea, 
p. 28; «7. P- & &1861, p. 434: Fimeh, Neu-Gmnea, p. 169; Gray. 
Hand-l B. i. p. 330, no. 4959. 
-4dM< male (type of species). General colour above light brown ; 
wings brown, the corerts Hke the back, the secondaries with dull 
rufescent edges; upper tail-coverts slightly tinged with reddish; 
tail-feathers dark brown, the outermost feather externally edged 
with buffy white, and broadly tipped with the same; head and neck 
dark slaty grey, i^Q sides of the head a little darker; from the base 
of the bill above the eye a distinct streak of white; cheeks and 
throat white ; fore neck light ashy, varied with white, the feathers 
being white in the centre, ®&ge& with ashy ; rest of under surface 
of body ochraeeous buff, including the under wing-coverts and 
axillaries ; sides of the body ashy brown ; thighs ochraceous, with 
dusky brown bases; quills brown below, with a greyish shade along 
the inner webs. Total length 7-3 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*8, tail 
3-6, tarsus 0-65. 

Obs. Thellatabcllo specimen is slightly larger: wing 3*55 inches. 

Hah. Ke Islands and If atabello. 

a, h. Ad, sk. K& Mauds. A. E. Wallace, Esq. T.](
Types of species,) 

c. Ad, sk Matabello. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [aJ. 
38. Ehipidura kordensis. 
Ehipidura kordensis, Meyer} 8itz. k* Akad. Wien, baa. p. 201. 

Adult male. General colour above blackish slate-colour, the head 
blacker; sides of face blackish brown; over the fore part of the eye 
a distinct spot of silky white; cheeks and throat white; fore neck 
and chest black, with ovate spots of white in the centre of the 
breast, the flanks blackish slate-colour; abdomen and under tail-
coverts pure white, the feathers of the breast adjoining the black 
collar white, with black bases; thighs dusky grey, edged with 
white; under wing-coverts blackish slate-colour, edged with white: 
upper wing-coverts blackish slate-colour; greater series, primary-
coverts, and quills browner; tail black, the two outer feathers 
tipped with white, the outermost one more broadly tipped and 
edged with white along the whole of the outer web. Total length 
6*5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*4, tail 3*4, tarsus 0-65. 

Hob. Island of Misori in GeeMnk Bay. 

(hh-<$ 2 ad. sk. Kordo, Misori, March 1873. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C A 

45. BHiriBUEA. 
331 

39. Ehipidura vidua. 
Bhipidura vidua, Sahad. fy Turati, Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 313. 
Adult female (Koffiao). General colour above slaty grey, the head 
darker; lores and sides of face slaty "black; over the fore part of the 
eye a spot of white ; throat, abdomen, and tinder tail-coverts white; 
across the breast a broad slaty-grey band, varied with ovate spots of 
white in the centre of the breast-band; flanks also slaty grey; under 
wing-coverts white, with dusky grey bases; least wing-coverts like 
the back; greater and median series, as well as quills, dusky brown, 
externally washed with slaty grey; tail-feathers blackish, shaded 
with slaty grey on their edges, the three outermost feathers tipped 
with white more broadly on the external rectrix, which has the 
white also extending some way up the outer web. Total length 
6*3 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3-15, tail 3*4, tarsus 0-6. (Mu$. 
Genov.) 

ffah. Island of Koffiao. 

40. Bhipidura obiensis, 
Bhipidura obiensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 987. 
Adult (type of species). Above slate-colour, the head blacker; 
lores and sides of face blackish, with a small spot of silky white 
above the fore part of the eye; wing-coverfcs like the back, the 
greater series ashy brown, washed with slate-colour and minutely 
tipped with white - primary-coverts and quills dusky brown, edged 
externally with slaty grey, the inner secondaries broadly edged and 
tipped with white; tail (moulting) black, the outer feather broadly 
tipped with white, which goes up the outer web for the greater part 
of its extent; throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white; fore 
neck, breast, and sides of body slaty grey, the centre feathers with 
ovate spots of white; the under wing-coverts slaty, broadly edged 
with white. Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-4, tail 3-4, 
tarsus 0*65. (Mus, Civic. Genov.) 

Hah. Obi group of islands, Moluccas. 

a. $ ad. 8k. Obi Major, July 23,1802 Leyden Museum [P.]. 
(Dr. Bernstein). 
b. (S ad. sk. Obi Lattoe, Aug. 9,1862 Leyden Museum [P.]. 
(Dr. Bernstein). 
41. Bhipidura rufiventris. 
Platyrhynchos ruflventris, 
Vieill. N. Diet, xxvii. p. 21; Pucker. Aa*oh. 
Mm. vii. p. 35% pi. 20.fig.% 
Bhipidura ochrogastr% Mull. SrScJiL Natuurl. Gesch. Land-en Volhenh. 

p. 185, note ,* Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259: Bp. Consp. i. p. 323 j Finsch, 
New-Guinea, p. 169. 
Ehipidura rufiventris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4965. 


Adult male. General colour above dark slaty grey, the head, hind 
neck, and sides of neck slaty black • lores and sides of face blackish 
z2 

332 
amscrcAPiDiE. 

brown; over the eye a white spot; least wing-coverts slaty grey, 
like the back; median and greater coverts dark brown, edged with 
slaty grey, and having minnte apical tips of white ; quills dark 
brown, with hoary-grey external margins; tipper tail-coverts black; 
tail black, the two outer feathers tipped with white, extending 
nearly the whole way on the outer web of the external feather; 
cheeks, throat, and fore neck white, the sides of the breast greyish, 
the fore neck slightly washed with grey ,* entire breast and under 
surface of body, including the under wing-coverts, rich ochraceous 
buff, whiter on the under tail-coverts; thighs ochraceous buff, with 
brown bases; quills brown below, ashy along the inner webs. Total 
length 7*3 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*5, tail 3*85, tarsus 0*75. 

Hob. Timor group of islands. 

a. Ad. * b. 2 ad. sk. East Timor. A. E. "Wallace, Esq. [CI. 
c, d. (S ad. sk. Timor Coupang. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.*|. 
e. S ad. sk. Semao, Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C."\ 
/. Jun. sk. Timor. A, E. Wallace., Esq. [C.]. 
42. Ehipidura diluta. 
Ehipidura 
diluta, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 491; Finseh, Neu-
Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4963. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above brown, including 
the head, the back slightly shaded with ashy; sides of face brown; 
a small white streak from the base of the bill above the eye; wing-
coverts brown; quills brown, externally margined with rufous * tail 
brown, the three outer feathers lighter than the others, with 
light ashy-brown tips, increasing on the two outermost, which are 
ashy or smoky brown, darker brown towards the base of the inner 
web; cheeks and throat white; chest and sides of body light ashy 
brown; centre of body and under wing- and tail-coverts light ochraceous 
; thighs ashy brown * quills sepia-brown below, rufous along 
the inner webs. Total length 6*8 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*95, 
tail 3*4, tarsus 0*75. 

Hah. Island of Elores. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Flores. A. E. Wallace, Esq. (Types of species.) 

43. Ehipidura javanica. 
Muscicapa, javanica, Sparrm. Mus. Carlst iii. pi. 75; Horsf. Tr. Linn. 
Soc* xiii. p. 146; Baffi. t. c. p. 312; Sundev. Crit. om Sparrm. 

p. 12. 
? Le Gobe-mouche a lunettes, Levaitt. Ois. dAfr. iv. p. 9, pi. 152. 
? Platyrhynchos pexspicillatus, Vieill. JV. Diet tfHist Nat. xxvii. 
p, 14 (ex Levaitl). 
Muscicapa umbellata, Sundev. Ann. N. H. xviii. p. 175. 
Ehipidura javanica, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 930; Mutt. § Sehl 

Natuurl. Geseh. Land-en Volkenh. p. 185; Gray, Gen. JB. i. p. 259; 
Low, Sarawak, p. 410; Horsf. 8? Moore, Cat. JB. Mus. F.I. Co. L 

p. 144 • Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 271; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 217; 
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 332, no. 4991; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 474. 
Ehipidura perspicillata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259. 

333 

45 , RHIPIDTJKA. 

Leucocerca javanica, Myth. Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. ^00; Bp. Comp. 

i. p. 324; Cab. Mm. Hein. TL i. p. 57; Bermt. J.f 0.1859, p. '2m; 
Saload. XJcc. Bom. p. 135; Tweedd. Ibis. 1877, p. 316 ; Hume $ 
Davison, 8tr. F 1878, p. 226. 
Rhipidura longicauda, Wall P. Z. S. 1865, p. 476. 
Leucocerca infumata, Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 435. 


Adidt female (E. Java). General colour dark brown, very slightly 
washed with rufous on the lower back; least wing-coverts like the 
back; median and greater series and quills dark brown, edged and 
tipped with pale rufous-buff, the primaries obsoletely margined; tail 
dark brown, with reddish-brown shafts, all but the two centre 
feathers tipped with white; crown of head, sides of face, and ear-
coverts ashy black; the fore part of the cheeks and chin also black; 
over the eye a line of white ; entire throat white, extending upon the 
sides of the neck; across the fore neck a band of black, washed 
with grey on the sides; remainder of under surface yellowish white, 
deepening into light fawn-colour on ihe abdomen and under tail-
coverts ; thigh-feathers brown, edged with fawn-colour; sides of 
body brown ; under wing-coverts white; axillaries dark brown, with 
fawn-coloured edgings; quills brown below, with ashy edges to the 
inner webs. Total length 7*2 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*85, tail 3*5, 
tarsus 0*75. 


Young. Browner than the adults, the feathers of the upper surface 
obscurely edged with rufous, the wing-coverts tipped with dull 
rufous; eye-streak very indistinct; band across the fore neck 
browner than in the adult. 


Obs. Bhipidura longicauda of Wallace is this species, and is 
apparently only the adult male. The latter sex I am unable to 
describe with certainty, not one of the series in the British Museum 
being determined by dissection. Mr. Wallace describes B. longicauda 
as "very near B.javanica, from which it differs iu the longer tail, 
narrower white tips to only three outer tail-feathers, and the black 


^chin." Having not only Mr. Wallace's series, but a much larger 
one besides in the Museum from Labuan, I am able to state positively 
that these differences are not specific. There is an example 
from Labuan exactly agreeing with the type of It longicauda, and 
it is evidently of the same species as the other Labuan birds, which 
again agree with Javan examples of It. javaniea. At the same time 

B. longicauda is probably the old male, as it is darker than the 
female described, has the head blacker, the hind neck washed with 
slaty grey, the eyebrow very distinct, the under surface white with 
a slight tinge of fawn-colour, the chin with a very little black, the 
collar on the throat intensely black, except at the sides, which are 
slaty grey, the lateral breast-feathers mottled, half black and half 
white : total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*25, tail 4*1, 
tarsus 0*9. The breadth of the tips to the tail-feathers varies 
greatly, as does also the amount of black on the chin, which depends 
very much on the way in which the skin is prepared. 
llab. Indo-Chinese countries, Tenasserim, and Cochin China, 
ranging down the Malayan peninsula to the Sunda Islands. 


334 MUSCICAPIDiE. 

Half of the tail of Rhipidura javanica (reduced). 

a. Ad. sk. E. Java. A. R Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
W. Java (E. C. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.]. 
by c. Ad.; d-g. Juv. sk. Buxton). 
Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0. 1 

h. Ad. sk. J^Fype of JR. longiccmda.) 
Labuan. Governor Ussher [0.1. 
i, k. Ad. sk. Labuan (Low). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
L Ad.; m. Juv. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.]. 
n, o. Ad. sk. Sarawak. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 


p. J ad. sk. Banjerm assing. J. Motley, Esq. f0.]. 
#. Ad. sk. Penang. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
r. Ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.| 
s. c? ad.; £. Juv. sk. Tenasserim. J.C. D.-Packman,Esq.[P.' 
u. Ad. sk. Saigon, Cochin M. E. Pierre [P.]. 
v-y. Ad. sk. China. 
44. Rhipidura nigritorquis. 
Rhipidura nigritorquis, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 97 ; Gray, Gen. B. 
i. p. 259; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 936; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. 
new series, i. p. 325. 
Muscicapa bambusae, Kittl. Kupf. Vog. p, 7, pi. 9. fig. 2 ; id. Menz. 
Acad. St. Petersb. ii. p. 5, pi. 6. 
Leucocerca javanica, Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 30 (nee Sparrm.). 
Leucocerca nigritorquis, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 182; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 

1877, pp. 693, 759, 826; id. P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 109, 284, 709. 

Adult male. General colour above brown, the lateral upper tail-
coverts with, a white bar on them ; crown, lores, and sides of face 
blackish, the sides of the neck and hind neck greyish; over the eye 
a white streak; wings brown, the least wing-coverts washed with 
ashy grey ; tail-feathers ashy brown, with reddish-brown shafts, 
very broadly tipped with white, occupying the terminal third of the 
feather ; throat pure white,with no black on the chin; across the lower 

throat a broad band of black, washed with grey on the sides ; rest of 
under surface of body pale ochreous bufT, the sides of the body 
brown ; thighs brown, edged with white; under wing-coverts brown, 

45 . EHIPIDURA. 
with white edgings ; " bill black; legs black; iris very dark brown " 

(A. Everett). Total length 7*2 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3*3, tail 4, 
tarsus 0*85, 
Half of the tail of Rhipidura nigritorquis (reduced). 

Hob. Philippines: islands of Luzon, Cebu, Mindanao, Dinagat, 
$egros, Bohol, and Palawan. 

a. $ ad. sk. Puerto Princesa; Palawan. Prof. J. B. Steere [0.]. 
" ^ 45. Rhipidura pectoralis. 

Rhipidura fuscoventris, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85 (nee Frankl.); 
cf. Slyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 42. 
Leucocerca pectoralis, Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. text to pi. ii.; Blyth, J. 

A. S.B. xii. p. 935 (1843); id. Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 200; Bp. 
Consp, I p. 323 : Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 453; Butler, 8. F. 1875, p. 466; 
Hume, Neststy'Fggs Ind. B. p. 203; id. 8. F. 1870, pp. 415,421. 
Rhipidura pectoralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258; id. HandX B.i. p. 331, 
no. 4986. 
Muscipeta leucogaster, Cuv. Mus. Paris-, Pucher. Arch. Mm. vii. 

p. 333 (1854). 
Leucocerca leucogaster, Blyth, Ibis, 1806, p. 371; Fairb. Str. F. 1870, 
p. 257. 
Adult General colour above earthy brown, the head blackish, as 
also the sides of the face and ear-coverts; over the eye a very broad 
streak of white from the base of the bill; wing-coverts like the back, 
the median series slightly tipped with fulvous spots ; quills brown, 
rather more ashy brown on their edges; tail ashy brown, becoming 
rather paler towards the tips of the feathers, which are 
buffy white, the latter colour more extended on the outer feathers; 
chin black ; throat white, some of the feathers with obsolete blackish 
margins; rest of under surface of body creamy buff, deeper on 
the under tail-coverts, separated from the throat by a black collar 
across the lower throat; the sides of the breast blackish also, the 
lower part of the black barred with half-concealed ovate spots of 

336 
MUSCICAPIDJE. 

white ; ' thighs brown ; axillaries brown, externally ochraceous ; 
under wing-coverts whitish, with dusky bases to the feathers : " bill 
and feet black; iris dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length 7 inches, 
culmen 0-45, wing 2*85, tail 3*85, tarsus 0*75. 

Half of the tail of Rhvpzdura pectoralis (reduced). 

Hah. Southern India. 

a. Ad. sk. India. 
b. 
Ad. sk. Godavery Valley, near Duma- W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 
gndium, April 16, 1871. 
46. Rhipidura layardi. 
Rhipidura albogularis, Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 29,434 {nee Less.) ; 
Finsch, P. Z. & 1876, p. 20; id. Jowrn. Mtus. Godeffr. Heft xiL 

p. 9. 
Rhipidura albicollis {nee V.)9 Layard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 493. 
Rhipidura layardi, Salvad. Ibis, 1877, p. 143. 
Adult male. General colour above smoky brown, the upper tail-
coverts darker; head and neck more ashy brown, slightly varied with 
nearly obsolete darker markings on the tips of the feathers; sides of 
face also ashy brown, with a distinct streak of white from the base 
of the nostrils to above the eye; behind the eye an indistinct whitish 
streak running above the ear-coverts; wing-coverts smoky brown, 
"with a few tiny spots of white at the tips of some of the median and 
greater coverts, which are rather darker brown like the quills, the 
innermost secondaries washed with smoky brown like the back; 
tail-feathers blackish brown, the four outer ones on each side tipped 
with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which is 
also externally white, the shafts of all blackish, excepting for the 

•white tips on the outer feathers, which are accompanied by a white 
shaft; cheeks and throat dull whitish, unspotted ; fore neck white, 
with broad black centres to the feathers, imparting a broadly streaked 
appearance to this part and the breast, which is, like the rest of 
under surface, ochraceous buff, broadly streaked with black, the 
45. RHIPIDUKA. 
streaks becoming browner and narrower towards the abdomen, 
which is unspotted; sides of body brown; thighs brown; under 
tail-coverts white, the longer ones dull brown with whitish tips; 
under wing-coverts and axillarios brown, with light ochraceous or 
whitish edgings ; " bill black; legs dark brown; iris brown " {Layard). 
Total length 6'5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*2, tail 3*65, tarsus 0*75. 

Young. Coloured as in adult, but much duller, with the back 
washed with rusty and with rust-coloured edges to the wing-coverts 
and secondaries; below, the streaks much more obscure; white 
streaks on the sides of the head indistinct. 

Bab. Fiji group of islands: Ovalau, Yiti Levu. 

a. 
6 ad. bk. Ovalau, Nov. 4,1874 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
(JS1 L. Layard). 
b. $ juv. sk. 
Ovalau, Dec. 10,1874. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Viti Levu (Klemsehmidt). GodefFroy Museum. 
47. Rhipidura erytkronota. (Plate X. fig, 1.) 
Rhipidura albicollis, Layard, Ibis, 1876, p. 392 (pt.). 
Adult female. Similar to B. layardi, from Ovalau and Yiti Levu, 

but differing in its rufous back (not to be confounded with the young 

plumage of B. layardi); wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, 

externally slightly washed with the same colour as the back, some 

of the median and greater coverts with remains of whitish tips; 

under surface of body as in B. layardi, but rather richer ochraceous, 

the black streaks few in number, broader and not extending below 

the upper breast; 
under wing-coverts rufous ; tail as in B. layardi. 

Total length 6*1 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3*2, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*85. 

Ilab. Fiji group; island of Yanua Levu. 

a. 
2 ad. sk. Vanua Levu, Oct. 23,1875 Qodeiiroy Museum. 
(Kteinschmidt). 
b. Ad. sk. Savu Savu Bay, Feb. 3,1877. Dr. Smith [O.l 
c. $ juv. sk. Savu Savu Bay, Jan. 17,1877. Dr. Smith [C.J. 
48. Rhipidura rufilateralis. (Plate X. fig. 2.) 
Rhipidura albicollis, Layard, Ibi$} 1876, pp. 149, 392 (pt.). 

Adult male. Resembling B. erytkronota in having the upper sur


face rufous-brown, but the head only a little duller than the back, 

whereas in both species from the other Fiji islands the head is ashy 

and contrasts with the back. Underneath, the white of the throat 

occupies also the fore neck and chest, the dusky spots being few in 

number, terminal 
and triangular, and not continuing upon the ab


domen, which is 
rufous like the flanks and under wing-coverts; 

thighs rufous; under tail-coverts white; " bill black, the lower 

mandible white; legs horn-brown; iris brown" (E. L. Layard). 

Total length 5*7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*75, tail 3*1, tarsus 0*75. 

Obs. This is a smaller species than the other rufous-back Fijian 

Bliipidurw; and I may mention, in case it may be supposed to be an 

338 
MTTSCICAmxaS. 

immature bird, that the description is taken from a male marked 
" breeding " by Mr. Layard, and that the other specimens in the 
Museum appear to be equally adult. 

Hal. Fiji group; island of Taviuni. 

a. S ad. sk. Ngila, Taviuni, July 17,1875. E. L. Layard, Esq. [0.1. 
b. 6 ad. sk. Ngila, Aug. 10, 1875. E. L. Layard, Esq. [C. j . 
c. 
<S ad. sk. Taviuni, April 8,1875 (F. L. Kev. S. J. "Whitmee. 
Layard). 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Taviuni, Nov. 1875 (Klein- Godeffroy Museum. 
schmidt). 
49. Khipidura hyperythra. 
Khipidura rufiventris (nee Vieill), Mull. 8f Sehl. Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. 
Zand- en Volhenh. p. 185, note ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 323; Sclater, P\ Linn. Soc. 1858, p. 161 ,* Finsck, 
Neu-Guinea, p. 169. 

Khipidura hyperythra, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 176; id. Cat. B. Neio 
Guinea, p. 28; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. B. L 

p. 331, no. 4977; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 606. 
Khipidura, sp., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4976. 
Khipidura rnuelleri,* Meyer, Sitz. h. AJcad. Wien, lxix. p. 502; Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. x. p. 135. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above slaty grey, a little 
darker on the crown and sides of the head, the lores and feathers 
round the eye blackish• over the eye a distinct white streak, and a 
second narrow line of white above the upper edge of the ear-coverts 
less distinctly indicated; cheeks, chin, and moustache white : centre 
of throat black, widening out upon the lower throat; rest of under 
surface of body orange-rufous, slightly paler towards the lower abdomen 
and vent; thighs slaty grey; under wing-coverts pale orange-
buff ; quills ashy below, whitish along the inner webs ; wings above 
resembling the back, the greater series and secondaries brown, 
washed externally with grey, the primaries entirely brown; median 
and greater coverts tipped with burl or whitish spots; tail slaty 
black, the three outer feathers tipped with white, with an obscure 
subterminal band of dull brown ; " bill black, the lower mandible 
yellow; feet dusky olive" (Wallace). Total length 6*4 inches, 
culmen 0*5, wing 2*8, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*65. 

Hob. Aru Islands and N.W. New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 
(Type of species.) 
50, Khipidura albifrontata. 
Khipidura albofrontata, FranJd. PZnJS. 1831, p. 116; Blyth, J. A. 

S. B. xii. p. 935; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. %58; Mors/. St Moore, Cat. B. 
Mus. F.I. Co. I p. 145; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4985. 
- Khipidura aureola, Less. Traite, p. 390; Pitcher. Arch. Mm. vii. 
p. 373, 
Leucocerca albofronlata, 
Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 12; id. III. Ind. 
Om. pi. 2; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 206; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 324; Blyth $ Wold. B. Burnt, p. 132; Hume, Wests and Eggs, 
45 . KH1PIDXJEA, 
339 

hid. B. p. 201 j Ball, Sir. F. 1874, p. 404; Butler, 8. F. 1875, 

p. 467; Fairk 8. F. 1870, p. 257\ Hume $ Davison, 8. F. 1877, 
p. 225. 
Leucocerca compressirostris, "Blyth" Jerd. B. Lid. i, p.453; Bh/th, 
Ibis, 1866, p. 370. 
Rhipidura compressirostris, Gray, Hand4. B. L p. 331, no. 4988. 
Leucocerca aureola, Blyth, Ibis) I860, p. 370; Adam} 8tr. F 1873, 

p. 377; Cock # Marsh, I c. p. 352; Hume, t c. pp. 178, 436, et 
1875, p. 104. 
Adult male. General colour above ashy brown; wing-coverts like 
the back, all, including the primary-coverts, terminally tipped with 
triangular spots of white; quills brown, externally edged with ashy 
brown, the secondaries with hoary white; tail-feathers brown, all 
but the two centre ones tipped with white, which increases in 
extent towards the outermost, on which it occupies more than the 
terminal half and the entire outor web; crown of head slaty black, 
as also the lores and sides of face; a broad frontal band and the 
sides of the crown white; cheekb and throat white, with black bases 
to the feathers, the plumes of the lower throat less broadly edged 
with white, so that it appears blacker; rest of under surface of body 
pure white, including the under wing-coverts; axillaries dark brown, 
edged with whitish; thighs white, with brown bases; "bill and 
legs black; iris deep brown" (Jerdori). Total length 6*7 inches, 

culmen 0*5, wing 3*15, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but browner and rather less 
ashy. Total length 6*7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*35, tail 3*65, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Yomig. Differs from the adult in having rusty margins to the 
feathers of the upper surface, especially the wing-coverts, and in 
having the white under surface slightly washed with rusty. 

Hah, India and Ceylon, extending into Sindh to the westward, 

and eastward through Burmah to Pegu. 

a. Ad. sk. Behar. B, H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. India. 
Zoological Society. 
c. Ad., d. J ad. sk N.W. Himalayas. Oapt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
e. Ad. sk. Rawul Pindee. Oapt! T. Biddulph [O.l. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Deyra. Cant. T. Biddulph [0.]. 
&/Ad. sk. 
Gondiil, Kattia-w ar, Major J. Hayes Lloyd 
Nov. 28,1871. [P.]. 

i. 
Juv. sk. Sheenogah district, My- Oapt. O. H. T. Marshall 
sore, April 4,1875. [P.]. 
k. Ad. sk. Malabar. Purchased. 
I Ad. sk. Madras. Rev. H. H. Baber [C.]. 
m. Ad. sk. Mahabaleshwar hills. Colonel Sturt [P.]. 
n. 
S ad. sk. Upper defile of the Ira- Dr. J. Anderson [0.]. 
wady, March 1875. 
51. Ithipi&ura tricolor. 
Muscicapa tricolor, Vieill N. Diet, $ Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 490; Pitcher. 
Bev. Zool 1865, p. 15. 

340 MUSCICAPID-E. 

Rhipidura niotaeilloides, Vig. $r Horsf. Tr. Zhm. SJC. xv. p. 246; 
Gould, B. Austr. fol. ii. pi. 86; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 32.3; Reichenb. Vog. NeuhoB. pp. 224,286; -2o«/. # 
Ifoo/'e, Co*. J?. Mus. El. Co. i. p. 146; .Knacft, NeurGmnea, 

p. 169; Gray, JSTaraM. J?, i. p. 332, no. 4993. 
Muscipeta melanoleuca, Quoy ei Gaim. Voy. de VAstroL, Zod* I. p. 180. 
Leucocerca laticauda, Sicains. Monogr. Flyc. p. 130, pi. 11RMpidura 
picata, Gould, B. Austr. folio, Intr. p. xixix ; Bp. Consp. 
i. p. 823; Reichenb. Yog. NeuMl p. 286; Gray, Hand-L B. I 
p. 332, no. 4994. 
Rhipidura nielanoleuca, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; id. Hand-!. B. i. 
p. 332, no. 4995. 
Sauloprocta melanoleuca, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57, Bote. 
Sauloprocta niotacilloides, Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. I. p. 57;^ Gould, 
Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 244; Barmay, Proc, Linn. Soc. JV. S. W. 

ii.p. 182. 
Sauloprocta picata, Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. L p. 57, note; Gould9 Handb. 
B. Austr. i. p. 246; Bajnsay, Proc. Linn. S'oc.X. S. W. ii. p. 1&2. 
Sauloprocta laticauda, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. L p. 57, note. 
Rhraidura mimoides, MUUer, MS.^ unde Gray, P Z, S. 18o8, p. 175; 
Finsch, Keu-Guinea, p. 169; 6r?w/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 332T no. 4997, 

RMpidura atripennis, Orm/, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 175; «?. OiL i?. 37 w 
Guinea, p. 29; Finseh, Weu-Guima. p. 169; Gray, HandrL B. L 
p; 332, no. 4996. 

Rhipidura tricolor, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl Pacific Ocean, p. 17; 

Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 29; Gray, Hand-l B. I p. 332, no. 4998. 
RMpidura Iaticauda, Gray, Hand~l B. i. p. 332f no. 499!}. 
Sauloprocta tricolor, Sdlvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. \ ii. p. 819, ix. 

p. 24. 
Adult male. General colour above black, the leabt wing-covert* 
and scapulars like the back; remainder of wing-coverts brown, 
tipped with pale fawn-buff; quills brown, the inner secondaries 
blacker, like the back; tail black; sides of face, throat, fore neck, 
and sides of breast black; over the eye a narrow black line; ^ome 
of tbe throat-feathers witb whitisb edgings; remainder ot under 
surface white; thighs black; under wing-coverts black, edged with 

•white; lower surface of quills ashy brown; b* biH and feet Mack; 
iris black " {Gould). Total length 7*8 inches, crimen 0*6, wing &•&>, 
tai l 4-25, tarsus 1. 
Obs. Tbe description is taken from a South-Australian specimen 
o£H. motacHloldes ; and between this and i?. melanohitca there seems 
to be absolutely no difference except that of size. Mr. Gould bus 
described a third form, R. picata, from ^Tortb Australia^ which forms 
a smaller race. I propose to keep these birds under one specific 
name , separating them in the list of specimens according to locality, 
and I give the length of the wing in each case. It will be seen that 
th e specimens of B. motacilhides have the wing ranging from *S~($5 
to 3"95 inches, B. picata 8*45 to 3*76, JR. melanoleuca 3'il to 4*25. In 
face of these fkcts, how can three species be recognized? Tbe extent 
of the black on the throat varies, and is apparently influenced by 
the preparation of the skin; and there is great difference in tbe distinctness 
of the white eyebrow and of the white edgings to the 
cheek-£»lumes, even in skins from the same locality. 

45 . EHIPIDXJEA. 
34 J 
Eab. Australia, Molucca Islands, New Guinea and Am Islands, 
Solomon Islands, New Ireland. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. S ad. sk. 
cl Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad, sk. 
g. J ad. sk. 
h. J ad. sk. 
/. Ad. sk. 
k. 
cJ ad. sk. 
I 
Ad. st. 

m. Ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
o. 1mm. sk. 
p. <$ ad. sk. 
q, r. § ad. sk. 
s. S ad. sk, 
tf. $ ad. sk. 
w. Ad. sk. 
v. J ad. sk. 
w. Ad. sk. 
#. Ad sk. 
y. Ad. sk. 
k 5 ad. sk. 
a', $ ad. sk.

a. 
R. motacilloides. 
Australia. Linnean Socieiy [P.1 (Type of 

R. motacilloides.) (Wing 3*8.) 
Australia. (Wing 3-95.) 
S. Australia. 
Sir George Grey [P.], 
(Wing 3-65.) 
Australia. 
Sir D. Cooper [P.l. 
(Wing 3-95.) ' 

b. i?. pirata* 
Port Essington. Capt. Chambers fP.l. 
(Wing 3-65.) 
Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. IP.]. 
(Wing 3-65.) 
Dep6t, N.W. Australia, J. R Elsey 
ElseyElsey,
,, Esq:.'[P.].

. Esq. "' 
Nov. 1855, (Wing 3-8.) 
Victoria Itiver,NOT, 1855. J. B. Elsey, Esq. [P.], 
(Wing 3-45.) 
Port Moresby, S.E. New 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.l 
Guinea. (Wing 3-75.) 


c. 
R. melanoleuca. 
Wanga, 
San Christoval, J. Brenchley, Esq, [P.]. 
Solomon Islands, Aug. (Wing'4-15.; 
1865. 


New Ireland. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 
Salwati. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [Cl 
(Wing 4-15.) 
Salwati. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Wing 3-9.) 
New Guinea, Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 
(Wing 3-9.) 
Aru Islands. A. R Wallace, Esq. [C.l. 
(Wing 3*95.) 
Aru Islands. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.], 
(Wing 3-9-4-0.) 
Mysol. A. P. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Wing 4-25.) 
WTaigiou. A. R Wallace, Esq. [C], 
(Wing 4-05.) 
Goram. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Wing 4-1.) 
Bouru. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Wing 3-957) 
Ceram. 


A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Wing 4-05.) 
A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
Amboyna. 

(Wing 4-25.) 
Amboyna. 


Purchased. (Wing 4.) 

A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.].
Gilolo. 

(Wing 4-2.) 

A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.].
Batekian. 

(Wing 4-05.) 

342 
MTJSCICAPID^E. 

V. 
Ad. sk. Batehian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Wing 3-95.) 
c'. 5 ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Wing 4-15.) 
d'. Ad. sk. Ternate. Purchased. (Wing 4*2-5.) 

46. NEOMYIAS. 
Rhipidura (pt.), auct. recent. 
Foot of Neomyias euryura. 

Range. Confined to Java and Borneo. 

1. Neomyias euryura. 
Rhipidura euryura, S. Miill. Natuurl. Gesch. Land-enVolkenk. p. 185, 
note • Gray, Gen. B. i.p. 259 • Bp. Consp. i. p. 323 • Gray, Hand-l. 

B. i. p. 331, no. 4987. 
Leucocerca euryura, Salvad. TJcc. Born. p. 136. 
Adult female. General colour above bluish slate-colour, the wing-
coverts like the back; greater series and quills blackish, edged with 
slaty blue, like the back; tail blackish, the two outer feathers tipped 
with white, confined to the outer web on the penultimate one; a 
broad line of white from the base of the bill above the eye; lores, 
feathers round the eye, and sides of face blackish; throat, breast, 
and sides of body bluish slaty, rather duller than the back, the 
centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts white; thighs brown ; 
under wing-coverts brown, with white edges; axillaries bluish 
slaty, like the breast. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 
3*25, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*6. 

Hab. Java and Borneo. 

a. Imm. sk. Java. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
b. 5 ad. sk. W. Java. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
c. Ad. sk, Borneo. 
Purchased. 
47. ZEOCEPHUS. Ty e 
Zeocephus, Bp. C. It. xxxviii. p. 652 (1854) Z. rufus. 
Head of Zeocephis rufus. 
Mange. Confined to the Philippine Islands. 

47 . S5K0CEP11US. 
:m 

Keif to the Species. 

a. General colour of plumage cinnamon-red above 
and "below. 
a'. Belly cinnamon, like the breast rufus, p. 343. 
//. Belly white , cinnamomeus, p. 343. 

b. General colour greyish cobalt above and below ; 
lores, a narrow frontal line, and chin-spot black cyanescens, p. 348. 
1. Zeocephus rufas. 
Tchitrea rufa, Gray, Ann. J\T. II xi. p. 371; id. §* Mitch. Gen. B. 
i. p. 260, pi. 64; Bp. Consp. i. p. 325: id. Ilcmd-l B. i, p. 334, no. 
5025. 
Zeoceplius rufus, Bp. Compte Rendus, xxxviii. p. 652; Cass. U. S. 

JExpl. Exp. p. 144; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 183 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. 

Soc. new series, i. p. 328. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above and below rich 
cinnamon-rufous or bright chestnut; quills inclining to brown at the 
tips of the inner webs; tail entirely deep chestnut, the centre feathers 
elongated, the tail graduated; round the eye a distinct wattle. 
Total length 7*4 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 3*4, tail 3*95, tarsus 0*7. 

Hob. Island of Luzon, Philippines. 

a. 
Ad. st. Oataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Oataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.l 
2. Zeocephus cinnamomeus. 
Zeocephus cinnamomeus, Sharpe, Tr. Linn, Soc. new series, i. p. 329, 
pi. 48. fig. 1. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above and below 
clear bright cinnamon, the scapulars and wing-coverts uniform 
with the back; primary-coverts and quills blackish brown, externally 
light cinnamon and having the inner web edged with the 
same colour for the greater part of its length ; tail deep chestnut, 
the four centre feathers brownish at tip ; lower surface of body 
rather brighter than the upper, the abdomen whitish * round the eye 
a wattled eyelid ; " iris dark" {Steere). Total length 7*5 inches, 
culmen 0*75, wing 3*4, tail 3*35, tarsus 0*7. (CoU. J. B. Steere.) 

Hob. Island of Basilan, Philippines. 

3. Zeocephus cyanescens. 
Zeocephus cyanescens, Sharpe1 Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 328, 
pi. 48.%. % 

Adult male (type of species). General colour greyish cobalt or 
smalt-blue, the back a little duller than the head and under surface 
of the body, which are rather brighter; quills blackish brown, externally 
washed with the same colour as the back, the innermost 
secondaries entirely greyish; middle tail-feathers also dull blue-grey, 
the remainder blackish brown, externally washed with the same 

344 MTJSCICAPID^. 

blue-grey ; a narrow frontal line, lores, a spot at the base of the 
lower mandible, and the chin black; wattled eyelid bright blue; 
bill bright blue, inside of mouth and tongue leaf-green ; iris black. 
Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 3-85, tail 4-25, tarsus 
0-75. {Coll. J. B. Steere.) 

Hob. Island of Palawan, Philippines. 

48. TERPSIPHONE*. Tvpe. 
Muscivora (pt,), Cuvier, Lecons Anat. Comp. tabl. ii. 
Muscipeta (pt.), id. Regne Anim. i. p. 345 (1817). 
(Terpsiphone, Gloger, in Fro?nep's Notiz. xvi. p. 278 (1827) ^R-fftwdwj""" 
Tchitrea, Less. Traite oTOm. p. 386 (1831) T. paradisu 

Bill of Terpsiphone parodist. 

Range. Prom Africa and Madagascar to India, Ceylon, and the 
Burmese countries, through China to Japan; Malayan peninsula ; 
Java; Sumatra; Borneo ; Flores. 

Key to the Sjyeeies. 

a. Tail white, with more or less of black margins. 
a'. Under surface of body white. 
a". Larger; culmen not less than 0'8 inch; 
tail exceeding 12 inches in length. 
arn. Occipital crest long and pointed, •' 
reaching in prepared skin as far 
as the mantle j feathers not 
black-shafted , paradisi S, p. 346. 

bm. Occipital crest moderate and restricted, 
forming a dense circular 
crest not produced beyond 
the nape ; feathers black-
shafted, including the long tail-
plumes qffinis <$ ad., p. 349. 

* Cuvier's genus Muscivora was a composite one, and intended to embrace not 
only some broad-billed Flycatchers of the Old World, but also some of the New-
World Tyrant-Flycatchers. Muscipeta of Cuvier, 1817, was intended by him to 
replace his Muscivora of 1799; but the name could not then be used, as it was 
preoccupied by Muscipeta of Koch, 1816, proposed for the Reed-Warblers of 
Europe. Muscivora is now restricted to the Crested Tyrants of the New World 
(M. regia, &c.); and it is therefore quite proper to employ the name Terpsiphone 
of G-loger for the Paradise Flycatchers, which formed the Old-World, 
section of Cuvier's original genus Muscivora. 
48. TERPSIPHONE. 
345 

V\ Smaller; culinen not exceeding 0*0 
inch ; tail about 7 inches in length midata <$ ad., p. 353. 
b\ Under surface of body slaty grey, metallic 
green on the throat, cristata tf ad., p. 350. 


6. Tail chestnut like the back. 
c'. Under tail-coverts orange or light rufous-
if buff. ° ° 
e". Abdomen orange, like the breast. 
<?"'. Throat orange, like the rest of the 
under surface. 
a4. Crown only steel-green, forming 
a well-defined cap. 
a\ Tail 6*7 inches long mutata <£, p. 352. 
b\ Tail 3*25 inches long mutata $, p. 352. 

^ b4. Crown and nape steel-green.... vidpina, p. 353. 
d"f. Throat glossy black; rest of under 
surface orange. 
c\ Crest elongated and surpassing 
the nape, metallic steel-green. rujiventris ad., p. 360. 
d4. Crest velvety, the feathers not 
elongated, purplish black ... . nigriceps ad., p. 359. 
d". Abdomen buff or Wiy white. 
e'". Throat and breast grey, without 

steely gloss; head steel-green. 
e\ Tail 8*2 inches long ajjfinis $ imm., p. 349, 
J*. Tail 4*15 inches long affinis J ad., p. 349. 

f". Throat and breast grey, with steely 
gloss; head purplish princeps §, p. 361, 
e]\ Abdomen grey, like the breast. 
gv\ Throat glossed and blacker than 
the breast. 

(j4. Culmen 0-7 inch long; throat and 
side of face glossy, out not more 
ashy than the crown of head.. mm <$ imm., p, 351. 

h4. Culmen 0*65 inch long; sides of 
face and throat equally glossy 
as the crown eristata 2 imm., p. 355. 

h'". 
Throat uniform with breast and 
scarcely any perceptible gloss.. cristata $ ad., p. 355. 

d1 

. Under tail-coverts white. 
/" . Throat glossy, exactly like the crown. 
?"'. Primary quills blackish, externally 
edged with rufous. 
i4. Breast and flanks grey; centre of 
abdomen whitish. 
c5. Back and tail maroon; inner secondaries 
with black centres incii <$ ad,, p, 350. 

d5. Back and tail bright chestnut, 
as also the inner secondaries, 
which have no black 
shafts perspicilhta c? ad., p. 358. 

kK Under surface from lower throat # [p. 362. 
downwards pure white corvina 5 et <$ juv., 

#". Primary-quills chestnut, somewhat 
shaded with brown at tip 
of inner web. 


I4. Jlind neck glossy steel-green, like 
sides of head and throat.... paradisi S imm., p. 348, 
YQL, IT. 2 A 

346 
3ITTSCICAPIDJS. 

m1. Hind neck chestnut like the 
"back; head and nape only 
glossy steel-green ....... . erythropiera S &d.; P- 357. 

g". Throat grey, only a little darker than 
the breast. 
/'". Throat distinctly glossed. 
n\ Quills Hack, edged with chestnut. 


e5. Entire breast grey, only the 
lower abdomen white; culnien 
0*7 inch affinis <S juv., p. 350. 

y5, Breast grey; entire abdomen 
white; culnien 0*85 inch .. iticii $ ad., p. 351. 
o4. Quills rufous-brown at end of 
inner web erythropiera $ ad., p. 357. 
mT". Throat grey like breast, without 
any gloss at all. 
p>\ Head metallic steel-green, as 
well as a long occipital crest.. paradisi $ ad., p. 347. 
<?4. Head dull greyish, with a slight 

gloss. 
aQ. Tail 3*2 inches perspieillata $ ad., p. 358. 
bQ. Tail 4*5 inches . < perspieillata <$ juv., p. 358. 

c. Tail grey, a little darker than the "back, 
whichis also grey tricolor, p. 359. 
d. Tail black. 
e'. Under tail-coverts white, like the abdomen; 
back maroon; head and throat 
purplish princeps, p. 361. 


f. 
Under tail-coverts grey, like the abdomen 
and breast; back chestnut; head 
and throat glossy steel-black; secondaries 
edged with white crktata £ imm.^p. 355. 
</. Under tail-coverts glossy black, like the 
abdomen. 
h". Indigo-black, the feathers of the head 
velvety; tail 10*5 inches corvzna <$ ad., p. 362. 


i". Greenish black, the feathers of the 
head tipped with glossy steel-green, 
giving a scaled appearance ..... . atriehalybea $ ad., p. 302. 

1. Terpsiphone paradisi 
The Pyed Bird of Paradise, Edwards, Nat Hist. Birds, iii. pi. 113. 
Le Gobe-mouche blanc hupe* du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Briss. 

Om. ii. p. 414, pi. 41. fig. 1*; Daubent. PI Enl. v. pi. 234. 
La Pie de l'isle Papou, Briss. t c. p. 45. 
Muscicapa paradisi, Linn. Syst. Nat i. p. 324 (e$ Briss.). 
Paradise Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. JSyn. ii. p. 345. 
Le Gobe-mouches Tchitrec-be* roux, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iii. pi. 144; 

Sundev. Crit om Levaill, p. 40. 
Le Gobe-mouches Tchitrec-be* blanc, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr.ili. pL 145; 
Sundev. t c. p. 40. 
Le Tchitrec-b6, Levaill Ois. d?Afr. iii. pL 146; Sundev. t e. p. 40. 

* Probably drawn from a specimen of T. affinis, judging from the black shaft-
lines distinctly indicated in the dorsal feathers. 
48 . !KBIUPail»H0N13. 
347 

Muacicapa paradisi, Cuvier, Bkpie Anim. 1817, i. p. &J1 note' 
tykes, P. Z. & 1832, p. 84 j Jm£ J//. Ztf. Orn. pi. 7 ; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 325 j G-Wc/; P. ^.sw?, part v.; Cta. Pr. JPhilad. Acad. I860, 
p. 40, note. ' 
Muscipeta indica, Steph. Gen.Zool xiii. p. Ill: Sylm, P. Z. S.1832, 
p. 84. ' 
Muscipeia castanea, Temm. PL Col hi. text to pi. 584;? id. Tall 
Metk. p. 23.

Tehitrea paradisi, Less, Traite, p. 386 j Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259: 
Blyth, Cat. Mm. A, S, B. p. 203; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. Mus. E,L 
Co. i. p. 133 ; Gray, Cat Mamm. #c. Nepal Coll Hodgs. pr 93; Jerd. 

B. hid. i. p. 444 j Gray, Iland-l B. i. p. 332, no. 6002; Ilmne, 
Ibis, 1869, p. 9 j Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 409; Ball, Str. P. 1873, 
p. 403; Hume, t c. p. 474; id. S. F. 1875, p. 102; id. Nests and 
Eggs Ind. B. p. 196 ; Severtz. Tm-hest. Jevotn. p. 188 ; Dresser, Ibis, 
1876, p. 188 ; Blyth 8? Wold. B. Burm. p. 13L 
Muscipeta leucogaster, Swains, Monogr. Flyc. p. 205, pi. 24; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 325. 
Terpsipaone paradisi, Cab. Mus. Hdn. Th. i, p. 58. 
Tehitrea leucogaster, Gray, Iland-l B. i. p. 333, no. 5015. 


Nestling. General colour above dull chestnut, the wing-coverts 
coloured iike the back, the primary-coverts and quills dark brown, 
externally chestnut, the innermost secondaries entirely of the latter 
colour ; tail entirely rufous; head dusky, the feathers edged with 
dull chestnut; throat and chest dusky, slightly washed with rufous; 
rest of under surface of body dull white. 

Adult female. General colour above light bay, the wing-coverts 
like the back; quills brown, with rufous edgings, the inner secondaries 
like the back; tail entirely light chestnut; crown of head 
and crest glossy greenish black; lores, sides of face, sides of neck, 
and throat grey; rest of under surface of body white, the sides of 
the breast greyish, the flanks tinged with rufous; tinder wing-
coverts white, with a slight rufous tinge; under surface of quills 
ashy brown, light rufous on the inner web. Total length 7*5 inches, 
culmen 0*75, wing 3*45, tail 4, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult male. General colour above pure white, the least wing-coverts 
like back, with black shaft-lines; rest of the wing-coverts white, black 
on the inner webs; quills black, externally white; the inner secondaries 
white, with a black longitudinal mark down the centre; tail 
white, with black shafts and narrow blackish edgings to the 
feathers j head and a long occipital crest, sides of face and of neck, 
and entire throat glossy steel-green; rest of under surface of body 
from the fore neck downwards pure white; quills blackish below, 
white along the inner web ; " bill and orbits lilac-blue; inside of 
mouth pale yellow; legs and feet pale bluish; iris dark brown" 
(Jerdon). Total length 17 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 3*65, tail 5-5, 
middle tail-feathers 13*2, tarsus 0-65. 

Ohs. The changes of plumage in this species are not understood by 
naturalists, and Br. Jerdon Q. c.) alludes to the different opinions 
entertained by Indian observers on the subject. From the series of 
skins in the Museum, I should suggest that the sequence of plumage 
would be as follows, and that the differences of plumage can all be 

2 A 2 

348 
MITSCICAPID.a3. 

accounted for by age and not by season of the year. Unfortunately, 
very few of the skins examined by me have the sex and date of capture 
attached, and so, even if my idea of the sequence is correct, I 
am unable to form an estimate of the time it -would take for a male 
bird to acquire the adult white plumage. 

The nestling described above shows the first dress, which may be 

described as dull chestnut with a whitish belly. 
The adult female is also described. 
The male at first resembles the old female, "but has the glossy 

crown and crest, as well as the throat, steel-green; rest of under 
surface white; tail rufous, longer than in the old female. 

The next dress is like the foregoing, but with a long red tail, and 
with the quills and primary-coverts edged with white, only the inner 
secondaries being rufous like the back. Erom the perfect character 
of this plumage, as well as from the number of specimens which 
exhibit it, it would appear to be the full breeding-plumage of the 
male at some period or other, probably in the second year. 

At the same time this and the preceding stage of plumage may 
be of the same period in the bird's life, as there is one specimen before 
me now with the white centre tail-feathers full-grown, and a 
few white feathers coming in the centre of the back, while the wings 
are still rufous. 

In the red-tailed stage, when the long red centre tail-feathers are 
worn along with the metallic head and throat, the specimens from 
South-eastern India and Ceylon differ from those from Northern and 
North-western India in having the chest and sides of the body grey 
and not white. 

The change from the red to the full white plumage seems to be accomplished 
partly by a change of feather, and partly by a direct 
moult. 

Bob. India and Ceylon. Breeds also in Turkestan. 

a. $ ad.; b, $ ad. si Cashmere. E.M.Langworthy,Esq. T.Jc, 
d. J imm. sk, Cashmere. E. M. Langworthy, Esq/P. j
e< c? imm. sk. Cashmere, 8000 feet. Purchased. 
f, g, $ ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Staekhyu.se Pin will 
fp.]. 
h~h. <$ imm.; L J N.TV. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 

ad. sk. 

m. (S ad. sk Mnrree, June 7,1862. fro-
n. 2 ad. sk. Mtirree, June 22. Capt. C. H. T. Marshall TA 
1872. Capt. C. II. T. Marshall > . j o. 
S imm. sk. Murree, May 15, 
1872. Capt. C. II. T. Marshall [P.]. 
p. 
§ ad. sk. Matheran, Bombay, 
Jan. 25,1872. * Major Hayes Lloyd [P.]. 
q. 
c? imm. sk. Matheran, Jan. 29, 
1872. Major Hayes Lloyd [P.]. 
r. 
c? ad. sk. Matheran, Jan. 21, 
1872. Major Hayes Lloyd [P.]. 
s-v. <$ ad. sk. Nepal. 

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.l 
w. $ imm. sk. Nepal. 
B. H. Hodgwm, Esq. [P.]. 
48 . 
TERPSIFHONiS. 34 9 
.r, y, z. J ad. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [PJ . 
«r, b\ <$ $ ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. IP.JC, 
d', e*. $ ad.; / . Kamptee. Dr. B. Hinde [P,]. 

d ad. sk. 
g\ £ ad. sk. Mysore. Hon. E.I. Co. [P.1 
h', %'. <$ ad. j K,l'9m'. Mahabaleshwur hills. Colonel Sturt [P.J. 

6* juv. sk. 
H\ <$ ad. j o\ <$ Banda. Colonel Sturt [P.], 

juv. sk. 
/. $ ad. sk. Sassowlie. Colonel Sturt [P. J. 
q*. ? ad. sk. Moolus. Colonel Sturt [P.J. 
/*', 5'. c? ad. * t', u\ $ Malabar. Purchased. 

juv. sk. 
v', to', tfad.; x',y\ tf Madras. Rev. II. H. Baber [P.J. 
juv. sk. 
z\ cS juv. j a". <$ Ceylon. Purchased. 
ad. sk. 
b". Pull. sk. India. Hon. E.I. Co. [P.]. 

— 
2. Terpsiphone aflhiis. 
Muscipeta paradisca, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 102 (nee L.). 

Tchitrea aiiinis, A. Hay, 318., ande 

" 
Tchitrea affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 292; id. Cat. B% Mus. A, S. 
B, p. 203; Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 12; Ilorsf. $ Moore, Cat. JE?~ 
Mus. B.I. Co. i. p. 184; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 270; Jerd. JB. 
2nd. i. p. 448; ticlater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 217; 8ehl K T. Z>. iii. 

p. 85; Gray,mnd-l. B. i. 332, no. 5003; Walden. Ibis. 1872, 
p. 373; Blyth 8f Wald. B. Burm. p. 131. 
Muscipeta affinis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 325 : Hume 4' Damon. Str. JF. vi. 
1878, p. 223. 
Tchitrea paradisi, Schl. Dierh. fig. to p. 147 (nee L.). 
Muscipeta affinis, var., Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486. 
Terpsiphone affinis, Sahad. XIcc. Bom. p. 137. 


Adult male. General colour pure white, with shaft-lines of black , 
especially distinct on the greater coverts; quills black, externally 
edged with white, the inner secondaries white, with longitudinal 
black centres to the feathers• tail-feathers white, with blackish 
edges and with distinct black shafts; head, sides of face, and entir© 
throat greenish black, without much metallic gloss; remainder o f 
tinder surface of body, including the under wing-coverts, pure white ; 
quills blackish below, broadly white along the inner web. Tota l 
length 16*2 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 3*6, tail &2, middle tail-
feathers 13, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Genoral colour orange-rufous, brown on the mantl e 
and scapulars: rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail chestnut; wing eoverts 
like the back, the greater series orange-rufous, dusky brow n 
on the inner webs; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and primaries 
black, with a narrow edging of orange-rufous, the secondaries mor e 
broadly margined, the innermost being entirely orange-rufous, with. 
longitudinal blackish, centres to them ; crown and a moderate crest-
glossy steel-blue * sides of face and a narrow collar round the kin d 
neck and entire throat and breast ashy grey • remainder of the unde r 

350 MXTSCICAPIDJB. 

Burface yellowish buff, the sides of the body washed with orange, as 

also the under tail-coverts, which are slightly more rufous; under 

wing-coverts rufescent, whiter at base; quills dark brown below, 

rufous along the inner web. Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0*85, 

wing 3*55, tail 4*15, tarsus 0*6. 

Male in second plumage. Yery similar to the foregoing, but with 

a longer tail, the grey on the throat and breast darker, and the white 

on the belly purer and less fulvous. Total length 9*7 inches, wing 

3-5, culmen 0*85, tail 4, middle tail-feathers 8'2^ tarsus 0*6. 

Hab. Indian Archipelago ; Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Elores, Mala


yan peninsula, Burmese countries, ranging into the Eastern 

Himalayas. 

a. <S imm. sk. East Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. 
b. (S ad, sk. East Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. 
c. d. (S imm. sk. Sumatra. A. E. Wallace, Esq. 
e,f. c? ad. sk. Sumatra. A. E. Wallace, Esq. 
(/. $ ad. sk. Borneo. 
h. '<$ ad. sk. Borneo. Eajah Brooke [P.]. 
i S ad. sk. Pandan, Bintulu. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.]. 
h. $ ad. sk. Lumbidan, N.W. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.]. 
Borneo. 
I, m. 5 ad. sk, Lumbidan (H. Low). E. B. Sharn_e, Esq. [P.]. 

n. J ad. sk. Lumbidari. Governor Ustoher [C.l. 
o. tf ad. sk. Sarawak. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
p, q. S ? ad. sk. Banjermassing. J. E. Motley, Esq. [0.1. 
r. S ad.; s, t. J ad. sk, Plores. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
u. d ad. sk. Malacca. Hon. E.I. Co. [P.]. 
VjW. <$ ad. etjuv.sk. Malacca. W. Harvey, Esq. [P.]. 
x, y. <$ imm. sk. Malacca. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.l. 
z, a'. S imm. sk. Malacca. A. E.Wallace,Esq. [Cj. 
V. <$ ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouyier. 
c'. $ imm. sk. Arakan hills, near W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 
Bassein, Pegu. 
d\ e'. d ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
/'. cS ad. sk. Oamorta Inland, Ni-E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 

cobars, Dec. 1873 

{Cap,. Wimlerley). 

3. Terpsiphone iacii 
Muscipeta incii, Gould, B. Asia, part 4. 
Tchitrea incei, Horsf. §* Moore, Cat. B. Mm. B.L Co. I p. 392; Gray, 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5013; Stvinh. Ibis, 1863, p. 92; id. 

P. Z. S. 1871, p. 381; David $ OustdL Ois. Chine, p. 112, pi. 82. 
Tchitrea principalis, Stoinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 330 (nee Temm.). 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above deep maroon, 
the wing-coverts uniform with the back; quills black, externally 
chestnut, the inner secondaries chestnut, with black along the shafts; 
tail-feathers maroon-chestnut, lighter and more chestnut-brown on 
the inner web; head and crest, nape, sides of face, and throat steel-
green ; fore neck and breast ashy grey; rest of under surface white, 
the flanks washed with greyish ; under wing-coveits and axilkries 
white, the latter slightly washed with grey; quills dusky brown 

48 . TERPSIPHONE. 
351 

below, reddish along the inner webs; " bill and 03 elids cobalt-blue; 
angle of month green; feet greenish; iris brown" (David). Total 
length 13-8 inches, oilmen 0*7, wing 4-8, tail 4*5, middle tail-
feathers 10*3, tarsus 0-6. 

Adult female. Above deep chestnut, the tail entirely of the latter 
colour ; wing-coverts uniform with the back; primary-coverts dusky 
brown; quills blackish, externally chestnut; head above, sides of 
face, and throat dusky steel-green; chest ashy grey ; rest of under 
surface of body creamy white, the flanks washed with dull rufous; 
under wing-coverts white, the quills dusky blackish below, rufous 
along the inner web. Total length 7 inches, culmcn 0*7, wing 3*45, 
tail 3*35, tarsus 0*65. (11MS. IL SeeboJim.) 

Young males in nearly full plumage, with long red tails, are deeper 
chestnut than the adult females, and generally have a slight indication 
of maroon on the mantle. They have almost the entire under 
surface grey, with a little white about the lower abdomen and vent. 
The throat, if not exactly like the adult, is deep slate-colour, with 
a strong wash of steel-green. 

Mr. Swinhoe had a bird from Mngpo in full white plumage, which 
he has labelled T. incil. As far as I can see, this species never 
passes beyond the maroon-backed dress with the red tail, and the 
above-mentioned white bird I should refer to T. affinis. Messrs. 
David and Oustalet, however, also figure the adult of this species as 
white. 

Rah. China, ranging into the Malayan peninsula and Sumatra. 

a. 3 ad. sk. Shanghai. lion. East-India Co. [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Malacca. W. Harvey, Esq. [P.]. 
c. J ad. sk. Malacca. Hon. E.I. Co. [r.j. 
d. $ jun. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier. 
e,f. S ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C], 
g. Jim, sk. Sumatra. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [0.], 

4. Terpsiphone nratata. 
Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue de Madagascar, 5ms, Orn. ii. 
p. 424, pi. 40. fig. 1; Daubent PI JEnl v. pi. 248. fig. 1. 
Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue blanc de Madagascar, Briss, t c. 
p. 427, pi. 40.fig.% _ 
Le Gobe-mouche vaji^a longue queue de Madagascar, Briss. t c. 
p. 430, pl.JiJSgrI 
Musd^ffprlmTtata; Linn. Syst. Nat i. p. 325. 
Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue et a ventre blanc de Madagascar, 
Daubent. PL JEnl v. pi. 248. fig. 2. 
Le Schet de Madagascar, Month. Hist Nat. Ois. iv. p. 567. 
Muscicapa caudata, Mull 8yst. Nat, Anhang, p. 168; Cass. Pr. PUlad. 

Acad. 1864, p. 255. 
Mutable Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Sgn. ii. p. 348. 
Muscicapa vhidescens, Bodd. Tahl. PL JEnl. p. 15. 
Le Schet roux, Levaill Ois. d'Afr. iii. pi. 147. 
Le Schet noir, Levaill t. c. iii. pi. 148. 
Platyrhynehus mutatus, Vieill N. Diet dEist. Nat xxvii. p. 18. 

352 UVS01CAVWM. 

Muscipeta holosericea, Temm. Tall. Metlu PI Col p. 23; Bp. Consp. 
I p. 825-yCass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 185% p. 49; note. 
Muscipeta mutata, Temm. Tall Metk. p. 23; Bp. Camp. I p. 32a J 

tfcA*. c} Toll. Faxm. Madag^j. 76, pis, 20, 21. 
Muscipeta rufa, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 60 (&r Lenaill). 
Muscipeta tricolor, Swains, t. c. p. 60 (ex Levaill.). 
TcMtrea liolosericea, Less. Rev. Zool 1838, p. 277; Saril Faune 

Madag. p. 45 j Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259. 
TcMtrea gaimardi, Less. Mev. Zool. 1838, p. 277; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 259; Pucker. Arch. 21ns. vii. p. 372. 
TcMtrea pretiosa, Bess. Deser. Mamm. et Ois. p. 324; Saril Faun. 
Madag. p. 46 j F. Newt Ibis, 1863,, p. 347. 
TcMtrea mutata, Less. Bev. Zool. 1838, p. 277; Gray, Gen. B. 1. 

p. 259 ; J2a;^. Faune Madag. p. 45; A Newt P. Z. S. 1805. p. 835 ; 
£W. iV". T. D. iii. p. 84; id. P. Z. S. 18D8, p. 423; Zayard, B. S. 
Afr. p. 147j Grandid. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1887, p, 385: Gray, 
£Ca?id4. B. i. p. 333, no. 5019. 
Muscipeta gaimardi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 325; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 

1869, p. 49, note. 
TcMtrea, sp., Sclater, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 109. 
TcMtrea spekii, BCartl P. Z. S. 1865, p. 428*. 
TcMtrea rufa, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 145. 
TcMtrea caudata, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 333, no. 5020. 


Texpsiphone pretiosa, Cab. in Von der Decken, Beis. iii. p. 24. 

