Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum Volume X 1885 eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin CATALOGUE BIRDS IS" THE BRITISH MUSEUM. VOLUME X. LONDON: PRINTED BY OEDEE OE THE TRUSTEES. 1885. CATALOGUE OP THE PASSERIFORMES, OB PERCHING BIRDS, IN THE COLLECTION OE THE BRITISH MUSEUM. FKINGILLIFOEMES: PAET I. CONTAINING THE FAMILIES DIQMIDffi, HIRUMHNIDJB, AMPELID^ MHIOTILTID^S, AND MOTACILLIDiE. BY E. BOWDLER SHARPE. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1885, PRINTED BY TAILOE AND FRANCISj RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET PREFACE. THE great size to which the Tenth Yolume of the ' Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum' has grown has been caused, in great measure, by the pains which the author has taken in tracing and describing in detail the seasonal changes of plumage of many of the Birds—which could not be attempted without long series of examples marked with the locality and exact date of capture. However, if with the present volume, at least as regards the South-American Avifauna, a greater degree of completeness has been attained than was possible in the preceding portions of the work, it is chiefly due to the recent transference to the British Museum of the two most important collections of South-American Birds that have been brought together in modern times. The first is the celebrated collection of American Passeres, formed by P. L. Sclater, Esq., P.R.S., in the course of the last thirty years. It contains most of the material on which the majority of the publications of this Ornithologist were based, and is, perhaps, the first collection of its kind that was made, at least in this country, with a clear understanding of the great importance of well ascertained localities. Por the second the Trustees are indebted to the generosity of 0. Salvin, Esq., P.E.S., and P. D. Godman, Esq., P.E.S. Pormed with the same care as the Sclater Collection, it surpasses this latter as regards the number of specimens, illustrating more fully PREFACE. the geographical range arid diversity of plumage of each species. Beside the specimens obtained by the donors themselves during their travels in Central America, or by collectors who worked for them, it contains a very complete series of South-American Birds* As the arrangements for depositing this collection in the British Museum were not completed before a large portion of the volume had been printed, a considerable number of the specimens had to be enumerated at the end of the work, among the "Addenda." Of the other donors who have contributed to the series described in this volume, I have to mention the U.S. Xational Museum, Capt. Stackhouse Pin will, Col. Bwinhoe, Capt. Bingham, W. Davison, Esq., Dr. Jentink, Hr. 11. Collett, Edward Xewton, Esq., C.M.G., Dr. Taczanowski, and Prof. Giglioli. ALBE11T GOrTHEli, Kteptr of the Department of Zoology. British Museum (H. II.), March !), 1885. INTRODUCTION. Ix the present Tolume 448 species are described, represented by 4590 specimens. Of these the Museum contains the types of 88, and 52 species arc still desiderata to the collection. The series of Neotropical birds has been rendered wonderfully complete by the addition of the collections of Dr. Sclater and of Messrs. Salvin and Godman; whilst through the hearty co-operation of Professor Baird, on behalf of the United-States National Museum, numerous valuable North-American birds have been received during the past year. The collection of the Old-World species of the families described in the present volume is also tolerably perfect; and many of the migratory species are represented by series of specimens illustrating their geographical distribution in a full and satisfactory manner. Much remains to be done to complete our knowledge of the changes of plumage of the Wagtails and Pipits. In my study of the latter birds I have not relied solely on the series in the British Museum, but I have likewise examined the collections of Canon Tristram, Capt. Wardlaw-Ramsay, Capt. Shelley, Mr. Seebohm, and Mr. P. Nicholson, to each of whom I return my thanks. The Museum is also under obligation to the following gentlemen for the loan of valuable specimens:—Count Salvadori, Marquis Doria, Mr. H, K. Coale (of Chicago, U.S.A.), and Prof. Mattozo Santos (Director of the Eoyal Zoological Museum at Lisbon). The affixes to the* specimens are the same as in previous volumes of the Catalogue. "[P.]" means "Presented by;" "[C.j "= u Collected by;" " [E.] "=" Received in exchange." Where none of these signs are used, the specimens have been acquired by purchase. R. BOWDLER SHARPE. British Museum (N. H.), March D, 18b."). SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Order PASSERIFORMES. Suborder PASSERES. 1. ACEOMYODL a, Passeres normales. (Continued.) SECTION FBItfGILLIFOBMBS. Fain. DIC^JID J3. Page 1. Ileinignatliius Lieht 3 1. obbcurus (Gm.) 4 2. olnaceus (Lafr.) 4 3. lucidus, Liclit 5 2. Drepaiks, Temm 5 1. pacitica (Gm.) o S. Vestiaria, Flem 0 1. coccinea (Merr.).... 6, 630 4. Himatione, Cab 8 1. bctnguinea (Gm.) 8 2. virens ( Gm.) 9 5. Dicseum, Cuv 10 1. nammeuni (Sparrm.) .. 14 2. cruentatum (X.) „ 15 a. nigrimentum, Salvad. . 17 j3. piyeri7 Sharpe 18 3. sumatranum, Cub 18 4. igaifexuxii, Wall 18 6. hirucdinaceuni (Lath.).. 19 0. igiiicolle, Gray 21 7. keiense, Salvad, 22 8. iidgidum, Set 22 9. celebicunij Mull. § SchL . S3 10. sanghlrense, Salvad 24 ^.11 . suTaense, Sharpe 24 12. &anguinolentum? Temm.. 25 13. mackloti, Mult Sf SchL.. 25 14. balvadorii, Meyer 2(5 15. rubro-coronatum, Sharpe 26 10. pulchrius, Sharpe 27 17. rubrigulare, D Albert, fy Salvad. 28 18. albo-punctatmn,D>l$£rtf. ty Salmd. 26 19. scliistaceicepSj Gray.... 28 20. vulneratum. Wall. 29 21. pectorale, Mull § SchL . 29 VOL. X. ""** Bag* 22. .geneum, Jacq. § Pucker.. 30 23. eryJhEpJhnrax, Less 31 24. layardoium, Salvad 32 25. eximium, Scl. 33 2(5. umtorensse, Salvad. 33 27. my&oriense, Salvad 34 2t>. geelvinkianum, Meyer .. 34 29. tristrami, Sharpe 34 30. retroeinctuui, Gould 35 31. hsematostictuni, Sharpe . 35 32. rubri venter, Lew 36 33. hypoleucum, Sharpe .... 37 i S4."mmdanen^e, Tweedd. .. 37 35. tijtgoiipfetigma (Scop.) .. 38 ' 36. dorsale, Sharpe 40 37. xanthopygium, Tweedd. . 40 38. eluereiguiaie, Tweedd. .. 40 39. ignipectu> (Hudgs.) 41 40. pjgmajum {Kittl.) 43 41. dmSbiTlicjeum, Temm.,. 44 i 42. toxioAor^Jfrd. 45 I 43. inurnatum {Ihdys.) .... 45 j 44. virescens, Hume 46 I 45. minullum, Sidnh. ...... 47 I 46. e\eretti, Ticredd. 47 I 47. eiTtlirorh} ncliuin (Lath.) 48 I 6. Luxioides, Orn. 49 , 1, bailleui, Oust 49 ! 7. Loxops, Cab 49 1. coccinea (Gm.) 50 2. rosea (Dole) 50 3. aurea (Dole) 50 8. Psittirostra, Temm 51 1. paittacea (Gm.) 51 ,.^-0, PinaroloxiaSj Sharpe 52 ' 1. inornata (Gould) 52 10. Oreocharis, Sahad. 53 1. arfaki (Meyer) 53 ILPaTdalotus, K 54 1. om^m^Tefnnh 55 a. assimllis, Ramsay .... 56 j 2. ajfinis^ Gould 57 3. pu^qtatus, Shaw 58 4. xanthopygius, McCoy .. 59 5. ruBncatus, Goidd 60 s 6. melanocephalus, Gould.. 60 7. uropygialis, Gould 62 i H. quadragintiiH, Gould.... 62 b \ bY^f F1IATIC INDEX. Page Pa^e 12. P&nnoptila, Cass. ........ o;3 /& coaeolor {Sykes} .. . 108 L wooaliousiiT Cass. ...... 83 5. rupestris (Scop.) . . 109, 630 13. Ptioauchilu*. SiriekL 63 6. obsoletal Cab Ill L percu^u»j Temm. ..... . Go S. TaelveSeta, Cab 112 2. i«nnSip3lu« \Eytoa) Co 1. allJiventris (Bodd.) 113, G:10 3. xantliopvgiu*-, Salvad. .. 00 2. Isjjmrrb^jT.) . 114, C31 4. ilia'aeiais \ Tftnm.) ... . 67 3. alLHinea (Z<"KV\ j . 115,631 o. mdculatus {Temm.) .... 60 4. meyeni (Bp.) ... lie, 031 *l quadricolor, Ticetdd..... 70 5. MeoluiMF.i ... . 117,031 7. aureolimbatu*. JT?///..... 70 G. tkilasslnu* {*SV.).. Hi). 631 ft, sansbiren^. hahad..... 71 7. cySeo^ Iridic (J?A) 121,631 0. melanoxanthus (Hodgs.) 71 4. Phedina, Bp 122 10. vinewis. &/ . . 72 1. feprbouica {Gm ) . ... 322 11. ^ju&lidus {Burton) .... 73 2.TO adaga*scai lends, Ha rfl 123 12. modestus* Hume 74 5. Ilirundo, Z . 123 l;i obsobstu* (3J"#- 4* *^/.> 75 4 1. nwtiea?Z... ... . 128,632 14. utivaeeiB ( Ttteedd.) ... . 75 a. «arigmii, >S*/^o/i 133 15. everetti, SJiarpe 70 [3, oSWuralis, *Sh//>. ... . 134 14. Pholidornis Hart I 70 y. frvthropaatra^iiW. 137,632 1. rush la {Cms.) 77 & tvtleri, JSrA - .. 140, 632 t, m\m(um*,hharpefyUs8ker 77 2. tahitica, Gm 141 13. Lobornis, Sharpe 7^ 3. jajanica, Sparrm 142 1. alexaudii, Sharpe ...... 7^ 4. iipoxwia* Gould 144 16. Urocharis, Salvad. 7«^ o. angolf*!^!^, Bucage .... 14o 1. lungicauda (Saltad,) 70 0. bTnda, J. Terr 145 17. Melanochaiis, Scl ... . 70 7. albigujari-a, Strickl. 146 1. nijrra (Xe*8.) 80 5. t'etmopira, Blanf. 14G 2. chloroptera, Salvad feO U. IpueoNjina. Sw.. 147 3. bicolov, Jiamsay ixiNJB. (T. seullii, Seeb 158 1. Cbelidcra, Boie 86 19. danrica, Z 159 ' 1. urbica (Z.) 87,630 a. njtpalensi*, Hodgs. 160? G32 2. casbmiriensis, Ootid.... 00 /3. striolata," Boie 161 3. dasypus, Bp 01 y. japonica, Bp 162 4.1agopus(Pa£) 03 h. erjtbropygia, Sylces.. 164 -5. aM^ena, Heuyl 94 20. melanocrissa, JRupp. . . 1G5 6. uipalensls (Hodgs.) 9*5 ^ \ a. domicella, F. $ H. .. 165 2. Cotile, Bote 95 %^21. badia, Cass. 166 1. nparia (Z.) ...... 90, 630 22. byperytlira, Blyth 167 a. sbelleyi, Sharpe 100 23. serairafa-y Sund. 167 2. cincta (Bodd.) 101 a. gordoni, Jard. 168 &paludicoIa(F.) 102 24. seneffalensls, Z 168 aTvjfaot^Cab 103 2&mffi3P&»tf. •••••• 109 0. eowanij Skarpe 104 26 eucbrysea, Gosse .. 170; 632 y. sinensis (Z E Gray) 104 27. selatep, Cory 171 4. i\j^a^(LieM.) 100 6. Cberamceea, Cab. 171 a. rufigula, Fiseh. Sr 1. lencostenmm (Gould).. 171 Iletchen 107 7. Prtfgne, Bow 172 StSTEMA. INDEX. Page 1. pu££H^(^*) — ^~&9 ^*2 2. fmSSS^Baird.... 175, 633 3. concolor (Gould) 176 . 4. dommiceum (G?n.) 176, 633 5. ffiiestiea ( V.).... 177, 633 ? 6. ena]ybea(6W) .. 178,033 7. tapSiTCX.) 180,633 8. AtifOTa, #0/0 182 *. 1. fa#dat& (#*».).... 183, 634 2. rinerea ( 254 1. superciliosa (HariL) 255, 642 2. americana (X.).... 256, 642 3. gtlayuini ( F).... 259, 643 al inornata, Baird . 260, 643 j3. nlgrilora, Coues . 261, 643 y. insularis (Lawr.) 262, 643 4. gutturags (Cab.) .. 263, 643 7. Dendrceca, Gray 264 a. carbonata (Aud.) 264 j8. montana (Wils.) 265 y. eoa (Gosse) 261), 644 t l.^h%£Gm.) .... 273,644 2. ruficapilla (Gm.) . 275, 644 3. petechia (X.) ... . 277, 644 4. gundlaqbi, Baird 278 5. melanoptera, Lawr. 279, 644 6. capitalis, Baird .. 280, 645 7. rufopileata, Ridgy} 281 8. aureola (GMd) ,, 282,645 9. vielllo^ Cass 283, 645 a, bryanti, Ridgw. . 284, 645 /3. granadensis, Sharpe.. 284 10. rufigtda, Baird .. 285, 645 11. pennsylvanica (X.) 285y 645 12. bl&RTOffiife (Gm.) 288, 646 13. m^mmmfTowns.) 291, 646 14. oca$Htolis (Towns.ym, 647 15. chrvsoparia, Scl. ty Sak 295, 647 Xll SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 16. vixens (Gm.) ... > 297, 647 17. townsendi (Ntdt) . 299, 647 18. d^^^^Z.) ... . 301,648 19. gracijg, Ctes .... 304, 648 20. oecora, Midgw 305 21. frdelaidse^Bah-d ...... 300 22. djeJ^sAtytiidgw 306 23. discolor (F.) ... . 307,64b 24. maculosa (Gm,) . . 309, 64b C 25. CMHSSTIX.) 311, 649 26. auduboni (Totons.). 315, 650 27. paTniarum (Gm.). . 317, 650 28. cutanea (Wils.) . . 320, 650 29. pxtyopEila-(GtmdL).... o22 30. kfrtESJi (Baird) 322 , 31. pinus (Wih.) 323, 650 S2. stnaTa (Forster) . . ^2o} 650 33. cjsripk {Wils.) .. 327, 651 f^ 34. cSnJTescens (Gm.). 329, 651 35. i^SretmXGosse) . . 332, 651 3o. plimibea, Laior. .. 333, (551 8. Perissoglobsa, Baird .... 334 n 1. tigrina (Gm.) ... . 335,651 9. Peucedramus, Coues .... 337 M 1. o]js2GBu& (Giraud). 337,651 10. Siurus, Sw 339 1. auri^apliua, (L.) . . 339, 052 2. motacilla (F.) ... . 342, 652 3. mm^(Bodd.) .. 343, 652 a. notabilis, Ridgw.346 11. Oporornis, Baird 346 l.agilis(JFi&.) ... . 347,653 1 0 2.furmosa(JF&.) .. 348,653 12. Ugm^VoTtj 349 1. palustns, Conj 349 13. Gteothlypis, Cab 350 1. trichas (Z.) 351 oToccidentalis, Breioster 351 2. rostrata, Bryant 355 3. melanopto, Baird 355 4. beffingi, Ridgw 356 5.j>emifla\ a, ScL 357 6. speciofca, ScL 358 7. poliocephala, Baird.... 359 8. sequmoctialis (Gm.) . . 360 9. auricularib, Salv 361 10. chiriquensis, Salv 362 ll.velata (F.) 363 12. wai^Uivrap (Audub.) 364 13.pbik4§^W(^^.) -.366 14. Teretistris, Cab 367 1. fernandinse (Zemb.) .... 368 2. *gjas£ GtZndL 368 15. Granatellus, Bp 369 1. -venustus, Bp 369 2. pekelni, ScL 370 3. francescse, Baird 370 Page ' 4. bdllsei, ScL 371 T8. Icteria, F. 373 \ l. ^ii&lis {*.; 373 a. kmgieauda, Lawr. .. 375 17. Basileuterus, Cab 376 1. luteoviridib (Bp.) 379 2. flaveolusj Baird 3«0 3. mgricristatub (Zafr.) .. 380 4. euopkrjb, ScL § Salv. ,. 382 5. cinereicollis, Sel 3^2 6. culiciyoruh, (Licht) .... 3b3 7. caEani^i, Berkpsch .... 3b4 8.*fr!^triatus (Tbc/tudi) .. 385 ^~- 9. ^an^aJ^m^/tarpe 3bti 10. melanotic, Lawr 'Z^Sj 11. nipridanus, Sharpe .... 387 12. trilWiatub, 2V~ 388 13. liypokueiiN C'lb 3*8 14. eor^picillatus, Salv. ty Godm. 3b9,653 15. cabtaueiceps, ScL *y #«/t\ 389 16. coronalu^ { T^ehudi) .. 390 17. h^Tmtii^Z'Orb^Zafr.) 391 lb. roraniue, hharpe ...... 392 19. auricapillu^ (tf«\) ... . 393 20. tfasen, #e/ 394 21. belli, Giraud ,*]95 22. ctelattrii, Bp ,.. 396 a. mesochr; sus; #(// 396 23. rutifroiis (Sw.) ..' 397 24. inelanot»eny> Baird 398 25. griseicepa, ScL fy Salv... 399 26. leucoblepkarus (V.) ... 400 27. leucophryb, JPek. ...... 400 28. steagulatus (Lieht.) .... 401 29. niesofeucus, ScL 402 30. bolivianus, Sharpe 4Q2 31. leucop\giu^, ScL $ ®alr. 402 - a. YiJja^uen&I^ Shcupe . . 403 32. semicervinus, ScL 404 i aTuropygiali^, ScL 405 18. Ergatlcus, Baird .... 406 1. r^ta (Sw.) 406 2. verbicolor, Salv 407 19. Cardellina, BuBus 408 1 1. rijbrjfi^ns (Giraud) 408 20. SetophatrafiSto 410 1. ruticilla (Z.) 411 2. piclaj Sw. 415 a. guatemalse, Sharpe . . 417 3. ininiata, Sw 418 A ^-B^^^aup 419 A.^&^&^^afr.^D'Orb. 420 5. aurantiaca, Baird .... 421 6. atffion§* ScL Sf Salv. .. 422 7. bairdi, %Sah 423 8. torcjitata, Baird 424 SYSTEMATIC IXDEX. Xlll Page 9. ruficoronata, Kaup 425 10. ornata, Boiss. .... 426 11. cbrysops, Salv 427 12. inelanocepliala, Tsch. . . 427 13. brunneieeps7Z«/>.c§*D'0. 428^ 14. cajta^icagUla*, Cab 429 15. Im^sm^rrCab.) 430 21. Myiodioctes, Aud. 431 a. mimitus ( Wik.) .... 431 1. canadensis (X.) 432 2. pusillus (Wils.) 435 3. meridionalis, Teh 437 4. mitratus (Gin,) 437 Appendix. Polioptila, £ R 440 1. cserulea (L.) • • - 442 2. leinbeyi, Gundl 444 3. dmnicola (V.) .... 444 4. leucogastra (Neuiuied).. 446 5. nigriceps, Baird 447 6. parvirostris, Sharpe .... 448 7. sclateri, Sharpe 449 8. buffoni, ScL 449 9. plumbea, Baird 450 10. californica, Brewster .. 451 11. bilineala, Bp 452 12. lactea, Sharpe 453 13. albilorfe, ScL $ Salv. . . 454 Fain. MOTAGILLID^E. 1. Motacilla, L 457 1* lEaBM& Temm 400 2. alba, L 404 aTBaicalensis, Swinh. . . 470 3. ocjilajis, Swinh. 471 4. luggnSj, 'KittL 474 5. perSKa, Blanf. 479 6. personata, Gould ...... 479 7. leucopsis, Gould 4b2 8. KoaSsoaL Blyth 486 9. vSuaj Sund.. * 488 10. maJieraspatensis (Gm.) . 490 11. grandis, Sharpe 492 12. capensis, L , 493 13. longicauda. Hupp 495 14. flaviventris, Verr 496 15. melariope!"pPall 497 16. citfebla, Tall. 503 17. ci$£e^itfes, Hodgs 507 18. campeffis, Tall. 510 19. taivmh^$wm7i 514 20. fava/X. 516 a.*Tfeema, SgJces 521 VOL. x. Page 21. borealis, Sund. 522 a. cinereocapilla, Savi .. 5*2& 22. feldeprgi, Miehah....... 527 aT^Smox^C.L.Brehm) 531 ^--23. xantliophrys7 Sharpe . . 532 2. Limonidromus, Gould .... 532 1. indicus (Gm.) 532 3. Ai\tKnsT^Beehst 534 1. clitoris, Licht 539 2. Imeiventris, Sund. .... 540 3. crenatusf Jpfosc/* ty HartL 541 4. trivialis, L 543 5. iHXcUiatus, Hodgs 547 6. nilghiriensis, Sharpe .. 550 7. bracliyujrufr, Sund. 551 8. nicbokoni, Sharpe .... 553 9. pyrrhonotus (V.) 555 a. pallidiventris, Sharpe. 560 10. surdidus, Hupp 560 11. jex&oni,*Tittoch 562 12. richardi, V. 564 13. iufuVcatus (Blyth) .... 567 14. btriolatus Blyth "MS 15. campestris (L.) oijd 16. rufulu^, V. 574 a. boeagii, Xichols 579 17. pratensis (L.} 5«0 18. ceninu?, Pall. 5S3 19. rosaceus, llodys 5b9 20. berfcheloti, Bolle 591 21. spipoletta (X.) 592 a. pennsylvanieiiSj Lath. 596, 653 £• j^opicus, T. $• S. .. 598 22. obscurus (Xff^.) 599 23. bogof ensis, Set. 603 24. ant^i^icu^ Cab 604 2o. fmeatus Lafr. § IT Orb. 605 26. rufus (Gm.) . 606 27. cbii, V... 008 28. peruvianus, Nichols (509 29. cprreudera, V. 610 30. gristavjj Stcinh 613 31. aufelralk, V. <$r H .... 615 32. npvie zealandias {Gm.) . 616 33. tendlmiCakJ 618 , 4. Xautliocorys, Sharpe 619 1. nattereri (Sel.) 619 5. Neocorys, Sal 620 1. spraguii (Aud.) 620 6. Oreocorys," Sharpe 622 1. sylvanus (Hodgs.) 622 7. Macro5yx,l&(7 623 1. capensis (L.) 623 2. 'K^Q^ (Bupp.) m$ 3. croceus (V.) 626 4. ameliae, De Tarrag. 628 **** € CATALOGUE OF B I R D S. Order II. PASSERIFORMES (Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). Suborder I. PASSERES (Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). Section B. FRINGILLIFOBMES. (NINE-QUILLED PASSERES.) Wing with nine primaries, the first of which is fully developed and usually very long*. Cf. Wallace, Ibis, 1874, p. 410. The families which Mr. Wallace has arranged in his Series B, Tanagroid Passeres, do not fall easily into a linear series. The Motacillidce ally the group with the Larks (Alcmclidce), which will be treated of under the third Section (C) in a later volume. The Dicceidce cannot be separated far from the Nectariniidai, described in vol. is., and some of the aberrant genera, such as JRhampJiocharis, exhibit a great likeness to some of the MeliJ&. In the following scheme I have attempted to indicate the natural arrangement of the Kine-quilled Passeres as well as their affinities to families not belonging to this section:— Menohaoidge I Dw<®d&—Ampelidm—KirundinidcB—^Muscicapidse Twc&i&&««-Mmotiltid&— Ccerebidce— Tanaqridce—lcteridce~*> \ ;; ;oce*j Alaudidse < ( ^—Motaallidm I | ^—Fringillidm ISturnid® Family DICLEID,E. The members of this family—if we are allowed thus to designate a group of Birds which cannot be denned in exact terms—are principally Indian and Australian, a few representatives being found on the west coast of Africa. Although resembling the Sun-birds in habits, very few have the slender, Creeper-like bill of the latter family; and they differ also in nesting-habits, their nest being a beautiful purse-like structure of felted materials. Key to the Genera*, a. No bastard primary. a!. Upper mandible nearly twice the length of the lower one 1. HEMIGNATHITS, V. Both mandibles of ordinary proportions, and [p. 3. of nearly the same length. a!'. Culmen much curved, and equal to the tarsus in length. anr, Bill curved, and much longer than the head 2. DREPANIS, p. 5. V". Bill curved, but only about the same length as the head 3. VESTIABIA, p. 6. h". Culmen shorter than the tarsus. c'". Bill long and Creeper-like, the culmen exceeding the length of the hind toe and claw. eft. Tarsus very long, more than twice the length of the outer toe and claw 4. HIMATIONE, p. 8. 54. Tarsus shorter, not twice the length of the hind toe and claw ,. . 5. DICJEUM, p. 10. dl". Bill shorter and more Finch-like, the culmen not exceeding the tarsus in length. c4. Wing moderately long, falling considerably short of the tail, and not equalling in length the tail and tarsus combined. a5. Bill very stout, and like that of a Grosbeak; cutting-edge of mandible strongly decurved 6. LOXIOIDES, p. 49. * I am firmly convinced that JSfeodrqpcmis, from Madagascar, placed by Oapt. Shelley and Dr. G-adow (Oat. B. vol. ix. p. 2) in the Nectariniidcs, is really a member of the family Diemdce. 1. HEMIGNATHtrs. b5. Bill more slender; cutting-edge of mandible nearly straight 7. LOXOPS, p. 40. di. Wing very long, exceeding the length of the tail and tarsus combined. c5. Nasal membrane exposed. a6. Bill stout and festooned 8. PSITTIBOSTBA be. Bill pointed and not festooned, [p, 5J# the culmen flattened in front of the nostrils 9. PINABOLOXIAS, c6. Bill stout and Tit-like, the cul- [p. 52. men rounded for its entire [p. 53, length 10. OREOCHABIS, d5. Nasal membrane concealed by r _ . plumes; upper and lower man- , i n n LP- "*• dibles nearly equal \]\ ^HDALOTUS, . With a distinct bastard primary. « U 1 AHMOMILA, c'. Tail short, not exceeding the tip of the LP1 ""• wing by as much as the length of the tarsus, c". No wattles at gape. P-4/* olive, w". Abdomen olive-yellow, contrasting with throat virescens, p. 46. 0". Abdomen ashy like the throat, with a slight wash of olive everetti, p. 47. II. Bill yellowish in the skin, red in life; upper surface plain-coloured erythrorhynchum, p. 48. 1. Dictum flammeum. Motacilla flammea, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, fasc. iv. pi. 98 (1789). Flame-coloured Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. Siqypl ii. p. 251 (1801). Sylvia flammea, Lath. Ind. Orn. p. h i (1801). Le Figuier rouge, Levaill. Ois. cTAfr. iii. pi. 130 (1802). Diceeum rubescens, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. ix. p. 408 (1817). Dictum cruentatum (nee L.), Mors/. Tram. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 168 (1820). JNTectarinia rubrocana, Temm. PL Col. fo pi. 108. figs. 2, 3 (1824). Dicaeum rubricosum, Cuv. Itegtie Anim. i. p. 438 (lb29). Diceeum rubrocanum, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xv. p. 44 (1845); Bp. Consp. i. p. 403 (1850) ; JRekhenb. Handb. Scans, p. 260, Taf. dlvi. figs. 3778-79 (1853) ; JBTorsf. §• Moore, Cat. B. B.L Co. Mus. ii. p. 748 (1856) j Bernst. J. f. O. lbo% p. 278', Vorderm. Nat. Tijdsehr. Ned. Ind. xlii. p. 214 (1882). Dicaeum rubescens, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847); Meichenb. JELandb. Scansorice, p. 240, Taf. dlvi. figs. 3770-77 (1853). Dicseum flammeum, Sundev. Krit. Framst. Sparrm. p. 14 (1857); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 115, no. 1423 (1869); Salmd. Uce. Born. p. 167 (1874); Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 302; Nichols. Ibis, 1879, p. 166, 1881, p. 152; Blusius, iii. JB. Ver. Naiurto. Braunschio. pp. 79-81 (1883). Adult male. General colour above bright orange-scarlet from the base of the bill to the upper tail-coverts; the feathers with a concealed snbterminal band of blue-black, only visible on. the disarrangement of the plumage; scapulars and wing-coverts glossy blue-black; greater coverts, primary-coverts, bastard-wing, and quills black, with a slight gloss of blue-black; tail-feathers deep blue-black; sides of face, sides of neck, throat, and fore neck orange- scarlet ; sides of upper breast and remainder of under surface of body pale ashy, with a slight wash of olive; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts white; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, dusky along the edge of the wing ; quills dusky brown, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-2, tail 1*1, tarsus 0*5. Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above brown, with a reddish tinge on the head and mantle, more olive on the lower back, scapulars, and back; the rump and upper tail- coverts scarlet; tail-feathers blue-black • quills dusky brown, edged 5. Dic^ra. narrowly with olive; lores and eyelid whitish.; ear-coverts ashy whitish ; the sides of the face and cheeks pale brown washed with fulvous, the ear-coverts with indistinct shaft-lines; throat white, separated from the cheeks by a moustachial line of dingy brown; centres of breast and abdomen dull whitish, the fore neck somewhat obscured with ashy-brown edgings; sides of body ashy brown washed with olive ; vent and under tail-coverts buffy white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white; quills brown, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3 -9, tail 1-2, tarsus 0-5. Young male. At first like the adult female, but more orange on the rump and upper tail-coverts. The scarlet plumage is assumed by a direct moult. Hah. Java; Madura {Meyer; Mus. B. G. W. B.) ; ? Borneo. a. <$ ad. sk. Java. G-ould Collection. b, c. d1 ? ad. sk. d, e,f, g. (S ad.; k $ ad. sk. W. Java. W. Java {E. C. Buxton). A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.1 F, Nicholson, Esq. [P.J. i, k $ imm, sk. I, m.($; n. J ; o. $ juv. sk. p. $ ad. sk. W. Java {E. C. Buxton). Java {Horsfield). Java. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.], India Museum. Leiden Museum [P.], 2. Dicseiim cruentatum. The Little Black, "White and Red Indian Creeper, Edwards, Nat. Hist B. pi. 81 (1743-51). Certhia cruentata, Linn. Syst Nat. i. p. 187 (1766); Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 296 (1790). Le Grimpereau a dos rouge de la Chine, Sonn. Voy. Ind. Orient, ii. p. 209, pi. 61. fig. 1 (1776-82). Certhia coccinea, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 91 (1786). Red-backed Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 132 (1787). Certhia erythronotus, Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 290 (1790). Le Souimanga a dos rouge, Audeb. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. ii. p. 57, pi. 35 (1802). Dicasum. erythronotum, Cuv. JRegne Anim. i. p. 410 (3817); McClell. F.Z. S. 1839, p. 167 j Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 983 (1843), xiv. p. 558 (1845). Dicseiim cruentatum, Strickl. Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist xiii. p. 38 (1844); Bh/th, Cat B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 226 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 402 (1850) ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 98 (1850); Tytler, Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xiii. p. 373 (1854) ; Gould, B. Asia, part vi. (1854); Walden, F. Z. S.1866, p. 544; Swink Ibis, 1867, p. 405, 1868, p. 63; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 114, no. 1415 (1869); Swinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 239; id. F. Z. S. 1871, p. 349; Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 155 (1873); id. Str. F. 1874, p. 473,1875, p. 87; Blyth 8r Wald. B. Burm. p. 142 (1875) ; Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 87 ; Armstr. Str. F. 1876, p. 315; Walden, Ibis, 1876, p. 349; David Sf Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 83 (1877); Hume fy Davis. Str. F. 1878, p. 192; Anderson, Zool Exped.'Yunnan, p. 663 (1878); Hume, Str. F. 1879, pp. 56, 90; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 505; Muller, Yog. Insel Salanga, p. 21 (1882); Oates, B. Brit Burm. I p. 332 (1883). 16 DiaaBiDJE. Nectariuia ignita, Begbie, Ann. fy Mag. Nat Hist xvii. p. 408 (1846). DicjBiim coccineum, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847); Horsf. <§* Moore, Cat B. E.I Co. Mus. ii. p. 747 (1856); Jerd. B. Incl L p. 373 (1862); Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 365; Beavan, Ibis, 1809, p. 421; Godiuin-Austen, J. A. S. Beng. xxxix. p. 99 (1870); Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 18. Adult male. General colour above bright scarlet, the mantle slightly mottled with black bases to the feathers; scapulars and wing-coverts glossy steel-blue; quills blackish, externally edged with glossy steel-blue, broader on the secondaries ; tail-feathers blue-black; lores, feathers above the eye, ear-coverts, cheeks, sides of throat, and sides of neck black, with scarcely any steel-green gloss, and extending in a narrow line along the rami of the lower jaw and down on to the sides of the upper breast; throat and under surfaces of body creamy buff, including the thighs and under tail- coverts, the flanks and sides of body ashy grey; axillaries and under wing-coverts pure white; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web; " bill and mouth black ; legs and feet black; iris dark brown; eyelids plumbeous " (E. W. Oates). Total length 3*3 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1-85, tail 1, tarsus 0*45. Adult female. General colour above yellowish olive, a little deeper on the hind neck and mantle; the head with dusky centres to the feathers, producing a slightly mottled appearance; rump and upper tail-coverts bright scarlet; scapulars and wing-coverts dull steel-green, edged with olive; quills dusky brown, with narrow olive margins; tail-feathers blue-black; ear-coverts pale brown ; lores and cheeks ashy fulvous, mottled with dusky bases to the feathers; throat and under surface of body light ochraceous buff, ashy olive on the sides of the throat, sides of body, and flanks; axillaries and under wing-coverts white; quills dusky below, whitish along the edge of the inner web ; " mouth flesh-coloured " (E. W. Oates). Total length 3*25 inches, wing 1-8, tail 0*95, tarsus 0-5. Ohs. Some of the females, apparently very old birds, have a distinct reddish shade on the upper parts. A young female collected by Mr. Oates is lighter olive-yellow above, and has the throat and fore neck more ashy; the rump and upper tail-coverts are saffron-yellow, with some bright scarlet feathers intermixed. Hah. South-eastern Himalayas, throughout the Burmese countries, and Southern China to Hainan, and down the Malayan peninsula to Java and Sumatra. a, b. <$ ? ad.sk. Hainan. R. Swinkoe, Esq. [C.]. c. <$ ad. sk. Cochin China. M. E. Pierre [P.l d. 9- c?5 h-$ ad ^ (Goodwin). Queensland (/. T. E. D. Godman and O. Sab in. i. cS juv. sk. h. $ ad. sk. I 6 ad. sk. m. $ ad. sk. Cockerell). Moreton Bay. Cape York. Cape York. Esqrs. [P.]. Gould Collection. Capt. Stanley [P.l Gould Collection. 5. DICJEUII. 21 n. <5 ad. sk. Cape York. Voy. of H.M.S. ' Challenger.' o, p. S %>&• sk. Thursday Island, Torres Voy. of H.M.S. ' Alert.' Straits (Dr. Coppinger). q. $ ad. sk. Port Darwin (Dr. Cop- Voy. of H.M.S. < Alert/ pinger). r. $ ad. sk. Port Essington. Gould Collection. s. § ad. sk. Port Essington (Copt. Mrs. Lice [P.]. Ince). t $ ad. sk. Quail Island. Dr. J. R. Elsey [P.]. u. <$ ad. sk. York,Western Austra- Gould Collection. lia,Aug.l843 (<££.). 6. Dicseum ignicolle. Dicseum ignicolle, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 173; id. Cat. Mamm. & Birds New Guinea, pp. 22, 55 (1859); id. P.Z.S. 1801, p. 434; Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned Ind. xxv. p. 237 (1863) ; Finseh.Neu- Guinea, p. 163 (1865); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 114, no. 1420 (1869) ; JRosenb. Malay. Arch. p. 364 (1879; ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xvi. p. 68 (1880); id. Orn. Papuasia etc. ii. p. 278 (1881). Adult male (type of species). General colour above dark purplish blue, the wing-coverts like the back; quills black, externally purplish blue like the back; tail-feathers blue-black; lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and cheeks purplish blue; throat, fore neck, and chest scarlet, whitish at extreme base of chin, with a black line skirting the edge of the rami of the jaws; remainder of underpays light yellow; the sides of the body and flanks yellowish olive, separated from the scarlet chest by an indistinct shade of purplish blue, which extends on the sides of the upper breast; in the centre of the breast a broad longitudinal streak of purplish blue; thighs blackish; under tail-coverts scarlet; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a slight tinge of yellow; quills blackish below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2-15, tail 1-1, tarsus 045. Adult female. Differs from the male in wanting the scarlet throat and purplish breast-patch. Upper surface dingy olive, with a purplish gloss on the back and mantle; the rump and upper tail- coverts purple, with reddish edges to the feathers ; wing-coverts and quills purplish black, with narrow olive margins to the former; tail-feathers purplish black; sides of face and ear-coverts dingy olive glossed with purple; under surface of body dull olive-yellowish, whiter on the throat; sides of breast and flanks darker olive; under tail-coverts pale scarlet; under wing-coverts and axillaries white with a slight yellowish tinge; quills below blackish, white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1-95, tail 0*95, tarsus 0-45. A male bird in full plumage is apparently younger than the bird described, as it has the throat lighter scarlet, the breast much more uniform dingy olive, with the pectoral patch of purplish blue smaller and less defined. Hah. Aru Islands. 22 DICJEIDiE. a,b. d2 ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [CJ. (Types of species.) c, d. <$2 ad. sir. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.]. e. S ad. ak. Am Islands (Wallace). Gould Collection. 7. Dicsenm keiense. Dicaeum sp., ZZosenb. Pets, naar Zaidoosfereil p. 80 (1807). Dicoeum keiense, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 314 (1874), xiv. p. 654 (1879), xvi. p. 68 (1880); id. Orn. Papuasia etc. ii. p. 279 (1881). Adult male (Little Key; von Eo&enberg). General colour above glossy purplish blue; wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally glossed with purplish blue; tail-feathers purplish black; lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and cheeks black with a slight purplish gloss; throat and underparts generally scarlet, paler on the throat and richer on the fore neck and breast; sides of the upper breast purplish blue; sides of the body, flanks, and lower abdomen olivaceous: under tail-coverts pale scarlet; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the edge of the wing purplish blue; quills dusky below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*2 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2*15, tail 1*05, tarsus 0*5. Hob. Ke or Key Islands, Moluccas. a. <$ ad. sk. Little Key Island Leiden Museum [P.]. ( Von Rosenberg). 