Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 
Volume XI 
1886 
eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by 
Humboldt-Universität zu 
Berlin
CATALOGUE 

OF THE 

BIRDS 


15 THE 

BKITISH MUSEUM. 


VOLUME XL 


LONDON: 
PKLNTED £ ! ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 
1886. 


CATALOGUE 


or THE 

PASSEKIFOEMES, 


OS 

PERCHING BIRDS, 


IN TOTE 

COLLECTION 

OF THE 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 


FRIXGILLIFORMES: PABT IL 

COSTAIXIXG THE FAMILIES 

CCEREBIDJE, XAXAGBIDiE, AND ICTERIDJS. 

BY 

PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER. 

LONDON; 
FEINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES, 
1886. 

PRINTED BY TAYLOB AND FBANCIS, 
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 


PREFACE. 

ORNITHOLOGISTS will perceive with pleasure that full justice has 
been done to the unrivalled series of South-American Passerine 
Birds which the British Museum now possesses by securing the 
aid of Mr. Selater, who for many years has been the principal 
authority on the subject, and who has also undertaken to prepare 
one of the succeeding volumes. 

The New-World Passerine Birds were but poorly represented in 
the British Museum before the acquisition of the Salvin-Godman 
and Selater Collections; and only a few of the specimens of the 
old collection, viz. those of which the precise origin is known, or to 
which some special interest is attached, have been retained and 
are recorded in the present volume. 

ALBERT GOTTHER, 

Keeper of the Department of Zoology. 

British Museum, N. H., 
May 7, 1886. 

INTRODUCTION. 

THE Tanagers were the subject of some of my earliest studies in the 
class of Birds. After writing many preparatory papers and notes on 
this group, I communicated, in 1856, to the Zoological Society of 
London a Synopsis of the whole family, which appeared in their 
c Proceedings ' for that year; and in the following year I published 
an Illustrated Monograph of one of the most extensive and brilliant 
genera. I may add that I have never lost sight of the subject 
since that period, but have always taken special interest in the 
group. It was therefore with great pleasure that I acceded to 
Dr. Giinther's request that I should prepare the Catalogue of the 
specimens of Tanagridm in the British Museum, to which my own 
series, the result of some thirty-five years' assiduous collecting, 
has been recently added. The two families Coerebidce and Icteridm, 
with which I had also a considerable previous acquaintance, were 
likewise assigned to me to make up the volume. 

The species of Coerebidae recognized in the present Catalogue are 

70. Of these 63 are represented in the Collection by 672 specimens, 
15 of which are types. Thus only 7 species of Ccerebidse have no 
representatives in the National Collection. 
The Tanagridce are a much more extensive family, no less than 
377 species being acknowledged as valid in the present volume. 
Only 20 of this number have no representatives in the Collection. 
The remaining 357 are very fully represented by 3413 specimens, 
of which 74: are actual types or typical specimens. 

Of the remaining family, Icteridae, the number of valid species 

INTRODUCTION. 

vm 
accepted in tlie present work is 128. Of these 3 only are unrepresented 
in the National series, while the remaining 125 species are 
well represented by a fine series of 1409 specimens, amongst which 
are 12 types of species. 
Putting the three families together, it will be found that the 
total number of species treated of in the present volume is 575, 
represented in the British-Museum Collection by 5494 specimens, 
referable to 545 species, leaving only 30 species deficient to the 
Collection, whilst the series of specimens in most cases are very 
extended, and serve admirably to show the geographical distribution 
of the species. 
The Coerebida3, Tanagridse, and Icteridse are three families of 
nine-primaried Oscines, restricted to the New World, and especially-
characteristic of the Neotropical Eegion. The Ccerebidse I consider 
to be nearly allied to the Tanagrida3; and it is indeed somewhat 
difficult to separate them by external characters. They appear to 
perform the same functions in Nature in the Neotropical Eegion 
as the Nectariniidse and Dicseidaa in the tropics of the Old World. 
The Tanagridse are also very closely allied to the Fringillidaa, and 
are in fact fruit- and insect-eating Pinches, They come in very 
naturally between the Mniotiltidae and Ccerebidse on the one side, 
and the Fringillidse on the other. But whether the Icteridse 
should immediately follow the Tanagridse in a natural series is, I 
think, a little open to question. To my mind, the Icteridse, 
although their outer primary is entirely aborted, present many 
points of alliance with the Sturnidse ; and it would therefore be 
better, I think, to place them after the JMngillidae, and in the 
immediate neighbourhood of the former family. But, under Mr. 
Wallace's system of arrangement of the Oscines according to the 
number of their primaries, which has been adopted in this part of 
the Catalogue of Birds *, the Icteridse do very well in their present 
situation. 
Many valued friends and correspondents have rendered me material 
assistance in the compilation of this volume by the loan of 

* See Mr. Sharpens remarks on this subject, Cat. Birds, yol. x. p. 1. 
INTRODUCTION. 

specimens. Amongst these I particularly wish to record my thanks 
to:—Herr August von Pelzeln, of Vienna; Prof. Baird and Mr. Eidgway, 
of the U.S. National Museum, "Washington; M. L. Taczanowski, 
of "Warsaw; Hans, Graf von Berlepsch, of Muenden ; and Mr. G. N. 
Lawrence, of New York. 

Finally, I must ask to be allowed to express my admiration of 
the noble gift made to the Nation by Messrs. Osbert Salvin and 

F. DuCane Godman of their unrivalled series of New-World Birds, 
the accession of which has enormously increased the wealth of 
the National Collection as regards the families treated of in the 
present volume. 
I must also ask these gentlemen to accept my grateful acknowledgments 
of the liberal manner in which they have given me 
unrestricted access to their specimens, so that I was enabled to 
catalogue them before their transfer to the British Museum. The 
facilities thus generously afforded have greatly lessened my labours 
on the present Volume. 

PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATEE. 

3 Hanover Square, W., 
19th April, 1886. 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 


Order PASSERIFORMES. 

Suborder PASSEEES. 

SECTION ERINGHLLIFORMBS. 

Fain. OCEREBID-®. 

Subfam. I. DiGLOSsiNiE. 
Page 

1. Diglosea, Wac/ler 2 

1. bj^tiila, WagL 3 
2. sittoides, cTOrb. et Lafr.. 4 
3. glonosa, Scl et Salv..... 5 
4. brunneiventriB, Lafr 5 
5. pectoraFs," Cab 6 
. mystaealls, Xer/r 6 
7. carbonaria^, <# Or5. e£ Xa//\ 6 
8. major, C«& 7 
9. lafresnayit JJoiss 7 

10. lilimeralis, Fraser 8 

11. aferrlma, Xfl/r 8 

2 12. aftilateralis, Xq/r 9 

13. ptumbea^CaS 9 
14. personata, Fraser 10 
15. iiEtigofica, Scl 10 
1(5. glauca, Scl et Salv 11 
2. Diglossopis, Scl 11 

1. eseruleseens, Scl. ...... 11 

Subfam, II. DACNIDIKZB. 

3. Oreomanes, Scl 12 
, - *H. frajjgjk Scl 12 
4. ConTrostrum, $ Orb. et Lafr. 13 

1. sitticplory Lafr 13 

2. cjaneiini, Tacz 14 

3. xufum, Lafr 14 

4. ferrugineiventre, Scl 15 

5. fTggsxi+JSfcl 1^ 

6. cmer^mj d'Orh et Lafr. 15 

7. albifrons; Lafr 16 

8. atrocyaneum, Lafr 16 

5. Xenodacnis, Cab 17 

1. parina; Cab 17 

0. Hemidacnis, Scl 17 

1. albiventris, Scl 17 

7. Dsocms'^Cuv 18 

1. cayana. Linn 19 

2. 
coerebicolor, Scl 21 
. nignpes, refoeln 21 

4. angelica, De Filippi .... 22 
<~. e£E2& ^ *" 

6. viguien, $afo. £tf Godm.. 23 
J 7.flaviventrijs,cTOrb. et Lafr. 23 
H4 8. vemista, lawr 24 

9. puIcEemma, Scl 24 
*" 10. I^icogenygj Lafr 25 

11. analis, aOrb. it Lafr. .. 25 
12. speciosa, Max 26 
13. plurobea, Lath 26 
14. salmoni, Scl 27 
8. Oerthidea, Gould 27 
" 1. olivacea, Gould 28 
•, 2. fus^ Scl. et Salv 28 

Subfam. III. OCEBEBIN^. 

9. Chlorophanes, Meichenb. .. 29 
' . 1. spiza* Linn. 29 

2. punmrascens, Scl et Salv. 31 
JO. Coereba, Vieill. 31 

1. cyanea^ Linn 32 

2. cgrulea, Linn 33 

3. lucBIa, Scl et Salv 35 

vs 4^g^Earfl 35 

11. Cerlliiola, Sund. 36 
H 1. babameoasis, Reichenb. .. 37 
% 2. caEbtij, faird 38 

* 3. SScoIor, Hidgw 38 
"', 4. mexicana,, Scl 38 

5. litej&lv Cab. 40 
6 bananivoraj Gm 40 
<J ?• wi^mh^d 41 

8. sancti-tbomse, mdgw. .. 42 

9. bartbolmj-ca, Sparrm,.. 42 

10. saccbarina, Lawr. 42 
(, 11. flaveola, Linn 43 

Xll 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 

12. newtoni, Baird 43 
13. doniinicana, Taylor.... 44 
14. sundevalli, Ridgw 44 
15. cjdorqpygi, Cab 44 
16. "barBaaensis, Baird..... 46 
17. martinicana, Meichenb.. 46 
18. finschi, Ridgw.47 
19. atrata, Lawr 47 
Subfam. IV. GLOSSIPTILIN^E. 

12. 
Glossiptila, Scl 47 
]. ruficollis, Gm 48 
Fam. TANAGRID^E. 

Subfain. T. PBOCNIATIN^. 

1. Procnias, III. 50 
1. tersa., Linn 50 
Subfam. II. EUPHONHNJE. 

2. Chlorophonia, Bp 53 
1. viridis, Vieill 54 
2. Fongipenn^, Du Bus .. 54 
3. forrejoni, Tacz 55 
4. frontalis, Scl 55 
5. roraimse, Salv. et Godm, 56 
6. flavirostris, Scl 5Q 
7. pretriij Lafr 56 
8. occipitalis, Du Bus 57 
9. caJJ&ixy* Cab 58 
3. Eupnonia, JDesm 58 
1. musica, Gm 59 
2. insignis, Scl. et Salv. .. 60 
3. sclateji, Bp 60 
fi; 4. nlgncoUis, Vieill 61 
" 5. eleg^aujaasima, Bp 62 

6. flavifrons, Sparrm 63 
7. cMoroHica, Linn 64 
8. affima, Less 65 
9. trmifiatis, Strickl 66 
10. xanthogastra, Sund.... 67 
11. rufieeps, Lafr. et d'Orb. 68 
12. luteicapilla, Cab 68 
13. gracilis^ Cab 69 
14. qonemn% Scl 69 
15. iinschi, Scl et Salv 70 
16. sajjuxajp, Cab 70 
17. ininuta, Cab 71 
18. annaa, Cass. 72 
19. fidsssisa* ®°i 73 
20. violacea^ Linn 74 
21. hirundmacea, Bp.. 75 
22. ahaffibfCBJ 76 
23. laniifostris, d'Orb, et 
lafr. 76 
24, hypoxantha,2to'J. et Tacz. 77 
2o. melanura, Scl » 78 
26. fufiventris, Vieill 79 
27. vittata, Scl 80 
28. gectoralis, Lath 80 
29. cayana. Linn 81 
30. gouldi;^ 81 
31. mesoclirysa, Salvad. 82 

32. chrysoBasta, Scl et Salv. 82 
33. piumBea717M Bus .... 83 
4. Hypopliaea, Cab 84 
1. ehalybea, Mikan 84 
5. PyiT&iphoma, Bp 85 
1. Jamaica, Linn 85 
Subfam. Il l TANAGMSOS. 

a. Tanagrince ienuirostres. 
6. Tanagrella, Sw 87 
1. yplia, Linn. 87 
2. iridina^ Hartl 88 
3. cyanomelsena, Max.... 88 
4. calophrys, Cab 89 
7. CMoroclirysa, Bp 89 
1. calHroA^, Tsch 90 
2. pESSSfiSitij, Bp 90 
3. nifcidissima, Scl 91 
8. Pipridea, SID 91 
1. melanonota, Vieill .... 92 
9. ProcnopS7TS5 93 
1. xas§pji? Boiss 93 
2. branickii, Tacz 94 
3. atricserulea, Tsch 94 
10. Ca3M$,mBVfr~r. 95 
1. tjttao, Linn 96 
2. yeni, d'Orb. et Lafr 97 
3. ^Ebsa, Less 98 
fl 4. tricolor, Gm 99 
T\ 5. festiya, Shaw ........ 100 

6. cjaneiveptria, Vieill .. 100 
7. thomclcS,," Temm 101 
8. goulcG, Scl 102 
9. schranki, Spiv 102 
10. florida, Scl. et Salv 303 
11. punctata, Linn 104 
12. punctulata, Scl, et Salv., 104 
13. guttata, Cab 105 
14. xantjic-gastra, Scl.. 106 
15. graminea, Spiv 106 
16. rufigularls, Scl 107 
•: 17. aBfflraETia^ 108 
18. ^claterij Lafr 108 
19. artMisi, Less 109 
20. puMra, Tsch 109 
21. icterocepMa, Bp no 
22. Yitriolina^ Cab HI 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

X1U 

Page 

23. cajanaA Linn Ill 
* * ^ Y^rs*»Q^ -^awr n^ 
—r* 25. dGcuIIatai $w 118 
. vS 26. fafSpSto 113 

27. p55osa. Cab 114 
28. melanonota, Scl 115 
29. ^ola^ Linn 116 
30. lavinia, Cassin 116 
h. 31. gyaaloidee, Lafr 117 
32. albertina?, Belz 118 
33. desmare&tij, Gray 118 
34. bVasiliensis, Linn 119 
^ 35. flapve^s? Vieill 120 
36. bolIvianaT^ 121 
37. inmm^^Gozdd 121 
38. fffj^mcfis, Lafr 122 
39. ctmn^Tpcl 123 
40. dowi,^ 124 
41. larvat|L Dw Bus 124 
42. nigncm^ Bp 126 
43. cyaneicollis, $Orh. et 
^XafrTTT. 127 
44. cyanojsyg^ Scl. 128 
0) 45. iTzEaewd^ PrSv. et JDes 
Mwrs 129 

46. taylori, Tacz. et Berl . J 130 
47. fulvicervix, Tacz f 130 
48. ]gibradorides? Boiss 130 
49. mSSSSSspScL 131 
50. cyanotis, Scl 131 
51. lufigenis, Scl 132 
52. parzudalni, Lafr 132 
53. lunufera, Scl 133 
54. vfiSSSa, Scl 133 
55. xairfihocepliala, Tsch. .. 134 
56. chrysotis, Du Bits 134 
"j 57. cyanaptera, Sw 135 
t K 58. wlnieTyi, Salv. et Godm. 136 
"~ " 59. s^v^LZafr 136 

60. argentea, Tsch 137 
61. argyrophenges. Sal. et 
TfeS.... .. 137 
11. Pseudodacnis., Scl 138 
1. hartlaubi, Scl 138 
3, Tanagrina} fortirostres. 

12. Iridornis, Lesson 139 
1. dubusia, Bp 140 
2. reinbardti, Scl 140 
3. jelskty Cab 141 
4. p%pliyrocepfoala, Scl .. 141 
5. analis, Tsch 141 
13. DeBffiiupis, Scl 142 
1. castaneiventris, Scl.. .. 142 
14. Stephanophorus, Strickl.. 143 
\ 1. leucqcephalus^ Vieill .. 143 
Page 

15. Poecilothraupis, Cab 144 
1. lumdata; 2)u Bus 144 
2. igmy enim,d,Orb.etLafr. 145 
fi 3. patpeBrosaj Lafr \ . 146 
4. lacrymosa, Bu Bus 146 
. melanogenys, 
Salv. et 
Godm 147 

16. Buthraupis, Cab 147 
l.montm&jLafr.etd'Oj'b. ]48 
Y*. 2. cucuUata, Jard 148 

3. cHoronoia, Scl 148 
4. exlmja, Boiss 149 
5. arcaei, Scl. et Salv 149 
6. edwardsi; Elliot 150 
17. ConipsocoSia, Cab 150 
1. yioXoimi^Lafr 150 
2. STjSptuosa; Less 151 
3. ^^^^d'Orb.etLafr. 152 
4. notabilisjJard, 152 
18. DuEusiaT^T 152 
1-togstef JBoiss 152 
19. Tanagra, Linn 153 
1. epjy^QimS; Linn 154 
t» 2. coelestis, Spix- 155 
3. scIaSei'L Berlepsch .... 155 
4. cana^ow. , 156 
5. cyajQqpteraA Vieill .... ] 57 
6. sayaca^ Linn 158 
7. glaucocolpa, Cab 159 
8. palmarum, Max 159 
9. omata, Sparrm 161 
nlO. abbas, Licht 162 
11. cyanocepbala, d'Orb. et 
Lafr 162 
12. olivicyanea, Lafr 163 
13. bqnariensis, Gm 164 
14. darwmi Bp 165 
20. SpinJaEs, Jard. et Selb. .. 165 
1. nigricepliala, Jameson .. 166 
2. pbrlohc^iSs, Bryant .. 167 
, 3. multicolor; Vieill...... 167 
4. pretriij Less 168 
5. D&netficti, Bidgio 1G8 
6. zKKTXwm 169 
2i. lUJaHjKbccBlus, Dem. .. 169 
1. brasilius, Linn 170 
2.^mlhjci.... 171 
3. ^pgrfeularis, Sptx 171 
4. dimicliakis, Lafr 172 
5. Mciarii, tafr 173 
6. uropygialis, Bp 173 
7. jacapa, Lmn 174 
8. atrotfericeus, 
Lafr. et 
d'Orl... 175 
i 
/; 9. passerinU; Bp 176 
'10.flammigerus;Jard,etSelb. 177 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

XIV 

11. chrysonotus, Lafr 177 
12. i^teronotuj^ Bp 177 
22. Phlogothraupis, Scl etSalv. 178 
Q 1. sanguinolenta* Less 178 
23. OaToclifiBtes, Scl 179 
1. coccineus, Scl 180 
y. Tanagrinm sefirostrzs. 
24. Pyranga, Vieill 181 
(] \\ 1. sesfrya, Gm 182 
2. cooperi, Bidgiv 184 
3. testacea, Scl. et Sulv. . . 184 
4. hsemalea, Salv. et God?n. 185 
5. figlina, Salv, et Gochn.. . 185 
6. saira, Spiv 185 
7.Bx&mtcFOrb 18G 
f; 8. hepatica, Sio 186 
£L 
9. roseigulaiiSj Cabot .... 187 
""10. ruEra^Tmk 188 

11. erytnrornQlgsiia, Licht.. . 180 
12. averts, Tsch 190 
1118. bidentata, Sw 190 
14. ludcmciana, Wils 191 
1-5. injbriceps?k Gray 192 
16. eVfcbrocepliala^ Sio 192 
25. Cyanlcterus, Bp 193 
"l/venustus, Bp 193 
26. Orthogonys, Strickl 193 
1. Yiridis, Spiv 194 
27. Clilorothraupis, Ridgw. .. 194 
1. carmioli, Lawr 194 
2. oliyacea, Cassin ...... 195 
3. stolzmanni, Berl et Tacz. 195 
28. Phcenicothraupis, Cab. .. 195 
1. ruj^ica, Vieill 196 
2. vmacea^ Lawr 197 
3. rjjjjicoides, Lafr 197 
4. rubra, Vieill 198 
5. rliodlnolasma, Salv, et 
Godm 199 
6. fuscicauda, Cab 199 
7. salyjugjgerZ 200 
8. tm^^Xaivr 201 
9. gutturalis, Scl 201 
29. Lauio, Vieill 201 
1. aurantius; Lafr 202 
2. %cotkojrax, Sah. .... 203 
3. metanopygius, Bidgxu... 203 
4. atricapillus, Gm 204 
5. versicolor, d'Or&.^Za/r. 204 
0. mmax!R,mlSel 205 
30. Tachyphomis, Vieill 205 
Q1. melaleucus, Sparrm. ,. 206 
2. luffEaQsijis, Lafr. etd> Orb. 208 
3. p^gemceus, Sw 208 
4. xanttopygius, Scl 209 
Page 

5. chrysomelas, Scl et Salv. 210 
6. cri&fcaiais* Gm 210 
K 7. surinaraus, Linn 211 
8. nattereri, Peh 213 
9. rufiventris, Spix 213 
10. coronatus, Vieill 213 
11. niSHissfmus, Salv 214 
12. dgattrii, Lafr 215 
31. Oreurgops, Scl 215 
1. verticalis, Scl 215 
32. Malacotbraupis, Scl et Salv. 216 
1. dentata, Scl et Salv. .. 216 
33. Eucometis, Scl # 217 
1. pqpicillata, Spix 217 
2. albicollis, Lafr. ettfOrb. 217 
3. cristata, Du Bus ...... 218 
4. spodocephala, Bp 219 
5. cassiul.Xawr. ........ 219 
34. Trichothraupis, Cab 220 
1. quadricolor, Vieill .... 220 
8. Tanagrinm debilirosfres. 
35. Cypsnagra, Less 221 
Lruficollh, Licht 221 
36. 
Pyfrliocoma, Cab 222 
I."rufifigps,i5'nc7j/ 222 
37. Nemosia,Jleill 222 
1. pileata, Bodd 223 
2. rjouriij Cab 224 
r 3. guira, Linn 224 
4. rSficapilla, Vieill...... 225 
* « 5. flajjeoEis,. Vieill 225 
6. peruana, Bp. 227 
7. albigularis, Scl 227 
38. TblfpSpSSS^Cab 22^ 
1. sord^da^ Lafr. etcFQrb.. 228 
2. m^xaosm^Scl 229 
3. cnrysopis, Scl et Salv... 229 
4. fulvjceps, Cab 229 
5. inomata, Tacz 230 
6. ornata, Scl 230 
7. pectoralis, Tacz 230 
8. ruficegsj a?Orb. el Lafr,.231 
Subfani. IV. LAMPKOTINJE. 

39. Lamprotes, Sw 231 
1. loncatusy Licht. 231 
40. SerTcoSypha, Less. ...... 232 
1. albicrlstata, Lafr 232 
Subfam. V. PHQENICOPHILINJE. 

41. Plioenicopbilus, Strickl .. 233 
1. palmarum^ Linn 234 
2. poHgc^piaJus, Bp 234 
42. Calyptopnilus, Cory 235 
1. frugivoraa, Cory ...... 235 
SlbimiUIC INDEX, 

Page 


Pa$e 

j 
10. melanocephalus, Salv. et 

Subfain. YI. PITYLES-E. 

Gochn 261 

a. Pifi/Unce pari irostres. 11. leucopib, Scl. et Salv. .. 261 

12. castaneiceps, ScL 261 

43. Chlorospingus, Cab 237 

| 
13. crassirostris, Cass 262 

1. ophthalmicus, Du Bus. .. 233 j 14. tibialis. Later 262 

2. aiBfrenpiaSfc &*• •••• 239 j 15. nSanoiaemus, ScL et Salv. 202 

3. oEvaceii^ Bp 240 16.va&niichaLd'Otb.etLafr. 263 

4. p6&toctdaiis, Cab 240 I 17. melmo^Sj Salv. et ScL.. 263 

5. signatus. Tacz.etBerl.. 241 1 18. latinucha..J)?* Bits .... 264 

6. punctulatub, ScL et Salv. 241 ^- spodionotits,^/. et Salv.. 264 

7. pileatus, Sail 241 20. comptus, ScL et Salv. .. 264 

8. ig^Stus, Lafr 242 21. elffloprorus, ScL et Salv.. 265 

9. cnnlgulaiT^ Lafr 242 22. aXj^eae&y&^Boiss 205 

10. ^imoc^hplu^^ScLetSalv. 243 2o. menclas, Sol. et Salv. .. 2(56 

11. flaTj^uIa1^,~/Sfc/ 243 24. leucoptems, Jard 266 

12. hypopliseua, &tf. et Salv. 243 25. dresseri, Tacz 266 

244 


18. fla\o\ireiK, Later. ... . 26. seebohmi, Tacz 267 
14. benrifu^cus, &?/. <j£ 
Salv.. 244 27. schistaceus, Boiss 267 
15. clnereocephaliiN, 2"^^... 244 28. taczanowskii, ScL et Salv. 267 
10. atripileus, Lafr. ...... 245 mmr 29. jgastaneifrons, ScL et Salv. 268 
^•aimqifeis a^. ... 245 **" 30. pallidinucha, Boiss..,.. 268 

245

18. caiophrys, #a. ^ Salv, . 31. ttftWIW; "Tacz. 269 

240 


19. rubrirpstrk, £«//• 32. semimfus, Boiss 269 
20. chrysopraster, Tacz 246 33. personatus, Cab 270 
21- suj3^rei%% i^/ r 246 34. fulviceps, a? Orb. etLafr. 270 

22. reyi, Berlepsch 247 35. eitnnellu§; Cab 270 

23. chrysophrys, ScL et Salv. 247 48. Nesospmgus, Scl 271 

24. ignobilis, ScL 248 1. speculiferiis, Lawr 272 

248 


25. verticalis, Lafr 

26. xanthophthalmus, Tacz. 249 y. Tltylinm conirostres. 

27. leucoga^ter, Tacz 249 

49. Anemori, Tieill. 272 

2**. ca«taneicolli^, Scl 249 

1. silens, Bodcl 273 

20. goeringi, Scl. et Salt. .. 250 

2. oibignii, Scl 274 

SO. delanotis, Scl 250 

3. fGurostris, Siv 274 

31. berlep*ehi, Tacz 251 

4. deullii, Scl. 274 

251 


32. ochraceus, Bert, et Tacz. 5. spectabilis, Scl 275 

44. Urothraupis, Berl. et Tacz. 251 6. aurantiirostris, Lafr. ., 275 

251 
252 


1. stolzmamii, Berl. et Tacz. 7. nigrirostris, ScL 276 

45. 
Alicrospingus, Tacz 8. seniitorqiiatusj Sw 277 
1, trifasciatus, Tacz 252 9. apIlaiis/M 277 

10. nigriceps;> Tacz 277 
/3. Piiylince fringillirostres. 11. wuchereri, ScL et Salv. . 278 

12. policmoto Bp 278 

46. Pezopetes, Cab. 253 

13. afieillsei, Less 278 

1. eapitalis, Cab, 254 

14. saftSgyj, Bp 279 

47. Buarremon, Bp 254 

50. Diucopis, Bp 279 

1. torquatus, d7 Orb. et Lafr. 256 

1. fasciata, Licht 279 

2. phseopleurus, ScL....*.. 256 

51. Oonothraupis, Tacz 280 

3. assimilisj Baits 257 

1. speeuligera, Gould 280 

4. viranficegs, Bp 257 

5. branneiiiiieha, Lafr. .. 258 

$. Pityliruz validirobtres. 

<>. Inonktu^m et Salv... 259 

7. atrieapilhiN, Lawr 259 62. Psittospiza, Bp 281 

8. crutturalis. Lafr 259 1. riefferi, Boiss 281 

0. ll^mmli^T Orb. et Lafr. 260 2. elegans, Tsch 282 

53. 
Saltator, Vieill> 1. a triceps, Less' 2,riBfgHoides,Lap

3. magnus, Gm

4. atripeiiliis, Scl

5. simajs, cVOrb. et Lafr.

6. maxiUo&us, Cab

7. gj^w4 Licht

8. plumbeiceps, Lawr
«. 9. oji^^cens, "Cab

- 10. c^ruTescens, Vieill

11. superciliaris, Spix

12. ofenocensis, Lafr

 287 
288 
289 
289 
290 

 .... 291 
291 

13. aiirantiirostris, Vieill... 292 

14. laticlavius, Set et Salv.. 292 

15. ^^pmj^rieill.

16. mffventris, dyOrb.
' XafFZ:

17. flavidicollis, Scl}: 18. ajbjcollis, Vieill.

19. guadalupensis, Lafr.

54. Lainprospiza, Cab

1. melanoleuca, Vieill.

55. 
Orchesticus, Cab1, abeillii, Less

 293 

et 

 293 
294 
294 
.. 295 
296 
.. 290 
297 
297 

€. Pitylince tumidi?'ostres. 

56. Oreothraupis, Scl

1. arremonops, Jard

57. Cissopis, Vieill

1. leverj^ma, Gm

2. SaJQr; Cab

 298 
298 
299 
299 
300 

58. Schistochlamys, Meichb... 301 

1. capistratus, Max.

2. aSS^Wn.

59. PilJItfe, Cuv

1. grossus, Linn

2. fuliginosus. Baud.

3. erythromelas, Gm

4. cSseno, Licht

5. virtdis, Vieill

6. brasiEensiSj Cab

 301 
301 
303 
303 
.... 304 

7. poUogasfev, JDu Bus

8. tmi5era]SpX«wr

Fam. ICTERID^:. 

Subfain. I. OASSICINJE. 

1. Clypeicterus, Bp

1. qfaeryij JDeville

2. Ocyalus, * Waterh

1. latirostris, Sw

3. Eucorystes, Scl.

1. wagleri, Gray

4. Gymnostinops, Scl.

1. montezTimas, Less

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 
2b2 
^8;j 
284 
285 
28(5 
. 287 

 305 

 305 

 306 
306 
.. 307 
307 

 310 
310 
311 
311 
311 
312 
312 
313 

Page 

2. bifasciatu&j Spw 313 

3. gmlTiSozmiis. Bp 314 

4. yiiracarium, cPOrb. et 

zspr:.. sw 

5. Oatinops, Cab 315 
„ 1. decumanus, Pall. 315 

2. yjiadja, Mutt 316 

3. ^oxiyn^^V Orb. et Lafr. 317 

4. toalmoiiijjS'c/.

5. alfredij Ses Mars& sin^ipitalis, Cab

7. oleagineus, Scl.

8. angiistifrons; Spix

6. Cassicus^ Cuv

J -1. persicus, Linn

2. ffimrlssus, Scl.

3. 
chrysonotus, ffOrb.
Lafrr 4. leucqrhamphus, Bp.
j 5. affiS5s£rjs, Vieill

6. haemorrhous, Linn

7. &mmsxSw

8. uropygialis, Lafr

 317 
318 
318 
319 
319 
320 
321 
322 

et 

 322 
.. 323 
323 
324 
325 
325 

9. nilcrorJhynchus, Scl. et 

Sab

7. Amblycercus, Cab

1. solitarius, Vieill

2. holosericeus, Licht

8. Cassiculus, Sw.
_ 1. melanlcterusj Bp

9. Cassidix, Less

1. oryzivora, Gm

Subfam. II. AGKEI^BINJE. 

10. Doliclionyx, Siv

1. oryzivorus, Linn

11. Mofotliriis, Sw

0 1. pecoris, Gmf, ;_2. seneus, Wagl

3. armenti, Cabr} 4. bonariensis, Gm

5. piirpurascens, Cassin .. 337 

6. ajronitens, Cab 337 
„ 7. ea^sini, Fimch 337 
^ 8. rufo-axillaris, Cassin .. 338 

1 9. baHlus, Vieill

10. fringillarius, Spix

12. Agelseus, Vieill

0 
1. phceniceus. Linn

2. assimllls; GundlI %3. guBemator, Wagl.

4. tricolor, Aud.
^ 5. humeralis, Vig


6. xaniEomus, Scl.

* 7. tMlitts;~M>/.

 325 
326 
326 
327 
328 
328 
329 
329 

 331 
331 
332 
333 
334 
335 
335 

 338 
339 
33$) 
340 
341 
341 
342 
342 
343 
343 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

XVll 

Page 
tt. iaithurmi, Scl 344 

9-hmmm v^m ^u 

10. forbesi, Scl 343 
11. icterocephalus, Linn. .. 345 
12. navus, Gm 346 
Z 13. frontalis, Vieill 347 
14. ruficapillus, Vieill 347 
13. Leistes, Sic 348 
1. guianensis, Linn 348 
2. sujerciliaris, Bp 349 
14. 
Xanthocephalus, Bp 349 
\ 1. lomnpes, Sw 350 
15. Amlrfymartiphus, Leach .. 350 
1. holoserios&s, Scop 351 
16. Pseudoleistes, Scl 351 
1. guirahuroj Vieill. 352 
2. virescens* Vieill 352 
17. Nesopsar, Scl 353 
1. nigerrimus, Osbam 353 
18. Curlus/^T. 354 
1. aterrimuSf Kittl 354 
Subfam. III. STUBNELLIN-E. 

19. 
Trupalis, Bp 356 
" 1. militarj^ Linn. ...... 356 
2. bellicosa, Be Filippi .. 357 
3. (fefilfppii, Bp. .... 357 
20. 
Sturnella, Vieill 358 
e 1. magna^ Linn 358 
Subfam. IV. ICTEBINJE. 

21. Gynmomystax, Reichenb. . 361 
1. melanicterus, Vieill .. 362 
22. 
Icterus, Brisson 362 
' 1. baltimore, Linn 364 
2. bullacW, Sw 365 
3. abeilUi^Xe^ 366 
0 4. spuriuSj, Linn. 366 
5. bonana, Linn 368 
L 6. pyrrnopterus, Vieill .. 368 
7. chrysocGphalus, Linn... 309 
8. caTaueagis, Linn 369 
9. tibialis, Sw 370 
^ 10. hy^omalas, Bp 370 
r \ll . domTnicensis, Linn 371 

12. porforicengip, Cassin .. 371 
13. laucEEIIis, Scl 372 
14. oben/Kwr 372 
15. wagleri, Scl 372 
16. pf^Hemdas, StncM... 373 
17. mjculi-4latus, Cassin .. 373 
18. pansorum, Bp 374 
VOL. XI. 

Paco 

19. inelanocepbalus, Wagl. 375 
°>20. cucullatus| Sw 376 
21. auncapillus, Cassin 377 
22. hauXWH, Scl 377 
23. grace-annoe, Cass 378 
24. mesomelas, Wagl .... 378 
% 25 Gass

-g^SS3ii 379 
26. xanthornus, £m 380 
27. curasoensis, Midgw 381 
28. duBuapSS?. 381 
29. auratus, Bp 382 
'% 30. vulgaris, Baud. 382 
31. jamacaii^Gtoi 383 
32. crficoriQtus, Wagl 383 
33. gulajig, Wagl 384 
34. sclateri, Cass 385 
35. pectoralis, Wagl 385 
Q36. pustulous, Wagl 386 
37. grpysoniA Cass. .* 387 
*\ 38. leueapteiyx, Wagl.... 387 
Subfam. V. QUISCALINJE. 

23. Lampropsar, Cat 388 
1. tanagrinugj Spix 388 
24. ScolecopHagus, Sw 390 
1. ferrugineus, Gm 390 
J 2. cyanocepbalus, Wagl.. 390 
25. Bhe^Cass 391 
1. sumiehrasti, Be Saus... 392 
2. wa^cewiezi, Cab 392 
3. atroyiolaceus, $Orb. .. 393 
26. Quiscalus, Vieill ...... 393 
1. versicolor, Vieill 394 
2. major, Vieill 395 
3. raacrurus, Sw 396 
4. assimilis, Scl 396 
5. graysoni, Scl. 397 
' 6. tenuirostris, Sw 397 
7. gundlaclu, Cass. 398 
• 8. niger, Bodd. 398 
9. crassirostris, Sic 39K 
, 10. brachygterjjs, Cass 399 
11. forffi'oatrS, Lawr 400 
12. inflexirostiis, Sw 401 
13. gimdelqupensis, Lawr... 401 
14. luminosus, Lawr 402 
15. lu£ubr}sA Sw 402 
27. Maeragelseus, Cass 403 
1. subalaris, Boiss 403 
28. Hypopyrrhus, Bp 403 
1. pyrvpogaster. Be Tarr. 403 
29. ApfioEus, Cab. 404 
1. chopi, Vieill 405 
CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS. 


Order II. PASSERIFOR5IES 

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). 

Suborder I. PASSERES 

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). 

Section B. FRIXGILLIFOR2IES 

(Cat. B. vol. x. p. 1). 

Family CCEREBIDJE. 

The Ccerebidce, or Guit-guits, are a group of nine-primaried Oscines 
peculiar to the Neotropical Region, and, indeed, to the forest-covered 
portion of that region, which extends from the tierra ealiente of 
Southern Mexico on the north to the Gulf of Guyaquil on the western 
coast of South America, and to the southern limits of the wood-
region of S.E. Brazil and the great Amazonian valley on the eastern 
side of the Andes. 

The Ccerebidce are all of small size: they have typical Oscinine 
tarsi, with the posterior face smooth, and with indications of several 
scutes more or less obsolete on the anterior face. The wings are of 
moderate length, without any indication of the first or external 
primary, and with the second, third, and fourth primaries usually 
nearly equal and longest. The hill is small and slender and without 
any notch at the extremity of the upper mandible, but varies in 
structure in the four Subfamilies. The tongue is pencilled at the 
extremity. 

The members of this family are mostly of brilliant colour, and 
when such is the case the plumage of the male is usually quite distinct 
from that of the female. 

It is in some instances difficult to distinguish the Ccerebidce from 
the Tanagridce on the one side and from the Mniotiltidce on the other; 
but the more slender unnotched bill and filamentous termination 
of the extensile tongue, when the latter character is discernible, will 
usually serve to indicate a Coerebine bird. 

VOL. XI. B 

CCEREBIDiE. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

a. 
Bill straight; upper mandible lengthened 
and curved over the tip of the lower.. 1. DIGLOSSINJE, p. 2. 
b. 
Bill straight; mandibles equal in length 
and pointed at the ends 2. DA CN1DINJE, p. 12. 
c. Bill lengthened; both mandibles incurved 3. CCERJSBINsE, p. 29. 
d. 
Bill short, thick, conical, slightly incurved 
4. GLOSSIPTILIN2E, 
[p. 47. 
Subfamily I. DIGLOSSIN^E. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Bill strongly hooked at the extremity 1. DIGLOSSA, p. 2. 
b. Bill very slightly hooked at the extremity .. 2. DIGLOSSOPIS, p. 11. 
1. DIGLOSSA. Type 
Diglossa, Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 280 D. baritula. 
Agrilorhinus, Bp. Nnov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, i. 

p. 408 (1838) D. baritula. 
Uncirostrum, Lccfr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 100 D. carbonaria. 
Serrirostrum, d'Orb. etLafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 24 (1838) . D. carbonaria. 
Campylops, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 56 (1854) D. baritula. 
Tephrodiglossa, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 273 . D. carbonaria. 
Pyrrhodiglossa, Cassin, op. cit. p. 274 D. mystacalis. 
Cyanodiglossa, Cassin, ibid D. personata. 
Melanodiglossa, Cassin, ibid, D. lafresnayi. 
Structure of Diglossa major. 

1 . DIGLOSSA. 
The genus Diglossa contains about sixteen species of small Tit-like 
birds easily recognized by their peculiar hooked bill. They arc diffused 
over the more northern portion of the Neotropical Region, from 
Southern Mexico to Bolivia, and are confined nearly entirely to the 
upland forests above 6000 feet in altitude. They are said to frequent 
the bushes and trees at the edges of the forests, and to be usually 
found in small parties, ever active in search of insects. 

The nests of two of the species taken by Salmon in Antioquia (cf. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 496) were open and cup-shaped. The eggs (pp. cit. 
pi. xlii. iig. 1) are spotted with brown on a greenish ground. 
Key to the Species. 

Sect. i. Plumage more or less varied with rufous. 

a. 
Abdomen and crissum alike rufous; 
f throat plumbeous 1. baritula, p. 3. 
J throat rufous like the belly 2. sittoides, p. 4. 
) throat black all over 3. gloriosa, p. 5. 
[ throat black in middle, sides rufous ... . 4. brunneiventris, p. 5. 

b. 
Abdomen black; crissum rufous; 
I pectoral band rufous 5. pectoralis, p. 6. 
f no pectoral band 6. mystacalis, p. 6. 
c. 
Abdomen cinereous; crissum rufous; 
\ breast black 7. carbonaria, p. 6. 
j breast cinereous like the belly 8. major, p. 7. 
Sect. ii. Plumage uniform or nearly so. 

d. Black above and below; 
'bend of wing bluish 9. lafresnayi, p. 7. 
bend of wing greyish 10. humeralis, p. 8. 
bend of wing black 11. aterrima, p. 8. 


bend of wing white 
12. ulbilatemhs, p. 9. 

e. Plumbeous above and below 13. plumbed, p. 9. 
/ . Bluish above and below. 
a'. Face black 14. personata, p. 10. 
b'. Face like the body : 

i brighter, purplish blue 
15. indigoticd, p. 10. 
darker, with only a bluish wash ... . 16. glauca, p. 11. 

1. Diglossa baritula. 
Diglossa baritula, 
Wayl. Isis, 1832, p. 281 j Hahn, Orn. Atl. xii. tab. 1 
et 2; Hartl, Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 56; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. 

p. 157, pi. 42 ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 401 ; ScUder, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 286, 
1859, pp. 364, 376, et 1864, p. 173 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 48 ; id. Ibis, 
1875, p. 207 ; Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 97 ; Mater et Saluin, Ibis, 1859, 
p. 14 ; Belch. Handb. p. 233, t. dliv. ff. 3762, 3763 ; Cass. Pr. Ac. 
Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 273; Sumichr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. II. i. p. 548; 
Gray, Hand-L l. p. 118; Set. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 15; Salv. Cat. 
Strickl. Coll. p. 174 ; Salv. et Godm. Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 242. 
Campylops hamulus, Zicht. Nomencl. Mus. Berol, p. 56 (descr. nulla). 
Agrilorhinus sittaceus, Bp. Nuov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, i. p. 408 

C(1838). 
Uncirostrum brelayi, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 100. 
Uncirostrum sittaceum, %Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 292. 
Agrilorhinus olivaceus, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 22. 


B A 

CGZEEBID33. 

Above plumbeous, head, wings, and tail darker; below ferruginous 
red ; throat plumbeous like the back ; under wing-coverts red like 
the belly; upper inaudible dark, lower and feet cameoas: whole 
length 4*5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1-9. Female. Olive-green ; wings 
and tail blackish, edged with olive ; secondaries broadly edged with 
pale fuscous ; below pale yellowish olive. 

Hal. S. Hexico and Guatemala. 
Guatemalan specimens have less plumbeous on the throat, thereby 

approaching D. sittoides. 
a. S ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
h, c. <3 ad. sk. 
d. $ F-sk-
e. 5 ad. sk. 
Mexico-
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coil. 
ZooLSoc. Coli.^ (Type 
of Ayrihrhinm olivacetos.) 
/ . ? ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
g. S ad. sk. 
h, $ ad. sk. 
Xear the City of Mexico. 
Jalapa, South Mexico \de 
Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
Salvin-Godoian Coil. 
i. <$ jr. sk. 
j . c? ad. sk. 
Oca). 
Jalapa, South Mexico (de 
Oca). 
Que.-*altenango, Guatemala 
Sclater Coil 
Salvin-Godman Coil. 
k,l. cT2ad.sk. 
m. 5 ad. sk. 
(Salvin).
Caldera*, Vulcan de Fm*go 
{Salvin K 
Coban, Vera Paz {Sain a). 
Salvin-ttodmau Coll. 
Salvin-Gtvinuin Cull. 
n. 2 ad.sk. Santa Cruz Mto., Vera Paz Haiviii-lpidiOiti! Coll. 
(Sal tin}. 
o. cS ad. sk. G uatemala (Cwmitiniiu), Sclater Coll. 

2. Biglossa sittoides. 
Serrirostram sittoides, d'Ork ei Lafr. Syti. Aw. ii. p. 25 (1838); £Ork 
Voy., Ois. p. 374, t. 68. fig. 3. 
Diglossa sittoides. Bridge*, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 29; Gray ef Mitch. Gen. 

B. i. p. 137; Reich. Handb. p. 2S% t dliv. f. S766; Casein, Pr. Ac. 
8c. Phil 1864, p. 273: Graft Hand-l. L p. 118; Bel ei Salv. Ntmmal. 
p. 15 ; iid. P. Z, 8.1879, pp. 406 (Anfioquiaj, 506 (Bolivia); Tacz. 
P.Z.8. 1874, p. 511, et 1862, p. 8; id. Orn. Peru*, I p. 417; 
ScL Ibis, 1875, p. 208. 
Diglossa bimilis, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1846, p. 318; Sclater, R Z. S. im?}} 

p. 138, et 1808, p. 170; id. Cat A. A p. 48; Bp. Conep. i. p. 401; 
Reich. Handb. p. 233, L dliv. f. 3704; Cam. Pr. Ac, PML ltf64, 
p. 273; Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 118; ScL et Salv. ISfmnmel p. 15. 
Diglossa hyperythra, Cab. Mus. Mem. i. p. 97 (1850) (ex Venezuela). 
Uncirostrum d'orbignii, Bcms. Rev. ZooL 1840, p. 5. 
Diglossa d'orbignyi, Reich. Hamlb. p. 233; Gray, Hand-L i. p. US. 
Above plumbeous, front and bides of head darker : below uniform 
ferruginous red; upper mandible dark, lower and feet caraeous : 
whole length 4-4 inches, wing 2-25, tail 1*8. Female. Olive, wings 
and tail blackish with olive edgings ; below pale yellowish olive. 

Bab. Highlands of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and 
Bolivia. 

Lafresnaye has been followed by other authors in separating the 

1. DIGLOSSi. 
Colombian form of this species as D.sihiilis, but I cannot agree with 
this view (see 'Ibis/ 1875, p. 209). Ecuadorian specimens are 
rather paler below. 

«. cJ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela ((roe- Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ring).

k c. dT $ ad.< 4-. Bogruta. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ej\.*k. 

d. d "* 0 ad, Bogota 
Selater Coll. 

fiad. 
sk. San Sebastian, Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ll. cTad. 4 . Vicinit} of Quito,Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i. 
o ak. Pallatanga, Ecuador Selater Cull. 
(Preiser). 
./• e ad. ~k. Jima, Ecuador {Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. o ad.*k. Ecuador. 
Gould Coll. 
j-j* 

1 ad. 4;. Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. d ad- -k. Yungas,Bolivia{D.Forbes). Selater Coll. 
a*o. <? 5 ad. s-t Bogota. Purchased. 
3. Biglossa gloriosa. 
DL'lnwa prloriosa, Scl. et Sab. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 784, pi. 46. %. 1; iid. 
NimeneL p. 15; Scl. Ibis, 1875, p. 210. 

Above black, rump passing into cinereous ; smaller wing-coverts 
and ill-defined superciliaries grey ; below black, middle of abdomen 
and criaaiira red; under whig-coverts blackish ; bill black; feet horncolour 
: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2*2. Female not 
known. 

Hah. Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 

The only specimens known of this rare species were obtained by 

Goering in the Andes of Merida. 

a9 b. cf ad. tic. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Selater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 
<?f d. $ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Biglossa brtonieiveiitris. 
Diglo^a 
brunneitentris, Lafr. JRev. ZooL 1846, p. 318; Des Murs, 
Icon. Orn. pi 4:3; Cai*m, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1804, p. 274; Reich. 
Handb. p. 2#2, t. dliv. f. 3765 ; Gray, Mand-li. p. 119; ScletSalv. 

P. Z. S. 1-07, p. 964. IBJ% p. 151,1*870, pp. 496,596 ; iid. Nomencl 
p, 15: Tacz. F. Z. S. 1874, p. 511,1879, p. 225, 1882, p. 8; id. Orn. 
Perou71 p. 420; Scl. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 322, 1873, p. 780; id. Ibis, 
l&75,p. 211, 
Above black, ramp passing into cinereous; lesser wing-coverts 

hoary ^hite; below chestnut-red, middle of throat black, with red 

lateral stripe on each side; flanks and under wing-coverts light grey; 

thighs black; bill and feet black: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*8, 

tail 2*5* Female, Like the male. Young. Above cinereous, obso


letely striped with black; wings and tail blackish, edgings of wing-

coverts pale ; below pale fuscous, throat more cinereous, breast with 

distinct longitudinal blackish streaks. 

Hah. Andes of Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia. 

6 CCEKEBIDJE. 
a. (J ad. st.
h. cJad.sk.
c, d. 6 ad. ske. 
S Jr-s^*
f, g. 6 a^-s^h, 
cJad.sk.
i. cjjr.sk.
j , cJ ad. sk.
'k. S ad. s^«
I, cjjr.sk.
m. d ad. sk.
n. cT ad. sk. 
Bolivia {Bridges). 
Khapaguia,Bolivia {Buckley), 
Simaeu, Bolivia {Buckley). 
Bolivia {Buckley). 
Tinta, Peru (Whitely). 
Paucartambo,Pem(YF///^///). 
Pauc-artanibo,Peru( Wldtely). 
Cosuipata, Peru ( JJliitely). 
Pumamarca, Peru (Jelski). 
Pumamarca, Peru {Jehki). 
Central Peru {Jehki). 
Santa Elena, Antioquia 
Purchased. 
Sclater Ooll. 
Salvm-Godinan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. cJ ad. sk.
(Salmon), 
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
5. Diglossa pectoralis. 

Diglossa pectoralis, Cab. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 318; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 511: id. Orn. Perou, i.'p. 419; ScL Ibis, 1875, p. 212, pi. iv. 
Black; uropygium and scapulars cincraeeous; mystacal stripes 
and square patch on the breast milky white, the upper margin of 
this patch and crissum chestnut-red; bill and feet black: whole 
length 4*75 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2*4. Female. Similar, but colours 
less distinct. 

Hob. Andes of Peru. 

Only known from specimens obtained by Jelski in Central Peru, 
one of which has been figured in the c Ibis/ 7. c, and is here do-
scribed. A species at once distinguishable by its pectoral patch. 

6. Diglossa mystacalis. (Plate I.) 
Diglossa mystacalis, Zafr. liev. Zool. 1846, p. 318; Bridges, P. Z. S. 
1847, p. 29 ; Casein, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1864, p. 274; Belch. JSandb. 

p. 232, t. dlii. f. 3756; Bp. Camp. I p. 40 L; Gray, Hand-l i. p. 119; 
ScL Ibis, 1875, p. 212 ; Sol et Sah. P. Z. S. 1879, p 596 (Bolivia). 
Diglossa mystacea, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. pi. 42 (1846). 

Black; bend o£ the wing hoary grey ; under wing-coverts white ; 
broad mystacal stripes pale red; crissum chestnut-red: whole length 
6 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-2. 

Hab. Andes of Bolivia. 

A species discovered by Bridges in the province of Yungas, Bolivia, 
in 1844; and again recently obtained by Buckley in the same district. 

a, b. c? ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Purchased. 

e. <$ ad.sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll. 
cZ, e. <J ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . <J ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Ooll. 
7. Diglossa carbonaria. 
Serrirostrum carbonarium, $Orb. et Zafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 25 ; aVOrb. 
Toy., Ois. p. 373, t. Iviii. fig. 1. 
Diglossa carbonaria, Bridges, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 29; ScL et Sah. Nbmencl. 

p. 15; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 596; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, 
1 . DIGLOSSA. 
p. 273; Reich. Handb. p. 232, i. dlii. f. 3755, ot t. dliii. IF. 3700, 
87(51; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 107; id. Hand-l i. p. 118: Scl Ibis. 
1875, p. 213. 
Above blacky lesser wing-coverts and uropygium grey; below 
cinereous, throat and breast black, crissum pale chestnut-reel; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of remiges pale grey ; bill black; 
feet flesh-coloured: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2. 

Hob. Andes of Bolivia. 

A well-marked species discovered by d'Orbigny in the Ancles of 
Bolivia, and also obtained by Bridges at an altitude of from 8000 
to 10,000 feet. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bolivia (d'Orb.). Sclater Coll. (One of 
d'Orbigny's types.) 
b, c. tf ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. <S ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [O.]. 
8. Diglossa major. 
Diglossa major, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 076 ; id. Mus. Hein. i. 
p. 98 j Beich. Ilandb. p. 230, .t. dli. b. f. 4065 - Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 15- Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 118• Scl Ibis, 1875, p. 214 ; 
Salv. Ibis} 1885, p. 206. 
Above black, with linear stripes on the rachides of the feathers 
and the margins of the wing- and tail-feathers obscure blue ; sides 
of head black; below paler, more cinereous ; crissum chestnut; bill 
plumbeous; feet horn-colour: whole length 6-7 inches, wing 3-4, 
tail 3-2. 

Hab. Roraima Mountains, British Guiana, alt. 6000 feet. 

a. 
S ad. sk. British Guiana (Schom- Sclater Coll. (One of 
burgh). the types ofD. major.) 
b, c. 
S; d, e. J Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (Whitely). 

9. Diglossa lafresiiayi 
Uncirostrum lafresna^i, Boiss. JRev. Zool 1840, p, 4. 
Diglossa lafresnayii, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 137; Gray, Hand-l 


i. p. 119 ; Sclater, T. Z. S. 1855, p. 138; id. Cat. A. B. p. 40; id. 
IUs, 1875, p. 214; Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 07; Bp, Consp. i. p. 401; 
Beich. Handb. p. 231, t. dliii. f. 3757; Cass. Br. Ac. Sc. Phi 18(54, 
p. 274; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 15 j Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885^ 
p. 75 (Ecuador). 
Agrilorhinus bonapartii, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 22. 
Diglossa intermedia, Cab. Mm Hein.i.^. 97; Beich. Handb. p. 231(F). 
Black with metallic reflections ; upper wing-coverts bluish grey ; 

under wing-coverts and inner margins of remiges cinereous; bill and 

feet black: whole length 5*8 inches, wing 3, tail 2*6* 

Hal. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
CCEREBIDJE. 

c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
V- Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10. Diglossa humeralis. 
Agrilorhinus Immeralis, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 22. 
Diglossa humeralis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 27 (note); Reich, Handb. 


p. 231, t. dlii. f. 3754; Casein, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1804, p. 275; 
Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 119; Wyaft, Ibis, 1871, p. iJ24; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 15 ; Scl. Cat, A. B. p. 49 ; id. Ibis, 1875; p. 215. 
Black with slight metallic reflections; uropygiimi passing into 
cinereous ; upper wing-coverts hoary grey; inner margins of wing-
feathers cinereous : whole length 5-7 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*4. 

Sab. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. 
Yery similar to D. lafresnayi, but smaller; perhaps its female. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
/, y. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
'h. Ad. sk. Pamplona, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


i. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
11. Diglossa aterrima. 
Diglossa aterrima, Lafr. Rev, Zool. 1846, p. 319 • Bp. Consp. i. p. 401 ; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 138, et 1858, p. 551; id, Cat. A. B. 

p. 49 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 216; Reich. Handb. p. 232, t. dliii. f. 3759; 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 275; Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 119 * 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 15; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 224, et 1880, 
p. 193 * id. Orn. PSrou, I p. 419; Solo, et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 119 : 
Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 287. 
Uniform black; inner webs of remiges passing into cinereous: 
bill and feet black : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-5. 
Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru, and Sierra Nevada of Santa 
Marta. 

a-c. tf ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Salvin-Godman Coll 
Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). 

d. Ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Sclater Coll 
Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). 
e. Jr. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll 
g. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(Buckley). 
h. Ad. sk. Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk.; j. Jr. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll 
sk. 
k. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll 
I. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
1 . DIGLOSSA. 
12. Diglossa albilateralis. 
Diglossa albilateralis, 
Lafr. Pev. Zool 1848, p. 90, et 1840, p. 317; 
Mater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 138, et 1859, p. 138 j id. Cat. A. B. p. 48; 
id. Ibis, 1875, p. 210, pi. v. figs. 1 d, 2 $ ; Bp. Camp. i. p. 401; 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1804, p. 275; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1870, 

p. 780 ; iicl Nomencl p. 15; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 224,1880, p. 193 ; id. Orn. Permt, i. p. 418 ; Sah. et Godm. 
Ibis, 1880, p. 119 (S. Marta); Berl. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 285 (Buearamanga); 
Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 287 (W. Ecuador); 
Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 75 (Ecuador). 
Dark cinereous; axillaries, flanks, and under wing-coverts pure 
white ; bill and feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2. 
Female. Dark rufous olive ; wings and tail blackish, with the edges 
of wing-coverts and secondaries rufescent; below buffy rufous, flanks 
white. 

Hab. Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
The white flanks distinguish this widely spread species in both 
sexes and in all ages. 
a<l-s^

a, b. $ 2 Venezuela {Dyson). Purchased. 

c. J ad. sk. Aragua, Venezuela. Purchased. 
d, e. S ad. et J jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/, g-d $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5 ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Purchased. 

i. 
$ ad. sk. Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
<$ ad. sk. Retiro, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 


mon). 
k, 1. 6 ? ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Sah in-Godinan Coll. 
(Salmon). 
m, d ad. sk. ; n. d San Sebastian, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Si7)ions). 

0. 
d ad.; p. d] r. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
d ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 




(Fraser). 

r. 
d jr.sk.; s. § ad. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
t. d ad.sk. Tmibillo,!*em (Stolz7nann). Sclater Coll. 
13. Diglossa plumbea. 
Dmlossa plumbea, Cab. J. f. 0. 1800, p. 411 j Laior. Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y. ix. p. 97 j v. Franiz. J. f. O. 18(59, p. 297 ; Salvin, P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 185 : Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 275 ; Scl. et Sah. 
Nomencl. p. 15 ; Scl. Ibis, 1875, p. 217; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 54; Sah. et Godm. Biol. C.-A,, Aves, i. p. 243, tab. xv. a. %g. 
let % 
Plumbeous, head darker; wings and tail blackish; below paler, 
middle of belly whitish; under wing-coverts cinereous; bill black 
at point, base of lower mandible pale; feet hazel: whole length 
4*3 inches, wing 2'2, tail 1*6. Female. Greyish olive; wings and 
tail blackish ; wing-coverts with rufous edgings. 


Bob. Costa Rica and Veragua. 

CCEREBIDJE. 

10 

A small, nearly uniformly coloured species, first detected in Costa 
Eica by V. Erantzius, and extending southwards to Chiriqui. 

Costa Rica Saivin-Godman Coll, 

a, b. <$ ad. ; c. $ Irazu distr. 
ad. sk. ..(Rogers). 


d. 
<$ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Van Patten). Sclater Coll. 
e. 
<J ad. &k.; /, g. Southern Slope, Volcan de Saivin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). Saivin-Godman Coil. 

h. 
a ad. sk. 
i. 
§ ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll 
14. Diglossa personata. 
Agrilorhinus personatus, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 23. 
Uncirostrum cyaneurn, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 102. 
Diglossa cyanea, Gray et Mitch. Gen. h.i. p. 137; Bp. Consp. i. 


p. 401; Jard. Contr. 1849, p. 44. 
Diglossa melanops, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. x. i. p. 294 
Diglossa personata, Hartl. Syst. Vers. p. 19 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, 
p. 138, 1858, p. 557, et 1859, p. 138; id. Cat. A. B. p. 49; id. Ibis, 
1875, p. 218 j Reich. Handb. p. 231, t. dlii. f. 3753; Tsch. F. P., 
Orn. p. 237; Casein, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 274; Cab. Mus. 
Hem. i. p. 98 ; Gray, Hand4. i. p. 119; TOGS. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 511, 
1880, p. 193, et 1883, p. 8 ; id. Orn. Perou, i. p. 421; Set. et Sate. 
Nomencl p. 15: iid. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 496, 59G; Berl J. f. O. 
1884, p. 285 (Bucaramangaj; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 287; 
Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 75 (Ecuador). 
Dull purplish blue, wings and tail black, with edgings like the 
body; front, sides of head, and throat black; bill and feet black: 
whole length 5*8 inches, wing 3, tail 2-5. Female. Like the male, 
but rather smaller, and duller in colour, especially below. 

Hab. Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Saivin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater CoU. 
e,f. <$ 2 ad. sk. Retiro, Antioquia (Salmon). Saivin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater CoU. 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Saivin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
i. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Saivin-Godman Coll. 
J. 
Ad. sk. SanLucas,Ecuador (Buckley). Saivin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Saivin-Godman Coll. 
I. Jr. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Eraser [C.j. 
m. $ ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
n. 
2 ad. sk. Pinipi, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Kawarani, Bolivia (Buckley). Saivin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Tilotilo, BoHvia (Buckley). Sclater CoU. 
q. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Saivin-Godman CoU. 
15. Diglossa indigotica. 
Diglossa indigotica, 
Sclater, Ann. Sr Mag. N. II. ser. 2, xvii. p 467 
(1856); id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 85; id. Cat. A. B. p. 49; id. Ibis 
1875, p. 218 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1804, p. 274 ; 'Gray, Hand-l. 

i. p. 119; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 15; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885 
p. 75. 
? 
2 . D1GL0SS0PIS. 
Deep purple-blue; wings and tail black, edged with blue; lores 
black; bill and feet black: whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-4. 
Hob. Andes of Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Foot of Pichincha, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whymper). 
c~ Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
16. Diglossa glauca. 
Diglossa glauca, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 253, et 1879, p. 596. 
Dark cinereous, with slight blue edgings to the feathers; wings 
and tail black, similarly edged; below rather darker; inner margins 
of remiges pale ashy; bill horn-colour, base of lower mandible pale 
yellow ; feet dark brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1-6. 
Female. Above olive, beneath ochraceous; wings and tail dark brown 
with margins like the back; bill and feet brown, with the base of 
the lower mandible whitish. 

Bab. Andes of Bolivia. 

Only known from the typical pair obtained by Buckley. The 
species is somewhat similar to D. indigotica, but smaller and of much 
duller colour. 

a. c? ad. sk. Nairapi, Bolivia (BueUey). \ m f f, . N 
es ot the sP.ecies'J 

b. $ ad. sk. Bolivia (C. Buckley). \ ^ 
2. DIGKLQSSOPXS. 
Type. 
Diglossopis, Scl. Ann. fy Mag. N. B. ser. 2, xvii. 

p. 407 (1856) ,... > D. c^erulescens. 
The single species of this genus somewhat resembles Diglossa per-
sonata in plumage, but is at once distinguishable by its more slender 
and less hooked bill, the upper mandible being but just incurved over 
the lower. It is found in the higher Andes from Venezuela through 
Colombia and Ecuador to Central Peru. The nest and eggs obtained 
by Salmon in Antioquia in 1877 resemble those of Diglossa. 

1. Diglossopis caerulescens. 
Diglossopis caerulescens, Scl Ann. fy Mag. N. B. ser. 2, xvii. p. 467 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 40 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 219; Qray> BancU i. p. 119 
Scl HSalv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 627, 1879, p. 496; iid. Nomencl p. 15 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 225, 1882, p. 8 
id." Orn. Perou, i. p. 422. 

Diglossa caerulescens, JBerl J. f. 0. 1884, p. 286 (Bucaramanga). 
Diglossa personata J , Beich. Bandb. p. 231, t. dlii. f. 3752. 

Bluish cinereous, below paler; belly and crissum more ashy; 
wings and tail black with margins similar to the back; front, lores, 

 C0EREBID2G. 

and chin black: whole length 6 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*3. Female 
similar to male. 
Bab. Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Salle). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. S ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
HP.]d. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
ftff-(52 ad.sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia,U.S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon), 
h. § ad. sk. Tarnbillo, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 

Subfamily II. DACNIDINiE. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. 
Bill thin, elongated, about as long as the head; 
( wings rather long, tail short 3. OREOMANES, p. 12. 
I wings shorter, tail longer 4. CONIROSTRUM,P. 13. 
b. Bill short, thick, Parine in form 5. XENODACNIS, p. 17. 
c. 
Bill short, stout, rather widened at base. 
, m -i A . f bill very short 6. HEMIDACNIS, p. 17. 
«. Tail moderated -.-n T 
J, „ -n ^XTT„ -,'Qr 
1 bill short 7. DACNIS, p. 18. 
b'. Tail short 8. CERTHIDEA, p. 27. 

3. 
OREOMANES. 
Type. 
Oreomanes, Sclater, P. Z. S. I860, p. 75 0. fraseri. 

Bill and foot of Oreomanes. (P. Z. S. 1860, p..75.) 

This is an exaggerated form of Conirostrum, distinguished by its 
larger size, longer wings, and shorter tail. Only one species is known. 

1. Oreomanes fraseri. 
Oreomanes fraseri, Sol P. Z. S. 1860, p. 75, pi. 159; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 49; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 15; Tacz. et Perl P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 76. 
Conirostrum (Oreomanes) fraseri, Gh-ay, Hand-l i. p. 119. 
4 . CONIROSTRUM. 
13 

Above cinereous; wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts and 
secondaries margined with cinereous; ear-coverts white ; superciliaries 
and body below deep chestnut; under wing-coverts and thighs 
white : whole length 6*3 inches, wing 3"5, tail 2*4. 

Hah. Andes of Central Ecuador, alt. 14,000 feet. 

Discovered on Chimborazo by Eraser in 1859, and occasionally 
since brought in collections from Quito. In 1876 Mr. C. Buckley 
obtained a single specimen at Sical in Eastern Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Panza, Ecuador (Frascr). 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Purchased. 

4. COEIROSTBUM. 
Type. 
Conirostrum, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 25 (1838).. C. cinereum. 
This genus contains a group of about eight small species, distin


guished by their straight, pointed, conical bills, and found only in 
the higher Andean forests from Colombia to Bolivia. The sexes are 
similar, except in G. alh'frons and C. atrocyanemn. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Abdomen rufous. 
a Throat black \ suPerciliai'ies blaek .... 1. sitticolor, p. 13. 
a. lMoat Diacis j superciliaries blue . _ 2. cyaneum, p. 14. 
b. Throat like the belly • 
J superciliaries rufous 3. rufimi, p. 14. 
I superciliaries white 4. ferrugineivenfre, p. 15. 
B. Below uniform pale fuscous 5. fraseri, p. 15. 
C. Below uniform cinereous 6. cinereum, p. 15. 
D. 
Below black; 
j back bluish; cap white 7. aJbifrom, p. 16. 
j back black ; cap blue 8. atrocyanemn, p. 16. 
1. Conirostrum sitticolor. 
Conirostrum 
sitticolor, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 102; Sel. P. Z. S. 
1855, pp. 75, 138; id. Cat A. B. p. 40; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. 

p. 102, pi. 34 ; Bp. Consp. I p. 402 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, 
p. 272 ; Gray, Hand-L i. p. 119 : ScL etSah. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 780 
(Venezuela) ; iid, Nomencl. p. 15 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 193 ; id, 
Orn. Perou, i. p. 423 ; Tacz. etBerl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 75 (Ecuador). 
Conirostrum bicolor, Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 275. 

Above dull purple; head, wings, and tail black; wing-coverts and 
secondaries edged with purple; below deep rusty red; throat and 
neck black like the head; under wing-coverts red; inner margins 
of wing-feathers cinerascent; bill and feet black : whole length 4*5 
inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*1. Female similar. 

Bab. Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and 1ST. Peru. 

CCEKEBIM. 

Originally described from Bogota skins, but extends into Ecuador 
and N. Peru on the one side and Venezuela (Andes of Merida) on 
the other. 


a. 
J ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Goering). 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.; e. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Buckley). 
L Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Cull. 


2. Conirostnun cyaneitia. 
Couirostrani cvaneum, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 512 j id. Orn. Perou, 
i. p. 423; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 500. 
Above dark purple: head black, with broad superciliaries and sides 

of neck purple like the 
back; wings and tail black, wing-coverts 

and secondaries edged with purple; below deep ferruginous red ; 

throat and fore neck black with a strong purplish gloss; under 

wing-coverts rufous; inner margins of wing-feathers cinerascent: 

whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-0, tail 2-1. Female similar. 

Hah. Andes of Central Peru and Bolivia. 

This species only differs 
from 0. sitticolor in its purple superci


liaries and the bluish gloss on the fore neck. 

«, h. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Cull. 

3. Conirostrimi rufum. 
Conirostrum rufum, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1843, sub tab. 35 (1843); ScL 
P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 75,138 • id. Cat. A. B. p. 50 ,• Camn, IV. Ac. 
Sc% Phil. 1864; p. 272 j JScL et Salv. JSTomencl. p. 15; Wyatt, Ibis, 
1871, pp. 128, 324. 
Dacnis rufo-cinerea, JBjp. Atti Scienz. It 1845, p. 404; id. Consp. i. 

p. 401. 
Above cinereous ; wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts edged 
with grey and secondaries with whitish; front, superciliaries, and 
body beneath deep chestnut-red ; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers whitish ; bill and feet dark brown : whole 
length 4*5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2*2. Female similar. 

Hah. Andes of Colombia. 

Not uncommon in "Bogota" collections, and recently obtained by 
Mr. Simons on the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, at 9200 feet 
altitude. 

a. Ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Sclater Coll. 
Marta (Simons). 
b, o. <$ $ ad, sk Sierra Nevada de Santa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Marta (Simons). 

d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
4 . CONIEOSTRUM. 
15 

4. Couirostrum ferrugiueiveutre. 
Oonirostrum ferrugineiventre, Scl. P. Z. S.1855, p. 74, Ave% pl.lxxxv.: 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678, 1870, p. 506; iicl Nomencl. 

p. 15; Gray, IIand4. i. p. 110; Tacz. P. Z. S.1874, p. 511 ; id. Orn. 
Perou, i. p. 424. 
Above plumbeous, wings and tail blackish, edged with plumbeous ; 
cap blackish; superciliaries white; beneath bright ferruginous brown; 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white ; bill 
and feet blackish. "Whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2-L 

Hah. Andes of Bolivia and Southern Peru. 

Easily known from 0. rufum by its white superciliaries. 

a. Ad. sk. Cackupata, Peru ( Wldtely). Sclater Coll. 
5. Conirostrum fraseri. (Plate II. fig. 1.) 
Oonirostrum fraseri, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 452,1860, p. 65; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 50; Gray, Hand-l i. p. 110; Scl et Salv. Nomencl 

p. 15; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 288 (Ecuador) ; iid. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 76. 
Above cinereous, somewhat rufescent; wings and tail blackish ; 
tips of greater wing-coverts, edges of secondaries, and speculum at 
the base of the primaries white; superciliaries and body below pale 
fuscous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
white; bill and feet dark brown : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*3, 
tail 2'2m Female similar. 

Hah. Andes of Western Ecuador. 
Discovered by Fraser in Ecuador, and not yet obtained elsewhere. 


a. Ad.sk.; h. Jr. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e,f. (S 2 ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador(Buckley). 
Cuenca, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Ecuador (Fraser). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.)' 
Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Purchased. 

6. Couirostrum cinereum. 
Oonirostrum cinereum, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 25; d?Orb. Voy., 
Ois. p. 374, t. 40. fig. 1 ; Tack. F. P., Orn. p. 236; Cab. J. f. O. 
1873, p. 64; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 102; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 984, 1868, p. 569, 1879, p. 506; iid. Nomencl p. 15; Cassin, 
Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1864, p. 272,- Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 119; Scl 
P. Z. S. 1873, P/ 780; Tacz. P. Z. S. '1874, p. 511,1879, p. 225; 
id. Orn. Perou, i. p. 425. 
Above pure cinereous; wings and tail blackish, tips of greater 
wing-coverts, edges of secondaries, and a small speculum at the base 
of the primaries white; superciliaries white; body below pale 
cinereous ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 

COSREBIDJE. 

white ; bill and feet dark brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 

2-5, tail 1-9. Female similar, but body beneath tinged with rufous. 

Eab. Andes of Bolivia and Peru. 

A southern representative of C. fraseri; always distinguishable by 

its greyer tinge above and much paler colour below. 

a9b. <$ $ ad. sk. Arequipa, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

c. Ad. sk. Arequipa, S.W. Peru Purchased, 
(Whitety). 
d. Ad. sk. S.W. Peru (Whiteh/). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Maraynioe, Peru (Jelskz). Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru {Nation). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia (D. Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
7- Conirostrum albifrons. 

Conirostrum albifrons, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1842, p. SOI; id. May. de 
ZooL 1843, Ois. t. 35; Bp. Consp. i. p. 4D'2; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 102; ScL P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 75, 133, et 1859, p. 138; Cassin, 
Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1804, p. 272; Gray, Hand-L i. p. 110; ScL Cat 
A. B. p. 50; ScL et Sah. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 496; iid. Xomencl p. 15. 
Conirostrum 
cssruleifrons, Lafr, Rev. ZooL 1842, p. 302; ScL Cat. 
^.P.p.50($). 

Above black, strongly glossed with purplish blue except on the 
back and sides of the neck; cap pure white ; wings and tail black, 
slightly edged with purplish blue; below black ; bill and feet black: 
whole length 5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 8*4. Yoiunj male. Like the 
adult, but with the cap blue, or blue mixed with white. Female. 
Above bright green, wings and tail blackish edged with green ; sides 
and back of neck dark cinereous; cap blue; throat and breast 
cinereous; belly pale green ; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of remiges whitish. 

Hah. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. 

The sexes of this bird were originally described by Lafresnaye as 
distinct species, but I find a nearly perfect series of specimens connecting 
the two plumages. 

a, b. 6 5 a<^-; e, Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

d. $ jr. sk. 
e,f. d $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<$ 2 a(i

y, k- *&. Santa Elena, U. S.C.(Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ijj. <$ ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Salmon). 
k,l <S 2 ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador {Buckley'). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. $ ad.sk. Yauayaca, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. cJ ? ad. st.; S. America. Purchased. 
p. 6 jr. »t. 
8. Conirostrum atrocyaneum. 
Conirostrum atrocyaneum, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1848, p. 9; Tacz. P Z S 
1874, p. 511, et 1879, p. 225; id. Orn. Perou/i.-p. 426; ScL ei Salvl 

P. Z. S.1879, p. 597; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 2SS (Ecuador). 
5 . XENODACNIS.—6. HEMIDACNIS. 
Aboye black; cap, uropygium, and upper wing-coverts shining 
blue• below black; bill black ; feet dark brown: whole length 4-5 
inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*2. Female (according to Taczanowski) with 
the cap clearer blue, back of neck cinereous, back green, rump yellowish, 
throat cinereous, and belly greenish yellow. 

Sab. Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

The adult of this species somewhat resembles the young male of 

C. albifrons, but is at once distinguishable by its black back. 
a> b. <$ ad. sk. Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Q-odman Coll. 
c <$ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Purchased. 

5. XENODACNIS. Typ a 
Xenodaenis, Cab. J.f. 0.1873, p. 311 
X. parina. 

This peculiar form is, as Dr. Cabanis has well observed, hard to 
place satisfactorily, but is better referred to the neighbourhood of 
Dacnis than to any other position. The bill is very Parine in form, 
but without any nasal bristles. There is no tenth primary apparent. 
The feet are strong. 

1. Xenodacnis parina. 
Xenodacnis parina, Cab. J. f. 0.1873, p. 312, tab. iv. %>. 1, 2* Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 510; id. Orn. Perou, i. p. 434. 
Uniform dull purplish blue, rather paler on the belly, brighter 
on the head and rump; wings and tail-feathers ashy black edged 
with blue; bill dark brown ; feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, 
wing 2*5, tail 2*1. Female (according to Cabanis) above brownish, 
cap blue; lesser wing-coverts and rump bluish; beneath reddish 
brown, middle of belly whitish. 

Hab. Central Peru. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Maraynioc, Peru (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. (One of the 
typical specimens.) 
6. HEMIDACOTS. 
Type. 
Hemidacnis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 50 (1862) H. albiventris. 
This is again a monotypic form, but much more nearly allied to 

Dacnis, from which it scarcely differs except in its shorter bill. 

1. Hemidacnis albiventris. 
Piprseidea albiventris, Sclater, Pev. Zool 1852, p. 8; id. Contr. Orn. 

1852, p. 131, pi. 100.fig. 1. 

Diva albiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 158. 

Hemidacnis albiventris, Scl Cat A. B. p. 50 • Cassm, Pr. Ac. Sc. 

Phil. 1864, p. 271 ,* Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 749, et 1873, 

p. 259; iid. Nomencl p. 16; Tacz. Orn. PSrou, i. p. 427. 
Dacnis albiventris, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 118. 
Above bright purplish blue; front, lores, and ear-coverts black; 
VOL. xi. ° 

CGBKJBBID.3E. 

wings and tail black, the wing-coverts and secondaries with edgings 
like the back; below as above, but the middle of the abdomen and 
crissum pure white ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-
feathers white ; bill and feet black : whole length 4*1 inches, wing 
2-4, tail 1-6. Female. Above green, brighter on the rump; wings 
and tail blackish, edged with green; below greenish yellow, brighter 
on the middle of the belly. 

Hob. Colombia, Ecuador, and Eastern Peru. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Arna- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
zons (Bartlett). 
h. tf jr. sk. Xeberos, Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. 
<$ $ ad. sk. Xeberos, Peruvian Amazons Sclater Coll. 
{Bartlett). 

e. S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. S ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
g. (S ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
h. 6 jr- sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
7. DAOTIS. T, pe. 
Dacnis, Cm. Regn. An. L p. 395 (1817) D. cayana. 
Cyanodacnis, Casein, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1864, p. 266 .. 1). cayana. 
Polidaenis, Cassin, op. cit. p. 209 I), angelica. 
Eudacnis; Cassin, op. cit. p. 270 D. flaviventris. 
Ateleodacnis, Cassin, ibid 1). leueogenys. 

This genus contains about thirteen species extensively distributed 
in the Neotropical Eegion from Nicaragua down to the southern 
limits of the Brazilian wood-region. They are forest-loving birds, 
and occur at low rather than at high elevations, though some of 
the species are certainly met with only in the higher Subandean 
valleys. 

In the first nine or ten, more typical, members of the group the 
males are clad in very brilliant plumage, and differ much from the 
sombre females ; but, as is often the case, in some of the more 
aberrant species the plumages of the two sexes are nearly similar. 

Keg to the Species. 

A. Head blue: interscapulium black. 
a. Throat black. 
a'. Feet red. 
Body bright blue 1. cayana, p. 19. 
Body purplish 2. ecerebieolor, p. 21. 

V. Feet black 
3. nir/ripes, p. 21. 
l ' F

b. Throat blue
c'. Sides of head black j 
J* middle of belly white 4. angelica, p. 22. 
1 middle of belly yellow .j. egregia, p. 22. 

d\ Sides of head blue 
0. mgicieri, p. 23. 

B. Plead green; abdomen yellow 7. Jlcwiventris. v>*23. 
C. Head blue; abdomen black 
8. venusta, p. 24. 
D. Head black j abdomen silvery green 9. pidchermna, p. 24. 
7 . DACNIS. 
19 

E. General plumage grey. 
e'. Crissuin chestnut. 
a". Cap black; "back grey 10. leucogenys, p. 25. 
b". Cap grey like the back; 

J below bluish grey 11. analis, p. 25. 
1 below whitish grey 12. hpeciosa, p. 26. 
/' . Crissuin like the belly 13. plwnbea, p. 26. 

F. 
Male unknown ; female above dark yellowish 
olive 14. salmoni, p. 27. 
1. Dacnis cayana. 
Sylvia cayanensis cserulea, JBriss. Orn. iii. p. 534. 
Blue Manakin, Edwards, Birds, pi. 263. 
Motacilla cayana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 336. 
Le Pipit bleu de Cayenne, Daub. PI Mnl 669. fig. 1 (tf). 
Grrimpereau verd de'BrSsil, Daub. PI Mil. 578. fig. 1 ($). 
Fringilla cyanomelas, Gm. S. 2V. i. p. 924. 
Motacilla cyanocephala, Gm. S. N. i. p. 990 (J). 
Nectarinia bicolor, Beckl. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Mosc. i. p. 378, pi. xxiii. 
Nectarinia cyanocephala, Sw. Zool.Hl. ser. i. pi. 117 (§). 
Ccereba cserulea, Max. Beitr. ii. p. 7^6. 
Dacnis cyanater, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 458; oVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. 


p. 21. 
Dacnis cyanomelas, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 153; JReichenb. Handb. 
p. 227; Berlepsch, J.f. 0. 1873, p. 235. 
Dacnis cayana, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 15; Bp. Consp. i. p. 400; 
ScL Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 106; id. Cat A. B. p. 50; id. P. Z. S. 
1854, pp. 110, 252, 1855, p. 137, 1858, p. 452; id. Ibis, 1863, 

p. 313; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 268 j Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 
p. 81 (Trinidad); ScL et Sato. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 179,1867, pp. 570, 
749, 977, 1873, p. 259, 1875, p. 237, 1879, pp. 496, 597; iid. 
Komencl p. 16; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 185; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 313; 
Layard, 1Mb, 1873, p. 378 (Lower Amazons) ; Leotaud, B. of 
Trinidad, p. 124; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 510,1882, p. 9; id. Orn. 
Perou, i. p. 428; Salv. et Godm. Biol. C.~A., Av-es, i. p. 244; Salv. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 207 (Brit. Guian.). 
Dacnis C} anocephala, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 102; cP Orb. Voy., Ois. 

p. 221; Cab. m Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 675. 
Dacnis nigripes, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1864, p. 269. 
Dacnis coerebicolor, Later. Ann. L. N. T. vii. p. 291. 
Dacnis ultramarina, Laiur. Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1864, p. 106; id. Ibis, 
1865, p. 106; id. Ann. Lyc. K Y. viii. p. 179, ix. p. 97; Sol et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1864, p. 348; iid. Nomencl p. 16; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 
1864:, p. 269; Salv. et Godm. Biol C.-A., Aces, i. p. 244. 
Shining blue, with a greenish tinge ; interscapulium, front, lores, 
and throat black; wings and tail black; wings edged with blue; 
under wing-coverts and underside of wings cinereous; bill horncolour 
; feet flesh-colour : whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-6. 
Female. Bright green; head blue ; throat cinereous. 

Hob, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and South America down 
to S. Brazil and Bolivia. 

In some specimens from Panama and northwards (B. tdtramarina 
of Lawrence) the male is distinguishable by its deeper shining blue 
colour, with less greenish tinge. But I can only regard this form 

c 2 

CCEBEBIDJE. 

as a subspecies, especially as some of the Chiriqni specimens agree 
completely with Guianan skins*. 

a. 8 jr. sk. 
I. 8 ad. sk 
c, d. 8 2 ad. sk. 
«>/. cJ jr. sk j <?. 
5 ad. sk. 
h 8 ad. sk. 

i. <£ ad. sk. 
j, &• c? $ ad. sk. 
/. S ad. sk. j m, 

n. 2 ad. sk. 
«. 8 ad. sk. 

6, c. <$ $ ad. sk. 

d c? ad. sk.; e. 8 

jr. sk. 
/ . <5 ad. sk. 

g. 8 ad. sk. 
A. <5 ad. sk. 
*. <£ ad. sk. 

y. 2 a<3-sk. 
&. <5 ad. sk. 

I, m. 8 2 ad. sk. 

n. 8 ad. sk. 
o. $ ad. sk. 
p. J ad. sk. 
q. 8 ad. sk. 
% s. 8 2 a(h s^r 


 aa^*s^* 

tf 2 ad. sk. 

w7 x. 8 ad. sk.; y. 
2 ad. sk. 

c. <5 ad. sk. 
a\ V. 8 2 ad* sk


a. Subsp. ultramarina. 
Chontales,Nicaragua (Belt). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
HhoTitfllfts-NiWaira

OkontaleSj Nicaragua
aa (Jan- 
(Jan-(Jan


son). 
Veragua {Arce). 
Chepo, Veragua (Arce). 

Veragua {Arce). 
Lion Hill, Panama 

(McZeannan), 
Panama (McZeannan). 
Isthmus of Panama 

(McLeannan)* 

b. Subsp. typica, 
Volcan de Ckiriqui (Arce) 
Bugaba, Ckiriqui (Arce). 
Bogota. 

Pebas, E. Peru (Haiaiccll).
Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buck


let}). 
Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia (Buckley). 
Trinidad. 
Bartica Grove, British Gui


ana (Wliitely). 
Roraima, British Guiana

(WJiitely). 

Boraima, British Guiana

(Wktiely). 

Camacusa, British Guiana

(Wliitely). 

British Guiana (Schom


burgh). 
Cayenne. 

Para, Lower Amazons 

(Wallace). 

Pernambuco, Brazil (W* 

A. Forbes). 
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). 
Bio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Bio Claro, Goyaz, BrazO

 sk(Joytier).

a<*

Pelotas, Bio Grande doe'. c? a&* sk. Sul, Brazil (Joyner). 
/ . ? ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner)*

Brazil.

c', tf. c? 2-


Salvin-Godman Coil. 

Purchased. 
Salvin-Gocbian Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salnn-Godman Coll. 

Sclafer Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coil 
""Purclia-tsd. 
Salvin-Godmuu Cull. 

Salvin-Gudman ColL 
SaIviii-(Jr< tdnian Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
SalviB-Godz&aa Coll, 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Purchased. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman CoU. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Col. 
, „ 
Salvin-Godman CoU, 

Salvin-Godman CoU. 
Purchased. 

* Of. Salvin and Godman, Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 244. 
7 . DAC203. 
2. Dacnis ccerebicolor. (Plate III.) 
Daciiis 
coerehicolor, Sclater, Contr, Orn. 1851, p. 106 j id. P. Z. S. 
1854, p. 252,1855, p. 137; id.Cat. A. B.-p. 51; id.Ibis, 1863,p.314 j 
#ra?/, Hand-L i. p. 117; 7Fya#, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 (Bucaramanga): 
Sol ei Salt. P. Z* 8.1879, p. 497; iid. Nomencl p. 16; Berlepsch, 

J. f. O.1884^ p. 286 (Bucaramanga). 
Arbelorhiaa ccerebicolor, Mekhenh. Sandb. p. 236. 
Beep purple-blue; front, lores, interscapulium, wings, and tail 
black; wing-coverts and secondaries with blue edgings like the 
back; below blue as above; cbin and throat-patch black; bill horncolour, 
darker at tip; feet earneous: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 
2*8, tail 1*9. Female. Green; cap blue * throat cinereous, like that 
of D. cayana. 

Hab. Andes of Colombia. 

This species, first described from a Bogota " skins, was met with 
by Mr. "Wyatt at Bucaramanga (about 2000 feet above the sea-level) 
and in the province of Antioquia by Mr, Salmon. In distribution 
of colour it exactly resembles D. cayaim, but is at once distinguishable 
hj its dark purple plumage. 

a. $ ad. sk.
k <$ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. (Type of 
species.) 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
e. (S ad. sk.
d. J ad. sk.
e. <$ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bemedios, Antioquia 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon), 

3. Dacnis aigripes. 
1804, p. 209; Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 117; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 10; Berlepsch, J.f.O.1873, p. 237. 
Bright blue, nearly as in D. cayana; interscapulium, front, lores, 
and large gular patch black; wiugs and tail black; wing-coverts, 
secondaries, and central tail-feathers edged with blue; bill and feet 
black: whole length 4-4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*5. Female. 
Brownish olive; cap and rump tinged with blue ; below pale ochraceous. 


Sab. S.E. Brazil. 

Only known from S.E. Brazil, where Beske discovered it near 
¥ovo Eriburgo, and transmitted ten specimens to the Vienna 
Museum. Easily distinguishable from D. cayana by its bluish feet 
and short tail. 

a 
b tf 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil (Beske). Sclater Coll. 

c. ? ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll 
CCEKEBID^S. 

4. Dacnis angelica. 
Le Pipit bleu de Cayenne, Daub. PI Bnl. 669. fig. 2 ((J). 
Sylvia cayana y, Lath. Bid. Orn. p. 540. 
Sylvia cayana, Vieill. Gal. Ois. p. 269, pi. 165. 
Dacnis cayana, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 102 ; d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. 


p. 20; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 37; CaS. z/i Scliomb. Guian. iii. 
p. 675; Bp. Consp. i. p. 400; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 153; Pelzebi, 
Orn. Bras. p. 25. 
Dacnis angelica, Be Filippi, Atti sesta Biwi. Sc. It. p. 404 (1845); 
id. Cat. Mm. Mediol (1847); Bp. Consp. i. p. 400; Scl. Contr. 
Om. 1851, p. 107; id. P. Z. S. Ifc54, pp. 110, 252, 1855, p. 137, 
1857, p. 263 ; id. Ibis, 1863, p. 315 ; Tacz. Orn. Permt, i. p. 429 ; 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 207 (Brit. Guian.). 

Dacnis raelanotis, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 16 ; Scl Cat A. B. 

p. 51 ; id. Ibis, 1863, p. 315; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1864, p. 269 ; 
Scl et Salt). P. Z. S. Ib66, p. 179 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 749 (E. Peru), 
p. 977 (Pebas), 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru), p. 259 (E. Peru), 1879, 
p. 597; iid. Nomencl p. 16. 
Dacnis archangelica, Bp. Cat. Ois. de Cayenne, p. 7. 
Bright blue; broad front, sides of the head and neck, and interscapulium 
jet-black; wings and tail black; secondaries edged externally 
with blue; middle of belly, crissum, thighs, under wing-
coverts, and inner margins of wing-feathers pure white; bill and 
feet black: whole length 3'2 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1-5. Female. 
Above slaty brown with an olive tinge; beneath much paler, more 
cinereous ; under wing-coverts white. 

Hah. Colombia, the Guianas and Amazonia, extending to Eastern 
Peru and Bolivia. 


The name " angelica " was originally intended for the Colombian 
variety of this widely diffused bird, which was formerly miscalled 
B. cayana (cf. Strickland, I. s. o.). But as the Colombian and 
Guianan forms are quite inseparable, and as Strickland's "melanotis" 
bestowed on the Guianan bird, bears a more recent date, 
" angelica" becomes the correct name of the species wherever it 
occurs. 

a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. <$ J ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Qui- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ana ( Whitely). 

e. cJ ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
/. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 6 ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
h, i. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
j, h. S 2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 
I, m. <$ ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. $ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (HauvioelT). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

p. cf ad. sk. Ucayali Eiver, E, Peru. Purchased. 
q,r. cTjr.,et$ad.st. S. America. Purchased. 
5. Dacnis egregia. 
Dacnis 
egregria, Scl P. Z. S. 1854, p. 252, 1855, p. 137, 1860 
pp. 6of 292; id. Cat A. B. p. 51, pi. vii.; id. Ibis} 1863, p. 316; 

7 . DACNTS. 
23 
Gray, Band4. i. p. 317; Scl et Salv. P. Z.S.1879, p. 497 (Antio


quia) ; id. Nomenel. p. 16; Berkpsch, J.f. 0. 1884, p. 280 (Buca


ramanga). 

Dacnis egregia asquatorialis, Berl. J. f. 0, 1873, p. GO; Berl et Tmz. 

P. Z. S.1883, p. 543. 
Bright "blue; broad front, sides of head and neck, and interscapulium 
glossy black; wings and tail black ; secondaries edged externally 
with blue; middle of belly, crissum, thighs, and under wing-
coverts sulphur-yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 4-3 
inches, wing 2-5, tail 1*5. Female. Above olive-brown, wings and 
tail brown; tail beneath paler; abdomen yellowish. 

Bah. Interior of Colombia and Western Ecuador. 

In skins from "Western Ecuador (subsp. cequatorialis) the blue 
colour has a more greenish hue. This species is nearly similar to 
JD. angelica, except in having the abdomen and under wing-coverts 
bright yellow instead of white. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
6, c. <$ 2 a(^-s^* Bogota. Purchased. 
d,e. $ <j> ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/. 
S ad. sk. Bemedios, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mon). 

b. Subsp. cequatorialis, 
a, b. c? ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. <5 § ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. $ ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, g. 
d> $ ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fra~ Sclater Coll. 
sei%). 

6. Dacnis viguieri. 
Dacnis viguieri, Sak. et Godm. Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 246, tab. xv. a, 

fig. 3. 

Greenish blue; lores, interscapulium, and tail black; wings black; 
secondaries edged externally with greenish blue; under wing-
coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 
24, tail 2. (Oustulet.) 

Hal. Isthmus of Darien. 
Only known from the single specimen in the Paris Museum. 


a. Drawing from the typical specimen (Keulemans). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. Dacnis flaviventris. 
Dacnis flaviventris, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. AD. i. p. 21; Bp. Consp. I 
p 400 ; Scl Contr. Orn. 1851, pp. 108,114; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 252, 
1857, p. 263; id. Cat. A. B. p. 51; id. Ibis, 1863, p. 316; Cmvn, 
Pr. Ac. So. Phil 1864, p. 270; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 25; Gray 
et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 102; Gray, Hand-l i. p. 117 ; Scl et Sal v. 

P. Z. S. 1866, p. 179,1867, p. 977, 1873, pp. 185 et 259, 1879, 
p. 597 ; iid. Nomenel p. 16 ; Tacz. Orn. Perou, i. p. 431. 
Oonirostrum! flaviventre, Reichenb. Handb. p. 229. 
CCEBEBID2E. 

Bright yellow; front, sides of head, int erseapulium, throat-patch, 
wings, and tail black; cap bright green; under wing-coverts white; 
bill and feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1*5. 
Female. Olive-brown; beneath paler, somewhat ochreons; wings 
and tail dark brown. 

Hal. Eastern Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. 

A very distinct species, originally obtained by d'Orbigny in the 
forests of Yuracares, Bolivia; since received in several collections 
from Upper Amazonia. 

a. S ad. sk. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
d. <$ jr. sk. 
e. cS ad. sk. 
Ucayali. 
Lower Ucayali {JE. Bartlett). 
Pebas, E. Peru {Hauxwell). 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons 
{Whitely). 
Peruvian Amazons (Hauzwell). 
Purchased. 
Sclater CoU. 
Salvin-Godroan CoU. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 
/ , g. <S ad. sk. 
h, i. <$ ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Amazons (?). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
8. Dacnis vennsta. 

Dacnis, sp.; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 319. 
Dacnis yenusta, Laivr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 464, ix. p. 97 Scl. 
Ibis, 1863, p. 315, t. 7; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 348, 1879, 

p. 497 (Antioquia) ,* iid. Nomencl. p. 160; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 
1864, p. 269; Gray, Hand-l i. p. 117; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 185. 
Above bright blue; front, lores, space round the eyes, interscapuhum, 
wings, and tail glossy black: below glossy black; thighs 
scarlet; under wing-coverts whitish ; bill and feet black: whole 
length 4-5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1-6. Female. Above dirty greenish; 
rump bluish ; below ashy ochraceous. 

Hah. Costa Eica, Panama, and interior of Colombia. 

This species is readily distinguished by its scarlet thighs and 
glossy black under surface. It is best known from Costa Eica and 
Panama, but has also been obtained in Antioquia by Salmon. 

a, b. cT $ ad. sk ;c. <$ Tucurriqui, Costa Eica Salvin-Godman Coll. 

jr. sk. {Arce). 
d, e. $ $ ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
/ . <J ad. sk. Volcan de Cliiriqui {Arce). Sclater Coll. 

g. $ ad. sk. Bug-aba, Cliiriqui {Arce). Sclater Coll. 
h. J ad.sk. Cliiriqui {Arce). Sclater CoU. 
i, j» d $ ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
(S ad. sk. Eemedios, U.S. of CoSalvin-
Godman CoU. 
lombia {Salmon). 
9. Dacnis pnlcherrima. 
Dacnis 
pulcherrima, Sclater, Rev. Zool 1853, p. 480 • id P Z S 
1854, p. 252, et 1855, pp. 84, 137; id. Cat. A. B. p. 51, pl.Viii. * 
id. Ibis, 1863, p. 316: Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phi 1864, p. 570; Gray] 

7 . DACNIS. 
25 

Hand-l. i. p. 117; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl p. 16; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 510; id. Orn. Perou, i. p. 432. 
Dacnis pulckemrna, /3. aureinucha, Mdgw, Pr. U.S. N. M. 1878, 

p. 484; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 76. 
Above black; a distinct cervical collar pale golden yellow; middle 
of interscapulium and whole lower back pale silvery green; wings 
and tail black; margins of wing-coverts and slight edgings to secondaries 
and tail-feathers blue; below pale silvery green; throat 
black; tinder wing-coverts white ; bill black, pale at the base; feet 
dark brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*8. Female 
(probably) like the male. 

Hah. Interior of Colombia and Ecuador. 

This conspicuous species has rather a thicker bill than its congeners, 
and may possibly be a Tanager, as supposed by Du Bus. It 
was described from Bogota skins, but extends from Colombia into 
Ecuador under a very slightly different phase, which Mr. Bidgway 
has separated as a subspecies, having the nuchal band of a more 
golden tinge. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species,) 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp. aureinucha. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10. Dacnis leucogenys. 
Dacnis leueogenys, Lafr. R. Z. 1852, p. 470; Sclater, Ibis, 1863, 
p. 317; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1864, p. 270; Gray, Hand-l i. 
p. 117 ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 16. 
Above dark bluish grey; cap black; ear-coverts white; wings 

and tail blackish, edged with grey; below paler, whitish grey; cris


sum chestnut; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet blackish: 

whole length 3*6 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*4. Female. Above grey, 

wings and tail blackish; beneath pale yellowish; sides greyish. 

Hob. Interior of Colombia. 

Yery easily known by its black cap and red crissum; only yet 

met with in " Bogota " collections. 

a, b. c? ad. sk.; c. $ ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. $ ad. sk.; / . $ ad. sk, Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

11. Dacnis analis. 
Dacnis analis, $Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 21 (1837); Gray et Mitch 
Gen. B. i. p. 102; Scl $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 179, et 1873, 

p. 259; iid. Nomencl p. 16; Tacz. Orn. Perou, i. p. 432. 
2® 
CCEREBIDiE. 

Helinaia brevipennis, Giraud, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. v. p. 40 (1858) ($). 
Dacnis brevipermis, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 271 ($ ). 
Dacrds modesta, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 04; Toes. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 510, etl882,p. 9 ($*). 
Coiiirofatrnm, sp. inc., Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 17 (5). 
Above dark purplish blue ; wings aud tail blackish, edged with 

blue; beneath rather paler; crissum chestnut; under wing-coverts 

and the bases of the primaries white ; bill and feet blackish : whole 

length 4 inchos, wing 2'2, tail 1 *5. Female. Above green ; head 

grey; wings and tail blackish edged with green; below whitish ; 

flanks and crissum tinged with green. 

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, Peru, and Bolivia 

a. S ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. 
(S ad. sk. Ucayali, Penman Amazons Salvin-C-fodman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
d. c? ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Ucayali. Purchased. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stohmann). Sclatei Coll. 
g. J ad. sk. Maranura, Peiu ( Tlliitely). Sclater Coll. 
12. Dacnis speciosa. 
Sylvia speciosa, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 708. 
Dacnis speciosa, Scl. Contr. 0?*n. 1852, p. 101; id. P. Z. S. 1854, 


p. 252 $ id. Ibis, 1803, p. 317; id. Cat. A. B. p. 51; Reichenb. 
Handb. p. 228; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 270; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 20; Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 118$ Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 16. 
Sylvieola speciosa, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 117. 

Above slaty blue; wings and tail blackish, edged with blue ; below 
pale grey ; crissum chestnut; under wing-coverts and primaries at 
their bases white; bill grey; feet brown: whole length 4 inches, 
wing 2-2, tail 1-5. Female. Above greenish; head and neck grey; 
wings and tail blackish, edged with green ; below white tinged with 
ochreous ; under wing-coverts white ; bill pale, feet dark brown. 

Hab. "Wood-region of S.E. Brazil. 

This is a southern representative of the preceding species, and only 
distinguishable by its paler colour, especially below. 

a. <S ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. J 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. 
S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
13. Daaais plumbea. 
Sylvia plumbea, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 553 (1790). 
Dacnis plumbea, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 102; Tsch. F. P. 

p. 236 j Meichenb. Handb. p. 228; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 155 : 
Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 102 j id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 252; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 52 ; id. Ibis, 1863, p. 317 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1868, p, 627; iid. Nomencl p. 16 ; Tacz. Orn. Perou, i. p. 433. 
8. CEBTHIDEA.. 
Sylvia bicolor, Vieill. Ois. d'Am. Sept. ii. p. 32, pi. 90 (1807) ; id. 
Kouv. Diet. xi. p. 167; id. Enc. Meth. p. 431. 
Dacnis bicolor, Casein, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 270 ; Gray, Hand-l. 

i. p. 118. 
Dendrceca bicolor, Pelz. Oi-n. Bras. p. 71. 
Above pale bluish grey; wings and tail brown, edged with grey; 
beneath pale ochraceous; under wing-coverts white; bill horncolour 
; feet reddish : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*7. 
Female. Above pale olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged 
with brown ; beneath yellowish. 

Hob. Wood-region of S.E. Brazil; Yenezuela and Trinidad. 

«, h. <3 $ ad. sk. Tucacas, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
c. cf ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Pern (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. J ad. sk. Pernambuco (W. A. Forbes)* Sclater Coll. 
/ . 2 ad.sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Bahia. Sclater Coll. 
hj i. <S ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . djr.sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 

14. Dacnis salmoni. (Plate II. fig. 2.) 
Female. Above dark yellowish olive; wings and tail blackish 
brown, margined with yellowish olive; beneath white, breast and 
crissum with a rufous tinge; under wing-coverts pure white ; inner 
margins of wing-feathers pale yellow; bill brown; feet hazel: 
whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*5. 

Hob. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon). 
This is a female of what will doubtless prove to be a brilliantly 
coloured species of Dacnis. Cf. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 497. 

a. 
2 sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
8. CERTHIDEA. 
Type. 
Certhidea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 7 0. olivacea. 

Structure of Certhidea. (Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 477.) 

CCBREBIB^. 

This genus consists of two species peculiar to the Galapagos Archipelago. 
Its true place is perhaps a little uncertain, but it seems to 
come nearest to Gonirostrum and Dacnis. Prom Gonirostrum^ 
Gertldclea differs in having the wings and tail much shorter; but 
the form of the nostrils, the scutellation of the tarsi, arid the proportionate 
length of the toes are nearly alike in the two genera. 

1. CertMdea olivacea. 
Certhidea 
olivacea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 7; Darwin, Zool. Fog. 
Beagle, iii. p. 100, t. xliv.; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 323; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 16; Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 476. 

Above olive-brown ; wings and tail darker brown; wing-coverts 
slightly margined with pale brown ; below pale ochraceous brown; 
under wing-coverts white; bill pale brown, darker at the point; 
feet pale brown: whole length 3-8 inches, wing 2, tail V5. Female 
similar, but rather paler. 

Hah. Chatham, James, and Indefatigable Islands, Galapagos. 

a-c. Ad. sk. Galapagos (Darwin). C. Darwin, Esq. [P.]. 

d. Ad. sk. Galapagos. Capt. Burnett and 
Lieut. Fitzroy [P.]. 
e,f. 
3 § ad. sk. Indefatigable Island, Gala- Sclater Coll. 
pagos (Hahel). 

g. $ 
ad. sk.; h-j. J Indefatigable Island, Gala- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk.; h. Ad. sk. pagos (Habel). 
2. Certhidea fasca. 
Certhidea fusca, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1870, p. 324; iid. Nomsnel p. 16; 
Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 477. 

Above brown; below greyish white; under wing-coverts white ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 3*7 inches, wing 2, tail 1-5. 

Hab. Bindloes and Abingdon Islands, Galapagos Archipelago. 

Closely allied to G. olivacea, but generally of a more brownish 
colour, and bill and feet black. 

a. $ ad, sk. Abingdon Island, Galapagos, Dr. A. Habel [C.]. 
b. 
<$ ad. sk. Abingdon Island, Galapagos Salvin-Godman ) rn 
(Mabel). Coll. / Vjf8 
c. 
<$ ad. sk. Bindloes Island, Galapagos Salvin-Godman f . 
(JSabd). ° Coll. ) species. 
9 . CHIOftOPHASrES. 
Subfamily III. CGEREBINiE. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Bill strong, slightly incurved 9. OHLOROPHANES, p. 29. 
b. Bill thin, lengthened, much incurved .. 10. CCEREBA, p. 31. 
c. Bill thin, short, slightly incurved 11. CEETHIOLA, p. 36. 
9. CHLOEOPHANES, 
Ohlorophanes, Peichenb. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 233 (1853). 
This form is somewhat intermediate between Dacnis and Ccereba, 
but easily known from either by its strong, slightly incurved bill. 
It consists of one widely distributed species, and a second, at present 
only known from a single skin. 

1. Chlorophanes spiza. 
Certhia spiza, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 186. 
Grimpereau a tete noir de Bre*sil, Daub. PI Fnl. 578. fig. 2 (^). 
Grinipereau verd de Cayenne, Daub. PI. JEnl. 682. fig. 1 (J ). 
Ooereba spiza, Max. Beitr. iii. j>. 771. 
Bacnis spiza, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 95; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 152. 
Ohlorophanes spiza, Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil 1864, p. 267; Lawr. 


Ann. Lyc. N. Y.viii. p. 174,* Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 177; 
id. Ibis, 1885, p. 206 (Brit. Guiana); Salvin # Godman, Biol. CA., 
Aves, i. p. 247; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 242; id. J.f. 0. 1884, 

p. 286 (Bucaramanga). 
Ccereba atricapilla, Yieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 50 (1817). 
Dacnis atricapilla, Set. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 108; id. P. Z. S.1854, 
p. 110; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 560; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 20. 
Ohlorophanes 
atricapilla, Peichenb. Handb. p. 234; Scl. P. Z. S. 
1854, p. 252, 1857, p. 263, 1861, p. 129; id. Cat. A. B. p. 52; 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 349, 1866, p. 179,1867, p. 749 et 

p. 977,1868, p. 166, 1873, p. 260, 1879, p. 497; iid. Ibis, 1859, 
p. 14,1860, p. 32 ; iid. Nomencl p. 10; Taijlor, Ms, 1864, p. 81; 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 9; id. Orn. 
PSrou, i. p. 435. 
Nectarinia mitrata, Licht. Doubl. p. 15. 
Ohlorophanes guatemalensis, Sol. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 129; id. Cat A. B. 


p. 52; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 349,1870, p. 836; Salvin, Ibis, 
1866, p. 203,1872, p. 315; id. P. Z. S.1867, p. 137, 1870, p. 185. 
Ohlorophanes spiza, var. guatemalensis, Lazvr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. 

p. 97 ; Frantzws, J.f. 0.1869, p. 297. 
Ohlorophanes spiza exsul, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 543. 
Bright shining green, with a bluish tinge, more especially below, 
in some specimens; cap and sides of head black; wings and tail 
blackish edged with green; under wing-coverts blackish- beak 
yellow, the upper portion of the upper mandible and feet black; 
whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2'9, tail 1*5. Female. Uniform grass-
green, paler medially below; upper mandible blackish, lower yellowish.; 
feet brown. 
Hab. Prom Guatemala southwards throughout Central America, 
and all over South America down to S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 

30 
CCEREBIDJB. 

This widely distributed species is subject to considerable local 
variation, and at one time I thought it possible to separate the 
Central-American form as G. guatemalensis ; but Messrs. Salvin and 
Godman (I. s. c.) have shown that examples from Guatemala and 
Guiana cannot always be distinguished. Most specimens from 
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru have a strong bluish cast on the body 
below. Cassin (Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, pp. 267, 268) has described 
four " varieties v of this species from different localities under the 
names "spiza" "guatemalensis" "ccerulescens" and umelrmojms." 

I cannot myself recognize more than three local forms :—(1) guatemalensis, 
extending from Guatemala to Panama and Western 
Ecuador—a larger bird, of a lighter green; (2) cmrule$ee?is. with a 
strong bluish tinge, from Colombia, Eastern Ecuador, and Peru; 
and (3) typica, from Trinidad, Guiana, and S.E. Brazil, rather 
smaller, and intermediate between the two. But I confess that I 
could not undertake to separate some of the third series from those 
of the first. 

a. Subsp. guatemalensis. 
a. 6 jr-sk.; Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. 5 ad. sk. 
c. 6 ad. sk. Sources of Bio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vera Paz (Salvin). 
d. 6 ad. sk. Yaxcanmal, Vera Paz (Salvin Salvin-Godman Coll. 
fy Godman). 
e,f, 
6 $ ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). SclaterColl. (Types of 
Chi. guatemalensis.) 


g. 6 ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

( Whitely). 
h, i 6 5 ad- sk. Chontales,' Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, k. 6 J ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

I. 6 
ad. sk. Cordillera de Tole, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
m. 6 jr. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. 6 2 ad- sk. Bugaba, Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p, q. 6 2 ad. sk. Lion Hill, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. 
6 ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(lllingioorth). 
b. Subsp. ccerulescens. 
a,h. 6 2 ad. sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll. 
c,d. 6 2 ad. sk. Bogota, 
J. Gould, Esq. 

e. 6 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f-6 ad. sk. Medellin,Ax&oqti&(Sahnori). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g,k 6 ad. si i. Rio Napo (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. 6 
ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely).
*.? ad. sk. Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
16 ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Subsp. tyjpica. 
6 ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
6 ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased. 
10 . CCEREBA. 31 
c,d. <$ $ ad.sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiaua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wliitely). 
e,f. <$ 5 ad. sk. Rorainia, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Wliitely). 

g. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
h, i. <$ 2 ac**sk* Pernanibuco, Brazil (W. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Forbes). 

j. 2 ad- sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k, 
<£ ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 

1. ^ ad. sk. South America. Prof. Lichtenstein [P.], 
m. $ ad. sk. South America. Hardwick Bequest. 
n. J ad. sk. South America. Major Finch [P.], 
2. CMoropha&es purpurascens. (Plate IV.) 
Chlorophanes purpurascens, Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. pp. 1G, 167. 
Dullish purple-blue, with, the lower "black colour of the feathers 
showing through in places; front space round the eyes, wings, and 
tail black; wing-coverts and secondaries with slight blue edgings; 
lower mandible yellow, upper black; feet brown. "Whole length 
4*9 inches, wing 2*8, tail 1*7. 

Hah. Venezuela. 
This species, described from the only known specimen, has quite 
the habit of C. spiza, but is at once distinguishable by its colour. 

a. (3 sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
10. CCEREBA. 
Type. 
Coereba, Vieill Ois. Am. Sept. ii. p. 70 (1807) C. cyanea. 
Arbelorhina, Cab. Arch.f. Nat. p. 325 (1847) C. cyanea. 

The brilliant group of "Blue Creepers" which constitute this 
genus pervades the tropics of America from Cuba and Mexico to 
Southern Brazil and Bolivia. Four forms only seem to me worthy 
of specific separation, and two of these are but slightly different 
representatives of the same structure. The Coerebce are at once 
known from their relatives of the same group by the deep blue 
colour of the males and the slender Creeper-like bill. They are low-
ranging birds, not apparently ascending to high elevations, and frequent 
the edges of the forests and the trees and shrubs of the more 
open districts, where they arc perpetually in search of their insect 
food among the branches; but they also eat ripe fruit. 

Key to the Sj>eeies. 

A. Interscapulium black j throat blue; inner webs of 
primaries yellow 1. cyanea, p. 32. 
B. Interscapulium blue; throat black; inner webs of 
primaries blackish. 
a. Bill longer. 
General colour deep purple 2. ccerulea, p. 33. 
General colour brighter purple 3. lucid a, p. 35. 
b. Bill shorter 
4. nitida, p. 35. 
CCEREBIM. 

1. Coereba cyanea. 
Certkia cayana, Linn. S. K i. p. 187 ( $ ) ? 
Certkia cyanea, Linn. S. N. i. p. 188 (<$)> 
Grinrpereau de Br&il, Baub. PI Eril. 83. %. 2. 
Certhia cyanogastra, Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 295. 
Le Guit-guit, Aud. et Vieill Ois. Dor. ii. p. 69, tt. 41, 42, 43. 
Coereba cyanea, Vieill. Fnc. Meth. p. 610; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 288, 


pi. 176; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 761; Bp. Consp. i. p. 399 ; id. Notes 
Orn. p. 50 ; cPOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 24; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 25 ; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. is. p. 97; Cassin, Br. Ac. So. Phil 
1864, p. 26G; Bitrm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 150; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, 
pp. 140, 286, 1857, p. 263; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 52; Taylor, Ibis, 
1864, p. 81; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1866, p. 179,1867, pp. 570, 749, 
1868, pp. 166, 627, 1870, p. 836,1873, p. 260,1879, p. 597; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 16; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 561; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 
p. 315, 1885, p. 207 (Brit. Guian.); id. Cat. Strickl. Coll p. 177; 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 199, 1880, p. 119; iid. Biol. C.-A., 
Aves, i. p. 248; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 378; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 
p. 330; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 9; id. Orn. Perm, i. p. 436. 
Arbelorhina cyanea, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 675; id. Mus. 
Hein. i. p. 96; Gundl Orn. Cuba, p. 105. 
Coereba carneipes, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 376, 1864, p. 173; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 52; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 32; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, 
p. 349; Lawr, Ann. L. N. Y. vi. pp. 291, 318, viii. p. 175; Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 137, 1870, p. 185 ; Sumichr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. 
H. i. p. 548. 
Arbelorhina brevipes et A. eximia, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 96. 
Coereba cyanea, C. eximia et C. brevipes, JReich. Hando. pp. 230-7. 
Coereba cyanea eximia, Berl J.f. 0.1884, p. 287 (Bucaramanga). 
Above and below bright purple-bine ; lores, space round the eyes, 
interscapulium, wings, and tail velvety black; cap pale blue; under 
wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers sulphur-yellow ; bill 
black; feet flesh-colour: whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2-5, tail 

14. Female. Above dark green, superciliary stripe whitish; wings 
and tail blackish, edged with green; below paler, yellowish green, 
obsoletely striated; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-
feathers yellow; bill Lorn-colour; feet brown. 
Hab. Prom Southern Mexico over Central and Southern America 
down to S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. Also found in Cuba. 

The varieties of this species differ principally in the length of the 
bill and in other dimensions. But although I formerly separated 
the form from the north of Panama as C. carnevpes, I now agree 
with Messrs. Salvin and Godman (op. s. c), that neither this nor 
the other forms can be satisfactorily arranged as species or even as 

subspecies. 
a-b. $ ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d-e. $ ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (G.
F. Gaumer). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. § ad. sk. Belize (Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 3 ad. sk. Corosal,
(Boe). 
Brit. Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10 . CCEREBA. 
h, $ ad. sk 

i. cJ jr. sk. 
j. <$ ad. sk. 
k. <$ ad. sk. 
1 2 ad. sk. 
m,n. $ ad.,et<5 
jr. sk. 
o,p. § ad. sk. 

q. (S ad. sk. 
?*. c? ad. sk. 
s. S ad. sk. 
f. c? jr. sk. 
u. J ad.sk. 
v. $ ad. sk. 
MJ. <$ jr. sk. 
ff,#. cT ? ad. 
sk. 


s. c? ad. sk. 
a'. S ad. sk. 

V. 8 ad. sk. 
c'. <$ ad. sk. 

d'. c? ad. sk. 
e'J'. 6 $ ad. sk. 

g'. <$ ad. sk. 

ti. S ad. sk. 

i',f. S $ ad. sk. 
k'\ § ad. sk. 
Z\ 2 ad- sk. 
w',w'. cJ ? ad. 

sk. 
o', y. cJ ad. sk.; 
^'. § ad. sk. 
r'. J ad. sk. 

$'. <$ jr. sk. 
2'. tf ad. sk. 
u\ c? jr. st. 
?/, c? jr. st. 


Medio Monte, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 
Duenas,Guateui &\&(Salvin). 
Vera Paz. 
Lanquin, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Retaleuleu, Guatemala (Salvin) 
. 

Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa 
Pica (Arce).

Costa Bica. 
Chontales,Nicaragua(2?e#). 
Chitra, Veragua (Arci). 

Santa Fe\ Veragua (Arci). 
Santiago de Veragua(-4m?). 
Castillo, Veragua (Arci).
Cordillera de Tole, Veragua 

(Arce). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arci). 
Lion Hill, Panama (Mc-
Leannan).

Manaure, Santa Marta, 
Colombia (Simons). 
Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. 


C. (Simons). 
Gorgona L, U. S. C. 
N.W. coast of S. America. 
Venezuela. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 


(Whitely). 

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 

(WJritely). ^ 

Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(WMtely). 

Cayenne. 
Lower Amazons( Wallace). 
Ega, Amazons (Bates).
Pernambuco, Brazil (W. 


A. Fo?*bes). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Eio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil 

(Joyner). 

Brazil. 
Brazil. 

S. America. 
S. America. 
2. Ccereba caerulea. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Capt. Kellett & Lieut. 
Wood [P.] 
Capt. Kellett & Lieut. 

Wood [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 


Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 


Certhia cserulea, Linn. S. N. i. p. 185. 

Grimpereau verd tachete* de Cayenne, Daub. PL JEJnl. 682.fig. 2 ( $ ). 
Certhia ochrochlora, Gm. S. N. i. p. 472. 
Certhia surinamensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 295. 
Le Guit-guit noir et bleu, Aud. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. ii. p. 74t 44, 


45,46. 

VOL. XI. D 

34 
CCEEEBID^:. 

Coereba casrulea, Vieill JEnc. Meth. p. 610; Sdat. P Z. S. 1855, 

p. 137,1857, p. 263; id. Cat. A. B. p. 53 ; Taylor, Ms,1864, p. 81; 
Sclat. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 570, 74% 977,1868, p 167,187S, 
p. 185, 1879, p. 497 (Antioquia), p. 597 (Bolivia); iid. Komencl. 
p. 16 j Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 378; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, 
p. 119 : Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 207 (Brit. Guian.); Pehdn, Orn. Bras. 
p. 25; Tacz. Orn. Perou, i. p. 437 j Perl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 543. 
Arbelorhina cserulea, Cab. m Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 675; id. Mvs. 
Rein. i. p. 96; Peichenb. Handb. p. 235. 
Arbelorhina brevirostris, Cab. Mas. Hein. i. p. 96. 
Arbelorhina longirostris, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 96, 
Ccareba longirostris, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 501; Scl. Cat A. B. 

p. 53 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. PM. 1864, p. 267. 
Coereba brevirostris, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 53; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. PML 
1864, p. 267. 
Coereba 
casrulea microrhyncha, Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 287 (Bucaramanga). 


Above and below purple-bine; lores, throat, wings, tail, and 
tinder wing-coverts velvety black ; bill Mack; feet flesh-colour; 
whole length 3*7 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*1. Female. Above dark 
green; lores rufous * below pale yellowish, with dark green striations 
; throat rufous ; bill blackish ; feet brown. 

Hab. South America, from Colombia down to Amazonia, Eastern 
Peru and Bolivia; to the north of Colombia replaced by the next 
species. 

This is also a somewhat variable species; but after examining 
several large series, I think it better to keep all the specimens from 
countries to the south of Panama under one specific name. This 
bird does not seem to occur in South-east Brazil, but extends all 
over Amazonia. The descriptions are taken from Cayenne skins. 

a, b. c? $ ad. sk. Ilhica, SantaMarta,U.S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons). 

c. £ ad. sk. Bemedios, Antioquia, Salvin-Godman Coll 
T. S. C. {Salmon). 
d. S ad. sk. Venezuela, Purchased. 
e. d ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/. S ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. <$ $ ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
i. S jr. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
j, 
h <$ 2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 

I. S ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. <$ jr. sk. Gorgona I, U. S. C. Cap! Kellett& Lieut. 
, , WoodfC.l 
o,p. 6 2 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


q. S ad. sk. Ega, Amazons (Bates). Purchased. 
r. $ ad. sk. Santarem,Ama,zona(Bates). Purchased. 
s. 
6 ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farm). Salvin-Godman Coll 
t. 
$ ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
u. <$ ad. sk. 3NTairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. J ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10 . COEEEBA. 
3 5 
w. d1 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<c. d ad. sk. 
(Wfa'tehj). 
Camaeusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
V: z. <5 5 ad. sk. 
(717^/?/). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
«'. $ ad. sk. 
&'. 2 ad. sk. 
C, d\ c 2 ad, %. 
<?'. <5 ad. .-k. 
Berbice. 
Maroni R.; Sminam (Kappler). 
Cayenne. 
Para, Lower Amazons 
Mrs. Atkins [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/' . c jr. -t. 
//'. J ad. M:. 
A*. J ad. sk. 
(Wallace). 
S. America. 
S. America. 
Tcayali. 
Purchased. 
Major Finch [P.]. 
J. Gould, E&q. 

3. CcBieha liici&a. 
Ccereba carulea, Sel. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 140 (Veragua). 
Ccereba lucida, Sel. et Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 14; iid. P.Z.S. 1804, 

p. M9 j iid. Komend. p. 10; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 53; Sel. 
Cat. A. B. p. 58; Cass. Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1804, p. 207; Salvin, 
P. Z. & 3807, p. 137, 1870, p. 185; Lawr. Ann. L. K Y. vii. 
pp. 291, 318; Gray, Hand-l L p. 117 ; 8ah\ et Godm. Biol. C.-A., 
Ares, i. p. 249. 
Above and below deep purple; lores, throat, and front of neck, 
wings, tail, and tinder wing-coverts velvety black; bill black; feet 
flesh-colour : whole length 4#o inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*25. Female. 
Above dark green; lores rufous; below pale yellowish, with dark 
green striations ; throat rufous. 

Hah. Guatemala and Central America, south to Panama. 

This northern form of G. ccrrulea I follow Messrs. Salvin and 
Godman in keeping distinct; although it is only recognizable by its 
paler tint of purple-blue, the slightly greater extension of the black 
throat towards the breast, and its rather larger size. 

ff, b. d 2 a<^-sk* J Guatemala. Sclater Coll. 

(Types of the species.) 

c. $ jr. sk. 
Ckoctuni, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d, e. $ 9 ad. sk.; 
/. djr.sk. 

g. <J jr. sk. Guatemala. Purchased. 
h. d ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I j. J $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Lion Hill, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. £ ad. >k. 
(McLeannan). 

/. $ ad. &k. Central America. J. Gould, Esq.. 

4. Coereba nitida. 
Coereba 
nitida, Earil Rev. Zool 1847, p. 84; Strickl Contr. Orn. 
Ib50. -n. 147. r>L 00. f. 1: Bn. Comv. i. p. 400; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, 

VScl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, pp. 749, W7, 1*573, p. 
Tacz. Orn.

p. 10; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 25; Gratj, KandA. i. p. 117; 
Perou, i. p. 439. 
CCEREBIDJ3. 

Arbelorhina nitida, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 96; JReicherib. Handb. 

p. 235. 
Bright bluish purple-blue ; lores, throat-patch extending over 
breast, wings, tail, and under wing-coverts velvety black; bill black; 
feet pale flesh-colour: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2, tail 1. 
Female. Dark green ; throat and middle of belly pale ochraceous; 
sides of body striated with whitish; crissum yellowish. 

Hah. Colombia and Upper Amazonia. 

This is a well-marked species, easily known by its small size, short 
bill, the extension of the black of the throat over the chest, and the 
brighter tint of the blue, especially above. 

a. <$ ad. sk.
b. c? ad. sk.
c. cJad.sk. 
Bogota. 
Amazons (Gotdd). 
Pebas, Eastern Peru (HaiixSclater 
Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. J ad. sk.
well). 
Xeberos, Eastern Peru ISclater Coll. 
e. J jr. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk.
g. c? ad. sk.
(Bartlett). 
Ega; Amazons {Bates). 
Ucayali, Peru. 
S. America. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
11. CEETHIOLA. 
Type. 

Certhiola, Sund. CEfvers. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 99 .. 0. flaveola. 

The group of little Flower-peckers comprised in this genus comprehends 
about eighteen or nineteen local forms all moulded and 
coloured exactly on the same type. Some of them, especially the 
continental representatives, present but slight points of difference 
and run one into the other. But as Mr. Ridgway has lately published 
a synopsis of this genus, drawn up upon the large series in 
the United States National Museum, I have thought it best to follow 
his system as nearly as possible, and to consider all the fairly separable 
forms as specific. 