Terpsiphone mutata, FinschS? Ilaiil.Yoq. Ostafr. p. 306 ; Iletegl Orn. 
JST.O.-Afr. p. 444, note; Sharpe, P.Z.S. 1870, p. 389; id. Cat 
Afr. B. p. 44; id. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 867; Marti. Vug. Madag. 

p. 173. 
Adult female. General colour above orange-rufous, the tail 
entirely of this colour; wing-coverts like the back; primary-coverts 
and quills blackish, externally orange-rufous, the secondaries more 
broadly edged and the innermost exactly like the back; crown of 
head and nape glossy steel-blue ; lores, feathers round the eye, ear-
coverts, and sides of crown beMnd ashy grey; entire under surface 
of body rich orange-rufous, paler than the back, including the wider 
wing- and tail-coverts; quills dusky brown below, rufous along the 
inner webs. Total length 6'5 inches, culmen 0% wing 2*9, tail 
3-25, tarsus 0*6. 
Young male. Resembles the adult female, but shows the first signs 
of approach to a fuller plumage in the white edgings to some of the 
greater wing-coverts. The next stage is a rich chestnut., with steel-
black head and ear-coverts, the wing-coverts and edges to the quills 
white. One specimen in the-^fSH^um is fumin g the wMte tail, 
the two long centre feathers being black on &e^a&£jejt>, white on 
tjie inner. That the exact sequence is not always followed seems 
to be proved by the fact that another specimen, in paler orange 
dress, with white-edged wing-feathers, is assuming the full white 
dress of the adult by a moult, as on the back are some Hack feathers 


* The type specimen was shown to me by Br. Finsch, and there can be no 
doubt that it is referable to T. mutata. At the same time I do not believe that 
this species really occurs in Eastern Africa, and I think that some mistake has 
taken place as regards the locality of the specimen, which was pre&erved HI spirits, 
whereas Speke's specimens from Eastern Africa were skinned. 
48. raKFSiraoKM 
tf&* 
appearing, and on the "breast some white ones. In the penultimate 
plumage the back is glossy black, the breast white, the centre tail-
feathers white, tho rest of the tail-feathers black with the inner 
webs white. Prom this stage the white gradually increases on the 
back, wings, and tail, until the following adult plumage is reached. 

Adult male. General colour above white, the feathers with moro 
or less distinct black centres, gonerally taking the form of black 
shaft-lines; wing-coverts white, like tho back; primary-coverts 
and primaries black narrowly edged with white, the secondaries 
broadly margined with white on the outer web ; tail white, the two 
centre feathers with black shafts nearly the whole way, the rest ot 
the tail-feathers with more or less black along the shaft and on the 
outer web; crown of head, crest, nape, sides of head, and throat 
glossy steel-green; remainder of under surface pure white, including 
the under wing-coverts ; quills blackish below, white along the edge 
of the inner web ; " bill pearly grey, blackish on the edges ; bare 
eyelids clear blue; feet pearly grey; iris blackish" (Grandldltr). 
Total length 10*2 inches, culmen 0*55,wing 3*15, tail 3*5, middle tail-
feathers 6*7, tarsus 0*6. 

Hob. Madagascar, Mayotte. 

a, l, c) d. $ ad. sk. Madagascar. M. Verreaux. 
e,f. c? imm. sk. Madagascar. M. Verreaux. 


g. § ad.; h. $ juv, sk. N. Madagascar. Mr. A. Crosbley [C.l 
£ 
c? imm. sk. S.E. Madagascar, Mch. Mr. A. Crossley [O.J. 
1872. 

h. <y ad.; I, m. <$ imm. sk. N. Madagascar (Cross-R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
ley). 
n. <$ imm. sk. Nossi Vola (Crossley). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
o. S ad. sk. Nossi Vola, Oct. 22, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1869 (Crossley). 
p. c? juv. sk. Madagascar (Crossley). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
q. § ad. sk. Madagascar. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
\ 5. Terpsiphone vulpina. 
Tchitrea vulpina, & Newton, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 298, pi. 33.fig. 2. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above pale cinnamon, 
the tail being entirely of this colour; wing-coverts white, with black 
bases ; quills black externally edged with white, the innermost 
secondaries cinnamon; crown of head, sides of face, and oar-coverts 
dark steel-green, the nape nis&fif this colour and forming a conspicuous 
crest; cheeks, and entire unde^surface of body rich cinnamon, 
a^alsoTEe axillaries ; under wing-cover^ white; quills black below, 
white along the edge of the inner weW^PoT^lei^J^nches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 3*1, tail 3*5, middle tail-feathers 7*7, tarsuS-^7. 

(Mus. Cantabr.) 
Adult female. Similar to the male, but with a shorter tail. Total 

length 7:3 inches, wing 2*9, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*7. (Mm. Cantabr.) 
Hab. Johanna or Anjuan Island. 
Obs. The differences pointed out by Mr, E. Newton between this 

species and T. mutata are not sufficiently pronounced to distinguish 

354 MUSCICAPID-ffl. 

it from the latter, which possesses a similar orange-coloured stage of 
plumage with white wings. The best character for the species is 
the elongated crest, instead of the cap of T. mutata. 

6. Terpsiphone cristata*. 
Le Gobe-mouehe hivp<* du Senegal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 422, pi. 39. fig. 2 i 

Daubent. PL Bnl 573. fig. 2. 
Crested Senegal Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 329. _->,.,, 
Muscicapa viridis, Mull Syst. Nat., Anhang, p. 171; Cass* P A iWtfrf. 

-4cfld 1864, p. 256. 
Muscicapa cristata, #w. & BF. i. p. 938. 
Platyrhynchos cristatus, Vieill K. Diet. dMist. Nat. xxvii. p. 20Muscipeta 
melanogastra, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 55; J". 4* -&. Verr. 

Bev. etMag. de Zool 1851, p. 279; Bp. Consp. I p. 325; Cass. Jfr. 
Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 49, note. 
Muscipeta senegalensis, £m. -4»«. &». .A7^. ix. p. 173; td. Bev. tool. 
1838, p. 279. n 
Muscipeta ferreti, Guerin, Bev. Zool 1843, p. 162; id. in Ferr. et brizL 
Voy. Abyss, p. 212, pi. 8; Bp. Consp. i. p. 325. 
Tchitrea melanogastra, Gray, Gen. B. I p. 260; Morsf # Moore, Cat 

B. Mus. B.I. Co. i. p. 135; Marti Orn. W.-Afr. pp. 90, 272; td. 
J.f. 0. 1861, p. 167; Layard, B. S. Aft. p. 140; Gray, Mand-L 
B. i. p. 333, no. 5005 ; Blanf. Geol ana* Zool. Abyss, p. 344. 
Tchitrea ferreti, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260; id. JKand-L B. I p. 33*% 
no. 5008. 
Tchitrea senegalensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Marti Orn. W.-Afr. 

p. 91. . 
Terpsiphone melanogastra, <M. ifcTws. JEfetra. Th. i. p. 58; Fmsck 4' 
Marti Fog. Ostafr. p. 309; Meugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr.f.Ul; Fmsch, 
Tr. Z. S. vii. p. *246; Antin. <§* Salvad. Viagg. J&ogos, p. 74. 

Terpsiphone ferreti, Cab. Mus. Mein. Th. i. p. 58. 
Tchitrea cristata, Filippi, Bev. Zool 1853, p. 289. 
Tchitrea melampyra, Verr.inMaHI. Orn. W.~Afr. p. 90; Cass. Fr. 


Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 47; Marti P. Z. S. 1860, p. Ill; id. J.f.O. 
1861, p. 167; Gray, Eand-l B. i, p. 333, no. 5006. 
Muscipeta duchaillui, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, pp. 48, 49; id. 
Journ. Philad. Acad. iv. pi. 50. 
Muscipeta speciosa, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, pp. 48,49; id. 

Journ. Philad. Acad. iv. pi. 50. 
Muscipeta melampyra, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 49, note. 
Terpsiphone duchaillui, Meine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 429. 
Terpsiphone speciosa, Meine, t. c. p. 429. 
Tchitrea duchaillui, Marti J.f.O. 1861, p. 167; Gray, MamU. B. 

i. p. 333, no. 5007. 
Tchitrea speciosa, Marti J.f. 0,i§5i ** 167; Gray, Mand~l B. I. 
p. 333, no. 5017. " - _.-.... 
* Tlie^de-SCfipbion of the underparts given by Brisson is as follows :<—** 1M 
poifeHne, le ventre, les cotes, les jambes et les couvertures du dessous de la queue 
isont d'un cendrS tres-fonci, mais qui s'<§claircit un peu en approchant vers ramis.* 
The only species of Terpsiphone which answers to this description of dark grey 
under tail-coverts is T. melanogastra^ which at certain htages agrees with 
Brisson's description. I have therefore superseded Swarason's name by the one 
founded by Gfanelin upon Brisson. The species identified by Dr. Hartlaub as 

T. cristata (<3m) and by me as T. senegalensis (Less.) appears to have not yet 
been named. 
48. TEttPSIPHOKE. 
355 

Tchitrea melarapyga, Schl N. T. D. iiL p. 85. 
Terpsiphono melampyra, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 610; id Vat, Afr, 


B. p. 44, no. 420; Sharjpe # Bouvier, Bull Soc. Zool. France, I 
p. 45. 
Terpsiplione rafocinerea, Cab. J.f 0.1875, p. 2SG-, Beichen. J.f 0. 
1877, p. 22. 

Difficult as it is to establish, I havo come to the COB elusion that 
Terpsiphone melampyra is only the female of the species of which 

T. dmhaillui is the adult male. The Museum series is so complete 
that scarcely any doubt can exist on the subject, and the sequence 
of changes appears to be as follows ;— 
Young female (sex marked by Dr. Lucan). Above dull orange-
chestnut, including the tail; wing-coverts like the back, the greater 
series with blackish bases ; primary-coverts and quills blackish, the 
secondaries externally orange-rufous, of which a narrow margin 
appears on the primaries; head and under surface of body dull slaty 
blue with a slight steel-bluish lustre, the abdomen fluffy and dull 
whitish, washed slightly with orange; vent and under tail-coverts 
dull orange; thighs dusky grey; under wing-coverts slaty grey; 
axillaries dull orange-rufous. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*6, 
wing 2*8, tail 2*8, tarsus 0*55. 

The bird I take to be thefull-plumaged female is much as the typical 
specimen of T. melampyra, Eich orange-chestnut above ; wings and 
tail the same, the secondaries entirely like the back, the primaries with 
broad edgings; below slaty blue, the throat and sides of face glossed 
with steel-blue; the hind neck greyish*. crown of head glossy steel-
blue ; under wing-coverts slaty blue; under tail-coverts orange. 

Young males appear at first to resemble the females, but are often 
distinguished by the greyish edgings to the primaries and the long 
centre tail-feathers. Considerable difference in the colour of the 
upperparts exists, sometimes the back being bright orange-rufous, 
and sometimes chestnut. 

Male in second plumage, The head, neck, and underparts very like 
the adult, steel-green, shading off into slaty grey on the abdomen; rest 
of upper surface rich chestnut-red, as also the wing-coverts; outer 
greater coverts, primary-coverts, and quills black, externally edged 
with slaty grey, the inner secondaries with chestnut; tail chestnut; 
under tail-coverts chestnut. Total length 8*3 inches, culmen 0*65, 
wing 3*1, tail 3*6, middle tail-feathers 5, tarsus 0*6. 

Intermediate specimens between the red-backed and the white-
backed phases of plumage are in the collection; one may be especially 
mentioned, as having the red back with a good deal of white 
on the wings, and a black tail somewhat shaded with rufous at the 
tip of the inner web, the centre feather having an appearance of 
white near the shaft. The question to be proved is, whether the 
adult male ever gets a perfectly whito tail, and whether the red-tailed 
birds are females or (as I have described them) males in second plumage. 
Mr. Cassin's assignation of the red-tailed bird to the adult 
male and the white bird to the adult female is obviously incorrect; 
and the separation of his Muscipeta speciosa from M. ducTiaillui is 

356 MTTSCICAPLD-E. 

also not right, as the black upper tail-coverts are found in our red-

backed specimen (?) along with the white on the wing and on the 

tail, and are evidently signs of an approach to the adult stage. 

Spec, g is still chiefly black on the back and upper tail-coverts, the 

white beginning to predominate; in all other respects the bird is in 

perfect plumage. 

The specimen from Old Calabar has white under tail-coverts, and 

is of a glossy steel-black without any green gloss on the head and 

throat; the axillaries are also white. The difference in the glossy 

shade may be due to preservation in spirit; while the white under 

tail-coverts and axillaries appear to be only a sign of perfect 

maturity. 

Adult male. General colour above pure white, the middle of the 

back slightly streaked with black; wing-coverts white; primary-

coverts and primaries black, the secondaries black broadly edged 

with white; some of the outer greater wing-coverts tipped with * 

white; tail-feathers white, slightly edged with blackish and with 

black shafts, some of the feathers black with more or less white at„ 

the tip and near the base; head and crest, sides of face, and throat 

glossy steel-green, extending upon the breast and gradually shading 

off on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, which are dark slaty 

grey; thighs white ; under wing-coverts white, the axillaries slaty 

grey with white edgings. Total length 14 inches, culmen 0*65, 

wing 3"4, tail 3*8, middle tail-feathers 10, tarsus 0*55. 

The bird described not having a perfect tail, the entire length and 

that of the centre tail-feathers are added from Br. Smith's Old-

Calabar specimen. 

The observations on the change of plumage have been made from 

West-African specimens ; but the Abyssinian and Senegambian birds 

are also found to follow the same sequence, and only one wide


spread species can be recognized. I have noticed, however, that in 

some of the males in changing dress the white tail is assumed by a 

moult, while occasionally it is arrived at by a change of feather, the 

actual feather itself changing from red to white without a moult. 

Hob. North-eastern Africa; West Africa, from Senegambia to 

the Congo. 

a. Ad. sk. N.E. Africa. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. ISLE. Africa. J. Gould, Esq. 
c. Lnm. sk. Abyssinia. Dr. Biippell [C."]. 
d. Imm. sk. Abyssinia. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Efat, Abyssinia. Sir W. C, Harris [0.]. 
g. Ad. sk. Bogos Land. Herr Esler [C.l. 
h, i $ ad. sk. Anseba Valley, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.j. 
Aug. 6, 1888. 
& 2 ad. sk. Ailat, Samhar, W. T. Blanford, Esq. ("0.1 
June 28,1868. 
*• 6 ad. sk. Adigrat, Tigr**, W. T. Blanford. Esq. fC.1 

U L J

March 25,1868.

m, n. <$ ad.; o. $ ad. sk. On the road to Colonel Start [P.]. 

Magdala. 

p. 2 ad.; q. <y juv. sk. Kokai (Jesse). E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
48 . TEEPSIPHONF. 
357 

r. Ad. sk. White Nile. Sir Samuel Baker [P.]. 
s,t. $ % ad sk. White Nile. Purchased. 
u. Ad. sk. West Africa. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
v, w. Ad. sk. Eiver Gambia. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
x. $ ad. sk. Oasamance. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
y. Ad. sk. Old Calabar. Br. Alex. Smith [P.]. 
z. 
Ad. sk. Cameroons, Feb. 16, E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
1871 (A Crosslmj). 
a'. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux. (Type of 
3f, mclampyrcL) 
b', c\ Ad. sk. Gaboon. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
#. Imm. sk. Gaboon (Walker). E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e'. $ ad. sk. Gaboon. M. DaChaillu fO.]. 
f'j g\ Imm. sk. Eiver Danger, Henry Ansell, Esq. [P.]. 

Gaboon. 
/*', £', 7s'. Ad. sk. Confluents of the MM. Marche & De Com-
Eiver Ogowe. piegne [0.1. 

V. Ad. sk. Cabinda, Congo, Commander Sperling [ P.]. 
August. 
m'. Ad.; n'. $ juv. sk. Landana, Congo. Dr. Lucan&M. Petit [0.]. 
o'. Ad. sk. Bembe, Angola. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.]. 

7. Terpsiphone erythroptera. 
Tchitrea cristata, Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 89 (nee Gm.). 
Terpsiphone senegalensis, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 44, no. 418 {nee 
Less.). 

Adult male. General colour above chestnut, the tail entirely of 
this colour; wing chestnut, like the back, dusky brown towards the 
tip of the inner web, more indistinct on the secondaries, the innermost 
of which are entirely rufous, like the back• crown of head and 
chest, sides of head, and entire throat glossy steel-green; fore neck 
and breast light ashy grey, the rest of the under surface, including 
the under tail-coverts, white ; tibial plumes and sides of body washed 
with pale rufous; under wing-coverts chestnut, with broad margins 
of hoary white. Total length 15*7 inches, culmen 08 , wing 3*65, 
tail 4*3, middle tail-feathers 12*1, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in not having the long tail, 
in being duller white below, and in having the throat dark grey, 
with a slight steel-green gloss. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0*8, 
wing 3*35, tail 4, tarsus 0*65. 

Mab. Senegambia. 

«, b. £ ? ad. sk. Eiver Gambia. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

8. Terpsiphone perspicillata, 
Le Gobe-mouche Tchitrec, Levaill Ois. d'Afr. iii. p. 203, pis. 142,143. 
—. Tchitrea cristata (nee Gm.), Less. TraiU, p. 386 • id. Rev. Zool 1838, 

p. 278: Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 250 ,* Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 90, no. 271; 
Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 49 * Marti J.f. 0. 1861, p. 167; 
Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 145 * Gray, Mand-l B. i. p, 333, no. 5010 ; 
Socage, lorn. Lisb. 1870, p. 343. 
Muscipeta perspicillata, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 59; IdcU. Mmencl 

p. 19. 
358 MUSCICJJPID^S. 

Platystira perspicillata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 257. 

Terpsiphone cristata, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 39 ; Frnsch 8f JTartL 
Vog. Ostafr. p. 304; Seugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 446,note; Bocage, 
Om. Angola, p. 191. . 

Muscipeta cristata (nee Gm.), Licht. Komencl. p. 19 ; Cass, JPr.Ph^d. 

Acad. 1859, p. 49; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 319. 
Muscicapa perspicillata, Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 26. 
Tchitrea perspicillata, Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 29. 
Tchitrea ferreti (nee Guer.), Blanc. Spec. Zool. Mosatnb. fasc. vm. 

^ p. 321. 
Tchitrea viridis, Gray, JECand-l B. i. p. 333, no. 5010; Gurney m 
Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 130. 
Terpsiphone viridis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 133; id. Cat. Afr. B. 

p. 344, no. 415, 
Adult male. General colour above bright chestnut, the tail entirely 
chestnut, with dark red shafts ; wing-coverts also chestnut, like the 
back, the primary-coverts and quills blackish on the inner web, 
chestnut on the outer one, the innermost secondaries entirely chestnut, 
like the back; head, which is much crested, glossy steel-green, as 
well as the sides of the face and throat; rest of under surface of 
body leaden grey, the steel-green colour of the throat descending 
upon the fore neck, the feathers of which are edged with the latter 
colour ; thighs, vent, and under tail-coverts pure white; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white, slightly washed with chestnut near 
the base; coverts near the edge of the wing dull chestnut, mottled 
with brown bases to the feathers ; lower surface of quills blackish, 
the inner web reddish along the edge; " bill grey, tipped with black ; 
wattled eyelids of a bright greyish blue; legs grey; iris dark 
brown " (Shelley). Total length 14 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3-25, 
tail 3-5, long central tail-feathers 11*2, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in wanting the two long tail-
feathers. The colours are altogether duller and paler, the head 
dusky leaden grey, and the throat and under surface dull grey, with 
no green gloss anywhere, excepting a little on the crown; the chest 
slightly washed with brown on the sides; soft parts in the female 
as in the male. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*05, tail 
3-2, tarsus 0-65. 

Young males resemble the females, but have longer tail-feathers. 
In the adults, according to Dr. Kirk, the long rectrices are lost in 
the dry season. 

Hah. Southern and South-western Africa. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Knysna, Feb. 1866 (C. J. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
c. 6* ad. sk. 
d, e. <$ 2 ad. sk. 
/ . $ ad. sk. 
g. S juv. sk. 
h. 9 ad. sk. 
?. 6* juv. sk. 
Jbiderssoti).
Natal.
Natal.
Rustenberg.
Zambesi (Metter).
Tette, Zambesi.
Elephant Vley, DamaraLand, Oct. 28, 1859 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Dr. Gueinzms [C.J. 
F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.]. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Dr. Kirk [C.]. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(C J. Andersson). 
A\ d juv. sk Angola (Hayniltori). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

48 . TERPSIPH03STE. 
359 

9. Terpsiphone tricolor. 
Muscipeta tricolor, leaser, Ami. N. H. xii. p. 441; id. P. Z. S.1843, 
P-£ 5 -4?few # Thorns. Exped. Mger, ii. p. 492 $ JSJ>. Gwwp. i. 

p. 32o. 
TcMtrea tricolor, G W Gen. B. i. p. 260: Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 90, 
BO. 274. 
Muscipeta flaviventris, Verr. J.f.O. 1855, p. 103 : Cm. Pr. Philad. 
Acad. 1859, pp. 47, 49. 
TcMtrea flaviventris, Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 91, no. 278; Cass. Pr. 
Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 59; Hartl J.f. 0. 1861, p. 168; Gray, 
Hand-l B. p. 333, no. 5011. ^ 
TcMtrea bicolor (err.), -Hartf. J"./. 0. 1861, p. 167. 
Terpsiphone tricolor, Fimch fy Hartl. Yog. Ostafr. p. 311, note; 
Sharpe, P. Z. S.1871, p. 610; Reichen. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 22. 
Adult male* General colour above bine-grey, the wing-coverts 
coloured like the back, the secondaries also; the primaries blackish, 
externally blue-grey; tail-feathers dull bluish grey, the inner webs 
ashy; head crested, glossy steel-black, as also the sides of the face 
and the throat, the latter somewhat duller and more ashy; rest of 
under surface of body, from the throat downwards, rich orange-
chestnut, including also the under wing-coverts; " bill and feet 
pale blue " (Fraser). Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*15, 
tail 3-5, middle feathers 5*1, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. "Wants the bright orange-colour of the breast, which 
is not so richly coloured, being simply orange • the long middle tail-
feathers wanting; head not so glossy and duller, more greyish; sides 
of breast slightly washed with grey. Total length 6^6 inches, wing 
2-95, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-6. 

Hal. West Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. Clarence, Fernando Po. L. Eraser, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
h, c. $\ d, e. 5 ad. sk. Oameroons Mountains R. JB.feharpe, Esq. 

(A. Crossley). 
f. J ad. sk. Gaboon (Bu ChailM). K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Gaboon. 
10. Terpsiphone nigriceps. 
Velvet-headed Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Hist. B. vi. p. 198. 

TcMtrea nigriceps, Hartl. J.f. 0.1855, pp. 355,361 (ex Temm. M88. 

in Mm. Lugd.) ; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 91, no. 277; Cass. Pr. Philad. 

Acad. 1869, pp. 47, 49; Hartl J.f.O. 1861, p. 168; Sharpe, Ibis, 

1869, p. 188; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 333, no. 5014. 

Terpsiphone nigriceps, Sharpe, P. Z. S.1874, p. 306; Finsch fy Hartl 
Yog. Ostafr. p. 811, note; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 44, no. 417; 
Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 61. 

Adult male. General colour above bright orange-chestnut, the 
tail-feathers the same, paler on the inner webs; scapulars and 
wing-coverts like the back, the greater series black on the inner 
web; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black; the 
secondaries black, externally edged with orange-chestnut, the innermost 
entirely of the latter colour; head and nape all round, in


360 MUSCTCAPIILE. 

eluding the throat, glossy purplish black ; rest o£ under surface of 
"body bright orange-chestnut, including the under wing-coverts; 
quills ashy below, with rufous edges to the inner webs. Total 
length 9*5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3*05, tail 3*8, middle feathers 6, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female (?). Similar to the male, but duller-coloured, especially 
on the head, which has scarcely any gloss at all; the tail 
shorter. Total length 7 inches, wing 2*9, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Similar to supposed adult female, but much duller and 
browner in colour; head and throat dusky blackish, the latter washed. 
with orange; quills ashy brown, externally edged with dull orange; 
tail brown, washed with dull orange near the base. 
Hah. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Gold Coast; island of 

Bulama. 
a, b. (S 2 ad. sk.
e. 5 ad.; d. <$ juv« sk.
e,f 6 &d. sk.
g. $ ad. j h. JUT. sk.
t. cf ad. sk. 
West Africa. 
Fantee. 
Fantee {Governor Ussher). 
Ashantee. 
Accra {Capt Haynes), 
Purchased. 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
"R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
John Gould, Esq. 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

11. Terpsiphone raftventris* 
Muscipeta mfiventris, Swains, B. W. Afr, H. p. 53, pi. 4; Bp, Cmmp* 
i. p. 325 • Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1&59, p. 49, note. 
Muscipeta (Tchitrea) casamancse. Less. Ami. Sei. Nat. is. p. 173. 
Muscipeta smitkii, Fraser, P. Z, & 1843, p. 34 ($ ) ; Allen & Thorns. 
JEzp. Niger, ii. j>. 492. 
Tchitrea rafiventris, Gray, Gen. B. I. p. 259; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afn 

p. 90; no. 275; id. J f. 0.1361, p. 167; ScJil N. T. D. iii. p. 86. 
Tchitrea smithii, HariV.Om. W.-Afr.jp. 91, no. 279; Cass. Pr. Philad. 
•-Acad. 1859, p. 42 -Hartl J.f. fc>. 1861, p. 168 j Gray, Hand-L B. 

i. p. 333, no. 5018. 
Tchitrea rufiventer, Grayf Hand-L B. i. p. 333, no. 5004. 
Terpsiphone smithii, ffinseh fy HariL "Fog. Osiafr* p. 312, note. 
Adult male. General colour above rich orange-rufous, the entire 
tail also of the latter colour; scapulars and least wing-coverts orange, 
like the back ; rest of the wing-coverts white, with black bases to 
the feathers• bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills biadk, the 
secondaries externally edged with white, the inner ones with dull 
orange-rufous, the innermost being entirely of this colour; head with 
a long occipital crest glossy steel-blue, the sides of the face and throat 
of this colour also * rest of under surface, from the lower throat 
downwards," rich orange-chestnut; under wing-coverts a little paler 
than the breast; outermost under wing-coverts white, the lower 
ones black; quills ashy blackish below, with whitish edgings to the 
inner secondaries. Total length 12*8 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*35, 
tail 4*3, middle tail-feathers 9*5, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but without the long centre 
tail-feathers* no white on the wing, the primaries edged with 
rufous; occipital-crest feathers rufous, tipped with steel-blue; H bill 
slate-colour, with a purplish tinge, the lower mandible lightest; feet 

48. TERPSIPHONE. 
361 

the same slate-colour, resembling the underpart of lower mandible; 
iris slate-colour, tinged with purple " (M8. note of collector, spec. /) . 
Total length 7#1 inches, wing 3*25, tail 4, tarsus 0*65. 

Obs. In my * Catalogue of African Birds' I united my specimens 
of this species to T. nigriceps, not having a good series of the latter, 
and supposing it to be the not fully plumaged phase. Having since 
got a set of adult males of T. nigriceps, there is no doubt that the 
two species are easily distinguishable. 

The gradual development of white on the wings probably indicates 
a complete white plumage, which the series in the Museum does not 
exemplify. A specimen, however, with the steel-blue colour extending 
upon the fore neck and chest, in addition to the white on the 
wings, may give a hint as to the nature of the final dress. 

Hab. West Africa • Senegambia. 

a. $ ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased. 
b. $ juv.; c, d. Imm. sk, River Gambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Cape St. Mary, Gambia, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Dec. 22,18G4. 
f. 
9 ad. sk. Cape St. Mary, Gambia, R. B. Sharpe, Esq, 
March 21/1863. 
g. $ imm. sk. River Gambia. 
12. Terpsiphone princeps. 
Muscipeta princeps, Temm. PL Col iii. pi. 584. 
• Muscipeta atrocaudata, Byton, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 102 j Bp. Comp. i, 
p. 32S. 
\ 
*~ 
Muscipeta atriceps, Blyth, J. A. B. B. xi. pp. 203, 790. 
Tchitrea atrocaudatus, Blyth, J. A. 8, B. xv. p. 293 j id. Cat. JB. Mus. 

A. & B. p. 204 ,* Gray, Hand-l B. I p. 334, no. 5024. 
Muscipeta principalis, Temm. $• ScM. Faun. Japon. p. 47, pi. 17E. 
Tchitrea principalis, Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 57. 
Tchitrea princeps, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 333, no. 5012* Stvinh. P. 
Z. 8. 1871, p. 381; Bavid $ Ousted. Ois. Chine, p. 113. 
Adult male. General colour above glossy purplish maroon, darker 
on the rump; the upper tail-coverts and tail purplish black; wing-
coverts maroon, like the back; quills black, edged with dull maroon 
or chestnut; head and crest, sides of face, throat, and fore neck 
purplish black, the purple shade being more distinct on the former ; 
breast slightly shaded with ashy grey; rest of under surface of body 
and under tail-coverts creamy white ,* flanks washed with purplish 
brown; thighs dusky brown; axillaries white, internally dusky, the 
under wing-coverts blackish, edged with white ; " wattle round the 
eyes cobalt-blue; iris black" (Webbe). Total length 14*3 inches, 
culmen 0*7, wing 3*65, tail 3#7, middle tail-feathers 11, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. General colour above brownish chestnut; wing-
coverts uniform with the back; primary-coverts dusky brown; quills 
blackish, externally edged with dull chestnut; tail dull brown, 
washed with rufous near the base; crown and nape dull purplish 
hlack, the hind neck ashy brown; lores blackish; sides of face and 
throat dusky grey, inclining to paler ashy on the breast; rest of 

VOL. iv. 
2 B 

802 
MxrsciCAriDJs. 

under surface creamy white, the sides of the body washed with 
chestnut; thighs dusky .brown; axillaries white; rest of wing-
coverts dull brown. Total length 6-5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3*1, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Young male. Barker chestnut than the female, and with a slight 
glossy maroon shade; purple of head more distinct; throat darker 
slate-colour; centre of body pure white, the flanks chocolate-brown. 
(Mus. H. Seebohm.) 

Hab. China and Japan, ranging south into the Malayan peninsula. 

a. Ad. sk. China. 
h. 6 ad. sk.
e. 5 ad. sk.
(I <$ ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk. 
Shanghai, May 1851. 
Japan. 
Malacca. 
Malacca. 
R. Webbe, Esq. [P.]. 
Zoological Society. 
Purchased. 
/. Juv. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier. 

13. Terpsiphone atrichalybea. 
Muscipeta atrochalybea, 
Thomson, Ann. Nat. Hist. x, p.jfo4; Marti. 
Beitr. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 46; Bocage, Jam. Lish. ii. p. 9. 
Tchitrea atrochalybea, Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 92; Gray, MandA. B. 

i. p. 333, no. 5009. 
Terpsiphone atrichalybea, Finsch fy Marti. Vog. Ostafr. p. 313, note ; 
Meichen. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 22. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy greenish 
black, with more or less of a steel-blue lustre, especially on the 
least and median wing-coverts* greater coverts and quills black, 
edged with steel-blue, nearly obsolete on the primaries ; tail black, 
with dull steel-green edges to the feathers; under surface of body 
steel-green, duller on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, which are 
edged with the greenish colour; under wing-coverts like the breast; 
quills ashy black below. Total length 9-5 inches, cuhnen 0*6, wing 
3-05, tail 3*5, centre tail-feathers 5*9, tarsus 0*8. 

Hab. Congo region in West Africa, Pernando Po, St. Thomas. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Fernando Po. Dr. Thomson [P.], 
(Type of species.) 
14. Terpsiphone corvina. 
TcHtrea corvina, JEL Newton, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 345; id. Ibis, 18G7, 
p. 349, pi. 4; Gray, Mand-l B. i. p. 333, no. 5023; Marti. Fog. 
Madag. p. 177. 
Adult male. General colour above and below glossy blue-black; 
the wings and tail black, washed with blue-black on the edges. 
Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*75, tail 3*8, centre tail-
feathers 10*5, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female (Praslin, Seychelles, Peb. 16,1867). General colour 
above dark chestnut, the wing-coverts a little duller chestnut, with 
dusky-brown inner webs; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills 
dusky brown, narrowly edged with chestnut, the secondaries much 

49 , KMUNJA. 

ana 

moro broadly, the innermost almost entirely ohertnut, with a ibt<U 
of dusky brown along the shaft on the outer web; Uil-fbftthwi dull 
chestnut, the two centre ones shaded with brown at the end*, all 
the rest, excepting the outermost feather, dusky brown on the outer 
web; head all round, including sides efface and throat, bleek, with 
a glossy purple gloss; remainder of under surface white, with a tinge 
of chestnut on the under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts ami axillaries 
white, washed writh chestnut; quills ashy brown below, i 
with rufous along the inner webs; "bill, skin round the eye, and 
legs bluish lead-colour ; iris light hazel " (E. Newton). Total iengl h 
7 inches, culmon 0-6, wing 3-25, tail 3*75, tarsus 0*7. {Mm. A. <J


E. Newton.) 
Hob. Seychelles. 
a. $ ad. sk. Seychelles. Paris Museum. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Praslin, Seychelles. Paris Museum [P.]. 
49. ELMINIA. 
]\}H v 
Elminia, Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 052 (1854) K, iongienudft. 

Bill of Elminia longkavda. 
Range. Confined to Africa. 


Key to tfie Species. 

a. Outer tail-feathers dull brown, externally blue, with 
a whitish edging to the inner web. 
a'. Lores blue, like the head hmyicmula, p. 30H, 
b'. Lores black; bill larger than in preceding ... . teremta, p. JM4. 

b. Outer tail-feathers white ; abdomen white, washed 
with grey albieauda, p. 384. 
1. Elminia longicauda, 
African Tody, Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. p. 91. 
Myiagra longicauda, Swains. Monogr. Flyc. p. 210, pL 25; (tray, Gin, 


B. i. p. 261; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 328. no. 4933. 
Muscipeta camilea, Hartl J. f. O. 1854, p. 25. 
Elminia longicauda, Bp. C. tt. xxviii. p. 052; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. 
p. 93: id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 1G8; Sharpe, Ibis, I860, u. 388; id. 
Cat. Afr. B. p. 42, no. 400; Shelley <$• Buckley, Ibis, 18/2, p. 287; 
SharpefyBouvier, Bull Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 45 ; Beichen. J. f. 
0.1877, p. 22 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 191; Nidiokon, P. Z. & 
1878, p. 129. 
Adult. General colour above verditer-blue, blighter and rather 
more silvery blue on the head; quills blackish, externally edged with 
verditer-blue, inclining to silvery blue on the least wing-coverts, the 

• 


364 MUSCICAPIB.II. 

remainder of the latter like the quills; tail-feathers verditer-blue, 
blackish on their inner webs ; sides of face and ear-coverts like the 
crown; under surface of body pale ashy grey, with a wash of blue; 
throat and fore neck verditer-blue; centre of abdomen whitish ; 
thighs grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy grey, the edge 
of the wing brighter blue. Total length 6 4 inches, culmen 0-5, 
wing 2-65, tail 3*9, tarsus 0-65. 

Hab. "Western Africa. 

ct. Ad. sk. [West Africa.] 
b. Ad. sk. Eantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk. Biver Volta (UssJier). R. B. Sharps, Esq. 
d,e. Ad. sk. Abeokuta. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.], 

2, Elminia teresita, 

Elminia teresita, Antin. Cat Descr. Uce. p. 50. 
Elminia alexins, Heugl J.f. 0. 1864, p. 255, et 1867, p. 203. 
Elminia longicauda minor, Heugl. Orn. N. O.-Afr. p. 446, tab. 15. 
Myiagra teresita, Gray, Hand-l. B.Lr*. 328, no. 4934. 
Elminia minor, Bocage, Jorn, Lisb. 1877, p. 18. 


Adult. Similar to E. longicauda of "West Africa, but differs in its 
smaller size, slightly crested head, paler colours, and weaker feet. 
Plumage dense and loose, everywhere beautiful pale azure-blue; the 
breast, under tail-coverts, and flanks paler, the latter washed with 
ashy; centre of abdomen white; lateral margin of the forehead and 
lores deep black; quills and greater wing-coverts smoky brown, externally 
margined with delicate azure, the latter tipped with white; 
the inner web of the tail-feathers, the region of the shaft, darker 
smoky brown, the two middle feathers pale azure with black shafts, 
the rest pale blue on the outer web, with white tips to both webs ; 
bill, rictal bristles, and feet black; iris dusky. Total length 5" 2"\ 
bill from front 4'", wing 2" 2'", tail 2" 3"', tarsus 5l"'-6£'"9 centre 
tail-feathers 2" 9"'-2" 10'". (Heuglin.) 

Hab. Central K".E. Africa. 

3. Elminia albicauda. 
Elminia albicauda, Boeage, Jo?*n. Lisb. 1877, p. 18, 
Adult Similar to E. minor (=#. teresita) of N.E. Africa, but 
differing in its crested head, its white abdomen washed with rosecolour 
; the outer tail-feathers also are white, the three following 
broadly tipped with white, decreasing in extent towards the middle 
ones. Total length 150 millims., wing 63, tail 84, bill 9, tarsus 15. 
(Bocage.) 

Hab. Benguela. 

50 . PHILENTOMA. 
50. PHILENTOMA. 
Type. 
Philentoma, JEyton, Ann. 2V. H. xvi. p. 220 (1845).. P, pyrrhopterum. 

Wing of Philentoma velatum. 

Range. From Tenasscrim down the Malayan peninsula to the 
islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. 

Key to the Swedes, 

a. 
Wings and tail blue, like the hack. 
a'. Throat and chin alike in colour. 
a". Larger; wing 3*8 inches: forehead, 
lores, ear-coverts, and throat entirely 
black velatum J , p. 366. 


b". Smaller; wing 3 inches: lores, 
ear-coverts, and throat blue; forehead 
and eyebrow a little lighter 
blue pyrrhopterum $, p. 360. 

b'. 
Chin black; lower throat and fore neck 
maroon velatum <$ > p. 366. 


b. 
Wings and tail chestnut. 
c'. Head and neck all round, throat, and 
chest blue pyrrhopterum 3 juv., p. 367. 
d\ 
Head ashy brown, slightly glossed with 
greenish; throat and chest rufous-
buff pyrrhopterum $, p. 366. 


1. Philentoma velatum. 
Drymophila velata, Temm. PI, Col 334. 
Monacha velata, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 257. 
Monacha caesia, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 167. 
Muscicapa pectoralis, Hay, Madr. Journ. xii. pt. 2, p. 161, 
Myiagra pectoralis, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1846, p. 101. 
Monarcha velata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 326. 
Philentoma velatum, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 204; Bp. Consp. 


i. p. 324; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.L Co. i. p. 392; Moore, 
P. Z. S. 1854, p. 270 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 449 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. 
i. p. 334, no. 5027: Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 373 ; Sahad. Ucc. Born. 
p. 132 j Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 19; Hume <$• Davison, Str. F. 1878, 
n. 224. 
Philentoma unicolor, Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 46. 
Tchitrea velata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5027. 
Tchitrea unicolor, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 334, no. 5028. 
366 31TJBCICAPIBJE. 

Adult male. General colour bright greyish blue, the mng-corertb 
like the back; quills and tail-feathers" like the back, internally 
blackish; under surface of body greyish blue like the back, a little 
duller, the long flank-plumes silky white with blue tips ; forehead. 
lores, ring round the eye, ear-coverts, and half the throat black : 
lower half of throat and fore neck deep maroon ; " bill black ; feet 
dark greenish black" (A. Everett), " bluish or purplish black" {Davison); 
"iris crimson" (A. Everett), ulake to crimson" (Davison). 
Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 3-85, tail 3-3, tarsus U-75. 

Adult female. General colour dull blue, almost uniform above and 
below; long flank-plumes with partially concealed silky-white bases: 
base of the forehead, loreb, cheeks, throat, and breast black, the rest 
of the under surface somewhat shaded with blackish; quills and tail-
feathers blackish, externally greyish blue* " legs dark green-black ; 
iris crimson" (A, Everett). Total length 7*9 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 
3*8, tail 3-5, tarsus 0*7. 

Hah. Southern half of Tenasserim provinces, Malayan peninsula, 
Sumatra, Borneo. 

a, S ad. j b. <$ juv. sk. Malacca. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [CJ. 
Cj d> $ J ad. * e. <3 juv. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier. 

f. $ ad. • y, k <$ juv. sk.
i <?ad. sk. 
Sumatra. 
Sarawak, BorA. 
R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
neo. 
k, I. $ J ad. sk. Sarawak, BorGovernor 
Ussher [P.]. 
neo. 
m. <$ ad.; n. S juv. sk. Bintulu, N.W.
Borneo. 
Alfred Everett, Esq. [CZ


2. PhUentoma pyrrhopterum. 
Muscicapa pynhoptera, Temm. PL Col. 590. fisr. 2 ; Zmc} Sarawak9 
p. 410. 
Muscipeta plumosa, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xL p. 70. 
Philentoma castaneum, Eyton, Ann. K. H. xvi. p. 229; Marti. Be®* 
Zool 1846, p. 5. 
Philentoma plumosum, Blyth J. A. S. B. xv. p. 10. 
Tchitrea pyrrhoptera, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 200: id. Hand-l B. i p. 334, 
no. 5026. 

Philentoma pyrrhopterum, Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 205; Bp* 
Consp, I p. 324 • Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 449; Sahad. Uce. Bern. p. 138; 
Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 19: Tweedd. t. e. p. 316 ; Hume & Davison, 
Str. F. 1878, p. 223; 

Adult male. General colour above and below greyish blue, a little 
lighter on the forehead and over the eye and on the throat; the 
long silky plumes of the flanks and abdomen white, mixed with 
greyish blue, the edges to the feathers being of this colour; wings 
like the back, the lesser wing-coverts slightly brighter blue; thighs 
blue; quills and tail-feathers dusky blackish on the inner web, 
greyish blue externally* "bill black; iris crimson.3' (A, Ekerett); 
" legs, feet, and claws pale purplish blue " (Davison). Total length 
6-5 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 3*25, tail 2-8, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 

f)L KIIINoatYMB, 

M7 

earthy brown, lightly washed with olive, slightly moro rulVseent on 
tho rump and upper tail-coverts, some of tho rump-plumes with 
concealed white bases ; head dingy ash-brown, an well as the sides 
of the face and ear-coverts, the crown with a Blight shade of dull 
greenish blue, especially round the eye; scapulars rather darker than 
the hack ; least wing-coverts dark brown, tinged with a wash of 
green, th e outer ones tipped with ferruginous ; remainder of wing-
coverts chestnut; primaries dusky brown, externally edged with 
ashy; secondaries chestnut like the coverts, blackish on their inner 
webs; tail entirely chestnut; under surface of body rufous-buff, 
whiter towards the vent; sides of body and flanks earthy brown, 
washed with ashy on the sides of tho breast; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries deep rufous-buff; quills dusky brown below, edged 
with rufous on the inner web, more broadly on the secondaries; 
"bill dark horn-colour; legs pale leaden; iris bright brown" (J. 
Everett) ; " upper mandible pale horny brown, the lower mandible 
fleshy white ; legs, feet, and claws plumbeous olive ; iris dull red " 
(Davisoii)* Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3, tail 2-6, 

tarsus 0*6. 

Young male. Resembles the adult female at first, but is generally 
distinguished by some greyish-blue feathers on some part of the 
plumage ; generally the fore part of the bird above and belowr is 
blue, the back and abdomen retaining the female plumage, and the 
chestnut wings and tail still remaining. 

In a young female, according to Mr. Davison, the legs and feet are 
pale horny red, the iris pale red speckled with white. 
Eab. Extreme south of Tenasserim provinces, Malacca, Sumatra, 
Borneo. 

a. <$ imm. sk. 
b. c? imm. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
Malacca. 
Malacca. 
Mount Opkir, Malacca. 
Hon. E. India Co. [P.]. 
W. Harvey, Esq. [P.]. 
A. II. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
J, e. $ ad. sk. 
f,ff- 32 a , d-sk 
A. tfjuv. sk. 
i 2 ad. sk. 
k,l 6% ad. sk. 
m. 6* juv. sk. 
n. (5sad.; o. tfjuv. 
p. J ad. sk. 
q. § ad. sk. 
sk. 
Kessang, Malacca, 
Sumatra. 
Sumatra. 
N.W. Borneo. 
Lumbidan. 
Lumbidan. 
Biutulu. 
Sibu. 
Sarawak. 
M. A. Bouvier. 
A. B.Wallace, Esq. I C.l 
A. 11. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
Hugh Low, Esq. [C.l. 
Governor Ilsslier [C.l 
Governor dssher [C.l. 
Alfred E\erett, Esq. | (J."|. 
Alfred Everett, Esq. [C. |. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C], 

51. RHIHOMYIAS. 
Setaria, pt., auctt. recent, (?iec JSlt/ih). 
Banye. Borneo and the Philippine island of Basilan. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Tail brown on the inner wreh, rufous-brown only on 
the outer; ear-coverts brown pectoralis, p. 308. 
h. Tail entirely chestnut; ear-coverts grey ntficauda, p. 308. 
M USCICAEU) M,

308 

1. Bhinomyias pectealis. 
Alcippe pectorals, Sahad. Atti R, Aecad. Torin. iL p. 530, 
Brachypteryx pectoralis, Giebel, Orn. TJies.i. p. 477. 
Setaria pectoris, tfafcotf. Ucc. Bom. p. 233, tav. 4. %. 1; ^Aa^ey 


I&w, 1877, p. 12. 

^LcZwZi Twafe. General colour above dark ochraceous brown, ^ the 
head decidedly duller than the back; lesser and median wing-coverts 
like the back; bastard wing and primary-coverts uniform 
dull brown; quills dull brown, narrowly edged with the same brown 
as the back on the outer web, the secondaries more broadly margined 
with the same colour; tail-feathers dark brown, externally washed 
with dark ochraceous brown; lores white, with dusky-brown bases; 
a ring round the eye blackish brown; cheeks, ear-coverts, aud sides 
of face dark brown, with a wash of ochraceous brown; under sur


face of body white, with an ashy-grey band across the chest, the 
sides of which are washed with ochraceous brown, the Hanks and 
thighs entirely of this colour; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white, those near the edge of the wing dark brown, forming a patch ; 
quills dark brown below, with fulvescent edges along the inner 
web; "bill black; legs light purplish; iris light brown" Total 
length 6 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but the pectoral band browner. 
Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-85, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-7. 
Young. Lighter brown than the adult; below yellowish buff, 

whiter on the throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts. 
Hah. Sumatra and Borneo. 


a, $ juv. sk. Sumatra ( Van Horner). Ley den Museum [] 
b, § ad. sk. Borneo (Scfavaner). Leyden Museum [P ^ 
c, d, e. Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq [O 


/> ff: c? ? ad. sk. Bintulu, W. Borneo. Alfred Everett, Esq. fC/|. 
"A, i. Ad. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. 10.1. 

h. $ ad. sk. Sarawak. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
2. Hhinomyias ruficauda. 
Setaria ruficauda, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, vol. i. p. 327. 
Adult male. General colour above dull ochraceous brown, more 
dusky on the head; least wing-coverts like the back; median and 
greater series as well as the quills dull brown, edged with ochraceous 
brown like the back, the secondaries more broadly washed on the 
outer web, the innermost especially so; primary-coverts and bastard 
plumes dusky brown, with a very slight olive shade on the outer 
margin; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers chestnnt-rufous, with a 
slight shade of rufous-brown on the outer webs; lores and space 
before the eye dull white, mottled with dusky bases to the feathers ; 
ear-coverts and sides of face dull greyish; under surface of body 
white, with a slight greyish shade, more distinction the flanks, 
which are also somewhat washed with ochraceous brown, as also 

52. coLioiom. 
860 

aro the sides of the upper breast; thighs brown ; under wing, 
coverts and axillaris white, the edge of the wing browner ; miillii 
dusky brown below, buffy white along the edge of the ianer web i 
"iris hazel" (Steere). Total length 5-5 inches, oulmen 0-65, win* 
2-95, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*7. 

Hob. Island of Basilan, Philippine archipelago. 

a. J 
ad. sk. Basilan. Dr. j . B. Steere [0.]. (One of 
the typical ftpecimune.) 
52. CULICICAPA. T 
Cryptolopha, auct. (nee Stvains. 1837). 
Myialestes, auct. (nee Cab. 1850).* 
Oulicicapa, Stcinh. I>. Z. S. 1871, p. 381 0. ceyloneniU. 
Empidothera, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 25 (1872) .. 0. ceylonearia, 
Xantholestes, 
Sharpe, 7V. Linn. Soc, 2nd series i 
P-327(1877) ...'...' (J. pmmyenw.. 

Bill of Culkicapa ceylonenm. 

Range. From India and Ceylon, extending through the Burmese 
countries down the Malayan peninsula to the islands of Java, the 
Philippines, and Celebes. 

Key to the Spent*. 

a. Head and throat grey; back greenish yellow; 
under surface of body bright yellow eeylonenm, p. 360. 
b. Head yellow or greenish. 
a'. Larger: head and sides of face bright yellow, 
lilte the throat helianthea, p. 370. 
b'. Smaller: head and sides of face greenish ... . panayaxsis. p. 371. 

1. Culicicapa ceylonensis.t 
Platyrhynchus ceylonensis, Swains. Zool. Illustr. sor. i. pi. 13. 
Cryptolopha poiocephala, Swaim. Nat. Hist. Flycatchers, p. 200, 
pi. 23. 
Rhipidura ceylonensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 250. 

Cryptolopha ceylonensis, Gray, Cat. Mamm. $c. Nepal CoU. Hodyt. 

p. 93. 
Cryptolopha 
cinereocapilla, Hutton, J. A. S. B. xvii. p. 680; Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 205; Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 327 ; liorsf. $ Moore, 

* Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 305. 
t Several authors, commencing with Blyth, have attributed a Muscicapacinereocapilla of Vieillot to this species. I have not succeeded in finding thii 
name. 

MUSCICAPIJDuE. 

370 

Cat. B. Mus. F.I. Co. i. p. 147 5 Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 271; 
Jerd. B. Inch i. p. 455; Cock $ Marsh Str. F. 1873, p. 352 ; 
Adam, t.c.^. 377. 
Ehipidura cinereocapilla, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 332, no. 5001. 
Culicicapa cinereocapilla, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 381; Hume, Sir. F. 
1874, p. 474; Oates, Str. F. 1875, p. 104; Brooks, t. c. p. 234 5 
Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 257 ; Armstr. t. c. p. 322. 
Myiolestes cinereocapilla, Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441; Ball, Str. F, 
1874, pp. 404, 406. 
Empidotliera ceylonen&is, Swidev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 25. ^ 
Culicicapa ceylonensis, Salvad. Ucc. Born, p. 134; David fy Oustal. 
Ois. Chine, p. 113; Fairb. Str. F. 1877, p. 401; Hume $ Davison, 
Str. F. 1878; p. 226. 

Adult. General colour above greenish yellow, brighter yellow on 
the rump; wings dark brown, the coverts and quills edged with 
greenish yellow like the back; tail-feathers dusky brown, edged 
with greenish yellow ; head and nape dull ashy grey, lighter on the 
nape, the head dusky brown in the centre; sides of face, throat, and 
fore neck lighter ashy grey, the feathers in front of the eye and the 
centre of the throat hoary grey; remainder of under surface bright 
yeEow, the breast and sides of body slightly shaded with greenish ; 
under wing-coverts yellow; quills dusky brown below, edged with 
ashy whitish along the inner web; " bill dusky; feet fleshy brown ; 
iris brown " (Holdsworth); " bill horny brown above, pinkish fleshy 
below; inside of mouth fleshy; g&pe yellowish; iris dark brown ; 
eyelid plumbeous: legs, feet, and claws pinkish brown" (Oates); 
"irides nearly black; bill dusky above, dirty white underneath; 
legs and feet brownish yellow" (Armstrong). Total length 4*2 
inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2-35, tail 2-2, tarsus 0*5. 

Hob, India and Ceylon ; Burmese countries, ranging through the 
Malayan peninsula to Java and Borneo. 

a. Ad. &k.
b, c, d, e. Ad. sk.
/, g. <$ ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. 2 ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk. 
Cashmere. 
Nepal. 
N. W. Himalayas. 
Bassein, Pegu. 
Naga hills. 
Lower Pegu, Jan.
1878 (E. Oates). 
26, 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.], 
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
PP.]. 
W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 
Col. Godwin-Austen [R l 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. fP.l/ 
I. $ ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n, 0, p, Ad. sk. 
West Java. 
Sarawak. 
Sarawak. 
A. E. Wallace, Esq. \Q.\ 
A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
Henry Everett, Esq. [PiJ. 

2. Culicicapa helianthea. 
Muscicapa helianthea, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 476: Gray, Kand-l 

B. i. p. 321, no. 4818. 
Myialestes helianthea, Walden, Tr, Z. S. viii. p. 66, pi. 7. fig. 1. 
Culicicapa helianthea, Sahad. Ucc. Bo?*n. p. 135. 
Xantholestes helianthea, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 327. 
Adult female (type of species). Above greenish yellow, inclining 

53 . MYIAGIU. 371 
to bright yellow on the rump, the head a little dingier than the 
back; lores and a ring of feathers round the eye bright yellow ; 
below the fore part of the eye a dusky greenish spot; sides of face 
and under surface of body bright yellow, richer on the abdomen and 
under tail-coverts ; tianks very slightly washed with greenish; 
under wing-coverts yellow; wings brown, coverts and quills edged 
with greenish yellow, the least and median series of coverts uniform 
with the back, the greater coverts tipped with yellow ; tail-feathers 
dusky brown, edged with yellow. Total length 4*7 inches, culmen 
0*4, wing 2*4, tail 2, tarsus 0'5. 

Hab. Island of Celebes. 

a. $ ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Menado. A. K.Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
3. Culicicapa panayensis. 
Xantholestes panayensis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn, Soc. new series, i. p. 327. 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above olive-yellow, 
the head and sides of face greenish ; wing-coverts, quills, and tail-
feathers brown, margined with yellow ; lores yellow; underneath 
very bright yellow, the throat rather duller. Total length 4*7 
inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*2, tail 2*2, tarsus 05 . (Mus. Steere.) 

Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines. 

53. MYIAGRA. Type 
Mjdagra, Vigors & Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 250 
(1826) .- M. nubecula. 
Platygnathus, Hartl in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 132. M. rufiyentris. 

Bill of Myiagra melanura. 

Range. Australia and Tasmania; Austro-Malayan region and 
Oceania. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Throat leaden grey or greenish black, like the 
head. 
a'. Abdomen white. 
a". Back ashy or leaden grey, with a slight 
gloss on the head. 
a"'. Lores dusky greyish or lead-colour, 
not darker than the sides of the face. rubeeuia $, p. 373. 
b"'. Lores and feathers in front of the eye 
black , concinna <$, p. 374. 

372 
MuscieAPiDJs. 

b'\ Back glossy green; lores and ear-coverts 
blacker. 


&". Larger; wing 3*55 inches: upper surface 
of body and throat bright steel-
green nitida <?, p. 375. 

d"\ Smaller; wing 2*85 inches: back dull 
greenish, with somewhat of an oily-
green cast. 


a4-, Inner webs of tail-feathers whitish 
at tip caledonica $ , p. 378. 
b4. Inner webs of tail-feathers entirely 

black melanura $, p, 379. 
b'. Abdomen chestnut ritfivmtrk <£, p. 370. 
c\ Abdomen leaden grey or blue-black. 

c". Larger; wing 3*25 inches: back leaden 
grey, the head glossy greenish pluio $ f p. 380. 

d". Smaller,* wing 2*85 inches: back glossy 
blue-black, the head iiniform with the 
back atra <$, p. 380. 

b. Throat light or dark rufous. 
d\ Head more or less darker than the back, 
but not forming an azure-blue cap. 
e'\ Head perceptibly glossy, dark greenish 
or lead-colour, contrasting more or less 
with the back, which has very little 
gloss. 


e"'. Lores and base of forehead blackish 
or glossy greenish, like the crown, 
not grey. 


c*. Cheeks and throat deep chestnut; 
breast and under surface pure white, 
sharply defined; under wing-coverts 


and axillaries pure white albiventrts $, p. 377, 

d*. Cheeks and throat deep orange-
rufous, rest of under surface whitish, 
slightly shaded with orange-
buff: under wing-coverts and axil-r „ 7 J • 0 o^« 

laries orange-bul 
ededomeaj, p. 8/0. 
° \ oeeamea 3, p. 383. 
f". Lores and base of forehead greyish. 
e4'. Abdomen rufous, like the breast and 
throat rvfiventris $, p. 376, 
f\ Abdomen more or less pure white. 
a5. Throat deep orange-rufous or 
chestnut. 
a8. Red colour of throat not extending 
to fore neck albkentris $ , p. 377. 

56. Red colour of throat occupying 
also the fore neck and chest.. rujigula J , p. 382. 
¥, Throat light orange-buff or rufous. 
c\ Larger; wing 2*85 inches: 
throat orange-rufous right up 
to base of bill; tail uniform.. latirostris <J, p. 381. 

d*. Smaller; wing 2*75 inches: 
chin white; throat orange-
rufous ; tail-feathers tipped 
with white , modeda, p. 378. 

53. 
MTIAtitU.. 373 
f'. Head with scarcely any gloss, ashy grey, 

nearly uniform with the back. 

g'". 
Outer tail-feather not edged with 

white. 

g*. Forehead grey, the lores and base of 

forehead reddish buff , galeata $, p. 385. 

A4. Forehead and lores chestnut erythrops, p. 383. 

h"r. Outer tail-feather edged with white 

along the outer web. 

i4. Outer tail-feather white for nearly 

terminal half , ealedonica $, p. 370. 

k4. Outer tail-feather only edged with 

white at tip of both webs. 

e5. Throat deep orange-rufous; greater 

coverts tipped with dull whitish, 

but not edged with the same .. rtrfigula $, p. 382. 

ds. Throat light orange - rufous; 

greater wing-coverts edged with , b j ? , 

e'. Crown of head with an azure-blue cap, contrasting 
strongly with the back. 
gn. Larger; throat deep maroon; outer tail-
feathers not tipped with white azureicapilla, p. 383. 
h". Smaller: throat deep chestnut; outer 
tail-feathers white at the ends castaneigularis, p. 384. 

c. Throat white. 
f. Under surface entirely white galeata $, p. 385. 
g\ 
Under surface ashy brown, the abdomen ]gorammisi m 
wlute


 j^$,p.381. 

1. Myiagra rubecula. 
Bed-breasted Tody, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 147. 
Todus rubecula, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl p. xxxii. 
Platyrhynchus rubecula, Vieill. N. t)ict d'Hist. Nat. xxvii. p. 16. 
Myiagra rubeculoides, Vig. 8f Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 253. 
Myiagra plumbea, Vig. Sf Ilorsf. Tr. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 254; Gould, 


B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 89; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 204; 
Bp. Consp. i. p, 321; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. p. 90; Gould, Ilandb. 
B. Austr. i, p. 252; Bamsay, Ibis, 1P65, p. 301; Biggies, Orn. 
Austr. pi. 38. figs. 3, 4; Legge, Pr. B. Soe. Tasm. 1875, p. 10; 
Bamsay, B. Z. S. 1875, p. 587; id. Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 
p. 182. 
Myiagra rubecula, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261; id, Iland-l. B. i, p. 327, 
no. 4915. 

Myiagra leucogastra, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii. p. 336. 

Myiagra nitida, Belz. Ibis, 1873, p. 113. 

Myiagra concinna (nee Gould), Salvad. fy D1Albert Ami. Mus. 

*dvic. Genov. vii. p. 819; Salvad, op. cit, ix. p. 24 j Sharpe^ Journ. 
Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 498. 

Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, with a steel-green 
gloss ; wing-coverts like the back; quills dusky brown, externally 
ashy grey; tail-feathers dusky brown, edged with grey, slightly 
glossed with green; sides of fact, sides of neck, throat, and fore 
neck leaden grey, like the back, but more distinctly glossed with 

374 
MTJSCICAPID-E. 

steel-green; feathers in front of eye dull greyish; remainder of 
under surface white; thighs dusky; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white; quills ashy brown below, white along the inner web ; 
" bill leaden blue, except at the tip, which is black; feet black ; 
iris black " (Gould). Total length 5*7 inches, culmen 0'6o, wing 3*1, 
tail 2*8, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. General colour above bluish grey, rather duller and 
browner on the back; wing-coverts and quills dusky brown, externally 
edged with bluish grey, the least series like the back; tail-
feathers light ashy brown, with reddish-brown shafts, the outer 
feathers considerably paler both at the tips and on the outer webs; 
forehead and lores slightly hoary; feathers below the eye darker 
slate-colour; eyelid dull whitish; cheeks, throat, and fore neck 
light reddish buff, paler on the breast; rest of under surface of body 
white, the flanks slightly washed with grey; thighs dusky; under 
wing-eoverts white, with dusky bases; quills ashy brown below, 
white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5*2 inches, 
culmen 0*5, wing 2*8, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*6. 