8. Dicaeum falgidxun. DicaBTim fulgidum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 5G; Gould, B. Kew Guinea, part xv. (1883). Adult male. General colour above dark purplish blue; wing- coverts like the back; quills black, externally slightly glossed with purplish blue, a little more distinct on the innermost secondaries; tail-feathers purplish blue like the back, but slightly duller; lores black; sides of face, cheeks, and ear-coverts black, with a slight gloss of purplish blue; a very narrow line of black bordering the rami of the lower jaw pale scarlet; under surface of the body pale scarlet, richer on the fore neck and breast, and extending in a rosy tinge over the sides of the body, the lower flanks and vent being of a light fawn-brown; the chin whitish and the centre of the body als\> mixed with white, the bases of the feathers being of this colour; in the centre of the breast a faintly indicated blackish spot; thighs black; under tail-coverts pale rose-colour; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; edge of wing and adjacent coverts black; quills blackish below, narrowly edged with white along the inner web; "bill, legs, and feet black; iris black" (II. O. Forbes). Total length 3-5 inches, culmen 04, wing 2-15, tail 1*25, tarsus 0-55. 5 . DIC2EUM. 23 Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above olive-brown, greyer on the hoad; wing-coverts black, edged with pale brown, slightly ochraceous on the greater coverts; bastard-wing and primary-coverts blue-black; quills black, narrowly edged with olive-brown, more distinctly olive on the secondaries; tail-feathers blue-black, edged with olive, the outer feathers tipped with dull white on the outer web; lores dull white ; ear-coverts ashy olive; cheeks and throat dull white, becoming tinged with pale ochre on the breast; abdomen and thighs pale ochreous; under tail-coverts very pale scarlet; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, the former tinged with ochreous; quills dusky below, whitish along the edge of the inner web ; " bill, legs, and feet black; iris black " (H. 0. Forbes). Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 045, wing 2*1, tail 1*15, tarsus 0*55. Eab. Tenimber Islands. a. <$ ad. sk. Loetoer, Timor Laut British Association [P.], (H. 0. Forbes). (Type of species.) b, c. $ § ad. sk. Moloe Island, Sept. 1st. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. [C]. 9. Dicseum celebicum. Dicaaum celebicum, Mull, fy ScJd. Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. Land-en Volhenh. p. 182 (1802-44); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847); Bp. Consp. i. p. 403 (1850); JReiehenb. Handb. ScamoricSj p. 240 (1853); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 115, no. 1422 (18G9); Waldtm, Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 72 (1872) j Briigg. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 74 (1878). Dicseum leclancheri, Lafr. Bev. Zool 1845, p. 94,1846, p. 42; Earth Bev. Zool. 1846, pp. 4, 47, 111. Adult male. General colour above dark purple, the wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally purple, the inner secondaries entirely of the latter colour; tail-feathers purplish black; head like the back; lores, sides of face, cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of neck black glossed with purple, as also the malar line; chin white; throat and chest scarlet; remainder of under surface whitish washed with pale yellow, with a broad streak of purplish blue down the centre of the breast; sides of breast purplish blue, dingy olive on the lower flanks; thighs blackish; under tail-coverts white, washed with olive-yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the edge of the wing black; quills blackish below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1*8, tail 0*95, tarsus 0*5. Adult female. Different from the male, and wanting the scarlet throat and purple breast-patch. General colour abcvc ashy purple, washed with olive, especially on the lower back and rump; upper tail-coverts deeper purple; wing-coverts dull purple; quills blackish, externally washed with purple; tail-feathers purplish black; lores whitish; sides of face and ear-coverts dull ashy washed with purple; throat and breast ashy whitish; remainder of under surface pale yellowish, including the under tail-coverts; flanks and sides of body 24 DIC^lIDJE. yellowish, more ashy on the sides of the upper breast; under wing- coverts and axillaries white; quills dusky below, white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3-25 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 1-85, tail 0-9, tarsus 0-45. Hob. Celebes. a, b. S ad. sir. Celebes. Gould Collection. c, d. d ad. sk. Menado. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l e,f. 6 2 ad. sk. g! <$ ad. sk. Menado. Macassar. A. R Wallace, Esq. *C.\ A. R. Wallace, Esq. [_G.]. 10. Dicseum sanghirense. Dicseuna sanghirense, JSalvad. Ami. Mas. Civic. Genov. is. p. 33 (1877). Adult male. General colour glossy dark indigo-blue; the wing- coverts like the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, externally edged with blue like the back; tail blue-black; head like the back; lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and cheeks black, also slightly glossed with blue, the sides of the throat also black along the malar line; chin white; lower throat and fore neck scarlet; remainder of under surface white with a yellowish tinge; the sides of the body dark ashy grey, blacker on the sides of the upper breast; down the centre of the breast a broad longitudinal mark of black washed with blue; under tail-coverts white with longitudinal black centres; axillaries and under wing-coverts white; quills blackish below, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*3 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1*95, tail 1*05, tarsus 0*5. (Mus. B. G. Wardlaiv Ramsay.) Hal. Sanghir Islands. 11. Dicseum sulaense, Diceeum celebicum (nee Mull fy 8chl\ Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 342. Dicseum sulaense, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1883; p. 579. Adult male. General colour above purple, the wing-coverts like the back; quills black, externally purple; lower back and rump slightly washed with olive; upper tail-coverts and tail deep purple; lores, sides of face, cheeks, and ear-coverts dusky purple; chin whitish; a narrow line along the edge of the lower jaw blackish; throat and chest fine scarlet; in the centre of the breast a broad streak of dull purplish black; abdomen and under tail-coverts yellowish white; sides of upper breast ashy washed with olive; sides of body and flanks dull yellowish olive; axillaries and under wing-coverts white with a faint tinge of yellow; quills blackish below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*65 inches, culmen 0'4, wing 2*05, tail 1*15, tarsus 0*55. Hah. Sula Islands. a. Ad. sk, Sula Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. (Type of species.) 5 . DICTUM. 12. Dicaeum sanguinolentum. Dicceum sanguinolentum, Temm. PI. Col. iv. pi. 478. fig. 2 (1829) • Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847;; Bp. Consp. i. p. 403 (1850) • Reichenb. Handb. Scans, p. 240, pi. dlvii. fig. 3783 (1853) : Gray Hand-l B. i. p. 114, no. 1418 (1809); Nichols. Ibis, 1881, p. 152 • Meyer, Vog. etc. Ostind. Arch. p. 39 (1884). ' Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy purplish, blue; the wing-coverts like the back; primary-coverts, bastard- wing, and quills blackish, externally washed with purplish blue; tail-feathers blackish, with a purple gloss; lores, sides of face, ear- coverts and cheeks, sides of throat, sides of neck, and sides of upper breast black; throat, fore neck, and upper breast crimson, paler towards the throat; remainder of under surface of body sandy buff, with a black streak down the centre of the lower breast and upper abdomen; thighs dusky blackish; flanks dingy blackish, with a slight wash of olive; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, blackish along the edge of the wing ; quills dusky below, ashy brown along the edge of the inner web ; " iris dark blue " (H. O. Forbes). Total length 3*3 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*95, tail 1, tarsus 0-5. (Mas. Lugd.) Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above dusky, with a gloss of steel-blue; the upper tail-coverts scarlet; tail blue-black ; wing-coverts like the back, and glossed in the same manner; quills blackish, with a light steel-blue gloss externally; ear-coverts and sides of face dusky washed with olive, with narrow pale shaft-lines and an indistinct eyebrow of pale olive; under surface of body sandy buff, slightly mottled on the fore neck and breast with obsolete ashy margins ; axillaries and under wing-coverts dull white. Total length 3 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*8, tail 1, tarsus 0*5. Sab. Java. a, b. <$ 5 ad. sk. "W. Java. A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [C.]. c. # ad. sk. Tapos, Java (von HasseW). Gould Collection. d. $ ad. sk. Java (Diard). Leiden Museum [P.]. 13. Dicaeinn macMoti Dicseiim mackloti, Mull. 8f Schl. Verh. Natuurl. Gesoh. Land-en Volkenk. p. 162 (1839-44); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847); Bp. Consp. i. p. 433 (1850) ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486* Finsch, New Guinea^. 163 (1865); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 115, no. 1433 (1869). Microchelidon maeklotii, Reichenb. Handb. Scans, p. 244 (1853). Adult male (type of species). General colour above dark purplish blue, the wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally purplish blue like the back; rump and upper tail-coverts bright scarlet, with purplish-blue bases to the feathers; tail-feathers purplish black; lores, sides of face, ear- coverts, and cheeks dark purplish blue like the face, running down the sides of the throat, and forming a broad band across the breast, 26 DIC^EID^:. and enclosing a large scarlet patch on the throat and fore neck; chin and sides of upper throat white; remainder of under surface of body creamy white, with a broad line of black down the centre of the abdomen, continuous with the sides of the breast-band; thighs and under tail-coverts creamy white; axillaries and under wing- coverts white, with the edge of the wing black; quills black, white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*6 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-15, tail 1*25, tarsus 0*55. (llus. Luyd.) Adult female. Much duller in colour than the male, dusky brown glossed with purplish; wing-coverts like the back ; quills blackish, obsoletely margined with dull olive-brown; lower rump and upper tail-coverts scarlet; tail-feathers blue-black ; lores ashy, surmounted by a narrow whitish line - sides of face and cheeks ashy brown, extending down on to the sides of the breast, where it is mixed with black; fore part of cheeks whitish; entire under surface of body white, with a slight tinge of olive on the flanks ; in the centre of the breast a dusky patch; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, dusky along the edge of the wing • quills dusky below, white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2-05, tail 1*05, tarsus 0*5. (JMus. Lnr/d.) The male from Lombock has a longer and more slender bill than the examples from Timor. Rah. Timor; Lombock. a, b. S ad.; e. $ ad. sk. E. Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. r0.1 d. 2 ad. sk. Timor Deffi. A. E. Wallace, E&q. fO.t e. cf ad. sk. Lombock. A. B. Wallace, Esq. [C.J. 14. Dicaeum salvadorii. Dicseum salvadorii, Meyer, Vog. etc. Osttnd. Arch. p. 38 (1884). Adult male. Above shining blue-black; the upper tail-coverts, throat, and breast bright brick-red ; below yellowish, with a broad median streak of blue-black on the belly; under wing-coverts white. Total length 3*4 inches, bill 0*4, wing 2-3, tail 1-3, tarsus 0*6. Hab. Island of Babbar, Moluccas. 15. Dicaeum rubro-coronatum, (Plate I. &g. 1.) Dicseum rubrocoronatum, Sharpe, Nature, 1876, p. 339; Salcad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 31 (1876) ; Skarpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, ZooL xiii. p. 496 (1877) ; Mamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. 2Vr. S. W. i p. 390 (1876),hi. p. 110 (1878), p. 276 (1879), iv. n. 98 (1879); Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xvi. p. Q8 (1880); id. Orn. Papuasia etc ii. p. 276 (1881). Adult male. General colour above deep purplish blue, the scapulars and wing-coverts like the back ; quills blue-black, with slight remains of olive margins to the feathers, rather reddish on the inner secondaries and greater coverts ; rump and upper tail-coverts bright scarlet; tail-feathers blue-black; crown of head bright scarlet; 5 . DIC-ZEUM. 27 nape and hind neck black, glossed -with purple; lores dusky; feathers over the eye black; sides of face and cheeks dingy olive, blacker on the ear-coverts• a distinct dusky malar stripe; throat •whitish, with a tinge of olive ; on the fore neck a large spot of scarlet; sides of breast ashy washed with olive ; breast and sides of body dull olive, a little clearer on the lower flanks; abdomen pale yellowish olive; under tail-coverts light rose-colour, with dusky olive bases; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, with a slight wash of yellow; quills dusky below, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*2 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2, tail 1, tarsus 0*45. Adult female. Differs from the male in being duller coloured and in wanting the scarlet patch on the fore neck; the scarlet on the head is more subdued, as well as on the rump and upper tail-coverts; cheeks and ear-coverts more olive ; throat white, with a slight tinge of yellow; centre of body pale yellowish; the flanks and sides of body pale olivaceous ; under tail-coverts also yellowish, with dusky-olive bases; sides of breast ashy grey; remainder of plumage as in the male. Total length 3*2 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 1*9, tail 0*9, tarsus 0*45. Young. "Wants the scarlet breast-patch, as well as the scarlet head and rump. * General coloration dingy olive, a little more yellowish olive on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing and primary-coverts blue-black; quills blue- black, edged with olive, rather paler on the margins of the inner secondaries and greater wing-coverts ; sides of face and under surface of body dull olive, more olivaceous yellow in the centre of the breast and abdomen; bill pale yellowish, dusky at tip and along the culmen. Hah. South-eastern New Guinea. a, b. d1 $ ad.; c. Juv. sk. Port Moresby. O. C. Stone, Esq. [0.]. (Types of species.) d. S ad. sk. Port Moresby. K. Broadbent, Esq. [C.]. 16. Dicseum pulchrius. (Plate I. fig. 2.) Dicseuni rubrocoronattim {nee Sharpe, 1876), Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc.f Zool. xvi. p. 436. Dictum pulchrius, Sharpe, P. Z. S.1883, p. 579. Adult male. Similar to D. ruhro-coronatum, but distinguished by the absence of grey on the sides of the breast, the entire sides of the body being yellowish olive, clearer ochraceous on the centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts, the latter having not the slightest tinge of rose-colour • the scarlet on the head more extended, and reaching to the nape. Total length 3*2 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*05, tail 1, tarsus 0*4. Hah. Astrolabe Mountains, S.E. JSTew Guinea. a. DICL2EIDiE. 27. Dicasnm mysoriense. Dicscum geelvinkianum, pt., Meyer, Sitz. K. Akad. Wien} kx, p. 120(1874). .. Dictum mysoriense, Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civic. Genov. vn. p. 94o (1875), xvi. p. 67 (1880) ; id. Orn. Pajmasia etc. ii. p. 275 (Ifcbl). Adult male. Similar to B. maforense, but with a much smaller spot of scarlet on the fore Leek, and decidedly greyer on the sides of the body. Total length 3 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2, tail 0*85, tarsus 0-5. Hab. Island of Mysore or Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink, XW . New Guinea. a. Ad. sk. Misori (Meyer). Gould Collection. 28. Dicssum geelvinMaaum. Diceetrm geelvinkianum, Meyer, Sitz. K. Alrid. Wien, Ixx. p. 120 (1874); Gould, B. Few Guinea, part ix. (3fc70). Dicseum jobiense, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 045 (1875), xvi. p.* 08 (1880)3 id. Orn. Tupuada etc. p. 275 (18bl). Similar to D. mysoriense, but distinguished by the head and upper tail-coverts being bright red of the same tint; a moderately large red spot on the breast; upper surface greenibh. Measurements as in D. mysoriense. (Salvadori.) Hah. Island of Jobi, in tho Bay of Geelvink, XW . Xew Guinea. 29. BicsBum tristrami Dicsemoi tristrami, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 579; id. in Gould's B. New Guinea, part xviii. (1884). Adult male (type of species). General colour above chocolate-brown, the manile slightly streaked with a few hoary whitish margins to the feathers; wing-coverts darker chocolate-brown than the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish brown, the inner secondaries chocolate-brown like the back ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish brown, contrasting strongly with the back; head brown, but mottled with blaekisk-browii centres to the feathers, the plumes of the forehead and vertex margined with hoary whitish; a line of feathers above the eye and ear-coverts hoary white, the latter slightly mottled with brown bases; lores, eyelid, fore part of cheeks, and base of chin blackish; hinder cheeks, throat, and fore neck hoary white, with brown bases to the feathers ; sides of neck like the back; centre of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure white, the sides of the body ashy; sides of upper breast brown, with hoary whitish edges to the feathers; axillaries and under wing- coverts white; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web; bill black; "feet black; iris grey" (Ricliards). 5 . DICiETJM. 35 Total length 3 5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-3, tail 1-15, tarsus 0%55. (Mus. H. B. Tristram.) I/ah. San Cristoval, Solomon group (Richards). 30. Dicsram retrocinctam. DicsBiim retrocinctum, Gould, Ann. <§• May. Nat. Hist. (4) x. p. 114 (1872); Walden, Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 200 (1875); Gould, B. Asia, part xxvii. (187*5); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. "viii. p. 509 (1876) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Orn. Works Tweedd. p. 658 (1881). Adult male (type o£ species). General colour above black with a leaden-blue gloss, the lower back and rump more ashy; scapulars and wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, externally glossed with steel- blue ; upper tail-coverfcs like the back ; tail-feathers black, edged with leaden blue; head like the back, from which it is separated by a collar of scarlet; lores, sides of face, cheeks, and ear-coverts, as well as sides of neck, black glossed with leaden blue; throat, fore neck, and centre of chest dull black, with a slight leaclen-blue gloss; on the upper throat a spot of scarlet; centre of breast also scarlet, forming a longitudinal patch ; sides of fore neck and sides of breast white, skirting the black throat and scarlet breast till it reaches the abdomen, which is white, as wTell as the thighs and under tail- coverts ; flanks ashy grey; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white; quills blackish below, white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-05, tail 1, tarsus 0*5. Bob. Island of Luzon, Philippine Archipelago. a. $ ad. sk. Manila, Luzon. Gould Collection. (Type of species.) b. $ ad. sk. Philippines (IT. Cuming). Eyton Collection. 31. Dicseum hsematostictum. Dicseum hfematostictum, SJiarpe, Nature, Aug. 1876, p. 297; id. Trans. Linn. 8oe. 2nd ser. Zool. vol. i. p. 339 (1876); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 286; Wardlato Ramsay, Orn. Works Ticeedd. p. 658 (1881). Adult male. Above blue-black, lower part of the back more slatecolour ; upper tail-coverts black; wing-coverts uniform with the back, the greater series, as well as the quills and tail-feathers, blackish brown, externally margined with greenish; sides of the face black; the cheeks and under surface of the body white, the flanks washed with ashy; a transverse band on the fore neck slaty black; breast and middle of abdomen bright crimson, the former spotted on both sides with slaty black; under tail-coverts and under wing-coverts white; the inner edge of the quills margined with 36 DIC2EIDJB. Trhlte below; bill and feet black. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*1, tail 1*2, tarsus 0*55. Young. Differs from the adult in being slaty grey above, the -wings and tail being blacker, with greyish margins to the feathers; under surface of body ashy whitish, washed vdth yellowish on the abdomen and with greyish on the sides of the body. Hab. Islands of Guimaras and Xegros, in the Philippine archipelago. a. <$ ad. sk. Guimaras. Prof. J. B. Steere ~C.^. b,c. 3 ? ad. sk. Negros. Prof. J. B. Siteie _Cm. d. Juy. sk. Negros. Prof. J. B. Steere ^C.^,. 32. BicsBum rubriventer. Le Manikor de la Nouvelle Guinee, Daubent PL Enl. v. pi. 707. rig. 2. Le Manikor, Buff. Hist Nat Ois. iv. p. 431. Papuan Manakin, Lath. Gen. 8yn. h. p. 532 (1783). Pipra papuensis *, Gm. Syst Nat i. p. 1004 (17fefe). ^ Muscicapa papuensis, Temm. Man. . Cun:\); Horsf. # Mo,re, Cut. B. FJ. Co. Mus. ii. p. 748 (18^4); Sclater, F.Z. S. 1803. p. 220; Walcl F.Z.S. 1806, p. 545; Beavan, Ibis, 18G9, p. 422; Gratf, Ilcmd-l B. i. p. 114, no. 1410 (1809); Godwin-Ausf. J. A. S. JSeng. xxxix. p. 303 (1870); Wald. Ibis, lfc72, p. 380; IImm\ Sir. F. 1874, p. 473; Salmd. TJce. Bom. p. 100 (1874); Bhjtk § Wald. B. Burm. p. 142 (1875) ; Waidea, Mis. 1^70, p. 349,* pi x. fig*. 2; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 42; id. Trans. Linn. Soc."2nd ,«er. Zool. i. p.340 (1876); Tweedd. Ibis, 1^77, p. 302; Hume b Daiima, Sir. F. 1878, p. 194; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 201; id. P. Z. S. 1^79, p. 343; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 90; Bimjkam, S'r. F. 1680, p. VX>; Wardlav) Ramsay, Orn. WorJcs Tweedd. p. V>58 (1881); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 796; Mutter, Vbq. Insel Salanga, p. 22 (l->S2f: Gates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 330 (ItS^. Adult male. Above particoloured; head and hind neck glossy leaden blue ; back bright yellow, deeper and inclining to rich orange on the mantle and upper back; scapulars and wing-coverts glossy leaden blue; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, with narrow slaty-blue edges; upper tail-coverts slaty blue; tall- feathers black, with a narrow edging of slaty blue; lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and sides of neck leaden blue, more slaty grey on the cheeks; throat and fore neck pale slaty grey; remainder of under surface of body rich orange, inclining to bright yellow on the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts ; thighs ashy whitish; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white, mottled with slaty grey on the edge of the wing; quills blackish below, white along the ed^o 5 . DIC2ETJM. of the inner web; "bill black; legs and feet horny black; iris brown " (Davison). Total length 3*3 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*9, tail 0*9, tarsus 0*55. Adult female in breeding-plumage (from nest). Different from the male. General colour above olive, becoming lighter and more yellow on the lower back, and deepening into orange on the rump; head and hind neck dull lead-colour, olive on the forehead; wing-coverts and quills leaden brown, narrowly edged with olive, the primaries fringed with slaty grey; upper tail-coverts dull olive; tail-feathers black, with narrow olive margins; lores and sides of face dull ashy, washed with olive; throat and chest ashy, the former washed with olive; remainder of under surface of body bright yellow, including the under tail-coverts, the centre of the breast deepening into orange; sides of body and flanks olive-greenish; axillaries and under wing- coverts white; quills dusky brown below, white along the edge of the inner web ; " upper mandible from tip to nostril and tip of lower mandible blackish horny; base of upper mandible reddish brown; lower mandible, except the tip and gape, pale orange-brown to orange-vermilion ; legs, feet, and claws greenish to dark plumbeous; iris grey to dark brown " ( W. Davison). Total length 3 inches, wing 1*8, tail 0*9, tarsus 0-55. Young male. Like the adult female, but distinguished ~bj its yellowish-white bill, with a brown tip to both mandibles. The whole upper surface is olive-greenish, olive-yellow on the rump; underneath also the whole colour is olive-yellowish, brighter on the abdomen. Hah. Prom hills of KE . Bengal, through Burmah and Tenasserim, down the Malayan peninsula to Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. Stated by me to have occurred in Prof. Steere's collection from the island of Negros. This identification has been questioned by Lord Tweeddale, but I do not think I could have been mistaken. a. 2 ad. sk. Pegu, Aug. 27. E. W. Oates, Esq. [C.]. b. 2 ad. sk Tavoy (Briggs). Gould Collection. c} d. <$ ad. * e. $ Tenasserim (Heifer). India Museum. ad.; /. Juv. sk. gji. <$ ad. et j LIV. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O. ]. sk. i, k, I, on. S) n} o. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum. 2 ad. sk. _p.cJjuv.sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum. q, r. 2 ad. sk. Penang (Cantor). India Museum. Sjt. 2 ad.; u. <$ W. Java (E. C Buxton). F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.], juv. sk. v. <$ ad. sk. Batoc Islands, Sept. 1857 Gould Collection. (Mm. Lugd.). w. ; Jerd. B. IndX p. 374 (1862); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 114, no. 1417 (1869) ; Hume, Ibis, 1870, p. 437 ; Blanf. t. c. p. 467; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 380; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 473; Sakad. Vce. Bum, p. 168 (1874); Godwin-Austen, J. A S. Beng. xlili. pt. 2, p. 1-36 (1874); Blyih $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 142 (1875); Sharpe, Ihis, 1877, p. 17; Hume <§• Davison. Str. F. 1878, p. 195; Atiderssun, Zool Yunnan Exped. p. 063 (1878); Hume, Str. F. 1879, pp. oU, 190; Bingham, Str. F. 1880, p. 170; Oafcs, j&r. P. lfcSl, p. 198* Nichols. Ibis, 1881, p. 151; Kelham, t. c. p. 50-3; Midler, Vog. Insel Salanga, p. 22 (1882) ; Gates, B. Brit. Burm. \. p. 335 (1^3). Dicaeum chrysochlore, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 1009 (1^43). Adult male (type of species). General colour above dull yellowish olive, a little more pronounced on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wing-eoverts like the back; bastard-wing, primary- coverts, quills, and tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with yellowish olive ; crown of head, sides of face, and ear-coverts yellowish olive like the back, a little more dusky below the eyes and on the lores, above the latter being a small linear streak of dull white; cheeks white, separated from the throat by a moustaebial line of dusky blackish, which also skirts the edges of the lower jaw; throat white; remainder of under surface of body creamy white, broadly streaked with blackish on the fore neck, breast, and sides of the body, the streaks more or less washed with olive, especially on the lower flanks, where the stripes are less distinct; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the edge of the wing dusky; quills dull brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web-" iris crimson" (A. Everett) ; " upper mandible and tip of lower mandible black, rest of lower mandible plumbeous ; legs and feet very dark plumbeous; iris orange-red to bright crimson" {Davison). Total length 3*9 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-35, tail 1*2, tarsus 0*6. {Mus. Lugd.) Adult female' (Borneo). Identical in plumage with the male; " iris orange - legs leaden " {A. Everett), Total length 3*8 inches, wing 2*35, tail 1*1, tarsus 0*55. Hob. From the Eastern Himalayas, through the Burmese countries, down the Malayan peninsula, to Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. a. Ad. sk. Nepal {Hodgson). India Museum. b. d ad. sk. Rangoon, Oct. 1874. E. W. Gates, Esq. [0.]. e. Ad. sk. Tenasserim {Heifer). India Museum. d. S ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l e>f; 9i h> -A-d. sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum. Ad. sk. West coast of Sumatra. Dr. Eaber [C.]. 5 . DIOMTM. 45 42. DicsBum concolor. Dictum concolor, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 227 (1840); id, IU. Ind. Orn. pi. 39 (1847); Gray, Gen. B. I p. 100 (1847) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 227 (1849) ; JBp. Consp. i. p. 403 (1850)• Reichenb. Handb. Scans, p. 241, Taf. dlvi. %. 3780 (1853); Jerd. B. Bid. i. p. 375 (1862); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 115, no. 1424 (1869); Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 156 (1873) ; Morgan, Ibis, 1875, p. 316 ; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, pp. 26Q, 265, & 1877, p. 399; Hume, Sir. F. 1879, p. 90. Adult male. General colour above dingy olive-brown, rather more ashy olive on the mantle and upper back; wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing and primary-coverts uniform dark brown; quills dark brown, narrowly edged with dull olive-yellowish, moie distinct on the secondaries ; tail-feathers dark brown, slightly margined with olive• head like the back, but mottled with dusky centres to the feathers; extreme base of forehead, lores, and eyelid whitish, as also a slight eyebrow; ear-coverts pale dingy olive, with hair-like whitish shaft-lines; cheeks and feathers below the eye, as well as the throat, whitish, faintly washed with olive* centre of breast and abdomen very pale olive-yellowish, as well as the thighs and under tail-coverts; the chest, sides of breast, and sides of body ashy olive; under wing-coverts and axillaries white with a faint yellowish tinge ; quills dusky below, whitish along the edge of the inner web ; " bill slate-colour; legs dark slaty brown; iris brown " (B. G. W. B.). Total length 3*7 inches, cnlmen 0*45, wing 2, tail 1*15, tarsus 0-5. (Mus. B. G. Wardlaw Bamsay.) Adult female. Similar to the male, but rather darker olive-brown above. Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1-95, tail 1*05, tarsus 0-5. (Mus. B. G. W. B.) Hub. Hills of Southern India. a. Ad. sk, Coonoor, Aug. 24,1876 Capt. R. G. "Wardlaw (22. G. W. JR.). Ramsay. 43. Dicseum inomatum. Myzanthe inornata, 'Hodys. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Basseres, pi. 37. no. 395; id. in Grai/s Zosl. Misc. p. 82 (1844) • Gray, List Mamm. 4* B. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 60 (1846). Dicseum olivaceum, Walden, Ann. §* Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xv. p. 401 (1875) ; id. in Blyth, B. Bnrm. p. 143 (1875) ; Hume, JStr.F. 1875, p. 403', 1876, p. 498; Tiveedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 302 • Hume $ Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 195; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 90; Bingham, Str. F 1880, p. 171 j Gates, B. Brit. BvrmJL p. 333 (1883). Dicseum inornatum, Sha?ye, B. Z. S. 1883, p. 580. Adult (type of species). General colour above dull olive, a little clearer olive on the rump and lower back; lesser and median wing- coverts like the back ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts uniform blackish brown ; greater coverts and quills blackish brown, edged with olive, brighter and more yellow on the primaries; tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with olive; lores, sides of face, and cheeks 46 DI02EIDJE. pale ashy olive, as also a line of feathers over the eye; the upper part of the ear-coverts darker olive-brown; throat and under surface of body yellowish white, the chest and breast as well as the sides of the body and Hanks washed with ashy olive• under tail-coverts yellowish white; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, slightly washed with olive-yellow • quills blackish brown, edged with ashy whitish along the inner web; " upper mandible and tip of lower mandible very dark brown or black: rest of lower mandible pale plumbeous; legs and feet very dark plumbeous* iris deep brown *7 (Davison). Total length 3 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1*0, tail IHJD, tarsus 0-45. Obs. Although the typical specimens of D. iiioniafunt are in worn and abraded plumage, I do not think there is any question respei ting the identity of Dicccum olivaceum of Walden with the Nepal bird. I have compared the types of the two species. I have albo no doubt that the supposed male of Myzanthe ignipeclus, killed by Dr. Scully in the Presidency Grounds in Nepal on the 3rd of July, which puzzled him so much as to its identity, was really a bird of the present species. Hah. Prom Nepal and the Eastern Himalayas, throughout the Burmese and Tenasserim hills, and reoccurring in Sumatra. a. Ad. sk. India. X Gould, E*q. "P.". h. Ad.sk. Nepal. B.H.Hodtr;«mJ^q;T.\ (Tjpe of pp*»citi».j c. Ad.; d. Juv. sk Nepal (Hodgson). India Museum. e, 5 ad. sk. Tonghoo hills, April 6 Capt. 11. G. Wardlaw (H. G. W. JR.). liamsay. 