The nests of Certliiola are constructed of moss and silk-cotton, 
and placed in low trees and shrubs; they are domed over. The 
eggs are two, of a dull white spotted with reddish brown. (Cf. 
Gosse, B. Jam. p. 85, and Euler, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 406.) 

Key to the Species. 

A. Above olivaceous or blackish; below yellow. 
a. Alar speculum distinct. 
a'. Throat greyish white. 
a2. Yellow below confined to breast ... . 1. bahamensis} p. 37. 
b2. Yellow extending over abdomen j 

J back lighter % cahoti, p. 38. 
I back darker 3. tricolor, p. 38. 


V. Throat ashy grey. 
e2. Back brownish slate 4. mexicana, p. 38. 
d2 

. Back blackish. 

a3. Rump bright yellow; 

{speculum elongate 5. htteola, p. 40. 

j speculum quadrate 6. lananivora, p. 40. 

11 . CERTHIOLA. 
a4. Throat lighter. 

a5. Wing-spot distinct; 
) back darker 7. portoricensis, p. 41. 
j back lighter 8. sancti-thomcs, p. 42. 

¥'. Wing-spot very small 9. bartholemica, p. 42. 

¥. Throat darker. 
c\ Throat rather darker 10. saccharina, p. 42. 
cP. Throat much darker. 

| wing-spot extended 11.flaveola, p. 43, 
j wing-spot restricted 12. newtorii, p. 43. 

b. Alar speculum obsolete. 
c'. Throat uniform. 
e2. Throat dark ash; 
( superciliary stripe white 13. dominicana, p. 44. 
( superciliary stripe yellowish ... . 14. sundevalli, p. 44. 

f2. Throat light ash 15. chloropyga, p. 44. 
d'. Throat particoloured; 
g2. Throat blackish, with a white central 
spot 16. barbadensis, p. 46. 

k2 

. Throat blackish, with a white me


dian line* 
j superciliary stripe white 17. martinwana, p. £6. 
j superciliary stripe yellowish 18. JinscM, p. 47. 

B. Above and below black 19. atrata, p. 47. 
1. Certhiola bahamensis. 
Bahama Titmouse, Catesby, Car. i. t. 59. 
Certhia bahamensis, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 620. 
Oerthiaflaveola, var. |3, Linn. S. N. i. p. 187. 
Certhiola bahamensis, Reichenb. Handb. p. 253 (1853); Cassin, Pr. 


Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 271; Baird, Ibis, 1867, pp. 264,276, et N. A. B. 

i. p. 427; Gray, Hcmd-L i. p. 120; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 327; 
Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 752 ; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. 
p. 16 ; Cory, B. of Bahamas, p. 76 ; Bidgw. Proc. U.S. 2V. M. 1885, 
pp. 27, 29. 
Certhiola flaveola, Baird, B. N. A. p. 924, et Ail. t. lxxxiii. fig. 3; 
id. Am. Nat. vii. p. 612; Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. JSF. II. vii. 

p. 117 (1861). 
Certhiola bairdi, Cab. J.f.O. 1865, p. 412; Sund. (Efv. Vet-Ah. 
Fork 1869, p. 621. 
Above dark slaty blackish; rump yellow; broad superciliarics 
from front to neck white; white wing-spot distinct and rather 
elongated; below pale ashy white, with a broad yellow band across 
the belly; crissum, under wing-coverts, and inner margins of wing-
feathers white; tail black, tipped with white; bill black; feet dark 
brown: whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*6. Female 
similar, but slightly paler. 
Eab. Bahama Islands. 
This at least is a perfectly distinct species, immediately recognizable 
by the pale white colour of the throat. 

a. Ad. sk. Inagua, Bahamas (Bryant). Mrs. H. Bryant. 
b. Ad. sk. Inagua, Bahamas (Bryant). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Inagua, Bahamas (Bryant), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Nassau, Bahamas (Cory). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

COGREBIDiE. 

2. Certkiola caboti. 
Certkiola cshotl, Baird, Am. Nat. vii. p. 612; id. N. A. B. i. p. 427; 
Fmsch, Verh. z.~b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 790; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 

p. 327, et 1875, p. 189 ; Sah. et Godm. Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 251; 
Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. 1885, p. 27. 
Above slaty blackish ; rump rellow; superciliaries white ; white 
wing-spot distinct, rather square; below, throat pale ashy white, 
abdomen yellow; flanks cinerascent; crissum yellowish; under 
wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 
4*2 inches, wing 2'b, tail 1*6. 

Hub. Island of Cozumel, Yucatan (Cabot). 

Similar to C. bahamensis, but " the yellow of the underparts is 
darker and more extended, the alar speculum squarer, and the tail 
less conspicuously tipped with white." 

a. Ad. sk.
b~i. Ad. sk. 
Cozumel Island, W. I.
(Devis). 
Cozumel Island, W. I.
(G. F. Gaumer). 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Certkiola tricolor. 

Certkiola tricolor, Ridgw. Pr. TJ. S. JY. M. 1884, p. 178, et 1885, 
pp. 27, 29. 

" Similar to 0. bahamensis, but larger, upper parts darker; yellow 

on rump more extended, and posterior lower parts pale yellowish." 

(Ridgwag.) 
Hah. Old Providence Island, W. I. 
Examples of the adult and young of this species are in the U.S. 

National Museum. 

4. Certkiola mezicana. 
Certkiola mexicana, ScL P. Z. S. 1856, p. 286,1859, pp. 364, 376; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 54; Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 352; ScL et Sah. P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 349, 1879, p. 497 (Antioquia) et p. 597 (Bolivia); iid. 
Nomencl p. 17 ; Cassin, Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 271; Lawrence. 
Ann. L. N. T. ix. p. 98 (Costa Rica) ; Sund. (Eft. K. Vet.-Ah. Forh. 
1869, p. 623 ; Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 120; Finsch,Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 
1871, p. 772; Baird, N. A. B. i. p. 428; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 543; Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 288 (Bucaramanga); Ridgw. 
Pr. U.S. N. M. 1885, p. 27. J J 

Certkiola luteola, ScL P. Z. S. 1855, p. 138 (Bogota), 1858, p. 452, 
1860, pp. 85,292 (Ecuador); Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 137 (Veragua); 
Lawrence, Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 291 (Panama), et viii. p. 174 
(Veragua). 

Certkiola columbiana, Cab. J.f. 0.1865, p. 412; Sund. (Efv. K. VeL-
Ak. Forh. 1869, p. 622; Gray, HarnU. i. p. 120. 
Certkiola peruviana, Cab. J. f 0. 1865, p. 413; Baird, iV. A. B. L 

p. 428 ; Sund. (Efv. K. VeL-Ak. Forh. 1869, p. 623 : Gray, Hand-l. 
i. p. 120; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 512, et 1879, p. 225; id. Orn. Perou, 
i. p. 439 (Peru). 
Certkiola, sp., Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 225. 
Certkiola magniro&tris, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 193; id. Orn. Perou, 
p. 441 (?). 
11 . OERTHIOLA. 
39 
Above dark grey, with olive tinge on the back; head black ; rump 

olivaceous yellow; superciliaries from front to neck white; wing-

spot square, white, distinct; below, throat light ashy, belly yellow, 

sides olivaceous ; crissum, under wing-coverts, and inner margins of 

wing-feathers white; tail black, outer rectrices slightly tipped 

with white: whole length 3*7 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1*3. Female 

similar. 

Hah. South Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and 

Peru. 

I cannot agree with Prof. Baird and Mr. Eidgway in keeping 

G. colombiaua distinct from G. memcana. As regards the rump-
patch (the point of difference given by them), I find Mexican and 
Peruvian specimens quite similar. But in Peruvian specimens the 
wing-spot is decidedly smaller, and shows a deviation towards 
G. chloropyga, to which I have actually referred the Bolivian 
examples. I have before me two examples of the form called by 
M. Taczanowski G. magnirostris; but I doubt their distinctness, 
though the beak is decidedly longer than in normal specimens. 
a. Ad. sk. 
Mexico (Salle). Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Choctuim Vera Paz Sclater Coll. 
(Salvin). 
e. Ad. sk. Choc-turn, Vera Paz 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
(Salvin), 
f-h. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salv. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et Godman). 
i,j. Ad.; k. Jr. sk. Turrialba, Costa JUca Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
I 
Ad. &k. Costa Rica (Arce). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. $ ad. sk. 
Cordillera del Ckucu, Ve-Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n, o. <$ ad. et jr. sk. 

ragua (Arce). 
p-s. <$ $ ad. etjr.sk. Lion Hill Station, Istlim. of Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Panama (McLeannan). 

t, u. <$ $ sk. 
Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

v* Ad. sk. 
Paraiso Station, Isthm. of Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Panama (Hughes). 

to. Ad. sk. 
Gorgona I., U. S. C. Capt. Kellett & Lieut. 

Wood [C.]. 

x, y. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

z. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
ar,b'. <$ $ ad.sk. Medellin,U.S. C. (SalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
man). 

c'. Ad. sk. 
Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d'. Ad. sk. 
Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e\ § ad. sk. 
Esm'eraldas, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 

(Fraser). 
fd-63r-5 ?ad.sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
ti, $ ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 

(Fraser). 
i\ cf ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. 

Ecuador. Purchased. 
'#, V. Ad. et jr. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 

m'. Ad. sk. 
Ecuador. 

CCEREBID^E. 

ri. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

{Buckley), 
o'. Jr. sk. Sarayacu, Peru (Whitdy). Sclater Coll. 
p\ Ad. sk. Pacasrnayo, Peru (Stolz- Sclater Coll. 

mami). 
q\ Ad. Callacate, Peru {Stolz- Sclater Coll. 
mann). ( C. magnirostris, Tacz.) 
r'. Ad. Guajanja, Peru (Stolz- Sclater Coll. 
mann). ( C. magnirodris, Tacz.) 

5. Certhiola luteola. 
Certhiola luteola, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 96 (Puerto Cabello) ; Suncl 
(JEfv. K, Vet.-Ah Fork 1869, p. 621; Cousin, Pr. Ac. So. Phil. 
1864, p. 271; Reichenb. Randb. p. 251; Sclat. Cat. A, B. p. 53; 
Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 179 (Trinidad); Scl et Salt). P. Z. S. 1866. 

p. 179, 1868, p. 167; iid. Nomencl. p. 16; Gray, Rand-l. i. p. 120 
Finsch, P. Z. S\ 1870, p. 561; id. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 767 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324; Salu. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 119 ; Baird, 
N. A. B. i. p. 427; id. Am. Nat, vii. p. 612; Ridgw. Pr. U. S. K 
M. 1885, p. 28. 
Certhiola flaveola, Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 126. 
Above sooty black : rump bright yellow: superciliaries from front 
to neck white* white wing-spot large and distinct; below, throat 
ashy (as in C. jportoricensis); belly bright yellow; crissum, under 
wing-coverts, and inner margins of wing-feathers white; tail black, 
tipped with white, which in outer web of outer tail-feather is but 
slightly apparent; bill black ; legs and. feet dark brown: whole 
length 4-3 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*5. Female similar. 

Hab. Trinidad, Venezuela, and north coast of Colombia. 

This species was established by Cabanis upon a specimen from 
Puerto Cabello, and I have taken my description from a female 
from Carupano, Venezuela (Goering). It seems to me rather difficult 
to say whether the Guianan form (C. major, Cab.) should be 
referred here or to G. chloropyga; but as the wing-spot is almost, 
and in some skins quite, obsolete, I place it under the latter head. 
Eor am I quite satisfied as to the Bogota form ( G. columUana, Cab.) ; 
but, on the whole, I prefer to follow Finsch in uniting it to G. meadcana, 
rather than to the present species. * 

a. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons), 
b. 
c. 
Ad. sk. 
S ad. sk. 
Santa Marta, U. S. C. 
Valle Dupar, U. S. C. 
(Simons). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Carupano, Venezuela 
(Goering). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 
/• 
2 ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Venezuela ( Goering).
Trinidad. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

6. Certhiola banarrivora. 
Bananiste, Buff. R. N. Ois. v. p. 332. 
Motacilla bananivora, Gm. S. N. i. p. 951. 

11 . CERTMOLA. 
Certhiola clusiae, Hartl. Naumamiia, ii. pt. 2, p. 56 (1852); Finsch, 
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 771 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 17. 
Certhiola, sp. inc., Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 233. 
Certhiola bananivora, Baird, N. A. B. i. p. 427 * id. Am. Nat. vii. 
p. 612 j Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. 1885, p. 28. 
Above sooty black; rump yellow; superciliaries from front to 
neck white; wing-spot white; below, throat ashy, rather darker 
than in G. portoricensis; crissum, under wing-coverts, and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white; tail black tipped with white, 
which is but very slightly apparent on the outer web of the outer 
tail-feathers; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 4*5 inches, 
wing 2-5, tail 1-5. 

Hah. S. Domingo. 

Dr. Finsch speaks of the wing-spot being very small in this 
species. But although this is the case in the example in the collection 
of Messrs. Salvin and Godman (Hearne) which he examined, 
the wing-spot is large and well-developed in another example in the 
same collection, received from Mr. Cory, from which my description 
is taken, and I regard the former specimen as immature. Prof. 
Baird correctly gives the wing-spot as like that of G. flaveola, but 
less extended. The form comes very near G. portoricensis, but the 
throat is rather darker, and the outer web of the outer rectrix has 
hardly any white on it. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Samana, San Domingo, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Cory). 
b. S ad. sk. San Domingo (McGregor). Salvm-Godrnan Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. San Domingo (Gould). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

7. Certhiola portoricensis. 
Certhiola flaveola, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 166. 
Certhiolaflaveola, var. portoricensis, Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. 

x. p. 252 (1866). 
Certhiola portoricensis, 
Sund. CEfv. Vet-Ah. Fork. 1869, p. 622; 
Finsch, Verh. z.-h. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 760; Gundl. J. f. 0. 
1874, p. 312, et 1878, p. 170; id. An. Soc. Bsp. II N. vii. p. 216 
(1878); Baird, N. A. B. i. p. 427; id. Am. Nat. vii. p. 611; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 16. 

Above sooty black; rump yellow; superciliaries from front to 
neck white; wing-spot white, conspicuous; below, throat ashy, 
contrasting with black sides of head; belly yellow ; crissum, under 
wing-coverts, and inner margins of wing-feathers white ; tail black 
tipped with white, which is broad on both webs of outer tail-
feathers ; bill black, feet dark brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 
2f5, tail 1*6. Female similar. 

Hah. Porto Eico. 
On the nesting of this species ef. Gundlach, J. f. 0. 1878, p. 179. 


a. Ad. sk. Porto Eico (Bryant). Mrs. H. Bryant. 
b. Ad. sk. Porto Eico (Bryant). Sclater Coll. 
42 CCEREBIDiE. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e-g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Porto Rico {Latimer). 
Porto Pdco (Bryant). 
Porto Rico (Latimer). 
Porto Rico (Gimdlach). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

8. Certhiola sancti-thomaB. 
Certhiola portoricensis, Finsch, Verlu z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 760 
(part.) ; Baird, N. A. B. i. p. 427 (part.). 
Certhiola sancti-thoma3, Ridgw. Br. U. 8. N. M. 1885, p. 29. 

Similar to G. portoricensis, but throat (perhaps) rather darker 
grey. 

Hah. St. Thomas, W. I. 

I confess I should hardly have separated this form, as far as my 
specimens go, from G. portoricensis, but I follow Mr. Ridgway's 
lead. 

a. Ad. sk. St. Thomas (E. Newton). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. St. Thomas \JS. Newton). U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. St. Thomas (Stoifi). Sclater Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. St. Thomas (O. Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. St. Thomas (Akhurst). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. Certhiola bartholemica. 
Certhia bartholemica, Sparrm. Mus. Ca?*ls. t. 57 (1788)• Sund. K. 
VetrAJc. Handl. n.f. ii. 3, p. 10 (1857). 
Certhiola bartholemica, Reichenb. Handb. p. 253; Sund. (Efv.K. Vet.Ah. 
Fork. 1869, pp. 584, 622 ; Finsc/i, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, 

p. 763; Baird, N. A. B. i. p. 428; id. Am. Nat. vii. p. 612 ; Ridgw. 
Br. II. S. N. M. 1885, p. 28. 
" A peculiar species, distinguishable by the greyish-white forehead, 
the slight olivaceous yellow uropygial band, and the very 
small wing-spot." (Finsch.) 

Hob. St. Bartholomew, W. I. 
I am not sure that the white front is a very reliable character, 
as it appears in one specimen of G. newtoni and not in another. 

10. Certhiola saccharina. 
Certhiola saccharina, Lawr. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. i. p. 150 ; id. Broc. 
U. S. N. M. 1878, pp. 190,487; Ridgw. Br. U. S. N. M. 1885, p. 28. 
Above sooty black ; rump bright yellow; superciliaries from 
front to neck white; wing-spot white; below, throat dark ashy, 
belly bright yellow; crissum, under wing-coverts, and inner margins 
of wing-feathers white ; tail black, tipped with white; bill 
black; feet dark brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*4. 

Hob. St. Vincent and Grenada, W. I. 

The description is from a Grenada skin kindly lent by Ifr. Lawrence. 
The species seems nearest to G. netvtoni, but has a broad 
yellow rump and more yellowish belly. 

11 . OERTHIOLA. 
43 

11. CertMola flaveola. 
Black and Yellow Creeper, Edwards, Birds, iii. t. 122. 
Certhia flaveola, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 187. 
Oerthiola flaveola, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 102; Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 84, 


et lllustr. t. xvi.; Bp. Consp. i. p. 402 ; Peichenb. Ilandb. p. 250; Scl. 

P. Z. S. 1861, p. 73 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 54 (part.); Cassin, Br. Ac. 
8c. Phil 1864, p. 271 j Cab. J.f. 0. 1865, p. 412; Sund. CEfv. IC 
Vet-Ah. Fork 1869, p. 621; Gray, Iland-l i. p. 120; Finch, 
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 756; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. p, 16; 
Baird, N. A. B. i. p. 427; id. Am. Nat. vii. p. 611 j Bidgw. Pr. 
U. 8. N 31. 1885, p. 28. 
Adult male. Above sooty black; rump bright yellow; superciliaries 
from front to neck white; broad wing-spot and outer 
margins of primaries white; below, throat dark ashy, belly yellow ; 
erissum, under wing-coverts, and inner margins of wing-feathers 
white; tail black, tipped with white, which is broad on both webs 
of the outer tail-feathers; bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 
4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*4. Female similar. 

Hob. Jamaica. 

The extension of the white of the wing-spot over the outer 
edges of the primaries and the bright yellow of the rump are the 
leading characteristics of this species. 

a. S ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. <$ ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Jamaica (Bryant). 
Jamaica (Bryant). 
Jamaica (Bryant). 
Moncague, Jamaica (Salv.
et Godm.). 
Jamaica. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mrs.H, Bryant [_P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll. 

12. Certhiola newtoni. 
Oerthiola flaveola, A. § E. Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 67. 
" Oerthiola sti.-tliomae, Neioton," Sund. CEfv. K. Vet.-Ak ForklSQd, 


p. 622. 
Oerthiola bartholemica, Finseh, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 763 
(part.). 
Oerthiola newtoni, Baird, N. A. B. i. p. 427 (1874); id. Am. Nat. 

vii. p. 611. 
Above sooty black; rump olivaceous yellow ; superoiliaries from 
front to neck white; wing-spot white; below, throat dark ashy, 
belly yellow; erissum, under wing-coverts, and inner margins of 
wing-feathers white; tail tipped with white, which is broad on both 
webs ; bill black ; feet dark brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, 
tail 1*4. Fern a le similar. Young. Above dark olive-brown; superoiliaries 
yellowish; rump yellowish; below, throat pale ashy, 
belly yellowish. 

Hob. St. Croix, West Indies. 
The quadrate wing-spot and more olivaceous rump separate this 
form from C. flaveola. Dr. Finsch has referred it to C. bartholemica, 

44 
CGEJtEBID^:. 

but in that species the white wing-spot would appear to be almost 
obsolete; in the bird from St. Croix it is well marked. 

a} b. Ad. sk.; St. Croix (Newton). Sclater Coll 
c, d. Jr. sk. 

13. Certhiola dominicana. (Plate Y. fig. 2.) 
Certhiola dominicana, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 167 ; Sund. CEfv. K. Vt?t-
Ak. Fork. 1869, p. 623 ; Gray, Hand-l i. p. 120; Finscfi, Verh. z.-b. 
Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 787; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 765 (Montserrat) ; 
Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 486 (Montserrat) ; Set. et Satv. Nomenel 

p. 17 ; Baird, Am. Nat. vii. p. 612; Lawrence, Proc. U. S. N. M. 
1878, p. 56 (Dominica); id. op. cit. p. 233 (Antigua) et p. 239 
(Barbuda). 
Certhiola frontalis, Baird, Am. Nat. vii. p. 612 ; id. N. A. B. i. p. 428 
(Antigua). 

Above dark ashy black; uropygial band slight, olivaceous yellow ; 
superciliaries elongated, white; no wing-spot; below, throat ashy 
black, paler than head; breast and belly yellow; erissum, under 
wing-coverts, and inner margins of wing-feathers white; tail black 
tipped with white; bill black, feet dark brown: whole length 4*5, 
wing 2*5, tail 1*6. Female similar. 

Hab. Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua, and Barbuda. 

Like C. martinioana, this species has the uropygial band very 
slightly marked; but there is no trace of white on the throat, 
which is of a uniform dark ashy colour. According to Mr. Lawrence, 
0. frontalis was based upon a young bird of this species. 

a,b. <$ 5 ad. sk. Dominica, West Indies Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ober). 
c, d. J $ ad. sk. Dominica, West Indies Sclater Coll. 
(Ober). 

e. Ad. sk. Dominica, West Indies Sclater Coll. (Type of the 
(Taylor). species.) 
f. 
Ad. sk. Montserrat, West Indies Sclater Coll. 
(Sturye). 
14. Certhiola sundevalli 
Certhiola sundevalh; Ridyiv. Pr. U. S. N 31. 1885, p. 26. 
Similar to C. dominicana, but superciliary stripe with at least 
the anterior half yellow, and the back rather more slaty (Bidcjway). 

Hab. Dominica and Guadeloupe. 

I agree with Mr. Eidgway that this is probably only a phase of 

C. dominicana. The yellowish superciliaries I have found in young 
examples of other species, e. g. C. sancti-thomce. 
15. Certhiola chloropyga. 
Nectariniaflavicola,Licht. Doiibl. p. 15. 
Ccereba flaveola, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 774. 
Certhiola flaveola, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 155; Cab. in Schomb. 


Guian. iii. p. 675 ; Euler, J.f. 0.1867, p. 406 (nest). 

11 . CERTHIOLA. 
45 

Oerthiola chloropyga, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 97 (1851); Reichenb. 
Randb. p. 252; 8cl. Cat. A. B. p. 53 ; Gray, Rand-l i. p. 120; 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1864, p. 272 ; 8c!. § 8ab. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 570 (Lower Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl p. 17; Pekeln, Orn. Bras. 
p. 26; Bernhardt, Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 244; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. 
Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 779; 'JBaird, Am. Nat 1873, p. 613; id. N. A. B. 
I. p. 428 • Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 330 (Pernambuco); Ridqio. Pr. 
XT. S. N. M. 1885, p. 28; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 207 (Brit. Gfuian.). 
Oerthiola guianensis, Cab. Mm. Rein. i. p. 97; Reichenb. Randb. 

p. 252; Gray, Rand-l i. p. 120. 
Certliiola raajuscula, Cab. J. f. O. 1865, p. 413 • Gray, Rand-l i. 
p. 120. 
Above dark ashy grey; head black, rump olivaceous yellow; 
superciliaries from the front to the neck white; no visible wing-
spot ; below, throat pale ashy, abdomen yellow, flanks olivaceous ; 
crissum, under wing-coverts, and inner margins of wing-feathers 
white ; bill black, feet dark brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-2, 
tail 1*8. Female similar. Young. Above dark slaty olive, with the 
white superciliaries and yellow rump only faintly indicated • below 
medially yellowish, passing into cinereous at the sides. 

Rah. Cayenne, Lower Amazonia, S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 

This species presents transitional forms in Bolivia to C. mexicana 
and in Guiana to C. luteola, as already remarked under the heads of 
these species. Some Bolivian skins show a small white alar speculum, 
in others this is obsolete. * 

a. 3 ad. sk.; b, Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. § ad. sk. (Whitely).^ 
d. S 
ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
e. J ad. sk. R. Atapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
f,ff-<$ $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). < 
h, i. <$ J ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
{Whitely). ^ 
;'. 
<3 jr. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(Whitely). 

k. Ad. sk. British Guiana (Spence), Sclater Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Oyapok, Cayenne. Purchased. 
m. Ad. sk. Oyapok, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7i. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
2 a(i-sk« Cobati, Rio Negro Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wallace). 

o.
p. 
3 ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wallace). 
q. A d. sk. Para, Lower Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
r. 
<$ jr. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Amazons (Wallace). 
s. $ ad. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t, u. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (W. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Forbes). 

v. 3 ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil ( W. A. Sclater Coll. 
Fo?%bes). 
w-z. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

CCEEEBTBm. 

a', b'. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. 
<$ ad. sk. 5 d'. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Brazil (Joyner). 
d. 
Ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
(Joyner). 
f. 
Ad. sk.; g\ Baganti, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
ti. Ad. sk. Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
i',f. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 


16. CertHola barbadensis. 
Certliiola barbadensis, Baird, Am. Nat. vii. p. 612; id. N. A. B. i. 
p. 428 (1874); Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 178; Pddgw. Pr. 
U. S. JV.JkT.1885,p. 28. 
Certliiola martinicana, Scl. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 174. 
Above ashy black, with a very faint olive uropygial "band; super


ciliaries white• sides of head and throat black, with a small median 

white blotch on the latter; breast and belly yellow; crissum, under 

wing-coverts, and inner margin of wing-feathers white; tail black, 

tipped with white : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 1*5, tail 1*5. 

Hob. Barbadoes. 

a. Ad. sk. Barbadoes (Schomburgk). Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Barbadoes (Briggs). Sclater Coll. 
17. CertMola martinicana. (Plate V. fig. 1.) 
Certhia martinicana sive saccharivora, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 611. 

Certhiola martinicana, Beicftenb. Handb. p. 252 (1853) ; Casein, Pr. 
Ac. So. Phil 1864, p. 271; Gray, Hand4. i. p. 120; Sclat. P. Z. tf. 
1871, p. 269 (St. Lucia); Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1871, 

p. 788; Semper, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 640 ; Lawrence, Pr. U. S. N M. 
1878, p. 354 (Martinique) ; Baird, Am. Nat. vii. p. G12; id. 
N.A.B.i.^.m. 
Certhiola flaveola, Scl. Ibis,l862, p. 288. 
Certhiola albigula, Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 259 (1854); id. Notes Orn. 


p. 51; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 167 ; Simd. (Efo. K. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 
1869, p. 624. 
Above ashy black, with a faint olive-yellow nropygial band; 
superciliaries white; below, middle of throat white, chin and sides 
of throat black; breast and belly yellow; crissum, tinder wing-coverts, 
and inner margins of wing-feathers white; tail black, tipped with 
white ; bill black, feet dark brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 
1*5, tail 1*5. Female similar. 

Hah. Martinique and St. Lucia. 
This is a distinct species, having the rump-band almost obsolete, 
and a pure white patch in the middle of the throat. 

a. Ad. sk. Martinique. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Santa Lucia, "West Indies Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Semper). 
e~e. Ad. sk. Santa Lucia, West Indies Sclater Coll. 
(Semper). 

12 . GLOSSIPTILA. 
18. Certhiola finschi. 
Certhiola finschii, Ridgw. P\ II. 8. N. M. 1885, p. 25. 
Similar to G. martinicana, but 'back slate-colour; superciliary 
stripe mostly yellow; a small white spot on each side of nape. 
(Ridgway.) 

Bah. Dominica (?). 

My impression is that these yellow-browed birds are in young-
plumage. 

19. CertMola atrata. 
Certhiola atrata, Lawr. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sri. i. p. 150 j id. Proc. 
U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1878, pp. 190,269, 487; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 40; 
Ridgw. P. U. 8 N. M. 1885, p. 30. 
Dicseum aterrimum, Lesson, TraitedOm. i. p. 303 (1831); Puckeran, 
Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 134; 8aZv. et Godm. Biol C.-A., Aves. I 

p. 251(f). 
Uniform dull black; slightly olivascent on the rump and abdomen; 
bill and feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1*5. 
Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Hab. St. Yincent and Grenada, W. I. 

a. Ad. sk. St. Vincent, W. I. {Bailey). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. (S ad. sk.; d. Grenada, W. I. (J. Grant Sclater Coll. 
2 ad. sk. Wells). 


Subfamily IV. GLOSSIPTILINJE. 

The correct position of the monotypic form Glossiptila is, perhaps, 
still a little uncertain. It was formerly placed with the Tanagers 
in the genus Tanayrdla. Bonaparte in his * Conspectus' associated 
it with the Finches of the genus Loxigilla. But the structure of the 
tongue, as described by Gosse, led me in 1856 to isolate it under 
the generic name Glossvptila, that of Neomis (previously suggested 
by Hartlaiib) having been already appropriated. I now propose to 
raise this curious Antillean type to the rank of a subfamily among 
the Goerebidce. 

12. GLOSSIPTILA. T 
Type. 
Neornis, Marti Nachtr. z. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 8 (1846), 
nee Hodgson G. ruficollis. 
Glossiptila, 8cl P. Z. S.1856, p. 269 G. ruficollis. 

The nesting of Glossiptila is described by Gosse (B. Jam. p. 236). 
The nest is cup-shaped; the eggs white, spotted with dull red. 

CKEKEBID2E. 

1. Glossiptila ruficollis. 
Motacilla campestris, Linn. AS'. iV^ i. p. 329 (J) ? 
American Hedge-Sparrow, Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. iii. pi. 122. 
Rufous-throated Tanager, Lath. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 241. 
Tanagra ruficollis, Gm. 8. N. ii. p. 894. 


Structure of Glossiptila. 
Tanagrella ruficollis, Gray et Mitch. Gen., App. p. 17 ; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 236; Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 236; id. Lll. B. Jam. pi. 58. 
Tachyphonus rufigularis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 320. 
Pyrrhulagra ruficollis, Bp. Consp. p. 493 {excl. syn.). 
Neornis cserulea, Hartl. Nachtr. z. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 8 (descr. 
nulla). 
Rufous-chinned Finch, yar. A, Lath. Gen. Hist. vi. p. 126. 
Glossiptila ruficollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 269, 1861, p. 73; 

id. Cat. A. B. p. 54; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 17. 
Certhiola ruficollis, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 120. 


Above and below dull plumbeous blue ; lores black ; throat chestnut-
red ; wings and tail dull black, slightly edged with blue ; bill 
black; feet dark brown: whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2*8, tail 
1*8. Female. Dull grey, beneath paler ; with a brownish tinge on 
the back; wings and tail brownish. 

Hah. Jamaica. 

a, b. $ 5 ao^-s^« Moncague, Jamaica {Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
c,d. $ 2 ad. sk. Moncague, Jamaica (Brya?it). Sclater Coll. 
e,f. <S § ad. sk. Moncague, Jamaica (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. <3 ad. sk. Chesterfield, Jamaica. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Jamaica. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i, j. <5 $ ad. sk. Jamaica. Purchased. 
TANAGBEDJE. 

Family TANAGRID^. 

The Tanagers are another family of nine-primaried Oscines 
characteristic of the Neotropical Region, to which, with the exception 
of some species of Pyranga that visit North America in 
summer, they are altogether restricted. They are mostly birds of 
small size, the largest Pityli and Saltatores barely exceeding a Song-
Thrush, and the smallest being some of the Buphomce, which are 
hardly four inches in length. In essential structure the Tanagers 
are closely allied to the Pinches, and it is in many cases exceedingly 
difficult, if not impossible, to draw a line between the two groups 
(compare some of the Buarremones with Atlapetes). On the other 
hand, some of the Tanagers have also nearly equally close relations 
with the 1)1 aiotiltidee and the Ccerebidce ; and I do not think it is at 
present practicable to give any absolute characters which would serve 
to differentiate the birds of these three families in all cases. 

As a general rule the Tanagers are separable from the Pinches by 
the possession of a notch near the end of the upper mandible, 
and may therefore be called " Den tiros tral Pinches." But ihis 
notch is obsolete or scarcely apparent in certain genera (e. g. Ohiorochrysa 
and Arremon), while it is very strongly developed in 
others (Tachyphonus and Lanio). The principal food of the typical 
Tanagers appears to be ripe fruit, and in the ease of the Euphoniince 
(see p. 53) the digestive organs seem to have undergone a very 
peculiar modification from long persistence in this diet; but other 
Tanagers feed on seeds and grain after the manner of Pinches. 

Certain genera of Tanagers (Chlorochryw, Calliste, BhampJiocoplus, 
Pyranga) are remarkable, even in the Ornis of South America, for the 
rich colours of their plumage. In some cases (Pyranga and Bhamphoccslus) 
this brilliancy is confined to the male sex; in others (Calliste, 
CTdorochrysa, &c.) the sexes are nearly alike in brilliant colouring. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

A*. Bill very short, much broadened at 
the base ; upper mandible hooked, 
slightly notched: wings long; first 
three primaries nearly equal and 
longest; tail moderate I. PROCNIATIN.E, p. 50. 

B. 
Bill short, swollen at base, but not 
so much broadened; upper mandible 
hooked, with a terminal notch 
and usually two or three slight 
serrations behind it; wings moderate, 
first three primaries nearly 
equal and longest: tail very short; 
tarsus short. II. EUPHONIINJE, p. 52. 
C. Bill more lengthened, subulate, with 
a single terminal notch (sometimes 
obsolete) on the upper mandible; 
tail moderate; tarsus moderate .. III. TANAGBINJE, p. 86. 
VOL. XI. 
E 

TAK"AGKID.E. 

D. 
Bill straight, stout; terminal hook 
strong, no median tooth; gonys 
straight: tail moderate; feet large, 
claws strong and sharp IV. LAMPROTINM, p. 231. 
E. 
Bill much lengthened and compressed, 
with a slight terminal 
notch: tail moderate or long: tarsus 
rather short V. PHCEXICOPMILIX^, 
F. 
Bill short, stout, conical, Fringilline, [p. 233. 
terminal notch sometimes obsolete; 
wings rather shorter than in Tana-
grime ; tail usually moderate, sometimes 
elongated VI. PITYLIXJS, p. 236. 
Subfamily I. PROCNIATIN^E. 

The peculiar form denominated " Procnias *9 by Illiger in 1816, 
from its large Swallow-like gape and lengthened wings, was considered 
to be allied to the Cotingidce, until Dr. Cabanis, in 1845, 
first pointed out the incontrovertible fact that, having only nine 
primaries and caligated tarsi, it was an Oscinine form, and would be 
better placed in the Tanagridae. I cannot, however, consider 
Procnias so closely allied to the Euphonian Tanagers as to justify 
us in putting Ghloroplionia viridis in the same genus, as Dr. Cabanis 
formerly proposed to do. But having elevated Procnias to the rank 
of a subfamily, I think it may be placed at one end of the Tanagridae, 
although its nesting-habits rather point to an alliance with the 
EirundinklcB, for Herr Carl Euler tells us (J. f. 0. 1667, p. 411) 
that Procnias nests in holes in trees or in the ground, sometimes 
using those made by Jacamars, and lays three or four pure white eggs. 

1. PROOTIAS. 
Type. 

Procnias, III. Prodr. p. 228 (1811) 
P. tersa. 

Tersa, Vieill. Analyse, p. 38 (1816) 
p. tersa! 

Tersina, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiii. p. 400 (1819) p. tersa. 

Procnias is extensively distributed in the Neotropical Pie^-ion 
from the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta down to South Brazil.' 
Two local forms may be recognized, distinguishable only by size. 

1. Procnias tersa. 
Ampelis tersa, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298. 

Procnias ventralis, III. Prodr. p. 228; Temm. PI. Col 5 • Mar 

Beitr. iii. p. 315 ; Tseh. F. P., Aves, pp. 29, 196. 

Tersina caerulea, Vieill. Nouv. Did. xxxiii. p. 401; id. Gal. Ois. ii 

pi. 119 ; d'Orb. etLafr. Syn. Av. I p. 41 j d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 298*. 

Procnias hirundinacea, Siv. Zool. III. ser. 1, pi. 21. 

Procnias tersa, Pp. Consp. i. p. 232; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 329; Burm 

Syst Ueb. iii. p. 191; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 55 j Gray, Hand-L ii" 

p. 77; Salv. Sf Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 199; Scl et Sab. P. Z. S 
1879, p. 597; lid. Nomencl, p. 17; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 139 -Salv 
Cat Strickl. Coll. p. 178 j id. Ibis, 1885, p. 207 (Brit. Guiana) 
Procnias caerulea, Dubois, Eev. Zool. 1801, p. 620; Berlemoh Thi* 
1881, p. 244. J ' > 
Procnias occidentalis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 240, 1855, p. 153 I85g 

1 . PKOCNIAS. 
pp. 74, 452, I860, p. 375; id. Cat. A. B. p. 55; Gray, Hand-l. i 

p. 77; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 566 (Ucayali), 1867, p 749 
(E. Peru) et p. 977 (Pebas), 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela), 1869, p. 597 
(W. Peru), 1873, p. 260 (E. Peru); iid, Nomencl p. 17; Pelz. Orn 
Bras. p. 132 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 518 (Central Peru) ; id. Orn. 
Perou, ii. p. 437. 
Procnias 
caerulea occidentalis, Berl. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 288: Bed et 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 76. 

Structure of Procnias. 

Bright turquoise-blue ; wings and tail black, edged with, similar 
blue ; front, sides of the face, and throat jet-black; middle of belly 
and crissum pure white; sides of belly blue, traversed by narrow 
black cross bands; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 6 
inches, wing 3-7, tail 2-2. Female. Above bright green; wings 
and tail brownish black, edged with similar green : below green, 
crossed by narrow yellowish transverse bars; middle of belly and 
crissum pale yellow; throat greyish brown, minutely freckled ; bill 
plumbeous; feet brown. 

Hah. South America from Colombia down to Eolivia and S. Brazil. 

Specimens of Procnias, except those from S.E. Brazil, seem rather 
referable to the smaller subspecies, occidentalis. But some of them 
are certainly intermediate in size; I therefore now quite agree 
with Messrs. Salvin and Godman (Ibis, 1879, p. 199) that the 
smaller form is untenable as a species, the difference being solely 
one of dimensions, in which also there is considerable variation. 

E2 

TANAGRID.E. 

a. 
Subsp. ti/pica. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a} b. cJ ? ad. sk.; Pernambuco, Brazil (W. A. 

c. tf jr. sk. Forbes). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

<?, fi. c?'$ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wtioherer). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

/ . <5 ad. sk. Bio Janeiro, Brazil (Youds). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

//, ^- c? 2 ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). 

J. Gould; Esq. 
», y. 3 ad. sk. ^ ft. S. America. 
$ ad. sk. 

b. 
Subsp. occidentalis. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a, b. <S 2 ad. sk.; Roraima, British Guiana 

c. d jr. sk. (Whitely). 
Sclater Coll. 

<?. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

& J ad. sk. Venezuela (Spence), 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

/. <$ ad. sk. Carip6, Venezuela (Ooeriny). 

Sclater Coll. (Types 

y, h. & J ad. sk. Bogota. 

of P. occidentalis.) 
Purchased. 

«. (5 ad. sk. Colombia. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

j\ k. £ $ ad. sk. Reniedios, Antioquia"(&z/won). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

/. d ad. sk. Manaure, Santa Marta, Colombia 
(Simons). 

m. S ad. sk. Minca, Colombia (Simons). Sclater Coll. 
w. $ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Eraser). Sclater Coll. 
o. c? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. $ ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. 3 ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. d ad. sk. Bolivia 
(Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Subfamily II. EUPHONIINiE. 

The EupJioniince, although more closely allied to the typical 
Tanagers than the Procniatince, present well-marked external 
differences in their short swollen bill, thick head, and short tail. 
The upper mandible in the EupJionihuv is usually provided with 

p. 
Stomach of Euphonia violacea. (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 145.) 

A portion of the alimentary canal of Euphonia violacea, twice the natural size 
cut open and seen from behind, to show the j:>roventriculus (p), the 
narrow zone representing the gizzard (#), and the commencement of the 
small intestine (sm.i) The liver and spleen are also seen, as is the end 
of the oesophagus, which is opened up. 

2. CHLOROPnONIA. 5 3 
several small serrations, situated behind the normal notch; but 
these are barely discernible even in some species of true Euphoria, 
and in Pyrrhuphonia and Hypoplicm seem to be altogether 
obsolete. 

The very peculiar structure of the digestive tube of the Euphonias 
was first pointed out by Lund. Porbes's article (P. Z. S. 1880, 

p. 144) contains an account of all that we yet know upon this 
interesting subject. 
Key to the Genera, 

A. Upper mandible -with a terminal notch. [p. 53. 
a. Plumage bright green 2. CHLonopiioisriA, 
b. Plumage mobtly black and yellow 3*. EUPHONIA, p. 58. 
B. Upper mandible without any terminal notch. 
c. Tail rather long ; 4. HYPOPIOSA, p. 84d. 
Tail short (as in Euphonia) 5. PYBBHUPHONIA, 
[p. 85. 
2. CHLOBOPHOIOA* 
Type. 
Chlorophonia, Pp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 137 C. viriclis. 
Triglyphidia, JReieh. Av. Syst. Nat. pi. Ixiii. (1850) No type given. 
Acrocompsa, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861; p. 88 0. calloplirys. 

This group of nine species is, as Messrs. Salvin and Gfodman have 
lately pointed out (Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 252), barely separable 
from Euphonia in structure, although their bright grass-green 
colour renders them easily recognizable. The area occupied by the 
group extends from South Mexico to Southern Brazil and Bolivia, 
being nearly the same as that of Euphonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Cap bright green. 
a. Bill black. 
a'. Front green. 
a". Rump blue: 
J belly pale yellow I. m'ridis, p. 54. 
j belly dark yellow 2. longipennis, p. 54. 

b". Rump green 3. torrejoni, p. 55. 

b'. Front yellow: 
j interscapulium green 4. frontalis, p. 55. 
| interscapulium blue 5. roraimce, p. 56. 

b. Bill yellow C.flavirostris, p. 5Q. 
B. Cap bright blue 7. pretrii} p. 56. 
C. Cap green, with a bright blue nuchal spot. 
c. Superciliaries green 8. occipitalis, p. 57. 
d. Superciliaries yellow 9. calloplirys, p. 68. 
* Euphonia cyanodorsalis, Dubois, Bev. Zool. 1859, p. 49, tab. 2, from 
Guatemala, is a very doubtful species of this genus (cf. Berlepsch, Ibis, 1881, 
p. 379). The type is lost. 
TAN'AGBID.E. 

1. Chloropho&ia viridis. 
Tanagra viridis, Vieill Nouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 426 • id. Fnc. Meih. 
p. 784: Tenun. PI. Col. 36. fig. 3. 
Pipra cklorocapilla, Shaio, Zool. xiii. p. 255. 
Euplionia viridis, Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 233; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851; 
p. 88; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 107. 
Procnias viridis, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 197. 
Chlorophonia viridis,Bp. Bev. Zool 1851, p. 137; id. Notes.l. Taw/. 
p. 12; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 269 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 95; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 55; Scl. et Salv. JEv. Orn. p. 81 ; iid. Nomencl. 
p. 17 5 iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 598 (Bolivia); Pelz. Orn. JBras.ip.2Q2. 
Bright grass-green ; whole back and tail-coverts and eye-circlet 
shining "blue; wings and tail black, edged with green, the wing-
coverts suffused with blue; abdomen bright yellow; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white; bill dark 
plumbeous ; feet brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2'6n 
tail 1'5. Female. Similar, but not so bright, and with the blue of 
the back only on the back of the neck and rump ; abdomen yellowish 
green. 
Ilab. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. cf ? ad. sk.;
c. d1 jr. 
Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. <$ jr. st.
e. 2 ad. st.
fyff-6 ? ad- sk.
k. S ad. sk.
*. 5 ad. sk. 
S. America. 
Eio. ^ 
Itio Janeiro, Brazil (Yoitds). 
Baliia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Pelotas, Hio Grande do Sul 
Purchased. 
IULWood,Esq.[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . J ad. sk.
(Joyuer). 
Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Chlorophonia longipeimis. 
Euplionia longipennis, JDu Bus, Bull. Acad. Brux. xxii. pt. i. p. 156 
(1855). 
Chlorophonia longipennis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 158,1856, p. 270; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 96; id. Cat. A. B. p. 55 ; Scl. et Salv. JEx. Orn. 

p. 82, t. xli. Hg. 2; iid. Nomencl. p. 17. 
Similar to G. viridis, but with the abdomen brighter yellow, and 
more clearly defined in contrast with the green of the breast; wing 
perhaps rather longer. 

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

I look upon this as a very doubtful species, but am unwilling 
to unite it with G. viridis without access to a fuller series 
of specimens from intermediate localities. 

a. S ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
b. S ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
e, d. <$ $ ad. sk, Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. <$ ad.sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. S 
ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 
2. CHLOKOPHONIAr 
3. Chlorophonia torrejoni. 
Chlorophonia viridis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 225. 
Chlorophonia tonejoni, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 9. pi, i.fig. 1; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 438. 

Bright grass-green, rump rather brighter; broad patch on 
the back of the neck and eye-circlet shining blue; abdomen 
greenish yellow, brighter in the middle; tinder wing-coverts and 
inner margins of the wing-feathers white; bill dark horn-colour; 
feet brown: whole length 3*7inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*3. Female 
similar, but less bright in colours (Tacz.). 
Hob. Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. 

Had not M. Stolzmann obtained examples of both sexes of this 
species, I should have taken it for the female of 0. viridis or 0. Iongipennis, 
which it nearly resembles, except in the rump being bright 
green without any trace of blue. A skin from Bolivia (BucJcley) 
and another from Ecuador both appear to belong to this species, 
as does one skin from Bogota. 

a. c? ad. sk.
b. <5 ad. sk. 
Chirimoto, Peru (Stofemann). 
Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk.
d. S ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bolivia (Bucldey). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Chlorophonia frontalis. 
Euphonia frontalis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 89. 
Chlorophonia frontalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 270 ; id. Si/n. Av. Tan. 


p. 96; id. Cat. A. B. p. 55; Scl. et Salv. Ev. Orn. p. 81, t. xli. 
tig. 1; iid. Nomencl. p, 17; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 199. 
Bright grass-green : broad collar on nape, eye-circlet, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts bright blue • wings and tail black, edged with 
green ; front yellow; abdomen bright yellow; under wing-coverts 
pale yellowish; inner margin of wing-feathers white; bill dark 
horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2'6, tail 
1-5. Female. Like the male, but not so bright; blue collar on nape 
less distinct; rump green; yellow front less evident; abdomen 
greenish yellow. 

Hob. "Venezuela and Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. 

This species was originally based on a specimen obtained from 
Verreaux, of Paris, and labelled " Ecuador." But I have little 
doubt this locality was an error, and that the skin was really from 
Venezuela, wThence specimens of the same species were transmitted 
by Lovraud to the Paris Museum. Examples from the Sierra Nevada 
of Santa Marta (Simons) seem to be similar to the Venezuelan bird. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. (Type of 
F. frontalis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 88.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. 6 ad. sk. Caracas (Dyson). Purchased. 
d. 
J ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Marta, Colombia (Simons). 
e. 
$ ad.sk. Valley of Chinchichua, Santa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Marta, Colombia (Simons). 
TA^AGItlD^. 

5. Chlorophonia roraiinse. (Plate YI. fig. 1.) 
Chlorophonia 
roraiinae, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 444; Salvin, 
Bin, 1885, p. 208. 

Bright grass-green; nuchal collar, eye-circlet, rump, and upper 

tail-coverts bright blue : interscapulium strongly glossed with the 

same colour; wings and tail black, edged with green ; front yellow : 

abdomen bright yellow; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 

wing-feathers white, axillaries pale yellow ; bill dark horn-colour ; 

feet brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*4. Feuiale 

similar, but colours not so bright • interscapulium wholly green 


abdomen greenish yellow. 

Hah. Eoraima Mountains, British Guiana. 

Rather smaller than C. frontalis, and with the interscapulium in 

the adult male strongly washed with blue. The female also differs 

from C. frontalis $ in having the rump blue. 

a-c. <$ ad. sk.; Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
d-e. J ad. &k. {Whitehj). (Types of the species.) 
fjff, $ 5 ad. nk. Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
{Whitehj). 

6. CMorophonia flavirostris. (Plate YI. fig. 2.) 
Chlorophonia flavirostris, Sclat P. Z. S. 1801, p. 120; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 55 j Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 84 ; iid. Romencl p. 17. 
Uniform bright grass-green; wings and tail black, edged with 
similar green: below rather paler; middle of belly and orissum 
pale yellow; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
white; eye-circlet and slight chin-spot pale yellow; bill and feet 
yellow: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*2. 

Hal. Ecuador. 

The type specimen, which is at present unique, is probably a 
female. It is at once distinguished by its yellow bill and "the 
narrow circlet of yellow feathers round the eye. 

a. $ (?) sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
7. Chlorophonia pretrii. 
Tanagra (Euphonia) pretrei, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 97; id. Maa. 
Zool 1843, Ois. pi. 42(d). 
Euphonia pretrei, JBp. Consp. i. p. 23S; Sclater. Contr. Orn. 1851, 

p. 89. 
Chlorophonia pretrei, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 138; id. Fofes. I Tang. 
p. 12; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 159, 1856, p. 270; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 96; id. Cat A B. p. 55; Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 84; 
Ud. Nomenel p. 17; Ud. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 780 (Merida), 1879, p. 498 
(Antioquia). 
Euphonia pyrrhopkrys, Scl Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 89, t. 75. fig. 2 (J ). 

Above dark green; cap bright blue; front green, divided from 

2 . CHLOROPHOtflA. 
57 

the blue cap by a dark red line, which is continued over the eyes; 
rump yellow; wings and tail black, edged with green: below, throat 
and neck bright grass-green, bordered below by a narrow dark 
maroon band ; middle of belly and crissum dark chestnut; 
sides of belly bright yellow; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of wing-feathers white: bill black; feet brown: whole length 
5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1*5. Female. Above dark green; cap 
blue; front and superciliaries chestnut: below, throat and neck 
bright green ; abdomen greenish yellow. 

Hah. Colombia, and Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 

This splendid species is easily recognizable by its blue cap and 
the chestnut in the middle of the belly. Evphonla pyrrhoplirys was 
based on the female. 

a. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of E. pyrrhophrys.) 

c. (5 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. o ad. • Bogota. Gould Coll. 
/, g. ? ad. sk. 
h, i. S ? ad, sk. Vicinity of Medellin, Salvin-Godman Coll 
CJ. S. 0. (Salmon). 
/. S ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Goering). 

8. Chlorophonia occipitalis. 
Euphonia occipitalis, Du Bus, Esq. Orn. pi. 14 ($); Jard. Ibis, 

I860, p. 103 ; Bp. Consp. i.p. 233 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 90. 

Chlorophonia occipitalis, Bp. Bev. Zool 1851, p. 138; id. Note s. I. 

Tang. p. 12; Cass. Bep. U.S. Astr. Edp. ii. p. 182, pi. 20. f. 2 (<$): 

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 270, 1857, n. 205, 1850, p. 364, 1864, 

p. 173 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 06; id. Cat. A. B. p. 55; Sclat. et Salv. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 17 ; iid. Ex. Orn. p. 83, t. xlii.; iid. No-mend. p. 17; 
Simiichr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. II i. p. 550• Lawr. Bull. U. S. N M. 
no. 4, p. 18 j Salv. et Godm. Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 253. 
Acrocompsa occipitalis, Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 80. 

Above bright grass-green ; wings and tail black, edged with similar 
green; large occipital spot and narrow neck-band brilliant pale 
blue: below, throat and breast bright green, bordered below by a 
narrow band of dark maroon ; centre of belly and crissum yellow ; 
sides of belly and flanks bright green; tinder wing-coverts whitish; 
inner margins of wing-feathers pale cinereous; bill dark slatecolour 
; feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 1*8. 
Female. Above like the male, but with the blue collar less strongly 
marked; below rather duller green, centre of belly and crissum 
3Tcllowish. 

Hah. Southern Mexico and Vera Paz. 

The bright occipital spot distinguishes this species from all others 
except C. callojphrys, from which it differs in the want of the yellow 
superciliaries. 

58 TAN^GEIDJS. 
a. b. S 9. ad. sk. Near City of Mexico Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
c. S ad. sk.
d. <$ ad. bk.
{White). 
Jalapa, Mex. (de Oca). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salv. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . 2 ad. sk.
g. 2 ad. sk.
et Godm.). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. <$ J a(h st.
(Salvin). 
Cohan, Guatemala. Purchased. 

9. CMorophonia callophrys. 
Triglyphidia callophrys, Cab. J.f. 0. 1800, p. 331. 
Acrocompsa callophrys, Cab. J.f 0. 18(31, p. 88. 
CMorophonia callophrys, Laicr. Ann. L. X. Y. ix. p. 08; Scl. et 


Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 8-1; iid. Nomencl. p. 17; Frantz. J. f. 0. 18U9, 

p. 297 ; Salvin, F. Z. S. 1870, p. 185; Boacard, F. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 54 ; Salv. et Godm. Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 254 
Above bright grass-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with 
similar green; broad superciliaries, widened on the nape, golden 
yellow; whole of occiput bright turquoise-blue, passing into a 
narrow posterior neck-collar of more greenish blue: below, throat 
and breast bright green, bordered below by a narrow dark maroon 
band; abdomen bright yellow; sides of belly and flanks bright 
green; inner margins of wing-feathers pale cinereous; bill black ; 
feet dark brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 1*8. Female. 
Eright green, nape turquoise-blue; below rather paler, centre of 
abdomen yellow. 

Hob. Mountains of Costa Rica and Veragua. 

Eeadily known from the preceding by its yellow superciliaries 
and the turquoise-blue of the occiput. The female is much like 
that of C. occipitalis, but is also distinguishable by the (liferent 
blue on the head. 

a. $ ad.sk. Costa Pica (CarmioT). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c} d. <$ J ad. et Irazu distr., Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Rogers). 
e)f-6 $ ad.; g, h. Calovevora, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<$ 2 P* sk. (Arce). 
i, j. 6 $ ad. sk. Volcan de Ckiriqui, south- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
era slope (Arce). 
k,l. <$ $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 

3. 
EUPHORIA. 
Type. 
Enphonia, Besm. Hist. Nat. d. Tang, sub tab. 19 

(1805) E. musica. 
Cyanophonia, Bp. Fev. Zool. 1851, p. 138 E. musica. 
Acroleptes, ( Bp. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, vol. i. p. 127 
Iliolopha, | (1854) No types given. 
Phonasca, Cab. J.f 0.18C0, p. 330 E. violacea. 
Acroleptes, Cab. j.f O. 1861, p. 90 E. chlorotica. 

3 . EUPHONIA. 
This rather extensive genus is widely diffused in the Neotropical 
Region, from Southern Mexico to Bolivia and Paraguay, It is 
represented by a small group of three species in the Antillean Subregion, 
but in the Patagonian Eegion is absent, except that one 
species occurs in the Sierra of Cordoba and probably in other 
northern wooded districts of the Argentine Republic. 

The true Euphonies are all of small size, and as regards the male 
sex mostly of brilliant colours. They are arboreal in their habits 
and fly little, but are said to congregate in considerable numbers in 
fruit-bearing trees, eating incessantly. Little is known of their 
nesting; but eggs of E. elegantissima, taken at Juquila in Oaxaca, in 
May, were of a creamy white with a few scattered spots and blotches, 
principally at the larger end, of two shades of brown (P. Z. S. 1859, 

p. 378). 
Key to the Sections of Euphonia. 

A, Cap blue SECT. I., p. 59. 

R. Cap not blue. 
a. Plumage above glossy black ; front of head 
yellow : 
I throat black; belly yellow SECT. II., p. 63. 
( whole under surface yellow SECT. III., p. 73. 

b. Plumage above uniform glossy black SECT. IV., p. 79. 
c. Plumage above olive-green SECT. V., p. 81. 
SECT. I. 

Species with cap blue : allied to E. musica. (EUPHONIA.) 

Key to the Species of Sect. I. 

A. Back glossy black; rump yellow. 
a. Front yellow, bordered with black. 
a'. Throat black, abdomen yellow : 
abdomen orange-yellow 1. musica, p. 59. 
abdomen golden yellow' 2. imigniSj p. 60. 

br. Throat orange-yellow, uniform with 
abdomen ; 3. selaterij p. 60. 
b, Front black in $, orange-yellow in § 4. nigricollis, p. 61. 

R. Back and rump alike glossy black 5. elegantissima, p. 62. 
C. Back yellowish green 6. JiavifronSj p. 63. 
1. Euphonia musica. 
L'Organiste, Buff. JET. N. Ois. iv. p. 290. 

L'Organiste de S. Domingue, Daub. PL Enh 809.fig. 1. 

Pipra musica, Gm. S. N. I p. 1004 (1788). 

Tanagra musica, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 783. 

Euphonia musica, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 367; id. Hand-L ii. p. 77; 

JBp. Consp. i. p. 232 ; Mat Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 82; id. P. Z. S. 

1856, p. 271, 1857, p. 231; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 97; Scl et Salv 

Nommcl. p. 17; Tristram,, Ibis, 1884, p. 168. 

Euphonia eseruleocephala, 8io. Class, B. ii. p. 286 (1837). 

TANAGEIDJE. 

Above purplish black ; broad front yellow, bordered behind by a 
black line; cap blue; rump and upper tail-coverts orange-yellow : 
below orange-yellow; throat glossy black; axillaries pale yellow ; 

•under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white ; bill 
and feet black : whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1-5. 
Female. Olive-green, below rather lighter and yellowish ; cap blue ; 
front tinged with orange-yellow. 
ffab. San Domingo. 
The statement of Lembeye that this species occurs in Cuba is an 
error. (Cf. Gundlach, J. f. 0. 1855, p. 476, and 1801, p. 4u9.) 

a. S jr. ; b.
5 ad. sk. 
San Domingo (McGrigor). Sclater Coll. 
c-e.
/ . 
<$ ad. sk. 
3 ad. sk. 
San Domingo (Salle). 
Samana, San Domingo (Cory). 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 

2. Euphonia insignis. 
Euphonia 
insisrnis, Scl. et Sal v. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 521, pi. 52. fig. 1; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 10. 

Glossy black; cap and nape blue; front chestnut-yellow, bordered 
behind by a black Hue; rump yellow, upper tail-coverts glossy 
black like the back; below bright yellow, throat black: whole 
length 4*6 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1*6. 
Ifab. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). 

Besides the two male specimens of this fine Euphonia from Messrs. 
Salvin and Godman's collection, I have seen but one other, from 
Ecuador also. The species is very near E. musica* but distinguishable 
by its narrower and more chestnut-yellow front, the Math upper 
tail-coverts, and brighter yellow under-plumage. The female is not 
known. 

a, h. S ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

3. Euphonia sclateri 
Euphone 
organiste, Desm. Tmig, t. 19 (J) et 20 ( $ ) ; Vieill Gal. 
Ois. Suppl. pi. s. n. (c? et $). 
Cyanopkonia musica, Pp. Pev. Zool. 1851, p. 188; id. Kate s. I. Tang. 

p. 12. 
Euphoniaflavifrons, Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 271 ; id 8yn. Av. Tan. p. 97 
(nee Sparrm.). 
Euphonia 
sclateri, Pp. in Mus. Parr, Sund. CEfv. Vet.-Ah. Forfr. 
18(59, p. 596; Sclat. et Salv. Nomencl p. 17; Gundl J.f. 0. Ib74, 

p. 311, 1878, p; 169; id. An. Soc. Fsp. H. K. Ib78? p. 191. 
Euphonia bryanti, Paird, MS. 
Above purplish black ; cap blue; front orange-yellow, bordered 
behind by a black line; rump and body below orange-yellow : whole 
length 4-2 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1-4. Female. Olive-green, rump 
rather lighter ; cap blue; front red ; below yellowish olive-green. 
Eab. Porto Rico. 

3 . EUPHONIA. 
61 

. Mange's specimens of this species are still in the Paris Museum, 
and were formerly confounded by me(Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 82) with 
EupliQiiia musica. Bonaparte (Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 138) also fell 
into the same error, but on discovering the mistake designated the 
species in MS. E. sclaitri, which name was adopted by Sundevall. 
The Porto-Rico bird is clearly distinguishable by the absence of the 

black throat. 
a. o bk Porto Rico (Oilman). Sclater Coll. 
b,c. d ? ad. Porto Rico (Staid). Sclater Coll. 

4. Euphonia nigricollis. 
Lindu azul y oro cabeza celeste, Azara, Apunt i. p. 390. 
Eupbone musica, 31a r. Beitr. iii. p. 443. 
Pipra cyanocephala, Yieill Nouv. Bid. xix. p. 165 (J). 
Tanasra nigrieolrL, Yieill. Nouv. Bid. xxxii. p. 412 ; id. Enc. Mttk. 


p. 7-2. 
Tanagra aureata, Yieill. Enc. Metli. p. 782. 
Tanagra chry^nga^tra, Cuv. Regn. Anim. i. p. 3G6 (1829). 
Euphonia nigricollis, tTOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. in May. de Zool. 1837, 
p. 30; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 83, pi. 75. fig. 1; 'id. P. Z. S. 1855, 
p. 159, 185(1, p. 272,1858, p. 551, et 1860, pp. 65, 87; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 98; id. Cat. A. B. p. 50; Barm. Si/st. JJeb. iii. p. 193; 
Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 202; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. Iu7 
(Venezuela), 1870, p. 780 (Merida), 1873, p. 260 (E. Peru), 1879, 
p. 49S (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl p. 17: Flnsch, P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. 579 (Trinidad); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 518 (Centr. Peru), 
JL&79, p. 225 (X. Peru), 1880, p. 194 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 439; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 288 (Ecuador) ; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 208 (Brit. Guian.). 
Euphonia aureata, d?Orb. Yoy. p. 2G7; Bp. Consp. i. p. 233; Ilartl. 
hid. Az. p. 7. 
Ovaiiopnonia aureata, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 138; id. Note s. I. Tang. 
"p. 13. 

Above glossy purplish black; rump yellow; cap and nape blue ; 
front black: below orange-yellow, throat and sides of the bead 
black; axillaries pale yellow ; under wing-coverts whitish, inner 
margins of wing-feathers pale cinereous; bill black; feet pale 
brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 1*5. Female. 
Above olive-green, rather lighter on the rump; cap blue; front 
chestnut, with a narrow dark margin between it and the blue cap ; 
below yellowish olive-green, brighter on the belly. 

Hah, South America from Colombia down to Paraguay and 
Central Peru. Specimens from Western Ecuador (subsp. pehdui, 

v. Berlepsch) are of a paler (less orange) yellow on the rump and 
below. 
a, b. <Jjad.sk. Medellin, Antioquia,U.S.C. Salvin-GodmanColl. 
(Sahnon). 
c,d. d J ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. d ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
f. J jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
V, k-6 J a<h sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d ad. sk. Govinda, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 

62 TANA GRID J3. 
j , h cJ 5 ad. sk. 
I. <$ ad. sk. 
m. 2 ad. sk. 
n. § ad. sk. 
o, p. J ad. sk. 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Tambillo, Peru (Stokmann). 
CaripS, Venezuela (Goering). 
Trinidad. 
Eoraima, Brit. Guiana 
Gould Coll. 
Sckter Coll. 
Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q, r. $ J ad. sk. 
s, t. c? ? ad. sk. 
u. (S ad. sk.; 
v. 2 jr« sk. 
w. $ ad. sk. 
#. 2 a(i.st* 
(Wliitely). 
Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Ypanenia, Brazil (Nattertr). 
Brazil. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
J. Gould, Esq. 

o. 
Euphcmia elegantissima. 
Pipra elegantissima, Bp. P. Z. S.1837, p. 112. 
Euphonia ccelestis, Less. Rev, Zool. 1889, p. 42. 
Pipra galericulata, Giraud, B. of Texas, no. 10, pi. 5. fig. 2 (1841). 
Euphonia elegantissima, Bp. Comp. i. p. 232; Sclater et Salvin, Ibis, 


1859, p. 16 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 17 ; Du Bus, Esq. Orn. pi. 8 ; Sclater, 
Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 83; id. P. Z. S.1855, p. 6(5,1850, pp. 272, 303, 
1858, p. 303, 1859, pp. 364, 378,1864, p. 173 j id. Syn. Av. Tan. 

p. 98 ; id. Cat. A, B. p. 50; Cab. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 331; Laiurence, 
Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 98; v. Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 297; 
Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 185; Sumichr. Mem. Bast. Soc. JV. II. i. 
p. 550 j Salv. et Godm. Biol. C.-A., Aves, i. p. 250. 
Euphone tibieen, Licht. Preis-Verz. p. 2 (v. Cab. J. f. 0. 1863, 
p. 56). 
Above dark glossy purplish black ; cap and nape blue ; narrow 
front dark chestnut, bordered posteriorly by a narrow black line: 
below deep brownish, orange-red, throat black ; under wing-coverts 
and inner edges of wing-feathers white; bill black; feet pale 
brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*5. Female. Above 
olive-green, cap blue; front chestnut; below yellowish olive, brighter 
in the middle of the belly, throat pale red. 

Hob. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama. 
A very distinct species in both sexes, the male having the rump 
not yellow but like the back, and the female a red throat. 

a, b. <3 2 ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
c, c? ad. sk. Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


d. 
2 ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico. Purchased. 
e. 
c? ad. sk. Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fe-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
?iochio), 
tf ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 

tf ad. sk. Eidge above Calderas, Vol-Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. 


can de Fuego (Salvin). 

h. 
c? ad. sk, Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. 
6 jr. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<$ ad. sk. Volcan de Cartago, Costa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eica (Arce). 
/. <$ jr. sk. Irazn distr., Costa Eica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Rogers). 

3 . EUPHONIA. 63 
m.
n, o.
p} q 
$ ad. sk. 
$ 2 a(i-s^. 
tf <j> ad. sk. 
Tnrrialba, Costa Rica{Arce). 
Calovevora,Verag-Lia(^4r6^), 
Yeragia (Arce), 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Solater Coll. 
6. Euphouia flavifrons. 

Emberiza fiavifrons, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, iv. no. 92 (1788). 
Tana°*rafiavifrons, Lath. Ind. Orn. SuppL p. 47,• Vieill. Euc. MSfk 

p. 773. 
Enphonia fiavifrons, 
Suncl (Efv. Vet-Ah Forh. 1809, p. 583 (S. Bartholomew) 
; Lawr. Proc. U. S. JV". M. 1878, p. 56 (Dominica), 

p. 190 (St. Vincent), p. 209 (Grenada), p. 354 (Martinique), 
p. 455 (Guadeloupe), et p. 487 ; Sol. Cat A. B. p. 56; id. P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 14 (S. Lucia) j fccl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 17. 
Above dark olive-green, rump rather more yellowish; cap and 
nape blue ; broad front yellow, bordered posteriorly by a black line: 
below olive-green, rather yellowish on the throat, darker on the sides 
of the head ; axillaries pale yellow; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers whitish ; bill dark plumbeous, feet brown: 
whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*4. Female similar but 
rather paler in colour. 

Bab. Lesser Antilles: S. Bartholomew, Guadeloupe, Dominica, 
Martinique, St. Lucia, and Grenada. 

I formerly confounded this species with the female of E. sclater i, 
which it somewhat resembles ; but it may be at once distinguished 
on comparison by the broad well-defined frontal band. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Martinique, W. I. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, West Indies. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. A d. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. West Indies. * Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. d ? ad. sk. Guadeloupe, W, I. (Ober). Sclater Coll. 
SECT, II. 

Species with cap and belly yellow or red • throat black: allied 
to E. chlorotiea. (ACROLEPTES, Cab.) 

Key to the Species of Sect. II. 

A. Crissum yellow or orange, like the belly. 
a. Tail below marked with white. 
a'. Front half of cap only yellow: 
j back purplish black 7. chlorotiea, p. G4. 
I back bluish black 8. qffinis, p. 65. 

b'. "Whole cap yellow 9. trinifatis, p. 66. 
c'. Whole cap orange-yellow 10. xanthoffastra, p. 07. 
d'. Whole cap red 11. ritficeps, p. 68. 

b. Tail below black. 
e'. Belly yellow. 
Whole cap yellow 12. luteicapilla^ p. 68, 

TANAGKIDJE. 

04 

Front of cap only yellow: 

J black throat far extended 13. gracilis, p. 69. 

I black throat restricted 14. concinnu, p. 09. 

/'. Belly deep orange. 

"Whole cap orange-yellow 15. Jimchi, p. 70. 

Front of cap only orange-yellow ... . 10. satwata, p. 70. 

B. 
Orissum white, distinct from belly. 
Front of head yellow 17. minuta, p. 71, 
Whole cap orange-red 28. anna, p. 72. 
C. Crissum fulvous, distinct from belly ..... . 19. fulvwrissa, p. 73. 
7. Euphonia chlorotica, 
Tanagra chlorotica, Linn. 3. N. i. p. 317 ; Tieill. Ene. Meth. p. 782. 
Tanagra violacea, var. jS. chlorotica, Gm. S. N. i. p. 890. 
Euphonia chlorotica, Licht. Doitbl. p. 29; Sund. Vet. Ah. Ilandl. 

1833, pi. x. figs. 2, 3; Bp. Consp. i. p. 232; id. Rev. ZooL 18ol, 

p. 130; w?. iVoife s./. Tang. p. 10; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1^51, 
p. 84 ; i'd P. #.& 18-56, p. 273 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 99; /£ Cat 
A. B. p. 57; Burin. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 194; Sal. et Sah. Xvmtncl. 
p. 17; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 598 (Bolivia) ; Bete. Orn. Bras. p. 202. 
Phonasca chlorotica, Cab. J. f. O. 1800, p. 330. 
Acroleptes chloroticus, Cab. J.f.O. 1801, p. 91. 
Acroleptes violaceicollis, Cab. J. f O. I860, p. 409. 
Euphona (Acroleptes) violaceicollis, Cab. J.f.O. 1878, p. 195. 
Euphonia serrirostris, of Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 30; d'Orb. Voy. 
p. 267, t. 21. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. ;jU7; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 233; Sel Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 90; id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 273 ; id. 
Syn. Av. Tan. p. 99 ; Pete. Orn. Bras.%. 202; Tacz. P. Z. $. 1880, 
p. 194; id. Orn. Per. i. p. 440. 
Phonasca serrirostris, Cab. J.f.O. 1800, p. 330. 
Acroleptes serrirostris, Cab. J.f.O. 1801, p. 91, 1805, p. 409. 
Lindo azul y oro, Azara, Apimt. i. p. 393. 
Above dark purple-black; front half of the cap yellow: below 
yellow, throat purple-black; tail beneath, "black, with, a large white 
patch on the inner webs of the two exterior tail-feathers; under 
surface of wings black, with a large white patch on the inner 
webs of the remiges; bill and feet black: whole length 3*3 inches, 
wing 2-1, tail 1*2. Female. Above greyish olive-green, with a 
yellowish tinge on the front and rump: below rather more yellowish, 
with the centre of the breast and belly pale ashy, flanks 
and erissum pale yellow• under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers whitish. 

Bab. Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Eastern Peru. 

This widely diffused bird varies considerably in different localities ; 
but, so far as I can tell from available materials, the differences are 
hardly sufficient for specific separation. The bird described above 
is the typical Guianan form. The Brazilian form (E. violaceicollis, 
Cab.) is larger (whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*3) and 
has more violet-purplish sheen on the fore neck. The Bolivian 
form (upon the female of which I believe E serrirostris, d'Orb. & 
Lafr., to have been established) is again rather larger (whole length 
3*7 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*5), but scarcely otherwise separable 

3 . ETTPHOHTA. 
from the Brazilian race. In Peru, however, a form occurs which is 
certainly rather strikingly different in the pale tint of the yellow 
crown and abdomen• this is the Euphonia serrirostris of Taczanowski^
but not, I believe, of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. I call it 
subspecies taczanowskii. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. 3 jr. st. Cayenne. Purchased. 
b. $ st. S. America. Purchased. 
c. d. 3 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
e. § ad. sk. Demerara. Gould Coll. 
b. Subsp. violaceicollis. 
a. $ ad. sk. Pernambuco (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
b. 3 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil (NaU.). Sclater Coll. 
c. 3 jr. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. J ad. sk. Catamarca, rep. Arg. Sclater Coll. 
(Wliite). 
e,f. 3 ? ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
g, Ji. 3 2 &&' s^* Bolivia (Buckley). Salviu-Godman Coll. 

i. 3 ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 
c. Subsp. taczanowskii. 
a, b. 3 2 ad. sk. Callacate, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 

c. $ ad. sk. E. Peru (Farm). Sclater Coll. 
d. 3 ad. sk. E. Peru (Farm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 3 ad. sk. Peru. Salvhi-Godraan Coll. 
/. 3 ad. sk. Peru. Purchased. 
8. Euphonia affinis. 
Tanagra (Euphonia) affinis, Less. Bev. Zool. 1842, p. 175. 

Euphoria affinis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 233 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 274, 
303; id. Syn. AD. Tan. p. 100; id. Cat. A. B. p. 57; Sclater et Salvin, 
2525,1859, p. 18,1800,p. 33; iid. No-mend p. 17 ; Lawrence, Ann. 
Lye. N.Y. ix. pp. 98, 200; id. Mem. Boston Soc. K E. ii. p. 273 ; 
zd. Bidl. U.S. Nat. Mm. no. 4, p. 18; v. Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 297; 
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 442 (Yucatan); Sumichr. Mem. Bost. 
Soc. N. S. i. p. 550* Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am., Aves, i. 

p. 257. 
Phonasca affinis, Cab. J.f 0.1860, p. 332. 
Acroleptes affinis, Cab. j.f 0.1861, p. 91. 
Above bluish black, with purplish tinge on the neck; front half 
of cap yellow: below yellow, throat bluish black ; tail below black, 
with white patches on the inner webs of the two outer rectrices; 
wings below black, under wing-coverts and a large patch on the 
inner webs of the wing-feathers white; bill black, feet dark 
brown : whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2*1, tail 14. Female. Above 
greyish olive, with a yellowish tinge on the rump and forehead; 
below pale yellowish. 

Eab. S. Mexico and Central America down to Costa Eica. 
VOL. XI. £ 

TANAGffilM. 

Closely allied to E. chlorotica, but without the purplish tinge 
on the back, and with the yellow head and abdomen of a paler 
tint. The female differs from the corresponding sex of K eMorotica 
in being nearly of a uniform greyish, tinged with yellowish green 

below. 

a, b. d $ ad. sk. 

c. J ad. sk. 
d, e. $ J ad. sk. 
/. ? ad. sk. 
g, d ad. sk. 

h. <$ ad. sk. 
i. J ad. sk. 
j, h. d ad.; I, m. d 
jr.$ n, o. J ad. sk, 

p. d ad. sk. 
Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). 
Mexico (Boucard). 
Northern Yucatan (Ganmer). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan


caneaux). 

Calderas, Volcan de Fuego 

(Salvin). 
Buenas, Guatemala (Sah. # 
God?n.). 

Savana Grande, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 
Retalkuleu, Guatemala (Salv. 
$ Godm.). 
Central America (Delattre). 

Sclater Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salyin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

9. Euphonia trinitatis. 
Eupkonia trinitatis, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 72; Sclater, Contr. 
Orn. 1851, p. 84 ; id. P. Z. S.185G, p. 274 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 100; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 67-, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 107 (Venezuela), 
1879, p. 498 (Antioquia) ; iid. Komencl. p. 17. 

Phonasca trinitatis, Cab. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 31)0. 
Acroleptes trinitatis, Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 91. 


Above steel-bluish black, whole summit of cap yellow: below 
yellow, throat blue-black• tail beneath black, with white patches 
on the inner webs of the two outer rectrices; under surface of 
wings black, with white patches on the inner webs of the wing-
feathers • bill black, feet dark brown: whole length 3*8 inches, 
wing 2*1, tail 1*3. Female. Above yellowish green; below brighter, 
middle of breast and belly cinereous. 

Hah. Trinidad, "Venezuela, and .Northern Colombia. 

This species may be distinguished from E. ehlorotiea by the 
extension of the yellow over the whole top of the head, where it is 
rounded behind, and by the steel-blue-black of the back, with a 
slight purplish tinge only on the nape of the neck. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 

c. djr.sk. 
d~f. d jr. sk. Trinidad. Purchased. 
ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll, 

h. d ad. sk. Caracas,Venezuela ( Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i d ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. Purchased. 
h d ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
k. d ad. sk. Kemedios, Antioquia (SalSclater 
Coll. 
mon). 
I d ad.; m. d ir. sk , Santa Marta. Sclater Coll. 

n. $ sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
3 . ETTPHOOTA. 
67 

10. Euphonia xauthogastra. 
Euphonia xauthogastra, Sund. Vet-Ah. Handl. 1833, p. 310, pi. 10. f. 1 • 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 233; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 85; id. P. Z. S. 
1854, p. 115, 1855, p. 159,1856, p. 275,1858, pp. 74, 452,1859, 

p. 140, et 1860, pp. 87, 275; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 101; id. Cat. A. 
B. p. 57; Sol et Salv. P.Z.S. 1886, p. 179 (Ucayali), 1868, 
p. 627 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 780 (S.W. Peru), 1879, p. 498 (Antioquia); 
rid. Xomencl. p. 17; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 518 (O. Peru), 
18^2, p. 10 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 444; Bert, et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. l&aS, p. 544, 1834, p. 288 (Ecuador); Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 77 (Ecuidor); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 208 (Brit. Guiari.). 
Plionasca xantkogastra, Cab. J.f.O. 1860, p. 330. 
Acroleptes xantliogaster, Cab. J.f.O. 1861, p. 91. 
Euphonia oclirascens, Peb. Orn. Bras. p. 328. 
Euphonia brevirostris, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 136; id. Notes. I Tang, 

p. 10. 
Acroleptes brevirostris, Cab. J.f.O. 1865, p. 408. 
Above glossy purplish black ; whole summit of head and abdomen 
deep orange-yellow; throat purplish black like the back; tail 
beneath black, with a white patch on the inner web of the outer 
feather; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
white; bill black, feet dark brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, 
tail 1*4. Female. Darkish olive-green, nape more cinereous, front 
yellowish ; below yellowish; throat, breast, and middle of the belly 
burly cinereous, with a strong rufescent tinge in some specimens. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil, Amazonia, Gfuiana, Colombia, Ecuador, and 
Peru. 

This species, originally described from Brazil, is widely diffused, 
as will be seen by the list of localities below. It is easily distinguished 
from E. clilorotica by its deep orange-yellow colour and 
larger size, and by having only one of the external rectrices marked 
with white. I cannot separate the Colombian form, E. brevirostris 

of Bonaparte. 
a. cS sk. S.E. Brazil Sclater Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro 
(Youds). 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
de 
$ ad. sk. 
r? ad sk 
R. Atapurow, Brit. Guiana(Whitehj). 
Meruine* Mts., Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
f rf ad skJ '
(Whitely). 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Sclater Coll. 
a 9 ad sk.
y# + ' 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h i <$ $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j\h. 6 ad.; Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

m. 's ad. "sk. * Antioquia, Colombia (Salmon), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n! 6 ad.' sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o $ ad." sk. Napo, Ecuador (Jameson). Sclater Coll. 
v 
2 ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
p 2 

68 
TANAGKRIDiE. 

q, r. $ ad. • Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvm-Godman OoIL 

t tf ad.sk. ' Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u, v. <$ $ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater OoIL 

w. x. 
2 ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons 
( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
11. Euphonia ruficeps. 
Euphonia ruficeps, Lafr. et cVOrh. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool 1837, 
p. 30; d'Orb. Voy. p. 268, pi. 22. f. 2; Bp. Consp. i. p. 202; id. Mev. 
Zool. 1851, p. 136; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 10* Sclater, Cmitr. Orn. 
1851, p. 85; id. B. Z. 8. 1856, p. 276; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 102 ; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 58; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 598 (Bolivia) ; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 17. 
Phonasca ruficeps, Cab. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 380. 
Acroleptes ruficeps, Cab. J.f 0.1861, p. 91, 


Above purplish black, with violaceous tinge at the back of the 
head; crown of head dark chestnut-red : beneath orange-yellow, 
with a slight rufous tinge in the middle of the abdomen; throat 
black• tail beneath black, the external feather with a white patch; 
under wing-coverts white; bill black, feet dark brown: whole 
length 4*2 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*3. Female. Above olive-green, 
nape plumbeous, anterior half of crown tinged with rufous; below 
yellowish olive, throat and middle of abdomen ochraceous, with a 
strong rufous tinge on the middle of the belly and crissum. 

Hah. Bolivia and Yenezuela. 

This well-marked species was discovered in Bolivia by d'Orbigny. 
I have also seen specimens from Yenezuela, but not as yet from 
intermediate localities. The female is much like that of E. xanihogastra; 
but the front of the head is rufous instead of yellowish, and 
there is a stronger rufous tinge on the middle of the abdomen. 

a. $ ad. sk. Bolivia (d'Orbigny). Selater Coll. 
6, c. (S ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Bolivia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 

g. 5 ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
h, *". 3 $ ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll, 
12. Euphonia luteicapilla. 
Phonasca luteicapilla, Cab. J.f 0.1860, p. 332. 
Euphonia luteicapilla, Salvin, P. Z. S.1870, p. 186 (Chiriqui); Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 98 (Costa Rica) j v. Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, 

p. 297 (Costa Bica) ; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. p. 17; Sah. et Godm. 
Biol Cmtr.-Am.y Aves, i. p. 260, tab. xvi. fig. 1. 
Acroleptes lutexcapillus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 91. 


Above steel-blue; whole cap of head bright yellow; below bright 
yellow, throat steel-blue • tail beneath black • under wing-coverts 
and inner webs of wing-feathers white; bill black, plumbeous at 

3. EKTHOiaA.
the base; feet Hack: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-3. 
Female. Above olive-green; beneath yellowish, brighter in the 
middle; under wing-coverts white. 

Hah. Costa Eica and Veragua. 
Easily known from its immediate congeners by the wholly yellow 
cap, which extends down to the nape. 

a, b. tf ad. sk. Costa Rica. Sclater Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Eica (CarSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
miol). 
d. c? ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
e,f. S ad. sk. Boquete de Chitra, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
g. S jr. sk. Cordillera del Chucu, VeSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
h. £ ad. sk.;
ragua (ArcS). 
Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j .
i. $ ji\ sk. 
2 a<i- sk. 
Panama (Hug/ies). 
Chepo, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
13. Euphonia gracilis. 

Phonasca gracilis, Cab. X f. 0. 1860, p. 333. 

Euphonia gracilis, Scl. Cat A. B. p. 359; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 186 
(Veragua) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 98; v. Frantz. J. f. 0. 
1869, p. 297; Scl et Sah. Mmencl p. 17; Sato, et Godm. Biol 
Centr.-A?n., Aves, i. p. 259, tab. xvi. Bg. 3. 

Acroleptes gracilis, Cab. J.f. 0.1861, p. 91. 

Above dark bluish black, with purplish tinge on the neck; 
anterior half of cap bright yellow: below, throat and whole of 
breast bluish black, abdomen yellow; under wing-coverts white; 
tail beneath black; bill plumbeous ; feet dark brown : whole length 
3*6 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*2. Female. Above olive-green;' beneath 
yellowish olive. 

Hah. Costa Eica and Veragua. 
The extension of the black throat far down on the breast separates 
this species from its nearest allies. 

a, b. 5 sk. Costa Eica (Hoffmann). Sclater Coll. 

c. d. 
<$ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(ArcS). 
e. <$ ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui, south Salvin-Godman Coll. 
side (ArcS). 
f. S ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
14. Euphonia concinna. (Plate VII.) 
Euphonia concinna, Scl RZ. S. 1854, p. 98, pi. kv. ftg. 2, 1855, 
p. 159, 1856, p. 275; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 101; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 57; Scl et Salv. Mmencl p. 17. 
Euphonia hirundinacea, Bp. Hev. Zool 1851, p. 136; id. Note s. I 
Tang. p. 10 (?) 
Phonasca-eoncinna, Cab. J.f. 0.1860, p. 330. 
Acroleptes concinnus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 91. 

TATUGKIDiE. 

Above dark "bluish black, purpuraseent on the interscapulium and 
back of the neck ; small round patch on the top of the head yellow; 
front black: below bright yellow ; throat slightly extended on to 
breast, blue-black• tail beneath black ; under wing-coverts white: 
whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*4. Female. Above olive, 
rather brighter on rump; narrow front yellow ; below yellowish 
olive, brighter in the middle of the abdomen. 

Hal. Colombia. 

Originally described from Bogota skins, but occurring in other 
districts of Colombia. The circular yellow patch on the crown does 
not quite extend to the front, which is black. In all specimens 
before me the tail below is black; but I have seen a skin in Graf 
von Berlepsoh's collection, apparently belonging to this species, with 
indications of white marks. 

a. (5" ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
b. <$ ad. sk.; e, d, 2 
ad. sk. 
Bogota. Sclater CoU. 
e,f. 6 ad.sk; g. <? Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.sk.: h,i. Jad.sk. 
j , k <$ 2 ad, sk. 
1, m. <$ $ ad. sk. 
Colombia. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
n. 0 ad. sk. Cayenne (?). Sclater Coll. 

15. Euphonia ftaschi. (Plate VIII. fig. L) 
Euphonia concinna, Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 203 (teste Berlepsoh), 
Euphonia finsehi, Scl et Sab. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 19. 
Euphonia melanura, Natt. MS. 


Above glossy purplish black: anterior half of crown orange-
yellow: below reddish orange-yellow; throat purplish black; tail 
beneath black; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2*1, 
tail 1'2. Female. Similar to K violacea $ , but much darker and 
more yellowish underneath (Pefceln). 

Hal. Interior of Guiana; Bio Brancho (Natt). 

Graf von Berlepsch tells me that Pelzekfs E. concinna belongs to 
this species, which was described in 1877 from a single skin 
received in exchange from the Bremen Museum, and said to have 
been obtained from Bemerara. 

a. $ 
sk. British Guiana (Wilhens). Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) ' 
16. Euphonia saturata. (Plate VIII.tig. 2.) 
Phonasca saturata, Cab. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 386. 
Acroleptes saturatus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 91,1865, p. 407. 
Euphonia saturata, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 19; iid. Womencl 


p. 17; Tacz. P.Z.S. 1877, p. 744 (W. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 443; Berl et Tacz. P.Z.S. 1884, p. 288 (Ecuador); Tacz. et 
Berl P.Z. S. 1885, p. 76 (Ecuador). 
3 . ETJPHONIA. 71 
Above glossy purplish, black, violaceous on the upper back and 
neck; whole crown of bead orange-yellow : beneath deep orange-
yellow; throat purple-black; tail beneath black; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers whito; bill dark 
plumbeous; feet dark brown: whole length 3-6 inches, wins 2-2 
tail 1-2. b ' 

Hal. Western Ecuador and Peru. 
Similar to E. finsclii, but with the whole summit of the crown 
orange. 

a. <$ sk. Tumbez, W. Peru (Jelski), Sclater Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. BalzarMts.,Ecuador (Illingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
17. Euphonia mmiita. 
Euphonia olivacea, JDesm. Tang. pi. xxvii. (?). 
Tanagra olivacea, Vieill Enc. Meth. p. 782 (?) 
Euphonia minuta, Cab. in Scliomb. Guian. iii. p. 671; Scl P. Z. S. 


1855, p. 159, et 1856, p. 274; id. Syn. Ac. Tan. p. 100; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 57 ; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 373 (Nicaragua) ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 
I860, p. 275 (Guatemala); iid.P.Z.S. 1866, p. 179 (Ucayali), 
1867, p. 749, et 1873, p. 260 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 498 (Antioquia); 
iid. No7nenel. p. 17; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. p. 332 (Panama); 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 203 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 186 (Veragua) ; 
id. Cat. StricH. Coll. p. 180; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 208 (British 
Guiana); Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 258. 
Phonasca minuta, Cab. J.f. 0.1860, p. 330. 
Acroleptes minutus, Cab. J.f O. 1861, p. 91. 
Euphonia strictirrons, Striclcl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 72; Scl. Contr. 


Orn. 1851, p. 84. 
Acroleptes strictifrons, Cab. J.f O. 1861, p. 91. 
Euphonia pumila, Bp. Mev. Zool 1851, p. 136; id. Note s. I. Tang. 

p. 10. 
Phonasca hurmlls, Cab. J. f. 0.1860, p. 334. 
Acroleptes humilis, Cab. S.f. 0.1861, p. 9. 
Euphonia humilis, v. FranL J.f. 0.1869, p. 297. 
Euphonia leucopyga, Natt. MS. 
Above shining greenish black, upper back and neck purplish; 
broad frontal band yellow: below yellow, throat purplish black; 
lower belly and crissum white; tail beneath black, with a large 
white patch on the inner webs of three outer feathers; under wing-
coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers white; bill plumbeous; 
feet black : whole length 3*3 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*1. Female. 
Above olive-green; below yellowish olive, throat and centre of 
abdomen pale cinereous white. 

Hal. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, Colombia, Panama, and Central 
America up to Guatemala. 

The white crissum and narrow yellow frontal band will distinguish, 
this species, of which, the female resembles that of E. cMorotiea. I 
agree with Messrs. Salvin and Godman in not recognizing E. Immilis 
as distinct, although the dimensions of Central-American specimens 
are somewhat larger. 

72 TANAGKID.^. 
a. 3 ad. sic.
5. c? ad. sk.; c, d. 
Cayenne. 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0 ad.sk. (Whitely). 
e. cJ ad. sk.; f. S Bartica Grove, British Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk.; ff, h. J Guiana (Whitely). 
ad. sk. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . <$ ad. sk.; h. Sjr. sk.; 15 ad. sk. 
m. <$ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (BuckSclater 
Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk.
o. § ad. sk.
ley), 
Nauta, Amazons. 
Upper Ucayali. 
E. Bartlett [C.X 
E. Bartlett [C.j. 
p. cJ'ad. sk.
q. S ad. sk.
r. § ad. sk. 
Remedios, Antioquia(Salmon). 
Bugaba, Ckiriqui, Veragua 
(Arce). 
Chiriqni (ArcS). 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. <$ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. (3 ad. sk.
u. S ad. sk.
v. S &cL sk.
(ArcS). 
CostaUic& (Van Patten). 
Chontales,, Nicaragua(Belt), 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
w. $ ad. sk. Vera Paz (Hague). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
18. Eiiphonia annae. 

Eupbonia aimse, Cass. Pr. Ac. So. Phil. 1865, p. 172 (Costa Rica) ; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 137, et 1870, p. 186 (Veragua) ; id. Mis, 1874, 

p. 329; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. TJL. p. 98 (Costa Rica) * v. Franiz. 
J.f. 0.1869, p. 297 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. MmencL p. 17; 
Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.~Am.7 Aves, i. p. 265. 
Eupbonia rufivertex, Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 71, pi. vii. 

Above violaceous black; whole crown of head chestnut: beneath, 
throat black, breast and belly yellow, crissum white; wings and 
tail beneath black; a large white patch on the inner web of the 
two exterior tail-feathers; inner webs of wing-feathers at their 
bases and under wing-coverts white; bill dark plumbeous; feet 
brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*5. Female. Above 
olive-green; neck plumbeous; front of head rufeseent: below 
yellowish olive: throat, breast, centre of abdomen, and crissum 
cinereous. 

Hob. Costa Rica and Veragua. 

The combination of the red head and white crissum renders this 
species unmistakable. The female is very similar to that of E. xanthogastra 
and K rujieeps. 

a, 5. $ ad.; c. J Santiago de Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (Types of B. rtifivertex.) 

d. 2 ad. sk. Santa F6, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, f. (3 2 a<i« sk. Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. (S ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll 
miol). 
h, i <$ J ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater ColL 

j. S jr. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman ColL 
3 . EXTPHONIA. 
73 

19. Euphonia fuMcrissa. 
Eupkonia 
fulvicrissa, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 276 (S. Marta); id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 102; id. Cat. A. B. p. 58; Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1860, 

p. 143 (Rio Truando); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 349 (Panama), 
1879, p. 498 (Antioquia) ; iid. JSfomencl.-p. 18; Salv. et Godm. Biol 
Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 264, tab. xvi. %. 2; Berl J. f. 0. 1884, 
p. 288. 
Phonasca fulvicrissa, Cab. J.f 0.1860, p. 330. 
Acroleptes fulvicrissus, Cab. J.f 0.1861, p. 91. 
Eupkonia gouldi, Lawr. Ann. *Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 332; Salv, P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 186 (err.). 

Above shining bluish black; anterior part of the head to the eyes 
yellow: below yellow, throat extending on to the upper breast bluish 
black; crissum fulvous; thighs black ; under surface of tail black, 
with a white patch on the inner web of the outer rectrix; inner 
margins of wing-feathers at their bases white ; bill black; feet dark 
brown: whole length 3*6 inches, wing 2, tail 1-2. Female. Above 
olive-green, with a strong bronzy tinge; beneath greenish yellow; 
crissum slightly fulvous. 

Hob. 
Northern Colombia and Isthmus of Panama. 

The fulvous crissum and rounded yellow patch on the anterior 
part of the head render this species easily distinguishable. The 
female is somewhat similar to the corresponding sex of E. gouldi. 

a. S ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk. 
Santa Marta. 
Eemedios, Aiitioquia,U.S.C. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk.
d. e. J ad. sk.
/ , g-6 S ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk.
(Salmon). 
Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Bogota. 
Lion Hill,Isthmus of Panama(McLeannan). 
San Pablo Station, Isthmus 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. $ ad. sk.
j . $ ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk.
of Panama (0. Salvin). 
Volcano of Chiriqui, southernslope (ArcS). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). 
Veragua (ArcS). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

SECT. 
III. 

Species with the cap yellow and under surface wholly yellow, 
allied to E. violacea. (PHONASCA, Cab.) • 

Key to the Species of Sect. III. 

A. 
External rectrices with white patches on 
the inner webs. 
a. Anterior half of crown only yellow. 
Back violaceous blue '.. 20. violacea, p. 74. 
Back steel-blue: 
j bill moderate 21. hirwidmacea, p. 75. 
j bill much thickened 22.ffnatho, p. 76. 

TANAGMD-aB. 

5. Yellow of anterior half of crown produced 
and rounded behind. 
Yellow terminating at nape 23. laniirostris, p. 76. 
Yellow extending over nape 24."hypoxantha, p. 77. 

B. External rectrices without any white ... . 25. melanura, p. 78. 
20. Euphonia violacea. 
Tanagra violacea, Linn. S. N. i. p. 315; Vieill. Ene. Meth.ji. 783. 
Euphonia violacea, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 441; Scho?rib. Gkdan. iii. p. 671; 
Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. m, et 1856, p. 277; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 

p. 103; id. Cat. A. B. p. 58; Bp. Consp. i. p. 232; id. Bev. Zool 
1851, p. 136; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 10; Burm. Syst TJeb. iii. p. 195; 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 627 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomeyicl 
p. 18; Beheh, Orn. Bras. p. 204; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 208 (Brit. 
Guian.). 
Phonasca violacea, Cab. J.f.O. I860, p. 330, et 1861, p. 90. 
Phonasca brachyptera ?, Cab. J.f O. 1865, p. 410 (?). 
Euplione violacea, var. minor, Licht. JDotibl. p. 29. 
Phonasca Hchtensteini, Cab. J.f.O. 1800, p. 331, 1861, p. 90. 
Euphonia Hchtensteini, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 204. 
Euphonia purpurea, Lawr. Ann. L. N.Y. viii. p. 466 (1867); cf. 

Scl. Ibis, 1885, p. 272. 

Above dark shining violaceous blue; front of head to a line with 
the eyes orange-yellow: below orange-yellow, rather paler on the 
belly ; tail beneath black, with white patches on the two external 
rectrices; under surface of wings black, with a large white patch 
occupying the inner webs of the wing-feathers ; bill and feet black : 
whole length 3*7 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*3. Female. Above olive-
green, below yellowish olive; inner webs of wing-feathers at their 
bases white. 
Hob. Guiana, Trinidad, Lower Amazonia, and S.E. Brazil. 

The S.E. Brazilian form (subsp. liclvtensteini) is rather larger in 
dimensions, but similar in plumage. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. tf ad. sk. British Guiana (Schomburgh). 
R. Geogr. Soc. [P.]. 
b} c. S ad. sk.;
d. § ad. sk.
e,f. J $ ad. sk. 
Eoraima, Brit. Guiana 
( Whitely). 
Eoraima, Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
( Whitely). 
g, h. cf $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(Whitely). 
hjd 
? ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk.
I. J ad. sk.
m. $ ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Trinidad. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 

b. Subsp. Hchtensteini. 
a,b. 
cS $ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (TF. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Fo?-bes). 

3 . ETJPHONIA. 
75 

c, d. $ ad. sk.; Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. $ ad. sk. 
/ . 
<5 ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 

g. S 
ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Joyn&r}. 
h, i. tf J ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Jbyner), 

j. J ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. 6 jr. sk. Brazil. ' Sclater Coll. 
I S ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
21. Eupiiorda Mrundinacea. 
Euphoniahirundinacea, Bp. P. Z. S.1837, p. 117; id. Consp. i. p. 232 j 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 98 (part.), 1856, pp. 278, 303, et 1859, 
pp. 364, 378 (S. Mexico) ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 104; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 59: Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 16; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 836 
(Honduras) ; iid. Nomencl p. 18; v. Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 297; 
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 443 (Yucatan); Zaior. Ami. Lijc.N. Y. 
ix. p. 98 (Costa Rica); id. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 18 (S.W. 
Mex.) ; Sumichr. Mem. Bost Soc. N. H. i. p. 5»50 j Salv. Cat. 
Strickl. Coll. p. 180; Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. 
p. 261. 
Pbona&ea birundinacea, Cab. J. f. 0.1860, p. 334, et 1861, p. 91. 
Above shining bluish black ; anterior portion of tbe crown to a 
line -with tbe eyes, and body beneath brigbt yellow; tail benoatb 
black, with a white patcb on tbe two external rectrices, wbicb is 
carried on to tbe apex of tbe featber; wings beneatb black, witb a 
large wbite basal patcb occupying tbe inner webs of tbe feathers; 
bill black : feet dark brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*4, 
tail 1*4. Female. Above pale olive-green ; beneath cinereous white; 
chin, sides of breast and belly, and erissum pale greenish yellow. 

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica. 

There has been some confusion between this species and E. laniirostris, 
which occupies the Central-American isthmus south of Costa 
Bica. (Cf. Salv. & Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 261.) But the 
present species may, I think, always be distinguished by the abrupt 
termination of the yellow forehead on a line with the eyes and by 
the different colour of the female. 

a. <$ jr. sk. S. Mexico (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ jr. sk.; Orizaba (Botten). Purchased. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
d. $ ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. g. <$ ad. sk.
(Gaumer). 
Corosal, Brit. Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. c? ad. sk.
(Roe). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. <$ ad. sk.
j-l 3 ad. sk.
(Blancaneaux). 
Pine-ridges of Poctun,
Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Cboctnm, Vera Paz 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvm). 

76 TAXAGRTDJE. 
m Q ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. $ ad. sko. <$ ad. sk. 
Guatemala. 
San Pedro, Honduras 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sabin-Grodman Coll. 
p, q. <J ad. sk.
r, s. $ 2 ad. sk.
t. S ad. sk,
u. <$ ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Costa Rica (Endres). 
Costa Eica (Carmiol). 
Costa Rica {Carmiol). 
Costa Rica (Arce). 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
Salyin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
v. d ad. sk. Central America. Purchased. 

22. Euphonia gnatho. 
Phonasca gnatho, Cab. J.f. 0. I860, p. 385, 1861, p. 90. 

Euphonia gnatho, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 98; v. Frantz. J.f O. 
1869, p. 297; Scl et Satv. Nomencl p. 18; Salv. et Godm. Biol 
Centr.-Am,, Aves, i. p. 262. 

like K hirundinacea, but with the bill larger, stronger, and much 
swollen : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*4. 

Eab. Costa Rica. 

Concerning this somewhat doubtful species, consult the remarks 
of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, 7. s. c. 

a. $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Van Fatten). Sclater Coll. 
b. (S ad. sk. Tempate, Nicoya, Costa Salvin-Godman CoH. 
Rica (Arce). 
c. $ 
ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(ArcS). 
23. Euphonia laniirostris. 
Euphonia laniirostris, Lafr. et $Qrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 80; d'Orb. Vvy. 
p. 266, pi. 23.fig. 1; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 367 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 232; 
id. Mev. Zool. 1851, p. 136 ; id. Note s. I Tang. p. 11; Scl Cuntr. 
Orn, 1851, p. 86; id. F. Z. S.1856, p. 277 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 103 ; 
Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 204; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 199 (S.W. 
Mex.); Scl etSalv. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 598 (Bolivia); Salv. Cat. Strickl 
Coll p. 180 ,* Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.-A?n., Ares, i. p. 202. 
Euphonia crassirostris, 
Sclater, F. Z. S. 1856, p. 277, 1&57, p. 19 
(Bogota) ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 103; id. Cat. A. B. p. 58; Scl. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 349 (Panama); iid. Nomencl p. 18; Salvin, 

F. Z. S. 1867, p. 138, et 1870, p. 186 (Veragua) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y. -viii. p. 174 (David); Berl J. f. 0. 1884, p. 289 (Buearamanga). 
Phonasca laniirostris, Cab. J.f.O. 1860, p. 881,1861, p. 90. 
Euphonia hirundinacea, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. p. 298 (Panama). 

Above shining blue-black; anterior half of head, extending beyond 
the eyes and rounded behind, and body beneath bright yellow; 
under surface of tail black, with a large white patch on the inner 
webs of the two outer feathers, but not carried quite to the apex; 
under surface of wings black, with a large white basal patch on the 
inner webs of the feathers; bill and feet black; whole length 
4 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1-5. Female. Above olive-green; beneath 
yellowish green, brighter on the middle of the belly and crissum. 

3 . EXTPHOKIA. 
7 7 
Hah. Veragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Upper Amazonia, 
Pern, and Bolivia, Occasional in Costa Eica, where E. hirundinacea 
is the prevalent species. 

I follow Mr. Salvin in uniting the Colombian bird, which we 
formerly called E. crassirostris, with E. laniirostris of Bolivia, 
although it is still expedient to examine Bolivian specimens 
minutely before the absolute accuracy of this proceeding can be 
substantiated. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Angostura, Coata Eica Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
(CarmioT). 
b. d ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d ad. sk.; d. d Calovevora, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Arce).
eif-S $ ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. d jr. sk. Cordillera de Tole, Vera- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gua (Arce). 
L d ad. sk. Chiriqui (Sicks). Salvin-Godman Coll 

i. 
<S ad. sk. CMriqui. Oapt. Kellett and Lt. 
Wood [C.]. 
J, k. d 2 ad. sk. Isthmus of Panama (Mc- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Zeamian). 
I, w. 
d 2 &d. sk. Isthmus of Panama (Mc- Sclater Coll. 
Leamian). 

n. 
5 acl. *-k. Paraiso Station, Isthmus Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama (Hughes). 
o. d ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. d ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons), 
q, r. d 2 Santa Marta (Simons). Sclater Coll. 

ach ^'

s. 
d ad. sk. Santa Marta. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of E. crassirosttnsi) 
t9 a. d ad. et <$ Atanques, Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Simons), 
v, to. d ad. et d Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. j x. $ ad. sk. 
y, z. d 2 a<^-s^-; Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
a1, d jr. sk. 
b'. d ad. .sk. Bogota. P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.], 
c', d\ d jr. fck. Colombia. Purchased. 
e\ 2 ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. d jr. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
g\ cJad.sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
hf. 2 ad. sk. Maranura, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


24. Euphonia kypoxantha. 
Euphoma crassirostris, Scl P. Z. S. I860, p. 275 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.1877, 
p. 320. 
Euphonia hypoxantha, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 445 j Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 77 (Ecuador). 

Above violaceous black (almost as in E. violacea); crown of head 
produced on to the nape and widened behind and whole body beneath 

TANAGKIIXffl. 

bright yellow ; tail beneath, black, with white patches on the inner 
webs of the external feathers; wings beneath black, the inner 
webs of the feathers edged with white ; bill and feet black : whole 
length 4 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1-4. 

Ilab. Western Ecuador and 1ST.W. Peru. 

This species differs from E. laniirostris in the violaceous tinge of 
the back, the purer yellow of the head and lower surface, and the 
extension of the yellow cap on to the nape. I have not yet seen the 
female, but there is a young male in the series of ITessrs. Salvin 
and Grodman which shows the same tint below. 

a. $ ad. sk. Ohimbo, Ecuador (StolzSclater 
Coll. 
marui). 
b. d ad. sk. Babakayo, Ecuador(Fraser). 
Sclater Coll. 
c. S ad. sk.; d. d Santa Rita, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Buckley). 

25. Euphonia melanura. (Plate IX.) 
Euphonia melanura, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 80; id. P. Z. S. 185-1, 
p. 159, et 1856, p. 278; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 104; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 59; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. I860, p. 179 (Ucajali), 1807, p. 977 
(Pebas), 1878, p. 201 (E. Peru); iicl. Nomencly. 18; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 447. 
Phonasca melanura, Cab. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 331, 1861, p. 00. 

Above violaceous black : crown of head and body beneath golden 
yellow: tail beneath black• wings beneath black, under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers at their bases white ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1*3. 
Female. Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with 
olive; below yellowish green, brighter in the middle line. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia and Colombia. 
The absence of white markings on the tail distinguishes this 
species from its allies. 

a. S ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro Sclater Coll. 
( Wallace). (Type of the species.) 
b,c. S2 ad. sk.; Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 

d. <$ jr. sk, 
e. $ ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxioell). Sclater Coll. 
/, g. <$ $ ad. sk. Pebas, Peru X&auzwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
i. S ad. sk. Ucayali (Hauxioell). Gould Coll. 
j. $ ad. sk. Maranura,Peru (Wiitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. (S ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
L tf ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
m. $ ad. sk. Georgetown, Demerara (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3 . EUPHORIA. 
SECT. IV. 

Species with the whole upper surface and throat shining black, 
allied to E. rufiventris. (ILIOLOPHA.) 

Key to the Species of Sect. IV. 

A. 
Belly reddish orange: 
I front like the head 26. rufiventris, p. 79. 
j front Jigktly banded with yellow 27. viitata, p. 80. 
B. Belly dark chestnut 
28. peotoralis, p. 80. 
C. Belly dark bluish black 
29. cayana, p. 81. 
26. Euphonia rufiventris. 
Tanagra rufiventris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 426; id. Enc. Meth, 
p. 781; id. Gal. Ois. Supph tab. 
Euphonia rufiventris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 230 • id. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 135 
id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 10; Sclater, Coiitr. Orn. 1851, p. 87 
id. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 279, et 1858, p. 74; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 105, 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 59; Cass. Rep. TJ. 8. Astr. Exp. ii. p. 182, pi. 20. 
fig. 1; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 749, 977, 1873, p. 261 

(E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl p. 18 j Pekeln, Orn. Bras. p. 205 ; Tacz. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 447. 
Euphonia bicolor, 8tricU. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 48, pi. 49. f. 2. 
"Tanagra chrysogaster, Cuv." Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 461. 
Euphone ochrogastra, Natt. MS. 

Above shining purplish black ; below, throat and fore neck, produced 
centrally on to breast, purplish black; abdomen deep rufous 
orange, more yellowish on the sides of the neck and breast; wings 
and tail beneath black; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers white* bill bluish black; feet brown: whole length 
4*5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*3. Female. Above olive-green, with a 
dark patch on the nape: below cinereous; chin, sides of neck and 
breast, and flanks yellowish green; crissum rufous • under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white. 

Hal, 
Upper Amazonia and Bio Negro. 

This species occurs in nearly all collections from the Upper 
Amazonian district, and as far up as Sarayacu, Eastern Ecuador 
(Buckley), batterer got it also at several localities on the Eio 
Negro, but I doubt the locality Oyapock (spec. j). 

a,b. S $ ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
c, d.
e. c? 
f. $ 
<? $ ad. sk. Ucayali, Peru (Hauxwell).
ad. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons(Mates). 
ad. sk. Pebas, Eastern Peru (EauxJ. 
Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
g. $ ad. sk.
h, i. S ad. sk.
well?) 
Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (BuckSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . 3 ad. sk.
ley). 
Oyapock, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

TAlTAQ-RIDiE. 

27. Euphonia vittata. (Plate X.) 
Euphonia vittata, 
Sd.P.Z.S. 1861, p. 129; id. Cat A. B. p. 58; 
Scl et Salv. Nomend. p. 18. 

Above shining purplish black, with a slight yellow bar across the 
forehead : below, throat and fore neck bluish black; abdomen deep 
orange, more yellowish on the sides of the breast and flanks; tail 
beneath black, with a small oval white spot on the inner web of 
the outer feather; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-
feathers white: whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*4. 

Hob. Brazil. 

I have never yet met with a second specimen of this apparently 
distinct species, which in general resembles E. nifiventris, but is at 
once distinguishable by the narrow frontal band and white spots on 
the outer tail-feathers. 

a, tf sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.) 

28. Euphonia pectoralis. 
Gold-breasted Manakin, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. Add. p. 374. 
Pipra pectoralis, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. lvii (1801). 
Euphonia rufiventris, Licht. JDoubl. p. 30; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 447. 
Tanagra chlorocyanea, Vieill. Nouv. Diet xxxii. p. 427; Puch. Arch. 


Mm. vii. p. 355. 

Euphonia pectoralis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 233; id. J2ev. Zool 1851, p. 135; 
id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 10; Sclater fiontr.Orn. Idol, p. 87; id. P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 279; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 105; id. Cat. A. B. p. 59; 
Burm. Syst. tleb. iii. p. 196; Sol. et Salv. Nomend. p. 18; Belzeln, 
Orn. Bras. g. 205. 

Tanagra unibilicalis, Less. Tr. d?Orn. i. p. 460 ( $). 
Euphonia umbilicalis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 233; id. Rev. Zool. 1851, 

p. 400; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 11. 
Euphone a ventre niarron, VieilL Gal. Ois. Suppl. tab. 
Body above and throat and breast below shining bluish black; belly 
dark chestnut; on each side of the breast a yellow patch; wings and 
tail beneath black, under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark 
brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1-5. Female. Above 
bright olive-green, with a large dark cinereous blotch on the nape ; 
below, throat and breast cinereous; sides of the breast and belly 
olive-green; crissum clear rufous. 

Edb. Wood-region of S.E. Brazil. 
The deep chestnut belly renders this species unmistakable. 


a,h. <$ 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Bio de Salvin-Cxodman Coll. 
Janeiro (Yottds), 
d. $ ad. sk. Begistro do Sai, Brazil Salvin-Gfodman Coll. 
{Natterer). 
e. $ ad. sk. Belotas, Bio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk.
Sul; Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(/,h. £ ? ad. sk.
hjc? 
2 ad-st- 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
k. Skel. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 

3. r/gpito^n. 
29. Euphonia cayana. 
Tanagra cayana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 315. 
Tanagra cayennensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 894. 
Euplionia cayennensis, Schomb. Guiati. iii. p. 671. 
Euphonia cayana, Bp. Consp i. p. 233; id. Hev. Zool. 1851, p. 135; id. 


Note s. I. Tang, p. 9 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 88 ; id. P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 278; id. Syn. Ad. Tan. p 104; id. Cat. A. B. p. 59; 
Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 197; Pehehi, Orn. Bra?, p. 204; Set. et 
Sab. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 570 (Para); iid. Nomenel p. 18; Salvin, 
Ibis, 1885, p. 208 (Brit. Guian.). 

Above and below shining bluish black; a conspicuous yellow-
patch on each side of the breast; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white; bill black; feet dark brown: 
whole length 4 inches, wing 2-Q, tail 1*4. Female. Above bright 
greenish olive, with a dark cinereous patch on the nape: below 
cinereous; chin, sides of breast, and flanks yellowish olive; under 
wing-coverts white. 

Hah. Cayenne, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia. 

a. S ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
h. S ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
d, e. $ J ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
f. 3 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 
g. S ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
h. c^ad.sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 

SECT. T. 

Species with the upper surface dark olive-green or plumbeous 
olive. Group of & gouldi 

Key to the Sjjecies of Sect. Y. 

A. Back dark olive; throat olive or yellow. 
a. 
Front yellow: 
j belly chestnut 30. goiddi, p. 81. 
{belly yellow 31. mesochrysa, p. 82. 
b. Front olive, slightly yellowish 32. chrysopasta, p. 82. 
A. Back and throat plumbeous olive 33. plumbea, p. 83. 
30. Euphonia gouldi. 
Euphonia P, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 303. 
Euphonia gouldi, Sclater, P. Z. S 1857, p. 66, pi. 124, et p. 229; id. 
Cat A.B. p. 60; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1850, p. 17; iid. Nomenel 

p. 18; Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 194 (Guat.), 1872, p. 315 (Nicaragua); 
id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 186 ( Veragua); t>. Front*. J. f. 0. I860, p. 298 
(Costa Rica); Sumichr. Mem. Post. Soc. N. E. i. p. 550 (Vera 
Cruz) ; Lawr. Ann. L. N. T. ix. p. 98 (Costa Rica); Boucard, 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 54 (Costa Rica); Salv. et Godm. Biol Centra 
Am., Aves, i. p. 263. 

VOL. xi.

TANAGBIM. 

Above shining bronzy green; anterior half of head yellow: below 
olive-green, middle of belly and crissum chestnut, sides of belly 
slightly freckled with yellow; under wing-coverts white; bill dark 
plumbeous, feet brown : whole length 3*10 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*1. 
Female, Above bronzy green like the male; front dark rufous ; 
below yellowish olive; crissum chestnut. 

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central American isthmus down to 

Costa Rica. 
a,b. o*$ 
d. 3 ad. sk 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Sal-
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 
ff< 
JJ 
ad. sk. 
$ ad. sk. 
cJ ad. sk. 
i. <3 ad. sk, 
<$ ad. sk. 
h. § ad. sk. 
vin). 
Kainkhal, Guatemala 
(Salvin). 
Belize, Brit. Hondurab 
(Blancaneaux). 
Chontales, Nicaragua {Belt). 
Angostma, Costa Rica 
(Carmiol). 
Valza, Costa Ptica (Carmiol). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

31. Euphonia mesochrysa. 
Euphonia inesochrysa, Salvad. Atfi B. Accad. Sc. Tor. viii. p. 193 
(1873) ; id. Ihis,"l87S, p. 200. 
Euphonia 
chalcopasta, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 18, 157 (1873); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 10; id. Oni. Fir. ii. p. 449. 

Above bronzy green, nape darker; wings and tail blackish, edged 
with green; broad front yellow : below yellowish green ; centre of 
belly and crissum orange-yellow; wings and tail below dark 
cinereous ; under wing-coverts white; bill plumbeous; feet pale 
brown: whole length 3*7 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*3. Female. Like 
the male, but without the yellow front and with the centre of the 
belly pale buffy cinereous instead of yellow. 

Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

The male of this species is not unlike the male of E. gouldi, but 
has no chestnut on the belly. I believe Count Salvadori's name, 
founded on a specimen in the Turati Collection, has a slight precedence 
over mine. The female is described from a specimen from 
Huambo, Peru (Stolzmanri), in Count Salvadori's Collection. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of E. chalcopasta.)
b. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
/. S ad. sk. CMrimoto, Peru (Stoh-Sclater Coll. 
mami). 

32. Euphonia chrysopasta. 
Euphonia chlorotica, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 202 (partim). 
Euphonia chrysopasta, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 438, pi. 

3 . mTPHONIA.. 
figs. 1, % 1873, p. 261 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 5i)S (Bolivia); W. 
Nomencl. p. 18 ; Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 448. 

Above dark bronzy green ; nape dark cinereous; front, sides of 
the head, and rump tinged with yellow: below golden yellow, 
brighter in the middle, and slightly freckled on the breast and 
flanks with green ; under surfaces of wings and tail dark cinereous; 
under wing-coverts white ; bill plumbeous• feet brown: whole 
length 4*3 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1*5. Female. Above like the male ; 
below pale cinereous, whiter on the middle of the belly; flanks and 
crissum pale yellow ; under wing-coverts white. 
Hah. Amazonia, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. 

Examples of this species were obtained by batterer on the Eio 
Negro in 1830, and referred by v. Pelzeln to the young male of 
K chlorotica. E. chrysopasta may be easily distinguished from E. 
mesochrysa by the absence of the distinct yellow forehead. 

a. 
c? ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. c? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ucayali. 
E. Bartlett [C."]. 
c. £ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
d,e. <$ §> ad. sk. Eio Napo. Sclater Coll. 
/, g. § ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. c? ad. sk. Eio Negro (JSfatterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. 6 $ ad. sk. Siniacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
33. Euphonia plumbea. 
Euphonia poliocephala, Natt. in Mus. Vindob. 

Euphorda plumbea, .Dit Bus,Bull. Acad.Brux. xxii. pt. i. p. 156 (1855); 
Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 205 • ScL P. Z. S. 1856, p. 280; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 106 j Scl et Salv. Nomenel. p. 18 5 Bah. Ibis, 1885, p. 208 
(Brit. Guian.). 

Body above and throat dark plumbeous, with a slight olive tinge 
on the back; abdomen and crissum golden yellow; wings and tail 
below dark cinereous; under wing-coverts white; bill dark plumbeous 
; feet brown: whole length 3*3 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1. 
Female. Above paler, and whole back tinged with olive; below, 
throat pale cinereous; belly pale yellow. 

Hab. Lower Amazonia and British Guiana. 

This is the smallest species of the genus, and easily recognizable 
by its distinct colouring. 

a,b. <5 $ ad, sk. Bartica Grove, British GuiSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
c d. <$ $ ad. sk.
; "
e r? ad sk.
m& (Whitely). 
Merume* Mountains, British 
Guiana (Whitely). 
Eoraima, British Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
fah y 
r? 9. ad. sk. 
(Whitely). 
Eoraima, British 
(Whitely). 
Guiana Sclater Coll. 

&2 

TANA<iKII>.l<:. 

SI 

4. HYPOPHiEA. 
Type. 

Yp.inh.Ta, />>. Ann. Sc. Nat. 6&. 4, vol. i. p. 127 
(|S54) CNo tyP* given.) 
Hypophaui, Cfo&./. /*. O. 1861, p. 01 H. chalybea. 

Structure of Hypophaa. 

The longer tail and thickened and swollen bill, which shows no 
traces of dentations in its upper mandible, may allow us to keep the 
Tanatjra chahjhea of Mikan separate from the other Euphonias, as 
proposed by Bonaparte and Cabanis. 

The home of JSypophom is in the southern portion of the great 
Brazilian wood-region in the provinces of Sao Paulo, Sta. Catharina, 
and llio Grande do Sul. 

1. Hypophaea chalybea. 
Tanagra chalybea, Mikan, Faun, et Flor. Bras. tab. 3. fig. 1 <$, 2 $> 
(1820), 
Euphonia oenea, Sund. Vet.-Akad. HandLlSS^ p.309,pi. 11. f. 4; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 233; id. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 186; id. Note *. I. Tang. p. 11. 
Tanagra (Euphonia) pardalotes, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1844, p. 31. 
Euphonia chalybea, ticlater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 85; id. P. Z. S. 1856, 

p. 276) id. Si/n. Av. Tan. p. 102; id. Cat A. B. p. 58 ; Burm. Syst. 
I;eh. hi. p. 11)4; l\h. Orn. Bras. p. 204; Scl. et Salv. Nommcl. p. 18. 
Phonusca clialybea, Cab. J.f.O. I860, p. 330. 
IJypoplnca clialybea, Cab. j.f. 0. 1861, p. 91. 

Above dark bronzy bluish green ; front yellow: beneath yellow ; 
upper part of throat green like the back; under surfaces of wings 
and tail dark ashy ; under wing-coverts white; bill dark plumbeous ; 
feet: brown whole length 5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1*6. Female. 
Above olive; front, rump, and margins of wings and tail rather 

5. PYPtTurupnoNrA. 
S3 
more yellowish; below cinereous; sides of breasi, Hanks, nnd 
crissum yellowish olive; under wing-coverts white. 
Hub. S.E. Brazil. 


a, b. 3 $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Selater Coll. 

c. $ ad. &k. S.E. Biazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
<S ad. &k. Novo Fribourjro, Pdo de Salvin-Godniau Coll. 
Janeiro (Toitds). 
e. <$ ad. &k. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
f}g. 3 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq, 
5. 
PYRRHUPHOMA. 
Type. 
Pyrrhuphonia, Bp. C. R. xxxl p. 423 (1850) P. Jamaica. 
This is likewise a monotypic form which, I think, may be conveniently 
separated from the bulk of the Euphonias. It has a much 
thickened bill, as Hypophcea, but shorter and not so much hooked 
at the extremity. There are slight indications of a single tooth. 


This form is peculiar to Jamaica, where it feeds principally on 
fruit and builds a domed nest amongst the parasitic Tillanclsice on 
the trees (cf. Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 240). 


1. Pyrrhuphonia Jamaica. 
Grey Grosbeak, Broivn, III. p. 62, pi. 20. 
Fringilla Jamaica, Linn. S. JSf. i. p. 323. 
Euphonia Jamaica, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 238; id. III. Orn. Jam. pi. 59 tf 


et $ ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 233 ; Selater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 91; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 60 ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 73; Scl. et Salv. Nomend. p. 18. 
Pyrrhuphonia Jamaica, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1851, p. 137; id. Note s. I. Tang. 
p. 11. 
Euphonia cinerea, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1846, p. 277; Bp. Consp. i. p. 235. 
Euphonia jamaicensis, Selater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 280; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 
p. 106. 
Above bluish grey: below paler; middle of belly yellowish; 
crissum whitish; axillaris pale yellow; under wing-coverts and 
inner webs of wing-feathers white ; bill dark plumbeous; feet dark 
brown: whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2'5, tail 1-3. Female. Above 
pale green; head bluish grey; beneath pale bluish grey, flanks 
tinged with green. »' 


Bab. Jamaica. 

a. S ^d. st. Jamaica. Purchased. 
b. J ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Purchased. 
c. (S ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bry- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ant). 
d. 2 
ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Sab. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et Godm.). 
e. P ad. sk. Metcalfe Parish, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Men). 
f. S ad. sk. St. Ann's, Jamaica (Salv. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et Godm.). 
g,h.<$2 ad. sk. Jamaica (Bryant). Bryant Bequest. 

i. $ ad. sk. Jamaica (Osbum). Selater Coll. 
lAJSTAGEnXZE. 

Subfamily III. TANAGRI1SL3E. 
The typical Tanagers (Tanagrince) consist of over 200 species, of 
moderate size and generally of the most brilliant colours. The blue 
and yellow Tanagrce, the scarlet Pyrangce and BhampJiocoeli, and 
the varied coloured Callistce are ^ome of the most splendidly clothed 
groups of the Neotropical Ornis. The structure of the Tanagrina?, 
so far as we can tell it from their dried skins, is very uniform. 
Except in the bill it is very difficult to find definite structural characters 
of any kind, and the numerous genera (36) into which they 
have been divided have been based more on colour than on structure. 
I do not propose to revolutionize this arrangement, but I confess 
that I am not able to assign proper characters to these thirty-six 
(so-called) genera, which, however, I do not doubt are fairl}* natural. 
The Tanagrince may be divided conveniently into ^xe categories, 
distinguished by the structure of their bills, as follows:— 

a. Bill slender j no median tooth; terminal 
notch slight, sometimes almost 
obsolete; no rictal bristles Tanagrina tmnirostres, p. 80. 
0. 
Bill thicker, rather strong; terminal 
notch well defined; no median 
tooth; rictal bristles slight if any.. Tanagrince foiiirosires, p. 139. 
y, 
Bill thick, rather strong: terminal 
notch well defined; median tooth 
more or less well marked; rictal 
bristles well developed Tanagrince setirosires, p. 180. 