Obs. I consider M. concinna to be really a distinct species from 

M. ruhecula, but on totally different grounds from those given by 
Mr. Gould. Indeed, if we did not know that his specimens were 
from North-west Australia, his figures and descriptions would be 
referable to M. ruhecula. The chief difference in the male birds is 
the presence of the black frontal line and black lores of M. concinna. 
The specimens from South-eastern New Guinea belong to 21. rubeada, 
not to M. concinna. 
Hah. Australia and Tasmania, ranging into South-eastern New 
Guinea. 


a. $ 
ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
(Type of M. plumbea.) 
b. 2 
ad sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.]. 
(Type of M. ruhecula.) 
c. § &d. sk. Australia. 
d. e. <$ $ ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased. 
f. <$ juv. sk. Dunk Island. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.]. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.]. 
h. $ ad. • i $ juv. sk. Near Port Moresby, 
0. 0. Stone, Esq. [G.]. 
S.E. New Guinea. 
2. lEyiagra concinna. 
Muscivore plonibe*, Homlr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 12 his, 
fig. 2. 
Myia^ra concinna, Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 90; Bp. Oomp. i. p. 321; 
Meichenb. Vog. Neuholl. p. 224, no. 571; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. 

i. p. 254; Finsch, Neu-Gtrinea, p. 170; Biggies, Orn. Austr. text 
to pi. 38; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 328, no. 4917; Bamsay, Pr. Linn. 
Soc.KS.W.ii.V.lS2. 
Myiagra grisea, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, texte, iii. p. 78. 

Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, with a steel-
greenish gloss, deeper on the head, sides of face, sides of neck, throat. 

53 . MY1AU1U. 
375 
and fore neck, which are steel-green of an ashy shade; a narrow 
frontal line, lores, and feathers in front of the eye black; rest of 
under surface pure white, including the under wing-eovcrts and 
axillaries; wing-coverts above ashy grey like the back, glossed 
with green; quills dusky brown, edged with ashy whitish, below 
greyish brown, edged with whitish along the inner web; tail-feathers 
ashy brown, edged with steel-greenish; u bill leaden-blue, black at 
extreme tip; feet blackish grey; iris brown" {Gould), Total 
length 5*6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-95, tail 2-65, tarsus 0*65. 

Ecib. Northern and North-western Australia. 
a, b. <$ ? ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. "W. Chambers [P.]. 

c. <$ ad. sk. 
Port Essington. Capt. "W. Chambers [P.I. 
d. 6 
ad. sk. N.W. Australia, Feb. 21, J. It. Elsey, Esq. [P.J. 
1856. J' i L J 
e,f. 
<$ ad. sk. Depot, Victoria River, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.]. 
3Nov. 1855. 


3. Myiagra nitida. 
Myiagra nitida, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 142; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261; 
Gould, B. Austr, folio, ii. pi. 91; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. p. 223, 
no. 570; Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 321; Jacq. el Pucker. Voy. P8le 
Slid, texte, iii. p. 78; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 255 j Gray, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 328, no. 4916; Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 38. fig. 2; 
Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 586. 
Myiagre brillant, Rombr. et Jacq, Voy. Pole Slid, Atlas, pi. 12 Us, 
fig. 4. 
Myiagra rubecula, Ramsay, Pr. Linn, Soc. JST. S. W. ii. p. 182 (nee 
Lath.). 
Adult male. General colour above glossy steel-black with a'greenish 
shade; wing-coverts uniform with the back; greater coverts and 
quills black, edged with steel-green, the innermost secondaries 
washed with green; tail black, edged with steel-green; sides of 
face, sides of neck, throat, and fore neck glossy greenish black; 
remainder of under surface white, including the under wing-
coverts and axillaries, the latter with black bases; sides of body 
shaded with dusky grey; thighs white, with dusky bases; quills 
blackish below, edged with white along the inner web; " bill leadcolour 
at base, passing into black at the tip ; feet black; iris black " 
(Gould). Total length 6*6 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*55, tail 3*2, 
tarsus 0*65. 
Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
brown shaded with slaty grey, the latter colour more developed on 
the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts uniform with the 
back, the primary-coverts darker brown; quills externally edged 
with ashy brown; tail brown, with pale shafts, the penultimate 
feather lighter brown, the outermost still paler, edged with white 
along the outer web and at the tip of the inner one ; head darker 
slate-colour than the back, and strongly glossed with steel-blue; 
ear-coverts and feathers under the eye blackish * forehead washed 
with hoary grey; feathers in front of the eye and eyelid dusky 
white; cheeks, throat, and fore neck orange-rufous, the rest of the 

376 MFSCICAPIDJE. 

under surface white, slightly washed with orange-buff^ the flanks 

washed with dusky grey; thighs dull brown ; under wing-coverts 

and axillaries pale orange-fulvous, with dusky bases; quills ashy 

brown below, edged with white along the inner web. Total length 

6-4 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3-35, tail 3*15, tarsus 0-65. 

Young male. Similar to the old female, but with more gloss on 

the upper surface, the orange of the throat much deeper and more 

chestnut, and slightly shaded with black. 

Hah. Australia and Tasmania. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [P.l 
b. <$ juv. st. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [P.J. 
e, d. $ $ ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased. 
e. P ad. sk. Cape Upstart, April 1st, J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. 
1843. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunn, Esq. [P.J. 

g. <J ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [0.]. 
4. Myiagra rufiventris. (Plate XI. fig. 1.). 
Platvrhynchos vanikorensis*, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstrol i. 

p/l83, pi. 5. fig. 1 j HartiL in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 101 $ Peak, 

1I.S. JExpl Exp. p. 102. 

Muscicapa vanikorensis, Gray, Gen. B. I. p. 203. 

Platygnathus vanikorensis, ILartX. in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 132. 

Mviagra vanikorensis, Cass. U.JS. Expl. Exp. p. 148; Gray, Hand-l. 

"B. i. p. 329, no. 4936. 

Myiagra rufiventris, Elliot, Ibis, 1859, p. 393. 

Myiagra castaneiventris (nee Mortarcha casianekentris, Verr.f), Finsch 

Sf Marti Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 93, pi. 9. figs. 2, 3 ; JVhitmee, 
Ibis, 1875, p. 447; Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 435 $ id. Ibis, 1876, 

p. 392; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 734. 
Adult male. General colour slaty grey, with a greenish gloss, the 
sides of the rump more decidedly greyer; wings dark brown, the 
least and median coverts greenish; greater coverts greyish, edged 
with greenish; quills edged with grey, slightly shaded with green; 
tail ashy brown, glossed slightly with green, the outer feathers 
narrowly edged with white at the tip of the inner web; head all 
round,, throat, fore neck, and sides of neck glossy greenish black, 
the rest of the under surface chestnut; thighs white, with grey 
bases; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, slightly tinged with 
yellowish; quills dusky brown below, ashy whitish along the edge 
of the inner web; " bill blue-black; legs the same; iris brown" 
(Layard). Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3, tail 2*5, 
tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being much paler in 
colour; upper surface ashy grey, without any greenish gloss; wings 

* Dr. Oustalefc kindly informs me that the type of M. vaniJcoremh is undoubtedly 
of the same species as M. rufiventris; but the name cannot be used as 
it perpetuates an error in locality. 
f This species of Yerreaux's, apparently represented only by the unique specimen 
in the British Museum, is quite a different bird, and belongs to the genus 
Pomarea. I hare figured both species on the same Plate to clear up the matter. 

53 , MYlACHtA. 377 

and tail brown, externally edged with grey: head darker than the 
"back, and strongly glossed with green ; sides of face and ear-coverts 
dark like the crown ; in front of the eye a spot of dull white; cheeks 
and under surface of body light chestnut or cinnamon-buff, the chin 
and fore part of cheeks whiter; thighs whitish; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries white, with blackish bases ; quills dusky brown below, 
edged with white along the inner web; 4t bill blue; legs blue-black; 
iris reddish brown " (Layard). Total length 5-2 inches, culmon 0-6, 
wing 2*75, tail 2-25, tarsus 0*65. 

Hub. Fiji Islands; universally distributed. 

a. Ad. sk. [Samoan Inlands.] Purchased. (Type of M. 
nifioeHtris.) 
b. $ ad. bk. Ovalau, Sept. 15,1874. E, L. Layard, Esq. "0.1. 
c. § ad. sk. Ovalau, June 12,1875. E. L. Layard, Esq. '0.1 
d. (S ad. sk. Leyuka,
1805. 
Ovalau, July J. Bvenchlev, Esq. "p;L 
e. <$ ad. sk. 
/>ff- 6 2 ad-&k-
h. <$ ad. sk. 
Matuku Island ( Voyage 
of the1 Herald'). 
Ngau Island. 
Matheraia Island (Lay* 
F. M. Rayner, Esq. [P.]. 
F.M.Rayner,E>q. [P.]. 
itev. S. J. Whitmee. 
ard). 
i. <$ ad. sk. Kandavu, Sept. 1876 Godeffroy Museum. 
(Kleiuschmidt). 
h $ ad. sk. ValuLele,Aug.23,1876 (Todeffroy Museum. 
(Kleinschmidt). 

5. Myiagra albiventris. 
Platyrhynchus albiventris, Peak, U.S. Fxpl Exp. p. 103, pi. 27.fig. 3; 

Hartl in Wiegm. Arch 1852, n. 101. 
Platygnathus albiventris, Hartl in Wiegm. Arch 1852, p. 133. 
Myiagra rubecula, Cass, U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 149 (nee Lath), 
Myiagra albiventris, Gray, Cat B. Trop. Isl Pacific Ocean, p. 18; 

Finsch 8f Hartl. Faun. Centralpoli/n. p. 93, pi. 9. fig. 1; Oral/, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 328, no. 4926; * WMtmce, Ibis, 1875, p. 440; 
Layard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 492.' 

Adult male. General colour above dull slaty grey, with a steel-
grey lustre ; wing-coverts like the back ; greater coverts, primary-
coverts, and quills blackish, without any lustre on the edges of the 
feathers, which are slightly shaded with slaty grey externally; tail 
black, slightly glossy on the edges of the feathers; head, sides of 
face, and ear-coverts glossy steel-greenish black; cheeks, throat, and 
chest rich chestnut; rest of under surface of body pure white, the 
sides of the upper "breast slaty grey, glossed with steel-green; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, with dusky black bases; quills 
slaty black below, narrowly edged with white along the inner web; 
" bill light blue; legs black; iris brown " {Peak). Total length 5-5 
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2*85, tail 2*55, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but not so richly coloured, the 
head and sides of face not much darker than the back, and with no 
more gloss; lores greyish; chestnut colour of throat not so rich, and 

VOL. iv. 2 c 

378 
MCSGICiiPlD-SE. 

not extending so far down as in the male. Total length 0*3 inches, 
oilmen 0-6, wing 2*7, tail 2-25, tarsus 0*65. 
Hah. Samoa or Navigators' Islands. 

a,b. (S $ ad. sk. Upolu, Samoa Islands. Kev. S. J.Wkitniee [C.]. 

c. Ad. sk. Samoa. Godeffroy Museum. 
6. Myiagra nio&esta. 
Myiagra modesta, 
Gray, Cat. B. Trov. 1st Pacific Ocean, p. 18 -id. 
*Hand-l B. i. p. 328, no. 4925. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above leaden grey, washed 
with glossy steel-green on the hack; wing-coverts like the hack ; 
quills dusky brown, externally light leaden grey; tail-feathers leaden 
grey, dusky on the inner webs, narrowly edged with dull white at 
the tips, the outer feathers more plainly; head and neck glossy 
steel-green, of a leaden-grey cast, the ear-coverts and sides of face 
duller; a line at the "base of the forehead and the feathers in front 
of the eye light grey ; eyelid whitish ; cheeks and under surface of 
body light orange-rufous, whiter on the throat and fore part of 
cheeks, and fading into buff on the sides of the body; abdomen, 
under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under wmg-coverts white; thighs 
dusky, the feathers edged with white; quills ashy brown below, 
whitish along the inner web. Total length 5*7 inches, culmen 0*55, 
wing 2*75, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*8. 

Hah. New Ireland. 

a. Ad. sk. New Ireland. 
Purchased. 
7. Myiagra caledonica. 
Myiagra caledonica, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 55; Gray, 
Hand4. B. i. p. 328, no. 4924 - id. in Brenehleifs Cruise of the 
1 Curagoa/ pi. 8. %. 2; Layard, Ibis, 1877, p. 358. 

Myiagra perspicillata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 161; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 170; Marie, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 327; 
Sclater $ Salv. Ibis, 1877, p. 302. 

Myiagra viridinitens, 
Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 102 ; id. Cat. B. Trap. 
Isl Pacific Ocean, p. 18 * id. Hand4. B. i. p. 328, no. 4922; Marie, 
Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 327: Sclater 8c Salv, Ibis. 
1877, p. 3G2. 

Adxdt male (type of species). Above glossy greenish black; wings 
dusky black, the coverts edged with greenish like the back; quills 
obscurely edged with dingy grey ; tail black, with a slight whitish 
edging at the tip, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which 
is edged with white along the outer web; sides of face, sides of 
neck, entire throat, and fore neck greenish black like the back ; rest 
of under surface of body pure white, the sides dusky grey ; thighs 
dull brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with blackish 
bases ; quills ashy brown below, edged with white along the inner 
web. Total length 5f8 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 2*85, tail 2*7, 
tarsus 0*8. 

&L MTU6IU. 371) 

Young male. General colour above dull leaden grey glossed with 
greenish, the head very little darker than the hack, and more plaiuly 
glossed with dull greenish ; least and median coverts uniform with 
the hack, the greater series brown, narrowly lippod with whitish ; 
quill3 brown, narrowly edged with lighter brown ; tail-feathers 
brown, the penultimate one tipped with white on the inner web, 
the outermost white for nearly the terminal half, and edged with 
white along the outer web; lores, bides of face, and ear-coverts 
greenish black ; eyelid white; cheekd, throat, and fore neck deep 
orange-rufous, almost chestnut; the rest of the under surface white, 
tinged with orange-buff on the sides of the body ; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries light orange-buff; quills dark brown below, ashy 
whitish along the inner web; tciris dark brown7* (Brenchleif). 
Total length d"5 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 2*7, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being paler and more abhy 
grey, browner on the back, the head alone with a dull greenish 
gloss; wing-coverts brown like the back, with a narrow whitish tip 
to the greater series; quills brown, margined with lighter brown, 
the inner secondaries edged with whitish at the tip ; tail-feathers 
dark brown, slightly tipped with whitish, increasing in extent 
towards the outer feathers, the outermost white along the external 
web and for nearly the terminal third of the inner one ; lores ashy 
grey ; eyelid white ; ear-coverts darker grey than the head ; cheeks, 
sides of neck, throat, and chest orange-rufous, the breast buff, fading 
into white on the abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts ; thighs 
brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries light orange-buff; quills 
ashy brown below, light orange-buff along the inner web. Total 
length 5'2 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 2-65, tail 2-55, tarsus 0*05. 

Hah. New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Port de France, New GaleJ. 
Brenehley, Esc[. [P.]. 
donia, Oct. 1865, 
b. S jav. sk.
c. $ ad. sk. 
Nu, Port dft France. 
New Caledonia. 
J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.J. 
(Type of 31. penpicillata.) 
Purchased. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Loyalty Islands, Sir G. Grey [P.]% 
(Type of M. virklinitens,) 

8. Myiagra melanura. 
Myiagra melanura, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl Pacific Ocean, n. 18; id. 
H.and-1 B. i. p. 328, no. 4923; id, m Brenchleifs Cruise of the 
« Curacoa; pi. 8, fig. 1; Tristr. Ibis, 1870, p. 202. 

Adult male (type of species). Similar to M. caledonka, but with 
the tail entirely black, without the white edgings at the tip of the 
inner web. Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3, tail 2-^5, 
tarsus 0*7. 

Obs. The character by which Mr. Gray separated M. melanura 
from M. ealedonica was the absence of white edging to the outer 
tail-feather. This is true of the Erromango bird, and of the one 
from Yanua Lava; but in the specimen from Aneiteum the outer


2c 2 

380 M C SCICAPID^. 

feather is narrowly edged with, white, as in the Loyalty-Island bird, 

though not to the same extent. The amount of white on the tail 

evidently varies, and does not commend itself to me as a strong 

specific character. 

Adult female. General colour above light brown, somewhat shaded 

with ashy, especially on the rump and upper tail-coveits; wing-

coverts like the back, the edge of the wing white, as well as the tips 

to the greater coverts; quills dark brown, edged with lighter brown 

like the back ; tail light brown, the outer feathers ashy white at the 

tip of the inner webs, increasing in extent towards the outermost 

feather, which is edged with ashy white along the outer web also ; 

head darker than the back and distinctly shaded with slaty grey, as 

also the sides of the face; feathers in front of the eye lighter grey; 

round the eye a ring of whitish plumes • cheeks, throat, and breast 

light orange-buff, becoming gradually paler towards the abdomen, 

which is biiffy white, the under tail-coverts whiter; under wing-

coverts buffy white, the axillaries whiter; quills dusky brown below, 

edged with white along the inner web. 

Hab. New Hebrides and Banks's group. 

a, $ ad. sk. Erromango, New Hebrides. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 

h. 5 ad. sk. Aneiteum, New Hebrides. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C,]. 
c. $ ad. sk. Aneiteum. Purchased. 
d. C? ad. sk. Vanua Lava, Banks's group, J, Brenckley, Esq. [P.j. 
August 18(35. 
9. Myiagra pluto. 
Myiagra pluto, Finsch, P. Z. S.1875, p. 044• id. Journ. Mus. Godeffr. 
Heft xii. p. 29. 

Adult male. General colour above and below dark slate-colour, 
somewhat glossed with steel-grey on the back and breast; wing-
coverts like back, quills blackish; upper tail-coverts blacker than 
the back, glossed with steel-green; tail black, glossed with greenish 
on the edges of the feathers ; crown of head brighter than the rest of 
the upper surface, glossy steel-green ; under surface of quills edged 
with ashy brown along the inner webs. Total length 6*8 inches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 3*25, tail 8*05, tarsus 0*75. 

Adidt female. Similar to the male, but having the chin and throat 
dark brown. (Finsch.) 
Hab. Island of Ponape, Seniavin group. 

a. $ ad. sk. Ponape Island (Kuhary). Godeffroy Museum. 
10. Myiagra atra. 
Myiagra atra, Meyer. Sitz. h. Akad. Wien, Lux. p. 498; Selater. Ibis,
1874, p. 418. 

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, Beccari). General colour above and 
below blue-black, rather lighter below; wings and tail black, the 

53 . MYIAGKA. 
'4$\ 
feathers edged with blue-black like the back; quills ashy black 

below, greyer along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5'2 

inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*83, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*65. (Mus. 

Genov.) 

Adult female (Kordo, Beccari). Different from the male. General 
colour above ashy grey, the head inclining to bluish grey; wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills brown, edged 
with lighter ashy brown; tail-feathers brown, margined with ashy 
brown • lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts dusky grey, darker in 
front of and below the eye, the hinder part of the eyelid somewhat 
whitish; cheeks white; under surface of body greyish white, 
slightly mottled on the breast with darker subterminal marks of 
ashy; abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white ; thighs ashy 
brown; under wing-coverts ashy brown, edged with white, the 
axillaries white, with dusky-brown bases. Total length 5*2 inches, 
culmen 0*55, wing 2-6, tail 2*3, tarsus 0*65. (21ns. Genov.). 

Hob. Island of Misori in the Bay of Geelvmk. 

11. Myiagra latirostris. 
Muagra 
latirobtiis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 172; Gould, B. Awtir. 
folio, ii. pi. 02 ; Mcich. Voy. Keuholl. p. 223, no. 569; Bp. Consp. L 

p. 321; Gray, P. Z. S. 18o8, p. 176; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. 
p. 2o6; Finsch, Neti-Guinea, p. 170; Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 328, 
no. 4018 • SJiarpe, Jown, Linn. Svc. xiii. p. 498. 
Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, darker and more 
glossy on the head; lesser and median coverts like the back ; the 
greater coverts, primary-coverts, and quills dusky brown, externally 
edged with leaden grey like back, rather more hoary on the secondaries 
• tail-feathers dusky brown, externally leaden grey; sides of 
face leaden grey, not so glossy as the crown; eyelid whitish; 
feathers in front of and below the eye, lores, and base of forehead 
light ashy grey; cheeks, throat, and chest pale orange-rufous; 
remainder of under surface white, tinged with orange on the sides 
of the breast; thighs white, with dusky bases ; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries white; quills ashy brown below, whitish along the 
inner webs; " bill black; feet black; iris blackish brown" (Gould). 
Total length 6*5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*85, tail 2*75, tarsus 
0*7. 

Adult female. Different from the male in being much paler everywhere 
; the back ashy grey, the head only with greenish gloss ; 
wing-coverts like the back ; quills brown, with ashy-brown margins ; 
tail-feathers blackish, externally ashy grey, the two outer feathers 
paler brown, the outermost edged along the outer web with dull 
whitish, as well as the tip of the inner web; sides of face light ashy 
grey, the feathors in front of the eye and at base of forehead hoary 
whitish ; rest of under surface as in the male, but very much paler 
orange-rufous on the throat and chest. Total length 6*4 inches, 
culmen 0*6, wing 2-9, tail 2*8, tarsus 0*75. 

Obs. Following the identifications of Mr. Gray and Mr. Wallace, I 

382 31U&CICAPIDJE. 

keep the Aru-Islands Mylagm as identical with the North-Australian 

M. latirostris, but the specimens do not agree very well with 
Gould's figure. The Australian examples in the Museum are 
females in such worn plumage as to be useless for purposes of comparison. 
Hob. Northern Australia, Aru Islands, S.E. New Guinea. 

a. 2 ad. sk. Port Esbington. Br. Sibbald [P.], 
I. Q ad. sk. Quail-Island Mangroves J. R. Elsev, Esq. [P.]. 
N.W. Australia. 
sk Aru

c,d. d 2 ad-- Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.L 

e. <$ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
12. Myiagra rufigula. 
Myiagra rufigula, Wallace, P. Z. S, 1808, pp. 485,491; Gray, Hand-l 
B.i. p. 328, no. 4919. 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above leaden grey, 
with a greenish gloss; wing-coverts like the back; quills dusky 
blackish, externally edged with grey ; tail blackish, slightly shaded 
with greenish on the edges of the feathers, the outermost one 
narrowly edged with white at the tip and also along the outer web; 
sides of face leaden grey, like the head; eyelid in front white; a 
narrow frontal line and feathers in front of the eye conspicuously 
lighter ashy grey• cheeks, throat, and chest rich orange-chestnut, 
extending upon the sides of the breast; rest of under surface of body 
and under tail-coverts pure white, the flanks washed with orange; 
thighs white, with dusky bases; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white, faintly washed with orange-buff; quills ashy brown below, 
edged with white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5-9 
inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*75, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*7, 

Adult female. Different from the male; much lighter grey above, 
the head uniform with the back and only slightly glossed with steel-
green ; lesser and median coverts like the back; greater series dusky 
brown, narrowly tipped with white; quills dusky brown, edged with 
ashy; tail blackish, obsoletely tipped with white, more plainly on the 
penultimate feather, the outermost paler brown, edged with white 
along the outer web and at the tip of the inner web * sides of face like 
the head, the feathers in front of the eye and at the hase of the forehead 
hoary grey • cheeks, throat, and chest deep orange-rufous, paler on 
the throat * rest of under surface white, slightly shaded with orangebufT 
on the flanks and on the wing-coverts. Total length 6 inches, 
culmen 0-6, wing 2-6, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*65. 

Bah. Timor group of islands. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Semao Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.], 
(Type of species.) 
h c. 6 2 ad. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
<?, e. S ad. sk. E. Timor. A. It. Wallace, Esq. [O.J 

53. MYTAOBA. 383 
13. Myiagra oeeanica. 
Platyrhyneho oc&tnien, Ilombr. et Jacq. Voy. PokSud, Atlas, pi. 12 bk, 
%s. 1,2. 
Myiagra oeeanica, Jacq. et Puchr. Voy. P6le Stid, texte, iii. p. 77 j 
Gray, Cat Birds Trop. I$L Pacific Ocean, p. 18: id. I£and4. B, i. 

p. 328, no. 4929. 
Adult female. Blackish on the upper part of the head and neck, as 
well as on the back; the rufous colour of the fore neck and thorax 
very nearly obsolete; abdomen white; quills and upper wing-coverts 
like the back; lower wing-coverts white, spotted with black; 
middle tail-feathers like the wing, but the lateral ones rather of 
an earthy brown; iris buff; bill and feet greyish brown. Total 
length 6-5 inches, bill 0-55, tail 2*45, tarsus 0*8. (Pwcheran.) 

Mab. Island of Hogoleu, Caroline group. 

14. Myiagra erythrops. 
Myiagra erythrops, Hartl $ Finsch, P. Z. &1868, pp. 6,117, et 1872, 

p. 07 ; Finsch, Jour. Mas. Godeffr. Heft viii. p. 20. 
Adult male. General colour above light brown, more ashy on the 
rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts like the back; greater 
series and quills brown, obscurely edged with rufous-brown, the 
inner secondaries narrowly margined with ashy whitish; tail light 
ashy brown, with a narrow edging of white to the tips of the three 
outermost feathers; head obscure slaty grey; forehead and lores 
orange-rufous, shading gradually off on the crown; ear-coverts 
slaty grey; feathers round the eye, cheeks, and under surface of 
body orange-rufous or bay, deeper on the sides of the chest; lower 
abdomen and under tail-coverts whitish; thighs dusky; under 
wing-coverts whitish, with dusky bases, and slightly washed with 
rufous; "bill black" (Tetens); abill clear horn-colour, with black 
tip" (Kubary); "legs black; iris black" {Tetens). Total length 
5-2 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*55, tail 2, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 5 inches, cul


men 0*6, wing 2*65, tail 2*05, tarsus 0*8. 
Hob. Pelew Islands. 
a, b. <$ $ ad. sk.
c, d. Ad. sk. 
Pelew Islands (Kubary). 
Pelew Islands. * 
Godeflroy Museum. 
Mr. Cohen [C.]. 

15. Kyiagra azTireicapilla. 
Myiagra azureocapilla, Laijard, Ibis, 1875, p. 434, et 1876, pp. 150, 
392; Rowley', Orn. Mise, i. pi. xxxv. 
Myiagra cseruleocapilla (lapsu), Sclater $ Salvin, Ibis} 1877, p. 122. 

Adult male. General colour above dull slaty blue ; wing-coverts 
and quills black, edged with bluish, like the back; tail black, with 
greyish edges to the feathers; head light azure-blue, forming a cap; 

384 MITSCICAPIDJE. 

a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers above and below the eye, and 

sides of bead black, the latter with a slaty gloss; a broad band of 

azure-blue from the angle of the mouth and occupying the ear-

coverts ; cheeks and entire throat deep maroon, paler on the chin, 

the feathers of the fore neck slightly tipped with slaty blue; rest 

of under surface white, the sides of the upper breast slaty blue, as 

also the under wiug-coverts ; axillaries blackish, tipped with white ; 

quills blackish below, edged with brown along the inner web; u bill 

orange; legs brown; iris brown" (Layard). Total length 6*1 

inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*2, tail 2*9, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above chocolate-brown; 

wings blackish brown, the coverts broadly tipped with rusty; quills 

edged with rusty brown, the innermost secondaries broadly edged 

with rusty ; tail-feathers blackish, the three outer ones tipped with 

dull white, increasing in extent towards the outermost; head brown, 

the sides of the crown and nape somewhat shaded with slate


colour ; feathers in front of the eye and eyelid dull white; sides of 

face below the eye slaty grey, with another broad streak of white 

from below the fore part of the eye and occupying the ear-coverts; 

cheeks, throat, and fore neck maroon-brown, paler on the chin; 

rest of under surface white, the sides rufous-brown; thighs dark 

slaty; sides of upper breast brown; " upper mandible brown, lower 

one orange; legs brown; iris brown " {Layard). Total length 5*8 

inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*05, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*85. 

Hob. Fiji Islands: Taviuni. 

«j h. $ 2 a(l-sk- Ngila, Taviuni, Fiji, E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.]. 
August 1875. 

18. Myiagra castaneigularis. 
Myiagra castaneigularis, Layard, Ibis, 1876, pp. 389, 392. 

Adult male. General colour above dark bluish grey, the least 
wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts and quills blackish, 
edged with bluish grey, like the back; tail blackish, with slight grey 
margins to the feathers, which are slightly tipped with white, increasing 
in extent towards the outer ones, which have very broad 
white ends; crown of head silvery azure, forming a cap; lores, 
feathers above the eye, and sides of crown greyish black, extending 
round the back of the nape in a broad though indistinct band; a 
band of feathers from the angle of the mouth and ear-coverts azure-
blue ; cheeks and entire throat deep chestnut; rest of under surface, 
from the fore neck downwards, pure white, the flanks mixed with 
dusky grey, and the sides of the breast blaty blue; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white; quills dusky brown, lighter brown 
along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*6, 
wing 2*95, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above dark brown, the 
least wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts daiker 
brown externally, edged with the same brown as the back, and 

53 . MnAWKA. 385 
tipped with reddish ochre; quills dark brown, externally edged with 
brown, like the back; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish brown, 
slightly margined with lighter brown and tipped with white, which 
increases in extent towards the outermost; head and nape dull ashy 
black, forming a cap; lores whitish ; sides of face ashy blackish, 
mottled with rufous spots on the ear-coverts; cheeks and throat 
rufous-chestnut; rest of under surface white, the sides of body 
washed with rufous-ochre; the sides of the upper breast greyish 
brown, washed with chestnut-red; under wing-coverts and axillaris 
white, with dusky bases; quills light dusky brown, edged with 
buffy white along the inner webs. Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 
0*6, wing 2-8, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*8. 

Hab. Titi Levu, Fiji Islands. 

a,b, c? ? ad. sk. Interior of Viti Le^u Museum Godeftroy. 
( Klewschmidt), 

17. Myiagra galeata. 
Myiagra galeata, Gray, P. Z. K 1860. p. 352; Wallace, P. Z. & 1808, 

p. 29; Finschy Neu-Guinea, p. 170; Gray, Hand-l. B, i. p. 328, 
no. 4920; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. viii. p. 377. 
Adult female (type of species). General colour above slaty blue, 
with a strong steel-greenish lustre; the wing-coverts like the back; 
quills brown, externally slaty grey; tail slaty blue, more ashy 
brown on the inner webs; crown and nape and sides of face glossy 
steel-black; cheeks and entire under surface of body pure white, including 
the under wing-coverts and axillaries; thighs dusky, with 
whitish edgings; quills dusky brown below, edged with lighter 
brown along the inner web. Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0-6, 
wing 2*6, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult vncde. Similar to the female. Total length 5*£ inches, wing 

2-6, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*6. 

Young female. General colour above ashy brown, the head dull 
slaty blue; wing-coverts like the back, the quills dark brown, the 
secondaries externally edged with whity brown; tail light brown, 
shaded with ashy grey on the centre feathers ; in front of the eye a 
triangular patch of dull white ; eyelid buffy white; sides of face 
and ear-coverts slaty grey; cheeks and under surface of body pale 
orange-rufous, fading into reddish buff on the abdomen and under 
tail-coverts; under wing-coverts buffy whitish. Total length 5 inches, 
culmen 0*6, wing 2*45, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*55. 

Obs. In this species the sexes of the adults seem to be alike. 

Several females, examined by Mr. "Wallace in Batchian and Ceram 

at different times, are exactly like the adult males. 

Hab. Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Island, Ternate, Ceram, Bouru. 

a. $ ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. 9 ad. sk. Batchian. A. R" Wallace, Esq. [C.l 
c. Ad. sk. Gilolo. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0. j . 
386 MUSCICAPIDJE. 
d. d ad.; e, $ juv. sk.
f,g.<$2 ad. sk.
\, t. Juv. sk.
/c, I. $ juv. sk. 
Morty Island. 
N. Ceram. 
N. Ceram. 
Bourn. 
A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 

18. Myiagra goramensis. 
Adult male. Similar to M. galeata, but considerably larger, and 
having the under mandible yellow, not black. Total length 6 inches, 
culmen 0*6, wing 2*9, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*65. 

Hab. Island of Goram, Moluccas. 

a. $ ad. sk. Goram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
54. PSEUDOBIAS. 
Type. 
Pseudobias, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 498 P. wardi. 

Bill of Pseudobias wardi. 

Range. Confined to Madagascar. 

1. Pseudobias wardi. 
Pseudobias wardi, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 498, pi. 15; id. P. Z. S. 1871, 

p. 318; Hartl. Tog. Madag. p. 172. 
Pseudobiastes wardi, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43 (err.). 
Adult (type of species). General colour above glossy black, having 
a slight shade of green in some lights; the outermost greater coverts 
spotted with white at the tip, the innermost entirely white; the 
secondaries also broadly edged with white, forming a longitudinal 
white alar bar; tail square, black, white at the base of the outer 
webs; throat, sides of the neck, abdomen, under wing- and tail-
coverts silky white; upper part of the breast glossy black, verging 
into greyish black on the flanks ; bill and feet black. Total length 
6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*9, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*55. 

Hah. Madagascar. 

a. Ad. sk. Madagascar (A. Crossley). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(Type of species.) 
55 . MEOABIAS. 387 
55. MEGABIAS. T 
Megabias, J. # E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1855, 
p. 348 , M. flainmulatus. 
Myiagroides, Reichenow, J.f. 0. 1874, p. 102 M. flainmulatus. 
Bill of Megabias flammv I atus. 

Range. Confined to Western Africa. 

1. Megabias flamnaiilatus. 
Megabias flammulata, J. fy. E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855, 

p. 348 j Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 92 ; Shelley and Buckley, Ibis, 1872, 
p. 292. 
Megabiasbicolor, Elliot. Ibis, 1859, p. 394; Hartl. J.f 0.1861,p. 168; 
Reichen.J.f.O. 1875, p. 25. 
Srnithornis tricolor (lapsu), Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4868. 
Myiagroides conspicuus, Reichen. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 102. 

Adult male. Above glossy greenish black, darker on the head, with 
a steel-blue gloss ; wings black, margined with glossy green on the 
edges of all the coverts and quills; rump and upper tail-coverts pure 
white, the feathers dusky at base; longer upper tail-coverts and 
tail-feathers black, glossed with green on the edges of the feathers; 
nasal plumes, lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts steel-
black ; checks and entire under surface of body pure white ; under 
wing-coverts black, edged with greenish; " bill black; feet violet; 
iris dark reddish brown" (Reichenow); "iris red; tarsi and feet 
pink" (Shelley and Buckley). Total length 6*1 inches, culmen 0*8, 
wing 3*45, tail 2*55, tarsus 0-6..T 

Adult female (type of species). General colour above bright chestnut, 
the rump somewhat mottled with subterminal white markings, 
the bases of all the feathers dijsky; head and nape ashy brown; 
wing-coverts chestnut, the least; series browner; quills dark brown, 
externally edged with chestnut, broader on the secondaries, the 
innermost of which are almost entirely of the latter colour, with 
dark-brown centres ; tail uniform chestnut; ear-coverts ashy brown, 
with distinct white shaft-streaks; cheeks and under surface of body 
white, mottled all over with dusky-brown edges to the feathers, 
producing a striped appearance; vent and under tail-coverts light 
tawny; thighs whitish, washed with tawny; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries deep chestnut; lower surface of quills brown, narrowly 
edged with rufous along the inner web. Total length 7*2 inches, 
culmen 0*75, wing 3*55, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*65. 

Hah, "West Africa: Gaboon to the Gold Coast. 

388 jnrsciCAPiD^:. 
«. [ojad.sk.
L * J 
Gaboon. M Verreaux. . 
(lype of species.) 
6. J ad. sk. Gaboon. ^X^^ r * r ; . > 
u (AJV^ of M.bicohr.; 

c. [ J ] ad. sk. Fantee (Goremor Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Type. ^ 
Smithornis, J%>. Coras/), i. p. 322 (1850) S. capensis. 
Phrynorhamplms, Kaup, P. Z. & 1861, p. 52 S. capensis. 

Bill of Smitkornls capensis. 

Range. Confined to Africa. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Larger: sides of upper breast white, with broad 
S> black streaks;^wing-coverts black, with white/ 
( t tips.. .^. T.. ..TTTT; capcTtsiSy p. 388. 

• b. Smaller: si&es-of-upper breast orange-chestnut; \ 
"V-uppeT "wing-coverts ^ohVe-bfown^ 
with sandy ) 
margins • • • 1'iifilateralisj p. 389, 

1. Smithornis capensis. 
Platyrhynchus capensis, Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr. pi. 27; Layard, B. 
S. Afr. p. 142. 
Smithomis capensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 322; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, 
no. 4866. 
Phrynorhamphus capensis, Kaup, IP. Z. S. 1851, p. 52 ; Gurnty, Ibis^ 
1862, p. 30. 
Adult female. Crown of head and nape black, the forehead 
slightly streaked with white ; upper surface of body generally olive-
brown, streaked with black, the longitudinal centres to the feathers 
being black; in the centre of the back a patch of white caused by 
the bases of the feathers being of this colour; wing-coverts olive-
brown, with blackish centres, the feathers broadly edged with sandy 
buff; quills brown with sandy edges ; tail brown, wit h paler tip s 
and pale-brown edges ; lores pure white, the shafts "blackish; ear coverts 
dark brown, with silvery-white shafts; throat white, with a 
broad moustachial streak of dusky black on each side ; rest of unde r 
surface buffy white, broadly streaked with blackish ; the abdomen 
and under tail-coverts pure white; under wing-coverts and axil laries 
burly white, the outermost of the greater coverts blackish % 
under surface of the quills greyish brown, the primaries white along 

389 

56, SMITHORKTS. 

their inner webs, the secondaries buff; "upper mandible nearly 
black, the under one pale; tarsi and feet pale; iris dark umber-
brown " (27. Ayres). Total length 5*4 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2*9, 
tail 2% tarsus 07. 

05s. Sir Andrew Smith in his description mentions the male as 
having a black head, while the female has a slaty-grey crown with 
brown stripes. The specimen described above shows that the adult 
female has the head black; and the grey-headed bird is therefore, in 
all probability, immature. 

Ilab. South-eastern Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. Natal. 
b. $ ad, sk. Natal (T. Ayres). J. II. Gurney, Esq. [P.]. 
2. Smithornis rufilateralis. 
Smithornis ruf olateralis, 
Gray, P. Z. & 1804, p. 143, pi. 1G; id. 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 325, no. 4867; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43; id. 
Ibis, 1872, p. 70; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 00. 

Adult. Head and nape, as well as the feathers round the eye and 
the ear-coverts, black ; round the hind neck a collar of rich orange-
chestnut ; mantle and scapulars olive-brown, washed slightly with 
orange; centre of the back black, mottled with white, all the feathers 
being white with broad black tips; least wing-coverts olive-brown, 
like the mantle: rest of the wing-coverts black, all tipped with 
white spots; quills dark brown; upper tail-coverts olive-brown ; 
tail-feathers blackish, with paler tips; lores white; cheeks white, 
streaked with black on the hinder part; throat pure white, the chin 
slightly spotted with black, of which there is a distinct moustachial 
streak; rest of under surface of body white, streaked with black, the 
abdomen and under tail-coverts unspotted• on each side of the upper 
breast a broad crescentic mark of bright orange- chestnut; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, the outermost of the greater series 
black, forming a spot* lower surface of quills dark brown, the primaries 
white towards their bases* bill black, the under mandible 
yellow. Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*35, tail 1*75, 
tarsus 0*55. 

Two specimens want the black head, which is olive-brown like 

the back, with dark brown stripes ; on the back the black margins 

are less broad, and the white shows more plainly. These are pro


bably young birds. 

Eab. Confined to the Gold Coast, "West Africa. 

a. Ad. sk Gold Coast. John Gould, Esq. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. 
John Gould, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk. Fantee (Governor Ussher). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
d. Ad. sk. Denkera. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e,f. Juv. sk. * Fantee (Governor Ussher). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
390 KUSCICA1MD.E. 

57. MACHJERORHYNCHUS. Typ e 
Machffirirhynchus, Gould P. Z. S. 1850, p. 277 M. flaviventer. 
Macheirhynchus, Schl. N. T. D. iv. p. 43. 
Macheirhamphus, Schl. torn,tit. p. 58 (Japsu,nec Westerm.). 

Cf. Salvad. AitiJL Accad. Torino, x. p. 369 (1875). 

Bill of MaoJuerorhynchus flaviventer. 

Range. Northern Australia, New Guinea and adjacent islands. 

Key to the Sjnecies. 

a. With, no patch of black on the "breast, which is 
entirely yellow; chin white. 
a\ Ear-coverts black; forehead and eyebrow yellow 
Jlaviventer, p. 390. 
b'. Ear-coverts yellow. 
a". Forehead and eyebrow yellow xantkogenys, p. 391. 
b". Forehead and eyebrow white albifrons, p. 392. 

b. With a large black patch on the breast; chin 
yellow, like the throat nigripectus, p. 392. 
1. MachaBrorhynclms flaviventer. 
Machserirhynchus flaviventer, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 277, pi. 33 
id. B. Austr. Suppl. p. 21, pi. 11; id. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 257 
Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 384; Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 24 
Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182. 

Machserirhynchus flaviventris, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 192; Finsch, 

Neu-Guinea, p. 168. 
Myiagra flaviventer, Gray, Hand-l. J?, i. p. 329, no. 4937. 
Macheirhynchus flaviventer, Schl. N. T. I), iv. p. 43. 
Machserorhynchus flaviventer, Sahad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, x. 

p. 373. 
Adult. General colour above olive-green, yellow on the rump; 
upper tail-coverts and tail black, the centre feathers obsoletely, 
the rest more broadly tipped with white, increasing in extent on 
the outer ones, which are also white along the outer web; wings 
black, the median and greater series of coverts broadly tipped with 
white, the primary-quills narrowly edged with white, the secondaries 
with yellow, the inner ones more broadly again with white ; forehead 
and a broad eyebrow, including the upper edge of the eyelid, bright 
yellow ; feathers in front of and below the eye, including the lower 
edge of the eyelid, black; chin, fore part of cheeks, and upper part 
of throat white ; hinder part of cheeks and entire under surface of 
body bright yellow, the flanks slightly greener; thighs black; under 

57 . MACnJEROttllTtfCKTJS. 
Ml 

wing-covorts white, with a patch of black near the outer edge of the 
greater series; quills blackish, white along the inner margin; bill 
black; feet blackish blue. Total length 4*6 inches culraen 06 
wing 2*25, tail 2, tarsus 0-55, ' 

Young. General colour above dull yellowish green, the head rather 
more dingy; wings brown, with white tips to the median and greater 
wing-coverts; quills edged with yellowish, the secondaries with 
white; tail-feathers black, edged with olive-yellow, and minutely 
tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost as in 
the adult; feathers in front of eye and ear-coverts dull brown • lores 
and eyebrow, as well as the forehead, dull golden yellow; checks 
and throat white : rest of under surface white, washed with yellow, 
and deepening into bright yellow on the vent and under tail-coverts', 
the chest mottled with circular markings of greenish ashy; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of quills white. 

Bab. Forth Australia. 
a. Ad. sk. N.E. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. 
* \A T i n v i (Type of species.) 
b. Ad.; c. Juv. sk.
d- Ad. sk. 
Cape York. 
Cape York, 
Mr. Cockerell [C.l. 
Mr. Cockerell [C.j. 

2. Machserorhyiiclius xanthogenys. 
Machserh'hynchus xanthogenys, Gray, P. Z. S. 18^8, pp. 170, 192id. 
Cat. %£. New Guinea, pp. 27, 57 ; id, P. Z. S, 1861, p/ 4M • 
Mnsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 168. 

Myiagra xanthogenys, JRosenb. J. f. 0. 1804, p. 119: Gray, Band4. 

B. i. p. 829, no. 4938. ' 
Macheirhynchus xanthogenys, ScJil. N. T. D. iv. p. 43. 
Machaerorhynchus xanthogenys, Salvad. Atti JR. Aecad. Toritio, x 
p. 375. 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above black, with 
slight remains of yellowish or olive on the sides of the rump and 
mantle; wings black, the median and greater coverts broadly tipped 
with white, the quills narrowly edged with white, the secondaries 
with yeUow, the innermost more broadly margined with white; tail-
feathers black, minutely tipped with white, increasing in extent 
towards the outermost, which are also white along the outer edge ; 
forehead, eyebrow, sides of face, sides of neck, and under surface of 
body bright yellow; chin and upper throat white; sides of body 
slightly washed with greenish; thighs white ; under wing-coverts 
white, with a black spot near the outer edge of the greater series ; 
quills blackish below, edged with white on the inner webs. Total 
length 5-2 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*35, tail 1*95, tarsus 0*5. 
Young female. Olive-yellow above, the head darker; wings brown, 
the coverts and quills margined with yellow or yellowish white; 
tail-feathers brown, edged with yellow, the outermost edged and 
tipped with white ; forehead, eyebrow, and sides of face dingy yellow, 
the upper edge of the ear-eoverts darker; cheeks and throat 
white ; rest of under surface yellow, the breast and sides greenish ; 

392 
MUSCICAPIDJ2, 

the chest varied with dusky-greyish cross lines• under wing-coverts 
white, as also the inner edges to the quills. Total length 4*65 inches, 
wing 2-25, tail 1*85, tarsus 06 . (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hah. Aru Islands. 
a. <$ ad. sk. Am Islands. A, E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
5. cS ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. K, 'Vv allace, Esq. [C.]. 

3. Machserorhynchus albifrons. 
Mach&rirhynchus albifrons, Gray, P. Z. S. 18(51, pp. 429, 434, 
pi, 43. fig. 1; Finsch, Nm-Guiyiea, p. 108: Gould, B. Sew Guinea, 
part iv. 

Myiagra albifrons, Gray, Hand-l, I?, i. p. 329, no. 4939. 
Macheirhynchus albifrons, Schl. JV. T. D. iv. p. 43. 
Maehasrorliynchus albifrons, Salvad. Atti R, Accad. Torino, x. p. 377. 


Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy black, 
the hind neck and lower back slightly washed with yellow, brighter 
on the rump; a narrow frontal line, feathers round the eye, an eyebrow, 
and upper edge of eyelid white; feathers in front of the eye 
and lower edge of eyelid black; anterior part of cheeks, chin, and 
upper throat white ; remainder of cheeks, ear-coverts, sides of neck 
and breast bright yellow, whiter in the centre of the abdomen ; 
thighs, axillaries, and under wing-coverts white; wings black, the 
greater and median coverts broadly tipped with pure white; quills 
also narrowly edged with white or yellowish, the inner secondaries 
more broadly; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers black, tipped with 
white, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which is white 
also along the outer edge; bill and legs blackish. Total length 4*8 
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2*35, tail 1-95, tarsus 0*55. 

Young. Olive-yellow above, the head dingier and more ashy ; 
wings brown, the feathers edged with yellow instead of white; tail-
feathers brown, edged with yellow, the outer feathers tipped with 
white, the outermost edged with white on the outer web, hut not to 
the same extent as in the old bird; lores and eyebrow dull whity 
brown; ear-coverts brighter yellow, more dingy on their upper 
edge; cheeks and entire throat dull white ; rest of under surface of 
body yellow, washed with green on the flanks • the breast mottled 
with narrow cross lines of ashy grey. 
Hah. Mysol, Waigiou, North-western New Guinea. 

a. S ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. X.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b,c. Ad.; d. Juv. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l 
<?. Juv. sk. New Guinea. Purchased. 

4. 
Machserorhynchus nigripectns* 
.p. 4
Macheirhynchus nigripectus, Schl N. T. D. iv. p. 43. 

Macheirhamphus nignpectus, Schl t. c. p. 58. 

Machserorliynchus nigripectus, Salvad. Atti B.
B.B. A

Accadz Torino, x. 
'CS, x. p. 136.

p. 378 • id. Ami. Mus, Civic. Genov. vii. p. 7" 
58 . CRYPTOLOPHY. JWJi 
Machasrirhynehua nigripectuH, Rowley, 1\ Z. >S, 1875, p. 414; Gould, 

B. New Gidnca, part iv.: Rowlei/ in Orn. Misc. ii. p. fr"), pi. #i Hi. 
p. 110, pi. 97. 
Adult male. General colour above black, as also the wings ; "the 
median and greater coverts broadly tipped with, white, tho primaries 

•very narrowly edged with an obsolete margin of whitish, the inner 
secondaries broadly edged with white; tail-feathers black, all bid. 
the centre ones minutely tipped with white, increasing in extent 
towards the outermost, which is also white along its outer web ; 
forehead hoary grey, slightly tinged with yellow j feathers in front 
of eye black; eyebrow, sides of face, and entire under surface of 
body bright golden yellow; fore neck and chest black, forming a 
large patch; thighs black; under wing-coverts white, excepting 
those near the edge of the wing, which are black; quills blackish 
below, edged with white along the inner web ; " bill, feet, and iris 
black " (BATberlis). Total length 4*85 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 
2*2, tail 2'2, tarsus 0*65. (Mus. Civic, Genov.) 
Adult female. Differs from the male in being dark grey washed 
with olive-green above, instead of being black; upper tail-coverts 
and tail black, the latter marked with white, as in the male ; wings 
also ab in the male, but not so black; remainder of plumage as in 
tho male, but not so bright yellow, the black breast-patch not so 
large, and the upper margin of the ear-e6verts blackish, the flanks 
slightly washed with green. Total length 4*9 inches, wing 2-35, 
tail 2*2, tarsus 0*7* (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Young. Eesembling the old female, but being much paler yellow 
and having the breast-spot broken up into black mottling, the 
feathers being yellow tipped with black, or black with a subterminal 
bar of yellow. 

Hab. North-western Few Guinea, 

a, 2 juv. sic More, Arfak Mountains,
Dec. 18,1875. 
M. Laglaize [C], 
b, e. <$ $ ad. sk. Arfak Mountains. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 

58. CRYPT0L0PHA. 
Type. 
Cryptolopha, Swains, An. in Menag. ii. p. 259 (1837) C. burkii, 
Culicipeta, Myth, X A. S. B. xii. p. 968 (1848) ... . C. burkii. 
Abrornis, Jlodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844, 

pt.) ' * Typo millo. 
Pycnosphrys. Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 124 C grammiceps. 
TickeUia, Jerd. # Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 199 C. hodgsoni. 
Pindalus, Kartl. Ibu, 1862, p. 152 0. ruhcapilla. 

Range. Southern and North-eastern Africa, ranging through 
India and the Burmese countries to Southern China, and thence 
through the Malayan peninsula to Java and Borneo. 

vol* IY. 2» 

HTJSCICAPIDJS. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Bump uniform with the lower back, not white 
or 3 ellow, in strong contrast with the latter. 
a\ Throat yellow, like the rest of the under 
surface. 
a'1. Head with a double band of black along 
each side of the crown. 
«"'. Head yellowish or green in the centre 
of the crown, with a broad lateral 
stripe on each side extending to the 
nape. 

a4. Belly bright yellow. 

a5. Two outer" tail-feathers white for 
the greater part of the inner web; 
greater wing-coverts tipped with 
yellow, forming a bar across the 
wing j flanks yellow, like the 
breast

¥. Tail uniform, or with no more than 
a tiny white spot at the tip of the 
inner web of the penultimate 
feather\ no yellow wing-bar; 
flanks greener than the yellow 
breast

b4. Belly greyish-white

b'". Head grey in the centre of the crown, 
with a broad black band along each 
side of the latter, extending to the 
sides of the nape

b". Head uniform, with no pronounced dark 
lateral bars on the crown; outer tail-
feathers white on inner web; under 
surface entirely yellow,* a broad white 
eyebrow ,

b'. Throat yellow, contrasting with the breast 
and abdomen, which are white) a bright 
yellow eyebrow. 

c". Head grey; ear-coverts grey; inner web 
of outer tail-feathers white

d". Head rufous-brown; ear-coverts yellow j 
outer tail-feathers uniform, not white on 
the inner web

&. Throat rufous-brown, like the rest of the 
under surface; upper surface a little duller 
brown

d'. Throat white or greyish white, contrasting 
with the breast, which is bright yellow. 
e". No white on the inner web of the tail-
feathers ; no yellow bar across the wing. 

cu\ Head^ and ear-coverts light brown, 
shading off gradually into the olive-
brown of the back ; back dull olive-
brown

d"'. Head and ear-coverts darker ashcolour, 
contrasting with the back, 
which is yellowish olive

 bvrkii, p. 395. 

triwrgata, p. 396. 
cantatrix^ p. 307. 

affinis, p. 308. 

xanthoschista, p. 398. 

schisticejis, p. 400. 
riificapiUa^ p. 400. 
umbrivirens} p. 401. 

superciliary, p. 402. 

achwaneri, p. 403. 

0# . CRYPTOLOPIIA. 

im 

/" . Outer tail-feathers white along the inner 
webs; head and hind neck ashy grey, as 
also the sides of the face; a yellow bar 
across the wing, formed by the tips of 
the greater wing-coverts /. poliogemjs, p, 403. 

b. .Rump white or yellow, contrasting strongly 
with the rest of the upper surface: crown 
chestnut. 
e'. With a double yellow wing-bar, formed of 
the tips to the median and greater coverts. 


g". Sides of^ body yellow; rump yellow; 
outer tail-feathers white on their inner 
webs casfaneiceps, p. 404 

ti\ 
Sides of body white, like the rest of the 
under surface j rump white ; no white on 
outer tail-feathers grammiceps, p. 404. 

f. With no yellow wing-bar. 
i". Throat white, the lower part with a black 
spot: chest yellow, rest of under surface , ™. , . An„ 
white j no white on tail alhgidans, p. 40o. 

7c". 
Throat and chest grey; rest of under sur-\f«™f™"*, P- 406. 
face yellow; outer tail-feathers with 
white inner webs Iiodgsoni, p. 406. 

1. Cryptolopha burkii. 
Sylvia burMi, Burton, P. Z. S.1835, p. 153; Gray, Mand-l. B. I 
p. 218, no. 3098. 
Cryptolopha auricapilla, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 343; id. Ciassif. B. 
ii. p. 260. 
Acanthiza? arrogans, Sundev. Phys. Sellsk. Lund, i. p. 62; id. in Ann. 
KM. xviiip. 252. 
Muscicapa bilineata, Less. JRev. Zool. 1839, p. 104. 
Culicipeta burkii, Blyth, X A. 8. B. xii. p. 968; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. 

B. p. 341 j Gray, Cat. Mamm. fyc. Nepal Coll Modgs. p. 67 ; Bp. 
Consp. I p. 342; Mors/,tyMoore, Cat. B. Mtis. B.I. Co. i. p. 341 j 
Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 199 ; Blyth $ Wold. B. Bum,, p. 107. 
Neornis strigiceps, Modgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pL 57. fig. 1 (Modgs. 

no. 382*); id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82. 
Rhipidura auricapilla, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259, et iii. App. p, 12. 
Rhipidura arrogans, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259. 

Adult. Above olive-green, with-a yellowish tinge, becoming 
brighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts exactly 
like the back, the greater series tipped with yellow, forming an 
indistinct bar across the wing; the quills ashy brown, with margins 
of yellowish green, less distinct on the secondaries; tail-feathers 
ashy brown, margined with yellowish green, the two outer pairs on 
each side for the most part white, ashy brown at the base of the 
inner web and along the outer web for its entire extent; centre of 

* Thisfigure represents a Cryptolopha with a grey crown, which would appear 
to be C. affinis, were it not for the yellow eyebrow, which can only be intended 
for Q. bwrkil It looks as if the slight grey shade, sometimes present on the. 
latter's head, had been exaggerated. 
2D2 

yyfj MtTSCICAPID^:. 

crown yellowish green, on each side of which is a rery broad band 
of Mack, slightlv shaded with grey on the inner margin ; round tHe 
eye a circlet of "bright yellow feathers; lores, eyebrow, and sides of 
face olive-yellow; cheeks and entire under surface of body hright 
yellow, including the under wing-coverts and the edge of the vring : 
inner lining of quills ashy brown, the inner web white along th e 
edge from the base for nearly the entire length; bill dusky above. 
beneath amber; legs brownish yellow; iris dark. Total lengthinches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-2, tail 1 -85, tarsus 0*7. 

Females or young birds have the colours duller, the upper surface 
being dusky greenish, as also the crown, the lateral black streak** 
being dusky blackish and very indistinct; under surface greenisli 

yellow. 
Ilab. India. 
a, b. Ad. sk, India. Purchased, 
c, d. Ad. sk. Between Simla and CapiStackhousePinwiUHP."*-
MussoorL 
e~h. Ad.; i. Juv. 
k, I Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sir.
n. Ad. sk.
sk. Nepal. 
Behar. 
Darjiling. 
Bootan. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. r P. \ 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. L P/ \ 
J. Fotheringham, Esq" C\ \ 
Secretary of State for indht 

2. Cryptolopha trivirgata. 
Sylvia trivirgata, " Temm." Verreaiix MS., widh 
Phylloscopus trivirgatus, Strichh Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 123, pi. ;J4. 

fig. % 
Sylvia trivirgata, Gray, Hand-l. B. L p. 217, no. 8087. 
Culicipeta trivirgata, Seebolim, Ibis, 1876, p. 490. 

Adult General colour above yellowish green, rather brighter on 
the crown of the head, which has a broad black band running from 
the base of the forehead on each side to the sides of the nape; a 
distinct line of bright yellow from the base of the biH running above 
the eye, and forming a conspicuous eyebrow; in front of and behind 
the eye a blackish spot; sides of face yellow, with a dingy shade 
along the upper edge of the ear-coverts; entire under surface of 
body bright yellow, the sides of the body and flanks greenish yellow ; 
under wing-coverts yellow; axillaries white, washed with yellow ; 
wing-coverts above like the back, the greater series a little brighter 
yellow; quills dusky brown, with bright yellow edges; centre tail-
feathers dull olive, the rest of the rectrices dusky brown, externally 
olive yellowish, the outer ones narrowly edged with white along th e 
inner web; quills dusky brown below, white along the edge of the 
inner webs, shading off into yellow towards the tips. Total length 
4-3 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2*15, tail 1*6, tarsus 0-8. 

Hob, Java. 

b. Ad. sk. W. Java. A. R, Wallace, Esq! [Cj. 
58. CBXFTQLOPJfcUu 
397 

3. Cryptolopha cantatrix. 
Motacilla cautator, Tiakell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 570. 
Culicipeta cantator, Mi/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. *A40; Jerd. B. Inch ii. 

p. 200 • SeeboJwi, Ibis, 1878, p. 400. 
Bhipidura cantator, Gray, Gen. B. App, iii. p, 12. 
Abrornis cautator, JBlyth, Cat B. Mm. A, 8. B, p. 183; ITorsf. # 
Moore, Cat B. Mm. B.I. Co. I p. &*8. 
Sylvia cantator, Gray, llamM. B„ i. p. 217, no. 3086. 
Abrornis (Culicipeta) cantator, Ball, Str. F. 1874; p. 415. 
Abrornis chrysea, Walden in Blyth's B. Bicrm. p. 106 * ; Hume, Str. 

F. 1877, p. 56. 
Adult. General colour above olive-greenish, a little more yellow 
on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts a little more 
yellow than the back, the greater coverts edged and tipped with 
yellow, forming a bar acrobs the wing; quills dusky brown, externally 
edged with bright yellow, inclining to greyish at the end of the 
primaries; tail-feathers light brown, externally edged with olive-
yellow, the outer feathers edged with white towards the tip of the 
inner web ; crown of head olive-yellow, with a broad lateral streak 
of black extending from the base of the bill to the sides of the nape; 
over the eye a distinct line of yellow, brighter than the crown and 
skirting the black coronet-stripe ; feathers round the eye bright 
yellow; in front of the eye a dusky spot; sides of face blight 
yellow, shaded with dusky olive along the upper margin of the ear-
coverts ; cheeks, throat, and breast yellow, paler on the latter; rest 
of the under surface greyish white, clearer on the centre of the 
abdomen ; thighs and under tail-coverts yellow ; under wing-coverts 
yellow, as also the edge of the wings; axillaries white, washed with 
yellow; bill brown, the lower mandible yellowish white in skin ; 
legs brown. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-25, tail 1*7, 
tarsus 0-G5. 

Hah. Nepal, Central India, Bengal, Assam. 

a. Ad. sk. Assam. Secretary of State for India [P.]. 
* 
ORYPTOLOPHA FULVIVENTEK. 
Reguloides fulu venter, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1874, p. 167 (nee
Hodgs.). 