44. Dicseum viresceas. Dicasum virescens, Hume, Sir. F. 1878, p. 482. Adult male. General colour above olive-yellow, brighter yellow on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts blackish, externally olive-yellow, brighter on the edge of the primaries ; bastard- wing and primary-coverts uniform blackish brown; tail-feather? blackish brown; head a little more dusky olive, slightly mottled with dark-brown bases to the feathers; lores dusky a&hy; evelid and feathers over the eye yellowish white; ear-coverts ashy olive ; cheeks, ear-coverts, throat, and breast ashy with a faint olive tinge ; abdomen pale yellow• flanks and sides of body olive-yellow; under tail-coverts white, washed with yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; quills blackish, edged with white along the inner web. Total length 3*4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*1), tail 0*9, tarsus 0*5. Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 3*1 inches culmen 0*5, wing 1*85, tail 0*85, tarsus 0*45. (Ifim. E, &. Warilaw Hamsay.) Hah. Andaman Islands. a. Ad. sk. S. Andaman; Nov. 3 (Wlrnberley). Gapt. E. G. TTard. law Itam&ay. 5. Diaanni. 47 45. Dicssum minuEum. Dicseum mhmHum, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 240; id. P. Z & 1871, p. 349; David $ Oast. Ois. Chine, p. 83 (1877). Adult male. Upper parts olive-green, brownish on head, "back, and scapulars, yellowish on the rump; coronal feathers with deep brown centres, giving a spotted appearance to the top of the head ; wing-feathers hair-brown, edged wTith olive-green, broadly on the coverts and tertials, and less so on the quills; tail hair-brown, tipped with brownish white; throat and belly dusky yellowish, clearer and nearly primrose on the vent; flanks greyish olive; axillaries and carpal edge white, with just a tinge of primrose; bill deep brown, light bluish grey on lower mandible at base; irides deep brown; legs and claws leaden colour. Length about 2 75 inches; wing 1-67; tail * 867, even; tarsus -416 ; bill, from forehead, -375. (Swinhoe.)* Hab. Island of Hainan. 46. Bicsenm everetti. Dicaemn everetti, Tweedcl Ami. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 537 (1877) ; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. Ill * Wardlaw Ramsay, Orn. Works Tweedd. p. 058 (1881). Dicseuni niodestum, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 380 j Sharpe, P. Z. & 1883, p. 580. Myzanthe modestum, Wardlaw Ramsay, Orn. Works Tweedd. p. 058 (1881). Adxdt male (type of D. modestum). General colour above dark olive-brown, the head uniform with the back; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing and primary-coverts uniform dark brown; greater wing-coverts and quills dark brown, edged with yellowish olive, more distinct on the secondaries ; upper tail-coverts brown, washed with olive; tail black; lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts dusky olive-brown, the cheeks lighter olive- ashy ; throat and fore neck ashy grey, olive-yellow on the chin, a tinge of the latter colour also pervading the Ihroat; breast and abdomen pale whitish tinged with yellow; sides of body, flanks, and under tail-coverts pale olive-greenish ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a faint tinge of yellow; quills dusky brown below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*15 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 1*9, tail 0*95, tarsus 0*5. (Mus. R. G. W. R.) Obs. I have compared the types of P . mod-estym and D. everetti in Capt. "Wardlaw Ramsay's collection, and cannot find any specific difference between them. Hab. Islands of Dinagat and Panaon in the Philippine archipelago. * By a most unfortunate accident, the unique type specimen of this species lent to me by Mr. Seebohm was dropped in the street by the messenger and lost. I have therefore been obliged to reproduce the original description, and have not been able to state definitely whether it is identical with D. inornatwm or not. 48 DICJ3IDJS. 47. Dicaeum erythrorhynchiun. Red-billed Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl i. p. 133 (1787), Oerthia erythrorhynchos, Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 299 (1790). Nectarinia minima, Tickell, J. A. S. JBeng. ii. p. 577 (1838). Dicaeum tickellise, BhjtJi, J. A. S. Being, xi. p. 880 (1842), xii. p. 98S (1843), xiii. p. 393 (1844), xiv. p. 558 (1845). Dicamm minimum, Myth, Ami. $ Mag. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 316 (1847); Tytler, op. clt. (2) xiii. p. 373 (1854); Blyth. Cat B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 227 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 403 (1850j ; Reichenb. Handb. Scans, p. 241 (1853) j Horsf. § Moore, Cat B, JE.I. Co. Mus. ii. p. 750 (1854) j Jerd. B. 2nd. i. p. 374 (1&62) Beamn, 2bis, 18(55, p. 416; Brooks, 2Us, 18l'9, p. 47; Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 115, no. 1425 (1869); Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 4fe; Hume, Nests and Eggs 2nd. B. p. 155 (1873) ; Ball, Str. F. Ib74 p. 397 ; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 256 ; Walden, 2bis, 1876, p. 349 \ Ball, Str. F. 1878, TOL ii. p. 208; Legge. B. Ceylon, p. 574 (1879) • Butler, Cat B. S. Bombay Pres. p. 30 (1880). Dicfeum erythrortynchum, Blyth 8f Wald. B. Burm. p. 143 (1875); Fairb. Str. F. 1877, p. 399; Hume fy Davison, Sir. F. 1878, p. 196; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 90; Tidal, Str. F. 1880, p. 57 ; Butler, t c. p. 390; Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i p. 334 (1883). Adult. General colour above ashy olive-brown, the head faintly mottled with small dusky centres to the feathers; wing-coverts and quills rather browner than the back, with a slight greenish gloss on the feathers, which have also obsolete narrow margins of olive; tail blackish brown; lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts pale ashy brown, the latter slightly streaked with whitish shaft-lines; cheeks and under surface of body pale ashy with a slight olive tinge; the centre of the body, abdomen, and under tail-coverts huffy whitish ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, ashy along the edge of the wing; quills dusky brown below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web; " bill pale fleshy, with a dusky tip; legs leaden brown ; iris brown?? (Jerdon) ; " bill dark brown above, the lower mandible fleshy; legs and feet brownish slate; iris yellowish brown or brown" (Legge): Total length 3*2 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*0, tail 0*95, tarsus 0*55. Young, Iris darker brown than in the adult, with a slaty outer circle; upper mandible tinged with yellowish, and its margin, to gether with the under mandible, yellowish. Above, more olivaceous than old birds; quills and wing-coverts edged greenish; throat and fore neck duskier than in adults. (Legge.) Hah. Ceylon; Lower Bengal and Central India as far as the Eastern Himalayas and Assam, extending through Arakan to Moulmein in Tenasserim. a. $ ad. sk. South Ceylon (Legge). E. W. Oates, Esq. b. Ad. sk. Madras (Jerdon). Gould Collection. e, d. Ad. sk. Belgaum (Hutt). Gould Collection. e,f, g. Ad. sk. Dacca (Tytler). India Museum. h. Ad. sk. Bengal (As. Soc. Beng.). India Museum. (Type of 2). tickellice:) i Ad.: k. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. I, m. Ad. sk. Nepal (Hodgson). India Museum. n. Ad. sk. India. Gould Collection. 6 . LOXIOIBES.—7. LOXOPS. 6. LOXIOIDES. Typo. Loxioides, Oustdet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1877, p. 99.. L. bailleui. Bill of Loxioides bailleui. Range. Sandwich Islands. 1. Loxioides bailleui. Loxioides bailleui, Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1877, p. 99 ; Sclater, Ibis, 1879, p. 90, pi. 2. Adult. General colour above ashy grey, more hoary grey towards the rump and upper tail-coverts; scapulars grey like the back; lesser and median coverts olive-yellow; greater coverts, bastard- wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally olive-yellow, the inner secondaries broadly edged and tipped with ashy grey; tail-feathers blackish, externally washed with olive-yellow, internally edged with ashy; head all round olive-yellow, as well as the throat and fore neck and chest; remainder of under surface ashy whitish, greyer on the flanks and sides of the body; under wing- coverts and axillaries ashy whitish, washed with olive-yellow, especially on the edge of the wing; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 056, wing 3-55, tail 2-6, tarsus 1. Hob. Sandwich Islands. a. Ad. sk. Sandwich Islands (M. Bailleu). Paris Museum [P.]. 7. L0X0PS. ^ Loxops, Cab. Arch. f. Naturg. 1847, p. 330 L. coccinea, Hypoloxias, Bp. Consp. i. p. 518 (1850) L. coccinea. Byrseus, JReichenb. Hondo. Spec. Orn. pi. lxxv. fig. 23 (1850) L. coccinea, Bill of Loxops coccinea. Mange. Sandwich Islands. VOL. X. 50 DT02EIDJ3B. 1. Loxops coccinea. Scarlet Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 270 (1783). Fringilla coccinea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 921 (178s); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 371 (1845). Fringilla rufa, Bloxam, in Byron's Voy. 'Blonde; App. p. 2o0 (182b). Linaria? coccinea, Gould, m Voy. 'Sulphur; Birds, p. 41, pi. 22 (1844). Carduelis coccinea, Less. Compl. Buff. viii. p. 230 (183*). Loxops coccinea, Cab. Arch.f. Nature/. 1^47, p. 330 ; Gray, Cat. B. Prop. Isl Pacific Ocean, p. 28 (18.30); id. Haml-L & l. p. 114, no. 1413 (I860); Sclater, Ibis, 1871, p. 350. Drepanis rrifa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 90 (1*547). Ilypoloxias coccinea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 518 (1850) ; Dole, Proc. Bust \Soc. N. II. 1870, p. 301. Ilimatione rufa, Reichenb. Handb. Scans, p. 255 (lbo3). Adult. General colour above dull orange-rufous, rather ]>rwner on the back, and clearer on the head, lower back, rump, and upp<*r tail-coverts; wing-coverts and quills dusky brown, externally dull orange, a little brighter on the primaries; tall-feathers brown, externally edged with dull orange; lores dusky ; sides of fifi„\ cheeks, ear-coverts, and under surface of body dull orange-rufous, mure brilliant orange on the breast and abdomen; under tail-coverts orange, with fulvous centres; under wing-coverts and axillaris ashy whitish washed with orange; quills dusky brown bidow, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length 4*3 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-25, tail 1*G5, tarsus 0-85. Bab. Sandwich Islands. a, 6. Ad. sk. Sandwich Islands. Capt. Lord ByronrP.]. (Typps of Fringilla rufa.) c. Ad. sk. Sandwich Islands. John Gould, Esq. 2. Loxops rosea. Drepanis rosea, Dole, Bawaian Almanac, 1870, p. 44. Similar to D. coccinea in appearance, habits, and food; 0 inches long. Wings and tail dark brown; last secondaries white; upper and lower tail-coverts greenish yellow; general plumage bright scarlet, interspersed with masses of greenish-yellow feathers, mottled with black. Bill 1 inch, curved, white. (Dole.) Hob. Sandwich Islands. 3. Loxops auxea. Drepanis aurea, Dole, Hawaian Almanac, 1879, p. 45. Ilypoloxias aurea, Fimck, Ibis, 1880, p. 80. Uniform orange; quills blackish brown, margined externally with the same colour, but more sordid; covers of primaries and secondaries on the outer webs broadly margined with dull orange ; bill hornish blue, tip blackish; iris dark brown. Stomach containing 8 . PSITTIBOSTBA. nests of insects (caterpillars). First and third primaries longest, first scarcely shorter. (Fhisch.) Young (just able to fly, and fed by the former). Upper parts dull olive-green, the outer margin of the dark-brown quills and tail- feathers more vivid, the same as the tips of the secondaries, which form a pale cross band on the wing; lower parts pale olive-yellow, chin passing into whitish; bill horn-blackish, tip darter ; feet black; third and fourth primaries longest, second equal to the fifth, somewhat shorter, first a little shorter; tail twelve feathers. Tongue ordinary, bifurcated at tip. (Flnsch.) llab. Sandwich Islands. 8. PSITTIKOSTRA. Type . Psittirostra, Temm. Man. d'Orn, i. p. lxx (1820) P. psittacea. 1/ Bill of Psittirostra psittacea. Range. Sandwich Islands. 1. Psittirostra psittacea. Parrot-billed Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. ill. p. 108, pi. 42 (1783). Loxia psittacea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 844 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 371 (1790). Psittirostra psittacea, Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. lxx (1820); Sivains. Classif. B. ii. p. 295 (1837); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 389 (1845) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 492 (1850); Reichenb. llandb. Scans, p. 101, Taf. cccclxv. b. fig. 3408 (1853) ; Gray, lland-l. B. i. p. 114, no. 1412 (I860); Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 21; Mater, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 347; id. Report Birds ' Challenger' Bxped. p. 94 (1881). Psittirostra sandvicensis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 91 (182G). Psittacirostra icterocepbala, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 457 (1828). Psittirostra icterocephala, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 28 (1859). Adult male. General colour above yellowish green, duller on the mantle and upper back; wiug-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills dusky blackish, externally yellowish green, brighter on the edge of the primaries, the inner secondaries somewhat ashy towards their ends; quills dusky brown, edged with yellowish green; head and neck all round, including sides of face and throat, bright lemon-yellow ; sides of neck dull greenish; lower throat and chost pale ashy, with slightly indicated dusky centres, and washed with pale yellow ; remainder of under surface whitish ash-colour, the feathers edged with pale yellow; flanks and sides of bodv yellowish green; thighs whitish ash; under E 2 DICUETDJE. tail-coverts whitish, -with a slight "wash of yellow; axillaries pale yellow; under wing-coverts ashy whitish washed with yellow ; quills dusky helow, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-7, tail 2'25, tarsus 09. Adult female. Differs from the male in wanting the yellow on the head and throat; the greater wing-coverts tipped with white. Total length 6'7 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-6, tail 2*15, tarsus 0-95. Young. Like the old female, but much more clingy olive-green, the wing-coverts tipped with white ; ear-coverts also with whitish shaft-lines. Hah. Sandwich Islands. a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Sandwich Islands. J. Gould, Esq. c, d. <$ ad. sk. Hilo, Owkyhee, Sandwich Voy. of H.M..S. ' Chal- Islands. lenger.' e,f. Jad.etjuv.sk. Sandwich Islands. Capt. Lord Byron [P.]. 9. PINAROLOXIAS. Bill of Pinaroloxias inornata. Range. Bow or Harp Island, Low Archipelago. 1. Pinaroloxias inornata. Oactornis inornata, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 104; id. Voy.' Sulphur,7 Birds, p. 42, pi. 25 (1844) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 359 (1844) ; Salvin, Trans. Z. 8. ix. p. 485 (1876). Loxops inornata, Gray, Cat. B. Trap. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 28 (1859): id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 114, no. 1414 (1869). ' Adultl (type of species). Upper surface mottled, the feathers dark brown, broadly edged with olive-brown, the head a little more uniform, with less distinct edges ; lesser wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts dark brown, with broad edgings of sandy buff; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills dark brown, edged with lighter brown; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with, paler brown and tipped with sandy buff, more broadly on the outer feathers ; lores and feathers above the eye sandy buff, as well as the plumes below the eye; ear-coverts uniform dark brown; cheeks and under surface of body sandy buff, streaked with dark-brown centres to the feathers; the flanks slightly more rufescent, and the abdomen paler and more uniform yellowish buff like the under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts and asillaries yellowish buff; quills dusky below, ashy fulvous along the edge of the inner web. 10 . OREOCHARIS. 5 3 Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 2-65, tail 1*75. tarsus 0-85. Hah. Bow or Harp Island, Low Archipelago. a. [?] Ad. sk. Bow Island {Br. Hinds). Zoological Society. (Type of species.) 10. OKEOCHAEIS. ^ , • TJTe- Oreocharis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 939 (1875) 0. arfalri. Chlorornyias, Oustalet, Bull. Assoc. France, 1880, p. 172 .. O. arfaki. Bill and head of Oreocharis arfaki. Range. New Guinea. 1. Oreocharis arfaki. Parus P arfaki, Meyer, Sitz. Isis Dresd: 1875, 1st April; id. Mitth. Zool. Mus. Dresd. i. p. 8 (1875) ; Gould, B. New Guinea, iv. pi. 13 (1877). Oreocharis stictoptera, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic, Genov. yii. p. 939 (1875). Oreocharis arfaki, Salvad. op. cit. xii. p. 333 (1878), xvi. p. 70 (1880); id. Orn. JPapuasia etc. ii. p. 289 (1881) ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc.t Zool. xvi. p. 436 (1882) 5 Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, iii. App. p. 540. Chloromyias laglaizei, Oust. Bull. Assoc. France, 1880, p. 173. Adult male. General colour above olive-green, with a slight gloss of steel-green; wing-coverts like the hack, the greater series rather more yellowish green externally ; bastard-wiug and primary-coverts black, narrowly edged with dull green; quills black, externally edged with green, yellow on the primaries, the inner secondaries with a large spot of bright yellow at the end of the outer web; upper tail- coverts greenish grey; tail-feathers blackish, washed with greenish grey on the edges ; crown of head glossy blue-black as far as the occiput, which is green as well as the nape; lores, eyelid, cheeks, and sides of neck blue-black ; the lower edge of the eyelid, feathers below the eye, and ear-coverts bright golden yellow; throat and fore neck blue-black; remainder of under surface of the body from the fore neck downwards rich golden yellow, with a longitudinal patch of ruddy chestnut down the centre of the body; thighs black; axillaries bright golden yellow; under wing-coverts paler yellow, with white bases, and mottled with black bases near the edgo of the wing; quills blackish below, yellow along the inner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*9, tail 1*95, tarsus 0-75. 54 DICMTDM. Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the cheeks and fore neck grey. Hab. NewGuinea. a. cf ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains, S.E. Mr. A. Goldie [C.]. New Guinea. 11. PARDALOTTJS. Type. Pardalotus, Vielll. Analyse, p. 31 (1816) P. ornatus. a. Bill of Pardalotus ornatus. b. Wing of same, to show absence of bastard primary. Range. Confined to Australia. Key to the Species. a. Head streaked with white on the hinder crown and occiput. a'. All the primaries edged with white, forming' a large wing-patch; tips of primary- coverts scarlet ornatus, p. 56. b1. Third and fourth primaries edgedwith white; tips of primary-coverts scarlet, or orange, or yellow assimilis, p. 56. c'. Third primary only edged with white; tips of primary-coverts always yellow affinis, p. 57. b. Head black, with round spots of white. d'. Back mottled, the feathers edged with black with a subterminal spot; upper tail- coverts crimson ; loral spot white ; throat and fore neck bright yellow ; under tail- coverts yellow. a". Rump chestnut pimctatus, p. 58. b". Ramp yellow xanthopygius, p. 59. 11 . PARDALOTUS. 55 e\ Back nearly uniform ashy brown, with faint dusky shaft-streaks; upper tail-coverts washed with yellow5 loral spot scarlet; throat creamy white, with a large spot of pale yellow on the fore neck; under tail- coverts white rubricatus, p. GO. c. Head uniform "black. f. Rump yellowibh brown or pale earthy brown melanoccpJuzUs, p. GO. (/'. Rump yellow uropygiulis, p. &}. d. Head and back olive, slightly mottled with blackish margins to the feathers ; ear-coverts yellow; no alar speculum quadragintus, p. 02. 1. Pardalotus ornatus. Pardalotus striatus (nee Gm.*), Tenon. Man. d'Orn. i. p. Go (1820). Pardalotus ornatus, Temm. PL Col. iv. pi. 394. fig. 1 (18i>6). Pardalotus striatus, Vig. 8? Ilorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 237 (1827); Gould, Syn. B. Austr. part 2, pi. iii. fig. 3 (1837): Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 270 (1845); Gould, B. Austr. fol. ii. pi. 38 (1848) ; Reiclienb. Vdg. Neuholl. p. 103 (1850); Bp. Consp. i. p. 334 (1850) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i.p. 161 (I860) ; Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 387, no. 5861 (1869) ; Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 30. fig. 2 (c. 1870) ; Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. iV. S. W. ii. p. 180 (1878). Adult General colour above olive-greyish, the lower back and rump clearer and more earthy or yellowish brown, as also the upper tail-coverts, which have paler fulvescent tips with a subterminal bar of dusky brown ; scapulars like the back, the lower ones washed with yellowish brown; lesser and median wing-coverts greenish black, with yellowish-brown spots at the ends; greater coverts and primary-coverts black, the latter with scarlet tips, forming an alar speculum ; quills blackish brown, with a white spot at the end, the secondaries paler towards the base and margined externally with reddish brown, the inner secondaries broadly edged with white along the terminal third of the outer web ; the long primaries externally white near the base, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which has a narrow line of white along the whole of the outer web ; tail-feathers blackish, tipped with wThite on the outer web, this white spot increasing in extent towards the outermost feather, where it is very large; crown of head black, forming a cap, the occiput and nape streaked with white down the centre of the feathers ; a broad white eyebrow, with a large spot of bright yellow on the fore part above the lores, which are blackish; cheeks and ear-coverts ashy white, the feathers below the eye and along the upper edge of the ear-coverts black, minutely spotted with white; centre of throat and fore neck yellow; sides of neck pale earthy brown, extending down the sides of (he body and flanks, the under tail-coverts also of this colour but paler ; breast and abdomen whitish, with anashy * G-melin's species Pipra 'Jriatus, founded on Latham's " Striped-headed Miinakin," is difficult to determine ; but it certainly is not the above bird. It is probably P. ajjinis (vide infra). 56 D1CJ&ZDM. grey shade on the former; a broad line of pale yellow separating the breast from the sides of the body ; thighs ashy brown washed with yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries very pale earthy brown; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web; " bill at the tip and along the culmen dark brown tinged with blue, the remainder yellowish white ; legs and feet greenish grey; iris brownish red7' (Gould), Total length 4 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2-55, tail 1-35, tarsus 0*75. " Sexes alike in colour?' (Gould). Eab. Prom Port Penison to ]STew South Wales, and throughout "Victoria, South Australia, and West Australia. a. <$ ad. sir. b. $ ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. Murray River. South Australia. South Australia. Gould Collection. Sir George Grey "P.]. Guuld Collection. d. e. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Collection. /. Ad. sk. g, h. Ad. sk. Victoria. Australia. Gould Collection. Gould Collection. i Ad. sk. h. Ad. sk. Australia. Australia. Sir D. Cooper ~PJ. Lady Hooker [P.*. I, m. Ad. sk. Australia. Subsp. a. Pardalotns assimilis. Pardalotus assimilis, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. X S. W. ii. p. 180 (1878). Gould states that the young birds of P. striates assume the adult colouring from the nest, but have the tips of the primary- coverts orange instead of red. Mr. Ramsay, however, thinks that the supposed young P. striatus of Gould are really an intermediate species between P. striatus and P. affinis, and states that he has found them breeding; Gould, however, remarks that he has " positive evidence that some of the Australian species reproduce their kind before they have attained their adult livery." It is certain that in P. melanocepTtalus the young are very different from the adults, and have the crimson speculum as distinct in the nestling as in the adult bird; and, by analogy, Gould's description of the young of P. striatus would not be correct Mr. Ramsay's view of there being a distinct intermediate form receiving additional confirmation. I find, moreover, that all the birds for which I propose to adopt Ramsay's name of P. assimilis have, as a rule, the third and fourth primaries edged with white, the third for two thirds of its length, the fourth only near the base, but varying in extent and sometimes extending a good way up the edge of the feather. The colour of the speculum varies from yellow and orange to scarlet and even crimson. This question can only be settled by observers in Australia; but it seems to me hj no means improbable that P. striatus and P. affinis^ interbreed, especially if the localities of all the specimens in the British Museum are to be relied on. The following examples appear to me to belong to this intermediate form, in which, I may also mention, the white streaks 11 . PARDALOTTTS. 57 commence farther down on the crown and nearer to the black forehead. This is also a secondary character of P. affinis. Hob. Prom Port Denison to New South "Wales, and the interior of Australia. a. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell. b, c. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Collection. d. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Collection. e. Ad. sk. Burke, River Darling(Dr. Pechey). Gould Collection. f. Ad. sk. Queensland (Cockerell). P. D. Godman and 0. Salvin, g. Ad. sk. Queensland. Esqrs. [P.]. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.], 2. Pardalotus affinis. ? Striped-headed Manakin, Lath. Gen. 8yn. ii. pt. 2, p. 526 (1783). ? Pipra striata, Gm. 8. 2V". i. p. 1003 (1788); Lath. 2nd. Orn. ii. p. 558 (1790) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. x. pt. 1, p. 29, pi. 4 (1817). Pardalotus affinis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 25; id. 8yn. B. Austr. part 2, pi. iii.fig. 2 (1837); id. B. Austr. M. ii. pi. 39 (1848) j Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 270 (1845) ; Reichenb. Vb'g. Neuholl. p. 164 (1850); Bp. Consp. i. p. 334 (1850) j Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 163 (1865); Gray,JZand-L B. i. p. 387, no. 5862 (1869) ; Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 30. fig. 3 (c. 1870); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 180 (1878> Adult. General colour ahove ashy olive, becoming pale earthy brown on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, the latter being edged with pale oehreousbufT; lesser and median wing-coverts black, with spots of pale earthy brown at the tips; greater coverts, bastard-wing, and primary-coverts black, the latter tipped with yellow, forming an alar speculum; quills black, tipped with a white spot at the end of the outer web ; the inner secondaries externally reddish brown, becoming white towards the end of the outer web ; the third primary only edged with white along the outer web; tail- feathers black, all but the centre ones with a white spot at the end of the inner web, increasing in extent towards the outermost; crown of head black, uniform on the forehead and over the eye, the remainder of the crown and nape broadly streaked with white down the centre of the feathers; over the eye a broad streak of yellow, continued into an eyebrow of ashy white; lores blackish; ear- coverts mottled, blackish with mesial streaks of ashy white; cheeks ashy whitish; throat and fore neck bright yellow ; breast and remainder of under surface ashy whitish with a faint yellowish tinge; sides of neck, sides of body, and flanks pale earthy brown, separated from the breast by a broad line of yellow; under tail-coverts clearer buff or pale earthy brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale earthy brown; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web; " bill black; feet brown; iris olive-brown " (Gould). Total length 4*3 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 2*65, tail 145, tarsus 0-75. Hah. Tasmania, New South Wales, Yictoria, and South Australia. 58 DIC^IID^:. a. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Collection. b. Ad. sk. Victoria. Gould Collection. c. d. Ad. sk. [Queensland (fiockerdl).] F. D. Godman and 0. Salvin, E*qrs. [P.]. e. Ad. sk. * [Queensland.] F. Nicholson, Esq. [PA / , #. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunn? Esq. [P.". 3. Pardalotus ptmctatus. Pipra punctata, Shaw fy Fodder, Fat, Misc. IT. pi. 111 (1702); Lath. Inch Orn. Suppl p. Ivi (Ml). Speckled Manakin, Lath. Gen. Si/n. XttppL ii. p. 253 (1801). Pardalotus punetatus, Temm. Man. d'Om. i. p. lxv (1^20): id. PL Col. iii. pi. 78 (182:]); Gould, Syu. B. Au»tr. ?L 2, pi iii %. 1 (1837) • Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 270 {1843); Gould, B. AuMr. ii. pi. So (1848); Bp. Comp. i. p. 334 (lfcoO); Reichenb. Top. Xettholl. p. 163 (1850) ; GWtf, jEftw«&. B. Austr. i. p. 157 (LbOo); % , lland-l. B. i. p. 387? no. 5850 (1800); Bamsay, Proc. Linn. h'oc. F S. W. ii p. 170 (1878). Adult. General colour above mottled, the mantle and upper back ashy brown, spottednear the end with ochraecons buff, all the feathers edged with black; rump chestnut-brown; the feathers margined with black; upper tail-coverts crimson ; scapulars ocbraceotiA huff, margined with black; wing-coverts black, with a subterminal white spot in the form of a round dot; primary-coverts entirely black; quills black with a bluish gloss, all the feathers with a rounded spot of white at the ends, larger on the inner secondaries, the first primary externally edged with white; tail-feathers black, with a distinct subterminal spot of white, increasing in extent towards the outermost, where it extends across the end of the feather; crown of head black, spotted with minute white dots ; a broad white eyebrow extending from the base of the nostril to above the ear-coverts ; lores dusky blackish; ear-coverts, sides of face, and cheeks ashy grey, minutely barred with black lines, more plainly on the cheeks, this ashy grey colour extending down to the sides of the fore neck and bnmd narrowly in the same manner ; throat entirely rich golden yellow ; breast and under surface of body pale drab or earthy brown ; the flanks and sides of the body fawn-colour; thighs dusky ; under tail- coverts golden yellow, chestnut near the vent; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the axillaries pale fawn-colour; quills blackish, ashy white along the edge of the inner web ; " bill brownish bla«*k ; feet brown; iris dark brown" (Gould). Total length 3-4 inches, culmen 0-3, wing 2*3, tail 1*15, tarsus 0*7. Adidt female. Duller in colour than the male and wanting the yellow throat; the markings everywhere less pronounced, and the spots on the head yellow instead of white. Hcib. The whole of Australia except the north, a, b. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunn, Esq. [P.]. c. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition, d. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Collection, e. Ad. sk. Victoria. Gould Collection. ft 9* 6 ? ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey. 11 . PAEDAL0TUS. 59 h. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Collection. I $ ad. sk. Queensland. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.]. k,L<3; m, n. $ ad. sk. Queensland (Cocke- F. D. Godman and 0. Salvin rell). Esqrs. [P.]. o,£>. tf ad. sk. More'ton Bay (.F. Gould Collection. 4. Pardalotus xanthopygius. Pardalotus xanthopygius, M(Coy, Ann. <§• May. Nat. Hist. (3) xix. p. 184 (1867) ; Gould, B. Austr. fol. %>j;Z. pi. 8 (1808); Gray, Hand-L JB. i. p. 387, no. 58G3 (1869); Ramsay. JProe. Linn ISoc 2Vr. & JF. ii. p. 180(1878). Pardalotus xanthopyge. M'Coy, Ami. fy Mag, Nat Mist, (3) xx p. 178 (1867). W * ' Adult. General colour above ashy grey, the feathers rather broadly edged with black, before which is a white spot, causing a strongly spotted appearance; scapulars ashy grey, more narrowly edged with black, and with the subterminal white spot less distinct; wing-coverts blue-black, with distinct subterminal rounded spots; bastard-wing and primary-coverts uniform blue-black; quills blue- black, with a small white spot at the end of the outer web these spots larger on the secondaries, especially the innermost; rump bright golden yellow, the lateral feathers with blacki&h margins; upper tail-coverts crimson with black bases ; tail-feathers black, the four centre feathers with a subterminal rounded white spot, the outermost feather barred across with a broad white spot just before the extreme tip; crown of head black, covered with rounded spots of white even to the base of the forehead; a broad white eyebrow commencing from the base of the nostril to above the ear-coverts; lores black, mottled with whitish tips to the feathers; cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of face ashy grey, minutely rayed across with blackish bars; sides of neck similarly marked; throat and fore neck bright golden yellow; sides of fore neck and sides of breast ashy grey, narrowly barred with black; lower flanks more ashy; centre of breast and abdomen creamy white; under tail- coverts bright golden yellow; axillaries and under wing-coverts greyish white; quills dusky, white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3-5 inches, culmen 0-3, wing 2-25, tail 1-2, tarsus 0*7. Young. Differs from the adult in being olive-yellowish above, mottled with subterminal spots of clearer yellow; rump saffron- yellow, the upper tail-coverts washed with scarlet; wings and tail as in the adult, but with a white spot on nearly all the tail- feathers ; head spotted with bright yellow instead of white; entire under surface yellowish white, washed with pale brown on the flanks and sides of body; under tail-coverts bright golden yellow. Obs. Although so different in appearance from the adult, the fact of this plumage being indeed the livery of the young bird is proved by several specimens in the Museum which are moulting from one stage to the other. Bab. South Australia; Victoria; West Australia. 