S. Bill 
slender, weak; terminal hook 
almost obsolete; no median tooth; 
rictal bristles slight Tanagrince dehilirostres, p. 221. 
a. TANAGRINCE TENUIBOSTBES. 
The slender-billed Tanagers consist of the genus Galliste and the 
allied forms, in which the bill is smaller and less Eringilline than in 
any other part of the group. They form altogether 73 species, 
divided into six genera, of which Galliste is by far the most numerous, 
embracing no less than 61 species, as here recognized. Nearly 
all of these are of brilliant and varied colours. They are diffused 
over the whole of the Tanagrine area in the Neotropical Kegion, but 
are especially prevalent in the higher valleys of the Andes of Colombia, 
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

Key to the Genera, 

Bill thin, elongated; terminal notch obsolete. [p. 87. 
Bill more compressed; plumage black and blue 6. TANAGBELLA, 
Bill more conical; plumage bright grass-green 7. CHLOBOCKRYSA, 

Bill shorter and thicker; terminal notch apparent. [p, 89. 

Bill rather widened at the base. 
Tail longer 8. PIPKXDEA, p. 01. 
Tail shorter 9. PKOCNOPIS, p. 98. 

Bill rather compressed. 
Bill larger; tail longer 10. GALLISTE, p. 95. 
Bill smaller; tail shorter 11. PSEUDODACNIS, 


[p. 138, 
6 . TANAGEELLA. 
87 

6. TANAGREL1A. 
Typo. 
Tanagiella, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 286 (1837) T. cyanoWrcna. 
Hypothlypis, Cab. in Schomb. Beise, iii. p. 067 (1848) T. velia. 
This is the most " tenuirostral" genus of the typical Tanagers, 

and exhibits but very slight traces of a dentation in the upper mandible. 
The four known species are of a brilliant blue in general 
colouring, and are distributed over Guiana, Amazonia, and the wood-
region of S.E. Brazil. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Lower belly and cris&um chestnut. 
a. 
Breast dark blue. 
(Front and sides of head blue 1. velia, p. 87. 
I Front and sides of head purple 2. iridina, p. 88. 
b. Breast bright greyish blue 3. cyanwnelana, p. 88. 
B. Lower belly and crissum black 4. ealophrys, p. 89. 
1. Tanagrella velia. 
Red-bellied Blue-bird, JEdw. Nat. EM. B. pi. 22. 
Motacilla velia, Linn. S. M. i. p. 336 (partim). 
Le Pipit bleu de Surinam, Daub. PI. Enl. 669.fig. 3. 
Tanagravelia, Vieill. Nouv. Bid. xxxii.p. 424; id. JEne. MHh. p. 780. 
Tanagra varia, Steph. Shaw, Zoolxiv. p. 7 ; Cuv. Beg. Anim. i. p. 3G7. 
Hypothlypis iridina, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 667. 
Tanagrella velia, Bp. Consp. I p. 236; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 97; 


id. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 267; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 93; id. Cat. A. B, 

p. 60; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 18; Zayard, lbi$f 1873, p. 379 
(Para); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 209 (Brit. Guian,). 
Above velvety black; forehead, sides of head, external edgings 
of wing- and tail-feathers, and upper tail-coverts bright blue; lower 
back shining silvery green: below bright blue, irregular collar across 
the throat black; middle of belly and crissum chestnut-red; under 
wing-coverts white; bill black, feet dark brown: whole length 
4-10 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2. Female similar, but not quite so bright 
in colouring. 

Hab. Cayenne and Guiana. 

The specimens from the interior of British Guiana are of a rather 
darker blue on the head, and thus somewhat approximate to T. 
iridina. 

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
5. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Purchased. 
e,f. 
$2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

g. $ ad. sk. Merume* Mts., British Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
)i <$ ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
L j. tf ad. sk.; Roraima, 'British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jc. 2 ad.sk. (Whitely). 
I Ad. sk. British Guiana (WJiiMy). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


TANAGBTM. 

2. Tanagrella iridina. 
Tanagra iridina, Hartl Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 305. 
Tanagrella elegantissima, J. et E. Verr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 195• 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 158,1856, p. 207; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 93. 

Tanagrella iridina, Sdater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 264; id. Cat. A. B. p. 60; 
Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 205; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 261 (Rio 
Javai-i) ; iicl Nomencl. p. 18 ; Tacz. Orn. Per, ii. p. 453. 

Tanagra ultrarnarina, Natt. MS. 

Above velvety black ; forehead, sides of the head, external edgings 
of wings and tail-feathers and upper tail-coverts purple-bine ; lower 
back of a pale silvery green : below purplish blue; irregular throat-
collar black; middle of belly and crissum chestnut-red : under wing-
coverts pure white; bill black; feet dark browD : whole length 
5*2 inches, wing 3, tail 2*2. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia, Rio rTegro, and interior of Colombia. 
Very nearly allied to T. velia, but separable by the purplish tint 
of the blue, especially on the head, and the larger size. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Yquitos, Peru. 
Ucayali, Peru (Hauxicell). 
Rio Javari, Peru. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould. Esq. 
Purchased. 
d. e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g, h. Ad. sk.
?,y. Ad. sk.
7c. Ad. sk.
/. Ad, st. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bticldeg). 
Colombia. 
Bogota. 
Oyapock, Cayenne (?). 
Bogota. * 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

3. Tanagrella cyanomelsena. 
Sylvia surinamensis cserulea, Briss. Orn. hi. p. 536 ? 
Motacilla velia, Gm. 8. J\T. i. p. 991 (partim). 
Tanagra cyanomelas, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 453 (1830). 
Tanagrella multicolor, Sio. An. in Menag. p. 313 (1838). 
Tanagrella tenuirostris, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 121. 
Tanagrella velia, Gray, Gen. B. p. 366, sp. 1. 
Tanagrella cyanomelas, Bp. Consp. i. p. 236; Sclater, Contr.Orn. 1851, 


p. 97 ; id. P. Z. S.1856, p. 268 • id. Sijn. A v. Tan. p. 94; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 60 • Burm. Si/st. TJeb. iii. p. 178 * Scl. et Salv. NomencL p. 18. 
Above velvety black • front, sides of head, outer edgings of wing-
and tail-feathers and upper tail-coverts bright blue ; summit of head 
above the front and lower back pale shining silvery green: below 
bright greyish blue; throat blue like the sides of the head; irregular 
neck-collar black ; middle of belly and crissum chestnut-red ; under 
wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 
5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*3. Female similar. 
Eab. S.E. Brazil. 

Easily known from the two preceding species by its bright pale 
green head-spot, which is nearly of the same colour as the lower back. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b} c. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (W. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Forbes), 
d-g. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

7. CHLOROCHRYSA. 
h. Ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
i,j. Ad. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
4. Tanagrella calophrys. 

Hypothlypis callophrys, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 668 (note). 
Tanagrella callophrys,i?p. Compt. Rend, xxxii. p. 77; id. Rev. Zool 1851, 

p. ISO; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 5 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 98, 
pi. 74; id. P. Z. & 1856, p. 268 ; id. Syn. Ac. Tan. p. 94; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 60; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 18. 
Above velvety black ; forehead and wide superciliaries and lower 
back shining silvery green ; upper tail-eoverts and external edgings 
of wing- and tail-feathers purple-blue: beneath purple-blue; middle 
of belly and crissum black; under wing-coverts black; bill and feet 
black : whole length 5*3 inches, wing 3, tail 2*1. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 
At once distinguishable from the three preceding species by its 
broad superciliaries and black vent. 

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru. Sclater Coll. 
d-f. Sk. Ucayali (HauxweU). J. Gould, Esq. 
y-i. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. CHLOROCHRYSA. T 
lype. 
Chlorochrysa, Bp. C. R. xxxii. p. 76 (1851) C. calliparia. 
Calliparaea, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 129 C. calliparia. 

Structure of Chlorochrysa phcenicotis. 

TAHAGKBID.2B. 

This charming group of Tanagers, closely allied to Tanagrella in 
structure, but with the rostral notch still more nearly obsolete, and 
distinguished by its brilliant green colouring, consists of three 
species, which inhabit the forests of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
Their habits appear to resemble those of the Callistce. 

Key to the Species* 

Throat black; middle of belly bluish green 1. caUiparia, p. 90. 
Throat and whole under surface green' 2. jrficenicotis, p. 90. 
Throat yellow; middle of belly black 3. nitidissima, p. 91. 

1. CHorochrysa caliiparia. 
Callospiza calliparsea, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 286; id. 

Faun. Per. p. 205. 
Oalliste calliparsea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235. 
Calliste bourcieri, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 70. 
Calliparsea bourcieri, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1851, p. 129; id. Note s. I Tang. 

p. 3. 
Chloroclirysa calliparsea, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 99, pi. 73. jig. 1; 
id. B. Z. 8.1855, p. 158, 1856, p. 200, et 1N58, p. 74; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 92; id. Oat. A. B. p. (31 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 405;' Set et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 18; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 515; id. Orn. Per. ii. 

p. 452. 
Tanagrella dubusii, Dubois, Arch. Cosmol rol. i. p. 118, t. 7 (1867). 
Aglaia chapoul, Parzudahi, JI8. 
Chloroclirysa bourcieri, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 77. 
Brilliant silky grass-green; spot on the crown and the rump 
orange, the latter bordered above and below with bluish feathers ; 
throat black, with a large deep chestnut blotch on each side of the 
neck; middle of abdomen passing into blue ; under surface of wings 
and tail black; bill and feet black : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 
2*8, tail 1'8. Female similar. Young bird nearly uniform green; 
head-spot and blotches on neck faintly marked : rump orange; below 
paler, throat brownish. 

Hal. Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

I have not had an opportunity of examining Peruvian specimens 
of this species, but cf. Berl. et Tacz. 1. $. e. Skins from Bogota and 
Ecuador agree very well together. 

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salviu-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador {Btwhley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Eio Napo, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Bruce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad.;^. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
ft. Ad. j i. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
2. CMorochrysa phcenicotis. 
Calliste phoenicotis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 70. 
Calliparsea phoenicotis, Bp. Bev. Zool 1851, p. 129; id. Note s. I Tang. 


p. 3. 
8. PIPRIBEA. 
Chlorochrysa phcenicotis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 185], p. 100, pi 73 

f. 2 ; id. P. Z S 1850, p. 2(56,1800, p. 87 ; id. St/n. Av. Tan. p. 0:2; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 61; id. Tins, 1875, p. 4(»6; Scl et Sah. Nommvl. 
p. 18. 
Chlorochrysa sodiroi, Peh. Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 10. 
Above and below nearly uniform shining grass-green; auricular 
spot of thickened feathers coral-red; a small spot in front of this 
and a spot under the eye on each bide, also the lesser wing-coverts 
and the thighs of a shining yellowish olive; under surface of wings 
and tail blackish; bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 5 inches, 
wing 3, tail 1-7. 

Hob. "Western Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Bourcier). Sclater Coll. (One of 
Bonaparte's types.) 
I. S ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c. Jr. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BucJdeif). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salyin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehnann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. CMoroclirysa nitidissima. 
Chlorochrysa nitidissima, Scl P. Z. S. 1873, p. 728; id. Ibis, 1875, 
p. 466, pi. x. 
Above brilliant grass-green; lower back bluish, and with faint 

indications of orange on the rump; interscapulars pale lemon-

yellow ; forehead, face, and throat golden yellow, growing lighter 

at the back of the head and behind the ears, and passing into orange 

on the neck below; abdomen shining bluish green ; middle of belly 

and a distinct spot on each side of the neck below the eye velvety 

black; under surfaces of wings and tail blackish; bill black; feet 

dark brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2"7, tail 1*75. 

Hal. Antioquia, U.S. of Colombia. 

The only specimens of this brilliant species as yet procured were 

obtained by the late Mr. T. K. Salmon. 

a. Sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. S ad. sk. Jerico, Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
8. PIPEIDEA. Type> 
Pipraeidea, Sw. Zool. Jour. iii. p. 173 (1827) P. melanonota. 
Procnopis, Bp. C. B. xxxii. p. 80 (1851), nee Cab. .. P. melanonota. 

This rather widely distributed form varies slightly in different 
localities, and at one time I thought it was possible to discriminate 
two species. The examination of specimens from intermediate 
localities has led me to reduce this supposed species to the rank of 

T12S\G~R1D^. 

subspecies. Pipridea ranges from Venezuela into Paraguay, and is 
also found in Western Ecuador and Peru. If M. Stolzmann's account 
of its internal anatomy is correct (ef. Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 226), 
Pipridea may have to be removed to the EuphonUm*. 

1. Pipridea melanonota. 
mnt. "iPico de punzon azul y canela, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 413. 

Tanagra melanonota, Vieill. Xouv. Diet, xx: 
Tanagra nielanotha, Vieill. Enc. Jleth. p. 773. 
Tanagra vittata, Temm. PL Col. 48. 
Piprasidea cyanea, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 174; Pp. Camp, i. p. 231. 
Aglaia vittata, Danu. Voy. Beagle, Zool. iii. p. 98. 
Callibte vittata, Gray, Gen. B. p. 306; Hartl. 2nd. Az. p. 7. 
Procnopis melanota, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 80; id. Ilev. Zool. 


xxxii. p. 407. 
p. 134; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 8. 
Calliste melanonota, Sclater ^ Contr. Orn. 1851. p. 60. 
Pipridea melanonota, Sctater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 2Uo ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 
p. 91; id. Cat. A. B. p. 61; Sclat. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1&79, p. 508; iid. 
Komencl. p. 18; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. ±>0, 1S82, p. 10 (Peru;. 
Pipridea venezuelensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 205, IbOO, p. 03; id. 
Syn. Av. Tan. p. 91; id. Cat. A. B. p. 01 ; iSd. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 780; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 325 (Colombia). 

Pipridea melanonota venezuelensis, Tacz. et Bert. P. Z. S. 1G84, 

p. 289 j Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. 450. 
Above violaceous blue; whole interscapular region darker, blackish; 
wings and tail black, edged with blue; narrow front, lores, and 
sides of the head deep velvety black, well defined: body beneath 
and under wing-coverts clear ochraceous ; under surfaces of wings 
and tail blackish ; bill black ; feet brown : whole length 5-8 inches, 
wing 3*1, tail 2'2 Female. Above dark brown, tinged with blue 
on the head and rump; below like the male. 

Hal. Paraguay, S.E. Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Venezuela. 
The differences upon which I established P. venezuelensis in 1856 
do not seem to be constant in the same locality. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. <$ ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
b-d. S ad. sk.;
e. 2 ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sabin-Godman Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk.
g. $ ad, sk.
h, i <$ $ ad. sk. 
Eio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil(Joyner). 
Pelotas, Eio Grande doSul, Brazil {Joyner). 
Brazil. ' 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
j . $ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
'k. <S ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp. venezuelensis. 
a. <$ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. <S ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

9 . PJIOCNOPTS. 
9,1 
d. S ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Relator Coll. 
e. J ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
f. g> $ ad. ,sk. Ecuador. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
9. PROCNOPIS. 
Typo. 
Procnopis, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 284 P. atrocsemlea. 
Diva, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Specif, p. 16 (1854) P. vassori. 
This little group of three species comes very close to Galliste, but 

has a shorter and wider bill and rather longer wings in proportion. 
Its range embraces the elevated districts of Venezuela, Colombia, 
Ecuador, and Peru. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Interscapulium blue. 
Nape blue like the back 1. vassori, p. 93. 
Nape pale silvery grey 2. branickii, p. 94. 
B. Interscapulium black 
3. atroccerulea, p. 94. 
1. Procnopis vassori, 
Tanagra (Euphone?) va&sorii, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 4; id. Maq. 
de Zool 1841, pi. 23. 
Tanagra (Aglaia) diva, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1844, p. 57 j id. Descr. d. 
Mamm. et Ois. p. 347. 
Calliste vassorii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, 

p. 60. 
Procnopis vassori, Bp. Co?npt. Bend. x\xii. p. 80; id. Ber. Zool 1851, 
p. 184 ; id. Note s. I Tany. p. 9. 
Diva vassori, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1855, p. 158,1856, p. 264, et I860, 
p. 87 ; id. Syn. Av. Tern. p. 90; id. Cat A. B. p. 62; Scl et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 234 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 498 (Antioquia); iid. 
Nomencl p. 18 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 226 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 454; Berl.J.f. 0.1883, p. 289 • Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 77. 
Above and below nearly uniform shining deep purple-blue; 
narrow front, lores, wings, and tail black; wing-coverts edged with 
blue like the back; bill and feet black: whole length 4*6 inches, 
wing 2*7, tail 1*9. Female similar, but less bright in colour. 
Younq. Cinereous, washed with blue ; wings and tail blackish. 


Hob. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Sierra Nevada, Venezuela Salvm-Godman Coll. 
(Goeriny). 
b. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
c. d. S 2 ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. - Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk. 
</, h. tf ad. sk. Bogota. Would Coll. 
t 6 ad sk Me'dellim U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvm-Godman Coll. 

94 TANAGKRID.2E. 
j . (S ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon), 
k, I (S ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvln-Godman Coll. 
m, n. <$ ad. sk. Puna Island, Ecuador Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
o. $ a(ifek(
Buckley). 
Above Puellaro, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 
(Fraser). 
p. 3 ad. sk.; Tambillo/Peru (StolzSclater 
Coll. 
q. Jr. sk. matin). 

2. Procnopis branickii. 
Diva branickii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 10, pi. i.fig."2; id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 455. 
Above shining deep purple-blue; head and nape greyish green 
•with a silvery tinge; lores, narrow front, wings, and tail black• 
wing-coverts edged with blue like the back; bill and feet black: 
whole length 4*5 inches, wing 3, tail 1*9. Female similar, but 
less brilliant in colour, and back rather greyish. 

Hah. N.E. Peru. 
Exactly like D. vassori in structure, but distinguished by the 
differently coloured head in both sexes. 

a, h. <$ $ ad. sk. Tamiapampa, K.E. Peru (Stclzmann). Sclater Coll. 

3. Procnopis atricserulea. 
Procnopis atrocasrulea, Tscli. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 285 j id. 
F. P., Aves, p. 199, pi. 13. fig. 2. 
Calliste atrocserulea, Gray, Gen. P., App. p. 17; Sclater, Confr. Orn. 
1851, p. 59 ; id. P. Z. S. 1850, pp. 19, 259 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 84; 
id. Mon. Call. p. 09, t. xxxi.; Bp. Consp. i. p. 285; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 515 (Centr. Peru); Scl et Sate. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 599 
(Bolivia) j iid. Nomencl. p. 19. 

Ckalcotkraupis 
atrocserulea, Bp. P. Z. 1851, p. 144 j id. Note s.l. 
Tang, p. 19. 
Diva atrocserulea, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 456. 

Above, head and neck greyish blue, with an. indistinct rounded 
nuchal patch of pale straw-colour ; lores and interscapulium black ; 
rump and upper tail-coverts bright blue; wings black, edged with 
bright blue like the rump ; tail black, narrowly edged with bright 
blue: below bright blue; throat rather silvery; breast and flanks 
variegated by slight black spots; bill blackish ; feet dark brown : 
whole length 4*8 inches, wing 3, tail 1*5. Yoiaig. Dusky grey, 
beneath slightly varied with whitish; wings and tail dark, with slight 
blue edgings to the remiges and rectrices. 

Ecib. Peru and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Cull. 
#, c. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Jr. sk. Nairari, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10 . CALLISTE. 
10. CALLISTE. 
Typo, 
Calliste, Bote, Isis, 1820, p. 074 0. tricolor, 
Aglaia, Btv. Zool. Jour. iii. p. 347 (1827) 0. tatao. 
Calonpiza, Q. R. Gray, List of Gen. B. p. 44 (1840) 0. tricolor. 
Gyrola, JReichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxxvii. (1850) .. C. gyrola. 
Tatao, Bp. C. R. xxxii. p. 80 (1851) C. tatao. 
Clirysothraupis, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 142 C. aumlenta. 
Ixothraupis, Bp. Rev. Zool 1851, p. 143 0. punctata. 
Chalcothraupis, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p, 144 0. labradorides. 
Eusckenion, Scl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 95 0. flava. 
Euprepiste, JScL Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 95 0. brasiliensis, 

The most numerous and, as its name implies, perhaps the most 
beautiful group of the typical Tanagers is widely diffused in the 
Neotropical Region, from the forests of Tabasco in Southern Mexico 
to those of Paraguay and Southern Brazil. On the western slope of 
the Andes Oallistce only occur as far south as the Gulf of Guyaquil. 
Thus the Patagonian Subregion is entirely without this form, and 
but one species has yet been detected in the Antillean Subregion. 
In the Central-American Subregion, as Messrs. Salvin and Godman 
have shown us, nine species are found, and the genus reaches its 
maximum of development in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and 
Peru. 

Salmon found three species of Calliste nesting in the State of 
Antioquia. The nest is open, made outwardly of moss, and lined 
with fine roots, fibres, and horsehair. The eggs are pale greenish 
in colour, more or less thickly spotted and blotched with various 
shades of brown *. See also Euler's description of the nest and 
eggs of Calliste tricolor (J. f. 0. 1867, p. 410). 

The sixty-one species of Calliste known to me may be divided for 
convenience into twelve sections, for which, however, it is only 
possible to give general characters of plumage. 

SECT. I. Group of C. tatao. 
Cap of bright green, squamose feathers; rump bright scarlet or yellow. 
(2 species.) p. 90. 

SECT. II. Group of C. tricolor. 

General plumage bright green or blue, varied with yellow and reel; body 
beneath not spotted. (8 species,) p. 98. 

SECT. III. Group of C. punctata. 

General plumage green; breast and belly more or less spotted with 
rounded black spots. (6 species.) p. 103. 

SECT. IV. Group of C. aurulenta. 

Plumage generally of a golden yellow; interscapuhum black, variegated 
with yellow (5 species.) p. 108. 

* See P. Z. S. 1879, p. 498, pi. xlii.fig. 2. 
9 6 
TAXAGPJDiE. 

SECT. V. Group of C.Jlava. 

General plumage dull green or pale yellow; cap rufous or yellow, (7 
species.) * P- HI . 

SECT. VI. Group of C. gyrola. 

General plumage "bright green ; cap rufous. (5 species.) .. p. 116. 

SECT. VII. Group of C. hra^iliensis. 

General plumage black and blue; interscapulium black; bend of wing 
blue. (3 species.) p. 119. 

SECT. VIII. Group of C. inornata. 

General plumacre dull cinereous ; bend of wing bright blue. (1 species.) 

[p.m. 
SECT. IX. Group of C. nigriviridis. 
General plumage more or less black edged with blue, forming sqtianiulations 
j rump shining green or blue. (3 species.) p. 122. 

SECT. X. Group of C. larruta. 

Interscapulium and chest black ; rump shinimr blue or green. (4 species) 

[p. 124. 
SECT. XI. Group of C. n<fictrvu. 
Rump 
and body beneath shining blue or green; middle of abdomen 
rufous. (12 species.) p. 129. 

SECT. XII. Group of C. cyanoptera. 

Back silvery green ; cap black; sexes different in plumage, (o species.) 

[p. 13-5. 
SCOT. I. Group of C tatao. 

Key to the Species, 

Rump, upper half scarlet, lower yellow 1. tatao, p. 96. 
Rump wholly scarlet 2. yeni, p. 97. 

1. Calliste tatao. 
Tanagra tatao, Linn. & JV. i. p. 315; Kittl Kilpf. d. Vog. p. 23, 
t. xxxi. fig. 3 ; Vieill. Enc. Mefh. p. 778. 
Aglaia paradisea, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 286. 
Callispiza tatao, Cab. in Sehomb. Guian. iii. p. 669; Cab. Mm. Hein. 
I p. 26. 
Tatao paradiseus, Bp. Note s. 1. Tang. p. 15; id. Ret. Zool 1851, p. 141. 
Calliste tatao, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; Bunu. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 187; 

Sclafer, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 50; id. Man. Callnt p. 1, pi. i. i 1; id. 

P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 244; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 70; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 62; 
ScL et 8ah. Nomencl. p. 18: Salt. IUs} 1885, p. 209 (Brit. 
Guian.). 
Calliste coelicolor, JSclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 51 ; id. P. Z. S. 1856, 

p. 157, et 1856, pp. 19, 245; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 71; id. Mon. 
10 . CAXLISTE. 
97 

Callut. p. 3, pi. i. f. 2; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 205; Tacz. P. Z. 8, 

1882, p. 10 (Huambo, N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 458, 
Tangara du Br&il, Daub. PI. JEnl. 127. fig. 2. 
Tangara septicolor, Desm. Tang, tab. 1. 


Above velvety black; bend of wing turquoise-blue; edgings of 
wing-coverts and primaries purple-blue ; lower back golden yellow, 
with the upper portion scarlet; top and sides of the head covered 
with bright grass-green scaly feathers : below turquoisc-blue, throat 
purple, lower belly and crissum black; under wing-coverts turquoise-
blue ; under surface of wings and tail blackish; bill black; feet 
dark brown: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2. Female 
similar to the male. Young. Duller in colour, and with scarcely 
any traces of scarlet on the back. 

Sab. Cayenne, Guiana, Eio rTegro, Colombia, and 2T.E« Peru. 

I do not now distinguish the Colombian form which I formerly 
separated as O. ccelicohr; except in rather larger size it is scarcely 
different from Cayenne skins. It is very curious that this species 
seems to cross the range of 0. yeni (which occurs in Eastern 
Ecuador) into KE . Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
b. <$ ad. sk.; c. Jr. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, f. (S $ ad. sk. ; Merume" Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. S jr. sk. (Whitely). 
h, i. <$ ad. sk.; j. § Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk.; k. $ jr. sk. ( Whitely). 

I. <$ ad. sk. Marabitanas (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Bogota, New Granada. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. 
Anolaima, Colombia. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of C. cmlicolor.) 
p. Jr. sk. Anolaima, Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
r. <3 ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stohmann), Sclater Coll. 
2. Calliste yeni. w l 
Aglaia chilenais. Vig. P. Z. S. 1832, p. 3; Jard. et Selb. Ill Orn. n. s. 

pi. 25.* ~ 

Aglaia yeni, dJOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 31. 

Callospiza yeni, Tsck Faun. Per. p. 201. 

Tanagra yeni, d'Orb. Voy. p. 270, pi. 24. f. 2. 

Calliste yeni. JBp. Consp. i. p. 234; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 51; 

id. RZ. 8. 1856, pp. 19, 245,1858, p. 453, 1873, p. 780 (Cosnipata) 
: id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 71; id. Cat. A. B. p. 62; id. Mon. 
Callist. p. 5; pi. 2; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 180 (Ucayali), 
1867, pp. 749, 977,1873, p. 261 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 598 (Bolivia); 
iid. Nomencl p. 18; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 206 (Matogrosso) ; Tacz. 

P.Z. 8. 1874, p. 514 (Centr. Peru), 1882, p. 11 (N.E. Peru) ; id. 
Om. Per. ii. p. 457; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.1885, p. 77 (Ecuador). 
Tatao yeni, Bp. Bev. Zool 1851, p. 141; id. Note s. I Tang. p. 15. 

Above velvety black; bend of wing turquoise-blue; edgings of 
wing-coverts and primaries purple-blue; lower back bright scarlet; 
VOL. xi. H 


9 8 
TANAGBTDJJ. 

top and sides of head covered with bright grass-green scaly feathers: 
below turquoise-blue, throat purple; lower belly and crissum 
blackish ; under wing-coverts turquoise-blue; under surface of wings 
and tail blackish; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 5 
inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-2. Female like the male. Young. Not 
so bright, mixed with greenish below; rump orange. 

Bab. Bolivia, Peru, Upper Amazonia, and E. Ecuador. 
The uniform scarlet rump at once distinguishes this splendid 
species from 0, tatao. 

a. Ad. &t. Bolivia. Purchased. 
6. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c,d. S2 ad. sk.
e. <$ ad. sk.
/ Ad. sk.
g. <$ ad. sk. 
Typuani, Bolivia (Buckley), 
Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia (B. Forbes). 
Pebas, Eastern Peru 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
(KauxwelT). 
Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Peru. Purchased. 
j , k. Ad. sk.
/. Jr. sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Ecuador (Buckley). 
Rio Napo, Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

SECT. 
II. Group of C. tricolor. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Head blue or green; interscapulium black. 
Lower back wholly orange 3. fasfosa, p. 98. 
Lowrer back, upper portion orange, lower 
green 4. tricolor, p. 09. 
Lower back bright green 5. festiva, p. 100. 

B. 
Head yellow, or green variegated with black; 
interscapulium black, varied with green or 
yellow. 
Nape yellow, striated with black 0. cyaneiventris, p. 100. 

Nape green, striated with black : 
) throat yellow 7. thoraeica, p. 101. 
j throat bluish black 8. gouldi, p. 102. 

Nape yellow 9. schranki, p, 102. 
Nape green, washed with golden 10. florida, p. 103. 

3. Calliste fastosa. 
Tanagra fastuosa, Less. Cent. Zool. pi. 58, p. 184. 

Calliste fastuosa, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 52; 
id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19,240; id. Mon. Callist p. 9, pi. 4; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 72; id. Cat. A. B. p. 62; ScL et Sab. Nomeml. p. 18; 
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 331. 

Tatao fastuosa, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 142; id. Note s. I Tang. p. 16. 

Above, head and neck bluish green; front and upper back black, 
lower back and external edges of outer secondaries brilliant orange; 
wings and tail black edged with purple, the lesser wing-coverts 
shining greenish blue like the head : below dark purple-blue, pass


10 . OA.LLI8TE. 99 
ing into lighter, silvery, blue on the breast; middle of throat black, 
separated from the black chin by a line of greenish blue which joins 
the similarly coloured sides of the head; under surface of wings 
and tail blackish; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 5*5 
inches, wing 2-8, tail 2. Female similar to the male, but rather 
less brilliant in colour. 

Hab. Province of Pernambuco, Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Mr. J. Abrahams [P.], 
c. Ad. sk. Pernambuco. Sclator Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Pernambuco (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk. Pernambuco {Forbes). Sclator Coll. 
"g9 h. Ad. sk, Brazil. Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
4. CaDiste tricolor. -* -* V * ''' 
Tanagra tricolor, Gm, 8. JSf. i. p. 891: Vieill Enc, MSth. p. 779 : 

Temm. PI Col 215. f. 1 ($). 

Tanagra tatao, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 459. 

Calliste tricolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; Burm. 8yst Ueb, iii. p. 187 j 

Sdater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p; 51; id. P.Z.8. 1850, pp. 19,240; 
id. Mon. Callist. p. 7, pi. 3 j id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 72; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 63; 8cl. et Safa. Nomencl. p. 18; Euler,J,f, 0.1867, p. 410 
(nest); Pelzeh, Orn. Bras. p. 206. 
Callispiza tricolor, Cab. Mm. Rein. i. p. 26; id. J.f. 0.1874, p. 83 
(Rio). 
Tatao tricolor, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 141; id. Note s. I Tang. p. 10. 
Tang. vane" a tete verte de Cayenne, Daub, PL Enl 32. fig. 1. 
Tang, tricolor, male, Desm. Tang. t. 3. 
Green-headed Tanager, Lath. Gen. Mist. vi. p. 24. 

Above shining green, cap greenish blue; narrow front and inter


scapulium black; a large blotch on the lower back below the intor


scapulium orange; wings and tail black, edged with bright green, 

the lesser wing-coverts purple: below, middle of throat black, 

divided from the narrow black chin by a line of shining greenish 

blue, which connects the similarly coloured sides of the head; breast 

and upper belly shining blue; lower belly, flanks, and crissum bright 

green; under surface of wings and tail dark cinereous; under 

wing-coverts pale cinereous white; bill black; feet dark brown: 

whole length 5-2 inches, wing 4*7, tail 2*1. Female similar, but 

less bright in colours. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil: provinces of Bahia, Eio, Sao Paulo, and 

Goyaz. 

On the nesting of this species, cf. Euler I. s. c. 

a. <S ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. $ ad. sk. Bio Janeiro. R. H. Wood, Esq. [P.]. 
c d ad. sk. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Rothesay 
LP.]. 
d, e. <$ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
kg. £ $> ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll, 
h, i d ? ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

H2 

100 TAtfAGKIDJS. 
j . 2 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
h, I S $ ad sk. Rio Claro, (xoyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
m. J ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

5. Calliste festiva. 
Tanagra tricolor; var. ft Gm. S. N, i. p. 892. 
Tanagra festiva, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 537. 
Tanagra cyanocephala, VieilL Noui: Diet, xxxii. p. 425; id. Eac. Meih. 


p. 780; Temm. PL Col. 215. f. 2 ( $). 
Tanagra trichroa, Liclxt. Donbl. p. 80. 
"Tanagra rnbricollis, Temm.!' Mac. Beit/: iii. p. 450. 
Aglaia cyanocephala, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 5. 
Calliste festiva, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 188; 
Sclater, Contr. Orn, 1851, p. 51; id. P. Z. S. 1650, pp. 10, 240; 
id. Mon. Callist. p. 11, pi. 5 ; id. Syn. At: Tan. p. 72 ; zV/. Cat. A. 

B. p. 03; 3d. et Salv. Nomeucl. p. 19; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 206 ; 
Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 302; Forbes, Ibis, Lvsl. p. 332. 
Callispiza festira, 6fe&. Jfw*.-He/w. i. p. 20; id.J.f. 0.1874, p. 83 
(Rio). 
Tatao festiva, ^p. -Key. Zoo/. 1851, p. 141; id. Note s. 1. Tang. p. 10. 
Tang, varie a tete bleue de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 33. tig. 2. 
Tang, tricolor, femelle, Desm. Tang. t. 4. 
Green-headed Tanager, Tar. A, Lath. Gen. Hist. vi. p. 25. 

Above and below bright grass-green; front, chin, and upper back 
black, cap and throat blue, sides of the head and broad neck-collar 
behind scarlet; wings and tail black, edged with green like the 
back, lesser wing-coverts black, with a slight orange bar across the 
tips : under surface of wings and tail cinereous, under wing-coverts 
white; bill black; feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*5, 
tail 1*9. Female similar, but rather less bright, and the interscapulium 
variegated with green. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil: provinces of Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio, and 

S. Paulo. 
Though confounded by the older authors with C. tricolor this is a 
most distinct species, easily known from every other Calliste by the 
conspicuous red collar on the back and sides of the head. 

a. S ad. sk. S. America. Purchased, 
o. $ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. tf 2 ad. sk, Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 
f, g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. S $ ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 

6. Calliste cyaneiventris. 
Tanagra cyanoventris, VieilL Nouv. Diet xxxii. p. 426 (1819) • id 

Enc.M4thv.781. 
Tanagra elegans, Max. Beise n. Bras. i. p. 187 (1820). 
Tanagra citrinella, Temm. PI CoL 42. f. 2 (1823); Max. Beitr. iii. 

p. 464. 
10 . CALLISTE. 101 
Calliste eitrinella, Bp. Consp. I p. 234; Burm. 8i/st Uek iii. p. 184 
Chrysothraupis citrinella, Bp. Itev. Zool. 1851, p. 142; id. Note s.1 
Tang. p. 17. 
Calliste cyaneiventris. Scl. Conir. Orn. 1851, p. 52; id. P. Z. S.1850, 

pp. 19, 247; id. Mon. Callist. p. 13, pi. 0; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 78; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 63 j Scl. et Salv. Nommcl. p. 19; Pelzeln. Orn. 
Bras. p. 206. 

Aglaia citrinella, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 6. 

Above golden yellow, variegated, especially on the interscapulium, 
with black; broad front black; wings and tail black, broadly edged 
with bright green; upper tail-coverts bright green: below turquoise-
blue, passing into bright.green in the middle of the belly; crissum 
fulvous; throat black, divided from the black chin by a yellowish 
line ; under wing-coverts white• bill black; feet dark brown : whole 
length 5-2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*1. Female similar. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil: provinces of S. Espiritu, Rio, and S. Paulo. 
A very isolated species, easily distinguished by its golden head 
and back, variegated with black between the wings. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Rothesay [P.], 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 4Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. skB Eio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad, sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
7. Calliste tiioraeica. 
Tanagra thoracica, Temm, PI Col. 42. f. 1 (1823). 
Calliste thoracica, Bp. Consp. i. p, 234; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, 

n. 54; id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 247; id. Mon. Callist. p. 15, pi. 7 • 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 73; id. Cat. A. B. p. 63; Scl. et Salv. J\To?nericl. 
p. 19; Burm. Syst. Tleb. iii. p. 186; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 206. 
Callispiza thoracica, Cab. Mas. Nein. i. p. 26. 
Chrysothraupis thoracica, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1851, p. 143; id. Note s. I. 
Tang. p. 17. 

Above bright grass-green, variegated with triangular black 
striations; front black* a slight band above the front and feathers 
round the eye bright turquoise-blue; wings and tail black, edged 
with bright green like the back; the lesser wing-coverts edged with 
o-olden yellow: below bright green, large circular pectoral patch 
orange-yellow; middle of the belly, crissum, and under wing-
coverts pale yellow; a small gular patch black, separated from the 
narrow black chin by a yellowish line, which is connected on each 
side with the yellow breast • bill blackish ; feet pale brown: whole 
length 5-4 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2*4. Female similar to the male, 
but not quite so bright; gular patch blackish. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil: prov. of Rio, Minas, Goyaz, S. Paulo, and Rio 
Grande do Sul. 
Another distinct species, readily known by its conspicuous orange-
yellow pectoral patch. 

102 1ANAGB1DJE. 

a. $ ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
6. Ad. sir. Brazil, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. $ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sul, Brazil (Joyner). 

e. tf ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
f> 9- d 2 &&• fek- Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
h, i> d S ad. sk. Brazil Purchased. 
;. Skel. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 

8. Calliste gouldi. 
Calliste gouldi, Scktier, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 849 
Above shining green; interseapulium varied with black; front and 
lores black; forehead and ocular region blue : wings and tail 
black, edged with bright green, smaller wing-coverts tinged with 
golden : below bright green, passing into bluish green on the sides 
of the belly ; chin black; a large throat-patch bluish black; middle 
of lower belly and crissum pale fulvous ; under wing-coverts white; 
bill black; feet pale brown: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

The single specimen from the Gould Collection is apparently 
of Brazilian " make." The species is very like 0. thoracka in its 
upper plumage, but at once distinguishable by the large bluish-
black guttural patch. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coil. (Type of the species.) 
9. Calliste schranM. 
Tanagra schrankii, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 38, pi. 51; d'Orb. Voy. 
p. 270, pi. 24. f. 1, 
Aglaia schrankii, Lafr. et d* Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 31; Bp. P. Z. S. 
1837, p. 122. 
Aglaia melanotis, Szo. An. in Menag. p. 355 ( $ ). 
Calliste schrankii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235, sp. 18 ; Sclaier, Contr. Orn. 

1851, p. 54; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115, 1850, pp. 19, 248, 1857, 

p. 264, et 1858, pp. 74, 453 ; id. Mon. Callisi. p. 17, pi. 8 ; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 74; id. Cat A.B. p. 04; 8cl. et Salo. P.Z.B. 1S6G, 
p. 180,1867, pp. 749, 977, 1873, pp. 185,2(31 (Peru), 1879, p. 598 
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 19; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 (Central 
Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 459. 
Callospiza schrankii, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 201. 
Chrysotkraupis schrankii, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 143; id. Note s. I 
Tang. p. 17. 

Above golden yellow; front of head up to eyes and sides of head 
black; interseapulium black, variegated with bright green ; wings 
and tail black, edged with greenish blue; secondaries and scapulars 
edged with green like the back : below bright green, middle of breast 
and belly golden yellow; chin black; crissum yellowish: under 
surface of wings and tail dark cinereous; under wing-coverts 

10 . CALLISTE. 
103 

whitish.; bill black; feet brown : whole length 4*6 inches, wing 2-7, 
tail 1-7. Female similar, but not so bright; head green; rump 
green, slightly tinged with yellow. 

Hah. Eastern Ecuador, Upper Amazonia, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b,c. $ $ ad.sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. $ ad. sk.; Pebas, Eastern Peru (Ham- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. <$ jr. sk. well). 

g. tfad. sk. Eastern Peru (Fams). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. $ $ ad. sk. Ucayali (Hauxwell). Gould Coll. 
j. 
<$ ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons (Haux- Sclater Coll. 
well), 
k $ ad. sk. Central Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
l} m. <$ ad. sk, Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. c? 2 Bolivia. Purchased. 

ad.
St. 


p. (S ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
q, r. J ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
10. Calliste ilorida. 
Calliste florida, 
JScl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 416, pi. 28; iid. 
Nomencl p. 19; Sdlrin, Ibis, 1870, p. 114; Sclater, Ibis, 1876, 

p. 409; Sabin et Godm. Biol. Gentr.-Am,, Aves} i. p. 267, t. xvii. 
%• 1. 
Above bright grass-green, nape and rump washed with golden 

yellow; interscapulium black, variegated with green; wings and 

tail 
black, edged with green; front and auricular region black: 

below bright green, middle of the belly and crissum yellow; under 

wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 5 

inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*7. Female similar, but not quite so bright, 

and no golden colour on the nape. 

Hah. Costa Eica and Yeragua. 

a. § ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
SECT. III. Group of C. punctata. 

General plumage green ; breast more or less spotted with rounded 
black spots. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Throat white, slightly spotted. 
Superciliaries whitish. 
Outer edges of wing-coverts green 11. punctata, p. 104. 
Outer edges of wing-coverts golden 12. puncttdata, p. 104. 

Superciliaries golden 
13. guttata, p. 105. 

B. 
Throat green, slightly spotted. 
Middle of belly yellow 14. xantJiogastra, p. 106. 
Middle of belly green 15. graminea, p. 106. 
C. Throat red, unspotted 
16. rufigularis, p. 107. 
TA2TAGEIDJE3. 

11. Calliste punctata. 
Tanagra punctata, Linn. S. N. i. p. 316. 
Calliste punctata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; Mat. Conir. Orn. 1851, 

p. 55; id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 248 ; id. Mon. Callist. p. 19, pi. 9 ; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 74; id. Cat. A. B. p. 64; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 19; Beh. Orn. Bras. p. 206 (Rio Negro) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 460; Tacz. et Berl. B.Z. 8. 1885, p. 77 (Ecuador) ; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 209 (Brit. Guian.). 
Ixotkraupis punctata, 
Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 143• id. Note s. I 
Tang. p. 18. 

Above bright green; feathers of bead, upper back, and wing-
coverts black, edged with green, and thus snowing rounded black 
spots : below white tinged with green, especially so on the flanks, 
and spotted down to the middle of the belly with rounded black 
spots, which occupy the centres of the feathers; middle of the belly 
white, unspotted; crissum greenish white, slightly spotted; under 
surface of wings and tail ashy black ; under wing-coverts white; 
bill and feet bluish black: whole length 4*6 inches, wing 2-5, tail 
1-6. Female similar, but rather smaller, and the black spots smaller 
and more faint. 

Hah. Cayenne, British Guiana, and Eio Negro. 

a. S ad. sk.; Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. J ad. sk. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne (JelsM). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. <5 ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Wkitehj). 
g,h. <$ § ad. sk. Merume* Alts./ Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wliitely). 
i,j- 8 ad. sk; Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. ? ad. sk. (Whitely). 
1. <$ ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
12. Calliste punctulata. 
Calliste punctulata, 
ScL et Sab. B. Z. S. 1876, p. 353, 1879, p. 598 ; 
Sclater, Ibis, 1876, p. 408. 

Similar to O. punctata, but larger, brighter, and more strongly 
marked; sides of neck and breast and wing-coverts washed with 
golden yellow: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2. 

Hah. Bolivia and Ecuador. 

The specimens from the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, 
obtained by Mr. Buckley at the two localities below mentioned, are 
the only examples I have seen of this not very distinct species. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). (Type of the species.) 
b. 8 ad. sk» Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 8 ad. sk. San Jos£, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
10 . CALLISTE. 
105 
13. Calliste guttata. 
Spotted Emerald Tanager, Lath. Gen. Hist. vi. p. 10, 
Callospiza punctata, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 009. 
Callispiza guttata. Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 20. 
Calliste guttulata, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxii. p. 70; Sclater. P. Z. S. 


1855, p. 157, et 1850, p. 19. 
Calliste chrysophrys, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 24, pi. 09. f. 2, et 

p. 54 
Ixothraupis guttulata, Bp. JRev. Zool. 1851, p. 144; id. Note s.l 
Tang. p. 18. 
Calliste guttata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 249 ; id. Mon. Callist. 

1870, p.- 579; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 82 (Trinidad); Lazor. Ami. 

Z. N. Y. ix. p. 98 (Costa Rica) ; v. Frantz. Jour. f. O. 1809, 
p. 298 (Costa Rica); Wt/att, Ibis, 1871, p. 325 (Ocana, Col); 
Salvia, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 187 (Cliiriqui) ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 209 
(Brit. Guian.); Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.~Am,, Ams, i. p. 207 ; 
Berl.J.f.O. 1884, p. 289. 
Above bright green ; feathers of head, upper back, and wing-coverts 
black, edged with, green, and thus showing rounded black spots; 
lores black; narrow front and feathers round the eye golden yellow : 
below white, tinged with green on the flanks; sides of the throat 
and breast spotted with well-defined oval black spots; middle of 
belly and under wing-coverts white; erissum yellowish; bill 
blackish, lower mandible plumbeous; feet dark brown: whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*1. Female similar, but less distinctly 
marked, and slightly smaller in size. 

Hah. British Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Northern Colombia, 

and Isthmus of Panama north to Costa Rica. 

The larger size and golden-yellow front and eye-region appear to 

distinguish this species very satisfactorily from tho two preceding. 

As regards its alleged occurrence in Ecuador (upon which Messrs. 

Salvin and Godman, I. s. c, have lately cast some doubt) we have 

only Bourcier's authority, and there was probably some error. 

a, b. c? ad. sk.; Roraima,Brit.Guian.(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Jad.sk. 
d. S 
ad. sk. Venezuela {Dyson). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of C. chrysopJmjs.) 
e. <$ ad. sk. Puerto Cabello. Sclater Coll. 
/, g. cS ad. sk. Caracas. D. Dyson [C.]. 
h. 
S ad. sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela (Goe- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ring), 
i. S ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j,h. <$ $ sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
/. tf ad. sk.; m, Bogota. Gould Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk. 
o. S ad. sk. Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
p. (S acl. sk. Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. <S ad. sk. Southern slope of Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqui (Arce*). 
r. (S ad. sk. Chiricui (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
TAJtfAG-EniaE. 

106 

s. c? ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Oosta Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
if. (S ad. sk. Angostura, Oosta Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
%i. $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 

14. Oalliste xanthogastra. 
Calliste xanthogastra, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, pp. 23, 5o; id. 
P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115,1855, p. 157, et 1856, pp. 19, 249; id. Mon. 
Callist. p. 23, pi. 11; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 75; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 64; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 180,1867, p. 977, et 1873, 
p. 261 (Upp. Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 19; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 514, et 1882, p. 11; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 461 (Peru) ; 8ah. Ibis, 
1885, p. 209 (Brit. Guian.). 
Ixothraupis ckrysogaster, Bp. Bev. Zool 1851, p. 144; id, Note s. I. 
Tang. p. 18. 

Above bright green, interscapulium bluish green, slightly varied, 
except on lower back, with rounded black spots occupying the centres 
of the feathers; wings and tail black, edged with bluish green like 
the interscapulium: below bright green, slightly spotted with round 
black spots; middle of belly and crissum sulphur-yellow; under 
surface of wings and tail dark cinereous; under wing-eovcrts white; 
bill blackish; feet dark cinereous: whole length 4*2 inches, wing 
2*5, tail 1*5. Female similar ; not quite so bright. 

Hcib. Upper Amazonia, Eastern Ecuador, Colombia, and Roraima, 
Brit. Guiana. 

This is quite a distinct species, readily known by its yellow belly. 

a. S ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
e-e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Upper Amazons. 
Pebas, E. Peru (HauxweW). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (BticMey). 
Rio Napo. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of C. xanthogastra, Set.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
/, &. 2 a(l* s** Colombia. Purchased. 

I, m. <$ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (WJiitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n. 
$ ad. sk. Kukenam, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whiteiy). 
15. Calliste graminea. 
Tangara tachete* de Cayenne, Buff. PI Bnl. 301. f. 1. 
Tangara petit Syacou, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 462. 
Tanagra graminea, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 40, pi. 53. £2(5). 
Calliste virescens, Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 22, pi. 69. f. 1, et 


p. 56. 
Ixothraupis pusilla, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1851, p. 144; id. Note s. I. Tang. 
p. 18. 
Calliste graminea, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 250; id. Mon. Callist 
p. 25, pi. 12; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 76; id. Cat. A. B. p. 64; Scl et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 19. 
10 . CALLISTE. 107 
Above and below bright green ; intorscapulium bluish green; 
wings and tail blackish, edged with bluish green like the interscaptilrum; 
head and breast varied with a few small, almost obsolete 
blackish spots; middle of belly slightly yellowish; wings and tail 
beneath pale ashy ; under wing-coverts white; bill nearly black ; 
feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*5. Female. Noarly 
uniform grass-green, rather yellowish on the belly. 

Hob. Cayenne and Lower Amazonia. 

This is a scarce species. It clearly belongs to the present group, 
but the usually characteristic rounded spots are but slightly apparent. 
It is also of remarkably small size. 

a. c? ad. sk. Cayenne. SclaterColl. (One of the 
types of C. virescetis.) 
b. c? ad. sk. 
c. S ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll, 
Gould Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. 
/ . ? ad. sk. 
;; e. Pull. sk. Cayenne. 
Brazil. 
Purchased. 
Sclater CoU. 

16. Calliste rufigularis. 
Tanagrella rufigula, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxii. p. 77 j id. Rev. Zool. 

1851, p. 130; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 4. 

Calliste rufigula, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 55. 

Calliste rufigularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 250, 1850, p. 440, 

I860, p. 86; id. Mon. Callist. p. 27, pi. 13; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 

p. 76 j id. Cat. A. B. p. 65 ; Scl. el Salv. Nomencl. p. 19. 
Above, head black; interscapulium and wing-coverts black, edged 
with green; wings and tail black, slightly margined with green; 
lower back green, slightly spotted with blackish : below white, 
breast and flanks spotted with rounded black spots, which are edged 
with green; throat rusty red: crissum washed with rufous; under 
wing-coverts white; bill blackish; feet dark brown: whole length 
4*7 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*7. Female like the male. 

Eab. Ecuador. 
A very distinct species from its black head and red throat, but 
clearly belonging to this group of Calliste, and not to Tanagrella. 

a. Ad. sk.; b. Jr. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Ecuador (Bourcier). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(One of the types of the species.) 
Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (LeJimann). Salvin-Godman Coll.



i. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Sarvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu,Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
108 
TANAGEXD-S. 

SECT. IV. Group of G. aurulenta. 

General plumage golden yellow; interscapulinm black, varied 
with, yellow. 


Key to the Species, 

A. Throat yellow or chestnut: 
fwhole under surface golden 17. aurulenta, p. 108. 
whole under surface chestnut 18. schteri, p. 108. 
abdomen chestnut, throat and mid belly 

golden 19. arthusi, p. 109. 
[abdomen yellow; throat chestnut 20. pulchra, p. 109. 

B. Throat silvery grey 
21. icterocephala, p. 110. 
17. Calliste axurulenta. 
Tanagra (Aglaia) aurulenta, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1843, p. 290, et 1854, 
p. 207. 
Calliste aurulenta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 285; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, 
p. 52 fpartini) ; id B. Z. S. 1855, p. 157, 1850, pp. 19, 250, 1859, 
p. 140, 1860, pp. 86, 87; id 3To?i. CaiUst. p. 30, pi. 14. f. 2; 
id Syn. Av. Tan. p. 70; id Cat. A. B. p. 05; Set. et Sab. 
Nomencl. p. 19; iid P. Z. S. 1879, p. 498 (Antioquia); Berl. et Tacz. 
B.Z.S. 1884, p. 288 (W. Ecuador). 
Ohrysothraupis 
aurulenta, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 142; id. Note s. I. 
Tang. p. 16. 

Above orange-yellow ; irtterscapulinm black, variegated with 
yellow; lores, auricular spot, wings, and tail black; wing-coverts 
and secondaries edged with yellow : below golden yellow ; a slight 
chin-spot black; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-
feathers white; bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 5 
inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female like the male. 

Bab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
/ . 2 ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
c/. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 

h. cS *d. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
i, j . Ad. sk. San Jose", Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
kfl, S ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Ecuador, 
Gould Coll. 
18. Calliste selaterL 
Calliste aurulenta, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 52. 
Calliste sclateri, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1854, p. 207; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, 


p. 157, 1856, pp. 19, 250; id. Mon. Callut. p. 31, pi. 14. £ 1; 
id Syn. Av. Tan. p. 77; id Cat. A. B. p. 65; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 19. 
10 . CALLISTE. 
109 

Similar to G. aurulenta, but body beneath of a deep uniform 
chestnut. 
Hab. Int. of Colombia (Bogota collections). 


a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Ooll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould OoU. 
e,/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
19. Calliste arthusi. 
Tanagra arthus, Less. 111. Zool. pi. 9. 

Calliste arthus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235, sp. 36. 

Calliste artkusi, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 53 j id. P. Z. S.1856 

pp. 19, 251; id. lion. Callist. p. 35, pi. 10 j id. Syn. Av. Tan. p 77 • 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 65 ; Scl. et 8ak. Nomencl. p. 19. ? 

Above orange-yellow; interscapulium black, varied with yellow; 
lores, auricular spot, wings, and tail black ; wing-coverts and 
secondaries edged with yellow: below dark chestnut; throat and 
middle of belly bright yellow; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white ; bill black; feet brownish: whole 
length 5-5 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-3. Female similar to the male. 

Hab. Venezuela, forests of the Andes. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela {Byson). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Purchased. 
/ . Ad. sk. Venezuela. Gould Coll. 
20. Calliste pulchra. 
Calospiza pulchra, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. 1, p. 285: id 
Faun. Per. p. 200, pi. 18. f. 2; Lafr. Pev. Zool 1854, p. 206. 

Calliste 
pulchra, Ep. Comp. i. p. 235, sp. 32; 8clater, P. Z. S. 1856, 
pp. 19, 251, et 1858, p. 74 j id. Mon. Callist p. 33, pi. 15; id. 8yn. 
Av. Tan. p. 77; id. Cat. A. E. p. 65; 8cl. et Salv. P. Z.8. 1873, 

p. 186 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 598 (Bolivia) ; iid. NomencLy, 19: Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 (Central Peru), 1882, p. 11 (N.E. Peru) ; 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 462. 
Calliste pulchra sequatorialis, Tacz. et Eerl P. Z. S.1885, p. 77. 

Above orange-yellow; rump golden yellow; interscapulium black 
variegated with yellow; lores, large auricular spot, wings, and tail 
black; wing-coverts and secondaries edged with yellow: below 
bright yellow; throat dark orange or chestnut; broad chin-spot 
and sides of bill black; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers white; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 
&5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*1. Female like the male. 

Hab. Eastern Ecuador (¥apo district), Peru, and Bolivia 

The extension of the black chin and dark orange or almost chestnut 
throat readily distinguish this species from its three foregoing 
allies. 

110 TANAG-BID-ffi. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Rio Napo, Ecuador. 
Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g. £ ad. sk.
X $ ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Machay, Ecuador (Stokmann). 
San Antonio, Peru (Whitely). 
Cuzeo, Peru (Whitely). 
Salvin-Goctoian Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
*. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

21. Calliste icterocephala, 
Calliste icterocephala, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 76; Sclater^ Contr. 
Om. 1851, p. 53, pi. 70. f. 1; id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 251, et 1860, 

p. 87; ^ . iY<m. Callist. p. 37, pi. 17 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 77; id. 
Cat.A.B.^. 65; Sahi?i, P. Z. S. 18G7, p. 138, et 1870, p.'186 
(Veragua); Lawr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 198; Frantz. J. f. O. 
1869; p. 298 (Costa Rica) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 54; Scl et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 19; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 498 (Antioquia) j 
Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 269. 
Callispiza (Cnrvsothraupis) frantzii, Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 87. 
Calliste frantzii, Salmi, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 169; Sclater, Ibis, 1863, 

p. 451,1868, p. 72; et 1876, p. 407. 
Above bright yellow; interscapulium strongly variegated with 
black; wings and tail black, edged with green; the wing-coverts 
edged with greenish yellow: below bright yellow as above, but 
with throat and neck, together with a slight collar on the upper 
surface, of a pale silvery greenish ; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers ashy white; bill blackish; feet dark 
brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female like the 
male, but not so bright in colours, and of a greenish yellow above. 
Hob. Costa Rica, Veragua, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

Although apparently belonging to this section, 0. icterocephala 
is at once recognizable by the peculiar silvery greenish colour of the 
throat and fore neck, which is also slightly apparent on the back of 
the neck. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Barranca,Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. <$ ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Jad.sk. Dota, Co&ta Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. S. Jose, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Cordillera de Tole, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
g, k S ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i. 5 ad. sk. 
j. J ad. sk. Santa F6, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. S ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcano Salvin-Godman Coll. 
of Chirimii (Arcf). 
I $ ad. sk. Chiriqui (McS). Sclater Coll. 

m. <$ ad. sk. Erontino, U. S. C. (Salmon), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. (S ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o,p. Ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. <$ ad. sk. Ecuador (Bourcier). Sclater Coll. (One of 
the types of C. icterocephala.) 
r. $ ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
10- CAXLISTE. 

Ill 

SECT. Y. Group of C.flava. 

General plumage dull green or pale yellow; cap rufous or yellow. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Cap rufous, distinct from nape and back. 
Body below pale greenish cinereous 22. vitriolina, p. 111. 
Body below ochraceous. 
Throat dark bluish 
23. cayana, p. 111. 

Throat uniform. 
Cap bright rufous 24. versicolor, p. 113. 
Cap dark chestnut 25. cucullata, p. 113. 

B. Cap and whole body above fulvous yellow .. 26. flava, p. 113. 
C. 
Cap and hind neck chestnut. 
Interscapulium chestnut 27. pretiosa, p. 114. 
Interscapulium black 28. melanonota, p. 115. 
22. Calliste vitriolina. 
Oallispiza vitriolina, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 28. 
Calliste ruficapilla, Sclater, Contr* Orn. 1851, p. 61; id. P. Z S 
1855, p. 158, et 1856, p. 19. 
Calliste vitriolina, Sdater, P.Z. S. 1856, p. 252,1860, p. 86 (Ecuador). 
id. Mon. Callist. p. 39, pi. 18 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 78; id. Cat 

A. B. p. 66; Bp. Bev. Zool 1851, p. 139; id. Note s. I Tang, p. 13 
Sd. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 498 (Antioquia) ; id. Nomend. p. 19 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 325 (Ocana); Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 298 
(Bucaramanga). 
Above greyish green; cap rufous ; wings and tail blackish, edged 
with green: below paler, cinereous tinged with green, middle of the 
belly whitish, crissum washed with fulvous; under wing-coverts 
white; bill and feet brown: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*9, 
tail 2-1. Female similar. 

Hal. 
Colombia and Ecuador. 

In this plainly coloured species the sexes seem to be similar. 
In all the other members of this group they are more or less 
different. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of C. ruficapilla.) 
b-d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. c?ad.sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Salmon), 

g. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Baisa, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. <$ $ ad. sk. Perucho, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
23. Calliste cayana. 
Tanagra cayana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 315; Gm. S. N i. p. 892. 
Eringilla autumnalis, Linn. S. Jv". i. p, 320 ? 
Calliste cayana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; id. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 140; 


id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 14; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 252; 
id. Mon. Callist. p. 41, pi 19; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 78; id. Cat A. 

112 
TAlS"AQ-RI2)iB, 

B p. 06; Sol. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 780 (Venezuela); iid. 
Nomencl p. 19; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 325 (Ocana); Pelzehi, Orn. 
Bras. p. 206 ; Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 209 (Brit. Guian.). # 

Oalospiza cayana, (M. m Schomb. Guian. iii- p. ^70; ed. iKws. .Hem. 

OaUwte chrysonota, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 50, pi. 51, et 1851, 

Caliiste cyanolahna, Bp. Pev. Zool. 1851, p. 140; id. Notes s. I Tang. 
p 14 

Caliiste cyanolaenia, Scl P. Z. S. 1856. pp. 19, 252; id Mon. Callist. 

p. 48 j id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 78; id. Cat. A. B. p. 66; ScL et Sah. 
Nomencl p. 19; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 463. 
Above shining ochraceous yellow; cap coppery rufous; sides of 
head black; wings and tail blackish, edged with bluish, green; 
below ochraceous yellow; throat and fore neck dark bluish, more or 
less bright; under wing-coverts white; bill "bluish black; feet brown: 
wholo length 4*8 inches, wing 2-8, tail 1*8. Female similar, but 
duller in colour, and throat but very slightly tinged with bluish. 

Rah. Cayenne, Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, and E. Peru. 

I have always been doubtful about th e propriety of keeping G. 
cijanolcema separate (cf. Mon. Call. p. 43). An examination of 
a larger series has convinced me that it may be safely united to 

0. cayana, from which it differs solely in rather greater dimensions. 
Some of Mr. Whitely's skins from Rorairna are quite as large as a 
skin from the Rio Negro, which is, I believe, one of the types of 
C. cyanolwrna. As a rule Peruvian specimens are rather larger in 
dimensions, and the blue on the throat is rather brighter. 
a. 
S ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of C. chrysonota, ScL) 
b. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
P. L. Sclater [P.X 
d. e. $ ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelshi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. 3 ad. sk. British Guiana. Schomburgk [C.]. 
g, h. $ ad.; i. $ jr.; Merume" Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. J ad. sk. (Whiteiy). 
h, I. 3 ad. sk. j m. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. (Wliitely). 
n, o. 3 J ad. sk. Rorairna, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(WliUehj). 

p. 
<$ ad. Rio Negro. Sclater Coll. (One of 
the types of C. cijanolcema,) 
q. 3 ad. sk. Rio Negro. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r, s. 3 $ ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t 3 ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
u. 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
v> w. S 2 ad*gk. Ocana, Magdalena valley Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Wyatt).
x>y-S2 ad. sk. Puerto Oabello, Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
h «'• (S ? ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Sclater Coll. 
br, c'. <$ ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10 . CALLISTE. 
113 
24. Calliste versicolor. 
Calliste versicolor, Lawr. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sc. i. p. 152 (1878) ; id. 
Proo. U. S. N. M. I. p. 190 (St. Vincent), p. 269 (Grenada) et 

p. 487. 
Above and below saining ochraceous yellow, with slight violaceous 
reflections below ; sides of head blackish: cap dark coppery chestnut 
; wings and tail blaeKish, edged with bluish green ; under wing-
coverts pale ochraceous; bill black, under mandible paler; feet 
dark brown: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 3, tail 2'2. Female. 
Above pale greenish mixed with cinereous; head as in male, but 
rather darker ; wings and tail black with greenish edgings : below 
buffy cinereous; middle of the belly and crissum rather more 
ochraceous; under wing-coverts white. 

Hob. St. Yincent and Grenada, W. I, 

At one time Mr. Salvin and I were inclined to believe that this 
species was the same as G. cacullata, Sw. (of. Ibis, 1879, p. 357), 
and that there might have been some error in the statement that 
Bwainson's species comes from Venezuela. 

a. <$ ad. sk. St. Vincent, W. I. {Oher). Sclater Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Grenada, W. I, (Oher). Sclater Coll. 
c. 9 ad. sk. Grenada, West Indies Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
(Oher). 
d}e. ($2 ad. sk. Venezuela (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

25. Calliste cncullata. 
Aglaia cucullata, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 7. 

Calliste cncullata, 
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 366; Bp. Camp. i. p. 234; 
id. JRev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 140 j id. Note s. I Tang. p. 14; 
Sclater, Cmitr.'Om. 1851, p. 63; id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19,253; id. 
Syn. Av. Tan. p. 79 ; id. IbiSj 1876, p. 410; Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl. 

p. 19. 
Above shining greenish ochraceous; wings and tail black, edged 
with bluish green; cap very dark chestnut or cinnamon-colour; 
ear-coverts black: below ochraceous, washed with bluish, crissnm 
rufous; under wing-coverts white; bill dark horn-colour, paler 
below ; feet blackish : whole length 5-3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2. 
Eab. Interior of Venezuela. 
The present species is closely allied to G. versicolor, but apparently 
recognizable by the extremely dark colour of the cap, which is also 
smaller and more restricted to the top of the head. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
26. Calliste flava. 
Yellow Tanager, Lath. Syn. ii. p. 244. 

Tanagra flava, Gm. S. N. i. p. 896^; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 467. 

Lindo bello, Azara} Apunt, 387, 

VOL. Hi. 
* 

TAFAGRID-ffi. 

114 

Panagra formosa, Vieill Nmv. Diet. xrriL p. 407; id. Fne. Meth. 

P- 773. .. Atw 
Tanagra chloroptera, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xsxn. p. 4U/. 
Aglaia flava, £20. -2"ooZ. I E n. s. pi. 31. 


Calliste flava, J?p. Cfaws^. i p. 234; id. Bev.ZooI.l8ol, p. 140; id. 
Note s. I Tang. p. 14; Sclater, Contr. Orn. ISf.f.bl; id. 

P. Z. S. 1856,pp. 19, 253; id. Man. Callist. p. 4*, pi. 21. tig. Id1, 
2 P ; *tt Sun. Av. Tan. p. 79; id. Cat. A. B. p. Go; Pehxln, Dm. 
I5 ^ 3fcbl

Bras. p. 207; && «* S5&. Aiwwac*. p. 19; ^fto*> 

p. 332 (Pernambuco) ; Parm. %?£. Ueb. in. p. lbl. 
CaHispiza flava, Cab. Mus. Kern. i. p. 27. 
Above clear fulvous yellow; wings and tail black, edged with 
bluish; lores, sides of the head, chin, throat, breast, and middle of 
the belly black; rest of plumage below fulvous^yellow like the 
back, but rather darker ; under wing-coverts blackish; bill and feet 
blackish: whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2'2. Female. 
Greenish fulvous; wings and tail black, edged with greenish; below 
paler, middle of throat and belly whitish; sides of throat and breast 
slightly varied with dark markings; flanks and crifesum ochraceous. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil, from Pernambneo to Bio Grande do Sal. 

a,b. <S2 ad. sk. Pernambneo, Brazil ( W. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Forbes). 
e7d. <$% ad. sk.; Pernambneo, Brazil (IF. A. Hclater Cull. 

e, f. $ jr. sk. Forbes), 
a, h. <$ ad. sk Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvxn-Ciodraan Coll. 
I cfad.sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de fctolvin-Gudaian Coll. 

Janeiro (Youds). 

j. (S ad. sk. Eio Claro, Govaz, Brazil. Salvra-Godman Coll. 
\ 6 ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natierer). Salvin-< mclmaii Coll. 
I Pad.sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil {Joi/ner). »S»lvin-(^idm.in Coll. 
m. 
& ad. sk. Pelotas, Eio Grande lo Sol, Saivin-Godxnan Coll. 
Brazil(Jot/ner). 
n. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o,p. cj $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
27. Calliste pretiosa. 
Lindo precioso, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 881. 

Aglaia cayarta, Zafr. et d1 Orb. St/n. Av. L p. 32. 

Tanagra cayana, d'Orb. Yoi/. p. 272. 

Calliste cayana, Marti 
Ind. Asm: p. 6. 

Tanagra gyrola, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 471; Dubois, Orn. Gall p. 131, 

pi. 87(d). 

CaHispiza preciosa, Cab. Mm. Hem. i. p. 27. 

Calliste castanonota, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851> p. 63; id. P. Z. S. 

1856, p. 19. 
Calliste pretiosa. Bp. Eeo. Zool. 1861, p. 130; id. Note s. I Tang. 

p. 14; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 254; id. Mm. CaLlid. p. 50, 
pi. 22; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 80; id. Cat. A. JB.-p.06; Scl et ISalv. 
Nomencl n. 19; Peh. Orn. Bras. j>. 207. 
Calliste preciosa, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 182. 
Tanagra ochronota, Natt. MS. {teste PeheM). 


Above, whole head, neck, and middle of back dark coppery chest


10 . CALLISTE, 115 
nut; wing-coverts and lower back bright oehraeeous ; wings and tail 
Mack, edged with bluish: below greenish bine, middle of belly 
brighter and more bluish ; lower flanks, thighs, and crissum chestnut; 
bill black; feet brownish black: whole length 6*3 inches, 
wing 3-3, tail 2*3. Female, Above dark green: wings and tail 
blackish, edged with green; head and upper back suffused with 
coppery ehebtnut: below paler and less pure, middle of belly 
whitish ; crissum tinged with rufous. 

Hah. Soathern Brazil and Paraguay. 
A larger species than C.flava, and easily known by its deep 
chestnut head and back. 

a} I. <$ ? ad. sk. Bio Grande do Sul (Plant). Sclater Coll. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (flatterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. S. Brazil. P. L. Sclater [P.], 
28. Calliste melanonota. 
Taaagia peruviana, Desm. Tan. pi. 11 ( $ ) ; Vieill. Enc. MStk p. 778. 
Tanagra gyrula, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 471 (partim) $ Dubois. Orn. Gall. 

p.lSl,pL87(?). 
Aglaia nielanota, Sw. Orn. Dr. pis. 31 (<5), 43 ($). 
Callihte peruviana, Bp. Comp. i. p. 2o4; id. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 140; 

id. Nvte s. I. Tang. p. 14 j Sclater, Contn Orn. 1851, p, 04; id. 
2>#.&18o0,p. ID. 
Calliste melanonota, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 254; id. Mon. Calli&t. 

p. 51, pi 23. %s. U,2$; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 80 ; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 67 ; Beheln} Orn. Bras. p. 207 ; Sal. et Salv. Nomenel, p. 19. 
Above, head and neck dark coppery chestnut; interscapulium deep 
black; wing-coverts and lower back clear ochraceous; wings ana-
tail -black, narrowly edged with bluish: below nearly uniform 
greenish blue; lower flanks and crissum chestnut; under wing-
coverts white; bill and feet brownish black: whole length 5*8 inches, 
wing 3, tail 2*2. Female. Above dark green, darker on the interscapulium, 
lighter on the rump; head and neck tinged with coppery 
chestnut; wings and tail blackish, edged with green: below paler; 
middle of belly whitish ; crissum pale rufous. 

Hah. Southern Brazil (Sao Paulo, Goyaz, and Panama). 

This species is at once recognizable by the well-denned black back 
of the male. In O. pretiosa, its near ally, the interscapulium is of 
the same chestnut as the head. 

afh <$% ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclafcer Coll. 
e. 2 ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ jr. sk.; e. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9 ad. sk. (Joymr)* 
f. <$ ad. sk. Santa Catarina, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll* 
g. 2 ad. sk.
(Rodgers). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (JoyTier). 
hf i $ ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 

116 
TAKAGRIP^!. 

SECT. YI. Group of G. gyrola. 

General colour bright green; cap bright rufous. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Middle of belly bright blue. 
a. Bunip green like the back. 
j Wing-coverts green 29. gyrola, p. 116. 
| Wing-coverts chestnut SO. lavinia, p. 116. 
b. Rump bright blue. 
j Wing-coverts green 31. ggroloides, p. 117. 
) Wing-coverts chestnut 32. albertinm, p. 118. 
B. Middle of belly green 
33. desmaresti, p. 118. 
29. Calliste gyrola. 
Tanagra gyrola, Linn. S. N. i. p. 315. 
Tangara du Pe*rou, Dauh. PI. BJnl. 133. &g. 2. 
Tangara rouverdin, JDesm. Tang. p. 6. 
Aglaia chrysoptera, Sic. An. in Menag. p. 356. 
Calliste gyrola, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 67; 


id. P. Z.S. 1856, pp. 19, 255; id. Mon. Callist. p. 55, pi. 25 j id. 
Syn. Av. Tan. p. 81; id. Cat. A. B. p. 07; Scl. et Sail). Nomencl, 

p. 19,* Salv. Bis, 1885, p. 209 (Brit. Guiana). 
Callispiza gyrola, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 28. 
Gyrola chrysoptera, Bp. Pev. Zool. 1851, p. 139; id. Mote s. I. Tang, 
p. 13. 
Shining grass-green; head chestnut; slight line round the nape 

and bend of wing golden; middle of belly bright blue; thighs 

rufous; bill and feet dark brown: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 

2*7, tail 1*8. Female similar, but colours duller. 

Hob. Cayenne and British Guiana. 

a. Ad. sk.; b} c. Jr. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. $ 
$ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guiana (Whitely). 

f. 
Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Sclater Coll. 
Guiana (Whitely). 
g. S 
ad. sk. Gamacusa,Brit.Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
h. d ad. sk. Merume* Mts., Brit. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guiana (Whitely). 
ijj. $ ad. sk.; k. $ Koraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. ( Whitely). 
I, m. Ad. sk. British Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


30. Calliste lavinia. 
Calliste lavinia, Cassin, Pr. Ac. So. Phil. 1858, p. 178, et 1860, p. 142, 
t. 1. fig. 1; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 315 (Nicaragua); Scl. Ibis, 1863, 
p. 451, et 1876, p. 409 ; Scl. et Salv. Momend. p. 19; Sak. et Qodm. 
Biol. Centr.-Am.j Aves, i. p. 271. 
Shining grass-green; head and edgings of wing-coverte and 

10 . CALLISTE. 
117 

primaries dark chestnut; back of neck glossed with golden yellow; 
middle of belly bright blue• thighs rufous ; bill horn-colour; feet 
brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 1-9. Female similar, 
but colours less bright. 

Hab. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Darien. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Sclater Coll 
c. Ad. sk.d. 
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. skff9 h. Ad. sk.; 
Nicaragua (Jansen). 
Costa Eica (Van Patten). 
Teragua (Arce). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Jr. sk. 
31. Calliste gyroloides. 

Aglaia gyrola, Lafr. et d'Orh. Syn. Av. I p. 32. 
Tanagra gyrola, d'Orh. Voy. p. 272. 
Aglaia peruviana, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 356 (1838). 
Calli»piza gyrola, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 202. 
Aglaia gyroloides, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1847, p. 277. 
Calli*te-gvroIoidt*s; JSp. Consp. i. p. 234; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, 


p. 67; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115, 1855, p. 158, 185C>, pp. 19, 255, 
1857, p. 204, 1K3H, pp. 74, 453, 1859, p. 139, et 18G0, pp. 87, 292; 
id. Man. Callist. p. 57, pi. 26 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 81 • id. Cat. A. 
B. p. 07 ; Later. Ann. L. K T. vii.'p. 332 (Panama) ; Frantz. J. f. 
0.180% p. 298 (Costa Eica) ; Cass. Rep. U.S. Astr. Exp. ii. p. 182, 
pi. Hi f. 1 ; Salr. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 138, et 1870, p. 186 (Teragua) ; 
Scl et Salr. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 350 (Panama), 1867, p. 749, 1873. 
pp. 1&3,261 (E. Peru), et 1879, pp. 499 (Antioquia), 599 (Bolivia) : 
tid, Kmneml p. 19 ; lacs. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514, et 1882, p. 11; id. 
Orn. IW. ii. p 403 (Peru) ; Wi/att, Ik's, 1871, p. 325 j Pelzeln, Orn. 
Bras. p. 207 Qlarabitdnaa); Bert J.f.O. 1883, p. 289 (Buearamanga); 
Sah. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 270; Tacz. et 
Bert P. Z. S. 1885, p. 78 (Ecuador). 
Calliste cyanoventris, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 366 (1844). 
Gyrola eyanoventris, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 139; id. Note s. I. Tang. 
*p. 13. 

Shining grass-green ; head bright rufous; rump and body below 
bright blue, passing into green, on the flanks and crissum; thighs 
rufous; bill and feet brown: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 3*1, 
tail 2*2. Female similar, but not so bright. 

Hab. Costa Eica, and southwards over Colombia, Ecuador, and 
Pern to Bolivia ; also Amazonia as far down as Rio Negro. 

1 should have supposed that Rio-Negro specimens would have 
belonged to C. gyrola, but Herr v. Pekeln (Ibis, 1877, p. 338) 
refers them to this species. In some specimens (especially those 
from Eastern Peru and Ecuador) the nape and bend of the wing are 
strongly washed with golden yellow. 

a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Guiatil, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, d. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). Sabin-Godman Coll. 
«,/. <$ 2 ad. sk. Santa F6, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 
<$ ad. sk.; L Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 jr. sk. 
118 
TAKAGRID^;. 

i. Ad. sir. Veragua (Aree). Sclater Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
h. J ad. sir. Lion Hill, Ibthmus of Panarnj Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeannun). 
I (5ad.sk. Istlim. of Panama (JMcLeminan) Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. Ad. sk.; n. Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
o, p, Ad. sk. Colombia. Gould CoH. 


q. Ad. sk. Bogota, 
Purchased. 
r. Jr. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater CoH. 
s. 
$ ad. sk. Keniedios, Antioquia, U. S. C Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmoii). 
t. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioqnia (Salmon) Sclater Coll. 
u. Ad. sk. San Jose, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. Jr. sk. Rio Napo. Gould CoH. 
.r. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. Jr. sk. Ega, Amazons, Purchased. 
a. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a'. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Fajris). Sclater Coll, 
32. Calliste albertinse. 
Calliste albertinse, Pelz. Ibis, 1877, p. 337. 
Calliste gyroloides (part.), Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 207 (1871). 


Head, cheeks, and chin rufous chestnut, upper surface generally 
green; neck yellowish green, but without a distinct collar; shoulders 
bright reddish chestnut; rump and under surface blue; under tail-
coverts green; thighs pale reddish: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*8, 
tail 1-10. 

Rah. Madeira river, near Salto de Girao (batterer). 

I transcribe Herr v. Pelzeln's description of this species, of which 
the only known specimen is in the Imperial Cabinet at Yienna. It 
resembles C. lavinia in its chestnut shoulders, but has a blue rump 
like C. gyroloides. 

33. Calliste desmaresti. 
Tangara rouverdin, femelle, Desm. Tan. pi. 7 (?). 
Tanagra gyrola, Sta. Zool. Ill n. s. pi. 28. 
Calliste desmaresti, Gray, G. B. ii. p. 866 (1844); Sclater, Contr. 


Orn. 1851, p. 67 ; id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 25Q; id. Mm. Callist. 

p. 59, ipl 27 ; id. St/n. Av. Tan. p. 82 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 68; Taylor, 
Ibis, 1864, p. 82; Scl et Salv. PZ.S. 1868, p. 627 (Venezuela); 
itd. Nomencl p. 19; Cass. Pep. U.S. Astr. Exp. ii. p. 182, pi 19 
fig. 2; Finsch, P.Z.S. 1870, p. 579 (Trinidad); Salv. et Godm. 
Ibis, 1880, p. 120 (Sierra Nevada of S. Marta). 
Aglaia viridissima, Lafr. Pev. Zool 1847, p. 277. 
Gyrola viridissima, Bp. Pev. Zool 1851, p. 139; id. Note s. I Tang. 


p. 13. 
Calliste viridissima, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234. 
Bright grass-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with green ; 

10 . CALLISTE. 119 
head chestnut; bill and feet brown: whole length 5*3 inches 
wing 3-3, tail 2*1. ' 
Ilab. Venezuela, Trinidad, and northern littoral of Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.;
g. Jr. sk. 
Venezuela (Dyson). 
Venezuela (Spence). 
Trinidad. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.; Trinidad. " Purchased. 
i. Jr. sk. 
j . d ad.sk. Mmca,SantaMarta,U.S.C.(&morcs). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

SECT. VII. Group of G. brasiliensis. 

Black and blue ; interscapulium black; bend of wing blue. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Belly white 34. brasiliensis, p. 119. 
h. Belly pale yellow. 
Bend of wing thalassine blue 35.flaviventris, p. 120. 
Bend of wing blue like the throat 36. boliviana, p. 121. 
34. Calliste brasiliensis. 
Tanagra brasiliensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 316; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 477. 
Calliste brasiliensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, 

p. 68; id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19,256 • id. Mori. Callist. p. 61, pi. 28; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 82; id. Cat. A. B. p. 68; Burm. Syst. TJeb. 
iii. p. 180; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 207 • Set. et Sah. Nomencl p. 19. 
Callospiza brasiliensis, Bp. Bev. Zool 1851, p. 468 • id. Note s. I Tang. 
p. 19 • Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 27. 
Tangara barbadensis cserulea, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 8 (?). 
Tangara bleu de Cayenne, Buf, PI. Mil. 155. fig. 1; id. Hist. Nat. 
iv. p. 282 (?). 
Tanagra barbadensis, Kxihl, Ind. PI Bnl p. 3; Temm. Tdbh MStk 
p. 41. 
Calliste albiventris, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 366; Scl. Cat A. B, p. 68; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. x>. 19. 
Callospiza barbadensis, £p. Compt. Rend, xxxii. p. 80. 

Above black; fore part of cap (except narrow front), sides of 
neck, wing-coverts, narrow margins of primaries, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts bright blue : below bright blue, neck and flanks varied 
with black; middle of abdomen, crissum, and under wing-coverts 
white; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 
3*4, tail 2*3. Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

In some former articles upon this genus, I have recognized 
Calliste albiventris of Cayenne as distinct, having been induced to 
do so from the fact of having a skin, apparently of " Cayenne" 
make, which is smaller in dimensions than the typical C. brasiliensis; 

120 TANAGRID-E. 
but there is no recent authority for the occurrence of this form in 


Cayenne. 
a. Ad. st.
b-d. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Baliia, Br&zil (Wucherer). 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll.
e,f. Ad. sk; g. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
Jr. &k. 
h, i. Ad. sk.
./. Ad.sk. 
Brazil. 
Cayenne (:j). 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. (C.albiventris, 
Sclater, olim.) 
35. Calliste flaviventris. 

Tanagra mexicana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 315. 
Tanagra flaviventris, Yieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 410; id. Ene. Meth. 


p. 774. 
Calliste mexicana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235. 
Callospiza mexicana, Cab. in Schomb. Girian. iii. p. 670. 
Calliste flaviventris, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 69; id. P. Z. S. 1S56, 
pp. 19,257 • id. Mon. Cailist. p. 03, pi. 29 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 83; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 68: Scl ef Sah. P. Z. S. lbG7, p. 571 (Lower 
Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 19; Bayard, Ibis, lb73, p. 379 (Para); 
Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 210 (Brit. Guiana); Pelzela, Orn. Bras. p. 207 
(partim). 

CalkVpiza flaviventris, Cab. Mas. Hein. i. p. 27. 
Callospiza cayanensih, Bp. lieu. Zool. 1651, p. 169; id. Note s. I. 
Tang. p. 20." 
Callospiza mexicana, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 80; id. Bev. Zool. 
1851, p. 1G9; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 20. 
Calliste vieilloti, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1856, p. 257; id. Mon. Cailist. 

p. 65; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. SS ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 69 ; Taylor, Ibis, 
1864, p. 82 (Trinidad); Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. p. 19 ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 579 (Trinidad), 
Above black; fore part of cap (except narrow front), sides of head, 
margins of larger wing-coverts, and rump bright blue; smaller upper 
wing-coverts bright turquoise-blue, narrow outer margins of primaries 
bright greenish blue: below blue, varied on the throat and 
flanks with black; middle of abdomen and crissum pale sulphur-
yellow ; under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown: 
whole length 5*4 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*8. Female like the 
male. 

Eab. Lower Amazonia, Cayenne, Guiana, Venezuela, and Trinidad. 


In former writings I have kept a form of this species distinct as 

O. vieilloti; but the difference (consisting merely in the stronger 
tinge of the yellow belly) is so slight that I have now united the 
two forms as subspecies. 
a. Subsp. tyjpica. 
a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
b, o. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. British Guiana (Spence). Sclater Coll. 
Ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Wal- Sclater Coll. 
lace). 

10 . CALLISTE. 121 
b. Subsp. vieilhti. 
a,b. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{WJritehj). 
c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.; / . Jr. 
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Trinidad. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of C. vieilhti.) 
sk. Trinidad. Purchabed. 
Trinidad. P. L. Sclater [P.]. 
Trinidad. Purchased. 
36. Calliste boliviano 

Aglaia rnexicana, Lafr. et cVOrl. Syn. At. i. p. 32. 
Tanagra flaviventris, d'Orb. Voy., Ois.-p. 270. 
Callospiza boliviana, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxii. p. 80; id. Rev. Zool. 


1851, p. 1G9; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 20. 

Calliste boliviano Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 69; id. P. Z. S.1830, 
pp. 19, 258, et 1857, p. 264; id. Mon. Callist. p. 07, pi. 30; id. 
Syn. Au. Tern. p. 84; id. Cat. A. B. p. 69; Sd. et Sab. P. Z. S. 
1660, p. 180 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 571 (Lower Amazons), 1867, p. 977 
(Pebas), 1873, p. 261 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 599 (Bolivia) ; iid. No-
mend. p. 19; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p, 464. 

Calliste flaviventris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 207 (partim). 

Above black, fore part of cap (except narrow front), sides of head, 
margins of wing-coverts, and rump brighjfc blue ; narrow margins of 
primaries greenish blue: below blue, thrfeat and flanks varied with 
black; middle of abdomen and crissum pale sulphur-yellow; under 
wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 
5'2 inches, wing 2*8, tail 1*9. Female similar. 

Hab. Colombia, Eastern Ecuador, Amazonia, and Bolivia. 
Exactly like O. flaviventris, but without the turquoise-blue on the 
bend of the wing, and of a deeper yellow below. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk, Bogota. Purchased. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Pebas, Eastern Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Ucayali (Eauxwell). Gould Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
L Ad. sk. Ega, Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Capim r.; L. Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
SECT. VIII. Group of O. inornate. 

General colour cinereous; bend of wing bright blue. 
Of this group only one species is at present known. It is probably 
a development of the immature form of the ancestor of the group of 

0. brasiliensis. 
37. Calliste inornata. 
Calliste inornata, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 158; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, 
p. 258; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 84 ; id. Mon. Callist p. 103, pi. 45 j 
122 
TANA.6ffiID.ffi. 

Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N, T. vii. p. 298 (Panama) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. 
Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 142 (Turbo) ; Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 350 
(Panama), 1879, p. 499 (Antioquia) j iid. JSfomencl. p. 19j Salv. et 
Godm. Biol Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 273 ; JBerl J.f. 0.1884, p. 291 
(Bucaramanga). 

Above dusky cinereous; wings and tail blackish, small upper 
coverts of the wing bright shining blue: below paler, middle of 
belly and crissum almost white; under wing-coverts white; bill 
blackish : feet dark plumbeous: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*6, 
tail 2. Female similar. 

Hcib. Veragua, Panama, and Colombia. 

This is quite a peculiar species as regards its colours. The bright 
spot on the upper wing-coverts induces me to place it near the group 
of G. brasiliensis. 

a. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Panama (Markham). Salvin-Godman OolL 
d. <$ J ad. sk. Lion HilljPsLiiSim^McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c> 

e. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad, sk. 
(Hughes). 
Panama (MeLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
9h. 
i. 
h 
k. 
1. 
m 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Jr. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
. Ad. sk. 
Panama.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Bemedios, Antioquia (Salmon).
Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon).
Antioquia (Salmon). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

SECT. IX. Group of 0. nigriviridis. 

jNTeck- and breast-feathers black edged with green or blue, forming 
squamulations ; rump shining green or blue. 

Key to tlie Species, 

A. 
Cap-feathers black, broadly edged with blue. 
Interscapulium black 38. nigriviridis, p. 122. 
Interscapulium green 39. cabanisi, p. 123. 
B. Cap black; nuchal spot rufous 40. dowi, p. 124. 
38. Calliste nigriviridis. 
Tanagra nigroviridis, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1843, p. 69; id. Mag. de Zool. 
1843, pi. 43. 
Calliste nigro-viridis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 18*51, 

p. 56; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 158, et 1856, pp. 19, 260; id. Won. 
Callisi p. 77; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 86; id. Cat. A. B. p. 69; Scl et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 237 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 499 (Antioquia); 
iid. Mmencl p. 19; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 (Centr. Peru), 1879, 
p. m (N. Peru), et 1880, p. 194 (N. Peru) ; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1884, p. 289 (W. Ecuador). 
10 . CALLISTE. 
123 
Callispiza nigroviridis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i, p. 27. 
Ohalcothraupis nigro-viridis, Bjp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 145: id. Note s. 
I Tang. p. 19. 
Calliste* eyanescens, Sclater, P. Z. S. 18/56, p. 260; id. Mon. Callist. 

p. 79, pi. 35 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 80; id. Cat. A. B. p. 70. 
Calliste nigriviridis berlepschi, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 469. 
Above, front, sides of the head, and interscapulium black; cap-
feathers black, broadly edged with shining greenish blue; rump 
greenish bine; wings and tail black margined with blue ; bend of 
wing bright blue : below black, all the feathers broadly terminated 
with greenish blue ; middle of belly and under wing-coverts whitish ; 
bill black, pale at the base: feet dark brown: whole length 4-8 inches, 
wing 2*8, tail 2. Female similar. 

Hcib. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, 

I formerly separated the larger and more bluish Venezuelan form 
specifically as C. eyanescens, but a fuller series of specimens has 
convinced me that I was wrong in doing so; nor can I keep distinct 
IE. Taezanowski's C. nigriviridis berlepschi of Peru, in which 
the terminal spots of the feathers have a rather more greenish 
tinge. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Gould Coll. 
h. Ad.sk. St. Helena, Antioquia (/Siafowora). Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
$ ad. sk. Envigado, U. S. of Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Salmon), 
k. 
Ad. sk. Envigado, U. S. of Colombia Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon). 
I. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lelimann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
77i,n. Ad.sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Jameson), Sclater Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Gould Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. (Type of 
C. eyanescens.) 
r, s. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. $ 
ad. sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
u. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Aragua, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.]. 
Gould Coll. 

w. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
39. Calliste cabanisi. 
Calliste (sive Callispiza) sclateri, Cab. J. f. O. 1866, p. 163. 
Calliste cabanisi, Scl Ibis, 1868, p. 71, t.iii., et 1876, p. 407; Solet 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 12 j Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I. 

p. 271. 
Above greenish blue ; wings and tail black margined with blue; 
interscapulium green; cap black margined with blue: beneath pale 

124 
TANAGEIDJE. 

greenish blue, middle of belly whitish; breast-feathers spotted with 

black; bill black, at base plumbeous• feet black: whole length 

5*7 inches, wing 8"4, tail 2*3. 

IIah. Costa Cucu district of Guatemala. 

The characters are taken from the unique specimen in the Museum 

of Berlin which I examined in 1868. 

40. Calliste dowi. 
Calliste dowi, Salv. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 168, et 1870, p. 187 ; Scl. Ibis, 
1803, p. 451, t. xii., et 1876, p. 407; Lawr. Ann. L. K. T. ix. p. US ; 
Fronts, J.f. 0. 1869, p. 208 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 19 j Salv. et 
Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 272. 

Above black ; slight nuchal spot rufous• feathers of back of neck 

and sides of head terminated with pale silvery green ; rump greenish 

blue ; wings and tail black with slight blue edgings ; bend of wing 

bright blue : below, throat black ; breast-feathers black with pale 

silvery-green edgings* whole abdomen rich rufous* under wing-

coverts pale rufous : whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2. 

Female similar. 

Bab. Costa Bica and Yeragua. 

A species very easily known by its rich rufous abdomen, apparently 

coming nearest to G. nigriviridis. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Irazu dist., Costa Itica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Rogers). 

c. Ad. sk. Bancho Bedondo, Costa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Bica (Dow). 
d. Ad. sk. Navarro, Co&taItica (Cooper). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Quebrada Honda, Costa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Bica (Zeledon). 
fi9> 6 
$ ad. sk. Cordillera del Chucu, Vera- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gua (Aree). 

h. Ad. sk. Veragua (Aree). Sclater Coll. 
SECT. X. Group of G. larvata. 

Interseapulium and chest black; rump shining blue or green. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Middle of abdomen white. 
Nape coppery yellow 41. larvata, p. 124. 
Nape liliac-blue 42. nigricineia, p. 120. 
B. Middle of abdomen black or slightly glossed 
with purple. 
Bump green 43. cyaneicollis^. 127. 
Bump blue 44. cyanopygia, p. 128. 

41. Calliste larvata. 
Calliste larvata, JDu Bus, Esq. Orn. pi. 9; Bp. Consp.i.y. 236; Sclater, 
Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 64 • id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 260 • id, Mon. 

10 . CAXLISTE. 
125 
Callist. p. 81, pi. 36; id. Si/n. Av. Tan. p. 86; id. Cat. A. B. p. 70: 
Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. i(5, i860, p. 33 j iid. JP. Z. S. 1870, p. 830, 
et 1879, p. 499 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl p. 19; Salv. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 467, et 1872, p. 316; Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am.. Aws, i. 
p. 274. 
Tatao larvatus, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 142: id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 16*. 
Aglaia fanny, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 72.' 
Oalliste fanny, Bp. Comp. i. p. 236; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 56. fig. 1. 
Calliste francisae, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 142, 261; id. Mon. Callist. 
p. 83 j id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 87; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. 
pp. 298, 332, viii. pp. 175,179, ix. p. 98; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1804, 
p. 350; Salv. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 169, 1867, p. 138, 1870 p. 187: 
v. Front*. J.f. 0.1869, p. 298. 
Above, front, lores, line round the eye, upper back, and scapularics 
black : nape and sides of neck brilliant pale golden-copper colour'; 
sides of face bluish ; whole lower back bright blue ; wings and tail 
black ; remiges and rectrices narrowly margined with greenish blue; 
wing-coverts margined with bright blue; bend of wing purplish 
blue : below black; throat bright golden-copper colour; middle of 
abdomen white, sides glossed with purple or blue; under wing-
coverts white ; bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 5 inches, 
wing 2-9, tail 1*9. Female similar, but rather less brilliant. 

Hab. S. Mexico and Central America, southwards to Panama and 
Northern Colombia. 

The South-Mexican and Guatemalan form of this species (Calliste 
larvata typica) was long kept distinct from the more southern form 
{Calliste larvata francescce) ; but I agree with Messrs. Salvin and 
Godman (Biol. Centr.-Am. I. s. c.) that the differences are not sufficient 
for specific distinction: they consist mainly in the darker 
shade of the nape and throat in the northern form. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. Ad. sk. Honduras. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Belize, British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Blancaneaux). 
e. d 
ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8$ Godman). 
d. <$ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
/. 
$ ad. sk. Sources of River de la Pa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sion, Vera Paz (Salvin ty 

g. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. (S ad. sk. Yzabal, Guatemala (Salmi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
z9 /. Jr. sk. Ohisec, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wliitely). 

b. Subsp. francescce. 
a. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, e. Ad. sk, Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Cooper). 
126 
TAJSAGBIDM. 

e. <J jr. sk. Angostura; CostaRica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
f. $ 
ad. sk. Cordillera de Tol6, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
g. Q ad. sir. Calovevora, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k 
<$ ad. sk. Mina Ckorcka, Ckiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 

i. S ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j,h <$ ad.,jr.sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Ad. sk.; m. Jr. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk.; n. $ sk. 
o. Jr. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama (Hughes), 
p. Ad. sk Antioquia (Salmon), Sclater Coll. 
q, <$ ad. sk. Reinedios, Antioquia, U. S. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
C. (Salmon). 
42. CaHiste nigricincta. 
Aglaia nigro-cincta, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 121. 

Calliste nigro-cincta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235 ; Scl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 68. 

Chalcotbraupis nigro-cincta, Bp. liev. Zool. 1851, p. 145; id. Note s. I 

Tang. p. 19. 

Calliste thalassina, Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844, siii. p. 419; Scl. 

Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 57; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115, 1855, p. 158. 

Aglaia wilsoni, Lafr. Bev. Zool. Ib47, p. 73. 

Calliste wilsoni, Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 236, sp. 37 ; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. 

pi. m. fig. 2. 

Clirysothraupis thalassina, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1851, p. 143; id. Note s. I. 

Tang. p. 17. 
Calliste larvata, Cass. Bep. U.S. Asir. Bxp. p. 182, pi. 18. fig. 2. 
Calliste nigricincta, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 261; id. Mm. Callist 

p. 85, pL 37; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 87 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 70; Scl. et 
Sah. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 599 (Bolivia) ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 19; Pelzeln, Orn. B?*as. p. 208 (Marabitanas); Tacz. 
P.Z.S. 1882, p. 2 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 471; 'Salvin, 
Ibis, 1885, p. 210 (Brit. Guian.). 
Above, head and neck lilac-blue ; sides of face greenish ; interscapulium 
black; whole lower back bright blue; wings and tail 
black; remiges and rectrices narrowly edged with green; larger 
wing-coverts green, smaller bright blue like the back: below, 
throat lilac-blue with slight greenish gloss; breast black; middle 
of abdomen white, sides bright blue; under wing-coverts black; 
bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*7, 
tail 1-9. Female similar, but rather less brilliant. 

Hal. Bolivia, Peru, Eastern Ecuador, Colombia, Upper Amazonia, 
Bio Negro, and Eoraima mountains of British Guiana. 

A widely diffused species, very easily recognizable by its lilac 
head and throat and white belly, and not apparently showing much 
variation according to locality. 

a. Jr, sk. Maipari, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.; c. Jr. Ucayali, Peru (Hauxwell). Gould Coll. 
10 . OA.LLISTE. 
127 

d. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvm-Godman Ooll. 
e,f. 
Ad. sk,; g. Sarayacu,Ecuador (Buckley). Salvm-Godman Ooll. 
Jr. sk. 

h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu,Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk.; /, Jr. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
k. Ad. sk.; I. Jr. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
sk. 
m-o. <S ad. sk.; Roraima, British Guiana Salvm-Godman Coll. 

p. § ad. sk.; (Whitely). 
q. $ jr. sk. 
r, s. $ ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

43. Calliste cyaneicollis. 
Aglaia cyanicollis, Lafr. et tfOrl. 8yn. Av. i. p. 33. 
Tanagra cyanicollis, d?Orh. Voy. Ois. p. 271, pi. 25.fig. 1. 
Callospiza cyanicollis, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 202. 
Aglaia eseruleocephala, 8io. An. in Menag. p. 356. 
Calliste eseruleocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235, sp. 19; Taca. et BerL 


P. Z. S. 1885, p. 79 (Ecuador). 
Calliste cyanicollis, 8el. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 115; id. P. Z. S. 1854, 
p. 115,1865, p. 158; Cass. Rep. U.S. Astr. Fxp. ii. p. 181, pi. 18. 
fig. 1. 
Calliste cyaneicollis, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 262; id. Mon. Callist. 

p. 87, pi. 38 j id. 8yn. Av. Tan. p. 88; id. Cat. A.P.p. 70; Sol. 
et 8ah. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252 (Venezuela) et p. 597 (S. Peru), 
1870, p. 780 (Merida), 1875, p. 237 (Tachira), 1879, p. 499 
(Antioguia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 19 ; Wyatt, Bis, 1882, p. 12 
(Colombia) ; Toes. P. Z. S.1874, p. 515 (Centr. Per.), 1882, p. 12 
(N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 472. 
Calliste hannahise, Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1864, p. 287, pi. i.fig.2 ; 
Scl. et 8alv. P. Z. S.1869, p. 252; Berl J.f. 0.1884, p. 290. 
Calliste eseruleocephala, subsp. granadensis, Berl J. f. 0. 1884, 

p. 290. 
Above, head and neck shining blue; lores black; interscapulium, 
wings, and tail black; rump and edgings of wing- and tail-feathers 
shining green; wing-coverts glossed more or less with coppery : 
below black, glossed more or less with purple on the flanks; whole 
neck blue like the head above, with more or less purplish tinge on 
the middle of the throat; crissum slightly tinged with greenish; under 
wing-coverts black ; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 4*7 
inches, wing 2-5, tail 1*9. Female similar. 

Eab. Bolivia, Peru, Eastern Ecuador, Colombia, and "Venezuela. 

The description is that of the typical form from Bolivia. It is 
generally possible to distinguish three other local forms, which I can 
only regard as subspecies. In Northern Peru Q. c. caruleocephala 
shows a strong purplish tinge on the throat • in Colombia C. c. granadensis 
does not exhibit the coppery glance on the wings; and in 
Venezuela C. c. hannahice has the belly black without any purpHsh 
tinge. 

128 
TANAGKID^I. 

a. Subsp. tyjpica. 
a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
&, c. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Kamosani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
b. Subsp. cceruleocejphala. 
a. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad.sk. Chiquinda, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu,Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e]f. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckleij). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, Jr. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
c. Subsp. grcmadensis. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


e. Ad. sk. ; /. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Gould Coll. 
h. Jr. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk. Medellm,Antioquia(#«/m<m). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
Ad. sk. Concordia; Antioquia (Sal- Sclater Coll. 
mori). 
d. Subsp. JiannaMce. 
a. Ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
San Cristoval, Venezuela 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk(Goering). 
Valencia,Venezuela(6roe™^/). Sclater Coll. 

44. Calliste cyanopygia. 
Calliste cyaneicollis, Scl P. Z. S. 18o8, p. 452, 1860, p. 292. 
Calliste cyanopygia, Scl. P. Z. S.1883, p. 653; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1883; p. 545. 

Above, bead and neck shining blue ; lores black; interscapulium, 
wings, and tail black; lower back and edgings of wing- and tail-
feathers brilliant blue like the head ; lesser wing-coverts burnished 
with rich copper: below black, strongly glossed with purple on the 
belly, which passes into greenish blue on the erissum; whole fore-
neck blue like the head, without any purplish tinge; chin black; 
bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2-6, 
tail 1*7. Female similar. 

Hub* Western Ecuador. 

This form seems to be sufficiently distinct from C. cyaneicollis to 
be specifically separated. It is at once recognizable by the rump 
being blue like the head, instead of green. 

a. Ad. sk. Esmeraldas; Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
10. CALLISTE. • 129 
SECT. XI. Group of Q. rujicervioc. 

Bump and body below shining green or blue; middle of abdomen 
fulvous or chestnut. 


A. No yellow or scarlet on head. 
a. Nape with, a cross band more or less 
complete. 
a'. Forehead black, glossed with purple : 

J cross band narrower, rufous ... . 45. ritjicervix, p. 129. 

j cross band wider, yellowish 46. taylori, p. 130. 

h'. Forehead blue like the back 47. fulvicervix, p. 130. 

b. Nape black. 
c\ Interscapulium green like the rump 48. labradorides, p. 130. 
d'. Interscapulium black or blackish: 
) ear-coverts black 49. melanotis, p. 131. 
{ ear-coverts bluish 50. cyanotis, p. 131. 

c. Nape green ; ear-coverts rufous 51. rufgenis, p. 132. 
B. 
Head more or less ornamented with yellow 
or scarlet. 
d. Interscapulium black : 
\ sides of face scarlet 52. parzudakii, p. 132. 
(sides of face orange 53. lunigera, p. 133. 
e. Interscapulium variegated: 
cap and sides of head yellow 54. venusta, p. 133. 
cap orange; sides of head yellow. 55. xanthocephala^.IM. 
cap black; sides of head golden 
green 56. chrysotis, p. 134. 

45. Calliste ruficervix. 
Tanagra ruficervix, Prev, et Des Murs, Zool. Voy. Venus, Atlas, Ois. 
t. v. fig. 1 (1846). 
Tanagra (Calliste) rufivertex, Prev. et Des Murs, Zool. Voy. VSmis, 
p. 212 (1855). 
Arremon rufivertex, Gray, Gen. B. ii,p. 361. 
Chalcothraupis ruficervix, Bp. Pev. Zool. 1851, p. 144; id. Note s. I. 
Tany. p. 18. 
Calliste ruficervix, Scl Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 58; id. P.Z,S. 1855, 

p. 158, 1850, pp. 19, 259, 1859, p. 139; id. Mon. Callist. p. 71, 
pi. 32; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 85 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 69 ; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 19; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 499 (Antioquia); Bed. et 
Taez. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 288 (W. Ecuador). 
Calliste leucotis, Scl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 58. 

Above blue, slightly mottled with blackish on the interscapulium ; 
rump brighter ; head black, glossed with purple ; lores black; nape 
crossed by a distinct rufous-orange band; wings and tail black, 
edged with blue; lesser wing-coverts rather brighter : below blue; 
middle of belly and crissum pale fulvous ; under wing-coverts white; 
bill black; feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-9, tail 1*9. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Colombia, 'Western Ecuador, and North Peru. 
VOL. XI. K 

130 TAKAGKID^. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Colombia. ?"??^?f ; 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.; /. 
Bogota. Gould Coll. 
Bogota. Salvm-Godman CoU. 
Bogota. Sclater CoU. 
a. S ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Pallataiiga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

46. Calliste taylori. 
Calliste taylori, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 78. 
Similar to G. ruficervios, but with, the nape-band broader and of a 

golden yellow • also rather brighter below. 
Hab. Eastern Ecuador. 
I am a little doubtful whether this form is anything more than a 

subspecies of 0. riificervix. 

a. Ad. sk. Machay, Ecuador (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. (One of 
the types of C. taylori.) 
b, c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
47. Calliste fuMcervix. 
Calliste ruficervix, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514. 
Calliste fulvieervix, Scl. et Sah\ P. Z. S. 1870, p. 854, pi. xxx. fig. 1, 
1879, p. 599; Scl. Ibis, 1876, p. 408; Tacz. Orn. Per, ii. p. 4Go. 

Above bright blue with a purplish tinge, rather brighter on the 
rump and purple on the head, which is crossed on the nape by a 
faint fulvous band; lores black; wings and tail black, edged with 
blue; lesser wing-coverts purplish blue: below purple-blue ; middle 
of belly and crissum fulvous; under wing-coverts white; bill black; 
feet brown : whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2*9, tail 1*9. 

Hab. Bolivia. 

The only known specimen is in the collection. The species is 
distinguishable from C. ruficervix by the purplish colour of the back 
and breast and the faint fulvous nape-stripe. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
48. Calliste labradorides. 
Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides, Boiss. Pev. Zool. 1840, p. ®7. 
Tanagra labradorides, Prev. et Des Murs, Voy. Venus, Zool. p. 213, 
et Atlas, Ois. t. v. fig. 2. 

Calliste labradorides, Bp. Cmisp.i.-p.2S5i Scl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 57: 
id. P Z.S. 1855, p. 158,1856, pp. 19, 202,1858, p. 294; id. Mon. 
Callist. p. 89, pi. 39; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 88; id. Cat A. B. p. 70; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 19 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 499 (Antioquia). 

Chalcothraupis labradorides, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1851, p. 144; id. Note 

s. I. Tang. p. 18. 
Above, head in front and broad superciliaries shining greenish 

10 . CALLISTE. 131 
blue with, silvery reflections; lores narrow; space round the eye, 
back of head, and nape black; whole back shining greenish blue • 
wings and tail black; remiges narrowly edged with blue; lesser 
wing-coverts shining blue: below nearly uniform shining bluish 
green ; middle of belly and crissum fulvous; under wing-coverts 
white; bill black ; feet pale brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 
2*6, tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hal. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


g. Ad. sk Bogota. Gould Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
49. Calliste melanotic 
Calliste cyanotis, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 441• id. Ibis, 1863, p. 451 (err.). 
Calliste melanotis, Scl Ibis, 1876, p. 408; pi. xii. fig. 1; Tacz. P. Z. S. 

1882, p. 12 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 473 • Tacz. et Perl. 

P, Z. S. 1885, p. 79 (Ecuador). 

Above black: broad superciliaries, lower back, lesser wing-coverts, 
and outer margins of larger wing-coverts bright bluish green ; primaries 
and rectrices with very narrow bluish margins : below bluish 
green; middle of belly and crissum fulvous; under wing-coverts 
white; bill black; feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-8, 
tail 1*9. Female (probably) similar. 

Hab. Eastern Ecuador and N.E. Peru. 
The original specimen of this species was first regarded as the 
adult stage of G. cyanotis, a mistake afterwards corrected. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Rio Napo. 
Chmmoto, Peru 
Sclater Coll.
notis, Ibis, 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of C. mela1876, 
p. 408.) 
(Stohmann). 

50. Calliste cyanotis. 
Calliste cyanotis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 294 (Bio Napo) • id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 71, pi. 9; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 408, pi. xii. fig. 2; Scl. et 
Sato. Nomencl. p. 20; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 599 (Bolivia). 
Above, head black, broad superciliaries bright bluish green ;in terscapulium 
blackish green ; lower back bright bluish green; wings 
and tail black, edged with bluish green : below bluish green; middle 
of belly and crissum fulvous; under wing-coverts white; bill black; 
feet brown : whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*7. 
Hab. S. Peru and Bolivia. 

i2 

TANAGEIDJS. 

Nearly allied to C. melanotls, but distinguishable by its dusky 
green back and bluish-green ear-coverts. 

a A,] AK S Peru. SclaterOoll. (Type of the species. 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 294.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
51. Calliste rufigenis. 
Oalliste rufigenis, Sclater,P. Z. S. 1850, p. 311,et 1S57, p. 60 ; id. Mon. 
Callist. v. 91, pi- 40; id. Cat A. B. p. 71 j Sd. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 20. * * 
Above and below shining green; head and rump rather more 
bluish; interscapulium darker; lores, chin, and sides of the head 
dark fulvous brown : middle of belly and under wing-coverts pale 
fulvous; crissum rufous; bill black; feet brown: whole length 
5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*7. . Female (probably) similar. 

Hab. Venezuela. 
An unmistakable species, distinguished by the well-marked rufous 
sides of the head and general green colour. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. (Type of the 
species, P.Z.S. 1856, p. 311.) 
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Purchased. 

52. Calliste parzudaML 
Tanagra parzudakii, Lafr. JRev. Zool. 18-43, p. 97; id. May. de Zool. 
1843, Ois. pi. 41. 

Calliste parzudakii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235, sp. 26; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 
1851, p. 66; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115,1855, p. 158, et 1856, pp. 19, 
263 j id. Mon. Callist p. 93, pi. 41; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 89; id. 
Cat A. B. p. 71; Sd. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 20; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 515 (Centr. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 474. 
Chrysothraupis parzudakii, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 143 ,* id. Note s. I. 
Tang. p. 18. 

Above, cap and nape golden yellow ; broad front and sides of head 
scarlet; back black; rump and upper tail-coverts shining silvery 
green; wings and tail black ; lesser wing-coverts and edgings of 
greater wing-coverts shining silvery green, like the lower back : 
below shining silvery green with an ochraceous tinge; chin black ; 
middle of belly and crissum fulvous; bill black; feet brown: whole 
length 5'5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2. Femule similar. 

Hab. Colombia, Eastern Ecuador, and Peru. 
The scarlet face and golden cap render this species easily dis


tinguishable. 
a. Ad. sk.
b-d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10 . CALLISTE. 133 
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk. 
Chiquinda, Ecuador{Buckley). 
Bio Napo*.' 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godnun Coll. 

53. Calliste lxmigera. 
Calliste lunigera, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. Go, pi. 70. f. 2; id. 
P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 203, et 1800, p. 87 ; id. Man. Callist. p. 95, 
pi. 42 ; %d. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 89 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 71; Scl et Sato. 
Nomencl. p. 20 ; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 289 (W. Ecuador). 
Above, cap and sides of head orange ; lores and rounded patch on 
the side of the head black; nape and interscapulium black ; lower 
back shining green; wings and tail black; wing-coverts and secondaries 
edged with shining green: below shining green mixed with 
rufous; chin black; middle of belly and crissum dark brownish 
fulvous; bill black; feet brown : whole length 5*3 inches, wing 2*8, 
tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hob. "Western Ecuador. 

Nearest to C. parzudakii, but without any scarlet on the face. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Type described, 
Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 65.) 
6. Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 
{Fraser). 

c. Ad. sk. Quito. J. Gould, Esq. 
d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
54. Calliste venusta. 
Calliste xanthocephala, Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1831, p. 58 ; id. P. Z. $. 
1854, p. 115; Tacz. P. Z. S.1879, p. 227 (N. Peru). 

Calliste 
venusta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 248, 1855, p. 158, 1856, 
pp. 19, 264, et 1858, p. 74; id. MQU. Callist. p. 101, pi. 44. f. 2; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p.fc'O; id. Cat. A. B. p. 72; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 

p. 325 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 20; Per/, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, 
p. 289 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Bar. ii. p. 476 • Tacz. et BerL 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 80 (Ecuador). 
Above, cap and sides of head yellow; lores and nape black ; interscapulium 
black, variegated with shining blue; lower back 
shining blue ; wings and tail black, edged with shining blue: below 
shining blue; chin black; middle of belly and crissum fulvous; 
under wing-coverts pale fulvous : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, 
tail 1*5. Female similar. 

Hab. Colombia, Western Ecuador, and N.Peim. 
Distinguished by having the cap and sides of the head of a 
uniform golden yellow. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.# (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
TANAGRIDiE. 

134: 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
f. Ad. sk. Antioquia, Colombia {Salmon), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
V, h. Ad. sk. Antioquia, Colombia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Gould Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
55. Calliste xanthocephala. 
Callospiza xantkocephala, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. 1. p. 285 ; 

id. Faun. Per. p. 200, pi. 17. f. 2 (fig. pess.j ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 235. 
Calliste lamprotis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 65. 
Ckry&othraupis xantkocephala, j?p. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 443 ; id. Note 

s. I Tang. p. 17. 
Calli&te xanthoeephala, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 243, 1856, pp. 19, 
264, """ " " " "' " ^ " ~ 
-4v. 
P* ^ 


(Centr. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 4/o. 

Above, cap brilliant orange; sides of head bright yellow; lores 
and nape black ; interscapulium black, varied with greenish blue; 
lower back greenish blue; wings and tail black, margined with 
greenish blue : below greenish blue; chin black ; middle ot belly and 
crissum fulvous; bill black ; feet brown : whole length 5*5 inches, 
wing 2*9, tail 1-9. Female similar. 

Hal. Peru and Bolivia. 
rJearly allied to C. venusta, but at once distinguishable by its 
orange crown contrasted with the pure yellow ear-coverts. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Juanani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
56. Calliste chrysotis. 
Calliste 
chrysotis, Du Bus, Esq. Orn. pi. 7; Bp. Consp. L p. 236; 
Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 6G : id. P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 19, 268, et 
1859, p. 440; id. Mon. Callist. p. 97, pi. 43; id. Syn. Ai\ Tan. 

p. 89 ; id. Cat. A. B, p. 71; Scl. et Salv. Komencl p. 20; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 12 (N.E. Peru; ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 475: Tacz. et 
JBerl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 79 (Ecuador). 
Chrysothraupis 
chrysotis, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 142; id. M>te s. L 
fang. p. 17. 

Above, cap black; front and ear-coverts bright shining green 
glossed with golden chestnut; snpereiliaries, sides of neck, and lower 
back bright shining green ; interscapulium black, varied with bright 
green; wings and tail black, edged with bright green: below bright 
shining green ; middle of belly and crissum chestnut-brown; under 
wing-coverts blackish; bill black; feet brown: whole length 
5-5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 1-9. Female similar. 

10 . CALLISTE. 
135 
Hab. Eastern Ecuador and N. Peru. 
The black head and rather chestnut golden ear-coverts at once 
separate this well-marked species from its allies. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Upper Amazons. 
Rio Napo. 
Machay, Ecuador (Btohmann). 
Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll 
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk. 
Quito, Ecuador (Bruce). 
Ecuador, 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
L. Fraser [0.]. 

SECT. XII. Group of C. cyanoptera. 

Cap black; back silvery green. Eemale different from male. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Throat "black, like the head; belly silvery 
green : 
j wings black, edged with blue .. 57. cyanoptera, p. 135. 
(wings black 58. whitelyi, p. 136. 

B. Throat and chest green; belly purplish.. 59. atricapilla, p. 136. 
C. 
Belly black: 
J throat shining fulvous 60. argentea, p. 137. 
(throat green 61. argyrophenges, p. 137. 
57. Calliste cyanoptera. 
Aglaia cyanoptera, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 8 (1841). 
Tanagra argentea, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 69. 
Calliste cyanoptera, Bp. Consp. i. p. 234; id. Rev. Zool. 1851,p. 140; 


id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 15; Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 64; id. P. Z. S. 
1856, pp. 19, 254; id. Won. Ccdlist. p. 53, pi. 24; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 80; id. Cat. A. B. p. 67; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 167 
(Caracas) ,* iid. Nomencl. p. 19; Bah. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 200, 
et 1880, p. 120 (Sierra Nevada of S. Marta). 

Callispiza cyanoptera, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 27. 

Silvery green; head and neck all round and wings and tail 
black; remiges and rectrices narrowly edged with blue; under 
wing-coverts white; bill black; feet brown: whole length 5*5 inches, 
wing '3, tail 2. Female. Above green, brighter on the rump ; wings 
and tail black edged with green : below paler, ashy on the throat 
and breast, buffy white in the middle of the belly, and greenish on 
the flanks. 
Hab. Venezuela and N. Colombia. 

a. 3 ad. sk. Venezuela. Purchased. 
be 6 £ ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e 6 ad. sk. Venezuela. Gould Coll. 
f,g. sk ad. sk.; Minca, Santa Marta, TJ. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
? h <5 ir. sk. (Simons). 
i d ad sk. San Jbs<§, Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

U. S. 0. (Simons). 
136 
TANA GRIDM. 

58. Calliste wMtelyi. 
Calliste wkitelyi, 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 445, t. xiii.; S<riv< 
Ibis, 1885, p. 210. 

Silvery green, beneath obsoletely mottled; head and neck all 
round and wings and tail black; under wing-coverts white; bill 
black; feet dark brown: whole length 5*3 inches, wing 2*8, tail 
1-9. Female, Above dark green ; darker on the head, paler on the 
rump; wings and tail black edged with green : beneath pale burl}-, 
obsoletely mottled with ashy; flanks and cris&um greenish. 

Hab. Eoraima, British Guiana. 

Closely similar to C. ajanoptera, but without any blue edgings to 

the wing- and tail-feathers, and darker below. 

a, b. cS ad. sk. j c. $ ad. Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk.; d. $ jr. sk. ( finitely). (Types of the species.) 
e,f. cj $ ad. sk. Eoraima, Brit. Guiana. Sciater Coll. 

59. Calliste atricapilla. 
Tanagra (Aglaia) atricapilla, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 200. 
Calliste atricapilla, Bp. Consp. i. p. 235 • Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, 

p. 59: id. JP. Z. S. 1854, p. 249, 1855, p. 158, 1&56, p. 259; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 85 * id. Cat. A. B. p. G9; id. Man. Callist. p. 73, pi. *33. 
f• 1 6 9 2 $; Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 19; iid. P. Z. S.1S79, p. 499 
(Antioquia); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 325. ' 
Chalcothraupis atricapilla, JBp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 144; id. Xote s. I. 
Tang. p. 19. 
Procnias heinei, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 31 (jr.); Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, 

p. 134,- id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 8. 
Above silvery bluish grey; cap black; wings and tail black 

edged with bluish grey: below dark purplish blue; feathers of side 

of head, neck, and breast lanceolate, black at their bases, and 

broadly terminated with bright green; under wing-coverts white; 

bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*8, 

tail 1*7. Female. Above green, cap rather bluish green: below 

ashy, flanks passing into green; throat and breast with green 

lanceolate feathers, but not so bright as in the male. 

Hab. Colombia and Venezuela. 

a, b. $ ? ad. sk, Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

c. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
SaMivGodman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Gould Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Colombia (JDelattre). E. Wilson, Esq. 
f> 9-d ad. sk. * Eetiro, Antioquia, Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. {Salmon). 
I $ ad. sk. Frontino, Colombia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman ColL 
j. d ad. sk. * Frontino, Colomhrn (Sahwn). Sclater Coll. 
h, I. S ad. sk. * Venezuela. D. Dyson [6.1. 
fn, n. 2 ad. sk. 


10 . CALLISTE. 
137 
60. Calliste argentea. 
Procnopis argentea, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 285; id. F. P.. Aves, 
p. 199, pi. 14.fig. 2. 
Calliste 
argentea, Gray, Gen., App. p. 14; Bp. Consp. i. p. 235; 
Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 60 ; id. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 250; id. Sgn. 
Av. Tan. p. 85; id. Mon. Cattist. p. 75, t. xxxiv.; Scl. ot Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 19; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 (Oentr. Peru), 1879, 

p. 226 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 11 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 466. 
Clialcotliraupis argentea, Pp. It Z. 1851, p 145; id. Note s, I Tang. 
p. 19. 
Calliste argentea viridicollis, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 468. 
Above greenish silvery grey; cap black; -wings and tail black, 
with edgings like the back but darker: below black; flanks silvery 
grey like the back; throat and sides of head of a dark golden strawcolour 
; under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown: 
whole length 5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*3. Female. Above bright 
green, wings and tail darker ; cap dark brown: beneath cinereous, 
breast and flanks rather greenish; throat as in the male, but rather 
paler. 

Hah. Peru and Ecuador. 

In the form from Southern Peru (0. argentea viridicollis) the back 
and flanks have a much more bluish tinge, and the throat is more 
of a greenish yellow. But some of the North-Peruvian skins are 
rather intermediate between this form and Ecuador specimens, in 
which the throat is almost of a bright copper-colour. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a,b. c? ? ad.sk.
c. <$ ad. &k.
d, e. $ ad. sk. 
Tambillo, Peru (Stolztnann). 
Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp. viridicollis. 
a,b. $ $ ad. sk. Huero, valley of Urubamba,
Peru (Orion). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

61. Calliste argyrophenges. 
Calli&te argyrophenges, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 354, t. xxx. 
iig. 2, 1879, p. 599 (Bolivia) ; Scl. Ibis, 1876, p. 408; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 12 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 468. 

Abovo of a bright silvery ochre; cap, wings, and tail black: 
telow, middle of body black, flanks silvery ochre like the back; 
throat green; under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet dark brown: 
whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 1-9. Female. Back greenish 
ochre ; head, wings, and tail blackish, feathers edged with green: 
below cinereous, throat greenish ; flanks ochraceous. (Mas. Varsov.) 
Hob. Peru and Bolivia. 
The bright ochreous hue of the silvery back and the green throat 

138 TANAGRID^. 

at once distinguish this fine species from G. argentea. The female 
is only known to me from a specimen in the Warsaw Museum. 

a. 6 ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. tf ad. sk. Huambo, Peru. Sclater Coll. 

11. PSEUDODACNIS, gen. nov. 
Bill and foot of Pseudodacnis. 

General characters of Calliste, but bill rather longer and more 
slender. Wings rather long, first four primaries equal and longest. 
Plumage of Dacnis. 

1. Pseudodacnis hartlaubi. 
Dacnis hartlaubi, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 251. 
Callispiza hartlaubi, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 88. 
Calliste hartlaubi, Scl. Ibis, 1863, pp. 312, 452, 1876, p. 410j Scl. et 


Salv. Nomencl. p. 20. 

Above and below bright shining turquoise-blue; lores, broad line 
through the eyes, and interscapulium black ; wings and tail blackish; 
scapularies and tips of the outer secondaries turquoise-blue ; under 
wing-coverts cinereous; bill and feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, 
wing 2-6, tail 17. 