Above : centre of head light yellow-green, bounded on either side by broad 
dusky bands; nape pale greenish a&h. Pure ash on back; upper tail-coverts 
grass-green, as well as the two centre tail-feathers and outer edge of all the 
others ; the two outermost, as viewed from below, have a narrow pale-yellow 
edging on the outer web. Shoulder of wing ash-grey; coverts ash-brown, with 
a narrow white bar. Quills dusky brown, the secondaries well marked with 
grass-green. A pale yellow superciliurn. Ear-coverts pjle; chin very pale 
y-ellow; throat, breast, and abdomen pale pearly white; under tail-coverts bright 
yellow; bill above dark dark brown, below orange; legs and feet grey. Length 
about 3"-75, wing 2", tail 1"4, tarsus 0"*70, bill from front 0"4. (Godwin-
Austen.) 

Jlab. Low country of the Dunsiri, Assam. 

Lord Tweeddale, in the ' Birds of Burma,' suggests that this species, which is 
founded on a single carbolized specimen, may be the same as his Abrornis 
chrysea, but that the colours* have undergone some change from the carbolization 
of the skin. This seems to be extremely probable. 

MFbGlCAIMDJK. 

4. Cryptolopha affinis. 
Abromis affinis, "Hodgs." (nee Phyllopneuste affinis, Hodgs.), Horsf. 
8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 341; Jerd. B. Lid. ii. p. 204; 
Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coll. Nepal, 1863, p. 33. 

Sylvia* affinis, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 217, no. 3084. 

Oulicipeta tepkrocepliala, Anders. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 213; Blyth # 
Wold. B. Burm. p. 107; Hume, Str. F 1874, p. 479; Hume fy 
Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 358 j Seehohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490. 

Oulicipeta burkii, David, N. Arch. Mus. vii. Bull p. o (nee Burton). 
Cryptoloplia tephrocephala, Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 358; David fy 
'Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 272. 
? Abrornis affinis, Brjev. in Bowleg's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 172; David 8$ 
Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 273. 

Adult (type of 0. tephrocephala). Upper surface dull yellowish 
green, the rump and upper tail-coverts brighter yellow• head and 
nape ashy grey, with a blackish streak along each side of the crown; 
frontal plumes, as well as those above the eye, yellowish, a circlet 
of feathers round the latter bright yellow; ear-coverts and sides of 
neck dull yellowish green, like the back; entire under surface of 
body bright yellow, including the under wing- and tail-coverts and 
thighs, the sides of the body inclining to greenish; wings and tail 
sepia-brown, externally wasbed with the same yellowish green as 
the back, the wing-coverts being uniform with the latter; the outermost 
tail-feathers white for the whole extent of the inner web; 
" upper mandible black, the lower one yellow; feet and claws yellowish 
grey; iris brownish red " (David); ic irides dark brown ; eyelids 
plumbeous; upper mandible dark horny brown, the edges pale 
reddish yellow; inside of mouth reddish fleshy; legs fuscous yellow; 
claws pinkish horny" (Oates). Total length 3*6 inches, culnien 0*5, 
wing 2-1, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Cah.) 

Hob. Eastern Himalayas, extending into the Burmese countries 
and Western China. 

a. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.l 
b. Ad. sk. Lower Pegu, Nov. 20, 1877. E, B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.l 
(E. Oates). 
5. Cryptolopha xanthoschista. 
Ph\ llopneuste xantkosckistos, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 56 
(Ilodgs. no. 380); id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82; Gray, Cat 
Mamm. $c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. App. p. 151 (descr. orig.). 

Phylloscopua sehisticeps (nee Gray), Blyth, J. A. S.B. xiv. p. 592. 
Oulicipeta schisticeps, Blyth, J. A. S.B. xvi. p. 441 (nee Gray). 
Abrornis xantkohcMstus, Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I Co. L 

p. 339; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p.*202; Gray, Cat. Mamm. §c. Hodgs. 
1863, p. 32; Blyth $ Wold. B. Burm. p. 106; Hume, Lahore to 
Yarh. pL 20. fig. 2; id. Str. F. 1873, p. 494. 
Abrornis, sp., Adams, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 182. 

Abrornis albosuperciliaris, u Blyth,11 Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 202 • Hume & 
Ilenders. Lahore to Yarh. pi. 20. fig. 1; Hume, Sfr. PI 1873, p. 493Brooks, 
Str. F. 1875, p. 245. ; F 

58. cim»TOLoi>aA. 
Sylvia xanthosohistus, Gray, Iltmd-l. £, i. p. 217, no. ift)75. 
Sylvia albosuperciliaris, Gray, t c. p. 217, no. 8089. 
Abrornis jerdoni, Brooks, (Sir. F. 1871, p. 248; id. Mr, F. 1875, 


p, 245 j Hume, t. c. p. 245, note. 

Adult. Crown of head and hind neck ashy grey, rather darker 
ashy on the sides of the crown; mantle and upper back also ashy 
grey, with a slight wash of yellow, the lower back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts olive-yellow, with a white suhterminal shade on the 
rump-feathers; wing-coverts olive-yellowish, like the lower back; 
greater coverts and quills dusky brown, externally olive-yellowish, 
the primaries margined with brighter yellow; tail-feathers ashy 
brown, edged narrowly with olive-yellow on the outer web and with 
white on the inner web, increasing in extent towards the two outermost, 
which are almost entirely white, excepting near the base and 
towards the end of the outer web; over the eye a long white streak 
from the base of the nostrils to the sides of the nape; round the 
eye a ring of white feathers, dusky in front and behind, where it 
adjoins the dusky spot in front of the eye and the upper margin of 
the ear-coverts; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts ashy 
whitish, browner along the upper edge of the latter; cheeks and 
entire under surface of body bright yellow, the flank-feathers long 
and silky, with a subterminal shade of white ; under wing-coverts 
yellow, as well as the edge of the wing; axillaries white, slightly 
washed with yellow; quills ashy brown below, white along the edge 
of the inner web; bill horn-brown in skin, lower mandible yellowish. 
Total length 3*8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-1, tail 1*7, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Ohs. The specimens of this bird from the North-western Himalayas 
are generally rather more ashy brown on the head, and are 
rather larger; in this state they are Gryptobpha albosuperciliaris 
of Indian authors. These .birds can, however, be matched by some 
Nepalese examples. In the Eastern Himalayas the specimens have 
the head rather clearer blue-grey, and are smaller in dimensions 
(Oryptolopha scanthoschista, Hodgs., and C.jerdoniy Brooks). 

Bab. Himalaya Mountains. 

a, b. Ad. sk. India. 
Secretary of State for India. 

e, 9 ad. sk. Bijnor, near Hurdwar, Nov. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 
11, 1872 {Capt G. F. L. 
Marshall), 

d. $ ad. sk. Nynee Tal/ June 30 (G. F. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
L. M.). 
e-i. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill 
rp.ift-
o. Ad. sk. Nepal. B.ll. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 

v. 
Ad. sk. Bootan. Secretary of State for India 
[P.]. ' 
q. Ad. sk. Nazeerah, Upper Assam (Br. "R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.J. 
Heid). 
400 MTTSCICAPIDJG. 

6. Cryptolopha schisticeps. 
Abrornis schisticeps, Hodgs. Icon, hied., Passeres, pi. 57. fig. 6, pL 58. 
fig. 2, pi. 64.fig.1 (Hodgs. no. 468) • w?. m Gra?/a Zool Misc. p. 82 ; 
Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mm. EX Co. i. p. 339; Jferdf. ^ . Jwd. ii. 

p. 201; Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coll 1863, p. 32; Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, 
p. 490. 
Regulus schisticeps, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 175. 
Culipeta scliisticeps, Gray% Cat, Mamm. fyc. JSepal Coll. Hodgs. 
p. 153 (descr. orig.). 
Abrornis melanops, Jerd. 8/ JBIyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 200. 
Sylvia scliisticepb, Gray, Han'd-l. B. i. p. 217, no. 3076. 
Adult General colour above dull olive-yellow, rather lighter on 
the rump and upper tail-coverts, the rump-feathers sub terminally 
white; wing-coverts like the back; quills dusky blackish, the primaries 
narrowly edged with brighter yellow, the secondaries more 
broadly washed with the latter colour; tail-feathers dusky brown, 
with olive-yellow edges, whitish on the edge of the inner web, 
increasing in extent towards the outermost feathers, which have 
the inner web entirely white; head and hind neck dark slaty 
grey, slightly washed with olive-yellow on the latter; forehead 
and a very broad eyebrow brilliant yellow; a narrow frontal line, 
lores, feathers in front of and below the eye black; ear-coverts 
and sides of neck slaty grey; cheeks and throat brilliant yellow; 
fore neck and chest rather paler yellow, the sides of the breast 
dull greenish: lower breast and abdomen white, the flank-feathers 
long and silky, white tipped with yellow; thighs and under tail-
coverts yellow; under wing-coverts and edge of wing bright yellow; 
axillaries white, washed with yellow; quills ashy brown below, 
whitish along the edge of the inner web; 4* bill and feet horny " 
(Jerdon). Total length 3-5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 1*75, tail 
1-55, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Similar to the adult, but with the head dusky greenish, 
a little darker than the back, and the yellow eyebrow and throat 
not so bright. 
Hah. Himalaya Mountains. 

a. Ad. si Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. fP.l 
&-/. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
g,'h. JUY. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.j. 

7. Cryptolopha ruficapilla.* (Plate XII. fig. L) 
Pogonocichla ruficapilla, Sundev. K. Vet-Akad. Fdrh. Stockh 1850, 

p. 105. 
Oulicipeta ruficapilla, Grill, Zool Anteckn. p. 27. 
Pindalus ruficapillus, Marti. Ibis, 1862, p. 152, pL 5 - Gurnet/, t c. 
p. 152; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 35; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 202; 
Gitrney, t. c. p. 429 • Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490. 
* Lettered ou the Plate, by mistake, Culicipcta ntjicapiUa. 
401 

58 . OKYPTOLOJPHA. 
Muscicapa ruficapillus. Zayard, B. S. Afr. p. 140. 

Sylvia ruficapilla, Gray, Hand-l B. I p. 218, no. 3090. 

Adult male. General colour above dull yellowish olive, the wing-
coverts like the back; quills dusky brown, externally edged with 
yellowish olive, the margins to the primaries brighter yellow, the 
outermost quills margined with greyish white; lower back and 
rump grey, somewhat washed with olive; upper tail-coverts yellowish 
olive; tail-feathers light ashy brown, with yellowish edges 
to the feathers; head rufous, extending upon the nape, and gradually 
fading off on the hind neck and mantle into the yellowish 
olive of the back; over the eye a broad streak of bright yellow; in 
front of the eye a blackish spot; eye-ring and sides of face bright 
yellow, with a slight greenish shade on the ear-coverts and a small 
rufous shade on the upper edge of the latter; cheeks, throat, and 
breast bright yellow, the sides of the latter greenish ; centre of the 
body paler yellow, inclining to whitish on the lower abdomen; 
thighs and under tail-coverts yellow; sides of body and flanks 
greyish; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and edge of wing yellow; 
quills ashy brown below, white along the edge of the inner web; 
" upper mandible dusky, lower one chrome-yellow; tarsi and feet 
dusky pale; iris dusky " (T. L. Ay res). Total length 4 inches, culmen 
0*45, wing 2-1, tail 3/6, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but having the mantle browner, 
and the lower back and rump clearer grey. Total length 4 inches, 
culmen 0-45, wing 2, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*75. 

Eab. South Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [0.1 
b. $ ad. sk. Knysna. C. J. Anclersson, Esq. [C], 
<?. d ad. sk. Knysna, Dec. 31, 1865 (C. J. K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Andersson), 

d. S ad. sk. Port Natal, July 16, 1841 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(Prof. Wahlberg). 
ej. Ad. sk. Lydehburg. * P. A. Barratt, Esq. [0.1 

g. J ad. sk Macamac, June 30, 1874 (T. J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.J. 
L. Ayres). 
8. Cryptolopha umbrivirens.* (Plate XII. fig. 2.) 
Syhia (Ficedula) unibrovirens, Riipp, Neue Wirb. Vog.x>-ll"2.\ 

Ficedula unibrovirens, Biipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 57; JBrehm, Meis. 

Habeseh. p. 212. 

Salvia unibrovirens, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 174; id. Hand-l. B. i. 

'p. 215, no. 8040. 

Pliyllopneuste unibrovirens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 290; Fimch, Tr. Z. S. 

vii. p. 232. 
* Lettered on the Plate, by mistake, Cidicipeta umbtivirent*. 
t The bird identified by CVsin as this species from the Gamma Biver, 
Gaboon (Pr. Philad. Acad. 1839, p. 40; Hartlaub, J. f. O. 1861, p. 110), is 
doubtless one of the European Phylloscopi shot during its winter journey. 

MUSCICAPIDJE. 

402 

Pkylloscopus umbrovirens, Blanf. Geol SfZool Abyss, p. 8/8. 
Phyllopseuste unibrovirens, Heugl Om.^.O.-Afr. i. p. 301. 
Pindalus umbrovirens, Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 4UO. 

Adult. General colour above dark umber-brown, the sides of tli e 
lower back and rump more fawn-brown ; scapulars like the back ; 
wine-covert® and quills dark ashy brown, margined with olire yellow, 
brighter on the quills ; tail-feathers dark ashy brown, edged 
externally with olive-yellow, and on the inner web with a narrow 
margin of dull whitish towards the tip; lores dull reddish; ring" 
round the oye, ear-coverts and sides of face, throat and underparts 
reddish brown, the centre of the abdomen white; in front of the ey e 
a blackish spot; under wing-coverts and edge of wing deep olive-
yellow; axillaries pale reddish brown; quills dark brown below, 
whitish along the edge of the inner webs; " bill orange, the culmeii 
and tip of upper mandible dark horn-brown; feet leaden black ; 
iris pale umber " (Heugliri). Total length 3*8 inches, culmen 0*45* 
wing 2-2, tail 1'8, tarsus 0*8. 

Hab. ISTorth-eastern Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. Senaf£, Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C-]. 
9. Cryptolopha superciliaris. 
Abrornis superciliaris, Tickell, J.A.S.B. xviii. p. 414,* Jerd. B. Ind. 
ii. p. 203; Blyth 8? Wald. B. Burm. p. 100; Hume, Sir. F. 1874, 
p. 479 ; id, fy Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 359. 
Abrornis albigularis, Jerd. 8? Blyth, P. Z. S.1861, p. 200 {nee Moore ). 
Abrornis flaviventris, Jerd. B. hid. ii. p. 203. 
Abrornis griseofrons, Gray, Cat. Mamm. §c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. 1868# 
p. 33. 
Sylvia superciliaris. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 217, no. 3090. 
Sylvia griseofrons, Gray, & c. p. 217, no. 3078. 
Adult. General colour above dull olive-brown, a little clearer o n 
the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts and quills dark 
brown, with olive margins, the edges to the secondaries a little 
brighter olive; tail-feathers light brown, margined with olive, th e 
outer feathers fawn-coloured for the greater part of the inner web ; 
head light ashy brown, slightly washed with olive, shading off int o 
tho olive of the back ; from the base of the nostrils a narrow white 
line running above the eye; in front of the latter a dusky spot ; 
sides of the head light ashy brown, the ear-coverts slightly tipped 
with olive; the ring round the eye dull white, as also the cheeks 
and feathers below the eye; throat and fore neck white; remainder 
of under surface from the chest downwards yellow, somewhat whiter 
in the middle of the abdomen; under wing-coverts whitish, washed 
with yellow ; quills dark brown below, whitish along the edge of 
the inner web; " bill more or less of a dark olive-brown above, 

paler and more or less plumbeous on the lower mandible ; inside of 
month yellow or pale orange, fleshy: irides dark brown; eyelids 
grey or plumbeous; legs dusky or fleshy yellow*' (Oaks); "bill 
black, bluish at base of lower mandible; legs and feet greenish 

5K cwi'ToiiOPHA. 

403 

brown or yellow; iris dark brown*1 (Davison), Total length 4-4 
inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*05, tail 1*75, tarsus 0*75. 
ffab. Himalaya Mountains • Java (Mm, Lnyd.). 

a, b, c. Ad. sk, Nepal. B. TL Hodgson, Em. [P.]. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fothoringham, Ksq. [0.]. 
10. Cryptoloplia schwaneri 

Sylvia schwaneri, Temm. in Mm. Zw/d., undt> 
Ahrornis schwaneri, Blyth} Ibis^ 1870, p. 100: Salmd. Uec Born. 


p. 245. 
Sylvia schwaneri, Gray, Hand-l. B, iii. p. 310, no. 3093 a. 
Adult female (type of species). General colour above yellowish 
olive, a little brighter and more yellowish green on the rump and 
upper tail-coverts; wing-eoverts and quills dark brown, margined 
with ochraceous ; tail-feathers dark brown, with olive margins, the 
outer ones fawn-colour along the inner webs; head dusky ashcolour, 
contrasting with the back, the nape slightly washed with 
olive ; sides of face dusky ash-colour; over the eye a narrow streak 
of white ; round the eye a whitish ring of feathers, in front of the 
eye a dusky black spot; cheeks and feathers below the eye whitish, 
as well as the lower ear-coverts; throat and fore neck white ; 
remainder of under surface bright yellow, the centre of the abdomen 
a little whiter; under wing-coverts yellow, with white bases; quills 
dark brown below, edged with light fulvous along the inner web. 
Total length 3*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1-85, tail 1*5, tarsus 
0*65. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Hal. Banjermassing, Borneo. 

11. Cryptolopha poliogenys. 
Culicipeta poliogenys, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 441. 
Ehipidura poliogenys, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 12. 
Abrornis poliogenys, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 183; Mooref 


P. Z. & 1854, p. 106; Eorsf. % Moore, Cat. B. Mus. J3.L Co. I 
p. 340; Gray, Cat. Hodqs. Coll. 1803, p. 32; Jerd. B. Ind. ii, 
p. 203; Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 400. 
Sylvia poliogenys, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 217, no. 3082. 
Adult. General colour above yellowish green, brighter yellow 
on the rump; tail dark brown, edged with yellowish green, the 
three outer tail-feathers white, with dark brown bases to the inner 
webs, the outer webs brown towards the end of the feathers ; wing-
coverts and quills dark brown, narrowly edged with yellowish green, 
the greater coverts with bright yellow tips forming a bar across the 
wing; head slaty grey, the sides of the crown blackish, forming a 
broad stripe reaching down the sides of the nape; sides of face also 
ashy grey, the ear-coverts slightly streaked with black; round the 
eye a broad white ring of feathers ; lores and fore part of cheeks 
ashy whitish, with dusky bases * chin white ; throat and remainder 
of under surface bright golden yellow, the sides of the breast somewhat 
washed with olive-green; under wing-coyerts and edge of 
wing bright yellow; axillaries white, washed with yellow; quills 

MTJSCICAPID^. 

404 

dusky brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web , 

"bill blackish horny above, yellowish beneath; feet yellowish 

horny" {Jerdon). Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 1-9, 

tail 1*75, tarsus 0*7. 

Ilab. Himalaya Mountains. 

a-f. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J


12. Cryptolopha castaneieeps. 
Abrornis 
castaneocepa, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 57. iig. 7f 
pi. 58. fig. 5, pi. 64. fig. 2, App. pi. 44 (J2bdSgr*. no. 469} ; id. m 
Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82• Gray, Cat. Mamm. fye. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. 

p. 66, et App. p. 152 (descr. princeps) $ Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. 
p. 593; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 205 ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490. 
Kegulus castaneoceps, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 175, pi. 49. iig. 1; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 292. 
Culicipeta eastaniceps, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 442. 
Kegnloides castaneiceps, Bp. Consp. i. p. 202; Horsf. fy Moore, CaL 

B. Mus. B.I. Co. i. p. 344; Gray, Cat. Mamm. $c. Nepal Coil 
Hodgs. 1863, p. 32 ; Jerd. 8? Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 200. 
Abrornis castaneoventris (lapsu), Jerd.fy Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 190. 
Sylvia castaneiceps, Gray, Hand-IB. i. p. 217, no. 3083. 

Adult. General colour above olive-yellow, the least wing-covert» 
rather brighter than the back; median and greater coverts dark 
brown, edged and tipped with bright yellow, forming a double bar 
across the wing; qnills dark brown, externally edged with olive-
yellow; rump bright yellow; tail-feathers light brown, edged with 
olive-yellow, the two outermost white, brown only along the tip of 
the outer web; crown of head chestnut, with a black stripe running 
down the sides of the nape from above the hinder part of each eye; 
lores white, tipped with black; round the eye a ring of white 
feathers; sides of face grey, as also the sides of the neck and hinder 
nock; a white stripe below the black streak on the sides of the nape ; 
cheeks, throat, and chest light greyish, the centre of the body white, 
the sides of the breast, flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts bright 
yellow; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and edge of wing bright 

yellow; quills dusky brown below, whitish along the inner web ; bill 
dark horn-brown, the lower mandible paler; legs pale. Total length 
3-5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1*85, tail 1*5, tarsus 0*65. 

Bab. Himalaya Mountains. 

<*• Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. fR l 
b-h. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. £p.j. 

IB. Cryptolopha grammiceps. 

Sylvia grammiceps, Verreaux, MS., nndh 

Pycnosphrys grammiceps, StrickL Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 124. pL 34 

iig. 1; Bp. Ccmsp. i. p. 324. 

Muscicapa grammiceps, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 323, no. 4850* 

Sylvia leucorrhoa, Blyth, i&w;1870,p. 169 («p Muller, MS., in Mm, 

Lwjd.). 

405 

58 . OHYPTOTiOPKi. 
Adult male (Mount Gede, Java). General colour above light ashy 
brown; least wing-coverts olive-yellowish; median and greater series 
dark brown, edged with olive-yellow and tipped with bright yellow, 
forming a double bar across the wing ; primary-coverts and quills 
dark brown, externally narrowly margined with olive-yellow* rump 
wdrite; upper tail-coveils ash} brown, tipped with white; tail-
feathers light brown, margined with olive-yellow* head and nape 
chestnut-rufous, with a streak of blackish brown from above the 
hinder part of the eye running down the sides of the nape; round 
the eye a ring of white; sides of face chestnut, the "upper edge of 
the oar-coverts shaded with blackish hrowrn ; lores and cheeks lighter 
rufous, extending upon the sides of the neck, the loral plumes tipped 
with black ; under surface of body white, the chin and sides of the 
throat washed with rufous, extending upon the sides of the upper 
breast, which are ashy brown; thighs brown, washed with olive-
yellow ; under wing-coverts and edge of the wing yellow; axillaries 
white, washed with yellow; quills light brown below, whitish along 
the edge of the inner web. Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0*4, 
wing 1*95, tail 1*6, tarsus 0*7. 

Hub. Java. 

a. (S ad. sk. Mount G£de, Javt (Dr. Ji^rnhtebi). Leyden Museum [P.], 
14. Cryptolopha albignlaris. 
Abrornis albogularis, 
Hodgs. Icon. ined., Passeres, App. pi. 40 (no. 
936). 
Abrornis albogularis, Moore, P. Z &. 1854; p. 100 (dew. princ.); 
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JBJ. Co. I p. 340-Jerd. B. Ind, 

ii. p. 204* Grayj Cat Hodgs. Coll. p. 32* Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, 
p. 490. 
Abrornis albiventris, Jerd. fy Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 200. 
Sylvia albogularis, Gray, Hand-L B. i, p. 217, no. 3077. 
Adult. General colour above yellowish green ; the rump whitish, 
washed with yellow; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, edged 
with the same colour as the back, the margins of the latter rather 
brighter yellow; upper tail-coverts olive-yellow; tail-feathers light 
brown, edged with olive-yellow along the outer webs; forehead, 
eyebrow, and sides of face rufous fawn-colour, the hinder part of 
the crown and nape pale fawn-colour, the lateral feathers being 
tipped with black, so as to form a double band down the crown; 
throat whitish* breast and sides of body pale olive-yellow, the 
centre of the body and abdomen white; thighs and under tail-coverts 
olive-yellow; under wing-coverts and edge of the wing olive-yellow; 
axillaries white, washed with yellow; quills dull brown below7 
ochraceous along the edge of the inner web; " rictal bristles strong, 
black, nearly half as long as the bill*, and the hind toe and claw 


* The Museum specimens ape damaged, but the metal bristles appear to m& 
to be fully as long as the bill itself. 
MTTSCICAPIDJS. 

406 

long and strong "'(Jerdon). Total length 3-3 inches, oilmen. 0*85, 
wing 1-75, tail 1*5, tarsus 0-6. 

In the specimen collected by Mr. Fotheringham the crown is ashy 
brown, with a streak of black from above the eye down the sides 
of the neck, as in the allied Javan species. The mixing of the 
black and fawn-colour is probably due to bad preparation of the 
skins. 

Hah. Eastern Himalayas. 

a. Ad. sk. Nepal. E. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P-;-^ 
b. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.j. 
15. Cryptolopha falvifacies. 
Abrornis fulvifacies, 
8winh. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 132, et 1871, p. 3-57; 
David fy Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 273, pi. 23. 

Adult male (Chungchow, Szechuen, May 4, 1869, B. SwinJioe; 
type of species). General colour above dull olive-yellow, the wing-
coverts like the back; quills dusky brown, edged with somewhat 
brighter olive-yellow; rump white; upper tail-coverts olive-yellow ; 
tail-feathers light brown, edged with olive-yellow; crown of head 
light brownish olive, with a black line running from above the fore 
part of the eye down to the sides of the nape and skirting the crown; 
forehead, feathers round the eye, eyebrow, sides of face, and ear-
coverts fine pale rufous ; cheeks and under surface of body white, 
the breast washed with olive-yellow, the lower throat-feathers with 

black bases, forming a blackish throat-patch; thighs olive-yellow; 
under tail-coverts bright yellow; under wing-coverts pale yellow; 
axillaries white, washed with yellow; quills dark brown* below, 
yellowish white along the edge of the inner web ; " bill brownish^ 
the tip and the lower mandible lighter; feet greenish grey, the nails 
grey; iris chestnut-brown" (David). Total length 3*4 inches, cnlmen 
0*3, wing 1-95, tail 1*5, tarsus 0*65, (Mus. H. SeeboTim.) ? 

This species only diifers from A. albiguhris in the colour of the 
crown, and may turn out to be nothing but that bird. 
Hah. Western China. 


16. Cryptolopha hodgsoni 
Abrornis, sp., Hodgs. Icon. ined. App. p. 48 (Hodgs. no. 899). 
Abrornis ? Jiodgsoni, Moore, App. to Horsf, § Moore, Cat. JB. Wms. 
JE.L Co. i. p. 412; Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coil. 1863, p. 33. 
Tickellia hodgsoni, Jerd. # Blyth, P„ Z. & 1861, p. 199: Jerd. B. 
Ind, i. p. 206; 8eebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490. 

Adult. General colour above dark olive-green, duller on the nape 
and hind neck ; rump bright yellow; upper tail-coverts dull green ; 
tail-feathers brown, with olive margins, the two outer ones white 
along the inner web, brown on the outer; wing-coverts and quills 
dull brown, edged with the same colour as the back; lores white, 
with blackish tips; sides of head, eyebrow, and sides of neck dull 

59. srsuitA. 
107 
grey ; throat lighter ashy grey, whiter on the chin ; remainder of 
under surface bright yellow, the thigha dusky brown ; under wing-
coverts and axillarios light yellow; quills dusky brown below, 
whitish along the edge 01 the inner web ; H bill horny, yellowish at 
base beneath ; logs yollowish " (Jerdon). Total length 8*5 inches, 
culmen 0-5, wing 1-9, tail 1*7, tarsus 0-8. 

Jlah. Eastern Himalayas. 

a. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
b-ff. Ad. sk. Nepal.* R H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 
59. SISURA. 
Type. 
Seisura, Tig. $ Horsf. TV. Linn. So<\ xv. p. 249 (1820)... .S. inquiota. 

Bill of Slstira inquieta. 

Range* Confined to Australia. 

1. Sisura inquieta. 
Restless Thrush, Lath. Gen. Si/n. SuppL ii. p. 181, no. 11. 
Doubtful Thrush, Lath, t. c. p.*182, no. V,\. 
Volatile Thrush, Lath, t. c. p. 183, no. 19. 
Flycatching Thrush, Lath, t c. p. 185, no. 25. 
Tardus inquietus, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. ii. p. xl. 
Tardus duhius, Lath. t. c. p. xl. 
Turdus volitans, Lath. t. c, p. xli. 
Turdus muscicola, Lath. t. o. p. xliii. 
Seisura inquieta, Vig. §' Horsf. Tr. Linn. Sor. xv. p. 250; Gray* 


Gen. B. i. p. 260; Gould, %. Amir, folio, ii. pi. 87; Blyth, Cat. 

n. pi. t
B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 205; Bp. Camp. i. p. 824; Beichmb. Pfa. 
JNeuholl, pp. 225, 280; Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 0ftj Gould, 
Hcmdb. B. Austr. i. p. 246; Fimch, Neu-Guinea, p. 109; Qrm, 
Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4910; Ramsay, 7V. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 
ii. p. 182. 
Seisura 
volitans, Swains. Nat. Libr., Flycatchers, p. 188, pi. 12; 
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261. 

Adult. General colour above dark slate-colour, with a greenish-
grey gloss ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, with a steel-greenish 
edging to the feathers; wing-coverts like the back, margined with 
steel-blue ; quills dark brown, the inner secondaries blacker ; head, 

* All the specimens of this bird are presented by Mr. Hodgson as from Nepal, 
though Dr. Jerdon believes the species to be only found in Sikhim. 
408 inrsciCAPiM. 

sides of face, and sides of neck glossy blue-black; in front of the 

eye a triangular patch of dusky grey ; cheeks and under surface of 

body pure white, tinged with ochraceous buff on the throat and 

breast; thighs blackish, with white edges to the feathers; under 

wing-coverts ashy blackish, with somewhat of a steel-blue shade; 

quills light ashy brown below, shaded with whitish along the 

inner web; ubasal half of the sides of the upper mandible and 

the basal two thirds of the lower mandible greenish blue; remainder 

of bill bluish black; legs and feet dark bluish brown ; irides dark 

brown " (Gould). Total length 8 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 3*85, 

tail 3*7, tarsus 0*75. 

Hah. Australia, excepting the northern and western portions, 

and Tasmania. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq, 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
(I, e,f. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
q. Ad. sk. W. Australia. 
h. Ad. sk. New South Wales. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
2. Sisura nana. 
Sei&ura nana, Gould, Ann. K II. (4) vi. p. 224; JRamsay, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. JV. & TV. ii. p. 182. 

Head glossy greenish black ; back and tail the same, but somewhat 
lighter; wings brownish black, the secondaries with paler 
edges; under surface white, tinged with buff on the chest; bill 
and legs bluish lead-colour. Total length 6 inches, bill f, wing 3|, 
tail 3, tarsus f. (Gould.) 

Hah. Northern Australia. 

60. AESES. 
Type. 
Arses, Lesson, Traite, p. 387 (1831) A. telescophthalimu. 
Orphryzone, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 383 ... . A. kaupi. 

Range. New Guinea and Papuan islands, extending to the northeastern 
peninsula of Australia. 

Key to the Species. 
Males. 


a. Collar round hind neck, lower throat, and 
breast white. 
a\ With the chin black, all the rest of the 
under surface white. 
a". Eye-wattle blue in life. 
a"'. Larger; black spot on chin more 
extended on the throat telescophtMmus, p. 409. 
b'". Smaller: black chin-spot less extended 
on the throat ,, arue?isis, p, 410. 
b". Eye-wattle yellow in life baton fa, p. 411.* 
b'. With the chin white, like the rest of the 


CO. 
A USES, 409 

under surface; a black band across the 
breast kaupi, p. 41J. 

h. Collar round hind neck, lower throat, and 
breast light orange or Naples yellow insidam, p. 414. 
Females, 

a. "With a white loral spot. 
a'. Head always grey ; back orange, with the 
wings of the same colour, the innermost 
secondaries orange without any dark 
centres ; rump and upper tail-coverts like 
the back; tail orange-chestnut, slightly 
shaded with brown at the end batantcp, p. 411, 


b'. Head blackish or very dark grey; hinder 
neck deep orange, but only a little darker 
than the back, which is deep orange-
chestnut; wings dark brown on the 
inner webs, orange-chestnut externally, 
the innermost secondaries of the same 
colour; tail rufous-brown, the feathers 
edged with chestnut teleseophthahmts, p. 410. 

c\ 
Head grey; round the hind neck an 
orange collar, contrasting with the olive-
brown back insuhris, p. 412, 


b. With an orange loral spot; head black; back 
dubky brown, as also the tail, contrasting 
with the orange hind neck aruensis, p. 410. 
1. Arses telescophthalmus. 
Muscicapa 
telescophthalma, Garnot, Voy. Coqmlle, 1, pt, % p. 593, 
pi. 19.fig. 1. 
Muscicapa enado, Less. Voy. Coquille, i. pt. 2, p. 643, pi. 15.fig. 2: 
Mater, Br. Linn. JSoc. 1858, p. 181. 
Arses telescophthaimus, Lesson, TraiU, p. 387; Bp. Comp. i. 

p. 326; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. viii. p. 398, ix. p. 24, 
x. p. 132; Ramsay, P)\ Linn. Soc. N. 8, W. 1. p. 391; Sharpe, 
Journ, Linn. Soc. xiii. pp. 316, 497. 
Monarcha telescophthalma, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 257; Gray, Gen. 

B. i. p. 260; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177, et 1859, p. 156 ; id. bat B. 
Neto Guinea, p. 30; id. JP. Z. S. 1861, p. 435; fflnsch, Nm-Guinea, 
p. 169; Gray, FLand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4804. 
Monacha telescophthalma, Sioains. Nat Ltbr., Flycatchers, p. 140. 
Adult male. General colour glossy steel-black, the scapulars and 
lower mantle-feathers white at their ends, where they adjoin the 
lower back, which, with the rump, is white, the bases to the 
feathers being grey; wings entirely black ; "upper tail-coverts and 
tail black ; crown of head, sides of face and ear-coverts, fore part 
of cheeks, chin, and upper throat black, the plumes of the head of 
a velvety texture and with a slight steel gloss; hinder pait of 
cheeks, sides of neck, and a collar round the hind neck, as well as 
entire under surface of body, pure white, including the under wing-
coverts and axillaries; thighs black, as also the edge of the wing ; 
"bill pearly grey; feet dull lead-colour or ashy; iris black; fleshy 

VOL. iv, 
2 32 

4l( ) MTTSCICAriDJE. 

wattleround the eye sky-blue * (D'Albertis^ Total length finches. 
culmen 0*6, wing 3*15, tail 2-85, tarsus 0-,. 
jfcfafc female. General colour orange-brown, brighter on the 
hind neck; wings dusky brown, all the coverts and qmlls externally 
orange-brown or rufous; tail-feathers dnll brown edged with 
rufous; crown of head dull slate-colour, as well as the feathers 
round and below the eye; in front of the latter a large spot or dull 
white; sides of face, sides of neck, throat, and breast orange ^re mainder 
of under surface pure white, the flanks washed with reddish 
brown; thighs entirely of the latter colour; tinder wing-coverts 
whitish, washed slightly with orange ; quills dull brown below, 
rufous along the inner webs ; " bill dusky ; feet ashy ; iris black 
(DAlbertis). Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*2. tail 
2*9, tarsus 0*65. 
Hub. New Guinea; Mysol. 

a. (S ad. sk. New Guinea. ^ 
b. 6 ad. sk. Porey, N. G. A. R ^ allace, EMJ.^C .„. 
c. <$ ad. sk Sorong, N. Gh, Feb. 4, Leyden Museum [P._. 
l8Q6(Dr.Bernstein). 
d. 9 ad. sk. Sailolo, Salwati, July Leyden Museum [P. j . 
11,1867 (Hoedt). 
d, e. <J ad.; f. § ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C..,. 

2, Arses aruensis. 

Arses aruensis, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. i. no. o, p. 21. 

Adult male. Crown of head, ear-coverts, and sides of face, fore 
part of cheeks, chin, and extreme upper edge of throat blue-black ; 
round the hind neck a broad white collar, joining the sides of the 
neck, which, with the hinder cheeks and the rest of the under surfaces 
of body, are pure white, excepting the tibial plumes, which 
are black; mantle, scapulars, and upper back blue-black ; wing-
coverts also blue-black, the terminal half of the inner greater 
coverts and the ends of the scapulars white; primary-coverts and 
quills black, edged with blue-black ; lower back and rump white ; 
upper tail-coverts blue-black, tail-feathers black, washed with blue-
black on their margins ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; 
quills blackish below, ashy along the inner edge of the primaries, 
white on the secondaries. Total length 6*5 inches, culmen 0-6, 
wing 3*1, tail 2-9, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult femcde. General colour above dusky orange-brown, the 
tail also dull brown, with dusky-rufous edges to the feathers ; least 
wing~coverts like the back, the median and greater series dusky 
brown with orange-brown edges and tips of lighter orange; primary-
coverts and quills brown, with dull orange-rufous margins, 
broader on the secondaries ; crown of head, feathers below the eye> 
and ear-coverts glossy black • a loral spot of orange; round the 
hind neck a collar of bright orange-rufous, contrasting strongly 
with the back ; cheeks, throat, and breast bright orange-rufous 

00. ARW, 
411 
deepening almost to chestnut on the latter; remainder of under 
surface white, the flanks washed with ashy, the sides of the upper 
breast orange-rufous ; thighs dusky brown; under wing-coverts 
and axillaries white, the edge of the wing orange; quills dull 
brown, rufeseent along the edge of the inner web. Total length 
6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*95, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*7. 

Sab. Aru Islands and South-eastern New Guinea. 

cr, b. S ad.; c. § ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace. FM%. [0.]. 
d, e. S 2 ad- sk. Aru Islands. Leyden Museum [l\j. 
( Von Rosenberg). 

3. Arses batantse. 
Arses batantse, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mm. vol. i.no. 5, p. 20. 

Adult male. Similar to A. ieJescophthalmus, but rather larger, 
and having the wattle round the eye yellow. Total length 7 inches, 
culmen 07, wing 3*4, tail 3, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. General colour above light orange-rufous, the wing-
coverts and inner secondaries entirely orange-rufous like the back ; 
primary-coverts and primaries dusky brown, externally edged with 
light orange-rufous, the secondaries more broadly, the inner ones 
being almost entirely orange-rufous with a shade of dusky brown 
on the inner web ; tail-feathers pale orange-rufous, the centre 
feathers dusky brown with pale rufous edges and shafts ; crown of 
the head dark grey, as also the feathers round the eye, which are 
slightly mottled with white bases; loral spot dull white; ear-coverts, 
sides of face, and throat light orange-buff; remainder of the under 
surface white, the sides of the breast washed with orange, the tibial 
plumes orange-rufous; under wing-coverts light orange-buff, the 
edge of the wing deeper orange; axillaries white, washed with 
orange ; quills ashy brown below, rufeseent along the inner web. 
Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3*3, tail 3, tarsus 0*8. 

Uab. Islands of "Waigiou and Batanta. 

a, b. <$ ad.; c, d. $ ad, sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 

e. <$ ad. sk. Waigiou, March 14, Leyden Museum [P.]. 
\SQS(JDr.Bermtein). 
f 
J ad.sk Batanta,June 28,1869 Leyden Museum [P.]. 
(Dr. Bernstein), 

4. Arses kaupi 
Arses kaupi, Gould, P. Z. S.1850, p. 278; id. B. Austr. Suppl. fol 
pi. 10; id. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 251; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, 

p. 100; Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. i. no. 5, p. 21. 
Orphryzone kaupi, Ramsay, P. Z. S.1868, p. 383. 
Monarcha kaupi, Gray, Mand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4806. 
Arses (Orphryzone) kaupii, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. N. 8. W. ii. 
• p. m 
Adult 
male (Rockingham Bay). General colour above glossy 
2 K2 

4L2 itUSCICAPID^E. 

black, the wings and tail both black; scapulars and rump white 

with black bases; upper tail-coverts black; crown of head and 

nape, sides of face and ear-coverts glossy purplish black; cheeks, 

throat, and a broad collar round the hind neck white; across the 

breast a broad band of glossy black, the central feathers varied with 

streaks and edgings of white; remainder of under surface of body 

white, with blackish bases to the flank-feathers ; thighs black; 

under wing-coverts black, the axillaries white with black bases; 

quills dark brown below, lighter brown along the edge of the inner 

web. Total length 6 inches, oilmen 0-55, wing 3*1, tail 2*9, tarsus 

0-75. (Mus. J. Gould.) 

Hab. KE. Australia, extending as far south as Eockingham 
Bay. 

5. Arses insularis. 
Monarcha insularis, Meyer, Sitz. k. Ahad, Wien, Ixix. p. 395. 
Arses insularis, Sclater, P. Z. S, 1878, p. 679; Skarpe, Notes Leyden 
Mu$. vol. i. no, 5, p 20. 

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black, the feathers 
of the crown of a velvety and somewhat scaly nature; feathers of 
lower mantle tipped with white where they adjoin the scapulars, 
which, as well as the lower back, are also white with black bases ; 
rump ashy grey, some of the feathers white at the ends ; upper tail-
coverts and tail jet-black; wings entirely black; lores, feathers 
round the eye, ear-coverts, and chin black; cheeks, throat, breast, 
and sides of neck pale orange, extending in a collar round the hind 
neck; rest of under surface, as well as the under wing-coverts and 
axillaries, pure white; small coverts along the edge of the wing 
black ; thighs black. Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 
3*25, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Adult female. Upper surface dull ochraceous brown, with a collar 
of bright orange-rufous round the hind neck, contrasting with the 
back; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills 
dusky brown, margined with ochraceous brown ; upper tail-coverts 
rufescent brown; tail dusky ochraceous brown with clearer ochraceous 
edges; crown of head and feathers round the eye grey; in 
front of the eye a white loral spot; cheeks, throat, and breast bright 
orange-chestnut; remainder of under surface dull white, with a 
brownish shade on the flanks; thighs brown ; edge of wing brown ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish, washed with orange. 
Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-6, wing^3*05, tail 2-6, tarsus 0*7. 

Hab. Island of Jobi in the Bay of Geelvink, and Xorthera Few 
Guinea. 

a, b. <$ ? ad. *k. Ansus, Jobi, April 1873. Dr. A. B. Meyer [O.]. 

61 . PTEZOKHYNCHTTS. 413 
61. PIEZORHYNCHUS. T 
Piezorhynchus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 171 P. alecto. 
Syinposiachrus, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 650 (1854) P. trivirgatus. 

Head of Piezorhynchus alecto. 

Range. Australia; Papuan islands; Moluccas; Timor group ; 
Louisiade archipelago. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Upper surface uniform, the mantle not differing 
from the crown in colour. 
a\ 
Under tail-coverts bottle-green, like the rest ,aiecf0 ^ 415 
of the under surface of body j ^^ p< ^ 


b'. Under tail-coverts chestnut or rufous. 

a". Under tail-coverts like the entire under 
surface of body; throat black in male; 
upper surface chestnut-brown; tail entirely 
chestnut mbiensis, p. 417. 

b". Under tail-coverts rufous 5 breast white or 

buffy white, like the throat. 
a'". Mantle light chestnut, like the back .. alecto £ > P« ^15. 
b'". Mantle dark ashy, shaded with the 

purple colour of the head, and separating 
the latter from the back, which is 
dark chestnut nitidus § , p. 416. 

c\ Under tail-coverts white, like the abdomen, 
sometimes with a slight tinge of orange. 
c". Sides of throat and fore neck and chest 
orange, as also the sides of the body. 
cr". Wings grey, the coverts and edges of 
the quills grey, like the back. 


ax. Forehead black, not separated from 
the grey crown by a line of orange-
rufous. 


a5. Upper tail-coverts black. 

aa. White ending to outer tail-feathers 
not exceeding an inch iu 
length. 

a7. Much larger; wing 34 inches: 
frontal line of black only 0*15 
inch in extent; black spot on 
the throat confined to the 
chin, not more than 0*2 inch, 
so as scarcely to extend beyond 
the ramus of the jaw.. bernsteini, p. 417. 

MUSCTCAPIDJE. 

tf Smaller; wing 3 inches; black 
snot on throat much larger, 
0*7 inch mgnvnentum, p. *J-o. 
&6 White ending to outer tail-fear 
' there 1-2 inch in length tnmrgatus, p. 418. 

V. Upper taU-coverts^ grey, Bta the ^ ^ ^ 
£* Forehead'black, but separated from 
the grey crown by a narrow line of 
orange-rufous ,.. . diadematus, p. 419. 
<T Upper wing-coverts black, contrasting 
with the grey back. 
G*. White spot on tail-feathers very 
small* upper surface blackish, the 
head scarcely darker than the back. Mmacidatus, p. 420. 
dh White spot on tail-feathers larger; 
upper surface grey, with a conspicuous 
black frontal band and ear-
coverts • melanqpterus, p. 420. 
d» Chest white ox greyish white, like the 
breast and rest of the under surface. 
e'". Tail entirely black. _,_„. . ._ 
e\ 
All the wing-coverts black like the 
back* ear-coverts and crown black.* dichrous, p. 421. 

f. 
Median and inner greater wing-coverts 
white, forming a conspicuous patch ; 
a band across the crown, ear-coverts, 
and sides of neck white
f"t Tail black, the outer feathers tipped 
with white. 
gK Throat black; breast white; ear-
coverts black. 
c5. Throat black, extending to the fore 
neck; wing-coverts with distinct 
triangular spots of white at the 

tip

d\ Throat black, but not extending to 
the jugulum; no white spots on 
wing-coverts

A4. Ear-coverts white. 
e5. Throat white


f. 
Chin black, as also lower throat, 
with a white bar across the middle 
of latter
g'". 
Tail black, the outer feathers white for 
their entire length. 
i*. Larger; wing 3*55: cheeks and sides 
of neck white7c4. Smaller; wing 3*05: cheeks and sides 
of neck black

 wrticalis, p. 422. 

guttukitm, p. 422. 
mor&tmm, p. 423. 
leueati^ p. 423. 
pik(dus} p. 424. 

loricatmf p. 425. 
letieurus, p. 425, 

7i'". 
Tail pure white, excepting a black 

edging near the base and near the end 

of the centre feathers infelix, p. 426. 
, Under tail-coverts black, like the rest of the 
under surface * axillaries pure white ..... . axillwu, p. 426. 
Under tail-coverts pale lemon-yellow, like 

61 . P1KZ0RUYNCHUS. 41 5 
the abdomen and breast; throat and chest 
black; tail black, yellow at base, the outer 
feathers entirely yellow brehmi, p. 426. 

, Upper surface not uniform, the mantle black, 
contrasting strongly with the head, which is 
fiery orange. 


a'. Lower back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-
coverts orange-yellow, leaving the mantle 
only black. 


a". Black colour not extending behind the 
eye ; black confined to the throat chrytsomelas, p. 427. 
b". Eye surrounded by black feathers; black 
of throat extending to fore neck kordensis, p. 427. 
6'. Entire back and scapulars black, leaving only 
the rump and upper tail-coverts yellow .. aruensis, p. 428. 

1. Piezorhynchus alecto. 
Drymophila alecto, Te?nm. PL Col. iii. pi. 430. fig. 1. 
Muscicapa chalybeocephala, Gam. Voy. Coquille, i. p. 589, pi. 16. 
fig. 1; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 203. 

Monarcha alecto, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2G0 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 326; 
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 170; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4794; 
Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, lxix. p. 504: Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877. 

J?-100-. . 

Seisura nitida, Gh'ay, Gen. B. i. p. 2G1 ; id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 327, 
no. 4911. 
Myiagra lucida, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p, 17G; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, 

p. 27; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 170. 
Piezorhynchus lucidus, Gray, P. Z. &. 1859, p. 157, et 1801, p. 434. 
Piezorhynchus chalybeocephalus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150. 
Myiagra nitens, Gray, P.Z.S. 18G0, p. 352; Fimch, Neu-Guinea, 
Seisura chalybeocephala, Gray, Iland-l. B, i. p. 327, no. 4913. 
Seisura nitens, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4914. 
Monarcha chalybeocephalus, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Gmov. vii. 

p. 708. 
Adult male. General colour above and below glossy black, with a 
steel-green lustre, the feathers of the head velvety, and the ear-
coverts shaded with purple; lower abdomen dusky black, without 
gloss ; quills and tail black externally, edged with the same greenish 
black as the back: " bill dull pearly grey; feet black; iris black " 
(D'Albertis). Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3-6, tail 3*0, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
light chestnut or bay; tail entirely bay, like the back; wings uniform 
with the back, the quills dark brown, externally bay, like the 
back, the innermost secondaries entirely of the latter colour; round 
the hind neck a shade of dusky grey, slightly extending upon the 
mantle; head and sides of face glossy steel-green, somewhat shaded 
with purple on the ear-coverts ; cheeks and entire under surface of 
body pure white, the sides and under wing-coverts somewhat shaded 
with pale rufous; under tail-coverts washed with fulvous; quills 

HUSCICAPIB3S. 

416 

dusky blackish below, rufous along toe inner webs. Total length 6-6 

inches, culmen 0-85, wing 3*3, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-3. 

Ohs. The tint in the males raries from a purplish-Mack lustre to 
an oily greenish black. The most completely purple specimen examined 
by me is one from S.E. Xew Guinea, collected by D'Albeitis* 
and lent me by Count Salvador! ; but every gradation is seen in a 
series from this purplish colour to the oily green and steel-green. 
The birds from Batehian and Gilolo are smaller, but do not seem to 
constitute more than a race. 

Hah. New Ireland and Duke of York Island, westward through 

New Guinea to the islands of ifysol, Waigiou. Batehian. and neigh


bouring Molucca islands. 

a. P. *d cto. 
a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Duke i >f Y< *rk Inland. Rev. G, Blown [CV. 
Port Moresby, »S.E. 0. €. Stone, EM[. T\ \ 

a} d. 3 § ad* &• 

Xew (rtuuea. 
ej. d $ ad. sk. Xew Guinea. A. R. "Wallace. EH|. TV. 
#, L o* $ ad. sk. DorevTX. <*. A. R. Wallace, foq. *l\ \ 

i. £ ad. sk. Arfalc Mountain*, M. LagMze [€.~, 
K. G. 
Waipriou. A. I t Wallace, E^q. T. \ 
V - <?? ad.sk. 

m,n. o*ad.;o. Jad.sk. Mysol A. R. Wallace, Esq. "C.^ 

p. 
3 ad. sk. LmnViade archiJ. 
Macpitih ray* Esq. *[C. ,. 
pelago. ( T\ pe of IK iueidw. I 
b. P. nitons. 
a. (S ad. sk. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace, Etq. T.\ 
b. S ad. sk. Batehian. A. R. Wallace, E»q. fa * 
c. d* <? $ ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace, Esq. *C.]. 
2. Me»rhymclras nitidus. 
Piezorhynchus nitidus, Gndd, P £ & 1840, p. 171; t& JR Austr. folii. 
pi. 88$ 2?p. Ctoutp. i p« 324; 2fesefc»& F%. JVfettfoft, pp. 157, 
287; Ramsay Br. Litm. Soc. K. & W. xL p. 182. 
Piezorhyncbus rufokter&lis, 6ftray, P. £ & 1858, p. 176 j i& CaL B, 
New Gumm, p. 27, 
Seisura nitida, finay, Mtmi-l B. L p, 827, no 4911. 
Seisura rufolateralis, Grog, Ehmd4* B* L p* 317, no* 4012. 


Adult male. General colour bottle-green, with a steel-Hue gloss ; 
wing-coverts like the back; quills browner, the secondaries edged 
with the green of the back; tail-feathers Mack, eiged with steel-
green; under surface of body like the upper. Total length 7*3 
inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*5, tail 3*2, tarsus Qf9. 

Adult female. General colour above deep chestnut, the crown of 
the head dull steel-blue, shading off on the bind neck, the latter 
and the mantle dark ashy brown ; wings like the back, the primary-
coverts tipped with dusky, the quills dusky brown on the mum 
webs and at the tips, the inner secondaries like the back; tail chestnut, 
with rufous bhafrs to the feathers; sides of face like the head ; 
cheeks and under surface of body white or huffy white; fcMgh* 

61. rir-zoRHYtfCHtrs. 
417 

dusky brown* flanks pale chestnut; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
like the breast; quills dusky brown below, with rufous edgings 
to the inner webs. Total length 6*8 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3-15, 
tail 2*9, tarsus 0-9. 

Obs. The present species differs from P. alecto only in having a 
very much longer and thinner bill, but the females are distinguishable 
by the characters given in the key. Neither in the JBritish 
Museum nor in the series collected by Dr. Beccari, and lent to me 
by Count Salvadori, is there an adult male from the Aru Islands. 
Nevertheless I believe that the birds from the latter locality are 
identical with P. nitidus, judging from the narrowness of the bill 
and the exactly similar coloration of the females. 

Hah. Northern Australia, as far south as Port Denison; Aru 
Islands. 
a, b. S ad. sk. Port Essington. Br. Sibbald [P.]. 
c, d. $ ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.]. 

e. cJ juv. sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq.* [P.]. 
f)<J>6 juv. * h. $ juv. sk. Aru Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Types of P, rufolateralis.) 

3. Piezorhynchixs rabiensis. 
Tchitrea rubiensis, Meyer, Sits. k. Akad. Wien, bdx. p. 494. 
Monarcha mentahs, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 310 (1874). 
Monarcha rubiensis, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 922, x. 


p. 132. 
Adult male (type of species). General colour rufous-brown, with 

somewhat of a greyish, shade on the crown; wing-coverts like 

the back; quills dusky brown, externally rufous* upper tail-coverts 

and tail rufous ; frontal plumes, lores, sides of face, and under sur


face of body rufous, much paler and inclining to white on the lower 

abdomen; chin and upper throat black* under wing-eoverts like the 

breast. Total length 6*9 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*55, tail 3*3, 

tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Adult female (Andai, JBruijn). Differs from the foregoing in 

wanting the black throat. Total length 6*5 inches, culmen 0*65, 

wing 3*6, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

The colour of the under surface in the last-mentioned bird is a 

rich foxy red, and the wings and tail are chestnut; this is probably 

the natural colour of the species, as the type was preserved in spirit, 

and has evidently faded a good deal. 

Hob. North-western New Guinea. 

4. Piezorhynchus "bernsteini 
Monarcha bernsteinij Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii, p. 322. 
Adult female (Sailolo, Salwati, Bernstein; type of species). General 
colour above dark bluish slate-colour, the head exactly like 
the back, as also the wing-coverts * quills dusky blackish, externally 
edged with slaty grey like the back ; upper tail-coverts and tail 
black, the three outer tail-feathers tipped with white, less extensive 

MC&CICAPIBJJ. 

418 

on the third rectrix; & narrow frontal band 0*15 inch in extent; 
lores feathers above and below the eye, a spot at base of lower 
mandible and a chin-spot 0*2 inch in extent black; ear-coverts 
black, shaded with slat}* grey; remainder of cheeks, entire throat 
and breast rich orange-rufous, the abdomen and under tail-coverts 
white, the flanks washed with orange : thighs Mack ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white, with a slight tinge of orange* the 
feathers on the edge of the wing black, edged with grey; quills 
ashy blackish below. Total length 6 inches, oilmen 0-65. wing 
3-1, tail 2-8, tarsus 0*7*3. < J/w. Lngd.) 

Hah. Salwati, XW . of Xew Guinea. 

5. Hezorhynchus mgrmentnirL 
Monarcha nigrimentum, 
Gray* P. Z. S. 1560, p. &52; Fituch, Ne*-
Gmnea} p. 100: Gray, Hand-l B. L p. 320, no. 4800. 

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, the wing-coverts 

dike the back, the greater series and the quills blackish, externally 
edged with grey: upper tail-coverts and tall black, the three onter 
feathers with broad white ends, increasing in extent towards the 
outermost; a narrow frontal band, lores, feathers above and below 
the eye, ear-coverts, and fore part of cheeks at base of lower mandible 
black; remainder of cheeks and sides of throat, as well as the for© 
neck, orange-rufous; remainder of under surface of body white, 
slightly washed with orange on the chest and sides of the body ; 
thighs black; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, slight!)' 
tinged with orange; " hill and feet bluish lead-colour, the tip blaHk ; 
iris dark" (Wallace, MS.). Total length 7 inches, culmen <H>„ 
wing 3-05, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-7. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length il-B inches 
culmen 0*65, wing 2-S5, tail 2*\ tardus 0*7. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the orange colour diffused 
more widely on the underparts, the chin being greyish, not 
black; no black on the forehead and sides of face ; the white tips 
to the outer tail-feathers smaller. 

Hah. Molucca Islands; Amboyna, Goram. 

a, $ ad. sk. Amboyna* A. R. Wallace, E*q. [C], 
h, c. Imm. sk.
d, e. 6 ad. sk. 
Ambovna, 
Goram.
(Type of specie*.) 
A. R. Wallace, EacL [C."\ 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C4 

6. Rezorhymclras trivirgatuj. 
Drymophila trivirgata, Temm. PL Cd. Hi pi 418. %. 1. 

Monarcha trivirgata, 
Gray7 Gen. B, i. p. 200; Bp* Ctnup. i. p, 026; 
Watt. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485; Fitmh. Net^(hdmaf p. 160; &my, 
Handrl. B. i. p. 320, no. 4797. 

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey, the wing-coverts 
like the back; greater coverts and quills brown, externally eige<i 
with dull ashy grey, the inner secondaries washed with this colour; 
upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers black, the three outer ones broadly 

419 

(31. raiZOllTIYNCHTJS. 
tipped with black, with traces of a white spot at the tip of the fourth; 
forehead, lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts black, as also 
the plumes at the angle of the mouth and the chin and centre of 
throat; hinder part of cheeks, sides of throat, fore neck, and chest 
bright orange-rufous, paler on the sides of the body; centre of 
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white; thighs white, with 
dusky bases ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white; quills greyish 
brown below, ashy along the edge of the inner webs. Total length 
5*8 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-9, tail 2-8, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Not to bo distinguished from the male. Total 
length 6 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0*7. 
Ilab. Timor group of islands. 

a, b. <$ g ad. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
c, Ad. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.j. 

7. Piezorhynchus gouldi. 
Monarcha trivirgata, Gould, Syn. B. Austr. pt. ii.; id. B. Austr. fol. ii. 

pi. 90; id. Ilandb. B. Austr. i. p. 263; Reichenb. fog, Neulwll. 

pp. 227, 287. 

Monarcha gonldi, Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 352 j id. Hand-l. B. L 

p. 320, no. 4798 ; Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. iVr. S. W. ii. p. 182. 
Monarcha albiventris, Gotdd, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 217; id. B. Amtr. fol. 
Suppl. pi. 13; Gray, Sand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4803 j Bamsay, Broc. 
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182. 

Adult male. Like M. trivirgatus, and only to be distinguished by 
the absence of white on the fourth outer tail-feather, the three 
outermost only tipped with white. Total length 6 inches, culmen 
0*55, wing 3, tail 2-9, tarsus 0*7. 

Ilab. North-east Australia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Cape York (/. Macgillivray). Oapt. Stanley [P.1 
b. $ ad. sk. Rockingham Bay. * Capt. Stanley [P.J. 
8. Piezorhynchus diadematus. 
Monarcha diadematus, Sahad, Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. xii, p. 321. 

Adult male. General colour above dark ashy grey, the least wing-

coverts like the back; median and greater coverts and quills brown, 

edged with the same grey as the back, less distinctly on the quills; 

upper tail-coverts darker grey than the back; tail-feathers dark 

sepia-brown, the two outer ones with a white spot at the tip; frontal 

band black, separated from the crown by a band of orange-rufous ; 

feathers above and round the eye, ear-coverts, fore part of cheeks, 

and a large throat-spot black; hinder part of cheeks, lower throat, 

and breast pale orange-buff; remainder of under surface of body 

white, with a tinge of orange-buff on tho flanks; thighs grey ; under 

wing-coverts and edge of wing dark grey; axillaries white; quills 

dark brown below, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total 

length 5*7 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*9, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but having the orange-buff of 

1ITJ8CICAPIDJE. 

420 

the breast much paler and Inclining to white- Total length 5-$ 
inches, oilmen 0*6, wing 2S5, tail 2-7, tarsus 0*85. 
Hob. Obi group of islands, Moluccas. 

a. 
<J ad. sk. Obi, Aug. 7, 1867 Leyden tfusenm [Rj. 
(Von Itosenberg). 
h. $ ad. sk. Obi Lattoe, Aug. 8,1862 Lejden llusetim [F.J* 
(Bi\ Bernstein)* 
9. Piezorfcynchris bimacnlatus. 
Monarcha blmaeulata, Gray, P. <£ & 18C0, p. 352 $ «7. Hand-L B* i. 
p. 320, no. 4799. 
Monarcha 
bimacnlatus, Salvad. Ann. If its. Civic, Gemv. viL p. 7f#S 
(1875). 

AfotZtf male (type of species). General colour above dark slaty 
grey, the wings black; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the three 
outer feathers tipped with white, Increasing in extent towards the 
outermost; forehead, feathers above and below the eye, and ear-
coverts black; a spot at angle of mouth and throat black also; cheeks 
and sides of throat and fore neck rusty orange, becoming paler on 
the sides of the body; breast and centre of body and under tail-
coverts whitish, with a fulvous tinge ; thighs blackish ; under wing-
coverts white, somewhat tinged with rusty. Total length 0 inches, 
culmen 0-65, wing 2*85, tail 2*55, tarsus 0*65. 