60 DICJ3IDJ3. a. Ad. sk. 6. Ad. sk. c. Ad. j d, e. Juv. sk. / . Ad. sk. g, h. Imm. sk. i. Ad. sk. River Murray. River Murray. South Australia. South. Australia(Cockerell). South Australia. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. Gould Collection. Gould Collection. F. D. Godman and Salvin, Esqrs [P.]. J. Gould, Esq. Gould Collection. 0. 5. Pardalotus rubricatus. Pardalotus rubricatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 140 j Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 270 (1845) ; Gould, B. Audr. ii. pi. 3(3 (1848) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 334 (1850) j Reichenh. Vog. Xmiholl p. 100 (1850); Gray, Iland-L B. i. p. 3S7; no. 5866 (1869) j Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. £0. fig. 1 (1870) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. 8oc. JV. 8. TV. ii. p. lfe'0 (1878). Adult. General colour above pale ashy brown, the feathers mesiaHy streaked or spotted with dusky, the upper tail-coverts Trashed with yellow, with narrow brown shaft-lines; feathers of hind neck narrowly barred with dusky cross lines; scapulars like the back; wing-coverts ashy brown, with hoary whitish margins; greater series and bastard-wing blackish brown, margined with hoary white; primary-coverts and quills blackish, externally edged with golden yellow, the primaries edged with white towards their ends, the secondaries tipped with white, more broadly on the innermost; tail-feathers pale brown, becoming darker towards the tips, which are white; crown of head black, with distinct rounded spots of white; base of forehead pale fawn-colour; lores whitish, surmounted by a spot of pale scarlet, continued into a broad eyebrow of pale fawn-colour ; ear-coverts ashy, slightly mottled with dusky margins to the feathers; cheeks, throat, and under surface of body creamy white, washed with sandy brown on the sides of the body ; in the centre of the fore neck and chest a patch of pale yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; quills pale brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web: "upper mandible brown, lower mandible greyish white; legs brown" (Gould). Total length 4*3 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2*4, tail 1*3, tarsus 0-8. Two specimens, apparently younger birds, do not show the dusky spotting on the back and have the yellow chest-spot much smaller. Hob, "New South "Wales and Interior province of Australia, reappearing in the Gulf of Carpentaria and at Port Darling and Port Essington. a, b. Ad. sk. South Australia. Gould Collection. 387 no. 5864 (1869). l Adult General colour above ashy brown, tinged with yellowish or pale earthy brown; scapulars, lower back, rump, and upper tail- coverts pale earthy brown, the latter with pale ochreous margins; wing-coverts blue-black, the primaries tipped with crimson, forming an alar speculum; quills also blue-black, tipped with white, the primaries externally edged with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost; secondaries paler brown on the inner web, and edged with buffy white towards the end of the outer web, some of them also narrowly edged with reddish brown; tail-feathers black, tipped with pale earthy brown and having a spot of white at the end of the inner web, increasing in extent towards the outermost; entire head black as far as the nape, forming a cap; lores and ear- coverts black, joining the nape; above the lores a broad streak of bright yellow, extending into a broad white eyebrow; cheeks and lower margin of ear-coverts whitish, slightly tinged with earthy brown on the hinder part; throat and fore neck bright yellow; sides of neck ashy; centre of breast and abdomen white; sides of breast, sides of body, flanks, and under tail-coverts pale earthy or fulvous brown, with a broad line of bright yellow separating the white breast from the sides of the body; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale earthy or fulvous brown; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web: "bill black; feet brown." Total length 3*8 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 2-3, tail 14, tarsus 0'7. Nestling. Differs from the adult principally in wanting the black cap, the head being rather more dingy brown than the back; the yellow loral streak feebly developed, and the cheeks and sides of face pale earthy brown; alar speculum crimson as in the adult but much smaller. Obs. Some specimens have a few ashy-brown tips to the feathers of the hinder crown. Hob. Prom Eockingham Bay to New South "Wales, and Interior province of Australia. Port Essington. a. 2 ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. b. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. c. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Collection. d. Pull. sk. Richmond Eiver. Mr. A. P. Goodwin [C.]. e. Ad.; /. Pull. sk. Eichmond Eiver E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. (Goodwin), g, h. Ad. sk. Brisbane (Cockerell). F. D. Godman and 0. Salvin, Esqrs. [P.]. *. Ad. sk. Moreton Bay. Gould Collection. 62 mcMinm, 7. Pardalotus uropygialis. Pardalotus uropygialis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 143 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 270 (1845); Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 41 (1848) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 334 (1850)'; Beichenh. Fog. Neuholl p. 105 (1850); Jacq. et Pucher. Foy. Pole Sud, iii. p. 74 (1853) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr, i. p. 166 (1805); Biggies, Oni. Austr. pi. 30. fig. 5 (c. 1870) ; Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 180 (1878)" Pardalote uropyqiale, llombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. ix. fig. 2 (1842-53;. Crown of the head, stripe before and behind the eye black; lores rich orange; a mark from above the eye to the occiput, che&t, and centre of the abdomen white; throat and cheeks delicate crocus- yellow ; rump and upper tail-coverts sulphur-yellow; back of the neck and back olive-grey; wings black, the external webs of the second and five following primaries white at the base; tips of the spurious wing scarlet; tail black, the three outer feathers tipped with white, the white spreading largely over the inner web of the outer feathers; bill black ; feet lead-colour. {Gould.) Sexes alike (Gould). Eab. Northern Australia. a, b. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.], 8. Pardalotus quadragintus. Pardalotus quadrasrintus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 14^; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 270 (1845); Gould, B. Austr. fob ii. pi. 37 (184*) j lip. Consp). i. p. 334 (1850); Reichen.. Fog. Neuholl p. 105 (1850); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. I p. 160 (1805); Gray, lland-I. B. I p. 387, no. 5860 (1869),- Ramsay, Proc. Linn. hoc. K. 8. W. ii. p. 180 (1878). Adult. General colour abore dull olive-brown, slightly mottled with blackish edges to the feathers, those of the head having an indistinct subterminal spot of dull olive-yellow; lower back and rump a little lighter than the rest of the back; upper tail-coverts brighter yellow, with narrow blackish edges and grey bases ; scapulars and lesser wing-coverts like the back; remainder of wing- coverts blue-black, with subterminal rounded white spots; bastard- wing and primary-coverts uniform black; quills blackish, narrowly margined with ashy, the first primary margined with white for its entire length, all the quills with a white spot at the end of the outer web, larger on the secondaries, especially the innermost; tail-feathers ashy, with a white bar at the tip of the inner web increasing in size towards the outermost feather, on which it extends across the end of both webs, before this white end being a distinct subterminal shade of blackish; head like the back; lores ashy whitish, washec] with yellow; feathers oyer the eye and ear-coverts pale yellow; sides of neck ashy; cheeks ashy whitish, washed with yellow and slightly barred with dusky; under surface of body ashy whitish, with faint dusky centres to the feathers of the fore neck and chest, the throat slightly tinged with yellow; flanks and 12 . PAEMOrTTLA. 13 . PEIONOCHILUS. 0 3 sides of body washed with olive-yellow; under tail-covorls brighter yellow ; under wing-coverts and axillarics ashy whitish, washed with yellow and having dusky bases ; quills dusky brown below, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3-5 inches' culmen 0-3, wing 2-25, tail 1-2, tarsus 075. * Sab, Tasmania. a, b, c. Ad. sk. d. Ad. sk. e. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Tasmania. Tasmania. Ronald Guim, Esq. [P.l Sir George Grey [P.J. Purchased. 12. PARMOPTILA* Typo. Parmoptila, Cass. Proe. Philad. Acad. 1859; p. 40 ... . P. woodhousii. Range, West Africa. 1. Parmoptila woodhousii. Parmoptila woodhousei, Cass. Proe. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 40* Heine, J.f. 0. 1859, p. 431. ' Pardalotus woodhousei, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 387, no. 58G9 (18G9). Male. Head and throat covered with rounded scale-like feathers, which are rufous, lighter on the throat, brighter and nearly brick- red on the forehead; back, wings, and tail light umber-brown, with a tinge of greenish on the back; quills brownish black, edged internally with reddish white; entire underparts (except the throat) white, thickly spotted with brownish blac,k; bill bluish black; legs yellowish white in skin. (Cassin.) Female. Upper parts, including head, brown tinged with olive; underparts lighter, nearly white on the abdomen, with obscure traces of the black spots of the male. ISFo rufous on the head or throat. Total length of male about 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1^. Female: total length 3 | inches. (Cassin.) Hob, Gaboon, West Africa. 13. PRIOHOCHILTTS. _ Type. Prionochihis, Strichl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29 P. ignicapillus. Paehyglossa, Hodgs. in J. A. S. Being, xii. pt. 2; p. 1009 (1843) P. melanoxanthus. Piprisoma, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 394 (1844). P. squalidtis. Anaimos, Reichenb. Sandb. Scans, p. 245 (1883) .. P. thoracicus. Range, Whole of India and Ceylon, extending through the Burmese countries down the Malayan peninsula to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippine archipelago, Celebes, and Sanghir. * Oassin refers this West-African genus to the vicinity of Pardalotus. Never having seen a specimen, I have reproduced his description, and have left the genus where he placed it, until 1 canfix its position more definitely. DIOJEIDJE. -#" Bill and wing of Prionochilus ignicapillus. Key to the Species. a. Plumage particoloured, with bright colours either ahove or below. a'. A spot of bright scarlet or orange in the centre of the crown. a". Upper surface slaty blue; a patch of scarlet on the chest. a'". Rump blue-grey or slaty blue like the rest of the upper surface. «*. Chin and upper throat white ; rest of tinder surface bright yellow¥. Entire throat bright yellow like therest of the tinder surface&'". Rump yellow; back slaty blue I". Upper surface olive-yellow; head black like the throat; a patch of scarlet on the lower throat and fore neck c". Upper surface entirely olive-yellow; chest with dusky olive streaksV, Crown of head uniform. d". No white ends to the outer tail-feathers. c"\ Head black; centre of back scarlet .. d'". Upper surface olive-yellow ; throat and breast ashy white ; sides of body yellow. c4. Larger: flanks bright yellowdl. Smaller: flanks paler yellow e". Outer tail-feathers tipped with white. e'". Larger; wing 2-^-^SQ inches: sides of neck slaty grey, descending along the sides of the breast f". Smaller ; wing 2,l-2,35 inches : sides of breast yellow like flanks b. Plumage plain; no bright colours on back or breast. c'. "With more or less distinct streaks on the breast. percussus, p. 66. , ignicapillus, p. 65. xanthopygius, p. 66. thoracicus, p. 67. maculatus, p. 69. quadricolqr, p. 70. aureolimbatus, p. 70. sanghirensis, p. 71. melcmoxanthus, p. 71. vincens, p. 72. 13 . PBIOtfOCHILTTS. 65 f\ Larger; wing 2*4 inches: upper surface ashy brown, washed with olive on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; two outer tail-feathers tipped with white squalidus, p. 73. g". Smaller; wing 2-35 inches: upper surface olive-greenish; four outer tail-feathers tipped with white modestus, p. 74. d'. Breast perfectly uniform, with no dusky streaks. h". Outer tail-feathers with a white spot on the tips obsoletus, p. 75. i". No white tips to outer tail-feathers. &'"• ^PPer surface of body olive-green; ear-coverts also olive-green; cheeks and sides of breast grey , olivaceus, p. 75. h'". Upper surface brown; ear-coverts brown; cheeks and sides of breast ashy brown everetti, p. 76. 1. PrioiiocliilTis percussus. Pardalotus percussus, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 394.fig. 2 (1826). Pnonochilus percussus, 8harpe, P. Z. S.1883, p. 580. Adult male (Java; type of species). Similar to P. ignicapillus from Borneo and Sumatra, but differing in the following points:— the bill is entirely black; the chin is white, not yellow; the spot on the crown is much smaller and deeper scarlet; the white cheek- stripe is much larger ; and the scarlet patch on the breast is larger and triangular in shape, instead of being longitudinal. Total length 3*2 inches, culmerx 0*4, wing 1*95, tail 0*9, tarsus 0*45. {Mus. Lugd.) Hab. Java. 2. Prionochilus ignicapillus. Dicasum ignicapillum, Ik/ton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105. Prionochilus percussus (non Temm.), Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. pp. 558, 559 (1845) ; id. Cat B. Mus. As. 8oc. p. 227 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 335 (1850); Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 112 (1850, pt.); Sorsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. E.L Co. Mus. ii. p. 751 (1854); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 403; tfwne, 8tr. F. 1879, pp. 56, 90; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 506; Safom, Cat 8tricM. Coll. p. 171 (1882); Bias. Verh. z.-b. GeselUch. Wien, 1883, p. 54; Oates, B. Brit Burm. i. p. 339 (1883). Dicseum percussum, Gray, Mand-l B. i. p. 116, no. 1440 (1869). Prionochilus ignicapillus, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 580. Adult male. General colour above slaty blue; the rump and upper tail-coverts a little clearer blue; wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills dusky blackish, edged externally with slaty blue, lighter on the outer webs of the secondaries ; tail-feathers blackish, washed on outer webs with slaty blue ; head like the back, more dusky on the forehead and lores ; in the centre of the crown a longitudinal patch of orange-scarlet; sides of face and ear-coverts slaty blue like the crown; cheeks white, tinged with yellow posteriorly, and separated from the throat VOL. X. F 66 DICmXDM. by a moustachial line of slaty grey, skirting the rami of the lower jaw; throat and under surface of body bright yellow, paler towards the abdomen ; on the fore neck and chest a central patch of scarlet- vermilion ; sides of upper breast slaty blue; sides of body rather greener, and washed with slaty blue; under tail-coverts white; axillaries and under wing-coverts white; quills dusky below, white along the inner web: " bill black, slaty beneath ; legs dark leaden ; iris reddish brown" (Wardlaw Ramsay). Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*1, tail 1*2, tarsus 0-55. Adult female. General colour above dull olive-greenish, clearer olive on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts ; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, quills, and tail- feathers dusky brown, washed externally with a little brighter yellowish olive than the back, the primaries externally edged with greenish grey, as well as the bastard-wing and primary-coverts ; head and sides of face olive-greenish, with a small patch of dull orange in the centre of the crown, the feathers obscured with olive tips; lores and eyelid ashy whitish; ear-coverts and sides of face like the crown, with a small cheek-stripe of greyish white, followed by a distinct malar stripe of dull ashy; throat pale yellow, whiter towards the chin; centre of breast and abdomen yellow, with a tinge of orange on the chest - sides of body and flanks more olive, mixed with grey where the bases show through ; thighs and under tail-coverts whitish, the latter slightly washed with yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries white: quills brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2, tail 0*05, tarsus 0*55. Young male. At first like the adult female, but afterwards gaining the full plumage by a direct moult. Yery young birds appear to have scarcely any indication of the patch on the crown, which is consequently almost obsolete. Hab. Malacca; Sumatra; Borneo. a,b. S ad. sk. Malacca. Capt Stackhouse PinwiH [P.]. c. (S ; d. 2 ad.sk. Malacca (Cantor), India Museum. e>f>9> c? juv. ; h, i. $ Malacca (Cantor). India Museum. juv. sk. k. <$ ad. sk. Penang (Cantor). India Museum. I, m. S ad. sk. Malacca. A.E.Wallace, Esq.[C.]. n, o. <$ 5 ad. sk. Malacca (Wallace). Gould Collection. p. tfad. sk. Sumatra. A.R.Wallace,Esq.[G.], q. $ ad. sk. Padang, Sumatra (Mtis. Gould Collection. Lugd.). r. S ad. sk. Borneo. Gould Collection. 3. PrioiiocMlTis xanthopygius. Prionochilus xanthopygius, Salvad. Aiti M. Aecad. Torin. iii. p. 416, cum fig. (1868); Walden} Ibis, 1872, p. 379; Sclater, Ibis, 1874, p. 2: Salvad, Uec. Born. p. 162 (1874) ; SJmrpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 17: id. Ibis, 1879, p. 261; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 795. 13 . PM03ST0CHILTJS* Adult male. General colour above slaty blue; least wing-coverts like the back; remainder of wing-coverts, bastard-wing, primary- coverts, and quills dusky brown edged with slaty grey, lighter and more ashy on the margin of the primaries; rump bright yellow; upper tail-coverts slaty blue; tail-feathers blackish, indistinctly barred with dusky and edged with slaty blue; crown of head slaty blue, as also the sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and sides of neck; in the centre of the crown a longitudinal patch of bright scarlet; entire under surface of body bright yellow, a little ashy on the chin and deeper on the throat; the fore neck orange, deepening into scarlet; thighs and under tail-coverts white with a slight yellowish tinge; flanks washed with olive; axillaries and under wing-coverts white; quills dusky below, white along the edge of the inner web : " bill black; legs dark grey; iris warm brown " (A. Everett). Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2, tail 0-95, tarsus 0*5. Adult female. Olive-green above, with a band of brighter yellow across the rump; head dull slaty blue, with a patch of dull orange on the crown; least wing-coverts dull slaty blue, the remainder dusky, edged with olive-green; tail-feathers dusky brown, washed externally with olive-green; sides of face, ear-coverts, and cheeks dull slaty blue; chin whitish; remainder of under surface of body yellow, deeper on the centre of the fore neck; sides of upper breast washed with ashy; flanks and sides of body olive-greenish; thighs and under tail-coverts white, the latter slightly tinged with yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries white; quills dusky below, white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1*85, tail 0*95, tarsus 0*55. The young male is apparently grey above, duller than the adult, with remains of olive on the back and on the edges of the wing- coverts and secondaries; rump bright yellow; upper tail-coverts olive; under surface as in the old female. Hah. Borneo. a. $ ad. ; b. S Sarawak. Harold Everett, Esq. [O.]. juv. sk. c. cS ad. sk. Tagora, Sarawak, May Alfred Everett, Esq. [O.]. 1875. d. <$ ad. sk. e. tf ad. sk. / . $ ad. sk. Bintulu, W. Borneo. Brunei. Lumbidan (H. Loio). Alfred Everett, Esq. [O.]. Governor Ussher [0.1 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 4. Prionochilus thoracicus. Pardalotus thoracicus, Temm. PL Col iii. pi. 600.figs. 1, 2 (1836). Prionockilus thoracicus, Strichl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29; Blyth, J. A. S. JBeng. xiv. p. 559 (1845); id. Cat. B.Mus. As. Soc. p. 229 (1849); Bp Consp. i. p. 335 (1850) ; Salvad. Atti B. Accad. Torin. iii. p. 417 (1868) 5 id. TIcc. Bom. p. 163 (1874); Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 17; JSume $ Davis. Str. F. 1878, p. 198; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 261; Burnt, Str. F. 1879, pp. 56, 90; Sharpe, P. Z. S 1881, DO DIGMTBM. Dicaeum thoraeicum, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847); id. Hand-L B. i. p. 116, no, 1444 (1869). Anaimos thoracicus, Meichenb. JSandb. Scmmrice, p. 245, Taf. dlviii. figs. 3798-99 (1853). Adult male (type of species). General colour above bright olive- yellow on the mantle and upper back; lesser wing-coverts bright yellow, forming a shoulder-patch; median and greater coverts as well as the quills deep black; lower back, rump, and upper tail- coverts bright yellow; tail-feathers deep black; entire head and hind neck, sides of neck, sides of face, and throat blue-black, with a central longitudinal patch of bright scarlet on the crown; throat and fore neck bright scarlet, forming a pectoral shield, which is surrounded by a deep circlet of blue-black, extending down from the sides of the neck and narrowing on the breast; rest of under surface of body pale yellow, extending on to the sides of the upper breast; flanks greener, with grey bases; thighs ashy ; under tail-coverts bright yellow; axillaries and under wing-coverts white : a blackish spot near the edge of the wing; quills blackish below, white along the edge of the inner web: " bill black; legs dark lead-colour; iris yellow'* {A. Everett). Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-25, tail 1*1, tarsus 0*6. Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above dingy yellowish olive, brighter and more golden-yellow on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts and quillb dusky brown, edtxed with olive-yellowish, rather brighter on the margin of the primaries; tail-feathers dusky brown, with dingy olive margins; head a little more ashy than the back and washed with olive: in the centre of the crown a patch of dull saffron-yellow ; ear-coverts and sides of face dingy ashy brown, washed with olive like the head: cheeks yellow, separated from the throat, which is also pale yellow, by a dusky olive malar streak; on the fore neck and chest a shield of pale vermilion, varied with the yellow bases to the feathers ; remainder of under surface of body and under tail-coverts brighter yellow ; the flanks and sides of body olive, intermixed with ashy where the grey bases to the feathers show through; sides of the upper breast especially washed with ashy; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, the edge of the wing oHve ; quills dusky below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*1 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2*05, tail 0V95, tarsus 0*5. (llus. Lugd.) Young male. At first resembling the adult female and gradually assuming the full plumage by a moult. Hah. Malayan peninsula and Borneo. a. S ad. sk. Malacca. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. b. <$ ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Staekhouse Phxwili !?•]• c. <$ ad. sk. Sarawak. A. E. Wallace, Esq. d. J ad. sk, Sarawak. Harold Everett, Esq. e. (5 ad. sk. Bintulu. Alfred Everett, Esq fi 9; <$ % a(*-sk- Ltunbidan (H. Zoiv.)* E. B. Sharpe, Esq. *h, i. S juv.; Jc, I Lumbidan (J5T, Low). E. B. Sharpe, Esq. $ juv. sk. 13 . PBIOITOCIIIL-US. 69 5. Prionochilus maculatus. Pardalotus maculatus, Temm. PI. Col iii. pi, 600. fig. 3 (1836). Prionochilus maculatus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29: Horsf. Sr Moore Cat. B. EX Co. Mus. ii. p. 752 (1856); Moore, P. X \ 185o' p. 464 ; Salvad. Atti E. Accad. Torin. iii. p. 418 (1868) * Walden Ibis, 1872, p. 379; Salvad. TIcc. Born. p. 164 (1874) • Shame Ibis, 1876, p. 43, 1877, p. 17; Hume $ Davison, Sir! E 1878 p. 199; Hume,Str.F.lS79}^. 56,90-, Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 506* Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 795; Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 340 (1883).' Dicseum maculatum, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847); id. Hand4 B. i. p. 116, no. 1441 (1869). Prionochilus thoracicus 5; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p 227 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 335 (1868). r Adult (type of species). General colour above uniform olivaceous, the lesser aud median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts and quills dusky brown, edged externally with olive, a little paler in shade than the back; tail-feathers dusky brown, edged with olive; head like the back, with an orange patch in the centre of the crown, the feathers tipped with tiny olive spots; lores obscure ashy whitish; sides of face olive like the crown; cheeks dull white, washed with olive behind; a broad moustachial streak of dusky olive, continuous with the striping of the rest of the underparts; centre of the throat, breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts yellow, paler towards the chin; flanks washed with olive, and having broad longitudinal streaks of dusky olive, very distinct on the sides of the fore neck and breast; under wing-coverts and axillaries white with a faint wash of yellow, and with a dusky patch near the edge of the wing ; quills ashy brown below, white along the edge of the inner web : " legs and feet very dark plumbeous in males, dirty smalt-blue in females ; upper mandible and lower mandible to angle of gonys black, rest plumbeous in males, smalt-blue in females; iris dull red " (Davison); "iris dragon's-blood red" (A. Everett), Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*05, tail 1*1, tarsus 0-55. (Mus. Lugd.) Adult female. Yery similar to the male in colour, but having the patch on the crown paler and more orange, that of the male being vermilion; " iris crimson " (A. Everett). The sexes measure as follows:— Total length. Culmen. in. in. Wing. in. Tail. in. Tarsus, in. cJ. Sarawak (Wallace).. 3*6 0-45 2*05 1*1 0-55 J . Sarawak (Wallace).. 3-6 0-4 2*0 0-95 0'55 Rah. From the southern portion of Tenasserim down the Malayan peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo. a, b, c. Ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum. d, e. Ad. sk. Penang (Cantor). India Museum. f, 9' 6 2 &&> s^- Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. a. Ad. sk. Madras. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.J. h. 2 ad. sk. Jhansi, Bundelkund, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. I P.". Jan. 10 (G. F. L. Marshall), i. Ad. sk. Bangalore (G. F. L. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], Marshall). 12. PrionocMlus modestus. Prionochilus modestus, Mume^ Sir. F. 1875, p. 298; id. 8f Davison, Sir. F. 1878, p. 200; Sume, Sir. F. 1879, pp. 50, 00; Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 340 (1883). Adult male. General colour above dull olive-greenish, clearer olive on the lower hack, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts like the back; the bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills dusky brown, edged with yellowish olive; tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with olive, the four outer feathers marked with white at the tip of the inner web, increasing in extent towards the outermost, where it forms a large spot; head like the back; sides of face and ear-coverts paler olive-greenish, the lores more ashy; sides of neck ashy olive; cheeks ashy white, separated from the throat by a malar line of dusky brown• throat and under surface of body white, washed with ashy on the fore neck and breast, which have broad and distinct dusky streaks of ashy brown; sides of body and flanks pale ashy brown washed with olive; under tail-coverts white, washed with pale yellow, and having dusky centres to the feathers; under wing- coverts and axillaries ashy white, washed with pale olive-yellow; quills dusky brown below, ashy along the edge of the inner web: " irides varying from pale to yellowish red and orange; the legs, feet, and claws dark plumbeous; the upper mandible varying from pale horny brown to horny black; the lower mandible varying as follows:—in some fleshy white tipped brownish, in others light ' plumbeous or blue, while in one or two specimens shot later in the spring the lower mandible as well as the gape was orange n (Davison). Total length 3*9 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*85, tail 1*25, tarsus 0-45. Adult female. Similar to the male in plumage. IotaJ length 4 inches, culmen 04, wing 2*35, tail 1*3, tarsus 0*5. Hah. Tenasserim, ranging into Pegu. a. c?; h, c. $ ad. sk. Pegu, Jan. 27. E. W. Oates, Esq. [C.]. . <$ ad. sk. Malewoon, S. Tenasserim. E. W. Oates, Esq. [C.J. 13. PKioirocHiLTrs. 13. PriouocMlns obsoletus. Pardalotus obsoletus, Mull fy SeU. Verh. Nat. Geseh. Zand- en Volhenk. p. 174 (1839-44); Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486. Dictum obsoletum, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 100 (1847); id. Hand-l B. I. p. 116, no. 1443 (1869). Pnonochiliis obsoletus, 8harpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 343, pi. xxx. &g % Adult male (type of species). General colour above dull ashy brown washed with, olive, the latter colour a little more distinct on the upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts and quills brown, washed externally with olive, a little lighter on the greater coverts and* quills; bastard-wing and primary-coverts more dusky brown; tail- feathers dark brown, edged and tipped with olive, the outer feather with a spot of ashy white at the tip of the inner web, smaller on the penultimate feather; head and sides of face as well as the ear- coverts like the back; cheeks and under surface of body ashy whitish, purer on the abdomen and thighs; under tail-coverts washed with pale yellow; sides of upper breast ashy brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy whitish; quills brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 2-3, tail 1*1, tarsus 0*55. (Mies. Lugd.) Adult female. I)oes not differ from the male in colour. Total length 3*5 inches, wing 2*35, tail 2-25, tarsus 0*5. (Mus. Lugd.) Hah. Timor and Mores. Erom the latter island there is a specimen in the Ley den Museum, collected by Semmelink, which seems to be precisely the same as the typical examples, allowing for a little fading of colour in the latter. The two specimens in the British Museum also seem to be identieal. a. S ad. sk. East Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]. b. Ad. sk. Flores. A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 14. PrionocMlus oHvaceus. Prionochilus olivaceus, Tweedd. Ann. $* Mag. Nat Hist. (4) xx. p. 536 (1877); id. P. Z S. 1878, p. Ill, pi. viii. ftg. 3; Wardlaw Bamsay, Orn. Works Tweedd. p. 658 (1881). Adult female (type of species). General colour above dingy yellowish olive, the head like the back; wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing and primary-coverts uniform blackish brown; quills blackish brown, externally yellowish olive like the back; tail-feathers blackish, yellowish olive along the outer webs; lores ashy whitish; feathers round the eye and ear-coverts yellowish olive; cheeks and sides of throat ashy grey, slightly tinged with olive; the breast and sides of the body ashy olive; centre of throat and fore neck dull white; abdomen and under tail-coverts whitish with a slight olive tinge; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, with a dusky patch near the edge of the wing; quills dusky blackish below, white along the edge of the inner web: "bill greyish black, the base of the mCMTDM. lower mandiblo yollow; legs light groy; iris Bionna-brown" (A. Everett). Total length 3*5 inolioH, oulmon 0-4, wing 2-15, tail 1*1, tarsus 056, (Miis. 1.1. G. Wardlaw Ramsay.) Adult male. Similar to the fomalo in plumage. Total length 3-5 inohos, oulmon 0-4, wing 2- L5, tail 1, tarsus 0*55. (Mus. R. Q. W. li.) Hab. Island of Dinagat in the Philippine archipelago. 