Hah. Colombia (Bogota). 

This bird, originally described by myself as a Dacnis, was subsequently 
referred by Dr. Cabanis to the Tanagers. I am at present 
not sure which view is correct, but at all events I do not think that 
the species can remain under Calliste, 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
12 . IRIDOENIS. 
p. TANAGRDLE FORTIROSTKES. 
As Tanagrinm fortirostres I propose to arrange the various genera, 
allied to typical Tanagra, with, stronger bills than in the last section, 
and a generally well-marked tooth in the upper mandible. 
They embrace altogether 57 species, divided into 12 genera. In 
the first part of the series blue is the prevailing colour, only varied 

•with yellow. In JRhamphoeoelus this is replaced by bright scarlets 
and marroons. These birds are spread over the whole Tanagrine 
area of the Neotropical Eegion. 
Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Bill short, much compressed: 
| very short; terminal notch distinct 12. IRIDORNIS, p. 139. 
"j longer; terminal tooth less distinct 13. DELOTHRAUPIS, p. 142. 
B. 
Bill short, much widened at the base; 
head crested 14. STEPHANOPIIORUS, 
C. Bill longer, slightly widened at the 
[p. 143. 
a. 
Gonys nearly straight. 
a'. Bill broader at base : 
r bill thinner; size small 15. PCECTLOTHRAUPIS, p. 144. 
\ bill thicker; size large 16. BUTHRATTPIS, p. 147. 
I'. 
Bill more constricted : 
J terminal notch obsolete ... . 17. COMPSOCOMA, p. 150. 
\ terminal notch distinct 18. DUBUSIA, p. 152. 

b. 
Gonys slightly ascending : 
J upper mandible slightly swollen 19. TANAGRA, p. 153. 
\ upper mandible much swollen.. 20. SPINDALIS, p. 165. 
D. 
Bill longer, much widened at the base. 
c'. Lower mandible naked at base .. 21. RHAMPHOCGELUS, p. 169. 
d'. Lower mandible feathered: 
f tail longer 22. PHLOGOTHRAUPIS, p. 178. 
L tail shorter 23. OALOCHJETES, p. 179. 

12. 
IKIDOENIS. Type< 
Iridosornis, Less. Echo du Monde Savant 1844, p. 80 I. dubusia. 
Poecilornis, Hartl Bev. Zool 1844, p. 369 I. dubusia. 
Euthraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 30 (1850) I. dubusia. 

This brilliant little group contains five species, inhabitants of the 
remote Andean valleys of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and remarkable 
for their short stout bill, which bears a well-marked 
terminal notch. Their structure is otherwise typical. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Throat black; nuchal spot yellow. 
a. 
Belly black: 
J middle of cap orange; front black .. 1. dubusia, p; 140. 
I cap black; large nuchal spot yellow . 2. reinhardti, p. 140. 
b. Belly chestnut , 3. jektei, p. 141. 
140 
TANAGKRID-E. 

B. 
Throat yellow ; no nuchal spot: 
j belly purple 4. porphyrocephala, p. 141. 
I belly rufous 5. analis, p. 141. 
1. Iridornis dubusia. 
Arremon ruflvertex, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1842, p. 385 (err.). 
Iridosornis rufivertex, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1844, p. 80; id. Rev. ZooL 


1844, p. 431; id. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 350. 
Poecilomis rufivertex, Hartl. Rev. ZooL 1844, p. 369. 
Tanagra dubusia, lip. Consp. i. p. 239. 
Euthraupis dubusia, Cab. Mm. Sein. i. p. 30. 
" Tanagra chrysolopha, auct.," Bp. Rev. ZooL 1851, p. 131; id. Note 

s. L Tang. p. 6. 
Iridosornis dubusia, StriehL Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 127. pi. 94. 
Iridornis dubusia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157, 1856, p. 242; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 68; id. Cat. A. B. p. 72; Set et Salv. Nomencl. p. 20; 
iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 500 (Antioquia) j Tacz. etBerL P. Z. S. 1885, 

p. 80 (Ecuador). 
Above and below black, strongly glossed with purple on the back 

and abdomen ; large vertical crest orange; crissum and lower belly 

chestnut; wings and * tail black; greater coverts, secondaries, and 

tail-feathers margined with blue; lesser coverts purple like the 

back; bill black, under mandible whitish at the tip; feet dark 

brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*8. Female similar. 

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. 0. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Jr. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Quito. J. Gould, Esq. 
i,j. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Iridornis reinhardti. 
Iridornis reinhardti, 
Scl. Ibis, 1865, p. 495, pi. 11 ; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 20; Tacts. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 (Centr. Peru); id. Orn. 
Fir. ii. p. 477. 

Above black, strongly glossed with purple on the back; lower 
back and margins of the wing- and tail-feathers greenish blue; a 
large and conspicuous broad band on the back of the neck golden 
yellow: below black, glossed strongly with purple on the breast and 
with greenish blue on the belly and crissum; bill black, tip of lower 
mandible whitish; feet dark brown : whole length 6-3 inches, wing 
3-2, tail 2-®. & 

Hah. Central Peru. 

At once distinguishable from J. dubusia by its golden-yellow 
nuchal plaque. 

12 . IR1D0RN1S. 
141 
3. Iridornis jelskii. 
Iridornis jelskii, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 316, pi. v. fig. 1 • Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 (Periri ; id. Oni. Per. ii. p. 478; Scl et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 590 (Bolivia). 
Above black; interscapulium, seapularies, and lesser wing-coverts 
purple; lower back and edges of wing- and tail-feathers greenish 
blue ; back of head and sides of neck occupied by a bright golden-
yellow patch, which leaves the face black: below chestnut, throat 
black; bill black, tip of under mandible whitish; feet dark brown : 
whole length 5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2-4. Female similar. 

Hab. Peru and Bolivia. 
The large nuchal patch and chestnut belly at once distinguish 
this fine species. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Ytmgas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 

4. Iridornis porphyrocephala. 
Iridornis 
porphyroeephala, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 227, pi. 110 
1850, p. 243; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 69; id. Cat. A. B. p. 72; Scl 
et Salv, Nomencl. p. 20; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 500 (Antioquia). 

Above dark purple, passing into greenish blue on the rump ; 

sides of head black; wings and tail black, edged with greenish 

blue: below purple, passing into greenish ashy on the sides; whole 

throat bright yellow ; middle of belly fulvous ; crissum chestnut; 

bill pale plumbeous; feet brown: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 

2*9, tail 2*3. Female similar. 

Hah. Ecuador and Colombia. 

a. 
Ad. sk Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (One of the 
types of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Quito. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon), Sclater Coll. 
d. 
$ ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
e. Ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. 0. (Sahnon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/-/*. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Iridornis analis. 
Tanagra analis, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 287 ; id. Faun. 

Per., Aves, p. 205, pi. 18. f. 1; Lap. Bev. Zool 1847, p. 71. 

Calliste analis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 236. 

Euthraupis analis, Cab. Mus. Kein. I. p. 30 (note). 

Iridornis analis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 227, 1856, p. 243; id. Syn. 

Av Tan. v. 69; id. Cat. A. B. p. 72; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 20; 
iid. P. Z S. 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 

(0. Peru), 1882, p. 12 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 479. 
Above dark cinereous, strongly glossed with purple on the head, 

142 TANAGEIDJE. 

and with, greenish blue on the lower back and margins of the wing-
and tail-feathers ; lores and sides of head black: below rufous, passing 
into cinereous on the sides; whole throat bright yellow; crissum 
chestnut; under wing-coverts rufous; bill plumbeous; feet dark 
brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2-5. Female similar. 

Hah. Peru. 
Closely allied to /. porpliyrocepliala, but distinguished by the 


rufous under surface and under wing-coverts. 
a. Ad. sk. Peru (Tschudi). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. San Antonio, Peru {Whitely). Salvin-Godman ColL 

13. DELOTHEAUPIS*. 
Bill of Delothratijjis. 

Under this name I propose to separate the species until lately 
called Pipridea castaneiventris, which cannot certainly go along 
with P. rnelanonota, and seems more nearly allied to Iridomie, 
from which it differs in its longer and more compressed bill. 

1. Delothraupis castaneiventris. 
Calliste castaneoventris, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 61. 

Pipridea castaneiventris, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sj). p. 13; id. P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 266; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 92 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 518 
(Centr. Peru): id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 451: Scl. et Salv. NomencL 

p. 18; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 598 (Bolivia).' 
Above dark greyish blue ; front and sides of head black ; wings 
and tail black, edged with greyish blue; beneath bright chestnut; 
chin paler, with a slight black rictal stripe on each side ; bill blackish, 
lower mandible paler ; feet dark brown : whole length 5*8 inches, 
wing 3-1, tail 2*8. 

Hah. Bolivia and Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
bj c. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
* Delothraupis, genus novum (£f/\os, manifestus, et 6pav7r'i$, tanagra), 
14 . STEPHANOPHOETJS. 
143 

14. STEPHANOPHOKUS. 
Type. 

Stephanophorus, Strickl P. Z. S. 1841, p. 30 S. leucocephalus. 

Structure of Stephanophorus. 

This is a curious monotypic form, at once distinguishable by its 
short, swollen, almost pyrrhuline bill and elevated crest. It is 
peculiar to Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and the northern part of 
the Argentine Eepublic. 

1. Stephanophorus leucocephalus. 
Tanagra leucocephala, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 408; id. _EW. 
Meth. p. 774. 
Tanagra diademata, Mikan, Del. Fl. et F. Bras, pi.; Temm. PL 

Coll. 243. 
Pyrrhula caerulea, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 61, pi. 54. 
Nemosia diademata, Steph. Zool. xiv. p. 5. 
Stephanophorus cseruleus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 31; Bp, Consp.i. 

p. 238 j Burm. SysL Ueb. iii. p. 205. 
Stephanophorus leucocephalus, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 6; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
144 
TAXAGHIDJB. 

ISm, p. 241; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 67; id. Cat. A. B. p. 73; Scl 
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 20; iid. P. Z. S. 1SC9? p. 101 et p. 632 (Rep. 
Arg.); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 208; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 114. 

Black with a strong bluish tinge, especially on the rump and 
sides of the head; lesser wing-coverts blue; back of head silky 
white, with a small crimson vertical crest in front of it ; forehead, 
lores, and chin black; feathers of forehead short and erect: bill 
brownish black, below paler; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, 
wing 4, tail 3*3. Female similar, but not quite so bright in colour; 
and red in crest barely apparent. 

Hah. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and X. of Argentine 
Republic. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
b, c Novo Fribourffo, Rio de Salvin-Godznan Coll. 
cS 2 ac^ s^'
Janeiro (Touds). 


d. J ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Xatterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. <S 5 ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Saivin-Godman Coll. 
g.' $ ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Saivin-Godman Coll. 
(Joytier), 

h. 
Ad. sk.; i. Jr. Campana, Uruguay. A. Peel rC.~i. 
sk. " j. 
Ad. sk. j k. Jr. Buenos Ayres {Hash- Saivin-Godman Coll. 
sk. hust). 
h *w. 6 ? ad. sk. Conchitah, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson), 


n. 
$ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres. II. Durnford [C.]. 
o. Skel. Brazil. * Eyton Coll. 
15. FCECIL0THRAI3TIS. 
lype. 
Pcecilothraupis, Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 30 (18o0) P. lunulata. 
Anisognathus, Reich. AD. S. N. pi. 77 (1S30). No type given, but 

apparently intended for P. lunula* a. 

This little group is recognizable by its shorter and wider bill, but 
is otherwise of the same general conformation as Iridornis. The 
five known species are confined to the Andean valleys of Colombia, 
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Abdomen scarlet j throat black. 
Remiges uniform black » 1. lunulata, p, 144. 
Remiges edged with blue 2. igniventris, p. 145. 
B. "Whole under surface yellow. 
a. Under surface orange-yellow: 
j with a yellow lateral neck-spot S. palpebrosa, ^A4G. 
| without yellow neck-spot 4. lacrymosa, p. 146. 
b. Under surface clear yellow 
5. melanogeny&, 
[p. 147, 
1. PcBcilothraupis lunulata. 
Tanagra lunulata, Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. pt. 1. p. 439 (cum 
fig.) (1839); id. Esq. Orn. pi. 4; Bp. Consp. i. p. 239. 
Tanagra (Euphone ?) constantii, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 3. 

15 . P(E(JIL0EHRA.T7Jt»Ifl. 
145 

Aglaia erytkrotis, Jard. et Selby, III. Orn. n. s. pi. 3G (1840). 
Tanagra erytkrotis. Less. Echo d. M. 8. 1843, p. 947. 
Tanagra igniventris, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. 1, p. 287; 

id. Faun. Per. p. 1205 ? 
Poecilotliraupis igniventris, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 30. 
Poecilothraupis lunulata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 241,1858, p. 551, 

1860, pp. 76, 86 (Ecuador); id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 67; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 72; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 20; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 325 
(Colombia); Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. 8 1884, p. 289 (W. Ecuador). 
Poecilotliraupis atricrissa, Cab. J.f.O. 1866, p. 165. 
Poecilotliraupis lunulata atricrissa, Tacz. et Per I. P. Z. S. 1885, 

p. 80 (Ecuador). 
Pcecilothraupis ignicrissa, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 317; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 514 (Oentr. Peru), 1882, p. 13 (N.E. Peru): id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 482. 

Above black; rump and lesser wing-coverts blue; auricular 
patch scarlet: below scarlet, throat and fore neck black; crissum 
black, or with the feathers more or less tipped with scarlet; bill 
and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 2*9. Female 
similar. 

Bab. Colombia, Ecuador, and JN". Peru. 

In specimens from Ecuador (P. atricrissa, Cab.) the crissum is 
usually quite black without any scarlet, but MM. v. Berlepsch 
and Taczanowski have shown (P. Z. S. 1884, p. 289) that this is 
not always the case. I have therefore given P. atricrissa only the 
rank of subspecies. Another subspecies is P. ignicrissa of Northern 
Peru, in which the crissum is said to be wholly scarlet. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad.; g. Jr. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
b. Subsp. atricrissa. 
a. § ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Andes of Ecuador (JameSclater 
Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk.
d. Jr. sk.
son). 
Lloa, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
(Bt(ckky). 
San Lucas, Ecuador(Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 

2. Poecilothraupis igniventris. 
Aglaia igniventris, d'Orb. et Lafr. 8yn. Av. i. p. 32, 
Tanagra igniventris, (TOrb. Voy. p. 275, pi. 25. fig. 2; Bp. Camp. 


i. p. 239 (partim). 
Ansiognathus igniventris, Sclater, Tan. Cat. 8p. p. 11. 
Poecilothraupis igniventris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 242; id, Syn. Av. 
VOL. xi. L 

146 
TANAQRIDM. 

Tan. p. 68 j ScL et Sab. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678 (Cuzco), 1879, 

p. 600 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 20; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 482. 
Above Hack; rump and lesser wing-coverts and narrow edgings 
of wing- and tail-feathers blue : below scarlet, throat black; crissum 
uniform with abdomen ; bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*5, tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Hah. S. Peru and Bolivia. 
Only different from P. lunulafa in having the wing- and tail-
feathers edged with blue, and no traces of black on the crissnm, 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Tilotolo, Bolivia {Buckley). 
Bolivia. 
Cackupata, Peru (Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 

3. Poecilothraupis palpebrosa. 
Tanagra palpebrosa, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1847, p. 71; Bp. Consp. L 
p. 239. 
Anisognatbus laerimosus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 11. 
Poecilothraupis laerimosa, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 242; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 68; id. Cat. A.B.-p. 7;3; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 780 
(Merida), 1870, p. 500 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 227; 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 481. 

Poecilothraupis palpebrosa, 
Cab. J.f.O.1873, p. 317; ScL et Sab. 
Nomencl. p. 20; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 194; BerL et Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 80 (Ecuador). 
Above blackish ; rump, lesser wing-coverts, and edgings of wings 
and tail purplish blue; sides of head blackish; spot under the eye 
and on each side of the neck yellow; under surface orange-yellow; 
bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 2*6, tail 1*9. 
Female similar. „ 

Eab. Yenezuela (Merida), Colombia, Ecuador, and K". Peru. 

a. $ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goe- Salvin-Godman ColL 
ring). 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Colombia (Delattre). E. Wilson, Esq. 
e. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
/, g. <$ ad. sk.; h. Santa Elena, Antioquia, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Colombia (Salmon). 
i, j . Ad. si. San Lucas, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 

k. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J, Gould, Esq. 
L Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater ColL 
m. $ ad. sk. Cutervo, Peru (Stohmann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Poecilotliraupis lacrymosa. 
Tachyphonus lacrimosus, JDu Bus. Esq. Orn. pi. 10; Bp. Const?. L 
p. 237. x * r r 
Dubusia lacrymosa, Bp. C. B. xxzi. p. 424 (1850). 
16. BUTHRAUPIS. 
Poecilothraupis lacrymosa, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 317; Sal et Salv. 
NomencL p. 20; Tacx. P. Z. &' 1874, p. 514 (Centr. Peru) ; id. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 481. 

Above blackish with a strong bluish-grey tinge; rump, lesser 
wing-coverts, and edges of wings and tail purplish, blue; round 
spot under the eye yellow; under surface orange-yellow; bill black; 
feet dark brown: whole length &8 inches," wing 3*6, tail 2*7. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Central and Southern Peru. 
Similar to P. jpalpehrosa, but differing in the bluish tinge of the 
upper plumage, and in the want of the lateral neck-spot. 

a. Ad. sk. Higos, Peru {Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 
5. Pcecilothraupis melanogenys. 
Pcecilotkraupis 
melanogenys, Salv. et Godni. Ibis, 1880, p. 120, 
pi. iii. 

Above blackish with a blue tinge ; head and rump purplish blue ; 
sides of head black, with a round yellow spot below the eye; wings 
and tail black, slightly edged with blue; below clear yellow; thighs 
blackish; bill and feet black: whole length 7*5 inches, wiDg 3*6, 
tail 3-2. 

Hob. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia. 
Easily distinguishable from the two preceding species by the clear 
3'ellow below and the black sides of the head. 

a.
b, 
cJ ad. sk.
c. $ $ ad. sk. 
Templado, Sierra Nevada,
U. S. C. (Simons). 
San Sebastian, U. S. C. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvia-Grodman Coll 
{Simons). 

16. BUTHBAUPIS. 
Type. 
Buthraupis, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 29 (1850) B. cucullata. 
Buthraupis embraces the strongest and largest of the true 

Tanagers—a group clad in brilliant blues and yellows, and peculiar 
to the Andean Eanges. 

Key to the Species. 

Abdomen yellow; throat black; no pectoral spol, 
Head black. 

Nape silvery blue, distinct from back .. 1. montana, p. 148. 

Nape purple-blue like back 2. cucullata, p, 148. 
Head blue; back green. 
Bump green like the back 3. chbronota, p. 148. 
Bump blue 4. eximia, p. 149. 

Head and back purplish blue 5. arccsi, p. 149. 
Abdomen olive; throat black; pectoral spot 
yeU0W 6. edwardsi, p. 160. 

148 
TATSTAGRTB^l. 

1. Buthraupis montaiia. 
Aglaia montana, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. I p. 32. 
Tanagra montana, d'Orb. Voy. p. 275, pL 23. fig. 1; Gray, Gen. 

B. ii. p. 365; J?^. a»wp. i. p. 239. 
Buthraupis montana, fleeter, TVm. Os*. ^ . p. 10; «*• 8yn. Av Tan 
p. 65 ; id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 239 ; && et Salv. ISomencl. p. 20 ; ltd. 
P. Z. & 1879, p. 600 (Bolivia). 
Above purple-blue ; nape with, a conspicuous silvery-blue band ; 
head and throat black ; abdomen yellow; bill black; lower mandible 
at base carneous ; feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 5, tail 3*8. 
Female similar. 

Hab. Andes of Bolivia. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman OoU. 
(Buckley). 
b. Ad. sk. Bamosani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. ^ 
d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.j. 
e. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
J- Gould, Esq. 
2. Buthraupis cucullata. 
Tanagra cucullata, Jard. HI. Orn. n. s. pi. 43 (1841). 
" Tanagra montana, d'Orb.," Less. JDescr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 348. 
Dubusia gigas, Bp. Rev. Zool 1851, p. 171; id. Note s. I. Tang. p. 22. 
Buthraupis cucullata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157, et 1856, p. 239 -id. 


Syn. Av. Tan. p. 65; id. Cat. A. B. p. 73; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 18G, 780 (S. Peru), et 1879, p. 500 (Antioquia) ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 20; Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 513 (0. Peru); id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 483. 

Above purple-blue; head black : below, throat black ; abdomen 

yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 5% 

tail 3-6. Female rather duller in plumage. 

Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

At once distinguishable from B. montana by the absence of the 

silvery nape-band. In South-Peruvian skins the belly is rather 

more of an orange-yellow, and this colour ascends higher in the 

middle of the throat. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Colombia. 
Purchased. 

c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Antioquia, Colombia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Gould). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
A, i. Ad. sk. Chiquinda, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. c? ad. sk. Higos, Central Peru (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Huasampilla (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Buthraupis chloronota. 
Buthraupis chloronota, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 97, pi. 64, 1856, 
p. 240, et 1858, p. 551 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 66; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 73; Scl, et Salv. JfomencL p. 20; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 80. 
16 . BUTHRAUPIS. 
149 

Above green; cap and lesser wing-coverts blue; wings and tail 
black, larger coverts and secondaries edged with green: below 
yellow ; sides of head, throat, and breast black ; bill and feet black : 
whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*4, tail 3-8. Female similar. 

Hah. Western Ecuador. 

Larger than B. eximia, and at once known by its wholly green 
back. 

a. J ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Gould). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Buthraupis eximia. 
Tanagra eximia, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. Q6 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 239. 
Tanagra (Saltator) eximia, Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 346. 
Buthraupis eximia, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 29; Scl. P. Z. S.1855, p. 157, 

et I860, p. 240; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 6Q; id. Cat. A. B. p. 73; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 20. 

Above green ; cap, lesser wing-coverts, and rump blue; wings 
and tail black, greater wing-coverts and secondaries edged with 
green: below yellow; throat, breast, and sides of head black; bill 
and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4-5, tail 3*5. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Colombia. 

Only known to me from Bogota skins. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
5. Buthraupis arcsei. 
Buthraupis arcasi, 
Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 439, pi. 31; iid. 
Nomenel. p. 20; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 187 (Veragua); Salv. 
et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 276. 

Above dark purplish blue; wings and tail black, edged with 
bluish ; lores and throat black ; abdomen yellow ; bill black; feet 
dark brown: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Veragua. 

The small size and dark bluish back at once distinguish this 
species. 
a b. $ 2 ad. sk. Cordillera de Chueu, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 

' (Arce). 
(Types of the species.) 

c. tf ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
150 
TA^AGKIDJE. 

6. Buthraupis edwardsi. 
Buthraupis edwardsi, Elliot, Now. Arch. d. Mus. i. BuM. p. 77, tab. IT. 
fig. 2 (18(55) ; jSfcfom, 23**, 1874, p. 307. 

Above olive-green; cap and lores black; sides of bead blue; 

wings and tail biackisb, edged with bluish green : below yellowish 

olive; throat black; patch in the middle of the breast orange-

yellow ; bill horn-colour, darker above; feet brown : whole length 

5-5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2-2. Female. Paler; throat and head 

more olivaceous. 

Hob. Western Ecuador. 

A very distinct species, at once known bj its yellow pectoral 

patch. 

a, b. £ ad. sk.; Pasto, Ecuador (Zehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. $ ad. sk. 
17. COMPSOCOMA. 
Type. ^ 
Compsocoma, Cab. Mus. Hein. L p. 140 (1850) C. victorinL 
The four species of Compsocoma are all closely allied and have the 

under surface altogether of a brilliant yellow. The structure is 
much the same as in Buthrawpis, but the bill is more produced and 
conical. This is again a group peculiar to the Andes of South 
America. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Whole under surface yellow. 
Back olive-green 1. victorini, p. 150. 
Back black; rump greenish. 2. sumptuosa, p. 151. 
Back black; rump blue 3. Jlavmucha, p. 152. 
B. Ohm black; rest of under surface orange 4. notabilis} p. 152. 
1. Compsocoma victoriai. 
Taelrypkonus victorini, Lafr. JRev. Zool. 1842, p. 336. 
Tanagra victorini, Bjp. Consj^. i. p. 239. 
Compsocoma victorini. Cab. Mies. Hem. i. p. 140; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855. 


p. 84, 1856, p. 238; id. Syii. Av. Tan. p. 64; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 73 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 20; Berl. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 291 
(Bucaramanga); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 80 (E. Ecuador). 
Above olive-green; wings and tail black, edged with bright blue; 
lesser wing-coverts purplish blue; head black; a broad medial stripe 
from the vertex to the nape and the body beneath bright yellow; 
bill and feet black: whole length Q'5 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-8. 
Female similar. 

Hab. 
Colombia and Eastern Ecuador. 

a. Ad. si Bogota. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
e-d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Colombia. J. Gould, Esq. 
/ . Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
17 . COMPSOCOMA. 
151 

2. Compsocoma sumptuosa. 
Tachyphonus sumptuosus, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 463; Puck. Arch. Mus. 

Par. vii. p. 379, pi. 23. 

Tanagra sumptuosa, Bp. Consp. i. p. 239. 

Compsocoma sumptuosa, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 140 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 

1855, p. 84? 1856, p. 238, 1S59, p. 139, et 1860, p. 86 (Ecuador); 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 64; id. Cat A. B. p. 74; 8cl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1808, p. 167 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 50 (Antioquia); iid.Nomencl. 

p. 20 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 513 (0. Peru), et 1882, p. 13 (N.E. 
Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 484. 
Tachyphonus flavinueha, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 208. 
Taehyphonus elegans, Less. Echo d. M. 8. 1844, p. 57 ; id. Descr. d. 

Mamm. et Ois. p. 349 (?) ; Bp. Pev. Zool. 1851, p. 171. 
Compsocoma elegans, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 140; 8cl. Cat. A. I?.p. 74. 
Compsocoma cyanoptera, Cab. J.f. 0. 18l>6, p. 235. 
Compsocoma sumptuosa cyanoptera, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 

p. 546, et 1884, p. 289 (W. Ecuador). 
Above black, passing more or less into olivaceous green on the 
rump; wings and tail black; lesser wing-coverts and outer margins 
of the wing- and tail-feathers blue; head black; a broad stripe from 
the vertex to the nape and the body beneath bright yellow; bill and 
feet black ; whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-2. FemaU 
similar. 

Hob. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

In examples from the vicinity of Quito the blue edgings to the 
wing- and tail-feathers are of the same hue as the shoulders (C. 
cyanoptera); in Venezuelan, Eastern-Ecuador, and Peruvian skins 
the blue edgings are much brighter in hue; but examples from 
Antioquia are more or less intermediate. (Cf. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 500.) 
a. Subsp. typica. 
a. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.]. 
b. S ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. San Jose", Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Marca, Peru (JelsJci). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Tschudi). Sclater Coll. 
a'. Intermediate between subsp. tijpica and subsp. cyanoptera. 

a. Ad. sk. St. Helena, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Retiro, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
Cjd. $ % ad. sk. Retiro, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp. cyanoptera. 
a. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. „ „ 
d e. Ad. sk. Baisa, Ecuador {BueJdey). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
/ Ad sk Pasto, Ecuador (Zehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
TANAGRID^. 

3. Compsocoma flaviaxiclia. 
Tacbvphonus flavinucha, d?Orb. etLafr Syn. Av. i. p. 29; dtOrb. Voy. 
p. 279, pi. 21; Gtoy/, Gen. B. ii. p. 365. 
Tanngra flavinucha, i?/>. Ctowp.. i- p. g*?-. 
Compsocoma flavinucha, CM. #»«. ^n. i p 140; &7.P.Z.5r 18o6, 
p 9.38 • id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 64; &?/. e* Salv. ^omencl. p. 20; ltd. 
?.Z. S. 1879, p. 000 (Bolivia). 

Above black; rump, lesser wing-coverts, and edgings of tail-
feathers blue, edgings of primaries lighter Hue ; broad nuchal band 
and body below bright yellow ; bill and feet black: whole length 
6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2-7. Female similar. 

Hab. Bolivia. 
At once recognizable by its blue rump. 


a Ad. sk Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad.' sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
(Buckley). 
c Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 

4. Compsocoma notafcilis. 
Tanagra notabilis, Jard. Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. n. s. ii. p. 119; Scl. 
P.Z. & 1855, p. 84, pi. 91. 
Compsocoma notabilis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 239; id. Syn. Av, Tan. 
p. 65; id. Cat. A. B. p. 74; Scl. et Salv. Xotnencl. p. 20. 
Above yellowish olive; wings and tail black, larger wing-coverts 
edged with blue, the smaller yellowish olive like the back; whole 
head and chin black; large nuchal spot yellow ; body below orange-
yellow ; bill and feet black; "whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, 
tail 2-8. 

Hab. Western Ecuador. 

Yery distinct, from its black chin and yellowish-olive back. 

a. Ad. sk. Quito (Jameson). Sclater Coll. 
by c. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, f. Ad. sk. Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
18. DUBUSIA. 
Dubusia, Bp. CM. xxxi. p. 424 (1850). 
The single species of this genus is allied to G&mpsowma, but distinguished 
by its more compressed bill with a more rounded culmen, 
and the longer tail. It is peculiar to the Andes of Colombia and 
Ecuador. 

1. JMrasia tseniata. 
Tanagra (Tachyphonus) taeniatus, Boise. Bet. ZooL 1840, p. 67. 

Tachyphonus toniatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 287. 

Amnion tceniatus, Gray, Gen. B.} App. p. 16. 

Dubusia tamiata, && P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157,1856, p. 237 j id. Syn. Av 

Tan. p. 63 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 74; Scl et Salv. JSfomenel p. 21; iid. 

19 . TANAGRA. 
153 

P. Z. & 1879, p. 500 (Antioquia) ; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. 3. 1884, 
p. 289 (Ecuador) ; Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 (Ecuador). 
Tanagra selysia, Bp. Consp. i. p. 239. 
Dubusia selysia, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxi. p. 424 (1850), et xxxii. 
p. 81; 
Set P. Z. S. 1856, p. 2-37; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 63 ; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 74; ScL et Salv. NommcL p. 21. 
Above "black, more or less tinged with bluish ; lesser wing-coverts 
light greyish blue ; wings and tail black, margined with dull blue ; 
whole head and nape black; the points of the feathers on the front 
and sides of the head and neck light blue, forming long well-marked 
superciliaries ; breast-band and crissum pale buff; belly yellow; 
bill and feet black : whole length 7*3 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*5. 
Ftmah similar. 

Bah. Colombia and Ecuador. 

Some examples from Ecuador (perhaps not quite adult) have the 
back olivaceous instead of bluish. Upon such Bonaparte established 
his B. selysia. Others agree well with Bogota skins. 

a, b. Acl. bk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/», d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. 2 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
f} g. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 

J. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
19. TANAG-EA. Type. 
Tanagra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 313 (1766) ... . Type not given, but 
Tanagra episcopus by 
general consent. 

Thraupis, Bote, l$i$, 1826, p. 974 T. archiepiscopus. 

The fourteen species comprehended in this genus are all of moderate 
size and typical structure. They are distributed throughout the 
Neotropical Eegion from Southern Mexico to the southern limit of 
the forests in Bolivia and the Argentine Republic, but do not intrude 
on the Pampas. The species of the blue-grey section of this genus 
allied to T. episcopus are very difficult to distinguish, and even with 
the large series before mo I do not pretend to have been able to 
arrange them satisfactorily. The nesting of several species of this 
genus is known to us. They build an open nest, like our Einches, 
and lay spotted eggs. (Of. Euler, J.f. 0. 1867, p. 410.) 

Key to the Species. 

A. Rump uniform with back: sexes similar: 
A. 
Plumage above and below of a bluish 
grey. 
a. Lesser coverts silvery white: 
greater coverts slightly edged with 
white 1. episcopus, p. 154. 
greater coverts broadly edged with 
white., *. 2. coelestiSf p. 155. 

154 
TANAGKID-E. 

b. Lesser coverts violet 
3-sciatert, p. 155. 
c. Lesser coverts blue : 
j smaller : head greyish 4. carta, p. 156. 
1 larger: head greenish white 5. cyanoptera, p. 157. 
d. 
Lesser coverts greenish : 
J breast grey 6. sayaca, p, 158. 
| breast violet .,. . 7. glaucocolpa, p. 159. 
B. 
Plumage above and below of an olive-
green. 
e. No yellow on wings 
8. palmarum, p. 159. 
f. 
Wings ornamented with yellow : 
(tips of lesser wing-coverts yellow .. 9. ornaia, p. 161. 
< yellow speculum at the base of the 
( primaries 10. abbas, p. 162. 
c. Plumage above 
yellowish olive; head 
blue: 
abdomen cinereous 11. cyanocepkala} p. 162. 
abdomen blue 12. olivicyanea, p. 163. 

|: 

B. Bump yellow, distinct from back: sexes 
different :* 
I interscapulium black 13. bonariensis, p. 164. 
[ interscapulium olive 14. darwini, p. 165. 

1. Tanagra episcopns. 
Episcopus avis, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 40. 
Tanagra episcopus, Linn. S. N. I. p. 316; Sirickl Ann. Nat. Hist. acx. 


p. 332 (1847) ; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 670; Bp. Mev. ZooL 
1851, p. 170 ,* id. Note s. 1. Tang. p. 21; ScL P. Z. S, lb557 p. 157, 
1856, p. 231; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 58; id. Cat. A. B. p. 74; ScL et 
Sfdv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 571 (Para); iid. Nomenel. p. 21; Layardt Ibis, 
1873, p. 379 (Para); Teh. Orn. Bras. p. 206; Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 210 (Brit. Guian.). 
Tanagra glauca, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 364. 
Tanagra serioptera, SID. An. in Menag. p. 313 ; Cab. in Sckomb. Guian, 
iii. p. 670. 
Thraupis serioptera, Cab. Mus. Hdn. L p. 28. 
Tanagra leucoptera, G. M. Gray, in Mus. Brit. (Bogota); ScL Cat. 
A. B. p. 74. 
Pale bluish, grey, rather darker on the interscapulium, and tinged 
with violet on the rump and breast; wings and tail blackish margined 
with blue; lesser wing-coverts clear bluish white; bill dark 
horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2*5. 
Female similar, perhaps rather duller in plumage. 

Hob. 
Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and Colombia. 

Bogota skins show slight indications of bluish-white edgings 
to the larger wing-coverts, and are thus varying towards T» ccelestw. 
They have been designated Tanagra leucoptera in G. It. Gray's MS. 

a. Sabsp, typica. 
a, b. <$ ad. sk.; Bartica Grovejferit. Guiana Salvin-Godman OoJL 

c. 2 
ad. sk. (WTiitely). W 
d. 
<? ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman OolL 
(Whitdy). 
19. TANAGRA. 155 
*?/ . <$ ad. sk. Boraima, Brit. Guiana Sahm-Godman Coll. 
§i h. Ad. sk. 
«. Ad. sk. 
j . Ad. sk. 
(Whitdy). 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
H. C. Bothery, Esq. 
&. Ad. sk. Para, Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp, leucojjtera. 
c, 5. Ad. sk. 
c, d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
J. Gould, Esq. 

2. Tanagra ccelestis. 
Tanagra ccelestis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 42, pi. 55. fig. 2; Bp. P. Z. S. 
1S37, p. 121; id. Bev. ZooL 1851, p. 109; *d. Note s. I. Tang. p. 20 j 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115, 1850, p. 232, 1858, p. 453 j «& &/w. 
-4t\ Tan. p. 58; *tf. Cat A. B. p. 75 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, 

p. 180 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 749 (E. Peru), 1869, p. 597 (Cosnipata), 
1*73, p. 201 (E. Peru), 1870, p. 16 (S. Peru); iid. Nomencl 
p. i>l; Ztos. P. Z & 1874, p. 513 (C. Peru), 1879, p. 227, 1880, 
p. VM (X. Peru), 1882, p. 13 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pir. ii. 
p. 4b5 ; Tacz. et BerL P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 (-Ecuador). 
Tanagra epifccopus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru). 
Pale bluish grey, rather darker on the interscapulium; rump and 
body below more or less tinged with violaceous; wings and tail 
blackish, margined with blue ; lesser wing-eoverts and broad margins 
of the greater wing-eoverts clear bluish white; bill dark horncolour; 
feet brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*6. 
Female, similar. 

Hah, Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 

The amount of the white on the larger wing-coverts varies slightly, 
but the conspicuous white wing-band renders this form generally 
well distinguishable. 

^g . Ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Tschudi). Sclater Coll. 
OL Ad. sk. j c. Jr. sk. Eastern Peru (Fams). Sclater Coll. 

d. Ad. sk.; e. Jr. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
Yquitos, U. Amazons (White-Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f,ff- d2 ad.sk. 

A, i. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BucMey). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jf k. Ad. sk. Monji, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I <$ ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

m. $ ad. sk. Bio Napo. J. Gould, Esq. 
3. Tanagra sclateri. 
Tanagra glauca, LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 293. 
Tanagra glaucocolpa, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 75 (err.). 
Thraupis cana, Mmch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 580 (Trinidad). 
Tanagra sclateri, Berlepsch, Ms, 1880, p. 112; Bidgw. Pr. U.S. 


& Jf. 1884, p. 173 (Trinidad). 

156 TANAGRIDJE. 

Pale bluish grey, rather darker on the mterscapulium, more 
violaceous on the rump and chest; wings and tail blackish, edged with 
blue; lesser wing-coverts bright shining violet; bill dark horncolour 
; feet brown : whole length fro inches, wing 37 , tail 2*7. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Trinidad. 

This species in the colour of its upper wing-eoverts is intermediate 
between T. episcopus and T. carta. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. &k. Trinidad <? j. Purchased. 
4. Tanagra cana. 

Tanagra cana, Sic. Orn. Dr. pi. 37, $ (1841); Strickl Ann. Nat. 
Hist. xx. p. 332 j Jard. Ami. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 332 (Tobago; ; 
8dater, P.Z.S. 1855, p. 157, 1856, p. 232, 1859, p. 139, 1860, 
pp. 274, 292; id. Byn. Av. Tan. p. 58', id. Cat. A. B. p. 75; 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. So. Phil. 1860, p. 141 (Turbo) ; Laivr. Ann. L. N 

Y. vii. p. 297 (Panama); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 325 (Colombia); 
Bel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 21; Hd. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 500 (Antioquia); 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, p. 545, ^1884, p. 290 (Ecuador"); Salv. 
et Godm. Biol. Cenfr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 277; Berl. J. f. 0. 1884, 
p 291 (Bucaramanga) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 4fe6; Tacz. et Berl. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 (Ecuador). 
Tanagia cselestes, Bio. Orn. Dr. pi. 41 (jr.) ? 
Tanagra swainsoni, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 3(54. 
Thraupis cana, Cab. Mas. Hein. i. p. 29. 
Tanagra sayaca, Bp. JRev. Zool. 1851, p. 170; id. Note s. I Tany. 
p. 21. 
Tanagra cyanoptera, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877. p. 320 (X. Peru). 
Tanagra (Aglaia) diaconus, Less. JRei\ Zool. Ib42, p. 175. 
Tanagra epi&copus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 116. 
Tanagra diaconus, Bclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 142, 233, 303, 1859, 
pp. 59, 364, 1864. p. 173; id. Byn. Av. Ta/i. p. 59; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 75; Bel. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 16, 1860, p. 33; iid. P.Z.S. 
1864, p. 350 (Panama), 1870, p. 836 (Honduras); Taylor, Ibis, 
1860, p. Ill; Salvin, P.Z. S. 1867, p. 138, 1870, p. 187 (Veragua); 
id. Ibis, 1872, p. 316 (Chontales) ; Laivr. Ann. L. N. Y. \iii. 
p. 175 (Veragua), ix. p. 99 (Costa Kica); Simiichrast, Mem. Bost 
Soc. N. H. i. p. 550 (Vera Cruz) ; Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, p. 298 
(Cobta Rica). 
Pale bluish grey, darker on the interscapulium; bluish on the 
rump, and in some specimens on the breast; wings and tail blackish, 
edged with greenish blue; upper wing-coverts bright shining blue; 
bill dark horn-colour ; feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 2*5, 
tail 2'7. Female similar. 

Eab. Southern Mexico, and throughout Central America to 
Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and K Peru. 

There are slight variations in the shades of the blue and grey in 
examples from different localities, but on the whole I am satisfied 
that the most reasonable plan is to refer all the birds from America 
north of Panama to this species, which extends southwards to 
Colombia and Western Ecuador. 

19 . TANAORA. 157 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Purchased. 

Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Purchased. 

Sclater Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Kellett and Wood 
[C.]. 
Kellett and Wood 
[C.]. 

a. J ad. sk. 
1. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
<?,/. Ad. sk. 

g. Ad. sk. 
h. J ad. sk. 
i. 2 ad. sk. 
j. J ad. sk. 
A. Ad. sk. 
1 Ad. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
w. c? ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p. Ad. sk. 
#. J ad. sk. 
r. 2 ad--s^*, 
t Ad. sk. 

u. Ad. sk. 
t>, w. d 2 ad. sk. 
#, y. Ad. sk.; 
Jr. sk. 

z. 2 ad.sk. 
a'. 2 ad. sk. 

h', c\ c? S ad. 
sk. 
^'. <$ ad. sk. 

6'. Ad. sk. 
/'. Ad. sk. 
g'. Ad. sk. 


h\ i'. Ad. sk. 
j'. Ad. sk. 
V, V. Ad. sk. 
tri. ri. Ad. sk. 

Orizaba, Mexico. 
Orizaba, Mexico. 
Mexico. 

Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blancamaux). 


British Honduras. 
Retalkuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Daenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Yaxcamnal, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Lanquin, Guatemala (Salvia). 
San Pedro, Honduras ( Whitely),


Irazu Distr., Costa Rica' 


(Roger8). 
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce).

Punta Arenas, Costa Rica 

(Salvin). 

Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica 

(Arce). 
Costa Rica (Qarmiol).
Santa F6, Veragua (Arci). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).
Veragua (Arce).


Paraiso Station, Isthmus of 

Panama (Hughes). 
Panama (McLeannari), 
Santa Marta. 


Santa Marta, Colombia 

{Simons)* 

Santa Marta, Colombia 

(Simons). 
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon), 

Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). 


Bogota. 
Bogota. 
San Esteban, Venezuela 


(Hanke)* 

Venezuela. 
Trinidad. 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Tobago ? 


o',V'. d 2 ad.sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). 
a\ r'. rf 2 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 

V. Ad.sk. Quito. 
t% u'. Ad. sk. Puna Island, Guyaquil (Villa


gomez). 
n'. Ad. sk. Loja, Ecuador. 

w'. Ad. sk. Choco Bay, Pacific coast of 
Colombia. 

5. Taaagra cyanoptera. 
Lindo saihobi, Azar. Fax. i. p. 370. 
Saltator cyanopterus, Vieill. Nouv. Bid. xiv. p. 104 ; id. Erie. Meth. 

p. 790. 
158 
TANAGRIDiE. 

Tanagra sayaca, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 484; Burm. Syst. TIeh. iiL p. 176 

(<$)\ &£ et Salv. P. Z. S. 3879, p. 600 (Bolivia). 

Tanagra virens, Sticld. Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 332 (1847). 

Aglaia episcopus, dOrb. etLafr. St/n. Av. i- p. 33. 

Tanagra episcopus. Hartl Lid. Az. p. 6; d'Orb. Voy. Ois. p. 274; 

Sw. Orn. Dr. pi.'89 (adult). 

Tanagra inornata, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 40 (jr.) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 238. 

Tanagra argentata, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 364. 

Tanagra proelatus, Less. Tr. dOrn. p. 402. 

Tanagra cyanoptera, Bp. JRev. Zool. 1851, p. 170; id. Note s. I Tang. 

p. 21; Sclater, P. Z.S. 185G, p. 233; id. St/?i. Av. Tan. p. 59; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 75; && et Salv. P. Z. & "1868, p. 139 (Buenos 
Ayres); iid. Nompncl. p. 21 ; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 114; 
Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 303 ; Berl J. f. O. 1873, p. 240. 
Thraupis cyanoptera, Cab. Mas. Hein. i. p.* 29 ; id. J.f. 0.1866, p. 305. 

Bluish grey with a greenish tinge above ; below much paler, 

especially in the middle of the belly ; wings and tail blackish, edged 

with greenish blue ; lesser wing-coverts bright shining blue (nearly 

as in T. cana); bill dark plumbeous; feet brown: whole length 

6-Q inches, wing 3*9, tail 2-8. Female similar, but rather less 

brilliant in colour, and lesser wing-coverts greenish blue. 

Hab. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Buenos Ayres, and Bolivia. 

The large size and greenish tinge on the head render this species 

readily distinguishable from T. cana. It is, howTcver, very difficult 

in some cases to decide whether specimens should be referred to this 

species or to T. sayaca. This is specially so in Bolivian and 

Argentine examples, where the blue of the lesser wing-coverts is 

not so bright as in specimens from Southern Brazil. 

a,b. J1? ad.sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Jbyner). 
c,d. d ? ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


e. d 
ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
f. 
Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Bio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 
g. Ad. sk. Bio Grande do Sul (Plant). Sclater Coll. 
h, i. <$ $ ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
j't k. 6 ? ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen (P.}. 
I, m. Jr. sk. Uruguay. Allan Peel [C.]. 

n. c? ad. sk. Oran, Salta, rep. Arg. (White). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o,p. S $ ad. sk. Oran, rep. Arg. (White). Sclater Coll. 
q. ^jr.sk. Misiones, rep. Arg. (White). Sclater Coll. 
r. Jr. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
&. Jr. sk. Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.]. 
t. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
u} v. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
x. Skel Brazil. 
Purchased. 
6. Tanagra sayaca. 
Tanagra 
sayaca, Linn, 8. N. i. p. 316; Burm. Syst. Tfeb. iii. p. 170 
($); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 208; JEuhr}J.f.O. 1867, p. 410 (nest 
and eggs). 

19 . TANAGEA. 159 
Tkraupis sayaca, Cab. Mus. Bein. i. p. 28 j id. J.f.O. 1866, p. 305. 

Tanagra cselestis, Sw. Orn. Dr. t. 41. 

Tanagra swainsoni, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 364. 

Bluish, grey, paler below; wings and tail blackish, edged with 
greenish blue; lesser wing-coverts dull greenish blue like the 
edgings of the wings; bill plumbeous; feet brown: whole length 
6 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Bab. Eastern Brazil; Pernambuco (Forbes). 

^ Br. Cabanis, in 1866 (J. f. 0. 1866, p. 305), first pointed out the 
distinctness of this species from T. cyanoptera, and soon afterwards 
obligingly furnished me with specimens. Although I am disposed 
to agree with his views, I find much difficulty in deciding to which 
form to refer some of the skins before me. Probably the young of 

T. cyanoptera closely resembles T. sayaca adult. 
a. Ad. ak. Ceara, N. Brazil (Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b} c. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (W. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Forbes). 
d. <$ ad. sk. Pernarnbuco, Brazil (W. A. Sclater Coll. 
Forbes). 
e. Ad.sk. Bania, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (NatSabin-
Godman Coll. 
terer). 
g>h. (S 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
i,j. Ad. sk. Brazil {Sello). ^ Sclater Coll. (Re


ceived from the Berlin Mus.) 

7. Tanagra glaucocolpa. 
Thraupis glaucocolpa, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 28 (1850)* Finschj 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 580; id. Orn. Delattre, p. 62. 
Tanagra cyanilia, Bp. CompL Bend, xxxviii. p. 383 (1854). 
Above bluish grey, darker on the head and back, lighter on the 
rump* wings and tail blackish, edged with greenish blue; lesser 
wing-coverts slightly more bluish : below paler; throat greyish 
white; breast and flanks glossed with violet-blue ; middle of belly, 
crissum, and under wing-coverts white; bill corneous • feet dark 
hazel: whole length 6*2 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*5. 

Bab. Yenezuela. 

Apparently quite distinct, as pointed out by Cabanis, and easily 
recognizable by its violaceous breast and the greenish-blue lesser 
wing-coverts. 

a. Ad. sk. Yenezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Purchased. ^ (Type of 
T. cyanilia.) 
8. Tanagra palmaram. 
Tanagra palmarum, Max. Beise, ii. p. 76 (1821); id. Beitr. iii. 
p. 489 * Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 234; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 60 j 
td. Cat. A. B. p. 76; Scl. et Sab. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 571 (Lower 
Amazons), 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru) et p. 262 (E. Peru), 1879, 
p. 600 (Antioquia) et p. 600 (Bolivia) • iid. Nommcl p. 21*. 
160 
TA.NAGRID2D. 

Pelz. 
z. Orn. Bras. p. 209 ; Lai/ard, Ibis, 1873, p. 379 (Para) ; Bon-
JZ, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 55 (Costa Rica) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 13 

card, _ 

(N.E. Peru); ^/ym, ito, 1885, p. 210 (Brit. Guiana). 
Thraupis palmarum, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 580 (Trinidad). 
Tanagra olivascens, Licht. BoubL p. 32 (1823); d*Orb. Voy.,Ois. p. 274 ; 
Sw. Orn. Br. pi 38; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 670; Burm. 
Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 175; Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 205; Tsch. Faun. 
Per., Ave*, p. 204. 

Thraupis olivascens, Cab. Mm. Rein. i. p. 28. 

Tanagra melanoptera, 
Rartl. MIS.; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 235, 
1858, p. 74 (Rio Napo; et p. 453 (Ecuador), 1860, p. 292 
(Ecuador); id. Si/n. Ao. Tan. p. 61; id. Cat. A. B. p. 76; Pelz. 
Om. Bras. p. 20J; Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 350 (Panama), 
1866, p. 180 (Ucayali), 1367, p. 749 (E. Peru), 1^68, p. 627 (Venezuela) 
; Salv. P Z.S. 1867, p. 133 (Verasma); Frantz. J. f. 0.1369. 

p. 298 (Costa Rica) ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 32 J (Colombia); Berlepsch, 
J. f. O. 1873, p. 243 (S. Oatharina) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 513 (C. Peru) ; Laior. Ann. Lyc. K T. ix. p. 99 (Verasrua). 
Tanagra p ilmaram viohlavata, Bert, et Tajz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 546 
(Ecuador). 
Tanagra palmarum melanoptera, Berl. J.f. 0.1^84, p. 291 (Ecuador) ; 
Taez. Orn. Per. ii. p. 486. 
Tangara e^eque, femelle, Desm. Tang. pi. V>. 


Olive-green, lighter on the head and darker on the back ; wings 

and tail brownish black: wing-coverts edged with olive like the 

back; bastard wing, remiges, and rectrices more or less margined 

with darker olive; under wing-coverts pale olive; tinder surface 

of wing-feathers towards their bases creamy white; bill dark horn


colour ; feet brown: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3. 

Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Bab. From S. Brazil and Bolivia northwards to Trinidad, Vene


zuela, Colombia, Panama, and Costa Bica. 

The western form (T. melanoptera) is hardly distinguishable 
as a species, as there are many intermediate grades ; but in general 
there are no olive-green edgings to the wing- and tail-feathers in 
western specimens. In Guianan skins these edgings are slightly 
manifest." 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a,b. S S ad.sk. Pernambuco (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Pernambuco (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wueheret*). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Sk. Brazil. ' M. Claussen [P.], 
h, i. S ad. sk.; Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
j. 2 ad. sk. 
(Varieties from captivity.) 
b. Subsp. melanoptera. 
a. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. Santiago de Veragua (Arab\ Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad.*sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama (Rughes). 
ej. d $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. £ $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

19. TASTAGRA. 
161 
L 2 ad. sk. Minca, U. S. of Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons). 
/. Ad. bk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
#. $ ad. sk. Bernedios, U. 8. of Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Bio Xapo. Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Bio xsapo. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. q. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. ($ ad. sk. Esmeralda's, Ecuador {Frater). Sclater Coll. 
s. (S ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru ( Uliitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Peru (JVfiitely). Sclater Coll. 
2(, v. Ad. sk. Cangalli, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u\ Ad. sk. Bolh ia. Sclater Coll. 

c. Intermediate 
forms. 
a. Ad. .k. Biiti^k Guiana (WJiitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. S 2 ac*-s^« Bartica Gro^e, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(TJlntely). 
d,e. cJ $> ad. bk. Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whittly). 
/. 
$ad.sk. Maroni 11., Surinam (Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Island of Mexiana, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll. 

y. 
Ad. sk. Amazons (Wallace). 
Island of Mexiana, Lower Sclater Coll. 
A. 
Ad. *k. Amazons (Wallace). 
Trinidad (?). Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. 
9. Tanagra ornata. 
Tanagra ornata, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, pi. 95; Sw. Orn. Br. pi. 42; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 238; id. Rev. Zool. 1651, p. 170; id. Note s. I. Tang. 

p. 21 (partim); Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 234; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 
p. 00; id. Cat. A. B. p. 76; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 21; Burm. 
iSyst. TJeb. iii. p. 174; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 303 (S. Paulo); 
Bed. J.f.O. Ib73, p. 242 (S. Catliarina) ; Feb. Orn. Bra&.y. 200. 
Tanagra archiepiscopus, Besm. Tan. pis. 17 et 18 ; Spi.r, Av. Bras. ii. 

p. 42, pi. 55. f. 1; 
Mew. Beitr. iii. p. 481 j Cab. in Schomb. Guian. 
iii. p. 070. 
Thraupis ornata, Cab. Mus. Bern, i. p. 28. ** 
Above olive-green, interscapulium darker, bead blue : wings and 
tail blackish, margined with olive ; lesser wing-coverts bluish, with 
bright yellow edgings : below grey, strongly washed with blue on 
the throat, breast, and flanks; under wing-coverts creamy white; 
inner margins of wing-feathers ashy ; bill black, feet brown : whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3. "Female similar, but rather paler. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Kio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Touds). 
b, c. 
$ ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. 
Ad. sk. Brazil {Joyner). 
Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
{Joyner). 
M 
VOL. XI. 

162 TANAGRIDJE. 

/. Ad.sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
CJJ h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
j) h. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
10. Tanagra abbas. 
Tanagra abbas, LicH. Preis-Verz. p. 2, no. 70 (1831); Sclater, 
P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 235, 303, 1858, p. 358,1&59. pp. 3U4, 378,1864, 
p. 173; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 61; id. Cat A. B. p. 7iJ; Sclater et 
Sakin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 836 (Honduras); hi. Xomend. p. 21; 
Smnichrast, Mem. Post. 8. N. H. i. p. 550 : Lmcr. Bull. V. S. 
Nat 31m. no. 4, p. 19; Salv. Cat Strichl. Coll. p. 189; Sah.et 
Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 278. 
Tanagra (Aglaia) yicarius, Less. Cent. ZooL pi. G8. 

Tanagra -ucarius, Bp. Consp. i. p. '238; id. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 11C: id. 
Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 171; id. Note s. I. Tang. p."J.2;Set et Salv. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 16 (Guatemala); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 59 
(Honduras); Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. Il l (Hondurasj. 

Thraupis vicarius, Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 29. 

Olive-green; inrerscapulinm darker, slightly variegated with 
black ; head blue ; wings and tail black; wing-coverts olive : primaries 
and secondaries crossed by a bright yellow band: below 
brighter and rather more yellowish ; throat tinged with bluish ; bill 
dark horn-colour, feet brown : whole length 0*5 inches, wing 3*9, 
tail 2*8. Female similar, but rather duller in colour. 

Hah. South Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk. 
Jalapa, South Mexico (de Oca). 
Mexico. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
<j. Ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (BlancaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
neaux). 
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Oahabon, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . 6" ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
'k. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz {Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Duefias, Guatemala {Salvin). 
Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Wliitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. Tanagra cyanocepliala. 
Aglaia cyanocephala, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 82. 

Tanagra maximiliani, d'Orb. Voyl, Ok. p. 270, pi. 23. f. 2. 

Tanagra cvanocepliala, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 36*4; Bp. Camp. i. p. 238; 

Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 205; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 230, et 1850, 
p. 139; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 62; id. Cat. A. B. p. 77; Scl et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 21; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 501 (Antioquia) et 
p. 600 (Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 513 (C. Peru), 1879, 
p. 227 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 13 (ISLE. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 490; 

Berl. et Tacz. P. Z.S. 1884, p. 290 (Ecuador). 
Thraupis cyanocephala, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 29. 


19 . TANAGKA. 
163 

Bubusia cyanocepkala, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157, et 1850 

p. 236. ' 
Bubusia auricrissa, Sclater, P. Z. 8,1855, p. 227. 
Tanagra auricrissa, Sdater, P. Z. S.1856, p. 236 j id. Syn. Av. Tan. 
p. 62; id. Cat. A. B. p. 77; 8cl. et Sab. P. Z. S. 1870. p. 780 
(Venezuela); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 326 (Colombia). 
Tanagra subcinerea, Sclater, P. Z. 8, 1801, p. 129; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 77 ; Liotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 296. 
Above dark yellowish olive, cap blue; sides of head blackish: 
below cinereous; flanks and crissum yellow, more or less tinged 
with olive ; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers 
bright yellow; bill dark horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 
6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. Andes of Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

In the Colombian form (T. c. auricrissa) the crissum is of rather 
a brighter yellow; in the Venezuelan bird (P. c. subcinerea) the 
under surface is rather more ashy. 

a. Subsp. tyjpica. 
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
^g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Itaniosani, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia. 
E. Peru (Tschudi). 
Punamarca, Peru (Jekki). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salviu-Godman Ooll. 
T. Bridge. [C.J. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Ooll. 
Sclater Coll. 
uj . 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villagomez) 
Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp. auricrissa. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
c,d. <?$ 
Bogota. 
Antioquia {Salmon). 
Retiro, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of T. auricrissa, Set) 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Canuto, Magdalena valley 
(Wyatt). 
Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
c. Subsp. subcinerea. 
a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
Venezuela. 
Trinidad. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of T. subcinerea, Scl.) 
Sclater Coll. 

12. Tanagra olivicyanea. 
Tanagra olivicyanea, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 69; Bp. Consp. i. p. 238; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 237; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 63; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 77; Scl. et Sab. Nomencl p. 21; iid. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 167 
(Venezuela). 
Tachyphonus olivicyaneus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 365. 
Bubusia olivicyanea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157. 

M.2 

TANAGKIDiE. 

Above dark yellowish olive; whole head and body beneath bright 
blue; crissuni yellowish olive; under wing-coverts and thighs sulphur-
yellow ; bill black; feet brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, 
tail 2*9. Female similar. 

Hah. Andes of Venezuela and Colombia. 
Like T. cyanocephala, but at once recognizable by the bright blue 
head and under surface. 
Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

a, b. Ad. sk. 

c. $ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goe-Salvin-G-odman ColL 
ring). 
d, e. Ad. sk. Venezuela (?). J. Gould, Esq. 


13. Tauagra bouariensis. 
Loxia bonariensis, Gm. S. iV. i. p. 850. 
Lindo celeste oro y negro, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 377. 
Tanaara striata, Gm. S.hT. i. p. 899; d'Orb. Toy., Ois. p. 273; Bp. 


Comp. i. p. 239 j JEtartl Ind. Az. p; 6; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 97 
(note), et 1856, p. 235 (partim); id. Cat. A. B. p. 77; Sclettialv. 
Nomencl p. 21; Ud. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 139 (Buenos Ayres), 1869, 

p.597 (S. Peru), 1879,p. 600 (Bolivia); White,P. Z. S. 1882, p. 596; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 489. 
Tanagra chrysogaster, Guv. Meg. Anim. i. p. 366 (1829) ; Puck Arch. 
Mus. Par. vii. p. 344. 
Aglaia striata, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 32; JDaricin, Zool Toy. 
Beagle, iii. p. 97 (partim). 
Tanagra darwini, Gray, Zool Toy. Beagle^ iii. pi. 34. 

Lores, region round the eyes, and back black; rump orange; 
head all round and edgings of wings and tail blue; abdomen 
yellow, passing into orange on the breast; bill horn-colour, lower 
mandible whitish; feet brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, 
tail 2*8. Female. Greyish brown; beneath paler, tinged with 
yellowish olive on the rump and throat. 
Hah. South Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine Eepubhc, and 

Bolivia. 
a. (S ad. sk. 
b. 2 ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Eio Grande do Sul (Plant). 
Sclater ColL 
Sclater Coll. 
c. d. <$ $ ad. sk. 
e,f. 6 2 ad« sk-
g. $ ad. sk. 
Uruguay. * 
Maldonado, Uruguay. 
Corrientes, Arg. Eep. 
(White). 
A. Peel [C.J. 
Burnett and Fitzroy 
[P.]. 
Sclater ColL 
h.
t. 
$ ad. 
c? ad. sk. 
Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. 
Pampas, Argentinas (Ley-
H. Durnford [C.]. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
hold). 
j , h* 6 $ ad, sk. Mendoza, Arg. Eep.
meister). 
(Bur-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. $ ad. sk. 
m, (S jr. sk. 
Ointi, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll 

20. SPINALIS. 
165 

14. Tanagra darwiui. 
Tanagra darwinii, 
Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 121; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, 
pp. 453, 551 (Ecuador), I860, p. 86, 1866, p. 97, 1867, p. 341 
(Lima); id. Cat. A. B. p. 76; Scl. et Salv. JSfomencL p. 21; iid. 

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 984,1868, p. 569,1869, p. 151, 1876; p. 16 (S. 
Peru), et 1879, p. 600 (Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z.81874, p. 513(0. Peru), 
1880, p. 195 (X. Peru), 1882, p. 13 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 488; BerL et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 290 (Ecuador). 
Tanagra frugilegus, Tack. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. 1, p. 286; id. 
Faun. Per. p. 204, pi. 17. fig. 1; Hartl. Rev. ZooL 1849, p. 498. 
Oalliste frugilegus, Pp. Consp. i. p. 236. 
Clirysothraupis frugilegus, Bp. Pev. ZooL 1851, p. 143; id. Note 

s. L Tang. p. 17. 
Aglaia striata, Darwin, ZooL Voy. Beagle, iii. p. 97, pi. 34 (partiin), 
Tanagra stiiata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 235 (partiin). 
Lores and line round the eye black; back olive-green; rump 
yellow; bead and neck all round, and edges of wings and tail 
blue; abdomen yellow; bill born-colour, lower mandible whitish; 
feet brown : whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2-9. Female. 
Above brownish olive; rump greenish; below paler, abdomen 
tinged with yellowish. 

Hab* Bolivia, Peru, and Western Ecuador. 
Often confounded with T. striata, but quite distinct and easily 
known by the olive back of the male. 

a. S ad. sk.
b, c. $ § ad. sk.
d. S ad. sk. 
Tilotilo, Yuugas, Bolivia(Buckley). 
Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Arequipa, S.W. Peru 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. £ $ ad.sk.
g. S ad. sk.
h, i. c? $ ad. sk.
y, Lc. £ 2 a^« sk.
'/, m. <$ J ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Western Peru (Tschudi). 
Maraynioc, Peru (JelsM). 
Sical, Ecuador (Bzwkley). 
Cuenca, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
L. Fraser [C.]. 

20. SPINDALIS. Type 
Spindalis, Jard. et 8elb. III. Om.'n. s. tab. ix. (1836).. S. nigiicephala. 
Spizampelis, Bryant, Proc. Bust. Soc. N. R. x. p. 253 
(1866) S. pretrii. 

This is a small group peculiar to the Antilles. It is hardly 
different in structure from Tanagra, but may be kept distinct conveniently 
on account of iis distribution and peculiar ornamentation. 
The male dress is of a brilliant orange, varied with black and white 
stripes and markings. The females are duller and distinct in 
plumage. The nest of S. mgrkephala, as described by Gosse, is 
open and cup-shaped, and placed in trees or shrubs. The eggs are 
spotted. 

166 
TANAGKHUE. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Kump olive like the back. 
Nape olive like the back 1. nigricepliala, p. 166. 
Nape orange 2. portoricensis, p. 167. 
B. Rump chestnut7 distinct from the back. 
Back dark olive. 
Nape yellow; belly yellow 3. multicolor, p. 167. 
Nape orange; belly white 4. pretrii, p. 168. 
Nape chestnut; belly white 5. benedict i, p. 168. 

Back black; nape chestnut 6. zena, p. 169. 

1. Spindalis nigrieephala. 
Tanagra nigrieephala, Jameson, Ed, N. Phil. Jour. xix. p. 213 

(1835); Gosse, III. B. Jam. pi. 56. 
Spindalis bilineatus, Jard. et Selb. 111. Orn. n. s. pi. 9 (1836). 
Tanagra zena, Gosse, B. Jam, p. 231. 
Tanagra zenoides, Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 40 (1847). 
Spindalis nigricepliala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856? 

p. 230, 1861, p. 74 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 56; id. Cat. A. B. p. 77; 
Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 21. 
Yellowish olive ; head, wings, and tail black; broad superciliaries, 

edgings of greater wing-coverts and remiges, and terminal spots on 

inner webs of outer rectrices white: below orange-yellow; throat 

black, with a large white patch on the chin, and a broad mystacal 

band on each side white; flanks and lower part of belly greenish 

yellow ; under wing-coverts and erissum white ; bill and feet black: 

whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3. Female. Above olive, 

more yellowish on the rump; wings black, edged with white ; tail 

blackish, with slight olivaceous edgings and white terminal spots on 

inner 
webs of outer rectrices : below yellow, breast passing into 

orange, flanks into olive ; throat grey; middle of belly, erissum, and 

under wing-coverts white. 

Bab. 
Jamaica. 

a. <? ad. sk. Jamaica. Purchased. 
b, c. <$ 2 sk. Jamaica. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ 
sk. Moneague, Jamaica {Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vin). 
e. 
d sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bry- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ant). 
f. d ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bry- Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
ant). 
9-? Metcalf Parish, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll. 


sk.

(Allen). 

h. 
2 a&- sk. Spanish Town, Jamaica Smiths. Inst. fP.1 
(Marsh), 
$ ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Sclater Coll. 
/• ¥ sk. Jamaica. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], 

20. SPIKDALIS. 
167 

2. Spindalis portoricensis. 
Spindalis portoricensis, Bryant, Boston Soc. N. H. x. p. 252 (1866) • 
Gundl J.f.O.1874, p. 311,1878, pp. 159,168; id. Anal Soc, Esp. 

H. JV. 1878, p. 188 ; Scl et Sab. Nomencl p. 21, 
Tanagra (Spindalis) portoricensis, Sand. K, Vet,-Ah, Fork, 1869 
p. 596. 
Above olive; head black; superciliaries white; nape orange-
yellow ; wings and tail brownish black, with slight white margins 
to the greater coverts and outer secondaries, and slight olive margins 
to the lesser coverts, primaries, and rectrices; bend of wings bright 
chestnut: below yellow, a large spot on centre of breast orange; 
throat black; large chin-spot white varied with black and yellow, 
and bordered on each side by a broad white mystacal stripe; lower 
belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts white; bill and feet blackish: 
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2-5. Female. Above olive; 
wings and tail brown edged with olive ; beneath greyish white, with 
blackish shaft-stripes on breast and belly. 

Hab. Porto Pico. 

Much smaller than S. nigricepJidla, and also recognizable by its 
distinct yellow nape and the chestnut spot on the bend of the 
wing. 

 Porto Rico

a,b. 6 2 *&• (SwifS). Sclater Coll. 
c, cl c? sfc. Porto Pico (Sicift). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


e. $ frk. Porto Pico (tiw'ift), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
acL sk Porto Eico

/> 9-6 ?-l&olft). Smiths. Inst. [P.]. 

3. Spindalis multicolor. 
Tanagra multicolor, 
Vieill. Enc, Meth, p. 775; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 100, 
pi. 76. 
Spindalis multicolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240; Mater, P. Z. S. 1856, 

p. 230; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 57; Salle, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 231; 
Cory, Bull. Mutt. Orn. Chb, vi. p. 152; id. B. of Haiti, p. 54, 
tab. 7 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 21. 
Tanagra dominicensis, Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xi. p. 92 
(I860). 

Above olive, rump chestnut, nape yellow; head black, with long 
white superciliaries; wings black, with white edgings to the greater 
coverts and secondaries and a dark chestnut spot on the bend of the 
wing; tail brownish black : below, chin and broad mystacal stripe on 
each side white; middle of throat yellow; sides of throat black; 
breast chestnut; belly yellow; flanks grey; crissum and under wing-
coverts white; bill and feet plumbeous: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3-4, tail 2-8. Female. Above olive; back slightly striated; 
wings and tail blackish brown, edged with olive; outer margins 
of wing-coverts whitish: beneath greyish white, clearer on the 
belly ; with blackish shaft-stripes on the breast. 

Hah. San Domingo. 
Easily known from its allies by the yellow belly. 


ad sk San

a,h. 6 2-- Domingo. M. SallS [O.]. 
o, d. 6 jr. sk. San Domingo (McGregor). Salvin-Godman Coll, 

1GS TAXAGBID-3E. 

4. Spindalis pretrii. 
Tanagra zena, cV Orb. La Sagrcfs Cuba, Zool. p. 74, t. si. 
Tanagra pretrei, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 103 ; id. Cent. Zool. p. 122, 


t. xlv. j 6V«y, Gen. B. ii. p. 30o. 
Spindalis pretrei, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240 ; Gundl J. f. O. 18oo, p. 476. 
1861, p. 858, 1802, p. 1&9, 1872, p. 410; Set et Salv. KomencL 

p. 21; Brewer, Proc. Bust. Soc. N. M. vii. p. 307. 
Spindalis zena, ScL P. Z. IS. 18-56, p. 231; id. Syu. Av. Tan. p. 57. 
Tanagra (Spindalis) pretrei, Gundl. J.f. 0. 1871, pp. 2G0; 275. 
Above olive, nape and rump orange ; head black, with long white 
snpereiliaries; wings black, with broad white margins to wing-
coverts and secondaries, and a white speculum on the primaries ; 
spot on bend of the wing chestnut; tail black, the three outer rectrices 
with a large part of the terminal halves white, but tipped 
with black: below reddish orange: chin and broad my&tacal stripe 
on each side white; middle of throat yellow, bordered on each side 
by a distinct black line; flanks greyish; lower belly, cris&um, and 
under wing-coverts white; bill plumbeous; feet blackish: whole 
length 5-5 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-3. Female. Above dirty olive • 
head blackish, with white superciliaries; wings black, edged with 
white; tail black, with a large part of the terminal halves of the 
outer rectrices white : below wThite, breast suffused with olivaceous • 

flanks greyish. 
Hah. Cuba. 
This fine species is nearest to S. zena, but distinguishable at onee 

by its olive back. 
a, b. <5 ad.; c,
d. J ad. sk. 
San Cristobal, Cuba (G. 
F. Gaumer). 
Salvia-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
5. Spindalis benedicti. 

Spindalis benedicti, Ridgw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Washington^ ill, (March 

18/d). 

Spindalis exsul, Salvin, Ibis, 188o, p. 189, pi. v. (April 1875). 

Above dark olive; nape and rump dark chestnut; head black 
with long white superciliaries ; wings black, wing-coverts and 
secondaries margined with white; a white speculum on the primaries 
and a dark chestnut spot on the bend of the wing; tail black, lar«-e 
portion of the terminal halves of the three outer rectrices white chin 
and broad mystacal stripe white; middle of throat yellow' 
bordered on each side by a black patch; breast chestnut, upper part 
of belly yellow; flanks cinereous; middle of lower part of belly 
erissum, and under wing-coverts white ; bill dark plumbeous • feet 
blackish: whole length 6* inches, wing 3*4, tail 2-0. Female. Above 
cinereous olive : wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts margined 
with whitish; speculum white; beneath much paler, middle of the 
belly whitish. 

Hub. Cozumel I., coast of Yucatan. 

21. RHiMPHOCCELUS. 
A very distinct species, which may be known from 8. zena by its 
dark olive back, and from S. pretrii by its dark chestnut nape*and 
rump, besides other characters. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Devis), (Type of Spindalis exsvl.) 
b-e. <5 ad. sk.; Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f-L J ad. sk. (G. F. Gaumer). 

6. Spindalis zena. 
Fringilla bahamensis, Briss. Orn. iii. 108 ; Caieshy, Car. i. pi. 42. 
Fringilla zena, Linn. 8. N. i. 820. 
Tanagra zena, Bryant, JProc. JBost. Soc. K H. vii. p. Il l (1859). 
Spindalis zena, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240 5 Peheln, Ibis, 1873, p. 29 ; Cory, 


B. of Bahamas, p. 92, cum tab. 
Above black ; nape-band and rump chestnut; long superciliaries, 
broad margins of wing-coverts and secondaries, and narrow edgings 
to primaries white; tail black, with a large portion of the terminal 
halves of the outer remiges and the tips of the others white; chin 
and broad mystacal stripe on each side white; centre of throat 
yellow, bordered on each side by large black patches which nearly 
meet below ; breast and tipper belly yellow, passing into chestnut on 
the upper part below the yellow throat; lower belly, crissum, and 
under wing-coverts white; flanks cinereous ; bill plumbeous, paler 
below; feet blackish : whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2*4. 
Female. Above olivaceous grey, wings and tail brownish black with 
white edgings : beneath paler; lower belly, crissum, and under wing-
coverts white. 

Hal. Bahama Islands. 
The black back at once distinguishes this species from its five 
congeners. 

#; &• 6 $ ad.sk. Bahamas {Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ac*.sk*

c, d. S 2 Bahamas {Bryant), Sclater Coll. 
e,f. S $ ad. sk. Bahamas {Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
g* $ ad. sk. Nassau, New Providence, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Bahamas {Cory). 

21. RHAMPHOCCELTTS. Type. 
Ramphoeelus {corr. Rhamphocoelus*), JDesm. Tang, et Man. 

sub tabb. 28, 29 (1805) R. brasilius, 
Ramphopis, VieilL Analyse, p. 82 (181G) R. jacapa. 
Jacapa, Bp. Bev. Z00L 1851, p. 178 R. jacapa. 

The Elmmphomli form a group of about 12 species, readily known 
by the brilliant scarlet- or yellow-and-black plumage of the males, 
and by the peculiar enlargement and coloration of the naked base of 

* I presume that the etymology of this term is pafi<f>os and KOTAOS, from the 
widening out of the base of the lower mandible. 
TANAGETDJE. 

the lower mandible, which is also most developed in the male sex. 
The sexes are always different. The BJwnipJiocceU are distributed 
through the forests of the Neotropical Eegion from Guatemala to 
Bolivia and Southern Brazil. 

B. hrasilius breeds among the grass in low swampy places and 
makes a flattish open nest. The eggs are greenish, spotted with 
red. The egg of E. flammic/erus is figured, P. Z. S. 1879, pi. xlii. 
fig. 3. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Lower surface uniform scarlet: 
j interscapulium scarlet 1. braszliits, p. 170. 
(interscapulium darker 2. dorsalis, p. 171. 

B. Lower surface scarlet, middle of belly black. 

a. Throat black 
3. nigrigularis, p. 171. 

b. Throat dark scarlet. 
a\ Interscapulium dark scarlet 4. dimidiatvs, p. 172. 
b'. Interscapulium black: 
j lower back scarlet 5. luciani, p. 173. 
(only upper tail-coverts scarlet 0. nropyyialis, p. 173. 

C. Lower surface dark maroon: 
j belly like breast but darker 7. jacapa, p. 174. 
(belly black 8. afrosn-keus, p. 175. 

D. Lower surface shining black. 

c. Rump scarlet: 
i smaller, wing 3*0 0. passeriuv, p. 170. 
| larger, wing 3*5 10. flammiyerus, p. 177. 
d» Rump orange . = 11. chrysouotus, p. 177. 

e. Rump sulphur-yellow 
12. icteronotu$7 p. 177. 

1. Rhamphocoeliis hrasilius* 

Tanagra brasilia, Linn. S. K i. p. 314; Gm. S. N. i. p. 888; Lath. 
hid. Orn. i. p. 420 j Max. Beitr. iii. p. 515: Dubois, Orn. Gal. 
pi. 124. 
Ramphocele scarlatte, Desm. Tang. tabb. 28, 29. 
Ramphocelus coccinem,, Vieill Ene. Meth p. 797: id. Gal. Ok. i. 

p. 106, pi. 79. 
Ramphopis coecinea, Sw. Orn. Dr. pis. 18,19. 
Ramphopis brasilia, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 303. 
Ramphocelus brasilius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 242; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, 

p. 127 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 51; id. Cat A. -5. p. 78 ; Burm. tiysf. 
Ueb. iii. p. 173; Scl et Salt. JVotnencL p. 21; Forbes, Ibis, 1^1, 

p. 333 (Pernambuco); Euler, J.f. 0.18(57, p. 409 (nest and e*w >; 
Cab. J.f. 0.1874, p. 83 (Rio). 
Brazilian Tanager, Lath. G. IE. vi. p. 3. 
Tangara du Bresil, Daub. PI FnL 127. fig. 2. 

Bright scarlet; wings, tail, and thighs dull black; bill black, 
base of lower mandible white; feet dark brown : whole length 
7*5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 3-3. Female. Brown; ramp and abdomen 
rosy rufous. 
Sab. S.E. Brazil, 

21 . RHAMPHOCCELXTS. 171 
a. S ad. sk. Brazil. Lord Stuart deRotheb. 
J ad. st.; c. $ Brazil.
say [P.]. 
Purchased, 
jr. st. 
d,e. $ § a&-s^-? Pernanibuco, Brazil (TF. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . d* jr. sk. j #.
$ ad. sk. 
.4. Forbes). 
A,«. 6s ad sk.;
/. $ ad. sk. 
h. $ ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Goxild Coll. 
/. d ad. sk.
m. S ad. sk.
n. $ ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk. 
Santa Fe, Minas Geraes(Rogers), 
Rio Clam, Goyaz, Brazil(Joyner). 
Novo Fribourgo, Eio deJaneiro (Touds). 
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Ebampboecelus dorsalis. 
Ramphocelus dorsalis, Scl. P. Z. S.1854. p. 97,1856, p. 127: id. Sim. 
Av. Tern. p. 51; id Cat A. B. p. 78. 
Ramphocelus ephippialis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 130 j id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 78; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 210 j Scl et Salv. Nbmencl. p. 21. 
Bright scarlet, interscaptdium darker, purplish ; wings and tail 
dull black; bill black, base of lower mandible white; feet dark 
brown: whole length 7inches, wing 3*4, tail 3-8. Female. Brown; 
rump and abdomen rosy rufous. 

Hah. South Brazil (prov. Parana, Watt). 
I think that MM. Yerreanx were in error as to the supposed 
locality of R. ephippialis^ and that this bird is the same as R. dorsalis, 

i. e. a southern form of B. hrasilius, of which batterer appears to have 
obtained specimens in the province of Parana. (Cf. Pelzeln, I. s. c.) 
c?,b. <$ $ sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of R. dorsalis.) 
Ci d. $ $ sk. Upper Amazons (?). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of R. ephippialis.) 

e. (S ad.sk. Brazil. P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
170


3. Rhamphocoelus nigrigularis. 
Tanagra nigrogularis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 35, pi. 47 (1825). 
Tanagra (Ramphopis) ignescens, Less. Cent. Zool. pi. 24. 
Ramphocelus ignescens, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1837, Ois. t. 81. 

amphopis nigrigularis, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 17; Gray, Gen. B. ii. 

p. 363. 
Ramphocelus nigrigularis, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 121; id. Consp. i. p. 242; 
Selat P. Z. S. 1856, p. 128; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 52; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 78 : Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 173; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 210; Scl. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 180, 1867, pp. 571,593,977 (Amazonia); 
iid. Nornencl. p. 21; Tacz. Orn. Per. i. p. 494. 
Bright scarlet; front, sides of head, throat, interscapulium, wings, 

172 
TANAGEIDiE. 

tail, middle of belly, and lower half of crissum jet-black; bill black ; 
base of lower mandible bluish white; feet black: whole length 
7 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3-2. Female similar, but of a duller red, and 
black portions of plumage tinged with brown; middle of abdomen 
brown. 

Ifab. Upper Amazonia and Western Ecuador. 

a. 2 ad.sk. Barra do Rio Negro (WalSclater 
Coll. 
lace). 
b. J ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro. Purchased. 
c. d. <5 2 a<*. gk. Pebas, Eastern Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ilauxwell). 
e. $ ad. sk. Ucayali (ffauxwell). Gould CoU. 
f. Jr. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru (Whitehj). Sehter Coll. 
g. 2 ad. sk. Yquitos, Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. cS ad. sk.
i. S ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Sarayaru, Peru ( Wlii 
Rio Javari. 
tely). Sclater CoU. 
Purchased. 
j> k-<S 2 a(^ ^Sarayaeu, 
Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. 2 ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Rhamphocoelus dimidiatus. 
Ranrpliocelus dimidiatus, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1837, t. 81; Bp. Consp, 
i. p. 242; Sclater, B. Z.S. 1855, p. 150, lt>50, pp. 129, 142 (Veragua), 
1858, p. 73 (Rio Napo); id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 53; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 79; Cassin, Br. Ac. Sc. BInl. 1800, p. 141 (Turbo); Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N.H. N. Y. vii. p. 831 (Panama), viii. p. 175 (David) ; 
Sol et Sah. B. Z. S. 1864, p. 350 (Panama;, 1808, p. 627 (Venezuela), 
1870, p. 780 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 501 (Antioquia); ihl 
Nomencl p. 21; Sah. B: Z. S. 1807, p. 138, 1870, p. 187 (Veragua); 
id. Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 191; Sah. et Godm. Ibis, 18N0, 
p. 120 (S. Marta); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 320 (Colombia); Sah. 
et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aces, i. p. 283; Ben 
•, J- /• o. 
1884, p. 291 (Bucaramanga). 
Ramphopis dimidiatus, Gray, Gen, B. ii. p. 363, 


Head and neck all round, with interscapulium and scapularies, 

dark crimson ; lower back bright scarlet; abdomen scarlet, with a 

blackish patch in the middle of the belly; thighs black; bill black, 

base of lower mandible bluish white; feet brown : whole length 

6*4 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3. Ftmale. Head and neck brown; 

interscapulium dull crimson; lower back and abdomen dull red; 

wings and tail blackish. 

Hab. Veragua, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

a. 2 ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
b. cf ad. sk. Mina Ohorcha, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 
<5 ad. sk. Cordillera del Cliucu, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
d. 2 ad. sk. Calovevora, Verairua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. (S ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman CoIL 
f. S ad. sk. Santa F£, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*g. $ ad. sk. Clnxiqui. Kellett & Wood [P.l. 
h, $ ad. sk. Isthmus of Panaum (Arce'). Salvin-Godman Coll 

21 . RHAJ>IPH0C<E1.TTS. 
173 

i,j. <S 5 a(i-s^* Isthmus of Panama {Mc- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Leannan). 
I'y I. 6 ? ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
Panama {Hughes), 

m. J ad. sk. Panama {Marhham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. 
5 ad. sk. San Antonio, U. IS. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Simons). 
o, p. S ad. sk. Eemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Sahnori\. 

q. J ad. sk. Antioquia, IT. S. C. {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coil. 
r, s. <$ $ ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll. 
2 acl sk

t.~» Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

u. g ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
v. d ad. sk. Zulia; Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Ehamphocoelus luciani. 
Ramphocelus luciani, Lafr. B. Z. 1838, p. 54; id. Mag. de Zool 1839, 
Ois. t. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 242 ,• Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 130; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 54; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 21; Laiur. Ann. Lyc. 
K H. K. Y. vii. p. 331 (Panama); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 494; 
Salv. et God?n. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 284. 

Ramphopis melanogaster, Sw. An. in. Men. p. 359 (1838) ? 
Ramphopis luciani, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 363. 


Head and neck all round dark crimson ; middle of back, wings, and 
tail black ; lower back and abdomen bright scarlet, with a large 
patch in the middle of the belly and the thighs black; bill black, 
base of lower mandible bluish white; feet black: whole length 
7*3 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3*2. Female. Above dark brown, wings 
and tail blackish; rump and body below reddish brown, throat 
darker. 


Hah. Panama, Colombia, and Peru. 

Allied to B. dimidiatus, but at once recognizable by its black 
back. In R. dimidiatus the back is of the same dark crimson as the 
head. 


a, b. <$ ad. sk. E. Peru {Farm). Sclater Coll. 
c, d. <3 $ ad. sk. E. Peru {Farm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

6. Rhamphocoelus uropygialis. 
Ramphocelus 
uropygialis, Bp. Bed. Zool 1851, p. 178; id. Note s. I 
Tang. p. 29; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, j . 130; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 54; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 79; Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 193; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl p. 21; Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Ares, i. p. 284, 

t. xviii. fig. 2. 
Ramphocelus affinis, lesson, R. Z. 1840, pp. 1, 133 (?). 
Above brownish black; lower part of rump and upper tail-coverts 
bright crimson; head and neck all round dark crimson; abdomen 
bright crimson, with a central patch on the belly and slight 
nammulations on the sides black; thighs black; bill black, lower 
mandible except the tip bluish white; feet brown : whole length 
6-8 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3-1. 

TANAGEIDJE. 

174 

Hah. Guatemala. 

This species is most like B. luciani, but at once recognizable by 

the blood-red uropygium and upper tail-coverts, the rest of the 

back being dark brownish black. The type specimen is at present 

unique. 

a. <$ sk. Guatemala. SckterColL (Typeof 
R. ziropygialis, Bp.) 
7. Ihamphoccelus jacapa. 
Tanagra jacapa, Linn. S. K. i. p. 813 j Gm. S. X i. p. bSS; Lath. 

2nd. Orn. i. p. 419. 

Ramphocelus purpureus, Tieill. Line. Meth. p. 796. 

Rampkopis atrococcineus, Sw. Orn. Br. pi. 20; Cab. i/i Sekmnb. 

Guian. iii. p. 668. 
Rarnphoeelus jacapa, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 132 ; Bp. Consp. I. 

p. 241; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 328; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p.52; id. Cat 
A. B. p. 78; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 172 ; Scl. et Sate. P. Z. S. 1800, 
p. 180 (Ucayali), 1867, pp. 571, 749,977 (Amazonia), 1869, p. 597 
(S. Peru) ; iid. Nomenct. p. 21; Layard, Ibis, 1*573, p. 379 (Lower 
Amazonia) ; Toes. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 14 (X.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 491; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 (Ecuador) ; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 210 (Brit. Guiana). 
Ramphopis jacapa, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 363. 
Rampliocelus venezueleiisis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 243; Sektter, 

P. Z. S. 1850, p. 129; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 53; id. Cat. A. B. p. 70; 
Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 107 (Venezuela). 
Rampliocelus rnagnirostris, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 243; Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1856, p. 129; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 53; id. Cat A. B. p. 70; 
Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 82 (Trinidad); Binsck, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 581 
(Trinidad). 
Ramphocelus unicolor, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 128, 1857, p. 19, 

et 1858, p. 453; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 52; id. Cat A. B. p. 79. 
Red-breasted Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 2. 
Tangara pourpre de Cayenne, Daub. PL JSnl. 128. 
Tanagra albirostris, Bodd. Tall. p. 8 (1783). 
Rampkocele bec-d'argent, De&m. Tang. tabb. 30, 31. 
Ramphocelus albirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 210. 
Ramphocelus atrosericeus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 211 (part.). 

Bark velvety black, more or less glossed -with, crimson ; head and 
neck all round and breast dark crimson, which is brightest on the 
breast and gradually passes into black on the belly; under wing-
coverts black; bill black, widened base of lower mandible bluish 
grey; feet black: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*9. 
Female. Dark brownish black; face, rump, and body beneath dark 
rosy rufous ; bill and feet brown. 

Hab. Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, 
Upper and Lower Amazonia, and Brazil. 

A more careful study of an extensive series of this Tanager has 
induced me to sink under one head three geographical foims which 
I formerly recognized. I cannot even make distinct subspecies of 
them. A specimen of Batterer's from Goyaz, referred by Herr v. 
Pelzeln to B. atroserwem, belongs also, in my opinion, to this 

21 . RHAMPHOCCELTJS. 
175 
species, although it is nearly black on the back, But I have seen 

similar examples from other localities. 

a. <$ ad. sk. 
b. ? ad. sk. 
c. d. S $ ad. sk. 
e, f. S ad. sk. 

g. <$ ad. sk. 
h. <S ad. sk. 
i. <$ ad. sk. 
j, k. 6 S ad. sk. 
/. $ ad. sk. 

m. § ad. sk. 
n, S ad. sk. 
ot <$ jr. sk. 
7;. S ad. sk. 

r/, r. d $ ad. sk. 
a, t. <$ ad. sk. 

M. S ad. sk. 
y, w. 6 2 a(l-s^cfc'? 
y, z. S ad. sk. 
a\ S ad, sk. 

6'. £ ad. sk. 

<?'. c? ad. sk. 

British Guiana. 
British Guiana. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 


(WhMy). 

Rorainia, Brit. Guiana 

(WMtely). 

Georgetown, Brit. Guiana 

(Broion). 

Cayenne. 
Oyapoc; Cayenne. 
Mexiana, Lower Amazons 


( Wallace). 
Para, Lower Amazons 


{Wallace). 

Para, Lower Amazons 

( Wallace). 
Amazons (Wallace). 
Nauta, Amazons. 
Pebas, Eastern Peru (Haux


welt). 

Rio Napo. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Ecuador. 
Bogota. 


Bogota. 
Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer), 
Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). 


Purchased. 
Roy
RoyRoy.
.. Geogr 
GeogrGeogr. 
.. Soc. [P.], 
Salvin-Godman 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

L. Fraser [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. (Types 
of M. unicolor.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 

(B. magnirostris.) 
d'. 
e'. 
f-
S ad. sk. 
<$ ad. sk. 
S ad. sk. 
?i'. S ad. sk. ; 
i'. $ ad. sk. 
Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela (Salle). 
Trinidad. 
Trinidad. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 

8. Ehamphoccelus atrosericeus, 
Ramphocelus atrosericeus, Lafr. et dVOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 34; d'Orb. 
Toy., Ois. p. 280, pi. 26.*fig. 1; Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 206; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 242; id. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 121; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, 

p. 130; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 54; id. Cat. A. B. p. 79; ScL et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru), 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru), 1879, 
p. 600 (Bolivia); tit. Nomencl p. 21; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 512 
(nest) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 493. 
Ramphopis atrosericeus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 303. 
Ramphocelus aterrimus, Lafr. R. Z. 1853, p. 244 (jr.). 

Dark velvety black; head and neck all round down to middle of 
breast dark crimson ; bill black; whole base of lower mandible 
bluish grey; feet black: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3-2. 

TAKAGRID^E. 

176 

Female. " Blackisli; rump, breast, belly, and crissum reddish brown » 
(d'Orb.). Young male. Nearly uniform brownish black. 
Bab. Bolivia and Southern Peru. 
Distinguishable from Kjacajpa by the absolutely black back and 
belly. 
Sclater Coil. 

«, 5. c? ad. sk. Bolivia. 

Sclater Coll. 

c. $ ad. sk. Bolivia {Bridges). 
T. Bridares X1.]. 
c?, e. d $ ad. sk. 

Bolivia. 

Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

f,g. 6 2 ad.sk. 

Raniosani, Bolivia {Buckley). 

JSclater Coll. 

7*. <$ ad. sk. 

Ramosani, Bolivia (Buckley). 

Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

£ J" ad. fek. 

Bolivia. 

Purchased. 

j. S ad. sk.; 
Bolh ia. 

k. <$ jr. sk. 
9. Rhamphocoelus passerinii. 
Eamphocelus passerinii, Bjp. Antologia, 18:31, no. 130,p. 3; id.Comp. 
i. p. 242; Less. Bev. Zool 1840, p. 133 <excl. syn.j ; Sclater, 
P. Z S. 1850. pp. 130, 142; id. &yn. Au. Tan. p. 54; id. Cat A. 
i?. p. 79; Sclat. et Sab. Ibis, 18-59, pp. o, 1<5, et 1800, p. 32 (Guatemala) 
; Hd. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 278 (.Mcwquitia), 1870, p. 830 (Honduras) 
; nd. Komencl. p. 21; Sabk, Ibi*, lSoi), p. 4t>7, 1872, 
p. 316 (Ckoutales); id. P.Z.S. 1*07, p. 138, et 1870? p. 187 
(Veragua); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 50 (Honduras): Cab. J. f. 0, 
1860, p. 330 (Costa Rica); Taylor, Ibis, 1^50, p. 111 (Honduras) ; 
Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 299 (Costa Rica); Salt, et Godm. Biol. 
Cenbr.-Am.) Aves, i. g."261 • Laicr. Ann. L. X. T. viii. p. 175 
(Chiriqui) et p. 179 (Mcaragua), ix. p. Ud (Costa Rica). 
Rampkopis passerinii, Bp. Xotes Orn. p. o± 
Rampkopis nammigerus, Baird7 Stambury's Frp. to Gt. Salt Lake, 
App. p. 330 ? 

Velvety black; louver half of back and tipper tail-coverts bright 
crimson-red; bill bluish lead-colour, darker at tip: feet black: 
whole length 6*2 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2*7. Female. Above yellowish 
olive, darker on. the interscapulium; wings and tail brownish 
black ; head and neck all round greyish brown ; abdomen yellowish 
olive tinged with grey. 

Hab. Central America, from Honduras and Guatemala to Chiriqui. 

a,b. c$2 ad. sk. Coban, Guatemala. Purchased. 
c, d. 2 a(*-sk* Ckoctura, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. (S ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vera Paz,Guatemala (Sabin). 
/. <$ ad. sk. Belize (Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. 3 jr. sk. Honduras. 
E. L. Layard [C.]. 
h. <$ ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Wliiiely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ij. $ ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k,l d 2 ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. <$ 2 ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
o, p. $ 2 &<*• &k.La Barranca, Nieoya, Costa Salvin-G* dman Coll. 
Rica (ArcS). 

q. 
6 jr. sk. San Carlos, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godma i Coll. 
miol). 
21 . BHAXPHOCCELITS. 
177 

r. Jad.sk. Costa Tdcs, (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. 
$ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. S ad. sk. Nicaragua (Nutting). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
u. (S jr. sk. Minca Chorea, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
%w. 6 ? ad.sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
10. Ebampboccelns flanrmigerus, 
Eamphopis flammigerus, Jard. et Selh. III. Orn. iii. pi. 131 (1835); 
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 803. 
Ramphocelus flammigerus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157, et 1856, 

p. 131; del. Syn. Ar. Tan. p. 55; id. Cat. A. B. p. 79 ; Scl. et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 501 (Antioquia) ; ild. Xomencl. p. 21. 
Ramphocelus varians, var. 3, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 217. 
Yeivety black ; lower back and upper tail-coverts bright crimson-
red ; bill bluish, lead-colour ; feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 
3-7, tail 3-2. Female. Above brownish black; lower back crimson-
red, not so bright as in male : below yellow, passing into crimson on 
breast and crissum; throat greyish. 

Eab. Colombia. 

The larger size distinguishes this species from B. passerinii. 

a, b. <$ &&. sk . j Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 

c. <$ ]r. sk. 
d, e. & 2 ad. Colombia (Belattre). E. "Wilson, Esq. [ P.]. 
f,g. (S ? ad. &k. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. J ad. sk.; Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. S jr* sk. 
/, h. (S J ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
1. $ ad. &k. Antioquia (Salmon). Gould Coll. 
11. Rhamphoecelus chrysonotus, 
Ramphocelus varians, var. 2, Lafr. It. Z. 1847, p. 216. 
Ramphocelus chrysonotus, Lafr. R. Z. 1853, p. 246; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 157, et 1856, p. 131; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 55 ; Scl. et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 501 (Antioquia). 
Yeivety black ; lower back and tipper tail-coverts bright orange-
red ; bill plumbeous; feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*4, 
tail 3. 

Uab. Colombia. 

This may possibly be only a variety of B. chrysonotus, from which 

it differs merely in the colour of the lower back. 

a. S ad. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. (S 2 ad. Antioquia (Sahnon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
12. Rfcamphocoelus icteronotus. 
Ramphocelus icteronotus, 
Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 121; id. Bev. Zool. 
1838, p. 8; Sclater, B.Z.S. 1855, p. 157, 1856, p. 131, 1859, 

p. 139, et 1860, pp. 05, 66, 274, 292; id. Syn. Av. Tern. p. 55; id. 
Cat A. B. p. 80; Cassin, Br. Ac. Sc. Bhl 1860, p. 141; Later. 
Ann. Lyc. iV. Y. vii. p. 297 (Panama) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864 
VOL. xi. 
^ 

TABTAGRIDiE. 

(0. Peru); Berl. et Tacz. r. Z. &. ia&3, p. o-io, eE ico^t, p. zuu 
(W. Ecuador); /Sir/fo. £z5 6W;». i?*o/. Centr.-Amer., Ave$9 i. p. 282. 
Eampliopis icteronotus, JDuBus, JEsq. Orn. t. xv. ; Gray, Gen. B. il. 
p. 3(53. 
Ramphocelus varians, var. 1, Lqfr. R. Z. 1847, p. 216. 
Yelvety black : lower back and upper tail-coverts sulphur-yellow; 
bill plumbeous : feet black; whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3*2. 
Female. Blackish brown; lower back and body beneath pale sulphur-
yellow. 

Hah. Yeragua, Western Colombia, and "Western Ecuador. 

a. S ad. sk. Santiago de Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. S 
ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Panama (Hughes). 
c. d. 3 2 ad. sk. Isthmus of Panama (Arce), Salvin-Gnflman Cull. 
euf. cS $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gl S ad. sk. Choco Bav, Colombia. Capt. Kdlett n\A 
Lieut. Wood T.]. 

h. 
(S ad. sk. Sallango, Colombia. Capt. KJdiett " and 
Lieut. Wood ~C.]. 
i. 
(S ad. sk. Guayaquil (Capt. Belcher, Gould Coll, 
R.N.). 
j. 
(S jr. sk. • k, I Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser l"C.\ 
Pull.sk. " "* 
m, n. <S 2 ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
o, p> 6 $ ad. sk. Santa" Rita, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 

gomez). 

a. 
2 ad. sk. Remedios, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. $ ad. sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. d ad. sk. Bogota. 
Gould Coll. 
22. PHLOGOTHEATTPIS. T 
Phlogothraupis, Sel et Sah. Nomencl. p. 155 (1873).. P. sanguinolenta. 
This monotypic form, of Central America, is allied to RJiamjJioccehis; 
but the sexes are coloured alike, and there is no denudation 
or enlargement of the base of the lower mandible. 

1. PMogothraupis sangninolenta. 
Tanagra (Tachyphonus) sanguinolentus, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 107, pi. 39. 
Tackyphonus sanguinolentus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 365. 
Ramphocelus sanguinolentus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 242 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 

1856, pp. 132, 303, et 1859, p. 377 ; id. Si/n. Ai\ Tan. p. 50; ?V7. 
Cat. A. P. p. 80 j Sclat. et Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 16; w& P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 278 (Mosquitia), 1870, p. 836 (Honduras); Lawr. Ann. 

L. N. Y. ix. p. 99 (Costa Rica); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 59 (Peten); 
Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 316 (Ohontales); Frantz. J.f. 0. I860, p. 199 
(Costa Rica); Sumichr. Mem. Boston Soc. 2V". JS. L p. 549 (Vera 
Cruz). 
Phlogothraupis 
sanguinolenta, Sel. et Sah. Komencl. p. 21; Sah. et 
Godni. Biol Centr.-Am., Axes, i. p. 285. 

23 . CAL0CH2ETES. 
Dull black ; back of bead and neck behind united to a broad band 
on the breast, and upper and under tail-coverts and under -wingcoverts 
scarlet; bill uniform plumbeous; feet dark brown: whole 
length 7*2 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3-5. Female similar. 

Hob. Central America, from Southern Mexico to Costa Rica. 

a. Ad. sk. S. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. S ad. si d. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvi?i). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 ad. sk. 
e. Jr. sk. Vera Paz (Salviri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Belize (Blcmcaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
h. Ad. sk. Honduras. D. Dyson [C.]. 
i,j. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h'. S ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
I. Ad. sk. Navarro, Costa Rica (Cooper). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7i. Ad. sk. Central America. Purchased. 

23. CALOCILETES. 
Type. 
Euchates, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 73 C. coccineus. 
Calochretes, Scl Ibis, 1879, p. 388. C. coccineus. 

Structure of Calochates. 

This is another monotypic form, of brilliant scarlet plumage, only 
N 2 

180 
TAffAGBIDJE. 

yet met with, in Eastern Ecuador. The bill is shorter and stouter 
than in Rhamphoccelus, and the terminal notch in the upper mandible 
more developed. The tail is short and rather squared. 

1. Calochsetes coccuiens. 
Euchastes coccineus, ScL P. Z. S. 1838, p. 73, t. cxxxii. fig. 1; Scl et 
Salt). Nomencl. p. 22. 
Calochsetes coccineus, ScL Ibis, 1879, p. 388. 


Brilliant scarlet; lores, line round the eyes, sides of face anterior 
to eyes, throat and neck in front, and wings and tail black ; bill 
black; feet dark brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2-5. 

Hal. Eastern Ecuador; Bio Eapo. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad sk. Eastern Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
c-e. 
Ad. sk. Chi^uinda, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 

y. TArTAGRINJE SETIROSTRES. 
Although there are bristles at the gape of all or nearly all the 
Tanagrincs, more or less manifest on close inspection, the rictal 
setce are more developed in this section of the Tanagrbw than in the 
others. In TricJiothraupis this is especially the case, as its name 
indicates. The median notch of the upper mandible which prevails 
in many genera is another sign that these birds much affect 
an insect diet. 

The present section embraces 55 species of Tanagers, which I 
refer to 11 genera. They are spread over the whole Tanagrine area 
of the Neotropical Region, and four or five members of the genus 
Pyrcmga have become more or less permanent denizens of the 
Nearctic Region. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Culmen slightly inflexed; terminal hook 
slight; gonys slightly ascending 24. PYBANGA, p. 181. 
B. 
Culmen much inflexed; terminal hook 
distinct. 
a. 
Gonys quite straight. 
a'. Bill longer 25. CYANICTEKUS, p. 193. 
V. Bill shorter: 
l: 
l: 
j commissure regularly curved 26. OKTHOGONYS, p. 198. 
J commissure festooned 27. CHLOEOTHKAUPIS, 
b. Gonys more or less ascending. [p. 194. 
c'. Bill moderately long, broad at base . 28. PHCBNICOTHBAUPIS, 
d'. Bill slender,lengthened, compressed: [p. 195. 
gonys ascending rapidly at the 
tip 29. LANIO, p. 201. 
gonys slightly ascending through


out 
30. TACHYPHONTJS, p. 205. 

24 . PYRANGA. 
181 
. Bill short, stout. 

a". Median tooth distinct: 
J bill widened at base 31. CRETTBGOPS, p. 215. 
{bill not widened 32. MALACOTHBAUPIS, 

b". Median tooth obsolete ; [p. 216. 
| rictal bristles slight 33. EUCOMBTIS, p. 217. 
} rictal bribtles strong 34. TBICHOTJIBAUPIS, 

[p. 220. 
24. PYEAHGA. 
Type. 
Piranga, Vieill Ois. de VAm. Sept. vol. i. pref. p. iv (1807) .. P. rubra. 
Pyranga, Vieill Analyse, p. 32 (1816) P. rubra. 

Phoenisoma, Sw. Class. Bii*ds, ii. p. 284 (1837) P. rubra. 
Phcenieosonia, Cab. Mm. JZein. i. p. 24 (1850) P. rubra. 
The genus Pyranga contains a series of about 16 species, the 

males of which are known by their brilliant scarlet dress, which in 
the females is replaced by yellow or olive. Three of the species 
visit the North-American continent for breeding-purposes, and thus 
attain a more northern range than any other members of the family. 
The others are distributed through Central and South America down 
to the Argentine Republic. 

In some species of Pyranga the tooth in the middle of the commissure 
is very prominent (P. bidentata), in others (P. erythrocephala) 
it is almost or quite obsolete. 

The Pyntngce of the United States build in trees, making an open 
nest, and lay bluish eggs spotted with reddish. 

Key to the Species. 

A. General plumage, including wings, red. 
a. Interscapuliuni red. 
a!. Bill pale brownish; commissure not 
toothed. 
i 
Head red, uniform with back 1. c&stiva, p. 182. 
t Head lighter than back 2. cooperi, p. 184. 


b'. Bill dark, commissure toothed. 
a". Commissure strongly toothed; colour 
above uniform. 


a"'. Above rich brick-red: 
I below similar, but lighter 3. testacea, p. 184 
| below rosy on throat and belly .. 4. hamalea, p. 185. 

b'". Above darker brick-red 5. fiylina, p. 185. 
b". Commissure indistinctly toothed; 
head and rump lighter than back.. 6. saira, p. 185. 

b. Interscapulium more or less cinereous. 
c'. Auriculars reddish 7. .azarce, p. 186. 
d'. Auriculars greyish . 8. hepatica, p. 186. 
B. 
General plumage ashy; wings and tail 
reddish 9-roseigwlaris, p. 187 
C. 
General plumage red j wings black. 
a Wings uniform black 10. rubra, p. 188. 
182 
TANAGKID^). 

d. Wings barred with white. 
e'. Interscapulium red: [p. 189. 
J front black 11. erytkromel&na, 
( front scarlet 12. ardens, p. 100. 

/'.. Interscapulium spotted with black 13. bidentata, p. 190. 

D. Sody yellow; head more or less red. 
e. Interscapulium black 
14. ludomciana, p. 191. 
/ . 
Interscapulium green: 
J lesser wing-coverts yellow 15. riibriceps, p. 192. 
1 lesser wing-coverts green 16. erythrocephala, 


[p. 192. 
1. Pyranga aestiva. 
Muscicapa rubra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 326. 
Tanagra sestiva, Gm. S. N. i. p. 889 • Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 422; 
Wilson, Am. Orn. i. p. 95; t, vi. figs. 3, 4 ; Aud. Om. Biogr. i. 

p. 232, v. p. 518, t.xliv. 
Tangara du Missis&ipi, Daub, PL JSnl. 741 (?). 
Tanagra mississipensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 889. 
Le Tangara du Missis&ipi, Desm. Tang. tt. 32, 33. 
Tanagra coccinea, JBodcl Tall. d. PL JEnL p. 46. 
Summer Tanager, Lath. G. II. vi. p. 8. 
Tanagra variegata, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 421. 
Variegated Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 9, t. xeiii. 
Pyranga sestiva, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxviii. p. 291; id. Ene. Meth. 
p. 799; Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 117; id. Consp. i. p. 241; Sclater, 
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 156,1856, pp. 123,142, 303, 1858, pp. 73, 358, 
1859, p. 364, et 1860, pp. 65, 293 (Ecuador); id. Syn. Av. Tan. 
p. 47; id. Cat. A. B. p. 80; Sclat. et Salt. Ibis, 1859, p. 15 
(Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 350 (Panama), 1867, p. 278 
(Mosquitia), 1870, p. 836 (Honduras), et 1879, p. 502 (Antioquia) ; 
iid. NomencL p. 22; Gundl.J.f.O. 1859, p. 298, 1861, p. 328, 
1872, p. 421 (Cuba); Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. Ill; Jones, Nat. 
Bermud. p. 31; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 140 (Turbo) ; 
Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 479 (Texas); Frantzius, J. f. O. 1869, 
p. 299 (Costa Rica); Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 139 (Veragua), 
et 1870, p. 187 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 316 (Nicaragua) ; 
id. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 191; ffidgw. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1869, p. 130 ; 
Lawr. Ann. L. N. Kvii. p. 297 (Panama), viii. p. 175 (Ghiriqui). 
et ix. p. 99 (Costa Rica); id. Bull. U. S. N. M. no. 4, p. 19 (S.W. 
Mexico); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 326 (Colombia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 227 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii p. 494; Leotaud, Ois. 
Trin. p. 290 (Trinidad); Sumichr. Mem. Bost S. K H. i. p. 550 
(Vera Cruz); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 200, et 1880, p. 121 (S. 
Marta) ; iid. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aces, i. p. 289; Boucard, P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 443 (Costa Rica); Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 546 
(W, Ecuador); Berlepsch, J.f.O. 1884, p. 292 (Bucaramanga); 
Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 (Ecuador) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 210 (Brit. Guian.). 
Phoenicosoma sestiva, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 25: id. J. f. O. 1855. 
p. 477 (Cuba). ' 
Phoenisoma sestiva, Cab. J.f.O. 1860, p. 329 (Costa Rica). 
Pyranga estiva, var. sestiva, Baird, Breio., et Ilidyta. N. A. B. i. 
p. 441. 
Nearly uniform rosy scarlet, rather lighter below, and rather 

24 . PYKANGA. 
183 
darker on the interscapulium; wings ashy, with margins abovo like 
the back; under wing-coverts rosy; tail-feathers ashy, strongly 
tinged with scarlet; bill pale horn-colour, without any well-marked 
tooth on the commissure; feet brown: whole length (yo inches, 
wing 3-8, tail 2-8. Female. Above olive, wings and tail blackish, 
margined with olive ; below yellowish. 

Hub. N". America (as a summer visitant), and southwards throughout 
the Antilles, Mexico, and Central America, to Colombia, Ecua


dor, and Peru (in winter). 

N. America. 
a. S jr. st. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
l. 
$ jr. bk.; d. J 
ad. sk. 
e. d jr. sk. 
/. 2 ad. sk. 
(/. $ ad. sk. 
h, i. <$ § ad. sk. ; 

j. S jr. sk. 
k-o. $ ad. sk.; 
p. 
2 ad. sk. 
q. $ ad. sk. 
r. 
S ad. sk. 
s. 
2 ad. sk. 
t. S jr. sk. 
u. <$ jr. sk. 
v. 2 ad. sk. 
w. <$ ad- sk. 
x. $ ad. sk. 
y. S jr. sk. 
z. S ad. sk. 
a\ b'. $ 2 a(l-sk* 
c', d. S 2 ad- sk 
e'. <$ ad. sk. 
f. S ad. sk. 
g\ 2 ad. sk. 
h\ a. <$ 2 ad-sk* 

f. $ ad. sk. 
k'. tf ad. sk. 
I', tf ad. sk. 
m'. $ ad. sk. 
n'. S jr. sk. 
o\ $ ad. sk. 
p\ $ ad. sk. 
q', r'. S 2 ad. sk. 
s\ $ ad. sk. 
t'. 2 ad. sk. 

N. America. 
Illinois (Coale). 
Philadelphia (Krider). 
Texas (Coale). 
Mexico. 
Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). 


Cozumel Island, Yucatan 

(G. F. Gaumer). 
Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Tactic, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Savana Grande, Guatemala 
(Salvin), 
Livingston, Guatemala (Salvin). 


San Pedro, Honduras 

(Whitely). 
Ohontales, Nicaragua (Belt). 
Nicoya, Costa Rica (Arce). 
A tiro, Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). 
Chiriqui, Veragua {Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). 
Santa F<5, Veragua (Arce). 
Chepo, Panama (Arce). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Santa Marta (Simons). 
Medellin, U. S. C. {Salmon). 
Antioquia (Salmon). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Bio Napo. 
Ecuador (Buckley). 
Ecuador. 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Bogota. 
Roraima, British Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

J. Taylor, Esq,. [P.]Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

184 
lANAGBLDJS. 

2. Pyranga cooperi 
Pyranga cooperi, Ridgw. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1869, p. ISO; Salv. et Goclm. 
"Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 290. 
Pyranga sestiva, var. cooperi, Baird, Breic, et Rldr/w. X A. B. i. 

p. 444; Lator. Mem. Bost. Sac. N, H. ii. p. 273 (Mazatlan). 
Pyranga 
sestiva, Finsch, Abh. not. Ver. Bremen, ii. p. 338 (X.W. 
Mex.). 

Like P. cestlva, but rather larger in size ; bill longer ; bead, rump, 
and body below rather brighter: whole length 8 inches, wing 4-2, 
tail 3*5. Female. Similar to P. cestlva, but paler in colour. 

Hob. Western Mexico, and Rio Grande and Colorado districts of 
the United States. 
I consider this barely more than a subspecies of P. cestlva, but I 
follow Messrs. Salvin and Godman in allowing it the higher rank. 

a. S ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman . Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
c. J ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
3. Pyranga testacea. 
Pyranga testacea, Set et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 388 (Veragua), 
et 1879, p. 502 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 22 ; Ridgw. Pr. Ac. 
Se. Phil. 1869, p. 133; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 187 '(Verasrua); 
Zekdon, Cat. Aves Costa Rica, p. 7; Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.Am., 
Aves, i. p. 292, t. xix. %g. 1, 2. 

Pyranga hepatiea, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 139 (Veragua). 
Phoenisoma azarse, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 206. 
Pyranga azarse, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514, 1877, p. 332, 1879, 


p. 227, 1880, p. 195, et 1882, p. 14; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 495 
(Peru). 
Above nearly uniform dark testaceous red; wings dark ashy, with 
margins like the back: below brighter, almost scarlet, rather darker 
on the sides; under wing-coverts rosy ; tail testaceous red throughout 
; bill dark, with a strong median tooth on the commissure ; feet 
brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3-1. Female. Yellowish 
olive ; below yellow, more cinereous on the flanks. 


Eab. Prom Nicaragua and Costa Eica southwards to Colombia, 
Ecuador, and Bolivia. 
Southern males (from Bolivia and Peru) are rather brighter in 
colour, but not otherwise distinguishable. 


a. tf jr. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll 
b. 2 ad. sk. Costa Rica (Van Patten). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. tf ad. sk. OMtra, Veragua (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. <$ jr. sk. Santa F6, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(/, h. 3 2 ad. sk. Concordia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*. § ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
;. $ ad. sk. Concordia, U. S. C. (Sal- Sclater Coll. 
mo?i)t 

24 . PYRANGA. 185 
h. <$ ad. sk.
I S ad. sk.
m, ?i. S ad. sk.
o. $ ad. sk. 
Jiina, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Chiriraoto, Peru (Stohmann). 
Cinti, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Cangalli, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Pyranga kaemalea. 
Pkcenisonia azarae, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. G68. 
Pyranga hepatica, Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 291. 
Pyianga lisemalea, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, lSSo.-p.20o; Salv. IbisASSo, 


p. 211 (Brit. Guian.). 
' 9 
Above dark testaceous red, nearly as in P. testacea ; below rather 
more of a blood-red than in P. testacea, and lighter on the throat 
and belly : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*1. Female. 
Above olive; below yellow, passing into olivaceous on the breast 
and flanks. 

Mob, Guiana, Yenezuela, and Trinidad. 
A very close ally of P. tatacea, and, in my opinion, a rather doubtful 
species. 

a, h, c. <$ ad. sk.; Horaima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. 2 ad. sk. (Whifely). (Tvpes of P. hcemalea.) 

f. 2 ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. 
tf jr. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
J ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
5. Pyranga figlina. 
Pyranga saira, var. testacea, Baird, Brew., et Ridyw. N. A. B. i. 
p. 434. 
Pyranga figlina, Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 293. 
Similar to P. testacea, but red colour not so bright and of a 
browner tint; ear-coverts brown. Female. Like the female of 

P. 
testacea, but duller in colour. 
Hah. British Honduras and pine-ridges of Guatemala. 
a. 2 
ad.sk. Pine-ridge of Poctum, Guate- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mala (Salvin). 
b. 2 ad- sk- Guatemala. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
6. Pyranga saira. 
Tanagra mississipensis, Licht. DouU. p. 30; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 521. 
Tanagra saira, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. pi. 48. %.!($). 
Pyranga saira, Sclater, P. Z. S, 1856, p. 124; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 

p. 48; id. Cat. A. 
B. p. 80; Salv. Cat Strichl. Coll p. 192; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 211; Sol et Salv. Komencl. n. 22. 
Pyianga coccinea, Burm. Sy&t. Veb. iii. p. 171; id. J. f. 0. 1860, 

p. 253. 
Phoenicosoma azarae, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 25. 
Bright rosaceous scarlet above and below ; interscapulium and 
margins of wings and tail darker; under wing-coverts rosy red; 
bill dark plumbeous, commissure indistinctly toothed; feet dark 

186 
TAtfAGKID-E. 

brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3. Female. Olive, 
front and sides of head and body beneath yellow. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

There is a considerable contrast between the bright head and 

rump and the darker 
back in this species, and the red is much 

brighter than in P. teskwea and its allies ; but the back is not cine


reous as in P.azarce and P. liepatica. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk.; c. J Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk.; d. tfjr.&k. 

e. $ 
jr. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Sul (Joytier). 
f. $ ad. &k. Rio, Brazil. SeLtter Coll. 
g. <5 jr. sk.; h. $ ad. sk. 
Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
7. Pyranga azarse. 
Saltator ruber, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 792 ($), et S. flavus, ej. p. 791 

($), ex Azara. 

Pyranga mississippien&is, cVOrb. et Lafr. Si/n. Av. i. p. 31. 

Pyranga azarse,d Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 204 ; Bp. Convp. i. p. 241; IZidr/iv. 

Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1869, p. 13:2; Set. et 8alv. P. Z. S. Ib79, p. (501 

(BoMvia) ; White, P. Z. S. 18bS, p. 37 f Arg. Rep.): 8akia7 Ibis, 

1880, p. 3o3 (Arg. Rep.); id. Cat, Strickl Coll p. 192. 

Pyranga coccinea, Buna. La Plata Reibe, ii. p. 479. 

Above dull rosy red; in terse apulium and wing-edgings with a 

decidedly cinereous tinge: below much brighter, nearly uniform 

rosy red, rather duller 
on the sides; biE dark plumbeous, with a 

very slight commissural tooth; feet; dark brown : whole length 7"2 

inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*1. Female. Greyish olive; beneath yellow, 

passing into cinereous on the flanks and belly. 

Hab. Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia. 

Apparently quite distinct from P. saira, as above pointed out, and 

most nearly related to P. liepatica, but of smaller size. 

a. S ad. &k. Uruguay. Alan Peel rC.]. 
b3 c. <$ ad. sk.; d} Cordova, Arg. Rep. Sclater Coll. 
e. 2 ad.sk. (White), 
f. 
$ ad. &k.$ g. <$ Cordova, Arg. Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.sk. (White), 
h. $ ad. sk. Salta, Arg. Rep. (Bum- Purchased. 
ford). 
I <$ ad.; J. $ ad.; Salta, Arg. Rep. H. Dun-ford [C.]. 

k. <$ jr. sk. 
I S jr.; m. 2 ad. sk. Tucuman (Durnford). Purchased. 
n, o. S ad. sk. Cinti, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p, q. d ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 
8. Pyranga liepatica. 
Pyranga liepatica, 
Sio. Phil Maq. n. s. i. p. 488 (1827); Sclater, 
PZ.S. 1856, p. 124, 1857, p. 213, 1858, p. 803, 1859, pp. 304, 
377, 1864, p. 373 (Mexico); id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 48; id. Cat. A. 

B. p. 81 j Sclat et Salv. Ibis, lfco9, p. 15 j iid. A amend p. 22 j Baird, 
24. PY1UNGA. 
187 

B. N. Am. p. 30:2; 8mnichr. Mem. Bod. Soc. N. II. i. p. 549 
(Vera Cruz); Bidyio. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1809, p. 132; Later. Mem. 
Bost. Soc. K K. ii. p. 274 (N.W. Mexico); id. Bidl. U. 8. N. M. 
no. 4, p. 19; Ridgw. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1869, p. 132 ; Baird, Brew., 
et Ridgw. N. A. B. i. p. 440,-Salv. Cat. 8trickl. Coll p. 192; Salv. 
et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am., Aves, I p. 291. 
Plicenicosoma hepatica, Cab. Mm. Bern. i. p. 25. 
Plicenisoraa dentata, Licht. in Mus. Berol 
Pyranga azaras, Sitgreave's Bep. p. 82 (New Mexico). 


Above dull rosy red, with a strong cinereous tinge on the back 
(except the rump), cheeks, and scapularios; wings dark cinereous, 
edged with dull rosy red; tail dull cinereous tinged with rosy red, 
with brighter margins : below bright rosy red, flanks washed with 
cinereous; bill dark plumbeous, with a slight median notch; feet 
clear brown: whole length 8 inches, wing 4*1, tail 3-3. Female. 
Above olive, front yellowish, lores blackish; beneath yellowish olive. 

Hub. Arizona, Mexico, and Guatemala. 

Nearest to P. azarce, but of larger dimensions, and with greyish 

cheeks and a more decidedly cinereous tinge on the back. 

a, b. c? jr. sk. Arizona (Henshaiv). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Villa Alta, Mexico {Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. ($2 ad. sk. Mexico City. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
V? &• <S 2 Orizaba, Mexico (Botieri). Purchased. 
a^* sk*

i. g ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
j. J ad. sk. Mexico. 
J". Gould, Esq. 
k. <$ jr. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. Pyranga roseigularis. 
Pyranga roseigularis, Cabot, Bost. Joarn. N. II. v. p. 416; Selat. 
P. Z. S. 1857, p. 6; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 125, t. 3; Scl. et Sah. Ibis, 
1859, p. 15; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 327, 1885, p. 190 ; Laior. Ann. 
N. Y. Ac. Sc. ii. p. 245 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 443; Salv. d 
Godm. Biol Centr.-Am., A ms, i. p. 293. 
Above dark cinereous; cap and maz-gins of wing and tail dark 
rosy red: below pale cinereous; throat, middle ol abdomen, and 
crissum rosy red; bill pale brown, with a slight commissural tooth; 
feet brown : whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-7. Female. 
Above dark cinereous, cap, wings, and tail washed with yellowish; 
beneath pale cinereous, throat and crissum wrashed with yellowish. 

Hab. Yucatan. 

A very well-marked and peculiar species, apparently confined to 

Northern Yucatan and Cozumel Island. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Chem Jonat forest, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Gaumer). 
h. <5jr.sk. Tzalam, Yucatan (Gawner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Jr.'sk. Cozumel Island (Devis). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d-f. 
<$ ad. sk.; g-i Cozumel Island (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Gaumer). 

188 
TANAGKID2E. 

10. Pyranga rulbra. 
Tanagia rubra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 314; Gm. S. N. i. p. 889 ; Lath. Did. 

Orn. i. p. 420; Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 42, t. si. figs. 3, 4; Aud. 

Orn. Biogr. iv. p. 388, t. cccliv.; Desm. Tang. t. 34. 

Tangara ciu Canada, Daub. PI. JEnl. 156. fig. 1. 

Red Tanager, Lath. G. II. vi. p. 5. 

Pyrauga rubra, &w. Korth. Zool, ii. p. 273; Jard. Wils. Am. Orn. i. 

p. 10:2; Bp. Camp. i. p. 241; ticlater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 156, 1856, 
p. 
123, et 1858, p. 73; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 47 ; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 
80; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 187 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, 
p. 316 (Olio a tales); id. Cat. fStricld. Coll. p. 191; Gosse, B. 
Jamaica, p. 235 ; Jones, Nat. Bermud. p. 31; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 3o2 (Panama), 1879, p. 501 (Antioquia), 1879, p. 601 
(Bolivia) ; iid. Nomenci p. 22 ; Dresser, Ibis, i860, p. 479 (Texas) ; 
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1 iii. p. 331 (Panama), ix. p. 99 (Costa Rica); 
Smnichr. Mem. Bost. Sac. N. H. i. p. 550 (vera Cruz); Baird, 
Breiv., et Ridijw. N. A. B. i. p. 435; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 514 
(0. Peru); Giaidl. J. f. 
O. 1859, p. 298, 1861, p. 328, et 1872, 
p. 421 (Cuba); Frank. J.f.O. 1869, p. 299 (Costa Rica); Salv. 
et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 287; Berlepsch, J.f.O. 
1884, p. 292 (Bucaramanga) ; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 
(Ecuador); Boiward, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 5o (Costa Rica), 1883, 
p. 443 (Yucatan). 
Phoenieosoma rubra, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 24: id. J. f. 0.1855, p. 477 
(Cuba). 
Pyranga 
erythromelas, Vieill. JSTozw. Diet, xxviii. p. 293; id. JEnc. 
'MM. p. 800. 