Youncj. Differs from the adult in wanting the black on the forehead, 
face, and throat, the forehead being, like the crown, bliprlitly 
hoary; ear-coverts grey, like the crown; feathers in front of the 
eye, eheeks, throat, and chest orange-rufous, the chin grey; wing** 
and tail browner than in the adult. 

A slight variation takes place in the colour of the under surface 
in this species, some Individuals being nearly white, others distinctly 
washed with rufous. 

Hab. Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Island. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Batchian. A. E, Wallace, Il&y [CV. 
(Types of sp '€*ie *.)" 


c. Ad. j d. Juv. sk. Batchian. A. El Wallace, E^4{. H V. 
e,f. Ad.; g. Juv. sk. Gilolo. A. E. Wallace, JEMJ. [^-^* 
h, i, k Ad. sk. Morty Island. A. E. Wallace, E*q. JJ.^ 
10. Piezorhynchtxs melanopterus, 
Monarcha 
melanoptera, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 178; id. Cat J?, 
Neto Guinea, p. 29 j Fins"h, 2fru-Guineaf p. 10U: Gray, Iland-L JSP. 

i. p. 320, no. 4802. 
Adult male (type of species), (xeneral colour above dark ashy 
grey, the least wing-coverts like the back ; remainder of the wing-
coverts blue-black, contrasting strongly with the back ; quills brown, 
externally edged with grey, the Inner secondaries almost entirely 
grey; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers Mack, the three outermost 
broadly tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outer


61 . razOKHYHCMTTS. 
421 

most; forehead,lores,feathers above and Mo w the eye, car-covort«, 
feathers at base of lower mandible, and throat blue-black; behind 
the ear-coverts a white line running down the sides of the head; 
cheeks, sides of throat, and under surface of body bright orange-
rufous ; centre of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white; 
thighs dusky grey; under wing-coverts white, those near the edge 
of the wing black; quills ashy brown below, edged with pale fulvous 
along the inner web. Total length 5*8 inches, ciilmen 0*6, wing 3f 
tail 2-9, tarsus 0*75. 

Hob, Louisiade archipelago. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bound Island, J. Macgillivray, Esq. [p.], 
Louisiade archipelago. (Type of species.) 
11. Piezorhyixclius dichrous. 
Muscicapa manadensis, Quoyet Gaim. Vay. de V Astral. Zool. i. p, 176, 
pi. 3. fig. 3; Oustal Bull Sac. Thilom. 1878, p. 58. 
Hypotliymis manadensis, Bp. C. JR. xxxviii. p. 652, note j Walden. 
Tr.Z.JS. vii. p. m. 
Monarcha dichroa. Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150* id. P Z. 8. 1861, 

p. 435 ; Finsch, JVeu-Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand~l. B. i. p. 320, 
no. 4796. 
Myiagra menadensis, Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 352 j id. Hand-l JB. i, 

p. 328, no. 4921. 
Monarcha dichrous, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 819, x. 
p. 132. 
Adult (type of species). General colour above glossy purplish 
black; wings and tail entirely black, edged with the same purplish 
black as the back; sides of face, sides of neck, and entire throat 
and fore neck purplish black, like the upper surface, the plumes of 
the latter tipped with white where they adjoin the breast, which, 
with the rest of the under surface is white; thighs black; under 
wing-coverts white, those along the edge of the wing black; quills 
ashy black, lighter along the edge of the inner web ; " bill black; 
feet ashy; iris black" (D'Albertis). Total length G*9 inches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 3*2, tail 2*95, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in being more cindery black 
with a distinct gloss, instead of being purplish black. Total length 
6-2 inches, wing 3*25, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*7. 

An individual marked " male" by Laglaize is like the adult 
female, but has hoary edgings to the feathers of the throat and 
crown. It is probably a young male, but shows no other signs of 
immaturity. 

Hah. New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.)" 
5, c. (S 2 a^-sk* Amberbaki, New Guinea. M. Laglaize [C.l. 
d, $ jun. &k. Amberbald, New Guinea. M. Laglaize [O.j. 

422 
MUSCICAFIDiE. 

12. Piezorhynchus verticalis. 
Monarcha verticalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 99, pi. xiv. fig. 1. 

Adult. Above black; rump, primary-coverts, median, and all of 
the secondaries white; frontal plumes, sides of face and region of 
the eye, and entire throat black, rather inclined to stand out, producing 
a somewhat scaly appearance; a white band across the 
crown composed of similar plumes ; abdomen and under wing-
coverts white ; bill and feet black. Total length 6 inches, wing 3-3, 
tail 241. (Sclater.) 

Hab. Duke of York Island. 

13, Piezorhyuchus guttulatus. 

Muscicapa guttula, Garnot, Voy. Coquille, Zool. I p. 591, pl. 16. 
fig. 2. 
Monarcha guttata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280. 
Monarcha guttula, Bp. Consp. i. p. 326 ,* Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177; 
id. Cat B. JSTew Guinea, p. 29; id. P. Z. S, 1861, p. 435; Finsch, 
Neu-Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4789. 
Monarcha griseogularis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177; id. Oat. B. New 
Guinea, p. 29; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 169 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. 

p. 320, no. 4790. 
Monarcha guttulatus, 
Salwd. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 768; 
Salvad. §• D Albert, t. c. p. 818; Sahad. op. cit. ix. p. 24, x. p. 132; 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 497. 

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey with a slight bluish 
gloss; least wing-coverts and innermost greater coverts like the 
back; remainder of wing-coverts blue-black with large white terminal 
spots; quills brown, externally edged with ashy grey, the 
inner secondaries washed with the latter colour; upper tail-coverts 
and tail blue-black, the four outer feathers tipped broadly with 
white, decreasing in extent towards the centre of the tail; a broad 
frontal band, lores, feathers above the eye, sides of face, ear-coverts, 
and throat glossy blue-black, of a velvety texture; sides of neck and 
feathers running up behind the ear, and the entire under surface of 
body white, the flanks slightly shaded with grey; thighs black ; 
under wing-coverts white, the edge of the wings black ; quills ashy 
brown below, paler along the edge of the inner web; " bill pearl-
grey ; feet clear ashy; iris black" (D'Albertis). Total length 
6-5 inches, culrnen 0*7, wing 3-1, tail 2-8, tarsus 0*65. 

The male described is from Mysol; another in equally fine 
plumage has only one row of white spots on the median wing-
coverts, none on the greater series. These spots also vary in sizo 
greatly: and as they are absent in the young bird, it is probable that 
the two rows of spots on the coverts are an indication of perfect 
plumage. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the throat ashy, with a 
certain amount of black on the malar region ; there is no black on 
the forehead and sides of face, these being ashy like the upper parts; 
the wing-coverts are also ashy like the back, and have no white 

01 . PIEZOBHYNCTIU3. 42$ 
spots at all; white tips to the tail-feathers also smaller. Wing 
2-8 inches, tail 2-7, tarsus 0*65. In the quite immaturo bird 
(if. griseigidaris of Gray) the breast is tinged with rusty orange. 

Hob. New Guinea, Aru Islands, Mysol, Waigiou. 

a. Ad. sk. Momile, near Port Moresby, 0. C. Stone, Esq.. [0.]. 
S.E. New Guinea. 
b. $ ad. sk. Karons, New Guinea, April1877. 
M. Laglaize [0.]. 
c. d. S ad. sk.
e. (S juv. sk, 
Aru Inlands. 
Aru Islands. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. |. 
f, g. d ad. sk.
h, i. 5 juv. sk.
Ar. 6 ad. sk. 
Mysol. 
Mysol. 
Waigiou.
(Typo of M, griseigidaris.) 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. rO.]. 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.\ 
A. R. Wallace, Esq_. IC*. 

14. Piezorhynchus morote&sis. 
Adult female. General colour above slaty grey ; wings dark brown, 
the coverts deep black; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the two 
outer feathers broadly tipped with white; a broad frontal band of 
black ; sides of face, feathers above the eye, and ear-coverts purplish 
black ; fore part of cheeks and throat also purplish black, not 
extending to the jugular region and ending in a point; hinder 
part of cheeks and sides of neck, as well as entire under surface 
of body from the jugulum downwards, pure white; thighs black ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, excepting the ones near 
the edge of the wing, which form a black patch. Total length 
6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*95, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*65. 

Hub. Morotai or Morty Island, Moluccas. 

a. $ ad. sk. Morty Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
15. Piezorhynchus leucotis. 
Monarclxa leucotis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 101; id, B. Austr. SuppL 
pi. 10 • Gray, Cat B. New Guinea, p. 30; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435; 
Finschj Neu-Guinea, p. 169; Gauld, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 264; 
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4702; Ramsay, JPr. Zi?m. Soc. 

N. S. W. ii. p. 182. 
Adult General colour above glossy black, the upper tail-coverts 
white; tail black, all but the four centre feathers tipped with white, 
increasing greatly in extent towards the outermost, which has a 
very broad white end, even extending some way up the outer web ; 
wings black, the coverts broadly tipped with white, the innermost 
median and greater ones pure white, forming a large patch; the 
inner secondaries broadly edged with white on their outer webs ; 
sides of face black, with the exception of the ear-coverts, which are 
white, as well as a spot in front of the eye and another larger one 
above the ear-coverts, from which it is separated by a narrow line 
of black; throat white, with more or less concealed black bases ; 
rest of under surface of body light ashy, the abdomen and under 

MUSCTCAPIDJS. 

424 

tail-coverts white, as well as a narrow proepectoral collar, the latter 
not distinctly marked; thighs black ; under wing-co verts and axillaris 
ashy white, as also the inner edges to trie quills. Total 
length 5*7 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*85, tail 2-7, tarsus 0*7. 

Hah. Louisiade archipelago and North-eastern Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. Louisiade Islands. J. Macgilliyrav, Esq. [0.]. 
5. 
Ad. sk. Cape York, N.E. J. Gould, Esq". 
Australia. (Type of species.) 
16. Piezorhynchus pileatus. 
Monarcha pileatns, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic, Genov* xii. p. 322. 
Adult male (Weda, Halmahera, Jan. 13, 1863, Bernstein; type 
of species). General colour above glossy purplish black, becoming 
white on the rump, the upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail-feathers 
black, the three outer ones with white tips, more extended on th© 
outermost; wings black, with a large white patch, on the coverts 
formed by the innermost of the least and median series being 
entirely white; the inner greater coverts externally white, and some 
of the inner secondaries white along the outer web, forming a bar 
down the wing; scapulars white, and some of the innermost secondaries 
white at the base; across the hinder part of the crown abroad 
white band; round the neck a white collar; sides of face and throat 
black, with a white spot in front of the eye and a white band across 
the throat; ear-coverts white; remainder of under surface of body 
white, with a slight greyish shade on the chest and sides; thighs 
black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; quills dark brown 

below, whiter along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5*1 
inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-6, tail 2*35, tarsus 0*6. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Young male (Weda, Jan. 13, 1863, Bernstein). Nearly uniform 
blackish above, the upper tail-coverts white; tail brownish black, 
the three outer feathers with white tips, as in the male; no white 
bar across the head, nor a white collar round the neck; ear-coverts, 
lores, and feathers below the eye and on the anterior part of the 
cheeks dull white, mostly shaded with ashy ; an indistinct eyebrow 
of ashy grey, with white bases to the feathers; sides of neck also 
ashy, obscuring the white bases; underneath, the body is ashy grey, 
the throat white, shading into fawn-colour on th e lower part, the 
centre of the abdomen,, under tail-eoverts, thighs, and under wing-
coverts white; wings above browner than in the adxilt; the median 
coverts broadly tipped with white, the innermost of this series and 
the innermost greater coverts entirely white, some few of them 
edged with blackish; the inner secondaries edged with buff. Total 

length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2*5, tail 2-1 , tarsus 0*55. 

(Mus. Lugd.) 

The foregoing specimen is marked by the late Dr. Bernstein as a 
male, but might possibly be the adult female. The adult male is not 
in good condition, and it is difficult to make out the exact distribution 
of the white tracts of feathers. 

Eab, Island of Halmahera or Gilolo, in the Moluccas. 

01 , MWiOttHYNCIUTS. 42 5 

17. Piezorhynclms loricatua. 
Monnrcha lorieata, HVl/iw, P. St. # 18(1,1, p. 20, pi, 0; Fm$rk^ AVw-
Guinea, p. 100; Gray, UmM. H. I p. JfcJO, no. 4801. 
Monaroha foricatiiB, tialvad.Ann. Mm, Giin'e. Genm\ viii. p. 377, 

Mult nutUi (type of species). General colour glossy black, ilia 
w ing-eoverts resembling the back; greater series and quills black, 
externally broadly edged with glosay black; iwo centre tail-feathers 
black, with a small amount of white at the extreme bane, the next 
one on each Hide black, with a groat patch of white along the inner 
web, the rest white, with a hand of black at the tip, this band gradually 
diminishing in size towards the outermost feathers, which 
are entirely white; Bides of face, feathers at fore angle of cheeks, 
and entire throat black, the plumes of the latter rounded and scalelike 
; remainder of cheeks, sides of neck, and entire under surface 
pure white; thighs black; under wing-coverts white, those near the 
edge of the wing blaek ; quills black below, with a goocl amount of 
white along the inner web of the innermost becondaries ; " bill and 
feet lead-colour, the tip of the bill and edges of mandibles pale 
horny; iris dark " ( Wallace, MS.). Total length 7*3 inches, culmen 
0*6, wing 3*55, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7*3 inches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 3*25, tail 3, tarsus 0*75. 

Obs. The black tips to the tail seem to vary in extent according 
to the age of the bird, sometimes the three outer tail-feathers being 
entirely white. 

Young. Different from the adult. Brown above, with more or 
less of an ashy shade on the head, the forehead tinged with rusty; 
feathers round the eye dark ashy; in front of the eye a triangular 
spot of buffy white; ear-coverts dusky brown; cheeks, sides of neck, 
and under surface of body rich rusty buff; wings brown like the 
back ; tail blackish, the outer feathers rusty brown, with more or 
less brownish-black edges. 

Another young bird is similarly coloured, but has a goocl many 
black feathers appearing, and the throat is blackish. 
Hah Island of Bouru, in the Moluccas. 

«»&• 6 2 ad. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.]. 

(Typos of species.) 
c Ad, sk. Bouru. A. It, Wallace, Esq. [0.1 
d}e. Juv.sk. Bouru. A. II. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 

18. Hezorhynchus leueurus. 
Monarcha leucura, Gray, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 178, et 1801, p. 435; id. 
Cat B. New Guinea, p. 20; Mmck, I\eu-Gtdneas p. 160; Gray, 
Hand-l B. i. p. 320, no. 4791. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy blue-
black ; wing-coverts like the back, greater series and quills black, 
with edgings of blue-black; four centre tail-feathers blacky the 
next one on each side white, with a large basal patch and a tip of 

VOL. IV. 2 F 

42G anrscicAPiD-E. 

black, all the others pure white excepting a more or less concealed 
basal spot of black; sides of face, sides of neck, and entire throat 
black, like the upper surface: remainder of under surface of body 
pure white, including also the under wing-coverts and the inner 
margin of the quills; "bill and feet leaden blue" (Wallace, 318.). 
Total length 6*3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-05, tail 2-9, tarsus 0*7. 

Hab. Ke Islands, in the Moluccas. 

a. d ad. sk. K$ Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
h. 6 ad.', a & juv. sk. Ke Islands. A. 11. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
19. Piezorli3nichiLS infelix. 
Monarcha infelix, Sclater, P. Z. S.1877, p. 552. 

Adult male (Admiralty Islands, Murray, Voy. of E.M.8. ; Challenger 
7; type of species). General colour above blue-black; wings 
black, with a large patch of white, formed by the median coverts 
and the tips to the inner lesser coverts ; tail-feathers pure white, 
the centre feathers broadly edged with black towards the tip, which 
is also black; from behind the eye a white streak, widening out 
into a triangular patch on the sides of the neck; ear-coverts, sides 
of face, throat, and chest black ; remainder of under surface white, 
the thighs black, edged with white; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white, the lower series black, edged with white : quills black 
below. Total length 6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*9, tarsus 0-55. 

Hab. Admiralty Islands. 

20. Piezorhjnchus axillaris* 
Monarcha axillaris, Salvad. Ami, Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 921. 
Adult male (Mount Arfak; type of species). General colour above 
and below glossy blue-black; wing-coverts blackish, edged with 
glossy blue-black, like the back; tail black; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries pure white, the latter forming a conspicuous patch on each 
side of the breast. Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 8*2, 
tail 2*95, tarsus 0*75. (Mus. Genov.) 

Female (not quite adult; Andai). Differs from the male in being 
dark slate-colour above and below, with a slight bluish gloss, the 
breast brown (apparently remains of young plumage)* wing brownish 
black; tail black. Total length 6 inches, wing 3'-l, tail 2-9, tarsus 
0*7. (Mus. Civic. Genov.) 

Hab. North-western New Guinea. 

a. $ ad. sk. Arfak Mountains (Bruijri). Leyden Museum [P.]. 
21. Piezorhynchus brehmi 
Monarcha brehmi, Schl N, T. D. iv. p. 14 (ex Von Rosenberg, MS.) $ 
JBeccari, Ann. Mas. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 709. 

Adult male. General colour above velvety blue-black, as well as 

427 

61. piEzomnrNCuus. 
the sides of the face, throat, and chest; above the eye a spot of 
straw-yellow; from behind the upper part of the eye a broad streak 
of straw-yellow, running above the ear-coverts; wings velvety black, 
like the back, all the median and greater wing-coverts (except the 
extreme outer ones of both series) straw-yellow, forming a conspicuous 
patch; inner secondaries also pale straw-yellow, nearly whito 
on their outer webs; upper tail-coverts and tail (imperfect) straw-
yellow, the centre feathers black at the ends, this increasing in extent 
towards the middle of the tail; under surface of body, from the 
chest downwards, straw-yellow, including the under wing-coverts 
and axillaries; thighs black at tarsal bend. Total length 6-4 inches, 
culmen 0*65, wing 3*35, tail 2*8, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Civic Genov.) 

Hah. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geclvink. 

22. Piezorhynchus chrysomelas. 
Muscicapa chrysomela, Gam. Toy. cle la Coquilk, Zool. i. p. 594, 
Atlas, pi. 18.'fig. 2. 
Monarcha chrysomela, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 257; id. Nat. Lihr. 
Fh/c. p. 142, pi. 14; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2G0; Sclater, P. Z. S.1877, 

p. loo. 
Arses clirysomelas, Lesson, Traite, p. 887; Bp. Camp. i. p. 326. 
Monarcha cordensis, Cab.fyReichen. J.f.O. 1870, p. 320. 
Adult male (New Ireland, G. Brown). General colour above 
bright orange-yellow, more brilliant on the head; mantle glossy 
black, the adjoining feathers of the upper interscapulary region 
somewhat shaded with black; wings black, the lesser, median, and 
greater coverts orange-yellow, like the scapulars, the greater series 
black on the inner web; bastard wing and primary-coverts black; 
tail black; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers in front of the eye, 
extending halfway above the latter, and below it upon the fore part 
of the ear-coverts, cheeks, and throat glossy blue-black; below the 
eye a white spot; sides of face, sides of neck, and underparts of 
body bright orange-yellow; thighs black; under wing-coverts 
rather paler yellow; quills black below, white along the edge of the 
inner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-9, tail 2*45, 
tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Marquis of Tweeddale.) 

Hah. 'New Ireland. 

23. Piezorhynchus kordensis. 
Monarcha kordensis, Meyer, Site. k. Ahad. Wissensch. Wien, lxix. 

p. 202; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 310; Gould, B. 
New Guinea, part v. 
Adult male. General colour above orange-yellow, the mantle only 
glossy blue-black; wing-coverts orange-yellow, like the back, the 
greater coverts with the inner web black, the outer ones black, 
tipped with yellow, the outermost entirely black, like the primary-
coverts : quills black, the inner secondaries externally yellow, increasing 
in extent towards the back, where they are entirely yellow, 

MTTSCTCAPIMI. 

with black bases to the inner webs; tail black; Lead and neck fiery 
orange including the sides of the neck and hinder part of ear-
coverts ; a frontal line, lores, feathers all round the eye and below 
it cheeks, throat, and fore neck glossy blue-black, the feathers 
somewhat scaly in appearance; remainder of under surface rich. 
orange-yellow; thighs black; under wing-coverts rather paler 
orange-yellow; edge of wing black; quills dusky blackish below, 
withpale yellow edgings to the inner webs. Total length 6 inches, 
culmen 0-65, wing 3-05, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*8. (JLfu*. Civic. Genov.) 

Adult female. Different from the male. Upper surface of body 
olive-brown, with somewhat of a yellow tinge, the upper tail-coverts 
bright yellow; head, sides of face, and underparts orange-yellows 
inclinino- to fiery orange on the head, which is somewhat mottled 
with dusky olive tips to the feathers; wing-coverts dnil-brown, 
edged with yellow, very broadly on the median series; quills dull 
brown, edged with olive, the inner secondaries with yellow; tail 
brown, shaded with olive, especially on the outer webs. Total 
length 5-7 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2*9, tail 2*5, tarsus 0-75. (J/t/#. 
Civic. Genov.) 

Hob. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink 

a. <J ad. sk. Misori (Von JRosmlerg). Leyden Museum [P.]24. 
Hezorhynchtis aruensis. 
Monarcha chrysomela (nee Garn.),Gray, P. Z. JS. 1858, p. 177, et 1801, 
p. 435; id. B. New Guinea, p. 30; Fimch, Ken-Guinea, p. 100; 
Gray, HandA. B. i. p. 320, no. 4805. 
Monarcha aruensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 309; 

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soe. ariii. p. 497. 

Monarcha melanonota, Sclater, P. Z, S. 1877, p. 100; Gmdd7 Bm JSTew 

Guinea, part v. 

Adult male (type of species). Lower back, mantle, and scapulars 
black; rump and upper tail-coverts bright yellow; tail entirely 
black; wings black, with a large patch of yellow, formed !>}' the 
least, median, and inner greater wing-coverts being entirely yellow, 
the outer greater coverts black, with a yellow tip; innermost secondaries 
broadly edged with yellow ; crown of head and nape orange-
yellow, the black feathers of the upper mantle adjoining having 
also slight yellow margins; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers 
above and below the eye, cheeks and fore part of ear-coverts, and 
entire throat glossy blue-black; in front of the eye a patch of 
white; hinder part of ear-coverts, sides of neck, and entire under 
surface of body bright yellow; thighs black; under wing-coverts 
yellowish white, edge of wing black; quills dusky blacjdsli below, 
edged with whitish along the inner web. Total length 5-4 inches* 
culmen 0*55, wing 2-65^ tail 2*25, tarsus 0*65. (Mm. Gemv.) 

Adult female. General colour above olive-green, slightly yellower 
on the head and rump; wings and tail ashy brown, the feathers 
edged with olive-green; sides of face olive-green, the ear-coverts 
slightly more dusky ; below the fore part of the eye a spot of white ; 

02 . MONARCHA. 42 9 
throat and breast dull yellow, washed with olive, the chocks and 
chin dusky ash-colour; abdomen and under tail-coverts bright 
yellow, tho flanks and thighs washed with olive-groonish; under 
wing-coverts pale yellow; bill bluish, the tip black; feet leadcolour 
; iris dark. Total length 5*9 inches, culmon 0*6, wing 2'65, 
tail .2*3, tarsus 0*65. 

Obs. Count Salvadori having also lent mo a pair of birds from 
New Guinea (Dorey tf, Andai $ ), there can be no doubt that the 
New-Guinea bird, M. mdanonota, Sclater, is the samo as the Aru-
Island species, as already suggested by mo (J. Linn. Soc. I. c). 

Bab. Aru Islands, New Guinea, Waigiou, Mysol. 

aj b. cJ ad.; c, d. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. 11. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
e, f. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands ( Von Leyden Museum [P. j . 
Rosenberg), 

g. S ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. 
hf i. <5 ad.; k. £ ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. 
n 

/. c? ad. sk. Arfak Mountains, Leyden Museum [P, 
N.W.NewGuinea. 

62. MONARCHA. 
Typo. 

Dryniophila, pt., Temm. PI. Col. (1826, nee Sw.).
:cha Via

Monarcha,
,, Vig. fy Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 254 
(1826) M. melanopsis. 
Monacha, Swains. Monogr. Flycatchers, p. 140 (c.1838) M. chrysomelas 

Head of Monarcha melanosis. 

Range. Australia, Papuan islands and Moluccas, Timor group, 
Mackenzie group. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Upper surface uniform, the mantle not diifering 
from the crown in colour. 
a'. Forehead and throat black. 
a". Tail and wings not perceptibly darker than 
the upper surface; quills dusky brown, 
edged with grey, like the back; abdomen 
orange-bufT or pale cinnamon melanopsis, p. 480. 

b". Tail and wings black, in strong contrast to the 
back; quills black, without grey edging. 


a'". Thighs black; breast and abdomen deep 
chestnut; the grey of the upperparts 
and of the chest very pale, *. e. light 
pearly grey ; entire throat black canescens, p. 431. 

MTJSC10A.2IDM.

430 

b'". Thighs orange, like the rest of the under 
surface, only the chin and upper throat 
black; the lower throat grey, like the 
chest .. ........... .... /rater, p. 4-31. 

V. Forehead and throat light grey, like the rest of 
the upper surface, with sometimes a slight 
shade of blackish near the nostrils and base of 
chin • • * inornaiu-% p. 431. 
b. Upper surface not uniform j back white in male, 
as also the underparts; head all round, wings, 
and tail black: female black, the mantle, sides of 
neck, and fore neck white godeffroyi, p. 432, 
1. Honarcha melanopsis. 
Muscicapa melartopsis, Vieill N. Diet dBCkt. Nat. xxL p. 450. 

Monarcha carinata, Vig. <f* Mors/. Tr, Linn. Soe. xv. p. 2oo ; €rmkl 
JSyn. B. Austr. pt. ii. j Gray, Gen. B. i p. 260; Gould, B. Aimtr* 
fol. ii. pi. 95; Meichenb. Vog. Keuholl pp. 99, 287; Bp. C'on#i>. i 
p 326; Finsch, Neu~Guineaf p. 169; would, Handb. B« Amir. L 

p. 262; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 320, no. 4786; Salmd. f IfAtiwi. 
Ann, Mus. Cine. Genov. vii. p. 818; Salmd. op. cii. be- p. 24; 
Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc. iVr. & W. i p. 391, ii. p, 182 j m«tpef 
Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii p. 407. 
Muscipeta carinata, Swains. Zool. Ittustr. ser. 1, iii. pL 116. 
Drymophila carinata, Temrn. Bl. Col iii. pi. 418. fig. 2. 
Monarcha inornata (nee Gam.), Gould, St/n. B. Austr. part ii. 
Monarcha melanopsis, Salvin, Cat BtricM. Mus. p. 136. 

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey; wing-coverts like 

the back; quill s dusky brown edged with grey, the inner secon


daries entirely grey like the back; tail ashy brown, washed -with 

grey, a broad frontal band of black; round the eye a ring of black 

feathers ; lores, feathers at base of bill, and entire throat Mack; 

ear-coverts hoary grey, extending forwards under and in front of 

the eye, and occupying the hinder cheeks and sides of neckband then 

deepening into darker grey on the fore neck and chest, across wbich 

it forms a broad band; breast and remainder of under surface, in


cluding the under wing- and tail-coverts, light orange-buff; edge of 

wing black; quills ashy below, light fulvous along the edge of the 

inner web; " bill pearl-grey, with white margins; feet dull lead


colour or ashy ; iris black or chestnut-brown " (HAlbertis). Total 

length 6-8 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3-3o? tail 2-9, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in wanting the Mack forehead 
and throat, all of these parts being entirely grey, with a 
whitish shade before the eye and at the angle of the mouth; wing-
coverts and quills narrowly edged with ochraceous yellow. Total 
length 6-6 inches, wing 3-36, tail 2-85, tarsus 0*8. 

tfab. Australia; S.E. INTew Guinea. 

a. c? ad. sk. Australia. 
b. $ ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, % fPA 
c j ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New Guinea. O. C. Stone, EM , fd l 
d. cTad. sk. S.E. New Guinea. Dr. James [£\]. 
62. MONARCH A. 
431 
2. Monarcha canescens. 
Monarcha canescens, Sahmd. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 001. 
Adult male (typo of species). General colour above light pearly 
grey; the sides of the face, feathers round the eye, sides of neck, and 
a broad hand across the chest, somewhat more hoary and whitish, 
grey than the breast; frontal band, throat, and a ring round the 
eye black; remainder of under surface of body orange-chestnut; 
thighs black, as are also the bases to some of the under tail-coverts ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries light chestnut, with more than 
the basal half ashy grey; small coverts near the edge of the wing 
black; wings above black, the greater coverts and primary-coverts 
tipped with pearly grey, some of the least ones entirely pearl-grey, 
as also are the inner, greater, and median coverts, and the innermost 
secondaries ; tail blackish; u bill greyish pearl-colour, with, 
whitish edges; feet dull bluish; iris black" (D'AIbertis). Total 
length 6*4 inches, culmen 0*05, wing 3'4, tail 2*9, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. 
Civic. Genov.) 
Hah. Cape York peninsula, N.E. Australia. 

3. Monarcha frater. 
Monarclia 
frater, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 691; Sahad. Ann. Mies. 
Civic. Genov. x. p. 132. 

Adult male* Genera! colour above light ashy grey, the least and 
inner median and greater coverts like the back; rest of the wing-
coverts and quills black, the inner secondaries externally washed 
with ashy grey; tail black; a broad band of blue-black across the 
forehead; feathers round and in front of the eye hoary white, the 
sides of face, cheeks, sides of neck, throat, and chest lighter ashy 
grey than the back, the black colour confined to the chin and upper 
part of the throat, lores, and feathers at the angle of the mouth ; 
rest of under surface of body rich cinnamon-buff, including the 
under wing-coverts and axillaries, the small coverts round the edge 
of the wing black; quills ashy black below, lighter and more grey 
along the edge of the inner web ; " bill ashy; feet black; iris 
chestnut" (D'Albertis). Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 0*7, ^iu g 
3-35, tail 2-7, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Genov.) 

Hab. North-western New Guinea, Arfak Mountains. 

4. Monarclia inomatus. 
Muscicapa inornata, Gam. Voy. Coquille, Zool. L p. 591, pi. 16. fig. 2. 
Drymophila cinerascens, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 430. fig. 2. 
Monarcha cinerascens, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260; Bp. Consp. i. p. 326 ; 


Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351, et 1861, JJ. 435 ; Wall P. Z. 8 1862, 

p. 341, 1863, p. 485 ; Fimch, New-Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. 
B. i. p. 320, no. 4787. 
Monarcha inornaia, Gray, P. Z. S.1858, p. 177, et 1861, p. 435; id. Cat. 
B. JVetc Guinea, p. 29 ; Fi?isch, Neii-Guinea, p. 1G9 ; Gray, Hand-L 
B, i. p. 320, no. 4788; Sahad, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 83. 
Monarclia inornata, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485. 


MTJaCICAPIDiR 

Monareha conmratata, Brugg. AbhandL Nat. Ver. Brem* v. p. 68, 
Monareha fulviventris, Hartl & Z. 8. 1867, p. 830; Gray, Mand-L 

B. I p. 320, no. 4795. 
Adult male. General colour above clear ashy grey, the least and 
innermost of the median and greater coverts like the back; rest of 
the coverts and quills blackish, edged with ashy grey, the inner 
secondaries more broadly; tail dusky blackish, washed with ashy 
grey, especially on the edges of the feathers; sides of head and neck, 
entire throat, and fore neck light ashy grey, rather paler than the 
upper surface; a slight blackish shade at the base of the nostrils 
and on the chin; rest of under surface bright orange-chestnut; 
thighs greyish, slightly washed with rufous; under wing-coverts 
grey, somewhat tinged with rufous; axillaries orange-chestnut, 
like the breast; quills ashy below, grey along the edge of the inner 
web; " bill pale lead-colour, the tips white ; feet blue lead-colour ; 
iris dark" {Wallace, MB.). Total length 7*3 inches, cuimeii 0'7o, 
wing 3-3, tail 3, tarsus 075. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but duller in colour, being 
darker ashy grey on the upper surface and throat, the lower throat 
slightly washed with rufous, the belly being much paler chestnut; 
quills blackish brown, narrowly margined with pale rufous, as also 
are the greater coverts. Total length 6*0 inches, wing 3*05, tail 2'79 
tarsus 07


Eab. Timor group of islands ,* Sula Islands; Moluccas ; Ara 
Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Timor. 
b. Ad. sk. East Timor, A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l 
c,d. [c?$]ad. &k. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq., C.t 
<?,/. c? $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A* R. "Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Goram. A. R. Wallace, Esq^C.l 
h. <$ ad. sk. Teraate. A. R. Wallace, Esq. Te l 
i Ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
5. Monareha, godeflroyi 
Monareha 
godeffiroyi, Eartl P, Z. S. 1867, p. 829, ph 38: Gray,
Hand-l B. i. p. 321, no. 4810. 

Adult mule (type of species). General colour above white, from 
the hind neck to the rump and including the scapulars; wings 
black, the quills browner; upper tail-coverts and tail Mack; head 
all round black, including the lower throat; sides of neck and rest 
of under surface, from the fore neck downwards, pure white; thighs 
and under tail-coverts black; under wing-coverts black ; quills ashy 
blackish below, white along the inner edge of the primaries; " bill 
entirely blue; feet whitish blue; iris black " (Kubaryf MS.), Total 

length 6-6 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 3-45, tail 3, tarsus 0-1)5. 
(Mus. Godeffroy.) 

Adult female. Entirely black, excepting the hind neck and upper 
mantle, sides of neck, lower throat, and fore neck, which are pure 
white. Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3"1, tail 2-0, 
tarsus 1. 

63. PELTOPS. 
433 
Young, Above brown, the bead and bind neck ashy grey, the 
scapulars rufescent at the tips, tbe rump rufous, becoming paler an d 
more fulvous on tbe upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts dusky brown 9 
broadly edged externally with rufous-buff, becoming fulvous on th e 
median and greater coverts; quills dark brown, externally edged 
witb rufous, tbe primaries narrowly, tbe secondaries more broadly, 
tbe innermost of tbe latter edged and tipped witb buff; tail-feathers 
asby brown, narrowly edged witb ocbraceous brown and tipped 
witb wbite, more broadly on tbe outer feathers; lores and a broad 
eyebrow rufous-buff; ear-coverts ratber deeper rufous, shading o n 
to tbe sides of tbe throat; under surface of body light cinnamon-
rufous, inclining to fulvous on tbe throat and under tail-coverts ; 
under wing-coverts light cinnamon, like the breast; quills light 
brown below, whitish along the inner web ; " bill horn-colour, th e 
point brown, under mandible paler; feet dirty white; iris black " 
(Kubary, MS.). Total length 6*6 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*25, 
tail 3, tarsus 1. 

Hab. Island of TJap, Mackenzie group. 

^ c? ad. sk. Island of TJap (Kubary). Godefiroy Museum. 

b. Juv. sk. Island of TJap {Kubary). GodefTroy Museum. 
63. 
PELTOPS, 
Type. 
Peltops, Wagler, Ms, 1829, p. 636 P. blainvillii. 
Erolla, Lesson, Traite d'Orn, p. 260 (1831) P. blainvillii. 
Platystomus, Sivains. Classif. B. ii. p. 261 (1837) P. blainvillii. 
Range. Confined to New Guinea, Mysol, and Waigiou, 

1. Peltops blainvillii. 
Eurylaimus 
blainvillei, Garnot, Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. i. p. 595, 
pi. 19. %. 2; Mnsch, freu-Guinea, p. 160. 
Peltops blainvillei, Wagler, Ms, 1829, p. 636; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 66, pi. 22. fig. 2; Bp. Consp. i. p. 169; Reichenb. Handb. 
Merop: p. 59, pi. ccccxl. figs. 3211, 3212; Sclater, Journ. Linn. 
Soc. ii. p. 160; Gray, Cat. Mamm. <$rc New Guinea, p. 19: id. 
P. Z. S. 1861, p. 433; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 165; Gray, 
KandA. B. i. p. 319, no. 4785; Sclater, Ibis, 1872, p. 177; id. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 696; Gould, Birds of Mew Guinea, part 1 ; 
Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 708; Salvad. op. cit. ix. 
p. 23, x. p. 181. 
Erolla blainvillei, Less. Traite' d?Orn. p. 260. 
Platystomus blainvillei, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 261; id. Nat-
Mist. Flycatchers, p. 245, pi. 31. 

Adult. General colour above and below glossy black, with somewhat 
of a steel-green lustre; upper margin of eyelid and the ear-coyerts 
white- on the interscapular}7 region also a white patch; rump, 
upper and under tail-coverts, and vent bright crimson; thigks 
black; wings and tail black; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
pure white, as also the inner edges to the quills; " bill, feet, arid 

MCTSCICAPEDiE. 

434 

eyes black" (D'Albertis). Total length 7*2 Inches, culmen 0-95, 
wing 3-85, tail 3, tarsus 0*55. 
Bab. The same as that of the genus. 

a Ad sk. New Guinea. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [C], 

b. Ad." sk.' Waigiou. Purchased. 
64. POMAEEA. ^ 
Pomarea, ^ . C. B. xxxviii. p. 650 P. nigra. 

Range. Society Islands ; Marquesas Islands. 

Key to ilie Species. 

a. Belly black , nigra, p. 434. 
b. Belly chestnut castaneiventris, p. 436. 
1. Pomarea nigra. 
Muscicapa nigra, Sparrm, Mas. Carls, i. pi. 23; Sundm. Crit om, 

Sparrm. p. 6. 

Luteous Flveatclier; Lath. Gen, Sytu ii p. 342 (J). 

Society Flycatcher, Lath. Gen, Syji. Suppl. p. 174. 

Muscicapa lutea, Gm. S. JV. i. p. 944 (ex Lath.); Borster, Desen 

Anim. p. 162. 

Muscicapa maupitiensis, Gam, Voy. Coqidlle, Zool i, p. 592. 

Muscicapa pomarea, Less. Man. aOm. i. p. 193; id. Voy. CoquiMt3^ 

Atlas, pi. 18. figs. A, B, 0. 

Muscicapa atra, Forster, Bescr. Anim. pp. 171,172. 

Monarcha nigra, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260; JBp. Consp. i. p. 320; 

Beale, U.S. JExpL Ftp. p. 100; Hard. Arch. f. Katetrg. 1852, 

p. 101; Cassin, U.S. JExpl. Exp. p. 140; Gray, Cat B« Trap. 
Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 19; Finsch u. HariL Fauna Centralpolyn. 
p. 90; bray, Band-l. B. I p. 321, no. 4807. 
Pomarea nigra, Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 650. 
Monarcha mendozae, BEariL J. f. 0. 1854, p. 170; Gray, Hand4. B. 
i. p. 321, no. 4808. 
Young. General colour above brown, rather fulvescent on the 
head and mantle, more chocolate on the rump; wing-coverts and 
quills dull brown, edged with lighter brown than the back; tail-
feathers dark brown, lighter brown on their margins; in front of 
the eye a large spot of dull white, as also the ring round the eye; 
sides of face and ear-coverts light brown, somewhat tinged with 
rufous; under surface of body buffy white, the sides of the hoij 
washed with rufous-brown and streaked with dark brown; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries light rufous-brown ; quills ashy brown 
below, edged with buffy white along the inner web. Total length 
1-6 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*4, tail 3, tarsus 1*15, 

Adult female (?). Pure white, the tail also, the shafts* partly 
brown ; bastard wing and primary-coverts black, edged with white; 
primaries brown, broadly edged with white, and white at the base, 
increasing in extent on the secondaries, the innermost of which are 
white with only a mesial line of black; head and neck all round 

65 . STOPAROZul. 435 
black, extending upon the mantle, the feathery of which are mostly 
black broadly tipped with white; breast also black, some of the 
feathers edged with dull white; remainder of under surface, including 
the axillaries and tail-coverts, pure white; thighs black• 
under wing-coverts black, the lower ones tipped with white ; quills 
for the most part white below, blackish towards their ends. Total 
length 6-5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*5, tail 2*1, tarsus 1*05. 

Adult male. Entirely black all over, slightly glossy, the breast 
somewhat browner, as also the inner webs of the quills ; " bill pale 
bluish black ; feet bluish black ; iris bluish black " (Forster). Total 
length 7*5 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*7, tail 3*25, tarsus 1*1. 

Hal. Society group of islands * Marquesas group. 

a. d ad. sk. Otahiti. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Society Islands. 
Marquesas Islands. 
Zoological Society. 
Purchased. 

2. Pomarea castaneiventris. (Plate XI. iig. 2.) 
Monarcha castaneiventris, Verr. Rev, et Mag, de Zool, 1858, p. 304 * 
Gray, B. Trop. Id. JPacif. Ocean, p. 19; id. Hatid-l. B. i. p. 320, 
no. 4793. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy black; 
wings black, the quills somewhat browner; tail black; sides of 
face, sides of neck, throat, and fore neck glossy black like the upper 
surface; remainder of under surface of body chestnut; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries chestnut, those near the edge of the 
wing black; quills ashy black below, whitish along the edge of the 
inner web. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*6, tail 3, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Hub. Oceania. 

a. Ad. sk. [Oceania.] M. Verreaux. (Type 
of species.) 
65. STOPAB0LA. T 
Type. 
Stoparola, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 125 (1845) S. melanops. 
Eumyias, Cabanis, Mus, Hem. Th. i. p. 53 (1850) S. indigo. 
Glaucomyias, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th, i. p. 53, note (1850) S. melanops. 
Range. Indian peninsula and Ceylon, ranging eastwards into 

China and the Burmese countries ; southwards, through the Malayan 
peninsula to the Sunda Islands and the Philippines. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

a. With the base of the tail white. 
a'. Upper tail-coverts black; upper surface bright 
blue; the forehead, eyebrow, and throat 
bright cobalt * under wing-coverts white .. indigo, p. 436. 

V. Upper tail-coverts dull blue, like the back, 
the eyebrow, forehead, and throat scarcely 
lighter; under wing-coverts ashy brown, 
washed with blue albicaudata> p. 437. 
436 
MXJSCICAPID^E. 

K With a great deal of white on the tail, reaching 
nearly to the end of the feathers, the four centre 
feathers only without any white: size very 
large; wing 3-45 inches j legs pale conereta, p. 437. 

•. With no white base to the tail. 
c'. Under tail-coverts blue or green, with broad 
white edgings. 
a". INTo black spot on chin; feathers at base of 
nostrils black, as well as a line across the 
base of the forehead: size larger j wing 
3*45 inches melcmops, p. 438. 

b'\ 
Chin black; and also across the base of the 
forehead: size smaller; wing 3"05 inches. thalassznoides, p. 439. 

(V. Under tail-coverts white. 
c". General colour dull verditer-blue, brighter 
on the forehead and eyebrow j ear-coverts 
dull verditer-blue; throat and fore part of 
cheeks with silvery tips panayenm, p. 440. 

d". General colour dull greyish blue, the eyebrow, 
forehead, and chin brighter cobalt; 
ear-coverts dull grey, with a slight greenish 
wash sordtda, p. 440. 

1. Stoparola indigo, 
Muscicapa indigo, Horsf. Tr.Linn.8oo. xiii. p. 146 j id. Zool Research. 
in Java j Bi?*ds, pi. 7. 

Hypothymis indigo, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 973; Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; 
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.L Co. i. p. 291; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. 
Soe. new series, i. p. 326. 

Niltava indigo, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264 j id. Hand-l B. i. p. 325, 
no. 4893. 
Stoparola indigo, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 127; id. Cat. B. Mus. A, 

S. B. p. 174. 
Adult male* General colour above indigo-blue, rather greener 
towards the back and rump; forehead and feathers over the eye 
brighter cyaneons or cobalt; wing-coverts like the back, the least 
ones slightly tinged with bright cobalt; greater coverts and quills 
black, externally margined with indigo-blue, more broadly on the 
secondaries ; upper tail-coverts black, washed with blue at the tip; 
tail-feathers black, externally edged with blue, all but the two 
centre feathers white at the base; a narrow frontal line, feathers 
in front of and round the eye, chin, fore part of cheeks and of ear-
coverts black, the remainder of the ear-coverts deep indigo like the 
sides of the neck; throat brighter blue, more cobalt; fore neck and 
breast indigo, becoming paler on the flanks; abdomen and under 


tail-coverts white; quills blackish below, white along the edge of 
the inner web; thighs dull blue, with hoary edges; under wing-
coverts white, the axillaries washed with bluish, the edge of the 
wing bright blue. Total length 5*6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-9, 
tail 2-35, tarsus 0-65. 

A young female bears traces of a robin-like plumage, the rump-
feathers having subierminal spots of pale ochre; breast and abdo


60. STOPAROLA. 437 
men mottled with white feathers, each of which is edged with dusky-
brown. 
Hab. Java. 

a, b. £ ad. sk. West Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 

o. $ imm. sk. West Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.j. 
2. Stoparola albicaudata. 
Muscicapa albicaudata, Jerdon, Madr. Joicm. xi. p. 16 ,* id. Ilktstr, 
Ind. Orn. pi. 14. 
Niltava albicaudata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264; id, Hand-l B. i. p. 320, 
no. 4804. 
Stoparola albicaudata, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 125; id. Cat B. Mus. 

A. S. B. p. 175 j mime, Nests $ Eggs Ind. B p. 210: Fairb. Str. 
F. 1877, p. 402. 
Hypothymis albicaudata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; Iloi'sf. & Moore, Cat. 
1 Mus. B.l. Co. i. p. 292. 
Eumyias albicaudata, Horsf. § Moore, Cat B. Mus. B.L Co. i. p. 422; 
Jerd. B. Ind. i.p. 464; Hume, Str. F. 1876, p. 396. 

Adult (type of species). General colour above deep indigo-blue, 
with a slight eyebrow of lazuline blue; rump slightly shaded with 
brighter blue; wing-coverts brown, externally lazulino blue; primary-
coverts and quills dark brown, edged on the outer web with blue; 
tail dark brown, the feathers margined with greenish blue and white 
at the base of all but the two centre ones, which only have the 
shaft white; in front of the eye a black spot; under surface of body 
indigo-blue, inclining to greyish blue on the lower flanks and abdomen; 
the lower abdomen and vent slightly whitish; under tail-
coverts dusky, with whitish edges to the feathers; under wing-
coverts ashy brown, edged with blue, the edge of the wing brighter 
blue; " bill black; legs black; irides dark brown " (Jerdon). Total 
length 6 inches, culmen 045, wing 3*05, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*75. 

Bab. Southern India. 

a. Ad. sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon [P.]. (Type 
of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon. 
3. Stoparola concreta. 
Muscicapa concrete, Mutter, in Van der Hoeven's Tijdschr. 1835, 
p. 351. 
Hypothymis concreta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320. 
Myxolestes concreta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 358. 
Adult male (type of species). General colour above dark blue, the 
wing-coverts like the back, the greater coverts browner, with a few 
buff spots at the tips (remains of young plumage); quills black, 
externally washed with deep blue like the back; tail dusky black, 
slightly washed with blue on the edges, the four outer tail-feathers 
for the most part white, increasing in an oblique manner on the 
inner feathers, so as to reach nearly to the end of the inner web in 

438 MtrSCICAPIDJE. 

the second and third; forehead and feathers over the eye dull cobalt, 
brighter than the Lead; a frontal line of black; nasal bristles, lores, 
and feathers in front of and below the eye black; sides of face and 
ear-coverts, as well as the throat and breast, deep blue; abdomen 
and under tail-coverts white, shaded with ashy grey on the lower 
breast and flanks ; thighs deep blue ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
ashy grey, with a wash of deep blue; quills below black. 
Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3*45, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*95. 
(Mus. Lugd.) 

Adult female, "Different from the male. Eufous-brown above; 
rump-feathers white; upper tail-coverts rufous; tail-feathers rufous-
brown, the outer feathers obliquely white, as in the male; wings 
rufous, the inner webs dusky brown ; lores buffy white, the feathers 
tipped with dusky; sides of face and ear-coverts rufous, with fulvous 
shaft-streaks; throat rufous-ochre, succeeded by a large patch of 
white on the lower throat; chest ochraceous brown, as also the sides 
of the body; the abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white, the 
former faintly washed with ochre; under wing-coverts ochraceous 
brown; quills dusky brown below, more ashy along the edge of the 
inner webs. Total length 6*2 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3*5, tail 2*5, 
tarsus 0*9. (Mtis. Lugd.) 

Hah. Sumatra. 

4. Stoparola inelanop3. 
Muscicapa melanops, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 171; Gould, Cent. 

Jlimal. B. pi. 6; Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 15. 
Muscicapa thalassina, Swains, (iibif). 
Muscipeta lapis, Less. Mev. Zoo/. 1839, p. 104. 
Niltava melanops, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 204; id. ILt.id-l B. i. p. 320, 

no. 4894. 
Hypothymis melanops, Gray, Cat. Mamm. §c. Nepal Coll. Hodys. 

p. 48; Bp. Chtiqp. i. p. 320; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. 21m. E.I. 
Co. i. p. 292. 
Stoparola thalassina, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 125. 
Stoparola melanops, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 174; Swinh. P. Z. S. 

1871, p. 381; Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 208; Adam, Str. 
F 1874, p. 338; Ball, t.o, p. 405; David 8f Oustal Ois. Chine, 
p. 116; Butler, Str. Feath. 1877, p. 230; Hume & Davison, op. cit. 

1878, p. 227. 
Hypothymis thalassina, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320. 
G-laucomyias thalassina, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 53, note. 
Glaucomyias melanops, Cab. Mas. Hein. Th. i. p. 53, note. 
Eumyias melanops, Horsf.fyMoore, Cat. B, Mm. E.I. Co. i. p. 422 * 

Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 463 { /Swinh. P. Z. S. 1803, p. 289; Cock & Marsh. 
Str. F. 1873, p. 352; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 257; Armst t. c 

p. 323; Hume, t. c. p. 396 ; Blyth f Wold. B. Burm. p. 104. 
Niltava thalassina, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4895. 
Niltava spilonota, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 326, no. 4898 (descr. nulla). 
Adult General colour above verditer-blue, with a greenish shade 
on the back and scapulars; wing-coverts rather brighter blue than 
the back, more cobalt, the quills blackish on the inner web, bright 
cobalt on the outer, the inner secondaries almost entirely cobalt; 

65 . STOPAEOLA. 
tail cobalt-blue, greenish on the inner web and black along the 
shaft; feathers in front of the eye skirting tho base of the forehead 
black; forehead, feathers over the eye, sides of face, and throat 
brighter and more silvery cobalt, of a slight greenish tint; rest of 
under surface of body bright verditer-blue• under tail-coverts dark 
bluish green, broadly edged with white; thighs bluish green ; under 
wing-coverts verditer-blue; quills ashy brown below, edged with 
light brownish along the inner web; "bill, legs, and claws black" 
(Hume). Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3-45, tail 2*8, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but greener in colour. Total 
length 6 inches, wing 3*05, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Dusky grey above, washed with greenish * forehead, eyebrow, 
and ear-coverts mottled with tiny white spots ; under surface 
of body dusky grey, mottled with white or ochraceous lips to the 
feathers, all of which have a dusky terminal edging; under wing-
coverts like the breast. 

Obs. The type of Mr. Gray's Ar. spilonota is from Nepal. It is a 
curious-looking bird, with long triangular dusky centres to the 
feathers of the back and breast; tho size also is rather large; wing 
3*6 inches. At the same time it cannot be a distinct species, as I 
find the same indications of triangular markings on some birds from 
Madras and other localities. 

Hab. Indian peninsula, Burmese countries, ranging into Southern 

China. 

a, b. <$ • c. 2 ad. sk. Cashmere. E. M. Langworthy, Esq. [P.]. 
d,e.d;f.% ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stack!) ousePinwill [P. 

q. S ad. sk. Murree. Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P."" 
X Ad. sk. Murree, July 2o, Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P/ 
1873. 
L c? ad. sk. Simla, July 1875. Cant. Biddulph [P.]. 

h. 
J ad. sk. Matheran, Feb. 4, Major J. Hayes Lloyd [P.]. 
1872. 
I. & ad. sk. Ram-ghaut. Colonel Sturt [P.]. 
m. <$ ad. sk. Mysore, Dec. 8, Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.]. 
1874. 

n. <$ ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.l 
o} p. c? 2 ad- sk, Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [0.]. 
q. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
(Type of -ZV*. spilonota). 
r, s, t <$ ad. sk. Nepal. B. K Hodgson, Esq. [P.l. 
ti, v. 2 ad.; w} a*, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 

y. Juv. sk. 
z> $ imm. sk. Momien,Yun-nan, Dr. J. Anderson [C.]. 
June 22,1868. 
aa. J ad, sk. Lower Pegu, Jan. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
11, 1878 (U. 
Oates). 

5. Stoparola thalassinoi&es. 
Muscicapa thalassina, Mm. Berol. {nee Swains., teste Cabanis). 
Hypothymis thalassina, Bp. Consjh i. p. 320 (nee Sivains.). 

440 MUSCrCAPIDJS. 

Glauconryias thalassoides, Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. i, p. 53, note; Bp. 

C. JR. xxxviii. p. 651. 
Niltava thalassoides, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4896. 
Stoparola thalassinoides, Sahad. Ucc. Born. p. 132 • Sharpe, Ibis, 
1878, p. 416. 

Adult male. General colour verditer-blue, inclining to silvery 
blue on the forehead, eyebrow, and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts 
a little brighter than the back, and inclining to silvery blue near 
the bend of the wing; quills black, externally bright cobalt, the 
inner secondaries almost entirely of this colour; tail deep blue, 
black along the shaft and on the inner web; sides of face and 
throat silvery cobalt; a narrow frontal line, feathers in front of and 
below the eye, and chin black; rest of under surface of body dull 
verditer-blue, a little more greenish on the abdomen and sides of 
body,* the under tail-coverts obscurely edged with white; under 
wing-coverts like the breast; quills below blackish; " iris blackJ? 
(Doria). Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0'45, wing 3*05, tail 
2-4, tarsus 0-6. 
Hab. Sumatra, Borneo, Malayan peninsula. 

a. Ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier. 
b. Ad. sk. Borneo. Hugh Cuming, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [0.]. 

6. Stoparola panayeusis. 
Eumyias panayensis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. ne^v series, i. p. .326. 
Adult (type of species). General colour above dull verditer-blue, 
rather brighter on the forehead and over the eye, forming an indistinct 
eyebrow; least wing-coverts resembling the back, the 
greater series and the quills blackish brown, externally edged with 
dull verditer-blue; tail-feathers blackish, also edged with verditer 
on the outer web• sides of face dull verditer, as also the whole of 
the throat and breast, shading off into white on the abdomen and 
flanks, the latter washed with blue; fore part of the cheeks and 
throat slightly varied with silvery tips to the feathers ; thighs and 
under wing- and tail-coverts buffy white; bill black; feet dark 
brown. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*95, tail 2*45, 
tarsus 0*7. (Mus. J. B. Steere.) 

Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines. 

7. Stoparola sordida. 
Stoparola melano|)S, Layard, Ann. 2VIH. xiii. p. 127 (nee F.). 
Glaucomyias sordida, Wold. Ann. $ Mag. 2V. H. ser. 4, v. p 218 * 

Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 401. ' 
Niltava ceylonensis, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 326, no. 4807 (descr. nulla). 
Eumyias sordida, Holdm. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441; Legge, Ibis7 1874, 

p. 18; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i p. 826. 
Adult male. General colour above dusky grey, with somewhat of 

66. SIPHIA, 
441 
a wash of grconish groy, rather more distinct on tho head; forehead 
and feathers over the eye cobalt; wing-coverts like tho back, the 
outor onos of the lessor series tinged with brighter cobalt; quills 
and greater coverts dusky brown, externally edged with greyish 
blue, much broader on tho secondaries, where it has somewhat of a 
glaucous tint; tail-feathers brown, slightly washed with greyish 
blue on the edges; sides of face, throat, breast, and sides of body 
dusky groy, like the upper surface ; the abdomen and under tailcovorts 
whitish, the thighs dusky grey tipped with wThito ; a narrow 
frontal line, feathers in front of and below tho eye, as well as those 
at angle of mouth and base of chin, black; tho sides of tho face and 
upper throat slightly washed with cobalt; under wing-coverts white, 
the edge of tho wing light bluish ; quills dull ashy brown below, 
dull brownish along the inner web; " bill black; legs and feet 
blackish lead-colour; iris dull reddish brown" (Legge, US.). 
Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3*05, tail 2-6, tarsus 0*75. 

Young. Upper surface and wing-coverts brown, with buff tips 
to the feathers; the chin is buff, and the lower surface, as in the 
adult, mingled with yellowish-grey feathers. (Legge.) 

Hah. Ceylon. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Knuckles, Ceylon, 4500 feet, Capt. W. Vincent Legge 
Nov. 25, 1870. [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Kandy kills. A. Whyte, Esq. TO.]. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Ceylon. 
Hugh Cuming, Esq. 
e. Ad.sk. Ceylon. 
Marquis of Tweeddale [P.], 
66. SIPHIA. _ 
Siphia, Hodgson, Ind. Review, i. p. 651 (1837) S. strophiata. 
Dimorpha, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. x. p. 29 (1841) S. strophiata. 
Oyornis, Myth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 941 (1842) S. rubeculoides. 
Ochromela, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 128 (1847) ... . S. nigrorufa. 
Schwaneria, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 54 .. S. casruleata, 
Mcuetica, Cab. J.f. 0. I860, p. 392 S. strophiata. 

Leg of Siphia banyumas. 

Range. India and Ceylon, ranging through the Burmese countries 
to Eastern China and down the Malayan peninsula to the Sunda 
Islands, the Philippines, and Timor group. 

Key to the Species, 

a. Above blue. 
a'. Entire throat and breast blue. 
a". Belly and under tail-coverts orange-
rufous hyacinthina c?, p. 443, 
VOL. iv. 2 <* 

MTTSOICAPID^. 

b". Belly and tinder tailnsoverts^ whitish. 
aw. Under wing-coverts white; throat 
and "breast deep Hue paUuhpes $, p. 444. 
b1". Under wing-coverts fulvous; throat 
and breast light greyish blue ..... . tmzeolor <J, p. 44o. 
b'. Throat only blue ; fore neck and chest 

orange-rufous, 
c". Throat Hue-black, like the ear-coverts, rubecidoides S, p. <**«' 
rf". Throat brighter blue than the ear-

coverts .. T «&#«** J, p. 447. 
c'. Throat orange-rufous, with only a black or 
blue-black chin-spot, 
e". Legs dark brown or blackish in skin, 


cr". General colour above light greyish 
blue; below light orange-rufous, 
fading off into bufiy white on the 
lower abdomen and under tail-
coverts 5 chin-spot very small ikkellm <J, p. 44$. 

d'". General colour above dark blue; 
throat deep orange or chestnut; 
chin-spot large. 


a*. Orange-colour of the breast extending 
upon the abdomen and 
sides of vent, often upon the 
under tail-coverts banyumas £, p. 440. 

5*. Orange-colour of the breast not extending 
upon the abdomen, which 
is pure white, as also the under 
tail-co^erts pit Hij pike mt\ c , p. 4*** K 

c4. Orange-colour confined to the throat 
and fore neck; the entire breast, 
abdomen, and under tail-covertpure 
white. mtmairtmi^ <£, p. 4-111. 

/". Legs pale yellowish in skin.......... carvhata c , p. 45L 
d'. Throat entirely orange, with no chin-spot. 
g'\ Lores black. 
&'". With a conspicuous superciliary mark 
of bright blue. 


d4. With a bright blue shoulder-spot; 
rump and upper tail-coverts 
brighter blue than the back. 


as. Upper surface dark ultramarine $ 
eyebrow of rich blue, reaching 
to the hind neck; ear-coverts 
Hack leccwiana <J91\ 45;!. 

¥. Upper surface greenish Hue, the 
head and ear-coverts like the 
back; superciliary streaks not 
reaching beyond the ear-coverts turcosa <y, p. 4S& 

e4. No bright blue shoulder-spot; rump 
and upper tail-coverts uniform 
with the rest of the back; legs 


/"'. IS o superciliary streak of bright blue, k 
the whole upper surface being dark 
grey; legs pale ,.,. ,. rvjtgtd* $, p. 4*JL 

06. 
sipniA. 443 
h". Lores white. 
tjm, Ear-cove-rts dark, like the head j no 
perceptible light eyebrow. 


fl 

. Abdomen and under tail-coverts 
orai^y-buif banyunum g, p. 450. 
r/1. Abdomen and under tail-coverts 
white p7iilij>2)inensi$ g, p. 450* 

h'". Ear-coverts light blue, like the upper 
surface ; ft ontal and superciliary line 
lather brighter blue ticJcellue g, p. 448. 

b. Above orange-rufous; head black; tail entirely 
rufousj wings black; entire under 
surface orange-rufous nigrorvfa, p. 45o, 
c. Above olive-brown or grevish olive. 
e'. Tail black; forehead white; throat black ; 
breast grey j on the lower throat a large 
orange-chestnut spot strophiata. p. 455. 