15. Prionochilus everetti. I'rionochilus ovorotti, Sharps, Ibis, 1877, p. 10; id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. ,'J43, pi. xxx. iig. 1. Adult male (typo of species). General colour above uniform dark brown, with a scarcely porceptiblo shado of olivo on the lower back and rump ; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, with a narrow and almost obsoleto margin of olivo, more distinct on the secondaries and rather brighter on the primaries; tail-feathers blackish, narrowly margined with olivo; sides of face and oar-coverts dark brown, rather more ashy on the lores and cbeeks ; throat and centre of body below ashy whitish ; the sides of the throat, sides of body, and flanks ashy brown as well as the thighs; centre of breast with slight indications of ashy-brown streaks; under tail-coverts white with a faint tingo of yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy wbitish; quills dusky brown below, ashy along the edgo of the inner web: "bill dull yellow, brown at tip; legs dark grey; iris pale brown" (A. Everett). Total length 3*6 inches, culmon 0*35, wing 2-25, tail 1*1, tarsus 0*5. The specimen from Labuan, collected by the late Governor Ussher, is apparently in loss worn plumage than the type and has a distinct olive shado on the upper surface, particularly clear on the margins of tho quills ; tho sides of the face are cloarcr ashy brown ; and I lie under tail-coverts and under wing-covorts have dusky centres. Total length 3-7 inchos, wing 2-4, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*5. I/ah. Western liornoo and the island of Labuan. a. c? ad. sk. Bintulu, W. Borneo. Alfred Everett, Esq. [0.]. (Typo of species.) b. Ad. sir. Labuan. Governor Ussher [0.]. 14. PHOLIDORNIS. Type. Pholidornis, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 54 (1857). P. manias. Bill of Pholidornis rushiSALII)OI>ROCNINJF,, [p. 201. Subfamily HIRTJNDININ^l. (TRITE SWALLOWS.) In this Subfamily are found the bulk of the Hirundinidce, i. e. the Martins, Crag-Martins, Pork-tailed Swallows, and Square-tailed Swallows. The characters for the definition of the genera are prin cipally founded on those of Professor Baird's 6 Review/ which were adopted by me in my paper on the Eirundinidce of the Ethiopian Region in 1870, and have since been employed by Dr. Coues and Messrs. Salvin and Grodman. The possession of a forked tail does not seem to me to be a very strong generic character, for every grada tion in this respect occurs in Hirundo, and the same may be said of Tachydneta and Atticora. For the same reason I have not separated Cotile and Ptyonoprogne or Biblis, as one of the principal grounds for their generic separation is their mode of nidification, and to the discovery of this fact their outward form lends no clue. niKTJNDINIBJK. Key to the Genera. a. Toes feathered 1. OHKLIDON, p. 86. b. Toes bare. a'. Nostrils with a superior membrane, the nasal aperture longitudinal or oval. a". With no indentation or fork on the inner web of the outer tail-feathers. a'". Nostrils lateral, with a distinct longitudinal membrane overhanging the nasal aperture, rt*. Hind toe small and weak, particularly the claw; and not equal to outer too and claw 2. COTILE, p. 95. b*. Hind too very stout and robust, far exceeding- outer toe and claw in size 3. TACHYCINKTA, p. 112 //". Nostrils oval and exposed, with very slight superior membrano . . 4. PHEDINA, p. 122. b", Outer feather indented on the inner web, and generally elengated to a great extent, c'". Nostrilslateral,with distinct superior membrane 5. HIBXJNDO, p. 123. d'". Nostrils open and exposed, with scarcely any superior membrane. . 6. CHEEAMCECA, p. 171. b'. Nostrils without any superior membrane, rounded and exposed, c". Tail strongly forked; upper surface for the most part uniform, the rump like the back. e"'. Outer toe connected with middle toe as far as the basal joint; culminal ridge flattened 7. PROGNE, p 172. f". Outer toe connected with the middle as well as with its basal joint; culminal ridge rather elevated and only slightly rounded 8. ATTICOBA, p. 182. d". Tail square or onlyslightlyenmrginate; rump differing from the back in [p. 189 . colour 9. PETEOCHELIDON, 1. CHELIDON. Type Chelidon, Boie, l&is, 1822, p. 550 C. urbica. Delichon, Moore, P. Z. S.1854, p. 104 0. nipalensis. Leg of C/ielidon urbica, to show feathered toes. Range. Confined to the Old "World. Breeding in the norther n parts of Europe and Asia and wintering in India, the Burmese countries, and extending to Borneo. In Africa it reaches to Southeastern Africa and occasionally to West Africa. One species nonmigratory, but resident in iho Eastern Himalayas. 1. CHELIDOK. 87 Key to the Species, a. Under tail-coverts white. a'. With no white spot on the inner web of the outer tail-feather. a". Long unper tail-coverts black; remainder white Eke ramp. a'". Ohm white like rest of throat. a4. Below pure white : size larger; wing 4-25-4*3 inches: tail greatly forked (fig. p. 89) , urbica, p. 87. b4\ Below sullied white, washed with smoky brown : size smaller ; wing 4 inches j tail much less forked (fig. p. 91) cashmiriensis, p. 90. b"\ Chin with a black spot, as well as the base of the cheeks; below smoky whitish ; tail not much forked (fig. p. 92) dasypus, p. 91. h". Long upper tail-coverts white like the remainder and the rump; no black spot on* chin; tail moderately forked (fig. p. 94) lagopus, p. 93. V. With a white spot on the ©ttte-web of the outer tail-feather fow4/. albigena, p. 94. b. Under tail-coverts black nipalensis, p. 95. 1. Chelidon urbica. La petite Hirondelle ou le Martinet a cul blanc, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 490 (1760). Hirundo urbica, Linn. Syst. Nat i. p. 344 (1766) ; Temm. Man. cPOrn. i. p. 428 (1815); Roux, Orn. Provenc. pi. 144 (1825); Werner, Atlas, Chelidones, pis. 2, 3 (1827); Namn. Yog. Beutsehl. vi. p. 75, Taf. 145 (1823) ; MenStr. Cat rais. Cam. p. 45 (1832) • Selby, Brit B. p. 213, pi. 42. fig. 2 (1833); Gould, B. Bur. ii. pi. 57 (1838) ; SchL 8f Susem. Fog. Bur. Taf. vi. I. fig. 1 (1839); Macgill. Brit. B. iiL p. 573 (1840); Nordm. in BStnid. Voy. Buss. MSrid. iii. p. 200 (1840); Hewits. Eggs Brit. B. i. p. 216, pi. 57. £g. 3 (1846); Thompis. Nat Hist Ireland, i. p. 389 (1849); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 198 (1849, pi); Kjcerb. Danm. Bugle, pi. adv. ^g. 5 (1852) ; SchL Fog. Nederl pi. 58 (1854); Sundev. Sv. Fogl. pi. xvii. fig. 6 (1850-72) ; Linderm. Fog. Griechenl. p. 117 (1860) ; SchL Di&r. Nederl Fogels, pi. 6.figs. 5,5a (1861); Keidem. N. T. B. iii. p. 384 (1866) ; Borggr. Fbgelf. NorddeutscM. p. 100 (1869); Gray, B. W. Scotl. p. 209 (1871); Ilarting, Blandb. Brit B. p. 35 (1872); Godm. Ibis, 1872, p. 171 • Keid. Onze Fogels, ii. pi. 9 (1873) ; Saxby, B. Shetl p. 146 (1874) • EarUng, Summer Migr. p. 184 (1875); Fallon, Ois. Belg. p. 124 (1875) ; Seebohm, Mis, 1882, pp. 210, 372; id. Brit B. iii. p. 178, pi. 17 (1883); Dixon, Ibis, 1882, p. 561; Homey er 8f Tancre, Mitth. orn. Fer. Wien, May 1883, p. 83. Le Petit Martinet, JDaubent Bl. Bnl. vii. pi. 542. L'Hirondelle au croupion blanc ou L'Hirondelle de Penetre, Month Hist Nat Ois. vi. p. 614, pi. xxv. fig. 2 (1779). Martin, Bath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 564 (1783). Hirundo domestica, Leach, Syst Cat. Mamm. etc. Brit Mus. p. 19 (1816). OheEdon urbica, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 550; Bilpp. Neue Wirb. p. 106 (1838); Kmfs. $ Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. Ixi (1840); Bupp. Syst Uebers. p. 22 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 60 (1845) ; id. Cat Fissin 88 HIKTTNDINIDJS. Brit. Mus. p. 31 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 343 (1850) ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 51 (1850); Bolle, J. f. O. 1854, p. 460; Beugl Syst Uehers. p. 17 (1856); Jaul. et Barth.-Lapomm. Pick Orn. p. 340 (1859) ; Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 302; Tristr. t c. p. 434; FLeugl. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 419; Gould, B. Gt. Br. vol. ii. pi. 6 (1862-73) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 166 (1862) ; Newton in Baring-Gould's Iceland, p. 408 (1863); Brehm, Beis. Babesch. p. 272 (1868; ; Filippi, Viac/g. Pers. p. 346 (1865); Bettoni, TJcc. nidif. Lomb. tav. 67 (1865-70); More, Ibis, 1865, p. 139; Baird, Ibis, 1867, p. 281; JDegl et Gerbe, Orn. Mir. i. p. 592 (1867) ; Loche, AipL Sci. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 71 (1867); Tristr. Ibis, 1867, p. 364 ; Drake, t c. p. 425 ; Saunders, Ibis, 1869, p. 174; Eeugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 168 (1869); Doderl Avif. Sicil. p. 145 (1869) ; Droste, Yogelw. Bork. p. 87 (1869) ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1870, p. 12; Flwes $ Buckley, t c. p. 200; Blanf. Geol $ Zool Abyss, p. 349 (1870) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 202; Fritsch, Vog. Bur. tab. 23. fig. 5 (c. 18701; Salrad, Faun. Ital, Ucc. p. 51 (1871); Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 125 (1&72); Alst. Sf Karrie Brown, Ibis, 1873, p. 59; Brooke, t. c. p. 237; Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 323; Brooks, Sir. F. 1875, p. 323; Dresser, B. Fur. iii. p. 495, pi. 162 (1875); Irby, B. Gibr. p. 102 (1875); Wharton, Ibis, 1876, p. 19; Walden, t c. p. 356; Blanf. Fast Persia, ii. p. 216 (1876); Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 84; Bogdanof, JB. Caucas. p. 116 (1879) ; Newt. ed. Yarr. Brit B. ii. p. 349 (1880); Butler, Cat. B. S. Bombay Pres. p. 15 (1880); Collett, Norges Fugle, p. 286 (1881); Giglioli, Flench. Ucc. Ital p. 63 (1881); Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 47; Scully, t c. p. 428; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 259; Biddulph, t c. p. 269; Severtz. Ibis, lw*3, p. 70; B. O. U. list Brit B. p. 44 (1883); Tristr. Faun. # Flor. Palest, p. 62 (1884); Padde, Orn. Cauc. p. 36 (1884). Chelidon fenestrarum, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 140 (1831). Chelidon mpestris, C. L. Brehm, t. c. p. 140 (1831). Hirundo Candida, Naum. Vog. Deutschl. vi. p. 77 (1833). Hiraiido varia, Naum. Vog. Deutschl. vi. p. 77 (1833). Hirundo pallida, Naum. Vog. Deutschl. vi. p. 77 (1833). Chelidon tectorum, C. L. Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 271. Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above deep purplish, blue, with slight indications of the white bases of the feathers showing on the hind neck and mantle; wing-coverts blackish brown, the lesser series slightly glossed with purple, the median and greater coverts with a very faint steely gloss; bastard-wing, primary- coverts, and quills also blackish brown, slightly glossed with steely green; lower back and rump pure white, with narrow shaft-lines of dusky; upper tail-coverts dull steel-blue ; tail-feathers blackish brown, with a slight steel-blue gloss on the centre feathers; crown of head like the back; lores and feathers round the eye black, as well as the ear-coverts; cheeks and lower ear-coverts as well as the entire surface of the hody pure white; sides of body and flanks very pale smoky brown ; thighs white; under tail-coverts white with a slight wash of dingy brown, the shaft-stripes dusky and tolerably distinct; under wing-coverts and axillaries smoky brown, the outer wing-coverts mottled with dusky bases to the feathers; quills dusky brown below, a little paler on the inner edge: " bill black; feet black; iris dark brown." Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4-25, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*45. 1. CHELIDON. 8 9 Tail of Chelidon urbiea. Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4*3, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*45. Young. Distinguished from the adults at a glance by the yellow gape and white fringes at the ends of the secondaries. The colour of the upper surface is much duller, being often of a dingy brown with a gloss of purplish or greenish steel-blue; the throat is pale smoky brown, well defined on the fore neck, and contrasting with the rest of the under surface, which is pure white. Before leaving England, the plumage becomes worn and dingy brown, but the new feathers begin to show in examples killed late in October. Young birds in first autumn plum ago often have the fore neck buff-coloured. Hob. All over Europe in summer, breeding even in the far north. Specimens have been procured in South-eastern Africa, and its winter home is therefore probably Central Africa. It straggles also to Turkestan and North-western India; but as sufficient care has not been taken by collectors to distinguish between this species and G. caslimiriensis, its Indian range cannot well be determined. a. 3 ad. sk. Axmouth, Devon, April E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 1883 (H. Swaysland). b. c? ad. sk. Axmouth, Devon, April B. B. Sharpe, Esq_. [P.], 1883 (H. Swaysland). c. Juv. sk. Devonshire. Col. Montagu [P.l. d. "Var. alb. st. Devonshire. Col. Montagu [P.J. e. \'ar. alb. st. Devonshire. J. Prideaux, Esq. [P.]. f. $ ad. sk. Alton, Hants (J. GX Gould Collection. g. h. $ ad. sk. Avington, Hants, May 14. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. i. Var. alb. st. Pagham, Sussex, Sept. J. E. Harting, Esq. I C.]. k, I. Juv. sk. Brighton, Oct. 1883 (H. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. Sicaystand). m. Juv. sk. Brighton, end of October R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. (II. Swaysland). n. 2 ad.; o. c? juv. Cookham, Berks, Aug. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. sk. HrRTOTDIlSXDJE. p. Juv. sk. Kingsbury, Middlesex. J. E. Harting, Esq. [P.]. q. $ juv. sk. Rornney, Kent, Sept. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. rP.]. r, s. P-Of- b". Under wing-coverts' white': size larger-\sheU P- 1°4P- iU4 outer tail-feathers; under tail-coverts dark <.cowamfbrown, c'. Throat and chest deep rufous, contrasting with sooty-brown abdomen. i / /• / TAR c". Larger: throat clear uniform rufous .. \JtUWuf> V- «* \ruJl9utth iU7 d". Smaller: throat dull rufous streaked P-with brown concohr, p. 108. dl. Throat and chest pale isabelline or sandy buff, fading into the slightly deeper colour of the abdomen. e". Larger; wing 4-9 inches: chin minutely spotted with brown rupestris, p. 109. f". Smaller; wing 4,5-4,55 inches; chin and throat uniform obsoleta, p. 111. 1. Cotile riparia*. L'Hirondelle de rivage, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 506 (1760); Daubent. PI JEnl vii. pi. 543. fig. 2. being apparently the presence or absence of a tiny tuft of feathers at the posterior end of the tarsus, which is absent in the Crag-Martins (Biblis), but present in the Sand-Martins {Cotile), where it seems to indicate a slight affinity to the feathered-legged Martins (Chelidon). * For a complete record of American references to this species the reader is referred to Cones, B. Color. Vail. p. 435. 2. COTILE. 97 Hirundo riparia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 344 (1766); Ball Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 535 (1811); Wilson, Amer. Orn. v. p 46, pi. 38. 6g. 4 (1812); Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 429 (1815); Roux, Orn. Broveng. pi. 143 (1825); Audub. B. Amer. pi. 385 (c. 1826); Werner, Atlas, Chelidones, pi. 3 (1827); Swam, fy Richards. Faun. Bor.-Amer., Birds, p. 383 (1831); Menetr. Cat rais. Cauc. p. 45 (1832) ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. vi. p. 100, Taf. 146. figs. 3,4 (1833); Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. 58 (c. 1837); Auduh. Orn. Biogr. iv. p. 584 (1838); id. B. Amer. 8vo, i. p. 187, pi. 7. fig. 3 (1840); Macgill. Hist Brit. B. iii. p. 595 (1840); Nordm. in DSmid. Vog. Buss. Merid. iii. p. 400 (1840); Heioits. Eggs Brit B. i. p. 218, pi. 57. fig. 3 (1846) ; Thomps. Nat. Hist. Ireland, i. p. 400 (1849); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 199 (1849); Lembeye, Aves Cuba, p. 47, pi. 7. fig. 3 (1850); Midd. Sibir. Reis., Zool. p. 189 (1851); Kjcerb. Damn. Fugle, pi. 14. fig. 6 (1852); Schl. Vog. Nederl. pi. 59 (1854); Sundev. Su. Fogl pi. 17. fig. 7 (1856-72); Schrench, Reis. Amurl p. 389 (1859) ; Linderm. Vog. Griechenl. p. 118 (1860); Schl. Bier. Nederl, Vogels, pi. 6. figs. 7, 7a (1861); Borggr. Vogelf. Norddeutschl p. 100 (1869); R. Gray, B. W. Scott, p. 209 (1871); Harting, Handb. Brit. B. p. 35 (1872); Maynard, B. Florida, p. 75 (1871); Saxby, B. Shetl p. 147 (1874); Fallon, Ois. Belg. p. 125 (1875); Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, p. 372; id. Brit B. iii. p. 184, pi. 17 (1883). Clivicola europea, Forst. Syn. Cat. Br. B. p. 58 (1817). Sand Martin, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 568 (1783). Hirundo cinerea, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 526 (1817). Cotile riparia, Boie, Ms, 1822, p. 550 ; Selby, Brit B. p. 125, pi. 42. fig. 3 (1833); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 73, no. 864 (1869); Wharton, Ibis, 1879, p. 451; Coues, Bull Nutt Orn. Club, 1880, p. 96; Hume, Str. F. 1880, p. 246; A. § B. Neiot. Handb. Jamaica, 1881, p. 107; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 101; Seebohm, t. c. p. 210; Dixon, t. c. p. 561; Cones, Chech-list B. p. 43 (1882) ; Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 310 (1883); B. O. XI. List Brit B. p. 44 (1883); Seebohm, Ibis, 1883, p. 22; Irby, t. c. p. 83; Tristr. Faun. SflFlor. Palest, p. 62 (1884); Coues, Key N.-Amer. B. nd ed. p. 324 (1884). Ootyle riparia, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 971; Brehm, Vog. Deutschh pj'143 (1831); Bp. Comp. List B. Fur. $ iV. Amer. p. 9 (1838); Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Fur. p. lxi (1840); Rilpp. Syst TJebers. p. 22 (1845); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 60 (1845); id. Cat Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 29 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 342 (1850); Breioer, N.-Amer. Ool p. 105, pi. 4. fig. 49 (1850) ; Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 124; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. F.I. Co. Mus. i. p. 95 (1854); Cassin, B. Calif, p. 247 (1850) ; Heugl Syst Uebers. p. 17(1856); Jaub.et Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 313 (1859); Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 302; Tristr. t. c. p. 434; Baird, B. N. Amer. p. 313 (1860); Gould, B. Gt Brit. ii. pis. 7, 8 (186273); Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 163 (1862) ; Gray, Cat Brit. B. p. 34 (1863); March, Broc. Philad. Acad. 1863, p. 295; Neioton in Baring-Gould?s Iceland, p. 408 (1863); Baird, Reviezo Amer. B. p. 319 (1864); More, Ibis, 1865, p. 139; Coues, t. c. p. 159; Dresser, t c. pp. 313, 479; Filippi, Viagg. Bers. p. 346 (1865); Bettoni, JJcc. Nidif. Lomb. tav. 53 (1865-70); Baird, Ibis, 1867, pp. 275, 286, 289; Tristr. t c. p. 363; Drake, t. c. p. 425; Degl et Gerbe, Orn. Fur. i. p. 596 (1867); Locke, Expl Sci. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 70 (1867); Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 427; Heugl VOL. x. H HiExns-DrN-iDJs. Orn. NO.-Afr. i. p. 165 (1869); Boderl Avif. Sictl. p. 146 (1860); Droste, Vogelw. Borh. p. 88 (1869); Finsch «$• Haril. Vog. Ostafr. p. 145 (1870); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 18703 p. 296; Cooper, B. Calif, p. 110 (1870); Fritsch, Vog. Fur. pi. xxiv. figs. 1, 2 (1870) ; Pel*. Orn. Bras. pp. 18, 402, xxv (1871) ; Sahad. Faun. Ital, TIcc. p. 54 (1871); Swinh. F. Z. S. 1871, p. 346; Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 205 ; Jerd. i. c. p. 353; Coues, Key N.-Aner. B. p. 114 (1872); Dybowski, J. f. O. 1872, p. 353, 1874, p. 334; Brooke, Ibis, 1873, p. 237; Serertz, Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873); Hume, Sir. F. 1873, p. 164; Scl fy Salvin, Nomencl. A v. Neotr. p. 14 (1873); Anfin. § Salt adm Viagg. Bogos, p. 72 (1873); Coues, B. N.-West, p. 89 (1874); Baird, Brezuer,fy Ridgw. Mist. N. Amer. B. p. 353, pL 16. %. 4 (1874); Dresser, B. Fur. iii. p. 505, pi. 103 (1874); Hurting, Summer Migr. p. 187 (1875) ; Butler, Str. F. 1875, p. 452; Hume, t. c. p. 452; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 104 (1875); Blanf. Fast Pers. ii. p. 216 (1876); C. B. Wharton, Ibis, 1876, p. 19; Seebohm §• Mai-vie Brown, t. c. pp. 220T 35(3; Tacz. Bull. Soe, ZooL France, i. p. 134 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 102 (li>77) ; David <§* Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 128 (1877); Finsch, Ibis, 1877, pp. 5Q, &2; Butler, Str, F 1877, pp. 217,227; Coues, B: Colon Vail. p. 435 (1878) ; Roicley, Orn, Misc. iii. p. 81, pi. 94 (1878); Hume % Davison, Str. F 1878, pp. 44, 497 ; Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 8; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, pp. 17,30; Ramsay FAS, 1879, p. 446; Finsch, Reis. West-Sibirien, p. 39 (1879); ^Ilume, Str. F. 1879, p. 84; Bingham, i. c. p. 192; Butler, Cat B. Sind etc. p. 13 (1879); Bogdanoff, B. Cauc. p. 117 (1*70); Newton, ed. Yarr. Brit. B. ii. p. 355 (lb^O); Colletf, Xorqrs Fiujle, p. 286 (1881); Qiglioli, Flench. Ucc. Ital, p. 04 (IbSI); Dixon, Ibis, 1882, p. 561; Blakist. & Fryer, R. Japan, p. 139 (1882) ; Solum $ Godm. Biol Centr.-Amer., Aves, p. 240 (1^3) ; Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 36 (1884); Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 103 (1884). Ootyle fluviatilis, Brehm, Yog. Deutschl. p. 142 (1831). Ootyle microrhynehos, Brehm, t c. p. 143 (1831). CKvicola riparia, Stejn. Fr. U. S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 32 (1882). Adult male. General colour above dark earthy brown, a little lighter on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, the feathers of which hare more or less distinct!}- indicated margins of paler brown; wing-coverts darker brown than the back, with indistinct margins of lighter brown; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills very dark brown, the innermost secondaries paler and more like the back; tail-feathers brown, with a narrow whitish edging towards the tip of the inner web of all but the centre feathers ; lores dusky blackish, with a slight hoary shade above them, remains of hoary edges to the feathers being seen on the basal frontal feathers; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts brown; cheeks, throat, and under surface of body pure white, the throat separated from the breast by a very broad and distinct collar of dark brown; this brown colour also extending down the sides of the body, and occupying the centre of the breast in the shape of a few feathers which have the inner webs dark brown; thighs brown; axillaries and under wing- coverts dark brown, those near the edge of the wing broadly edged. with whitish; quills dusky brown below, lighter along the inner webs: "bill blackish brown; legs dark brown; iris dark hazel77 2 . COTILE. (Dresser). Total length 4*8 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 4-25, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*45. Sexes alike in plumage. An adult female measures:—Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 4*35, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*4. Young. Lighter brown than the adult, and distinguished by the sandy-rufous or ashy-whitish edgings to the feathers of the back and wings; the throat is also slightly tinged with pale rufous; the breast-band is strongly pronounced, but has pale edges to the feathers. These light margins to the feathers seem to disappear somewhat before the young birds leave this country, specimens killed in August having the pale edgings much broader and more strongly charac terized than a young bird killed at the end of September. 0. littoralis of Hemprich and Ehrenberg has been referred by Mr. Dresser, and all recent authors, as a synonym of G. riparia. One of the typical specimens is in Capt. Shelley's collection, and it is evident from the style of, plumage, even though the specimen is quite immature, that it belongs to the O.~paludicola group of the genus Cotile, even if the absence of the tuft of small plumes behind the base of the tarsus were not sufficient to show that it could not be the young of 0. riparia. Like other Swallows, the Sand-Martin moults while in its winter quarters. Mr. Gurney has presented to the British Museum a specimen shot by Mr. T. Ayres in the Transvaal on the 28th of February. The body-plumage seems to have been completely moulted, but some of the quills and tail-feathers are not entirely renewed. From this specimen it appears that in the fresh-moulted bird the inner secondaries are distinctly edged with white, and remains of these white edges are seen in all newly arrived birds in Europe. American birds are not to be distinguished from Old-World examples. Hah. The whole of the northern parts of the Old "World in summer, extending in winter to South-eastern Africa, Northwestern India, and the Burmese countries. North America, ranging as far south as Brazil in winter. a. Old- World Specimens. a. Ad. sk. Scotland (Sir W. Jardine). India Museum. b. Juv. sk. Upware, Cambridgeshire, F. D. Godmanand0. Salvin> Es^s Aug. 17,1856 (O. &).- (?•]• c>d. <3 ad. sk. Upware, April 29,1856 Gould Collection. (0. &)• e. Ad. sk. Hampstead, Middlesex. F. D. Godman and 0. Salvin, Esqrs. [P.]. Juv. sk. Cookham, Berks, Aug. 28 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. (JR. B. 8.). fft h. <$ juv. sk. Romney Marsh, Aug. 1882 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. (R. B. S.). i. Ad.; h # Tachvcineta albilinea, Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. 11. p. 271 (1874) : Sato. 8? Godm. Biol Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 235 (1883). Hirundo albilineata, Gray, Hand-l B. I p. 71, no. 845 (1869). * Hirundo leucopygia, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 192; id. Orn. Perou, i. p. 240 (1884). Adult male, General colour above glossy steel-blue, more or less inclining to steel-green, the bases to the feathers of the mantle ashy white; rump white, with hair-like blackish shaft-lines; KTRvnBvsrn>m. scapulars like the back; wing-coverts "blackish, externally edged with steel-blue; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, with a slight gloss of dull blue or steel-green on their outer webs; upper tail-coverts steel-blue; tail-feathers black with a steel-blue gloss; head like the back; lores and feathers below the eye velvety black, with a narrow supraloral streak of white; upper half of ear-coverts and sides of neck glossy steel-green; lower half of ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, and under surface of body pure white; the long under tail-coverts with remains of blackish longitudinal streaks near their ends; the fore neck, breast, and sides of body rather more ashy than the rest of the under surface and having narrow dusky shaft-lines; on the sides of the upper breast a small patch °^ steel-green; axillaries and under wing- coverts ashy whitish, with hair-like shaft-lines of dusky brown; quills below dusky, lighter along the inner webs. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 3*9, tail 1*9, tarsus 0*4. (Jfus. Salvin and Goclman.) Obs. The white margins to the inner secondaries, from which this species derives its name, are either signs of immaturity or winter plumage. In most Swallows these white edgings are indications of youth; but all the specimens as yet examined by me which possessed this character have been also in winter plumage, which in this species is not difficult to tell, as the under surface is much whiter than in the summer plumage, there being much less of the ashy-brown shade on the breast and sides, while the dusky shaft-lines are almost entirely .obscured. The winter plumage is more steel-green than the summer dress, the wearing of the feathers being accompanied by a steel-blue lustre in the place of the green. H. albiUnea appears to be a small representative of II. leucorrhoa. The following characters distinguish it from that species:—1st, its smaller size; 2nd, its greener style of plumage; 3rd, the less extended white rump-band, which has always a dusky shaft- streak ; 4th, the breast always more or less distinctly streaked with dusky; 5th, the white line over the eye not continued across the base of the forehead. The young birds of E. albilinea never show the obscure brown tips to the rump-feathers which are always a sign of immaturity in If. leucorrhoa. Hab. Central America, from Mexico to Panama, and extending to Peru. a. Ad. sk. Guatemala (Sakzri). Sclater Collection, b. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Osbert Salvin, Esq. c. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan), Sclater Collection. d. Juv. sk. Chepen, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Collection* 4. Tachycraeta meyeni Hirundo leucopyga (nee Ltchf), Meyen, Arava Acta Acad, L-C AW Own 1834, %^Z. p. 78, pi. 10. * * Petrochelidon meyeni, JB^-CompA. p. 48 (1850); Cass. Oat. Mrund 3 . TACHYciirarrA. Mils. PMad. Acad. p. 5 (1853); Sclater, Cat. Amer. B. r>. 40 (1862). * Hirando meyeni, Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 302 (1805); Sclater P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 321, 337 ; id. Sf Salv. Ibis, 18G8, p. 185 ; Ormu Hand-l B. i. p. 72, no. 848 (18G9) ; Scl. df Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 499, & 1878,p. 432; ikl Report Voy.< Challenger: ii.Birds, p. 100 (1881). n Adult. General colour above glossy purplish blue, -with, a broad white band across the rump ; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts blackish, washed with blue externally; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, with a dull bluish gloss ; upper tail-coverts purplish blue• tail-feathers blackish washed with steel-blue; lores and feathers below the eye velvety black, with a very narrow supraloral white line; head, ear-coverts, and sides of neck purplish blue like the back; cheeks and under surface of body white, with a dusky spot at the base of the cheeks; on the chest a slight shade of smoky brown; sides of upper breast brown with a wash of purplish blue; sides of body also washed with pale smoky brown; axillaries and under wing-coverts smoky brown; quills dusky brown below, lighter on the inner webs. Total length 5'5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4*2, tail 2*1, tarsus 0-45. Young. Differs from the adult in being duller in colour and much browner on the head and wings, with narrow ashy-whitish edges to the inner secondaries; supraloral white streak more distinct ; throat tinged with sandy buff; fore neck and chest mottled with brown bases, and the centre of the chest with a distinct brown streak caused by the brown inner webs of some of the feathers • gape yellow. (Mus. Salvin and Godman.) Hob. Prom Chili and Southern Patagonia to Bolivia. a. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Collection. b, e. Ad.; d. Juv. sk. Chili. E, C. Reed, Esq. [O.l e,f. $ ad.; g. 6 inrm. sk. Chili (Reed). B. B. Sharpe, Etq. [P.l h. Ad. sk. Prov. Colchagua R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. (Reed), i $ ad.; k}L <$ § juv. Sandy Point, Straits Voy. H.M.S.' Challenger sk. of Magellan. m. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Brydges). Sclater Collection. 5. Tachycmeta bicolor. Hirundo bicolor, Vieill Ois. AmSr. Sept i. p. 61, pi. 31 (1807) Audub. B. Amer. pi. xcviii. (c. 1826); Swains, and Richards. Faun Bor.-Amer.j Birds, p. 328 (1831); Audub. Orn. Biogr. i. p. 49 (1831) ; id. B. Amer. 8vo, i. p. 175, pi. 46 (1840); Gray, Gen. B. i, p. 58 (1845): Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 46 (1850); Wottey, Zool. 1853 p. 3806; Cass. III. B. Calif, p. 244 (1856) • Brewer, N. Amer. Ool p. 100, pi. 4 (1837); Newton, P Z. S. 1860, p. 131 j Baird, Cass., § Lawr.B. N. Amer. p. 310 (1860); Blahist. Ibis, 1862, p. 4, 1803 p. 64; Gray, Cat Brit. B. p. 33 (1863) ; Baird, Review Amer. B p. 297 (1865) ; id. Ibis, 1867, pp. 273, 275, 289; Brown, Ibis, 1868 p. 420; Ball fy Bonn. Trans. Chicago Acad. I p. 279 (1869) 118 ITSSJJinimiDM. Cooper, B. Calif, p. 106 (1870) ; BLarting, Handb. Brit. B. p. 125 (1872); Sol fy Salv. Xomencl. Av. Xeotr.v. 14 (1873) ; Maynard, B. Florida, p. 72 (1873); Baird, Brewer, $ Bidgw. Hist. X. Amer. B. p. 344, pi. 16. fig. 8 (1874) ; B. 0. IT. List Brit B. p. 43 (1883) Hirundo viridis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. p. 44, pi. 38. fig. 3 (1812). Hirundo leucogaster, Steph. Gen. Zool. x. p. 106 (1817). Chelidon viridis, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 971, 1828, p. 316. Hirundo prasina, Licht. Preis-Verz. mex. Yog. 1830, p. 2; Cab. J.f. 0.1863, p. 58. Clielidon bicolor, Less. Compl. Buff. viii. p. 494 (1837) * Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. Sf X. Amer. p. 8 (1838). Clielidon leucoga&tra, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 171. Herse bicolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 341 (1850). Tachycineta bicolor, Cab. Mas. Kern. Th. i. p. 48 (1850) ; Gundl J. f. O. 1861, p. 339,-Allen, Bidl. Mus. C. Zool ii. p. 269 (Wl); Cones, Key N. Amer. B. p. 113 (1872); id. B. K-West, p. bt> (1874) j id.B. Colorado Vail.-p. 413 (1^78); Cory, B. Bahama Isl p. 80 (1880) ,* Salv. $* Godm. Biol. Centra Amer., Aves, i. p. 235 (1883). Petrochelidon bicolor, Cass. Cat. Hirund. Mus. Philad. Acad. p. 4 (1853); ScL P. Z. S. 1857, p. 201, l>*5fl, p. 364; id. 4* Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 13; ScL Cat. Amer. B. p. 40 fl-02). Iridoprocne bicolor, Cones, Check-list,^. 42 (18^2): id.KeyX. Amer. B. p. 322 (1884). Hirundo bicolor, var. vesperthia, Cooper, Amer. Xat. x. p. 91 (1^7C)} id. Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus. ii. p. 246 (I&fcO); Itidgw. Pr. U.S. Xat. Mus. iii. p. 234 (1880). Adult male. General colour above glossy steel-blue, greener on the bead, the scapulars like the back; lesser and median wing- coverts steel-blue; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, the former edged and the latter glossed externally with steel-blue, duller on the primary-coverts and quills; tail-feathers blackish with a steel-blue gloss; lores and feathers below the eye velvety black; upper edge of the ear-coverts and sides of the neek steel-green like the head; cheeks, remainder of ear-coverts, and entire under surface of body white, with a patch of brown glossed with steel-green on the sides of the upper breast; axillaries and under wing-coverts smoky brown, those near the edge of the wing dull whitish; quills below dusky brown; " feet flesh-coloured" {Audubon). Total length 5*3 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4*55, tail 2-25, tarsus 0*45. Adult female. Similar to the male. Adult in tuinter plumage. Exactly like the summer plumage, but much greener above. In breeding-dress the green appears to get worn off and exchanged for steel-blue, and the green gloss disappears almost entirely from the sides of the upper breast, which becomes brown. Young. Yery different from the adults and without metallic gloss. General colour above sooty or mouse-brown; the wing- coverts and quills like the back; lores blackish; ear-coverts like the head; cheeks, throat, and under surface of body white; fore neck and chest pale mouse-brown, darker on the sides of the'chest and flanks; gape yellow. 119 3 . TACHYCINETA. Bab. The whole of North America from Alaska southwards, ranging throughout Central America in winter to Guatemala. Cuba. a. Ad. sk. N.W. America. Capt. Collinson [P.]. b. Ad. sk. Fort Norman. Sir John Richardson [P.]. c. Ad. sk. Tort Simpson. B. R. Rosa, Esq.. [P.], d. d juv. sk. Lake of Woods N. A. Boundary Commis( G. Dawson). sion [P.]. e. Ad. sk. Niagara Falls. Gould Collection. /. 6 ad. sk. S. Juan Island. Dr. Lyall [P.]. g, h. Ad. sk. Sumass Prairie, Brit. N. A. Boundary Commis- Columbia (7. K. Lord). sion [P.]. *, k. <$ $ ad. sk. West side of Rocky J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.]. Mountains. I. Juv. sk. Oyster Bay, Long Island, U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. N.Y., Aug. 26 (Roosevelt). m. $ ad. sk. Berry Lake, N. Indiana, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. July 4 (H. K. Code), n. Ad. sk. California. J. Gould, Esq. o. $ ad. sk. Northern California, June 11 U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. (C.H. Totonsend). p. Ad. sk. North America. q. Ad. sk. North America (Bell). Sclater Collection. r. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. s. Juv. sk. Mexico. Purchased. t, u. J J ad. sk. Mexico. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. IP.]. v. Ad. sk. Mirador, Mexico, June U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. (Br. C. Sartorius). w. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Gould Collection. 6. Tachycineta thalassinus. Hirundo thalassina, Swains. Phil. Mao. new ser. i. p. 366 (1827); Audub. B. Amer. pi. 385 ; id. Orn. Biogr. iv. p. 597 (1838) ,• Bp. Comp. List B. Bur. ty N. Amer. p. 9 (1838) ,* Audub. B. Amer. i. p. 186, pi. 49 (1840); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 58 (1845); Benny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 38; Cass. III. B. Calif, p. 245 (185G) ; Brewer, JSf. Amer. Ool. i. p. 102 (1857); Baird, Cass.,fyLawr.B. JSl. Amer. p. 311 (1860); Baird, Beview Amer. B. p. 299 (18G5); Breioer, Amer. Nat. i. p. 122 (1867); Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 421; Gray, JECand-l B. i. p. 71, no. 841 (1869); Cooper, B. Calif, p. 107 (1870); Scl fy Sah. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 14 (1873); Baird, Breioer, Sf Bidgw. Mist K Amer. B. p. 347, pi. 16. fig. 11 (1874). Cecropis thalassinus, Less. Cpmpl Buff. viii. p. 499 (1837). Chelidon thalassina, Bole, Isis, 1844, p. 171. Herse thalassina, Bp. Consp. i. p. 341; Coues, Ibis, 1865, pp. 159,163. Tachycineta thalassina, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 48 (1850); Sumiehr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. i. p. 547 (1869); Coues, Key K Amer. B. p. 113 (1872) ; id. B. N.-West, p. 86; Bidgw. Bep. Surv. 40th Tar. iv. p. 443 (1877) ; Coues, B. Color. Vail. p. 419 (1878); id. Check-list N. Amer. B. p. 42 (1882); id. Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 323 (1884). Petrochelidon thalassina, Cass. Cat. Hirund. Philad. Mus. p. 5 (1853); Scl$8alv.Ibi8,im9v.lS', id. 8f Sato. P Z. S. 1864,p.l73. Tachycineta thalassinus, Salv. # Godm. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, I p. 233 (1883). Adult male. General colour ahoye dark green with a slight 120 HIHinN'DrN'IDJS. bronzy shade, becoming rather more bluish, green on the ramp and mixed with purple on the npper tail-coverts; on each side of the rump a white patch; scapulars green like the back ; wing-coverts black, the lesser and median series tipped with bluish green; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, externally glossed with deep indigo• tail-feathers also black with a bluish gloss ; crown of head bronzy green ; occiput and nape purple, with a concealed narrow collar of ashy round the hind neck, caused simply by the grey bases of the feathers• lores dusky; feathers over the eye extending down behind the latter, ear-coverts, cheeks, sides of face, and entire under surface of body silky white; under wing-coverts and axillaries smoky brown with whitish edgings, the coverts near the edge of the wing and the lower greater coverts darker; quills dusky brown below, rather more ashy on their inner edge -, " bill black; feet brownish black; iris brown ; mouth pale yellow" {Cones). Total length 4*5 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 4*3, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*45. After breeding the plumage gets much worn and the colours consequently duller, the throat and breast being particularly abraded and more ashy. As the purplish lustre disappears from the back, the latter becomes greener and the head more oily green, the last remains of purple being on the nape and hind neck. Advlt female. Distinguished from the male by the colour of the ear-coverts, which, with the spot behind the eye, are du b. $ ad. • c} d. "West side of Rocky J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.]. Juv. sk. Mountains. 3 . TACBTCTNETA. 121 *>/• <$ S ad. sk. g. $ ad. sk. A. j ad. sk. Vancouver Island, May 10 (A. Forrer). Colorado (J3T. JET. CWe). Fort Garland, Colorado, June 5 (J5T. TF. JBTeji- B. B. Sliarpo, Esq. [P.]. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. U.S. Nat. Museum , P.I. £ <£ ad. sk. Colorado Springs. ColoU. S. Nat. Museum fP.1. rado, May 31 (IT. 7F. A. J ad. sk. I Ad. sk. m. Ad. sk. Big Trees, California, Aug. (X. Belding). California. California. U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. Hugh Cuming, Esq. J. Gould, Esq. n. Pull.sk. o,p. £ 5 ad. sk. Fort Defiance, New Mexico, July (F. Fidgway). Presidio, near Mazatlan, March 4 (A. Forrer). U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], q. c? ad. sk. r1 s. Ad. sk. Puebla, Mexico, (A. Boucard). Mexico. March Gould Collection. Purchased. t. Ad. sk. Mexico (De Saussure). Sclater Collection. 7. Tachycineta cyaneoviridis. Hirundo cyaneoviridis, Bryant, Froe. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. p. Ill (1859); Baird, Fevietu Amer. B. p. 303 (1865); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 72, no. 850 (1869); Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 307; Cory, B. Bahama Isl. p. 79 (1880). Callichelidon cyaneoviridis, Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 297 (1865). Hirundo (Callichelidon) cyaneoviridis, Baird, Brewer,fyFidgic. Hist. N Amer. B. i. p. 337, note (1874). Adult male (Nassau, Bahamas, June 16, 1879 ; C. B. Cory). General colour above oil-green with a steel-bine gloss, the latter more pronounced on the lower rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts blackish, externally steel-blue or bluish green, the least series greener and more like the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally glossed with steel-blue, the secondaries rather brighter steel-blue, and green on their edges * tail much forked, the feathers black glossed with steel-blue; head and neck like the back, as also the sides of the crown and upper margin of the ear-coverts ; lores blackish, as also the feathers immediately below the eye; cheeks, ear-coverts, and entire under surface of body white, including the under wing-coverts and axiHaries; sides of upper breast like the back; quills dusky below: "bill and feet black" (Cory). Total length 5*9 inches, culm en 0*35, wing 4*6, tail 3, tarsus 0*45. Differs from T. ihalassinus by its strongly forked tail and larger size, in the absence of the white spot above the eye, and in the totally different colour of the upper parts, in which there is an absolute absence of any purplish shade. Young (Nassau; C. B. Cory). Brown above with a strong lustre of oily green, a little more pronounced on the back and wing- coverts ; head and upper tail-coverts more sooty brown, as also the upper margin of the ear-coverts* cheeks, ear-coverts, and under 122 Eimm>mn>M. surface of body white, with a patch of sooty brown on the sides of the upper breast. Total length 5-5 inches, culrnen 0-4, wing 3-95, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-45. (Mus. Scrtvin and Godman.) Hub. Bahama Islands. a. Ad. sk. Nassau, Bahamas (C. B. Cory). Sclater Collection. 4. PHEDINA. Type. Phedina, Bp. Rivist. Contemp., Torino, 1857, p. 4 P. borbomca. Head of Phedina borbonica, to show the nostrils. Range. Mauritius; Keunion; Madagascar. 1. Phedina borbonica. Hirondelle de l'isle de Bourbon, Daubent. PL Enl. vii. pi. 544. fig. 2. Wheat Swallow, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii.pt 2,p. 581 (1783, ex Daulient.). Hirundo borbomca, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1017 (1788, ex Daubent.); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 580 (1790); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 58 (1845) ; Schl. 8r Poll. Faune Madag., Ois. p. 08 (1808) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 71, no. 834 (1869). Cotyle borbonica, Bp. Oonsp. i. p. 342 (1850). Phedina borbonica, Bp. Rivist.'Contemp., Torino, 1857, p. 4; E.Newton, Rris, 1861, p. 271; Maill. Notes Reunion, p. 162 (1862) ; R. Newt. Ibis, 1802, p. 270, 1863, p. 340: Coquerel, Alb. Reim. 1805, pp. 19, 20, fig. 2; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 295; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 45 (1871); A. § E. Newt. Ibis, 1876, p. 284; Hartl Fog. Madag. p. 63 (1877). Adult. Above dark greyish brown, the centres of the feathers marked dowu the shaft with a narrow streak of black, very distinct on the rump ; wing-coverts dark blackish brown; quills black above, greyish underneath; tail blackish brown above, dark brown beneath, paler on the inner web; lores black; cheeks, sides of the neck and of the breast greyish brown, with darker shaft-stripes ; rest of the under surface of the body white, longitudinally striped with dark brown, the upper part of the breast and flanks somewhat greyish ; bill black; feet brown. Total length 5*4 inches, wing 4*65, tail 2. Hah. Islands of Mauritius and Keunion. a. c? ad. sk. Mauritius, June 18 (E. Sharpe Collection. Newton). b. Ad. sk. Mauritius. Sharpe Collection. c. d. S 2 ad- sk. Reunion. Purchased. 5 . HIEUOTO. 123 2. Phedina lnadagascariensis. Progne borbonica {nee Gin.), Cass. Cat. Hirund. Mus. Philad. Acad. p. 10 (1853). Pliedina madagascariensis, Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 27 (1861); Shar;*, P. Z.S. 1870, y. 295; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 46 (1871); id. P. Z. S. 1S75, p. 78; Hartl. Fog. Madag. p. 65 (1877). Pliedina sp., Boch 8c E. Newt. Ibis, 1802, p. 270; E. Neict. Bis, 1863, p. 340. Pliedina borbonica, var. madagascariensis, Grandid. in Milne- Edwards § Grandid. If. N. Madag., Ois. pis. 150,151. Adult. Above rather pale brownish grey, the shafts of all the feathers being distinctly marked; wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, the latter paler underneath; tail dark brown, somewhat lighter on the inner webs ; lores black; cheeks, sides of the neck, and breast greyish brown with darker shaft-stripes; rest of the under surface of the body white, with thin longitudinal stripes; the lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white, the shafts of the feathers only indicated by a narrow line of brown; sides of the breast and flanks greyish brown; bill black; feet dark brown. Total length 5-5 inches, wing 4-7, tail 2. Hah. Madagascar. a. Ad. sk. Noce Vola, Madagascar Sharps Collection. b. Ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. {A. Crossley). N. Madagascar. Madagascar. Mr. A. Crossley [0.1 Mr. A. Crossley [CJ. 5. HIRTJffDO. ^ Hirundo, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 343 (1766) H. rustics. Chelidon, Forster, Syn. Cat. Br. B. p. 55 (1817) H. rustics, Cecropis, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 971 H. capensis. Uromitrus, Bp. Rivist. Conteinp., Torino, 1857, p. 4 H. filifera. Heniieecrops, Bp. torn. cit. p. 4 H. dimidiata. Lillia, Boie, J.f. 0.1858, p. 364 H. rufula. Waldenia, >S7ia?ye, P.Z.S. 1869, p. 461 H. nigrita, 1 fe>> 1. Tail of H. rusfica,to show indentations on outer feathers. 2. Penultimate tail-feather. 3. Head ol H. rustica, to show nostrils. Range. Cosmopolitan. 124 HUnjJTBISlD^!. Key to the Species. a. Lower "back and rump blue. a'. Head blue; forehead rufous. a". Throat intense rufous. a"'. Larger j wing 4-5-4*8 inches: tail long in full-grown birds, and reaching beyond the tip of the wings; under tail-coverts rufuus or tinged with rufous rustica and allies, a. With a complete band of blue-black across ^pp. 120, 127. the fore neck, never broken through with the rufous of the throat. a. Underneath light rufous, or whitihh tinged with rufous rustica, p. 128. /3'. Underneath deep chestnut sacignii, p. 133. p. With no complete band across the fure neck, the rufous of the throat descending and separating the blue-black colour into a half-crescent on each side. y'. Under surface white or slightly tinged with rufous gutturalis, p. 134. b'. Under surface fawn-colour or cinnamon- rufous ; the throat darker chestnut .. erythrogastra, e'. Under surface deep rufous, almost as "p. 137. dark as the throat fytleri, p. 140. b"r. Smaller; wing 4* 15-4*2 inches: wing extending beyond the tips of tail; no band on the fore neck. a\ No white spots on the tail-feathers tahitica, p. 141. 64. Tail-feathers with white marks on the inner web. a5. Under tail-coverts smoky brown. a6. Spots on tail-feathers small and trans- j javanica, p. 142. verse | neoxena, p. 144. b6. Spots on tail-feathers very large and occupying nearly half of the inner web angoIenms7 p. 145. b5. Under tail-coverts white Iwcffla, p. 145. b". Throat white or pale buff (young). c'". Larger; wing 4*9 inches: with a distinct black prsepectoral collar albigidartSj p. 140. d"r. Smaller; with the prsepectoral collar interrupted in the centre (sthiopica, p. 146. b'. Entire head blue. e". Belly white. ef". Secondaries externally white kucosoma, p. 147. /'". Secondaries like the primaries dimidia£a7 p« 148. d". Belly blue like the back. g'". Smaller; wing 4*3 inches: a white patch on the throat nigritaf p. 148, h1''. Larger,* wing 4*5 inches: throat blue like the rest of the under surface atrocmruka, p. 140. e". Entire under surface chestnut; under tail- coverts purplish blue nigrorufa, p. 150. cr. Head rufous, forming a cap smitMi, p. 150. b. Bump dusky; head also dusky griseopyga, p. 152. 5 . HIETJNDO. 125 Rump rufous. d'. Head rufous. f". Larger; wing 5*1 inches: under surface narrowly streaked cucullata, p. 152. g". Smaller; wing 4*2 inches: under surf ace broadly- streaked puella, p. 154. e'. Head "blue like the back. h". With black shaft-streaks to the feathers of the under surface; these streaks sometimes nearly obsolete and hair-like, at other times coarse stripes. '". Ground-colour of under surface fulvescent or whitish. c4. Rump cinnamon-rufous, fading off into creamy-buff colour, which forms a contrasting cross band. a. Larger; wing 4*7-5 inches rufula, p. 156. j3. Smaller; wing 4*5 inches scullii, p. 158. d4. Rump uniform rufous, not shading off into paler creamy buff daurica and allies, a. Striations on underparts emphasized [pp. 158,150. and always distinguishable on breast as well as throat. a!. Striations on underparts very distinct and often coarse, extending over the whole of the lower parts. ,dmH m a". Stripes on rump nearly obsolete.. j nipalen^ m j8". Stripes on rump very distinct.... \Jf°ff> P- ^f p\ Striations on underparts veryfine and lsmoma>$' iDLscarcely distinguishable below the breast erythropygia, jS. Striations on underparts scarcely per- [p. 164. ceptible and only seen on the throat and chest. y'. Larger; wing 4*7 inches : below fulvescent or pale rufous-buff j under wing-coverts the same melanocrissa, dr. Smaller ; wing 4*4 inches: below silky [p. 165. white; under wing-coverts the same domicella, p. 165. Jc"\ Ground-colour of under surface of body deep chestnut. a. Larger; wing 4*95 inches: deep chestnut underneath, black shaft-streaks obsolete . badia, p. 166. /3. Smaller; wing 4*55 inches: black shaft- streaks on under surface distinct Jiyperythra, p. 167. i''. Under surface of body plain, without any shaft- streaks. /'". Smaller; wing less than 5-25 inches : throat rufous. a. Larger: darker rufous below, the under tail-coverts paler rufous or buff.... seinirufa, p. 167. j3. Smaller: lighter rufous below; under tail- coverts like abdomen gordoni, p. 168. m"\ Larger; wing 5-7 inches; throat whitish. [p. 168. e4. No white spots on the tail-feathers senegalensis, f: Distinct white spots on the tail-feathers.. monteiri, p. 160. d. Rump metallic green like the rest of the upper ieuchrysea„m suriace; below white j tdateri> p. 171. ' 126 WDdnmLIXIDJE. Hinrado rustica and its allies. The races of Chimney-Swallows are by no means easy to decipher, and they have been the subject of much discussion in ornithological works. I recognize five; and as the series in the British Museum is very large, illustrating the ranges of the Chimney-Swallows in a very complete manner, but few additional remarks will here be necessary. Mr. Dresser, in the c Birds of Europe,' does not distinguish the Eastern Chimney-Swallow (H. gutturalis) from if rustica, and says that the latter merges gradually into H. erythrogastra as it proceeds eastwards. I think that he cannot have examined a sufficiently large series of full-plumaged birds from China and Japan (the breeding-quarters of H. gutturalis), or I believe he would have recognized what a distinct race it really is. I say nothing about the probability of hybridization taking place between the various forms of H. rustica, for at present we have no positive evidence of such being the case ; but I would draw attention to the fact that although, in my opinion, H. savignii does not occur in Palestine, the examples of M. rustica from that country are permanently more rufous than those from any part of Europe, and this may be due to a strain of if. savignii from adjoining localities. They are, however, always to be distinguished even from young H. savignii, and are to be matched by specimens from different parts of Europe. The same difficulties attend the determination of the Swallows which winter in Burmah, where many specimens occur which are puzzling to the naturalist. They may be hybrids between the various races of H« rustica; and nothing but continued study by field-naturalists can solve these points in question. It seems to me that a case of hybridization between H, rustica and if. tyileri would result in offspring very difficult to distinguish from if. erythrogastra. More recently, in his < History of British Birds/ Mr. Seebohm has reviewed the question and recognizes five races. H. rustica, according to this author, has a wide summer range in Europe, extending to the Yalley of the Yenesay, but it is said to winter in Africa and in " Scinde and "West India." My experience is that it shares to a great extent the winter-quarters of the Eastern Chimney-Swallow, called by Mr. Seebohm H, rustiea var. gutturalis, and it is quite possible that it accompanies the latter occasionally back to its summer home. It will be seen from the specimens enumerated below that there are many places where both races occur together in winter and the Burmese countries appear to be the winter residence of at least four of the Chimney-Swallows—H« rustica^ M. gutturalis, H. erythrogastra, and H. tytleri. Unmistakable specimens of H. rustica occur in collections made still farther to the eastward than Burmah; and I have seen examples with a complete breast-band from China and the Molucca Islands, localities where one would expect the H.-gutturali$ form to reign 5. HIRTJITDO. 127 supreme. A curious fact is that there is never any difficulty in recognizing the birds from Japan as unmistakable E. gutturalis with the breast-band completely divided; and I have never seen an intermediate or doubtful specimen from the Japanese islands. A parallel case is known in the Blue Eock-Thrushes: the most typical specimens of Monticola solitaria occur in Japan; and it is not until China is reached that intermediate forms between it and M. eyanea are met with, the winter specimens from Burmah and the Moluccas being so thoroughly intermediate as to be accounted for only by the theory of hybridization of the two forms (ef. Seebohm. Cat. B. v. p. 318). A similar intermingling of the two races of Chimney-Swallow probably takes place likewise in the East; but I do not suppose that the examples of true E* rustiea killed in Europe in the spring of the year, when the breast-band is often mixed with rufous, show a strain of E. gutturalis, but that the admixture of rufous in the breast-band constitutes a sign of an older bird, at least one of the third year. Some European examples are quite as white on the breast as typical H. gutturalis, but can always be distinguished by the perfect breast-band. Speaking of E. rustiea var. horreorum, Mr. Seebohm says that it winters in Burmah, " where it has been re-named E.-tytleri? This is not strictly correct, for although specimens from Lake Baikal are identical with the North-American bird, and undoubted examples are in the British Museum from Burmah, yet they cannot be said to be identical with E. tytleri, which is a distinct race, leading on to E. savignii of Egypt, which it resembles in its deep chestnut under surface, while it retains the broken breast-band of the E.-gutturalis and E.-7iorreorum type. This dark form, H. tytleri, is represented by full-plumaged males from Irkutsk in the British Museum, as well as from Kamtschatka, while in 1he Salvin-and-G-odman collection are unmistakable examples from Guatemala and Peru. Thus the range of E. tyileri is extended far to the north and west of its originally recorded habitat. Mr. Seebohm next alludes to the Egyptian Swallow as E. rustiea, var. cdhirica, of which he gives the habitat as Egypt and Palestine, and says that it is " probably only subspecifically distinct, as intermediate forms frequently occur in Europe." I myself have never recognized them, although I have examined not only the large series in the British Museum, but those in the collections of Mr. Seebohm himself, Canon Tristram, Mr. Dresser, Capt. Wardlaw Ramsay, and Capt. Shelley. E. savignii, as it should be called, is a permanently chestnut-breasted form with a complete breast-band, and is, in my opinion, confined strictly to Egypt and Nubia. All the supposed examples of this species collected by Canon Tristram in Palestine are adult H". rustiea, and I have examined many of them. They can be matched by birds killed in England. "When Mr. Seebohm speaks of E. rustiea, var. frontalis, he means E. neoooena of Gould, the true E. frontalis^ of Quoy and Gaimard being from New Guinea and the same as E. javanica of Sparrman, as has been pointed out by Count Salvador! (Orn. Papuasia, etc. ii. p. 4). HIROTDESID-E. 1. Hinindo rustica. L'Hirondelle de Chemin^e, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 486 (1760); Daubent. PI Enl. vii. pi. 543. fig. 1 ; Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 591, pi. 25. %. 1 (1779). Hirundo rustica, Linn. Syst Nat. i. p. 343 (1766) ; Temm. Man. cTOrn. I p. 427 (1820) ^ J2owar, 0» . iVore/z?. pi. 141 (1825); Werner, Atlas, Chelidones, pi. 1 (1827); Menetr. Cat. rais. Cauc. p. 45 (1832); Nairn. Vdg. Deutschl. vi. pi. 145. fig. 1 (1833); Gould, B. Bur. ii. pi. 54 (1837); Schl $. Susein. Vdg. Bur. vi. Taf. 2. fisr. 1 (1839); Macgill. Brit. B. iii. p. 558 (1840; ; -foys. a. Bias. Wu-b. Eur. p. 196 (1840) ; Nordm. inBemid. Voy. Buss. Merid. iii. p. 201 (1840) ; Yarrell, Brit. B. ii. p. 213 (1843) ; Mudgs. Icon, itied. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 8 (no. 331J; id. in Grays Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 57 (1845); id. Cat Fissir. Brit Mm. p. 22 (1848); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus^As. Soc. p. 197 (1849, pt.): Thompson, N. PC. Pel. p. 374 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 33b (IfeoO); Cab. Mus. Mem. Th. i. p. 46 (1850) ; Kjcerb. Banm. Fugle, pi. 14. fig. 4 (1852); Schl Vog. Nederl pi. 57 (1854;; Mors/. #• Moore, Cat B. E.L Co. Mm. i. p. 91 (1854, pt.); Meicits. Eggs Brit B. i p. 257, pi. 65. figs. 3, 4 (1856); Sundev. JSv. FogL pi. 17. fig. 5 (c. 1856) ; Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 35 (1858); Jaub. ei Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 307 (1859); Salv. Ibis, lc50,p. 334; Binder m. Vog* Gnechenl. p. 117 (1860) ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl., Anliaupr, aiii.Taf. 383. fig. 2 (1860); Schl Bier. Kederl Voq.jA. 0. fcr. 4 (1M>1); Marti J.f. 0. 1861, p. 103; Jerd. B. 2nd. I p. 157 (1%*2) ; Gray, Cat. Brit B. p. 33 (18(33) ; Filippi, Viagg. I^rs. p. 340 (1865); Bettoni, Ucc. Nidif. Lamb. ii. tav. 30 (1^05-70;; Begl et Gerbe, Orn. Bur. i. p. 587 (1867); Loclie, Bupl Sci. Alger., Ois. ii p. 64 (1867); Borggr. Vogelf. Norddeufsihl p. 100 (1869); Bodrrl Avif. Skil p. 143 (1869) ; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 68, no. 7fc6 (1869); Keid. Onze Vogels, pi. 10 (lbti9) ; Meugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 150 (1869); Godman, Azores, p. 341 (ld70]; Godur.-Ausi. X A. S. Beng. xxxix. p. 94 (1870); Fritsch, Vdg. Bur. Taf. 2. fig. 4 (1870) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 305 ; id. $f Dresser, L Zuol. Abyss. p. 347 (1870) ; Finsch 8? MaHl Vdg. Osfe/>?p. 134 (1870}; P. Gray, B. W. Scotl p. 205 (1871) ; Jerd. Ibis, 1&71, p. 351; Salvad. Faun. Ital, Ucc. p. 51 (1871); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. 3. p. 45 (1871); Karting, Mandb. Br. B. p. 35 (1872); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 418; Gumey, in Anderss. B, Bam. Ld. p. 50 (1872) ; Shelley, B. Egypt, 1872, p. 120 ; Godm. Ibis, 1872, p. 61; Antin. <|-Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 72 (1873); Meugl Orn. NO.-Afr. iy. App. p. ly (1873); Mume fy Menders. Lahore to Turk. p. 170 (1873;; Severtz. Turkest. Jewtn. p. 67 (1873); Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. 5 (1673; ; Mume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 72 (1873); id. Str. F, 1873, p. 164; Adam, t. c. p. 370; Mume, Str. F. 1874, p. 155; Saxby. B. Shetl p. 147 (1874); Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche, p. 9 (1875;; Peichen. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 21; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 67; Newton, t. e. p. 272; Bresser, B. Eur. iii. p. 477, pi. 160. fig. 1 (1875) ; Blyth fy Wald. B. Burm.y. 126 (1875) ; Marting, Summer Migr. p. 170 (1875); Irby, R Gibr. p. 103 (1875); Fallon, Ois, Belg. p. 123 (1875); Mume, Str. F. 1875, p. 451 (pt.) ; Butter, I c; Brooks, t. c. p. 230; Brooks, Sir. F. 1876, p. 254; Sharpe fy Bouv. Bull Soc. Zool France, i. p. 37 (1876) ; Ayres, Ibis, 1876, p. 424; Barratt, t c. p. 202 ; Blanf. East Pers. ii. p. 215 (1876); Fimch. Ibis, 1877, pp. 50, 57; Bamdson Sf Wend. Str. F. 1878, yol. ii. p. 76; Ball, t. c. p. 202; Legge, B. Ceylon,?.587 (1879); Fischer 5 . HIRUNDO. 129 SfEeichen. J. /. 0. 1879, p. 344; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 10; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 84; Bogd. B. Cam. p. 11/5 (1879) ; 2totf\ Ad. sk. x'-a". Ad. sk. j3"-f". Juv. sk. rj". J ad. sk. 6". Ad. sk. i"-X". Imm. sk. p". Ad.; z>". Juv. sk. £", o". Imm. sk. TT", p", /-iWr.-»\ _. _. ion /IO-T\. oz,.,..^„ n;~ iQ-a „ 7 Str. Linn. SGC, Zool. xiii. p. P. Z. 6'. 1877, p. 760, & 1878, pp. 109, 342, 015, 709; Sahad. Ami. Mus. Civic. Genov. xiv. pp. 492, 647 (1877); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 95; Mmne fy Damson, Str. F. Ib78,p. 43 ; Ramsay, Proa. Linn. Soc. N S. W. iii. p. 275 (1879), iv. p. &i (1879); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 128 ; Mmne, Str. F. 1879, pp. 47, b4: Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 344; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 597; Mume, Str. F. 1**0, p. 120; Salvad. Beport Voy. i Challenger* ii. Birds, p. 78 (Ife^l); Davison, Str. F. 1883, p. 345. Javan Swallow, Lath. Gen. Sijn. SuppL ii. p. 259 (1801). Hinmdo frontalis, Quoy et Gaim. Toy. de PAsfrol Zool i. p. 2043 pi. 12. fig. 1 (1830) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 57 (1845) ^ to I Jmim. Linn. Soc., Zool ii. p. 155 (1858) ; Gray, P. Z. S. 185% p. 1KI, 1859, p. 154; id. Cat.Manmi. etc. X. Gum. pp. 1% 54 11^9) ; «Vf. P.Z.S. 1861, p. 433; Finsch, Neu-Guiyiea, p. 162 (IKw, ptJ; 6rr«y, Mayid-l B. i. p. 70, no. 812 (1&U9, pt.); Bamsay, Proe. Linn. Soc. N & If. ii. p. 179 (1878). Herse frontalis, Less. CompL Buff. viii. p. 497 (1837). Herse javanica, Less. t. c. p. 497 (lb37). Cecropis javanica, Bote, Isis, 1844, p. 174. Cecropis frontalis, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 174. Hinmdo domicola, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xiii. p. 173 (1844); Bh/tk, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 198 (1849); Kelaart^ Prodr. Cat. p. 118 (1852); Layard, Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Mist xii p. 170 (le>53); Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 204; Morsf. fy Moore, Cat B. E.L Co. Mus. i. p. 384 (1854); Jerd. B. Inch i. p. 158 (1862); Set P. Z. *V. 1863, p. 217; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 330; Bulger, P. Z. S. Ib06, p. 568; Gray, Mand4. B. i. p. 70, no. 814 (lbt»9); Moldsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 418; Shoes, Ibis, 1870, p. 527; Jerd. Ibis, lb71, p. 351. Hinmdo pacifica, Moil fy Dilho. N. M. Labuan, p. 10 (1855). Hinmdo neoxena (non Gould), Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 189,1861. p. 433; Bosenb. N. T. D. Nederl Ind. XXY. p. 234 (1863). Hypurolepis domicola, Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 32 (1«6^); Mmne. Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 73 (1873) ; id. Str. F 1874, p. 155. Hypurolepis javanica, Oates,B.Br. Burm. i. p. 308 (1883). Hinmdo fretensis, Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 170 (1878, nee Gould). Adult female. General colour above dull steel-blue, mottled with white bases to the plumes of the hind neck; wing-coverts black, edged with dull steel-blue; primary-coverts and quills black; upper tail-coverts like the back; tail-feathers black, slightly glossed with steel-blue, all but the two centre feathers with an ovate spot of white on the inner web; crown of the head dull steel-blue like 5. HIRUKDO. 143 the back ; a broad frontal band of brick-red; lores black, as also the feathers round the eye; ear-coverts brick-red like the sides of the face, but blue along the upper edge; cheeks, throat, and fore neck brick-red; sides of the neck dull steel-blue ; breast dull ashy brownish, with dusky shaft-streaks, the sides of the upper breast with a dull blue patch like the sides of the neck; abdomen a little paler ashy ; sides of the body and flanks dull smoky brown; thighs smoky brown, tipped with ashy; under tail-coverts smoky brown, margined conspicuously with rufous, before which is a bluish-black shade, broader on the longer tail-feathers and producing there a strongly marked appearance; under wing-coverts and axillaries smoky brown with slight tips of rufous; quills below dusky brown, inner edges rather more smoky brown. Total length 5*1 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 4*15, tail 2*15, tarsus 0*35. Obs. Specimens from Travancore are much duller underneath than any other birds yet examined, and those from South-eastern New Guinea and Torres Straits are the palest below, being white on the centre of the abdomen. At first sight they would appear to be a different race, but light-bellied examples are found in Borneo and other localities, though they are never so white on the belly as specimens from the Astrolabe Mountains or Torres Straits. Hob. Southern India and Ceylon ; Malayan peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Southern Philippine Islands, Moluccas; New Guinea and adjacent islands, as well as the islands in Torres Straits. Replaced by H. tcdtensis in the Solomon Islands and New Britain. a. Ad.; b. Juv. sk. Ceylon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. c. Ad. sk. Ceylon, Nov. 23 (Legge). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. d. Ad. sk. India (Jerdon). Gould Collection. e,/.tf $ ad. sk. Mynall, Travancore, Oct. F. W. Bourdillon, Esq. 19. [C.]. (j, $ ad. sk. Ootacamund, Nilghiris, "W. Davison, Esq. [P.]. Feb. 1. h. Ad. sk. Coonoor, Nilghiris, April 2. W. Davison, Esq. [P.], i Ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Staekhouse Pin- will [P.]. h, I. Imm. sk. Malacca {Cantor), India Museum. India Museum. m, n, o. Ad. sk. Penang (Cantor). Penang. E. "W. Oates, Esq. p. Ad. sk. q. Ad. sk. Pulo Penang. M. Verreaux. A. R. Wallace, Esq.rO.]