Above and below scarlet; wings and tail black ; bill horn-colour, 
feet brown : whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3*8, 'tail 2'8. Female. 
Olive, beneath more yellowish; wings and tail brown. 

Bab. Eastern rT. America (in summer) and throughout the 
Antilles and Central America to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and 
Bolivia (in winter). 

a, b. S S ad. sk. N. America. Duke of Sussex [P.]. 
c,d. $ j ad. sk. Niagara. J. Gould, Esq. 
e,f. S ad.sk.; g. $ Michigan. Prof. Steere [P.]. 

ad. sk. 

h, i. S $ ad. sk. Pennsylvania. Sclater Coll. 

j. 2 ad. sk. Illinois (Coale). Sclater Coll. 
'k. $ ad. sk. Illinois (Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
I. $ 
ad. sk. Rockport, Ohio {Kirt-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
land). 
m. § ad. sk. Washington (Drexler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n-q. 
<$ ad. sk.; r, s. Cozuniellsland, Yucatan Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
$ ad. sk. (G. F. Gaumer). 

t. 
<$ jr. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u. 
(S jr. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Pagers). 
v. 
d sk. Calovevora, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Aree). 
w. 
S ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, PaSalvin-
Godman ColL 
nama (McLeannan). 
x. 
S ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
24. PYRiNGK. 
189 
y. d* jr. sk.
z, a'. (S jr. sk.
b'. <$ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Remedios, U. S. C. 
Sclaier Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c1. $ ad. sk.
(Salmon). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador 
(BucUey). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d'. $ jr. sk.
e'. (5jr.sk. 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Pillon, Bolivia (BucUey). 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. Pyranga erythromelsena. 
Tana^ra erytkromelas, Licht. JPreis-Verz. d. Saug. u. Vdg. no. 0>9 
(1831). 
Pyranga leucoptera, Trudeau, Jouvn. Acad. Philad. viii. p. 1G0 (1837); 

Bp. Consp. i. p. 241. 
Pyranga bivittata, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1842, p. 70. 
Pyranga erythromelsena, Sdater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 126,303, 1859, 

"p. 364, et 1864, p. 173 (Mexico); id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 50 ; id. Cat 
A, B. p. 81; Set et Salv. Ibis, 1850, p. lo (Guatemala); iid. 
Mmenel. p. 22 ; Salv. Ibi% 1860, p. 100,1801, p. 147 (Guatemala) ; 
id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 87 (Chiriqui); id. Cat. Sfrichl. Coll. p. 102; 
Later. Ann. L. N. T. ix. p. 99 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, 

p. 299 (Costa Rica); Sumichr Mem. Bost. Soc. N. II. i. p. 549 
(Vera Cruz); Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 295. 
Phoenieosoma bivittata, Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 24. 

Scarlet; front, lores, space round the eyes, chin, wings, and tail 
black ; mterscapulram more or less varied with black; tips of 
greater and lesser wing-coverts white, forming two white bars ; bill 
and feet black: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*2. 
Female. Olive, beneath yellowish; wings and tail brownish black; 
wing-coverts with white spots as in male. 

Hah. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama. 

a, h. <$ J ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sdater Coll. 

c. $ ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Hoge). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Purchased. 
e. c? ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
/. 
<$ ad. sk. Savanna Grande, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 

g. S jr. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala(Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. S ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Rastiche, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. J ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
'h. 
(S ad. sk. Barranco Hondo, Guatemala Sclater Coll. 
(Salvin). 

I. 
(J ad. sk. Belize, British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Blancaneaux). 
m. S ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. ? ad. sk. Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad sk

o,p. S 2--Volcano of Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

q. 2 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
190 TANAGBTD-aE. 

12. Pyranga ardens. 
Phceniaoirm ardens, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, i. p. 287. 
Pkoenisoma bivittata, Tsch. Faun. Per., 0J*. p. 207. 
Pyranga erytaromelas, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 156. 
Pyranga nixW Sclater, P. Z. >$. 1856, p. 12(3, 1859, p. 139 (W. 


Ecuador) ; id. Si/n. Av. Tan. p. 50; id. Cat A. B. p. 81; Sd. et 
Salv. J\ z. S. 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela) ; iid. Komenel. p. 22; 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 820 (Colombia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 14 

(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 497; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1883, p . 546 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 18 
(Ecuador) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 211 (Porainia). 
Scarlet; lores , scapularies, wings, and tail black ; tips of greater 

and lesser wing-coverts white, forming two white cross bars; bill 

and feet blac k ; whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*2. 

Female. Olive ; wings and tail blackish, with two white cross bars 

on the wing-coverts ; beneath yellowish. 

Hal. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Eoraima, British 

Guiana. 

Closely allied to P. erythromela-na, but distinguishable by the 

black colour on the face being confined to the lores. 

a, h. (S 2 a(^- s&- Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

c, d. $ 2 ad. sk . Bogota. Purchased. 

e. S ,F- sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
ft 9; <$ 2 a^. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Prase?-). Sclater Coll. 
h, i. <$ ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. <$ ad. sk. Peru (Stolzmann). ' Sclater Coll. 
'k. $ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C."|. 
I. o* ad. sk. CaripS, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-G*oaman Coll. 
m, n. $ 2 a^-* s&* Poraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 


o. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
13. Pyranga Tbi&entata. 
Pyranga bldentata, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 428; Bp. Consp. i. p. 241 -
Sclater, _P. Z. S. 1856, p. 126,' 1857, p. 205, et 1859, p. 364; id. 
Syn. Av. Tan. p. 50; id. Cat. A. B. p. 82; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1860, 


p. 32 (Guatemala); iid. Nomencl. p. 22; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 
1865, p. 171 (Costa Pica) -Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 187 (Chiriqui); 
Lawr. u&nn. L. N. Y. ix. p. 99 (Costa Pica); id. Mem. Bost. Soc. iV". 
H.n. -p. 274 (Tres Marias I.) * Sumichr. Mem. Bost. Soc. K H. i. 
p. 549 ("Vera Cruz); Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, p. 299 (Costa Pica); 
FinscJi, udLbh. not. Ver. z. Bremen, ii. p. 388 (N.W. Mexico); 
Grayson, Fr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 281 (Tres Marias I.) ; Salv. et 
Godm. JBiol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 296. 
Pyranga sanguinolenta, Lafr. Bev. Zool 1839, p. 97; Bp. Consp, 

i. p. 241. 
Phoenicoso:ma bidentata, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 24. 
Rosy scarlet ; interscapulram yellowish brown variegated with 
black; wings brownish black; tips of greater and lesser wing-
coverts and of outer secondaries white; tail brownish black, three 

24 . PYEANGA. 
101 
outer rerniges tipped with white; bill corneous ; feet brown : whole 
length 7*3 inches, wing 4, tail 3*2. Female. Olive, beneath 
yellowish olive : interscapulium variegated with black; wings and 
tail brownish black; greater and lesser wing-coverts tipped with 
white. 

Hah. Mexico and Central America, south to Chiriqui. 

a. $ ad. sk. 
Mexico. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 
S ad. sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca), Sclater Coll. 
d. 
3 jr. sk.; e. $ Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Purchased. 
ad. sk. 
f, g. <$ 2 a&- sk. Tres Marias I., W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Forrer). 
h, i. <S $ ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Saltin). 


6 F- sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. 
c? ad. sk. Barranco Hondo, Volcan de Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Fuego (Salvin). 
1 <? jr. sk. Barranco Hondo, Volcan de Sclater Coll. 
Fuego (Salvin). 
m,, n. (S S ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Pica (Boc/ers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


0. 
cJ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Frantzius). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. $ ad.sk. Parita, Costa Pica ( Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a<^-s^


r. 
S $S. slope of Volcano of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqui (AreS). 
14. Pyra&ga ludoviciaua. 
Tanagra ludoviciana, Wils. Am. Orn. hi. p. 27, pi. 20. fig. 1. 
Pyranga ludoviciana, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 117; id. Consp. i. p. 241; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 125, 1857, p. 218, 1859, p. 377, 1862, 

p. 19 (Mexico) ; id Syn. Av. Tan. p. 49; id. Cat A. B. p. 81; Sclat. 
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 15 (Guatemala); iid. Nomencl. p. 22 ; Baird, 
B. N. Am. p. 303; Sumichr. Mem. Boston Soc. K H. i. p. 550 
(Vera Cruz); Lawrence, Bull. U. S. N. M. no. 4, p. 19 (S.W. 
Mexico) ; Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 205 ; Baird, Brew., et JRidgw. N. 
Am. B. i. p. 437; Salvin, Cat. Sirichl. Coll. p. 192; Salv. et Godm. 
Biol Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 297. 
Tanagra columbiana, Jard. Wils. Am. Orn. i. p. 317. 
Pyranga erythropis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxviii. p. 291; id. Enc. Meth. 


p. 799. 
Yellow; head and throat more or less strongly stained with 
scarlet; interscapulium, wings, and tail black ; greater and lesser 


•wing-coverts tipped with yellowish, forming two conspicuous bars; 
bill pale horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 6*7 inches, wing 
3*9, tail 2*9. Female. Olive, beneath yellow; wings and tail 
blackish; tips of greater and lesser wing-coverts and of outer 
secondaries white. 
Bab. "Western K America, Mexico and Guatemala. 

a. 
S ad. sk.; b. West slope of Rocky Moun- J. K. Lord, Esq. [O.]. 
5 ad. sk. tains. 
c. 
S ad. sk. Vancouver Island. J. K. Lord, Esq. [C.]. 
TAJSTAGRTDiE. 

192 

d. 2 ad-sk- Oregon, U. S. A. (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 
(S ad. sk. Yreka, Siskayou, Cal., U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(llnlle). 
f. 
cjjr.sk. Camp Lowell, Arizona, U. S. A. Sclater Coll. 
{Stephens). 
g. li. S $ ad. sk. Southern U. S. Sclater Coll. 
i, j. (J jr., $ sk. Orizaba, Mexico. Purchased. 
A\ r? fr. sk. Off St. Bias, Mexico. Capt. Kellett and Lt. 
J Wood [C.]. 
l-7i. Jr. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


15. Pyranga rabriceps. 
Pyrans-arubriceps, Gray, Gen.B.ii. p. 364, pi. 89; Dp.Rev. Zool 1851, 
p. 178; id. Note s. I. 'Tang. p. 29 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. Iboo, p. 156, et 
1850, p. 125; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 49; id. Cat. A. R. p. 81; Sel et 
JSalv. P. Z. S. 1879,'p. 502 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 22 ; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 195 (X. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 490 ,• Tacz. 
et Berl P. Z. 81885, p. 81 (Ecuador). 
Pyranga erytkrocephala, Gray, Gen. App. p. 16 (en*.). 
Pyranga pyrrhocephala, Jfassena, 218. 


Bright yellow; whole head and nape and body below down to 
the middle of the breast bright scarlet; win^s and tail black, lesser 
wing-coverts yellow; outer secondaries and tail-feathers slightly 
edged with olivaceous ; bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 
7 inches, wing 3*0, tail 3. Female. Like the male, but the scarlet 
colour of the head only extending to the nape and throat. 


Hah. Colombia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
5. J ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d,e. 6 $ ad. sk. Medellin, IT. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
/ . c? ad. sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g,h. S $ ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (BucTdey). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
16. Pyranga erytkrocephala. 
Spermagra erythrocephala, Sw. Phil Mag. 1827, p. 4^7. 
Pyranga cueullata, JDu Bus, Btdl Acad. Brux. xiv. pt. 2, p. 105 
(1847) ; id. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 245; Bp. Camp. i. p. 241. 

Pyranga erythrocephala, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 178; id. Note s. I 
Tang. p. 29 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 125, 1859, p. 377 (Oaxaca), 
1864, p. 173 (City of Mexico) ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 49: id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 81; Ru Bus, Rsq. Orn. t. 32; Scl et Salr. 'Nomend. 
p. 22 ; Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am.. Aves, i. p. 294: Ridqio. 
Ibis, 1883, p. 400. 
Olive-green, beneath yellow; head and throat all round scarlet; 
lores black: whole length 2*9 inches, wing 3, tail 2*7. 
Hal. Tableland of Mexico. 

a. <J ad. sk. 
Mexico (Salle). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. (S jr. sk. 
Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk. 
Juquila, Mexico (Salle). Purchased. 
25. CTANICTEBUS.—26. ORIHOGONrs. 193 
25. CYANICTERUS. 
Cyanicterus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240 (1850) (j. venustus. 
Callithraupis, Berl. Orn. Centr. 1870, p. 63 0. venustus. 

The single species of this genus is closely allied to Pyranga, but 
has a longer bill, with the culmen more incurved, and is clad in 
purple and yellow instead of scarlet. It is peculiar to the interior 
of Guiana and Cayenne. The sexes are quite different. 

1. Cyanicterus veaustus. 
Pyranga 
cyanictera, Vieill. N. D. d'E. N. xxviii. p. 290 (^ jun.) ; 
"id. Enc. Meth. p. 798; id. Gal. Ois. p. 112, pi. 81; Gray, Gen. 

B. ii. p. 364. 
Pyranga icteropus, Vieill. K. D. clH. N. xxviii. p. 291; id. Enc. 
"Meth. p. 799 ; Fuck. Arch. Mm. Par. vii. p. 356. 
Tachyphonus chloricterus, Vieill. N. D. d'H. N. xxxii. p. 360 ( § ); 
id."Enc. Meth. p. 804?r"; Puck. Arch. Mm. Par. vii. p. 379. 
Tachyphone a epaulettes bleues, Less. Tr. d' Orn. p. 463 (§ ) ; Puch. 
Arch. 3Ius. Par. vii. p. 378; pi. xxii. 
Cyanicterus venustus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240. 
Orthogonys C} anicterus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 8; id. P. Z. S. 

1856, p. 122; id. Si/n. Av. Tan. p. 46; 8cL et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 22; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 211. 
Callithraupis cyanictera, Berl. Orn. Centr. 1879. p. 63; id. J.f.O. 
1879, p. 206. 

Above bright purple-blue; wings and tail black with blue margins 
; lores black; below, throat and breast purple-blue as above; 
abdomen bright yellow; bill black; feet pale flesh-colour: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3. Female. Above greenish blue; 
wings and tail blackish margined with blue ; sides of the head and 
body below yellow ; bill pale horn-colour; feet yellowish. 

Hab. Cayenne and Guiana. 

a, S-d $ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Purchased. 

c. 
$ ad. sk. Meruine Mt., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Wiitehj). 
d) e. <$ ad. sk.; Merume' Mt., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
/. $ ad. sk. ( WMtely). 
g^ 
$ ad. sk. Mazaruni Eiver, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
{im Thurm). 

k. J ad. sk. British Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
26. ORTHOGONYS. 
Type. 
Orthogonys, Stricld. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 421 (1844).... O. viridis. 
This form is closely allied to the preceding, but has a more 
rounded tail, and the sexes are clad alike in a dull yellow and olive 
dress. It is peculiar to S.E. Brazil. 

VOL. xi. 
° 

194 
TA-ISTAGBIDJE. 

1. Ortliogonys viridis. 
Tanagra viridis, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 36, pi. 48. fig. 2. 
Ortliogonys viridis, Shield. Ann. N. H. xiii. p. 421; Bp. Comp. i. 


p. 331 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 185(5, p. 122; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 46; 
^ . Ctaf. -4. B. p. 82; ifa/'w. Sgst TJeb. iii. p. 170; P^fe. Or/*. 
j?ras. p. 211; Sel. et Sab. Xomencl^. "22-, Bed. J. f. 0. Ic573, 
p. 243 (St. Catharina) j tfafo. 6V. $rwU CJL p. 103. 
Tanagra vegeta, Lkht. in Mus. Berol 
Above olive-green ; wings brownish black, margins like the back ; 

tail nearly uniform olive ; beneath, yellowish olive; bill dark horn


colour; feet pale brown : whole length 8 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*5. 

Female similar. 

Eab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen IT.]. 
b, c Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . ^ ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g, h. $ ad. sk. Rio Grande do Sul (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

hJ' 
6 $ ad- sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Joyner). 
h Skeleton. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 

27. 
CHLOEOTHBAUPIS. 
Type. 
Clilorothraupis, Midgw. Br. U. S. N. 3L 1883, p. 412 ... . C. earmioli. 
Under this term Mr. Eidgway has lately separated some uniform 

olive species formerly assigned to Ortliogonys, of which we know 
little at present. The bill is shorter and stouter than in Ortliogonys, 
and more like that of some species of Pyranga. 

Key to the Species* 

A. 
Colour above olive-green. 
Lores and rim round the eye olive 1. earmioli, p. 104. 
Lores and rim round the eye yellow 2. oliuarea, p. 19-5. 
B. Colour above brownish olive / 3. hiohmamii, p. 19o. 
1. CMorothraupis earmioli* 
Phcenicothraupis earmioli, Later. Ann. Z, A". T. ix. p. 100 (Costa 
Rica); Sol. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 180, 780 (S. Peru) j hi. 
Nomencl p. 22,- Salmn, Ibis, 1869, p. 313; Tacz. Orn. Ber. ii 

p. 499; Mdgzo. Br. TJ. S. N. M. 1883, p. 411 (Costa Rica) : Front*. 
J.f.O.n. 1869, p, 299 (Costa Rica). 
Chlorothraupis earmioli, Sah. et Godm. Biol CentraAm.. Aves, I 
p. 299, t. xx.fig. 1. 
' 
Uniform olive; below rather paler; throat slightly tinged with 

yellowish, and obscurely freckled with dark striations; 'bill and 

feet dark plumbeous: whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2-6. 

Eab. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Peru. 

The Central-American specimens are rather darker below, and it 

28 . PHCENICOTHRATJPIS. 
is possible that the Peruvian examples assigned here may belong to 

C. stolzmanni. 
a. $ ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica {CarSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
miol). 
b. Ad. sk.
c. 3 ad. sk.
d. e. 3 ad. sk. 
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). 
Cosnipata, Peru. (Whitely), 
Coanipata, Peru (Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Chlorothraupis olivacea. 
Ortkogonys olivaceus, Casein. Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil I860, p. 140, 1864, 

p. 2S7, t. 2 (Panama) j Scl et Solo. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 582 (Antioquia). 
Chlorothraupis olivacea. Sab. et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am., Aves, i. 

p. 298. 
Bather dark olive-green, paler below; rim round the eye, lores, 
and centre of throat yellow; sides of throat and under wing-coverts 
with slight yellowish markings; bill and feet dark plumbeous: 
whole length 6*7 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-6. 

Hah. Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Itsinedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad.sk. Hemedios, Antioqui i (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad.sk. Xichi, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Vic. of Pa&to, Ecuador {Lehmann). Salvin-Goduian Coll. 
3. Chlorothraupis stolzmanni. 
Phoenicothraupis stolzmanni, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 546. 
Above brownish olive; below paler; middle of abdomon and 
crissum ochraceous brown; throat pale yellowish ochraceons; under 
wing-coverts rufescent orange: length of wing 3*5 inches. (Berl. et 
Tacz.) 

Ilah. Western Ecuador. 

Only known from the specimens in the "Warsaw Museum. 

28. FHCEITCCOTHBATJPIS. 
Type. 
Phoenicothraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 24 (1850) P. mbica. 
Of the nine species of this genus as here recognized, eight are 

closely similar in plumage and in structure to the typical form, and 
represent each other in various parts of the Neotropical Ecgion 
from Southern Mexico to Brazil and Paraguay, their areas in some 
cases apparently overlapping. The ninth (a Colombian species) is 
of a generally blackish plumage, but betrays its alliance by its rosy 
throat. 

In structure Pkoanwthraupis is not far from Pyrawja, but has 
a more conical bill and elongated tail. The gonys is slightly incurved. 
The commissure is a little inrlexcd, but the median tooth 
is obsolete. 

o2 
196 TANA GRIM. 

Euler has described the nesting of P. rubica. The structure is 
cup-shaped, like that of most Tamgrinm. The eggs are of a pale 
"bluish grey, with numerous brown markings. The egg of P. gutturalis 
is figured P.Z. S. 1879 pi. xlii. fig. 4. 

Key to the Species. 

A. General plumage rosy red. 
a. With a red median crest slightly extended. 
a'. Crest bordered on each side by a distinct 
dark margin. 
a". Throat dull red, scarcely brighter 
than body below. 
( Tail above brighter than back .. 1. rubica, p. 196. 
I Tail above like back 2. vinacea, p. 197. 

b". Throat brighter red than body below 3. rubicoides, p. 197. 
c". Throat and body below rosy red; 
size smaller 4. rubra, p. 198. 

b\ Crest without any distinct dark margin. 
d". Size smaller; wings reddish 5. rhodinolama, p. 199. 
e". Size larger ,* wings more or less cine


reous. 
j Tail below cinereous 6. fuscicauda, p. 199. 
j Tail below tinged with red ... . 7. salvim, p. 200. 

b. With a distinct prominent red crest ... . 8. cristata, p. 201. 
B. General plumage blackish 9. gutturahs, p. 201. 
1. PhcBnicothraiipis rubica. 
Saltator rubious, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 107; id. Enc. Meth. 
p. 792 (ex Azara); d'Orb, et Lafr. Syn. At. i. p. 36. 
Tanagra flammiceps, Temm. PI. Col. 177; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 497. 
Tanagra porphyrio, Licht. Doubl p. 31. 
Pyranga rubica, d?Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 265. 
Pkoenicotkraupis rubica, Cab. Mus. If mi. i. p. 24; Sclater, Ann. N. PL. 
xiv. p. 24; id. P.Z. 8. 1856, p. 119; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 43; id. 
Cat A.B. p. 82; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 212*; Scl. et Salv. P.Z.S. 
1879, p. (501 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 22; Salv. Cat Strickl 
Coll p. 193. 
Taehyphonus rubicus, Burm. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 168. 

Above testaceous red; head brownish cinereous, with a scarlet 
median crest; wings brown, edged with testaceous red; tail nearly 
uniform testaceous red., brighter than the back; below testaceous 
red, nearly uniform, but mixed with cinereous on the belly and 
flanks; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
rosy red; bill dark horn-colour, feet pale brown; whole length 
7-3 inches, wing 3-9. tail 3*7. Female. Brown : head darker, with 
a yellowish-brown median crest slightly indicated; below paler. 

Bab. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. 
I am not sure whether Bolivian specimens belong to this form or 
to P. rhodinolcema, 

a. o* ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
I. $ ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (batterer). Sclater Coll. 
28. PBCEXICOTHEirPlS. 197 
e. 2 fid. bk Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. f ad. sk. Brazil. ^ Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. £ ad. sk, Xt3¥o Fribourgo, Bio, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I Tijufhi. 
f. f jr. ak.
g> z P* &k. 
?ao Paula, Brazil (Joi/ner). 
Peiota^j Bio Grande do Sul 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Joy iff r). 
h. 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 

2. PhcBnicothranpis iriiiacea. 
, p. 
I \ -w/wa»; &/. tt 8ate. !SomencL p. ±2; Sah. et Godm. Biol. 
Otttr.-Am.. An s *• p- #01. 

Plm*m<'sthzaiLpi* rubles, 8alr. P. Z. S. 1507, p. 139. 

Abort* testaceous red ; bead dark cinereous brown, with a scarlet 
Hii flijfii citHt; \vinjr*> taw n. with edgings like the back; tail nearly 
uniform t* -tae*»ou.s n4y lib* the back: below brighter testaceous 
rv'U villi a iIriiT^w^ tlfige on the flanks; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of \\ injr-ieathers dull rosy red; bill dark horn-colour; 
f* et ffilf brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*5. 
F*mnh* Ihtik olive-brown, beneath paler, especially on the throat 
aw! iiiitblle of tin* belly : median head-erebt yellowish brown. 

Hatk V Ma ltka» Veratrua, and Panama. 

This In a very dcwi* ally of P. ntlku, and in some cases it would 
tie difficult to separate male specimens without knowing the localities 
Tkm sex appeara, however, usually to be distinguishable by 
the tail in the present species being of the same testaceous red as 
the back, instead of brighter as in Ph. tubkoides. On the back it 
Is al*o nightly darker. The female is quite distinct from that 
of Ph. milrmi^ being of an olive-brown, with a yellowish tinge 
below. 

a, if fci- «k.: k Grecia, Costa Rica (CarmioT). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
> jr. *k. 
<%<£ c 2 ad. *k. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
K f. c; § ad- fk. Oalovevora, Veragua (Arci). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.], 
g*h. c 2 ad. frk. Baata F6f Veragua (Arce). Sabin-Godman Coll. 
i," /. c 2 ad. sk Veragua {Arct). Sclater Coll. 
I-.* ff ad. a*k. Volcano of Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. Phcmncothranpis rubicoides, 
Baltator roHcoideft, Lafr. Mev. ZooL 1844, p. 41; Cassin, Proc. Acad. 
&. Jftftrf. iv. p. 90. ^4 
Ptottlcothranpis rubicoides, Cab. Mm. Hem. i. p. 24; Sclater, Ann. 
m, jar. »•. P. &">; «*- P. & & itso, pp. 120,303,180% PP. 364, 

877. I8W> p. 17S (Citv of Mexico); id. 8yn. Av. Tan. p. 44; id. 
CM. A. It p. 8»; 8d. e* &/r. Ibis, 1859, p. 15, lb60, p. 32; iid. 
P. Z. & 1870, p. 836 {Honduras); iid. Somencl p. 22; Moore, 
li sL 8. 1860, p. 68 (Honduras); Sumitkr. Mem. Bast Soc. JV .H". 
198 
TANAG-EtD^TT. 

i. p. 549 (Vera Cruz); Later. Bull U. S. Wat Mus. no. 4, p. 19; 
Salv. Cat. Sfrickl. Coll. p. 193; Sato, et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am., 
Avesj i. p. 300. 
Pyranga ignicapilla, Licht. in Mus. Berol, <$. 
Pyranga quajaeina, Licht. in Mus. BeroL, J. 
Pkcenieotliraupis ignieapilla, Fi?isc7if P. Z. S. 1870, p. 581. 

Above testaceous red; median crest scarlet, bordered on each side 

by a veil-marked dark blackish margin; outer margins of wings 

like the back; tail throughout reddish testaceous ; below more rosy 

testaceous red, and throat considerably brighter than belly; flanks 

much tinged with cinereous; under wing-covcrts and inner margins 

of wing-feathers dull rosy : beak dark horn-colour; feet pale brown : 

whole length 7 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*3. Female. Above olive-

brown ; median crest yellowish brown, bordered by blackish ; below 

yellowish brown, darker on the sides. 

Hah. Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. 

This species may be distinguished from P. ruhka and P. vinacea 
by the much brighter throat, the general colour of the abdomen 
being nearly the same in all three species. 

a. 2 ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
b. S ad. sk. Jalapa (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ 
ad. sk. Volcano de Agua, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
d. $ jr. sk. Alotenango, Guatemala (Salmi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. f. 2 ad. sk. Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
g. 
cJ ad. sk. Barranco-Iiondo, Guatemala Sclater Coll. 
(Salvin). 
h. $ ad. sk. Betalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
hj> d $ ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 2 ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. (S ad. sk. Savana Grande, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
m. c? ad. sk. ,* Sources of P. de la Pasion, Gua- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. <$ jr. sk.; temala (Salvin). 
o. 2 ad. sk. 
p. S jr. sk. Vera Paz (Constancia). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
4. Pkenicothraupis rubra. 
Tachyphonus ruber, Vieill Wouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 359 j id. JEnc. Metk 

p. 804; LSotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 297. 
Phoenicothraupis rubica ex ins. Trinit., Sclater, Ami. W. JS. xiv. 
p. 24. 
Phoenicothraupis rubra, 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 120; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 44,-id Cat A. B. p. 83; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 212; Set et 
Salv. Mmencl. p. 22 $ Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 581 (Trinidad). 

Above testaceous red, tail rather brighter; median crest scarlet, 
bordered on each side by dark cinereous; below nearly uniform 
dull rosy red, passing into cinereous on the flanks ; bill dark brown ; 
feet pale brown: whole length 6'8 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3. 

28. pnccNicoTnEiuPis. 
Female, Olive-brown, wings and tail-margins rather more yellowish ; 

median crest yellowish huff; below pale fulvous. 
Hah. Trinidad and Venezuela. 
This is a smaller species, recognizable by its rosy red colour 

below and the pale colour of the female. 

a, h. $ ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. Venezuela, Sclater Coll. 
d, e. S ? ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

5. Phoenicothraupis rho&iiiolsema. 
Phoenicothraupis rubica, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 740, et 1873. 
p. 262 (E. Peru); Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 513 (0. Peru), 1882, 
p. 14 (KE. Peru). 
Phoenicothraupis rhodinolsema, Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., 
Aves, i. p. 300 (18h3). 
Phoenicothraupis peruvianus, 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 498 (1884) ; Scl. 
Ibis, 1883, p. 272. 

Above dull brownish red, tail brighter; median crest scarlet; 
below cinereous, throat and upper part of breast bright testaceous 
red ; centre of belly, crissum, inner wing-coverts, and inner margins 
of wing-feathers rosaceous ; bill hazel-brown, paler below; feet 
pale brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*7. Female. 
Brown, wing and tail-margins rufous; median crest yellowish 
fulvous ; below pale ashy brown, <Jarker on the sides. 

Hob. Western Ecuador. 

A small species, most nearly resembling P. rubra, but with the 
dark colour on each side of the crest not so distinct, and with the 
colour below different. The females of the two species are much 
alike. 

a. <J jr. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).) Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). I Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 
$ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). \ Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species). 
d. e. tf 5 a(l* sk* Chamicuros (Hauxwe.ll). J. Gould, Esq. 
/. <5 ad. sk. Ega, Amazons. Purchased. 
6. Phcenicothraupis fuscicauda. 
Phoenicothraupis fuscicauda, 
Cab. J.f. 0.1861, p. 86 (Costa Pica) ; 
Lawr. Ann.L.N. Y. -\m. p. 9 (Panama) et p. 179(Nicaragua),ix. 

p. 99 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. H Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 350 (Panama); 
iid. Nomencl p. 22; Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 299 (Costa Pica) ; Salv. 
Ibis, 1872, p. 316 (Nicaragua); Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., 
Aves, i. p. 302; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 55 (Costa Pica). 
Phoenicothraupis erythrolssma, Scl. Cat A. B. p. 83. 
Phoenicothraupis rubicoides, Bawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 297 
(Panama); Cassin, Br. Ac. Sc. BMl 1865, p. 171 (Costa Rica). 

Above dull testaceous red ; median crest scarlet, the crest-feathers 
more or less tipped with ashy brown like the sides of the head; 
wings and tail externally ashy brown, with a slight reddish tinge 

200 
TAlSTAGBID-aS. 

on the outer margins of the latter: below brighter testaceous red 
mixed with ashy; throat bright rosy red ; wings and tail beneath 
pale cinereous, under wing-coverts slightly tinged with rosy; bill 
dark horn-colour; feet pale brown : whole length 7*3 inches, wing 
4, tail 3*8. Female. Above olive-brown, without any indication 
of the median crest; below much paler, yellowish on the throat. 

Hah. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and vicinity of Santa Marta, 

Colombia. 

A large species, distinguished by its half-concealed crest, which 

has no signs of the lateral blackish border, but is partially tipped 

with dull ashy brown, and the ashy-brown wings. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Ckontales, Nicaragua (Jansen). Salvin-Godman CoIL. 
b. (5 ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. J sk. Nicaragua {Nntting). R. B. Sliarpe, Euq. [P.]. 
d. $ ad. sk. Nicoya, Costa Rica {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coil. 
e. cj* ad. sk. Panama (McLeannari). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . J ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(HcLeannan). 
g, h. S S ad. sk. Panama (3IcLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

i. $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Sclater Coll. (Type of 
P. erythrolcema, Sclater.) 
7. Phcenicothraupis saMni 
Pkoenicothraupis 
sal vim, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 487; Salv. et Godm. 
Biol. Cenir.-Am., Ares, i. p. ^>03. 
Phoenicothraupis rubicoides, Boucard, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 443 
(Yucatan). 

Above testaceous red; crest scarlet, the feathers slightly tipped 
with brown, which is the colour of the front and sides of the head ; 
wings ashy brown, with margins like the back; tail like the back 
but rather duller: below rosy red, with a strong cinereous tinge on 
the abdomen; under surface of wings ashy, of tail reddish ashy; 
bill dark plumbeous; feet pale brown: whole length 7*2 inches, 
wing 3'9, tail 3-6. Female. Above brown, without signs of any 
median crest; below brighter brown, yellowish on the throat and 
middle of the belly. 

Hah. S. Mexico, Yucatan, Honduras, and Guatemala. 

I follow Graf v. Beriepsch and Messrs. Salvin and Godman in 
placing this species as distinct and as the northern form of P. fuscicauda. 
But I must say I find some difficulty in distinguishing the 
males of P. ntbicoides and P. salvini in some cases, although the 
females (if correctly understood) are obviously different. The male 
of P. salvini seems distinguishable from that sex of P. fuscicauda 
by the reddish tinge of its tail below. 

a. $ ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
b. S jr. sk.; c. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
d. c? ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
e. <$ ad. sk.; / . Tehuantepec (Sumichrast). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
cJjr.sk. 
29. 1ANI0. 201 
g. S ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk. 
Tzalam, Northern Yucatan( Gaumer). 
Belize (Blancaneaux). 
Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
Salvin-Grodman Coll. 

i. S 
ad. sk. Corosal, British Honduras {Roe). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
$ ad. sk.; k, Chisec, Vera Paz (Saloin). Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
I. $ ad. sk. 
8. PlKBaicothraupis cristata. 
Phoemcothranpis 
cristata, Laivr. Ann. L. N. Y. xi. p. 70 (Bogota): 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 582 (Antioquia). 

Above dull brownish testaceous; wings dark brown with external 
testaceous edgings; tail nearly uniform testaceous red; elongated 
vertical crest scarlet: below slightly paler ; sides of head, throat, 
and upper breast bright red, almost rosaceous; under surface of 
wings and under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill dark horn-colour; 
feet brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*4. Female 
similar, but rather smaller, not so bright, and wings externally 
brown. 

Hab. Colombia. 

Tory easily distinguished from all the preceding species by its 
long projecting crest. 

a, b. $ J ad. sk. Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. Phceuicothraupis guttuxalis. (Plate XI.) 
Phoenicothraupis gutturalis, Scl Ann. N. II 1854, xiv. p. 25; id. 
P. Z. S. 1855,p. 156,1856, p. 120 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 44; Wyatt, 
Ibis, 1871, p. 326; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 582 (Antioquia) j 
iid. Nomencl p. 22. 
Nearly uniform blackish grey above and below; projecting 
vertical crest bright scarlet; throafi scarlet, paler in the centre ; bill 
black ; feet dark brown : whole length 7'3 inches, wing 3*9, tail3'6. 
Female similar, but rather smaller, and paler in colour. 

Hab. Colombia. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. $ ad sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmoyi). Sclater Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Codman Coll. 
e. J ad. sk. Naranjo; U. 8. C. (Wyatt). Sclater Coll. 
29. LANIO. Type 
• Lanio, 
Vieill Analyse, p. 40 (1816) L. atricapillus. 
Pogonothraupis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 669 L. atricapillus. 
In typical Lanio the curious commissural tooth of this section of 
the Tanagrince takes its greatest development, and the upper man


202 
TANAGRID2E. 

dible has also a strong terminal hook. The feet are weak, the tail 
long and rather squared at its extremity. The Laniones are mostly 
clad in yellow and black, with black heads, black wings, and a more 
or less pronounced white scapular patch. They range from South 
Moxico to Bolivia, but are not found in South-eastern Brazil. 

Structure of Lanio aurantius. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Size large ; rump yellow or black. 
a'. Throat black 1. aurantius, p. 202. 
b'. Throat white : 
j rump yellow 2. leucothorax, p. 203. 
j rump black 3. melanopygius, p. 203. 

B. 
Size small; rump orange : 
\ throat black ; gr. wing-coverts black. 4. atricapillus, p. 204. 
j throat olive ; gr. wing-coverts white. 5. versicolor, p. 204. 
C. (Only known in immature dress) 6. lawrencii, p. 205. 
1. Lanio aurantius. 
Lanio aurantius, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 402 ; JDu Bus, JEsq. Orn. 
t. 21; Bp. Camp. I p. 240 ; Sclater, T. Z. S. 1856, pp. 119, 303, et 
1857, p. 229; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 43 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 83 ; Sclat. 
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 15 (Guatemala) ; iid. JEx. Orn. p. 61, t. 31; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 22 ; Sumichr. Mem. Bost. JSoc. N. .27. i. p. 549 (Vera 
Cruz) ; Lawr. Bull. U. S. N. M. no. 4, p. 19 (N.W. Mexico) j 
Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 304. 
Above and below bright yellow; head and neck all round and 

29. LANIO. 
203 
-wings and tail black; lesser upper wing-coverts and under wing-
coverts white; breast stained with orange; thighs black; bill black; 
feet brown: whole length 7'5 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*8. Female. 
Above dark olive-brown; rump yellowish brown; head greyish 
olive: beneath greenish yellow, throat grey; crissum stained with 
orange; under wing-coverts whitish. 

Eab. Southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. 

a. $ ad. sk. S. Comapan, South Mexico(Salle). 
Sclater Coll. 
b, c. 
d. $
d ? ad. sk. 
ad. sk. 
British Honduras (Blancaneaux). 
Guatemala (Salvm). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

e. <$ ad.sk. Cohan, Vera Paz (Constancia). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. J ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(/. $ ad.sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. J ad.sk. Kamkkal, Guatemala (Salvm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Honduras (Dyson). Purchased. 
2. Lanio leiicothorax. 
Lanio leucothorax, 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 581 (Veragua) ; id. Ibi% 
1872, p. 317 (Nicaragua); Casein, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1865, p. 171 
(Costa Pica); Franiz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 299 (Costa Pica); Scl et 
Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 03 (part), t. 32 ($); iid. Nbmmcl. p. 22. 

Above and below bright yellow; head, wings, and tail black; 
lesser upper wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, and middle of throat 
white; thighs black; bill black; feet brown: whole length 7*3 
inches, wing 4*1, tail 3*8. Female. Above olive-brown, head greyish: 
beneath orange-brown; throat greyish; middle of belly yellow. 

Eab. Nicaragua and Costa Pica. 
The white throat at once distinguishes this species from L. 
aurantius, which it otherwise closely resembles. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. 2 ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Pica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Carmiol). 
d,e. (S 2 ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arc§). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. Lanio melanopygius. 
Lanio leucothorax, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 139, et 1870, p. 188 
(Veragua); Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 63 (part.), t. 32 (tf); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 22. 

Lanio 
melanopygius, Pidgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. 1883, p. 412 (Costa 
Rica); Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am.7 Aves, i. p. 305. 

Above bright yellow; head, wings and tail, and lower half of 
back black; lesser upper wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, and 
throat white; thighs and crissum black, the latter sometimes slightly 
tipped with yellow; bill black: feet brown: whole length 7*8 inches, 
wing 4*1, tail 3*8. Female. Above olive-brown, head greyish; beneath 
orange-brown; throat greyish, middle of belly yellow. 

Eab. Costa Rica and Veragua. 

204 TANAGEID^. 

A representative form of L. leucoikorax, distinguishable by the 
black lower back. The crissum is also black, but in some specimens 
the feathers are slightly edged with yellow. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Cordillera de Tole, Yeragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. 
{Arce). 

c. $ jr. sk. Santiago de Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. <$ $ ad. sk.; f. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
cS jr. sk. 
g. $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
h. J ad. sk. Veragua. Arce "C.i. 
4 lanio atricapillns. 

Tangara jaune a tete noire, Daub. PL Enl. 809. fig. 2 
Tanagra atricapilla, Gm. S. N. i. p. 899; Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 224. 
Lanio atricapillus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xvii. p. 305; id. Enc. Meth. 


p. 741; id. Gal Ois. p. 223, pi. 138; Bp. Camp. i. p. 240; ttd. 
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 156, 1856, p. 118, et lfe58, pp. 72, 454; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 42; id. Cat. A. B. p. 83; Scl et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 04; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 22; Salv. Cat. Strichl Coll. p. 193; id. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 211 (Brit. Guian.). 
Pogonothraupis atricapilla, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. G09. 
Black-headed Tanager. Lath. G. H. vi. p. 14. 
Above and below orange-yellow, passing into dark orange-brown 
on rump and fore neck ; head all round and wings and tail black; 
a portion of scapularies white: under wing-coverts white stained 
with ferruginous; bill black; feet brown : whole length 6-3 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 3*1. Female. Brown ; rump and body below paler ; 
throat washed with cinereous; under wing-coverts pale fulvous. 
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
sk, 
b. $ ad. sk, 
c. $ ad. sk. 
d. e. S2 ad. 
/ . S ad. sk. 
g. c? ad. sk. 
h, i. <$ ad. sk. 
/. (S ad. sk. 
k, I. $ § ad. sk. 
m. <$ ad. sk. 
n. $ ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Bartica Grove, British 
Guiana (WMtety). 
Merunie Mts., British 
Guiana (Whitely). 
R. Atapurow, British 
Guiana ( White!y). 
Bogota. 
Monji, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador 
(Buckley). 
Ecuador (Buckley). 
Rio Napo. 
Sclater Coll. 
H. C. Rothery, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

5. Lanio versicolor. 
Tachyphonus versicolor, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 28. 

Pyranga versicolor, d'Orb. Voy. p. 262, pi. 19. fig. 1. 

Lanio versicolor, Lafr. P. Z. 1840, p. 203; Gray, Gtn.B. ii. p. 364; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 240; Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 119; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 43; 

30. TACHYPHONUS. 
205 

Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru) et p. 262 (E. Peru), 
1879, p. 601 (Bolivia) ; iid. Ex. Orn. p. 64: iid. Nomtncl p. 22 ; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 513 j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 500. 

Above bright yellow, passing into orange on the upper back; head 
black, the feathers of the vertex slightly tipped with olivaceous 
yellow; wings and tail black, wing-coverts white: below yellow, 
passing into orange on the breast; throat greenish olive; under 
wing-coverts white; bill black; feet brown: whole length 6*3 
inches, wing 3-4, tail 3. Female. Above orange-brown, brighter on 
the rump, more olivaceous on the head: below bright brownish 
orange, middle of belly yellow; under wing-coverts ashy white. 

Bab. Bolivia and South Peru. 

The large expanse of white on the wing-coverts and the olive 
throat render this species readily recognizable. The tooth on the 
commissure is but slightly apparent. 

a. S jr. sk.; b. $
ad. sk. 
Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk.
d. <$ ad. sk. 
Cosnipata, Peru (Wliitely). 
Bio Javari. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
e. (S ad. sk. Bolivia. Purchased. 
6. Lanio lawrencii. 

Tachyphonus atricapillus, Laior. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1868, p. 360. 

Lanio lawrencii, Sclater, Ibis, 1885, p. 272, t. vi. fig. 2. 

Above olive-green, with indications of black coming out on the 
interscapulium; wings and tail brownish black edged with olive; 
upper surface of head and nape black; sides of head brownish; 
throat greyish white ; middle of abdomen ferruginous orange; sides 
passing into olive; under wing-coverts white; bill blackish, pale at 
the base below ; feet clear brown: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 
2-4, tail 2-2. 

Bab. Trinidad (Alexander). 

Mr. Lawrence having kindly sent me his unique example of this 
species for examination, I have come to the conclusion that it is a 
young male of a species of Lanio, allied to L. versicolor, and remarkable 
for its small size. 

30. TACHYPHONUS. 
Type. 
Tachyphonus, Yieill. Analyse, p. 33 (1816) T. melaleucus. 
Pyrrota, Vieill. Analyse, p. 45 (1816) T. melaleucus. 
Comarophagus, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 074 T. melaleucus. 

Jn the smaller and weaker Tachyphoni the dental tooth is hardly 
apparent, but the general conformation is that of Lanio. The genus 
consists of twelve or thirteen species, which do not range higher in 
Central America than Costa Kica, but extend southwards to Paraguay 
and Bolivia. 

The nesting of T. melaleuats has been well described by Euler 

206 TAN-AGKIDJE. 

(J. f. 0. 1867, p. 408). The nest is placed in thick bushes near the 
ground, and is open and cup-shaped. The eggs are fLebh-eolour, 
marked and spotted with dark reddish. See also a figure of the egg 
of this species, P. Z. S. 1879, pi. xlii. fig. 5. 
Key to the Species. 

A. Head without a vertical crest. 
a. Head Mack. 
a'. Hump black. 
a". Bend of wing pure white : 
(larger : lesser wing-coverts 
J black 1. melaleucus, p. 206. 
1 smaller: lesser wing-coverts 
{ white 2. luctuosus, p. 208. 

b". Bend of wing white, with a red 
spot 3. phceniceiis, p. 208. 
b'. Rump yellow 4. xanthopygiw, p. 209. 

b. Head yellow 5. chrysomdas, p. 210 
B. Head with a median vertical crest. 
c. Lower back pale fulvous. 
c'. Belly black. 
c". With a fulvous throat-spot G. eristatm, p. 210. 
d". Throat uniform-black, vv ithout any 

spot j 
J crest fulvous 7. surinamus, p. 211. 
j crest orange 8. nattereri, p. 213. 

d'. Belly rufous 9. rufiuentris, p. 213. 

d. Lower back black. 
e'. Under wing-coverts white : 
j crest scarlet 10. coronatu% p. 213. 
j crest yellow 11. nitidibsiums, p. 214. 

f. Under wing-coverts black 12. delattrii, p. 215. 
1. Tachyphoiras melaleucus. 
(Mollis melaleucus, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, no. xxxi. (1787). 
Tangara noir d'Arnerique, Daub. PL Enl 170. fig. 2 (J). 
Le Tangaroux de Cavenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 711 (5). 
Tanagra rufa, Bodd^Tabl d. PL Enl p. 44 (1783). 
Giiolus leucopterus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 392 (part.) (1788). 
Tanagra nigerrima, Gm. S. K. i. p. 899 ; Desm. Tang, tt. 45, 40; 


Max. Beitr. iii. p. 534. 
Tachvphonus leucopterus, Vieill. Kouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 358; id. Enc. 

Mkh. p. 803; id. Gal Ois. p. 113, pi. 82; D'OrL Voy., Oh. p. 277. 
Pyrrota leucoptera, Bp, Consp. i. p. 238. 
Tachyphonus nigerrimus, Sic, Quart. Jouni. Sc. 1820, p. 62; Lafr, 

et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 29; Cab. in Schotnh. Guian. iii. p. 6*69; 
id, Mm. Hein, i.Tp. 22; Burm. Syst.'Ueb. iii. p. 160. 

Tachyphonus melaleucus, Sdater, P. Z. S 1856, p. 113; id. Syn, Av, 
Tan. p. 37; id. Cat. A. B. p. 84; Sab. Cat Strichl Coll. p. 194; 
Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 351 (Panama), 1867, p. 571 (Lower 
Amazons), 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela), 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru); 1879, 

p. 503 (Antioquia); Ud. Ex. Orn. p. 68; iid. Nomencl p. 23; 
Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. S2 (Trinidad); Wyaii, Ibis, 1871, p. 327 
30 . TACHYPHONTTS. 
207 

(Colombia) ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 379 (Lower Amazons); Forbes, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 333 (Pernambuco); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 212; Later. 
Ann. L. N. T. vii. p. 331 (Panama); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882. p. 15 

(N.E. Peru); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 582 (Trinidad); Zeledon, 
Cat. Aves Costa Pica, p. 7; Sah. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., 
Aves, i. p. 309; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 501; Berl J.f. 0. 1884, 
p. 292; Salv. Ibis, l&So, p. 211 (Brit. Guiana). 
Pyrrota valerii, J. # E. Verr. P. Z. 1855, p. 351. 
Tacliyplionus valerii, 8cl. P. Z. S. 185(3, p. 114; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 
p. 38. 
Tachyphonus beauperthuyi, Bp. C. P. xxxii. p. 82 (1851); Sol Cat. 
A.B. p. 85; Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 299. 
Uniform silky black ; upper lesser wing-coverts and under wing-
coverts pure white; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 3-2. Female. Eusty brown, below rather paler; bill 
dark horn-colour; feet brown. 

Hab. Costa Eica, Panama, and S. America down to S.E. Brazil 
and Peru. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Costa Eica ( Van Patten), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. <$ 2 ad. sk-Panama (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. d ? ad.sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-•Godman Coll. 
g. J ad. sk. Medellin, Colombia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
<$ ad. sk. Eemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
i. tf ad. sk.; j. S Bogota. Purchased. 
jr. sk. 
h. S ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Venezuela. D. Dyson [0.1 
m. § ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [0.]. 
n. S a<l- sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
o, p. ? ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Sclater Coll. 
r, s. £ 2 a(l- kk Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. <5 ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u, v. $ 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

w. 2 ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
„r. <$ acl. sk. Eio Tocantins ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

y. <$ ad. sk. Baiao, Eio Tocantins (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
z, a'. S ad. sk.; Pernambuco, Brazil (W. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b'. 2 ad. sk. Forbes). 
e',d'. d2ad.sk. Pernambuco ( W. A. Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
e'. <$ ad.sk.j/'. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

jr. sk. 
$ ad. sk. Eio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ner). 
h'. cS ad. sk. Eio Parana-(Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i',j\ d2ad.;/v'. S, America. Purchased. 
6 j ^ st. 

208 TANAGBID.3E. 

2. Tachyphoims luctnosus. 
, Syn. Av. Tan. p. 38; id. Cat. A. B. p. 8o 
1864, p. 351 (Panama), 18G87 p. 167 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 503 
(Antioquia) et p. 601 (Bolhia); iid. Ex. Orn. p. 68; iid. XomencL 

p. 23 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 213 (Int. of Brazil) ; Cassin. Pr. Ac. 8c. 
Phil. I860, p. 141 (Truando), et 1865, p. 171 (GVta Rica); Lmci\ 
Aim. L. N. Y. vii. p. 297 (Panama), ix. p. 100 (Co-ta liica); 
FranU. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 299 (Costa Rica); Fimch, P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. 582 (Trinidad); Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. Ib8 (Teragua): id. Bis, 
1872, p. 317 (Nicaragua); id. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. VM ; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1877, p. 332 (W. Ecuador) ; Salt, et Godrn. Biol Centr.Am., 
Aves, i. p. 310; Berl. J.f O. 18^4, p. 292 (Bucaramanora); 
MdgiD. P. U. S. X. M. 1883, p. 412 (Co-ta Rica); Berl. et Tacz. 
P. Z. S.1883, p. 547 (W. Ecuador); Salvin, Ibis, ISfco, p. 211 (Brit. 
Guiana). 
Pyranga luetuosa, dOrb. Voy. p. 263, pi. 20. f. 1 rf, 2 $. 
Lanio tenuirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240. 
Tachyphonus albispecularis, Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 300. 


Silky black; lesser wing-coverts and under wing-coverts white; 

bill black, at base plumbeous: feet black: whole length, 5 inches, 

wing 2*5, tail 2-1. Female. Olive; head greyish; beneath \eilow, 

throat whitish ; tirder wing-coverts white. 

Eab. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and S. America clown to 

Trinidad and Guiana on the east and Bolivia on the we*t. Not 

found, apparently, in the main valley of the Amazons, but obtained 

by batterer on the Madeira and on the Bolivian frontier of Brazil. 

a. 3 ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Jamen). Salvin-Godman Coll 
h, c. $ ad. sk.; Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
S jr. sk. miol). 


d. $ ad. sk. Panama {ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (ArcS). SaHin-Godman Coll. 
f. S ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Selater Coll. 
9-S ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*, i. 6 2 ao^ s^* Bogota. Bclater Coll. 
J* c? jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
k, 1 6 $ ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 
m, n. S $ a(3-s^. Esmeraldas, Ecuador {Fraser). Selater Coll. 

O. (S ad. sk. Bolivia. Selater Coll. 
P-S a#. sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (JXaft.). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. S ad. sk.; r. Trinidad. Selater Coll. 
<$ jr. sk. 
*9 t. (S ad. sk. * Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

u. 5 ad. sk. 
3. Tachyphonus phoenicem 
Tachyphonus phoeniceus, Sw. An. in Men. p. 311 (Peru); id. Class. B. 
ii. p. 285; Bp. Consp. i. p. 237; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 116; id. 
Syn. Av. Tan. p. 40 ; Scl et Sab. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 754, et 1873, 
p. 262 (E. Peru); iid. Ex. Orn. p. 65, tab. xxxiii.; iid. Nmneml 
p. 23; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 214 * Sab. Cat. Strickl. Coll p, 104$ Stdv. 
30 . TACfiYPHOXCTS. 
209 

ft Godm. Ih£% 1883, p. 203 (Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii p 50 

Sak\ Ibis, 1885, p. 212 (Brit. GuianA 
Tachyphonus saucius, Sfriekl Ann. Xai. Hist, xiii. p. 419 (1844). 
Tanagra leueoeainpter, LicM. in Mus. Berol 

Silky Mack; uppermost lesser wing-coverts and under wing-
coverts pure white : a bright red spot on the bend of the wing; bill 
and feet black: whole length 15 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*7. Female. 
Above greyish brown, wings and tail rather darker; below dirty 
white, Hanks cinereous; an obsolete brown spot on the bend of the 
wins:. 

Hnh. Eastern Peru. Amazonia, interior of British Guiana, and 
Cayenne, 

fh h. i 2 ad. ^k.; e, g Xeberos, E. Peru {Bart- Sclater Coll. 
jr. -L hit). 
A ? -k- E. Peru (Farris). Sclater Coll 
e,f. i ad. 4:.; g,h. § Meruine Mountains, Brit. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. *k.; i. ** jr. sk. Guiana (Whitely). 
;\ k. S 1 ad. hkl Koraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{ WMtehj). 
i, rf ad. 4. Cavenne. Purchased. 

4. Tachyphonns xanthopygius. 
Taehvphonus 
xanthopterins, Sclater, P. #. S. 1854, p. 158, pi. 69 
C J" I, W>5, p. n;]f |,i; $K> < d ), et 1856, p. 11(5; itf. >%m. ^ . Tan. 

p. 40; »VW. ^ *Wr. P. #. *Sf. 18H4, p. 351 (Panama), 1879, p. 503 
(Antiuqiua); iitl. FJC. Orn. p. G^; «V. Nomencl. p. 23; Cassin, Pr. 
Jc, *S>. P/tf7. 1HJ0, p. 142 (Xraando); Later. Ami. L. K Y. viii. 
p. 3^1 (Panama): Hah. Ibis, 1870, p. 109; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1&&, p. 547 (\Y. Ecuador); Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am.,Aves, 
I p. 811. 
Laaio auritus, DuBus* Bull. Ac. B?nx. xxii. p. 153 (1855). 
Tachypfconus rabiifrons, Later. Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1865, p. 106 
(Panama); Set if Salv. Fx. Orn, y.68.^ 
Tachvpiionus propinquus, Lawr. Pr. Ac So. Phil 1867, p. 94; id. 
Ann. JL N. Y. ix, p. 101 (Costa Rica); Franfz. J.f.O.1869, p. 299. 

Black; lower back and lesser wing-coverts bright lemon-yellow; a 
slight white superciliary stripe developing into a scarlet band behind 
the eye: under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole 
length 7 inches, wing e3*6, tail 2*8. Female. Dark cinereous; beneath 
paler; rump yellow ; under wing-coverts white. 

Hab, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. 

The bright red post-superciliary stripe of the male renders this 
species very easily distinguishable. 

a. <f ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. (J ad. sk.
c. 2 ad. tk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
(Type of P. xanthopygim.) 
k £ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
eff. $ 2 ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Con. 
(Salmon). 
VOL. XI. F 

21 0 TASTAGRlDiE. 
y, k. 6 2 a(*-s^*
i. § ad. sic.
j , k. $ ad. sk. 
Eemedios, Antioguia(Salmon). 
Panama (MeLeannan). 
Veragua (Arce). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

5. Tachyphoiras chrysomelas. 
Tachyphonus 
chrysomelas, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 440, t. 32 ; 
iid. Nomeml. p. 23 j Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 188 (Veragua) • Salv. 
et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 311, pi. xsi. fig. 1. 

Bright golden yellow, rather paler below• narrow rim round the 
eye, interscapulium, wings, and tail black; under wing-coverts 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 4*6 inches, wing 2*5, 
tail 1*8. Female. Olive; wings and tail brown, margined with, 
olive; beneath yellowish ; under wing-coverts white. 

Hah. Veragua. 

a, h. $ ad. sk.; c. J Cordillera del Chucu, Ve- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. ragua (Arce). (Types of the species.) 
d, e. $ J acL sk. Veragua {Arce). Sclater Coll. 

6. Taciiypkouus cristafras. 
Tangara hupe" de Cayenne, Daub, PL Enl 7. fig. 2. 
Tanagra cristata, Gm. S. A7", i. p. 808; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 422; 

Deem. Tang. tt. 47,48; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 474. 
Tanagra brunnea, Spix, Ac. Bras. ii. p. 87, t. 41). fig. 2 ( $ ). 
Lanio vieilloti, Lafr. P. Z. 1846, p. 204.' 
Crested Tanager. Lath. G. H. vi. p. 11. 
Tachyphonus cristatus, Sw. Quart Journ. Sc. 1826, p. 66; Cab. in 

Schomb. Oman. iii. p. 668; Sclat. P. Z. S. 18-55, p. 155, 1856, 

p. 115, et 1857, p. 264; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 39 ; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 85; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 213; Salv. Cat Strickl. Coll. p. 194: 
id. Ibis, 1885, p. 212 (Brit. Guian.); Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 82 
(Rio); Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 262 (E. Peru) ; iid. Komencl. 
p. 23 j iid. Ex. Qj-n. p. 68; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 165. 
Tanagra gubernatrix, Temm. Tab. Meth. d. PI. Col. p. 40 (1836). 
Tachyphonus cristatellus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 86 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 571 (Lower Amazons), p. 977 (Upper Amazons) • iid. Ex. 
Orn. p. 68. 
Tachyphonus intercedens, Berlepsch, Ibis} 1880, p. 113. 

Above black; large elongated crest covering the top of the head 
scarlet or orange ; rump fulvous ; lesser upper wing-coverts white: 
below black; throat-stripe fulvous • under wing-coverts white; bill 
and feet black: whole length 5#8 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2-9. Female. 
Ferruginous brown, beneath paler; wings blackish, edged with 
brown like the back. 

Bab. Guiana, Cayenne, Colombia, Amazonia, and Brazil, down 
to Eio Grande do Sul. 

Guianan specimens of this species are distinguishable by the crest 
being orange, with a slight reddish tinge. They agree with the 
type of T. mtercedens, Berlepsch, but I can only regard them as 

30 . TACHYPHONUS. 
211 

subspecincally different. On the other bind, in Brazilian skins the 
crest is usually more highly developed and of a brilliant scarlet, and 
the throat-stripe is slightly larger. This may stand as a second 
subspecies, Tachyphonus cristatus brasiliensis. The form from 
Cayenne, Colombia, and Amazonia (for which I formerly proposed 
the name T. cristatellus) must remain as the typical form, as the 
name cristatus was originally based upon the Cayenne bird. This 
has rather a shorter crest, partially orange in front, and a smaller 
gular stripe. 

a. Subsp. intercedens. 
a, b. S ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guian. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(mutely). 

c. 6 jr. sk. Merume M., Brit. Guian. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
cl 
J ad. sk. River Atapuiow, Brit. Guian. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). 

b. Subsp. typica. 
a. S ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Guia, Kio Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
c. 5 ad.sk. Para, Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. Ega, Amazons (Wallace). Purchased. 
e. $ ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Haiuwell). Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru. Sclater Coll. 
g,h. tfad.&k.; L $ Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. ley). 

j. 
J ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll, 
(Type of T. cristatellus.) 
e. Subsp. brasiliensis. 
a, b. <$ ? ad. sk. Bahia (WucJierer). Salvin-Godman Coll 

c. <$ ad. sk.; d. 3 Novo Fribourgo (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
e. '$ jr. sk. S. Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk: Bio Claro, Goyaz (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. $ 
ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Joyner). 
h. <$ ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Nat" Salvin-Godman Coll. 
terer). 
i,j. S 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
hi <$ ad. sk. Brazil. Ld. Stuart cle Itotlie


sey [P.l-

I. J ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
7. Tachyphoims surinamus. 
Merula Surinamensis, Briss. Orn. App. p. 46, t. 3. fig. 1. 
Turdus surinamus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 297. 
Tachyphonus surinamen&is, Lafr. JRev. ZooL 1846, p. 202 ; Bp. Compt. 


Bend, xxxii. p. 81. 
Tachyphonus surinamus, Sclater, P. Z. S.1856, p. 114, et 1857, p. 2G4; 
id^Syn. Av. Tan. p. 38; id. Cat. A. B. p. 85; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 213; 
8ah\ Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 195 ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 212 (Brit. Guian ) j 
?2 

212 
TAN" AG RID J5. 

Set. et Sab. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 571 (Lower Amazons) et p. 754 

(Upper Amazons), 18159, p. 440, 1873, p. 202 (E. Peru); iid. Ex. 

Orn. p. (58; iid. Nomencl. p. 23. 

Tanagra martialia, Temm. Man. Analyse, p. Ixv. 

Tanagra desmaresti, #w. Quart. Jour. Sc. 1826, p. 67. 

Tachyphonus ockropygos, Cab. in Sehomb. Guian. iii. p. 668; id. Mas. 

JEein. i. p. 22. 

Lanio cristatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 240 (partita). 

Tachvphonus napensis, Laior. Ann. L. X. Y. viii. p. 42, Sol. Ibis, 

1885, p. 273. 

Tachyphonus snrmamus napensis, Tacz. Orn. Per. li. p. 503. 

Tangfara hupe de la Guiane, Daub. PL Enl. 301. fisr. 2. 

Tanagra cristata, Temm. Tabl. Meth. d. PL Col. p. 40 (1836;. 

Above shining black; median bead-crest bright fulvous, with, a 
golden tinge ; rump fulvous; lesser upper wing-coverts white : below 
shining black, under wing-eoverts and axillaries wbite, with a slight 
fulvous tinge on the front portion of the axillaries ; lower part of 
flanks bright rufous; bill and feet black; whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*5, tail 3. Female. Above olive-green, wings blackish brown 
edged with olive-green; head cinereous ; beneath pale fulvous, 
under wing-coverts white, crissum tinged with yellowish. 

Hob. Guiana, Cayenne, Colombia, Ecuador, and Amazonia. 

Although confounded together by the older authors, this species 
and T. eristatus are very distinct in the colours of both sexes. 
Besides, the present bird has a longer and more slender beak. Mr. 
Lawrence has proposed to separate the Upper-Amazonian form as 

T. napensis, but the differences (consisting mainly in the rather 
darker uropygium and smaller crest) are not, to my mind, sufficient 
for specific, although they may serve for subspecific, distinction. 
a. Subsp. typica. 
a. <$ ad.sk.; b,c. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. (WJiifely). 
d, e. o* ? ad. sk. Merurne* Mts.; Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
/. 
3 ad. sk. E. Atapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wliitely). 

g. 2 ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelshi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
\ i. $ $ ad. sk.; Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. cJjr.sk. 
h, I. <S $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
m. (S ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Kappler). 
w,o. c?5 ad. sk. Para {Wallace). Sclater Coll. 

b. Subsp. napensis. 
a. £ ad. sk. Guia, Bio Negro ( Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru. Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Ega, Amazons. Purchased. 
d. e. c? $ ad.»sk. Sara}acu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 9. ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley), Sclater Coll. 
g <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
"h. cJ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
30 . TACHYPHONUS. 
213 

8. Tachyphonus nattereri. 
Tachyphonus nattereri, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 214 ; Sclater. Ibis, 1885, 
p.272,t.vi.fig.l. *>>>>> 
Tanagra eristatella, Watt. MS. 

Black; median head-crest orange; rump fulvous; lesser upper 
wing-coverts and under wing-coverts white : whole length 5*4 inches, 
wing 2-7, tail 2-4. Female. Eufous, below paler. 

Hal. Matto Grosso, Brazil. 

Only known from batterer's specimens : nearest to T. chlattrii, 
but recognizable by its fulvous uropygium and white lesser wing-
coverts. 

9. Tachyphoips rufiventris. 
Tanagra rufiventer, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 37, pi. 50.fig. 1. 

Tachyphonus 
rufiventer, StricU. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 49, pi. 50 ; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 115,1857, p. 264 (Rio Javari) ; id. Syn. 
Av. Tern. p. 39 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 86; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1806, 

p. 188 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 749, 1878, p. 185 (S. Peru) et 
p. 262 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 601 (Bolivia) ; iid. Ex. Orn. p. 68; Hi. 
Nomencl. p. 23 : Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 513 (C. Peru), 1882, p. 14 
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 503. 
Above black; median crest pale yellow; lower back fulvous ; 
lesser upper wing-coverts white : below dark chestnut-red; flanks 
paler, fulvous; middle of throat fulvous; sides of throat and 
breast, nearly uniting in the middle line, black; under wing-
coverts white ; bill black; feet dark brown ; whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*1, tail 2*8. Female. Olive-green, rump yellowish; throat 
cinereous ; abdomen fulvous yellow ; under wing-coverts white. 

Bab. Upper Amazonia, Peru, and Bolivia. 

The chestnut abdomen immediately distinguishes this species. 

a. c? ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. d. <$ ad. sk. 
Upper Amazons. 
Upper Amazons (Bates). 
Charnicuros, E. Peru (HauxSclater 
Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . ? ad. sk.
g, h. <$ ad. sk.
well), 
Ucayali (Hauxwell). 
Rio Napo (?). 
Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10. Tachyphonus coronatus, 
Agelai'us coronatus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 535; id. Enc. Meth. 
p. 711 (ex Azara). 
Tanagra coryphaeus, LicM. Doubl. p. 31. 
Pyrrota coryphaeus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 23$. 
Tachyphonus vigorsi, Sw. Quart. Jour. Sc. 1826, p. 63; Jard. III. 
Ow.pl. 36.fig. 1. 

Tachyphonus coronatus, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 22; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 114; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 38; id. Cat A. B. p. 85; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 213; Satv. Cat. StricU. Coll. p. 195 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. 

p. 166; Scl et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 68; iid. Nomencl. p. 23; Berl. J. 
TA:NTAGRTD,E. 

214 

f. 0. 1878, p. 244 (St. Catkarina); Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 82 
'(Bio). 
Taclrypkonus cristatus, White, P. Z. S.1882, p. 597 (Mi&iones) (?). 

Above and below shining black ; small median head-crest crimson; 
lesser upper wing-coverts and under wing-coverts white ; bill dark 
plumbeous; feet brown : whole length 6*8 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3. 
Female. Above ferruginous brown, head slightly tinged with cinereous; 
below paler, throat and breast freckled with cinereous ; crissum like 
the back. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

The bill is rather strong in this species, but there is very little 

trace of any commissural tooth, and the terminal hook is also almost 

obsolete^ 

a. (S ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
b. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
c. ? ad. sk, Santa Fe, Minas, Brazil (Rogers). Sclater Coll. 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Bio de Janeiro Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
(Youds). 
e. S ad. sk. Begistro do Sai, Brazil (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
terer).
i 
g. $ ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil {Joyner). Ralvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner).

i. ? ad. sk. Bio Grando de Sul (Plant). Sclater Coll. 
5 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
k. 6 jr. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
11. TaclrypitoiiTis Bitidissimus. 
Tachyphonus nitidissimus, 
8ah\ P. Z. S. 1870, p. 188 (Veraoua^* 
id. Ibis, 1874, p. SOS; 8cl et Sab. Nomencl p. 23; Pidqw. P. V. 

8. N. M. 1883, p. 142 (Costa Bica) ; JSalv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.Am., 
Aves, i. p 312, t. xxi. figs. 2, 3. 
Clilorospingus axillaris, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 395 (<$ jr., cf. 
Salvin, L s. c). 
Tacbyphonus luctuosus, Cassm, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil 1805, p. 171. 

Shining black : crest orange; lesser upper wing-coverts and under 

wing-coverts white; bill black, whitish at the base ; feet brown : 

whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*5. Female. Olive-green ; 

beneath lighter, more yellowish; under wing-coverts white. 

Hal. Costa Bica and Veragua. 

A small but very distinct species, most like T. luctuosvs, but dis


tinguished by its 
crest, which in some individuals (apparently not 

quite mature) is yellowish, in others deep orange-red. 

a, h. $ ad. sk.; c. $ Bugaba, CMriqui, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. j d. $ ad. sk. (Arce). (Types of the species.) 
e,f. <$ ad. sk. Bibalaz, CMriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. e ad. sk. Chiriqtii (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. d $ fld. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
j. 
2 ad. sk. Valza, Costa Bica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
-ninl), 

215 

81 . CKEURGOPS. 
12. Tachyphoiras delattrii. 
1800, p. 142 (Truando), 1865, p. 171 (Costa Rica) ; Lawr. Ann. 

L. K Y. Tii. p. 331 (Panama), ix. p. 180 (Costa Rica); ScL et 
JSalv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 351 (Panama), 1870, p. 503 (Antioquia) ; iid. 
Ex. Orn. p. 67, t. 34; iid.Nomencl. p. 23; Frantz. J.f.O. 1809, 
p. 299 (Cobta Rica) ; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 740, et 1870, p. 180 
(Veragua); Boitcard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 55 (Costa Rica); 8alv. et 
Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 312. 
Chloro&pingus brunneus, Lawr. Ann. L.N. Y. x. p.395 (2,cf. 8ak\ 
Ibis, 1874, p. 308). 

Uniform Mack; crest orange; under wing-coverts dull black; 

bill and feet black: -whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2'5. 

Female. Above black; head and neck and body beneath dark oli


vaceous brown, rather lighter on the throat; flanks and crissum 

blackish. 

Bab. Costa Rica, Yeragua, Panama, Colombia, and K Ecuador. 

The black under wing-coverts isolate this species. Eraser's female 

from Pallatanga, Western Ecuador (j), may possibly belong to 

another species, but the bird certainly reaches as far south as Pasto 

(see specimen h). 

a. <J ad. sk. Santa F^, Veragua (Arc$). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Santiago de Veragua (A?*cS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. rf ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad.sk. Gorgona Island, coa&t of Co- Kellett & Wood [C.]. 
lombia. 
f>9' <$ 2 a<^*sk« Remedios, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 


h. S ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
?j. $ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador {Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador {Lehman). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
31. CREURGOPS. T 
Creurgops, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 75 C. verticalis. 

The median commissural notch is well developed in this form, and 
there are scarcely any signs of rictal bristles. In other respects 
Creurgops comes" near to the preceding genus. The type is only 
known from Colombia and Ecuador. 

1. Creurgops verticalis. 
Creurgops verticalis, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 73,1.132,1866, p. 180, et 
1873, p. 262; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 513 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 501; 
Scl et Salv. P.Z. S. 1879, p. 583 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl p. 23; 
Tacz. et Berl. P. Z.S. 1885, p. 81 (Ecuador). 

Above slaty grey, wings and tail rather blacker ; head blackish, 

21 6 
TANAGRJDiE. 

with a half-concealed median crest of pale fulvous mixed with ferruginous 
: below uniform reddish ochraceous ; under wing-coverts 
like the belly ; bill dark plumbeous, pale at the base; feet pale 
brown: whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*8. Female 
similar, but head uniform grey like the back. 

Hab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. St. Elena, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
hrc. tf § ad. sk. St. Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S &d. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
32. MALACOTHRAUPIS. 
Type. 
Malacothraupis, Scl, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 353 ... . M. dentata 

Structure of Malacothraupis. 

This is a much weaker form, of abnormal colouring of grey and 
rufous, but with a distinct commissural notch. The single species 
known is Bolivian. 

1. Malacothraupis dentata. 
Malacothraupis dentata, 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 353, pi. xxxi., 
1879, p. 601 (Bolivia). 

Above cinereous, rather darker on the head; narrow superciliaries 
prolonged to the nape, white; sides of head and body below clear 
chestnut; chin, middle of abdomen, and under wing-coverts white ; 
crissum white, tinged with cinereous; bill above blackish, below 
brown; feet dark plumbeous : whole length 5'5 inches, wing 2*7, 
tail 2-7. 

Hab. Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
33. Erco^iETis. 
217 
33. 
EFCOMETIS. 
Type. 
Eucometi*, Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 117 E. penicillata. 
^ EncomHis consists of four representative species, and a single 
divergent form. They range from Southern llexico southwards to 
Bolivia. The {structure is intermediate between Pymnga and Tachif


jjhjutis; it is weaker than in Pgraaga, and the coloration is generally 
duller. The sexes are similar. The short nuchal crest is a special 
ehaiacter, and there is a slight development of rictal setas. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Body above yellowish olive. 
a. Throat white, with a bliarht greyish tinge. 
Crtst longer, white tipped with gre\r °. . 1. penicillata, p. 217. 
Ct&t shorter, uniform grey "..... 2. albicollis, p. 217. 
b. Throat cinereous 
C'rewt longer, jrrey like the throat 3. cribtuta, p. 218. 
Tivnt tfhoit, darker than the throat ... . 4. sjwdocephala, p. 219. 
B. 
PM fly abu\e blacki&h. 5. camni, p. 219. 
1. Encometis penicillata, 
Tannjrra penicillata. Spix, Jr. Bras. ii. p. 36, pi. xlix. &g. 1 (1825). 
Tac4i)jiln n?H penicillatus Up* Conbp. i. p. 237. 
EueJiuefh penicillata, ScL P. Z. S. IboU, p. 117; id. Syn. Ac. Tan. 


p. 41; id. Cat. A. B. p. 84; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 212; Scl. et Sab. 
P. Z.S. 1HH3, p. 1MJ (Ucavali), lfcC7, p. 571 (L. Amazons), lb73, 
p. 2!J2 IE. Peru); ml Xohvmcl. p. 23; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 500. 
Above yellowish olive ; wings blackish, with margins like the 
back; tail pale brown, with yellowish-olive margins; head grey, 
with a projecting crest of white feathers tipped with grey: below 
bright brownish yellow, throat pale cinereous white; under wing-
coverts yellowish; bill hazel, whitish below; feet pale brown: 
whole length 7**3 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hub. Cayenne, Amazonia, W. Ecuador, and E. Peru. 

a. Ad. sk Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. bt Para. K. Graham, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk Lower Amazons (WalSclater 
Coll. 
lace), 
d. cf *d. sk Mexiana, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<?>/• cf?ad . sg,h. 6 $ ad- &
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad, sk.
k. Ad. sk*
(Wallace). 
k. Yquitos, Peru (Wk Yquitos, Peru ( W 
Upper Amazons. 
Rio Xapo. 
Bogota.
h'tely).
hitehj). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Pin-chased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

2. 
Eucometis albicollis. 
Pyiwga albicollis, 
Lafr. et tfOrb. Syn. An. i. p. 33 (1837); $Orb. 
Voym p. 265? pi xxvi. %. 2; Bp. Consp. i. p. 241. 

218 TANA GRID JB. 

Tricliotliraupis albieollis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 23 (note). 
Eucometis albicollis, Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 117; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 

p. 41; id. Cat A. B. p, 84; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 212; Scl et Salv. 
iXomencl p. 23; iid. P. Z. S. 1879; p. C01 (Bolivia). 
Above yellowish, olive ; wings blackish, with margins like the 
back; tail pale brown tinged with olive and with olive margins; 
head subcrested, brownish cinereous: below yellow, throat dirty 
white; ear-coverts brownish cinereous ; under wing-coverts creamy 
white tinged with yellowish; bill pale horn- celour; feet pale brown : 
whole length 6-2 inches, wing 3'3, tail 3. 

Hab. Bolivia and interior of Brazil. 

The description is from one of batterer's skins from Goiaz. It is 
possible that the Bolivian bird may be different; at any rate it requires 
comparison. But the present species is, I think, separable 
from E. penicillata, having a shorter uniform crest, brownish ear-
coverts, and a paler throat. 

a. § ad. Goiaz (Katterer). Sclater Coll. 
3. Eucometis cristata. 
Pipilopsis cristata, JDuBus, Bull. Acad. Brtix. xxxii. p. 154 (1855). 
Trichothraupis penicillata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 15G (err.). 
Eucometis cristata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 118; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 42; 


id. Cat. A. B. p. 84; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1H50, p. 141; Zazrr. 
Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 208 (Panama) ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, 

p. 350 (Panama), 1868, p. 627 (Venezuela) ; iid. Xomencl p. 2tf; 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 121 (S. Marta); iid. Biol. Centr.-Am., 
Aves, i. p. 306. 
Above yellowish olive; wings blackish, with margins like the 
back; tail brownish olive; head crested, cinereous : below bright 
yellow ; throat pale cinereous; under wing-coverts yellowish; bill 
black : feet pale brown : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 34, tail 3. 
Female similar. 
Hob. Pauama, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

a, 5. (S J ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. 
e. A.d. sk. 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Paraiso Station, Isthmus of 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . cj ad. sk. 
Panama (Hughei*). 
Arihueca, Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g.
h. 
<$ ad. sk. 
$ ad. sk. 
(Simons).
Santa Marta, Colombia. 
Minca, Santa Marta 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. Jr. sk. 
/. Jr. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
(Simons). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
1 $ ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. 
(Gomng). 
Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 

33 . EUCOMETIS. 
219 

4. Eucometis spodocephala. 
Chlorospingus 
spodocephalus, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 922; id. 
Notes Or?i. p. 22; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 91 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 

p. 29. 
Eucometis spodocepliala, Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1800, p. 274 (Guatemala); 
iid. P. Z, S. 1870, p. 83G (Honduras); iid. Nomencl p. 23 ; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 84; Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 139, 1870, p. 188 (Veragua); 
id. Ibis, 1872, p. 310 (Nicaragua); Lawr. Ann. L. N. T. ix. p. 130 
(Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 180% p. 299 (Costa Rica); Boucard, 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 443 (Costa Rica); Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Aves, i. p. 307, t. xx. fig. 2. 
Above yellowish olive; wings blackish., margined with yellowish 
olive; tail yellowish olive; head slightly crested, dark cinereous : 
beneath bright yellow, inclining to orange; throat cinereous; under 
wing-coverts tinged with yellowish : whole length 6-7 inches, wing 
3*6, tail 3*1. Female similar. 
Hob. South Mexico and Central America southwards to Chiriqui. 
This form is distinguishable from its southern ally E. cristata 

by its shorter and much darker crest. 
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Northern Yucatan (Gaunter). 
Yucatan. 
British Honduras (Blancaneaux). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Constancia). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Virgin Bay, Lake of Nicaragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bridges), 

g. Ad. sk. Nicaragua (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Nicaragua (Nutting). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
[P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Nicoya, Costa Rica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 2 ad. sk. Santa P6, Veragua (Arte). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Jr. sk. Mina Chorcha, Chiriqui, Ve- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ragua (Arce). 
I $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Ckhiqni (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. Jr. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Eucometis cassini. 
Tachyphonus 
cassini, Lcnor. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 297 (Panama); 
Frantzim, J.f. 0.1869, p. 299 (Costa Rica). 
Eucometis cassini, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 351, t. 30 (Panama), 
1879, p. 503 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencly. 23; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 139 (Veragua); Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.-A?n., Aves, I-p. S07. 
Tachyphonus, sp.; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1860, p. 142 (Rio Truando). 


Above dark blackish grey, wings and tail rather darker; head 
black, with a large triangular patch of yellowish olive on the nape 
and vertex: below yellowish olive-brown, crissum tinged with fulvous 
; throat and under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill plumbeous, 
lower mandible whitish ; feet brown: whole length 6*7 inches, 
wing 3*4, tail 3*1. Female similar. 

 TANAGRIBJE. 

Hah. Costa Eica, Veragua, Panama, and Colombia. 

An aberrant species, with stronger feet than in typical Eucometis, 
and of peculiar coloration. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. 2 ad. sk. jJr. sk. 
d. 
Costa Rica (Canniol). 
Santiago de Yeragua (Arce). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Salvin Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk.;
Ad.sk. 
f. Panama (McLea?man). Sclater Coll. 
g. J ad. sk.
h, i. $ J ad. sk. 
Nicki, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

34. TEICHOTHEAUPIS. 
Type. 
Trickothraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 23 (1850) T. quadricolor. 

This monotypic Brazilian form is at once recognizable by the 
well-developed rictal setae and concealed yellow crest, which give 
it a superficial resemblance to some of the Tyranniche. This is, 
however, no doubt its proper place, and it is nearly allied to Tachyphonus, 
but it has a weaker, broader bill, and no signs of the commissural 
tooth. 

1. Trichothraupis quadricolor. 
Tachyphonus quadricolor, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 359; id. JEnc. 
Meth. p. 803; Bp. Consp. i. p. 237; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 164. 
Muscicapa melanops, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 452 ; id. Enc. Meth. 


p. 827 (ex Azara). 
Tanagra aiiricapilla, Spix^Av. Bras. ii. pi. Iii. p. 39; Max. Beitr. iii. 
p. 538. 
Muscicapa galeata, Lieht. Doubl. p. 56. 
Tachyphonus suchii, Sw. Quart. Jour. Se. 1826, p. 66. 
Trichothraupis quadricolor, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 23; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 117; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 41; id. Cat. A. B. p. 84; Pete. 
Orn. Bras. p. 212; Berl. J.f. 0.1873, p. 244 (S. Catharina); Sri et 
Salv. Mmencl p. 23; Salv. Cai.Strickl Coll. p. 194; Tacz. P.Z.S. 
1874, p. 513 (C. Peru), 1882, p. 14 ^N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 506. 
Above greyish olive; a large recumbent vertical crest bright yellow 
; sides of the head and wings and tail black ; below pale fulvous 
; under wing-coverts and a cross-bar near the base of the wing-
feathers white; bill whitish, plumbeous at the base; feet pale 
brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3'3, tail 2*9. Female similar, 
but without the vertical crest. 

Hab. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Misiones, Arg. Eep. 

a, b. <$ J ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 

c. (S ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). , 
d. (S ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Nat- SaW-Godman Coll. 
terer). 
35 . CYPSNAGRA. 
221 

e, f. d S ad. ak. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Saivin-Godman Coll. 

Sul, Brazil {Joyner). 
ff. S ad. sk. Brazil. Saivin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. S ? ad. sk.: j. Brazil. M. Olausacn [P.! 

<$ jr. sk. 
L J 

h. 
S ad. sk. San Javier, Misiones, rep. Saivin-Godman Coll. 
Arg. (TFMte). 
3. TANAGRDLE DEBILTROSTRES. 
In the genus Nemosia and its allies the bill becomes much 
weaker and the terminal notch almost obsolete. The group thus 
constituted is a small one, embracing only 17 species referable to 
4 genera. None of these species occur north of Panama, but southwards 
they range down to the edge of the Brazilian and Bolivian 
wood-regions. They are mostly of dull or not very bright colours. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Bill rather long; -wings lengthened,* feet 
stronger 35. CYPSNAGRA, p. 221. 
B. Bill short; wings shorter; feet weaker. 
a. Bill stouter 
36. PYRRHOCOMA, 
b. 
Bill weaker. [p. 222. 
Rictal bristles obsolete 37. NEMOSIA, p. 222. 
Rictal bristles present 38. THLYPOPSIS, p. 228. 
35. CYPSKAGEA. 
Type. 
Cypsnagra, Less. Man. d'Orn. p. 460 (1831) , C. ruficollis. 
Leucopygia, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 285 (1837) C. ruficollis. 

In this monotypic Brazilian form the commissure is incurved, 
but there. is no trace of any tooth. The bill is rather more produced 
and the wings longer than in Tachyphonus, to which it 
otherwise approximates. 

1. Cypsnagra ruficollis. 
Tanagra ruficollis, Lioht Boubl. p. 30 (1823). 

Tanagra hirundinacea, Less. Tr. d1 Orn. p. 460. 

Leucopygia ruficollis, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 312; Cab. Mus. Hein. 

i. p. 137; Burnt. Syst. Ueb. iii, p. 162. 
Tachyphonus ruficollis, d'Orb. Voy. Ois. p. 277. 
Cypsnagra ruficollis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 232; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, 
p. 112; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 36; id. Cat. A. B. p. 86; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras p 214; Salv. Cat. Strichl Coll. p. 195 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 23; iid. P. Z S. 1879, p. 601. 
Tanagra fumigata, Temm. in Mm. Litdg. 
Above black; bar across the wing-coverts, wing-speculum, and 
lower back white: below white, throat ferruginous red; under 

TANAGR1DJE. 

wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 
6 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*7. F&nvde similar. 
Bab. Southern Brazil and adjoining districts of Bolivia. 

a, b. (S $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Dr. LuschSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
naih). 
c. ^.d. sk.
L e. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wuclwer). 
Bio, Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 

36. PYRRHOCOMA. 
Type. 
Pyrrhocoma, Cab. Hits. Rein. i. p. 138 (1851) P. ruficeps. 
This form has a stoutish bill like TachjpJionvs, but without any 

trace of a commissural tooth. In coloration it rather approaches 
Nemosia, and may be conveniently placed next to it. 

1. Pyrrhocoma ruficeps. 
Tackyphonus ruficeps, StricH. Ann. N. II. xiv. p. 410 (1844) ; Bp. 
Camp. i. p. 237. 
Pipilopsis ruficeps, Bp. Consp. i. p. 48-5; Bes Murs, Zool. Voy. 

Casteln., Ois. p. 69, pi. 20. fig. 2. _ 
Nemosia ruficeps, Burm. Si/st. TJeb. iii. p. 159. 
Pyrrhocoma ruficeps, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 138 ; Sclater* B.Z. S. 18o6, 

p. 108; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 32 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 88 ; Feb. Orn. 
Bras. p. 216; Sah. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 19o ; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 24 
Bark cinereous, rather paler below; whole head and throat 
chestnut; front, sides of head, and chin black; bill plumbeous, 
lower mandible paler: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*5. 
Female. Pale cinereous, washed with olive, below lighter; head and 
neck fulvous, throat paler. 
Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. c?ad. st. S. America. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Rio. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. <$ $ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq, 
r/. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
S ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
37. NEMOSIA. T 
Nemosia, Vieill. Analyse, p. 32 (1816) N. pileata. 
Hemithraupis, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 21 (1850;. N. ruficapilla. 

In Nemosia, of which the seven species here recognized are distributed 
over South America from Colombia to Brazil, the commissural 
tooth is wholly lost, and the terminal notch is but very 

37 . NEMOSIA. 
223 
slightly indicated. Otherwise the structure is not essentially 
different from that of Tacliyphonus. The sexes are distinct in 
colour. 

Key to the Sj>eGies. 

A. 
Plumage grey and black, no yellow. 
I Throat white 1. pileata, p. 223. 
I Throat red 2. rourii, p. 224. 
B. Plumage varied with yellow. 
a. Throat black 
8. guira, p. 224. 
I. Throat red 
4. rujicapilla, p. 225. 
6'. Throat yellow. 
\ Wings uniform black 5. Jtavicollis, p. 225. 
(AYing-coverts spotted with yellow 6. peruana, p. 227. 

d. Throat white 
7. albigularis, p. 227. 
1. Eemosia pileata. 
Tang, a coiffe noire de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Fnl. 720.fig. 2. 
Tanagra pileata, Bodd. Tabl. d. PL Fnl. p. 45 ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 898. 
Nemosia pileata, Vieill. Nouv. Diet xxii. p. 490; id. Fne. Meth. 

p. 787; a" Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 201; Bp. Consp. i. p. 230; Sclater, 
P. Z. S. 1856, p. 109; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 33; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 86 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 158; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 214; Scl. 
et Sah. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 180 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 571 (Para) et 
p. 977 (Pebas), 1873, p. 263 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 602 (Bolivia); 
iid. Komencl. p. 23; Sah. Cat Stricld. Coll. p. 195; Tacz. Orn, 
Per. ii. p. 513; Sah. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 121 (Santa Marta) ; 
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 334 (Pernambuco). 
Hylophilus eyanoleucus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 734 (<$), 
Hylophilus cgeruleus, Max. Beitr. hi. p. 731 (5). 
Hooded Tanager, Lath, G. PI. vi. p. 13. 
Tang, a coifTe noire, Desm. Tang, t. 41. 
Pico de punzon negro azul y bianco, Azara} Apunt. i. p. 414 (<5) 


et p. 423(?). 

Above bluish grey; lores white; head above and band passing 
down the neck on each side black; inner webs of wing- and tail-
feathers blackish ; beneath white ; bill black ; feet yellow : whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2. Female above bluish-grey ; lores 
and body below white; breast tinged with ochreous ; bill brown ; 
lower mandible and feet yellow. 

Hah. Littoral of Colombia, Venezuela, Cayenne, Brazil, Paraguay, 
and Bolivia. 

a, b. S 2 ad.sk. Valencia,U.S.C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c $ ad. sk, Mexiana, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wallace). 

d. J 
ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 
( Wallace). 
e, 3 ad. sk. Lower Amazons. Purchased. 
fi(J- c? ¥ ad.sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

A. Forbes). 
It <$ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (IV. Sclater Coll. 
A. Forbes). 
TANAGKRID-aJ. 

i,j. cJad.sk.; h, L Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 

w.cJad.sk. Araguay, Brazil (batterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2, Nemosia rourii. 
Nemosia rourei, Cab. J.f. 0.1870, p. 459, et 1872, t. i. fig. 1. 


xlbove cinereous, beneath white; throat scarlet; front, sides of 
head, wings, and tail black; feet pale: whole length 5'5 inches, 
wing 3-2; tail 2-3. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

A very peculiar species, distinguished by its bright red throat; 
and only known from the specimens (procured by Euler on the Rio 
Parahyba do Sul, in S.E. Brazil) in the Berlin Museum. 

3. Nemosia gtdra. 
Sylvia "brasiliensis viridis, Ms . Orn. iii. p. 553. 
Motacilla guira, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 335. 
Hylophilus guira, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 736. 


8alv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 180 (Ucayali), 1873, p. 269 (E. Peru), 
1879, p. 602 (Bolivia); iid. NomencL p. 23; Sate. Cat. StrickL 
Coll. p. 195; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 212 (Brit. Guian.); Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 744 (N.W. Peru), 1882, p. 15 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 510. 

Nemosia guirina, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 110; id. 8yn. Av. Tan. 

p. 34; id. Cat A. B. p. 87 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 554; Bed. et 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 547 (W. Ecuador); Berl J.f 0. 1884, 
p. 292 (Bucaramanga). 
Tang, olive a gorge noire de Cayenne, Daub. PL JSnl. 720. fig. 1. 
Tanagra nigrigula, Bodd. Tabl d. PL JSnl, p. 45. 
Tanagra nigricollis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 894. 
Nemosia nigrigularis, ScL Cat. A. B. p. 87. 
Guira Warbler, Lath G. H. vii. p. 193. 
Pico de punzon amarilla barba negra, Azara, Apuni. i. p. 400. 
Above yellowish olive-green; superciliary stripe yellow; lower 
back reddish orange, passing into yellow on the upper tail-coverts ; 
wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; sides of head and throat 
black; sides of neck yellow ; breast rufous-orange; belly greenish ; 
flanks cinereous; crissum yellowish; under wing-coverts white; 
bill reddish; culmen dark brown ; feet brown : whole length 5 
inches, wing 2-7, tail 2*1. Female. Above olive-green, beneath 
yellowish ; flanks cinereous ; under wing-coverts white. 

Hab. S. America, from Colombia to Paraguay and Bolivia. 
The various geographical forms of this species are, I now think, 
scarcely separable, even subspeciflcally. The Cayenne form (olim 

N. nigricollis, mihi) is rather smaller in dimensions. 
a. 3 ad. sk. S. America. Baron Laugier s Coil. 
b. d 
^d. sk.; c. <$ Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
37 . NBMOSIA. 
225 
d, e. <$ ad. sk.; / . Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (WhMy). 
g> h-6 ? ad. sk. Eoraima, B. G. (Whitely), Sclater Coll. 

i. <S ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J, & 6 
? ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
L tf ad. sk. Bogota. ) Sdater Coll. 

m. $ ad. sk. Guaimco, Peru. ( (Types of 2V. guirina, Scl.) 
n. 
(S ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
o. (S ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
c5 ad. sk. Kawarani, Bolivia (Buck-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 
q. 5 ad. sk. Bolivia. 
Sclater Coll. 
r. 
S ad. sk.; s. <$ Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
t. $ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
u, v. $ J ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 


4. Nemosia ruficapilla. 
Nemosia ruficapilla, Vieill. Noun. Did. xxii. p. 498 : id. Erie. Meth, 
p. 788; Bp. Consp. i. p. 236; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1856,'p. Ill ; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. So; id. Cat. A. B. p. 87; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. 
p. 161; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 215 j Salv. Cat. Strickl Coll. p. 100 ; 
Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 23. 
Hertiithraupis ruficapilla, Cab. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 327. 
Sylvia ruficapilla, Vieill. Gal. Ois. Suppl. pi. 3. 
Hylophilus ruficeps, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 725. 
Hemithraupis ruficeps Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 21 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 311. 

Above bright yellowish olive; wings and tail blackish, edged 

with olive; rump orange-red; whole head and throat chestnut, 

passing into reddish orange on the breast; patch on each side of 

the neck golden yellow; belly pale yellowish, crissum brighter; 

flanks more cinerascent; under wing-coverts white ; bill yellowish, 

cnlmen dark; feet cinereous: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*6, 

tail 2-2. Female. Above olive-green, beneath pale yellowish; sides 

cinerascent; under wing-coverts white. 

Hab. S.E.Brazil. 

a. S ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. $ jr. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater CoU. 
c. <$ ad.; d. <$ jr. sk. Brazil. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
e. c? .jr. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

/ . tf jr. sk. 

Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. $ ad. sk. 
Novo Fribourgo, Bio Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. $ ad. sk. 
(Youds). 

5. Nemosia flavicollis. 
Nemosia flavicollis, Vieill JSTQUV. Diet. xxii. p. 491; id. Enc. Meth. 
p 788: id. Gal. Ois. p. 99, pi. 75; Bp. Consp, i. p. 236; Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1856, p. 110, et 1857, p. 264; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 84 ,VOL. 
XI. Q 
226 TA^AGBIDiE. 

id. Cat A. B. p. 87; Burm. Si/st. Ueb. III. p. 16: Pekeln, Orn. 
Bras. p. 215 ; Sab. Cat Strickl Coll. p. 196; ScL et Salt. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 263 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 602 (Bolivia) ; iid. Xomencl p. 23; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 511. 

Tanagra speculifera, Temm. PL Col. 36.fig-.1 <$, 2 2. 
Sylvia melanoxantha, LioJit. Doubl. p. 34. 
Hylopliilus melanoxantha, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 736. 
Hemithraupis Havicollis, Bp. Comp. I. p. 312. 
Hemithraupis melanoxantha, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 21. 
Nemosia auricollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. Ill ; *V. Syn. Ar. Tan. 


p. 35 5 id. Cat A. B. p. 87; Peheln, Orn. Bras. p. 215; SrL it 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 750 (E. Peru). 
Nemosia insifynis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 110 ; id. >%n. Av. Ttta. 

p. 34 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 87; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 215. 
Above dull sooty black: wing with a slightly concealer! wilte 
speculum; lower back bright yellow: below white, with slight 
cinereous frecklings; throat and crissum yellow: under win#coverts 
white ; upper mandible dark, lower whitish ; feet brown : 
whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*1. Ftmale. Abovo brownish 
olive; rim round the eye and edgings of wings and tail yellow: 
below dull yellow ; under wing-coverts white. 

Hob. Guiana, Cayenne, Brazil, and Bolivia. 

Specimens from Cayenne are the smallest, tho^e from S. Brazil 
(Nemosia insignh) largest in size, and in the latter the yellow 
back extends further up. Skins from Bolivia seem to be inter


mediate. 
a. Subsp. ti/pica. 
a,b. J 5 a(l-s*c. 
$ ad. sk. 
d, e. $ § ad. sk. 
/ . $ ad. sk. 
g, h. $ ad. sk. 
i. c? ad. sk. 
j . £ ad. sk. 
'k, L S ad. sk. 
S. America. 
Cayenne. 
Gyapock, Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Ucayali (Ilauxieell). 
Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Pernambuco, Brazil 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll (Type 
of JVT . (MricfiHis. I 
Salvin-GofInum Coll. 
P. L. Sclater. I&*q, 
r P.]. 
Salvin-Gudman C»>11. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 
m-o. <$ ad. sk. 
p ,5 ad. sk. 
q. 5 ad.sk. 
r. 5 ad. sk. 
s. 2 ad. sk. 
(Forbes). 
Bahia, BrazilBio, Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
(Wuchertr). Salvin-God man Coll. 
Salvin-Godniaii Coll. 
Salvin-God raan Cull. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
t. Skeleton. S. America. Purchased. 

b. Subsp. insignis. 
a, b. c? $ ad. sk.; South Brazil. Sclater Coll. (Types of 
c. <$ jr. sk. 
IV". insignia.) 

37 . NE2I0SIA. 
6. Eemosia peruana. 
Hemitkraupis peruana, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 173; id. JSTote s. I 
Tang. p. 24. 
Nemosia peruana, Sclater, P. Z.S. 18o6, p. Ill; id. Sijn. Av. Tan. 

p. So; ScL et Sate. KomencL p. 23 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. il p. 512. 
Above Mack; lower back and spot on the wing-coverts bright 
yellow; a concealed alar speculum white: beneath white, slightly 
variegated with ashy on the breast; sides of neck, throat, and 
crissum yellow; under wing-coverts white; bill horn-colour, lower 
mandible at base whitish; feet brown : whole length 4-5 inches, 
wing 2*0, tail 2. Female. Above brownish olive; wings and tail 
blackibh with olive edgings; beneath yellow, cinerascent on the 
flanks. 
link Colombia, Upper Amazonia, Peru, and Bolivia. 
Similar to N.jlaiimllis, but known by the yellow wing-spot. 


ft, h. rf O ad. >-k. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll. 

v. J jr. -k. Pebas, Peru (Ilauxicell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. d 2 ad. hlz. Sarayacu, Ee. (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
/i ih d 2 a<l. >k. Sarnyacu, Ec. (Buckley). Salvin-Godnran Coll. 
h. d ad. sk. Peru (?}. 
Purchased. 
7. Memosia alMgralaris. (Plate XII.) 
Nemosia 
albigularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 100, pi. 99, et p. 155, 
Ib&O, p. Ill; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 35; id. Cat. A. B. p. 87; ScL et 
Sab. Xumencl. p. 23; iid. P. Z.S. 1870, p. 50o (Antioquia); Berl. 
J,f. 0.1884, p."202 (Bucaramanga). 

Above black; hinder back yellow; concealed alar speculum white: 

below white, slightly varied with cinereous; patch on each side 

of the neck and crissnm yellow ; under wing-coverts white; bill 

pale horn-colour, lower mandible whitish : whole length 4-2 inches, 

wing 2-5, tail 1*8. Female. Above yellowish olive; wings and tail 

blackish, edged with olive; rump bright yellow; below white, throat 

and crissum pale yellow. 

IJaL Colombia. 

The white throat at once distinguishes this species. 

a. d ad. sk, Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
b, c. d 2 Bogota. Sclater Coll. 


a^-s^4 
e. d 2 &&- *&• ? Bogota. Purchased. 


q*L d ad. bk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I d ad. sk. Bogota. J. K Elsey, Esq. [PJ. 
j\ d &&-s&* Remedios, Antioquia Salvin-Godman ColL 

(Salmon), 

TA3TAGBIBJE. 

38. THLYPOPSIS. 
lype. 
Thlypopsis, Cab. Mus. Mein. i. p. 138 (1851) T. fulveseens. 
la Thlypopsis the bill is more slender and more elongated than in 

Nemosia,'m& the general form comes very near to that of some of 
the Mniotiltklce (Basileuterus) ; but the rictal bristles are shorter 
and less conspicuous than in the last-named genus. 

The sexes are coloured nearly alike. The area of the genus is 
confined to South America from Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia 
and Brazil. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Abdomen pale, cinereous or fulvous. 
a. Head orange-red; throat yellow. 
\ Flanks fulvous ." ...... 1. sordid a, p. 228. 
1 Flanks cinereous 2. amazmivn^ p. 22(1. 
b. Head yellowish; throat yellow ..... . 3. chrytopis, p. 22lk 
c. Head bright rufous. 
(Abdomen cinerous 4. fuhicepn, p. 22!I 
| Abdomen fulvous o. "zmmaia, p. 2*40. 
B. 
Abdomen more or less dark rufous. 
Breast and flanks dark rufous. (I ornata, p. 231). 
Breast rufous, flanks grey 7. peeturdm, p. 2.10. 
C. Abdomen yellow ". 8. rvfieep*, p. 2S1. 
1. Thlypopsis sordida. 
Nemosia sordida, Lafr. et dfOrh. Si/x. An. i. p. 28; d%Orb. Vmfm 
p. 261, pL 18. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. ii p. 3M; Bp. Consp. I p. 236; 
ScL et Sato. Nomend. p. 24; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 602 (Bolivia). 
Nemosia fulvescens, StrieTd. Ann. M H. xiv. p. 420; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 236; ScL et Sab. Nomencl. p. 24; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 215 (part.); 
Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 196; Forbes, J&fo, 18£L, p. 334 (Pernambuco). 
Thlypopsis fulveseens, Cab. 3£m. Mein. L p. 138; id. J.f.O. I860, 

p. 232. 
Nemosia blanda, Licht in Mus. BeroL 
Nemosia fulvieeps, Burm. Syst Web. iii. p. 159. 
Nemosia sordida, ScL P. Z. S. 1850. p. 119; id. Stjn. At. Tan. p. SB; 
id. Cat A. B. p. 88. 
Above cinereous; head and neek orange-red, yellowish on the 
front and sides of the head: below pale ochraceous, middle of belly 
passing into white; throat yellow; under wing-coverts white; bill 
plumbeous; feet cinereous: whole length 4-7 inches, wing 2*6, 
tail 2*1. Female similar. 
Hah SJE. Brazil and Bolivia. 
I can find no difference between Brazilian specimens of this species 
and a Bolivian example obtained by Bridges. I have therefore 
reunited T. fulvescens to T. sordida. But the Upper-Amazonian 
bird (T. sordida of Cab., and olim of ScL and Salv.) seems to differ 

38 . THLYPOPSIS. 
229 

constantly In the cinereous (not pale fulvous) colour below; I have 
therefore kept It separate as T. amazonum. 

a-d. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Pemambuco. Sclater Coll. 
f. S ad. sk. Pemambuco (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
g. S ad. sk.; h. <$ Pemambuco (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll 
jr. sk. 
*,> Ad. sk. Babia {Wuclierer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. Ad. sk. Bolivia, T. Bridges [0.]. 
/. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
2. Thlypopsis amazonum, sp. nov. 
Nemosia sordida, ScL et Sate. P. Z. S. 18G6, p. ISO (Ucayali) ; Ta<z. 

Orrt. Per. ii. p. 508. 
Nemosia Mvescens, ScL et Sate. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 203 (E. Peru). 
Thlypopsis sordida, Cab. J.f.O.1806, p. 232. 

Above cinereous ; head and nape orange-red, passing into yellow 
on the sides; below pale cinereous, on the middle of the belly 
whitish; throat pale yellowish orange; under wing-coverts white; 
bill plumbeous ; feet cinereous: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*7, 
tail 2*1. Ft male similar. 

Mah. Bolivia, adjoining frontiers of Brazil and Upper Amazonia. 

Very clearly related to J\r. sordida, but distinguishable by its 

cinereous belly without ochraeeous tint. 

rt.Ad.sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 

b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Purchased. 
e. 2 a(l-s^* Pebas, Peru (Hauxwell). 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Nauta, Peru {Bartlett). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S sk. Cuyaba (Xatterer). 
Sclater Coll. 
3. Thlypopsis chrysopis. 
Nemosia chrysopis, ScL et Sate. P. Z, S. 1880, p. 155. 
Above cinereous, strongly washed with yellowish except on the 

lower back, outer secondaries, and tail; lores, sides of the head, and 

throat yellow ; abdomen yellowish, brighter on the breast; middle 

of belly buffy white; band of wing yellowish ; under wing-coverts 

and Inner margins of wing-feathers white; bill hazel; feet plum


beous : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*2. 

Mah, Eastern Ecuador and Peru. 

The general yellowish tinge renders this species easily recognizable. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Sarayaeu, Ecuador "(Buckle}/). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
h. Jr. sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. 
E. Bartlett [C.]. 
4. Thlypopsis Mviceps. 
, Tachyphonus ruficeps, Lafr. JRev. Zool. 1848, p. 173. 
Nemosia ruficeps, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1856, p. 112; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 36; 

230 
TANAGBIDJ3. 

id. Cat. A. B. p. 88; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 18G8; p. 167, et 1870; 

p. 780 (Venezuela). 
TMypopsis fulviceps, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 138; id. J.f. 0.1806, p. 232. 
Neniosia fulviceps, Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 24. 
Cinereous; paler below and whiter in the middle of the belly; 
whole head and neck bright chestnut-red, rather paler on the 
throat; under wing-coverts white; bill plumbeous; feet hazel: 
whole length 5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2. 

Bab. Venezuela. 
a. Ad. sk. Caraccas. Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Caraccas (Goerincj). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Caracas (Dyson). Purchased. 

5. TMypopsis inoraata. (Plate XIEL ftg. 2.) 
Nemosia 
inornata, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 228, et 1880; p. 105 (N. 
Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 500. 

Above cinereous; cap bright chestnut-red; sides of the head 
and body below pale fulvous, whiter on the middle of the belly; 
under wing-coverts white : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*2. 
Female similar, but cap merely washed with rufous; sides of the 
head rufescent. 

Hah. Peru. 
Eeadily distinguishable by its pure pale fulvous under surface. 


a. <$ ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Callacate, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
6. TMypopsis ornata. (Plate XIII. tig. 1.) 
Nemosia ornata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 138; id. Cat. A. B. p. 88; 
Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 24 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 515 (C. Peru), 
1879, p. 227, et 1880, p. 195 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 507; 
BerL et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 290 (W. Ecuador). 

TMypopsis ornata, Cab. J.f 0.1866, p. 233. 

Above cinereous ; whole head and body below rich chestnut-red, 
rather paler on the throat; middle of belly and under wing-coverts 
white : bill plumbeous ; feet brown: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 
2*4, tail 2. Female similar, but head and body below pale fulvous. 

Bab. Ecuador. 

a, 5. tf ad. sk. Pallatauga, Ecuador Sclater Coll. (Types 
(Fraser). of JV". ornata.) 

c. S ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador Purchased. 
(Fraser). * 
d. tf ad. sk; e,f. Monji, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
7. TMypopsis pectoralis. 
Nemosia pectoralis, Tacz. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 508. 

Above grey; whole head and neck above with throat and breast 

39. LA3IPK0TES. 231 
bright rufous; belly "white, sides cinereous, erissum slightly tinned 
with rufous; bill and feet plumbeous: whole length 3 inches, 
wing 2-D, tail 2-1. 

Hah. Central Peru. 

31. Taczanowski has kindly lent me the type specimen of this rare 
species. It is nearest to T. ornata, but is easily recognized by the 
bides of the belly being cinereous, instead of rutous like the breast. 
8. Thlypopsis ruficeps. 
Sylvia ruficeps, Zafr. et cFOrb. 8yn. Av. i. p. 29. 
Hylophilus ruficepa, a" Orb. Voy.t Ois. p. 210, t. xiii. fig. 1. 
Neniosia ruficeps, 8cl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 23; iicL P. Z. S. 1879, 


p. 003 (Bolivia). 
Above cinereous; cap bright chestnut-red ; beneath yellow; 
flanks tinged with cinereous ; under wing-coverts white ; bill plumbeous 
; feet pale brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2. 

Bab. Bolivia and Tueuman, Argentine Eepublic. 

a. $ ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk. 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Boh via (Buckley). 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Bucldey). 
Surata, Bolivia {Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Boli\ ia {!>. Forbes). 
Tueuman, rep. Arg. (Sthidz). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Subfamily IV. LAMPROTDOE. 

The genera Lamprotes and 8ericossyp7ia stand apart from the 
other Tanagers in possessing large feet, armed with sharp curved 
claws, and may, I think, be most conveniently arranged as forming 
a peculiar subfamily. The bill is straight and stout, and carries a 
strong terminal hook. But one species of each genus is yet known. 
Of the two species, one is found only in the forests of S.E. Brazil, 
the other in those of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Nostrils naked; wings short 39. LAMPBOTES, p. 231. 
b. Nostrils almost covered "by frontal plumes ; 
wings long .... , ,. 40. SERICOSSYPHA, p. 232. 
39. LAMPEOTES. Typ a 
Lamprotes, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 283 (1837) L. loricatus. 

The peculiar long and sharpened claws and glossy black plumage 
at onee distinguish this Brazilian type. 

1. lamprotes loricatus. 
Tanagra loricata, LicM. Doubl p. 31 (1823), $ ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 237. 
Tanagra rubricollis, Spix, Av. Mras. ii. p. 43. 
Tanagra rubrigularis, 8piv} Av. Bras. ii. tab. Ivi. fig. 1. 


232 
TA£rA<HtID.3E. 

Tanagra bonariensis, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 530. 
Lamprotes loricatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 121 ; id. Syn. AD. Tan. 


p. 45; id. Cat. A. B. p. 82; ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. 22; Sab. 
Cat Strickl. Coll. p. 193. 
Tacliyplicmus loricatus, Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 1G7. 


Uniform glossy black; middle of throat and breast scarlet; bill 
and feet black : whole length 8-0 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3. Female. 
Uniform glossy black. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. $ ad. sk. Bahia. 
Purchased. 
b. J ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
c. $ ad. bk. Bahia. 
Sudbury Mus. [E.]. 
d. <$ jr. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
e. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (WueJierer). Sclater Coll. 
g. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. (S ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
40. 
SERICOSSYPHA. 
Type. 
Sericossypha, Less. Echo du Monde Savant 1844, p. 382 S. albicristata. 

Sericossypha is closely allied to Lamprotes, and has similar sharp 
elongated claws. But the bill is shorter and not so strong, and the 
singular projecting frontal plumes extend over the nostrils. The 
habits of this Colombian form are said to be rather those of the 
Cotingidce than of the typical Tanagers (if. Taczanowaki, Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 387), but I cannot believe that it has anything to do with 
the former group. 

1. Sericossypha albicristata. 
Tanagra (Lamprotes) albocristatus, Lafr. Rev* Zool. 1843, p. 132. 
Lamprotes albocristatus, Lafr. Mag. de Zool, 1844, pi. 50 j Sclater, 

P.Z.S. 1856, p. 121; id. Syn. AD. Tan. p. 45; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 82; ScL et Sab. Nomencl. p. 22. 
Sericossypha sumptuosa, Less. Echo du Monde Savant 1844, p. 382, et 1855, 
p. 156; id. JDeser. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 354. 
Sericossypha albocristata, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 387. 
Yclvety black, wings and tail glossed with purple; cap pure 
white; whole throat and breast blood-red; bill and feet black: 
whole length 9 inches, wing 5-5, tail 4. Female. Like the male, 
but throat much darker, of a deep beetroot-red. Nestling. Uniform 
dull black ,* cap white. 


Hob. Colombia and Peru. 

a,b. <$% ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. <$ ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


e. S ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . ? ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
g. 
j ad. sk. Yauayaca, Ecuador Purchased. 
(Buckley). 
h. Pull. sk. Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
41. pncENicoPiriLtTs. 
Subfamily V. PHGENICOPHILINJE. 

This subfamily consists of two well-marked genera peculiar to the 
island of San Domingo, and remarkable for their lengthened and 
compressed beak. In plumage one of them, Plmnicophilus, shows 
some resemblance to Arremon, and has consequently been usually 
placed among the Pitylince next to that genus. But the resemblance 
seems to be merely superficial; and I have some doubts whether the 
Phoenicophilince ought to be included at all in the Tanagrine series. 
For the present, however, they may remain here as a distinct subfamily. 


Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Bill slightly widened at the base; tarsi 
short and rather slender j tail square.. 41. PHCENICOPHILUS, p. 233. 
B. 
Bill constricted at the base ; tarsi rather 
longer and stouter; tail much rounded 42. CALYPTOPHILUS, p. 235. 
41. PHGENICOPHILUS. 
Type. 
Phoenicophilus, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 104 P. palmarum. 

Structure of PhcenicophiZus. 

234 
TAXAGRID-E. 

This very "remarkable form, peculiar to San Domingo, somewhat 
reminds one of Arremon in its plumage, hut is at once distinguishable 
by its long straight beak, short tarsi, and squared tail. 

Key to the Species. 

Cap black ... I-palmarum. p. 234. 
Cap grey ... -* pdmaphalus, p. 2M. 

1. Phcenicophilns palmarum. 
Turdus palmarum, Linn. S, X. i. p. 205; VleHL Ok. de I'Am. ?ne"r. 

ii. p. 16, pi. 60 d,70g. 
Tacky plionus palmarum, 
Vie ill. Sou v. Diet xxxih p. 350; id. JEnc. 
Meth. p. 803. 

Coll. p. 108 j Tristram. Ibis, 1874, p. ]fft>; Ck/v/, Bull. Xvtt. Orn. 
Club, vi. p. 152; 2(t7. J5//Y& of San Domingo, p. 5'>. 
Arremon palmarum, G-'JYH/, 6^ . Z?. Suppl. p. IIJ; Bryant, Pr. Bust. 
8oc. X. IL xi. p. 0i> (1BJ0). 

Above bright olive; head black, a spot above the Ions on each 
side, another (larger) above the eye, and a narrow stripe below the 
eye pure white ; neck cinereous : beneath white, M<1CS pacing into 
cinereous; bend of wing yellow; under wing-curerta white; bill 
black; feet plumbeous : whole length 7*3 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2-7. 
Female similar, but slightly smaller. 

Hah. San Domingo. 

a-c. Ad. sk. San Domingo (SalM). Purchased. 

d. Ad. sk. San Domingo (Salle), Selatt'f Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. San Domingo. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Phoeiticopliiliis polioceplialiis-
Dulus polioeephalus, Bp. Bev. ZooL 1851, p. 78; id. Xaie s. I. Tang. 
Phoemcophilns poliocephalus, Strickl. Contr. Orn. If 51, p. 104. 
Plicenicopkilus palmarum § , Sdaterf P. Z. S. iboiiy p. 84; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 22. 
Pkoenicophiltis dominlcensis, Cory, Bull Xuit. Orn. Club, vi. p. 129 
(1881); id. Birds of San Jhmingo, p. 5^, pi viii. 

Like P. palmarum, but with the cap greyish plumbeous like the 
neck. Female similar. 
Hab. Western coast of San Domingo. 

This species was first characterized by Bonaparte, hut subsequently 
generally supposed to be the female of P. palmarum. 
There can be no doubt, however, from Mr. Coiy*s observations, that 
it is distinct. 

42 . OALYPTOPHILTTS. 235 
42. CALYPTOPHILUS. 
Calyptophilus, Cory, Auk, i. p. 1 (1884)
Type. 
C. frugivorus. 

Structure of Calyptophilus. 

This singular genus, also peculiar to Sau Domingo, is evidently 
allied to Fhoenico^liilus, but easily distinguished by its much more 
compressed bill and much rounded tail. 

1. Calyptophilus frugivorus. 
Phoenicophilus frugivorus, Cory, Journ. Host. Zool. Soc. ii. p. 45 
(1883). ^ 
Calyptophilus frugivorus, Cory, Auk, 1884, p. 3; id. Birds of San 
Domingo, p. 59, pi. ix. 

Above olive-brown; head dark cinereous, with a slight yellow 
loral spot: below white, flanks and crissum passing into brownish 
cinereous ; axillaries and under wing-coverts pale lemon-yellow; 
bill above plumbeous, below whitish; feet hazel: whole length 
7'3 inches, wing 3-6, tail 3-5. Female similar, but rather smaller 
and duller in colour. 

Bab. San Domingo. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Arenoso, San Domingo Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{McGregor). 

23(5 
TANA.GEID-3E. 

Subfamily VI. PITYLIN^. 

In the Pitylince we have the most Pringilline of Tanagers, and in 
some cases I find it impossible to draw any line between forms 
assigned to the present subfamily and the true Fringillidce. Dr. 
Cabanis has, in fact, placed the whole series of Pitylince in the last-
named family; and Bonaparte, apparently following his lead, has 
done the same. But to adopt this course is merely to shift the 
difficulty from one place to another ; for it is by no means easy to 
decide whether to place such forms as Schistochlamys with the 
Pitylince or with the typical Tanagrince, Again, in other points 
some of the Pitylince approach nearly the Mniotiltidce, some of 
the more slender-billed Chlorospingi being very likely to be mistaken 
for Basileuteri and allied forms. On the whole, therefore, 
it seems to be best to retain the Pitylince within the limits of the 
Tanagriclce, placing them at the end of the series, where Carclinalis 
and such-like forms among the Fringillidce would naturally follow 
them. 

To divide the Pitylince into genera is not difficult; but to arrange 
these genera in a form adapted for explanation by a key seems to 
be well-nigh impracticable without bringing them into an unnatural 
series. The only way to get over the difficulty is to divide the subfamily 
into sections, as follows :— 

a. 
Bill short, pointed, subcorneal^ in some 
cases almost Mniotiltine; feet moderate 
or weak; wings short Pitylince parvirostres, p. 236. 
/3. 
Bill longer, stronger, in some cases 
almost Fringilline ,* feet large and 
strong Pitylince fringillirostres, p. 253. 

y. 
Bill conical; culmen slightly incurved; 
wings short; feet weak Pitylince conirosti-es, p.,272. 
S. Bill 
larger, stronger; culmen more 
incurved; feet larger Pitylince validirostres, p. 280. 
e. Bill very strong; upper mandible 
swollen; culmen much incurved .. Pitylince tu?nidirostre$, p. 297. 
a. PITYLDL3E PARVIEOSTKES. 
This section embraces Chhrospingus and the allied genera, in 
which the beak varies much in thickness, and in the extreme forms 
comes very near that of some of the Mniotiltince. These are all 
arboreal birds, clad in dull olives and browns. 

Key to the Genera. 

Bill thicker. 
Tail moderate, more or less squared.. 43. CEXOROSPINGTJS, p. 237. 
Tail lengthened, much rounded 44. UnoTHRAUPis, p. 251. 
Bill very thin and slight 45. MICBOSPINGUS, p. 26% 

43. CHLORosriNGus. 
237 

43. CHLOROSPINGUS. 
Type. 
Cklorospingus, Cab. Mm. Jlehi, i. p. 139 f 1861).. C. ophthalmicus. 
Hernispingiis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 139 (1851) . . C. superciliaris. 
Dacnidea, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 131 C. leucogaater. 

Structure of Chlorospiitgus ophthalmicus. 

This genus has an extensive range in the Neotropical Region, from 
Southern Mexico to Bolivia. The species are clad in sober hues of 
olive and brown, and are mostly found in the elevated regions of 
the Andes. The hill, rather stout in the typical forms, becomes 
much weaker in the more aberrant species, and approximates these 
latter to some of the Mniotiltidce so much that it is difficult to draw 
the line in some cases. 

The eggs of C. fiavijpectus were obtained by Salmon in Antioquia, 
and are figured, P. Z. S. 1879, pi. xlii. fig. 6. They are of a pinkish 
white, spotted with grey and brown. 

Key to the Species. 

Sect. A. Bill shorter, thicker, more Fringilline. (CHLOROSPINGIIS.) 

a. With a white postocular spot. 
a'. Without white superciliaries. 
a . Cap dark brown, without a mesial 
) 
hand : 
throat white 1. ophthalmicus, p. 238. 
throat brownish white, speckled 


with blackish 2. albitemporalis, p. 239. 
I2. Cap dark brown, with a pale 
mesial hand 3. olivacens, p. 240. 

238 
TANAGBIDJE. 

cK Cap uniform greyish browndK Cap greya3. Cap black

Jf. With white superciliaries

J. 
Without a white postocular spot. 
c'. With a pale yellowish breast-band: 
j throat brownish white, speckledUhroat clear greyish white(throat brownish, imspeckled

d'. Without a yellowish breast-band. 
f'2. Head yellowish olive : 

throat and chin yellowthroat yellow; chin white ; .
whole under surface yellowish 

olive

g2. Head dark cinereous : 
J throat cinereous} throat whitish

Sect. B. Bill longer, thinner, more Sylviine.

c. JBack olive. 
e'. Cap black. 
h2. Superciliaries white : 
I cheeks olive
j cheeks black


i2. Superciliaries reddish yellow ... .
/' . Cap grey. # 

j 2. Throat cinereous; abdomen yellow: 
I bill red) bill dark corneous

k2. Whole under surface yellow: 
j superciliaries whiteI superciliaries olive

g\ 
Cap olive, like the back : 
) abdomen yellow
) abdomen olive


d. 
Back grey or olive-brown. 
ti. Under surface grey. 
P. 
No white superciliaries : 
( head black, vertex rufous ... .
] head uniform cinereous ,
m2. Superciliaries white
i'. Under surface rufous. 


n2. Head black; superciliaries white : 
(chin black; breast redI chin red like breast

o2. Head plumbeous; superciliaries 
indistinct. 

az. Sides of head black: 
1 superciliaries whitish/superciliaries obsolete

b3 

, Sides of head fuscous

 4. posfoculans, p. 240. 
& signatus, p. 241. 
6. punctulatm, p. 241. 
7. pileatus, p. 241. 
8. favijpectus, p. 242. 
9. canigularis, p. 242. 
10. pjiceocephalus, p. 243. 
11. ftavigularis, p. 243. 
12. hypophcens, p. 243. 
13. flavovirens, p. 244. 
14. semifums, p. 244. 
15. 
cinereocepftalus, p. 244. 
(HEMISPINGUS.) 
16. atripUeus, p. 243. 
17. auricularis, p. 245. 
18. calophrys, p. 245. 
10. rtibrirostris, p. 246. 
20. cliry$oga$ter9 p. 246. 
21. supe7*ciliaris7 p. 246. 
22. reyi, p. 247. 
23. chrysophrys} p. 247. 
24. ignahilis, p. 248. 
25. wrticalis, p. 248. 
26. xanihophthalmm^. 249. 
27. leucogaster, p. 249. 
28. cmtaneicolUsf p. 249. 
29, goeringi, p. 250. 
30. melanotic p. 250. 
31.fterlepschi, p. 251. 
32. ochraceus, p. 251. 
1. CMorospingus ophthalmicus. 
Arremon ophthalmicus, Du Bus, Btdl Acad. Brux. xiv. pt 2, p. 106 
(1847) j id. Bev, Zool, 1848, p. 247. 

43. cnLOEOsrix&TJs. 
239 

'Chlorospingus leucopkrys, Cab. Mas. Rein. i. p. 139. 
Pipilopsis ophthalmicus, Bp. Comp, i. p. 485 (partim). 
CHorospingus ophthalmicus, JSclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 89, 302, et 


1859, pp. 364, 377; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 27 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 88 ; 
Cab. J. /. 0. 1866, p. 162; Smnichr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. K. i. p. 549 
(Vera Cruz) ; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, I860, p. 32 ; iid. Nomencl p. 24 ; 
Salv. Cat. Strickl Coll p. 196; Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.-A?n., 

Aies7 i. p. 314 

Above olive-green; cap and sides of head dark brown, beneath 
the eve blackish; postoeular spot white : below yellowish olive, 
throat and middle of belly greyish white ; under wing-coverts 
white; bill black; feet hazel: whole length 5-8 inches, wing 2*9, 
tail 2*4. Female similar. 