/'.Tail blue. 

i". Ear-coverts and eyelid slaty brown, like 
the upper surface; below uniform 
orange-rufous from chin to under tail-
coverts liyacinthhia g , p. 444. 

7c". Ear-coverts and eyelid rufous; below 
blight orange-rufous, the lower abdomen 
^ hitifah caruhata g , p. 451. 

g\ Tail lufescent. 
/". Throat and chest orange-rufous rubecuhides g, p. 44G. 
m". Throat and chest ashy white. 


i'". 
Tail-feathers rufous, the outer webs 
ashy brown rirficauda, p. 457. 
7c'", Tail-feathers brown, washed with 
rufous on the outer web olivacea, p. 457. 

1. Siphia hyacinthina. 
Muscicapa hyacinthina, Temm. PL Col iii. pi. 30 j F'uisch, Keu~ 

Guinea, p. 1G8. 
JSiltava hyacintha, Gray, Gen. J3. i. p. 2G4. 
Cyornis liyaemthina, Bp. Consj). i. p. 358; Wall. P. Z. S. 18G3, 

'p. 485. 
Kiltava hyacinthina, Gray, Iland-l B. i, p. 325, no. 4881. 


Adult yncile. General colour above dull blue, slightly brighter on 
the upper tail-coverts : wings rather brighter and more ultramarine, 
the lcatst series especially; quills blackish, blue externally ; tail dull 
blue on the outer webs, dusky on the inner webs, the two centre 
feathers dull blue entirely; forehead and feathers over the eye 
brighter blue than the rest of the upper surface; a narrow frontal 
line, lores, and feathers in front of the eye black; ear-coverts, 
cheeks, throat, and fore neck blue-black, the latter rather brighter 
blue; rest of under surface entirely orange-rufous; thighs blue, 
tipped with orange; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the 
breast, the edge of the wing blue ; quills dusky below, greyish along 
the inner web. Total length 6*7 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*4, 
tail 2*8, tarsus 0*9. 

2a2 

444 MtTSCICAPIDJE. 

Adult female. Different from the male. AboTe olivaceous brown, 
the least and median wing-coverts uniform with the back; quills 
dark brown, these and the greater coverts edged with fulvous 
brown; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers dull blue, the latter 
dusky on the inner webs; ear-coverts olivaceous brown, with whitish 
shaft-lines; lores dull rufous; cheeks and entire under surface of 
body deep orange-rufous or orange-chestnut, rather paler on the 
under wing-coverts and axillaries; thighs pale orange. Total length 
0*6 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*8. 

Toting. Like the female, but more ashy, the feathers of the back 
edged with black: below orange, mottled with dusky-blackish edges 
to the feathers, these edgings wanting on the under wing- and tail-
coverts. 
Hob. Timor group of islands. 

a, b. J $ ad. st.
c. $ ad. sk. 
Timor. 
Timor. 
Leyden Ifuseuni. 
Purchased. 
d, e. S $ ad. sk.
/. $ juv. sk.
V- $ ad. sk.
h. J ad. sk. 
E. Timor. 
E. Timor. 
Semao, Timor. 
Timor Coupang. 
A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.\ 
A. R. Wallace, Esq. (C.*. 
A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.l. 
• A. E, Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 

2. Siphia pallidipes. 
Muscicapa pallipes, Jerd. Madr. Jour. si. p. 15. 
Niltava pallipes, Gray Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 325, 
no. 4883. 
Cyorais pallipes, Bh/th, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 338 ,* Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 320; Jerd. B. 2nd. i. p. 4G9; Myth, Ibis, 18GG, p. 372-Fair-
bank, Str. F. 1870, p. 257,- Hume, i. c. p. 397. 
Adult wale. General colour above dull blue, rather brighter on 
the lower back and rump, and inclining to cobalt on the forehead 
and eyebrow; wing-coverts blue, the least series brighter and more 
cobalt; quills blackish, externally dull blue: tail-feathers blue, 
dusky on their inner webs; lores and feathers in front of the eye 
black; sides of face, throat, and breast deep blue, brighter on the 
latter; rest of under surface of body pure white, shaded with ashv 
on the upper breast, the flanks bluish grey ; thighs dull blue; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries pure white, the edge of the wing blue ; 
bill black; "feet pale whitish flesh-colour, whity brown, bluish 
white, or leaden grey; iris brown " (Hume). Total length 5*7 inches, 
culmen 0*6, wing 2m9, tail 2'5, tarsus 0'75. 

Hal. Southern India. 

a. S ad. sk, Coorg, Secretary of State for India [P.1. 
b. Ad, st. India. J. E. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. 3. 
SipMa unicolor. 
Cyornis unicolor, Myth, J. A. S.B. xii. pp. 941, 1007; id. Cat B. 
Mm. A. 8. B. p. 173; Bp. Comp. i. p. 320; Jerd. B. Ind. I p. 405 • 
JBLvme, Str. F. 1875, p. 401, 1876, p. 398, 1877, p. 480: Warpe, 
Ibis, 1878, p, 418; Godw.-Austen, J. A, 8. B. 1878, p. 15, 

66. SIPHIA. 
445 
Niltava unicolor, Gray. Gen. B. i. p. 2G4; id. IlmuU. B. i. p. 326, 
no. 488G. 
Cyornis cyanopolia, Myth, Ibis, 1870, p. 105 (ex Bote MS. in Mus. 
Lugd.) ; Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 132. 
Muscicapa infuscata, JBfyM, t. o. (ex Mutter MS. in Mus. Lvgd.). 

Adult male. General colour above pale smalt-bluc, brighter and 
more cobalt on the rump, and richer blue on the under tail-eoveri s; 
forehead and over the eye bright cobalt, as also the feathers round 
the eye; lores blue-black; sides of face deep blue, lighter under the 
eye and on the fore part of the cheeks ; wing-coverts bright blue, 
the greater series and the quills blackish on the inner webs, bright 
blue externally; tail deep blue, all but the two centre feathers 
blackish on the inner web; under surface of body light blue, silvery 
on the throat, the centre of the abdomen and the under tail-coverts 
whitish; under wing-eoverts yellowish fawn-colour, as also the 
inner edge of the quills below: edge of the wing blue; " bill and 
legs black " (Jerdon). Total length 6 inches, culm en 0*5, wing 345, 
tail 2-8, tarsus 0*7. (Mies. II. J. Ehves.) 

Adult female. General colour above dark ashy brown, the least 
wing-coverts a little more ashy than the back; remainder of the 
wing-coverts and quills dark brown, externally margined with pale 
rufous-brown; upper tail-coverts light rufous-brown, as also the 
tail-feathers, which are internally dusky brown ; lores and feathers 
round the eye fulvescent; ear-coverts and sides of face and neck 
dark ashy brown, with hair-like shaft-lines of whitish on the ear-
coverts ; chin and throat pale rufous, shading off on the fore neck, 
which is ashy brown, as also the breast; abdomen dull whitish; 
sides of body and under tail-coverts fulvescent brown, the latter 
clearer buff; thighs dark brown; under wing-coverts and axillarics 
brownish buff; quills dark brown beloAV, rufescent along the edge 
of the inner web. Total length 6*2 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3-1, 
tail 2-6, tarsus 0*65. 

Young male. Mottled all over with ochraccous spots, margined 
with blackish, the wings and tail blue. 
Hah. Eastern Himalayas, extending to the Malayan peninsula, 
Java (Mus. Lugd.), and Borneo. 

a. 6 ad. sk, Sikhim, April 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P ]. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Sikhim, Nov. 1873. L. Mandelli, E.q. [P.J. 
e. Ad. sk. Sikhim. Capt. C. II. T. Marshall [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier. 
e.f. d 2 ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. Henry Everett, Ebq. [0.1 
g. Juv. sk. Sarawak, Borneo, Henry Everett, Esq. [O.J. 

4. Siphia rubeciiloides. 
Phcenicura 
Tubeeuloides, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 35; Gould, Cent. 
Ilimal B, pi. 25. fig. 1. 
Niltava brevipes, Hodgs. Ind. Review, I. p. 050. 
Muscicapa rubeeula, Stuains. Monogr. Flyc. p. 221, pi. 27. 
Cyornis rubeculoides, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 941; id. Cat. B. Mus. 

A. S B. p. 173; Bp. Consp. i. p. 320,' Ilorsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. 
446 MTTSCICAPIDJE. 

Mm. F.I. Co. ii. p. 289 ; Jercl B. Ind. i. p. 466; Bh/ih, Ibis, 1866, 

p. 371 ; Ilddsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 442; Blyth § Wold. B. Burm. 
p. 10-3 j Hume, JYests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 211 ; id. Sir. F. 1875, 
p. 104; Brooks, t. c. p. 23£; Jerd. B. Ind. 2nd ed. i. p. lxxii; Blanf. 
Sir. F. 1877, p. 484; Hume fy Davison, Sir. F. 187S, p. 227. 
Chaitaris (Niltava) rub^culoides, Ilodc/?. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 212 
(Hodr/s. nos. 137, 138} j id. in Grai/s Zool. Misc. p. 84. 
Niltava' ruboculoide«, Gray, Gen. B. i. n. 264 • id. Cat. Mamm. $c. 
Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 90 (1846) ; id. Ilaml-L B. i. p. 32o, no. 4878. 
Erythrosterna rubecula, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318. 
Cyornis elegans, Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 475. 

Adult male. General colour above deep blue, the wing-coverts 
like the back, the lesser series brighter cobalt, showing a bright 
shoulder-spot; quills and tail-feathers dusky brown, externally blue 
like the back, the centre tail-feathers and innermost secondaries 
entirely blue; forehead brighter cobalt, extending backwards over 
the eyes; a narrow frontal line and feathers in front of and below 
the eye black; ear-coverts, cheeks, and throat dark blue ; fore neck 
and breast bright orange; rest of under surface pure white, the 
sides washed with orange-buff, the long flank-feathers white, somewhat 
overshadowing the rump; thighs blue, with white edges; 
sides of upper breast blue ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, 
the edge of the wing blue; quills dusky brown below, ashy along 
the edge of the Inner web; "bill black; inside of mouth blackish 
(bluish fleshy in the 5); legs pinkish brown, claws the same; iris 
dark hazel-brown; eyelids bluish grey" (Oates). Total length 5'2 
inches, culmen Q-5, wing 2*9, tail 2*35, tarsus 0-65. 

Adult female. General colour above ashy brown washed with 
olive, the upper tail-coverts rufous-brown; wing-coverts like the 
back, the greater series and the quills sepia-brown, externally pale 
rufesccnt brown; tail light rufous-brown, the inner webs of the 
feathers pale brown; a narrow frontal line and lores rufous-buff; 
over the eye a faint shade of greyish; sides of face pale ashy 
brown, with lighter shaft-streaks; throat and breast orange-buff, 
paler on the former; remainder of under surface white, the sides of 
the body washed with fulvous; thighs ashy brown, with whitish 
tips to the feathers; under wing-coverts buff with a slight shade 
of orange, some of the axillaries silky white. 

Young. Kobin-like. Olive-brown, mottled with streaks of golden 
buff to the feathers of the upper surface, which have also black 
margins; wing-coverts blackish, broadly edged and tipped with 
golden buff; quills brown, washed externally with olive-brown; 
tail-feathers olive-brown, strongly washed with golden brown on 
their edges; breast pale orange-buff, mottled with dusky edgings 
and lines on the feathers ; rest of under surface whitish. 

Hah. India, Burmese countries, and Ceylon. 

a. S ad. sk. Madras. "Dr. Jerdon [P.], 
b, J ad. sk. Madras. Eev. H. H. Baber [P.]. 
c. S ad. sk.
d, e. <$ ad, sk. 
N.W. Himalayas. 
Between Simla and 
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.l 
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.l. 
Mussoorie. 

. 66. SIPHIA. 
447 

/, g. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
A, t. c? ad.; fc-rc. J Nepal. B. II.Hodgson, Esq.. [P.]. 
ad. sk. 

o. dad . st. Behar. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
P) 0. d ? ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. 
[P.]. 

r. 
Juv. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. 
[P.]. 
aa sJr

s. 
$-- Upper Burmali, Jan. 16, Dr. Anderson TCI 
1868. 
t. <$ ad. sk. Pegu. 
W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.], 
u, v. 
S § a(^ sk. Lower Pegu {Eugene B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
Oates). 

w. 
$ ad. sk. Tenasserim, J. 0. D. Packman, Esq. 
[P.]. 
5. Siphia elegans, 
Muscicapa elegans, Temm. PL Col iii. pi. 596.fi.g. 2. 

Muscicapa cantatrix J , 
Temm. PI. Col iii. pi. 226. fig. 2. 

Niltava elegans, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264; Gray, IIand4. B. L p. 326, 

no. 4805. 

Oyornis elegans, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 373; 

Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 130; Walden, Ibis, 1877, p. 316; Briiggem. 

Abhandl nab. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 458. 

Cyornis beccariana, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 165 (nee Salvad.). 
Cyornis banyumas, Tioeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 615 ($). 


Adult male. General colour above bright blue, inclining to cobalt 
on the rump and upper tail-coverts; forehead and eyebrow distinctly 
richer blue than the rest of the head; least and median wing-
coverts bright ultramarine, contrasting with the back, the rest of the 
wing-coverts and quills blackish, externally rich blue, the margins 
to the primaries rather narrow; two centre tail-feathers rich ultramarine, 
the others blaek, externally blue; lores blackish; ring round 
the eye and ear-coverts deep blue; throat bright blue, contrasting 
with the sides of the face, and of about the same hue as the eyebrow; 
lower throat and fore neck bright orange, some of the 
feathers with a narrow edging of blue; rest of under surface of 
body white, with a fulvous tint on the flanks, which are also slightly 
shaded with blue; sides of the upper breast and edge of the wing 
rich blue, the axillaries greyish; thighs blue, with whitish edgings; 
quills dusky brown below, lighter along the edge of the inner web; 
bill black; legs lead-colour; iris chocolate. Total length 5*7 
inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-9, tail 2-3, tarsus 0*7. (Mus. Marquis 
of Tweeddale.) 

Hab. Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Palawan. 

a. $ ad. sk. W. Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
b. J ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier. 
6. Siphia tickellise. 
Muscicapa hyacintha, Tichell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 574 

Muscicapa banyumap, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xL p. 15 (nee Horsf.). 

448 OTSCICAPIDJF. 

Cyornis banyumas (nee Horsf.), Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 941; id. 
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 173 ; Jercl B. Ind. i. p. 466. 
Cyornis tickellice, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 941 ; Jerd. B. Lid. i. 

p. 467 j Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Drawings, p. 48 (1863) ; Lloyd, Ibis, 
1872, p. 197; Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 436; id. Nests and Eggs Ind. 
B. p. 212; Ball, 8. F. 1874, p. 405; Butler, 8. F. 1875, p. 468 • 
Blyth $ Wakl B. Burm. p. 103; Fairbcmh, Str. F. 1876, p. 257 * 
id. 8. F. 1877, p. 402; Hume, 8 F. 1878, p. 220. 
Niltava tickellisB, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264; id. Haad-L B. 1. p. 325, 

no. 4882. 
Cyornis elegans, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 173 {nee Temm.). • 
Cyornis jerdoni, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 371; Holdsw. F. Z. 8. 1872, 

p. 442. 
Niltava jerdoni, Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 325. 
Adult male. General colour above light blue, the least wing-

coverts rather brighter and more cobalt; forehead brighter cobalt, 

extending slightly backwards over the eye; a narrow frontal line 

and space in front of the eye blue-black; cheeks, ear-coverts, and a 

narrow line across the chin at the base of the bill dark blue, the 

ear-coverts strongly washed with lighter blue ; quills and tail-

feathers dusky brown, externally blue like the back, the two centre 

tail-feathers and the inner secondaries nearly entirely blue; entire 

throat and breast orange-rufous, the lower abdomen and under tail-

coverts white; thighs blue, as also the sides of the breast; under 

wing-coverts and axillaries orange-rufous, the edge of the wing 

blue. Total length 5-3 inches, oilmen 0-5, wing 2*9, tail 2-3, 

tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female (C. ticlcellice). Similar to the male, but paler in 

colour and distinguished by an absence of black on the chin and 

face, the frontal line and lores being dull white, the ear-coverts 

greyish blue with whitish shaft-lines. "Wing 2-6 inches, tail 2*15, 

tarsus 0*65. 

Obs. Madras, and therefore typical, specimens have been described; 
but there is considerable difference exhibited by a series of specimens, 
principally in the colouring of the xmderparts. Madras birds 
are washed with orange-rufous over nearly the whole under surface, 
and this occurs in both sexes. Ceylonese specimens, on the other 
hand, are decidedly white on the abdomen, and so are the birds 
from Hattiawar, the latter, however, being a lighter blue and generally 
paler form. Burmese specimens are very dark, like the Ceylonese, 
and have a wash of orange over the whole abdomen, in this 
resembling the Madras skins. I keep the whole of these forms under 
the heading of 8. ticlcellice; but it is impossible to overlook the fact 
that the Ceylonese and Burmese specimens, as well as those from 

N.W. India, differ a good deal from the typical form, and some of the 
Ceylon examples are scarcely to be distinguished from true S. 
banyumas. It is also a question whether C. ticlcellice, G. banyumas, 
C. sumatrensis, and C. jpliilippinensis should not all be considered as 
races of one wide-spread form. 
Hob. India and Ceylon, ranging eastwards into the Burmese 
countries. 

66. STPIIIA, 
-149 
a. d ad. sk. Madras. Sir Walter Elliot [P.]. 
5. d ad. sk.
o. $ ad. sk.
d, e. d $ ad. sk. 
Madras. Dr. Jordon [P.].
of species.) 
Madras. Br. Jerdon [P.], 
Madras. Purchased. 
(Type 
f. d acl. sk.
#. d ad. sk.
A. d* imm. sk. 
Madras. E. Nicholson, Esq. 
Mahabaleskwar hills. Colonel Sturt [P.l 
Sassowlie, Jan. 1809. Colonel Sturt LP.]. 
[P»], 

h h. d $ ad. sk. Sursye, Kattiawar, April Major Haves Lloyd [P.1 
0,1871. (6/. Ibis, J. o.) 
h w. d $ ad. sk. Oopleta, Kattiawar, Major Hayes Lloyd [P.]. 
Dec. 18,1871. 
ad. st. Behar. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.], 

p. 
Juv. sk. Darjiling. J. Eotheringham, JjJtq, 
[0,1. 
q,r. 
d2 ad.sk. Opate Forest, S.W. Cey- Capt. Vincent Legge [P.], 
Ion, April 23,1873. 

s. d ad. sk. Tanamalvilla, S.E. Cey- Capt, VincentLegge [P.1 
Ion, July 4, 1873. 
% «. c? ? ad. sk. Near Newara Eliya. Mr. E. Boate [0.1. 

v. $ ad. sk. Kandy hills. A. "Whyte, Esq. [0.]. 
w, x. d ad. sk. Ceylon. E. L. Layard, Esq. IC.]. 
y. d ad. sk. Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, Dr. J, Anderson [0.1. 
March 15, 18G8. 
«. d ad. sk. Ponsee, April 23, 1868. Dr. J. Anderson [0.]. 
a', d ad. sk. Saigon, Cochin China. M. E, Pierre [P.J 

7. Siphia banyumas. 
Muscicapa banyumas, Horsf, Tr. Linn. Soc, xiii. p. 146,* id. ZooL 

Researches in Java, pi. 
Muscicapa rufigastra, Bctffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 312. 
Muscicapa cantatrix, Temm. PI Col. Hi. pi. 220 (d only). 
Niltava banyumas, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 204; id Hand-l, B. i. p. 325, 

no. 4879; Brilggem. Abhandl. nat. Vereine Bremen, v. p. 68. 

Cyornis banyumas, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320 ; Horsf.fy Moore, Cat B, 
Mus. JE.L Co. i. p. 290; Bernst. J. f. Orti. 1859, p. 265,-Peh. 
Reis. Nowra, Voy. pp. 78, 1G1 ,* Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 117; 
Salvad. Uco. Bom. p. 130 ; Sharpe, P. Z. JS. 1875, p. 107 ; id. Ibis, 
1877, p. 18; Brilggem. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 458 j 
Tweeddak, P. Z. &1878, p. 015 (d only). 

Cyornis simplex, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 1G5 ($).* 

Adult male. General colour above uniform bine, the forehead 
brighter bine, extending backwards over the eye; ear-coverts deep 
blue; a narrow frontal line from the base of the nostrils, lores, 
feathers round the eye, chin, and fore part of cheeks black; remainder 
of under surface of body rich orange-rufous, a little paler 
and inclining to white on the abdomen; sides of upper breast and 
thighs blue; wing-coverts blue liko the back, the least and median 
series brighter blue, of about the same colour as the forehead and 
eyebrow; quills dusky brown, externally blue, the inner secondaries 

* The type of C. si?nplex is in the Leyden. Museum, where I recently examined 
it. 
450 MUSCICAPIDJE. 

entirely blue; tail-feathers dark blue, the outer ones black on the 
inner web; under wing-coverts and axillaries orange-rufous, the 
edge of the wing blue; quills dusky brown below, lighter on the 
inner web; " bill black; legs pale brownish lead-colour; iris dark 
brown" (Everett). Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0*5o, wing 3*2, 
tail 2-85, tarsus 0*65. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but distinguished by the white 
lores; "bill black; legs purplish leaden grey; iris brown" (Everett). 
Wing 2*75 inches, tail 2*35, tarsus 0*65, 

Young. Robin-like. Dusky brown, with subterminal spots of 
orange-buff to all the feathers of the upper surface; wings and tail 
'dusky, externally blue, the secondaries tipped with buff like the 
coverts; underneath orange-rufous, mottled with dusky margins to 
the feathers ; abdomen whitish. 

Hub. Malayan peninsula, Java, Borneo, Celebes. 

a. Ad. sk. Penang. A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
5. $ ad. sk. Java. Purchased. 
c. Juv. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.]. 
d. d ad.; e,f. $ acl. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.J. 
//, h. <$ ad. sk. Labuan (Low). R. 33. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
i. c? ad. sk. Labuan. Governor Ussh 
6, I. 6 $ ad. sk> Bintultu Alfred Everett 
m. <$ ad. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq, 
•M 
8. Siphia philippinensis. 
Oyornis banyumas, Von Martens, J. f. 0. I860, p. 11; Warden, Tr. 
Z. & is. p. 182. 
Oyornis philippinensis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new seiies, i. p. 32*5; 
' Tweeddale, 1\ Z. S. 1877, p. 093, et 1878, pp. 109, 284, 342. 

Adult female. General colour dull light blue, not showing perceptibly 
brighter on the rump; wings and tail blue like the back, 
the inner webs blackish, the least and median coverts brighter blue 
than the rest of the upper surface ; forehead and eyebrow scarcely 
any lighter than the rest of the head ; ear-coverts dark blue ; lores 
huffy whitish; under surface of body bright orange-rufous, rather 
paler on the throat and sides of the body ; lower breast, abdomen, 
and under tail-coverts pure white; thighs white, with dusky bases ; 
under wing-coverts and asillaries light orange-buif; "bill black; 
iris dark chocolate-brown; legs light brown " (Tweeddale). Total 
length 5 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*1, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult male. Similar to the female, but with black lores. Wing 
3*15 inches, tail 2-65, tarsus 0*7. 
Hob. Philippine Islands. 


a. [c?J ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C], 
L ? J ac^ s^«

^ Philippine Islands. Purchased. 

c. $ ad. sk. Panay. Prof. Steere [C.]. (One of 
the typical specimens.) 
d. Juv. sk. Dumaguete, Aug. 1877. Alfred'Everett, Esq. [C.]. 
e. Jad.sk. Dumaguete (A. Everett). R. B. Sharpe, Esq/[P.]. 
06. SIPITLI. 451 
9. Siphia sumatrensis. 
Adult male. Similar to S. banyumas, but having the undorparts 
entirely white, with the exception of the throat and fore nock. 
Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2*7, tail 2*35, tarsus 0*0. 

Ilab. Sumatra. 

a. $ ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased. 
10. Siphia caernleata.* 
Schwaneria cseruleata, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 54 (ex 
Temm. MS.)-, Gray, Ilcmd-l B. hi. p. 107, no. 1219"; SalviuL 
TJcc. Born. p. 134. 

Cyornis rufifrons, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p> 476 j Bh/th, Ibis, 1870, 

p. 163; Salvacl TJcc. Born. p. 131; Bruggem. Abhandl. nat. Ver. 
Bremen, v. p. 458; Sharpe, Ibis, 1878, p! 416 (pi). 
Niltava rufifrons, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4888, 


Male, not quite adult (type of O. rujifrons). General colour above 
dark ultramarine-blue, lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts; 
wing-coverts blue like the back, the least ones rather brighter than 
the others; quills dusky brown, externally margined with blue; 
some of the greater coverts tipped with rufous (remains of immature 
plumage) ; tail-feathers black, washed with blue on the outer edges; 
lores and a ring of feathers round the eye orange-rufous; chin, 
cheeks, and ear-coverts blue, with a few orange feathers intermixed 
(the remains of immature plumage); rest of under surface of body 
bright orange-rufous, paling to buffy white on the under tail-coverts, 
the flanks slightly washed with greyish blue; thighs blue; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries orange-rufous like the breast • edge of 
wing blue; quills dusky below, fulvescent along the inner web. 
Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*05, tail 2-6, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. General colour above fulvous-brown, with buffy shaftlinos 
to the feathers, more distinct on the crown; rump with a 
slight greyish-blue shade• upper tail-coverts bright blue ; tail dark 
blue, the inner webs of the feathers dusky; least wing-coverts like 
the back; remainder of the wing-coverts and quills dusky brown, 
washed with the same colour as the back, the coverts and inner 
secondaries tipped with a spot of orange -rufous; lores, feathers 
round the eye, and sides of face rufous, with buff shaft-streaks, the 
ear-coverts edged with dusky; under surface of body bright orange-
rufous, paler on the throat, the abdomen white; thighs orange, as 
also the under wing-coverts. Wing 2*7 inches, tail 2-2, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. General colour deep olive-brown, more dusky on 

* On examining the type of Schwaneria cmndeata in the Leyden Museum I 
found that it was the same as Cyornis rujifrons of "Wallace; and the supposed 
generic distinction depends upon the state of the specimen, which has the 
feathers worn away from the base of the bill. A further comparison shows mo 
that I was wrong (' Ibis/ 1878, p. 416) in uniting C. rujifrons with pale legs to 
C. beccariana with dark legs, and I have therefore readjusted the synonymy in 
the present volume. 
452 
MUSCICA.PXDJE. 

the head; the scapulars, remainder of the wing-covert3, and quills 
dark sepia-brown, margined with, olive-brown, rather rufeseent; 
upper tail-covcrts blue; tail-feathers blackish, externally bright 
blue; forehead, lores, and feathex-s round the e}Te rufous ; cheeks 
and ear-coverts dark olive-brown, washed slightly with rufous; 
under surface of body bright orange-rufous, paler on the throat, and 
inclining to huffy white on the abdomen ; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries like the back• quills dark brown below, ashy along the 
edge of the inner web. Total length 4*8 inches, culnien 0*5, wing 
2*7, tail 1*9, tarsus 0*6. 

Hob. Borneo. 
a. $ vix ad. sk.
h. J ad. sk 
Sarawak. 
Tagora, Sarawak. 
A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of 0, rujifrons.) 
Henry Everett; Esq. [0.1. 
c. $ juv. sk, Sarawak. A. E.Wallace, Esq. [C.J, 

11. Siphla beccaxiana, 
Cyornis beccariana, 
Salmd. Atti B. Accad. Torino, Hi. p. 533; id, 
Ucc. Born. p. 181; Bruggem. Abhandl. not Per. Bremen, v. 

p. 458. 
Cyornis rufifrons, Sharpe, Ibis, 1878, p. 416 (tf $ ad.). 
Adult male. General colour above bright smalt-blue; the crown 
deep ultramarine, causing the eyebrow and forehead, which are 
bright smalt-blue, to stand out in bold relief; scapulars and median 
wing-coverts ultramarine, with a slight wash of smalt-blue; the 
lesser coverts bright smalt-blue; greater coverts, primary-coverts, 
and quills black, edged with ultramarine; tail-feathers black, all 
but the outer one on each side externally bright blue, richer ultramarine 
than the wings, and not so brilliant as the back; feathers 
in front of the eye black; sides of face and ear-coverts black, washed 
with blue; under surface of body bright orange-rufous, creamy buff 
in the middle of the abdomen• thighs blue-black on the outer aspect, 

orange-buff on the inner; under wing-coverts orange ; quills dusky 
brown below, with slightly paler brown edgings to the inner web**. 
Total length 5*7 inehes, culmen 0*55, wing 2*9, tail 2*35, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 
tawny brown, duller on the head, inclining to foxy chestnut on the 
upper tail-coverts; the tail chestnut-red; wing-coverts dull brown, 
edged with tawny brown, so that they appear like the back; the 
greater coverts and the quills more narrowly edged; the innermost 
secondaries light fulvous-brown, edged with tawny, with indistinct 
cross lines of dark brown; forehead, eyebrow, and a ring round the 
eye tawny ; in front of the eye a triangular patch of dull fulvous ; 
sides of face dull ashy brown, with a faint wash of fulvous ; cheeks 
and under surface of body orange-buff, richer on the breast * the 

lower abdomen fulvescent white; under wing-coverts pale orange-
buff. Total length 5*9 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*7, tail 2:25, 
tarsus 0*55. 

Eab. Borneo. 

66. SEPEU, 453 
a, h. d ? ad. sk, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [0.1. 
c, d. (S ad. sk. Tagora, Sarawak, Henry Everett, Esq. [0.} 

12. Siphia turcosa. 
Cyornis turcosa, Brilgg. Abhandl nat. Ter. Bremen, v. p. 457. 
General colour above light blue, inclining to turquoise-blue on 
the rump and upper tail-coverts; least and median wing-eoverts 
bright cobalt, forming a conspicuous shoulder-patch; remainder of 
the wing-coverts and quills blackish, externally deep blue, the outer 
primaries entirely black • middle tail-feathers blue, the others blue 
on the outer web, black on the inner; forehead turquoise-blue, 
which extends backwards over the eye; lores black; ear-coverts 
deep blue; cheeks and entire throat and breast light orange-buff; 
rest of under surface pure white, the under tail-coverts washed with 
blue; sides of body washed with light orange-buff; thighs blue, the 
feathers tipped with white; under wing-coverts and axillaries light 
orange-buff, the edge of the wing bright blue, Total length 5*1 
inches, cnlmen 0*6, wing 2-8, tail 2*25, tarsus 0*7, 

Hal. Borneo and Malacca. 

a. Ad. sk. Lumbidan. Governor Ussher [0.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A, Bouvier. 
13. SipMa magnirostris.* 
Cyornis, spv Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 173. 
Cyornis magnirostris, Blyth, X A. S.B. xviii. p. 814, xxxix, p, 100; 
Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 469; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 371; Godwin-Austen, 

J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 100; Jlmne, Sir. F. 1876, p. 223, et 1877, 
pp. 339, 489; id. Sr Damson, Sir. F. 1878, p. 229. 
Niltava magnirostris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4890. 

Adult male. Above deep ultramarine-blue, brighter on the rump 
and upper tail-coverts; forehead and line over each eye brighter and 

* I am unacquainted with the following species:— 
SlPIIlA MANDELLII. 

Cyornis mandellii, Mme, Str. F. 1874, p. 510, et 1876, p. 396. 

Length 5'25 inches; wing 2*9, the third and fourth primaries equal, the fifth 
slightly shorter, the second 03 and the first 1*4 shorter than the longest; the 
third quill is therefore slightly longer than in typical Cyornis: tail from vent 2, 
bill at front 0*45, tarsus 0*6. 

The legs and feet were apparently very palefleshy or pinkish white; the 
upper mandible blackish brown, paling just at the tip; the lower mandible pale 
yellowish horny; the lores, a ring round the eye, and a patch at the base of the 
lower mandible white; the rictal and narial bristles black; the forehead, crown, 
occiput, cheeks, ear-coverts, and nape brown; the mantle, rump, and tipper 
tail-coverts also brown, but more and more tinged with rufous as they approach 
the latter, which are a decided rufous-brown; wings hair-brown, darkest on the 
primaries, the second of which has a barely perceptible whitish margin to the 

4:54: OTSCICAPID-2E. 
more smalt-blue: lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts black, with, a 
shade of blue on the latter; wings deep blue, the quills dusky blackish, 
edged with blue OIL the outer web ; tail-feathers deep blue, blackish 
internally; throat and breast orange, lighter on the former, the sides 
of the chest rich ultramarine ; remainder of under surface of body 
and under tail-coverts white ; sides of body and under wing-coverts 
orange-buff; thighs deep blue; "bill dusky; legs pale whitish" 
(Jerdon). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-55, -wing 3*1, tail 2*5, 
tarsus 0-7. (3fus. H. J. fflwes.) 

Adult female. General colour above olive-brown, the head and 
nape ashy brown, washed slightly with olive; sides of face and ear-
coverts ashy brown ; lores dull vrhite; round the eye a conspicuous 
ring of dull white plumes ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater 
coverts and the quills brown, externally washed with reddish olive; 
primary-coverts dusky brown, contrasting with the rest of the wing; 
upper tail-coverts rather more rufescent than the rest of the back; 
tail olivaceous, strongly washed with rufous, especially near the base 
of the feathers ; under surface light orange-buff, the chin, abdomen, 
and under tail-coverts white; thighs dusky brown; under wing-
coverts like the breast. Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 0*55, wings'
75, tail 2*3, tarsus 0*7. (2Ius. H. J. Elwes.) 

Hah. Eastern Himalayas, extending into Southern Tenasserim. 

a. S ad. sk. Native Sikhini, June 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [PA 
b, c. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
14. Biphia rufigula, 

Cyornis rufigula, Wall T. Z. S. 1868, p. 470; Walden, Tr. Z% S. vii. 

*p. 06, pi. 7. fig. 3. 
Siphia rufigula, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p.^ 372. 
Niltava rufigula, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4887. 

Adult male. General colour above uniform slaty blue, the wing-
coverts uniform with the back, with no brighter patch on the shoulder 
or upper tail-coverts; quills dusky brown, externally of the same 
colour as the back; tail-feathers blackish, washed with slaty grey 
on the margins; lores, ear-coverts, and sides of face slaty black; 
entire throat and breast rich orange-rufous, the rest of the under 
surface and under tail-coverts white; sides of body light orange-

outer web; all the secondaries, tertiaries, and their greater and median eovert3 
margined^ with pale ferruginous on their outer webs; tail hair-brown, the 
feathers tinged on their outer webs, towards the bases, with the same rufescent 
brown as the upper tail-coverts; an incli&tinct pale-brown streak runs dawn on 
either side, dividing the white patch at the base of the lower mandible from 
the white medial portion of the chin and throat; the breast, sides, and flanks 
are pale brown, more or less margined and streaked with pale rufous-buff; the 

•wing-lining and axillaries and the inner margins of the quills towards their 
bases pale rufous-buff; the abdomen, vent, and lower tail-cmerts white; the 
tail is even ; the tarsi and feet are, perhaps, slightly slenderer than in clegans; 
the bill is a great deal broader than in that species, almost exactly the same siz? 
as in ticJcellia. (Hume.) 
Hah. Sikhim. 

66. SIPHIA. 
455 

fulvous, masked -with grey; thighs blue; sides of upper breast 
bluish; under wing-coverts light fulvous, the edge of the wir^ 
slaty blue; quills ashy brown, fulvescent along the inner web 
Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*7, tail 2-25 tarsus 0-65* 

OLs. In the figure of this bird (Tr. Z. S. I o.) the artist has given 
the thighs as white instead of slaty blue, 
II,th. Celebes. 

a. £ 
cd. sk. Menado, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 
(Type of species.) 
15. Siphia nigrorufa/ 
Saxicola nigrorm% Jerd. Madr. Jmmi. x. p. 260. O&^J1} 
Muscieapa rufula, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1840, p. GO. 
Xilta^a nigrorufa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264; id. Hand-l B. i. p. 326, 

no. 4892. 
Ochromela nigivruiX Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129; id. Cat B. Mus. 

A. S. B. p. 173; Bp. Cony. i. p. 319; Ilorsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. 
Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 280; Jerd. B. Ind. i, p. 402 ; Hume, Nests and 
Eggs Lid. B. p. 207; id. 8t)\ F. 1876, p. 396; Fairb. 8tr. F. 1877* 
p. 401. 
' 
Adult male (type of species). Head, nape, and hind neck slaty 
black ; rest of upper surface of body, including the scapulars, orangelufous 
; -fling black,the quills rather browner; tail orange ; cheeks 
and entire under surface of body orange-rufous, paler and inclining 
to buffy white on the abdomen ; thighs slaty grey; under wing-
coverts pale orange; quills dusky brown below, edged with white 
along the edge of the inner web; " bill black; legs dirty reddish; 
iris hazel-brown" (Jerdon). Total length 4*7 inches, wing 24, 
tail 1-9, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Duller than the male, the head dusky brown instead 
of blackish; wings browner than in the male, the wing-coverts 
washed with orange. Total length 4*6 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 
2-3, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-8. 

Ilab. Southern India and Ceylon. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Neilgherry Mountains. Br. Jerdon [P.], (Type 
of species.) 
b. 9 ad. sk. Neilgherry Mountains, Dr. Jerdon [P.]. 
q. ? ad. sk. S. India. * R. Cole, Esq. [P.], 
16. SipMa strophiata. 
Siphia strophiata, Ilodgs. Ind. Berieiv, I p. 651; Gray, Cat Mamm. 
8fc. Nepal Coll. Ilodgs. p. 92; Blyth, J.A.8.B. xvi. p. 125; id. 
Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 171; Ilorsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mus. EI. 
Co. i. p. 293; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 479; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 
1870, p. 101; Swinh. P.Z. 8 1871, p. 381; Blyth $ Walden, B. 
Bitrm. p. 103; David # Ousted. Ois. Chine, p. 115; Hume $ Davi* 
son, Str. F. 1878, p. 232. 

Dimoipha strophiata, Ilodgs. P.Z. 8. 1845, p. 26; id. in Gray's 
Zool Misc. p. 83; Bp. Consp. I p. 319. 

456 MTJSCICAPIIX3E. 

Niltava strophiata, Gray, Gen. JB. i. p. 264; id. Eand-l. B. i. p. 326, 
no. 4900. 
Menelica strophiata, Cab. J.f. 0.1866, p. 303. 

Adult male. Above olive-brown, the feathers of the rump long 
and silky, with a subterminal bar of white; upper tail-coverts and 
two centre tail-feathers blackish, the next feather on each side with 
a white bar on the outer web, all the other feathers white for the 
basal half, blackish for the terminal half; least wing-coverts slaty 
grey, the remainder brown, edged with the same colour as the back; 
the greater coverts and secondaries rather broadly margined with 
rusty brown, the edges narrower on the primaries; a narrow frontal 
line, lores, and feathers round the eye black, succeeded by a tolerably 
broad frontal line of white, extending backwards over the fore part 
of the eye, the neighbouring part of the vertex being shaded with 
grey; sides of face, ear-coverts, and throat slaty black, succeeded by 
a jugular patch of orange-chestnut; entire breast slaty grey, the 
centre of the body and under tail-coverts whitish, the flanks olivaceous 
brown; thighs slaty grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
light ochraceous buff, those near the edge of the -wing dark slatecolour; 
quills dark brown below, whity brown along the edge of 
the inner web; " bill black; legs brown; iris dark brown " {Jerdon). 
Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*9, tail 2*2, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. As figured by Mr. Hodgson, the female has the 
sides of the face and throat grey and the gorget much paler orange-
rufous ; the breast is also much paler grey ; the white frontlet is 
also nearly obsolete. Examples answering to thi& identification are 
in the Museum, and specimens of the female bird in Colonel Godwin-
Austen's collection confirm the above determination. 

Young, Robin-like. Mottled all over with spots of ochraceous 
buff, the feathers having dusky blackish margins, the hea$ streaked 
with ochraceous; an indication of a white frontlet; under surface 
much as in adult female, but the breast mottled with ochraceous 
spots to the feathers; on the fore neck a slight appearance of orange-
rufous. 

Obs. In Hodgson's own list of his drawings in the ' Zoological 
Miscellany/ the numbers given for this species are 424, 430, 476, 

714. The three former are represented, in plate 83, as arranged in 
the typical set in the British Museum. No 714 is AntJivpes moniliger 
(plate 85, Mus. Brit.). I believe that the actual specimens 
from which the above drawings were taken are all in the Museum 
collection. 
Hab. Himalaya Mountains, ranging into Eastern China, the 
Ehasia hills, and hills of Tenasserim. 

a. <$ $ ad -st - Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.1 
b-f. S ad.; g,h. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.\ 
t, h, I, m. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J. 
n, o,p. S ad. sk. Mussoorie. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.]. 
q, r. Ad. sk. Darjiling. Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.l. 
6\ Ad. sk. Naga hills. Colonel Godwin-Austen [P.J. 

60. SIPHIA, 457 
17. Siphia ruiicauda. 
Muscicapa mficauda, Swains. Nat. Libr., Flyc. p. 251 ; Gray, Gen. B. 
i. p. 263. 
Muscicapa rubecula, Jerd. Madr, Journ. xiii. p. 171 (jiec Lath., nee 
Swains.). 
Butalis ruficauda, Blyth, J. A. S, B. xvi. p. 120. 
Cyornis aequalicauda, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xx. p. 523. 
Cyornis ruficauda, Jerdon, B. Ind. i. p. 468; Godw.-Austen, J, A. S, 

B. 1870, p. 268; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 235; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, 
p. 257 ; Hume, t. c. p. 396; Butter, Str. F. 1877, p. 228; Brooks, 
t e. p. 470. 
Niltava ruficauda, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 325, no. 4884. 


Adult female. General colour above ashy brown, shading oft' into 

buff on the rump, and thence into rufous on the upper tail-coverts ; 

tail rufous, the feathers ashy brown on the outer web, the two 

centre feathers entirely of the latter colour; wing-coverts ashy 

brown, the quills dusky, externally ashy brown like the back ; the 

greater coverts with narrow pale tips; lores and a conspicuous ring 

of feathers round the eye whitish; ear-coverts ashy brown, with 

narrow whitish shaft-lines ; cheeks and under surface of body dull 

whitish, ashy on the breast and flanks ; thighs ashy ; under wing-

and tail-coverts fulvescent; quills ashy brown below, fulvous along 

the inner web; "bill dusky; iris deep brown" {Jerdon). Total 

length 4*5 inches, oulmen 0*55, wing 3*1, tail 2*15, tarsus 0*65. 

Young. Similar to the adult, but more olivaceous, and mottled 
with pale fulvous spots, margined with blackish, the greater coverts 
externally pale orange-buff; below buffy white, the breast mottled 
with dusky edges to the feathers. 

Hob. Indian peninsula. 

a. Ad. sk. Nellore. Dr. Jerdon [P.I 
b. $ ad. sk. Himalayas. Dr. Stoliczka [P.]. 
c. Juv. sk. Himalayas. Dr. Stoliczka [P.], 
18. SipMa olivacea.* 
Cyornis olivacea, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 338 • id. fy Davison, Str. F. 
1878, p. 229. 

* The following species is unknown to me. As with the allied olive-backed 
birds of the genus Siphia, I believe it probable that it will prove to be the female 
or young of some bright-coloured male. It is very probably not a Cyornis at 
all, and may turn out to be BUmmyias peetoralis. 
SlPHIA ALB0-0MVACEA. « 

Cyornis albo-olivacea, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 488. 

Entire bill black; legs and feet white ; claws very pale horny; entire lores 
white, or greyish white; forehead, occiput, crown, cheeks, ear-coverts, entire 
mantle, a slightly rufescent olive-brown, slightly more rufescent on the rump; 
tail rufous-brown, margined with dull pale ferruginous on the outer webs; 
wings rather pale hair-brown; all the feathers but the primaries margined 
broadly on the outer webs with the colour of the back, slightly more rufescent 
on the secondaries and tertiaries, which are almost entirely of this colour; chin, 

VOL. IT. 2 H 

MIJSOICAriDJE. 

Achdt female. General colour above dull olivaceous, the head and 
nape greyer; sides of head, cheeks, and ear-coverts ashy grey, with 
lighter shaft-lines to the ear-coverts; lores dull white ; feathers 
round the eye buffy whitish ; wing-coverts and quills ashy brown, 
ed^ed with the same colour as the back, rather more fulvescent on 
the greater coverts and quills; tail dull brown, externally pale 
rufous ; under surface of body white, the fore neck, breast, and 
sides of body ashy fulvous ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, 
the ed0,e of the wing olivaceous brown. Total length 5*8 inches, 
culmen 0-5, wing 3, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*7. 

Hab. Northern Tenasserim provinces, Java, Borneo. 

a b. 5 ad. sk. East Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1 

c. § a<l-s^Sarawak, 
Borneo. Henry Everett, Esq. [C.J. 

67. DIGENEA. Type. 
Digenea, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26 D. leuconielanura. 
Antiiipes, Blyth, J- A S. B. xvi. p. 122 (1847).. D. moniliger. 

Foot of Digenea moniliger. 

Range. Himalaya Mountains, Burmese countries to Tenasserim, 
Sumatra. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Above grey, with a bright blue eyebrow and 
forehead. 
a'. Below greyish white leuconielanura <$, p. 459. 
b\ Below fawn-colour « r.. cerviniventris <$, p. 460. 

b. Above rufous or olive-brown.'' 
c'. With no white gorget, the throat being 
pale yellowish buff -leuconielanura J , p. 469. 
a*. With a distinct white gorget, surrounded 
by a line of black. 
a". 'Ear-coverts and sides of face olive moniliger, p. 460. 
b". Ear-coverts and sides of face rufous. 

a'". Forehead pale orange-buff mb?noniliger, p. 461. 
b'". Forehead rufous solitaria, p. 461. 

throat, upper breast, abdomen, vent, lower tail-coverts, wing-lining, and axillaries 
pure white; a broad greyish olivaceous pectoral band ; sides tinged with 
the same colour. Length 6*25 inches, tail 2'9, wing 3'1, bill from forehead 
straight to point 0*7, tarsus 0-65. (Hume.)

Hub. Malacca. 

67. Dmnsrm. 
4m 

1. Bigenea leiicomelanura. (Plato XIII.) 
Siphia? leucomelura, Hodgs. Icon, vied., Passeres, pi, 215 (lloth/s. 
no. 419). 

Digenea leucomelanura, IIod(ps. Icon, ined., Passeres, App. pi. 113; id. 
in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 84; id. P. Z. IS. 1845, p. 20; Gray, Cat. 
Mamm. $c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 02; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. J>\ 
plus. R I. Co. I p. 294. J 

Digenea tricolor, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 208 (Hodgs. no. 795) : 
id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26; Gray, Cat. Mamm. $c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. 

p. 92; Horsf. # Moore, Cat B. Mm. El. Co. i. p. 294; Brooks, 
Str. F. 18757 p. 277. 
Siphia leucomelanura, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 126; id. Cat. B. Mits, 

A. IS. B. p. 172; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 479; Brooks, Str. F. 1875. 
p. 235. 
Siphia tiicolor, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 126; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. 
B. p. 172; Jerd. B. lid. i. p. 478; Brooks, Str. F. 1877, p. 471. 
Diiuorpha leucomelanura, Bp. Consp. i. p. 319. 
Dimorpha tricolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 819. 
Niltava, sp., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4905. 
Nilta\ a leucomelanura, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4900. 
Siphia niinuta, Hume, Ibis, 1872, p. 110; Brooks, t. c. p. 470. 
Adult male. Above dull slaty bine, brighter and more ashy blue 
on the forehead and crown; ear-coverts dark slaty blue, a narrow 
frontal line, lores, feathers in front of and below the eye, and the 
fore part of the cheeks slaty black, shading into the dark grey of 
the ear-coverts; wing-coverts slaty blue like the back, the greater 
series blackish brown, externally washed with slaty blue, the inner 
secondaries coloured like the greater coverts, and washed with slaty 
blue in the same manner; primaries brown, edged with lighter and 
somewhat more ochraceous brown; upper tail-coverts darker than 
the back; tail black, white at the base, the two centre feathers 
entirely black; throat white; remainder of under surface of body 
ashy grey, the flanks dull greyish, the sides of the upper breast slaty 
blue, the centre of the abdomen white; under tail-coverts dusky 
blackish, with longitudinal white central streaks; thighs dusky 
greyish; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale ochraceous, with 
blackish bases to the feathers; quills ashy brown below, with light 
fulvescent edges to the inner webs; " bill dusky; feet brown ; iris 
dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length 4*6 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 
2-45, tail 2-2, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Above olive-brown, rather more rufous on the forehead, 
and inclining to fulvescent brown on the rump; upper tail-
coverts and tail chestnut, the latter browner at the tip, and having 
indistinct transverse lines under certain lights ; lesser wing-coverts 
olive-brown like the back, the median and greater series dark brown, 
edged with rufous and tipped with a light rufous spot on each; 
quills dark brown, externally edged with rufous, more broadly on 
the secondaries ; in front of the eye a dull whitish spot; sides of 
face olive-brown, darker on the ear-coverts; the feathers round the 
eye fulvescent, the cheeks and fore part of ear-coverts mottled with 
spots of ochraceous buff; throat light ochraceous brown, lighter in 

400 MTTSCICAPIDJE. 

tlio centre; breast, sides of body, and under tail-coverts light ochraceous 
brown, washed with olive on the sides of the upper breast, 
the centre of the abdomen whitish; thighs brown; under wing-
coverts and axillaries light oehraceous buff; quills sepia-brown below7 
rufescent along the edge of the inner web. Total length 4*5 inches, 
culmen 0*4, wing 2*35, tail 2, tarsus 0*7. 

Hah. Himalaya Mountains. 

a. <$ ad. sk. SiMiiin, Jan. 1874. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.l 
k P ad. sk. Sikhim, Oct. 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.J 
c,d. S $ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
e. 3 ad. &k, Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinv, ill [P.l. 
/. <j> ad. sk. Himalayas. Purchased. 
2. Digenea cervMventris. 
Siphia tricolor, Godw.-Aust. J. A. $. B. 1872, p. 142 (nee Hodys.). 
Siphia leucomelanura, Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. B. 1878, p. 15 (nee Myth). 

Similar to B. leucomelanura, but deep fawn-coloured underneath 
instead of white. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 2-2, 
tail 1-9, tarsus 0*7. 

Hah. Khasia and neighbouring ranges of hills. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Munipur hills. Colonel Godwin-Austen [P.]. 
Obs. The specimen presented by Colonel Godwin-Austen seems to 
be so different from all the Himalayan skins, that it appears to be 
a distinct species. 


3. Digenea moniliger. (Plate XIV. fig. 1.) 
DimorphaP moniliger, Ilodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26. 
Anthipes gularis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 122 ; id. IMs, I860, p. 44. 
Anthipes moniliger, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 172; Bp. Consp. 


i. p. 319; Jerd. B. Ind. I p. 477 ,* Blyth $ Wald. B. Btirm. p. 103 ; 
Hume, Sir. F. 1877, p. 113. 
Niltava moniliger, Gray) Hand-l. J?, i. p. 326, no. 4902. 


Adult. General colour above olive-brown, slightly fulvescent and 
rather inclining to rufous on the rump; least wing-coverts olive-
brown like the back, remainder of wing-coverts and quills ferruginous, 
the latter sepia-brown on the inner web, the primaries 
externally paler rufous; primary-coverts dusky brown, contrasting 
with the rufous of the wing; upper tail-coverts and tail ferruginous, 
the tail-feathers browner on the inner web ; lores and an indistinct 
eyebrow fulvous ; ear-coverts and sides of face olive-brown, the 
former with whitish shaft-lines; throat white, margined all round 
by a line of black feathers; rest of under surface of body light 
fulvous-brown, white in the centre of the abdomen, the lower flanks 
and thighs somewhat tinged with rufous ; under wing-coverts fulvous, 
the lower ones whiter ; quills dull brown below, light rufous-
buff along the inner web; " bill black; legs and claws pale fleshy; 

iris dark brown" (Jerdon). Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 0-4 
wing 2-35, tail 1*75, tarsus 0*8. 

67 . D1GENEA. 4(51 
A Darjiling specimen differs from the one describod in having an 
olive-greenish shade on the sides of the body. 
Hab. Eastern Himalayas; hills of Aracan; Naga hills; Karen 
hills in Burmah. 

a. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. \VX 
b, c. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringliam, Esq. [Q.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Darjiling. Oapt. 0. II. T. Marshall [P.], 
4. Digenea submoniliger. 
Anthipes moniliger, Hume, Sir. F. 1874, p. 475 (nee Hotlgs.). 
Anthipes submoniliger. Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 105: id. fy Davison. 
JStr. F. 1878, p. 2;i2. 

A moderately broad frontal band, the whole of the lores, a stiipe 
over the eye, and a circle of feathers ronnd the eye (this latter also 
is wanting in A. moniliger) rather pale orange buff; the entire 
upper surface a rich, somewhat rufescent olive (somewhat lighter 
and more rufescent than in A. moniliger), becoming ferruginous on 
the upper tail-coverts; the tail is deep ferruginous, brighter coloured, 
and more rusty on the margins of the feathers ; wings hair-brown, 
margins and visible portions of closed wing overlaid with a somewhat 
rufescent olivaceous tint; a satiny-white patch commencing 
at the point of the chin, and descending well upon the breast (1-35 
inch in length), something the shape of an inverted hare-bell; a very 
narrow, scarcely noticeable brown line bounds this patch on either 
side, and a narrow dark line below; the rest of the breast, sides 
and flanks, sides of the neck, cheeks, and ear-coverts olive, only 
slightly paler than the upper surface, but the cheeks and ear-coverts 
much more rufescent, and with a tinge of the colour of the lores; 
middle of abdomen, vent, and lower tail-coverts dull white; shoulder 
of the wing pale fulvous ; axillaries silky white; the bill black, 
yellowish on lower mandible; legs and feet very pale, probably in 
life fleshy white. Length 5*2 inches, wing 2*45, tail 2, tarsus 0*87, 
bill from forehead 0*6, from gape 0*61. (Hume.) 

Hab, Tenasserim. 

5. Digenea solitaria. (Plate XIV. ^.g. 2.) 
Erythrosterna solitaria, S. Midler in Van der Hoeven's Tijdschr. 1835, 
p. 351; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319. 
Anthipes solitaria, Bh/th, Ibis, 1865, p. 44. 
Muscicapa solitaria, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 323, no. 4845. 
Adult male (Singalong, Sumatra, 8. Muller; type of species). 
General colour above rufous-brown, the head a little more dusky ; 
wing-coverts dark brown, edged with rufous-brown like the back; 
quills dusky brown, with rufous margins to the outer webs, the 
secondaries edged with rufous-brown, the innermost exactly like the 
back ; upper tail-coverts deep chestnut; tail-feathers rufous-brown, 


462 MUSCICAPID^:. 

washed with chestnut on the outer webs; forehead, lores, feathers 
over the eye, sides of face, cheeks, sides of throat, and a spot at base 
of chin rufous; throat and fore neck pure white, surrounded by a 
line of black; breast rufous-ochre; centre of the breast, abdomen, and 
under tail-coverts white, washed with ochraceous brown, especially 
on the flanks and under tail-coverts : thighs ochraceous brown; 
under wing-coverts white, washed with brown; quills dusky brown 
below, more ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length o 
inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*65, tail 2-1, tarsus 0*85. (Mus. Lugd.) 

Adult female. Like the male, the head a little more rufous and 
not so dark brown. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*6, 
tail 1*95, tarsus 0*8. {Mas. Lugd.) 

Hab. Island of Sumatra. 

a. cT ad. sk. Singalong, Sumatia Leyden Museum [P.]. (One 
{S. Muller). of the typical specimens.) 
68. NILTAVA. 
Type. 
Niltava, Hodgs. Ind. "Review, i. p. 650 (1837) JS". sundara. 
Chaitaris, Hodgs. J, A. 8. B. x. p. 29 (1841) N. sundara. 
Bainopus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zoot Misc. p. 84 (1844) ... . N. grandis. 

Range. Himalaya Mountains, extending through the Burmese 
countries to Southern China and Formosa. 


Key to the Species. 
Males. 


a. Beneath orange-rufous. 
aK Throat black or blue-black sundara, p. 463. 
V. Throat washed with bright purplish blue ... . vivida, p. 464. 
b. Breast dusky greyish or cindery grey, slightly 
washed with purple. 
c'. Much larger; forehead black; crown smaltblue; 
under wing-coverts clunky, like the 
breast grandis, p. 404. 


d'. Very much smaller; forehead bright smaltblue, 
like fore part of crown; under wing-
coverts white macgrigorim, p. 461. 

Females. 

a. "With no blue spot on the side of the neck vivida, p. 464. 
b. With a spot of bright blue on the sides of the 
neck. 
a'. Smaller; with a white throat-spot. 
a". Larger; wing 3*1 inches: under wing-
coverts ochraceous buff sundara, p. 463. 
b". Smallest; wing 2*43 inches: under wing-
coverts white macgriqo, ice, p. 4f>5. 
b1. Much larger; wing 3*9 inches: throat rufous-
ochre grandis, p. 4<%j. 


68. NILTAVA. 403 
1. Mltava sundara. 
Niltava sundara, Hodgs. Lid. Bev. \. p. 650; Gray, Cat. Mamm, tyc. 
Nepal Coll. Hodgs.''p. 92; id. Gen. II i. p. 264; Bli/th, Cat. B. 
Mm. A. 8. B. p. 174; Bp. Consp. i. p. 310; llorsf. $ Moore, Cat. 

B. Mus. JE.I. Co. i. p. 288 ; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 473 ; Gray, lland~l 
B. i. p. 325, no. 4875; Godw.-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 101; 
Iliwie, Nests and Eggs Lid. B. i. p. 213; Blyth § IVald. B. Burm. 
p. 102; David $• Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 117; Hume $ Davison. Str. 
^ F. 1878, p. 231. 
Chaitaris sundara, Hodgs. Icon, hied., Passeres, App. pi. 107 (llodgs. 
no. 142); id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84• Blt/th^ J. A. S. B. xi. 
p.^ 189, xii. p. 940. 

Chaitaris sordidus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84. 
Cyanecula fastuosa, Less. Bev. Zool. 1840, p. 220. 


Adult male. General colour above blue-black; crown of head and 
nape, lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, as well as the least 
wing-coverts, rich smalt-blue, the remainder of the wing-coverts 
black, externally washed with deep blue; quills black, the secondaries 
washed with, blue on the outer web; centre tail-feathers deep 
blue, the others black, blue on the outer web; forehead, lores, feathers 
above the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and throat deep blue-black; 
on the side of the neck a line of glistening smalt-blue feathers; 
remainder of under surface of body orange-ferruginous, including 
the under wing-coverts; edge of wing blue-black, as well as the 
adjoining small coverts; thighs sooty black; " bill black; legs brown; 

iris dark brown" (Jerclon). Total length 6*5 inches, culmen 0*45, 
wing 3*1, tail 2*8, tarsus 0*85. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Olivaceous brown above, 

blightly more ashy on the head and back; primary-coverts, greater 

coverts, and quills dark brown, externally edged with dull ochre, 

the inner secondaries washed entirely with this colour ; upper tail-

coverts also washed with ochraceous; tail rufous, browner on the 

inner webs of the feathers; lores and a ring of feathers round the 

eye ochraceous buff; sides of face and ear-coverts dull ashy brown, 

with a narrow line of cobalt-blue feathers traversing the sides of the 

neck; under surface of body olivaceous ash-col our, greyish in the 

centre of the belly; on the fore neck a large spot of white ; under 

wing-coverts light ochraceous. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*45, 

wing 3-1, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*85. 

Hah. Himalaya Mountains, extending into the Burmese countries 

and Western China. 

a-e. <$ ad.; f-k. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.], 
l-o. Juv. sk, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. J. 

p. tf ad. sk. Kalsi, Feb. 6,1868 E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
(G. F.L.Marshall). 
2. Niltava vivida. 
Ovornis vivida, Swinh. Ibis, 1864, p. 363, et I860, p. 393, pi. 11; id. 
p. Z. S. 1871, p. 380; David Sf Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 116 j Hume 
§ Damson, Str. F. 1878, p. 229. 
Niltava vivida, Gray, Hand-1. B. I p. 32C, no. 4889. 