. r. Ad. sk. Sumatra. s. J ad. sk. "West Java. A. R.Wallace, Esq JO.]. Leiden Museum [P.J. t Ad. sk. Java. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.]. u. Ad. sk. Labuan. Governor Ussher [C.j. v. Imm. sk. Labuan. Harry Veitch, Esq. [P.], w. Ad.sk. LawasKiver (Burbidge). Gould Collection. x. Ad. sk. Sarawak (Everett), A.R.Wallace,Esq.[0.1 y. $ ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. z. S ad. sk. Lombock. Gould Collection. a'. $ ad. sk. Lomboek (Wallace). A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.]. V. Ad. sk. E. Timor. Gould Collection. c'. Ad. sk. Batchian. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.J. d'- Ad. sk. Celebes. 144 HIBtraDINHL&. e'. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. JR. Wallace, Esq.f"0."L / . $ ad.sk. g'. $ ad. sk. Bourou. DobTbo, Aru Islands. A. R.Wallace, Esq. ("CJ. Toy. H.M.S. • Challenger.' h\ 3 ad. sk. ir . Ad. sk. W. Ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. Port Moresby (Stone). Astrolabe Mountains, S.E. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. TCI. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.J. Mr. A. G-oldie [C.]. V. <$ ad. sk. «W . Ad.sk Kedscar Islands, off S.E. coast of New Guinea. Torres Straits (Cockerell). J. MacgiHivray, Esq. [C.J. F. D." Godman. and 0. Salvin, Esqrs. [P.]. 4. ffirirMo neoxena. Hirundo javanica (nee Sparrm.), Vic/, 8r Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 191 (1827); J. JE. Gray in Griffith's An.Kiagch ii. p. 95 (ld29). Hirundo pacrhca (nee Lath.), J. E. Gray in Griffith's An. Kinyd. ii. pi. to p. 96 (1829). Hirundo neoxena, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. LSI; id. B. Austr. foL ii. pi. 13 (1848;; Blyth, Cat B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 198 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 338 (1850); Cab. Mm. Hem. Th. i. p. 40 (1850); IHggles, Orn. Austr. pi. 22. fig. 1 (1870). Hirundo frontalis (nee Q. § G.)f Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit, Mies, p. 22 (1848); Cass. Cat. Hirtmd. Philad. Mas. p. 2 (l*so3); Gouldf Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 107 (1805); Jta?nmyt Ibis, I8i)8f p. 275; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 70, no. 812 (1869, pt.); Bamsai/, Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 179 (1878). Hirundo rustica, var. frontalis, Seebohm, Mist, Brit. B. ii. p. 172 (1883). Adult male. General colour above glossy bine, the mantle slightly varied with greyish-white bases to the feathers; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary- coverts, and quills blackish brown, externally washed with steel-blue, more distinct on the inner secondaries; tail-feathers blackish, slightly glossed with green, the two centre feathers and the outermost on each side without any spots, the others with a small rounded spot of white on the inner web; frontal band deep brick-red, extending from above each eye; lores dusky blackish; ear-coverts glossy blue like the back; cheeks and throat brick-red ; remainder of under surface of body mouse-brown from the fore neck downwards; the lower abdomen inclining slightly to ashy whitish; under tail-coverts pale smoky brown with dull whitish edgings and tips, with a heart-shaped subterminal spot of black; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale smoky brown, all edged with pale rufous ; quHLs dusky brown below: "bill and legs black; iris dark brown" (Gould). Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 4*25, tail 2*75, tarsus 0-35. Obs. The description is taken from a specimen of Strange's in the Gould Collection. It agrees with two skins in Mr. Seebohnfs cabinet from New South Wales, with the exception that the latter have an oblique mark of white on the outer tail-feathers, very indistinct and ill-defined in one example and very strongly marked in the other. 5 . HIETJNDO. 145 Hah. Nearly the whole of Australia. Tasmania. a. $ ad. sk. Australia {Strange). Gould Collection. b, c. Ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.]. d, e. Ad. sk. Australia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. / . Juv. sk. Tasmania. Eonald Gunn, Esq. [P.J. 5. Hirundo angolensis. Hirundo angolensis, Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1868, p. 47; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 567, pi. xliii.; Socage, Jorn. Lisb. 1809, p. 339; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 307 ; id. Cat Afr. B. p. 46 (1871) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 180 (1881); Sharpe, ed. Laijard's B. S. Afr. p. 564 (1883). Adult. Forehead, throat, and upper part of the breast deep brick- red, entire upper surface rich steel-blue, having a greenish lustre in some lights; tail gradually forked, the two middle feathers steel- blue, the whole of the inner web white, except a black border at the tip; a narrow interrupted band across the breast, below the red throat, steel-blue; rest of the breast and under tail-coverts ashcoloured, a little paler in the centre of the breast; the under tail- coverts washed with rufous, each feather margined with pale grey, and having a little heart-shaped blue mark before the end of the feather, the black shaft being also strongly defined; under wing- coverts dark ashy grey, washed on the edge of the wing with steel- blue ; beak and legs black. Total length 5*7 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4*7, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*45. Hal. Angola. a. 3 ad. sk. Pungo-Andongo, Nov. Sharpe Collection. 1869 (AnrMeta). b. Ad. sk. Arabriz, March 5,1869 Sharpe Collection. (J. J. Monteiro). c. Ad. sk. Ambriz. J.J.Monteiro,Esq.[C], 6. Hirundo lucida. Hirundo lucida, J. Verr. J. f. 0.1858, p. 42; Earth J.f. 0.1861, p. 103; Grav, Eand-l B. i. p. 68, no. 792 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 567; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 308; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 46 (1871); Bouv. Cat Ois. etc. Marche, p. 9 (1875). Adult. Above most brilliant steel-blue, inclining to indigo; wing- coverts dark blackish brown, glossed with steel-blue above, the innermost cubital feathers with a white spot on the inner web; tail deep steel-blue, all the feathers except the two middle ones for the most part pure white on the inner web, so that the tips and the part immediately edging the graduated extremity of the feather are black; a distinct though narrow frontlet and the entire throat deep brick- red ; a band across the breast, below the red throat, bright steel- blue, broad at the sides and narrow in the centre of the breast; rest of the under surface of the body pure white, with a few dusky feathers on the flanks, and marked with narrow blue lines, more VOL. x. *» 146 HIRTJM)IOT:DJS. distinct in some specimens than in others; bill and feet black. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4*25, tail 2*9, tarsus 0*4. Sab. Senegambia. a, b, c. Ad.; d. Juv. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Collection. 7. Hirundo alMgnlaris. Hirundo rufifrons (non VieilL), Zess. TraiU cTOm. p. 203 (1831),* Grill, Zool. Antechn. p. 34 (1858). Hirundo alhigularis, Strichl. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 17, pi. 15; Cass, Cat. Hirund. Mus. Bhilad. Acad. p. 2 (1653); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 308; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 40 (1871 J; Ay res. Ibis, 1573, p. 281; Fischer <§• Reichen.w, J.f.O. 1871), p. 344; Borage, Orn. Angola, p. 185 (1881); Butler, Feilden,fyReid, Zool. 1^2, p. 251 ; Salvin, Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 150 (1882j ; Sharpe, ed. Layar£s B. S. Afr. p. 364 (1882). Hirundo albigula, Bp. Consp. i. p. 338 (1650); Gumey, Ibi% 1605, p. 264; Bayard, B. S. Afr. p. 55 (1607); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 68, no. 787 (1869) • Ay res, Ibis, 1876, p. 424, 187s, p. 235, 16c0, p. 200. Adult. Above deep purplish blue; quills blackish brown, with a faint gloss on the upper surface; the innermost cubital feathers marked on the interior web with a greyish-white spot; tail blackish brown, the two centre feathers unspotted, but all the others marked on the inner web with a large patch of white; forehead deep chestnut; space between the bill and the eye and ear-coverts dusky black; throat, cheeks, and sides of the neck white; below the throat a broad band of purplish-blue feathers, broad at the sides and narrow in the centre of the breast; the rest of the under surface of the body dull white, greyish on the flanks; bill black; feet dark brown. Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 4*9, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*45. Sab. South Africa, from the Cape Colony to Natal and the Transvaal. A young specimen is said to have been obtained by Br. Eiseher in Eastern Africa; and it has been sent from Angola to the Lisbon Museum. a. Ad, sk. South Africa (Bayard). Sharpe Collection. b. $ ad. sk. c. $ ad. sk. d. Ad. sk. e. (S ad. sk. Knysna, JaJ3..2£(Andersson). Natal (T, Ayres). Natal. Transvaal (T. Ayres), Sharpe Collection. J. H. Gumey, Esq. Sharpe Collection. Sharpe Collection. 8. Hiriui&o aetHopica. Hirundo rufifrons (no7i F.), Des Murs in Lefebtr. Toy. Abyss.. Zool. p. 78 (1845); Meugl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 420, 1863, p. 168; Hartm. J.f O. 1864, p. 152. Cecropis rufifrons (non V.), Vierth. Nawn. 1853. p. 20: Brehm, J.f.O. 1853, p. 453, Extrah. p. 96; SmgL Syst. Uebers. p. 16; Vierth. Mum. 1857, p. 110; Brehm, Bets. Habe&ch, p. 200 (1863). Hirundo albigularis (nee Strichl.). Meugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. B. 153 (1869). J l 5 . HIRUNDO. 147 Hirundo sethiopica, Blanf. Ann.fy Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 329 (1800); Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 401, no. 794a (1809); Blanf. Geol. $ Zool. Abyss, p. 347, pi. 2 (1870); Sharpe, P. Z. S.1870, p. 309 ; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 40, no. 432 (1871); Antin. $ Saload. Viaqg. Bor/os, p. 72 (1873)5 Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 223; Fischer <$• Reichen. i c. p. 257; iid. op. cit. 1879, p. 344; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 547. Adult. Above purplish blue; forehead deep chestnut; lores sooty black; cheeks dull black, slightly glossed with purplish blue; quills brownish black, paler on the under surface, the upper surface glossed with dark greenish steel-blue; the inner cubital feathers marked with a whitish spot on the inner web: tail blackish brown above, glossed with dark greenish steel-blue, all but the two central feathers having an oblong white spot on the inner web ; under surface pearly white, with a crescent-shaped mark of purplish-blue feathers on each side of the upper part of the breast, not forming a complete band; under tail-coverts white, some of the shafts conspicuously indicated, and a small black spot on the outer web of some of the longest; bill black ; feet dark brown. Total length 5 inches, wing 4*1, tail 2m5. Hah. N.E. Africa, extending down the east coast as .far as Mombas, re-occurring on the west coast between Senegambia and the Niger. a. $ ad. sk. b. Ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. d. Ad. sk. e. k r? ad. sk. Barakit, TigrS, May 1868. Bogos Land (Bsler). White Nile (Brun-Rollef). Khartoom ( Von Mutter). Mombasa Island. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [0.]. (Type of species.) Sharpe Collection. Sharpe Collection. Sharpe Collection. Mr. J. M. Hildebrandt g. Ad. sk. h. d ad. sk. i. Juv. sk. k. Ad. sk. Lokoja, R. Niger. Shonga, R. Niger. Abeokuta (Robin). River Gambia {Layard). [C.]. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P. W. A. Forbes, Esq. "P. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P. Sharpe Collection. 9. Hirundo leucosoma. Hirundo leucosoma, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 74 (1837); Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 51; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 58 (1845) • id. Cat Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 24 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 339 (1850); Earth J. f. 0.1853, p. 398; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 27; id. J. f. 0. 1801, p. 103 : Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 188; &ray, Mand-l. B. i. p. 70, no. 827 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 309 ; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 46 (1871) ; Shelley $ Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 288; TJssher, Ibis, 1874, p. 62. Chelidon leucosoma, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 171. Hemicecrops leucosoma, Bp. Rivist. Contemp., Torino, 1857, p. 4. Adult. Above dark glossy blue; a white longitudinal bar on the win<*, which is produced by the inner secondaries being for the most partbroadly edged externally with pure white; tail graduated, dark blue above, dusky beneath, all the feathers except the two middle ones marked with white on the inner web, the exterior feathers having a large oval spot, which gradually gets smaller on the feathers L 2i 148 msuKmsTDm. as they approacli the centre of the tail, until in the two next to the central feathers it is reduced to a small oval spot; entire under surface with the under wing- arid tail-coverts pure white; bill and feet black. Total length 4*8 inches; of bill from front 0-3, from gape 0-45; wing 4, tail 1*8, tarsus 0-3, middle toe 0*4, hind toe 0*2, lateral toe 0*2. Hob. "West Africa. a. Ad. sk. West Africa. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. I. Ad. sk. Pantee. Sliarpe Collection. c. Ad. sk. Pantee ( Ussher). Sliarpe Collection. d. Ad. sk. Accra. Sliarpe Collection. 10. Hiraa&o dimidiata. Hirundo dimidiata, Sundev. QSfv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. 1650, p. 107; Marti. Ibis, 1862, p. 144; 'Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 56 (1807); id. Ibis, 1869, p. 72 • Gray, Eand-l. B. i. p. 71, no. 832 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 310,- id. Cat Afr. B. p. 46, no. 434 (1571); Gurney in Anderss. B. JDa?n. Ld. p! 62 (1872)• Ai/res, Ibis, 1^78, p. 285, 1879, p. 291; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 250; ' Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. p. 36G (lb83); Ayres, Ibis, le-4, p. 227. Hirundo seapularis, Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. pi. 12 (1650J; id. Cat Mrund. Mus. Philad. Acad. p. 2 (ls53). Hemicecrops dimidiata, Bp. Bivist. Conte?np., Torino, 1857, p. 4. Hemicecrops seapularis, Bp. t c. p. 4. Hirundo leucosoma (nee Sw.), Grill, Zool. Anfeclm. p. 30 (1858). Adult Above purplish blue; quills brownish black, grey on the inner web, the innermost of the greater wing-coverts white, forming a white spot, which, however, is generally concealed by the scapularies; occasionally in very old birds a small white spot also appears on the innermost secondaries; tail brownish black, without any spots, glossed on the upper surface with dark blue, with a faint greenish lustre; entire under surface silky white, having in some specimens a certain woolly appearance, greyish in certain lights; on each side of the upper part of the breast a patch of dark-blue feathers : " bill and feet black; iris dark brown37 (Andersson). Total length 5-5 inches, wing 4*2, tail 2-6, tarsus 0*4. Young. Not nearly so bright above, and more distinctly tinged with greenish; the white spot on the greater wing-coverts either absent altogether, or, when present, of a- dull greyish colour and very little developed. Hob. South Africa. a. $ ad. sk. South Africa (Andersson). Sharpe Collection. b. Ad. • c. Juv. sk. South Africa (Surtees). Sharpe Collection. d. Ad. sk. Near G-rahamstown (Layard). Sharpe Collection. 11. Hinindo nigrita. Hirundo nigrita, Gray, Gen. B. i. pi. 40 (1845) ; id. Cat Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 27 (1848); AUen <§• Thorns. JBxped. Niger, ii. p. 498 (1848); Cass. Cat. mrund. Mus. Philad. Acad. p. 3 (1853) ; Hartl J.f O. 1855, p. 360; Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 33; Du 5 . HIKTJNDO. 149 Chailh, Squab. Afr. p. 472 (18G2): Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 71, no. 829 (1869). * Atticora nigrita, Bp. Consp. i. p. 337 (1853) : Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 25 (1857). Waldenia nigrita, Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 461; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 304 j id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 45 (1871); Reichen. J.f. 0.1875, p. 21; Sharpe §* Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. Prance, i. p. 38 (1876) ; B'ocage, Om. Angola, p. 188 (1877) ; Oust. JSfouv. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 96 (1879). Ptyoprogne nigrita, Oust Bull. Soc. JPhibm. (7) i. p. 106 (1877). Atticora fasciata, Forbes, Ibis, 1883, p. 503. Adult. Above glossy purplish blue, with a concealed patch of silky white on the sides of the lower back; chin dusky; throat white; rest of under surface of body purplish blue, but a little duller than the back; tail-feathers distinctly washed with dark blue above, brownish black below, with the greater part of the inner web white: "bill and feet black; iris dark brown" (Reichenow). Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4*3, tail 1*6, tarsus 0*35, middle toe 04, hind toe 0*2. Young. Dusky purplish blue, the white throat-spot not quite so large; tail square or only slightly forked, and the white spots on the inner web small and oval. Bab. West Africa, from the Upper Gold Coast to Gaboon. a, &, c. Ad, sk. Ancobra River, Wasa ProOapt. Burton and Capt. vince, Gold Coast. ., , Cameron [P.]. d. Ad. sk. River Prak. v Godfrey Lagden, Esq. [P.]. e. Ad. sk. Axim (Swanzy). J". Li\ Ingstone Expedition. Juv. sk. JEW-AJ). *', k'j V. Ad. sk. Landana, Congo (Z.Petit). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. ^P.]. 15. Hintaido griseopyga. Hirundo griseopyga, Simdev. (Efi\ K. Vef.-Ahad. Fork. Stockh 1850, p. 107; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. do (1807); Sfor/w?, P. Z. 6'. 1-70, p. 313; etf. *d. Layartfs B. 8. Afr. p. 30& (1&&2|. Atticora melbina, J". Verr. Rev. et"Mag.de Zooi. lboh p. 310; SfriekL Contr, Orn. 1851, p. 1(53; Cass. Cfctf. Hiriaid. Mus. Phiiad. Acad. p. fj (1853); .fiflrf. J. / . O. 1858, p. 39- ; id. Ova. W.-Afr. p. 27> (1857); Cass. Proc. Phiiad. Acad. 1-59, p. 33; JSfort/. J"./. O, 1861, p. 103; Forbes, Ibis, 1883. p. 514. Hirundo melbina, Striekl. Contr. Orn. Ibol, p. 131. Atticora cypseloides, Heugl J.f.O. 1862, p. 297, 1804, p. 270. Atticora griseopyga, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 149, tab* %ii. (1809) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 428. Hirundo cypseloides, Boucard, Cat. Av. p. 334 (1670). Psalidoprocne melbina, Bouvier, Cat. Ois. etc. Marche, p. 9 (1875). Hirundo poucbeti, Petit, Bull. Soc. ZooL France, viii. p. xliii (1883). Adult. Entire bead, lower part of back, and ramp dull brownish grey; middle of the back and wing-coverts dark blue; quills brownish black glossed with dull blue* tail dull brown, glossed above with blue; lores black; a narrow line of feathers extending backwards over the eye whitish; cheeks and ear-coverts dull grey- brown ; under surface of the body milky white, the sides of the upper part of the breast being greyish brown; bill and feet pale brown. Total length 5-8 inches, of wing 3-9, tail 3*3. Hah. North-eastern Africa; West Africa, in Gaboon; South Africa, in Natal and Swazi-Land. a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. P. B. Du Chaillu, Efcq. [QT. b. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Du Chaillu). Sharpe Collection. "* c. Ad. sk Mayumba, Congo, Aug. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. fP.l (£. Petit). * L J 16. Hirundo cucullata. Hirondelle a tete rousse du Cap de Bonne Esp€rance, JDmtbmt PI 3rd. 723.fig. 2. Hirundo cucullata, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Bid. p. 45 (1783, ex DatSent) * Gray, Gen. B. I p. 58 (1845); id. Cat Fissir. Brit Mm. p. 23 (1848); Jard. Fdlnb. New Phiios. Joiirn. n. ser. iii. p. 241 (1850) • Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 69, no. 795 (1809),-Heugl Om NO 5 . HIKTODO. 153 Aft. i. p. 162 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S.1870, p. 318 ; id. Cut Afr. B. p. 46 (1871) ; Gurney, in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 50 (1872); Ayres, Ibis, 1873, p. 281; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 67; Ayres, Ibis, 1876, p. 424; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 183 (1881); Sharpe, in Oates's Matahele Land, App. p. 311 (1881) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 260; Salmi, Cat StricH. Coll. p. 149 (1882); Butler, Feilden, $ Reid, Zool. 1882, p. 251; Holub $ Von Pelz. Beitr. Orn. Sildafr. p. 53 (1882); Sharpe, ed. LayardJs B. 8. Afr. p. 370 (1882). Hirundo capensis, Gm. Syst Nat. i. p. 1019 (1788, ex Daubent); Bp. Comjp. i. p. 339 (1850); Grill, Zool Anteehn. p. 34 (1858); Zayard, B. 8. Afr. p. 54 (1867); Bowge, Jorn. Lisb. 1868, p. 47. Cecropis capensis, Boie, Isis. 1826, p. 971, 1844, p. 174; Cab. Mus. Hein. Tk i. p. 47 (1850). Hirundo rufula P, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 198 (1849). Cecropis cucullata, Cass. Cat. Mrund. Mus. Philad. Acad. p. 3 (1853). Liliia capensis, Boie, Isis, 1858, p. 364, Adult Head intense sienna, the base of the feathers blue-black, showing occasionally a few markings of this colour on the crown ; upper part of the back and scapulars glossy purplish blue, marked with white in the extreme upper part of the neck, this appearance being caused by the whitish edging to the feathers when they are disarranged; wing-coverts like the back, the edge of the wing marked with white, especially on the primary-coverts, all of which are edged with white ; quills brownish black, lighter on the inner web, washed externally with dark greenish steel-blue; lower part of the back pale sienna, much paler on the upper tail-coverts, where it is nearly white, the outermost upper tail-coverts being steel-blue ; tail brownish black, glossed with dark greenish steel-blue, the middle feathers without any white spot on the inner web, the next two on each side with a small white spot on the inner web, and so on till the last, which has a very large white spot; under surface of body fulvous white, the shaft of each feather strongly marked with brown, these shaft-stripes being very small on the throat and cheeks; the sides of the body washed with pale sienna; under tail- coverts white, with very distinct shaft-stripes: " bill black; feet brown; iris brown " (SJielley). Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 5*1, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*6. Young. Head dark brownish sienna, very pale on the sides of the neck, the base of the feathers conspicuously showing, so that a quantity of blue-black diamond-shaped marks appear on the head; back and scapulars steel-blue, with the white edgings to the feathers showing conspicuously on the upper part of the back; wing- coverts blackish brown, edged at the tip with pale sienna; quills blackish brown, glossed with deep greenish steel-blue, the secondaries tipped with pale sienna; rump pale sienna, the white edging to the rump not very distinct, the shafts of all the feathers clearly denned; the blue upper tail-coverts edged with sienna; tail blackish brown, glossed above with deep greenish steel-blue, the outer feathers not very long, but having the white spot on the inner web very large, as in the adult, decreasing in size as it approaches the two centre feathers, which are unspotted; under surface of the 154: m.~RTjm)i$iDM. body white tinged with fulvous, deepest on the flanks and abdomen ; the shafts of the feathers very broad and plain, but thicker and not giving sneh a striped appearance in the adult; bill dark brown; legs flesh-colour. Hab. South Africa, throughout the Cape Colony to Natal and the Transvaal, occurring on the western side of the continent in Damara Land and Mossamedes. a. Juv. sk. South Africa (Surtees). Sharpe Collection. b, c. Ad. sk Cape Colony (Layard). Sharpe Collection. d. Ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Capt. Trevelyan ~P.]. e. $ ad. sk. Pinetown, Natal, March 19 Sharpe Collection. (T.Z. Ayres). f. Ad. sk. Natal. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. g, h. (S $ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. L. Ayres). Sharpe Collection. i. $ ad. sk. Tati, Matabele Land, W. E. and C. G. Oates, Oct. 4 (F. Oates). Esqrs. [P.j.^ h. Jad.sk. Otjimbinque, Damara Land, Sharpe Collection. Oct. 1 (Andersson). Z. Ad. sk. Otjimbinque, Damara Land, Sharpe Collection. Nov. 23 (Andersson). 17. Hinni&o puella. Hirundo puella, Temm. Sf Schl in Faun. Japon., Aves, p. 33 (1842); Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 160 (1800); Gray, Hand-L B. L p. 69, no. 797 (1809); Fimch $ Marti. Yog. Ostafr. p. 100 {1^70); Sharpe, P. Z. S 1870, p. 319; id. Ibis, lb70, p. 479; Layard, Ibis, 1870, p. 229; Blanf. Geol $ Zool. Abyn. p. 346 (1^70); Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 218 (1^70); Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p. 47, no. 441 (1871); id. Ibis, 1871, p. 479; Shelley 8f Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 288; Antin. $ Salvad. Uce. Boyos, p. 73 (l*73j; Sharpe, P. Z.S. 1873, p. 713; Ussker, Ibis, 1874, p. 63; Meichen. Corresp. Afrih. Gesellsch. 1875, p. 178; Sharpe $ Bouv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 38 (1876); Cab.J.f. 0.1878, p. 222; Fisch. f Beichen. t c. p. 257 ; Fisch. t c. p. 280; id. ibid. 1879, p. 344; Sharpe, in Oates's Matabele Land, App. p. 311 (1881); Shelley, F. Z. S. 1881, p. 565 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 184 (1881); Shelley, Bis, 1882, p. 260; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 373 (18£2"i; Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 121 (1884); Ayres, Ibis, 1884, p. 228. Hirundo abyssinica, Gue'r. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 322; id. in Ferr. et Gal. Toy. en Abyss, iii. p. 240,1.10 (1847); Des Murs in Lefebvr. Voy. Abyss., Zool p. 77 (1845) ; Grav, Gen. B. i. p. 58 (1845) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 340 (1850); Earth J. f. O. 1853, p. 399, & 1855, p. 360; td. Orn. Westafr. p. 28 (1857); id. J. f. O. Ib6l, p. 103; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 320. Cecropis striolata, Hupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 18, t. 6 (1845). Hirundo striolata, Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit Mm. p. 23 (1848); Jard. Contr. Orn. 1848, p. 4; Mors/. $ Moore, Cat Birds Mm. F.I Co. I p. 94 (1854). Hirundo koffchalsi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 340 (1850); Gray, Eatid-l B. i. p. 69, no. 800 (1869). Cecropis abyssinica, Cass. Cat Eirund. Mus. Fhil Acad. p. 3 (1853): Brehm, Beise nach Eabesch, p. 209 (1863). Hirundo capensis, A. F. Brehm, J.f.O. 1855, p. 492. 5. HiExnsrDo. 155 Adult. Head and back of neck pale sienna; back and scapulars bright steel-blue; -wing-coverts duller steel-blue; lower part of the back and rump deep sienna; quills brownish black glossed -with dull greenish, blue ; tail-feathers brownish black, glossed above with greenish steel-blue, all the feathers except the centre ones having a large white spot on the inner web; underneath fulvous white, profusely marked with broad longitudinal stripes of dark brown; under wing-coverts deeper fulvous; bill black; feet dark brown. Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0-3, wing 4-2, tail 4-8, tarsus 0-5. Young (type of H. korthalsi, Bp.). General colour above dull blue-black; wing-coverts and quills dusky blackish with a slight gloss of blue-black, all the coverts and quills with an obsolete tip of sandy rufous, much broader on the inner secondaries; lower back and rump pale rufous; upper tail-coverts blue-black, with sandy rufous tips; tail-feathers blackish, with a gloss of blue-black, the outer feathers only a little elongated, the two outermost with a long patch of white on the inner web; crown of head dusky blackish, with sandy margins to all the feathers ; nape, hind neck, and sides of neck pale sandy rufous; lores ashy; sides of face and ear-coverts duH sandy rufous; cheeks and under surface of body whitish, broadly streaked with dusky blackish on the throat and breast, the streaks becoming much narrower on the abdomen and being absent on the under tail-coverts, which are entirely white; flanks and sides of body washed with pale sandy rufous; under wing-coverts and axillaries uniform pale sandy rufous, the small coverts near the edge of the wing mottled with blackish bases; quills dusky below, more ashy along the inner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-3, wing 3*85, tail 2*2, tarsus 045. (Mus Lugd.) Hah. North-eastern and Eastern Africa ; "West Africa, appa rently only found on the Gold Coast; South Africa generally, extending to the eastern districts of the Cape Colony. a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Dr. Riippell [P.], b. $ ad. sk. Senate, Abyssinia, May 21 Sharpe Collection. * (Jesse). c. Ad. sk. Rayrayguddy, Abyssinia, Sharpe Collection. "May 27 (Jesse). d. $ ad sk. Dougolo, Tigr<§, May 18. W. T. Blanford, Esq. e. Jad.sk . Ankober, ^ Abyssinia India Museum. (Harris). f. Juv. sk. West Africa. F. D. Godman and 0. Sal-J vin, Esqrs. |_P.]. g. h. Ad. sk. Connor's Hill, Cape Coast Sharpe Collection. (Ussher). t. Ad. sk. Connor's Hill, Cape Coast Capt. Shelley [P.]. (Ussher). kJ 6 ad. sk. Landana, Congo, Jan. & Feb. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. (L, Petit). m. Ad. sk. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.]. n Ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown, S. Africa. Capt. H. Trevelyan [P.j. o Ad. sk. Natal. Sharpe Collection. p s iuv sk. Pinetown, Natal, March 14 Sharpe Collection. r' * (T.L.Ayres). 156 HIKTJKDHSTDja. q, r. Ad. sk. Tati, Matabele Land (F. W. E. and C. G. Oates, Oates). Esqrs. [P.]. s. Ad. sk. Shupanga, Zambesi (Sir Livingstone Expedition. J. Kirk). t Ad. sk. Mombasa (Wakefield). K. B. Sharpe, Esq. "P.]. u. 2 a& s&- Mombasa Town. J. M. Hildebrandt T! ' v. <$ ad. sk. Kitui, Ukanda. J. M. Hildebrandt *CA 18. ffirundo rufula. Hirundo daiuica, Savi, Orn. Tosc. iii. p. 201 (1831, nee Z.) ; Selys Zongch. Ibis, 1870, p. 4*53. Hirundo alpestris (non Pall), Bp. Faun. Ital, TJcc. Intr. p. xxx (1832) ; Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 153 (1669) ; Blanf. Geol & Zool Abyss, p. 346 (1870). Hirundo ruf ula, Temm. Man. iii. p. 293 (1835, sipi. excl); Werner, Atlas, Chelidones, pi. la; Schi. § Susem. Vug. Fur. vi. Taf. 1. %. 2 (c. 1839); Gray, Gen. B.i. p. 5S (1845); Sehl. Jtev. Crit. pp. xviii, 41 (1844); Bp. Consp. i. p. 339 (1850); Brehm, J. /. 0. 1^53, p. 453; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 27 ; Ziaderm. Vdg. Grieclieal. p. 27 ; Simpson, Ibis, 1860, p. 289 ; Blasius, Xachtr. Xaurn. Vug. Dtvfachl. xiii. p. 209, Taf. 383.fig.4 (18150); Dubois, Ois. Fur. pi. 34 (c. 1862) ; Blasius, Ibis, 1862, p. 65; 6-V*??/, Cctf. i?r#. B. p. 33 (1863); Wright, Ibis, 1864, pp. 42, 57 ; Giglioli,Ibis, 1^>5, p. 51; Tristr. t c. p. 795 ^- -^J 1867, p. 362 ; Drgl. et Gerbe, Or a. Fur. i. p. 590 (1867); Dodttrl Avif. Sicil. p. 144 ( l^iil) ; Gray, 2fow«. J?, i. p. 69, no. 808 (1869); Saunders, Ibis, lftUO, p. 396; 6W>* Zongch. Ibis, 1870, p. 453 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1^70, p, 314 ; Salvad. Faun. Ital, TJcc. p. 53 (1871) ; Shelley, B. JSyypt, p. 122 (1^72}; Zrebser, B. Fur. iii. p. 487, pi. 161 (lb75) ; Zilford, Ibis, lb75, p. 16; Cordeaux, t. c. p. 184; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 188; Blanf. Fast. Persia, ii. p. 215 (1876) ; Giglioli, Flench. TJcc. Ital. p. 64 (1881); id. Ibis, 1881, p. 192; B. O. U. Zist Brit B. p. 43 (1883) ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1883, p. 169. Hirundo capensis (nee Gm.), Duraz. TJeo. Zig. p. 14 (1840). Oecropis ruf ula, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 174; Cass. Cat. Hirund. Mm. Philad. Acad. p. 4 (1853) ; Vierth. Xaum. 1855, p. 472; Gotdd. B. Asia, i.yl. 27 (1868). Cecropis alpestris (non Pall), Reiigl. Sysf. Uebers. p. 16 (1856); Borggr. Vogelf. NorddeutscM. p. 100 (1869); Severtz. Turkett. Jevotn. p. 67(1873). Hirundo (Cecropis) ruf ula, Jaub. et Barth.-Zap. Rick. Orn. p. 308. pi. 19.fig.1 (1859). Lillia rufula, Boie, J. f. 0. 1838, p. 364. Hirundo daurica (necZ.), Wright, Ibis, 1864, pp. 42, 577 & 1874, p.233. Adult male (Smyrna, May 24). General colour above glossy purplish blue, with white streaks on the back where the white bases to the feathers show through; wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing feathers, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally washed with dull steel-blue; rump pale cinnamon-rufous, verging into creamy white on the upper tail-coverts, the longer ones of which are purplish blue with pale cinnamon-buff bases; tail-feathers blackish glossed with dull blue; crown of head purplish blue, forming a cap, which is separated from the mantle 5 . HIRU7TO0. by the cinnamon-coloured sides of the neck, which converge from behind the eye to the nape, where they form a collar; base of forehead and a narrow line over the eye cinnamon-rufous ; cheeks and ear-coverts pale sandy buff, the lores mixed with dusky plumes; entire under surface of body pale cinnamon-buff, a little deeper on the fore neck, breast, and Hanks; the throat very minutely, and the rest of the body a little more distinctly, striated with narrow dusky shaft-lines; sides of upper breast purplish blue; thighs and under tail-coverts creamy whitish, the longer coverts blue-black with creamy white bases; axillaries and under wing-coverts pale sandy buff, the coverts near the edge of the wing with blackish shaft-lines; quills dusky below, paler along the edge of the inner web. Total length 7-8 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4-8, tail 4*15, tarsus 0-5. Adult female. Exactly like the male in. colour. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 4*7, tail 3*85, tarsus 0-55. Obs. In many specimens the crown of the head appears as if connected with the mantle by a few purplish-blue feathers ; this is, however, due to the faulty preparation of the skin, as in properly preserved examples the collar on the hind neck is perfect. I have seen only one young bird which has also this partial connexion between the crown and the mantle, but I do not consider it to be simply a sign of immaturity. Young (Smyrna, July 29). Much duller in colour than the adult, being blackish glossed with steel-blue, the rufous colour on the neck and rump very much paler; wing-coverts and secondaries tipped with pale rufous; beneath paler than in the adult, the throat and abdomen whitish, the fore neck rufescent; the throat and breast with tolerably distinct dusky shaft-lines; axillaries and under wing-coverts pale cinnamon, rather deeper than in the adult. Total length 6*8 inches, wing 4*8, tail 3*2, tarsus 0-55. Hah. Southern Europe, occurring as far westward as Italy, Sicily, and Malta, ranging through Greece, Asia Minor, and Palestine, to Egypt an ^ Abyssinia, and eastwards to Turkestan. On its occurrence in Dauria, as erroneously given by me in the P. Z. S. for 1870, cf. Dresser, E. Eur. I. c. a. Ad. sk. Genoa, spring of 1871. E. B. Sharps, Esq. [P.]. h. S ad. sk. Smyrna, May 24,1871 F. D. Godman and O. Salvin, (Dr. Kruper). Esqrs. [P.]. c. $ ad. sk. Smyrna, June 26,1871 F. D. Godman and O. Salvin, (Br. Kruper). Esqrs. [P.]. d. 6 ad. ; e,f. Smyrna, June (Br. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. c? iuv. sk. Kruper). g} h. J juv. sk. Smyrna, July 29,1871 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. {Br. Kruper). Lh. <$ 9. ad. sk. Calameta. Consul Merlin [PA Moore, Cat B. E.I. Co. Mus. i. p. 92 (1864, pt.); Stvmh. 'Ibis, 1861, p. 328; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 160 (1862, pt.) ; Swuih. Ibis, 1863, p. 255; Beavan, Ibis, 1865, p. 405; Tytlerf Bis, 1868, p. 196; Peh. t. c. p. 307 ; Brooks, Ibis, 1869, p. 46; Beavan, t. c. p. 404. Hirundo erytkropygia (nee SyJtes), Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 69, no. 806 (1869, pt.). Cecropis daurica (nee Pall), Jerd. Ibis, 1871, p. 352. Cecropis arctivitta, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 346. Lillia daurica, Hume, Wests and JEggs Ind. B. p. 78 (1873). Cecropis nipalensis, Hume, Sir. F. 1875, p. 42. Hirundo (Cecropis) nipalensis, Broohs, Str. F. 1875, p. 230. Cecropis erythropygia (nee Sijhes), Blyth, B. Burm. p. 127 (1875). Lillia arctivitta, Hume, Str.F. 1877, pp. 261, 260. Lillia nipalensis, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 262. Hirundo arctivitta, Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 307 (1883). Hirundo alpestris, 0. nipalensis, Seebohm, Ibis, 1883, p. 169. Yery similar to H. daurica, but smaller, "with the wing measuring from 4-4 to 4-7 inches. Bill black; feet dusky; claws black; iris blackish brown. (Scully.) In the young bird, according to Dr. Scully, the soft parts are as follows:—Bill black, the base of the lower mandible and gape fleshy yellow; feet dusky brownish; claws yellow; iris brownish black. Hah. Northern China, where probably a separate colony exists; Himalayas, from Simla to Assam, wintering in the plains of India and the Burmese countries. a. Ad. sk. Shanghai. Dr. McEnlay [P.]. b. Ad. sk. Woosung, April (Capt Mrs. Ince [P.]. Inee). c. Ad. sk. China. J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.l d. Ad. sk. Upper Assam (Dr. Eeid). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.J. e,f. Ad. sk. Nepal. ' B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. (Types of H. nipalensis.) a. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. h. Imm. sk. Nepal, Aug. 29. Dr. J. Scully [P.]. L Ad. sk. Himalayas. India Museum. K ? ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. L Ad. sk. Kamptee, C. P. Dr. B. EQnde [P.]. m. S imm. sk. Godavery valley, Jan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. n. d ad. sk. Pegu, March 29. E. W. Oates, Esq. [C.J. o. 79, p. 47; Ltgge, B. Ceyloa, p. 392 (1879). Adult. General colour above glossy steel-blue: hind neck and mantle slightly streaked with reddish on disturbing the feathers; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackibh, externally washed with steel-blue; rump and upper tail-coverts deep chestnut, the long upper tail-coverts steel-blue; tail-feathers black glossed with steel-blue; crown of head like the back; lores dusky; a narrow line of red commencing at the base of the forehead and extending over the eye, forming a narrow and scarcely perceptible eyebrow; sides of hinder crown, ear-coverts, cheeks, and under surface of body deep chestnut, with indistinct blackish streaks, very tiny on the ear-coverts and throat, but a little larger on the breast, abdomen, and flanks ; a patch of steel-blue feathers on the sides of the upper breast; thighs and under tail-coverts chestnut, the long ones of the latter with steel-blue ends, the longest entirely steel-blue; under wing-coverts and axillaries chestnut, the latter slightly mottled with dusky bases and narrow blackish shaft-lines; quills below dusky brown. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 4-9-5, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*6. The specimen described is in the British Museum, and the only other specimen which we have seen in this country is one in Capfc. Wardlaw Eamsay's collection; it was obtained in Malacca by the late Dr. Maingay. This specimen measures as follows:—Total length 7 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 5*3, tail 1*9, outer tail-feathers 3-9. It is apparently in more complete plumage than the Museum skin, as there is considerable difference between the dimensions of the two birds. Hah. Malacca. Ad. sk. Malacca. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 5 . HIKTOD0. 167 22. Hirioido hyperythra. Hirundo hyperythra, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xviii. p. 814 (1849); id Cat. B. Mus. As. Socio. 198 (1849); %Kelaart, Brodr. Cat. p. 138 (1852); Layard, Ann. §• Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 170 (1853) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 306; Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 69, no. 798 (1869); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 419; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 592 (1879); Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 84. Herse hyperythra, Bp. Consp. i. p. 340 (1850). Cecropis hyperythra, Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 30 (1868); Jerd. His, 1871, p. 352; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 266. ^ Adult. General colour above purplish blue or deep steel-blue, a little streaked on the hind neck and mantle with fulvous, the feathers having a concealed fulvous edging, which becomes evident when they are disarranged; wing-coverts like the back; bastard- wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally glossed with steel-blue; feathers of lower back steel-blue, tipped with rufous like the adjoining rump and upper tail-coverts, the longest of the latter being steel-blue ; tail-feathers blackish glossed with steel-blue; crown of head like the back ; lores dusky, surmounted by a narrow line of rufous from the base of the forehead, extending over the eye, and forming a scarcely perceptible eyebrow ; sides of hinder crown, ear-coverts, cheeks, sides of neck, and entire under surface of body deep chestnut, very plainly marked with narrow blackish shaft- lines, a little broader on the ear-coverts and on the throat; thighs and under tail-coverts chestnut, the longer under tail-coverts tipped or subterminally spotted with blue, the longest entirely blue; the under wing-coverts and axillaries chestnut, with distinct blackish shaft-lines near the edge of the wing; quills below dusky black ; " bill deep brown, in some specimens blackish, the base of the lower mandible reddish; legs and feet vinous brown; iris sepia-brownv (Legge). Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 4*55, tail 2*95, tarsus 0*55. Sexes alike in plumage. Immature birds have the hue of the under surface paler than the adults and the shaft-streaks not so clear (Legge). Hah. Ceylon. a, b. Ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. d. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Kandy. Ceylon. T. Thwaites, Esq. [C.]. Dr. Kelaart [P.]. Gould Collection. 23. Hirundo semirufa. Hirundo semirufa, Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet-Ahad. Fork StocMi. 1850, p. 107; Shame, Ibis, 1869, p. 188; Ayres, t. c. p. 290; Gray, Handrl B. i. p. 69, no. 802 (1869) ; Sharpe, P Z. S. 1870, p. 317; id. Cat Afr. B. p. 46 (1871); Ayres, Ibis, 1880, p. 260 ; Sharpe, in Oates's Matabele Land, App. p. 312; id. ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 370, pi. ix. %. 1 (1883),; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 260; Ayres, Ibis, 1884, p. 227. Adult Above dark blue, inclining to indigo; rump chestnut; upper tail-coverts dark blue; quills black, brownish underneath, glossed above with dark blue; tail black, glossed with blue above, 168 HnoraDiircDiE. every feather, except the two centre ones, having a very large white spot on the inner web; space between the bill and the eye velvety black ; cheeks and ear-coverts deep bine-black; entire under surface chestnut, very deep on the flanks and abdomen; under wing-coverts felvous; edge of wing fulvous mottled with black: " bill black; legsllusky; iris dusky" (T. Aijres). Total length 8'S inches, culmen 04, wing 5-2> tail 5-3, tarsus 0-55. Hal. Southern Africa, from ]NTatal to the Transvaal and northwards to the Matabele country. a, b. Ad. sk. Natal. Skarpe Collection. _ c. Ad. sk. Between Pretoria and Ly- P. A. Ban-art, Esq. wC], denburg. d. $ ad. sk Transvaal (T. Ayres). Sharpe Collection. e. J ad. sk Tati, Matabele Land, Oct. 4 W. E. and C. G. Gates, Esqrs. (F. Oates). [P.]. / . Ad. sk. Inchlangin River, December W. E. andO.G.Oates,Esqrs. (F. Oates). [P.]. Subsp. a. Hirraido gor&onL Hirundo melanocrissa (nee Biipp.), Jard. Confr. Orn. 1849, p. 4. Hirundo gordoni, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 141,1852, p. 47; Ilartl. Om. W.-Afr. p. 27 (1857); id. J.f.O. 1861, p. 103; Gray, Band-L B.l p. 69, no. 799 (1809); Skarpe, Ibis, 1809, p. 1^ ; id. P.Z.S. 1870, p. 317; id. Cat Afr. B. p. 40(1871); Shelley $ Buckley', Ibis, 1872, p. 288; Ussher^ Ibis, 1874, p. 6'2; Beieken. J.f.O. 1875, p. 21; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 182 (1881). Cecropis gordoni, Cass. Broe. PMlad. Acad. 1859, p. 33. Adult. Above glossy indigo-blue, duller on the wing-coverts; quills brownish black, glossed above, especially on the secondaries, with dark blue; rump sienna-rufous; upper tail-coverts dark indigo; tail brownish black, washed with dull indigo above, the inner webs of all but the six central feathers having a large white patch; entire under surface of body sienna-rufous, a little paler on the throat, thighs, and under wing-coverts ; bill black; feet dark brown. Total length 6*5 inches, culmen 0*35, wing 4*5, tail 4, tarsus 0*55. Hah. West Africa, from Senegal to the Congo. a. Ad. sk. b. Ad. sk. Senegal. Ashantee. M. Laglaize [O.l. John Gould, Esq. c. Ad. sk. d. e. Ad. skf, g, h. Ad. sk. i, h. Ad. sk Ehnina, 3fay (Blissett). Cape Coast (Ussher). Accra (Ussher). Gaboon. Sharpe Collection. Sharpe Collection. Sharpe Collection. Sharpe Collection. I. Ad. sk. Landana, Congo (Lucan). K. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 24. Hirundo senegalensis. Hirondelle a ventre roux de Senegal, Bauhent. PI Enl. vii. pi. 310. Hirundo senegalensis, Binn. St/st Mat i. p. 845 (1766); Siuaim. B W. Afr. ii. p. 72, pi. 6 (1837); Gray, Gen. B. I p. 58 (1845): id. Cat. Fissir. Brit Mus.v. 23 (1848); Jard. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 4Bp. Consp.i. p. 339(1850); Marti. Orn. Westafr. p. 27(1857); Dubois, Ois. Bur. pL 35 (1862); Hartl.. /. O. 1869, p. 103Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 69, no. 796 (1869); Heuql. Orn. MO.-Afr i. p. 156 (1869); Skarpe, P. Z.S. 1870, p. 316; id. Ms, 1872, 5. HIE UNDO. 169 p. 71 ; Shelky # Buckley, t c. p. 288; Ileugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. iv. App. p. lvii (1874); Ussier, Ibis, 1874, p. 02; Iieichen. Corresp. Afrik. Gesellsch. Berlin, 1875, no. 178 ; «*. J. f. 0.1875, p. 21; Sharps # Bouv. Bull. Sac. Zool. France, i. p. 37 (187(5); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 120 (1884). Hirundo rufula, Gould, B. Bur. ii. pi. 55 (1837, nee Temm). Oecropis senegalensis, Bess. Compl Buff. viii. p. 498 (1837); Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 174; Mupp. Syst. TIebers. p. 22 (1845;; Cass. Cat. Hmmd. Mus. Philad. Acad. p. 3 (1853) ; Ileugl. Syst. TIebers. p. 16 (1856); Bouvier, Cat Ois. Marchefyc. p. 9. Hirundo melanoerissus (nee B'upp), Ileugl. J.f 0. 1862, p. 297. Cecropis melanoerissus, Antin. Cat. descr. Uce. p. 25 (1865); Salvad. Atti B. Accad. Sci. Torino, 1870, p. 728. Above purplish blue; sides of the head and back of the neck, almost forming a nuchal collar, as well as the entire rump, deep sienna; quills dull black slightly glossed with blue; upper tail- coverts dull purplish blue; tail-feathers black, unspotted; throat and cheeks buffy white, as also are the under wing-coverts; rest of the underparts deep chestnut; bill black; feet very dark brown. Total length 9 inches, wing 5*7, tail 4*2. Hab. 3ST.E. Africa and W. Africa. a. Ad. sk. Senegal. Governor Kendall [P.]. b. $ ad. sk. Casamance (Verreaux). Skarpe Collection. c. Ad. sk. Ekraful, Gold Coast, May Skarpe Collection. (Blissett). d. Ad. sk. Askantee. J. Gould, Esq. e. Ad. sk. Plains of Accra, Eeb. 13 Skarpe Collection. ( Ussher). f. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Skarpe Collection. 25. Hinin&o monteixi. Hirundo monteiri, Haril. Ibis, 1862, p. 340, pi. 11; Gurney, Ibis, 1863, p. 116; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 320; Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 69, no. 803 (1869); Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1868, p. 40, 1869, p. 339; Finsch Sf Uartl. Vdg. Ostafr. p. 139 (1870); Sharps, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 316 ; id. Cat Afr. B. p. 46 (1871); Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 49 (1872); Sharps, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 713 ; id. $ Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, p. 38 (1876) ; Cab. J.f.O. 1878, p. 222; Fischer $ Beichen. t c. p. 257; id. J. f 0.1879, p. 344; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 181 (1881); Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 565; Sharp*, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 368 (1883). Male. Above glossy blue-black, the head capped and united to the nape by a broad interrupted band of blue-black feathers; a narrow line of feathers from the base of the nostrils to the eye dusky black; space below this line, and feathers at the base^of the beak, cheeks and ear-coverts whitish, tinged with grey on the latter; lower part of the back and rump deep chestnut; upper tail-coverts blue-black; quills dusky brown, with a dark greenish-blue lustre on the upper surface; tail greenish blue above, blackish underneath, with an oblong white spot on the inner web of the exterior tail-feathers ; throat and under wing-coverts white tinged with light rufous; a triangular patch of feathers on the side of the head extending from the eye backwards, nearly encircling the head, and extending down 170 HIBTODItflDJB. the sides of the neck, very bright rufous ; shoulders and sides of the chest dark blue-black like the back; breast and under tail-coverts deep rufous, with a black spot near the tip of the two interior feathers of the latter; thighs white; bill black; feet dark brown. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 5'To, tail 4*75, tarsus 0*65. Young. Above blue-black, but not so rich or so glossy as in the adult; quills and tail dusky brown, with scarcely any perceptible gloss on the upper surface; lower part of the back pale rufous; throat, cheeks, and under wing-coverts puie white; sides of the neck and breast rufous, but not so rich as in the adult; under tail- coverts rufous, the basal half of the two interior feathers black. Hob. S.W. Africa, ranging across to the Zambesi and Zanzibar districts. a. Ad. sk. Angola. J. J. ^lonteiro, Esq. XV. (Type of species.} h. Ad. sk. Angola (Monfeiro). Sharpe Collection. c,d. S 2 ad. sk. Ondonga, Ovampo Land Sharpe Collection. (Andersson). e. <£ ad. sk. Elephant Vley, Damara Sharpe Collection. Land, Sept. 22 (Andersson). f. Ad. sk. Mombas, E. Africa (Wake- II. B. Sharpe, E*q. [P.1. field). 26. Hirun&o euchrysea. Hirundo euchrvsea, Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 08, pi. 12 (1^47); Gray, Cat. Fissir. Bnt. Mus. p. 2G (1848) 5 March, Proc. PMIad. Acad. 1863; p. 295 ; Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 72, no. 849 (LbOli); M. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 14 (1873). Herse euchrysea, Bp. Consp. L p. 84 (1850). Petrochelidon euchrysea, Sclaier, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 72 ; id. Cat. Amer. B. p. 39 (1862). Callichelidon euchrysea, Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 304 (I860); A. fy B. Newt Handb. Jamaica, 1881, p. 107. Adult. General colour above metallic golden green, greener on the head; wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard- wing, and primary-coverts blackish, externally washed with golden bronze; quills black, with a slight bronzy shade on the outer edge; tail-feathers blackish washed with golden bronze; lores velvety black; ear-coverts, fore part of cheeks, and base of chin metallic golden green like the upper surface; throat and remainder of under surface of body pure white; thighs black; under tail-coverts pure white; axillaries and under wing-coverts metallic golden green, with dusky bases; quills sooty black below: " bill black; feet purplish black" (Gosse), Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 4-2, tail 2% tarsus 0*4. Young. Differs from the adult In having the feathers of the throat and breast obscured with dusky subterminal bars. The metallic plumage is also duller and greener, with not such a strong golden lustre. Eab. Jamaica. 6 . CHERAMQECA. 171 a, b. Ad. et juv. sk. Jamaica. Capt. Hamilton [P.]. c. Ad. sk. Jamaica. P.H.Gosse,Esq.[C.]. d. Juv. sk. Jamaica. (Type of species.) Sclater Collection. e. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Collection. 27. Hirundo sclateri. Hirundo euchrysea, var. dominicensis, Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. iV. II. xi. p. 95 (180(3). Hirundo sclateri, Cory, Auk, 1884, p. 2; ad. 2?. S. Domingo, p. 45 (1884). Adult male. Above bright bluish green, showing a golden colour in some lights, becoming decidedly blue on the forehead; upper surface of wings and tail showing a tinge of dull blue, brightest on the tail; underparts pure white; primaries brown; bill and legs very dark brown. Length 5-25 inches, wing 5*75, tail 2. {Cory.) Adult female. Similar to the male. +{Cory.) Hab. 53. Domingo. Obs. Differs from H. euchrysea, according to Mr. Cory, in being larger and in wanting the blue on the forehead. 6. CHEKAMCECA. Type. Cheramosca, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 49 (1850) C. leucostemum. Range. Australia. 1. Cheramceca leucostemum. Hirundo leucosternus, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 172. Atticora leucostemon, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 58 (1845); Gould, B. Austr. fol. pi. 12 (1848); Cass. Cat. Hirund. Mus. Philad. Acad. p. 6 (1853); Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 21. fig. 2: Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 73, no. 8(33 (1869). Atticora leucosterna, Bp. Consp. i. p. 337 (1850). Cheramceca leucosterna, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 49 (1850): Goidd. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 115 (1865). Adult. Upper surface particoloured; crown of head white, with brown centres to the feathers ; nape and hind neck as well as the sides of the neck brown; mantle and upper back white, the lateral feathers blackish along the outer web; scapulars, lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blue-black; least wing-coverts brown; re mainder of the wing-coverts, bastard-wing,primary-coverts, and quills blue-black, browner on the inner webs of the feathers ; tail-feathers blackish ; lores blackish brown;' ear-coverts brown ; cheeks, throat, fore neck, and breast white, extending slightly down the flanks; centre of lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts blue-black; thighs white; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, with a slight wash of smoky brown; quills dusky brown : " bill blackish brown ; legs and feet greenish grey; iris dark reddish brown" {Gould). Total length 5'5 inches, culmen 0*25, wing 3*95, tail 3, tarsus 0*5. Young. Differs from the adult in having the whole head brown, with only a streak of white across the forehead extending backwards HIItUNDINIDiE. above the eye; the quills edged with whito. Total length 4'6 inches, wing 3-8, tail 2-15, tarsus 0-5. Eab. Interior of Australia. a. Ad.sk. Australia. 6. Ad.; e. JUY. sk. Interior of S. Australia. F. D. Godmnn and O. Salvin, Esqrs. [P.]. Progne, Boie, Isis, 7. PROGNE. 1826, p. 971Type. P. purpurea. Pkeeoprogne, Baird, Review Am. B. p. 283 (1804) P. tapera. Tail and foot (to show connexion of toes) of Progne purpurea. Range. North and South America; Antilles. Key to the Species. . Purplish hlue "both above and below. a'. Under surface entirely purplish blue like the upper surface. a". With a concealed patch of silky white feathers on the sides of the lower back and a second one on the sides of the flanks purpurea, p. 173. b". With only one concealed patch of silky -white feathers, "viz. on the sides of the lower back ; no white patch on the sides of the flanks furcata, p. 175. c". "With no white patch either on the sides of the back or on the flanks concolor, p. 176. V. Centre of breast and abdomen white. d". Throat and chest glossy purplish blue like the upper surface dominicensis, p. 176. e". Throat and chest brown, with purplish- blue markings on the sides of the upper breast in old birds. a'". Larger: tail 3-3 inches domestica, p. 177. &'". Smaller : tail 2'4-2"7 inches chalybeu, p. 178. 7 . PEOGNE. 173 b. Upper surface brown as also the breast; throat and underparts white, with a longitudinal streak of brown on the breast tapera, p. 180. 1. Progne purpurea. Hirundo purpurea, Cateshj, Nat Hist. Carol i. pi. 51 (1731). The Great American Martin, Edwards, Nat HistB. iii. pi. 120 (1750). Le Martinet de la Caroline, JBriss. Orn. ii. p. 515 (1760). Hirundo purpurea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 344 (1766, ex Cateshj) ; Wilson, Amer. Orn. v. p. 58, pi. 39. figs. 2, 3 (1812) ; Audub. B. Amer. pi. 22 (c. 1830) ; Swains. Faun. Bor.-Amer., Aves, p. 335 (1831); Audub. Orn. Biogr. i. p. 115 (1831); id. B. Amer.i. p. 170, pi. 45 (1839); BOrbign. in Ramon de la Sagra's Cuba, Ois. p. 94 (1840); Yarr. Brit. B. ii. p. 232* (1843) ; Jones, Nat Bermuda, £. 34 (1859). Hirundo subis, Linn. Syst. Nat i. p. 344 (1766, ex Edward*) ; Maynard7 B. Florida, p. 71 (1874). Hirondelle de la Louisiane, Daubent PL Enl. vii. pi. 722. Purple Swift, Pennant, Arctic Zool. p. 431 (1785). Purple Swallow, Lath. Gen, Sgn. ii. pt. 2, p. 575 (1783). Canada Swallow, Lath. torn, cit p. 575 (1783). Violet Swallow, Lath. torn. cit. p. 574 (1783). Hirundo violacea, Gm. Syst Nat. i. p. 1026 (1788). Hirundo casrulea, Vieill Ois. Amer. Sept. i. p. 27, pis. 26, 27 (1807). Hirundo versicolor, Vieill N. Diet d'Kist. Nat. xiv. p. 509 (1817). Hirundo ludoviciana, Cuv. Regne Anim. i. p. 374 (1817). Progne purpurea, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 971; Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. fy N Amer. p. 8 (1838); G?-ay, Gen. B. i. p. 59 (1845) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 27 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 337 (1850); Cab. Mus. Hein.i. p. 50 (1850),- id. J. f. O. 1856, p, 3; Burm. Th. Bras. iii. p. 140 (185(5); Cass. Ill B. Calif, p. 245 (1856); Brewer, N. Amer. Ool vol. i. p. 103, pi. iv.fig. 47 (1857) ; Baird, in B., Cass., $ Lawr. B. N. Amer. p. 314 (1860); Gundl. J.f O. 1861, p. 328 ; Scl Cat Amer. B. p. 38 (1862); Blahist. Ibis, 1862, p. 4, 1863, p. 65 ; Gray, Cat Brit B. p. 34 (1863); Degl et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 594 (1867); Gray, Mand4. B. i. p. 74, no. 886 (1869); Cooper, B. Calif, p. 113 (1870); Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 16 (1871); Cones, Key N. Amer, B. p. 114 (1872); Scl fy Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 14 (1873) ; Cones, B. N.-West, p. 91 (1874); Newt. ed. Yarr. Brit B. ii. p. 361 (1880); A. §* E. Newt Randb. Jamaica, 1881, p. 107; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 153 (1882) ; id. § Godm. Biol Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 223 (1883); B. O. XI. List Brit B. p. 45 (1883). Cecropis violacea, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 316. Cecropis subis, Less. Compl Buff. viii. p. 498 (1837). Cecropis violacea, Less, t c. p. 498 (1837). Progne subis, Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 274 (1864); Sumiohr. Mem. Bost Soc. N. H. i. p. 547 (1869); Lawr. op. cit. ii. p. 271 (1874) ; Baird, Brewer, $ Ridgw. Mist N Am. B. i. p. 329, pi. 16.figs. 7-10 (1874): Mdgw. U.S. Geol Survey 4Dth Far. pt. iii. Orn. p. 439 (1877); Merrill,R U.S. Nat Mus. i. p. 125 (1878); Belding, t c. p. 408; Corns, B. Color. Vail p. 445 (1878); Cooper, P. U.S. Nat Mm. ii. p. 247 (1879) j Ridgw. op. cit iii. p. 175 (1880); Coues, Key N Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 325 (1884). Progne elegans, ad., Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 275, note (1864). Progne cryptoleuca, Baird, t c. p. 277 (1864); Gray, Hand-l B. i. ^.75, no. 894 (1869). 174 HIETJNBINIDiE. Progne subis, var. cryptoleuca, Baird, Brewer, and Ridgw. Hist N. Amer. B. i. p. 332 (1874). Progne subis cryptolenca, Ridgw. P. U. S. Kat. Mus. iii. p. 175 (1880). Adult male. General colour above glossy dark purplish blue, with a concealed spot of silky white on the sides of the back; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back but rather duller; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally glossed with dull blue ; tail-feathers also blackish with a dull blue gloss; lores blackish; sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and entire under surface of body dark purplish blue like the back; axillaries and under wing-coverts like the breast; quills ashy black below, rather lighter along the inner web : " bill deep brownish black; feet purplish black; iris dark brown" (Audubon). Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 5'85, tail 3*05, tarsus 0*55. Adult female. Differs from the male in not being blue below. General colour above dark purplish blue, not so brilliant as in the male; the head like the back, the forehead browner, the feathers slightly mottled with purplish-blue centres : lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard-wing, prirnarycoverts, quills, and tail-feathers black, glossed externally with dull blue; lores black; ear-coverts dull blue ; cheeks, throat, and breast light ashy brown, extending on to the sides of the neck; feathers of the throat with narrow dusky shaft-lines, those of the fore neck blacker, obscured with hoary whitish tips; sides of upper breast having a few feathers tipped with purplish Hue like the back; centre of breast and abdomen white, the feathers with more or less distinct dusky shaft-lines ; in the centre of the breast a longitudinal spot of dusky blackish ; sides of body and flanks dark smoky brown, with ashy-whitish margins to trie feathers; thighs brown externally, white internally; under tail-coverts wnite, with dusky centres to the feathers, becoming darker before the tips; axillaries and under wing-coverts dark sooty brown or blackish, the coverts near the edge of the wing glossed with steel-blue and distinctly edged with' white; quills dusky below, more ashy along the inner web. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 0*55, wing >5'6o, tail 2-85, tarsus 0*55. A specimen in the U.S. National Museum (no. 87661; Laurel, Maryland, May 30th, 1882) is exceedingly interesting as exhibiting the plumage of the male in the second year. The bird might easily be mistaken for a 'female, but for the appearance of some blue feathers on the throat, which indicate the approach to the perfect plumage of the male. Young birds of both sexes resemble the adult female, though the young males are rather darker (Cones). Hah. North America, throughout Central America in winter, to Brazil; Cuba. a, h. d 2 ad. sk. North America. Purchased. e, d. e. $ S ? ad. sk. ad. sk North America. N. America (G. C. J. E. Harting, Esq. [P.]. Sclater Collection. Taylor), f. d juv. sk. N. America. Major-Gen. [P.]. Hardwicke 7 . PKOGNE. 175 ff. $ ad. sk. Canada, May ( 0. SaMn). Sclater Collection. h, £ d 2 ad. sk. Chicago, Illinois, May 23 E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], (jff. X. Co«te). k. $ ad. sk. Willow Spring, Arizona, U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. July 12 (Jff. JT. JBfewsAaw). 1 d ad.sk. District o£ Columbia, U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. May 8(Coues). m. J juv. sk. Fort Whipple, Arizona, U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. Aug. 11 (R Cones), w. ? ad. sk. Fort Macon, N.O. (Beak),. U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. o. ». (S ad. et juv. Mount Shasta, CaliLord Walsmgham [P.]. sk. fornia. q. <$ imm. sk. Mormon Island, CaliE. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. fornia, June 22 (A. Forrer). r. $ imm. sk. Big Trees, California, E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. May 24 (-4. Forrer). $. c? juv. sk. Cape S". Lue&s(Xanthus). U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. *. (5 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Collection. u. Juv. st. Para. E. Graham, Esq. [P.]. r, w. Ad. sk. Bahia. Sudbury Museum, a*, d1 ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro, Dec. Sclater'Collection, 24 (Natterer). 2. Progne furcata. Progne purpurea (non Z.), Gould, Voy.' Beagle,' Birds, p. 38 (1841) : Hudson, P. Z. S.1872, p. 675; Burnford, Ibis, 1877, pp. 32,168 1878, p. 392; Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 22. Progne modesta (nee Gould),Gray', Cat.Fissir. Brit.Mus. p.28 (1848). Progne furcata, Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 278 (1864); Sclater, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 321, 337; id. P. Z, 8. 1868, p. 531: Gray, HandrL B. i. p. 74, no. 890 (1869). Progne elegans, juv., Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 275 (1864)$ id. in Baird, Brewer, fy Ridgw. Hist. N. Amer. B. i. p. 328 (1874). Progne domestica, 8cl. fy 8ah. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 159. Adult male. General colour purplish, blue above and below: the lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, glossed externally with blue• tail-feathers black, washed with blue; on the sides of the back a small tuft of silky white feathers. Total length 7*7 inches, cnlmen 0*5, wing 5*55, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*6. Adidt female. General colour above dull blue, with a brown shade on the forehead and hinder neck; wing-coverts like the back, the greater and primary-coverts and quills blackish, glossed externally with dull blue, browner on the inner webs; tail-feathers blackish glossed with blue; lores dusky blackish; sides of face and ear-coverts dull smoky brown, with a slight blue gloss • cheeks and throat dull smoky brown ; remainder of under surface of body dark smoky brown, with blackish shaft-streaks, and obscured with broad whity-brown edges to the feathers; the under tail-coverts coloured like the breast, the long ones dull brown, with whity-brown edges and a distinct subterminal shade of purplish black; sides of body nearly uniform dark brown, with a purplish gloss; axillaries and under wing-coverts uniform smoky brown, the coverts near the edge 176 HIKTXJNMNIDJS. of the wing edged with, whity brown; quills smoky brown below. Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 5-5, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*5o. Obs. The types of Progne elegans of Ikird hare been lent to the Trustees by the U.S. National Museum; and I find that the specimen no. 21009 agrees with our female birds in the British Huseum : it is marked " $ juv.," and may be a male of the second year. The second specimen (no. 21011) is undoubtedly quite young, judging from the light margins to the feathers of the upper surface, these being very distinct on the wing-coverts and secondaries. The under surface is nearly uniform sooty brown, with ashy margins, more distinct on the breast and abdomen, the under tail-coverts rather broadly tipped with white. Hal. Chili and the province of Mendoza, across the Bio Xegro into Patagonia and Paraguay. a. Juv. sk. b.