Ilab. Southern Mexico. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
b. Ad. bk. Orizaba {Botteri). Purchased. 
c. Ad. fek. Orizaba (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 
d. 5 ad. bk. Valley of Mexico (Le Strange). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. isk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. hk. Jalapa, Mexico (iZof/e). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. bk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
2. CMorospingus albitemporalis. 
Tachyphonus albitempora, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 12; Bp. Consp. 
i. p. 237. 
Chloio^pingxis albitemporalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 155,1856, p. 89, 
et lb58, p. 293 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 28; id. Cat. A. B. p. 89; 
Cassin, Pn Ac. So. Phil. 1865, p. 171 (Costa Rica) • Later. Ann. 

L. N. Y. ix. p. 101 (Costa Rica); Salv. P.Z.S. 1870, p. Ib8 
(Chiriqui) ; id. Cat Strickl Coll. p. 196; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 186*, 
p. 630 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 602 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl p. 24; 
Wt/aftf Ibis, 1871, p. 327 (Colombia) ; Tacz. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 513; 
Bed. J.f. 0.3884, p. 293 (Bucaramanga). 
Chlorofrpinprus 
flaviventris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 91 (cf. Salv. Cat. 
Strickl CUl p. 197). 

Above olive-green; cap and sides of the head dark brown; postocular 
spot white: beneath yellowish olive ; throat dirty white, 
slightly speckled with blackish points; middle of belly greyish 
white; under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet hazel: whole 
length 5'8 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-3. Female similar. 

Hub. Costa Rica, Veragua, Colombia, Venezuela, and Bolivia. 

A close ally of 0. ophthalmicus^ but distinguishable by its more 
brownish throat, the brighter yellowish olive below, the smaller 
postoeular spot, and the lighter colour under the eye. 

a, b. £ ad. sk. Costa Rica {Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Frantzius). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
Ad. sk. Volcano de Cartago, Costa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Rica (Arce). 
e. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Rogers), 
240 TANAGBIBiE. 
/ , ff. cS ad. sk. Southern slope of Volcan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. st.
«. Ad.sk.
j , k. Ad. sk.
de Oliiriqui (Arci). 
Caraccas (jbysori). 
Venezuela (Goer'mg). 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, m. Ad. sk.
n. d ad. sk.
o. $ ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
(Buckley). 
Bolivia (Bridges). 
Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia (Buchley). 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

3. Chlorospingus olivaeeus. 
Poospiza olivacea, Bp.y Consp. i. p. 473. 
Chlorospingus olivaceus, Set. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 90; id. Syn. Ac. Tan. 


p. 28 j Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 315. 
Above olive-green; cap and sides of the head dark brown, with a 
slight cinerascent occipital band; postocnlar spot white: "below 
yellowish olive, throat and middle of the belly greyish white; 
under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet hazel: whole length 
5-5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*3. Female similar. 

Hah. Yera Paz, Guatemala. 
Yery closely allied to (7. ophthalmicus, but distinguishable by its 
greyish occipital band. 

a. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
c.Ad.sk. Kamkhal, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Central America. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq. 
4. Chlorospingus postocularis. 
Chlorospingus postocularis. Cab. J. f. 0.1866, p. 163 * Salv. et Godm. 
Biol. Centr.-Am.) Aves, i. p. 314. 

Above olive-green; cap and sides of the head uniform greyish 
brown; postocular spot white: below yellowish olive, throat and 
middle of the belly greyish white ; under wing-coverts white ; bill 
black; feet hazel: whole length 5*9 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2*5. 
Female similar. 

Hob. Guatemala, Yolcan de Puego and Volcan de Agua. 

Another very close ally of C. ophthalmicus, apparently only distinguishable 
by the greyish tint of the brown cap. 

a. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala {Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, e. $ ad. sk. Volcano de Fuego, Calderas Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 

d. $ ad. sk. Volcano de Fuego (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Volcano de Agua; San Diego Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin), 
241 

43 . CHLOROSPINGTTS. 
5. Chlorospingus signatus. 
Chlorospingus signatus, Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 82. 
Above olive-green; cap and sides of the head uniform dark 
grey; postocular spot white: below pale greyish white, clearer in 
the middle of the belly; a narrow pectoral band and the crissuni 
pale yellowish; flanks yellowish olive ; under wing-coverts white ; 
bill black, paler beneath; feet slaty : whole length 5*1 inches, 
wing 2-7, tail 2-3. 

Bah. Ecuador, Eastern slope. 

This species is quite distinct, and easily recognized by its grey 
head. It is much like G. canigidaris, but has a well-marked pObtocular 
spot. 

a. 
S ad. sk. Ecuador (Stofcmann). Sclater Coll. (One of 
the types of the species.) 
h. O ad. sk. Mapota, Ecuador (Stolzmami). Sclater Coll. 
6. Chlorospingus punctulatus. 
Chloros*pingus punctulatus, 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z, 8 1809, p. 440; iid. 
So?neneC-p. 24; Salvin, P. Z. S.1870, p. 188 (Yeragua) j Salv. et 
Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 316, t. xxii. fig. 1. 

Above olive; cap and sides of head black; postocular spot white; 
beneath yellowish olive; breast tinged with orange; throat yellowish, 
finely pointed with black; middle of belly white; under wing-
coverts white tinged with yellow; bill black; feet brown: whole 
length 5'2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-2. Female similar. 

Hah. Yeragua. 

Easily known by its black head and punctured throat. 

a-c. S ad. sk.; d. J Cordillera del CIiucu, Salvin-Godman Coll, 
ad. sk. Yeragua (Arce). (Types of the species.) 
e,f. Ad. sk. Yeragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 


7. Chlorospingus pileatas. 
Chlorospingus pileatus, 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 581 (Costa Eica) ; 
Later. Ann. L. JV. Y. ix.jp. 101 (Costa Eica) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 24; Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 316, t. xxii. 
fig. 2 ; liidgw. Pt\ U. 8. N. M. 1883, p. 412 (Costa Eica). 
Above olive ; cap and sides of the head dull black; long super


ciliary stripe and postocular spot running into it white; beneath 

yellowish olive, throat and middle of the belly greyish white; 

under wing-coverts white : bill black; feet pale brown: whole 

length 5*4 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2'6. Female similar. Young. 

Above like the adult but duller; beneath 
yellowish, with slight 

blackish sagittate spots ; lower mandible yellowish. 

Bab. Costa Eiea and Chiriqui. 

Readily known by the long white superciliary stripe. The space 

just above the eye is black, above which is the white stripe. 

VOL. xi. 
B 

 TANAGKIDJE. 

a) b. Ad. sk. Volcan de Cartago, Costa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eica (Arce). (Tyj>es of the species.) 


c. Ad. sk.; d. Jr.ak. Irazu, Cobta Kica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Kica (Rogers). Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Qodman Coll. 
8. Chlorospingns flavipectus. 
Arremon flavipectus, Zafr. Rev. Zool 1840, p. 227. 
Taohyphonub flavipeclns, Zafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 11; Bp. Camp. 


i. p. 237. 
Pipilopsis flavipectus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 485. 
Chlorospingus flavipectus, Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 139 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1655, p. 155, et 1856, p. 90; id Syn. Av. Tan. p. i>8 ; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 89; Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. 24; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 503 
(Antioquia); Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 197. 
Above olive; cap dark cinereous, sides of the head blacker: beneath 
yellowish olive, brighter on the breast; throat greyish white, 
with slight black punctulations; middle of belly white ; bill black; 
feet dark brown: whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*4. 
Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. $ J ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
U.S. C. (Salmon). 
f. 
(S ad. sk. Eetiro, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
g. Ad. sk. Medellin, u. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon), 
h. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman ColL 
9. Chlorospingns canigularis. 
Tachyphonus canigularis, Zafr. Rev. Zool 1848, p. 11; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 237. 
Pipilopsis canigularis, Bp, Cmisp. i. p. 485. 
Chlorospingus canigularis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 139; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 155, 1856, p. 90, et 1859, p. 138; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 28 • 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 89; Scl et Sah. Nomencl p. 24; Berl et Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1883, p. 547 (Ecuador); Sah. Cat. Strickl. Coll p. 197. 
Hemispingus veneris, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 22. 
Above olive • cap and sides of the head cinereous: beneath yellowish 
olive, throat and middle of the belly pnre greyish white; 
under wing-coverts white • bill black; feet brown: whole length 
4*8 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-2. Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 

Very like C. Jlavijoectus, but smaller, and always recognizable by 
its lighter grey head and purer greyish-white throat. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Purchased. 
43 . CEXOKOSPINGRJS. 
24 3 
10. CMorospingus pyocephalus. 
CMorospingus 
pyocephalus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 521, 
pi. 52. fig. 2; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S.1884, p. 290. 
CMorospingus albitemporalis, Sel Cat A. B. p. 89 (517, c.) 

Above olive-green; cap and sides of head dark cinereous; throat 
pale brownish; breast, flanks, and crissum olive-green; middle of 
belly cinereous; under wing-coverts whitish; bill dark corneous; 
feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*2. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Western Ecuador. 
Nearest to G. flavijpeatt^, but distinguishable by its darker unspeckled 
throat, and much less bright breast and flanks. 

a. J ad. sk. Ecuador (Stohmami). Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Chillanes, Ecuador {Preiser). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. CMorospingus flavigularis. 
Pipilopsis flavigularis, 8cL Hev, Zool 1852, p. 8; id. Contr. Orn. 
1852, p. 131, pi. 98. 

CMorospingus flavigularis, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 155,185G, p. 91, et 
1800, p. 86: id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 29; id. Cat. A. B. p. 89; Sol et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 750, 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru) et p. 263 

(E. Peru), 1879, p. 002 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 24; Berl. et 
Tacz. P. Z.S. 1883, p. 547, et 1885, p. 81 (Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 514. 
Above yellowish olive; wings and tail brown edged with olive: 
beneath pale cinereous, almost white in the middle of the belly; 
throat yellow; crissum yellowish; under wing-coverts white, slightly 
tinged with yellow; bill dark plumbeous, paler below; feet 
plumbeous: whole length 5*9 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2-b. Female 
similar. 

Hob* Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a, h. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
SaMn-Godrnan Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
e. Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Praser). Sclater Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Chayavetas, Eastern Peru Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(Bartktt). 

a. 
Q ad. sk. Chayavetas, Eastern Peru Purchased. 
(BartleU). 
h. Ad.sk. Cosnipata, Vem (Whitefo/). Sclater Coll. 
L Ad, sk. Sima@u, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
12. CMorospingus hypopliasus. 
CMorospingus 
hypophseus, 8cl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 389; iid. 
Nommcl p. 24; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 188; Salv. et Qodm. Biol 
Centr.-Am., Aves, I p. 317, t. xxii. fig. 3. 

Above uniform yellowish olive; throat yellow, growing paler, 
K2 

TAXAGBXDM. 

almost white, on the chin; abdomen pale cinereous, white in the 
middle, with a tinge of brown on the breast and of olive on the 
crissum; nnder wing-coverts dirty white, with a slight tinge of 
yellow ; bill dark horn-colour, paler below; feet brown: whole 
length 5'5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2. Female similar. 

Hab. Yeragua. 
Nearest to G. flamgtdaris, but easily distinguished by its whitish 
chin and the brownish tinge of the breast. 

a, h. § ad. sk. Calovevora, Yeragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the specie*.} 
c. Ad. sk. Calovevora, Yeragua (Arce). O. fealvin, Esij. "P.". 
d. $ ad. sk. Ckitra, Yeragua (Aj-ce). ' Salvin-Gudnian Coll. 
€}f. $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 

13. Chlorospingus flavovirens. 
Buarremon flavovirens, Later. Ann. L. Y.^I" viii. p. 4137 (1807). 
Chlorospingus flavovirens, Sclater, Ibis, 1&!?5; p. 274. 

Above clear yellowish olive; below brownish yellow; flanks 
somewhat cinereous; under surfaces of wings and tail brownish 
cinereous; bill dark horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 0 inches, 
wing 3*5, tail 2*5. 

Hab. Ecuador. 

Only known from a single skin (apparently of Quito make) in 
Mr. Lawrence's collection. Upper surface like that of 6r. %|/u~ 
tphoeus, lower clear uniform brownish yellow. 

14. Chlorospingus semifHscns. 
Chlorospingus semifuscus, ScL ei Sain KomencL pp. 24f 157, 
Above olive-green; cap, nape, and sides of the head dark brownish 
cinereous: below rather paler Brownish cinereous, lighter in the 
middle of the belly; lower flanks, erissum, and under wing-coverts 
dull olive: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*5. 

Hah. Yicinity of Quito, Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
15. Chlorospingus cinereocepiialTis. 
Chlorospingus cinereoeephalus, Tacz, P, Z* S. 1874, pp. 132, 51IX 
Above olive-green; head and neck cinereous ; below pale whitish 
cinereous, throat with a slight fulvous tinge : middle of bellv almost 
white ; flanks and erissum yellowish olive; under wing-coverts white 
tinged with yellow; bill blackish, paler below; feet brown: whole 
length 5-2 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*2. 
Hab. Central Peru. 

A distinct species, recognizable by its pale colour below and by 
the slight fulvous tinge on the throat. The specimen kindly lent 

43 . CHL0E0SPI3TGUS. 24:0 
to me by M. Taezanowski had slight traces of white on the cilise o£ 
tiie eje: hut as this is more apparent on one side than the other, it 
may be due to individual variation. 

10. CMorospingns atripileus, 
Arremon atrijrileus, Zafr. Met. Zool 1842, p. 335. 
Pipilopsis atripileus. Bp. Consp. i. p. 485. 
CMorospinous atripileus, Scl P. Z. S. 1855, p. 155, 1856, p. 91, et 


1800, pp. 76,60; id. Syn. An. Tan. p. 29; id. Cat. A. B. p. 89 ; Scl. 
et Salv. XomfficL p. 24; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 504 (Antioquia) ; 
Sale. Cat. Strickl. Coll p. 197; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 
(Ecuador). 

Above olive-green; cap Hack; sides of head dark olive; long 
superciliary stripe white: beneath yellowish olive, brighter in the 
middle; bill horn-colour, paler below; feet pale brown: whole 
length 5*9 inches, wing 2-8, tail 3. Female similar. 

llfjb. Colombia and Ecuador. 

ay h. Ail. hk. Colombia. Purchased. 

e. rf ad. di. ('olombia. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bojrota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad, 4%. M*'tl«*llin, U.S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. % at I. -k Lh mf KmrnloT {Fra^r). Sclater Coll 
//. Ad. tok. Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
17. Chlorospingns auricularis. 
Chlorospingus (Ilemispingus) auricularis, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 318; 
Tacz. P. Z. & 1874, p. 51G; id. Dm. Per. ii. p. 519. 

Above olive-green; cap and sides of head black; long and broad 
superciliary stripe* white : beneath yellow, throat tinged with orange, 
flanks and lower belly more olivaceous ; bill plumbeous ; feet pale 
brown: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2-8. Female 
similar, but throat not so bright. 

Ilab. Peru. 
Closely allied to C, atripileus, but with the sides of the head 
decidedly black like the cap, and more brightly coloured below. 

a. gad.sk. Central Peru (Jehfa). Sclater Coll. 
18. Chlorospingns calophxys. 
CMowpingiis calophiys, Scl. et Sab, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 354,1879, 
p. tm (Bolivia). 
Above olive-green, cap and sides of head black; broad superciliary 
stripe bright orange-rufous : below yellow, passing into orange-
rufous on the throat; flanks and crissum yellowish olive; bill pale 
plumbeous, lower mandible whitish; feet pale brown : whole length 
5*5 inches, wing 2*G. 

Ilab. Bolivia. 

TA3$A.&R1I)M.

246 

This is another representative of 0. airqnlem, but quite distinct 
with its orange-rufous eyebrows and throat. 

a Ad sk Tilotilo, Yumras, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type 
(Buckley). of the species.) 

19. Chlorospingus rubrirostris. 
Arremon rubrirostris, Zafr. Mev. Zool 1840, p. 227. 

Nemosia rubrirostris, Zafr. Rev. Zool 1648, p. 11. 

Pipilopsis rubrirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 485. _ 

Hemispingus rubrirostris, Cab. Mm. Hem. i. p. 138. 

Chlorospingus rubrirostris, Selater, P. Z. S. 1*55, p. 1*55, 1850, 

p, 92; id. Si/n. Ao. Tan. p. W; id. Cat A. B. p. <0; Set et Sate. 
Nomencl p.*24; iicl P. Z. S. 1670, p. 504 (Antinquia): Salv. Cat. 
StricU. Coll. p. 197. 

Above olive-green: head and neck cinereous; beneath yellow, 
throat and upper breast pale cinereous ; flanks and cri<sum olive-
green ; bill red; feet pale brown ; whole length 5'7 inches, wing 3*1, 
tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a-c. Ad. sk. Bogota, U. B. C. Sclat«*r CoIL 

d. Ad. sk. Bogota, U. S. C. Rih in-f Jidiuan CoIL 
e. Ad. sk. Medellin, Lr. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Jad.sk. Santa Elena,U.S. C. (Salmtm). Salvin-Hodman Coll. 
g, h. Ad.sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Bueklif). »Sa!viD-Godman Cull. 
20. OHorospiiigiis chrjsogaster. 
Chlorospingus 
chrysogaster, Toes. P. Z. S. 1674, p. 517; ill Orn. 
Per, ii. p. 515. 

Above olive-green ; head and neck cinereous : below bright 
yellow; throat and breast pale cinereous; bill and feet brown: 
whole length 5-6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*5. 

Hah. Peru. 

I am greatly indebted to 11. Taczanowski for the loan of a 
specimen of this distinct species. It is neare&t to €f. ruhrirostris, 
but the bill is dark horn-colour instead of red, and the whole belly 
is clear yellow. 

21. Chlorospinpis superciliaris. 
Arremon superciliaris, Zafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 227. 

Nemosia superciliaris, Zafr. Be®. Zool 1848, p. 11. 

Pipilopsis superciliaris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 485. 

Hemispingus superciliaris, Cab. Mm. ffein, i p. 133. 

Chlorospingus superciliaris, Stolater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 155,1850, p. 02, 

et 1860, pp. 65, 8®; id. Sy?u Ao. Tan. p. 80; id. CM. A. B. p. 90; 

Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 24 ; Tacz. P. Z.8.1870, p. 229 (N. Peru I, 

1880, p. 195 (N. Peru); id, Orn. Pm\ ii p. 517; Sab. Cat 

Strickl. Coll p. 197. 

Hylophilus leucophrys, Zafr, Rev. Zool VMA7 p. 83. 

48. CBXOBospo-Gus. 247 
CMoTOspiBgus mgrifrons, Lawr. Ibis, 1875, p. 384; Bed. et Tacz. 
P.Z&15S4p.290. 
OMorospirtgus superciliaris nigrifrons, iter/, a* Tacz. P. Z. & 1885. 

p. 81. 
Above olive-green; front half of cap and sides of head cinereous; 
superciliary btripe white: below yellow; bill plumbeous; feet pale 
brown : whole length 5*3 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2-5. Female 

similar. 

Rah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

In Western Ecuador specimens present a darker forehead and sides 
of the head (C. Mfjnfroas, Lawrence). But it is in some cases 
difficult to say to which form a specimen should be referred, and I 
think it is better to regard this as a ease of subspecies. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a, k Ad. «k.
'*. Ad. >k. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
dr e. Ad. 4i. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1). Subsp. nigrifrons. 
a. Ad. «k. Ecuador. Purchased. 
k AiL »k. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad.
d. Ad. ^L 
ftk. Ecuador. 
Ecuador (Fraser). 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
enf. Ad. 4c.
gJ Ad. »nk. 
Mcalj Ecuador (Buckley). 
Jlnia, Ecuador {Buckley), 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

22. CMorospingns reyi. 
('hlorospingus reyi, Berlepsch, Ibis, 188o, p. 288. 
Above olive; cap cinereous; below yellow; flanks olivascent; 
under wing-coverts yellowish ; beak plumbeous; feet pale brown : 
whole length (about) 5*5 inches, wing 2*7. 

Hah. Merida, Venezuela. 

Nearest to C mperciliaris^ but without any white superciliaries. 
A single, not quite perfect, skin is in Graf v. Berlepseh's collection: 
1 am greatly indebted to him for the loan of it. 

2& CMorospiBgus chrysoplirys. 
Chlorospngus xanthophrys, Bel et 8alv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 780 (nee 

Chloiuspingus chrysoplirys, ScL et Sab. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 235. 

* Above olive-green; superciliary stripe yellow : beneath yellow ; 
under wing-coverts whitish; bill plumbeous; feet brown: whole 
length 5*5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2*3. 
Mak ICerida, Venezuela. 
Of the same structure as 0. superciliaris, but distinguishable by its 
yellow supereiliaries. 

248 TA^AGBIBM. 
a. Q ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). SclaterColl. ^ (Type 
of the species.) 
h J ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

24. CMorospingns ignobilis. 
Sphenop^ ignobilis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 379; id. Cat. A. B. p. 1130. 
Sphenopsis ignobilis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. xvi. 
Chlorospingus ignobilis, Scl. et Sate. P. Z. S. 1870. p. 754 'Venezuela), 


1879, p. 504 (Antioquia). 
Chlorospingus oleasineus, Scl. P.Z.S. ISO:?, p. 110; ifl Cat A. B. 

p. 339; Scl. et Salv. Nommcl p. 24; Tacs. P. Z. S. 1-74, p. 317 
(C. Peru), 1879, p. 229 (X. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 316? TVKK. 
^ Per/. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 81 (Ecuador). 
Above olive-green ; wings and tail brownish ; win'JM-orerts edged 
with olive; slight superciliary stripe yellowish; beneath jellowi^h 
olive with a slight rufeseent tinge ; hill and feet pale* brown : whole 
length 5'o inches, wing 2-8, tail 2*7. Ftinah similar. 

Hub. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, 

a, h. Ad st. Venezuela (Dyson). Pureluwd. 
c.Ad.sk. South America. HrktiT Gll.^lT w of 
Spkimjm vjnMliSt Setater.) 

d. d" ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Vulval A hnhtmn Coll. 
e. Ad.sk. Bogota. Hekter Cull. fl\pe of 
Ch. ohagint i«f Sclater.) 
f. 
Ad. sk. Bogota, Colombia. $ahin~(vodman Coll. 
g. 
Jad.sk. Santa Elena, Colombia (Sal- Salwn-({odu*an ColL 
?nan). 
25. CHorospiagns verticals, 
Nemosia verticalis, Lqfr. jRev. Zool. 1840, p. 227; Bp. Connp. L p. 230. 
Chlorospingus verticalis, Sctater, P. Z. S. 1^33, p. 15**5, I*3ti, p, (j;j ; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 31; id. Cat. A. B. p. JK); *Sc/.^ Sale. Xttmenel. 

p. 24; iid. P. Z. S. 1379, p. £04 (Antiuquia); Sttlv. Cat Sitkkl 
Coll.-p. 197. 
Chlorospingus 
lichtensteini, Sclafer, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 30; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 31; ScL et Salv. Xurnencl. p. 24. 

Above cinereous ; wings and tail dark brown.; head black, broad 
vertical stripe pale rufous: below pale cinereous, middle of belly 
whitish ; throat black; under wing-coverts white ; bill black; feet 
dark brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2-b. Young 
like the adult, but throat white. 

Hub. Colombia and Ecuador. 

I am not quite sure whether the female resembles the male in 
this species or has the throat white. There are several transitional 
specimens in the series between the young white-throated bird 

(C. Uchtemteini, mihi, olim) and the adult. 
a. Ad.; b, c. Jr. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman ColL 
d. 
Ad.; e,f, g. Jr. Bogota. Sclater CV>1L 
sk. 
43 . CBXGKOSPrXGITS. 
A, L Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
> Ad. fcL Medellin, U.S.C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

A". Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

26. CMorospingns xanthopMhalmus. 
Dacnis xanthophthalma, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 510, 1882, p. 9. 
Chlorospingus xantkopiitlialmus, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 522. 

Female. Above nearly uniform brownish grey, with a very slight 
tinge of chocolate-brown on the head : below pale whitish cinereous, 
clear in the middle and more cinerascent on the sides; under wing-
coverts white ; erissum slightly tinged with fulvous; bill blackish ; 
feet brown: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*5. 

Huh. Northern and Central Peru. 

My characters are from one of the two only known examples of 
this species, kindly lent to me by the Warsaw Museum. In accordance 
with M. Taczanowski's latest view, that this is probably the 
female of a Chloeo^phtgus allied to C. verticalis, I place it here, 
but I am not at all sure that the discovery of the male may not 
result in causing the species to be moved back into the Coerebidce. 

27- ChlorospiiLgus leucogaster. 

Dacuidea leucogaster, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 131, pL xix. fig. 2. 

1 >acnidea albiventria, Tacz. P. Z, 8. 1874, p. 510. 

t'klorohpingus leucogaster, Tacz, P. Z. S.1882, p. 15 ; id. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 516. 
Above cinereous; head rather darker, superciliary stripe from the 
front to beyond the eye white; lower back slightly tinged with 
olive; wings arid tail blackish, edged with olivaceous cinereous: 
beneath white, breast and flanks cinerascent; erissum and flanks 
slightly tinged with fulvous; under wing-coverts white; bill and 
feet plumbeous; whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*4. Female 
similar. 

Habm Peru. 

1 agree with II. Stolzmann's opinion, recorded by M. Taczanowski 
(Om. Pen ii, p. 519), that this is a Chlorospingus, and that the 
genus Dacuidea may be suppressed. 

a. J ad. sk. Chachapoyas, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
28. Chlorospingus castaneicollis. 
t'hloiwpmgufl castaneicollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 293: id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 00, pi. x.; 8cL et Salv. XomencL p. 24; iid. P.Z.8. 
1870, p. 602 (Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. Ib74, p. 517 (C. Peru), 1879, 
p. 229; id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 520. 
Above olive-brown; head dark greyish black; sides of head 

25 0 
TAETAGKIDJB. 

black, bordered above by distinct white superciliaries ; wings and 
tail dark brown, with olivaceous edgings on the wings: below 
chestnut-red, much paler and more fulvous on the middle of the 
belly; chin and upper part of throat black; under wing-coverts 
rufous; bill black; feet pale brown: whole length 5-3 inches, 
wing 2-4, tail 2*4. 

Hal. Poru and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Peru. Sclater Coll. ^ (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
c~e. Ad. sk. Ramosani, Bolivia (Biickley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
29. (Morospingus goeringi. 
Chlorospingus goeringi, 
Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 784, pi. xlvi. 
rig. 1; ikl. Nomencl. p. 24. 

Above dark slate-colour, head black; long and broad superciliaries 
white; wings and tail brownish black: below chestnut-red, 
flanks brownish; bill dark plumbeous; feet pale brown : whole 
length 6 inches, wing 2-5^ tail 2-Q. 

Hal. Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 
This is a very well-marked species, with its broad white superciliaries 
and chestnut under surface. 

a. Ad. sk. Paramos of Merida, Venezuela Sclater Cull. (Type 
(Goering). of the species.) 
30. Chlorospingus melauotis. 
Chlorospingus melanotis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 157, pi. 68,1855, 

p. 155, 1856, p. 92; id. 8yn. Av. Tan. p. 30; 8cl. ettialv.Nomencl. 
p. 24; Tacs. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 82 (Ecuador). 
Above dark plumbeous, lower back tinged with olive; wings and 
tail brownish black, with olivaceous edgings; lores and sides of 
head black, bordered above by slight whitish superciliaries : below 
reddish ochraceous, brighter in the middle, and passing into brown 
on the flanks; under wing-coverts fulvous ; bill dark plumbeous; 
feet pale rufous: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-6. 
Female similar, but above paler and more olivaceous. 

Hab. Colombia. 

Only known to me from specimens received in " Bogota " collections 
; but the two following species, from Ecuador and Peru, are 
very closely allied. 

«, b. Ad. sk. Bogota, Purchased. (Types of the species.) 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll. 
e,/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


44 . TTROTHRAirPIS. 
31. CHorospiugus Tberlepscld. 
Clilorospingus berlepschi, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 195 j id. Orn. Pir. 
ii. p. 521. 
Female. Above olive-brown, wings and tail more rufescont; cap 
plumbeous; sides of head black : below chestnut-red, passing into 
fulvous on the middle of the belly and into brownish on the flanks; 
under wing-coverts pale fulvous: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2-7, 
tail 2 5. 

Hah. Central Peru. 

Yery closely allied to the preceding, but without any traces of 
superciliaries, and with the plumbeous cap well defined. I am 
much indebted to the "Warsaw Museum for the loan of the typical 
specimen. It is a female, but the male will probably not differ 
materially. 

32. Chlorospingus ochraceus. 
Chlorospingus ochraceus, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S.1884, p. 291, pi. xxiv. 
fig. 1. 

Similar to C. melanotis, but with the sides of the head brown 
instead of black, middle of belly darker, and crissum more rufous. 

Hah. Western Ecuador. 

Described from female examples in Graf v. Berlepsch's collection, 
obtained by Siemeradzki. Possibly not different from Q. melanotis. 

44. UBGTHRAUPIS. 
Type. 
Urothraupis, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 83 U. stokmanni. 
The single species of this genus from Western Ecuador might 

almost be placed along with the more slender-billed Ohlorospingi, 
from which, however, it differs in its longer and much rounded tail, 

1. Urothraupis stokmanni. 
Urothraupis stokmanni, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 83, pi. viii. 

Above black; rump and edges of wing-coverts slightly olivaceous: 
below white, varied on the breast and belly with schistaceous; 
flanks, crissum, and under wing-coverts schistaceous, with slight 
olivaceous tinge; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 0 
inches, wing 3*1, tail 3-2. Female. Nearly similar, but not quite so 
dark in colour. 

Hah. Eastern slope of Andes of Ecuador. 

a. 
(5 ad. sk. San Rafael, Ecuador (IStob- Sclater Coll. (One of the 
mann). tyPes °f ^Q species.) 
25 2 
TA^AGRID^. 

45. MICROSPINGUS. _ 
Microspingus, Tacz. P. Z & 1874, p. 132 M. trinisciatus. 
Structure of Microspingus trifasciatus. 

This little bird, with its short, straight, and slender bill, is, perhaps, 
better placed in this position than in any other that I can at 
present suggest for it. But it is certainly a very abnormal Tanager, 
as evidenced not only by its structure but also by its style of coloration. 
It is peculiar to the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. 

1. Microspingus trifasciatus. 
Microspingus trifasciatus, 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 132, pL xix. g 
et p. 517; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 523; Sel et Salv. P.Z.3. 1879, 

p. 602. 
Above brownish olive ; cap blackish, with a broad vertical olivaceous 
band slightly indicated, and a well-marked fulvous superciliary 
stripe on each side, carried on to the nape; wings and tail 

46. PEZOPETES. 
253 
brownish black, edged with olivaceous; tips of greater and lesser 
wing-coverts pale fulvous, forming two irregular wing-bands : 
beneath bright fulvous, paler on the chin ; bill dark brown; feet 
reddish brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2'5. 

Hob. 
Peru and Bolivia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
(Buckley). 

/3. PITYLIXJE FEETOILLIKOSTEES. 

Under this head I place the most Finch-like of the Tanagers and 
their near allies. As already stated, it is very difficult to decide 
where to draw the line between some of these forms and the Ground-
Finches allied to Pijjilo. 

A. 
Bill more conical, culmen straight. 
\ Feet very large 46. PEZOPETES, p. 253. 
| Feet large 47. BTJARHEMON, p. 254. 
B. Bill larger, culmen much incurved 48. NESOSPINGUS, p. 271. 
46. PEZOPETES. 
Type. 
l\zi petes, Cab. Journ.f, Orn. 18G0, p. 415 P. capjtalis. 

Foot of Pezopetes capta-lis. 

Pezopetes has most of the general characters of Buarremon, but is 
distinguishable by its very large feet, in which respect it comes 
near the Ground-Finches (Pijnlo). It is peculiar to the highlands 
of Costa llica and Yeragua. 

TAffAG&nxai. 

254: 
1. Pezopetes capitaiis. 
Pezopetes capitalis, Cab. J.f.O. 1860, p. 415; Salv. P.Z.S. 1670, 
Buarremon capitaiis, Scl et Salv. XommcL p. 24: Boveardt, P. Z, 8. 
1878, p. 55 (Costa Rica) ; Sale, et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am^ Ares, 

I. p. 322, t. xxiii. Hg. 1. 
Above dark olive-green; wings and tail blackish, wlngs^ edged 

with, olive-green; cap black; a sKght occipital stripe and Mas of 

head dark cinereous : beneath olive-green, paler In the middle of 

the belly, and slightly tinged with brown on the flanks and eris^um ; 

chin black, passing into dark cinereous on the upper throat: bill 

black; feet dark brown: whole length 7*5 inches, wing o% tail 

3*4. Female similar. " 

Hob. Costa Rica and Chiriqul. 

a, h. Ad. sk. Volcan de Cartago, Coata Rica >Sah in-Godinau Coll. 
(Arce). 
c, d. Ad. sk. irazn district, Costa Rica Jjalviu-Uodraan Cull. 
(Rogers), 

e. Ad. sk. S. slope of volcano of Chiriqui Salvin-Godmaa Coll 
(Arce). 
47. OTABBEKMr. r 
Buarremon, Bp. Comp. i. p. 483 (1850) . .... . J), torquitlu*, 
Chrysopoga, Bp. Consp. i. p. 480 (18501 II fnitturulis. 
Pipilopsis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 485 (1850) 11 Miiiilrtifag, 
Carenochrous, ScL P. Z. S. 1856, p. 87 .......... 11 ktiuueha. 

Under the head of Buarremon, I place a series of about thirty-

five species, generally recognizable by their rather elongated conical 

bill, with the tip pointed and the culmen slightly incurred, short 

wings, and only moderately strong feet. The plumage is generally 

dull, of olive-grey and yellowish, and the sexes are alike. 

Buarremon ranges over the whole Tanagrine area of Central and 
South America, from Mexico to Bolivia and Southern Brazil, but 
is especially an Andean type. 

The eggs of B. elctoprorus obtained by Salmon in Antioquia are of 

a reddish white, thickly blotched and spotted with reel and Mac. 

I will treat of this extensive group under two subgenera;— 

L BUABBEMOK. 

This section embraces the larger and stronger species, with a larger 
and more elongated bill, longer tail, aaid stronger feet, to suit their 
terrestrial habits. 

II . PlPILOPSIS. 
The members of this group, distinguished by their shorter bill and 
smaller feet, are said by M. Stolzmann (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 197) to be 
exclusively arboreal in their habits. 

47 . 
BXTAEKEM03ST. 
255 

Key to the Species. 

A . BUAEEEMON. 
A. 
Throat white; middle of belly white; 
flanks cinereous or olive. 
a. Head black, with well-marked superciliaries 
and vertical stripe. 
a'. With a black pectoral collar : 
) flanks olive 1. torquatus, p. 256. 
I flanks brown 2. plueopleurits, p. 250. 

b'. 
With no pectoral collar: 
l vertical stripe grey S. am milt's, p. 257, 
J vertical stripe olive 4. wenticeps, p. 257. 

h. Front black, with three white points; 
crown chestnut: 
j with a black pectoral collar 5. hnmneinucha, p. 258. 
I without a black pectoral collar 6. inovnatm, p. 250. 

c. Whole head black 
7. atricapiUu^, p. 251). 
B. Throat yellow; belly yellow or white. 
d. 
Head black, with a white vertical stripe: 
j throat yellow; belly white 8. gutturalis, p. 259. 
I whole under surface yellow 9. alhinucha, p. 260. 
e. Head uniform black 
10. melanoeephahts, p. 261. 
C. Throat blackish ; abdomen dark olive. 
/. Back blackish ; eye-region white 11. leucopis, p. 261. 
g. 
Back olive; eye-region black. 
c'. Middle of belly olive 12. castaneiceps, p. 261. 
d\ Middle of belly yellow 13. cmssirostris, p. 262. 
D. Under surface black; thighs yellow ... . 14. tibialis, p. 262. 
B. PIPILOPSIS. 
A. 
Sides of head black; cap red; abdomen 
yellow. 
a. With no white mystacal stripe. 
a'. Throat black .". 15. melanolcemm, p. 263. 
b'. Throat yellow like the belly. 
a2. Back black. 

d\ No alar speculum: 
j lores yellow 16. rufinwha, p. 263. 
| lores black 17. melamps, p. 2<>3. 

ft\ 
With a white alar speculum 18. latinucha, p. 264. 

b2 

. Back cinereous : 
j lores black 19. sjwdionotas, p. 264. 
) lores yellow 20. comptus, p. 2(54. 

c\ Back olive 
21. eUeoproms, p. 265. 

b. With a white mvstacal stripe : 
j throat white .." 22. albifrenatm, p. 265. 
[ throat yellow 23. mende, p. 266. 
B. Sides of head black; occiput red or fulvous 
; abdomen white: 
i front red 24. leucopterm, p. 266. 
j front black.'."..'.'.* 25. dresseri, p. 266. 

C. 
Sides of head black: cap red; abdomen 
more or less cinereous. 
c. Middle of belly white; crissum ochra-# 
ceous 26. seebohmij p. 267, 
TJLXAGKIDJS. 

d. Whole under surface cinereous. 
c\ Narrow front Mack: 
J alar speculum white 27. schistactm, p. 2b.. 
I no alar speculum 28. taesaiwwsFm, p. 207. 

d'. Front chestnut like cap 29. castatteifrons, p. 268 

D. 
Sides of head black; front and broad 
occipital stripe white or fulvous; abdomen 
yellow: 
j nape whitish 30. paHidinncha^ p. 2C8. 
| nape yellow 31. tricolor, p. 2lU 

E. Sides of head chestnut like the cap. 
e. Breast chestnut 
32. stmirnfin, p. 2 *0. 
/*. Breast yellow: 
j back slaty 33. pmmatn^ p. 270. 
] back light olive-green _. 34. fidvit eF% p. 271). 

F. 
Sides of head yellow, with an olive auricular 
patch So. eiirihilbs; p. 270. 
A. Subgenus BrAEEinios. 
1. BuarremoB torquatns. 
Embernagra torquata, cTOrh, et Lafr. St/n. Ai\ pt i. p. 3i (1S37|. 
Arremon affinis, d'Orh. Voy., Ois. p. 2S2, pi. xwii. iitr- I. 
Buarremon torquatus, Bp. Uomp. i. p.45.**; 8el. 1\ Z, S. l^lil, p. M; 


id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 22 ; ScL et Snlv. Xumtnd. p. 24; iul J> Zr *S. 
1879, p. 602 (Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1^74, p. olZ i I Viitral Peru); 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 530. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with 
olive; bead black; vertical band cinereous ; supercilmriets, !>etrinnini$ 
above the eye, white: below white, "with a well-defined Hack pectoral 
collar; flanks and crissum olive; bene! of wing yellow; bill 
black; feet brown: whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3, tail 3*2. 

Female similar. 
Bab. Bolivia. 
a, h. Ad. etjr. sk. Bamosani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-fJotlman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 
d. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Fk-later Coll 

2. Buarremon phaeoplenrns. 
Buarremon phasopleurus, 
Sdaier, P. Z. S. 1833, p. &5; id. Si/n, Ac 
Tan. p. 23; id. Cat A. B. p. 90; ScL et 8alv. SmmMcl p. 24. 

Above olive-green * wings and tail blackish brown, edged with 
olive-green; head black; vertical stripe cinereous ; superciliaries, 
commencing on the front, white; below white, with a well-defined 
black pectoral collar ; flanks and crissum fuscous; bend of the wing 
yellow : whole length 7 inches, wing 8% tail (rather worn) & 

Hah. Venezuela. 

This is a close ally of B. torquatns, but may be distinguished by 
its brown sides and crissum. The white superciliarics commence 

47. BUAEBEXOX. 
257 

&OHL the front, instead of beginning over the eye, and the raider 
surface of the tail is much browner. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Goll. (Type of 
the species.) 
3. Buarremon assimilis. 
Tanasrra assiniilis, Boiss. Bev. Zool. 1840, p. 07. 

Buarremon absiniiiis, Bp. Omsp. i. p. 484; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 155, 
1856, p. So, 1859, p. 441, 1800, p. 76 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 23; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 90; Sah. Ibis, 1874, p. 308 (Costa Rica); id. Cat 
StrickL OAL p. 107; Scl. ef Sah. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 234 (Meiida), 
1^7a p. 504 (Antiuqufa); iid. Xomencl p. 24; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, 

p. 100 (X Peru), 1--2, p. 15 (XE. Peru); id. 
Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 531; Lawr. Ann. L. X Y. is. p. 101 (Costa Rica) ; Sah. et 
Godm. Biol. Gntr.-Am., Ares, i. p. 318; Berl et Tacc. P. Z. S. 
1-84, p. 291 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. et Bert P. Z. S. 1885, p. 84 
^ Ecuador J. 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; 
head Hack ; supercili lrics and broad vertical stripe cinereous : beneath 
white, sides cinereous, tinged with olive on the flanks and 
criasunt; bend of the wing yellow; bill black; feet brown: whole 
length 7*4 inches, wing Jj-4, tail 3-5. Ftmah similar. 

Hah. Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. 

a. Ad. hk. Venezuela, 
Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
ft Ad. -k. Bugota. Purchased. 
df e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/• 5 ad. &k. iledellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Grodman Coll, 
(Salmon), 
ffj h. Ad. dc Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,J. Ad, sk. Quito. Gould Coll. 
kl Ad. sk. Cuterro, Peru (Siolzmami). Sclater Coll. 

I. Ad. sk. Callacate, Peru (Stokmann). 
Sclater Coll. 
4. Bnarremon wenticeps. 
Fringiila quadrhittata, Liehi. in Mm. Berol 

BuaiTemon \irenticep-<, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. G57; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
IfroO, p. 65; id, Spi. Av. Tan. p. 23; id. Cat A. B. p. 90 ; Scl. et 
Salv. Xommicl. p. 24; Sah. et Godm. Biol. Cenir.-Am., Aves, i. 

p. 319. 
Above olive-green ; wings and tail brown, edged with olive-green; 
head black; superciEaries and vertical stripe commencing at forehead 
whitish, then passing into yellowish olive: beneath white; 
sides cinereous, passing into olivaceous on flanks and crissum; bill 
Mack ; feet brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 3*4. 

Hub. Mexico. 

This is a close ally of B. ammilis, but distinguishable by its 
yellowish-green superciliaries and vertical stripe. 

&. Ad. sk. Mexico (Sumichrast). 
Sclater Coll. 

b. Ad. sk. Southern Mexico (Boucard). 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
c. Ad. sk. 
La Puebla, Mexico. Purchased. 
VOJG. XI. s 
258 
TANAGRlD-aE. 

5. Baarremon "bnemeiauclia. 
Embernagra brunneinucha, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1839, p. 97. 
Tanagra (Embernagra) brunnei-nucha, Bolss. Her. Zool. 1840, p. 88. 
Arremon frontalis, Tsch. in Wtegm. Arch. 1844, p. 589; id. Faun. 


Per., Ois. p. 212. 
Buarremon brunneinucha, Pp. Consp. I. p. 484; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1S55, 

p. 155, 1856, pp. So, 302, 185b, pp. 72. 30% 1**>9, pp. 304, 3??, 
3b64, p. 174 (Mexico); zVZ. %/*. Av. Tan. p. 23: iV/. Cat A. B. 
Phil. 1865, p. 170 (Costa Rica); Sumkhr. Mtm. Lust *V. X If. i. 

p. 549 (Vera Cruz); Later. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. i\. p. 101 iCcnta 
Rica); Franks. J. f. 0. 1*00, p. 300; Cab. J. f. O lN'0, p. 414 
(Costa Rica); Teres. P. Z. A 1*74, p. 515 <('entr. IVIUJ, W9 , 
p. 228 (N. Peru), 1880, p. 197 (X Peru), 1^82, p. 15 f X.E. Peru i ; 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 529; Tuez. tt Perl P. Z. & lt<h p. e4 
(Ecuador); Sah. ei Godm. Biol. Cent r.-Am., Arts, i. p. tflSL 
Buarremon xantkogenys, Cab. Mu&. Una. i p. 141. 

Above-olive green; wings and tail brown, edcrerl with olive; 
front and sides of bead black, with three white strip* •> on the inmt ; 
crown dark chestnut: below white, with a wcll~d< fined black 
pectoral collar; sides cinereous, flanks and eri^im* tinged "\\itli 
olive; bend of wing yellowish ; bill black ; feet ele ir brown: whole 
length 7*5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3*4. Funnh* simil ir. 

Hah. Southern Mexico, and throughout Central America to Vene


zuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

a. Ad. sk Jalapa (de Oca). Sclater Coll 
b. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sah in-Godman Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Tolean de Euego, Guatemala Salvm-Godman ColL 
(Salvin). 
e. J jr. sk. Calderas, Tolean de Fuego, Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Sakm). 
f. Jr. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala {Hague). Sah in-Godman Coll. 
g. S ad. sk. Dota, Costa Rica (Carmwl). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Irazudistr., Costa Rica (Rogers). Salrin-Godinan ColL 
i. Jr. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
j. <$ ad. sk. Santiago de Teragua (Arce). Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Jc. Ad. sk. Southern slope, Tolean de CM-Salvin-Gijdman ColL 
riqui (Arce). 
I 
<J ad. sk. Cordillera de Told, Teragua Salrm-Godxnan Coll. 
(Arce). 

aa^-s^


m. $ Calovevora, Teragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. S ad. sk. Merida, Tenezuela (Goermg). Salvin-Godman ColL 
o. $ ad. sk. Caracas, Tenezuela (Goering)* Sail in-Godman ColL 
p. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q, r. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater CoU. 

s. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
t. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
w. $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon), Salvin-Godman ColL 
v. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehncmn), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. Pull sk. RioNapo. 
Purchased. 
47. BTTJLRBEMOIS'. 
6. Bnarremon iaornatus. 
Buarremon brurmeinuchus, Sol F. Z. S. 1859, p. 138. 
Buarremon inornatus, Sol et Salv. Ibis. 1879, p. 427 : Berl et Tacz. 


P. Z. S. 1884, p. 291 (W. Ecuador). 
^ Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with 

olive; front and sides of head black, with three white points on the 

front; ^erown chestnnt: beneath white, sides of breast ashy, passing 

into olivaceous on the flanks and crissum; bill black; feet clear 

brown ; whole length 7*3 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3-2. Female 

similar. 

Hah. Ecuador. 

Exactly similar to B. hriuiummcha, but without the black pec


toral collar* 

«. ? ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) * 
k Full. ?k. Pallatanga {Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. f.k. Pallatanga (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Jiuia, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. Buarremon atricapillus. 
Buarremon atricapillus, Lawrence^ Ann. Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 396 (1874), 
Above rather yellowish olive-green; wings and tail blackish 
brown, edged with olive; whole head above uniform black: beneath 
white, sides of breast ashy ; flanks and crissum olive-green ; bend of 
wing yellow ; bill Mack; feet clear brown: whole length 6*5 inches, 
wing 3*4, tail 3*4. 

Ilab. Colombia. 

A scarce species, with the general structure of B. brumwinueha, 
but with a stouter bill, and at once known by its black head. 

a. Ad. sk Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Buarremon guttnralis. 
Arremon guttuialis, Lafr. Fev. Zool. 1843, p. 98. 
Buarremon gutturaHs, Jijp. Camp. i. p. 484 ; Sel P. Z. S. 1856, p. 86; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 24; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 322 j Sel et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 504 (Antioquia); Salv. et Godm. Biol Centra 
Am., Aves, i. p. 320. 
Cbrysopoga typica, Bp. Gmsp. i. p. 480. 
Buarremon chxysopogon, Sel P. Z. S. 1856, p. 86; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 

p. 24; id. Cat. A. B. p. 91; Sel et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 15 (Guatemala) 
; iid. Nomenel n. 24; Salvin, Ibis, 1870, p. 189 (Yeragua); 
Camn, iV. Ac. Sc. Fhil 1865, p. 171; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. K Y. ix. 
p. 101; Frantz. J.f.O. 1860, p. 300; Boucard, F. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 56 (Costa Rica). 
Atlapetes chrysopogon, Cab. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 414,1861, p. 94 (Costa 
Rica). 
Buarremon albinuchus, Sel et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 274 (Cohan). 

Above cinereous; head black, with a broad white vertical stripe: 

s2 

TA3SAGBXDM* 

below pale ashy white, rather darker on the sides and erissum; 
throat pale lemon-yellow; bill dark horn-colour: feet brown: whole 
length 6*7 inches, wing 2-8, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. Guatemala and throughout Central America into Colombia. 
The lemon-yellow colour on the throat is replaced in some specimens 
by bright orange. 

a. Ad. sk • h. Jr. Coban, Tera Paz (Salmi). Salrin-Godman Coil. 
sk. 
c. Ad. sk. Totonicapani, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Cull. 
(Salvin). 
cl Ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala balvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmi). 


e. $ 
ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salrin-Godiuan CuU. 
(Salvin). 
f. 
Ad. sk. Calderaa, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Gcdman Col. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 
g. Ad. sk. San Jose, Co^taliica ( Carmiol). Sabin-Oodman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Eiea (Rogers). Sabin-4 U dmm Coll. 
*. Pall. sk. Tueuniqui, Costa llica (Arte). SaIvin-0< tlmm Coll, 
j. $ ad. sk. Calove^ora, Yeragua {Arct}. Salvin-Ot»dnu:.C'olL 
k, I 
<$ ad. sk. Castillo, Yeragua (An-ej, Sahm-< ltdmm (Ml 
{OnmiseAlm at*d \ari»ty.) 

m. 
cS ad. sk. Southern blope of Volcan de Sidyiii-Ciudwki Coll 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
n. Ad. sk. Bogota {Leadbeaier). SdafrT Coll. 
°)P* <$ S ad.sk. Medeliin, Antioquia, U. S. C Salvin-Godxnan Coll. 
9. Buarremon alteaueha. 
Embernagra albinucha, ePOrb. ei Lqfr. Rev. Zintl. 183^5, p. I*i5. 
Buarremon albimicha, Bp. Consp. I. p. 464; Srlater, 1J. Z. *V. 1N>5, 

p. 155,1856, p. 86,1857, p. 2C% 1*59, pp. :&*, ^77, at 3*84, p. 17,1 
(Mexico); «YJ. %/*. ^t». TAJI. p. 1*4; id. Cat A. B. p. 91; tiel ei 
Salv. Nomend. p. 24 ; Salvin7 Cat. SirickL CW/. p. l*fe; Sunnchr. 
Mem. JBost. Soc. W. JEL. i. p. 549 (Vera Cruz); Sale, ei Godm, Bird* 
Centr.-Am^ Aves, i. p. 321. 
Buarremon vitellinus, Licht in Mu^. BeroL 
Atlapetes albinucha, Cab. Mm. Mein, i p. 140. 
Embernagra mexicana, Less. Rev. Zvol. !»#$*, p. 42. 


Above dark ashy; bead black, with a broad white vertical stripe : 

below yellow, flanks and erissum greyish ; bill dark horn-colour; 

feet hazel-brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3, tail 3-M. Female 

similar. Nestling. 
Above brownish grey; beneath with longitudinal 

blackish shaft-stripes. 

Hah. Southern Mexico and Colombia. 

The distribution of this bird is very curious, as it occurs in 

Southern Mexico (where the preceding species is not found) and 

again in Colombia, but appears absent throughout Central America. 

As in B. gutturalis (from which B. albmmha m at once distinguished 

by its yellow belly) the throat in some specimens is of a bright 
orange. 

47. BUAHEE3I0B-. 261 
«- Ad, sk. Jalapa. SclaterColl. (Variety 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Pull. sk.
d. d ad. sk. 
Jalapa {Edge). 
Jalapa (<fe Oca). 
Orizaba.
with, the throat orange.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Orizaba (Botteri). Sclater CoU. 
/ . d ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Totontepec (Boueard). 
Colombia (BelaUre). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 
h. Ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
£ Ad. sk. Central America. Purchased. 

10. Buarremon melanocephalus. 
Buarremon melanocephalus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 121. 

Above cinereous tinged -with, olive; head black, cheeks greyish : 
below yellow, chin blackish; bill black; feet hazel: whole length 
8*5 inches, win^ 2*8, tail 2*8. 

ILth. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. 

There are indications of longitudinal blackish striations in the 
youmrer specimen. The species is allied to B. albinticha, but distinguished 
at once by its black head. 

m. ^? jr. 4L San Sebastian, Sierr. NPV. of Santa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Marta (Simons). (Type of the species.) 
b. 
*? ml. 4z. San Jo*e, Sierr. Xev. of Santa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Marta (8i?nom). 
11. Buarremon leucopis. (Plate XIY.) 
Buarremon leucnpis, ScL ft Salv. P Z. S. 1878, p. 439. 

Above black, very slightly tinged with olive on the back; crown 
of head and nape dark chestnut; sides of head black; narrow rim 
round the eyes white: beneath dark olive-green, blackish on the 
chin ; hill black; feet horn-colour: whole length 7 inches, wing 
8-4, tail 3*3. 

Hob, Ecuador. 
A distinct species, very easily recognizable by the narrow white 
rim round the eye. 

a, h. Ad. sk. Yauayaca, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

12. Buarremon eastaneiceps. 
Buarremon castaneiceps, ScMer, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 441, et 1860, p. 86; 
Scl et Mv. NomemL p. 25; ud. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 505 (Antioquia). 

Above olive-green; cap chestnut; sides of head and throat 
blackish cinereous; abdomen olive-green, rather brighter than the 
hack; bill dark plumbeous, paler below: feet dark brown: whole 
length f>\5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*6. 

Hab. Ecuador and Colombia. 

 TANAG-EID^. 

Easily known by its nearly uniform olive colouring and chestnut 
head. 
Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. 

a. Ad. sk. 
(Type of the species.") 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. 
c. $ ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
sk. Ecuador. 
J. Gould, Esq. 

d. Ad. 
e. $ a< Frontino, Antioq[uia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
13. Buarremon crassirostris. 
Buarremon crassirostris, Cass. Fr. Ac. Sc. Phil I860, p. 170; Salvin, 
P.Z.S. 1867, p. 140, pi. xiv., et 1870, p. 188 (Yeragua); Set. et 
Sah. Nomencl. p. 2; Lawrence, Ann. L. N. Y ix. p. 101 (Costa 
Rica) • Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. S2S. 
Above olive-green; cap chestnut; sides of the head blackish; 
throat black, the feathers barred with white ; abdomen olive-green, 
middle of belly yellow; bill plumbeous; feet dark brown: whole 
length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2*6. Female similar. 
Hob. Costa Rica and Yeragua. 

This is rather an aberrant species of Buarremon^ with a stout 
bill and short tail. It may be distinguished from B. castaneiceps 
(which it generally resembles in colour) by the throat-feathers being 
barred with white, and by its yellow belly. 

a. 5 ad. sk. Buena Vista, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
mioT). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Cordillera de Tol£, Yeragua 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. c? ad. sk.
f. £ ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk.
(ArcS). 
Cordillera del Chucu, Yeragua 
(Arce). 
Yeragua (Arce). 
Yeragua (Arce). 
Yeragua (Arce). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
14. Buarremon tibialis. 

Tachyphonus tibialis, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 41, ix. p. 101; 
Frantz. J.f.O.1869, p. 299. 
Buarremon tibialis, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 25 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 56; Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am., Aves, L p. 322, 

t. xxiii, fig. 2. 
Above and beneath slaty black, with a slight olivaceous tinge 
below; ear-coverts shining slaty; thighs yellow: whole length 
7*4 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3*5. Female similar, but not quite so 
dark. 

Hah. Costa Rica and Yeragua. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Carmiol). 
h. Ad. sk. Yolcan de Cartago, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce'). 
47 . BUiLRKEBfON". 263 
c. cJ ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad.sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g, h Ad. sk.
*. Ad. sk. 
Parita, Costa Uica (Car 
Irazu district, Costa(Rogers). 
Costa Rica (CarmtoQ. 
Costa Rica. 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce).
miol). 
Baca 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

B. Subgenus PIPILOPSIS. 
15. Buarremon melanolsemus. 
Buarremon melanolsemus, Sol et Salv. Ibis, 1879, p. 425, pi. x. fig. 2. 
Carenoclirous melanolsBmus, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 526. 

Above sooty black; cap chestnut; throat black ; abdomen yellow, 
with slight blackish margins to some of the feathers; flanks cinereous; 
bill and feet black: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 3. 

Hob. Southern Pern. 
^ The single specimen is not quite adult, but the species is at once 
distinguishable by its black throat. 

a. 
Jr. sk. Knack upata, South Peru (Wliitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
16. Buarremon rufinucha. 
Embemagra rufinucna, Lafr. et cPOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 35, 
Arremon rufinucha, tfOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 2833 pi. 27. fig. 2. 
Buarremon rufinuclia, Bp. Consp. i. p. 484 (partim) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 


1856, p. 87; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 25 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 91 ^ ScL et 
Salv. Ifomencl. p. 24; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 603 (Bolivia) ; iid. Ibis, 
1879, p. 427. 

Body above and sides of head black; cap chestnut; loral spot 
yellow: body below clear yellow; bill dark brown; feet clear 
brown : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2, tail 2*5. 
Hab. Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
h, c. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Boh via (Buckley), 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
17. Buarremon melanops. 
Buarremon rufinuchus, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 91 (err.). 
Buarremon melanops, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 253,1879, p. COS 
(Boliva); iid. Ibis, 1879, p. 427. 

Body above and sides of head black ; cap chestnut: below yellow; 
flanks and crissum passing into olivaceous ; bill black; feet dark 
flesh-colour: whole length 6 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-6. 

Hab. Bolivia. 
Very similar to the preceding species, but without the yellow 
loral spot, and of a brighter yellow below. 

264 TA2STAGBIDJB. 

0, h. Ad. sk.; c, d. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jr. sk. (Types of the species.) 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclatep Coll. 

18, Buarremon latinucha* 

Carenochrous ktmuchus, Tacz. Orn, Per. ii. p. 524. 

Buarremon specularis, Tacz. P. Z.S. 187% p. 22S. 

Above slaty black; sides of head Mack; cap chestnut; a well-
developed alar speculum white: beneath yellow; slightly olivaceous 
on the flanks and crissum; bill Mack; feet dark brown; 
whole length G inches, wiug 2-9, tail 2\9. 

Hah. Pern and Eastern Ecuador. 

The well-marked speculum distinguishes this form among the 
black-backed species of this group. B. rlfeojtjrOfvs has also a white 
speculum, but an olive back. 

a. Ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Sidzmaim). Sdatc-r Cull. 
b. Ad. sk. Peru (Stvlsmann). 8rkt«r Coll. 
c. Ad, sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). fcJah in-Godman Coll. 
19. Buarremon spodionotus. 
Buarremon latinuchus, Set P. Z. S. 1856, p. f*77 ei 186% pp. 76, 85; 

id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 25; id. Cut. A. B. p. ill. 
Buarremon spodionotu^ StL et Saiw. Mis, 1870, p. 425. 
Carenochrous spodionotu% BerL ei Tacz. P, Z* & 1N84? p. 292. 

Above cinereous ; sides of head blaek ; cap chestnut; wings and 
tail blackish: beneath yellow; bill dark corneous; feet brown : 
whole length 6S inches, wing S'2f tail 3*2. Frmale &imilar. 

Hab. "Western Ecuador. 

The ashy back and want of any visible alar speculum distinguish 

this species. 
a. S ad. sk. Guapulo, Ecuador (Fraser). Selater Coll* 
1. S pull- sk. Calacali, Ecuador (Fraser).
(Type of the species.) 
Selater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Above Puellaro, Ecuador. 
Ecuador. 
L. Fra*er FC.]. 
Selater Coll 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador. J. ftould, Esq. 
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-^fodman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ji. Ad. sk. Maravina, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclafer Col. 

20. Buarremon coiuptus. (Plate XT.) 
Buarremon comptus, Scl et Salv. This, 187% p. 426. 
Above cinereous, wings and tail blackish, slightly edged with 
cinereous; crown light chestnut-red;. sides of the head deep black; 

265 

47 . BTTAKHE1I03-. 
lores yellow: beneath, clear yellow; under wing-coverts white; 
bill dark corneous; feet clear brown: whole length 7 inches, 

wing 3*3, tail 3*3. 

Hah. Eastern Ecuador. 
Allied to B. spodionotus, but distinguished by its bright yellow 
lores, and the lighter colour of the chestnut head. 

a7b. Ad. sk. Maravina, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
(Type of" the species.) 

21. Buarremon. elseoprorus. 
Buarremon elseoprorus, Bel et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 504 (Antioquia); 
iid. Ibis, 187% p. 427. 

Above dark olive; wings and tail black, with a well-defined 
white akr speculum; crown of head and nape chestnut; sides of 
head black, with a .small } ellow loral spot: below yellow; flanks 
and crissum passing into olivaceous; bill horn-colour; feet hazel: 
whole length 7 inches, wing 2*8, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. Antioijuia, U.K. Colombia. 
The dark olive back distinguishes this form of the group of 

B. rffjiwtfhff. There is a slight spot of yellow on the lores, and a 
well-marked white alar speculum. 
<*» h* S ? ad. tsk. Santa Elena, Antiuquia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). (Types of the species.) 
e. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 

22. Buarremon. albifrenatus. 
Tanagra (Arremon) albofrenatns, Baiss. Rev. Zool 1840, p. 68. 
Buarreroon albifrenatus, Bp. Consp* i. p. 484; Sclater, B. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 155, et mm, p. SB; id. Spi. Ao. Tan. p. 26; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 92: Set et Sab. Womencl p. 25; Berl J.f. 0. 1884, p. 293 
(Bucaramangra). 
Arremon mvstacalis, Sclater, Bev. Zool. 1852, p. 8; id. Conir. Orn. 
1852, p. 131, pi. 00. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; 
cap chestnut; narrow front and sides of head black, with a well-
defined white mystacal stripe separated from the throat by a black 
line ; throat white; abdomen clear yellow, slightly olivaceous on the 
flanks and crissxrai; ME horn-colour; feet pale hazel: whole length 
0-7 inches, wing 2*0, tail 2*9. 

Hah. Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk,; h. Jr. sk Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad", sk Ocana, Magdalena Valley Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wyatt). 

TANAG-KIDJE. 

266 

23. Bnarremon meridae. 
Buarreroon meridse, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 785; iid. Nomencl 

p. 25. 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish edged with olive; 
whole cap pale chestnut, sides of head black; mystacal stripe white, 
separated from the throat by a black line; under surface clear yellow, 
slightly olivaceous on the flanks and crissum; bill horn-colour; 
feet hazel: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 2'8, tail 3*2. 

Hah. Vicinity of Merida, "Venezuela. 
Closely allied to B. albifrenatxts, but distinguished by the yellow 
throat and the want of the black front. 

a. S ad. sk. Merida (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.) 
24. Buarremon leucopterus. 
Arremon leucopterus, Jard. Fdinb. N. Phil. Jour. n. s. iii. p. 92. 
Buarremon leucopterus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 214, pL 109,1856, 

p. 87, et 1859, p. 138; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 25; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 91; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 114; Scl et Salv. Komencl. p. 24. 
Carenochrous 
leucopterus, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 548, et 
1884, p. 292. 

Above slaty black; sides of head black; cap chestnut; lores 

white; wings black, with a large white alar speculum; tail black: 

beneath white, sides passing into cinereous; slight mystacal stripe 

black; under wing-coverts white; bill dark corneous; feet brown : 

whole length 6 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hab. Ecuador. 

a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Eyton Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
25. Buarremon dresseri. 
Carenochrous dresseri, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 70 • id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 528. 
Above brownish cinereous; broad front and sides of head black; 
lores white ; nape ochraceous brown ; wings dark cinereous, with a 
well-defined white alar speculum: beneath white, a well-defined 
mystacal stripe on each side black; sides and crissum somewhat 
ochraceous; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet dark brown: 
whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-5. 

Hah. Peru. 

The description is taken from the typical specimens from Paucal, 
Montana de Naucho (JelsM), kindly lent by M. Taczanowski. The 
species is allied to B. leucopterus, but qmite distinct, having a broad 
black front, and the nape of an ochraceous brown. 

267 

47 . BTTAKKEMOtf. 
26. Buarremon seebohmi. 
Carenoelirous seebohmi, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 70: id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 527. 
Above cinereous; sides of head and narrow front black; loral spot 
whitish; cap dark chestnut: beneath cinereous, throat and middle 
of belly white, throat with a black mystacal stripe on each side; 
crissum pale ochraceous; under wing-coverts white; bill pale 
corneous, below whitish ; feet flesh-colour : whole length 6'5 inches, 
wing 3, tail 3. 

Hah. Peru, province of Cajatambo. 

I am again indebted to M. Taczanowski for the privilege of examining 
the type of this species, also discovered by Jelski. In 
plumage it forms a passage between the group of B. leucopterus with 
white under surface, and that of B. schistaceus with cinereous 
under surface. The breast and sides are cinereous, the throat and 
middle of the belly white, and the crissum ochraceous. There is no 
alar speculum. 

27. Buarremon schistaceus. 
Tanagra (Arremon) schistaceus, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 69. 
Buarremon schistaceus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 484; Sclater, Jr. Z. 8.1855, 

p. 155, 1856, p. 88, et 1858, p. 551; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 26; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 92 ,* Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 25; Salv. Cat. Strichl. Coll. 
p. 198. 
Atlapetes schistaceus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 140. 
Carenochrous schistaceus, Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S.1885, p. 84 (Ecuador). 
Above blackish cinereous; wings and tail black, with a well-
marked alar speculum; sides of head black, loral spot whitish; cap 
dark chestnut: beneath cinereous, paler on the middle of the belly; 
throat whitish, with a black mystacal stripe on each side ; bill dark 
corneous; feet brown: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3, tail 3*1. 
Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia and Eastern Ecuador. 

a, l. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
d. Ad.; e. Jr. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Colombia. J. Gould, Esq. 
g. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Jr. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
28. Buarremon taczanowskii. 
Buarremon mystacalis, Tacz. P. Z. S.1874, p. 515. 
Buarremon taczanowskii, 8cl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 236, pi. xxxv. 
fig. 2. 
Carenochrous taczanowskii, Tacz. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 526. 

Above dark cinereous; sicles of head and frontal spot black; lores 

268 TA]STAGBXD^E. 

white; cap chestnut; wings and tail black: below cinereous, in the 
middle of the belly paler; throat whitish, with a broad black mystacal 
stripe on each side ; bill black; feet clear brown : whole length 
$•2 inches, wing 3, tail 3. 

Hah. Peru. 
Closely allied to B. schistaceus, but distinguishable by its black 
frontal spot, lighter coloured cap, and the want of the alar speculum. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Higos, Central Peru (Jelski), Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.*) 
b. J ad. sk. Sillapata, Peru (Jelski), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

29. Buarremon castaneifrons. 
Buarremon schistaceus, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781. 
Buarremon castaneifrons, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 235, pi. xxxv. 
fig. 1 (Merida). 

Above dark cinereous ; sides of head black; whole front and rap 
bright chestnut; wings and tail blackish: beneath pale cinereous, 
darker on the flanks and crissum; throat whitish, with a black 
mystacal stripe on each side; bill black; feet dark brown: whole 
length 6*4 inches, wing 3, tail 3. 

Hah. Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 

This is another representative form of B. sclikiaccus. The front 
is chestnut like the cap, which distinguishes it from B. taczaaowsMi. 
From B. schistaceus it may be recognized by the absence of the alar 
speculum, and by the lighter chestnut colour of the head. 

a. <$ ad.sk.; I. $ Sierra Nevada, Merida, Yene- Sclater Coll, (Types 
ad. sk. zuela (Goering). of the species.) 
c, d. $ ad. sk. Merida,Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

30. Buarremon palHdiMLcha. 
Tanagra (Arremon) pallidinucha, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. G8. 
Arremon pallidinucha, Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 351. 
Buarremon pallidinucha, Bp. Consp. i. p. 484. 
Atlapetes pallidinucha, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 140. 
Buarremon pallidinuchus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 4b4; Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, 


p. 155,1856, p. 87, et 1858, p. 551; id. Sijn. Ac. Tan. p. 25; id. Cat 
A. B. p. 92; ScL et Salv. NomeneL p. 24; Salv. Cat. StriekL Coll. 
p. 198; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, pp. 128, 327 (Colombia); Berl J.f. 0. 
1884, p. 293 (Bucaramanga). 
Buarremon sordidus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 138 (1871) (jr.). 
Oarenochrous pallidinuchus, Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 84 

(Ecuador). 

Above dark greyish olive; wings and tail blackish; sides of head 
black; large frontal patch reddish ochraceous, passing over the 
vertex into a broad whitish nuchal stripe : beneath yellow, passing 
into olivaceous on the sides and crissum; bill dark plumbeous ; feet 

47 . BXTAREEMOK. 
clear brown: whole length 6m5 inches, wing 3, tail 3. Female 
similar. 
Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk,; b. Pull, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c Ad. sk.; d. Jr. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Jr. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
f,g. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador {Buckleij). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
31. Buarremon tricolor. (Plate XVI.) 
Arremon rufinuclia, TscJi. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 212. 
Buarremon tricolor, Tacz. P. Z. S.1874, p. 510, pi. lxv. (Centr. Peru). 
Carenochrons tricolor, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 525. 


Above dark brownish olive; wings and tail brownish; sides of 
head black; a broad vertical stripe from the front to the nape orange-
yellow : beneath yellow, passing into olivaceous on the flanks and 
crissum; bill dark horn-colour; feet clear brown: whole length 
&5 inches, wing 3, tail 3, 

Hat. Central Peru. 
At once separable from B. jpcdlidinucJia by its conspicuous orange-
yellow vertical stripe. 

a, b. S ad. sk. Pumamarca, Peru {Jehhi). Sclater Coll, 

c. Ad. sk. Tanibapata, Peru (Jekki). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
32, Buarremon semirufus. 

Tanagra (Arremon) semirafus, JBoiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 69. 
Pipilopsis semiruf us, JBp. Consp. i. p. 485; Cab. Mm. Mein. i. p. 139. 
Buarremon semirufus, Sclater, P.Z.8. 1855, p. 155, 1856, p. 88; 

id. 8yn. Av. Tan. p. 26; id. Cat. A. B. p. 92; M et Salv. P. Z. S. 

1868, p. 167 (Venezuela) ; itd. Nomencl p. 25. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; 
whole head and neck above and below and breast down to the 
middle of the belly bright chestnut-red; middle of belly yellow; 
flanks and crissum olive-green; bill flesh-colour; feet clear brown: 
whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*8. Female similar. 

Hah. Venezuela and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Caracas. D. Dyson [C.]. 
0. <$ ad.sk.; Caracas (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. J jr. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. Puerto Cabello. Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Caracas. Purchased. 
Y Ad. sk.;
ti. i. Jr. sk. 
Bogota, Sclater Coll. 
j \ Ad. sk.; Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1, m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

270 
Ti^TAG-BIDJE. 

33. Buarremou personatns. 
Arrenion personalis, Cab. in Sekomb. Guian. in. p. 878. 
PipHopsis personatus, Bp. Consp. L p. 485. 
Pvrrhocoma personata, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 138. 
Buarremon personatus, Scl. T. Z. S. 1856, p. 89; id. Syn. As. Tan 


p. 27; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 212. 
Above olive-green, tinged with cinereous; wings and tail slaty 
black; whole head and nape chestnut-red: below yellow, chin 
chestnut; flanks and crissum olivaceous; bill and fet*t dark horncolour: 
whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3-1, tail 3*2. Ftmale 
similar. 
Eab. Eoraima, British Ghiiana. 

Somewhat resembling B. semirufus, but with the bill not quite go 
strong, and very distinct in colour, from its yellow under surface. 

a, b. $ ad. sk.; Eoraima, Brit Guiana »Sah in-Godman Cull. 
c. cTjr.sk.;
d. $ ad. sk. 
(Whitely). 
e,f. <$ $ ad. sk.; Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Kelatwr Cull. 
g. <$ jr.sk. (Whttehj). 

34. Buarremon fulviceps. 
Emberiza Mviceps, Lafr. ei cTOrb. Syn, Av. L ix 77; dOrb. Vw 

Ois. p. 362, pi. 46. fig. 2. 3"f 
Pipilopsis fulviceps, Bp. Consp. i. p. 485. 
Buarremon fulviceps, Scl et Salo. Xommit p.%j; ml. P. Z. S. 1879 

p. 603 (Bolivia); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 532. 
* 
Above olive-green, wings and tail blackish, edged with nitre ; 
head and nape bright chestnut: lores yellow: beneath yellow; 
throat with a slight red mystacal stripe on each &lde; flanks sue! 
crissum olivaceous; bill horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 
5*8 inches, wing 3, tail 3. 
Eab. Bolivia. 

Apparently allied to B. personatus, but with the bill rather weaker, 
and readily known by its olive back, yellow lores, and red mystacal 
stripe on each side of the throat. 

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bucldey}. 
35. Buarremon citrinellng. 
Buarremon 
(Atlapetes) citrmellus, Cab. J.f.O. 1883, p. 109, t. i 
fig. 2. 

Above olive-green, darker on the head; wings and tail blackish 
brown, edged with olive; a broad superciliary stripe, commencing 
on the front on each side, and another commencing at the gape* 
bright yellow, leaving in the middle a broad patch of dark olive ; 
beneath yellow, breast and flanks olivaceous; throat yellow, bordered 

48 . tfESOSPISTGUS. 
on each side by a dark olive mystacal stripe ; bill black; feet brown : 
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2. 

Hab. Tucnman, rep. Argentina. 

A rather aberrant species, with short wings, which should, perhaps, 
be separated generically. The yellow on the sides of the head, 
surrounding the dark olive auricular patch, makes it easily recognizable. 


a. 
$ ad. sk. Tucuman (Schuk). Sclater Coll. (One of the 
types of the species.) 
48. NESOSPINGUS. 
Type. 
Nesospingus, Sclater, Ibis, 1885, p. 273 N. specuiiferus. 

Structure of Nesospingus specuiiferus. (Ibis, 1885, p. 274.) 

This peculiar form is distinguishable from Chlorospingus (to 
which genus it has until recently been referred) by its stouter bill, 
with the culmen more incurved, and large Fringilline feet. I have 
some doubts whether it would not be better placed with the Ground-
Finches. 

272 
TAmaBma;. 

1. Kesospiagus specuHfertis. 
Chlorospingus speculiferus, Laicrence, Ibis71875, p. 383, pL ix. fig. 1 -
Gundl J. f. 0.1878, p. 168,1882, p. 161 (nest); id. Anal Sue. Bsp. 
m K 1878, p. 190. 

Nesospingus speculifertis, Sclater, IMs? 188-5, p. 273. 

Above nearly uniform dark earthy brown; bead rather darker, and 
with indications of longitudinal striations on the cap; a small white 
speculum on tbe fourth, fifth, and sixth primaries; under surface 
white, slightly varied with grey ; bill, upper mandible brown, lower 
white; feet brown: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2%5. 

Eah. Porto Eico. 

a. S ad. sk. Porto Rico {Staid). Sclater Coll. 
y. PITYLmjE COMR0STEES. 
Under this head I propose to place Arremon and Its allies, in whieli 
the bill is shorter and nearly conical, and the feet are much weaker 
than in the last section. 

Key to the Genera. 

Bill rather longer, narrower at the base ... . 40. ABHEMOX, p. "27± 

Bill rather shorter, expanded at the base: 
j gonys nearly straight. 50. DIUCOPIH, p. %27tk 
\ gonys ascending...... . ... 51. CONOTHBACPIS, p. 2dO. 

49. 
AEEEKOH. „ 
Type. 
Arremon, VieilL Analyse^ p. 32 (1816) .................... A. silens. 
The shorter and more conical biH distinguishes this genus from 

Buarremon; the tail is also shorter and but sightly rounded. The 
coloration is mostly olive above and white below, with a more or 
less evident black gorget; the head is black, often with a white or 
greyish superciliary and mesial stripes. The fourteen species of 
Arremon range from Southern Mexico to Northern La Plata. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Head black j superciliaries wMte; vertical 
stripe cinereous. 
a. Pectoral collar complete. 
a'. Bill black , L silem, p. 273, 
l\ Bill yellow, cuhnen black: 
) superciliaries begin on front ... . % orbt</niit p. 274. 

{ superciliaries begin above the eye & Jktmmstrvt, p. 274. 
c'. Upper mandible black, lower yellow . 4 demffii, p. 274. 
d'. Bill yellow: 

I pectoral collar narrow.......... 5. qpectalrilis, p. 275. 
j pectoral collar broad .......... 6. amranim&drky p. 275. 


49 . 
AEEE2T0N. 273 
h. 
Pectoral collar incomplete. 
e\ Bill Black 7. nigrirostris, p. 276. 
/ \ Upper mandible black, lower yellow. 
I Bend of wing green.,.... 8. smiitorquatus, p. 277. 
I Bend of wing yellow 9, axillaris, p. 277. 

B. 
Head black j supercifiaries white; no vertical 
stripe. 
c. Interscapulium olive. 
j Bill black 10. nigrieeps, p. 277. 
| Bill yellow; culmen black.... 11. wuchereri, p. 278. 

d. 
Intelscapulium cinereous. 
\ Bill Yellow; culmen black 12. polionotus, p. 278. 
| Bill black 13. abeillm, p. 278. 
C Head uniform Hack 
14. schlegeli, p. 279. 

1. Arremoa silens. 
Le Tangara de la Guyane, Daub. PL Enl. 742. 
Tanaprra alien*, Bodd. Table d. PL ML p. 40; Max. Beitr. iii. 

p. '307. 
Axreiuun 
nkm, Bp. Comp. L p. 487 j Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 80; 
id. %IL AD. Tan. p. 18 j id. Cat A. B. p. 93; Peh. Orn. Bras. 

p. :*ltj; >Vr/. </ &/t\ P. Z. #. 1807, p. £72 (Lower Amazons), 
187;J, p. Id7 (S. Peru] j «</. Nomencl. p. 25 ; Bayard, Ibis, 1873, 
p. :M) | PjiraJ; >&/». Cfe£. tifrickl. Coll, p. 198: &/. Ms, 1885, 
p. 212. 
Anvmon torquatUi*, Vieill JSnc. Meth p, 794; id. Gal. Ois. p. 105, 
pi. 76; tiel. Cat. A. £.ip.Q$. 
Silent Tanager, Lath G. M. vi. p. 22. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with, olive; 
head Hack, superciliarieb white, vertical stripe cinereous: beneath 
white, with a well-defined black pectoral collar; sides cinereous; 
bead of wing yellow; bill black; feet ashy brown: whole length 
om5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*0. Female. Above like the male; below 
tinged with ochraceous, and with the pectoral collar blackish and 
but slightly marked. 

Hah. Trinidad, Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. J ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 
e. $ tid. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
d. d a<i-hk* > Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. *$ jr. *&.
/ . <5 ad. »k.
g, 0 ad. sk 
{ Whitely). 
Camaeuhaj Brit. Guiana(\\ liiiely). 
R. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h cJ a$*s&(
Wfatety). 
31 erame' Mts.? Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(WMtely). 
I $ ad. sk. lioraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jf k. d 2 ad* sk.
(Whitely). 
lioraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
{Whitely), 
i,m. d 2 ad* sic.
»,* a. c? S ad. sk. 
Oyapock, Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
VOL. XI. £ 

274 TANAGKID-2E. 
p. J ad. sk. Maroni Biver, Surinam Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. J ad. bk.
(Sappier). 
Bio Oapim, Lower AmaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
r. 9 ad. sk,
zons (Wallace). 
Pemambuco, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s} t. S ad. sk.; u. $
(W.A.Forbes). 
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ad. sk.) v. (S jr. sk. 

2. Arremon orbignii. 
Tordo de bosque torqtiato, Azara, Apunt i. p. 331. 
Em"bernagTa silens, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Ai\ i. p. 34 (partim). 
Arremoii silent, d'Orh. Voy. p. 581 (partim) ; HartL Ind. Az. p. 5. 
Arremon d'orbignii, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 81; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 19; 


Bel. et Salo. Nomencl. p. 25; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 603 (Bolivia); 
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 597 (Catamarca). 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; 
head black, superciliaries white, vertical stripe and nape cinereous: 
beneath white, with a narrow but distinct black pectoral band; 
sides cinereous; bend of wing yellow ; bill yellow, with the upper 
half of the upper mandible black ; feet pale brown ; whole length 
5*7 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*6. 

Hah. Argentine Eepublic and Bolivia. 

This species resembles A. silens, but may be distinguished by its 
partly yellow bill, only the upper half of the upper mandible being 
black, and by its narrow pectoral collar. 

a. Ad. sk. Catamarca, rep. Arg. {White'). Sclater Coll. 
3. Arremon flavirostris. 
Arremon flavirostris, Sw. An. in Men. p. 347; Gray, Gen. B. ii. 
p. 361 j Bp. Comp. I p. 488; Scl. P. Z. S. 18567 p. 81; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan, p. 19 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 25. 
Of this species I have seen specimens in the Museum of Berlin, 
and in the Derby Museum, Liverpool. It is like A. silens, but distinguishable 
by the bill being yellow with only a black line along 
the culmen, and by the shortened superciliaries, which commence 
only above the eye instead of on the front. 

Hah. Cametd, Brazil. 

4. Arremoii devillii 
Arremon 
devillii, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 81; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. Id; 
JDes Murs, in Castelnau, Voy. Ois. p. 69. t. xx. %. 2 j Scl. et Sab. 
Nomencl. p. 25. 

Of this species I have examined the typical specimens in the 
Paris Museum. It seems to be intermediate between A. fiaviro$ti*is 
and A. polionotus, being distinguishable from the former by having 
the upper mandible entirely black and the back cinereous only 

49 . A.EEEMON. 
275 

tinged with olive, and from the latter also by the colour of the back 
and the bill. The figure above quoted is not very correct, and 
might be taken for A. jpolionotus. 

Hah. Province of Goyaz, Brazil. 

5. Arremon spectabilis. 
Arremon spectabilis, Sclater, P. Z. S.1834, p. 114, pi. 67,1856, p. 82, 
et 1858, p. 72; id. Syn. AD. Tan. p. 20; id. Cat. A. B. p. 93; Set. 
et Sab. Mmencl. p. 25; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 505 (Antioquia): 
Tacz. R.Z.S. 1877, p. 332 (N.W.Peru); Berl. et Taca. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 548 (W. Ecuador). 

Arremon 
erythrorhynchus, Sclater, R. Z. 8. 1855, p. 83, pi. 89, 
et p. 154, 1856, p. 83; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 21; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 93. 
Above yellowish olive ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; 
head black, superciliaries white, vertical band and nape cinereous : 
below white, with a well-defined black pectoral collar; sides 
cinereous ; bend of wing bright yellow or orange; bill yellow; 
feet pale yellowish brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 
2*5. Female nearly similar to the male, but brownish below, and 
the pectoral collar not so well defined. 

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

The examination of a large series of this species has convinced me 
that A. erytlirorlipiclius (based on Bogota skins) may be safely united 
to A. spectabilis of Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. (Type of 
A. eryth?*o?'7iynchus.) 
h. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Remeclios, Antioquia 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon). 
d. S ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Reniedios, Antioquia. 
Eio Napo. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. (Type of 
A. spectabilis.) 
f. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Rio Napo. 
Rio Napo {Jameson). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i}j. Ad. sk.
k. § ad. sk.
lym. $2 ad. sk.
n. <? ad. sk.
{Buckley). 
Santa Rita, Ecuador(Buckley), 
Nanegal, Ecuador(Fraser). 
Nanegal, Ecuador(Fraser). 
Babahoyo, Ecuador 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 
o. Ad. sk.
(Fraser). 
Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 

6. Arremon anrautiirostris. 
Arremon 
aurantiirostris, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1847, p. 72; Des Murs, 
Icon. Orn. pi. 5^; Bp. Consp. i. p. 488; Sclater, P. Z. S.1856, p. 83, 
T 2 

TANAG-KID2B. 

et 1859, p. 377; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 21; id. Cat. A. B. p. 93; 
Scl. et Salv. Ibis, I860, p. 32 (Guatemala); id. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 351 (Panama); iid. Nomencl. p. 25; Later. Ann. L. N. Y. vh. 
p. 298 (Panama), viii. p. 179 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 102 (Costa Eica); 
Mv. P. Z. S.1867, p. 140 (Veragua), 1870, p. 188 (Veragua); id. 
Ibis, 1872, p. 317 (Nicaragua); Frantz.J.f. 0.1869,p. 300 (Costa 
Rica) j Salv. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 324. 
Arremon rufi-doi'balis, 
Cass. Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1865, p. 170; Later. 
Ann. L. N. Y. is. p. 102 (cf. Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 308). 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with, 
olive; head black, supereiliaries white, vertical band cinereous: 
below white, with a broad black pectoral collar, sides dusky cinereous 
; bend of wing yellow; bill yellow; feet pale brown: whole 
length 6-3 inches, wing 34, tail 2*6. Female similar. 

Ilab. Central America from Southern Mexico down to Panama. 
The larger bill, broader pectoral band, and darker olive colour 
above distinguish this species from A. spectabilis. 

a. § ad. sk.; b.
Ad. sk.
c. Ad. fek. 
Choctum, Vera Paz 
(Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras Sab in-Godinan Coll. 
(Blancaneaux). 
fAd.sk.
J' 
Chontales, Nicaragua 
(Belt). 
Sah in-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. San Mateo, Costa Eica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Cooper). 
h. Ad. sk. Tucumqui, Costa Eica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
i. $ ad. sk.; j . $
jr. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I. (S ad. sk.; m, n. 
Santa ¥6, Veragua 
(Arce). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Aj-ee). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J ad. sk. 

7. Arremon nigrirosiris, sp. nov. 
Arremon silens, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 187. 

Above olive, wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; head 
black, supereiliaries white, vertical stripe cinereous: below white, 
slight pectoral collar, imperfect in the middle, black ; flanks cinerascent; 
bend of wing yellow; bill black; feet pale brown : whole 
length 5-7 inches, wing 3, tail 2-5. Female. Below tinged with 
fulvous, and without any signs of pectoral collar. 

Hab. Southern Peru. 
Similar to A. silens, but with the collar imperfect in the middle, 
as in A. semitorquatus, from which it differs in its black bill. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Cosnipata, Southern Peru Sclater Coll. (Type of the 
(WMtely). species.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Bolivia (?). Purchased. 
49. ABEEMOT. 
277 
8. Arremon semitorgnatus. 
Amnion semitorquatus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 357; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 488 ; Mater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 82; id. %«. Av. Tan. p. 20; id. 
Cat A. B. p. 9;); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 217 ; ticl. et Salv. Nomencl 
p. 25; Salv. Cat. StricU. Coll. p. 199. 
Tanagra interrupt^ Natt. MS. 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; 
head black, superciliaries white, vertical stripe cinereous: below 
white, with a black pectoral collar, imperfect in the middle ; sides 
cinereous ; bend of the wing greenish yellow ; upper mandible black, 
lower yellow; feet brown: whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2-8, tail 
2*8. Female similar, but rather smaller, not so bright, and the black 
of the pectoral collar brownish. 

Hah. South Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. [P.J. 
h, c. S ad. sk. j d. Brazil. Sclater CoU. 
? ad. sk. 

e. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
t 
Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 

9. Arremon axillaris. 
Arremon axillaris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 97,1855, p. 164, et 1856, 
p. 82; id. Sijn. Av. Tan. p. 20 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 93; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 25. 
Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish brown, greater wing-
coverts edged with olive, lesser wing-coverts and bend of wing bright 
yellow; head black, superciliaries white, vertical stripe cinereous: 
beneath white, sides cinerascent; upper mandible black, lower 
yellow; feet pale brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-5. 
Female similar, but tinged with ochraceous below, and with the 
half collar brownish. 

Hah. Colombia. 

Readily known from A. semitorquatus by the bright yellow upper 

wing-coverts and bend of the wing. 

a. (S ad. sk. 
Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of the 
« species.) 
h, c. (S $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d,e. ($2 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f,9-<S 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

h. $ ad. sk. 
Bogota.. Gould Coll. 
10. Arremon nigriceps. 
Arremon nigriceps, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 196; id. Orn. Per. ii, 
p. 535. 
Above olive-green; wings and tail dark cinereous, the upper wing-
coverts slightly edged with olive; head black; broad and well


TANAGffimZB. 

marked snperciliaries white: beneath white, with a well-marked 
black pectoral collar; flanks cinerascent; bill black; feet pale 
brown : whole length 5'8 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6. 

Hah. Callacate, Peru. 

The type specimen of this species has been kindly lent to me by 

M. Taczanowski. The black bill distinguishes it from other species 
of this section except A. abeillcei, which has no olive on the back. 
11. Arremon wnchereri (Plate XYII.) 
Arremon wuchereri, Sol. et Salv. Nomenol. pp. 25,157, 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts and 
secondaries edged with olive ; head black, snperciliaries, commencing 
above the eye, white ; back of neck cinereous : beneath white, with 
a distinct and rather wide black pectoral collar; flanks cinerascent; 
bend of wing lemon-yellow; bill yellow, culmen black; feet pale 
hazel: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*8. 

Hah. Province of Bahia, Brazil. 

A fine and distinct species, although only yet known from a single 
specimen. It is at once distinguishable from A. nigriceps by its 
yellow bill and broad pectoral band, and from the next two following 
species by its olive back. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
12. Arremon polionotns. 
Arremon polionotus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 488 * Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 81; 
id. Syn. AD. Tan. p. 19; id. Cat A. B. p. 93; Peh. Orn. Bras. 

p. 217; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 25. 
Above cinereous; wings and tail brownish, wing-coverts tinged 
with olive-green; head black; superciliaries, commencing above the 
eye, white : beneath pure white, with a rather narrow but distinct 
black pectoral collar; bend of wing yellow; bill with the upper 
portion of the upper mandible brownish black, the rest of upper mandible 
and whole of lower mandible yellow ; feet pale hazel: whole 
length 6-2 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*8. 

Hah. Cuyaba, Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
13. Arremon aTbeillaei. 
Arremon abeillei, Less. B. Z. 1844, p. 435 ; Gray, Gen.. Arm. p. 16: 
Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 82; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 20; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 25; Taos. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 744; id. Orn. Per. il. 

p. 534 j Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 548 (W. Ecuador). 
Above dark cinereous ; wings and tail blackish, edged with cine


50 . DOTCOPIS. 279 
reons, some of the larger wing-coverts with slight terminal white 
margins ; head black; broad superciliaries, commencing above the eye, 

•white : below white, with a distinct and rather broad black pectoral 
collar ; flanks cinerascent; bill black ; feet pale yellowish : whole 
length 6*4 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2'5. 
Hah. "Western Ecuador. 
There is no olive whatever on the upper plumage of this distinct 
species. In A. jpolionotus the wing-coverts are olivaceous, and the 
back is not so dark. 

a, b, Ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

14. Arremon schlegeli. 
Airemon sehlegeli, Bp. Consp. i. p. 488; Sclater, P. Z. S.185(5, p. 83; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 21; id. Cat. A. B. p.93 ; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl 

p. 25 ; Sah. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 121 (S. Marta). 
Above yellowish olive; wings and tail greyish black, the upper 
mag-coverts yellowish olive; head black; back of neck cinereous: 
beneath white, sides passing into cinereous; a large spot on each 
side of the neck, forming together a semicollar, black; bend of 
the wing yellow; bill yellow, with a blackish spot at the base of 
the culmen; feet pale hazel: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 2*8, 
tail 2-3. 

Hah. Littoral region of Colombia and Venezuela. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
h. $ ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. $ ad. sk. Minca, Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
U. S. 0. (Simons). 
e. S ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 

50. DIUCOPIS. Type> 
Diucopis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 491 (1850) D. fasciata. 
This Brazilian form has a rather short and stout conical bill, short 
wings, and rather large feet. It may come in here, or be placed 
almost equally well among the typical Tanagers. 

1. Diucopis fasciata. 
Tanagra fasciata, LicU. Doubl p. 32; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 493; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 238. 
Tanagra axillaris, Spit, Av. Bras. ii. p. 41, pi. 54.fig. 2. 
Diucopis fasciata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 491; Sclater, P. Z. S. Ib50, p. bb; 

id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 6; id. Cat. A. B. p. 97; Peh Orn Bras. 
p 219 j Scl et Sah. Nbmencl p. 26; Salv. Cat. Stnckl Coll 

p. 201. 
Above grey; lores and sides of head black; wings brown, coverts 
black, crossed by a broad white band; tail blackish, edged with 
brown: beneath white, sides passing into cinereous; under wmg


280 
TAJXkGKLDM. 

coverts white ; bill plumbeous, beneath whitish; feet clear brown: 
whole length 6*7 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*7. Young. Above brown; 
lores and sides of the head rather darker; below not so clear. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. S j r - sk. Pelotas, Eio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
51. 
CONOTHRAUPIS. m 
Type. 
Conothraupis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 198 .. C. speculigera. 
I am a little uncertain about the correct position of this Peruvian 

monotype, but on the whole I think it is best placed next to Dhicojns. 
It is, however, distinguishable by its larger wings, weaker feet, and 
rather longer and weaker bill. 

1. Conothraupis speculigera. 
Schistochlamys speculigera, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 69; id. Ann. K. 
JEC. ser. 2, xv. p. 345. 
Diucopis speculigera, ScL P. Z. S. 1850, p. 68; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p 6 * 
ScL et Sab. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 2QS ; iid. Nomend. p. 20. ' 
Conothraupis speculigera, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 198, t. xxi.; id. Orn. 
PSr. ii. p. 546. 

Above shining black, rump greyish; a concealed nuchal patch and 
alar speculum white : below white; throat and upper breast shinin^ 
black; under wing-coverts white; bill dark plumbeous, whiter 
below \ feet brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-7. 

Hah. Eastern Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Ucayali (JELauxwett). J. Gould, Esq. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. J. Gould, Esq. 
e. Ad. sk. Callacate, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 
I PITYLIME VALIDIEOSTEES. 

In Saltator and its allies the bill becomes much stronger, but 
still preserves its conical outline; the feet are large and strong. ' But 
Orchesticus, in its shorter and somewhat swollen bill, shows signs of 
transition towards Pitylus. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Bill longer; upper mandible not swollen. 
a. 
Bill shorter; culmen less incurvedj 
tarsi longer , 52, PSITTOSPIZA, p. 281, 
281 

52. PSITTOSPIZA. 
k Bill longer; oilmen more incurved; 

tarsi shorter. 
\ Tail somewhat rounded 53. SALTATOB, p. 282. 
I Tail squared 54. LAMPHOSPIZA, p. 206. 

B. 
Bill shorter; upper mandible slightly 
swollen ". 55. ORCHESTICUS, p. 297. 
m. PSITTOSPIZA. 
Type. 
Psittospiza, Bp. Co?npt. Rend. xxxi. p. 424 (1850) P. riefferi. 
Chlorornis, Reich Av. S. JV. tab. 77 (1850) P. riefferi. 

This brilliant grass-green form has the general structure of 
Saltator, but the bill is rather shorter and the tail more squared. 
It is confined to the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The 
sexes are similar in colour. The nest is open and cup-shaped. The 
eggs (see P. Z. S. 1879, pi. xlil fig. 8) are of a pale grey thickly 
freckled. 

Key to the Species. 

Chestnut of the face restricted and only extending 
oyer the chin below 1. riefferi, p. 281. 
Chestnut of the face more diffused and extending 
over the throat below 2. elegans, p. 282. 

1. Psittospiza riefferi. 
Tanagra riefferi, Boiss. Rev. ZooL 1840, p. 4. 
Saltator riefferi, Gray, Gen. ii. p. 303, pi. 89; Tsch. Faun, Per.,Aves} 


p. 210. 
Tanagra prasina, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1843, p. 947. 
Psittospiza prasina, Bp. Consp. L p. 492. 
Chlorornis prasina, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 141. 
Chlorornis riefieri, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 154. 
Psittospiza riefferi, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 78, et I860, p. 76; id. 
Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 16; id. Cat A. B. p. 94; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. 

p. 26; iicl P. Z. S. 1879, p. 505; Sah. Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 199; 
Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 292 (W. Ecuador) ; Tacz. et Berl. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 84 (Ecuador). 
Brilliant grass-green, upper wing-coverts brighter; lores, sides of 
the face, chin, and lower part of belly chestnut; bill orange; feet 
yellow: whole length 8 inches, wing 4*5, tail 3*5. Female similar 
but rather smaller. 

Hal. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
I. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. BogotL 
J. Gould, Esq. 
d. S ad. sk. Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
g. 9 ad. sk. Envigado, Colombia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
k $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*, /. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
hi Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
282 
TAITAG-EIDJE. 

2. Psittospiza elegans. 
Saltator elegans, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch, 1844, i. p. 288. 
Saltator riefferi, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 210. 
Psiitotpiza elegans, Set. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 603 (Bolivia) ; iid. 


Nomencl p. 26; Tacz. P. Z. S.1874, p. 518 (Centr. Peru), 1882, 

p. 1G (N.E. Peru); id Orn. Per. ii. p. 538. 
Bright grass-green; front, lores, sides of face, chin and throat, 
and middle of the belly chestnut; bill orange ; feet yellow : whole 
length 7*8 inches, wing 4*5, tail 3*5. 

Ilab. Peru and Bolivia. 

This form is not very distinct from its northern representative, 
but may he recognized by the greater extension of the chestnut on 
the front above and over the throat below. In P. riefferi this colour 
merely just covers the chin. 

a, b. Ad. sk Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
53. SALTATOR. 
Saltator, Vieill Analyse, p. 32 (1816). 
The genus Saltator embraces about 19 species, diffused over the 
whole Tanagrine area in the Isfew World as far north as Mexico and 
Yucatan, but not intruding into the U.S. or West Indies. They are 
for the most part dressed in sober hues of olive, grey, and brown, 
and of rather larger size than the average of Tanagers. The bill is 
short, strong, and provided with a terminal hook and slight notch. 
The feet are strong and claws sharp. The tail is rather long and 
squared. 

The Saltators keep to the bushes and smaller trees outside the 
dense forests, build open cup-shaped nests, and lay bluish-green 
eggs streaked with black round the larger end. (See Euler, J. f. 0. 
1867, p. 411; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 505 ; and Nehrkorn, 
J", f. O. 1881, p. 68.) 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Abdomen not striated; plumbeous, whitish 
or ochraceous. 
a. 
Back bright olive-green. 
a'. "Wings olive-green like the back. 
a2. Cap black: 
(larger: head black t. J. atriceps, p. 283. 
< smaller: head cinereous mixed 
( with olive 2. magnoides, p. 284. 

I)1. Cap olive like the back 3. magnus, p. 285. 
b\ Wings black 4. atripennis, p. 286. 

b. Rack grey, wings and interscapuHum 
washed with green: 
I bill normal 5. similis, p! 287. 
I bill very thick 6. maxiUosus, p. 287. 

53 . 
SAI.TATOE. 283 

e. Back uniform grey or plumbeous; superciliary 
stripe whitish j middle of throat 
white, with a black line on each side. 
e'. Bill dark plumbeous. 
o~. Sides of head grey. 


«3. Breast pale cinereous. 
a4. Crissum rufous 7. grandis, p. 288. 

54. Crissum. ochraceous. 
a5. Lower belly less ochraceous: 
I breast slightly tinged 
i with fulvous 8. plumbeieeps, p. 289. 
j breast pure cinereous .. 9. olivascens, p. 289. 
¥. Lower belly more ochraceous 10. ccerulescens, p. 290. 
^ b*. Breast dark cinereous 11. supercMaris, p. 291. 
d1 .Sides of head black 12. orenocensis, p. 291. 
d'. Bill orange ; a black guttural collar : 
i guttural collar narrow 13. aurantiirosfi'is, p. 292. 
j guttural collar broad 14. laticlavius, p. 292. 

d. 
Back fuscous ; no superciliaries ; front, 
sides of head, and throat black 15. atricollis, p. 293. 


B. 
Abdomen not striated, uniform dark chestnut 
10. mfimnfris, p. 293. 

C. Abdomen not striated, yellowish white .. 17. Jiavidicollis, p. 294 
1). Abdomen striated : 
j rump olive 18. albicollis, p, 294. 

I: ) rump grey 
19. guadalupensis, p. 295. 

1. Saltator atriceps. 

Tanagra (Saltator) atriceps, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 208, t. 69 (1830). 
Saltator atriceps, Bp. Consp. i. p. 488; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 142; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 69, 302, 1858, p. 358, 1859, pp. 58, 364, 
377, et 1864, p. 174; id. 8yn. Av. Tan. p. 7 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 95; 
8cl. et Sate. Ibis, 1859, p. 14 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 351 
(Panama), 1870^ p. 836 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 2(5 j Moore}

P. Z. S. 1859, p. 53 (Honduras) ; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. Il l (Honduras) 
; Lawrence, Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 297 (Panama), ix. p. 102 
(Costa Rica) et p. 200 (Yucatan) j id. Bull. U. 8. K M. no. 4, p. 19 

(S.W. Mexico); Sumickr. Mem. Post. 8oc. N. II i. p. 549 (Vera 
Cruz); Sate. Cat. Stridtl. Coll p. 199; id. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 421 
(Panama); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 443 (Costa Bica); Sate, et 
Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 325. 
Arremon giganteus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 117. 
Pyrrhula raptor, Cabot, Boston Journ. v. p. 90, pi. xii. 
Tanagra gnatho, Licht. Preis-Verz. p. 2; cf. Cab. J.f. 0.1863, p. 5G. 

Above yellowish olive-green; cap black; sides of head cinereous 
or mixed with black or blackish; a slight white superciliary stripe : 
"below cinereous; a large white (sometimes dark chestnut) guttural 
patch, bordered above by the black chin and sides of the throat, and 
below by a more or less developed black guttural collar; crissum 
chestnut or ochreous red; bill black, lower mandible sometimes 
whitish; feet brown: whole length 10 inches, wing 5, tail 5. 
Female similar. 
Eah. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama. 

TANAG-BrMI. 

This Solicitor, one of the largest birds of tlie Tanagrine family, is 
very variable in parts of its plumage. The throat-spot, clear white 
in most specimens, is dark chestnut in some Mexican examples, and 
in others tinged with rufous. The sides of the head vary from 
cinereous to nearly pure black. The guttural collar is sometimes 
broad and distinct, sometimes almost obsolete. The under mandible 
is sometimes yellowish instead of black, as is also occasionally the 
tip of the upper mandible. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Vera Cruz (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll 
e9f. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Belize (Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
li. Ad. sk. Ohisec, Vera Paz (Salmn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salmi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. cf a-cL sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. c? ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, S. Diego (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
m. <$ ad. sk. Volcan cle Agua, S. Diego (Salmn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w, $ ad. sk. San Pedro Martyr, Guatemala Sdlvin-Godman Coll 
(Salvm), 

o. Ad. sk. El Zapote, Costa Grande, GuateSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
mala (Salvm). 
p. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (CarmioT). Salvin-Godman Coll 
q. 2 ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coil 
r. 
<$ ad. sk. Nicaragua (Nutting). R. B. Sharps, Esq. 
[P.]. 
s. 
$ ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeannan). 
t. S ad. sk. Panama (McZeamian). Salvin-Godman Coll 
u. Ad. sk. Panama (Ma?'kha?n). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Saltator magnoi&es. 
Saltator magnoides, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 41; Bp. Consp. i. p. 489; 
Sdater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 69, 142, 302, et 1850, pp. 3U4, 377, et 
18G4, p. 174; id. Sijn. Ac. Tan. p. 7 ; id. Cat A. B. p. 95; Set et 
Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 14 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. IBM, p. 351 
(Panama), 1870, p. 836 (Honduras) ; iid. MomencL p. 26 ; Cab. 

J.f. 0. 1860, p. 416 (Costa Rica); Lawr. Ann. Z M. F. viii. 
p. 179 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 102 (Costa Rica); Salv. P.Z. S. 1867, 
p. 140 (Veragua), 1870, p. 189 (Veragua) ; Sumickr. Mem. Bost. 
Soc. W. B. i. p. 549 (Vera Cruz); Frantz, J.f.O. !&% p. 300 
(Costa Rica); Salv. et Godm. Biol Centr.-Am^ Aves, i. p. 327. 
Saltator gigantodes, Cab. Mus. Hem. L p. 142. 
Saltator magnus, Lawr. Ami. Z. N. Y. vii. p. 297 (Panama), 
Saltator intermedins, Lawr, Br. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 106 (Panama) ; 


id. Ann. Z. N. Y. viii. p. 175 (Chirio;ni). 

Above clear olive-green; cap cinereous, more or less mixed with 
olive; slight white supereiHaries: beneath cinereous; chin white, 
middle of throat rufous, bordered on each side and below by a 
broad black guttural band; crissum ochraceous; bill plumbeous; 

53 . SA.LTATOB. 
285 
feet brown: whole length. 8 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*8. Female 

similar. 
Hah. Southern Mexico and Central America, down to Panama. 
This is likewise a variable species. In one Mexican specimen 

(Jalapa. de Ota) the head is nearly black; but it is generally 
cinereous, mixed more or less with olivaceous, whereas it is deep 
black and well-defined from the back in the larger 8. atricejps. 
The black gorget aLo tails, or nearly so, in some specimens, when 
the bird becomes very like Mediator magnus. 

a. Ad. bk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. *k. 
Jalapa ( ^ Oca). 
Vera Quiz (Salle). 
Belize, Biit. Honduras 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
d. Ad. «k. 
e. Ad- Or. 
f9g. Ad. st 
k Ad. sk. 
(Blancaneaux). 
Cohan, Yeia Paz (Salvia). 
Choctum, Yeia Paz (Salvin). 
ChLec, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
San Pedro, Honduras 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Ad. 4i. 
/. Jr. bk. 
'&. Ad. -k. 
(Wiiiely). 
Irazu, Costa Eica (Rogers). 
Turrialba, Costa Rica (ArcS). 
Bebedero, Xicoya, Costa 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. cJ &d* *>k. 
;«. c? ad. sk. 
?i. <J ad, hk. 
o. Ad. *k. 
liica (Arce). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Chiriqui (Hfljks). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). 
Southern blope of Volcan 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I>, $. (J ad. sk. 
r. Ad.hk. 
*. $ ad. sk.: i. 
de Chiriqui (AreS). 
Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce), 
Veragua (Arte). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 jr. -t. ' 
3. Saltator magnus. 

Tangaia des grands bois, Daub. PL Mil. 205. 
Tanagra magna, Gm. S. 2V. i. p. 890; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 422 ; 
Ma v. Beitr. iii. p. £25. 
Saltator olhaeeus, VieilL Nouv. Diet xiv. p. 108; id. Em. Meth. 

p. 794; id. Gal. Ois. p. 103, pi. 77; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, 
p. 200. 
Saltator 
magnus, Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 489; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 142; 
Sduter. P. Z. S. 18-35, p. 154, 1856, p. 70, 1&58, p. 72, 1859, 

p. 1-18, lbOO, pp. 274, 293; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 8; id. Cat A. B, 
p. 95; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 218; Salv. Cat. Stricll. Coll. p. 199; 
id. Ibis. 1885, p. 218 (Brit. Guiana); Laijard, Ibis, 1873, p. 380 
(Para); Euler7J.f.O. 1867, p. 411 (S.E.Brazil); ScL et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1807, p. 750 (E. Peru) et p. 977 (Pebas), 1873, p. 185 
(S.Peru) et p. 263 (E.Peru), 1875, p. 237 (Venezuela), 1876, 
p. 16 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 505 (Antioquia) et p. 603 (Bolivia); 
tid. Nommcl p. 26; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 327 (Colombia); Tacz. 
P. Z.8.1874, p. 517 (Central Peru), 1877, p. 332 (N.W. Peru), 
1882, p. 16 0N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. li. p. 539; Berl. J.f. 0. 
1884, p. 293 ; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 548 (W. Ecuador) ; 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 121 (Santa Marta); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 
p. 334 (Pemambuco); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 84 (Ecuador). 
286 TAffA.GBID.ae. 

Grand Tanager, Lath. G. S. vi. p. 10. 

Le Griverd de Cayenne, Daub. PL JBnl 616 (?). 

Coracias cavanus, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 38. 

Comciaa cayana, Gm. S. K i. p. 381; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 172. 

Saltator cayana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 290. 

Cayenne Boiler, Lath. G. H. iii. p. 85. 

Above olive-green; sides of head cinereous * slight supereiliaries 
white: beneath pale cinereous, more or less mixed with fulvous; 
chin white, bordered on each side by a black stripe ; middle of 
throat and crissum fulvous; bill blackish; feet brown: whole 
length 7*5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3'5. Female similar. 

Ifab. From Panama southwards to Bolivia and South Brazil. 

The absence of any appearance of the black gorget distinguishes 
tis bir dfrom its northern representative S. magnoides. 

a. <$ ad. sk. 
b. <$ ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e,f. cS $ad. sk. 
Minca, U. S. C. (Si?no?is). 
Manaure, U. S. 0. (Simons). 
Bogota. 
Boguta. 
Bemedio«, Antioquia, U. S. 0. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Safrin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. Ad. sk. 
i Ad. sk. 
j . Ad. sk. 
k. Jr. sk. 
l} m. Ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
°iP* c? $ ad. sk. 
g. S ad. sk. 
r. Ad< sk. 
{Salmon). 
Sta. Itita, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Quito. m 
Chamicuros, E. Pefu 
(llauxivell). 
Mirkimarca, Bolivia 
(Buckley). 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bohvia 
(Buckley). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Boraima, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Cayenne. 
Para, Lower Amazons 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
J. Gould, E^ . 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. <$ ad. sk. 
t. Ad. sk. 
u. J ad. sk. 
?;, w. Ad. sk. 
x} y. Ad. sk. j 
z. Jr. sk. 
(Wallace). 
Para ( Wallace). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a'. 2 ad. sk. 
b'. Ad. sk. 
Bio Olaro, Goyaz, Brazil 
(Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
c'. Skeleton. Eyton Coll. 

4. Saltator atripennis. 
Saltator atripennis, Sclater, Pr. Ac. Sc. PMlad. viii. p. 261 (1856); id. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 6,1859. p. 138, 1860, p. 85; id. Cat. A. B. p. 95; 
Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. p. 26; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 505 (Antioquia); 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 548 (W. Ecuador). 
Above olive-green; head, wings, and tail black; well-marked 
supereiliaries, carried down to a patch on the side of the neck 

53. SALTAT0K. 
287 
behind the ears, white: below pale cinereous; throat pure white, 
bordered with black on each side ; crissum ochraceous; bill black; 
feet brown: whole length 8 inches, wing 3*8, tail^*7. 

Sab. Ecuador and Colombia. 

a, <$ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador SclaterColl. • 
(Fraser).

6. $ ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Purchased. 
c Ad.sk. Quito. J. Gould, Esq, 
d. Ad. sk. Antioqnia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 2 ad. Medellin, Antioqnia (Salmon). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon). 

g. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
5. Saltator simHis. 
Tanagra superciliaris, Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 518 ? 
Saltator similis, Lafr. et (TOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 36; cPOrb. Voy. 

p. 290, pi. 28. f. 2 ;" Bp. Consp. i. p. 489; Cab. Mus. Rem. i. p. 143 ; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 71; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 9; id. Cat. A. 
B. p. 95 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 218; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 26; 
Salv. Cat. Stricld. Coll. p. 200; Cab. J.f. 0.1874, p. 84. 
Saltator gutturalis, IAckt. in Mus. Berol. 

Above cinereous; inters capurium and greater wing-coverts and 
becondaries suffused with olive-green; superciliaries white : below 
pale fulvous; throat white, bordered on each side by a black line ; 
flanks passing into cinereous ; under wing-coverts pale fulvous ; 
bill plumbeous; feet brown: whole length 8-5 inches, wing 4, tail 4. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Southern Brazil arid Corrientes, rep. Arg. 

Ad. sk. 
Ad.sk. 
Bakia, Brazil ( Wncherer). 
Santa ¥6, Minas Geraes 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salviu-Godman Coll. 
o. S ^d. sk. 
d,e. <J Jad.sk. 
/ , g. Ad. sk. 
h. <$ ad. sk. 
(Rogers). 
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 
Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Brazil (Berl. Mus.). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
SclaterColl. (S.gutturdis 
9lAckt. MS.) 

6. Saltator maxillosus. 
Saltator maxillosus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 142; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 74; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 12; id. Cat. A. B. p. 96; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 
t>. 26. 
"Saltatorcaerulescens, Vieill." Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 142. 

* Saltator superciliaris, Licht. in Mus. Berol. p. 44. 
Saltator 
gularis, Lafr. in mus. suo; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 74; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 12; id. Cat. A. B. p. 96. 

* Above cinereous; superciliaries long and distinct, white; sides of 
the head blackish: below pale fulvous, mixed with cinereous, 
288 TASTAGRIDJ!:. 

especially on the flanks ; middle of throat and belly whitish; the 
throat bordered on each side by a rather broad black stripe; bend of 
wing and under wing-coverts white ; bill thick and swollen at the 
base, black, with a large yellowish blotch at the base of the upper 
mandible : whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 4. Young similar, 
but upper surface and wings tinged with olive, and bill black. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil and Uruguay. 

This species is at once recognizable by its massive bill, which has 
also a peculiar swelling at the base of the upper mandible, just below 
the nostril. In my American Catalogue I entered the young as 

8. mcLvillosus, as agreeing best with Dr. Cabanis's description, and 
the adult as 8. gularis. But the olive back and dark bill of the 
former are, I now think, probably due only to immaturity. 
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk.; d. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 

7. Saltator grandis. 
Tanagra grandis, LicM. Preis-Vep. p. 2 (1831); cf. Cab. J.f. 0. 

1863, p. 57. * 
Saltator rufiventris, Vig. Beecheifs Voy. p. 19. 
Saltator vigorsi, Gray, Gen. ii. p. 363; Bp. Consp. i. p. 489; id. Notes 

Orn. p. §3: Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 143. 
Saltator icterophrys, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1844, p. 41. 
Saltator grandis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 72, 1857, p. 205, 1859, 

pp. 58, 364,377,1864, p. 174 (Mexico); id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 10; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 96* 8el. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 14 (Guatemala) ,* iid. 

P.Z.8. 1870, p. 836 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 26; Moore, 
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 58 (Honduras) j Gab. J.f O. 1860, p. 416,18(51, 
p. 1 (Costa Rica); Sumichr. Mem. Bost. 8. N. II. i. p. 549 (Vera 
Cruz) j Laior. Ami. L. N. Y. ix. p. 102 (Costa Rica) et p. 200 
(Yucatan); id. Bull. U. 8. N. M. no. 4, p. 19 (W. Mexico) ; Fmniz. 
J.f. 0.1869, p. 300 (Costa Rica); Sato. Cat Strickl. Coll. p. 200; 
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 443 '(&$& Rica) ; Salv. et Godm. Biol 
Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 828. 
Above cinereous, wings and tail blackish; superciliaries white; 
,sides of head black : below pale cinereous; middle of throat white, 
with a broad black stripe on each side ; crissum rufous; lower belly 
and under wing-coverts ochraceous; bill blackish, paler at the base 
of the lower mandible ; feet dark brown: whole length 8-5 inches, 
wing 4*1, tail 4*1. Female similar. Young. Above olive-green, 
superciliaries yellowish; below suffused with olive-green, crissum 
rufescent. 

Eab. Southern Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America south to 
Costa Rica. 

a. Jr. sk. Orizaba (Botteri). Sclater OolI# 
b. Ad. sk. ; e~e. Orizaba (Botteri). Purchased. 
Jr. sk. 
53 . SALTATOR. 
289 
/ . Ad. sk. Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico (Sumi-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
chrasf), 

g. 
Ad. sk.; h. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. ; J. Jr. Northern Yucatan (Gatimer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

k. d jr. sk.; Dueiias, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I 
$ Ad. sk. 

m. Ad. sk. San Pedro,Honduras (WMtehj). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
?i. Ad. sk. Honduras. D. Dyson [C], 
o. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 
Ad. sk. San Jose, Costa Rica ( CarmioT). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q, r. Ad. sk. Tempate, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 

s. 
Ad. sk. Volcan de Cartago, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
£. cJ ad. sk. 
Nicaragua (Nutting). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
[P.]. 

8. Saltator pliimbeiceps. 
Saltator plumbeiceps, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 477; id. Mem, Bost. 
S. N. H. ii. p. 274: Salv. et God?n. Biol. CentraAm.. Aves, i. 
p. 329. 
Above cinereous; superciliaries white : below pale cinereous; 

throat white, with, a black stripe on each side; middle of belly-

lighter ; crissum ochraceous; bill and feet dark plumbeous: whole 

length 8*4 inches, 
wing 4*1, tail 4*1. Female similar. Young. 

Above olivaceous, with yellowish superciliaries; beneath pale yel


lowish ; rictal stripe blackish. 

Hab. Western Mexico. 

Yery closely allied 
to 8. grandis, of which it is, no doubt, the 

western form, but not so dark above and much paler below. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Mazatlan, Mexico (Xantus). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S jr. sk. Putla, S. Mexico (Boiward). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 2 a& sk-; Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 
$ jr.sk. 
g. 
Jr. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
9. Saltator olivascens. 
Saltator olivascens, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 676; id. Mus. Hein. 
i. p. 142 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 490; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 71,1857, 
p. 19; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 9; id. Cat A. B. p. 95 ; Feb. Orn. Bras. 
p. 218; Bel. et Salv. F. Z. S. 1868,p. 167 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl 
p. 26; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 83 (Trinidad); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 
p. 327 (Colombia); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 121 (Santa 
Marta"). 
Saltator icterophrys, Leot. Ois. de Trin. p. 285. 
Saltator plumbeus, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 23; id. Compt. Fend, xxxvii. 

p. 923 (Santa Marta). 
Above cinereous; wings and tail blackish, edged with cinereous; 
short 
superciliaries white: below pale cinereous ; middle of throat 
VOL. xi. v 

290 TANAGRIDJE. 

white, with a broad blackish stripe on each side; middle of belly 
whitish; flanks, lower part of belly, and crissum oehraceous; under 
wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 
7*5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*5. Female similar. Young, llore or 
less tinged with olivaceous above and below; superciliaries yellowish 
; sometimes with slight striations on the breast. 

Hob. Guiana, Trinidad, Venezuela, and northern coast of Colombia. 

Some specimens of this species resemble examples of 8. plumbekeps 
so closely that it is very difficult to distinguish them. In general, 
however, the present bird may be recognized by its more cinereous 
breast, and darker, more plumbeous upper surface. 

a. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Carupano, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Jr. sk. Venezuela {Goering). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
%. Ad. sk.; Santa Marta, IT. S. C. (Wyatt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Jr. sk. 
j. tf ad. sk.; Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. $ jr. sk. 
I, Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Venezuela (?). Purchased. 
n. Ad. sk. Venezuela (?). P. L. Sclater, Esq, [P.]. 
10. Saltator cserolescem 
Habia de ceja blanca, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 344. 
Saltator caerulescens, Vieill. Nouv. Diet xiv. p. 105; id. Ene. Meth. 

p. 791; Hartl Ind. Az. p. 6; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 287: Sclater. 
P. Z. S. 1856, p. 73; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 11; id. Cat. A. B. p. 9fJ ; 
Sd. et Sah. Nomencl. n. 26; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 603 (Bolivia}; 
Burm. La Plata Beise, ii. p. 480 (Parana); Dumford, Ibis. 1878 
p. 59 (rep. Arg.) ; Sah. Ibis, 1880, p. 353 (Salts): White, PZ. si 
1882, p. 597 (Salta); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882. p. 16: id. Orn. Per. ii 
p.544(N.E. Peru?). 

Above cinereous, wings and tail ratber darker; short snperciliaries 
white : beneath, pale cinereous; throat white, with a blaekiaL 
rictal stripe on each side; fore neck slightly tinged with fulvous • 
middle of belly whitish; lower belly and crissum strongly suffused 
with fulvous; under wing-coverts pale fulvous ; bill blackish ; feet 
dark brown: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 4*1. Female 
similar to the male, but slightly smaller. 

Eab. Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia. 

This specie^ is very like 8. olivascew, but is rather larger in size, 
and has the fulvous colour below extended further over the lower 
belly. 

a. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Sclater Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Oran, Salta, Arg. Rep. ( White). Sclater Coll.* 
c. $ ad. sk. Oran, Salta, Arg. Rep. ( White). Salvin-Godman Coll 
d. tf, e. 2 sk. Salta, Arg. Rep. H. Durnford fc.l 
f. Skeleton Eyton Coll. 
53 . SALTATOE. 
11. SaJtator superciliaris. 
Tanagra superciliaris, 8pix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 44, pi. 57. 

Saltator superciliaris, 
Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 142 ,* Salv. Cat. Strichl 
Coll p. 200; Scl et Salv. P.Z.S. 1873, p. 263 (E. Peru); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 26; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 541; White, P. Z. S. 1882, 

p. 597 (Corrientes) (?). 
Saltator ceeruleseens, Tseli. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 209. 
Tanagra muta, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Saltator irtutus, Mater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 72; id. Sun. Av. Tan. p. 10; 
ttf.Orf.2l 2?. p. 96. 
Saltator azarae, cTOrb. Voy. p. 287; Bp. Consp. i. p. 490; Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1856, p. 73, 1858, p. 72; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 11; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 96; Scl et Sah. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 181, 1867, p. 977 (E. 
Peru), 1809, p. 597 (S. Peru); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 219; Tacz. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 540. 
Saltator aibicollis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 517 (Lima). 

Above dark cinereous, rather blacker on the wings and tail; 

short superciliary stripe -white: beneath pale cinereous; middle of 

throat white, with a broad blackish rietai stripe on each side; lower 

belly and erissum 
pale fulvous; under wing-coverts white, some


times tinged with fulvous; bill blackish ; feet dark brown: whole 

length 8*5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 3*8. Female similar. Young more 

or less tinged with olive above and below. 

Hub. Lower Amazonia, Peru, and Ecuador, 

The Lower Amazonian skins are mostly rather paler in colouring, 

"but cannot, I think, be separated from the Peruvian bird, which 

Mr. Salvin and I 
have sometimes referred to as S. azarce. The 

species also comes very near to 8. olivascens^ but may be distinguished 

by its darker cinereous colour above and on the breast. 

a, h. Ad. sk.; JMexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 

c. Jr. sk. {Wallace). 
d. Ad. sk. ^TPPer Ecayali {Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
fyff-<5 2 ^ S^* Pebas, E. Peru {Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Jr. sk. Eastern Peru {Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L 
Ad. sk. Cosnipata, South-western Peru Sclater Coll. 
( WJdtehj). 

j. 
Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. 
k. 
Ad. sk, Samyacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, w. Ad, sk. Bolivia, T. Bridges [0.]. 
12. Saltator orenocensis. 
Saltator orenocensis, Lafr. B. Z. 1846, p. 274; Gray, Gen.^ App. 
p. 16; Bp. Consp. I p. 490; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 143; Scl P. Z. S. 
185(5, p. 77; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 15; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 26; 
Sah. Cat. Strichl. Coll p. 200. 
Saltator genalis, LicU. in Mus. Berol 

Above plumbeous; wings and tail blackish, edged with plumbeous 
; superciliaries distinct, and commencing on the front, white 
sides of head and neck black, with a square white spot adjoining 

v2 

292 TA3STAGRIDJE. 

the baso of the lower mandible: beneath white, passing into clear 
ferruginous on the flanks and crissum; under wing-coverts white ; 
bill black; feet dark brown: whole length 7*3 inches, wing 3*4, 
tail 3-2. 