404 MUSCICAPIDiE. 

Adult male. Above deep purplish blue, inclining to brilliant 
smalt-bluo on the top of the head, lower back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts; a narrow frontal line, lores, and feathers in front of 
the eye black; ear-coverts blue-black; wing-coverts purplish blue, 
a little brighter than the back; quills black, washed externally with 
purplish blue; tail black, the feathers deep smalt-blue on the outer 
web, the two centre feathers entirely smalt-blue; under surface 
of body orange-che&tnut, excepting the throat, which is deep ultramarine 
or purplish blue ; lower flanks silky white, orange-rufous at 
tip; thighs blackish; sides of breast black, washed with purplish 
blue ; under wing-coverts orange-rufous like the breast; quills dusky 
below, greyish along the inner web ; " bill black; legs and feet 
dark brown, purplish brown, purplish plumbeous; iris deep brown" 
(Davison). Total length 5*7 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3*25, tail 2-65, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. General colour above olive-brown, with a grey 
shade on the mantle; head dull grey; wing-coverts and quills dubky 
brown, with ochraceous-olive margins; upper tail-coverts clearer 
olive; tail-feathers dark brown, externally olive; lores, base of 
forehead, and feathers round the eye deep ochraceous buff; ear-
coverts ashy olive, with fulvous shaft-lines ; throat ochraceous buff; 
the sides of the neck, breast, and sides of the body ashy olive; the 
centre of the breast washed with ochraceous buff, the under tail-
coverts entirely of the latter colour; centre of abdomen whitish ; 
thighs olive-brown; under wing-coverts ochraceous buff; quills 
sepia-brown below, ashy along the inner web. Total length 5-8 
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3*3, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*75. 

Rah. Formosa; Tenasserim Provinces. 

a. S ad. sk. Formosa, March 1866. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 
(Spec, figured, I c.) 
b. $ ad. sk Formosa, March 1860. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 
3. Mltava grandis. 
Chaitaris grandis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 189, xii. p. 940. 
Niltava grandis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264; Blyth, J. A. 8, B, xvi 

p. 424; id. Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 174; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319; 
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mm. B.I. Co. i. p. 288; Jerd. B. Ind. i. 
p. 476; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 325, no. 4877; Godto.-Austen, J. A. 
S.B. 1870, p. 101; Hume, Sir. F. 1874, p. 475; id. Wests and 
Eggs Ind. B. p. 215; Blyth § Wald. B. Bum. p. 102; Hume, Sir. 
F. 1877, p. 103; id. # Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 232. 
Bainopus irenoides, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passe?*es, pi. 211, et App, 
gl. 105 (Hodgs. no. 284); id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 84. 
Bainopus grandis. Gray, Cat. Mamm. \c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91, 

Adult male. General colour above dark purplish blue, the crown 
and nape, rump, and upper tail-coverts smalt-blue; least npper 
wing-coverts smalt-blue, the rest of the coverts and the quills 
blackish, externally washed with blue; tail-feathers purplish blue, 
all but the two centre ones internally black; forehead, lores, feathers 
above the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and entire throat and fore 

68. NILTAVA. 465 
Beck black; down the side of the neck a transverse line of bright 
smalt-blue feathers ; rest of under surface of body dusky blackish, 
somewhat shaded with purple and with more or less of an ashy hue; 
under wing-coverts also ashy blackish, the edge of the wing purplish 
blue; quills blackish below, browner along the inner web; "bill 
black; legs reddish black : iris dark brown." Total length 8 inches, 
culmen 0*7, wing 3-95, tail 3-6, tarsus 1. 

Adult female. Different from the male. Above reddish olivaceous 
brown, greyer on the head and neck; wings reddish, the quills 
internally dark brown; upper tail-coverts rufescent; tail deep 
rufous; forehead and eyebrow rufous ochre; ear-coverts dull brown, 
with ochraceous shaft-streaks ; on the sides of the neck a streak of 
bright cobalt; throat ochre; rest of under surface rufous-ochre, 
rather greyer on the abdomen, as also the under wing-coverts; 

quills dark brown, rufous along the edge of the inner web; thighs 
deep brown. Total length 7*5 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*4, tarsus 1. 

Nestling. Eufons above and below, mottled all over, like a young 
Robin or Blackbird, with spots of deep ochre, edged with black, the 
spots lighter on the head; under surface mottled with blackish 
edgings to the feathers. 

Eab. Himalaya Mountains, extending into the Burmese countries. 

a. $ ad.; b. <$ juv. st. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson. Esq. [P.]. 
c~f- d i ff-k. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.I. 
/-o. Pull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
#>. (^ juv. sk. Darjiling. Sec. of State for India [P.]. 

4. Mltava macgrigorise. 
Phoenicura macgrigorise, Burton, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 152* 
Niltava fuliginiventer, Hodgs. Ind. Bev. I p. 630. 
Ghaitaris fuliginiventer, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Basseres, App. pi. 106 


(Hodgs. no. 143). 
Leiothrix signata, M'Clell P. Z. S. 1839, p. 162. 
Chaitaris macgrigorise, Myth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 940. 
Dimorpha auricularis, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. xii. p. 940. 
Niltava macgrigorise, Gray, Gen. B.i. p. 264; id. Cat Mamm. §c. 

Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91; Blyth, J. A. S. P. xvi. pp. 124, 473; 
id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 174; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319; Horsf. fy 
Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. Co. i. p. 289; Jerd. B. Ind. I p. 474; 

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 425; no. 4876; Godw.-Austen, J. A. S. B. 
1870, p. 101; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 475; id. Nests and Eggs 
Ind. B. p. 214; Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 102; Hume $ Ban-
son, Str. F. 1878, p. 231. 

Niltava vivida, Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 475 (nee Stomlioe). 

Adult male. General colour above rich purplish blue, the forehead, 
eyebrow, rump, and upper tail-coverts veiy brilliant and rich cobalt; 
down the sides of the neck a transverse streak of bright cobalt; 
least wing-coverts purplish blue, like the back, rest of the coverts 
and quills black, edged externally with purplish blue; tail-feathers 
deep purplish blue, all but the centre feathers black on the inner 
web; lores, feathers above the eye, sides of face, and entire throat 

VOL. iv. 2 i 

466 MTTSCICAPIDJB. 

deep purple; rest of under surface of body cindery grey, slightly 
washed with purple, ashy whitish on the abdomen and under tail-
coverts; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white; quills 
blackish below, lighter along the edge of the inner web; " bill 
black; legs reddish black; iris dark brown " (Jerdo*i). Total 
length 4*6 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*45, tail 2-15, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Plain olivaceous brown above, lighter beneath, with 
the neck-patch of a light lavender-blue. 

Young. Blackish; the feathers of the upper surface spotted, and 
the breast streaked, with ochraceous buff; tail purplish blue; wings 
black, the feathers externally washed with purple; breast, abdomen, 
and under wing-coverts pure white, as in the adult. 
Bob. Himalayas, extending into the Burmese countries. 

a. S ad. si Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.], 
h, c, d, d ad. sk. Nepal. B. H, Hodgson, Esq. f P. t 
e. $ ad.; /. tf jnv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
g, h. $ J ad.; i. Juv. sk. Darjilmg. J, Fotheringhani, E^q. [P.]. 

69, CASSINIA. 

Type. 

Cassinia, Marti. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1860, p. 82 C. fraseri. 
Cf. Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 53. 

Range. Confined to Africa. 

Key to the Species* 

a. Outer tail-feathers pale orange-iufous towards the 
tip; upper surface olive-brown, washed with 
rufous; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts chestnut fraseri, p. 406. 
b, Outer tail-feathers white at the ends; upper surface 
ashy brown, with a very slight tinge of 
rufous on the rump and upper "tail-coverts ... . Jimehi, p. 467. 

e. Outer tail-feathers grey, like the rest of the tail ; 
upper surface ashy grey semipartita, p. 41*8. 
1. Cassinia fraserL 
Museicapa fraseri, Stricld. B. Z. 8. 1844, p. 101; Allen % Tkomps. 
Exped. Niger, ii. p. 491 * HartL Orn. JF.-Afr. p. 95,- Bouvier, Cat. 
Ois. Marehe §T. p. 19. 

Butalis fraseri, Bp. Oonsp. i. p. 818. 
Cassinia rubicunda, JELaril. Bev. Zool 1860, p. 82; id, J.f.O.1861 


p. 168; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 54, pi 2. %. 1 • id. Cat. Afr. B. 
p. 42, no. 398; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 189; Sharpe 8e Bouvier, 
Bull. Soe.Zool. France, 1877, p. 307, ' 
Smithornis fraseri, Gray, IIa,nd-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4869. 
Smithornis rubicimda, Gray, t. e. i. p. 324, no. 4870, 
Cassinia fraseri, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 54. 

Adult male (type of species). General colour olive-brown, somewhat 
inclining to rufous-brown, darker on the head; the lower back, 

GO, OABSINIA. 

rump, and upper tail-coverts deep orange-chestnut; wing-coverts 
darker brown, the outer webs olive-brown, with rufesccnt edges; 
quills ashy brown, externally olive-brown, with a strong shade of 
orange-rufous towards the base of the primaries, all the secondaries 
orange-rufous at the base; tail-feathers brown, the centre ones 
slightly tipped with whitish, the two next for the most part brown, 
shading off obliquely into orange-rufous on the outer web, this character 
more developed on the penultimate and still more on the 
outermost tail-feather, which is pale rufous, inclining to brown 
towards the base; sides of face olive-brown, like the head, the eareoverts 
streaked with fulvous along the shafts; under surface of 
body rich orange-rufous, the throat paler and more ashy, the feathers 
edged with orange-buff; the under wing-coverts pale fawn-colour; 
quills below ashy brown, the rufous bases to the inner webs forming 
a very conspicuous patch. Total length 7*3 inches, oulmen 0*6, 
wing 3*8, tail 3*15, tarsus 0-85. 

Hob. West Africa: Gaboon and Fernando Po to the Congo. 

a. <J ad. sk. Fernando Po. L. Eraser, Esq. [C.]. (Type 
of species.) 
K 
Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Yerreaux. (Type of Q. 
rubicwida.) 

c. Ad. sk. Gaboon (M. B. N. Walker). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
d. d ad. sk. Massabe, Congo, July 7,1876. MM. Lucan and Petit [C] . 
2, Cassinia frnscM. 

Cassinia finscM, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, pp. 53, 474, pi. 2. %. 2; id. Cat. 
Afr. B. p. 42, no. 399. 

Adult (type of species). Above ashy grey, inclining to rufous on 

the rump; quills brown, the inner web light rufous at the base, 

especially on the secondaries, the outer web of the primaries mar


gined with deep rufous; tail daik brown, the two middle feathers 

light umber-brown, tbe outer ones for the most part white, brown 

at the base, and showing a little brown on the outer web, the next 

for the most part brown, white only towards the tip, while the next 

have only a white tip; throat, cheeks, and ear-covcrts dusky grey, 

mottled with pale rufous, daiker on the latter; rest of under sur


face of body deep sienna; under wing-coverts for the most part 

pale rufous, washed here and theie with daik brown; bill black; 

feet light brown. Total length 6*8 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3-9, 

tail 3*2, tarsus 0-7. 

Eab. West Afiica, Gold Coast. 

a. Ad. sk. Fantee. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
(Type of species.) 
b 
c. Ad. sk. Fantee (Governor Ussle?-). P. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
Ad. sk. Fantte (Aubinn). P. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

2i2 

468 MusciCAPmas. 

3. Cassinia semipartita. 
Muscicapa semipartita, Bilpp. Keite Wirh. pi. 40. fig. 1; Gray, Gen. 
B. i. p. 203; Hupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 63, no. 209; JSeugl. Syst. 
Uebers. p. 31, no. 299 ; Antin. Bescr. Ucc. p. 45, 
Butalis semipartita, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318. 
Cassinia semipartita, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 433; Sharpa, Ibis, 

1870, p. 433, et 1873, p. 156. 
Platystira semipartita, Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 330, no. 4952. 


Adult. General colour above ashy grey, lighter on the lower 
back and rump; the tail uniform with the back, the shafts of the 
feathers black, the tips of the outermost narrowly white; wing-
coverts like the back, the primaries blackish, externally hoary grey, 
the inner secondaries like the back; sides of face ashy grey, like 
the head; the feathers in front of and round the eye whitish; cheeks 
and under surface of body orange-rufous, including the under wing-
coverts and axillaries; quills ashy brown below, greyish along the 
inner web; "bill blackish; feet dusky lead-colour; iris umber-
brown *> (Heuglin). Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*55, 
tail 3*25, tarsus 0*75. 

Hab. North-eastern Africa. 

a, f, Ad. sk. White Nile. Purchased. 

ADDENDA. 

^d#. Page 2. Cochoa viridis, 

b. Sternum. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
Page 30. Grraucalns melanops. 

Add as synonyms :— 

Choucari aux joues noires, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, 
pi. 8.fig. 2. 
Giaucalus melanogenys, Jacq. et Pacher. Voy. Pole Slid, texte, iii. 

p. 67. 
^a . Page 33. Graucalus javensis. 
c}d. Skeleton. Java. Purchased. 

Page 44. Edoliisoma caerulescens. 

The late Marquis of Tweeddale, shortly before his death, lent me 
his series of this species, and from this it appears that the character 
which I relied on for the distinction of the species, viz. the grey 
rump, is a sign of immaturity, and that the fully adult bird is perfectly 
black. The " Key to the Species " on p. 42 should therefore 
be modified as follows :— 

a\ Black above and below. 

a". Plumage glossy black, without any shades 

of green or purple cteruhscens $, p. 44. 
b". Reflexions of black plumage purple nigrum $, p. 45. 
c". Reflexions of black plumage green dispar $, p. 40. 

Adult female (Cebu, April 1877, A, Everett). Much lighter than 
the male, having a wash of blackish slate-colour all over the upper 
surface; the feathers of the rump and upper lail-covcrts with slaty-
grey edges• wing-coverts like the back• bastard wing, primary-
coverts, and quills deep black, the secondaries with slaty-black edges; 
tail-feathers black, the outer ones with a terminal shade of ashy 
brown; lores blackish; sides of face and under surface of body dark 
slate-colour ; " bill and legs black ; iris dark brown " (A. Everett), 
Total length 10-3 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4-9, tail 4*5, tarsus 0-9. 
(Mas, Marquis of Tweeddale.) 

ADDENDA. 

Page 49. 

For Edoliisoma timorisnsis read Eioliisoma, timorieiise. 

Page 55. Add, as an additional species:— 

15 a. Edoliisoma mindanense. 

Volvocivora mindan3ii3i3, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, part 4. 

Adult male (Zamboanga, April 1878, A. Everett; type of species). 
General colour above light slaty blue, lighter on the rump, and 
shading off much paler on the upper tail-coverts, which have hoary 
whitish edgings; wing-coverts like the back, the greater CJverts and 
the inner secondaries externally hoary grey: bastard plumes, primary-
coverts, and quills black, with slaty-grey margins and tips to 
the primaries, the secondaries with broader and lighter grey edgings; 
tail-feathers black, with a narrow edging of grey at the tip. the 
two outermost feathers with a terminal spot of grey, larger on the 
external one ; a narrow frontal band, feathers above the eye, sides 
of face, throat, and fore neck black, shading off on the client; sides 
of neck and under surface of body light slaty blue, shading off into 
paler ashy grey on the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts ; 
thighs darker slaty grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the 
breast; quills blackish below, the inner webs light grey ; u bill and 
legs black ; iris dark brown " (A. Everett). Total length 8-5 inches, 

culmen 0*85, wing 4*65, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*85. (Mas. Marquis of 

Tiveeddah.) 

Adult female (Zamboanga, April 1878). Uniform in colour, but 
differing from the male in being lighter blue-grey, paling into 
silvery grey on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, the 
edges to the greater wing-coverts and secondaries also lighter grey 
than the back; tail black, slightly tipped with ashy grey, the two 
centre feathers ashy grey, with black at the ends ; under surface of 
body light ashy grey, the vent and under tail-coverts pearly grey; 
no black on the forehead or sides of face, excepting a dusky spot ra 
front of the eye• under wing-coverts and axillaries light pearly grey, 
as also the inner lining of the quills ; " iris dark brown " (Everett). 
Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 4*5, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*85. 
(Mus. Marquis of Tweeddale.) 

Hah. Island of Mindanao, Philippine archipelago. 

Obs. The types of this species, kindly lent to me by the Marquis 
of Tweeddale, show that it is closely allied to E. morio, but that it 
differs by the characters given above, and by the uniform colour 
of the female plumage. 

Its position in the " Key " (p. 43) would be as follows :— 

a6. Under surface uniform below, the 
breast not paling off' lighter towards 
the under tail-coverts; primaries 
white on the incer web .. moriog, p. 54. 

h8 

. Under tail-coverts pale grey, the 
abdomen also gradually paler than 

ADDENDA. 471 

the breast; quills grey along tlio 
inner web, not white mindaneme, p. 470. 
Lord Tweeddale also told me, shortly before bis death, that ho had 
yet another new species oiEdoliisoma from Luzon. 

Add: ^ ao e ®5. Campophaga lugubris. 

v. Bones. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
Add: ^*a£e ^8. Campophaga neglecta. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bankasoon, British Burma, W. Davison, Esq. [0.]. 
April 29, 1877. 
Page 69. Campophaga polioptera. 

On comparing the above-mentioned female specimen of Mr. Hume's 
Volvocivora neglecta with the female of G. jpolioptera (which is not 
in very good condition, and therefore was not figured), the latter 
bird seems rather larger and lighter grey, but a larger series may 
show that the two species are identical. I compared the male bird 
of Camjpojjihaga polioptera with Mr. Hume's description of V. neglecta, 
and separated it on account of the grey wing-coverts, which is a 
strong feature in my new species. It would not be correct to describe 
the birds in the Museum as having the median and greater 
coverts black, edged with the colour of the back, as Mr. Hume's 
description implies, and therefore the two species may perhaps be 
quite distinct. 

Add: ^a&e 1* Pericrocotns speciosns. 

s. Bones. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 
j^fifr. Page 75. Pericrocotus flammeus. 
e}f. <S $ ad. sk. Mahabaleshwar hills. Colonel Sturt [P.]. 

Page 76. Pericrocotns peregrinus. 

Add:— 

y. S ad. sk. Mahabaleshwar hills. Colonel Sturt [P.]. 
25. $ ad. sk. Sambhur Lake, May 22,1873 E. B. Skarpe, Esq. [P.]. 
(JR. M. Adam). 

Page 79. Pericrocotns brevirostris. 

Add:


r. Bones. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.], 
Page 91. Lalage melanoleuca. 

As the female of this species has not yet been described, I add the 
description of a specimen in the Leyden Museum:— 
Adult female. Different from the male. Above delicate grey, the 
rump paler, the feathers being edged with grey, the upper tail


472 ADDENDA. 

coverts more broadly edged with white ; least wing-coverts like the 
back, the rest black, margined with green ; the innermost of the 
median series pure white, as well as the inner greater coverts ; the 
quills black, narrowly bordered with green; the inner secondaries, 
on the other hand, externally white, forming a long alar bar; quills 
black, margined with green, the two outermost tipped with white ; 
sides of face and under surface of body white, with grey cross bars, 
those on the fore neck small and blackish; under tail-coverts white; 
under wing-coverts and broad inner web of quills white. Total 
length 8 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4*55, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*9. (Jlu^s. 

Lugd.) 
^£ . Page 103. Lalage fiuibriata. 
/. Skeleton. Java. Purchased, 

Page 132. Insert :— 

7. Alseonax mandellii. 
Siphia rnandellii, nobis, supra} p. 453, note. 
As the concluding pages of this Addenda were being written, the 
Museum acquired, from the collection of duplicates sent home by 
Mr. Hume to England, a specimen which I have identitled as the 
Cyomis mandelli of Hume. The bird is labelled Cyornis magnirostris 
$ , but of this being a mistake there can be scarcely any 
doubt. 

The species is an Aheonace, closely allied to A. mutt at of Ceylon, 
but differing in its browner under surface, where the fulvous-brown 
colour overshadows the whole breast and flanks; whereas in A. 
muUui the breast is white, as well as the abdomen and under tail-
coverts, extending also much higher up the breast than in A. mandellii. 


Page 145. 

In the " Key to the Species/' in the description of Flatystlra peltate* 
for chin and rest of under surface of body black, read chin <fcc. 
white. 

Page 148. Add :— 

4. Platystira mentalis. 
Platystira mentalis, JBocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1879, p. 3. 
Adult male. Glossy steel-black, the chin and abdomen white; 
rump and flanks greyish; wings and tail steel-black; the outer 
tail-feathers narrowly edged and tipped with white; a supraorbital 
wattle scarlet; bill and feet black; iris dusky. Total length 5*0 
inches, culmen 0*65, wing 4*05, tail 2-55, tarsus 0*8. (Bocage.) 

Hah. Eenguela: Caconda. 

This species comes very near to P. peltata, Sundev., but appears 
to be much larger. 

ADD W D A. 
473 

Pago 151. Huscicapa grisola. 

Add:— 

<T. Skull. England. X Ray, Esq. [IV]. 
e\ Stori mm. England. ,T. Itny, Esq. [P.J. 
yW*'. Skeletons. Pureliased. 
i'. Skeleton. Purchased. 
Pago 153, add:—• 

1 a. Huscicapa finscM. 

Muscicapa (Butalis) finsclii, Bocage, Jorn. Lkb. 187i), p. 4. 

Adult female. Pale rufesccnt cinereous, the head distinctly 

btriated; tho back more rufesccnt, with more obsolete striations; 

ramp and upper tail-coverts unspotted ; lores, a superciliary streak, 

and 
a ring round the eye white ; car-coverts dusky ; under surface 

of body -white, the throat and the breast exhibiting dusky spots of 

an arrow-headed form, the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts 

slightly tinged with buff, the flanks dusky; wing-coverts and secon


dary quills dusky blackish, broadly edged with rufous-white; pri


maries and tail-leathers dusky, edged with pale rufous; bill and 

feet dusky. Total length 5-7 inches, culmeu 045, wing 3-15, tail 

2-1, tarsus 0*7. (Bocage.) 

JJab, Caconda, Benguela. 

The affinities of this species are not given by Professor Barboza 

du Bocage, but it appears as if the bird were not distantly related 

to M. grisola, 

ii. . Page 157. ICuscicapa atrieapilla. 
«. Skeleton. 
England. Purchased. 

Page 179. Pratiucola rubetra. 

Add:


p~s. Skulls. S. Germany. Pr, G wither, 

t~v. Skeletons. England. Purchased. 

w. Sternum. England. J. Ingall, Esq. [P.]* 
. ,. % Page 182. Pratincola macrorhyncha. 

a. 2 ad. sk. Jodpur, Feb. 3, 1878. A. 0. Hume, Esq. [C.]. 
The acquisition of the above-mentioned specimen shows me that 
the species is not really allied to the European AVhcatear, as its 
other name rubetraoide* would suggest. It is very different from 
all other Stonechats, and comes into the section with white throats, 
so that the synoptic table on pago 179 must bo modified as follows:— 

b. Chin and throat white, the orange-colour of the 
chest not extending to the throat. 
a\ 
Primary-coverts white, forming a speculum; 
head and upper surface of body black, wTith 
an interrupted collar round the hind neck,, insignis, p. 183. 

ADDENDA. 

ft' Primal-coverts brown or blackish, with 

narrow fulvoas or wMti*k margins. 

^'.Upper tail-coTerts fcwn^utt or buny 

white; upper surface san:Iy brown, 

broadly streaked with dart-brown cen


tres to the feathers; eyebrow buffy 

white j ear-coverts pale sandy brown, 

streaked with darker brown .......... rmermfim^% p. 1^-. 


5". Characters as in key &M&w/ew. p. luU 

c". Characters as in key s«tex; p. i 54. 

pao*e 185. Pratiacola rabieola. 

Add:— 

M< Skull3. S. Germany. IV. Onni! *r. 

0. Skeleton. England. Purra w«d. 
Page 216, 9th line from top of page, read Spot at the tip of lL*i 
innerweb of the outer tail-feathers white. 

Pa&e 310. IMpitea alhiscapa. 

Add:— ° 

/. Skeleton. Australia, PttreliiiJr*t 

Pago 327, add to Rhipidura leucothorax, m a synonym ;— 

Ehipidura episcopalis, Ramsay, IV. IJmt. Sue. X & W. v. p. -in. 

Page4u0, aid;— 

G a. Cryptolopha fiaFlgnlaris. 

Abrornis fiaYignlaris, Godic.-Au*tm} J, A. 8. B. xlvii. p. Ii* 1 1*7* 1 

Above ash-grey, purer grey on ramp, rather darker on the ttfti*l; 
wings palo umber-brown; tail ash-brown, the two oilier ft\ith»-n 
white on the inner web, the next with a narrow edging of whit**; 
lores white; ear-coverts white and prey; chin pare yMm\ MI11* 
on throat; breast, nape, flasks, and thighs greyish whh>, whiti«h 
on the breast; a very faint yellow tinge on the abdomen; und**r 
tail-coverts white; a small patch of yellow on the inner shoulder of 
the wing; bill dark above, bull*Mow. Wing 1*^1, tail I'b, Uwsis 
0-67, bill from front 0*3. (Godwin-Austen.) 

Hah. Sadiya, near Brahmakhund, bills of Eavtrra Bengal. 
This species is referred by Colonel Godwin-An&tf»n to the vicinity 
of 0. Manthosctesta, but it is much closer to Qm Mekwikq^ 

&&&. Page 407. Sisira fm§uieta* 

i. Skeleton. 
Australia. Puxcbafted. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


Abrornis, 393, 308, 406. 
Aoantbinotus, 87Acis, 
70. 
acornaus (EryLhrosterna) 


204. 
acornaus (Muscicapa), 
204, 
acornaus (Muscicapula), 

207. 
adust a (Alseonax), 129. 
adusta (Butalis), 129. 
JEgithalopsis, 268. 
jEthomyias, 271. 
affinis (Abrornis), SOS. 
affims (Ceblepyris), 39, 
afrinis(Oryptolox')ba), 398. 
affinis (Gerygone), 221. 
affims (Muscipeta), 349. 
affinis (Pericrocotus), 79. 
affinis (Plioenicornis), 79, 
81. 
affinis (Platystira), 136, 
139. 
affims" (Sylvia). 398. 
affinis (Tehitrea), 349. 
affinis (Terpsipbone^ 
349. 
africaaa (Butalis), 151. 
africana (Muscicapa),151. 
Agromyias, 140. 
albicauda (Elminia), 364. 
albieauda (Platystira), 
237. 
albicaudata (Eumyias), 
437. 
albicaudata (Hypotbymis), 
437. 
albicaudata (Muscicapa), 

437. 
albicaudata (Niltava), 
437. 
albicaudata (Stoparola), 
437. 
albicaudus (Moquinus), 
237. 
albieilla (Erytbrosterna), 
163. 
albieilla (Muscicapa), 

162. 
albicollis (Leueocerca), 

317. 
albic >llis (Muscicapa), 
160. 
albicollis (Platyrhyncbus), 
317. 
albicollis (Rhipidura), 
317,336,337. 
albifasciata (Pratincola), 

198. 
albifrons (Macboerorhynchus), 
392. 
albifrons (Miro), 235. 
albifrons (Muscicapa), 

160, 235. 
albifrons (Myiagra), 393. 
albifrons (Myioscopus), 

235. 
albifrons (Pericroeotus\ 
8Q. 

albifrons (Petroeca), 235. 
albifrons (Platystira), 

147. 
albifrons (Turclus), 235. 
albifrontata (Acantbiza), 
224. 
albifrontata (G-erygone), 
224. 
albifrontata (Pscudogerygone), 
224. 
albigula (Ebipiclura), 317. 
albigularis (Abrornis), 

402. 
albigularis (Acantbiza), 
212. 
albigularis(Cryptolopha), 
405. 
albigularis (G-ervgone), 
212. 
albigularis (PsilopuB), 
212. 
albilimbata (Bbipidura), 
315. 
albilora (Campepbaga), 
25. 
albinotata (Pceeiloclryas), 
245. 
albiscapa 
(Rbipi lura), 
309,310,311. 

albisoapulaius (Mai urns), 

297. 
albi \ entris (Abi^omis') 
405. J 
albiventris (Oeblepyris), 
39. 
albiventris (Monarchal, 
419. 
albiventris (Myiagra), 
377. 
albiventris (Pbilentoma), 
324. 
albh entris (Platysjnathus), 
377. 
albiventris (Platyrbynclius), 
377. 
albh entris (Ebipidura), 

324. 
albofasciata (Dromolan), 
198. 
albofasciata (Saxieola), 
198), 
albofrontata (Leucocprca), 
338. 
albofrontata (Bbipidura). 

338. 
albogularis (Abrornis), 
405. 
albogularis (Dimorpba). 
204. 
albogularis (Muscicapa), 
204,317. 
albogularis (Ebipidura), 

336. 
albogularis (Sylvia), 405. 
albonotata (Mcgaleste^), 
245. 
albonotata (Poecilodryas), 
245. 
albo-olivacea (Oyornis), 
457. r 
albo-olivacea (Sipbia), 
457. 
albopectus (Muscicapa), 
175. 
alboscapulatus (Malurus), 
297. 
albosuperciliaris 
(Abrornis), 
398. 

albosuperciliaris (Pratincola), 
188. 
albosuperciliaris (Sylvia), 

399. t 
albotceniata (Atnaurodiyas), 
243. 
aleeto (Drymophila), 

415. 
aleeto (Monarcha), 415. 
alexins (Elminia), 364. 
Al&eonax, 120. 
alticeps (Muscicapa), 157. 
amabilis (Malurus), 285, 

293. 
Amaurodryas, 164. 
aiuboinensis (Oampephaga), 
47. 
amboinensis (Volvoci-
Tora), 47. 
analis (Oampephaga). 58. 
analis (JEdoliisoma), 58. 
andarnanensis (Pericrocotus), 
73. 
anderssoni (Oampephaga), 
29. 
angustifrons (Graucalus), 

36. ^ 
Anthipes, 458. 
aquatica(Muscieapa),! 54. 
arborea (Pratincola), 148. 
arborea (Saxicola), 148. 
ardens (Pericroeotus), 74. 
arfakiana (Gerygone), 

220. 
arfakiana (Pseudogerygone), 
226. 
arrogans (Acanthiza), 

395. 
arrogans (Rhipidura), 

395. 
Arses, 408. 
Artamides, 8. 
Artomyias, 144. 
aruense (Edoliisoina), 52. 
aruensis (Arses), 410. 
aruensia (Monarcha),428. 
aruensis (Piezorhynchus), 

428. 
assimilis (Acanthiza), 


218. 
assimilis (Gerygone), 218. 
assimilis (Microeca), 124, 
assimilis (Muscicapa), 

124. 
assimilis (Myiagra), 124. 
assimilis (Rhipidura), 
312, 330. 
astigma (Muscicapa), 205. 
astigma (Muscicapula), 

205. 
ater (Ceblepyris), 62, 

ALPHABETIC^ INDEX. 

aterrima (Oampephaga), 

44. 
aterrima (Ceblepyris), 


44. 
atra (Muscicapa), 434. 
atra (Myiagra), 380. 
atra (Rhipidura), 316, 
atrata (Pratincola), 195, 

197. 
atricapilla (Ficedula), 

158. 
atricapilla (Hedymela), 

157. 
atricapilla (Muscicapa), 
157, 160. 
atriceps (Artamides), 16. 
atriceps (Oampephaga), 

atriceps (Ceblepyris), 16. 
atriceps (Coracina), 17. 
atriceps (Graucalus), 17. 
atriceps (Muscipeta), 361. 
atrichalybea (Muscipeta), 

362. 
atrichalybea (Tchitrea), 

362. 
atrichalybea (Terpsiphone), 
362. 
atripennis (Rhipidura), 

340. 
atrocaucla (Muscipeta), 

361. 
atrocaudatus (Tchitrea), 

361. 
atrochaljbea (Terpsiphone), 
301. 
atrogrisea (Muscicapa), 

157. 
atrovirens(Canipephaga), 

93. 
atrovirens (Lalage), 93. 
aucklandica (Acanthiza), 

218. 
aucMandica (Gerygone), 

218. 
aucldandiea (Pseudogerygone), 
218. 
aurea (Oampephaga), 108. 
aurea (Lalage), 108. 
aureola (Rhipidura), 338. 
aureola (Leucocerca), 

338. 
aureus (Ceblepyris), 108. 
auricapilla (Cryptolopha), 
395. 
auricapilla (Rhipidura), 

395. 
auricularis (Dimorpha), 

465. 
aurulenta (Oampephaga), 

australis (Miro), 235. 
australis (Pachycephalia), 
176. 
australis (Petrceea), 235. 
australis (Turdus), 235. 
avensis (Oampephaga), 

67. 
ayensis (YolvociTora), 
67, 69. 
axillaris (Graucalus), 27. 
axillaris (Monarcha), 

426. 
axillaris (Piezorhynchus), 

426. 
Azur a calotte et a collier 
noir, 275. 
azurea (Oampephaga), 

27. 
azurea (Ceblepyris), 27. 
azurea (Coehoa), 4. 
azurea (Hvpothymis), 
274,275." 
azurea (Muscicapa), 274. 
azurea (Myiagra), 274, 
275, 277. 
azurea (Xenogenys), 4. 
azureocapilla (Myiagra), 

383. 
azureus (Cyanograuoalus), 
27. 
azureus (Graucalus), 27. 
azureus (Ixus), 4. 
azureus fOrea&). 4. 
azureus (Turdus), 4. 

Bainopus, 462. 
bambusffi (Muscicapa), 

334. 
banksiana (Lalage), 100. 
banvumas (Cyornis),447, 
449, 450. 
banyumas (Muscicapa), 
447, 449. 
banyumas (Siphia), 449. 
banyumas (Xiltava), 449, 
batantse (Arses), 411. 
Batis, 133. 
beccariana (Oyornis), 
447, 452. 
beccariana (Siphia), 452. 
Becfigue, 157. 
bella (Muscicapa), 251. 
bernsteini (Monarcha), 

417. 
bernsteini (Piezorhynchus), 
417. 
bicolor (Artamides), 17bicolor 
(Oampephaga), 

17. 
bicolor (Ceblepyris), 17. 
bicolor (Grallina), 173. 

AIPHABETICiX INDEX. 

bicolor (G-rauealus), 17. 
bicolor (Megabias), 387. 
bicolor (Museipeta), 352. 
bicolor (Petroeca), 173. 
bicolor (Petroica), 173. 
bicolor (Pratincola), 195. 
bicolor (Saxicola), 195. 
bicolor (Tchitrea), 359. 
bilineata (Museicapa), 

395. 
bimaculata (Monareha), 
420. 
bimaculata (Myiolestes), 
244. 
biuiaculata(Po3cilodryas), 
bimaculatus (Monareha), 

420. 
bimaculatus (Piezorhyncbus), 
420. 
blainvillii (Erolla), 433. 
blainvillii (Euryls&mus), 

433. 
blaimillii (Peltops), 433. 
blainvillii (Platvstomus), 
433. > 
blissetti (Diaphorophyia), 
141. 
blissetti (Platystira), 141. 
bonapartii (Tchitrea), 
m. 
bonapartii (Toclopsis), 

281. 
borbonica (Motacilla), 
183. 
borbonica (Museicapa), 
302. 
borbonica (Museipeta), 
302. ^ 
borbonica (Pratincola), 
183. 
borbonica (Tchitrea), 302. 
borbonica (Terpsiphone), 
302. 
borbonicus (Platyrhynchus), 
302. 
borbonicus (Trochocercus), 
302. 
bomeensis (Campephaga), 

104. 
bomeensis (Yplvocivora), 
104. 
bourbonnensis (Museicapa), 
302. 
bouruensis (Bhipidura), 

327. 
boyeri (Campephaga), 25. 
boyeri (Grauealus), 25. 
boyeri (Ptiladela), 25, 26. 
brachyrhyncha (Bhipidura), 
316. 

brachyura (Pcecilodryas), 

243. 
braebvurus (Leucophantes), 
243. 
brehnii (Monareha), 420. 
brehmi (Piezorhynchus), 

426. 
brenchleyi (Bhipidxira), 
311. 
brevipes (Nillava), 445. 
bre\irostris (Acanthiza), 
209. 
brevkoslris (Museipeta), 
79, 81. 
brevirostris (Pardalotus), 

209. 
brevirostris (Phcenicornis), 
79. 
bre\irostris (Pericrocotus), 
79. 
brevirostris (Psilopus), 

209. 
brevirostris (Smierorms), 
209. 
browni (Malurus), 296. 
brunneicauda (Erythrosterna), 
148. 
brunneicauda (Museicapa), 
148. 
brunneicauda (Newtonia), 

148. 
brunneipectus (Pseudogerygone), 
221. 
bulgeri (Bhipidura), 309. 
burkii (Cryptolopha), 

395. 
burkii (Oulicipeta), 395, 
398. 
burkii (Sylvia), 395. 
Bulalis, 149. 
casridea (Museicapa), 274, 

275. 
cgerulea (Museipeta), 363. 
eserulea (Myiagra), 274, 
275. 
casruleata (Schwaneria), 
451. 
cseruleata (Siphia), 451. 
cseruleicapilla (Myiagra), 
383. 
ca3ruleicapillus(Malurus), 
294. 
cseruleigrisea (Campephaga), 
15. 
cseruleigriseus (Artamides), 
15. 
cjeruleigriseus (Grauealus), 
15. 
cseruleocephala 
(Museicapa), 
149, 274. 

ca&ruloocephala (Tchitrea), 
274, 281. 
Cicruloocephala (Todopsi8), 
280, 281. 
eaonuescons (Butalis), 

154. 
crorulescens (Campephaga), 
44. 
easrulescens (Oeblepyris), 

44. 
casrulescens (Edoliisoma), 
44. 
cajruloscons (Museicapa), 
154, 155. 
caonilescous (Todonais), 

282. 
CKrulescens (Volvoeivora), 
44. 
cassia (Campephaga), 26. 
cassia (Ceblepyris), 26. 
cassia (Monacha), 365. 
csesius (Graucalus), 10,26. 
culedonica(Garnpephaga), 

caleclonica (Gazzola), 10. 
caledonica (Mviagra),378, 

379. 
caledonicus (Arlarnides), 
10. 
caledonicus (Corvus), 10. 
caledonicus (Graucalus), 
10. 
callainus (Malurus), 289. 
campbelli (Nitidula), 258. 
Campephaga, 59. 
Campophaga, 59. 
Cainpochrera, 21. 
cana (Campephaga), 20, 
28. 
cana (CebVpyris), 28. 
cana (Museicapa), 28. 
canescens (Monareha), 
431. 
cantator (Abrornis), 397. 
cantator (Oulieipeta),397. 
cantator (Motacilla), 397. 
cantator (Bhipidura),397. 
cantator (Sylvia), 397. 
cantatnx (Cryptolopha), 
397. t 
cantatrix (Museicapa), 
447, 449. 
cantonensis (Pericrocotus), 
83,84. 
canuB (Ceblepyris), 89. 
oapensis (Batis), 133. 
capensis (Campephaga), 


101.^ 
capensis (Muscicapa),133. 
capensis (Pachyprora), 

134. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

capensis (Pbrynorbanipkus), 
388. 
capcnsis (Pktyrbyncbus), 

388. 
capensis (P latysteira), 133. 
capen.sis(Sinitbornis),38S. 
capito (JEopsaltria), 245, 
246. 
capito (Pcecilodryas\ 246. 
errata (Motacilla), 195. 
caprata (CEnantbe), 195. 
caprata (Pratmcola), 195, 
197. 
caprata (Saxicola), 195. 
carinafa (Drymopbila), 
430. 
carinata (Monarcba), 430. 
carinata (Muscipeta), 430. 
case manege (Muscipeta), 
360. 
cassini (Muscicapa), 156. 
Oassinia, 466. 
castanea (Diapboropbyia), 
140. 
castanea (Muscipeta), 

347. 
castanea (Platystira), 140. 
castaneum (Pmlentoma), 
366. 
castaneiceps (Cryptolopba), 
404. 
castaneiceps (Culieipeta), 

404. 
castaneiceps (Beguloides), 
404. 
castaneiceps (Syh ia), 404. 
cafetaneigularife(Mjiagra), 
384. ^ 
castaneiventris (Monarcha), 
435. 
eastaneh entris (Myiagra), 

376. m 
cas tan eirentris(Pomarea), 
435. 
castaneoceps (Abrornis), 
404. 
castaneoceps (Regulus), 
404. 
castaneoventris (Abrornis), 
404. 
caudata (Muscicapa), 351. 
cauclata (Tcbitrea), 351. 
Oeblepyris, 23. 
ceramense (Edoliisoma), 

47. 
ceramensis (Oampepbaga), 
47. 
ceramensis (Graucalus), 

47. 
cervimVentris 
(Digenea), 
460, 

ccrviniventris (Petroica), 

242. 
cervinirentris (Pceciiodryas), 
242. 
ceylonensis (Cryptolopha), 
369. 
ceylonensis (Culicicapa), 

369. 
cej lonensis (Empidotbera), 
370. 
ceylonensis (Hypotbymis), 
277. 
ceylonensis (Niltava), 440. 
cej lonensis (Platyrbyn


chus), 369. 
ceylonensis (Rbipidura\ 

369. 
Cbaitayis, 462. 
cbalceocepbala (Lalage), 
87. 
cbalybeocephala (Mnscicapa), 
415. 
cbalybeocepbala(Seisura), 

415. 
cbal Tbeocepbalus(Monareba), 
415. 
ebalybeocephalus (Piezorhyncbus), 
415. 
Cbaridbylas, 249. 
Cbasiempis, 231, 
Chatterer, Red-winged, 

59. 
Cbelidorbynx, 279. 
Ohenorhamphus, 284. 
chlt.rogaster (Acantbiza), 
220. 
chloronota (Pseudogerygone), 
229. 
cbloronotus (Acantbiza), 

229. 
cbloronotus (Gerygone), 
229, 
Cbloropeta, 272. 
Cbbucari de Eoycr, 25. 
Oboucari de Desgraz, 39, 
Choucari de la Nouvelle 

Guinee, 39. 
Oboucas de la ]S*ouvelle 
Guinee, 18. 
Cboucas de Dussumier, 

18. 
cbrysea (Abrornis), 397. 
cfoysea (Sericornis), 260. 
cbryscea (Nemura), 260, 
cbryeceus (Tarsiger), 260. 
cbrysogastra (Gerrffone), 
226. 
cbrysogastra (Pseudogerygone), 
22(x 
cbrysomela 
(Monarcba), 
427, 428. 

cbrysomela (Muscicapa), 

427. 
cbrysomelas (Arses), 427. 
cbrysomelas (Piezorbyncbus), 
427. 
cbrysophrTs (Zantbopygia), 
250. 
cbrysoschistos (Cbelido


rbynx), 279. 
ciliaris (Muscicapa). 204. 
ciliaris (Museicapula), 

204. 
cinerascens (Ceblepvris), 
^ 29. 
cinerascens(Drymopbila), 

431. 
cinerascens (Gerygone), 
213. 
cinerascens (Monarcba\ 
431. 
cinerascens (Muscicapa), 
155. 
cinerea (Campepbaga\ 
cinerea (G-erygone), 220. 
cinerea (Monarcba), 233. 
cinerea (Muscicapa), 28. 
cinerea (Pica), 10. 
cinerea (Pcecilodrvas\ 

243. 
cinerea (Fbeudogeiygone), 
220. 
cinerea (Piiipiclnra\ 

32S. 

cinereilrons (Heteromyiis), 
239. 
cmpreifruis (Pcecilodijas). 
239. 
cinereo-alba (Alseonai), 

127. 
cinereo-alba (ButaiisX 
_ 127. 
cinereo-alba (Muscicapa), 

127. 
einereocapilla (Ciyptolopha), 
369. 
einereocapilla (Culicicapa), 
370. 
einereocapilla (Myiolestes), 
370. 
einereoca villa (Bbipidura), 
$70. 
cinereola (Muscicapa), 

154. 
cinercus (Coryus), 10. 
cinereus (Graucalus), 10, 
28, 
einereus (Pericrocofrus), 

83. 
cinnamomea (Ompepbaga), 
45,# 

cinnamoraea (Ceblepyris), 
45. 
cinnamomeus (Zeoce


phus), 343. 
Clytomyias, 285. 
eoccinigastra(Museicapa)


171. 
coccinigastra (Petrceca), 
171. 
Ooohoa, 2. 
coelestis (Oyanomyias), 
278. 
ccelebtis (Hypotliymis), 
275, 278. 
collaris (Hedymela), 100. 
collaris (Muscieapa), 160. 
collaris (Platyrhynchus), 

145. 
collaris (Platystira), 146. 
collaris albifruns (Muscieapa), 
100. 
collaris atrostriata (Muscieapa), 
160. 
collaris micro rhynclia 

(Muscieapa), 160. 
comitata (AUeonax), 130% 
comitata (Butalis), 130. 
coinitata(Museicapa),130. 
comrautata (Monarcha), 

432. 
compressirostris (Leucocerca), 
338. 
compressirostris (Rhipi~ 
dura), 338. 
conemna (Collurieinela), 

31. 
concinna (Myiagra), 373, 
374. 
concreta (Campepbaga), 
12. 
concreta (Diaphoropbyia), 
142. 
concreta (Hypotliymis), 

437. 
concreta (Myiolestes), 
437. 
concreta (Myiophila),142. 
concreta (Platystira), 141, 
142, 
concreta (Stiphromyias), 

142. 
concreta (Stoparola), 437. 
concretus (Graucalus), 12. 
concretus (Muscieapa), 
437. 
conspicillafca (Gerygone), 
2a I. 
conspicillata (Micrceca), 
122, 221. 
conspicillata 
(Pseudogerygone), 
221. 

ALPHABETICAL EKDIX 

con&picuus (Myiagroides), 

387. 
Ooracina, 23. 
coronata (Todopsis), 284, 
coronatus (Malurus), 295. 
conina (Tchitrea), 362. 
corvina (Terpsiphone). 
362. 
crampes (Pratincola), 
180. 
cristata (Muscipeta), 354, 
Ot)Q. 

cristata (Tchitrea), 354, 

357. 
cristata (Terpsiphone), 
358. 
cri&tatus (Platyrhynchos), 
354. 
Crow, Black-faced, 30. 
Crow, New-Caledonian, 
10. 
Crow, New-Guinea, 18. 
Crow, Papuan, 30. 
cruentatus (Malurus), 
297. 
Crypt olopha, 393, 369. 
cucullata (Melanodryas), 
173. 
cucullata (Muscieapa), 
173. 
cucullata (Petrceca), 173. 
cucullatus (Tarsiger), 
261. 
Culicicapa, 369. 
Culicipeta, 393. 
culicivora (Acanthiza), 
220. 
culicivora (Gerygone), 
220. 
culicnQra (Pseuclogerygone), 
220. 
culicivora (Psilopus), 220. 
culminata (Lalage), 104. 
culminata (Volvocivora), 

104. 
culminatus (Ceblepyris), 
104. 
Curruca, 178. 
cyanea (Lusciola), 255. 
cyanca (Motacilla), 286. 
cyanea (Muscieapa), 145. 
cyanea (Neinura), 255. 
cyanea (Platystira), 145, 
146. 
cyanea (Sylvia), 286,292. 
cyanescens (Zeocephus), 
343. 
cyaneus (Malurus), 286, 
287. 
cyaniceps 
(Muscipeta), 
323, 

cyaniceps (Pbilentoma), 

cyaniceps (Bbipidura), 

323. 
cyanocephala (Muscieapa), 
149. 
cyanocephala (Pbilentoma), 
281. 
cyanocephala (Todopsis), 

281. 
cyanocephala (Tchitrea), 
281. 
cyanocephalus (Todus)r 
280. 
Cyanograucalus, 23. 
cyaiiomeUcr.a (Cvanoptila), 
251. 
cyanomclama (Hypotliymis), 
251. 
cyanoineltena (Niltava), 

251. 
cyanomelgena (Tchitrea), 
299. 
cyanonielscna (XunthO" 
pygia), 251. 
cyanomelana(Muscicapa), 

251. 
cyanomelanura (Cyanoptila), 
251. 
cyanomelas (Muscieapa), 

299. 
cyanomelas (Pbilentoma), 
299. 
cyanomelas (Tchitrea), 

299. 
eyanomelas (Terpsiphone), 
299. 
cyanomelas (Trochocer* 
cus), 299. 
Cyanomyias, 278. 
cyanopettus (Ghenorham* 

phus), 284. 
cyanopolia (Cyornis), 445. 
Cyanoptila, 249. 
cyanotus (Malurus), 290. 
cyanura (Ianthia), 255, 

256. 
cyanura (Lusciola), 255. 
cyanura (Motacilla), 255. 
cvanura (Nemura), 255, 
256. 
cyanura (CEnanthe), 255. 
cyanura (Sylvia), 255. 
cyanurus (Motacilla),255. 
cyanurus (Tarsiger), 255. 
Cjrtes, 59. 
Cyornis, 441, 453. 
deserti (Muscieapa), 316. 
desgrazii (Oampephaga), 

39. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

dcsgrazii (Grauealus), 39. 
desmaresti (Platyrhynchus), 
146. 
desmaresti (Platystira), 

140. 
diademafcus (Monarclia), 
419. 
diadematus (Piezorhynchus), 
419. 
Diaphorophyia, 140. 
dibapha (Muscicapa), 108. 
dibaphiis (Turdus), 108. 
diehroa (Monarclia), 421. 
dichrous (Monarclia), 421. 
dichrous (Piezorhynehus), 

421. 
dieffenbachii (Miro), 176. 
dieffenbachii (Myiomoira), 
176. 
dieffenbachii (Petrceca), 

176. 
dieffenbachii (Petroica), 
176. 
Digenea, 438. 
diluta (Rhipidura), 332. 
dimidiata (Ghasiempis), 
232. 
dimidiata (Monarcha), 
232. 
dimidiata (Monarches), 
232. 
Dimorplia, 441. 
dispar (Edoliisoma), 46. 
dobsoni (Artamides), 20. 
dobsoni (Grauealus), 20. 
domimca (Lalage), 95. 
dominica (Turdus), 95. 
dorsalis (Malurus), 296. 
dorsalis (Sylvia), 296. 
draschi (Rectes), 50. 
dryas (Rhipidura), 322. 
Drymophile de Rouk, 
238. 
dubia (Tanagra), 59. 
dubius (Turdus), 407. 
duchaillui (Muscipeta), 
354. 
duchaillui (Tchitrea), • 
354. 
duchaillui (Terpsiphone), 
354. 
dumetoria (Erythromyias), 
199. 
dumetoria (Saxicola), 

199. 
dumetoria (Xanthopygia), 
199. 
dussumieri (Campephaga), 
19. 
dussumieri 
(Grauealus), 
18, 

Echenilleur a ventre roux, 

106. 
Echenilleur a calotte 
grise, 50. 
Echenilleur de Mareseot, 

45. 
Echenilleur gris, 26. 
Echenilleur jaune, 62. 
Echenilleur noir, 62. 
Echenilleur oranga, 108. 
Edoliisoma, 42. 
elegans (Gyornis), 446, 
447, 4-18. 
elegans (Malurus), 291. 
elegans (Muscicapa), 447. 
elegans (Niltava), 4*7. 
elegans (Pericrocotus),73. 
elegans (Phoenieomis), 73. 
elegans (Siphia), 447. 
elegantula (Rhipidura), 

319. 
Elminia, 363. 
Empidivora, 267. 
Ernpidothera, 369. 
enaclo (Muscicapa), 409. 
episcopalis (Rhipidura), 
314. 
epulata (Alseonax), 131. 
epulata (Butalis), 131. 
epulata (Muscicapa), 131. 
Erolla, 433. 
Brucivora, S6. 
erythaca (Erythrosterna), 
201. 
erythaca (]NTiltava), 201. 
erythaca (Siphia), 201, 
203. 
Erj throcercus, 298. 
erythrogaster (Muscicapa), 
168. 
erythrogaster (Petroica), 
168, 170. 
erythrogaster (Sylvia), 

165. 
Erythromyias, 199. 
erythronota ^Rhipidura), 
337. 
erythrops (Myiagra), 383. 
erythroptera (Terpsiphone), 
357. 
erythropygia (Phcenicornis), 
85. 
erythropygia (Saxdcola), 

195. 
erythropygius (Pericrocotus), 
185. 
Erythrosterna, 150. 
erythrura (Siphia), 201. 
Eumyias, 435. 
euryura (Leucocerca), 

342. 
euryura (Xeomyias), 342. 
euryura (Rhipidura), 342. 
eisul (Perierocotus), 76. 
exul (Perierocotus), 76. 

fantisiensis (Alseonax), 

131. 
fasciata (Goracina\ IS. 
fisciatus (Grauealus), 12. 
fascinans (Lo\ia), 123. 
fascinans (Microeea), 123, 
124. 
fascinans (Myiagra), 123. 
fastuosa (Cyanecula), 463. 
ferrea (Oreicola), 203, 
266. 
ferrea (Pratincola), 266. 
ferrea (Rubecola), 266. 
ferrea (Saxicola). 266. 
ferreti (Muscipeta), 354. 
ferreti (Tchitrea), o54. 
ferreti (Terpsiphone),354. 
ferruginea (Bat alls), 122. 
ferruginea (Ileiudchelidon), 
122. 
ferruginea (Schetba), 101. 
ferrugineus (Alseonax), 

122. 
ferrugineus (Hemiehelidon). 
122. 

ferrugineus (Laniu-^j 101. 

ferrugineus (CLvnotiih), 

10L 102. 
ferrida (Motacilla), 180. 
fervida (OEnanthe), 180. 
fervida (Pratincola), ISO. 
fervida (Sylvia), 180. 
Ficedula, 150. 
ficedula (Motaeilla), 157. 
ficedula (Syhia), 157. 
fimbriata (Caiiipephaga). 

65,103. 
fimbriata (Ceblepyris), 

103, 104. 
fimbriata (Lalage), 103. 
fimbriata (Volvoeh ora), 

65,103,104. 
fimbriatus (Ceblepyris), 

89. 
Finch, Gold, 157. 
finschi (Cassinia), 467. 
Fitert, 191. 
flabellifera (Muscicapa), 
308. 
flabellifera (Rhipidura), 
308, 310. 
flabeliiforme (Rhipidura), 

309. 
flagrans (Perierocotus), 
78. 
flammea (Acis), 75. 
flammea (Muscicapa), 74, 
75,70. 
flammea (Muscipeta), 75. 
flammeus (Pericrocotus), 
75,76. 
flammeus (Phoenicornis), 

73. 
flammifer (Pericrocotus), 

74. 
flammulata (Megabias), 

387. 
flammulatus (Megabias), 

387. 
flava (Campephaga), 02. 
flaveola (Gerygone), 214. 
flavescens (Pardalotus), 

210. 
flavescens (Smicrornis), 

210. 
flavicla (Gerygone), 230. 
flavigaster (Microeca), 

120. 
flavigaster (Muscicapa), 
12(5. 
flavigaster (Myiagra), 
12(1 
flavigastra (Hyliota),248. 
flavigastra (Muscicapa), 

248. 
flavilateralis (Pseudogerygone), 
222. 
flavipes (Alseonax), 132. 
fiavipes (Myiagra), 143. 
flaviventer(Machserirbynebus), 
390. 
flaA iventer (My ia gra), 

390. 
flaviventris (Abrornis), 


402. 
flaviventris (Acanthiza), 


218. 
flaviventris (G-erygone), 


218. 
flaviventris (Machaerirbyncbus), 
390. 
flaviventris (Muscipeta), 


359. 
flaviventris (Tebitrea), 

359. 
flavolateralis (Acantbiza), 

222. 
flavolateralis (Gerygone), 

222. 
flavo-olivacea (Erytbaca), 

259. 
flavo-olivacea (Iantbia), 

259. 
flavo-olivacea (ISTemura), 

259. 
flavovirescens (Microeca), 

125. 
TOL. IV. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

flavovirescens (Muscicapa), 
125. 
iloris (Artamides), 14. 
Flycatcher, Ash-coloured, 

28. 
Flycatcher, Azure, 274. 
Flycatcher, Bourbon, 302. 
Flycatcher, Cape, 190. 
Flycatcher, Collared, 145. 
Flycatcher, Crested Senegal, 
354. 
Flycatcher, Crimson-bellied, 
171. 
Flycatcher, Dun, 120. 
Flycatcher, Dusky, 5. 
Flycatcher, Rufous'
fronted, 319. 
Flycatcher, Fan-tailed, 

308. 
Flycatcher, Flammeous, 

75. 
Flycatcher, Duteous, 434. 
Flycatcher, Mutable, 351. 
Flycatcher, Naevous, 109. 
Flycatcher, Red-bellied, 

168. 
Flycatcher, Sandwich, 


232. 
Flycatcher, Scarlet-
breasted, 165. 
Flycatcher, Senegal, 135. 
Flycatcher, Society, 434. 
Flycatcher, Spotted-
winged, 232. 
Flycatcher, Velvet-
headed, 359. 
forsteri (Petroeca), 176. 
forsteri (Petroica), 176. 
forsterorum (Miro), 176. 
fortis (Artamicles), 18. 
fortis (Graucalus), 18. 
fraseri (Butalis), 466. 
fraseri (Cassinia), 466. 
fraseri (Muscicapa), 466. 
fraseri (Smithornis), 466. 
frater (Monarcha), 431. 
fraterculus (Pericrocotus), 

73. 
frenata (Campephaga),29. 
frenatus (Graucalus), 29. 
frontata (Gerygone), 224. 
fruticeti (Saxicola), 186. 
Frutkieola, 178. 
fruticola (Saxicola), 195. 
fulgida(Campophaga),_63. 
fuligini venter (Chaitaris), 
465. 
fuliginiventer (ISTiltava), 

465. 
fuliginosa (Artonryias), 

144. 

fuliginosa (Ilomioholidon), 
120,153. 
fuliginosa (Muscicapa), 
144, 316. 
fuliginosa (Nymphceus), 

253. 
fuliginosa (Phocnicura), 

253. 
fuliginosa (Rbipidura), 

316. 
fuliginosa (Rhyacornis), 

253. 
fuliginosa (Ruticilla), 253. 
fuliginosa (Xanthopygia), 

253. 
fulvifacies( Abrornis), 406. 
fulvifacies (Cryptolopha), 

400. l 
fulviventer (Cryptolopha), 
397. 
fulviventris (Monarcba), 

432. 
fumosa (Rbipidura), 325. 
fusca (Acanthiza), 223. 
f usca (Gerygone), 223. 
fusca (Pseudogerygone), 

fuscedula (Muscicapa), 

120. 
fuscescens (Rbipidura), 

315. 
fuscicapilla (Muscicapa), 

157. 
fuscoventris (Loucocerca), 

317. 
fuscoventris (Rbipidura), 
317, 335. 
fusoula (Muscicapa), 129. 
fuscus (Psilopus), 223. 

gaimardi (Muscipeta), 

352. 
gaimardi (Tebitrea), 


352. 
galeata (Myiagra), 385. 
Gerygone, 211. 
glauca (Myiagra), 284. 
Glaucomyias, 435. 
Gobe-moucbe, 141. 
Gobe-mouche a bandeau 
blanc du Senegal, 135. 
Gobe-mouche a collier 
du Senegal, 145. 
G-obe-mouche a gorge 
jaune de l'isle de Lucon, 

149. 
Gobe-mouche a gorge 
rousse du Senegal, 145. 
G obe-mouche a longue 
queue blanc de Madagascar, 
351. 
2K 

Gobe-moucho a- longno 
queue tie Madagascar, 
3:>i. 

Gobc-moucho a longue 
quo no ot a ventre blanc 
de Madagascar, 351. 

Gobo-mouebo a lunette*, 

Gobo-moucho a poitrine 
noire clu Senegal, 134. 
Gobo-mouebe a poitrine 

rousso clu Senegal, 

134. 
Gobe-mouche a tele bleuatre 
cle l'isle do Lucon, 

149. 
Gobe-mouche a tefce bleue 
cle l'isle cle Luc;on, 149. 
Gobe-mouclio cle l'isle cle 
Franco, 129, 
Gobe-mouche clu Cap de 
Bonne Esperance, 133. 
Gobe-mouche etoile, 261. 
Gobe-mouche hupe* de 

l'isle cle Bourbon, 302. 
Gobe-mouche hupe" cle S£negal, 
354. 
Gobe-mouche mantel!, 

299. 
Gobe-mouche noir, 57. 
Gobe-mouche noir cle 
Lorraine, 157. 
Gobe-mouche print, 138, 
Gobe-mouche Tchitrec, 

357. 
Gobe-mouche yarie a 
longue queue cle Madagascar* 
351. 

Gobe-mouche verdin, 

126. 
Gobe-mouehes bleu des 
Philippines, 274. 
Gobe-mouehes blanc hupe 
clu Cap de Bonne Esperanee, 
346. 

Gobe-mouehes 
mi^nard, 
2(57. 
Gobe-mouehes Tchitrecbe* 
blanc, 346. 
Gobe-mouehes Tchitree-
U roux, 346. 
gotleffroyi (Monarcha), 

432. 
goodenovii (Muscicapa), 
171. 
gooclenoTii (Petrceca), 
171,172. 
goodenovii (Petroica), 

171. 
goramensis (Myiagra), 
386. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

goulcli (Monarcha), 419. 
gouldi (Piezorhynchus), 

419. 
grammiceps (Oryptolopha), 
404— 
grammiceps (Muscicapa), 

404. 
grammiceps (Pycnosphrys), 
404. 
grammiceps (Sylvia), 404. 
grandis (Bainopus), 464. 
granclis (Chaitaris), 464. 
grandis (Niltava), 464. 
Grand Traquet, 179. 
Graucalus, 23. 
grayi (Chenorhamphus), 

284. 
grayi (Edoliisoma), 57. 
grayi (Tohifcrea), 284. 
Grignet, 268. 
grisea (Campephaga), 28. 
grisea (Oeblepyris), 28. 
grisea (Myiagra), 374. 
griseicauda (Rhipidura), 
318. 
griseigularis (Pericrocotus), 
83. 
griseisticta (Muscicapa), 

153. 
griseofrons (Abrornis), 
402. 
griseofrons (Sylvia), 402. 
griseogularis (Monarcha), 
422. 
griseosticta (Butalis), 
153. 
griseosticta (Hemichelidon), 
153. 
grisola (Butalis), 151. 
grisola (Muscicapa), 150, 

151. 
grisola, yar. dauurica 
(Muscicapa), 127. 
Grosbeak, Fascinating, 

123. 
gularis (Anthipes), 460. 
gularis (Butalis), 251. 
gularis (Muscicapa), 
251. 
gularis (Rhipidura), 329. 
guttata (Monarcha), 422. 
guttata (Rhipidura), 328. 
guttula (Monarcha), 422. 
guttula (Muscicapa), 422. 
guttulatus (Monarcha), 
422. 
guttulatus 
(Piezorhynchus), 
422. 

hartlaubi (Campophaga), 

hartlaubi (Lanicterus), 

762. 
Hedymela, 150. 
helianthea (Culicicapa), 
370. 
helianthea (Muscicapa), 
370. 
helianthea (Myialestes), 
370. 
helianthea (Xantholestes), 
370. 
Hemichelidon, 120. 
hemileucura (Muscicapa), 

204. 
hemileucura (Mnseicapula), 
204. 
hemprichii (Pratincola), 

193. 
hemprichii (Saxicola), 
193. 
Heteromyias, 239. 
hodgsoni" (Abrornis), 406. 
hodgsoni (Oryptolopha), 
406. 
hodgsoni (Hemura), 258. 
hodgsoni (Niltava), 258. 
hodgsoni (Nitidula), 
258. 
hodgsoni (Poliomyias), 
203. 
hodgsoni (Prosorinia), 3. 
hodgsoni (Siphia), 203. 
hodgsoni (Tarsiger), 258. 
hodgsonia (Ticieilia), 
406. 
holosericea (Muscipeta), 
352. 
holosericea (Tchitrea), 
352. 
humeralis (Campephaga), 
92. 
humeralis (Oeblepyris), 
92. 
humeralis (Erucivora), 
92. 
humeralis (Lalage), 92. 
hurneraloides (Pycnonotus), 
95. 
hyacintha (Niltaya), 443. 
hyacintha (Siphia), 447. 
hyacinthina (Cyornis), 

443. 
hyacinthina (Muscicapa), 
443. 
hyacinthina (Kiltava), 
443. 
hyacinthina (Siphia), 443. 
Hyliota, 247. 
hylocharis (Butalis), 251. 
hylocharis (Muscicapa), 
201, 250. 

hylocharis (Xanthopygia), 
251. 
hyperythra (Erythrosterna), 
163. 
hyperytlira (Ianthia), 

257. 
hyperythra (Menetica), 
163. 
hyperythra (Muscicapa), 
163,206. 
hyperythra (Muscicapiila), 
206. 
hyperytlira (Nemura), 

257. 
hyperytlira (Niltava), 
163. 
hyperytlira (Bhipidura), 
33S. 
hyperytlira (Siphia), 163. 
hyperythrus (Tarsiger), 

257. 
hypogramrnica (Butalis), 
153. 
hypograrnmica (Muscioapa), 
153. 
hypoleuca (Campephaga), 

36. 
hypoleuca (Petroica), 
244. 
hypoleuca (Pcecilodryas), 
244. 
hypoleueus (Graucalus), 
36. 
hypoleueus (Malurus), 
293. 
Hypothymis, 273. 
hypoxantha (Chelidorhynx), 
279. 
hypoxantha (Gerygone), 

215. 
hypoxantha (Leueophantes), 
247. 
hypoxantha (Bhipidura), 

279. 
Hypsipus, 237. 
Ianthia, 254. 
icterina (Chloropeta), 

273. 
igata (Acanthiza), 218. 
igata (Curruca), 218. 
igata (Grerygone), 218. 
igata (Pseudogerygone), 
218. 
ignatii (Ceblepyris), 60. 
igneus (Pericrocotus), 78. 
immodestus (Pericrocotus), 
83. 
incerta (Campephaga), 52. 
inoertum, (.Edoliisoma), 

52. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

inch (Museipeta), 350. 
inch (Tchitrea), 350. 
indica (Museipeta), 347. 
inclica (Pratinoola), 188. 
indica (Saxicola), 188. 
indica (Sylvia), 259. 
indicus (Tarsiger), 259. 
indigo (Hypothymis), 

436. 
indigo (Muscicapa), 436. 
indigo (Niltava), 436. 
indigo (Stoparola), 436. 
infelix (Monarcha), 426. 
infelix (Piezorhynchus), 
426. 
infumata (Leucocerca), 
333. 
infuscata (Butalis), 144. 
infuscata (Muscicapa), 
144, 445. 
innexa (Niltava), 206. 
innexa (Siphia), 206. 
inornata (Acanthiza), 213. 
inornata (Grerygone), 213. 
inornata (Monarcha), 


430, 431. 
inornata (Muscicapa), 


431. 
inquieta (Sisura), 407. 
inquietus (Seisura), 407. 
inquietus (Turdua), 407. 
insignis(Clytomyias), 285. 
insignis (Pratincola), 183. 
insignis (Saxicola), 183. 
insperata (Lalage), 103. 
insperata (Volvocivora), 
103. 
insularis (Arses), 412. 
insularis (Monarcha), 
412. 
intermedia (Oampophaga), 
m, 67. 
intermedia (Yolvociyora), 


. 66\ 
irenoides (Bainopus), 

464. 
isura (Ehipidura), 329. 
jamesoni (Pratincola), 

182. 
jardinii (Campephaga), 
55. 
jardinii (Ceblepyris), 55, 
jardinii (Graucalus), 55. 
javanica (Leucocerca), 
333, 334. 
javanica (Bhipidura), 

332. 
javensis (Campephaga), 
33. 
javensis (Ceblepyris), 33. 
javensis (Coracma), 33. 
javensis (Graucalus), 83. 
jerdoni (Abrornis), 399. 
jerdoni (Cyornis), 448. 
jerdoni (Niltava), 448. 
jerdoni (Oreicola), 464. 
jordoni (Saxicola), 264. 
joulaimus (Synornis). 

162. 
karu (Campephaga), 106. 
karu (Ceblepyris), 106, 
karu (Lalage), 106. 
karu (Lanius), 106. 
karu (Notoclela), 106, 
kaupi (Arses), 411. 
kaupi (Monarcha), 411. 
kaupi (Orphryzone), 411. 
kinki (Muscicapa), 28. 
kleinschmidti (Petrceca). 

168. 
kordensis (Monarcha), 
427. 
kordensis (Piezorhynchus), 
427. 
kordensis (Bhipidura), 

330. 
kubarii (Bhipidura), 314. 
labrosa (Campephaga), 

labrosa (Museipeta), 62. 
labrosus (Lanicterus), 62. 
laeta (Microeca), 126. 
lsevigastra (Acanthiza), 

224. 
lsevigastra (Grerygone), 
lsevigastra (Pseudogerygone), 
224. 
lagunensis (Campephaga), 

lagunensis (Graucalus), 

18. 
lais (Muscicapa), 161. 
Lalage, 8Q. 
lamberti (Malurus), 292, 
Lanicterus, 59. 
Lanioturdus, 237. 
lapis (Museipeta), 438. 
larvata (Campephaga), 
larvata (Ceblepyris), 11. 
larvatus (Artamides), 11. 
larvatus (Graucalus), 11. 
lathami (Muscicapa), 

170. 
laticauda (Leucocerca), 
339. 
laticauda (Sauloprocta), 
340. 
2K2 

48-1 

laticauda (Bhipidura,), 

340. 
latirostris (Alseonax), 
127. 
latirostris (Butalis), 127. 
latirostris (Hemiehcliclon), 
127. 
latirostris (Muscicapa), 

127. 
latirostris (Mj iagra), 
381. 
layardi (Graucalus), 34, 
lajardi (Parisoma), 270. 

layardi (Bhipidura), 33(1 

leggii (Potroeca), 164,165, 

168. 
lepida (Bhipidura), 322. 
lessoni (Leucocerca), 233. 
lessoni (Monarcha), 233. 
lessoni (Museylva), 233. 
lessoni (Bhipidura), 233. 
Leucocerca, 303. 
leucocyanea (Diinorpha), 
206. 
leucogaster (Leucocerca), 
335. 
leucogaster (Muscipeta). 
335, 347. 
leucogaster (Tcliitrea), 

347. 
leucogastra (Myiagra), 
373. 
loucomela (Oampephaga), 
106. 
leucoraela (Oeblepyris), 
106. 
leucomela (Lalage), 106. 
leucomelaaia (Lalage), 
106. 
leucomelanura (Digenea), 
459. 
leucomelanura (Dimorpha), 
459. 
leucomelanura (Niltara), 

459. 
leucomelanura (Siphia), 
459. 
leueoroelura (Siphia), 
459. 
leuoonotus (Malurus), 
291. 
leucophsea (Lalage), 87, 
94. 
leucophoea (Microeea), 
123. 
Loucophantes, 240. 
leucophrys (Zanthopygia), 
250. 
leucops (Leucophantes), 

245. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

leucops (Pcecilodryas), 

245. 
leucoptera (Oampephaga), 
"• 
leucoptera (Lalage), 99. 
leueopterus (Arnytis), 

290. 
leueopterus (Malurus), 
290. 
leueopterus (Parus), 198. 
leucopygia (Oampephaga), 
109. 
leucopj gia]is (Agromyias), 
140.t 
leucopygialis (Oampephaga), 
98. 
leucopygialis (Diaphorophyia), 
140. 
leucopygialis (Lalage), 

98. 
leucopygialis (Platystira), 
140. 
leucopygius (Oampephaga), 
33. 
leucopygius (Graucalus), 

33. 
leucopygius (Symmorphus), 
86, 109. 
leueorrhoa (Sylvia), 404. 
leucosehista (Muscicapa), 

207. 
leucosehista (Muscicapula), 
207. 
leucothorax (Eliipidura), 

327. 
leucotis (Monarcha), 
leucotis (Piezorhynchus), 

423. 
leueura (Erythrosterna), 
162. 
leueura (Monarcha), 425. 
leueura (Motaeilla), 162. 
leueura (Muscicapa), 162. 
leueura (Pratincola), 194. 
leueura (Sjnomis) 162. 
leuourus (Muscicapa), 
163. 
leucuinis(Piezorhynchus), 
425. ^ 3 
levaillantii (Oampephaga), 
26. 
levaillantii (Oeblepyris), 
_ 26. 
lineata (Oampephaga), 

40. 
lineata (Oeblepyris), 40. 
lineatus (Graucalus), 18, 
40. 
Hneoventris (Phcenicura), 
253. 
Lioptilus, 262. 
livingstonii (Erythrocer


cus), 298. 
lobata (Oampephaga), 58. 
lobata (Platystira), 146. 
lobatus (Ceblep)ris), 58. 
lobatus (Laniofcerus), 58. 
lobatus (Lobotus), 58. 
Lobotus, 58. 
longicauda (Elrninia), 

363. 
longicauda (Myiagra), 
363. 
longicauda (Bhipidura), 
333. 
longicauda minor (Elminia), 
364. 
longicaudata (Oampephaga). 
109. 
longicaudus (Malurus), 

287. 
longipes (Miro), 235. 
longipes (Muscicapa), 
235. 
longipes (Myioseopus), 
235. 
longipes (Petrceca), 235. 
longipes (Platystira), 
267. 
loricata (Monarcha), 
425. 
loricitus (Monarcha), 
425. 
loricatus (Piezorhynchus), 
425. 
lucid a (Myiagra), 415. 
lucidus (Piezorhynchus), 


415. 
luctuosa (Emberiza), 159. 
luctuosa (Muscicapa), 
157. 
luctuosa (Oreicola), 265. 
luctuosa (Saxicola), 265. 
luctuosus (Oeblepyris), 
ho. 

lugens (Butalis), 155. 
lugens (Muscicapa), 155. 
lugubris (Oampephaga), 

i5o, 67. 

lugubris (Campophaga), 

65. 
lugubris (Oeblepyris), 
65. 
lugubris (Volvocivora), 
6o. 

lutea (Muscicapa), 434. 
luteola (Erythrosterna), 

201. 
luteola (Motaeilla), 201. 
luteola (Muscicapa), 201. 
luteola (Poliomyias), 201. 
luzonionais (Musoicapa), 

maccalli (Erythrocercus), 

21)8. 
maccalli (Muscicapa),29S. 
maccalli (Pyenoaphrys), 

macgrigorioa (Chaitaris), 

465. 
macgrigorioo (Niltava), 
465. 
macgrigoriffi(Phoenicura), 
405. 
Maehanirhynehus, 390. 
Machierorhynchus, 390. 
Macheirhamphus, 390. 
macii (Oampepliaga), 34. 
macii (Graucalus), 34. 
macrocephala(Miro), 176. 
macrocephala (Musoicapa), 
176. 
macrocephala (Myiomoira), 
176. 
macrocephala (Petroeca), 

170. 
macrocephala (Petroica), 
170. 
macrocephala (Bhipidura), 
176. 
macrocephalus (Parus), 

176. 
macroptera (Microeca), 
123. 
macroptera (Myiagra), 
123. 
macrorhyncha (Pi*atmcola) 
i82. 
macro ura (Muscicapa), 

149. 
maculata (Eopsalfcria), 
232. 
maculata (Erythrosterna), 
207. 
maculata (Muscicapa), 
157, 207. 
maculata (Muscicapula), 

207. 
maculipectus (Rhipidura), 
326. 
maculipennis (Rhipidura), 
326. 
maculosa (Oampephaga), 

97. 
maculosa (Colluricincla), 
97. 
maculosa (Lalage), 97. 
maculosus (Graucalus), 
65. 
madagascariensis (Muscicapa), 
149. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

maforensis (Campophaga), 
41. 
maforcusis (G cry gone), 

228. 
maforensis (Graucalus), 
41. 
maforensis (Pseudogerygone), 
228. 
magnirostris (Acanthiza), 

222. 
magnirostris(Artamides), 
16. 
magnirosiris (Oampephaga), 
16. 
magnirostris (Ooracina), 

16. 
magnirostris (Cyornis), 
453. 
magnirostris (Gerygone), 
221, 222. 
magnirostris (Graucalus), 

16. 
magnirostris (Mltava), 
453. 
magnirostris (Pseudogerygone), 
222. 
magnirostris (Siphia), 

453. 
major (Oampephaga), 28. 
major (Oeblepyris), 28. 
major (Rubetra), 180. 
malabarica (Muscicapa), 
76. 
malabaricus (Parus), 76. 
malabaricus (Pericrocotus), 
77. 
Malurus, 285. 
manadensis (Hypothy


mis), 273, 421. 
manadensis (Muscicapa), 
273, 421. 
manadensis (Myiagra), 

273, 421. 
manclellii (Alseonax), 472, 
mandellii (Cyornis), 453. 
manclellii (Siphia), 453. 
manillensis (Butalis), 153. 
manillensis (Muscicapa), 

149, 153. 
marescotii (Oampephaga), 
45. 
marescotii (Edoliisoma), 

45. 
marginata (Oampephaga), 
50. 
marginata (Edoliisoma), 

50. 
marginatum (Edoliisoma), 
50. 
maupitensis (Muscicapa), 

434. 
maura (Molacilla), 188. 

maura (CEnantho), 188, 

maura (Praiincola), 188. 

maura (8a\icola), 180. 

maxima (Oeblepyris), 22. 

media (Saxicola) 186. 

Megabias, 387. 

Megalestes, 240. 
melama (Oampephaga), 

45. 
melampyga (Tchitrea), 
355. 
melampyra (Muscipeta), 
354. 
melampyra (Tchitrea), 
354. 
melampyra (Terpsiphone), 
355. 
melan (Edoliisoma), 45. 
melanictera (Pseudola


lage),91. 
melanocephalus (Malu


rus), 296. 
Melanodryas, 164. 
melanogastra (Musci


peta), 354. 
melanogastra (Tchitrea), 

354. 
melanogastra (Terpsiphone), 
354. 
melanolaeina (Oampephaga), 
54. 
melanolaiina (Rhipidura), 
313. 
melanoleuca (Oampephaga), 
91. 
melanoleuca (Lalage), 91. 
melanoleuca (Muscicapa), 

207, 251. 
melanoleuca (Muscicapula), 
207. 
melanoleuca (Muscipeta), 

339. 
melanoleuca (CEnanthe), 
265. 
melanoleuca (Oreicola), 
87, 265. 
melanoleuca (Platystira), 

137. 
melanoleuca (Pratincola), 
198. 
melanoleuca (Pseudolalage),
91. 
melanoleuca (Rhipidura), 

340. 
melanoleuca (Rhodophila), 
264. 
melanoleuca (Sauloprocta), 
340. 
melanoleuca (Saxicola), 

265. 
ALPHABETICAL ISTDEX. 

486 

melanolora (Oampephaga), 
39. 
molauo 1 o r us (Graucalus), 
30, 40. 
melanonota (Monarcha), 

428. 
melanops (Abrornis), 400. 
melanops (Oampephaga), 
31. 
melanops (Oeblepyris), 
30. 
melanops (Coracina), 30. 
melanops (Eumyias), 438. 
melanops (Glaucomyias), 
438. 
molanops (Graucalus), 

30. 
molanops (llypothymis), 
438. 
melanops (Muscicapa), 
438. 
melanops (Niltaya), 438, 
melanops (Stoparola), 
438, 440. 
melanopsis (Monarcha), 

430. 
melanopsis (Muscicapa), 
430. 
mleanoptera (Campephaga), 
67. 
melanoptera (Gampophaga), 
67, 68. 
melanoptera (Oeblepyris), 
67. 
melanoptera (Muscicapa), 
145, 160. 
melanoptera (Platystira), 
140,147. 
melanoptera (Yolvocivora), 
67, 69. 
melanoplerus (Monarcha), 
420. 
melanopterus(Piezorhynolius), 
420, 
melanorhynchus (Platyrhynchus), 
146. 
melanothorax (Gerygone), 
230. 
melanothorax (Lalage), 


melanotis (Oampepbaera), 
30, 51, 57. 
melanotis (Graucalus). 

30, 57. 
melanotis (Malurus), 288. 
melanoxantha (Oam


pephaga), 62. 
melanura ( JEgithalopsis), 

melanura (Leucocerca), 

316. 
mehmura (Muscicapa), 

2>i9. 

melanura (Myiagra), 379. 
melanura (Rliipidura), 

316. 
melanura (Volvocivora), 
65. 
melanurum (Parisoma), 
269. 
melas (Campepliaga), 45. 
melas (Oeblepyris;, 45. 
melas (Edoliisoma), 45. 
melas (Laiiius), 45. 
melaschistus (Campephaga), 
65. 
melascliistus (Volvoci


vora), 55, 66, 67, 69. 
meloleuea (Saxieola),195. 
niendozse (Monarcha), 

434. 
Menetiea, 441. 
mentalis (Oampephaga), 
37. 
mentalis (Oeblepyris), 37. 
mentalis (Graucalus), 37. 
mentalis (Monarcha), 
417. 
Merle a calotte noire, 
262. 
Merle des Indes, 95. 
Mesange de la cote de 
Malabar, 76. 
Metabolus, 238. 
meyeri (Edoliisoma), 53. 
Microeca, 122. 
mimoides (Ehipidura), 

m. 
mindanense(Edoliisoma), 

470. 
mindanensis (Volvocivora), 
470. 
miniata (Acis), 80. 
miniata (Muscicapa), 80. 
miniata (Phcenicornis), 

80. 
miniatus (Pericrocotus), 
80, 81. 
minima (Alseonax), 129. 
minima (Batis), 139. 
minima(Muscicapa), 129. 
minima (Platystira), 139. 
minor (Elminia), 364. 
minulla (Batis), 137. 
minulla (Platystira), 137. 
minuta (Muscicapa). 129, 

161,176. 
minuta (Siphia), 459. 
minutus (Pericrocotus), 

mlnutus (Turdus), 176. 
Miro, 234. 

modesta (Acanthiza), 219. 
modesta (Gerygone), 214, 

219. 
modesta (Muscicapa), 
154,156. 

modesta (Myiagra), 378, 

modesta (Petroica), 168. 

moclesta (Pseudogery


gone), 219. 

modest us (Pericrocotus), 

S3. 
Molenar, 333. 
molitor (Batis), 137. 
molitor (Muscicapa), 137. 
molitor (Platystira), 137. 
monacha (Oampephaga), 

105. 
monacha (Lalage), 105. 
monacha (Volvocirora), 
105. 
Monachella, 240. 
Monarcha, 429. 
moniliger (Anthipes), 
460,461. 
moniliger (Digenea), 460. 
moniliger (Dimorpha), 

460. 
moniliger (Niltava), 460. 
monrana (Butalis), 151. 
montana (Oampephaga), 
46. 
montanum (Edoliisoma), 
46. 
montrosieri (Oampephaga), 
110. 
montrosieri (Lalage), 

110. 
morio (Oampephaga), 54. 
morio (Oeblepyris), 54 
morio (Edoliisoma), 54. 
morio (Voh oeivora), 54. 
morotensis (Piezorhynchus), 
423. 
ruotaeilloides (Ehipidura), 
339. 
motacilloides (Sauloprocta), 
340. 
Moucherolle des Philippines, 
149. 
Moucherolle noir et blanc, 

143. _ 
muelleri (Erythromyias), 
200. 
muelleri (Muscicapa), 
200. 
muelleri (Ehipidura), 
338. 
muelleriana (Monachella), 
240. 
muelleriana (Muscicapa), 

240. 
mugimaki (Eryfchrosterna), 
163. 
mugimaki (Muscicapa), 

201. 
mugimaki (Xanthopygia), 
201. 
mulleri (Edoliisoma), 55. 
multicolor (Muscicapa), 

165, 168. 
multicolor (Petroeca), 
166,168. 
multicolor (Petroica), 

165, 168. 
Muscicapa, 149. 
Muscicapula, 203. 
muscicola (Turdus), 407. 
Muscipeta, 344. 
muscipeta (Muscicapa), 

157. 
muscipeta (Sylvia), 155. 
Muscitode a tete bleue, 
281. 
Muscirora, 344. 
Muscivore plombe, 374. 
Muscylva, 233. 
Muscylva de Lesson, 233. 
musicus (Bias), 142. 
musicus (Muscicapa), 
143. 
musicus (Platyrhynchos), 
142. 
musicus (Sniithornis), 
143. 
mutata (Muscicapa), 351. 
mutata (Muscipeta), 352. 
mutata (Tchitrea), 352. 
mutata (Terpsiphone), 
351, 352. 
mutatus(Platyrhynehus), 

351. 
muttui (Alseonax), 132. 
muttui (Butalis), 132. 
Myiagre brillaiit, 375. 
Myiagra, 371. 
Myiagroides, 387. 
Myialestes, 369. 
Myiomoira, 164. 
Myiophila, 140. 
Myioscopus, 234. 
mysoriensis (Todopsis), 
282. 
nsevia (Campepbaga), 

110. 
ncevia (Lalage), 110. 
nasvia (Muscicapa), 109, 
110. 
nsevius (Symmorphus), 
109. 
nana (Eopsaltria), 246. 
nana (Poecilodryas), 246. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX* 

nana (Seisura), 408. 

nana (Sisura), 408. 

narcissina (Muscicapa), 

249. _ 
narcissina (Xanthopygia), 
219,250. 
narcissina (Zantbopygia), 

250. 
natalensis (Cbloropeta), 
272. 
natalensis (Hypolais), 
272. 
natalensis (Sylvia), 272. 
nebulosa (Rhipidura), 
315. 
negiecta (Acanthiza), 227* 
neglecta (Campophaga), 
67, 68. 
neglecta (Gf-erygone), 227. 
neglecta (Pseudogery


gone), 227. 
neglecta (Volvocivora), 

68. 
neglectus (Pericrocotus), 
80. 
Nemura, 254. 
Neomyias, 342. 
nesiotis (Campepbaga), 
56. 
nesiotis (Edoliisoma), 56. 
newtoni (Campepbaga), 
102. 
newtoni (Lalage), 102. 
newtoni (Oxynotus), 
102. 
]Sfewtonia, 148. 
niger (Campepbaga), 62, 
63. 
niger (Lanicterus), 62. 
niger (Lanius), 45. 
nigra (Campepbaga), 62, 
63. 
nigra (Oampopbaga), 62. 
nigra (Ceblepyris), 62. 
nigra (Monarcba), 434. 
nigra (Muscicapa), 158, 
434. 
nigra (Pomarea), 434. 
nigricapillus (Lioptilus) 
262. 
nigricapillus (Pycnonotus), 
262. 
nigricapillus (Turdus), 

262. 
nigriceps (Tchitrea), 359. 
nigriceps (Terpsiphone), 
359. 
nigrimentum(Monarcba), 
418. 
nigrimentum (Piezorhyucbus), 
418. 

nigriinitrata (Terpsiphone), 
301. 
nigripeclus (Machserorhynchus), 
392. 
nigripectus (Macbeirbampbus), 
392. 
nigripectus (Macheirhynchus), 
392. 
nigritorquis (Leucocerca), 
334. 
nigritorquis (Rhipidura), 

nigrorufa (Niltava), 455. 
nigrorufa (Ocbromela), 

455. 
nigrorufa (Saxicola), 455. 
nigrorufa (Siphia), 455. 
nigrum (Edoliisoma), 45. 
Niltava, 462. 
nipalensis (Graucalus), 
34. 
nitens (Myiagra), 415. 
nitens (Seisura), 415. 
nitens (Tchitrea), 301. 
nitens (Terpsiphone), 301. 
nitens (Trocbocercus), 
300. 
niticla (Myiagra), 373, 
375, 415." 
niticla (Seisura), 415,416. 
Nitidula, 254. 
nitidus (Piezorhynchus), 

416. 
niveiventris(Tbamnobia), 
% 163. 
niveoventer(Pycnonotus), 

29. 
notata (Oerygone), 227. 
notata (Pseudogerygone), 
227. 
novas guineas (Campepbaga), 
18. 
novaj guineas (Ceblepyris), 
12, 18. 
novse guinea) (Corvus), 

18. 
nova3 guineas (Graucalus), 
18. 
novo3 zealandise (Myiotbera), 
235. 
nyctbemera (Campepbaga), 
265. 
nyctbemera (Lalage), 87 

265. 
nyctbemera (Sylvia), 265. 
Kymphseus, 249, 
obiense (Edoliisoma), 51. 
obiensis (Rhipiclura),331. 
obscura (Chasiempis), 5. 
obscura (Eopsaltria), 5. 

488 

obscura (Muscicapa), 5. 
obaeura. (Phffiornia), 5. 
obscura (Ta?iiioptera), 5. 
occidentalis (fcJmicror


nia), 209. 
occipitalis (Muscicapa), 

275. 
oceanica (Myiagra), 383. 
oohiMCoa (Campephaga), 
303. 
ochracea (Muscicapa), 
303. 
ochracea (Bhipidura), 
303. 
ochrogastra (Bhipidura), 
331. 
Ocliromela, 441. 
ochrotarsus (Tardus), 
235. 
olax (Pratincola), 184. 
olivacea (Acanthiza), 212. 
olivacea (Cyornis), 457. 
oliyacea (Sipliia), 457. 
oliyaceus (Psilopus), 212. 
olivaacens (iEgithalopsfe), 
263. 
olivaseehs (Lioptilus), 

263. *' 
olivascens (Parisorna), 
2m. 

Ondule, 129. 

orampes (Saxicola), 180. 

Oranor, 76. 

Oreas, 2. 

Oreicola, 263. 

orientalis (Batis), 130. 

orientalis (Oeblepyris), 

95. 
orientalis (Erucivora), 
95. 
orientalis (Hyliota), 248. 
orientalis (Platystira), 
136. 
orientalis (Sylvia), 95. 
orientalis (Turd us), 95. 
Orphryzone, 408, 
Oxynotus, 87. 
Pachyprora, 133. 
pacifica (Campephaga), 


97. 
pacilica (Lalage), 87, 97. 
paciiieus (Turdus), 97. 
pallidipes (Sipliia), 444. 
pallipes (Cyornis), 444. 
pallipes (Muscicapa),444. 
pallipes (Niltava), 44 
palpebrosa (Acanthiza) 
230. 
palpebrosa (Gerygone), 
-ioO, 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

palpebrosa (Pseuclogery


gone), 230. 

panayensis (Oulicioapa), 

371. 
panayensis (Eumyias), 
440. 
panayensis (Stoparola), 
440. 
panayensis (Xantholestes), 
371. 
papuaua (Microeca), 247. 
papuana (Pceeilodryas), 

247. 
papuensis (Campephaga), 
39. 
papuensis (Oeblepyris), 
39. 
papuensis (Ooracina), 39. 
papuensis (Oorvus), 19, 
39. 
papuensis (Graucalus), 
30, 34, 39, 40. 
paradisea (Muscipeta), 

349. 
paradisi (Muscicapa),346. 
paradisi (Tehitrea), 347, 
349. ^ 
paradisi (Terpsiphone), 
347. 
Parisorna, 268, 
parva (Erythrosterna), 
161. 
parva (Muscicapa), 161, 
163. 
parva ruficollis (Erytlirosterna), 
161. 
parva rufigularis (Erytlirosterna), 
161. 
parvirostris (Oampephaga), 
32. 
parvirostris (Oeblepyris), 

32. 
painirostris (Graucalus), 

31, 32. 
parvulus (Artamides), 14. 
parvulus (Graucalus), 14. 
pastor (Motaoilla), 190. 
pastor (Pratincola), 188, 

190, 191. 
pectoral (Muscylva), 313. 
pectoralis (Alcippe), 368. 
pectoralis (Brachy


pteryx), 368. 
pectoralis (Oampephaga), 

pectoralis (Oeblepyris), 

pectoralis (G-raucalus), 

29. 
pectoralis (Leucocerca), 
335. 
pectoralis (Malurus), 

289. 
pectoralis (Muscicapa), 
365. 
pectoralis (Muscylva), 
313. 
pectoralis (Myiagra), 365. 
pectoralis (Bhinornyias), 
366. 
pectoralis (Bhipidura), 
313, 335. 
pectoralis (Setaria), 368. 
peltata (Platystira), 147. 
Peltops, 433. 
pelzelni (Bhipidura), 

312. 
peregrina (Muscipeta), 
76. _ 
peregrina (Phcenicornis), 
76. 
peregrimxs (Muscicapa), 
77peregrinus 
(Parus), 76. 
peregrinus (Pericrocotus), 

76,77. 
Pericrocotus, 70. 
perlata (Leucocerca), 

328. 
perlata (Bhipidura), 328. 
personata (Acanthiza), 
230. 
personata (Campephaga), 
lo. 

personata (Oeblepyris), 

13. 
personata (Gervgone), 
229. 
personata (Pseudogerygone), 
230. 
personata (Bhipidura), 

314. 
personatus (Artamides), 
13, 14. 
personatus (Graucalus), 
13._ ^ 
perspicillata (Muscicapa), 

358. 
perspicillata (Muscipeta), 
357. 
perspicillata (Myiagra), 
378. 
perspicillata (Platystira), 
358. 
perspicillata (Bhipidura), 
333. 
perspicillata (Tehitrea), 
358. 
penicillatus (Platyrhynchos), 
332. 
Petit azur, 274. 
Petroeca, 164. 

Petroica, 164. 
Phseornis, 5. 
phasianella (Campe


phaga), 22. 
phasianella (Pteropodocys), 
22. 
phasianellus (Graucalus), * 

22. 
Philentoma, 365. 
philippinensis (Cyornis), 
philippinensis (Muscicapa), 
149. 
philippinensis (Siphia), 

450. 
phoenicea (Ampelis), 59. 
phoenicea (Oampephaga), 
59, 62. 
phoenicea (Campophaga), 

59. 
phoenicea (Ceblepyris), 
phoenicea (Petroeca), 166. 
phoenicea (Petroica), 

166. 
phceniceus (Lanicterus), 
60. 
phcenicopterus (Ceblepyris), 
59. 
phcenicopterus (Ixus), 59. 
phcenicopterus (Turdus), 

59. 
Phcenicornis, 70. 
phcenicura (Ehipidura), 
324. 
picata (Melanodryas), 
174. 
picata (Museicapa), 157. 
picata (Petroeca), 174. 
picata (Petroica), 174. 
picata (Ehipidura), 339. 
picata (Sauloprocta), 340. 
Pie cle l'isle Papou, 346. 
Piezorhynchus, 413. 
pileatus (Monarcha), 
424. 
pileatus (Piezorhynchus), 
424. 
Pindalns, 393. 
pinetorum (Butalis), 
151. 
Platygnathus, 871. 
platyrhyncha (Museicapa), 
123. 
Platyrhynche oceanien, 

383. 
Platystira, 145. 
Platystomus, 433. 
plumbea (Oampephaga), 
49, 53,55. 
plumbea (Ceblepyris), 18, 


55. 
AIPH1BEXT0AJD INDEX. 

plumbea (Edoliisoma), 

55. 
plumbea (Myiagra), 373. 
plumbea (Phcenicura), 

253. 
plumbea (Platystira), 
269. 
plumbea (Euticilla), 253. 
plumbea (Stenostira), 
269. 
plumbea (Volvocivora), 
55. 
plumbeum (Parisoma), 

269. 
plumosa (Muscipeta), 
336. 
plumosum (Philentoma), 
366. 
pluto (Myiagra), 380. 
Poecilodryas, 240. 
Pogonocichla, 254. 
poiocephala (Cryptolopha), 
369. 
poliocephala (Gerygone), 

229. 
poliocephala (Pseudogerygone), 
229. 
poliogenys (Abrornis), 

403. 
poliogenys (Cryptolopha), 
403. 
poliogenys (Culicipeta), 

403. 
poliogenys (Ehipidura), 
403. 
poliogenys (Sylvia), 403. 
Poliomyias, 201*. 
polioptera (Campophaga), 
69. 
pollens (Artamides), 13. 
pollens (Grauealus), 13. 
polygrammica (Campe


phaga), 106. 
polygrammica (Lalage), 

107. 
Pomarea, 434. 
pom area (Museicapa), 
434. 
pondiceriana (Butalis), 
127. 
pondiceriana (Museicapa), 
127. 
poonensis (Museicapa), 
127, 207. 
Pratincola, 178. 
pratorum (Pratincola), 

180. 
pratorum (Saxicola), 180. 
preissi (Ehipidura), 310. 
pretiosa (Tchitrea), 352. 
pretiosa (Terpsiphone), 
352. 
princeps (Muscipeta), 71, 

princeps (Phoenieomia), 

princeps (Tchitrea), 361. 
princeps (Terpsiphone), 

361. 
principalis (Muscipeta), 
361. 
principalis (Tchitrea), 
350, 361. 
print (Batis), 138, 139. 
pririt (Museicapa), 138. 
pririt (Platystira), 136, 

137, 138. 
pristinaria (Museicapa), 
loo. 
prisfcinaria (Muscipeta), 
loo. 
prist inaria (Platysteira), 

loo. 
Prosorinia, 2. 
Pseudobias, 386. 
Pseudogerygone, 215. 
Pseudolalage, 87. 
Pteropodocys, 22. 
Ptiladela, 23. 
puella (Hypotbymis), 

puella (Myiagra), 277. 

pulchella (Petroica), 168. 

puleherrimus (Malurus), 

292, 394. 

purpurea (Oochoa), 3. 

purpurea (Prosorinia), 3. 

pusilla (Oampephaga), 

34. 
pusilla (Erythrosterna), 
207. 
pusilla (Museicapa), 207. 
pusilla (Petroeca), 168. 
pusilla (Petroica), 168. 
Pycnosphrys, 393. 
Pyed Bird of Paradise, 
346. 
pyrrhonota (Erythromyias), 
200. 
pyrrhonota (Saxicola), 

200. 
pyrrhoptera (Museicapa), 
366. 
pyrrhoptera (Tchitrea), 
366. 
pyrrhopterum 
(Philentoma), 
366. 

quiscalina (Oampephaga), 

63. 
quisqualina (Campophaga), 
63, 64. 
qtiiscalinus (]Janicterus), 

63. 
rufiventris (Platyrhynclios), 
331. 
rufiventris (Ehipidura), 

331, 338. 
rufiventris (Tchitrea),360. 
rufiventris (Terpsiphone), 

360. 
rufoeinerea (Terpsiphone), 
355. 
rufogularis (Muscicapa), 

161. 
rufolateralis (Piezorhynchus), 
416. 
rufolateralis (Seisura), 

416. 
rufula (Muscicapa), 455. 
rufus (Zeoeephus), 343. 
rugensis (Colluricincla), 
238. 
rugensis (Metabolus), 238. 
rugensis (Monarcha), 238. 
rugensis (Muscicapa),238. 
rupestris (Muscicapa), 
206. 
rupicola (Motacilla), 186. 
rutilus (Pericrocotus), 73. 
salax (Pratincola), 184. 
sab adorii (Edoliisoma), 

48. 
sandvicensis (Chasiempis), 
232. 
sandwichensis (Eopsaltria), 
232. 
sandwich ensis (Muscicapa), 
232. 
sannio (Muscicapa), 317. 
sapphira (Muscicapa), 

208. 
sapphira (Muscicapula), 
208. 
saturata (Oampophaga), 
saturata (Ehipidura), 
311, 326. 
saturata (Yolvoeivora), 

66. 
saturatior (Pratincola). 
188. 
saturatior (Saxicola), 188. 
Sauloprocta, 303. 
saxicolina (Monachella), 
240. 
scapularis (Muscicapa), 
299. 
Schet de Madagascar, 351. 
Schet noir, 351. 
Schet roux, 351. 
Schetba, 87. 
schierbrandii (Oainpephaga), 
104. 

ALPHABETICAL TITJDEX. 

schierbrandii (Volvoci-
Tora), 104. 
schistacea (Stenostira), 

270. 
schistaceus (Artaniides) 
schisticeps (Ahrornis), 

400. 
schisticeps (Oampephaga), 
50. 
schisticeps (Cehlepyris), 

50. ^ 
schisticeps (Cryptolopha), 
400, 474. 
schisticeps (Culicipeta), 

398. 
schisticeps (Culipeta), 
.400. 
schisticeps (Edoliisoma), 
50, 54. 
schisticeps (Phylloseopus), 
398. 
schisticeps (Eegulu3), 400, 
schisticeps (Syhia), 400. 
schwaneri (Abrornis), 

403. 
schwaneri (Cryptolopha), 
403. 
schwaneri (Sylvia), 403. 
Schwaneria, 441. 
scita (Muscicapa), 267. 
scita (Platystira), 267. 
scita (Stenostira), 267. 
sclateri (Graucalus), 40. 
Seisura, 407. 
senaicollaris (Ehipidura), 
321. 
semipartita (Butalis),468. 
semipartita (Oassinia), 
468. 
semipartita (Muscicapa), 
468. 
semipartita (Platystira), 
468. 
semirubra (Ehipidura), 
321. 
seinitorquata (Pratincola), 
198. 
senegalensis (Patis), 134. 
senegalensis (Motacilla), 

179. 
senegalensis (Muscicapa), 
135. 
senegalensis (Muscipeta), 
138, 354. 
senegalensis (Muscylvia), 

135. 
senegalensis (Platystira), 
135, 139. 
senegalensis (Pratincola), 

180. 
sonogalensis (Tchitrea), 

354. 
senegalensis (Terpsiphone), 
357. 
septentrionalis (Pratincola), 
180. 
septentrionalis (Saxicola), 
ISO. 
sericyanea (Tchitrea), 

284. 
sericyanea (Todopsis), 
284. 
setosa (Ehipidura), 329. 
setosa (Mubcipeta), 329. 
sibirica (Butalis), 120. 
sibirica (Muscicapa), 120. 
sibiricus (Ilemichelidon), 
120. 
signata (Leiothrix), 466. 
silens (Lanius), 65. 
similis (Petrceca), 169. 
simplex (Cyornis), 449. 
simplex (Q-erygone), 214, 
224. 
simplex (Euticilla), 253. 
Siphia, 441. 
Sisura, 407. 
sloetii (Campephaga), 21. 
sloetii (Campoehiera), 21, 
sloetii (Lalage), 21. 
Smicrornis, 209. 
smithii (Muscipeta), 360. 
smithii (Tchitrea), 360. 
smith ii (Terpsiphone), 
360. 
Smilhornis, 388. 
Solaris (Pericrocotus), 82. 
solitaria (Anthipes), 461. 
solitaria (Digenea), 461. 
solitaria (Erythrosterna), 
461. 
solitaria (Muscicapa), 
461. 
sombre (Ehipidura), 316, 
sordida (Eumyias), 440. 
sordid a (Erythrostema), 
sordida (G-laucomyias), 

440. 
sordida (Muscicapa), 156. 
sordida (Stoparola), 440. 
sordidus (Ohaitaris), 463. 
sordidus (Pericrocotus), 
84. 
speciosa (Muscipeta), 
354. 
speciosa (Tchitrea), 354. 
speciosa (Terpsiphone), 
354, 
speciosus (Pericrocotus), 
71, 73. 

rufiventris (Platyrhynclios), 
331. 
rufiventris (Ehipidura), 

331, 338. 
rufiventris (Tchitrea),360. 
rufiventris (Terpsiphone), 

360. 
rufoeinerea (Terpsiphone), 
355. 
rufogularis (Muscicapa), 

161. 
rufolateralis (Piezorhynchus), 
416. 
rufolateralis (Seisura), 

416. 
rufula (Muscicapa), 455. 
rufus (Zeoeephus), 343. 
rugensis (Colluricincla), 
238. 
rugensis (Metabolus), 238. 
rugensis (Monarcha), 238. 
rugensis (Muscicapa),238. 
rupestris (Muscicapa), 
206. 
rupicola (Motacilla), 186. 
rutilus (Pericrocotus), 73. 
salax (Pratincola), 184. 
sab adorii (Edoliisoma), 

48. 
sandvicensis (Chasiempis), 
232. 
sandwichensis (Eopsaltria), 
232. 
sandwich ensis (Muscicapa), 
232. 
sannio (Muscicapa), 317. 
sapphira (Muscicapa), 

208. 
sapphira (Muscicapula), 
208. 
saturata (Oampophaga), 
saturata (Ehipidura), 
311, 326. 
saturata (Yolvoeivora), 

66. 
saturatior (Pratincola). 
188. 
saturatior (Saxicola), 188. 
Sauloprocta, 303. 
saxicolina (Monachella), 
240. 
scapularis (Muscicapa), 
299. 
Schet de Madagascar, 351. 
Schet noir, 351. 
Schet roux, 351. 
Schetba, 87. 
schierbrandii (Oainpephaga), 
104. 

ALPHABETICAL TITJDEX. 

schierbrandii (Volvoci-
Tora), 104. 
schistacea (Stenostira), 

270. 
schistaceus (Artaniides) 
schisticeps (Ahrornis), 

400. 
schisticeps (Oampephaga), 
50. 
schisticeps (Cehlepyris), 

50. ^ 
schisticeps (Cryptolopha), 
400, 474. 
schisticeps (Culicipeta), 

398. 
schisticeps (Culipeta), 
.400. 
schisticeps (Edoliisoma), 
50, 54. 
schisticeps (Phylloseopus), 
398. 
schisticeps (Eegulu3), 400, 
schisticeps (Syhia), 400. 
schwaneri (Abrornis), 

403. 
schwaneri (Cryptolopha), 
403. 
schwaneri (Sylvia), 403. 
Schwaneria, 441. 
scita (Muscicapa), 267. 
scita (Platystira), 267. 
scita (Stenostira), 267. 
sclateri (Graucalus), 40. 
Seisura, 407. 
senaicollaris (Ehipidura), 
321. 
semipartita (Butalis),468. 
semipartita (Oassinia), 
468. 
semipartita (Muscicapa), 
468. 
semipartita (Platystira), 
468. 
semirubra (Ehipidura), 
321. 
seinitorquata (Pratincola), 
198. 
senegalensis (Patis), 134. 
senegalensis (Motacilla), 

179. 
senegalensis (Muscicapa), 
135. 
senegalensis (Muscipeta), 
138, 354. 
senegalensis (Muscylvia), 

135. 
senegalensis (Platystira), 
135, 139. 
senegalensis (Pratincola), 

180. 
sonogalensis (Tchitrea), 

354. 
senegalensis (Terpsiphone), 
357. 
septentrionalis (Pratincola), 
180. 
septentrionalis (Saxicola), 
ISO. 
sericyanea (Tchitrea), 

284. 
sericyanea (Todopsis), 
284. 
setosa (Ehipidura), 329. 
setosa (Mubcipeta), 329. 
sibirica (Butalis), 120. 
sibirica (Muscicapa), 120. 
sibiricus (Ilemichelidon), 
120. 
signata (Leiothrix), 466. 
silens (Lanius), 65. 
similis (Petrceca), 169. 
simplex (Cyornis), 449. 
simplex (Q-erygone), 214, 
224. 
simplex (Euticilla), 253. 
Siphia, 441. 
Sisura, 407. 
sloetii (Campephaga), 21. 
sloetii (Campoehiera), 21, 
sloetii (Lalage), 21. 
Smicrornis, 209. 
smithii (Muscipeta), 360. 
smithii (Tchitrea), 360. 
smith ii (Terpsiphone), 
360. 
Smilhornis, 388. 
Solaris (Pericrocotus), 82. 
solitaria (Anthipes), 461. 
solitaria (Digenea), 461. 
solitaria (Erythrosterna), 
461. 
solitaria (Muscicapa), 
461. 
sombre (Ehipidura), 316, 
sordida (Eumyias), 440. 
sordid a (Erythrostema), 
sordida (G-laucomyias), 

440. 
sordida (Muscicapa), 156. 
sordida (Stoparola), 440. 
sordidus (Ohaitaris), 463. 
sordidus (Pericrocotus), 
84. 
speciosa (Muscipeta), 
354. 
speciosa (Tchitrea), 354. 
speciosa (Terpsiphone), 
354, 
speciosus (Pericrocotus), 
71, 73. 

492 

speciosus (Tardus), 71. 
speculifera (Muscicapa), 

158. 
speeuligera (Muscicapa), 
158. 
spekii (Tchitrea), 352. 
spilodera (JEthomyias), 
271. 
spilodera (Entomophila), 
271. 
spilodera (Ehipiclura), 
313. 
spilodera (Sericornis), 
271. 
spiloiiota (Niltava), 438. 
splenrlens (Mnlurus), 289. 
splendens (Saxicola), 289. 
squamata (Bhipidura), 
318. 
stellata (Muscicapa), 261. 
stellata (Neniura), 361. 
stellata (Pogonocichla), 
261. 
stellatus (Tarsiger), 254, 
261. 
Stenostira, 267. 
Stiphromyias, 140. 
Stone-chat, 185. 
Stoparola, 435. 
etrepitans (Platystira), 
134. 
strenua (Campephaga), 
15. 
strenuus (Graucalus), 15, 
23. 
streptophora (Muscicapa), 
160. 
striata (Campephaga), 18. 
striatus (Artarnides), 18. 
striatus (Oorvus), 18. 
striatus (Graucalus), 19. 
striga (Ceblepyris), 95. 
striga (Turdus), 95. 
strigiceps (Neornis), 395. 
strophiata (Diniorphia), 

455. 
strophiata (Menetica), 
455. 
strophiata (Niltava), 455. 
strophiata (Siphia), 455. 
subalaris (Grraucalus), 2Q. 
subardens (Pericrocotus), 
74. 
subcserulea (iEgithalopsis), 
269. 
subcaarulea (Sylvia), 268. 
subecerulea (Thaninobia), 

269. 
subcairuleum (Parisoina), 
268. 
subflaya (Muscicapa), 76. 
ALPHABETICAL OTDEX. 

submoniliger (Anthipes), 

461. 
submoniliger (Digenea), 
461. 
succincta (Platystira), 
135. 
sulf urea (Acanthiza), 214. 
sulfurea (Gerygone), 214. 
suuiatrensis (Artamides), 
12. 
suruatrensis (Oampephaga), 
12. 
sumatrensis (Ceblepyris), 

12. 
sumatrensis (Graucalus), 
12. 
sumatrensis (Siphia), 
451. 
sundara (Chaitaris), 463. 
sundara (Niltava), 463. 
superba (Motaeilla), 286. 
superbus (Malurus), 287. 
superciliaris (Abrornis), 
402. 
superciliaris (Crypt olopha), 
402. 
superciliaris (Digenea), 

206. 
superciliaris (Dimorpha), 
206. 
superciliaris (Hypothymis), 
278. 
superciliaris (lanthia), 

259. 
superciliaris (Menetica), 
206. 
superciliaris (Muscicapa), 
204.^ 
superciliaris (Muscieapula), 
204. 
superciliaris (Neniura),, 

259. 
superciliaris fNiltava), 
206. 
superciliaris (Siphia), 
206, 208. 
superciliaris (Sylvia), 402. 
superciliaris (Tarsiger), 

259. 
superciliosa (Micrceca). 
123. 
superciliosa (Petroica), 
242. 
superciliosa (Pcecilodryas), 
242. 
superciliosa (Rhipidura), 

329. 
swainsoni (Campephaga), 
swainsoni (Graucalus), 

40. 
swainsoni (Lanicterus), 

62. 
sybilla (Mofcacilla), 191. 
sybilla (Pratincola), 188, 
190, 191. 
sybilla (Sylvia), 191. 
syke&ii (Campephaga), 89. 
sykesii (Erucivora). 89. 
sykesii (Lalase), 89, 90, 

91. 
sykesii (Yblvocivora), 89. 
sylvatica (MotacilL)] 195. 
svlvestris (Gen gone), 
218. 
sylveistris (Pseudogery


gone), 218. 
Symmorphus, 109. 
Syniposiachrus, 413. 
Synornis, 150. 


tanclonus (Mcquinus), 

237. 
Tarier, 179. 
Tarsiger, 254. 
Tchitrea, 344. 
Tchitrec-be, 346. 
telescophthalma (Monacha), 
409. 
telescophthalma (Monarchal 
409. 
telescophthalma (Muscicapa), 
409. 
telescoplithalnius (Arse A 

409. 
temmincki (Artamides), 
15. 
temmincki (Campephaga), 
16. 
temmincki (Ceblepyris), 


15. 
temmincki (Graucalus), 
11, 10. 
temmincki (Lobotos), 58. 
tenella (Muscicapa), 267. 
tenuirostre (Edoliisonia), 

55. 
tenuirostris (Campophaga). 
55. 
tenuirostris (Graucalus), 

bo. 

tephrocephala (Culicipeta), 
398. 
tephrocephala (Crypto


lopha), 398. 
Terat-boulan, 95. 
terat (Campephaga), 95. 
terat (Lalage), 95, 97. 
terat (Turdus), 95. 
teresita, (Elminia), 364. 
teresita (Myiagra), 364. 
Terpsiphone, 344. 

lorru'olor (Alseonax), 127, 

132. 
icrrieoIor(nuinliH), 1 "i7. 
lomoolor(llomi('holidon), 
127. 
toHNitcourbo (M uncicnpa), 
Ml). 
thala,ssiim (Glaueom} ias), 
43s. 
thalaswina (If ypoth)mis), 
438, 439. 
thalaasiiui (Muscicapa), 
438, 4,7,). 
tlula*ma(Mlta^a),438. 
thalassina (Stoparola), 

408. 
tl I ala ssinoides (St c >parola), 
439, 440. 
thalassoidcs (Glaueomyias), 
440. 
thalasboidos (Niltaya), 

440. 
thoracica (Platystira),134. 
thoracica (Saxicola), 133. 
threnothorax (Ehipidura), 
325. 
Thru&h, Ash-rumpcd, 05. 
Thrush,Black and (Scarlet, 
71. 
Thrush, Doubtful, 407. 
Thrush, Flyeatcbing, 
407. 
Thrush, Pacific, 97. 
Thrush, Restless, 407. 
Thrush, Volatile, 407. 
Thrush, White-fronted, 
235. 
Tickellia, 303. 
tickellia} (Cyornis), 448. 
tiokelliai (Niltava), 448. 
tiAelliaj (Siphia), 447. 
timoriense (IMoliisoma), 
49. 
tiinoriensis (Campephaga), 
94. 
timorien&is (Ceblepyris), 

94. _ 
tiinoriensis (Lalage), 94. 
Titmouse, Great-headed, 
176. 
Titmouse, Malabar, 75. 
Todopsis, 280, 282, 284. 
Tody, African, 363. 
Tody, Red-breasted, 373. 
toitoi (Miro), 174. 
toitoi (Muscicapa), 174. 
toitoi (Myiomoira), 175. 
toitoi (Petrceca), 174. 
torquala (Muscicapa), 
190. 
torquata (Myiagra), 274. 
ALPJIABimCAu INDEX. 

torquala (Pratiucola), 

190, 191. 
torqunUis( \ rypBipnB),237. 
torquatus (Laniotiirdus), 

237. 
torricla (Ehipidura), 319. 
Traquot do rAuglelerre, 
157. 
Traquot do 1'isle do Luc;on, 
195. 
Traquot do Madagascar, 
191. 
Traquot clu Senegal, 179. 
Traquot, 185. 
Traquot pat re, 190. 
tra\ersi (Miro), 236. 
tvii\ ci\si (M) ioseopus), 
2,4>iG. 
traversi (Petrceca), 230. 
tricolor (Campephaga), 

67. 
tricolor (Ceblepyris), 92. 
tricolor (Digenoa), 459. 
tricolor (Dimorpha), 459. 
tricolor (Lalage), 92. 
tricolor (Muscicapa), 206, 
251. 
tricolor (Muscicapula), 
250. 
tricolor (Muscipeta), 359. 
tricolor (Niltava), 199. 
tricolor (Rhipiclura), 339, 
340. 
tricolor (Sauloprocta), 
340. 
tricolor (Siphia), 459, 
460. 
tricolor (Smithornis), 387. 
tricolor (JDchitrea), 359. 
tricolor (Terpsiphono), 
359. 
tricolor (Xanthopygia), 
250. 
tricolor (Zanthopygia), 
250. 
tristis (Rhipidura), 316. 
trivirgata (Culicipeta), 
390; 
trivirgata (Cryptolopha), 

3f(>. 

trivirgata (Drymophila), 

418. 
trivirgata (Monarcha), 
418, 419. 
trivirgata (Sylvia), 396. 
trivirgatus (Phyllosco


pus), 396. 
trivirgatus (Piezorhynchus), 
418. 
trochiloides (Pseudogerygone), 
228. 

fro 'liiloidort (Sorieomw)» 

228. 
Tr< chocercuH, 299. 
tHehenuilHchia (Sylvia), 
188. 
lureosa (Hiphin), 4fttt, 
tureosa (1'yoruin), 453. 
iy]>iciiH (o'xynotiis), 101* 
tytis (Saxicola), 180. 
tjtlori (Krythaea), 162. 
tjtleri (Myiagra), 275. 
umhollata (Muscicapa), 
3;i2. 
umbrh irons (Crvptolopha), 
401. 
umbrov irons (Ficeilula), 

401. 
nmbrovirens (Phyllopneustc), 
401. 
mnbrovirens (Phylloscopna), 
401. 
mnbrovirens (Phyllopseuste), 
402. 
mnbrovirens (Sylvia), 

401. 
undulata (Alseonax), 129. 
undulata (Butalis), 120. 
undulata (Mubcioapa), 
129. 
Undulated Ply catcher, 
129. 
unicolor (Cyornis), 444. 
unicolor (Niltava), 445. 
unieolor (Philentoma), 
365. 
unicolor (Siphia), 444. 
unicolor (Tchitrea), 305. 
urbieola (Saxieola), 180. 
uropygiaiis (Lalage), 80. 
ussheri (Artoinyias), 
144. 
vanikorensis (Muscicapa), 
376, 
vanikorensis (Myiagra), 

376. 
vanikorensis (Platygnathus), 
376. 
vanikorensis (Platyrhynchos), 
376. 
velata (Drymophila), 365. 
velata (Monacha), 305. 
velata (Monarcha), 305. 
velata (Tchitrea), 365. 
velatum (Philentoma), 

3l>5. 
velatua (Platyrhynchus), 

135. 
ventilabrum (Muscicapa), 
309. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

verreauxi (Pkipidura), 

312. 
versicolor (Ekipidura), 
320. 
verticalis(Monarcka), 422. 
yerticalis (Piezorhynckus), 
422. 
vidua (Campephaga), 104. 
vidua (Ehipidura), 331. 
vidua (Volvoeivora), 104. 
violaeea (Hyliota), 248. 
violaeea (Muscicapa), 248. 
virescens (Syhia), 221. 
viridescens (Muscicapa), 

351. 
viridinitens (Myiagra), 
378. 
viridis (Cockoa), 2. 
viridis (Muscicapa), 354. 
yiridis (Prosoriuia), 2. 
viridis (Tckitrea), 358. 
viridis (Terpsipkone),358. 
vittata (Amaurodryas)* 
177. 
vittata (Muscicapa), 177. 
vittata (Petrceca), 177. 
vittata (Petroica), 177. 
vivida (Cyornis), 463, 
465. 
vivida (Niltava), 463. 
volitans (Turdus), 407. 
volitans (Seisura), 407. 
Yolvocivora, 59. 
Tulpina (Tckitrea), 353. 
vulpina (Terpsipkone), 

353. 
wallacii (Tckitrea), 283. 
wallacii (Todopsis), 283. 
Warbler, Moor, 188. 
Warbler, Superb, 286, 

292. 
Warbler, Sybil, 191. 
wardi (Pseudobias), 386. 
Vfardi (Pseudobiastes), 
386. 
Wkeatear, Sultry, 180. 
Wkinckat, 180. 
•whitmeei (Lalage), 100. 
xantkogaster (Gerygone), 

215. 
xantkogaster (Lanius), 
74. 
xanthogaster (Pericrocctus),
74,76. 
xantkogenys 
(Mackserorynckus), 
391. 

xantkogenys (Mviagra), 

391. 
Xantkolestes, 369. 
Xantkopygia, 249. 
xantbopvgia (Muscicapa), 
250. 
xantkornitkoides (Campepkaga), 
61. 
xantkornitkoides (Lanicterus), 
(31. 
xanthornoides (Campephaga), 
t'0, 62. 
xantkornoides (Campopkaga), 
GO. 
xantkon.oides (Lanicterus\ 
GO. 
xantkosehLta (Abrornis), 

398. 
xantkosckista (Cnptolopha), 
c96. 474. 
xaiitfactecLista (Svlvia\ 

399. 
xantkosckistos (Pkvllopneuste), 
398. 
Xenogenys, 2, 

Eantkopygia, 249. 
Zeocepkus, 342. 

zya (Sjbia), 180. 

EKB OF IRE FOTJETS TOLU3IFa 

PEINTED BY TAYLOR AND FliASCIS, BED LIOS COUET, TLEET STREET. 

LIST OF PLATES. 


Ldoliisoma tlmoriense ,
marginatumCampopliaga pollopteraArtomvias fulijrinosausslieri ....,. , rErytliromyias dumetoria 
muelleriGervjrone inomata 
fiaveola 
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leucops 
Erytlirocercus maecalli 
r . .. .
living&toniiliving&tonii 
Ebipidura erythronotarufilateralisMyiagra rufiventrisPomarea castaneiventrisCryptolopha* nifieapillaumLrivircBSDigenea leucomelanuramoniligersolitaria «• • • 

* Lettered Culicipeta on the Plate by mistake. 
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PI. II. 

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PI. III. 

J. G.Ke-uleinaxis Mintern BT O S . xrrrp . 
/. ArtomyicLS fujxgvrhoscu. 
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Ph. IV. 

Mmtern Bros. imp. 

J. Or. Ke-ulema 
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J. Gr. Kenlemans MmternBros .imp. 
/. Gerygorw xnornatoj. 

Z. Gerygonjc flaveolw. 
PI .VI. 

J. G.KeulemarLS. 
Mixitern Bros . imp. 

PseuxLogerycforve/ palpebroseis,$. $>. 

Ph. VII. 

Ifotern Bros .imp . 

Pcecihicb-ya s cdbiri ot/y±a. 

pi.vm. 

J.Cr.lfeuLemans. 
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PI .XIT 

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