Hob. Venezuela. 

A very distinct species, easily known by the well-defined black 
of the sides of the head, and the small white spot at the base of 
tho lower mandible. 

a. Ad. sk. Angostura, Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
13. Saltator aurantiirostris. 
Habia pico naranjado, Azara, Apwit. i. p. 349. 
Saltator aurantiirostris, Vieill Nouv. Diet xiv. p. 103; id. Mic. Meth. 


p. 789 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 288; JBp. Consp. i. p. 490; Scl. P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 74; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 12; id. Cat. A. B. p. 96; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl p. 26 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 598 (Salta) ; Burm. 
J.f. 0.1858, p. 160 (Mendoza), 1860, p. 253; id. La Plata Beise, 
ji. p. 481. 
Above cinereous, with a slight olivaceous suffusion ; head rather 
darker; sides of head and throat black ; superciliary stripe, commencing 
above the eye, white r^^^^ e cinereous mixed with fulvous, 
a well-marked guttural collar joining the sides of the throat 
black; ends of the outer rectrices more or less varied with white; 
bill clear orange; feet greyish brown: whole length 7*5 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 3-5. Female and Young not so brightly coloured, and 
with the guttural collar almost or altogether absent; no white on 
the outer tail-feathers ; superciliary stripe fulvous. 

Hab. Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern and western portions of 
Argentine Republic. 

a,b. $ $ ad. sk.;
c. S jr. sk. 
Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Rep. 
( White). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d,e. $ $ ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Eep. (Burmeister). 
Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.
g. <$ ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk. 
Argentine Republic. 
Pampas Argentinas (Leybold). 
Paraguay. 
Monte Video (Sello). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
j . Ad. sk.
k,l. Ad. sk. 
Paysandu, Uruguay. 
Bolivia (?). " 
A. Peel [C.]. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
14. Saltator laticlavius. 

Saltator aurantiirostris, d'Orb. etLafr. Syn. i. p. 35; o?Orb. Voy., Ois. 

p. 288 (partim). 
Saltator laticlavius, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 151,1873, p. 780 
(S. Peru), 1879, p. 603 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl p. 26: Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 517 (Centr. Peru), 1880, p. 198 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 16 (K.E. 
Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 545. V 
Above cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tinge; superciliary stripe, 

53 . SALTATOR. 293 
from above the eye backwards, white ; sides of head joined together 
by a very broad guttural collar, wtiich encircles the whole throat, 
black; abdomen greyish, with a strong fulvous tinge in the middle; 
two outer rectrices with strongly marked terminal white patches on 
their inner webs; bill clear orange ; feet brown: whole length 
8-5 inches, wing 4, tail 4*2. Female and Young. More olivaceous, 
and with the guttural collar almost or entirely absent. 

Hal. Bolivia and Peru. 

Closely allied to S. aurantiirostris, but distinguishable by the enlarged 
guttural collar and the more extended and more distinctly 
marked white tips to the outer rectrices. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type 
b. S ad. skc. Jr. sk.
d} e. & $ ad. sk.;
/ . 6 jr. sk. 
g, h. Ad. sk. 
Tinta, Peru {Whitely). 
Tinta, Peru \Whitely). 
Sorata, Bolivia {Buckley). 
Bolivia (D. Forbes).
of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman CoU. 
H. Whitely [0.]. 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
15. Saltator atricollis. 

Habia gola negra, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 349. 

Saltator atricollis, Vieill. JVouv.Diet. xiv. p. 104; id. Fnc. Mith. p. 790; 
d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 288; Bp. Consp. i. p. 490; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 77; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 15; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 97; Felz. 
Orn. Bras. p. 219; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 26 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 604 (Bolivia) ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. CoU. p. 200. 
Tanagra atricollis, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 43, pi. 56.fig. 2. 
Saltator validus, Vieill. Nouv. Bid. xiv. p. 106. 
Tanagra jugularis, Zicht. Doubl. p. 31. 
Fringilla iugularis, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 558. 
Saltator sordidus, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1845, p. 295. 
Tanagra personata, Natt. MS. (teste Felzeln). 
Above cinereous brown; wings and tail blackish, edged with 
cinereous ; front and sides of the head, with the throat and fore neck, 
black; abdomen bufTy white, flanks and crissum rufescent; bill 
orange, with a line along the culmen blackisb ; feet reddish: whole 
length 8 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3*6. Female similar. 

Hob. South Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Kio. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
16. Saltator rufiveiitris. 
Saltator rufiventris, Zafr. et oVOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 35; ffOrb. Voy., Ois 
p. 289, pi. 28. fig. 1; Gray, Gen. ii. p. 363; Bp. Consp. l. p. 489 ; Ac*. 
P Z S 1856, p. 74; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 12; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl 
p." 26; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 603 (Bolivia). 
Above dark plumbeous; superciliaries white: below chestnut


294 TASTA.GRIMJ. 

red; throat and upper breast like the back ; bill horn-colour; feet 
brown : whole length 9 inches, wing 4*4, tail 4. Female and Young 
more obscure, washed with olive; abdomen paler. 

Hab. Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 
17. Saltator flavidieoHis. 
Saltatorflavidicollis,Scl P. Z. S. I860, p. 274 ; id. Cat A. B. p. 96; 
Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 548; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 548. 
Saltator olivascens, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 327 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 


1877, p. 320 (err. ?). 

Above cinereous, washed with olive-green, short superciliaries 
white: below dirty white, tinged with yellowish; under wing-
coverts white ; bill horn-colour, tip yellow ; feet dark brown: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*7. Young with breast striated, 
much resembling S. alhicollis (!). 

Hab. Western Ecuador. 

I am much perplexed about this bird, which, in 1871, llr. Salvin 
and I agreed to regard as the young of 8. olivascens. But MIT. 
Berlepsch and Taczanowski are quite opposed to this view, and certainly, 
judging from the specimens in Messrs. Salvin and Godman's 
series from Puna, it would seem to be more correct to place this species 
next to 8. alhicollis. In fact it is difficult to detect much difference 
between specimen "h of the subjoined list and some examples of 

8. alhicollis. 
a, h. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.; h.
Jr. sk. 
Babahoyo, Ecuador. 
W. coast of S. America. 
Guayaquil (Barclay). 
Puna I., Guayaquil (Villagomez). 
L. Fraser J"0.]. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
G.Barclay,Esq.[P.]. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll 

18. Saltator alhicollis. 
Saltator alhicollis, Vieill Nouv, Diet xiv. p. 107; id. Em. Mith. 
p. 793 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 489; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 75; id. Syn. 
Av. Tan. p. 13; id. Cat A.B. p. 97; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 327; Scl 
etSalv. Nomencl. p. 26; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 505 (Antioquia); Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 517 (Lima), 1879, p. 229 (N. Peru), 1880, p. 198 
(N. Peru),- id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 542; Salv, et Godm. Ibis, 1880, 
p. 122 (S. Marts); id. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, L p. 330; Salvin, 
P. Z. S.1883, p. 421 (Panama); id. Cat Strickl Cot p. 200: Berl 
J.f. 0.1884, p. 293 (Bucaramanga). 
Saltator maculipectus, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1847, p. 73; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 489; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 76; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 14; id. 
Cat A. B. p. 97; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 83 (Trinidad) ; Scl et Salv. 
P. Z. S.1868, p. 167 (Venezuela). 
Saltator striatipectus, Lafr. JRev. Zool 1847, p. 73; Bp. Consp. I p. 489 ; 
Sclatw, P. Z. S.1855, p. 154,1856, p. 76,1866, p. 97; id. Syn. Av. 

53. SALTATOE. 295 
Tan. p. 14; id. Cat. A. B. p. 97 ; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y vii. p. 331 
(Panama), viii. p. 175 (Chiriqui). 
Saltator isthmicus, Sclater, P. Z. S.1861, p. 130; id. Cat. A. B. p. 97; 
Scl et Sab. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 351 (Panama) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 141,1870, p. 189 (Veragua). 
Above ashy grey, more or less suffused, except on the ends of the 
primaries and tail, with olive-green; sides of head cinereous; short 
supereiliaries in front of the eye, sometimes almost obsolete, whitish: 
beneath white; breast more or less marked with longitudinal olivaceous 
striatums; under wing-coverts white; bill plumbeous, or 
with a yellowish tip ; feet brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, 
tail 3*6. Female similar. 

Hah. Veragua, Panama, and west coast of S. America down to 
Lima; also Colombia, Yenezuela, and Trinidad. 

This is a wide-ranging and variable species, of which I was formerly 
inclined to make several species. The examination of the 
large series enumerated below has convinced me that it is not possible 
to distinguish the various forms, even as subspecies, satisfactorily. 
I have examined the type of S. albicollis of Yieillot at 
Paris, and believe it to be an immature bird of this species. 

a. 5 ad. s*k„ Santa F6, Veragua (AreS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. J ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c7. d. £ Q ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. Panama {Hughes). Sclater Coll. . 
gf h. Ad. sk. Panama [Belt). Sclater Coll. (Types 
of S. isthmicus.) 
i7j. S 5 ad. sk. Panama (McZeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<k[ J ad. sk. Panama (Hicks). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Panama (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


m. Ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Sclater Coll. 
n, o. $ ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Ocana, Magdalena Valley Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wyatt). 
q* Ad. sk. Puerto Cabello. Sclater Coll. 


r. Ad. sk. Yenezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

sf t. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 

Zool. Soc. Coll. 

«. Ad. sk. Trinidad. 

Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

v-x. Ad. sk. 

Bogota. Purchased. 

y. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

s. Ad. sk. 
a', &'. $ ad. sk. Medellin, Antioc[uia, U. S. C. Salvin-Goduian Coll. 

(Salmon). 

<?'. J ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 

(Salmon). 

d'. Ad. sk. Guajango, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 

e\ Ad. sk. Lima (Nation). Sclater Coll. 

19. Saltator guadalupensis. 
Saltator guadalupensis, Lafr. Pev. Zool.im, p. WiB*. ConspA. 
p. 4B9i Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 76, 1871, p. 270 (S.Lucia)i; tg. 
Syn Av. Tan. p. 14 ; id. Cat. A. B, p. 97 Semper, P. Z. & 1872, 
TAKAGEID33. 

p. 649 (S. Lucia); Scl. et Salv. Nbmenel. p. 26; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 
p. 167 (Dominica); Lawrence, Proc. U. S. N. M. I. pp. 57 (Dominica), 
354 (Martinique), 457 (Guadaloupe), et 487. 
Saltator martinicensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 489; Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 76: 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 14; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 267. 

Above cinereous; head, upper back, and wings externally strongly-
suffused with olive-green; superciliaries, more or less distinctly 
marked, white; sides of head cinereous : below dirty white, purer 
on the middle of the throat, which is bordered on each side by a 
blackish stripe; breast slightly tinged with olivaceous, and more or 
less longitudinally striated with dark shaft-stripes ; basal portion of 
bill blackish, apical portion and gonys yellowish; feet brown: 
whole length 8 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*6. Female similar. 

Eab. Guadaloupe, Martinique, and S. Lucia, West Indies. 

This is an insular form of S. albicoUis, to be recognized by its 
grey rump, the black stripes which border the throat on each side, 
and the generally more obscure colour below. 

a. $ ad, sk Martinique (fiber). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c <$ $ ad. sk. Martinique (Ober). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Martinique. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Santa Lucia (Semper). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Santa Lucia (Semper), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Santa Lucia. Sclater Coll. 
54. LAMPEOSPIZA. 
Type. 
Lamprospiza, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 246.. L. melanoleuca. 
In plumage Lamprospiza reminds one of Cissqpis, but in structure 

it comes nearer to Saltator, although the bill is rather weaker. The 
tail is of moderate length and squared at the extremity. The single 
species is restricted to Cayenne and Lower Amazonia. The sexes 
are distinct. 

1. Lamprospiza melanoleuca. 
Saltator melanoleucus, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 105; id. JEnc. MSth. 
p. 791. 
Lamprospiza melanoleuca, Sclater, Tan. Cat Sp. p. 4 * id. P, Z. S. 
1856, p. 78, et 1857, p. 79 (note) * id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 16; id. 
Cat A. B. p. 94; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 218 (Para)-, Set. et Salv. 
Nomencl p. 25; Salv. Cat Strichl Coll p. 199. 

Divaricated Tanager, Lath. Gen. Hist, vi p, 40. 
Tanagra duplicata, Lath, in 3fus. JDerb. 
Psaris habia, Less. Cent. Zool p. 186, pL 59. 
Tityra habia, Gray, Gen. ii. p. 253. 
Lamprospiza habia, Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 246; Bp. 


Consp. i. p. 492. 

Above shining black; below white; throat and breast, continued in 
two broad lines which pass from the middle of the breast on each 
side anderthe wing, shining black; thighs black * under wing-coverts 

55. ORCHESTICTTS. 
white; bill yellow; feet black: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 3-3, 

tail 2-5. Female similar, but the whole of the back and upper 

wing-coverts cinereous. 

Bab. Cayenne and Lower Amazonia. 

a,b. S $ ad. sk. Cayenne. J. Gould, Esq. 

c. (S ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
d, e. S $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
55. OECHESTICUS. 
Type. 
Orchesticus, Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 143 (1851) 0. abeillii. 
The singular brown Tanager upon which Cabanis based his genus 

Orchesticus would at first sight be taken for a female, from its dull 
brown plumage. But there is no doubt that it is a distinct and 
rather isolated form, in which the sexes are clad nearly alike. The 
much rounded culmen and swollen upper mandible of the altogether 
shorter bill distinguish this Brazilian monotype from Saltator. 

1. Orchesticus abeillii 
Pyrrhula abeillei, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 40. 
Tanagra occipitalis, Natt. in Mus. Berol. 
Orchesticus occipitalis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 143. 
Orchestieus abeillii, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 66; id. Syn. Av. Tan. 


p. 4; id. Cat. A. B. p. 97; Teh. Orn. Bras. p. 220; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomenol. p. 26. 
Above hazel-brown, back of head plumbescent; front clear rufous; 

wings chestnut-red, with the parts of the webs adjoining the shafts 

blackish; wing-coverts yellowish rufous; tail rufous; beneath 

nearly uniform ochraceous brown; under wing-coverts yellowish 

rufous; bill dark plumbeous, paler below; feet brown: whole length 

7*4 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*5. Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 

c. S ad. sk.; d, e. $ Brazil. 
Selater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. 
S ad. sk.; ijj. $ Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (Joyner). 
e. PITYLIOE TUMIDIEOSTEES. 
In Fitylus and its allies we have arrived at the extremity of the 
Tanagrine series, where the strong-billed Pinches of the genus 
Cardinalis and Fheucticus are doubtless not far distant. The bill is 
very strong and the upper mandible greatly swollen; but the 
characteristic terminal notch is always more or less discernible, and 
the median tooth also occasionally present. 

20 8 
TANAGRID2E. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Bill longer \ upper mandible slightly 
expanded j feet strong: 
(tail moderate, rounded 56. OPJEOTHHAUPIS, p. 298. 
(tail very long, graduated 57. CISSOPIS, p. 299. 

B. Bill shorter; upper mandible much 
expanded; feet weak : 
( bill smaller; commissure smooth 58. SCHISTOCHLAMYS, p. 301. 
< bill larger; commissure more or 
( less dentated 59. PITYLTTS, p. 303. 

5G. OREOTHRAUPIS. 

Type. 
Oreothraupis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 80 0. arremonopp. 

Bill and foot of Oreothraupis arremonops. 

This well-marked monotype of the Andes of Ecuador in style of 
plumage and general habit corresponds rather to the members of the 
genus Arremon. But the bill is altogether different, the upper mandible 
swelling slightly in the middle and overlapping the under, as in the 
genus Lanio, though not developed into a decided hook. It is, however, 
much shorter, broader, and deeper than in the last-named genus, 
and has more general resemblance to that of some of the Saltatores. 

1. Oreothraupis arremonops. 
Saltator arremonops, 
Jard. JEdinh. N. Phil. Journ. ser. 2, ii. p. 119 
(1855) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 84, pi. xcii. 
Oreothraupis arremonops, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 80; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 18 ; Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl p. 25 j iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 439. 

Above dark chestnut-brown ; wings and tail blackish, edged with l^ chestnut-brown; head black, with a br-own* vertical stripe and two 
superciliary stripes cinereous : below chestnut, browner on the flanks 

57. CISSOPIS. 
299 
and crissum; middle of belly cinereous ; throat black; bill black; 
leet clear horn-colour: whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3*2. 

Mak Ecuador. 
a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Imtae, Ecuador (Buckley). Satvin-Godman Coll. 

57. GISSOPIS. 
Type. 
Cissopi*, VieSl. Analyse, p. 40 (181G) C. leveriana. 
Bethylus, Cui\ Begn. An. i. p. 341 (1817) C. leveriana. 
This is an exceptionally well-marked form among the Tanagers, 

at once distinguished by its long graduated tail and glossy black and 
white plumage. The bill is short and strong and terminated by a 
powerful hook. The feet are large and strong. Gissopis ranges 
over South America from Colombia to Southern Brazil. 

I am only able to distinguish two forms of this genus. Of them 
the smaller one, hitherto usually called media and minor, seems 
really best entitled to bear the original name " leveriana" I have 
therefore followed Cabanis in calling the larger form Gissopis major. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Smaller; the black of the back reaching only to 
the iiiter^capulium 1. leveriana, p. 299. 
k 
Larger; the black of the back extended below 
the iiiterscapulium 2. major, p. 300. 

1. Gissopis leveriana, 
Lanius le\erianus, Gm. S. K i. p. 302 (1789); Shaw, Mus. Lever. 

t p. 24L 
Lanius pieatus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 73. 
Corvus collurio, Baud. Orn. ii. p. 246. 
Bethylus medius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 491. 
Cisnopis media, Sd. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 79 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 17; id. 

Cat A. B. p. 94; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 181,18G7, pp. 750, 
977, et 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru), et p. 263 (Upp. Amaz.); iid. 
NomeneL p. 25; Tees. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 16 ; id. Orn, Per. ii. p. 538; 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 213 (Brit. Guian.). 

Saltator bicoior, Jbafr. etdOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 36. 
Bethylus picatus, dOrb. Foy., Ois. p. 269; Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 
1844, pt. i. p. 288. 
CiBROpis minor, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 211; Cab. in Schomb. Oman. 

iii. p. 677; Sclat P. Z. S. 1855, p. 154,1856, p. 79, et 1858, p. 454 ; 
id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 17; id. Cat. A. B. p. 94; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1875. p. 237 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 603 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl 
p. 25; Tom. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 517; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 536. 
Bethylus minor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 491. 
Magpie Shrike, Lath. Q. H. ii. p. 94. 
Above pure white; whole head and neck down to the interscapulium 
shining black; wings and tail black; lesser wing-coverts, spots 
at the ends of the greater wing-coverts, margins of outer secondaries, 

TAETAGKIDiE. 

and ends of the tail-feathers white: below white; throat and breast, 
extending in a point down to the middle of the belly, shining black ; 
feathers lanceolate; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: 
whole length 10 inches, wing 4*5, tail 5*4. Female similar. 

Hah. Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. <$ ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.; g. Pull.
sk. 

h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I. S ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Bartica Grove ( Whiiehj). 
San Cristobal, Venezuela 

(Goeri?ig). 

 San Cristobal, Venezuela 

( Goering). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 

 Colombia. 

 Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley), 
Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley), 
San Jose, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Pebas, E. Peru (Ifauzivell). 
Ueayali (Ilauxiuell). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

2. Cissopis major. 
Bethylus picatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 545 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 491. 
Cissopis major, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 144 (1851); id. J.f.O. 1874, 

p. 84 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 204. 
Cissopis leverianus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 78 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 16 ; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 94; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 181; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 25; Felz. Orn. Bras. p. 217; Salv. Cat. Strlcld. Coll. 

p. 199; Berl. J.f 0.1873, p. 245 (S. Catharina); Reinh. Fuglef. 
Bras. Camp. p. 230. 
Le Pie Pie-griecke, Levaill. Ois. cVAfr. ii. p. 33, pi. GO. 

Above pure white; whole head and neck, extending in a point 
clown to the lower part of the interscapulium, shining black; lesser 
wing-coverts, spots at the ends of the greater coverts, margins of 
the outer secondaries, and tips of the tail-feathers white: below 
white; throat and breast, descending to a point in the middle of the 
belly, shining black; feathers lanceolate; under wing-coverts white; 
bill and feet black: whole length 11*5 inches, wing 4*8, tail 6-2. 
Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil 

Only separable from the former by its rather larger size, and the 
greater extent of the black on the upper surface. 

a. Ad. si 
b1 c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Bahia,Brazil (Wucherer). 
Rio, Brazil. 
Lord Stuart de Rothesay [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
f. 6 ad. sk. 
Rio Claro, Goyaz, 
Brazil (Joyner). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. h. Ad. sk. 
Sul, Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

58. scrcisTocKLAMirs. 
301 

58. SCHISTOCHLAMYS. ^ 
Schistochlamys, Beichb. Av. 8yst. Wat tab. lxxvii. (1850) S. capistrata. 
The Tanagers of the genus 8chistoc7ilamys, as here limited, make 
a decided approach to the truo Tcmagrm, and I have much doubt about 
this being their correct position. The bill is moderately thick, and 
has a decided, though small, terminal notch; tho wings are rather 
short; the tail very slightly rounded ; the claws short. The sexes 
when adult seem to be similarly coloured. 

1. Schistochlamys capistratus. 
Tanagra capistrata, Max. Beise n. Bras. ii. p. 500 (1821) ; id. Beitr. 
iii. p. 500; Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 41, pi. 54, f. 1. 
Diucopis capistrata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 491. 
Orchesticus capistratus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. G7; id. Syn. Av. 
Tan. p. 5; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 98; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 220; Scl. et 

Salv. Nomenel. p. 26; Fortes, Ibis, 1881, p. 334 (Pernambuco) ; 

Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 201. 

Tanagra leucophssa, Licht. JDoubl. p. 32. 
Schistochlamys leucophsea, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 141. 


Above grey; wings and tail blackish, edged with grey; cap 

brown; front, lores, line round the eye, and chin black: beneath 

clear reddish ochraceous; flanks and lower part of belly grey; 

crissum like the breast; under wing-coverts white; bill plumbeous ; 

feet dark brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3*3. 

Female similar. Young. Above greyish brown, below not so bright 

as in the adult; middle of belly olivaceous. 

Hab. South-eastern Brazil. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk.; c. $ Pernambuco, Brazil Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. , {Forbes). 
d, e. Ad. sk.; /. Jr. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
L Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Prov. Rio Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Youds). 


j. <$ ad. sk. 
Sao Paulo, Brazil {Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. 
<S ad. sk Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
I. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sul, Brazil (Joyner). 
m. Jr. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
o. Skeleton, Brazil. 
Eyton Coll. 
2. Schistochlamys atra. 
Tangara a cravatte noire de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 714. fig. 2. 
Tanagra atra, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 898. ^ 
Saltator ater, Cab. in Scliomb. Quian. iii. p. 677. 
Nemosia atra, Bp. Consp. i. p. 23(y. 
Diucopis atra, Bp. Consp. i. p. 492. 
Schistochlamys atra, Cab. Mus. Eein. i. p. 141; Sclater, P. Z. S.1855, 


p. 154. 
302 
TAXAGKIDiE. 

Tanagra melanopis, Lath, Ind. Orn. i. p. 422; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 504. 
Saltator melanopis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 103; id. JEnc. Meth 

p. 790; cTOrb. Vmj., Ois. p. 291; Tseh. Faun. Per. p. 210. 
Orchesticns ater, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 67; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 5 : 
icl Cat. A. B. p. 98; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 213 (Guiana); Scl et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 597 (S. Peru), 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru), 1875 

p. 237 (Venezuela), 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 505 (Antioquia) 
et p. 604 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 26; Peiz. Orn. Bras 
p. 220j Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 327 (Colombia),* Forbes, Ibis, 1881 \ 
p. 334 (Pernainbuco); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 547; Berl. J. f. 0. 
1884, p. 294 (Bucaramanga); Salv. Cat. Strickl Coll p. 201 • id 
Ibis, 1885, p. 213 (Brit. Guian.). 
Tanagra 
olivina, Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 607, et 1873, p. ISO, pi. xxl. 
(jr.) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 210. 
Black-faced Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 12. 

Grey, wings and tail blackish edged with grey; helow paler, 

middle of belly and under wing-coverts whitish ; front half of head,' 

sides of head, and throat down to the middle of the breast black; 

bill plumbeous; feet 
black: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 

3*2. Female similar. Young. Cinereous olive-green; below paler; 

wings and tail brown edged with olive. 

Hah. South America, from Trinidad and Colombia down to 

Bolivia and Southern Brazil; but not yet observed in Upper 

Amazonia. 

In the series are several specimens showing the passage from the 

uniform cinerascent olive plumage of the young bird {Tanagra 

olivina, olim) to the adult. 

a. Ad.sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. $ ad. sk.; d, Roraima, Brit. Guiana Saivin-Godman Coll. 
•$ 
ad. sk.; e. 3 F-(Whitely). 

sk. ;/,£.$ jr. <sk. 

h. Ad. j i. 6 jr. sk. Merurne* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). 
j. Jr. sk. Countyn r., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(im Thunn), 

h. Ad. sk. Cayenne {Mather). Sclater Coll. 
1, m. Ad. sk. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Pernambuco, Brazil 

{Forbes). 
n, Jr. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil Sclater Coll. 

(Fo?*bes). 

o. <$ jr. sk. Cuyaba {batterer). Sclater Coll. (Tvne 
of Tanagra olivina, Sclater.) 
p, q. Ad. sk. Raniosani, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Buckley). 

r. $ 
jr. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
s. $ ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru( Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
t 
Ad. sk. Antioquia, U.S. of ColomSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
bia (Salmon). 

u. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. j w} x. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
y. Ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq. 
59. PITYI/DS. 
303 
59. 
PITYLUS. 
Type. 
Pitylus, Cuv. Regn. An. i. p. 413 (1829) P. groans. 
Cissurus, Reich. Av. Syst Nat. t, 77 (1850) P. iuliginosua. 
Periporphyrus, Reich.'Av. Syst. t. 77 (1850) P. erythromelas. 
Caryothraustes, Reich. Av. Syst t. 78 (1850) P. viridis. 
In Pitylus the Tanagrine hill reaches its greatest development, and 

it is by no means easy, it must he confessed, to draw the line "between 
these birds and some of the Coccothraustinc Pinches. But most of 
the Pityli show traces of the commissural tooth, and all possess the 
terminal notch and more or less hooked termination of tho mandible, 
which is characteristic of the Tanagridce. 

The Pityli, as here treated of, extend over the whole Neotropical 
area from South Mexico to Paraguay and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
General colour grey or blackish-grey : 
I throat white". 1. grossus, p. 303. 
j throat black 2. fidiginosus, p. 304. 
B. 
General colour black and red: 
I back red 3. erythromelas, p. 305. 
(back black 4. celceno, p. 305. 
O. General plumage olft e and yellow. 
a. Belly yellow: 
\ smaller: front yellow 5. viridis, p. 306. 
j larger: front black 6. brasiliensis, p. 306. 
b. Belly cinereous: 
J cap and breast yellow 7. poliogaster, p. 307. 
\ cap and breast cinereous 8. liumeralis, p. 307. 
1. Pitylus grossus. 
Loxia grossa, Linn. S. N. i. p. 307. 
Pitylus grossus, Cab. in Schomh. Guian. iii. p. 677 5 id. Mus. Hein. i. 


p. 143 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 503; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 154, 1850, 
p. 64,1857, p. 264, et 1860, p. 293 j id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 2; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 98; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 352 (Panama), 
1873, p. 185 (S. Peru) et p. 263 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 505 (Antioquia); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 26; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 140 
(Truando r.), 1865, p. 170 (Costa Rica) j id. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. 
p. 298 (Panama), ix. p. 102 (Oosta Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 141 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 317 (Nicaragua), 1885, p. 213 
XBrit. Guian.): Perl J.f. 0.1873, p. 245 5 Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 518 (Central Peru) ; id. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 548 5 Peh. Orn. Bras. 
p. 220 ,* Salv. et Godm. Biol. Cmtr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 331 j Berl. 
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 549 (W. Ecuador). 
Grosbec bleu d'Amenqne, Daub. PI. Enl 154. 
White-throated Grosbeak, Lath. G. J£ v. p. 268. 


Above and beneath nearly uniform bluish grey; wings and tail 
black, edged with bluish grey; throat white; lores, sides of the 
head, and band round the white throat black; under wing-coverts 
white; bill red; feet blackish: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, 
tail 3*5. Female similar, but not quite so bright, and the black 
colour replaced by grey; beneath more brownish grey. 

304: 
TAX WRIDJB. 
Rah. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, Peru, 
Panama, Costa Bica, and Nicaragua. 

a,b. tf 5 ad.sk.

c. S ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk.
e,f. 3 § ad. sk.
g. S ad. sk.
h. ($ ad. sk.
i. 
$ ad. sk.
j. $ ad. sk.
k} I <$ $ ad. sk.
m. <S ad. sk.
n. J ad. sk.
o. $ ad. sk.
p. $ ad. sk.
q, r. 3 £ ad. sk.
s. 2 ad.sk.
t. 
<$ ad. sk.
u. 2 &&• sk.
v. J ad. sk. 
Bartica Grove7 Brit, Guiana 

(Wliitehj). 

 Oamaeusa, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitehf). 
MerameAts., Brit. Guiana 

( Wkitely). 
Cayenne. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Pebas, Peru (Hauxirell). 
Rio Javari, Peru {Baits'}. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador 

(BucMey). 

 Esnieraldas, Ecuador 

(Eraser), 

 Balzar Mts.y Ecuador 
(Illingicorth). 
KieM, 17. S. of Colombia 

(Salmon). 

 Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Santa Fe, Yerair?ia(-4w|, 


 Valza, Co*ta Kiea (Cm-mini), 


 Tucurriqui, Costa Itica 

(Arce). 

 Chuntales, Nicaragua 

(Janson). 

Ecuador, Colombia. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll 

Salvin-Gudinan Coll. 

SeLiter (\ II. 
Sab m4 fyjjmin C ill. 
Salvin-^Todman Cc£L 
Pmrcha*KL 

•Salviii-* iod.nan O II. 
Sclater Cull. 
Salvin-Godman C IL 
Salnn-Giidmitn GJL 
Relator Cull. 
Pfiri*iwi^*'<l. 
Hahiii4fi*i!!ii»iii Cull, 
S*lh Ili-f f OtllH 111 C ill, 
Sal\in-4roilimiZi CtAL 

S*ihin-{ is iditiaa Coll. 
&&lvin-Uodman Cull 

2. Mtylns fnligmosmsl 
Loxia fuliginosa, Baud. Orn. ii. p. 372. 
Pitvlus fuliginosus? Sclater, P. Z. & Id*j6, p. 64; id. Sqn. Ar. Tan. p. 5; 
*&. Cat. A. B. p. 98; Cab. X f O. 1878, p. 245; "iVfe. Or». JJru-r. 

p. 220; Bed. J. f. O. 1873, p. 243 <& Catfaarina); fid. H Sale. 
Nomend. p. 26; 8ah. Cat StrickL CdL p. 2131. 
Coccotliraustes cseruleseens, VieflS. Nmu. Diet, xili. p. *>Ii»; ill. Ene. 
mth. p. 1016. 
Pitylus caerulescens, Cab. Mus. JS&n. L p. 143. 
Friiigilla gnatho, Licht. D&M. p. 22; Max. JBeitr. Hi. p. Sw2. 
Pitylus gnatliOj iJJp. Cmsp. L p. 603. 
Pitylus atrocbaiybeusj Jard. et Sdb. Ill Orn, t. pi. *1 
Tanagra psittaclna, 8pix, Ai\ Bras, ii. p. 44, pL 67. fig. 2. 

» 
Raltator psittaelnusy* JSp. Cmsp. i. p. 4w. 
Pitylus ervthrorhyncnus, Sw. dam, ii. p. 282. 
Sooty Grosbeak, lath. G. H. v. p. 2611. 


Above and below bluish Hack; sides of the bead, throat, mi 
breast black; under wing-coverts white ; bill orange ; feet black: 
whole length 9 inches, wing 4*1, tail 4-4. Female similar, but 
scarcely darker on the throat and breast, and not quite so bright. 

Rah. South-east Brazil. 

59. PITYLtJS. 
305 
a. 3 ad. sk Bahia, Brazil (Wuclierer). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
k d1 ad. sk. Bio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c. d 
ad, sk. Xovo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Lieut Maw [P.l 
f7g, h. Ad. sk Brazil. Sclater Coll 
2. Skeleton. 
Eyton Coll. 
3. Pitylus erytliromelas. 
Loxia erytliromelas. Gnu S. JV. ii. p. 859. 
LueeotliKiiiHtes ervthromelas, YieilL Nouv. Diet xiiL p. 547 ; id. Enc. 
Metk. p. 1017 lid. Gal des Ois. i. p. 70, pi. 59. 
Pitvlus eiTtlirumelas, Sdater. P. Z. S. 1856, p. Q6 ; id. Si/n. Av. Tan. 

p. 3; id. Cat A. B. p. 98; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 18(57, p. 572 
< Lower Amazon.-) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 20; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 213 
(Br. Guiana}. 
Periporphyrus erytliromelas, Bp. Consp. i. p. 503. 

Scarlet; whole bead and throat black; under wing-coverts rosy red; 
hill dark plumbeous; feet brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, 
t'lil *i">» Ft male. Yellowish olive, more yellowish below; head and 
throat black. 

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia. 

n. e? ad. A. South America. Purchased. 
h, J jt*L *k. l)pnierara (Bruwri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*, d. S Z i&*s^- L'amaciwi, British Guiana Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
{ TUdtvhf). 
*. ? ail 4 Iloraima, Brit. Guiana (TF7tiY^). Sclater Coll. 
/. £ ttd. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

y. 9 ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Purchased. 
%, £ ml. hk. 
Capim River, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 
< Wallace). 

4. Pitjlus cateno. 
F»H*rftfe frlffino, Zicht. Preis-Verz. p. 2 (1831); cf Cab. J.f. 0. 

lHt$$ p. 57. 
Pitvlus atro-purpuratus, Lafr. Pev. ZooL 1838, p. 224 (<£). 
Pitylus atro-olivaceus, Lafr. Pev. ZooL 1838, p. 224 ($ ). 
Pyranjfa mwrieana, Less. Pen. ZooL 1839, p. 41. 
Oarvothraustes atro-olivaceus, Bp. Consp. L p. 503. 
IVriporphvrus atro-purpuratus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 503. 
Pitvlus eeteno, Sclater, P.Z.8. 1856, p. 05, 1864, p. 174; id. St/n. 

jiv. Tan. p. 3; id. Cat. A. B. p. 99; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl p. 26 ; 
Stdi\ ei Godm. Bid. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 332, t. xxiv. 

Above black; cervical collar purplish red: below, throat and 
breast black; abdomen purplish red, slightly variegated with black ; 
under wing-coverts rosy red; bill dark plumbeous; feet dark 
brown : whole length 3*4 inches, wing 4*1, tail 3*5. Female. Olive ; 

beneath yellowish; head and throat black. (Lafr.) 
link Sfexico. 
a. d «h .4t. Mexico (Write). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
hi 3 ad. nk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
vor-xu ' x 

306 TANAGKRIDJE. 

5. Pitylus viridis. 
Loxia canadensis, Linn. S. JY*. i. p. 304. 
Pitylus canadensis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 687. 
Coccothraustes viridis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1017. 
Caryothraustes viridis, Cab. Mus. JSein. i. p^ 144 
Caryothraustes cayanensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 514 (partim). 
Pitylus personatus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 42; id. Descr. d. Mamm. 


et Ois. p. 344. 
Canada Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Hisf. v. p. 3S2. 
Pitylus viridis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 65 ; id. Syn. Av. Tan. p. 3 ; 

id. Cat. A. B. p. 99 ; Scl. et Solo. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 572 (Para); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 26; iid. Ev. Orn, p. 167; Sain. Ibis, I860, p. 213. 
Pitylus cayanensis, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 221. 

Above yellowish olive, beneath yellow; lores, line round the eye, 
and throat black; under wing-coverts yellow ; bill dark plumbeous ; 
feet dark grey: whole length 6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2*7. Fatwle 
similar. 

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia. 

a. b. $ Q ad-s^* Bartica Grove, Brit. Guima( WJiitehf). 
Sah in-Godnaan Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Sulvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
( Wliitely). 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Oyapock, Cayenne. 
Para (Wallace). 
S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 
bah in-Godmart Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coil. 
Sclater Coll 

6. Htylus fcrasiliensis. 
Fringilla viridis, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 555. 
Fringilla cayanensis, Licht. Verz. p. 22 (excl syn.). 
Caryothraustes brasilien&is, Cah. Mus. Hein. i~p. 144. 
Pitylus brasiliensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 06; id. Syn. Ai\ Tan 


p. 4: id. Cat. A. B. p. 99; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 221 { Sri. et Sah. 
Nomencl p. 26; iid. Ex. Orn. p. 168; Sah. Cat Stride!. Coll. p. 202. 
Yellowish olive, beneath yellow; front, sides of head, and throat 
black; under wing-coverts yellow; bill dark plumbeous; feet 
brown: whole length 6-6 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*9. Female 
similar. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 
Yexy similar to P. viridis, but rather larger in size, and with 
the front black. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godraan Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bahia. J, Gould, E&q, 
d. Ad. sk. Bahia. Ld. Stuart de Rothesay fP.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 
f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g} h. Ad. sk Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
59. PITTLUS.
7. Pitylns poliogaster. 
Pitylus poliogaster, 
Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiv. pt. ii. p. 105; id. 
Bev. Zool 1848, p. 245; id. Esq. Orn. t. 22: Sclater, B. Z. S.1856, 

p. 168 ; wdf. Nomencl. p. 20; Sato. P. J£ 511867, p. 141 f Veragua); 
id. Ibis, 1872, p. 317 (Nicaragua); Sumichr. Mem. Bost. S. N. II. 
i. 
p. 549 (Vera Cruz) ; Laior. Ann. L. N. Y ix. p. 102 (Costa 
Rica); Sab. et Godm. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. 383. 
Pitylus flavocinereus, Cassin, Br. Acad. Sc. Bhilad. 1848, i. p. 47. 
Caryothraustes episcopus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 504. 

Above yellowish olive, head yellow; lower back cinereous ; sides 
of head and throat black; breast yellow; belly cinereous ; under 
wing-coverts sulphur-yellow; bill dark plumbeous; feet dark grey: 
whole length 6S inches, wing 3-8, tail 3. Female similar. 

Bah, Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Kamkhal, Vera Paz (Salvm). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Yaxcamnal, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras (BlancaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
f.. Ad. sk.
«/, h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
k, L $ 5 ad. sk.
neaux). 
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). 
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). 
Santiago dft Veragua (Arce). 
Santa Fe\ Veragua (Arce). 
Panama (McLeannaii). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
8. Pitylus humeralis. 

Pitylus (Caryothraustes) humeralis, Lawr. Ann. L. JST. Y. viii. p. 467. 
Pitylus humeralis, Set. et Salv. Bx. Orn. p. 167, pi. lxxxiv.; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 26. 

Above yellowish olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with 
olive-green; smaller wing-coverts and bend of wing yellow; cap 
cinereous ; sides of head black; rictal stripe on each side white 
varied with black; throat on each side black, varied more or less 
with white in the middle; abdomen cinereous, flanks olive, crissum 
yellow ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale yellow; bill plumbeous, 
paler beneath; feet dark grey: whole length 6'2 inches, 
wing 3*4, tail 3 8. 

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 

In this very distinct species the bill is rather more compressed 
and slightly more incurved than in P. poliogaster. But that bird is, 
apparently, its nearest ally. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
h Ad sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
c Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater CoU. 
d e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f Ad sk Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
J' 
x 2 

308 
ICTERIDJS. 

Family ICTERIDiE. 

The Ictericlce represent the Starlings (Sturnidas) in the New 

World, from which the latter are altogether excluded. They are 

typical 0seines, and bearing no trace of the outer or tenth primary 

(which has become altogether aborted), must, according to the 

arrangement adopted in this work, be placed in the series of " Frin


gilliformes," or " nine-quilled Passeres/ in which this wing-forma


tion prevails. 

The Ictericlce are generally of a rather large size for typical 
Passeres, some of the larger Cassiques rivalling even the Crows in 
stature, and the majority of them being of considerably greater 
average bulk than the Tanagers. The bill is long, equal to or 
longer than the head, straight or gently curved, more or less conical, 
without any terminal notch, and unprovided with any rictal 
bristles. 

The tarsi are covered in front with divided scutes, behind with 
one undivided plate, as in other typical Oscines. 
The wings are long or of moderate length, and contain 0 primaries 
and 9 secondaries, altogether 18 remiges. 

The tail varies much in length and shape, but is usually long or 
of moderate length; and always contains 12 reetriccs, of which the 
two central are the longest. 

The Ictericlce are as a rule strictly monogamous, and builders of 
elaborate nest-structures. But an extraordinary exception takes plaee 
in some species of the genus Molothrus, in which the polygamous 
and parasitic habits of some of the Cuckoos of the Old World are 
repeated. 

The Ictericlce are strictly confined to the Nearetic and Paliearctic 
Regions, in which they are distributed from the Arctic Circle to 
Patagonia, being most plentiful in Central America and in the northern 
parts of South America. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

A. Nostrils 
naked, exposed: mesorhinium 
more or less expanded into a 
frontal shield I. CAS&ICIWM, p. 509. 
B. 
Nostrils more or less covered with a 
membrane; mesorhinium elevated 
but not expanded. 
a. Culmen straight or nearly so j 
mesorhinium more or less 
flattened. 
a!. Outer secondaries normal II. AGELMIWJE^ p. $30. 

V. Outer secondaries elongated .. III. ST'URWBLLINJB, p."*365 
CAssicmas. 
309 

b. Culmen more or less Incurved; 
mesorhinium rounded. 
c. 
Tarsi short; feet insessorial ; 
tail rounded IV. ICTERINJE, p. 361. 
d'. Tarsi long ; feet gressorial; tail 
generally much graduated .. V. Q TJISOALINM, p. 388. 

Subfamily I. CASSICBOE. 

The naked exposed nostrils and expansion of the mesorhinium 
Into a frontal shield sufficiently characterize this subfamily. 

The Omskinm are mostly of large size, the larger Cassiques being 
among the most bulky of Passerine birds. They are, so far as we 
know their habits, builders of elaborate purse-like nests, which are 
suspended from the branches of lofty trees, and lay spotted eggs. 

The Qassicirue are forest-loving birds, and inhabit the tree-clad 
portions of the New World, from Southern llexico to Paraguay and 
Bolivia; but do not extend into the Patagonian and Antillean Subregion. 


Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Frontal shield much expanded, and much 
elevated at the back. 
a. Bill short and broadened at base; no 
occipital cre&t. 
TVinjrs shorter than tail; bases of 
lowertnaiidlble swollen, homy .. 1. CLYPEICTEKTTS, p. 310. 
Wings longer than tall; lower 

mandible normal 2. OCYALUS, p. 311. 

b. Bill lengthened and compressed; a slight 
occipital crest. 
a*. Frontal shield extending back behind 
the eye 3, ETJCORYSTES, p. 311. 
Vm Frontal shield terminating in front of 
the eye. 
j Base of lower mandible naked., 4. GYMNOSTTNOPS, p. 312. 
| Base of lower mandlhle feathered 5. OSTINOPS, p. 315. 

B. 
Frontal shield slightly expanded and but 
little elevated at tWback, 
c. Neck-feathers normal. 
e'. Posterior end of mesorhiniumrounded; 
slight or no occipital crest. 

j Culmen slightly Incurved 6. CASSICTJS, p. 320. 

f Culmen quite straight 7. AMBLYCEBCTJS, p. 326. 

d*. 
Posterior end of mesorhinium angular; 
a well-developed crest 8. CASSICULTJS, p. 328, 
i, Neck-feathers developed into a frill 0. CA&SIDIX, p. 329. 

310 ICTERID^. 

1. CLYPEICTERUS. 
Type. 
Clypeicterus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 426 (1850) C. oseryi. 

tow '.....>> LiM ! 

Frontal shields of Cassiques.—1. Clypeictems oseryi; 2. Ocyalus latirostris; 

3. Eucorysfes wagleri. 
This remarkable monotypic form is confined to Upper Amazonia. 
It is at once distinguishable by the enormous development of its 
frontal shield, and the swollen horny bases of the lower mandible. 
The bill is short and wide at the base. 

1. Clypeictems oseryi. 
Cassicus oseryi, Devifl-e, Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 57; DesMurs, Voy. de 
Casteln., Ois. p. 66, t. 18. fig. 3; Casein, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1807, 

p. 72. 
Clypeictems oseryi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 426; Scl. et Salo. P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 755, 1873, p. 265j iid. Nomencl p. 35 j Scl. Ibis, 1883, p. 146; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 402. 
Above chestnut; wings black, coverts and secondaries edged with 
chestnut; tail yellow, four middle rectrices and outer webs of the 
external pair brownish olive: beneath greenish yellow, more ashy 
on the throat; belly, flanks, and crissum dark chestnut; bill 
greenish white, passing into horn-colour at the apex; feet black: 
whole length 14*5 inches, wing 8*5, tail 5'5. Female similar but 
much smaller : whole length 11 inches, wing 6, tail 4*3. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 

2 . OCTAITJS.—3. EUCOKYSTES. 311 
a. 
b. 
3 jr. sk. 
? ad. sk. 
Charnicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett).
Charnicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett). 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
cT ad sk. 
2 jr. sk. 
<$ ad. sk. 
Huallaga, E. Peru (Bartlett).
Pebas, E. Peru (Ham well).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 2 ad. sk. 
9-? ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Andoas, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. OCYALTJS. T 
Ocyalus, Waterhouse, P. Z. S. 18£0, p. 183 0. latirostris. 
This is another monotypic form, likewise peculiar to the forests of 
Upper Amazonia, and remarkable for its long wings, of which the 
outer primaries are much attenuated towards the tips. 

1. Ocyalus latirostris. 
Cassicus latirostris, Sw. An. in Menaq. p. 858; Cassin, Br. Ac. 8c. 

Phil 1867, p. 71. 
Ocyalus popayanus, Waterh. P. Z. S. 1840, p. 183. 
Ocyalus latirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 427; Scl. Cat. A.B. p. 127; id. 

ihzs, 1883, p. 34G; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 402 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
I860, p. 182, 1807, p. 749,1873, p. 265; iid. Nomencl p. 35. 

Above and below velvety black; wings externally shining black ; 
whole head above and upper back dark brownish chestnut; tail 
shining black, the four lateral rectrices golden yellow, broadly 
tipped with black; bill plumbeous; feet black: whole length 12 
inches, wing 9*2, tail 5. Female similar, but smaller: whole 
length 9*2 inches, wing 6, tail 3*8. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Popayan, Colombia (?). J. Gould, Esq. 
(Type of the species.) 
" " Yquitos, Peru. Ii. Whitely [0.]. 

b. (51 ad. sk. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Yquitoa, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
e. <$ 2 a^* s^' Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
i 
i 
g.$2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
tf ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll 

S ad. sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i 
i 
i. (Bartlett). 
2 ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bartlett). Sclater Coll 
<$ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-G odman Coll. 

3. EUCORYSTES. Type > 
Eucorystes, Sclater, Ibis, 1883, p. 147 E. wagleri. 
This form is easily distinguishable from Ocyalus, with which it 
has been usually united, by the much shorter wings, and the totally 
different shape of the bill and frontal shield. The bill is much 
produced and compressed towards the apex: the frontal shield is 
enormously developed, covering the whole front of the head up to the 
vertex. 

312 
ICTEEIDJB. 

Eucorystes extends from Southern Mexico through Central 
America to Colombia and Ecuador* 


1. Eucorystes wagleri. 
iid. NomeneL p. 85; Salv. Ibisi 1861, p. 141, 1*72, p. 

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 142,1870, p. 190; Cab. J.f. 0. lfctil, p.O; Sumichrast, 
Mem. Boston S. K J2". i. p. 553 (Yefa Cruz), 
Eucorystes wagleri, ScL Ibis, 1883, p. 147. 


Above and below smoky brown with a chestnut tinge; intersea


pulium, wings externally, middle of belly, and under -wing-coverts 

bronzy black ; tail yellow, outer web of the outer rectrix and whole 

of middle pair of rectrices blackish ; bill whitish grey; feet black ; 

a thin occipital crest coloured like the head : whole length 14 inches, 

wing 8, tail 5. Female similar, but smaller; whole length 10**5 

inches, wing 5*6, tail 4. 

Bab. South Mexico and Central America down to Panama; also 

Western Ecuador and Northern Colombia. 

a, b. S 2 ad, st. Coban, Guatemala* Purchase!, 

c. <$ ad. sk. Coban, Guatemala. K. Wilson, K«q. [P/L 
dj e. 
$ $ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz Salvin-Godiuau Coll. 
(SaMn). 


f. <$ ad. sk. 
Guatemala (Skinner). Sclater Coll. 
g. $ 
ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
(Belt), 
h 
i< d 2 ad. sk. Tuciirriqui, Costa Eica Salvin-Godman CoD. 
(Arce). 


j. J ad. sk. Santa "F6, Yeragua (Aree). Salvin-Godman ColL 
k. (S ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arei). 8alrin-Godman ColL 
I, m. S 2 ad. sk. CkhiquL Capt Kellett k Lt 
Wood [C.I. 
n, o. S 2 ad. sk. Lion Hill, ML of Panama Salvm-Godinan ColL 
(McZeannari). 

p. 
$ ad. sk. Balzar Mis., Ecuador Salvin-Godman ColL 
(IHingworfK). 
g^r. $ 2 
ad. sk. Pocune, AntioquIa,TJ.S.C. Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Salmon). 

s. 
6 ad. sk. Piura, N.W. coast of S. Capt. Kellett & Lt. 
America. wood [C] , 
4. OTOTOSTIHOPS*, 
gen. nov. 
The naked space at the base of the mandible is such a trenchant 
character that I have felt compelled to separate the four species that 
possess it from their fellows. Gymnostimjps thus embraces the four 
largest and finest species of the Cassiques, and ranges from Southern 
Mexico down to Amazonia. 

* Gymnostinwps, gen. nov., from yvpvos naked, 6<xrei%m bony, md thj/face. 
4 . GIM:STOSTI:STOPS. 313 
AH. Crown black. 
a. Belly chestnut: 
) thighs MackI thighs chestnut6. Belly black 
Crown greenKe 
y to the Species. 
..... . 1. montezumc?, p. 313. 
2. Ufasciaitis, p. 313. 
3. guatimozinus, p. 314, 
4. yuracarkmi, p. 314. 

1. (jymnostinops moutezumaa. 
Cacieus montezurna, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 33, pi. 7; Sclater, P.Z. 8. 

1850, p. 300, et 1859, pp. 57, 305 ; &?/. et Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 19. 
Casficus montezumse, Cteas. PA Ac. SC. Phil. 1807, p. 71. 
Ototinops montezumse, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 380; id. Ibis, 1883, 

p. 148; Cfcsaa, Pr. .4c. &?. PM.1800, p. 139 ; /SH Cfc*. .4. P. p. 128; 
Sumiekrasf, Mem. Boston Soc. $T. J?, vol. i. p. 553 (Vera Cruz); 
ScL et Sale. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 353, 1807, p. 279, 1870, p. 830; 
iid. Xomewi. p. 35; Said. Ibis, 1865, p. 195. 
Oatinops hifatciata, Cab. Mus. Hein. L p. 187 (partim). 

Above dark chestnut, head Hack; below, throat black, passing 
gradually into the dark chestnut abdomen • thighs and under wing-
coverts black ; tail yellow, two middle rectrices blackish ; bill black, 
tip and naked space at the base of the lower mandible yellow; feet 
Mack: whole length 19 inches, wing 10*3, tail 8. Female similar, 
but smaller: whole length 12-5 inches, wing 7'8, tail 6. 
Maih S. Mexico, and Central America down to Panama. 

a. r? ad. St. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
b. 
ad. St. Mexico. J. Philips, Esq. [P.]. 
c. d.s d 2 ad .sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca) Sclater Coll. 
e. 
rf ad. 8k-Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. Chisec, Guatemala (Salvin), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. ? 
9-6 ad. sk. British Honduras (Blanco- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
neaux). 

A. tf ad. sk. Costa B.ica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. < ad. sk. Lion Bill, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J? 

Panama (McLeannari). 

2. (xymnostinops bifasciatns. 
Cafifflcus bifasciatns, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 05, t. 61; Cassin, Pr. Ac. 

8c. PML 1867, p. 70. 
Psarocolius bifasciatns, Wagl Syst Av. sp. 2. 
Ostinops bifasciatns, Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil 1800, p. 139; Scl 

Ibis, 1883, p. 149; Scl. et Sah. Nomend. p. 35; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 192. 
Like 0. montezum.ee, hut distinguishable by its pale chestnut 

thighs and crissum. 
Bah. Lower Amazonia. 
This Cassique has been united by Dr. Cabanis and other writers 

to <?. montezuma?; but Mr. Cassin has shown that the two birds are 
quite dMiaact, though nearly allied. 
i am not aware of the existence of any specimens of G. bifasciatuis 

314 
ICTEKID-E. 

in Europe, except the type in the Hunieh lluseum (if that still 
exists) and batterer's single example at Vienna. It is certainly a 
very rare species. 

3. Gymnostiaops guatiniozinm 
Ostinops guatimozinus, Bp. C. P. xxxviL p. 833; id. Soies s. L Coll. 
Delattre, p. 10 (1853); Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. I860, p. 133; 
Scl et Solo. Nomencl p. 35; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 5<te; Scl Ibis, 
1883, p. 149. 

Cassicus guatimozinus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 18G7, p. 71. 

Deep black; upper wing-coverts, lower half of hack, and crissum 
dark chestnut; tail yellow, two middle reetrices black; bill black, 
with the apex orange, and naked base flesh-colour; feet black: 
whole length 18*5 inches, wing 8-6, tail 7. Female similar, but 
smaller : whole length 15-5 inches, wing 8, tail 0*4. 

Hah. Northern Colombia. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Kemedios, Antioquia Sclater ColL 
(Salmon). 
b, c. 
c5" $ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia Salwn-Godman Cull. 
(Salmon). 

4. Grymnostinops ynracarram. 
Cassicus yuracares, d'Orb. ef Lafr. Sijn. Av. it p. 2; cTOt'b. Toy., 

Ois. p. 365, pi. 51. fig. 1; Bp. Comp. i. p. 427. 
Cassicus yuracarium, Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. PML 1867, p. 00. 
Ostinops yuxacarium, Sclater, Cat. A. B. p. 1*26; uL Ibis, 188% 

p, 150; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 192; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. l^Ui, p. 1&>, 
1873, pp. 185, 265, 1879, p. 608; iid. NomencL p. 35; Tttcz. Orn. 
P&r. ii. p. 403. 

Cassicus devillii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 427; De$ Murs, Voy, Casteln., Ois. 

p. 67, pL 19. %.!(?). 
Ostinops devillh; Sclater, Cat A. B. p. 128. 
Bright yellowish olive-green; whole of lower ba-ck, wings externally, 
lower part of belly, thighs, and crissum dark chestnut; 
tail bright yellow, two middle tail-feathers brownish green; bill 
black, point yellow; naked skin at base of lower mandible fleshcolour 
: whole length 18 inches, wing 10, tail 7. Female similar 
but smaller: whole length 13-5 inches, wing 8-5, tail 6'5. 

Hab. Boh via, Matogrosso (Brazil), Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [O.]. 
b. tf ad. sk. Eng. 
do Gama; Matogrosso SaMn-Grodraan Coll. 
(Natterer). 
c,d. $ $ ad. sk Sarayacu, Ecuader (Buckley). Salvin-Godman ColL 

e. $ ad. sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.1 
/ . $ jr. sk. Barra (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
g, A. 6 S ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater ColL 
i. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godxnan Coll. 
5 . OSTIXOPS. 
315 
5. OSTBTOPS. 
-TA Type. 
Prturocolius, TTagl Syst. Av. (1827), partim. 
Ostinops, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 187 (1851) 0. decuniatms. 

The typical Osihwpes, which, have the base of the lower mandible 
feathered, are merely larger and stronger forms of Cassicus. They 
range from Panama to the extreme south of the South-American 
forests in Brazil and Bolivia. 

Ostinops decumanus, the "Jajm" of the Brazilians, builds, in 
colonies, its purse-like nest suspended from the branches of trees 
over water, and lavs two eggs, white, with pale violet-red markings. 
(Cf. ^ied, Beitr. iii. p. 1228.) 

Key to the Species. 
A, Body Mack 1. decumanus, p. 315. 

B. Bxly green. , « • t 
a. Frontal shield much expanded 2. viridis, p. 316. 
b. Frontal shield narrower. 
a'. Bill yellow. 
a". Four middle roc trices green 3. atrovirens, p. 317. 
b". Two middle rectrices and inner webs 

of next pair green. 
fBelly Maekibk olive; thighs 
I black , 4. salmonij p. 317. 
{ Belly and thighs greenish chest| 
nut 5. alfredi, p. 318. 
{ Belly and thighs yellowish olive 6. smcipitalis, p. 318. 

b\ Bill plumbeous, tip white 7. oleagineus, p. 319. 
c*. Bill blackish 8. angustifroiis, p. 319. 

1. Ostinops decumanus. 
Xantkomus decumanus, Pall Spic. Zool. fasc. vi. p. 1 (1769). 
Cassique hupp<§ de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl 344. 
Oriolus citrius, Mull. Katursyst. Suppl p. 87 (1776). 
Oriolus cristatus, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl p. 21 (1783); Gm. S. iVr. 


i. p. 387. 
Cassicus cristatus, Vieill Nouv. Diet. v. p. 302; id. Enc. Meth. ii. 
p. 721; Sw. Birds Brazil, pi. 32; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1220; Tsch. 
Faun. Per. p. 232; Bp. Consp. i. p. 427; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. 
iii. p. 680 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii p. 275. 
Psarocolius cristatus, Wagl Syst. Av. sp. 3. 
Ostinops cristatus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 187; Scl P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153, 
1858, p. 455; id. Cat. A. B. p. 127; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1800, 
p. 138; Meinh. Fuglef. Bras. Camp. p. 211; Scl et Salo. P.Z.S. 
1864, p. 354, I860, p. 182, 1867, pp. 750, 978, 1873, p. 265,1879, 
p. 608; iid. Nommel p. 35; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 83; Sah. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 190; Mnsch, P.Z.S. 1870, p. 578; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 

p. 328; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101. 
Ostinops decumanus, 
Sah. et Godman, Ibis, 1879, p. 200; Scl Ibis, 
1883, p. 151; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 404; Scl et Sah. P. Z. S.1879, 

p. 508; Salr. Ibis, 1885, p. 217 (Brit. Guian.). 
Cassicus citreus, Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 68. 
316 
ICT2JKIDJE. 

Black; rump and crissum dark chestnut; tail yellow, two middle 

rectrices black; bill white; feet black: whole length 16-5 inches, 

wing 8-5, tail 7. Female similar, bat smaller: whole length 13 

inches, wing 7, tail 6. 

Ectb. Chiriqui, Panama, and all South America down to Southern 

Brazil and Bolivia. 

a, b. S 2 ad. sk. 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Palvin-C-rorlman Coll. 

Lion Hill, Ibtkm. of Panama 

Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
Chepo, Isthm. of Panama 

c. <$ acl. sk. (3fcLeamian). 
d. $ 
ad. sk. (Aree). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Near A ttanques, Santa Maria, 
e. J ad. sk. U. S. C. {Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f,g. 6 2 ad.sk. Bogota. Sclater ColL 
h, I S S ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. 0. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman ColL 
J, k. 6 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godmtai Cull. 

I. 6 ad. sk. 
Pebas, Peru (JEatixivell). Salvin-Godman C* *IL 
m. $ ad. sk. 
Sta. Cruz, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater ColL 
n, o. 6 $ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Buckley). 


p. 6 ad. sk. 
Barra do Kio Xegro, Brazil Salvin-Gudman Cull. 
(Xatterer). 
q, r. 6 5 ad. sk. British Guiana. Chov.Schombiirtrk T\ 
s,t 6 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Biit. Guiana Sah in-Gudman Cull. 


(WMtely). 

u. 2 ad. sk. 
Tobago. Dr. \V. F. Brehaf 1 \ 
v. 6 ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Witcherer). Salviii-GiMlmaii ColL 
w. 2 ad. sk. 
Ypanema, S.Brazil(.^tf fcrer). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
x. 6 ad. sk. 
Brazil. Mrs. Graham ~ JL\j. 
y. 6 ad. sk. 
Purchased. 
2. Ostinops vMdis, 
Cassique vert de Cayenne, Daub. PL JBni. 323. 
Oriolus viridis, Mult Natursyst. SuppL p. 87 ; Bodd. Table d. PL Enl 


p. 20. 
Oriolus cristatus, var., Gm. S. W. i. p. 387. 
Cassicus viridis, Vieill Erie. Ileth. ii. p. 723; Cab. in Sckomh. Oman. 
iii. p. 680; Bp. Consp. i. p. 427 ; Cass. Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1807, p. m, 
Ostinops viridis, Cab. Mm. Eein. L p. 187; Set et Sale. P. Z. S, 
1867, pp. 573, 750,1873, p. 265; nd. WommcL p. 35; Zauard, IhX 
1873, p. 381; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 128; id. Mis, 1883, p. 151; Tacz. 
Orn. PSr. ii. p. 405; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 192 j Salv. 2hu9 lS3of p. 217 
(Brit. Guian.). 

Psarocolius viridis, Way!. Syst. Av. sp. 1. 

Olive-green; lower back, lower part of belly, thighs, and crissum 
dark chestnut; tail yellow, two middle rectrices blackish olive; bill 
yellow; feet black: whole length 17 inches, wing 10*3, tail 7*& 
Female similar, but smaller: whole length 13*5 inches, wing T-U, 
tail 5*5. 

Bob. British Guiana, Upper and Lower Amazonia, and Eastern 
Ecuador. 

O. OSTIXOPS. 317 
«. J ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
&><?- dSad.s k Bartica Grove, Brit Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
«-5 a& sk.
(Whitely). 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Wkitety). 
e. d ad. sk.
/ . c? ad. sk.
#. c? ad. sk. 
Roraima,Brit.Guiana('n^«^y). 
Para,LowerAinazons(TF^te). 
Maranham (Wendehom). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk.
i. Q &&• sk. 
Barra, Bio Negro (Natterer). 
Xeberos, Peruvian Amazons 
Selater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
,/• 2 ad. sk. Saravacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. 2 ad, st. Bogota (*). Purchased. 
3. Gstraops atrovirens. 

Cas-icus atrovirens, ^Or&. e£ Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p, 1; cVOrb. Voy., Ois. 
)X 306, pi. 51. fig. 2; I?p. Con^p. i. p. 427 ; Cta. iV. Ac. Sc. Phil. 

i*ur, p. <a 
Ostinupd atrovirens, &/. ^ Salv. P.Z. S. I860, p. 598,1876, p. 16, 
1^7U? p. (XH ; iirl. Komenel. p. 35 (partim); CfczS. Journ. f. 0. 1873, 

p. W; ticl. Ibis, 1883, p. 152 j Taos. Ora. P&\ ii. p. 406. 
Olive-green, rump and crissum "brownish; front more or less 
yellow ; tail yellow, outer pair of rectrices, together with the outer 
webs of the next pair, and the whole of the two middle pairs olivegreiiu 
; other rectrices more or less tipped with olive-green; bill 
yellow ; feet black: whole length 14*3 inches, wing 8*4, tail 6-5. 
Female similar, but smaller. 
JIab. Bolivia and Southern Pern. 
The five specimens of this species before me, three from Bolivia 
and two from Pern, agree generally in the characters above given ; 
but in one of the Peruvian specimens the third and fourth pair of 
rectrices have no green at the tips. In all cases, however, the 
wholly olive-green colour of the four middle tail-feathers (as pointed 
out by Br. Cabanis) seems to discriminate 0. atrovirens from the 
four nearly allied species which follow. 

a, b* (S $ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. c? ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 9 ad.sk. Iluiro, S. Peru (Whitehj). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. § ad. sk. Huiio, S. Peru (Whitely). Selater Coll. 
4. Ostinops salmon! 
Ostinops atrocastaneus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 509. 
Ostinops salmoni, Scl Ibis} 1883, p. 153, pi. vi. 

Abcrve brownish chestnut, darker on the back of the head and 
more fulvous on the rump; front yellow; wings externally blackish : 
beneath dark blackish olive, flanks and crissum washed with fulvous 
; thighs and under wing-coverts black; tail yellow, the outer 
pair of rectrices and the outer webs of the next pair olive-green, 
the middle pair and the inner webs of the pair next to the middle 

318 ICIERIDJS. 

pair black; bill yellow; feet black: whole length 18*5 inches, 

wing 9-5, tail 8*5. Female similar, but smaller. 

Hub. State of Antioquia, Colombia. 

In our Catalogue of Mr. Salmon's collections from Antioquia, Mr. 

Salvin and I united this form to 0, atroeastaneus; but on reexami


nation of the fine series of these birds now before me, I find that 

the Antioquian bird may be easily distinguished by the much darker 

hues of its lower surface. The whole breast and abdomen are of a 

dark olive, with a slight tinge of the chestnut-brown only on the 

flanks ; and the thighs are almost black. In 0. atroeastaneus the 

whole under surface is of a rich uniform chestnut-brown, and the 

thighs are but slightly darker. 

a. S ad. sk. Concordia, Antioqida (Salmon). SclaterColl. 
b. 2 acL sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.} 
c. $ ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Jad.sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Ostinops alfredi. 
Cassicus alfredi, DesMurs, Voy. Cast., Ois. p. 67, t. xix. tig. 2 

(1865) (?). 

Ostinops alfredi, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 4**7. 

Cassicus atrovhvns, Txch. Faun. Per., Aves% p. 230. 

Ostinops atrovirens, Scl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 140, I860, p.88 ( Ecuador); 

Scl. et Sale. P.Z.S. 1860, p. 182 (Ucayali), 1873, p. 266 (Amazons). 
Ostinops atroeastaneus, Cab. Journ. f. O. 1873, p. 309; Scl. Ibis, 
1883, p. 153. 

Above dark brownish olive; wings blackish, edged with olive; 
rump fulvous; front yellow: beneath dark brownish olive, throat 
paler, crissum fulvous; tail yellow, outer pair of rectrices, outer 
webs of next pair, central pair, and inner webs of pair next to central 
pair olive ; bill yellow; feet black: whole length 16 inches, wing 
8-5, tail 8. Female similar, but smaller. 

Hab. Ecuador and Upper Amazonia. 

The colouring of the tail, although generally as above described, 
varies in some specimens. In one of Buckley's skins from Ecuador 
the black extends partially over the inner webs of the second median 
pair and over the outer webs of the third and fourth external pair. 

a. S ad. sk. Quito. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. J ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. S ad. sk. San Jose, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. E. Peru. Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. E. Peru (Tschudi). Sclater Coll. 
6. Ostinops sincipitaJis. 
Ostinops sincipitalis, Cab. Journ. f. O. 1873, p. 309; Scl. Ibis, 1883, 
p. 154. 
Cassicus alfredi, Cass. Pi\ Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 69 (nee DesMurs), 
O. OSTIKOPS. 
319 
Above dark olive, more or less stained with chestnut-rufous; 
rump fulvous; front yellow: below dark olive, yellowish on the 
throat, and stained with chestnut-rufous on the flanks; crissum 
fulvous ; tail yellow, outer pair of rectrices, tips of next pair, middle 
pair, and inner webs of pair next to middle olive ; bill yellow ; feet 
black: whole length 16 inches, wing 10, tail 8. Female similar but 
smaller. 

Hah. Colombia. 

This is the only form of the present group of Ostinops that I have 
seen from Bogota, except 0. angustifrons. Eive examples are now 
before me; they are easily recognizable by the uniform yellowish 
olive of the whole under surface, but in other respects hardly differ 
from the two preceding forms. 

a. J ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
hie. 
c. 
3 
$ ad. sk.; 
ad. sk. 
d. 2 ad. sk. Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

7. Ostinops oleagineus. 
Ostinops atrovirens, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 128 (ex. a). 
Oatinops oleagineus, Scl. Ibis, 1883, p. 154, pi. vii. 

Above and beneath olive-green, stained with fulvous on the back, 
rump, and crissum ; wings blackish, edged with olive; tail yellow, 
with the two outer pairs of rectrices and the middle pair wholly 
olive, the pair next to the middle olive on their inner webs, and the 
remaining pairs tipped with olive; bill plumbeous, growing white 
at the tip ; feet black: whole length 17*5 inches, wing 9*3, tail 7*6. 

Hah. Venezuela. 

Under the name oleagineus I have found it necessary to separate 
a single specimen that has been in my collection since 1857, and 
was referred doubtfully to 0. atrovirens in my American Catalogue. 
Its generally olive-green colour, which extends specially 
over the outer margins of the wings, renders it easily distinguishable 
from the three preceding forms; besides which it has a plumbeous 
bill (passing into white in the apical portion) and no yellow 
on the front. The yellow front, however, is occasionally wanting 
in 0. atrovirens. 0. oleagineus has a slight pendent crest on the 
vertex, like 0. atrocastaneus and others of the group. 

a. S 
ad- sk. Venezuela [Verreaux). Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
8. Ostinops angustifrons. 
Cassicus angustifrons, Spiv, Ac. Bras. i. p. 66, pi. 62 j Bp. Consp. i. 
p 427 ; Cass. Br. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1867, p. 70. 
Ostinops angustifrons, Scl Cat. A.B. p. 128 ; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 155 ; 
Scl et Salv P. Z. S. 1866, p. 182, et 1873, p. 265; iid. Nomencl. 

p. 35; Cab. J.f.O. 1873, p. 308; Tacz: Orn. Per. ii. p. 410. 
Above deep olive-brown, more greenish on the 
head, and passing 

ICTERID-3E. 

320 

into fulvous on the rump ; wings blackish, wing-coverts and secondaries 
edged with olive-brown; below not quite so dark, greener on 
the throat, and fulvous on the crissum; tail yellow, the middle 
pair of rectrices, the outer webs of the pair next to the middle pair, 
and the tips of the lateral rectrices blackish olive; bill dark plumbeous 
; feet black: whole length 17*5 inches, wing 9, tail 7*7. 
Female similar but smaller: whole length 14 inches, wing 7*£, 
tail 6-2. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia and Colombia. 

The uniform dark bill of this Cassique renders it easily distinguishable. 
a, k <$ ? ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru (WMtehj). Sclater Coll. 

c. $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll 
(BartleU). 
d, e. c? ? ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 


f. 
$ ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Bartlett). 
g. § ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Upper Amazons E. Bartlett [C.]. 
{Bartlett). 
h, i. <$ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley)* Salvin-Godman Coll. 

j. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater ColL 
6. CASSICUS. T 
Cacicus, Cuv. Leqons $An. Comp. tab. 2 (1800) ... . Xo type *riven. 
Cassicus, III. Prodr. p. 214 (1811) C. hseraorrhous. 

Brisson originally spelt this term " Gassicus7J * (no doubt from 
cassis, a helmet); but Cuvier, and Daudin after him, used " Caeicu&" 
I think, however, we are justified in reverting to " Cassicus n (as a 
more correct form), under which name the genus was first properly 
characterized by Illiger, and as the term which most authors have 
employed. 

The typical Cassiques form a group of about nine species of medium 
size, with the frontal shield well developed, but not to the 
extent met with in the preceding genera. The prevailing colours 
are black, varied by patches of scarlet or yellow. 

Like their larger brethren these Cassiques nest in society, and 
suspend their purse-like nests from the branches of tail trees, generally 
over the water. The eggs are white or blue, spotted with 
violet or reddish (cf. Wied, Beitr. iii. pp. 1234, 1239). 

Range. From Nicaragua southwards to Paraguay and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Black: rump yellow. 
a. Crissum yellow: 
i basal half of rectrices yellow 1, persicu®, p. 321. 
I basal third of rectrices yellow 2. Jtavierissus, p. 322. 
* On. ii. pp. 98, 100, but not used as a generic term, the two birds called 
:e Cassicus" being embraced in his genus "Icterus" 

6. 
CASSICTJS. 321 
& Crissum Hack. 
«'. "VVings wholly black 3. chrysonotus, p. 322. 
b'. Wings with yellow on the coverts. 

j Larger: whole hinder back yellow. 4. leucorhaynphus, p. 323. 
j Smaller: bar across rump yellow. 5. albirostris, p, 323. 

B. Black: rump red. 
c 
Whole hinder back red. 
j General colour dull black 6. Iicemorrhow, p. 324. 
) General colour glossy black 7. affinis, p. 325. 

d. 
Large blotch on the hinder back red. 
J Larger: biU stronger 8. uropygialis, p. 325. 
| Smaller: "bill feebler* 9. microrhynchus, p. 325. 
1. Cassicus persicus. 
Cassicus Ititeusj Briss. Orn. ii. p. 100, pi. ix. fig. 1. 
Grioius persicus, Linn. S. K. i. p. 101. 
Cacicu^ persicus, Baud. Orn. ii. p. 327. 
Cassicus peisicu^ Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1234; Cab. in Sehomb. Guian. iii. 


p. 681; Taifh,\ Ibis, 1804, p. 84; Scl Cat A. B. p. 128 ; id. Bis, 
18*3, p. 157 ; ikl et Sah. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 182,1873, p. 206, 1879, 
p. 00 •*; ikl. XomencL p. 35; Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 6o; 
Prhi'hi, Orn. Bras. p. 193; Bayard, Ibis, 1873, p. 381; Forbes, 
Ihk, 1^1, p. 338: Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 411; Sah. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 217 (Brit. Guian.). 
Cassicus icteronotus, VieilL Nouv. Diet. v. p. 305; id. Enc. Meth. 
p. 724; Tbch. Faun. Per. p. 228; Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 186; Bp. 
Grn&p. I. p. 428 ; 8w, Birds of Brazil, pi. 3. 
Pbarocoliu* ieteronoius, Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 5. 
Cacieus icteronotus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 455. 


Glossy Mack; large blotch on the wing-coverts, hinder back, 
crissum, and basal half of tail bright yellow; bill white; feet 
Mack: w hole length 11 inches, wing 6, tail 4*3. Female similar, but 
smaller and not so glossy: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 3*6. 

Hah. South America, from Colombia down to South Brazil and 
Bolivia. 


a. $ 
ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. (S ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
c,d. Bartica Grove, Brit Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<$ 2 a<^* s^*
(WJiitely). 


 $ 2 a $. 6-fc

e,f.. British Guiana. Chev.Schomburgk[C.J. 
g, 3 ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. 
$ ad. sk. Para, Lower Am&zom (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lace). 
£ <5 ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Amazons (Wallace). 

j. 3 ad. sk. Amazons ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
kfl 6 2 *& s&* Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
m9 n. S ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o. 2 a2. sk. Napiri, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 2 &&-s&* Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
q, r, $ ad.sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a<*-sk


8, t. <$ 2 Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
tt. 3 ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

v. 
3 ad. sk. South America. J. Murray, Esq. [P.], 
VOL. XI. * 
322 
ICTEBIB^E. 

2. Cassicus flavicrissns. 
Cassiculusflavlcrissus,Selater, P. Z. S. I860, p. 276; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 129; Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1887, p. 07. 
Oacicus persicus, Sel et Salv. P. Z. S. It647 p. 358. 
Cassicus vitellinus, Law. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 18(34, p. 107; Cass. Pn 
Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. m. 
Cassicus flavicrissus, Sel. Ibis, 1883, p. 158; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, 

p. 322 j id. Orn. Per. ii p. 411; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1^79, p. 500: 
iid. Nomend. p. 35; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 32% et 1872, p. 465; 
Perl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 552. 
Glossy black; large blotch, on the win g-eo verts, hinder back, 
crissum, and basal third of rectrices bright orange-yellow; bill 
white; feet black: whole length 11-5 Inches, wing «*7, tail 4*5. 
Female similar, but duller black and smaller: whole length 0 inches, 
wiDg 5-3, tail 2-5. 

Hab. Panama, Western Ecuador, and Northern Colombia. 

Mr. Lawrence has very accurately stated the differences which 
distinguish this northern bird from Cassicus jierskm. An examination 
of the tail at once serves to separate the two species. In 
the present bird the yellow of the rectrices hardly extends beyond 
the coverts, either above or below; In C. persieus the yellow colour 
reaches far beyond the coverts on both surfaces, especially In the 
external tail-feathers, and is readily discernible below, without 
lifting up the feathers of the crissum. The yellow of the body has 
also a more orange tinge. 

a, b. <$ $ a<L sk. Lion Hill, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeamian). 

c. 2 ad. sk. Panama (Boueard). Selater C\M. 
d}e. ($2 ad. sk. Babakoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Selater Coll. (Types of 
Cassiculus Jlamermu% Selater.) 
/. J ad. sk. Western Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. c? ad. sk. Guyaquil. 
Gould Collection. 
h. S ad. sk. Magdalena Valley (Wyatt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j< <S 2 ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Sal- Selater Coll. 
mon). 
h,h 
3 $ ad. sk. Kemedios, Antioqxria (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mon). 

3. Cassicus chrysoiiotm 
Cassicus chrysonotus, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Ac. ii. p. S ; cTOrb. Voytf 
Ois. p. 367, t. lii. %. 1; Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. PML 1807, p. 67; Set 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 781; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 159 j Sel. et Sak P. Z. S. 

1879, p. 608; Tacz. Orn. Per. Ii. p. 412. 
Cassiculus chrysonotus, Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 428. 


Black; rump yellow; bill white; feet black: whole length 13 
inches, wing 6*3, tail 5mS. Female similar, but smaller: whole 
length 9 inches, wing 5*1, tail 4*9. 

Eab. Bolivia and Southern Peru. 

This is a most distinct and unmistakable species, without any 
yellow on the wings or tail. Cassln was not acquainted with it, and 
consequently cast unnecessary doubts on its validity. 

6. CASSICUS. 323 
a. cJ ad. sli.
b. $ ad. sk.
e. <? ad. sk.
d. Jr. sk. 
Huasanrpiila, S. Peru (WJiitely 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia{Buckley), 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia(Buckley), 
Ramosani, Bolivia (Buckley).
). Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

4. 
Gassicus leucorhamplms. 
43, p. 404. 
P. Z. S. 
} p. ooz ; ?tf. Cat. A. B. p. 
Ca&icus leucorliampkus, Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 67; ScL Ibis, 
lfc&3, p. 159; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 509; iid. Nomencl 

p. 30 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 17 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 413. 
Glossy Mack; patch on the wing-coverts and rump bright yellow ; 
hill plumbeous, growing white at the tip ; feet black: whole length 
11 inches, wing 0*4, tail 5*4. Female. Similar, but smaller and 
not so bright: whole length 9 inches, wing 5, tail 4*8. 
Ilab. Colombia and Western Ecuador. 
This is also a distinct species, fully entitled to rank as a typical 
member of the genus, although the bill is straighter and less developed 
than in C. persicus and O. hcemorrhous and its allies. It is 
not uncommon in " Bogota" collections, and is also met with in 
those from £t Quito." 

a, k cJ 2 ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

c. J ad. sk.; d. Jr. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. PL Bogota. 
Gould Coll. 
/. 
(S ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mon). 

g. $ ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
iucasj

a^* s^*

h, i. $ 2 ^an Ecuador Salvin-Godman ColL 

(Buckley). 

j. § ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater ColL 
5. Gassicus albirostris. 
Yapu negro y amarillo, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 269. 

Gassicus albirostris, Vieill Nouv. Bid. v. p. 364; id. Bnc. Mith. ii. 
p 722; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. hi. p. 681; Cass. Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 
1867, p. m • Burm. 8yst. Ueb. iii. p. 272; Scl Ibis, 1883, p. 159; 
ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. 36. 

Xanthonras chrysopterus, Vig. Zool Journ. ii. p. 190, pi. 9 • Jard. et 
Selk 111 Orn. pi. 80. 
Cassiculus albirostris, Bp. Consp. L p. 428; Scl Cat A. B. p. 129; 

Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 193. 
Archiplanus albirostris, Cab. Mus. Mem. i. p. 186. 
Japus dubius, Merrm, Ersch y. Gruber's Em. xv. p. 279. 

Black; patch on the lesser wing-coverts and bar across the rump 
yellow; bill white; feet black: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4, 
tail 3*7. Female similar, but smaller. 

Eah* Paraguay and South Brazil. 
T 2 

324 
ICTEBIDJE, 

This species has much shorter wings than the last.^ which it so 
nearly resembles in colour, and is altogether feebler in structure. 
Br. Cabanis has accordingly separated it genetically imder the title 

ArcTiiplcmus. 
a,b. $9 ad.sk. Sao Paulo. Brazil (Joyner), Salvin-Godman Cull. 
c. Ad. *k. Rio OlaroJ Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Col*. 
{Joyner). 
(L Ad. sk. Rio Grande (Plant). Sclater Cull. 
e,f. Jad.sk,; g, ? Pelotas, Bio Grande do Salvin-Godmau Cull 
'ad. sk, Sul (Joyner), 

6. Cassicus Immmrlmm* 
(Mollis haamorrkous, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 101 (partim). 
Le Cassique rouge de Br&il, Daub. PL EnL 4*2. 
Cacicus hsemorrnoxis, Baud. Tr. d'Orn. iL p. S2®, 
Cassicus hsemorrhous, 31ax. Beitr. iii. p. 1230 j Cab. 3fm. M^m, 


i. p. 186; Cassin, Br. Ac. 8c. Phi. 1807, p. t>>; Bp. Omsp. i. 
p. 428; 8cl Cat. A. B. p. 129; id. Ibis, 1*83, p. 100; JBurm. fytt. 
Ueh. iii. p. 274; 8eL et Salv. KomencL p. &>. 
Icterus hseinorrhotis, 8w. Birdt of 'Brazil\ pi. 1, 
Psarocolius haemorrnous, Wagl. 8ysL Av. sp. <>. 

Dull brownish black; rump scarlet; bill greenish white; ftvf 
black: whole length 11 inches, wing (5-9, tail 4-CL FtMtde himilar, 
but smaller : whole length U inches, wing 5*3, tail 3*7. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil 

I agree with Mr. Cassin (7. s. c.) that the distinctness of the 
Brazilian form of this bird from that of the Guianan and Amazonian 
districts is rather questionable. But in the series of specimens 
before me, all of the latter series (C\ affinis) agree in having 
the plumage in both sexes of a deeper and more shining black, and 
in the males there is the additional character of the larger and 
thicker hill, specially alluded to hy Bonaparte(C. IL xxxvii. p. Stitii. 

It may be noted that Linnaeus based his Oriolus Juimorrhmm 
mainly on Brisson's Cassicus ruber, which = Cmmms affinis. 
Luckily, however, Linnaeus put Brazil first in his list of localities; 
so I think (as he comprehended both forms under one name) we are 
justified in following the general practice of retaining the name 
hcmorrTious for the Brazilian form, and calling the G-nianan form 
affinis. 

a,b. £ $ ad. sk. Pernamhuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Goclman Coll. 

c-e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wueherer). Salvin-Ciodman Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Tybaya, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sclater Coll. 

(Natterer). 
g, h. S J ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
S3* 6 ? ad. sk. Santa Fe, Minas (Bogern). Sclater Coll. 

k. 
Ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
I S 
ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 

m. 
$ ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Burnett and Pitzrov 
[P.]. 
n. Skeleton. 
Purchased. 
6. CASSictrs, 
32o 
7. Cassicus affirris. 
Cassicus ruber, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 98. 
Caucus aifinis, Sw. Birds of Brazil, pi. 2; jfy. C. 12. xsxvu. p. 833 
fl&53); Gttssin, Pr. Ac, Sc, PEL 1867, p. 64; ScL Ibis, 1883, 

p. 161; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 36; Pet. Orn. Bras. p. 193; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 414; &*fo. Ibis. 1885, p. 218 (Brit. 
G-man.). 
Caucus ciassirostris, Bp. C. P. L s. c. 
Cas-icus hsemorrhous, Cab. m Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 681; Sel. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 2m. 

Glossy black; ramp scarlet; bill greenish white; feet black: 
whole length 10 inches, wing 7-3, tail 4. Female similar, but 
smaller: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 5-2, tail 3-5. 

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower and Upper Amazonia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
b, c. f J ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
d. S ad. <km(Wkitely). 
Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
K S ad. sk.
/ 2 ^-bk-
//. (S acl. ?k.
L S ad. sk.
i. S ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Para (batterer). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (BuckUy). 
Western Ecuador {Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

8. Cassicus uropygialis. 
CVsicua 
uropygialis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 290, 1847, p. 218; 
Bp. CUisp. i. p. 428; uL €. P. xxxvii. p. 833; ScL Cat. A. B. 

p. 1'29; id. Ibis, Ib83, p. 162; Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. I860, p. 139, 
1807, p. 64 j ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 36; iid, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 509; 
Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 552. 
Deep Mack; large blotch on the rump scarlet; bill greenish 
white; feet black: whole length 10*5 inches, wing 5*5, tail 4*7. 
Female similar, but smaller. 

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 
This species is readily distinguishable from the two former by the 
much less extent of the scarlet on the rump. 

a. S ad. sk. Bogota. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
b. <S ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk, Eemedios, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mon). 
d, e. <S ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (BuchUy). Salvin-Godman Cull. 

f. Q ad. sk. ISLW. coast of S. America, Capt. Kellett and 
" Lt. Wood [0.]. 
9. Cassicus microrhynchns. 
Cassiculus microrhynclms, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 353; 
Later. Ann. L. K Y. viii. p. 180. " 
fWicus microrhynehus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1867, p. 05; ScL 
et Salv, KomemL p. 36; ScL Ibis,# 1883, p. 162. 
Cacicas microrhynchus, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 142. 

326 IQIEBXDM. 

Deep Hack; large blotch on the rump orange-red; Bill white ; 
feet black: whole length 9 inches, wing 5-1, tail 3-6.^ Female 
similar but smaller: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4-2, tail 3-1. 

Hah. Central America, from Nicaragua down to Panama. 

This species is closely allied to O. uropygkdls, but distinguishable 

by its smaller size and weaker bill. 

a. d ad. sk. Cbontales, Nicaragua (Belt), Salvin-frndman C< 11. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Peje, Co&taBica (Carmfol). knlvin-G* dnum Coll. 
c. $ ad.sk. Costa Vacs* (Cttrmiol). ' fcelatHr Toll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Santiago de Yeragua (Jsce). Salvin-HudiLan G 1). 
e. $ ad.sk. Cordillera de Tole^ Yeragua halvin-lkdman Coll. 
(ArcS). 
f. § ad. sk Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcil Salvin-ft idman Cull 
fft h* d $ ad. sk. Lion Hill, Isthm. of Panama Salvin-Godoian Coil 
(McZeannan). 

t. d ad. sk. Panama (Arce). Salvin-Gudnian Coll, 
j\k. tf $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). tfclaterColL I Types 
of HIP sieeie^j 
/. d ad. sk. Panama. O. fcahin, !!«% [P,> 

Amblycereus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 100 (1831) ... A. Iiolti^rketH* 

The strong straight bill with its straight calmen and the shorter 

wings seem to distinguish this little group of two species from 

typical Gassicus. 

Range. Prom Southern Mexico to Paraguay and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Larger: bill stronger L mlitmim, p* 326. 
B. Smaller: bill weaker 2. k&hmrkm$f p. *M7» 
1. Amblycereus solitarins. 
Yapii negro, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 2®8. 
Gassicus solitarius, VieilL Kouv. Diet. v. p. 364; id, Btic* 3Iitk„ih 


p. 723 j JZartl. Syst. 2nd. p. 4; ScL ei Satr. Nomend, p. 811; iid« 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 60S; ScL Ibis, 1883, p. 162 ; Tacz. Orn. Pin ii. 
p. 415. 
Gassicus nigerrimus, Spiv. Av. Bros, i. p* 00, pi, 03. f, 1 ; *S#if, JE?. o/ 
Brazil, pi. 4. 
Amblycercus solitarius, Pp. C. P. xxxvii. p* 832: id. Xotm Om« 

p. 10. 
Japus bursarius, Menem, Frsck u. Grub. Alkf. JBrne* xv* p. 277. 
Gassicuius solitarius, ScL Cat. A. B. p. 136; 8d* et Salv* P. Z. S* 
1860, p. 182, 1867, p. 978, et 1873, p. 266 $ PA. Om P#m 

p. 194. 
Psarocolius nigerrimus, WagL Syst. An. sp. 7. 
Uniform black; bill whife ; feet Mack: whole length 11 inches, 

•wing 4*8, tail 4*5. Female similar, but smaller; whole length 
8'5 inches, wing 4*4, tail 4*3. 
7 . AJUBLYCEECTTS.
Hah. Eastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentine Kepublic, and 
Southern Brazil. 

a. S ad. sk. 
Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
k 6 ad. sk. Pebas, E.Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<?. Ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll. 

^ d ad. sk. 

Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 

e. c ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Xatterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ , </. Ad. sk. Pemanibuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
A, Ad. *k. Ceara, X. Brazil (Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. *k. Buenos Ayres (Haskhurst). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . $ ad. sk. Buenos Ayres {Haslehnrst). Sclater Coll. 
2. Amblycercus holosericeus. 
Sturnui Mosericeus, Licit. Preis Vers. Mex. Voq. p. 1 ; Cab. J. f. 0. 

1803, p. 55. 
Cacicu* holusericeus, Salvin, Cat. Strickl Coll. p. 262. 
C&^ieiB koloserieeus, Sol. Ibis, 1883, p. 163 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, 

p. 445; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 415. 
Aiubhraiuphus prevostii, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 159, pi. 54. 
A nibly circus nigerrimus, Cab. Mas. Hein. i. p. 190 (note). 
., Cawculus prevostii, Pp. Consp. i. p. 428; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, 

p. :J01, 1*J9, pp. 57, 365, 8b0, 18(50, pp. 276, 293, 1864, p. 174; 
vh Cat A. 1L p. 129; ScL et Saiv. Ibis, 1859, p. 19, 1860, p. 34; 
iul P. Z. S. Idi4, p. 353, lb70, p. 836; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 142, 
1-70. p. 190. 
Carious pre\ usti, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 36; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, 

p. ;j22 i TumbezJ ; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, p. 552. 
Beep black ; bill white ; feet black : whole length 9 inches, wing 
4*1, tail 4*3. Ft male similar. 
Hak Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama, 
Colombia, "Western Ecuador, and X.W. Peru. 
This is apparently a smaller northern representative of A. solitarhts. 


a. Ad. st« South America. Purchased. 
Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk 
Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 

a$*

c. J s^(
Sumichrast). 

Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. e. Ad. sk. 
( Gaumer). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 

/ . Ad. sk. 

(Blancaneatfw). 

Choctum, Vera Paz Salvin-Godman Coll. 

gf L Ad. sk. 

(Salvia). 

Duefias, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i, <j ad, sk. 

(Salt in). 

Betaihuleu, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 

j. Ad. sk. 
(Salvin). 

Irazu, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. Ad. sk. 
{Rogers). 
Santa F6, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

I 2 ad. sk. 

Calovevora, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 

»i» n. d $ ad, sk. 

{Arce). 

328 ICIEKIM, 

o, Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthm. of Salvin-Godmun Cull 
Panama (Hughes), 


p. $ ad. sk. Lion Hill, Isthm. of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama (McLeannan). 
q, Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser), Sclater Coll. 
r, s. Ad. sk. Monji, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Gudman ColL 
t Ad. sk. Bogota. irfalviii-GGdnian Coll. 
u> Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
v, 2 ad. sk. Aragua, Venezuela. Purchased. 

8. CASSJCtTLtFS. x 
Cassiculus, Sic. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 852 (1827) ...... C. mtlaAci^Tua, 
The single form upon which Swainson based the genus Cmsicvlm ib 

distinguished readily by its well-developed crest. The mefeorhiiiium 

is scarcely enlarged, but projects into the forehead, and terminates 

in an angular, not rounded shape. The sexes are rather differently 

coloured. 

Range. Western Mexico. 

1. Cassiculus meknictexns. 
Icterus melanicterufa, Bp. Journ. Acad UiUad. i\, p. i,hti {IcM}* 
Icterus diadematus, Te?mn, 11. C'J. 4**2 (1M9). 
Cassiculus coronatus, SID. Zool Journ. iii. p. t»->i; id. 1lML May, 

1827, i. p. 436. 
Xanthonms coronatus, Jard. et Selb. Zil Onu pi. 4*>. 
Cassiculus nielanicterus, Bp. C'm&p. L p. 4i&; Cab. JIvs. Ilrin. i. 

p. 186 5 Sclater, Cat. A. B. p; 120; id IK Z. S. 1859, p. rfcJO; id 
IbUy 1883, p. 156; Baird, Ibis, lHiS37 p. 476; 6c/. et bah. JSvmtnd. 
p. 35; Salv. P. Z. & IgbS, p. 452. 
Cassicus melanicterus, Casbitij Br, Ac. &c. BML 1807, p. CO. 
Glossy black; rump, lesser wing-coverts, and criestim yellow; 

tail yellow, two middle reetriees and external edges of iha otliere 

black; bill white, plumbeous towards the base; feet blackish: 

whole length 10-5 inches, wing 5*8, tail 4*8. Female biniilarly 

marked, but general colour dark cinereous; ^hole kugth ii-o inches, 
wing 5, tail 4*2. 
Hab. "Western Mexico. 

«; b. <5 $ ad. &k. Oaxaca (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
o-f. <$ ad. sk. j g. <? Tonala, Chiapas, (Sumi- Salun-Godiuaii ColL 
jr. sk. chrmt). 

h. <5 ad. sk. Aeayulco {Markham), Sah in-Godxaan ColL 
i $ jr. sk. Presidio (Forrer). Salvin-Godman ColL 
;\ S ad. sk. Mazatlan {Graysm). fcSalvin-Godmau Coll. 
h, I <S $ ad. sk. Mazatlan (Forrer), ' Salvin-Godmau (Ml 
m. <J ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godmaa Cull 
n. <j> ad. sk. Mexico, Gould Coll
9 . C1SSTDIX. 
as$ 

9. 
CASSIDIX 
Type. 
Scaphidurus? Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am., Aves, p. 494 (1831, 
nee Sw. 1827) C. oryzivora. 
Casadis, Less. Trait d'Orn. i. p. 438 (1831) C. oryzivora. 
Scapkidura, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 272 (1837) 0. oryzivora. 
The single species of this genus is subject to considerable variation, 
and Gassin (Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 415) has endeavoured 
to divide it into several local forms, which 1 have not been able to 
substantiate. Oassidix is sometimes placed with the Quiscalince, but 
the expanded mesorhinium induces me to consider that it is better 
referred to the Cassicinrp, amongst which the curious elongated 
feathers of the neck of the adult male, which form a kind of ruff, 
and the uniform black plumage render it easily distinguishable. 
Range. From Southern Mexico southwards through Central 
America and JSoutb America down to Paraguay. 

1. Cassidix oryzivora, 
OrioliiN oryzivorus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 380. 

Ca^sidix oryzivora, Cab. Mm. Rein. i. p. 194 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. 
Phil. lfcOO, p. 416; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. Ob (Mexico), 1859, p. 57 
(Honduras) et p. 140 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 142; id. 
Ibis, 18&4, p. 165; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 354 (Panama), 
1807, p. 279 (Mosquitia), p. 573 (Para), et p. 978 (Pebas), 
Ifcljti, p. 252 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 185 (S. Peru) et p. 267 
(Upper Amazons), 1879, p. 510 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 39 ; 
Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 353 (Centr. Am.) ; id, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 191 
(Yeragua); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, lb79, p. 201, et 1880, p. 123 
(Santa Marta); Berkpsch, J.f.O. 1873, p. 251 (South Brazil) j 
Taez. Dm. Per. ii. p. 435; Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 219 (Brit. 
Guian.). 

Tord« grande, Azara, Ajnmt. 1. p. 273. 
Cassicutf ater, Vieill Kouv. Diet. v. p. 363 ; id. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 723. 
Cassicub niger, Licki. Doubl. p. 19; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1241, 
Psarocolius palliatus, IVagl. 8yd. Av. no. 4. 
Caarieus palliatus, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 229. 
Corvus (ua&sidix) mexicanus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 433. 
Cassidix mexicanus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 416. 
Cassidix ater, Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1866, p. 415; Pels. Orn. Bras. 


p. 201; Tacz. P. Z. S.1877, p. 323 (W. Peru). 
SeapMdum barita et S. crassirostra, Sw. An.^ in Men. p. 3018 
Bcaphidura atra, Cab. in Sckomb. Guiana, iii. p. 683. 
Scaphidurus ater, Bp. Consp. i. p. 426; Burnt. Sijst. Ueb. iii. p. 278. 
Cassidix vieiHoti, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 417. 
Uniform glossy violaceous black; bill and feet black: neck-
feathers lengthened and expanded : whole length 14 inches, wing 7*8, 
tail 6-1. Female similar, but not so bright, and much smaller ; no 
expanded neck-feathers. 

Nab. Central and South America, from S. Mexico to Peru and 
Paraguay. 

330 

a. <$ ad. at. 
b. 
<$ ad. sk. 
ad. st< 
c. J
d. Ad. sk. 
«,/. d ? ad.sk. 
<7. <£ ad. sk. 
X, e. c? $ ad. sk. 
y. S ad. s^» 
ft. d ad. sk. 
1 § ad. sk. 
m. J ad. sk. 
n. J 
ad. sk. 
o. <$ ad. sk. 
p. cJ ad. sk. 
q. $ 
ad. sk. 
r. tf ad. sk. 
5. g 
ad. sk. 
t. J ad. sk. 
u. 2 
ad-sk* 
v. $ 
ad. sk. 
20. $ ad. sk. 
x. <S ad.sk. 
y. d 
ad. sk. 
ICTERID-S. 

Trinidad. 

S. America* 
Brazil. 
Orizaba, Mexico. 
Choctnra, Vera Pas, Guatemala 
(Salvin 8f Godmari). 
Chitra, Veragua (Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua 

(Arce). 

Lion Hill, Istlim. of 
Panama (JfcLeannan), 
Minca, Santa Marta, 

U. S. 0. (Simons). 
Manaure, Santa Marta, 
U. S. C. (Simofut). 
Bogota (Argent). 
Bemedios, Antioquia, 
U. S. 0. (Salmon). 
Jima; Ecuador (Buckley)* 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador 
(Fraser). 
Pebns, E. Peru (Haux


well). 
Barra (Xatterer). 
Para, Lower Amazons 


(Wallace), 

Para, Lower Amazons 

(Wallace). 

Bartica Grove, Brit. 
Guiana (Wliitely). 
Maroni River, Surinam 


(Kappler). 
Maranliam ( Wendebom). 
Eng. do Gama, Brazil 


Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman CoJGL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godmau Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Subfamily IL AGELJ3INJS. 

The Agelceince or Maize-birds are very different in habits from 
the forest-haunting Oassiques. They live much on the ground, and 
consequently show a predilection for open pastures, prairie-lands, 
and pampas. Wherever such suitable localities are found, from the 
Saskatchewan to Tierra del Euego, they are tenanted by different 
members of this subfamily. 

The feet of the Maize-birds are strong, and the tarsi lengthened 
to suit their terrestrial habits. The bill is straight, sometimes long 
and sometimes short, but always nearly straight and pointed, with 
the culmen straight or very slightly incurved, and the mesorhinium 
usually more or less flattened. 

The Maize-birds, except the parasitic Moloihri, build open, cup-
shaped nests among the reeds in swampy places, and lay spotted 

10 . DOLICHONrX. 
331 

Key to the Genera. 

A Bill short, stout,conical; mesorhinium 
rounded or but slightly flattened. 

a. 
Tail-feathers acute ; hind claw 
lengthened „ 10. DOLICHONYX, p. 331. 
h, Tail-feathers and hind claw normal. 
a'. Culmen slightly incurved ; mesorhinium 
rounded 11. MOLOTHBUS, p. 332. 
I'. Culmen straight; mesorhinium 
more or less flattened. 
a2. Tarsi moderately long. 
C Tail moderate; rectrices 
< rounded 12. AGKELJETTS, p. 339. 
(.Tail short; rectrices acute 13. LEISTES, p. 348. 

h2. Tarsi very long 14. XANTHOCEPHALUS,P. 349. 

B. 
Bill more elongated; mesorhinium 
much flattened. 
c. Upper mandible 
broadened at the 
extremity 15. AMBLYBHAMPHUS, p. 350, 
d. Upper mandible acute. 
d. 
Base of bill smooth. 
i Tail moderately long 16. PSETTDOLEISTKS, p. 351. 
I Tail short 17. NESOPSAB, p. 353. 
d\ Base of bill sulcated 18. CUB-SUS, p. 354. 

10. 
DOLXCHONYX, m 
Type. 
Dolichonyx, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 351 (1827) D. oryzivora. 
The short, Finch-like bill and acuminated tail-feathers at once 

mark out this peculiar form, which is a well-known breeding bird in 
North America, but descends far south in winter. It is likewise 
remarkable for maintaining its full plumage only in the breeding-
season, after which the males appear to reassume the young or 
female plumage. 


L Dolichouyx oryzivorus. 

Emberiza oryzivora, Linn. 8, JW. i. p. 311; Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 48, 

pi. 12. f. 1, 2. 
Passerina oryzivora, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 3. 
Psarocolius caudacutus, Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 32. 
Dolichonyx oryzivora, Sw. Faun. Bbr.-Am. ii. p. 278; Bp> Consp. 

i. p. 4371 Gosse, 2?» Jam. p. 229; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 522; Aud. 
Birds Am. iv. p. 10, pi. 211; Sclater, F.Z.S. 1858, p. 72 (Rio 
Napo), 1861, p. 74 (Jamaica); id. Cat A. B. p. 134; id. Ibis, 
1884, p. 2; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 (Merida), 1876, 
p. 16 (Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 37; OundLJ. f. O. 1874, p. 129 
(Cuba); Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 194 (Behze), 1885, p. 191 (Cozumel) et 
p. 218 (Brit. Guian.); Baird, Brew., et Bidgw. B. N. A. ii. p. 149; 
Felz. Orn. Bras. p. 199 (Mato-Grosso); Tacz. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 421; 
Gould, Zool. Voy.i Beagle, iii. p. 106 (Galapagos); Ooues, Key 
N.A.B. (1884) p. 400. 
Male in breeding-plumage. Black; nape pale'buff; interscapulium 
varied with brown; scapularies and lower back ashy white; wings 

lOTEKIDiB. 

332 

more or less edged externally with brown; thighs brown; bill dark 
horn-colour; feet flesh-colour: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*8, 
tail 2-8. Male out of breeding-jrtumaye. Above pale yellowish 
brown varied with blackish, principally on the head and interscapulium; 
wings and tail blackish brown, edged with pale yellowish 
brown; beneath pale yellowish buff, with longitudinal blackish 
stripes on the flanks; bill and feet pale flesh-colour. Female similar, 
but rather smaller. 

Ilab. Northern and Middle America in summer, and south through 

Central America and West Indies to Panama, Venezuela, Guiana, 

Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia, and Galapagos. 

a. $ ad. sk. N. America. J. Gould, Esq. 
N. America. Zool. Soe.'ts Gardens. 
b. S jr. st. 
N. America. J. G. Denny, E^q. [P.], 
c. Jr. st. 
N. America. 0. Russell, Esq. [P.]. 
d. <$ ad. sk. 
Fort Duiferin, N. America. N.W. Boundary (Jomm. 

e. $ ad. sk. 
/. S ad. sk. Pembina, Dacota, (Coues). . m 
g (S ad. sk. Mt. Carmel, Illinois, U. S. 

tealvin-Godman Coll. 

(Ridgway), 

Saivin-Godman Coll. 

h. 
tf ad. sk, Washington, D.C., II, S. 
(Dre,iler). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i J ad. sk. Meridian Hill, Colombia, U. S. 
(Coues), 


Salvin-Godmau Coil. 

j. 
$ ad. sk. District of Colombia, U.S. 
(Coues). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. $ ad. sk. United States (Bell). 
Sclater Coll. 

I. Jr. sk. Nevis, W. I 
W. Cottle [G.J. 
m,n.($ Jad.sk. Cozumel Island (Bevis). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o. (S ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Devis). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

P&d $ ad.sk. British Honduras (tialvin). 

Salvin-Gudman Coll. 

?\ J ad. sk. Chepo, Isthm. of Panama 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Arce). 

s. $ ad. sk. Paraiso St., Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama (Ifuyhes). 
t $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 

u. S ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Jr. sk. Caracas. D. Dyson [C.]. 
w, J ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

x. J ad. sk, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
y,z.c?$ad. sk. Eio Javari, Amazons. Purchased. 
#', V. <$ ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Colh 
d, Jr. sk. James Island, Galapagos Gould Coll. 
(Darwin). 

11. 
MOLOTHEUS. 
type. 
Molothrus, Sw. Faun. Bon-Am. ii. p. 277 (1881) .. M. pecoris. 
Hypobletis, Gloger, Rand- u. Hilfsb. d. Mat p. 200 
(1842) < M. pecoris. 
Callotlirus, Cassin, Ft\ Ac. So. FMl. 1866, p. 18 .... M. ameus. 
Cyanothrus, Cassin, ojp. cit. p. 19 ... . „ M. bonariensis. 
Agelaioides, Cassin, op. cit, p. 15 . M. badius. 

11 . MOLOTHBXJB. 333 
The bill of Molothrus is much like that of Dolklwnyw, but not 
quite so short, and the tail-feathers have the normal structure. 
The group is composed of at least six well-marked species, distributed 
from the prairies of North America to the pampas of Buenos Ayres, 
most of -which are known to have the parasitic, Cuckoo-like habit 
of employing other birds to hatch their eggs. (See Baird, Brewer, 
and Ridgway, 3ST. A. B. ii. p. 155 ; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 61; Hudson, 
P.Z,S. 1874, p. 153.) 

Key to the Species. 

A. Colour uniform ; win^s black. 
a. Shining black; head brown 1. pecoris, p. 333* 
h. Shining dark greenish black : 
) uniform 2. emeus, p. 334. 
j with a brownish lustre 8. armenti, p. 335. 
c. Shining purplish black, uniform. 
a'. Middling size. 
j Female darker ,. 4. bonariensis, p. 335. 
| Female paler 5. purpuraseens, p. 337, 
h'. Smaller 6. atronitens, p. 3&7. 
cf . Larger 7. cassini, p. 837. 
(I. Shining purplish black, axillaries red .. 8. rufo-axillaris, p. 338, 
B. Colour varied : ^ ingp rufous.i 
J Cinereous; paler below ,.,, . 9. badius, p. 338. 
j Sandy colour; paler below 10. frinyillarius, p. 330. 

1. Molothrus pecoris*. 
Troupiale de la Caroline, Daub. PI. Enl 606. fig. 1. 
Fringilla pecoris, Gm. S. N". i. p. 910. 
Emberiza pecoris, Wits. Am. Orn. ii. p. 145, pi. 18. f. 1, 2, 3. 
Agelam pecoris, SID. Phil. May. 1827, i. p. 436 (Mexico). 
Molothrus pecoris, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 277 (Mexico) ; Bp, 


Comp. i. p. 436; Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 192; Baird, B. M. Am, 

p. 524; Sclafer, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 213 (Mexico), 1859, p. 365 (Vera 
• Cruz), 1860, p. 252 (Orizaba); id. Cat. A. B. p. 134; id. Ibis, 1884, 
p. 3; Scl et Salv. Ntmencl. p. 37; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 492 
(Texas); Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1866, p. 17; Baird, Brew., et 
Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 154; Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 90 
(Arizona) • id. B. N.-W. p. 180. 
Molothrus ater, Gray, Hand-l ii. p. 36 j Coues, Check-list (1882), 

p. 62 ; id. Key JV. A. B. (1884) p. 402; Bidgw. P. U. S. N. M. 
iii. p. 182. 
Molothrus obscurus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1866, p. 18. 
Molothrus pecoris, var. obscurus, Coues, Key, p. 155. 
Molothrus ater obscurus, Bidgw. P. U. S. JV". M. iii. p. 182; Sennett, 
Bull U. S. Geol Surv. iv. p. 22 et v. p. 396 (Rio Grande); Merrill, 
Pr. U. S. N. M:i. p. 130 (Texas); Coues, Key K A. B. (1884) 

p. 402. 
Black, with purplish reflections* whole head, and body beneath 
down to the middle of the breast, smoky brown ; bill and feet black; 
whole length 7 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*2. Female. Smaller; brown, 
paler below and with slight darker shaft-spots. 

* For reasons for not adopting the specific term " ater," see Ibis, 1883, p. 583. 
334 ICTJBKIDiE. 

Eab. N. America, and southwards throughout Mexico to Vera 
Cruz and Oaxaca. 

The resident form in Texas, Lower California, Arizona, and 
Western Mexico is smaller in dimensions. But some examples 
from Yera Cruz appear to be nearly as large as the northern bird. 

a. Subsp. tyjpica* 
a,b.d g ad. sk. Port Dufferin, N. America. N. A. Bound. Comm. 
[P.]. 


c. Jr. sk. Platte Payer, N. A. U.S. Nat. Mas. [P.]. 
Illinois (Nelson). R. B. Sharpe's Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. 
Illinois (Code). R. B. Sbarpe [P.]. 

(?,/.c?$ ad. sk. 

Indiana. R. B. Sharpe's Coll. 

ff. $ ad. sk. 

)i, i. <$ $ ad. sk. Oyster Bay, Long* Island. U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.l 
j, <j> jr. sk. Distr. Colombia, U. S. A. (Cones). U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
%k. $ ad. sk. Distr. Colombia, U.S.A. (Cones). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, $ ad. sk. Fort Bridger, Utah, U. S. (BrevSalvin-
Godman Coll. 

ier). 

m. c? ad. sk. North America (Bell). Sclater Coll. 
n. 5 ^d. sk. North America. Sclater Coll. 
o. J ad. sk. Kendall Co., Texas (K C. R. B. Skarpe, Esq. 
Broiun). [P.J. 
j5. J ad. sk. Jalapa (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
q-t. Ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Gaunter). 

b. Subsp. obscura. 
«, $ ad. sk. City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
&, c. c? ? ^d. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
dj e. <$ $ ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Fairer). Sclater Coll. 

2. Molothrus aenem 
Psarocolius ssneus, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 7*58; JBp. Cotisp. i. p. 426. 
Molothrus asneus, Cab. *Mus. Hein. i. p. 192 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 18-56, 

p. 300 (Cordova, Mex.*), 1859, p. 365 (Jalapa) et p. 391 (Oaxaca); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 135; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 4; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1860, 
p. 34 (Guatemala) ; iid. Nbmencl. p. 37 ; Cassm, Fr. Ac. Sc. Fhil. 
1866, p. 18; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 61 (eg^s) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, 
p. 81 (Costa Rica); Merrill, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. 1877,* p. 85 (Rio 
Grande); Se?mett, Bull. U.S. Geol Surv. vol. iv. p. 23 (Rio 
Grande); Corns, Chech-list (1882), p. 02; id. KetjN.A.B. (1884) 
p. 403; Lawr. Mem. Bost Soc. N. H. ii. p. 281 (N. W. Mexico) ; 
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 445 (Yucatan). 
Molothrus robustus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 193. 


Bark greenish satiny black; wings and tail purplish; bill and 

feet black: whole length 8-3 inches, wing 4#8, tail 3*4. Female. 

Smaller; blackish ; wings and tail glossed with purplish, and with 

slight purplish reflections on the back. 

Hub. Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and south to Yeragua. 

The females from Western Mexico appear to be much paler in 

colouring than the normal birds, but I do not find much difference 

in the adult males. 

11 . MOLOTHRUS, 335 
a, b. J ad. sk. j Mexico. Purchased. 
c. J ad. sk. 
d, e. S ^d. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Purchased. 
f. 3 ad. sk. Mexico (de Saitssure). Sclater Coll. 
9<
S ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
A, 
h 
i. J jr. sk. 
k. $ $ ad.sk.; 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca).
Presidio (Forrer). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. cJ jr. sk. 
m 
0. 
p. 
$• 
•. <$ jr. sk.;
2 ad. sk. 
6 jr. Jt. 
$ ad. sk. 
<3 ad. sk.;
d jr. sk. 
7i. 
r. 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico(Forrer). 
Oaxaca, S. Mexico (Fenochio).
Southern Mexico (Boitcard).
Northern Yucatan (Gamner). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. 
t, 
6 jr. sk. 
«. 6 ? ad. sk. 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
%w. 6 $ ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll 
X.. <$ ad. sk. Orosi, Costa JRica (Kramer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y>2. cJ ad. sk. CMtra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Molothrus armenti, 

Molothrus armenti, Cab. Mus. Jlein. I p. 192: id. J.f. 0. 1861, 

p. 82 ; Cassin, Fr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 18; Sol Ibis, 1884, p. 5. 
Smaller than M. omens; bill more slender; entire plumage 

black; head and body with a rich, silky, yellowish-brown lustre. 

(Cassin, I. c.) 
Bah. Coast-region of Colombia and Venezuela. 
I have not seen the adult of this bird, and am not sure that the 

single skin registered below belongs to it. But it appears to be a 

young male or female of some species of the genus. 

a. $ jr. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
4. Molothrus bonariensis *. 
Tangavio, Daub. PL Bnl. 710. 
Tanagra bonariensis, Gm. S. JSf". i. p. 898. 
Molothrus bonariensis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 193; Sol. Ibis, 1884, 


p. 5 j Scl et Salv. P. Z. S.1868, p. 140 (Arg. Rep.) j iid. Mviencl. 
p. 37; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1866, p. 19; Hudson, P. Z. S. 
* When at Philadelphia in 1884,1 took the opportunity of examining the 
so-called Cyrtotes ^axillaris, and came to the conclusion that the specimens so 
named are only males of Molothrus bonariensis with the beak deformed. As, 
however, my examination was a haaty one, and it is still possible that I may 
have been mistaken, I add the synonymy of this (supposed) genus and species. 
CTRTOTES MAXILLAKIS. 
Icterus masillaris, tfOrb. et Lafr. Sy?i. Av. ii. p. 6; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 367, 
tab. hi. fig. 2: Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 643. 
Molothrus maxillaris, Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 186(5, p. 21, 
Oyrtotes maxillaris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 437; Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 9. 

Sab. Oochabamba, Bolivia (d'Orb.). 
There is no specimen of this bird in European collections, so far as I know. 


330 ICTEK1D.E. 

1872, p. 809, et 1874, pp. 153 et seqq. (Buenos Ayres); Berlepsch, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1873, p. 249 (Santa Catharina); Durnford, Ibis, 
1877, pp. 33, 174 (Ohupat); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 330 (Pernambuco) 
-WMte, P. Z. S. 1882, p. G01 (Aig. Rep.). 

Tordo comun, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 275. 
Icterus sericeus, Licht. Boubl. p. 19 ; Tsch. Faun, Fen p. 225. 
Molothrus sericeus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 437 ; Newton, Ibis, 1S60, p. 308 ; 


Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 200 ; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 135. 
Molobrus sericeus, Bunn. Syst. Ueh. ill. p. 279; id. La-Flat a Heist, 

ii. p. 494; Sternb. J.f.O. 1809, p. 125. 
Seolecopkagus sericeus, SID. An. in Menag. p. 301. 
Icterus minor, Spix, Av. Bras. L p. 67, pi. 03. %. 2 (?). 
Icterus violaceus, Max. Beiir. ill. p. 1212. 
Molothrus niger, Gould, Zool. Voy. l Beagle* iii. p. 107. 
Pas.serina discolor, VieilL N. B. cPH. N. xxxiv. p. 5o2; id. Em. 3lith. 
p. 939. 
Uniform shining purplish Hack ; on wings and tail not BO bright; 
bill and feet black: whole length 7*o inches, wing 4%>, tail 3. 
Female. Bark ashy brown, beneath paler; bill and feet black; 
slightly smaller in size. 

Hal. Argentine Republic, Patagonia, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. 

a, h. <$ ad. sk.; Conchitas, Buenos Ayres ScIattT ColL 
c, d. $ ad. sk. (Hudson). 
e}f. d 2 ad. sk. Buenos Ayred (Hash-hirst). Saivin-Godmnn ColL 

y. $ Jr. sk. Punta Lara, Arpr. Rep. II. Durnford JC.\ 
//. <$ jr. sk.; i Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybftld) Salviu-Godman C< >IL 
2 ad. sk. 
h &• 6* 2 ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. Purchased. 
I, J ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay Sir W. Burnett and 


(Banoln), » Capt. Fitzrov ~P~„ 




m, n. $ ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel rC^. "

o. $ ad. sk. Straits of Magellan (King). 
Salviu-GocTman Coll. 

p. $ jr. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia 
Purchased. 

(Hudson). 
q,r, s. <$, $ jr., Ohupat, Patagonia. EL Durnford [GJ.
et J sk. 


t. $ ad. sk. Xikuasa, Bolivia (Fearce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u. $ ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.". 
Df w. S ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil {Jesse), Salvin-CTiidman Coll. 
x. c? ad. sk.; y. Ceara, N. Brazil (Jesse). Sclater Coll. 
6 jr. sk. 
z,a'. <$ ad. sk.; Pernambuco, Brazil {Forbes). 


Salvin-0odman ColL 

6'. cJjr.sk. J 
c'. $ ad', sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 


Salvin-Godman ColL 

d', e'. <5 ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de 

Sfdvin-Godinan ColL 

Janeiro (Youds). 

f. $ ad. sk. Joanna Leite, S. Brazil 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

(Natterer). 
gf. S ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Joyner)* 
ft, *'• 6 S ad- sk. Brazil 


Setafer ColL 

f. § ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Clauesen [P.]. 
h'. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 

Purchased. 

l\ Skeleton. Buenos Ayres (?). 

Purchased* 

11 . MOLOTHfttJS. 
337 
5. Molothrus purpurascens. 
Xanthomas purpurascens, JSalin u. Kilster, Voq. aus Asien. Lief. v. 
t.4{?). 
Molothrus purpurascens, Cte?sm, Pr. ^c. £c. PM. 1866, p. 20; &?/. 

P. Z. S.1869, p. 148 (Lima); id. Ibis, 1884, p. 7 ; £<?/. <tf Salv. 
Xomencl p. 87 ; Tacz. P. Z. A 1874, p. 523, 1880, p. 200 (Peru) ; 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 422. 
Similar to M. bonariensis, but female paler, especially below. 
Bab, Western Peru. 
Notwithstanding what Mr. Cassin says, it must at least remain 


doubtful whether Halm's figure was really intended to represent 
this form of 31. bonariensis; but it is hardly necessary to change 
the name. On examining the pair of birds from Lima (which must, 
1 suppose, belong to Cassin's 21. purpurascens), and comparing them 
with a series of M. bonariensis, I can find very little difference in 
the males, except that the bill and feet are rather stronger. The 
female of M. purpurascens is paler and more fuscous above, and 
very much paler ancl more whitish on the lower plumage. 


a, b. d ? ad. sk. Lima, Peru {Nation). Sclater Coll. 

0. Molothrus atronitens. 
Molothrus atronitens, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 682; id. Mus. 
Hern. i. p. 193; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 200; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, 


p. 576 (Trinidad); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 37 ; Berlepsch, J.f.O. 
1873, p. 249; Scl litis, 1884, p. 6. 
Shining purplish black ; wings and tail more bronzy black: 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2-8. Female. Bark brown, 
with a slight purplish tinge; beneath paler. 


Hub. Guiana, Venezuela, and Trinidad. 

Only separable from M. bonariensis by its smaller size. 

a. $ ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk. George Town (Brown). Sclater Coll. 
d. A 
ad. sk. Demerara. J. R. Jackson, Esq. 
[P.]. 
e. Pull. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
/. 
2 a$*s&« Island of Mexiana, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Amazons ( Wallace). 


7. Molothrus cassini. 
Molothrus discolor, Cassin, Fr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1866, p. 20; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl p. 37; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 509 (Antioquia); Salv. et 
Godm. Ms, 1880, p. 123 (S. Marta). 

Molothrus 
cassini, Finsch, P.ZS. 1870, p. 576; Berlepsch, J.f O. 
1873, p. 250; Set. Ibis, 1884, p. 6. 
Molothrus robustus, Cab. MS., teste Fmsch, I s. c. 

Bark shining purple-black ; wings and tail more greenish ; bill 
and feet black; whole length 8*8 inches, wing 5*2, tail 4*2. Female, 
vol,, xi. __^~ Z 


V (^Cf¥%^A ^AvvvuV/k \''L^^ ] ^ l^f^flKAj 

ICTEKIDJE. 

Above dull brown, with slight metallic reflections; below paler; 

superciliaries whitish. 
Hah. Venezuela and Colombia. 
Except in its larger size, this species is hardly different from 

M. bonariemis. 
a. J ad. sk. Arihueca, U. S. G. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b,c. <3 ? ad. sk, Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman C 11. 
(Salmon), 
d, e. tf J ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon), 


f. <$ ad. sk. Barranquilla, U. S. C. (Ber-Sclater Coll. 
lepsch). 
g) h. <$ 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

z. tf jr. sk. Bogota ( Ward), Sclater Coll. 
j, d ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Bon-Sclater Coll. 
card), 
h, I $ ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 


8. Molothrns riifo-axillaris. 
Icterus brevirostris,ti^Orb. et Lafr. Syn. ii. p. 7 (1838) ? 
Molotbrus rufo-axillaris, Cassin] Pr. Ac So. Phil IMitt, p. 23; $>L 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 140; iid. Xommcf. p. 37; IIud*,n% 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 161; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 174; White, P. Z, S. 
1882, p. 001; Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 7. 
Silky black, washed with purple; wings and tail with a slight 
greenish gloss; a chestnut spot on the axilkries; bill and feet 
black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4#o, tail 3*3. Female similar, 
but rather smaller. Young. Pale brown, wings margined with 
chestnut. 

Hah. Argentine Republic, from Catamarca to the Bio Eegro of 

Patagonia. 
a. $ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hud-Salvin-Godman Coll 
so?i). 
b. (J ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
d-i Jr. sk.
j . $ ad. sk.
h. § ad. sk. 
Buenos Ayres (Hudson). 
Quilmes, Arg. Kep. (Hudson), 
Quilmes, Arg. Kep. (Hudson). 
Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson), 
Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 

9. Molothnis badius. 
Tordo pardo-roxizo, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 200. 
Agelaius badius, Vieill. Nouv. Diet xxxiv. p. 536"; id. Enc. Iliik. 


p. 711. 
Icterus badius, d'Orl. et Lafr. Syn. Ai\ ii. p. 7 (Bolivia). 
Molothnis badius, Cab. litis. Hem. i. p. 193; Sel Cat A. B. p. 135 • 
id. Ibis, 1884, p. 8; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1874; p. 103 (nesting)": Set. 

et Salv. P. Z. S 1868, p. 140 (Buenos Ayres), et 1879, p! €08 

(Bolivia) j iid. Nomencl. p. 37 ; Durnford, Ibis, 1877. p. 174 

Bolichonyx badius, Casein, B\ Ac. So. Phil 1866, p. 15. 
Agelaius frirtgillarius, Gould, Zool. Voy. t Beagle? Birds,'-p. 107 

12. AGEL^US. 339 
Brownish cinereous, beneath rather paler; wings chestnut; tips, 
of primaries, Inner portions of secondaries, and tail blackish ; bill 
black ; feet dark brown : whole length 7'6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3 
Female similar. 

Hal. Argentine Republic, Paraguay, and Bolivia. 

a. o ad.sk. Conchitas. Buenos Ayres(Hudson), 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Conekita>, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson), 
e. 2 ad. «.&
d. 2 ad. sk.
**/• Ad - ^k.
ff, h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. st 
Quilmes, Arg. Bep. (Hudson). 
Quilmes, Arg. Hep. (Hudson). 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia(Buckley), 
Bolivia. 
Brazil (?). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
T. Bridges [C.l. 
Purchased. 

10. Molothras fringiHarins. 
Icteric frinjrillariim, Spix, Av. Bras. i.p.68,t.65 (1824). 
Dolifhonvx funcipennis, Crmht, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 10. 
Molothrus fringilkrius, Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 8. 

Above cinereous, with a strong rufeseent tinge, space round the 
eye and ear-coverts darker; wings blackish, with bright rufous 
margin^ : below paler, rather more cinereous ; tail blackish brown, 
with slight rufeseent edgings; bill and feet black: whole length 
Irb inches, wing 3*5, tail 2-6. 

Jfab. Campos of Brazil. 

Although closely allied to M. badins, this species is at once recognizable 
on comparison by its pale sandy colour, brown tail, and the 
lesser amount of rufous on the wings. 

a. Ad. sk. Pemambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
12. AfflELBUS. 
Type. 
Apreiaius, Vieillot, Analyse, p. 33 (1816) A. phoeniceus. 
Chrysomus, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 274 (1837) A. icterocephalus. 
Xanthosoiuus, Cab. Mm. Hem. i. p. 180 (1851) A. icterocephalus. 
Airelasticus, Cah. Mm. Ilein. i. p. 188 (1851) A. thilitxs. 
Tli iliIK, Bp. Coynpt Bend, xxxvii. p. 833 (1853) .. A. thilius. 
Erythropsar, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1866, p. 17 .. A. ruficapillus. 

As here arranged Agelmts embraces some 14 species distributed 
throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical Eegions, generally of moderate 
size and black plumage, more or less varied with reds or yellows. 
Agelmw has a longer bill than the two preceding genera, and the 
culmen is always quite straight, with the mesorhinium occasionally 
slightly flattened. 

The Agelm nest generally in society, and build open cup-shaped 
nests in marshy places in the reed-beds or dwarf shrubs. The eggs 
are usually pale bluish, spotted with various shades of red. 

z 2 

340 
ICTEE1DJ?. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Black, bend of wing brightly coloured. 
a. Bend of wing red. 
a'. With ochraceous margin. 
f Female striated 1-pJiamieeus, p. 340. 
t Female like male 2. assimilis, p. 341. 

b'. Without oohraceous margin 3. gnbernator* p. 841, 
c'. With white margin 4. tricolor, p. 342. 

b. Bend of wing fulvous 
5. humeralU, p. 34± 
e. Bend of wing yellow : 
j under wing-coverts- black 6. xanthotma, p. 348. 
] under wing-coverts yellow 7. thiliiis, p. 343, 
B. Black, with yellow axillary tuft _..». . 8. imtlmrmi, p. 344. 
0. 
Uniform black: 
j rnesorhinium slightly flattened 9. cyanopm, p. 344. 
J mesorhinium more flattened 10. forbesi, p, 345. 
J). Black and yellow: 
| abdomen black 11. ictemeephalm, p. 345. 
{abdomen yellow „ 12. flams, p. 340. 

E 
Black and chestnut: 
I crown bright chestnut 13. frontalis, p. 347. 
| crown dark chestnut 14. ricficapillitx, p. 347. 

1. Agels&us pkBniceus. 
Oriolus phceniceus, Linn. S.M i. p. 1G1; Gm. S. JY1 i. p. 380; Lath, 

Ind. Orn. i. p. 178. 
Troupiale a ailes rouges de la Louisiane, Daub. PL JB/d. 402. 
Agelaius phoeniceus, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 280; Bp. Omsp.i* 

p. 430; Baird, B, N. Am. p. 526 ; Baird, Brew,, et Ridffic. X 
A. B. ii. p. 159; Lawrence, Ann. L. J\T. T. ix. p. 104 (Oo4a Rica). 
Sturnus predatorius, Wife. Am. Orn. iv. p. 30, pi. 30. -%s. 1,2. 
Agelseus phceniceus, Sdater, P. #. S. 1857, p. 205 (Mexico)f 1859, 
p. 58 (Peten) et p. 381 (Oaxaca); id. Cat. A. B. p. 135; id. lbkf 
1884, p. 10 ; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 185% p. 19; nd. Xomencl p. 91; 
Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 492 (Texas); Corns, Br. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, 
p. 90 (Arizona); id. Key N. A. B. (1884), p. 404; id. B, N.-W. 
p. 186; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, g. 446- (Yucatan). 
Bed-winged Oriole, Lath. Q. BE. iii. p. 180. 
Glossy black; smaller wing-coverts crimson, with a more or less 
well-defined ochraceous border below ; bill black ; feet hazel: whole 
length 8*5 inches, wing 4*6, tail 3*5. Female much smaller; above 
black, irregularly marked with whitish ; ill-defined superciliaries 
white; beneath ochraceous white, with distinct black striatlons. 

Hah. 
North and Central America down to Costa Rica. 

a. S ad. sk. Arctic America. Capt. Back [P.X 
b. <$ jr. st.; c. 2 N. America. Purchased. 
ad. st.; d7 e. 
Pull. st. 
/. <J ad. (alb. var.) California, Purchased. 
st. 
y, h. <$ $ ad. sk. • West slope, Rocky Moira- X K Lord, Esq. (F 1 

i. $ jr. sk. tains. 
L *J* 
j, 
k S '? ad. sk.; British Columbia N. A. Bound. Comm 
/. <$ jr. sk. [p^ 

12 . AGEL-ETTS. 341 
o. § ad. sk. 
San Juan I., Brit. Col. 
"Waldron L, Dominion 
of Canada. 
Dr. Lyall [P.]. 
Dr. Lyall |_P.j . 
p. (S ad. sk. Fort Dufferin, N.W. A. N. A. Bound. Comm. 
Sf. S ad. bk. N.W. coast of N. America. Capt. Kellett and Lieut. 
r. ^ ad. sk. 
s. o ad. sk. 
*. <$ ad. sk. 
*. J jr. sk.; t\ Q 
ad. sk. 
tc, j; . <? ad. sk.; 
!/,z. $ ad.sk. 
a'. <$ ad. sk. 
Fort Simpson, N. A. 
Pembina, Dakota (Coues). 
Illinois (Coale). 
lit. Carniel, Illinois 
(Bidgwoy). 
Nova Scotia (Downs). 
Canada (Saltin). 
Wood [P.]. 
B. Ross, Esq. rP.]U. 
S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
R.B.Sharpe,Esq. [P.1 
U. S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b'. (S ad. sk. Washington, D.C., Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c'. 2 ad. sk. 
U. S. A. (Brexler). 
The Slashes, Distr. of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d\ $ ad. sk. 
e'. cf ad. sk. 
Colombia (Coues). 
Arizona (Cones). 
Mexico. 
U.S.Nat. Mus. [P.l 
Salvin-Godman Colt 
/,#' . dad.sk. 
7*'-/'. d ad.; m\ 
2 ad. sk. 
»'. $ ad. sk. 
Northern Yucatan 
(Gaumer). 
Cozumel I., Yucatan 
(G. F. Gamner). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
or 
?|/. cj ad. sk 
#'. J ad. sk.; /»a'. 
J ad. sk.; £'. Jr. 
(JBlancaneaux). 
Lake of Peten, Guatemala 
(Salviri). 
DuenaSj Guatemala. 
Salvin-Godman OolL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
«.' $ ad. sk. Guatemala (Constancia). Sclater Coll. 
v'9 w'. (S 2 ad. sk. Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa 
Rica (ArcS). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Agelseus assimilis. 
Agekeus assimilis, GtmdL in Zembeye, Aves de Cuba, p. 64, t. 9.fig*,3 
(1850) ; id. J.f, 0.1856, p. 12,1861, pp. 332, 413,1862, p. 189, et 
1874, p. 231; id. Boston Journ. K IT. vi. p. 316 j Foey, Rep. Fs-N. 

i. p. 288 (1860); ScL IbisK 1884, p. 10. 
Agelseus phceniceus, var. assimilis, Coues, B. N.- W. p. 186. 
Male. Similar to J., phceniceus, but rather smaller. Female 
uniform black. 
Mab* Cuba. 

3. Agelgeus guJiemator. 
Psarocolius gubernator, Wagl. Isis, 1832, p. 281. 
Agelseus gubernator, Bp. Consp. i. p. 480; Bai?-d, B. K Am. p. 529 ; 
86L F. Z. S. 1857, p. 213 (Orizaba), 1859, p. 365 (Jalapa), 1864, 

p. 175 (City of Mexico) j id. Cat. A. £. p. 135; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 10 j 
ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. 37; Cooper, Orn. Col. i. p. 263. 
Agalaius phceniceuS, var. gubernator, Bairdf Breio., et Fidgw, 2V. A.B> 
iL p. 163; Coues, B. N.-W. p. 186. 
Agelseus phceniceus gubernator, Coues, Key N. A. B. (1884) p. 404. 

ICTEEIDJE. 

Glossy black; lesser wing-coverts crimson, without or with 
scarcely any oehraceous border; bill and feet black. 
Eab. Pacific coasts of N. America, and south to Southern Mexico. 

a rf ad st.
h 8 ad* sk.
c. tf ad. skd. 6 jr. sk. 
California. 
San Francisco, Cal. (Cutis). 
California (Bell). 
Reno, Nevada, U.S.A. (HenSir 
E. Belcher [P.]. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
e. Ad. sk.
f. a. Ad. et jr. sk.
h Ad. sk.
i. ? ad. st.
sliaio). 
Jalapa, Mexico (efe Oca). 
Jalapa, Mexico (<& Oc«). 
Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). 
Mexico. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 

4. Agelsens tricolor. 
Icterus tricolor, And. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 1 (1839); Niittatt, Man. i. 
(2nd edit.) p. 186. 

Cooper, Orn. Cal i. p. 265 (1870) j Scl Ibis, lb84, p. 11; Cones, 
Key N. A. B. (1884) p. 404. 
Agelaius phoeniceus, var. tricolor, Cones, Key, p. 150; id. B. A7".-W. 

p. 186. 
Glossy black; lesser wing-coverts blood-red, with a distinct white 
border below; bill more slender than in A. phosniceus: whole length 
8*5 inches, wing 4*9, tail 2*5. 

Bab, Coast-district of California and Oregon. 

a. <$ ad. sk. California (Hepburn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <S ad. sk. California. Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Santa Barbara, Cal. (Henshaw). U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.J. 
d. o* ad. sk. Stockton, Cal. (Belding). U.S. Nat. Mus. [P. j . 
5. Agelaeus humeralis. 
Leistes humeralis, Vig. Zool. Jour. iii. p. 442. 
Icterus kumeralis, d'Orb. in La Sagrds Cuba, Ois. p. 91, pi. xx. 
Agelceus liurneralis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 430; Gundl J. f. 0.1850, p. 13, 


1801, p. 332, 1874, p. 130, et 1878, p. 177; Peheln, Ibis, 1873, 

p. 28; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 136; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 11 ; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl p. 37 ; Poey, Pep. F.~N. i. p. 288. 
Glossy black ; wing-coverts yellowish-brown with a paler border 
below; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4*2, 
tail 3*2. Female similar, but rather smaller, and wing-coverts 
mixed with black. 

Eab. Cuba. 

a, I. <$ ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. <S ad. sk. Cuba (Poey). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. cf ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Q* ad sk Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
y. S ad. sk. Cuba (Bnjant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
12 . AGT2L-ETJS. 
343 
6. Agelsens xanthomas. 
Agelaius 
chrysopterus, Vieill Norn), Diet, xxxiv. p. 539 ; id. Ene. 
Meth. p. 713 (partim); Sund. (Efu. af K. Vef.-Akad. Fork. 1800, 

p. 597; Scl. et Sate. Nomencl p. 37; Gundlach, J. f. O. 1674, 
p. 312, et 1878, p. 177 j id. An. Soc. Esp. II N. \ii. p. ail 
(1878). * 
Icterus xanthoma, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 131; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 168; 
Brya?it, Proc. Boston S. N. J?, x. p. 254. 
Hyphantes xanthomua, Cans. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 63. 
Agelseus xanthornus, Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 12. 

Glossy black; lesser wing-coverts yellow; bill and feet black: 
whole length. 7*8 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3-4. Female similar, but 
smaller, and wing-coverts sometimes mixed with black. 

Hab. Portorieo. 

The name clirysopterus cannot be conveniently nsed for this bird, 
as nnder his Agelaius clirysopterus Yieillot included Icterus cayanensis 
(Ibis, 1883, p. 359), and apparently also Ayelceus thilius. 
The name has consequently been applied to all these three species. 

a. Ad. sk Porto Rico (Bryant). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Porto Rico {Bryant). 
Porto Rico (Taylor). 
Porto Rico. 
Salvin-G-odman ColL 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk/ . <$ ad. sk. 
Porto Rico (Swift). 
Porto Rico (Bryant). 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Mrs. Bryant [P.]7. 
Agelseus thilius. 

Turdus thilius, Mol Hist. Nat. Chili, p. 345 (1782). 
Tordo negro cobijas amarillas, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 301. 
Xanthornus chrysocarpus, Vig. P. Z. S. 1832, p. 3. 
Agelaius thilius, Bp. Comp. i. p. 431; Scl. et Sate. Nomencl. p. 37; 


Burnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 159 (Buenos Ay res), 1877, p. 33 (Chupat). 

p. 174 (Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 394 (Chupat) ; Burm. La-Plata 
Beise, ii. p. 493; Cassin in Gilliss's U.S. Nav. Astr. Exp. ii. p. 179, 
t. 16. fig. 1; id. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 12 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 002 (Buenos Ayres); Sate. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 422 (Coquimbo); 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 424; Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 12. 
Agelasticus thilius, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 188; Scl P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 323 (Chili) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 136; Scl. et Sate. P. Z. S. 1869, 
p. 153 (S. Peru). 
Icterus clirysopterus, d'Orb. et Zafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 5, 
Agelasticus chrysapterus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 188. 
Cacicus chrysocarpus. Gay, Hist, de Chile, i. p. 345. 
Xanthornus cayanensis, Gay, op. cit. p. 346 (Chili). 
Xanthornus chrysopterus, Gould, Zool. Voy. * Beagle,1 Birds, p. 100. 
Agelaius xanthocarpus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 12. 
Black ; lesser upper and under wing-coverts yellow; bill and feet 
black: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3'6, tail 2-7. Female. Above 
pale brown striated with black; distinct superciliaries white; 
beneath paler, cineraceons white with black striations ; smaller, and 
bill shorter. 

Hab. S. Peru, Chili, Patagonia, Argentine Republic, and Paraguay. 

1CTERIDJE. 

344 

The form from the eastern side of the Andes (A. chrysomrpm) 
is rather smaller, and has been kept distinct by Cabanis and 
Cassin. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
Tungasuca, W. Peru (WMtely). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

a. <$ ad. sk. 
Chili. 
T. Bridges ~C.]. 

5, c. d 2 ad st. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d, e. $ jr. sk. Coquimho, Chili (Markham). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. 2 ad. sk. Chili (JReed). 
Sclater Coll. 

V, k <S 9 ad. sk Chill 

b. Subsp. chrysocarpa. 
a. <$ jr. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Burmeiste)*). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

b. c? ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leyhold). 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 

c. c? ad. sk. Vicinity of Buenos Ayres 
(Ilasiehurst). 
Sclater Coll. 

d. J 
ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres 
(Hudson). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. cJ ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (WJiite). 
H. Durnford XM. 
f. $ ad. sk. Punta Lara, Arg. Eep. 
H. Durnford "C.J. 
'ff. 9 ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. 

Purchased. 

h. 
5 ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia 
(Hudson). 
J. R. Pentland, EK?. 
i. <$ ad. sk. 
Bolivia. 
rP.". 

j. J ad. sk. S. America (Darwin). J. teould, Esq. 
7c. <$ ad. sk. S. America. Capt. Fitzrov and Sir 
W. Burnett [P.]. 
8. Agelseus imthurmi 
Thilius major, Bp. C. M. xxxvii. p. 833 (1853) ? 

Agelseus imthurmi, Scl P. Z. S. 1881, p. 213; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 13; 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 203; Salv. Ibis, 1865, p. 218; im 
Thurm, Indians of Guiana, p. 71, pi. a. 

Uniform black ; elongated axillaries yellow ; bill and feet black : 
whole length 10*4 inches, wing 5, tail 4*8. Female similar, but 
rather smaller. 

Hab. Int. British Guiana. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Kaieteur, Guiana (imThurm). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.)" 
b, c. d ad. sk.; d. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9 ad.sk. (WMtely). # 
e,f. 
<$ 9 ad.sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coil. 
(WMtely). 

g. 
9 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(JVJiitehj). 
9. Agelaeus cya&opm 
Tordj negro y vario, Azara, Apunf. L p. 313. 
Agelaius cyanopus, VieilL N. D. dl£ Nat xxxiv. p. .>>2; ul Em. 


12 . AGELJEUS. 
345 
Metli. p. 719; Marti Ind. Azara, p. 5; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 
1866, p. 12; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 196: Sol et Salv. Nomencl 

p. 37; Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 13, pi. i. 
Icterus cyanopus, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 5. 
Leistes unicolor, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 304 (1838). 
Uniform Mack; bill black; feet dark brown : whole length 7"5 

inches, wing 3-7, tail 3. Female. Above brown, with obscure 

black stiiations; below yellowish fulvous, with slight blackish 

stiiations ; crissum brown ; wings narrowly edged with rufous. 

Bab. South Brazil and Paraguay. 

a. <S ad. sk. Parana, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Aragua, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
c 
6 ad. sk.; d. <$ Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
jr.sk. 

e. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ad. st. Para (?). R. Graham [P.]. 
g, h. J ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
10. Agelseiis forbesi, sp. nov. 
Agelaius puvfculatus, Sw. An. in Men. p. 303 (?). 
Aphobus chopi ?, Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 339. 


Uniform black; feathers of head and neck lanceolate and with 
shining shafts; mesorhinium much flattened; tail very slightly 
rounded; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 3*9, 
tail 3*7. 

Bab. Pernambuco, Brazil. 

The typical specimen was obtained by Porhes near Pernambuco 
in 1881, and after cursory examination somewhat doubtfully referred 
to Aphobus chopi. It has, however, nothing to do with 
Aphobus^ having a perfectly straight culm en and the mesorhinium 
flattened, and must either be placed in Agelceus or in a genus by 
itself. It may possibly be the Agelceus pustulatus of Swainson, as 
the base of the lower mandible is bare and there are some slight 
indications on it of what might be termed " warts." But, on the 
other hand, the lores are feathered, and the bill does not at all 
agree with the outline given in Swainson's figure, so that unless 
Swainson's type can be found it would be unsafe to adopt his 
name. 

a. 
Jr.sk. Pernambuco (Forbes). Sclater Coll._ (Type 
of the species.) 
11. Agelseus icterocephalus. 
Oriolus icterocephalus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 163. 
Chxysomus icterocephalus, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 274; Bp. Consp. 
I p. 433 ; Sclater, P.Z.S. 1857, p. 18; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. 

iii. p. 681; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 281. 
Xanthosomus icterocephalus, Cab. Mm. Bein. i. p. 189 ; Scl Cat. A. 
B. p. 130; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 15 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 182 
(Ucayali), 1867, p. 573 (Lower Amazons) et p. 078 (Pebas), 
340 ICTE1UDJS. 

1889, p. 252 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 266 (Upp. Amazons) ; iid. 
Nomencl p. 37; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 84 (Trinidad) ; Wyatt, 
Ibis, 18717 p. 330 (Colombia) ; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 197 (Lower 
Amazons); Taca. Orn. Per. ii. p. 425. 

Leistes icterocephalus, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 570 (Trinidad) ; 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. PML 18(j6, p. 14. 
Yellow-headed Oriole, Lath. G. H. iii. p. 120. 

Black ; head and neck all round (except lores) bright yellow ; bill 
and feet black: whole length 0*7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2*9. 
Female. Above blackish; head olivaceous; superciliaries and body-
beneath yellowish; flanks and lower belly brownish. 

Bab. Northern S. America, from Colombia through Venezuela 
and Trinidad to the Guianas and Amazonia. 

a. S a(h gkb. 
(S jr. sk. 
George Town,
(Broion). 
George Town,
{Brown). 
Demerara 
Demerara 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. S ad. sk.
d. § ad. sk.
e. ad. sk,
/ . cf ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). 
Chamicuros, E. 
well). 
Peru (IlauxSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
g. $ ad. sk.
h. <$ jr. sk.; i. 
Bogota. 
J Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
j . $ jr. sk.* k. §
ad. sk. 
Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk.
m, n. § ad. sk.
o. <S ad. sk. 
Trinidad. 
Trinidad. 
South America. 
Sclater Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Purchased. 
12. Agelseus flavus. 

Oriolus flavus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 389; Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 179. 
Xanthornus flavus, Gould, Zool. Voy. L Beagle] iii. p. 107, pi. 4o; 

Hartl. Ind. Azara, p. 5. 
Chrysomus flavus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 431; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 207. 
Xanthosomus flavus, Bel. Cat. A. B. p. 137; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 16; 

3d. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1809, p. 032 (Buenos Ayreb); iid. Nomend. 

p. 37; JDumford, Ibis, 1878, p. 59. 
Icterus flavus, (VOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 5. 
Leistes flavus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1800, p. 14. 
Tordo cabeza amarilla, Azara, Apimt. i. p. 299. 
Psarocolius fla\iceps, Wagl. Syst. Av. Suppl. sp. 9. 
Chrysomus xanthopygius, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 345. 
Agelseus phoeniceus* White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 001 (pull.). 
Antiguan Yellow Oriole, Lath. G. S. iii. p. 134. 
Black; rump, bend of the wing, and body beneath bright yellow ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*2, 
Female. Above brown, slightly striated; eyebrows, rump, and body 
beneath yellowish; bill brown ; feet dark brown. 

Bab. Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Republic. 

a. $ ad. sk. Rio Grande (Plant). Sclater Coll. 
b,c. c? 2 ad. sk Maldonado (Darwin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
15 . AGELJSUR. 347 
d. 2 ad- sk.
e,f. 6 ad. sk.
g, h. 6 $ ad. sk.
i. <$ ad. fek.
j . Pull. sk.
k. cS ad. sk.
I. <3 ad. sk. 
Monte Video. 
Uruguay. 
Conehitas, Buenos Ayres(Hudson) 
Buenos Ayres (Hudson). 
Buenos Ayres (White), 
Aivear, Arg. Rep. 
S. America. 
Copt. Fitzroy [P 
Alan Peel [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
II. Dumford [0 
Purchased. 
.]. 
.]. 

13. Agelaeus frontalis. 
Agelaius frontalis, Vieill Kouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 545 ; id. Enc. Mith. 
ii. p. 717 (Cayenne). 
Chrysomus frontalis, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. p. 348, pi. 80; Burm. 
Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 207 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 431. 
Xanthosomus frontalis, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 189; Scl. Cat A. B. 

p. 136; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 16; Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. 37. 
Dolichonyx frontalis, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 17. 
Agelaius ruficollis, Siv. An. in Menag. p. 302. 
Dolichonyx ruficapillus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 199. 
Glossy black; crown of head, middle of throat, and fore neck 
chestnut; bill and feet black : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*7, 
tail 2*9. Female. Brown, striated with blackish; beneath paler 
and more finely striated; throat and breast washed with yellowish. 

Hah. Cayenne and Eastern Brazil. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil (Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. <$ ad. sk. Pernambuco,Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
/. 
(S jr. sk.$ g. $ BaMa, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 

h. 5 ad. sk. j BaMa, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. 
Jr. sk. 
j. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
'k. £ ad. sk. Brazil. M. Olaussen [P.], 
l,m. $ ad. sk. Brazil. R. Graham, Esq. 
[P.]. 

14. Agelaeus ruficapillus. 
Tordo corona de canela, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 315. 
Agelaius ruficapillus, Vieill. Nbuv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 536; id. Enc. 

Mith. ii. p. 712. 
Dolichonyx ruficapillus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 18G6, p. 17. 
Xanthosomus ruficapillus, Scl. et Salv. P.Z.S. 1809, p. 159 (Con


chitas) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 37; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 002 (Arg. 

Eep.) ; Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 17. 
Trupialis ruficeps, Mensem, Ersch u. Grub. Enc. xv. p. 282 (1826). 
Chrysomus frontalis, Hartl. Ind. Azara, p. 5; Burm. La-Plata 

lieise, ii. p. 492. 

Similar to A. frontalis, but the chestnut on the head and throat of 
a more brownish tinge, and not so far extended below. 
Hub. Paraguay and Argentine Republic. 

348 ICTEBID-E. 

I have only one immature skin of this species before me, but I 
believe it to be really distinct. 

a. <j jr. Paraguay (?). Selater Coll. 
13. LEISTES. Tjp & 
Leistes, Sw. Zool Jburn. ii. p. 191 (1826J.. L. guianensis. 
The two nearly allied species which form this group come very near 
Agelceus in structure, while they closely imitate the Lark-like genus 
Triipialis in plumage. The chief point of difference from Athens 
appears to lie in the shorter tail, in which the shafts of the 
feathers are slightly denuded at the tips and somewhat spiny. 

1. Leistes gmsmeiisis, 
Oriolus guianensis et Tartagra militaris, Linn. S. X. I. pp. 102, 3113. 
Oriolus axnericanus, Orn. 8. JV. i. p. &#>. 
Agelaius militaris, VieilL Gal Ois. £ p. 128, pi. &*. 
Triipialis guianensis; Bp. Camp. I p. 4*il>; iterwi. %#t Uek iii. 


p. 260. 
(Para) et p. 750 (Xeberos), 180(1, p. Sri (Venezuela), I»7#, p. #J7 
(Xeberos); w& Nomencl p. 3^; kkikmf Ii %.*%*. 1*70, pp. 170, 
191 (Veragua); Fiyi&cJt, P. X *Sf. 1870, p. 570 (Trinidad;; Zayard, 
Ibis, 1873, p. 381 (Para); ZVKB. Or». PA-. ii. p. 4i7;' &fo. Mist 
1885, p. 218 (Brit. Guian.). 

Leistes militaris, Cassin, Pr. Ac, Sc. PML 1806, p. 14. 
Leistes erythrothorax, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 1117 (1871); *&£ «l &ifo. 
JYomencl. p. 38. 

Brownish black; bend of the wing and body beneath down to 
the middle of the belly scarlet; bill black; feet clear brown; whole 
length 6-5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*3. Female* Above \mh brown, 
variegated with black; beneath pale brown, tinged with scarlet on 
the middle of the belly; flanks, lower belly, and crissuiD with 
black striations ; tail pale cinereous brown, with Mack cross bands. 

Hab. Veragua, and southwards over Colombia, Venezuela, 
Trinidad, Gniana, and Amazonia. 

a, I. $ ad. sk. • c, Mirta Chorcha, Chlriq*4 Salvin-Godman Cull. 
d. J ad. sk.
e. d1 ad. sk. 
Veragua (Arce). 
Panama (McLeannan). Salrin-Godman Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk.
g. <S ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sir. 
Guayaquil. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Cap t EelMt md L t 
Wood [P.]. 
SaZvin-Uodznan Coll 
Sriater Coll 
t,/.( ? fgad.sk. Bogota. Ptudbaaad. 
*, I <J $ ad. sk. Trinidad. SeXatar Coll 
«2)». c? $ ad. sk, Roraima, Brit.
(Whitety). 
Guiana SaMn-Godmao Coll. 

14 . JANTHGCEPEULUS. 
349 

o. 9 ad. $k. George Town, Brit Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Brotcn). 
p. 
Ad. st Brit. Guiana. Chev. Scliomburgk 
[P.], 
q. d ad. sk. CWnne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. J ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
s.t. 
<$ 2 ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wallace). 
M. d ad. sk. Kio Madeira (batterer). Sclater Coll. 
27. J ad. sk. Cayutaba, Brazil (Katterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Typical specimens of L. erythrothorax.) 
ir. Ad. «.t. Brazil. " J. Gould, Esq. 
j". Jr. *t. S. America. Purcliased. 

2. Leistes superciliaris. 
Tordo degollado tereero, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 309. 
Leistes americanus, Harfl St/st. Bid. Az. p. 5. 
Trupialis superciliaris, Bp. Camp. i. p. 430. 
Leistes superciliaris, ScL Cat. A. B. p. 138; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 22; Set. 


et Hah. P. Z. S. 18U8, p. 140 (rep. Arg.), 1879, p. 608 (Bolivia); 
iid. Xomencl. p. 38; Camn, Br. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 14 ; Hudson, 
RZ.S. 1*70,*. 333 (rep. Arg.); White, B.Z.S. 1882, p. 602 
(rep. Arg.) ; Burnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 175 (Buenos Ayres) ; Forbes, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 339 (Pernambuco). 

Brownish black; superciliaries pale brown ; bend of tbe wing and 
body beneath from tbe chin to tbe middle of tbe belly bright scarlet; 
bill black; feet clear brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 4, 
tail 2*5. Female. Pale brown, above variegated with black, below 
stained with red on the breast; flanks and lower belly striated with 
black ; tail cinereous brown, with black cross bars. 

Hah. Argentine Republic, Bolivia, and Brazil as far north as 

Pernambuco. 

a. cf ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
k <$ ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Sclater Coll. 
efd. <$ 2 ad- sk. Punta Lara, Arg. Rep. H. Durnford [C.]. 

e. 6 ad. sk. Bolivia (?). 
Sclater Coll. 
f. d ad. sk. Caieara, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*//. cf ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
"L <J ad. sk.; », Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. J ad.sk.; 
k. $ jr. sk. 
I Ad. sk. Pernambuco. Purchased. 
m. Jr. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
n. Ad. st S. America. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.] 
14. XANTHOCEPHALUS. . 
Type. 
Xanthocephalus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 431 (1850) X. icterocephalus. 
This is a peculiar form, which, although allied to Agelceus, seems 

quite entitled to stand alone on account of its longer tarsi, large feet, 
lengthened claws, and nearly square tail. 

350 
ICTERIDJE. 

Xanthocephalus is confined to the western prairies of North 
America, ranging far north in summer, and descending in winter to 
Central and Western Mexico. It breeds in reed-beds in the marshes 
of the prairie districts, making a cup-shaped nest and laying five or 
six spotted eggs. 


1. XanthGcephalus longipes. 
Icterus icterocephalus, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 27, pi. 3. figs. 1, 2 (err.). 
Ageing us icterocephalus, Cab. Mus. Uei/i. i. p. 188. 
Icterus xanthoceplmlus, Bp. Jour. Acad. Philad. v. p. 223 (1820). 
Agelaius xanthocephalus, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 231 ; Cassin, Pr. 


Ac. Se. Phil. 1836, p. 11. 
Agelaus longipes, Siv. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 430. 
Psarocolius per&picillatus, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 7»53. 
Xanthocephalus perspicillatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 431. 


•^ 
Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. -331; Scl. P. Z. S. 
1804, p. 175 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 136 ; Scl. et Sah\ Xomt-jicl. 
p. 37; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 492 (Texas) ; Coues, Key, p. lo(J, 
ed. 2, p. 404; id. B. N.-W. p. 188; Baird, Breiu./et Bidr/w. 
K A. B. ii. p. 107; Poey, Pep. F.-X i. p. 288 (Cuba); Cooper, 
B. Calif, p. 207. 
Xanthocephalus longipes, Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 14. 
Dull black ; whole head all round (except the lores) with fore neck 
and breast orange-yellow; patch at the base of the feathers of the 
crissum yellow; conspicuous patch on the upper wing-coverts 
white: bill and feet black; whole length 9 inches, wing 5-5, 
tail 3*8. Female. Smaller and more brown in tint; the yellow 
colour much duller and confined to the superciliaries, sides of the 
head, and breast; no white patch on the wing. 

Hal. Prairies of North America from California and the Sas


katchewan down to Southern Mexico. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Arctic America. Capt. Sir G. Back, R.N. 
[P.Jb. 
S ad. sk. Norty-ninth Parallel, N.A. N.A.Bound.Comm.fP.]. 
c. d. <$ $ ad. sk. 
FortDufferin, N.A. N.A. Bound.Conim.FP.l 
e. d ad. sk. Hudson's Bay. Capt. B. Herd [P.l 
/. d" ad. sk. Arctic America. Sir J. Richardson [P.]. 
g1 k £ 2 ad.sk. Pembina, Dakotah (Coues). U.S. Nat. Mus. [P?]. 
W-d 2 ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Code). Sclater Coll. 
k. 
<$ ad. sk. Fort Laramie, U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Cooper). 
I. § jr. sk. Arizona (Hot/track). U.S. Nat. Mus. 
m. <$ jr. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coil. 
w, o. S S ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
$ ad.sk. Valley of Mexico {Ze Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Strange). 
16. AMBLYRHAMPHITS. 
Type. 

Amblyrhamphus, Leach, Zool Misc. i. p. 82 (1814) .. A. holosericeus. 

Amblyrkynchus (err.), G. R. Gray, List of Genera, 

1840, p. 41 
, A. holosericeus. 

This is another monotypic form, restricted to the pampas of South 

1 0. PSETJDOLEISTES. 
351 

America, and remarkable for the widened chisel-like apex of its 
straight strong bill. It breeds in the reed-beds of the swamps, 
and lays four eggs, pale blue spotted with black (cf. Hudson, 

P.Z.S. 1870, p. 114). 
1. AniMyrhamphtis Mosericeus. 
Le Troupiale rouge, Sonn. Toy. N. G. i. p. 113. 

Xanthomus holosericeus, Scop. Bel. Faun, et Fl. Ins. ii. p. 88 (1786). 

Amblyrhamphus holosericeus, Ha Hi. Si/st. Ind. Az. p. 5; Cab. Mm. 

Hem. i. p. 190; 8cl. Cat. A. J?, p. 107 ; id. Ibis, ]884, p. 18 ; 8cL et 
8ah\ P Z. 8. 1809, pp. 161, 632 (Buenos Ayres); iid. Nomencl 

p. 37 : Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 114; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 174 
(Buenos Ayres) ; Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 18 (Buenos Ayres) : White, 
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 002 (Buenos Ayres). 
Sturnella holosericea, Cass. Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1806, p. 25. 
Oriolus ruber, Gm. 8. JST. L p. 388 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 179. 
Tordo negro cabeza roxa, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 316, 
Agelaius ruber, Vieill. K. D. xxxiv. p. 553. 
Sturnella rubra, Vieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 635. 
Amblyrarnphiis Tricolor, Leach, Zool. Misc. L p. 82, pi. 36; $ Orb. et 
Lafr. Syn. ii. p. 8. 
Stum as pyrrkocephalus, Licht. Doubl. p. 18. 
Amblyrhamphus ruber, Bp. Consp. i. p. 429; Burin. Si/st. TJeb. iii. 

p. 203 ; id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 491; Darw. Zool. Toy. ' Beagle,1 
iii. p. 109. 
Japus rubricapilitis, Merrem, Ersch u. Gmb. Enc. xv. p. 281. 
Black; whole head and neck all round and ripper breast and thighs 
scarlet; bill and feet black: whole length 9*5 inches, wing 4*5, 
tail 4. Female similar. Young uniform blackish. 

Hah. Paraguay, Argentine Republic, and Uruguay. 

a. $ ad. sk. * S. America. Laugier Coll. 
b. S jr. st. S. America. Purchased. 
c. d. $ $ ad. sk. Uruguay. A. Peel [O.]. 
e. J jr. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay. A. Peel [O.]. 
/, g. <$ ad. et jr.. sk. Vicinity of Buenos Ayres Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
(Haslehurst). 

h. $ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson), 
h /. 6 ? ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Sclater Coll. 
h] L cS $ ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Zool. Soc. Coll. 


16. PSEUJDOLEISTES. Type> 
Pseudoleiates, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 137 (1862) P. guirahuro. 
Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the Argentine Republic 

are the home of the two nearly allied species of Pseud oleistes, 

distinguished by their rather lengthened sharp-pointed bill and 

flattened mesorhinium. 

Pseudoleistes nests in reed-beds like most of the Agelcei, and lays 

white eggs spotted with purplish red (cf Durnford, Ibis, 1878, 

p. 59). 
352 ICIERID-E. 
KeA. Hinder back yellowB. Hinder back browny to the Species. 
. 1. guirahuro, p. 352. 
2. virescens, p. 352. 

1. Pseudoleistes guirahuro. 
Tordo guirahuro, Azara, Apnnt. i. p. 291. 
Agelaius guirahuro, VieilL Nouv. Diet xxxiv. p. 545 ; id. JEnc. Meth. 


p. 717. 
Icterus guirahuro, cV Orb. et Lqfr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 4. 
Icterus dominicensis, LicM. Doubl. p. 19. 
Leistes suchii, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 192, pi. suppl. x. 
Xanthornus gasqiiet, Q. et G. Voy. Uran., Zool. p. 110, pi. 24. 
Leistes oriolides, Sio. An. in Me nay. p. 303. 
Leistes viridis, Hartl. Syst. Ind. Azara, p. 5; Bp. Consp. i. p. 436 ; 
Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 189; Burm. Syst Ueb. iii. p. 204; Cassin, Pr. 
Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 14; Bernhardt, Fuglef. Bras. Camp. p. 205. 
Pseudoleistes viridis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 137"; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 19; 
Sel. et Solo. Nomencl. p. 37; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 198. 
Icterus atro-olivaeeus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1216. 

Above dark olive-brown, lower back and lesser wing-coverts 
bright yellow: below bright yellow; throat and breast blackish 
brown like the body above; under wing-coverts yellow ; bill black ; 
feet dark brown: whole length 9-5 inches, wing 4*6, tail 3*8. 
Female similar. 

Hah. South Brazil, Paraguay, and Corrientes. 

a. Ad. sk. South America. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Pseudoleistes virescens. 
Tordo Dragon, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 296. 
Agelaius virescens, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 543; id. Bine. Meth. 


p. 716. 
Leistes virescens, Hartl. Syst. Ind. Az. p. 5 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 190; 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1866, p. 15. 
Icterus virescens, cPOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 4. 
Icterus anticus, Licht. Doubl. p. 19. 
Leistes anticus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 436; Darwin, Zool. 'Beagle,' iii. 

p. 107; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 265. 
Pseudoleistes virescens, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 137; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 20 ; Scl. 
et Sab. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 140 (Buenos Ayres); iid. Nomencl p. 37 : 
Hudson, P.Z.S. 1870, p. 549, et 1874, p. 156,-Zee, Ibis,'187S, 

p. 132 (Buenos Ayres); Dumford, Ibis, 1877, p. 175, et 1878, 
p. 59 (Buenos Ayres) ; Gibson] Ibis, 1880, p. 31; White, P. Z, S. 
1882, p. 602 (Punta Lara). 
Above and below dark olive-brown ; lesser upper wing-coverts, 
under wing-coverts, and middle of the abdomen yellow ; bill black ; 
feet dark brown: whole length 9*5 inches, wing 4*6, tail 3*8. 
Female similar. Young. Not so dark brown, and with a yellowish 
patch on the throat. 

17. NESOPSAR.
Hah. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the Argentine 
Republic. 

Easily distinguished from the preceding species by the absence of 
the yellow rump, and by the brown flanks, the yellow colour below 
being confined to the middle of the abdomen and the under wing-

coverts. 
a, b. Ad. et jr. sk. Lago dos Patos, Rio Grande Salvin-Godman Coll. 
do Sul, Brazil (Rogers). 
c. Ad. sk. South Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.]. 
/ . $ jr. sk. Puuta Lara, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{White), 
(j. $ jr. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(White). 
h. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehurst): Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehurst). Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. La Plata. Cant. Burnett and Sir 
J. Fitzroy [P.]. 
k. Ad. sk. La Plata. M. Bravard [P.]. 
/, m. Ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 

17. NESOPSAR. 
Type. 
Nesopsar, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 457 N. nigerrimus. 

Head of Nesopsar nigerrimus (P. Z. S. 1861, p. 75). 

In my recent review of the Icteridce (Ibis, 1884, p. 14) I have 
followed Cassin in uniting this form to Agelcms. A careful examination 
has convinced me that I was wrong in doing this. Besides 
the much elongated and pointed bill and flattened mesorhinium, 
Nesopsar is peculiar for its short squared tail and short stout tarsi, 
indicating a more arboreal habit, and must, I think, stand alone, 
though I am not at all sure that this is the best position for it. 
Nesopsar is, so far as is yet known, restricted to Jamaica. 

1. Nesopsar nigerrimus. 
Icterus nigerrimus, Osburn, Zoologist, 1859, p. 6662. 
Nesopsar nigerrimus, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 457; id. P. Z. S. 1861, 

p. 74; id. Cat. A. B. p. 139 ; Scl. et Salv. Noniencl. p. 38. 
VOL. xi. 2 A 
354 
ICTEEIBJE. 

Agelaius nigerrimus, Casnn, Pr. Ac. Sk. Phil. 1860, p. 12; Peheln} 
Bis, 1873; p. 28; ScL Ibis, 1884; p. 14. 

Uniform black, with slight purplish lustre : wings and tail black ; 
tail square; tarsi short and thick: whole length 3 inches, wing 4, 
tail 2-8. Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Bab. Jamaica. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Jamaica (Oshtrn). Selater CMIL (Tyjeof 
the ppf*cips. I 
b,c. (S $ ad. sk. Jamaica. Selater Coll. 


d. S ad. sk. Jamaica { Oshurn). P. L.Sclat*-r, E^f. "T.\ 
e. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Obhurn). Salvin-Godmaii C* 11. 
is. cuEanors. 

Tjpa 
Cuweus, JSW. CW. -4. B. p. 139 (1862) C. at* rriiui>. 
The much elongated and pointed fill, with the flattened mehorhi


nium and lanceolated head-feathers, distinguish this xnonotypic form, 
which is peculiar to Chili and Patagonia. 

1. Cursens aterrimns. 
Tnrdus cuweus, Mol Hist. Nat Chili, p. 343 (17*21, 
Sturnus aterrimus, Kitil Mhn. Ac. A/. Pit. lrilo, p. 4<»7, pL 2. 
Leistes niger, Sw.An. in Menag. p. 304 {18#M, 
Leistes curaeus, Ca5. Mm, Mem. L p. If 0; Oi«, IV. ^Ir. #r. JftiT, 


1866, p. 15. 
Psarocolius curarns, J?jp. Comp. i. p. 425; €tmmn7 OUlMs T. S*A*trm 
Exp. ii. p. 178, pi. xv. 

Curseus aterrimus, ScL Cat. A. B. p. 139; id. Ik\ Jf^4» P. 21 ; &L 
etSah. Ibis, 1869, p. 283 (Cape Negro, Patagonia): & k I t Z. & 
1883, p. 423 (Chili). 

Uniform black, with lighter shaft-stripes above and slight metallic 
reflections; feathers of head lanceolate and rather rigid ; bill and 
feet black: whole length 11 inches, wing 5-4, tail 4-5. Female 
similar. 


Hub, Chili and Western Patagonia down to Magellan Straits, 

a. Ad. &t. Chili. 
Mrs. Graham fP.\ 
b. Ad. sk. Chili. 
T. Bridges [C.J-" 
c. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Lordu €\tinitilwiciti«% of 
the Admiralty P.\ 

a. Ad. sk. Chili. Capt. King [P.J, " 
e,f. Ad. sk. Chili. Selater Colt 
r/. S ad. sk. Chili (Ojpfc Markhmn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
A. <J ad. sk. Chili. Salvin-Godmaii foil. 
%. S ad. sk. True Bay, Patagonia. Br. Coppinger [P.]. 
j. 
Ad. sk. True Bay, Patagonia Salvin-Godman foil 
{Dr. Copiringer), 
h. 
d1 ad. sk. Gray Harbour, Patagonia. 'Ghalkugw'Esp. 
6 p. sk. Straits of Magellan. SalvLo-Godman Coll. 
STTIRN'EUJK^. 
35 5 

Subfamily III. STURNELLIN^E. 

Structure of Stumella. 

Under this heading I follow Dr. Coues in separating two forms 

of the Agelmnce that present an extraordinary mimetic resem


blance to the Larks. They are at once recognizable by their flat


tened mesorhinium, elongated outer secondaries, acute rectrices, and 

large strong feet, which adapt them for their purely terrestrial 
habits. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Culmen slightly rounded anteriorly ; prevailing 
colour red 10. TBUPIALIS, p. 356. 
llmrn flattened throughout; prevailing 
colour yellow 
20. STURNELLA, p. 358. 
2A 2 

ICTEKID^l. 

19. TEUPIALIS, 
Type. ^ 

Txupialis, Bp. Co?isp. I p. 429 (1850) .... . T. militaris. 

Pezites, Cab. Mus. Hem. i. p. 191 (1851) T. militaris. 

The Bed-breasted Ground-Starlings of the Patagonian Snbregion 

fall into three forms, which are sufficiently distinct to he recogni


zable as species. They are said to resemble Sturnella in habits as 

in form. The nest is built amongst long grass or rushes—an open 

structure: the eggs three in number (cf. Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. loS). 

Range. Western Ecuador, Western Peru, Chili, Patagonia, and 
Argentine Eepublic. 


Key to the Species, 

A. 
Under wing-coverts white: 
j bill longer 1. militarise p. 336. 
I bill shorter 2. bellicosa, p. 357. 
B. Under wing-coverts black 3. dejilippii, p. 357. 
1. Trupialis militaris. 
Sturnns militaris, Linn. Mantissa, p. 527 (1771); P. L. S. Mull. 
Natursyst. Supply. 138 (1776); Lath. Inch OrnA. p. 32*3 (1790). 
Sturnns loyca, MoL Chili, ed. i. p. 345 (17b2); Gnu & JVT. i. p. t04; 

Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 325. 
Etournean des terres Magellaniques, Daub. PI JBnh 113. 
Sturnns albifloras, Bodd. Tail d. PL JSnl. p. 7. 
Sturnella militaris, Vieill Enc. Meth. p. G;i5 ; Gould, P. Z. & 18"/Jf 

p. 94; 8d. et Salv. NbmencL p. 38; Sclater, P.Z. S. 3800, p. && 
(Falklands), 1867, p. 323 (Chffi), 1868, p. 529 (Falfctends); td. 
Cat. A. B. p. 138 ; Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 153 (FalHands); Camn, 
Pr. Actio. Phil. 1806, p. 24; Hudson, P.Z, S. 1872, p. 548 (rep. 
Arg.) j Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 33, et 1878, p. 394 (Chupat). 
Pe2ites loyea, tab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 191. 
Trupialis militaris, Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 429; Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 23; Taes. 
Orn. Pit. ii. p. 428. 
Magellanic Stare, Lath. G. H. v. p. 8. 

Above brown, especially on the head and back, variegated with. 
black; superciliaries in front of the eye red, behind the eye white : 
below black; throat, middle of the neck, breast, and upper belly 
scarlet; sides of belly and crissum with brownish edgings to the 
black feathers; under wing-coverts white ; bend of the wing red ; 
slight rictal stripe white; bill horn-colour; feet brown: whole 
length 10 inches, wing 4-7, tail 3*6. Female similar. Yvung, with 
little or no red on the breast. 

Eab. Chili, Patagonia, and Ealkland Islands. 

a. <J ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). SaMn-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll." 
d. $ ad. sk. Chili (Marhham). Salvin-Oodinan Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Coquinabo, Chili {Marhham). Salvin-Godman Coll* 
/. Ad. sk.; g. Jr. sk. East Falkland Island. The Admiralty [P.l1 
h Ad. sk.; i. Jr. sk. Ealkland Islands (Leconte). Salvin-Clodman Coil! 
19. TRUPIALIS.
j. Ad. sk.; k. Jr. sk. Falkland Islands (Leconte). Sclater CoU. 
/. Ad. sk. Beckett Harbour, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [P.]. 
m. Ad. sk.; n, Jr. sk. Straits of Magellan. Capt. King [P.]. 
o. $ ad. sk. Chupa-t, Patagonia, H. Dumford [C.]. 
2. TmpiaHs hellicosa. 
Trupialis Iovca, Bp. Camp, i. p. 420; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 323 

{tumbez^ 18*0, p. 500 fX Peru). 
Pezites brevirostris, Cab. 31ns. Rein, i. p. 191 (1851). 
Stnrnella bellico^a, Be Filippu Cat Mm. Medial p. 32 (1846) ; 

Sclafer, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 455.552, et I860, p, 277 (Ecuador), 1869, 

p. 147 (Lima) ; id. Cat A. B. p. 133; Scl et Sab. P. Z. S. 1807, 
p. O'so >Arequipa), 18(58, p. 569 (Peru); iid. Nomencl p. 38; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 523 (Lima); 8ah: P. Z. S.1883, p. 423 (Payta) j 
P«-/. <?f 7Vws. P. Z & 1883, p. 552 (Guyaquil). 
Stnrnella loyca, Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil 1866, p. 25. 
Leistes albipos, Phil, ef Lamdh. Wieqm. Arch. f. N. 1803, pt. L p. 128. 
Trapiaiis bellicosa, Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 24; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 429. 

Similar to T. militaris, but with a shorter bill, the red breast not 
extending so far dawn, and with paler feet. 
Hah. Western Ecuador and Peru. 

a. $ ad. sk.; Cuunca, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
b. c? F- **k. 
<\ Ad. t*k. Cuenoa, Ecuador (Burhley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. *k. Babahoyo, Ecuador {Fraser). Sclater Coll 
c. Ad. sk. Puna I., Gulf of Guayaquil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Buckley).

/. Ad. sk Puna I.T Gulf of Guayaquil Sclater Coll. 

(Buckley). 

g. Jr. sk. Guyaquil. 
Capt. Kellett and Lt. 
Wood f R]. 
It. $ jr. sk. Lima, Peru {Nation). Sclater Coll 


i. <J ad. sk; Payta, Peru (MarMam). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 2 jr- sk. 
Ar, /. d ? ad. sk. Arequipa, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitehj). 

m. Ad* sk. Arequipa, Peru. H. WMtely [C.]. 
3. Trupialis defilippii 
Trupialis defilippii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 429; Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 24. 
Sturnella militaris, Be Filippi, Cat. Mm, Mediol p. 32; Sah. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 422. 
Trupialis militaris, Burm. Syst TIeb. iii. p. 261; id. La-Plata Beise, 

ii. p. 490. 
Pezites militaris, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 191. 
Sturnella defilippii, Set Cat A. B. p. 138; Scl. et Sdtv. P. Z. S.1869, 
p. 161 (rep. Arg.); iid. Nomencl p. 38. 
Like T. militaris, but rather smaller, and with the under wing-
coverts black. 
Hah. 
Argentine Republic and Uruguay. 
a<^*s^*


«i %* d 2 "Vicinity of Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(HaSUhurst). 

ICIEEnXSE. 

;r>8 

c d S ad. '*• Argentine Republic. Sclater Coll. 

e. Jr t*k. Monte Video. Sclater Coll. 
f, #. Ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
20. STURHELLA. Type > 
Sturnella, Vie ill Analyse, p. 34 (1816) S. ludoviciana. 
Pedopbaria, Gloyer, Ilandb. p. 292 (1842) S. ludoviciana. 

The northern yellow form of the Sturnellince is extended over a 
wide area, embracing the whole of North America with the exception 
of the Arctic Region, Cuba, and Central America, as also the grassy 
llanos of Colombia, Venezuela, and Guiana. It varies much according 
to locality in size and in minor particulars of colour, but seems 
to present only one specific type. 

1. Sturnella magna. 
Alauda magna, Linn. S. N. i. p. 289. 
Sturnella magna, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 535; Caws, Key K A. B. 
(1884) p. 406; id, B. A7".-IF. p. 100; Baird, Brew., et Ridyw. 

N. A. B. ii. p. 174. 
Cacicus alaudarius, Band. Tr. tTOm. ii. p. PjQo (1800). 
Sturnus ludovicianus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 290; Gm. 8. 2V. L p. 802; 
Lath. Ind. Oni. i. p. 323. 
Sturnella ludoviciana, Stu. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 282; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 429; Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 192; ScL P. Z. S. 1856, p. 29 
(Bogota) et p. 142 (David); id. Ibis, 1861, p. 178 (England), et 
1884, p. 25 ; Sah. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 142 (Veragua); id. Ibis, Ibbo, 
p. 219 (Brit. Guiana); ScL et Sale. KomencL p. 38 ; Later. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 104 (Costa Rica) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. lb(5G, 
p. 23 ; Sah. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201 (Santa Marta) ; Boucard, 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 446 (Yucatan)^ 
Sturnella collaris, Vieill. Gal. Ois. L p. 134, pL 90. 
Sturnella neglecta, And. B. Am. vii. p. 339, t. 487 (1843); Sc!aferf 
Ibis, 1861, p. 179; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 492 (Texas) ; Cassin, Pr. 
Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 23; Cooper, B. Cal p. 270. 
Sturnella magna, var. neglecta, Cows, Key Is. A. B. (1884), p. 406 ; 

id. B. K-W. p. 190; Baird, Brew., et Ridyw. JSl A. B. ii. p. 176. 
Sturnella ludoviciana neglecta, ScL Ibis, 1884, p. 25. 
Sturnus hippocrepis, Way!. Isis, 1832, p. 281. * 
Sturnella hippocrepis, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 2&>; ScL 

P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 30, 301,1859,pp. 58, 365, 381 (Guatemala); id. 
Ibis, 1861, p. 179; id. Cat. A. B. p. 139; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1859, 
p. 19, et 1860, p. 34 (Guatemala) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. PML 1866, 
p. 24; Gundl. J. f. 0.1856, p. 14, 1861, pp. 332,413,1862, p. 189, 
1871, p. 276,1874, p. 133,- Mnsch,P. Z.S. 1870, p. 575 (Trinidad). 
Sturnella magna, var. hippocrepis, Baird, Brew., et Ridyw. N. A. B. 

ii. p. 172. 
Sturnella ludoviciana hippocrepis, ScL Ibis, 1884, p. 25. 
Sturnella mexicana, Scl Ibis, 1861, p. 179; id. Cat. A. B. p. 139; id. 
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 175 (Mexico); Lawr. Ann. hue. N. Y. viii 
p. 176 (Veragua). 
Sturnella magna, var. mexicana, Baird, Brew., et Ridaw, N. A B 
ii. p. 172 ; Coues, B. N.-W. p. 190. 
Sturnella ludoviciana mexicana, ScL Ibis, 1884, p. 26. 
Sturnella magna mexicana, Coues, Key N. A. B. (1884) p. 406. 
20. STUR^ELLA. 
359 

Stumella nieridionalis, Sol Ibis, 1861, p. 179; id. Cat. A. B. p. 130 j 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela); Pete. Orn. Bras. 
p 198 (Rio Brancho) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1806, p. 24. 

Stumella magna, var. meridionals, Baird, Brew., et Pidgw. N. A. B. 

ii. p. 172; Coues, B. iY.-TF. p. 191. 
Stumella ludoviciana meridionalis, Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 26. 
Lousiane Stare, Lath. G. IT. v. p. 6. 
Above brown, variegated with black and pale buff; bead blackish, 
with a distinct median btripe and supereiliaries pale buff; the 
superciliaries in front of the eye and bend of the wing yellow: 
below bright yellow, with a well-defined black gorget more or less 
enlarged on the middle of the breast; flanks and crissum pale buff 
striated with black; under wing-coverts white; bill horn-colour, 
paler at the tip; feet clear brown: whole length 9 inches, wing 
4-5, tail 3. Female similar, but smaller and not quite so bright. 

Hah. Grassy plains of America, from the Saskatchewan down to 
Colombia and Guiana ; also Cuba. 

The " Meadow-Lark," as the Americans call the Stumella, 
occupies an extensive range in the New World, occurring wherever 
prairies or such-like open spaces suitable to its terrestrial habits are 
met with, from the Dominion of Canada down to Colombia and 
Guiana. It has been divided into five subspecies, amongst which 
many less marked and mere local varieties are to be found. But 
so much individual variation occurs that it would be very difficult, if 
not in impossible in some cases, to refer specimens to their correct 
subspecies without previous knowledge of their locality. 

The five subspecies under which I have arranged the Sturnellce 
are:— 

1. Subsp. typica, of the Eastern United States. Generally the 
largest form, and with a wide black throat-gorget. 
2. Subsp. neglecta, of the Western United States and Canadian 
North-west, Very nearly similar, but generally paler, and said to be 
different in habits and song. 
$. Subsp. mexiccuia, of Mexico and Central America down to 
Yeragua. Smaller, and with the black throat-gorget narrow. 

4. Subsp. liippocrepis, from Cuba; like Si. meccicana, but still 
smaller. 
5. Subsp. meridionalis, from Colombia and Guiana. Almost as 
large as St. magna typica, but with a narrow throat-gorget and 
shorter wings. 
a. Subsp. typica. 
a. Ad. sk. N. America. Hardwicke Bequest. 
b. Jr. st.
c Ad. sk.
L 8 ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
a Ad. sk.
h Ad. sk. 
N. America. 
Washington, D.C. (Falls). 
District of Colombia {Bean). 
New York (Koebele). 
Illinois, U. S. A. (Peed). 
Illinois, U. S. A. (Code). 
South Chicago, III, U. S. A. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
U. S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
U. S. Nat. Mus. [P.], 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
RJB.Sharpe,Esq. [P."|. 
B.JB.Sharpe,Esq. [P.]. 
i Ad.sk.
(Coale). 
United States (Bell). Sclater Coll. 

360 

a. Ad. sk. 
k Ad. sk. 
c. <5 ad. sk. 
d. Jr. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/. Jr. sk. 
g. Ad.; h. Jr. sk. 
V. Ad. sk. 
/. Ad. sk. 

A;. Ad. sk. 

I Pull. st. 

w. $ jr. sk. 
a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/. c? ad. sk. 
ffj h. Ad. sk. 

V. c? ad. sk. 
jj k. c$ ad. sk. 

7. Ad. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
o. tf ad. sk. 
p. <J ad. sk. 
#. Ad. sk. 
a-c. Ad. sk. 
<?. c? ad. sk. 

e. Ad. sk. 
a, b. $ ad. sk. 

c. Ad. sk. 
rf. Ad. sk. 
e, f. <$ $ ad. sk. Caripg, Venezuela (Goering).

#. Ad. sk.; Trinidad. 

h. Jr. sk. 
*;/ 
6 $ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana 
(WMtehj).

&. Ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely). 

ICTEBID-ZB. 

b. Subsp. neglecta. 
Western America. 
Petaluma, Oal. (Samuels). 
Northern California {Towns


end). 

Vancouver Island. 
San Juan Uand, N. A. 
San Juan Island, N. A. 
West slope, Boeky Mountains. 
Forty-ninth Parallel. 


North Pacific E. E. (Cooper), 
Scratching Biver. 
Dakotah (Coues). 
Colorado (Baiby). 
Eio Grande (Br. Butcher). 


c. Subsp. mexicana. 
N. Mexico. 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). 
Near City of Mexico. 
Mexico (Botteri). 
Ciudad Durango, Mexico 
(Forrer). 
South Mexico (Salle). 
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Pine ridge of Poetum, Guate


mala (Salvin). 
Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
San Jos6, CostaEica (Calleja). 
Volcan de Cartago, Costa Itica 

(Arce). 
Irazu, Costa Eica (Rogers). 
Castillo, Veragua (Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arc£)t 


S. slope of volcano of 
Chiriqui (ArcS). 
d. Subsp. hijcfpocrepis. 
San Cristobal, Cuba. 
Cuba. 
Cuba (de Saussure). 

e. Subsp. meridionalis. 
San Sebastian, Sierra Nevada. 
U. S. C. (Simons). 
Interior of Colombia. 
Bogota. 
E. Geogr. Soc. [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
U. S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
U. S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
Dr. Lvall [P.]. 
U. S.'Nat Mus. [P.l. 
J. K. Lord, Esq. [C.]. 
N. A. Bound. Comm. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

N. A. Bound. Survey. 
U. S. Nat Mus. [P.]. 
U. S. Nat. Mus. [P.l 
U. S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
"Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coil. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman ColL 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL» 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater ColL 


Salvin-Godman ColL 


Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater ColL 


Salvin-Godman ColL 


Sclater Coll. 


21 . GYMNOMYSTAX 
Subfamily IV. ICTERIN7E. 

The Ieterinm, or Bang-nests, as it is better to call them, instead of 
using the incorrect term of Oriole, applied to this group by the 
Americans, contain some of the most brilliantly coloured birds of 
the American ornis. The bright yellow and orange of their plumage 
are, as a rule, relieved only by black and white. In contrast to the 
two preceding subfamilies, the Ilaug-nosts are essentially arboreal in 
their habits, seeking fruit and insects among the branches of trees, 
and_ rarely descending to the ground. In conformity with their 
habits the tarsi are shortened though strong, and the claws are short, 
broad, and much curved. The sexes are in some cases quite dissimilar, 
in others undistinguishablo by external markings. The bill 
is slender, more or less decurved,and very acute ; the mesorhinium is 
not flattened, but rounded; the tail is always rounded, and more or 
less graduated. 

The Ieterinm extend from North and Central America down to 
the forests of Southern Brazil and Bolivia, but are most abundant 
specifically in Central America, where some of the largest and most 
brilliant forms are endemic. 

The Ieterinm are builders of elaborate nests, in many cases pensile 
and purse-shaped like those of the Cassiques, in others apparently 
open and cup-shaped (see c North-American Birds,' vol. ii. pp. 184 et 
seq.). The eggs are bluish or pinkish white, profusely spotted with 
red and purple. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Space round the eye and lores naked 21. GYMNOMYSTAX, p. 361. 
B. Space round the eye and lores feathered.. 2'2. ICTERUS, p. 3(52. 
21. 
GYMNOMYSTAX. 
Type. 
Gymnomystax, 
Reichenb. Av. St/st. Nat. t. lxxiii. 
(1850) G. melanicterus. 

Head of Gymnomystax melanicterus. 

This remarkable form has been often placed with the Agelminm. 
But the slightly decurved culmen and lineiform mesorhinium justify 
us, I think, in removing it to the Ieterinm, with which it agrees in 
style of plumage, as it does also, I believe, in habits and mode of 
nesting. 

Range. Guiana and Amazonia. 

;$02 JCTEltlDJE. 

1. Gymnomystax melanicterus. 
Oriolus mexicanus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 162; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 179. 
Troupiale jaime a- calotte noire de Cayenne, Daub. PL Eril. 533 (jr.). 
Agelaius melanicterus, VieilL Noiw.Dict. xxxiv. p. 536; id. Enc. Meth. 

p. 711. 
Icterus citrinus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 09, pi. Q6. 
Psaroeolius gyrmiops, War/L Syst. Av. bp. 14. 
Gymnomystax mexicanus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 431. 
Gymnomystax melanicterus, Cab. Mtts. Mein. i. p. 180; Burm. Si/st. 
"Ucb. iii. p. 2G0; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 137 ; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 19 ; tic!. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 18G0, p. 182,1873, p. 207 (Ucayali); iid. NomencL 

p. 37 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 197 (Para) j Tacz. Om. Per. ii. p. 420. 
Pseudolei&tes melanicterus, Finsch, P.Z. S. 1870, p. 575 (Trinidad). 
Leistes melanicterus, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 186G; p. 14. 
Black-crowned Oriole, Lath. G. II. iii. p. 112. 
Bright yellow ; back, wings, and tail black; bill and feet black : 

whole length 9-5 inches, wing 5, tail 4*3. Female similar. Young 

similar, but of browner black, and with a blackish patch on the 

head. 

Hab. Cayenne and Amazonia. 

a. Jr. st. South America. Purchased. 
b} c. S ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
cl S ad. sk j e. Jr. sk Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
;/. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru (Wldtehj). Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.; I <S jr.sk. Yquitos, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
22. ICTEEUS. 
Type. 

Icterus, Brisson, Orn. ii. p. 85 (17G0) * I. vulgaris. 

Xantliornus; Scop. Intr. ad Eist Nat. p. 481 (1777). I. vulgaris. 

Pendulinus, VieilL Analyse, p. 33 (1816) ... . I. spurius. 

Yphantes, VieilL ibid. I. baltimore. 

Bananivorus, Bp. C. M. xxxvii. p. 834 (1853) I, spurius. 

Euopsar, Cass. Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1807, p. 47 I. croconotus. 

Andriopsar, Cass, op. cit. p. 49 I. gularis. 

Ateleopsar, Cass. op. cit. p. 53 I. melanocephalus. 

Cassiculoides, Cass. op. cit. p. 54 I. parisorum. 

Poliopsar, Cass. op. cit. p. 55 I. wagleri. 

Melanopsar, Cass. op. cit. p. 56 I. chrysocephalus. 

IcterioideS; Cass. op. cit. p. 60 I. auricapillus. 

Aporophantes, Cass. op. a t p. 63 I. pyrrhopterus. 

This large genus, which comprehends all the Hang-nests except 
Gymnomystax, varies much in the minor points of structure, and is 
exceedingly difficult to classify satisfactorily. I agree with the 
authors of the i History of North-American Birds7 that it is almost 
impossible to arrange these birds in clearly defined sections, although 
the throe subgenera which they have indicated may be used as a 
make-shift. 

Range. The same as that of the subfamily. 

22 . 
ICTERUS. 303 

Key to the fyerin. 

A. 
Bill stout, conical; the culmen and gonys straight; tail slightly 
rounded. {Hyplumtes.) 

a. Uropygium yellow: 
I whole head black 1. baltimore, p. 304. 
I crown black; sides of head yellow .. 2. buttocki, p. 305. 

I. 
Uropygiumblack 3. abeittii, p. 366. 

B. Bill slender, slightly decurved; tail-feathers graduated. (Pendulinm.) 

c. Abdomen chestnut: 
I cap black 4. spurius, p. 306. 
f cap chestnut 5. bonana, p. 308. 

d. Abdomen black. 
a'. Bend of wing chestnut G. pyrrJiopterus, p. 308. 
b''. Bend of wing yellow. 
a2. Crown yellow 7. clirysocepliahs, 
b2. Crown black : [p. 309. 
j thighs black 8. cayanensis, p. 309. 
| thighs yellow 9. tibialis, p. 370. 

e. Belly black, crissum yellow: 
i flanks black 10. Jtypomelas, p. 370. 
| flanks yellow 11. domimcensis, p. 371. 
/ . Belly black down to middle, then yellow 
or orange: 
\ belly yellow; size smaller 12, portoricensis, p. 371. 
j belly orange ; size larger 13. laudabilis, p. 372. 

g. 
Whole belly yellow or orange; throat 
black. 
c'. Aboye black; lower back yellow. 
c2. Bend of wing black 14. oberi, p. 372. 
d~. Bend of wing yellow. 


«3. Orissura black 15. wagleri, p. 372. 

63. Crissum yellow. 
aK Tail black. 
J Wings black 16. prosthemelas, p. 373. 
j "Wings spotted with, white .. 17. maeuli-alatus, p. 373. 
bK Tail half black, half yellow . . 18. parisonim, p. 374. 
dr. Above yellow; cap black 19. melanocepkalus, 
e\ Above yellow; interscapulium black. [p. 375. 
e\ Bend of wing l^lack 20. cucuUatw, p. 376. 
f%. Bend of wing yellow. 
e\ Tail black. 
j WTings black 21. auricapilhts, p. 377. 
( Wings with a white blotch .. 22. Jiaiucwelli, p. 377. 
dz. Outer rectrices tipp"Bd with white. 23. grace-anna, p. 378. 
e3. Outer rectrices yellow 24. memmelas, p. 378. 
f\ Above wholly yellow (except lores). 
g2. Wings black 25. giraudi, p. 379. 
A2. Wings edged with white. 
/».
% 
Middle coverts black, 

c 
. Interscapulium unspotted: 
j white wing-edgings narrow.. 2Q. xanthormis, p. 380. 
Ij white wing-edgings broad ., 27. curasoenm, p. 381. 
dK Interscapulium spotted 28. dubusi, p. 381. 
gz. Middle coverts white. 29. auratus, p. 382. 

364 
ICTEEIDJE. 

C. Bill stout, 
conical, oilmen and gonys nearly straight,* tail slightly 
rounded. (Icterus.) 
k Sides of head below the eye black. 
Interscapulium black : 

j middle coverts white 80. vulgaris, p. 362. 

| middle coverts black 31. Jamaeaii, p. 3S3. 

h'. Interscapulium orange 32. croconotus, p. 353. 

i. Sides of head yellow or orange. 
i'. Interscapulium black; no pectoral spots. 
J Larger: bill robust 33. gidarh, p. 384. 
| Smaller: bill weaker 34. sclate?-i, p. 38%. 

f. Interscapulium black ; breast spotted. 35. pectoralis, p. 36o. 
*k'. Interscapulium yellow spotted with 
black 30. pusiidatus, p. 3Sf). 
/'. Interscapulium wholly yellow ..... . 37. graywni, p. 3S7. 
m'. Interscapulium yellowish olive ... . 38. leueopteryx, p. 3^7. 

1. Icterus Baltimore. 
Oriolus baltimore, Linn. 8. Ar. i. p. 162: Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 160; 
Wih. Am. Orn. i. p. 23, pi. 1.fier. 3, et vi. p. 88, pi 53. fig. 4. 
Icterus baltimore, Baud Tr. cTOm. ii. p. 348; Bp. P.Z.8. 1*37, 

p. 116; Baird, B. K Am. p. 548; 8el et Sah. P. Z. S. I*r4, p. :m 
(Panama) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 36 j &/. P. Z. S. 16H4, p. 1775: zVZ. I£««, 
1883, p. 354; Baird, Brewer, et Bidf/w, JST. A. B: ii. p. li)5 ; *SV/A\ 
^ Godm. Ibis, 1880,jp. 123 (Santa Ztfarta). 
Yphantes baltimore, Vieill.Bne. Jlefk. p. 708; w/. Gtor/. O/s. 1. p. 124, 

pi. 87; Bp. Consp. i. p. 432. 
Icterus baltimorensis, Scl. et Sah. Ihis, 1850, p. 20'; iid. JP. 2". **?. 
1807, p. 279, et 1870, p. 836 (Mosquitia) ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 130; 
Sah. P. Z. S.1867, p. 142, et 1870, p. 100 (Veragua). 

Hyphantes baltimorensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, fp. 57, 365. 
Hyphantes baltimore, Gundl. J. f. 0.1856, p. 10 (Cuba): CM. J. f. 0. 

1801, p. 7 (Oosta Eica); Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. PMl 1667, p. 6£ 
Icterus galbula, Cones, Key K A. B. (1684) p. 408. 
Baltimore Oriole, Lath. G. JS. iii. p. 115. 

Bright orange; whole head and throat and upper back Mack ; 
wings black edged with white; lesser wing-coverts orange; tail 
black, the bases of all the feathers and broad tips to the outer 
rectrices orange; under wing-coverts yellow ; bill plumbeous; feet 
blackish: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*1. Female. 
Above greyish brown, more or less variegated with blackish; rump 
yellowish ; wings blackish edged with white : below yellowish, more 
or less mixed with whitish ; tail yellowish olive. 

Bab. K America, from Atlantic coast to high central plains 
(in summer), and throughout Mexico and Central America to Panama 
and Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. 

a. S ad. sk. North America. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. S ad. sk.
c,d. <? $ ad. sk. 
Pembina, Dakota (Coues). 
Forty-ninth Parallel. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
U.S. Bound. Oomm. 
«, / 6 $ ad. sk. Fort Dufferin, N. A. U.S. Bound. Comm. 
g. 2 ad. sk. Pt, Leyden, N.Y. (Merriam). Sclater Coll. 

22 . ICTERUS. 
365 
k. § ad. sk. 
New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. Sclater Coll. 

i. <5 ad.sk. 
Illinois. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 

/. c? ad. sk Michigan. 

Prof. Steere [P.J. 

A*, d ad. sk. PMkdelpkia. 

Sclater Coll. 

/. d jr. bk. 

Pennsylvania. U.S. Nat. Mus. 
Wa-hlnsrton, B.C., U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

{BrexlerX 

a J ad. sk. 

Mexico. 
Purchased. 

p. 2 &&> £k. Jalapa {de Oca), Sclater CoU. 
q. j ud. sk. British Honduras (Bhm caneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/-. (J ad. sk. Chuctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
&. o tid. 6>k. Callahan, Guatemala {ChamSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
pion). 

f. 
d jr. sk. Cuban, Vera Paz {Salvin <§* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Godman). 
u. 
S ad. sk. San Pedro Martyr, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Hair in). 
v. 
<? ad. frk. Vulcan de Fuejyo, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Salvia ty God?nan). 
r . J ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
.<*. £ ml. hk. S. Pedro, Honduras ( Whifely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
?/. cJ ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua {Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
~* «'-^ $ ad. bk. Irazu di str., Costa ltica( Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6'. d j ^ t»k. Bebedero, Xicoya, Costa Itica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arve). 
<*'. c? ltd. hk. Bupraba, Ckiriqui (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<J\ e'. d? ? tid. &k. Calobiv, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Linn Hill, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/*. <J ad. sk. {McLeamian). 
ParaibO Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g'. 2 ^1. sk. Panama {Hughes). 
Minca, Colombia {Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
h*. <5 jr. Pk. Caracas, Venezuela (?). Purchased. 
«*'. J &d. fet. 

2. Icterus bullock! 
Xanthornus bullockii, $w. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 436. 

Icterus bullockii, And. Orn. Bioqr. v. p. 9 j Baird, B. N. Am. p. 549; 
ScL Cat A. B. p. 180; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 354; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 
Ib60, p. 362 (Mexico); iid. Ex. Orn. p. 188; iid. Komencl. p. 3G; 
Baird, Breicer, et Itidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 199 ; Coues, Key K A. B. 
(1884) p. 401). 

Yphantes bullockii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 432. 
Hyphantes bullockii, Cousin, Pr. Ac 8c. Phil 1867, p. 02. 


Orange-yellow ; summit of head, upper back, lores, line through 
the eye, and middle of throat black; wings black, smaller and 
greater wing-coverts and outer margins of remiges white; tail 
yellow, four middle rectrices nearly all black except at their bases, 
others tipped more or less with black ; under wing-coverts yellow; 
bill plumbeous; feet blackish: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*7, 
tail 3. Female. Olive-grey, below whitish ; fore parts of body and 
head tinged with yellow ; wings dusky, with two white bars; tail 
and under-coverts yellowish. 

366 
ICTEEID^. 

Hal. Western North America (in summer) and south to Central 

Mexico. 

The .adult male is easily distinguishable from that of its eastern 

representative /. Baltimore by the yellow superciliary stripes and 

sides of the head. Tbe females of the two species are nearly alike. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. West side Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord; Esq, rp -j 

c. 2 ad. sk. 
d. 
<$ sk. California. Lord Wa3"*injrhani 
"P.\ 
e. 3 ad. sk. California. U.S. Nat. Mus. "P.". 
/. J ad. sk. San Francisco, Cal. U.& Nat. Mas. jp.\ 
g. $ ad.sk. California (Bell). Sclater Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Fort Tejon, Cal. Sah in-ffodman Coll. 
i. Jr. sk. Nevada, U. S. A. U.S. Nat. Mm. iv. 
j. $ ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
'h. <$ ad. sk. Mexico {Salle), Safr-in-Godman Coll. 
3. Icterus abeillii 
Psarocolius coztototl, Wagler, Ms, 1820, p. 7-37 (l-j. 
Xanthomas abeillei. Less. Bev. Zool. 18;jii, p. 101. 
Icterus abeillii, Sclater, JP.Z. S. 1800, p. 2o2 (Orizaba), JBQ4$ p. 175; 


«tf. Ozf. A .5. p. 130; id. Ibis, 188;^ p. :m ; 6e/. tf AW/r. P. X & IM % 

p. 362 j z'ztf. Mr. Orn. p. 187, pi. xciv.; ml JS^mimL p. till 
Hyphantes abeillei, Cassm, Br. Ac. So. PA//. Ia07, p. 02. 
Icterus bullocki. Tar. abeillei, Baird, B reiverf ei Itkhjw, X A* IL 11 
p. 184. 
Above deep black; slight superciliary stripe from the front to 
above the eye yellow; greater and lesser wing-coverts and otit*«r 
margins of remiges white; tail bright yellow, two middle rcetrices, 
irjner webs of the next pair, and tips of others black: beneath bright-
yellow mixed with orange ; flanks and middle of the throat black ; 
bill plumbeous black; feet blackish: whole length 7~2 inches, iving 
4*2, tail 3*2. Female, Above grey, mixed with jellowiVh and 

variegated with black; wing blackish edged with "white; below 
yellowish, middle of belly whitish, flanks greyish; tail yellowish 
olivaceous with darker tips. 

Hah. Central and Southern Mexico. 

This very distinct species is readily known from the two former 
by its wholly black back and flanks. 

a. <$ ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk. 
City of Mexico. 
Mexico (de Saussure). 
Sah in-Oodman Coll 
Sclater Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. North Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
d. o* ad. sk. Mexico. O. Salvin, E-q. [P.J. 
4. Icterus gpttrius. 

Oriolus spurius, Linn, S. N. i. p. 162. 
Icterus spurius, Aud. Orn, Biogr. 5. p. 221; Sclater, P. Z. S, 18511, 


p. »80; id. Cat A. B. p. 130; id. jftw, 1883, p. 357; 
BcL et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 353 (Panama), et 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. 
Nomend. p. 36 j Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 4m (Texas); Lawr, Ann, 
T2. ICTERUS. 
367 

Lye. X. Y. vii. p. 881 (Panama) ; Sah. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 142 (Veragua); 
Baird, Brewer, et Pddgic. X. A. B. ii. p. 190; Baird, B. X. 

^Am. p. 547 ; Coues, Key X. A. B. (1884) p. 407, 
Yphantea spurius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 435. 
Pendulinus spurius, Cass. JPr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 01. 
Xanthorous spuiius, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 8 (Cobta Idea). 
Xanthomas alfinis, Lrncr. Ami. Lye. X. Y. v. 1851, p. 113: Cassin. 

Pr.Ac.Sc. P&/.18U0, p. 140. 
BananiToru^ aiilnis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 301, et 1S59; p. 365 
(Coidova). 
Icterus affinis, ScL Cat A. B. p. 130; id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 175 (Mexico 

city); SclaK et Salt. Ibis, 1859, p. 20, et 1860, p. 34. 
Icterus spuria- affinis, Coues, Key X. A. B. (1884) p. 408. 
Pendulinus affinis, Cats. Pr. Ac. So. Phil. Ibtt7, p. 61 (Rio Atrato). 

Above black: lesser wing-coverts and lower back chestnut; wings 
black, remiges and middle coverts narrowly edged with whitish : 
below chestnut, throat and neck black; under wing-coverts chestnut; 
tail black, outer rectrices narrowly tipped with white ; bill and feet 
black : whole length 7*3 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3*1. Female. Olive, 
darker on the back; beneath yellowish; wings blackish edged with 
white. Yovntj mala similar, but throat black. 

Hah. Eastern North America (in summer), and southwards through 
Mexico and Central America to Panama. 


Borne specimens from Texas and Mexico are smaller in size, and 
this form has been separated specifically. But other southern specimens 
are fully as large as northern birds; and I do not think 
L ajfbiis can be maintained even as a subspecies. 

a. <$ ad. sk. 
X. America. Purchased. 
fck


b> <*-6 F* Illinois (Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

d. $ jr. sk. Michigan. 
Prof. Steere [P.]. 
e. o ad. sk. Missouri. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. f P.]. 
f. $ ir. &k. Distr. Colombia (Prentiss). US. Nat. Mus. [P.J. 
//. S ad. *&. Distr. Colombia {Coues). U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
h. <$ ad. sk.; Pennsylvania. Sclater Coll. 
i. (S jr. sk. 
J» (J p\ sk.; Pennsylvania. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k.*? ad. sk. 
I 
J ad. sk. New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. Sclater Coll. 
{Merriam). 


m. S ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. 2 ad. s^« Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
o,jp. d $ ad.sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forre?*). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. S ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
r. 
d1 ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Bhoi- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
eaneaux). 
s-i\ 6 Q-n Duenas, Guatemala (Safoin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
change) sk. 
wy x. S aa. sk. Cahabon, Guatemala (Cham- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
pion). 
tj. £ 
ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin Salvin-Godman Coll. 
fy &adman). 

z. 
S a<l sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vera Paz (Salvin $• Godman). 
308 ICZURID-E. 

a!,h'. J jr., 5 ad. &k. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvia). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c'. <$ ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitehj). Sclater Coll. 
d'. tfad.sk. SanPedrofHo»duras(Jf7»"^/j/). Sahia-Godman Coll. 
e-'i'. Ad. sk. Cozumel L, Yucatan (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Gaumer). 
j\k\ tf $ ad.sk. Irazudistr., Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

V. tf jr. sk. Costa Rica (Caimiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m'. tf ad. sk. I&tbm. of Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n' o'. tf $ ad. sk. Lion Hill, I&tbm. of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(MoLeannan). 
p'. tf ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

5. Icterus bonaria. 
Oriolus bonana, Linn. S. K. i. p. 102. 
Le Carouge, Daub. PI Enl 535. fig. 1. 
Icterus bonana, Dm^/. Tr. W Orn. ii. p. 832 ; Later. Pr. II. S. N. M. 


i. p. 355 * Scl Cat A. B. p. 131; id. Ibis, 18fcS, p. 358; Scl et Sate. 
Nomencl. p. 36* Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 167. 
Pendulinus bonana, Vieill. X. JD. v. p. .316$ Bp. Consp. i. p. 432 j 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1807, p. 54. 
Xantbornus bonana, Cab. Mus. Ifein. i. p. 183. 


Above black; bead and neck dark brownish chestnut; lesser 

•wing-coverts bright chestnut; lower back brownish orange : below 
brownish orange, throat and breast brownish chestnut like the head ; 
under wing-coverts and thighs orange ; bill and feet black; whole 
length 7*5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 8*5. Funah similar. 
Hob. Martinique, W. I, 

a. Ad. sk. Martinique, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b,c. Ad. sk. Mai Unique, "W. I. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. West Indies. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. West Indies. Dr. Smith [P.]. 
6. Icterus pyrrhopterus. 
Tordo negro cobijas de canela, Azara, Apunt. I. p. 318. 

Agelaius pvrrhopterus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 543* id. JEnc. 

MM. jp. 716. 

Psarocolius pyrrhopterus, Wagl Sysi. Av. SuppL &p. 8. 

Pendulinus periporphyrus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 432. 

Hypbantes pyrrhopterus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 03 ; Pet. 

Orn. Bras. p. 194. 
Xantbornus pyrrbopterus, Burm. La-Plafa Brne^ ii. p. 493. 
Icterus pyrrbopterus, a? Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 6; Scl. Cut. A. B. 

p. 131; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 358 • Scl et Salv. Komencl p. 30; iid. 
P. Z. S. 1808, p. 140 (Conchitas, rep. Arg.), 187% p. 008 (Tilotilo, 
Boliv.); Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 88 ,* Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 50 ; 
Salvin, Ibis, 1880, p. 356 (Salta). 
Uniform black; upper lesser wing-coverts chestnut; bill black ; 

feet dark brown: whole length 7*7 inches, wing 3*0, tail 3*8. 

Female similar. 

Bab. S. Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia. 

22 . ICTERUS. 
369 
a. 5 ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehnrst). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. Salta, Ar«y. Rep. 
H. Durnford [0.1 
d. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad.sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges {0.]. 
g. <$ ad. sk. S. Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. Ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
7. Icterus dirysoceplialns. 
Oriolus ekrysoeephalus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 164. 
Gracula cliryssoptera, Merr. Icon. Av. pi. 3. 
Pendulinus chrysoceplialus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 122, pi. 86 ; Bp. 


Consp. i. p. 452; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1807, p. 56; Pek. Orn. 
Bras. i. p. 104. 
Xanthomas chrysoceplialus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 184; Burm. Syst. 
JJeh. iii. p. 270. 
Icterus chrvtoocepkalus, Baud. Tr. dOrn. ii. p. 336 ; Spiv, Av. Bras. 

i. p. 68, pi. 07. fig. 1; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 131; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 359; 
Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 680; Scl. et Sah. Nommcl. p. 36: 
iid. P. Z. S 1806, p. 182,1873, p. 266 (Ucayali); Tacz. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 416; Sab. Ibis, 1885, p. 218 (Brit. Guian.). 
Psarocolius icterocephalus, Wagl Syst. Av. sp. 20. 
Gold-headed Oriole, Latham, Gen. PL. B. iii. p. 125. 
Black; cap, except the front, upper lesser wing-coverts, under 
wing-coverts, and thighs yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 
8*5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 3*9. Female similar. 


Hub. Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, and Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. British Guiana. 
R. Schomburgk [C.]. 
b. Q &&• sk' Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c. S a^. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (WJiitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bemerara. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Jr. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk. Upper Amazons (HauxwelT). J. Gould, Esq. 
g. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ucayali. E. Bartlett [O.]. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/.' Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
/. Ad. sk. . Bogota. Purchased. 
m. d ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Icterus cayanensis. 
Oriolus cayanensis, Linn. S. K i. p. 163. 

Icterus 
cayanensis, Baud. Tr. a Orn. ii. p. 336; Max. Beitr. iii. 
p 1204; Sw. Zool M ser. 2, pi. 22; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 131; id. 
Ibis, 1883, p. 359 ; Scl et Sah. Mmencl. p. 36; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 573 (Lower Amazons), 1873, p. 266 (Ucayali); Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 417. 
Pendulinus cayanensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 433; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. 
Phil 1867, p. 57. 

Agelaius chry&opterus, Vieill Nouv. Bid. xxxiv. p. 539; id. JEnc. 

Meth. p. 713 (partim). 
Xanthornus chrysopterus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. in. p. 271. 
Yellow-winged Oriole, Latham, Gen. H. B. iii. p. 124. 


VOL. xi. 
2 B 

370 ICTEBID^. 

Black; lesser Tipper wing-coverts yellow ; under wing-coverts 
black mixed with yellow: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4*1, tail 
3*8. Female similar. 

Hob. Guiana and Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclaler Coll. 
K Ad. sk. Surinam. C. Bartlett [C.l 
c. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons {Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad.sk. Island of Marajo, Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Gedman Coll. 
e. Acl.sk. Peruvian Amazons (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. S. America. ' Sclater Coll. 
//. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
9. Icterus tibialis. 
Icterus cayanensis, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1204. 
Xanthomas flavaxilla, Hahn u. Krister, Yog. aus Asien, Lief. vi. 
p.l,t.2f?). 

Icterus tibialis; 82a. An. in Men. p. 302; Scl. et Sal v. Nbmencl. p. 36; 
Salvin, Cat. Strickl Coll. p. 203; Fo?*bes, Ibis, 1SS1, p. 339; Sclatery 
This, 1883, p. 300. 

Pendulums tibialis, Cassin, Pr. Ae. 8c. Phil. 1807, p. 57. 
Xanthornus chrysopterus, Burm. Sy&t. Ueb. iii. p. 271 (exel. syn.). 

Black; lesser upper wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, and thighs 
yellow; hill and feet "black: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*(5, 
tail 3*7. Female similar. 


Hah. South-east Brazil. 
Nearly allied to L cayanensis, but with the under wing-covertfe. 
and thighs yellow. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Pemambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Pernambnco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f,g. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ti. Ad. sk. Rio. Sclater Coll. 


i. Jad.sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joiner)* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, k, I. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
10. Icterus hypomelas. 
Icterus dominicensis et I. virescens, Vigors. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 441 

(1828). 
Psarocolius melanopsis, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 750 (jr.). 
Pendulinus hypomelas, Bp. Consp. i. p. 433; Cassm, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 

1867, p. 59. 
Xanthornus dominicensis, Cab. J. f. 0. 1850, p. 10; a? Orb. in La 
Sagra's Cuba (Oiseaux), ii. p. 115, t. six. bis. 
Icterus dominicensis, Albreckt, J.f.O. 1801, p. 212; 8cl et 8alv. 
Komencl p. 36. 
Icterus hypomelas, Scl. Ibis, 1883, p. 360. 

Black; lower back, lesser wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, 
crissum, and thighs yellow; bill and feet black : whole length 7*8 
inches, wing 3*6, tail 3*4. Female similar. Young olivaceous; 
rump, under wing-coverts, thighs, and parts of crissu-m yellow; 
throat black. 

Bab. Cuba. 

22 . ICTERUS. 371 
a>h-£d -fk-'•> Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
c. Jr. sk. 
d.# ad. sk Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. Icterns dominicensis. 
Oriolus dominicensis, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 163. 
Caroug-e de St. Doniingue, Daub. PL Enl. 5. fig. 2. 
Pendulinus Ifavigaster, Vieill, N. D. v. p. 317; id. Enc. Mith. 


p. 705. 
Icterus dominicensis, Baud. Tr. d'Orn. ii. p. 335; SalU, P. Z. S. 

1857, p. 232; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 131; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 3G1; Scl. 

et Salv. Nomencl p. 36; Cory, B. of San Domingo, p. 71, t. xii. 
Pendulinus dominicensis, Cass. Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1807, p. 58. 

Black; lower back, lesser wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, 
crissum, thighs, and flanks yellow; bill and feet black: whole 
length 7*5 inches, wing 3-6, tail 34. Female similar. 

Hal. San Domingo. 
Very like I. hjpomelas, but in the present bird the yellow covers 
the whole of the crissum and the lower portion of the flanks. 

a. Ad. sk. San Domingo (Salle). Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. San Domingo. Salle* [C.]« 
d. Ad. sk.; San Domingo. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
e. Jr. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. San Domingo (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
'(/. Ad. sk. San Domingo (Sail/). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Puerto Plata, San Domingo (Cory). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Hayti (Cory). Sclater Coll. 
12. Icterus portoricensis. 
Icterus dominicensis, var. portoricensis, Bryant, Pr. Boston Soc. N. H. 
xi. p. 94; Sund. K. Vet-Ak. Pork 1869, p. 597. 
Icterus dominicensis, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 167. 
Pendulinus portoricensis, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 58. 
Icterus portoricensis, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 36; Scl. Ibis, 1883, 
p. 361. 
Xanthornus portoricensis, Gundl. An. de Hist. Nat. Madrid, vii. 
p. 210 (1878). 
Black; lower back, lesser wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, 
thighs, lower belly, and crissum yellow; bill and feet black : whole 
length 7*6 inches, wing 3*6, tail 34. Female similar. Young. 
Brownish olive, beneath yellow; wings brown. 

Bab. Porto Eico. 

Yery near to I dominicensis, but distinguishable by having the 
yellow colour confined to the lower belly and crissum, and not extending 
over the flanks. 

a. Ad. sk.; North side of Porto Eico (Latimer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Jr. sk. 
c Jr. sk North side of Porto Eico (Swift). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2B2 

372 ICTEBIDJE. 
d. Ad. sk.;
e. Jr. sk. 
Porto Rico (Latimer). Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.
'g. Ad. sk.;
h. Jr. sk. 
Porto Rico (Bryant). 
Porto Rico (Bryant). 
Sclater Coll. 
Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
13. Icterus laudabilis. 

Icterus laudabilis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 270, pi. xxi.; 1872, p. 649; 
id. Ibis, 1883, p. 361. 

Black ; rump, lesser wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, and lower 
part of belly and crissum orange-yellow; bill and feet black: whole 
length. 8-5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 5-2. Female similar. Young. 
Olivaceous brown; rump and body below yellowish ; throat black. 

Bab. Island of St. Lucia. 
The large size and orange-yellow rump and belly render this fine 
species easily distinguishable. 

a. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll. (Ty]e 
of the species.)* 
b. Ad. sk.; c, St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper'). Sclater Coll. 
d. Jr. sk. 
e, f. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
fffh. Jr. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
14. Icterus oberi. 
Icterus 
oberi, Lawr. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 351 (1880); Grisdale, 
Ibis, 1882, p. 487, pi. xiii.; Scl Ibis, 1883, p. 362. 

Black; rump, belly, and crissum orange-yellow; under wing-
coverts yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 
3-6, tail 4. Female similar. Young. Above brownish olive, beneath 
yellowish. 

Hah. Montserrat, W. I. 
Allied to /. laudabilis, but distinguished by the black upper 
wing-coverts and the greater amount of orange on the belly. 

a, I. $ ad.sk.; Montserrat (Grisdale). Sclater Coll. 

c. Jr. sk. 
15. Icterus wagleri. 
Psarocolius flavigaster, Wagl. Ms, 1829, p. 756 (nee Vieill.). 
Pendulinus dominicensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 432 (nee Linn.). 
Icterus wagleri, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 7, et 1859, p. 381; id. Cat. 


A. B. p. 131; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 362; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. 
N. K. i. p. 552; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 20; iid. Komencl. p. 36; 
Baird, Birds Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 19, t. xix.fig. 2; id. B. iv. Am. 
p. 545. 
, Pendulinus wagleri, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 55. 
Icterus dominicensis var. wagleri, Baird, Brew., etMidgw. N. A. B. ii. 

p. 182 (pt). 
Above deep black; lesser wing-coverts and lower back yellow: 

22 . ICTERUS. 
373 
below down to the middle of the breast black: belly yellow, crissum 
black; bill Hack, bluish, at the base; feet black: whole Gg£h 
0 inches, wing 4-2, tail 4*5. Female similar. Young. Above olive ; 
beneath yellow, with more or less black on the throat. 

Bab. South. Mexico and Guatemala. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk 
Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
c z ad. fc.k. Oa.\aea, W. Mexico {FenocMo). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Jr. .4c. Oa\aea, W.Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
*. c ad. bk. Pre-idio, Mexico (Fo?-rer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/*£/* € ad. sk. Bueaa-, Guatemala (Salvia). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
A. Jr. &k.; 
i- Pull. fck. 
k. 
Jr. 0k. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. 
2 ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Sclater Coll. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 

10. Icterus prosthemelas. 
Xanthoma proftthemela*, Strkld. Cmitr. Orn. 1850, p. 120, pi. 62. 
iViicltiliniLs it"*.soiiiT lip. Cvn&jh L p. 482 (?). 
Icterus pr«fSthwii*4a^ Sclater, P. 2. S. Ib0t>, p. 301, 1857, p. 7; id. 

Vat. A. B. p. l;il>; id. Hi*, h*b3, p. aOS; &<?/. et Sah. Ibis, 18*59, 

p. 20; «>/. P. X S. ltef>7, p. 270 (Mobquitia), 1870, p. 8:i7 (Honduras 
); iid. yomencL p. 36; Jkwrr. I>^//. £7 S. iV. Si. no. 4, p. 23 
(Tt'huantt'pt'C). 
Pendulumi* pK^theinelas, Camn, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 56. 

Deep black; lower back, upper lesser wing-coverts, lower wingcn 
verts, lieliy, and crissum yellow; bill black, plumbeous at the 
ba*e; feet Mack; whole length 7*7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*8. 
FanaU similar. 

Bab. Tehuaatepec, British Honduras, Guatemala, and southwards 
to Costa Rica. 

a, k Ad. &t Britihh Honduras. D. Dyson [C.]. 
«\ 

d. Ad. sk Corosal, Brit. Honduras (Roe). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
€. Ad. sk-Belize, Brit. Honduras (Plan-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
caneaux). 
Ad. ak. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 



//« Jr. sk. Vera Paz (Hague). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

A. Jr. sk. Sources of Kio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vera Paz (Salvin tjr Godman). 
t. 
Jr. sk. Guatemala (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
Ad. *k. San. Pedro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i-

Jr. sk San Pedro, Honduras (JlHiitely). Sclater Coll. 1/
. Ad. sk. Honduras ( Whittly). Sclater Coll. 
m» 2 ad- sk. Peje, Costa Pica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coil. 

n. Jr. ak. Tucurriqui, Costa Pica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
17. Icterus maculi-alatus. 
Icterus 
maculi-alatus, Cas&in, Jottrn. Acad. Philad. ser. % i. p. 137, 
pi 16. %. 1; ScL Cat A. B. p. 132; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 363; ScLet 
Sola. Ibk91860, p. 398; iid. Nomenel p. 36. 

ICTERIDiE. 

Pendulums maculi-alatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 433 ; Casszn, Pr. Ac. Sc. 
Phil 1867, p. 56. 

Above deep black; lower back and lesser wing-coverts yellow; a 
row of spots on the tips of the greater wing-coverts, and slight external 
edgings to the five or six outer primaries about halfway down 
the quills white : beneath orange-yellow ; sides of head, throaty and 
upper breast black ; bill black, bluish at the base; feet black: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3*3. Young. Above olive; wings and 
tail brownish, with slight white spots on the greater wing-coverts : 
below yellowish ; front, sides of the head, and throat down to the 
middle of the breast black. 

Eab. Pacific coast of Guatemala. 

This is a local species, confined, so far as we know, to the Pacific 
coast of Guatemala, but weE marked by the white spots on the 
greater wing-coverts. 

a. Ad. sk.; Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. 5 jr. sk.
e. c? ad*, sk.
d. Jr. sk. 
(Salvin). 
Volcan de Agua, above SanDiego (Salvin). 
San Pedro Martyr, Guatemala(Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. cJ ad. sk.
/. Jr. sk. 
Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser). 
Aguna, Guatemala {Fraser), 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

18. Icterus parisornm. 
Icterus parisorum, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 110; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, 
p. 303 (Oaxaca), I860, p. 251,1804, p. 175; id. Cat. A. B. p. 132; 
id. Ibis, 1883, p. 365; Vomit, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 54; ScL et 
Salv. Nomenel. p. 36; Sumiekrast, Mem. Bast S. N. IL i. p. #5# 
(Orizaba); Baird, Brewer, et Ridgw. iVL A. B. ii. p. 188; Baird, B. 
JUT. Am. p. 544; Owes, Key N. A. B. (1884) p. 400. 
Icterus melanockrysurus, Less. Rev. ZooL 183% p. 105. 
Icterus scottii, Couch, Pr. Acad. Philad. vii. p. t$6 (1854). 
Xanthornus parisorum, Bp. Consp. I. p. 434. 

Above black; lesser wing-coverts and lower back sulphur-yellow; 
wings black, greater wing-coverts tipped with white: below down 
to the middle of the breast black; belly and basal half of tail 
yellow; apical half of tail black, the black extending further up on 
the central tail-feathers; bill and feet black: whole length 7*5 inches, 
wing 4, tail 3-4. Female. Above olivaceous, slightly varied with 
black on the interscapularies; wings blackish, wing-coverts terminated 
with white; below yellowish. 

Eab. Lower California, Arizona, Texas, and Mexico. 

The male of this species is easily known by the yellow basal portion 
of the lower surface of the tail being divided in a straight line, 
about halfway between the crissum and the end, from the Mack 
apical portion. 

a, <$ ad. sk. Cape San Lucas, Lower Call- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
forma (Xantus). 

22. ICTEEUS. 375 
h. d &d. sk. Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali-
Ibmia {Xcmtus). 
Sclater Coll. 
c. S jr. sk.
d7e, $ 2 ad.sk.
/ . <J jr. sk.
*$. Q ad. sk. 
Cape San Lucas, Lower Caliiornia 
(Xantus). 
Near the City of Mexico. 
Mexico (Salfe). 
Mexico. 
U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Salvin-Godman 
Salvin-Godman 
Sclater Coll. 
[P.]. 
ColL 
Coll. 
h. c jr. sk.
i. Q ad. sk.
J. $ ad. st 
Mexico (Boucard). 
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 

19. Icterus melanocephalus, 
Psarocolius melanocephalus, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 756. 
Icterus melanocephalus, Hahn u. Kiister, Vog. cms Asien, Lief. vi. 


p. 2, t. 3; Baird, B. X. Am. p. 543 ; Cassin, B. Cal. p. 1,37, pi. 21; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1656, p. 301, 1858, p. 97, 1859, p. 805 (Jalapa) ; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 132: id. Ibis, 1883, p. 3G5 ; Scl.etSalv. NomencL 
p. 30: Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil 18(57, p. 53; Baird, Brew., et 
Uidgtc. K A. B. ii. p. 180; Smnichrast, Mem. Bost. S. N. H. L 
_ p. 553; later. Bull. U. S. N. 21 no. 4, p. 23 (Tekuantepec). 
Xanthomas melanocephalus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 434 (partim). 
Icterus audubonii, Giraud, B. Texas, p. 1; Baird, B. N Am. p. 542 j 

plater, P. Z. & 1859, p. 381 (Oaxaca), 1864, p. 3 75 (City of Mexico); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 132; id. His, 1883, p. 360 ; JScl. et J§ah. NomencL 

p. 30; Cassin, Pr. Ac, Sc. Phil. 1807, p. 53; Smnichrast, Mem. Bost. 
tf. N. III p. 553 (Orizaba). 
Icteius m<iIauocephalus, var. auduboni, Baird, Bretv., et Ridyw. 

N. A. B. ii. p. IbO. 
Icterus melanocephalus auduboni, Cones, Key N. A. B. (1884) p. 410. 
Icterus virescem, Dubois, Bull. Ac. Belg. ser. 2, xl. p. 798 (1875 ?). 
Above yellow, slightly tinged with olivaceous yellow; whole head 
and neck, with wings and tail, black; greater wing-coverts and 
secondaries sometimes with narrow white edgings; lesser wingeoverts 
bright yellow: below, throat and middle of breast black; 
abdomen yellow like the back, but rather brighter; bill and feet 
black: whole length 8 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*8. Female similar. 

Bah. Texas and Mexico. 

The slight white edgings to the greater coverts and secondaries 
are, as a rule, coniintd to the northern form, i". in. auduboni. But 
one of the skins from Jalapa has traces of this, and I have observed 
it in other specimens. 

a. Subsp. auduboni. 
a. Ad. sk. Matamoras (Berlandier). Sclater Coll. 
b. Subsp. tyjpica. 
a Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater ColL 
b Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. Jr. sk. Orizaba (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 
d Ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Fenochio). Sclater Coll. 
/ 9 ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico {Fenochio). Salvin-Goclman ColL 
/ Ad. sL Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
10TBEID-E. 

Mexico (JBoucard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad, sk. 
Mexico. Purchased. 

h. Ad. sk. 
J. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. 
t. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 

j. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
&. Ad. sk. Mexico. 

20. Icterus cncullatns. 
Icterus cucullatus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 436 ; Later. Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y. v. p. 116; Cassin, III. B. Calif, p. 42, pi. 8; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 301 (Cordova), 1864, p. 175 (City of Mexico); id. Cat. A.B. 
p. 132 ; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 364 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 20 (Belize) ; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 36; Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 466 (Belize); Baird, Breno., 
et Ridgw. B. N. A. ii. p. 193; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost S. 2V. H. i. 
p. 553 (hot district of Vera Cruz); Baird, B. N. Am. p. 546; 
JBoucard, P Z. S. 1883, p. 445; Cones, Key K A. B. (1884) 
p. 409. 
Pendulinus cucullatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 433; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 
1867, p. 60. 
Icterus cucullatus nelsoni, Ridgw. Pr. U. 8. K Mm. 1885, p. 19 
(Arizona). 
Icterus cucullatus igneus, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. 2V. Mus. 1885, p. 19 
(Yucatan). 

Above yellow, more or less tinged with orange; lores and interscapulium 
black; wings black, middle wing-coverts and edges of 
greater coverts and remiges white: below yellow, sides of face, throat, 
and middle of breast black ,* under wing-coverts yellow; tail black, 
slightly tipped with white; bill and feet black: whole length 
7-4 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3*5. Female. Above olivaceous, wings 
brown edged with whitish; below yellow, middle of throat black. 

Hab. Southern California, Arizona, Texas, Mexico, Yucatan, and 
Belize. 

Mr. Eidgway has lately proposed to separate this species into three 
geographical subspecies:—(1) i". c. nelsoni, from Arizona, S. California, 
and Western Mexico, of a paler and more yellow colour; (2) the 
typical form, from Southern and Eastern Mexico, with the yellow of 
an orange tinge ; and (3) the Yucatan form (I c. igneus), with, the 
orange tinge still more intense. I have arranged the specimens in 
accordance with these views, but I cannot say that I quite agree 
with them, the differences being, in my opinion, almost too slight for 
even subspecific separation. 

a. Subsp. nelsoni. 
a. $ ad. sk. 
6. S ad. sk. 
Arizona {Nelson). 
La Paz, Lower California 
U.S.KaiMus. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. 
(Forrer).
California. F. Gruber [P.]. 
d. (S ad. sk. 
e. (S ad. sk. 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). 
Mexico. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
a. Subsp. typica. 
a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Mexico (RSbouch). Sclater Coll. 

22. ICTEKUS. 
37 

c. 2 ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
d. $ ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. c? ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 
c. Subsp. iynea. 
a. $ ad. sk. Britisli Honduras. D. Dyson [C.]. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Belize (Saivin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Merida, Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Levis).
d. cJ ad. sk. Silam, Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaimier). 
e Ad. sk. Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f~h. S ad., *'. d" Cozimiel, Yucatan (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.,j?, A. $ ad. Gaumer'). 

sk. 

21. Icterus auricapillus. 
Icterus auricapillus, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil 1847, p. 332; id. Journ. 
Acad. Philad. ser. 2, i. p. 137, pi. 16. f. 2; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 132 ; 
id. Ibis, 1883, p. 363; Scl. etSah. P. Z. S.1868, p. 167 (Caripe); iid. 
Komenel. p. 36; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 553; Salv. et Godm. 
Ibis, 1880, p. 123 (Santa Marta). 

Pendulums 
auricapillus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 433; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. 
Phil 1867, p. 60. 

Above deep black; lesser wing-coverts and lower back yellow; 
whole back of head and nape bright orange-yellow: below yellow; 
throat and breast with the sides of the head and front black ; under 
wing- coverts yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length 7*5 inches, 
wing 3*5, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hah. Coast-region of Yenezuela and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
Maturin, E. Venezuela Sclater Coll. 

b. Ad. sk. 
(Ernst). 

c. $ ad. sk. Caripe", Venezuela (Goeri?ig). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
e. $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, U, S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Sclater Coll. 
(Simons). 
ff. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq, 
ijj. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
22. Icterus hauxwelli. (Plate XVIII.) 
Icterus hauxwelli, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 671. 
Above bright yellow; sides of head, narrow mterscapulium, wings, 
and tail black; patch on outer secondaries white: below yellow, 
whole throat extending on to breast black; under wing-coverts 
yellow; back and feet black: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 3*6, 
tail 3*4. 

Hah. Eastern Peru. 

ICTERIDJE. 

Nearest to 1. grace-anrm, but distinguished by its wholly black 
tail and narrow black interseapulium. 

a. Ad. ak. Chamicuros, E. Peru X Gould, Esq. (Type 
(Hauxicett). of the species.) 
23. Icterus grace-aarase. 
Icterus grace-annee, Cassin, Br. Ac. Sc. Phil 1867, p. &'2; Tacz, P.Z.8. 
1877, p. 323 (Tunibez) j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 410 ; Salrin, Ibis, 1874, 

p. 323 (Guayaquil); id. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 422 (Payta) ; Scl. et 8ak. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 137 (Pacasniayo); Scl. Ibis, l&b3, p. 308, pi. xi. 
Bright yellow, more or less tinged with orange ; interseapulium, 
wings, tail, front, lores, circle round the eyes, and throat down to 
the middle of the breast deep black; lesser wing-coverts yellow; 
a conspicuous patch on the outer secondaries and the tips of the 
external rectriees white ; bill and feet black : whole length 7'5 
inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*7-Female similar. 

Hah. Coast-region of Western Ecuador and Pern. 

Allied to I. mesomelas, but at once recognizable by the conspicuous 
white wing-patch, and the different colour of the outer rectriees 
which are black tipped with white instead of yellow. 

a. Ad.sk. Mochala, Guayaquil. SaUin-Oodmaii Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Payta, Peru (Markham). 8&1\IR-(T« ilmmi Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclat<*r CMII. 
d. Ad. sk. Piura, Peru. Capt. Kellwtt and Lt. 
Wood [C]. 
24 Icterus mesomelas. 

Psarocolius mesomelas, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 755. 
Xanthornus mesomelas, Up. Consp. i. p. 434. 
Icterus mesomelas, Sclater, P. Z. S. 18*55, p. 154 (Bogota), 1856, 


p. 301 (Cordova), 1859, p. 58 (Omoa, Hond.), 18(30, pp. 277, 293 
(Western Ecuador); id. Cat A. B. p. 133; id. Ihis7 ld83? p. 307; 
Scl et 8alv. Ibis, 1860, p. 34 (Coban); iid. P. Z. S. 1604, p. 354 
(Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia), 1870, p. 838 (Honduras), 1879, 
p. 509 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 30; Camn, Pr. Ac. 8c. BMl 
I860, p. 140 (R. Atrato), et 18G7, p. 51; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 323 
(Tumbez), et 1880, p. 200 (N. Peru); Sumichmst, Mem. Bmi. Soc. 
N. E. i. p. 553 (Vera Cruz); Lawr. Bull TJ. 8. M. Jf. no. 4, p. 23 j 
Salv.P. Z. S.1883,p. 422;Boucard, P. Z. S.1883, p. 445 (Yucatan); 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, p. 552 (West Ecuador) ; Taos. Orn. 
Pir. ii. p. 417. 
Icterus atrogularis, Less. Cent. Zool p. 73, pi. 22. 
Oriolus musicus, Cabot, Boston Journ. N. H. iv. p. 465. 
Icterus salvini, Cassia, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil 1867, p. 51 ; Scl. ei Salt*. 


P. Z. S.1870, p. 8385 Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 104. 
Bright yellow; interseapulium, wings, lores, sides of head, mid 
throat down to the middle of the breast deep black; lesser wing-
coverts and under wing-coverts yellow; tail black, three outer 
rectriees on each side with the greater part of the apical portion 
yellow,* outer secondaries sometimes slightly bordered with white ; 

22. ICTERUS. 
379 
bill and feet black: whole length 8-5 inches, wing 3-9, tail 42. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Southern Mexico and Guatemala and southwards to Colombia, 
Ecuador, and "Western Peru. 

I. saluini of Costa Rica and Colombia has been separated mainly 
on account of the absence of the nairow white external edgings of 
the outer secondaries. But this edging is certainly quite apparent 
in some Bogota specimens, and is also well marked in examples from 
"Western Peru. It does not seem to me to be a constant character. 
a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Orizaba (Sfevens). Sclater Coll. 
c, d. 6 S ad. sk. Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Sakin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Corosal, Brit. Honduras (Roe). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. 
Belize, Brit. Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Blancaneaux). 
j9 h. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. M. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
WhMy). 
I Ad. sk. Valza, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. Ad. sk. Chepo, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
n,o. 
<$ % ad. sk. Lion Bill, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeannan). 

p. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
r. Ad. sk.; s. Jr. Botoga. 
Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
t,M.Ad.8k. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t*. Ad. sk. Chiquinda, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

w. Ad. sk. Payta, Peru (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
x. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
25. Icterus giraudi. 
Icterus giraudii, Cassin, Br. Ac. 8c. mi 1847, p. 333,1800, p. 140 
(R. Truando), et lb67, p. 52; id. Jour. Acad. PMlad. ser. 2, i. 
p. 138, pi. 17; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 154 (Bogota), et 1857, 
p. 228 (Vera Cruz); id. Cat A. B. p. 133 j id. Ibis, 1883, p. 366; 
Scl et Sab. Ibis, 1850, p. 20 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. & 1864, 
p. 353 (Panama), 1868, p. 167 (Caracas), 1879, p. 509 (Antioquia) ; 
iid. NomencL p. 36; Sakin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 142, et 1870, p. 190 
(Veragua); Boxicard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 445 (Yucatan). 
Icterus melanopterus, Earth Rev. Zool 1849, p. 275. 
Xanthornus melanopterus, Bp. Co7isp. i. p. 434. 


Bright yellow, more or less tinged with orange ; front and sides 
of the head, throat down to the middle of the breast, and wings 
and tail black; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 
3-9, tail 3*8. Female similar. 

Hub. S. Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and throughout Central 
America south to Venezuela and Colombia. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. d ad. sk.; d. 
Jr. sk. 
<>. Ad. sk. 

/. tf ad. sk. 

#\ $ jr. sk. 

A. $ ad. sk. 
£ Ad. sk. 

y. Ad. sk. 
7s. $ ad. sk. 

J. Ad. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
». Jr. sk. 

o. Jr. st. 
p. J ad. sk. 
q. Ad. sk. 
r. Ad. sk. 
5. c? ad. sk. 
*. Ad. sk. 
ICTERIDJ3. 

Tactic, Vera Paz (£a/mi).Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala 
(Salviri). 
Chontales, Nicaragua 

(Belt). 

Boquete de Chitra, Vera


gua (Arce). 
Cliitra, Veragua {Arce). 
Santa Fe; Veragua 

(Arce). 
Veragua (Arce). 
Chepo, Isthm. of Pana


ma {Arce). 
Lion Hill, Isthm. of 
Panama (Arce). 
Paraiso Station, Isthm. 
of Panama (Hughes). 
Panama. 

Panama. 

Colon, Panama. 
Medellin, Antioquia 

(Salmon). 

Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Venezuela (Goering). 


 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Capt. Kellett and Lt. Wood 
Capt. Kellett and Lt. Wood 


fP.]. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salviu-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

26. Icterus xanthomas. 
Oriolus xanthornus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 391. 

Carouge de Mexique, Daub. PL Enl. 5. fig. 1. 

Xanthornus linnsei, Bp. Consp. i. p. 434. 

Icterus xanthornus, Baud. Tr.cTOrn. ii. p. 334; Cab. in Schomb. 

Gaian. iii. p. 680; id. Mus. Hem. i. p. 185 ; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. 

p. 269 j Bel Cat A. B. p. 133; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 368; Cassin, Br. Ac. 
8c.Phil 1867, p. 50; ScJ.et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 36 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 84 (Trinidad) ; Wyatt, 
Ibis, 1871, p. 329 (Santa Marta) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 123 
(Santa Marta); Fmseh, P.Z.8. 1870, p. 578 (Trinidad); Pet. 
Orn. Bras. p. 195. 
Icterus auratus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1867, p. 50. 
Icterus xanthornus, var. |3. marginalis, Dubois, Bull. Ac. Belg. ser. 2, 


vol. xl. p. 800 (1875). 
Xanthornus nigrigularis, Hdhn, Fog. aus Asien, v. p. 1, t. i. (1820). 
Icterus nigrogularis, Laior. Ann. L. N, Y. ix. p. 273. 

Above bright yellow, with a more or less perceptible olivaceous 
tinge on the interscapulium ; lores and wings black; lesser wing-
coverts yellow ; greater wing-coverts, secondaries, and primaries at 
their bases edged more or less distinctly with white : below yellow, 
middle of throat, extending on bo the breast, black ; tail black, but 
yellow at the base beneath the tail-coverts; bill and feet black: 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*6, tail 35. Female similar. 

22. ICTEHTJS. 381 
Hah. Northern Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guiana, Cayenne, 
and Upper Rio Negro. 

I have no evidence of the occurrence of any form of this species 
at Panama or anywhere to the north of it (except the distinct 
/. auratus of Yucatan), and there is much individual variation in 
the amount of the white edges to the wing-coverts and secondaries, 
as also in the slight white alar speculum at the base of the primaries. 
Under these circumstances I have not adopted Mr. Bidgway's 
recently proposed division of this species into two subspecies, 
u xantlionms" and " tinned" (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, p. 176). 
The example that best accords with his character of J. scanthornus 
(tyjricus) is perhaps that from Santa Marta (Jc), which has 
a white speculum. But this feature is also slightly shown in some 
skins from Venezuela, Trinidad, and Cayenne, and does not seem to 

be constant. 
a, h. Ad. st.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Jr. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
X. Ad. sk. 
British Guiana. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
George Town, Demerara(Brown). 
George Town, Demerara(Brown). 
Demerara. 
Venezuela. 
Chev. SchoiiLburgk [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. R. Jackson, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. $ ad. sk.
j . cS ad. sk. 
Carupano, Venezuela(Goering). 
Trinidad. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
'k. 2 *"*• sk* Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I Ad. sk.
(Simons). 
South America. Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 

27. Icterus curasoensis. 
Icterus curasoensis, Bidgw. P. TI. S. N. M. 1884, p. 174. 
Similar to I. ccanihomus, but bill longer, more attenuated, and 
more acute, the white markings of the wings much broader, and the 
yellow colour paler. 

Bah. Island of Curacoa, *W. I. 

Only known to the author from the original description. The 
points of difference from L xanthomas do not seem to be very 
strong. 

28. Icterus dubusi. 
Icterus xanthornus, var. a. dubusi, Dubois, Bull. Ac. Belg. sex. 2, 
xl. p. 799. 
Above yellow ; interscapulium slightly marked by narrow black 
shaft-spots; wings black; lesser coverts black, with broad yellow 
margins ; greater coverts and secondaries slightly edged with white: 
beneath yellow ; middle of throat, extending to the breast, black ; 

382 ICTERID33. 

under wing-coverts pale yellow; tail black, at the base beneath, 

the coverts yellow; bill and feet black : whole length 7*2 inches, 

wing 2-5, tail 3. 

Hab. Panama (?). 

I bought the skin above described at Southampton in 1846, and 

have never yet seen a second example. It appears, however, to 

agree with Dubois's description of two specimens in the Brussels 

Museum, said to be from Panama (?), and seems to be sufficiently 

different from/, ccanihomus to require recognition. The two points 

of difference are the striations on the interseapulium, of which there 

is no sign in I. xanthomas, and the colour of the lesser wing-coverts, 

which are black at their bases and broadly margined with yellow. 

In /. xanthomas these coverts are wholly yellow. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll. 
29. Icterus auratus. 
Icterus auratus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 435; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. -ix. 
p. 271 (Yucatan) ; Sclater, Ibis, 1883, p. 369 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 445. 
Above and below bright orange ; lores, space at the base of the 

lower mandible, throat, extending down to the middle of the breast, 

and wings black; lesser wing-coverts black mixed with yellow; 

middle wing-coverts with broad white ends, forming a conspicuous 

white cross band ; edgings of greater wing-coverts and remiges also 

white; tail black, with the base beneath the coverts pale orange, 

and slight whitish tips; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, 

wing 3-7, tail 3*6. 

Bab. Yucatan. 

The intense reddish-orange colour, the black space at the base of 
the lower mandible, which unites the lores and the throat, and the 
conspicuous white terminations of the middle wing-eoverts render 
this fine species easily distinguishable from I. xanthomus. 

a, b. Ad. sk.; c, d. Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jr. sk. (Gaumer). 

30. Icterus vulgaris. 
Oriolus icterus, Linn. S. K i. p. 161. 
Icterus vulgaris, Baud. Tr. d?Or?i. ii. p. 340; Bp. Consp. i. p. 434 ; 
Baird, B. K Am. p. 542; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 133; id. Ibis, 1883, 

p. 369; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela); iid. 
Mmencl. p. 36; Fmch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 578 (Trinidad); Cassin, 
Pr. Ac. So. Phil 1867, p. 46; Salv. et Godm.Jbis, 1879, p. 200 
(Santa Marta). 
Agelaius longirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 547. 
Icterus longirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 435; Cassin. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 
1867, p. 46. 
Icteric Oriole, Latham, Gen. H. B. iii. p. 114. 

Above and below brilliant orange; whole head and neck and 
elongated feathers of the throat, broad interseapulium, and tail 

22 . ICTERUS. 383 
black; wings black, lesser coverts orange, middle wing-coverts and 
broad outer margins to secondaries, forming together a large and 
conspicuous bar, white; under wing-coverts yellow; bilfblack, 
plumbeous at the base ; feet dark brown: whole length 10 inches, 
wing 4-6, tail 4. Female similar. 

Hab. Coast-region of Colombia and Venezuela and Trinidad. 

The guttural feathers are still more elongated in this species than 
in the two next. The conspicuous white wing-patch also renders 
it easily distinguishable. 

a. Ad. sk. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Sclater Coll. 
(Simons). 
b. tf ad. sk. Valle Dupar, Santa Marta,
U. S. C. (Simons). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. S ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Campano, Venezuela (Goering). 
South America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. South America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 

31. Icterus jamacaii. 
Oriolus jamacaii, Gm. S. N. i. p. 391. 
Icterus jamacaii, Baud. Tr. cCOm. ii. p. 335 ; Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 1199; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 435; Cab. Mus, Hein, i. p. 185 ; Burm. Si/st. TJeb. 

iii. p. 268; ScL Cat. A. B. p. 133 ; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 370 j Sel. et 
Salu. NomencL p. 36. 
Xanthornus aurantius, Hahn u. Kiister, Vog. ausAsien, Lief. vi. p. 1, 

t. i. (1850). ^ 
Icterus aurantius, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. PJiil. 1867, p. 47. 
Jamacii Oriole, Lath. Gen. H. B. iii. p. 123. 
Bright reddish orange; whole head and throat, interseapulium, 
and tail black; wings black, lesser coverts orange, middle and 
greater coverts black; external margins of the secondaries white, 
forming a conspicuous white patch; bill black, at the base plumbeous; 
feet black: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*8. Female 
similar, but rather smaller, and not quite so bright. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil (Jesse). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil (J&sse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Cjd. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll, 
/ . Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
32. Icterus croconotus. 
Psarocolius croconotus, Wagl Isis, 1829, p. 757. 

Icterus croconotus, Gray, Gen. £. ii. p. 343; Bp. Consp. i. p. 435; Sel. 
Cat A. B. p. 133; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 370; Cassin. Pr. Ac. Sc. PML 
1867, p. 47 ; Sel et Salv. P. Z, S. 1873, p. 266 (Upper Amazons'), 
1879, p. 608 (Bolivia) j iid. Nomenel p. 36; Zayard, Ibis, 1873, 

p. 381 (Para) ; PehOrn. Bras. p. 195 iTacz. Orn. P£r. ii.p. 420. 
Icterus jamacaii, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 679. 
Bright orange ; front, sides of head, throat, and tail black ; wings 
black, lesser coverts orange, middle and greater coverts black; a 

384 
ICTERIDJE. 

white patch formed by the white outer margins of the secondaries • 
bill black, plumbeous at the base; feet black: whole length S inches, 
wing 3*8, tail 3*9. Female similar. 

Eab. Guiana and Amazonia to Ecuador and interior of Brazil. 
A close ally of I. jamacaii, but easily known by the orange 
extending over the interscapuiium and the head, except the front. 

a, b. Ad. &t. British Guiana. Sir K. SchomLurgk 
c. Ad. sk. Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
e. 
/. 
ffh. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Peruvian Amazons {Bartlett). 
Upper Amazons (Bates). 
Uuyaba, Brazil (batterer). 
Bolivia. 
Salvia-G» dman Cull. 
Sclater Coll. 
ISalvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Gould, Erq. 

33. Icterus gularis. 
Psarocolius gnlaris, Wagl. Isis, 1820, p. 754. 

Icterus gularis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 435 ; ScL P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 205, 228, 
1858, p. 358 (Honduras), et 1859, p. 3bV>; id. Cat. A. B. p. W4; 
id. Ibis, 1883, p. 371 • ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1850. p. 19 {Guatemala 1; 
iid. NomencL p. 3(>; Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 408, et 181**0, p. lift; 
Taylor, Ibis, 1800, p. Ill (Brit. Hond.); Cassin, Pr. At. Se. Phil. 
1867, p. 49; Owen et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. &2; Lawr. Bull. 

U. S. JV. M.no. 4, p. 23; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi 0. 
Icterus mentalis, Less. Cent. ZooL p. Ill, pi. 4L 
Orange-yellow; interscapuiium, lores, throat extending down to 

the breast, and tail black ; wings black, margined with white, lesser 

wing-coverts yellow; thickened bill and feet black ; whole length 

10 inches, wing 4-7, tail 4*5. Female j^ilow; throat Mack; inter


scapuiium and tail olive; wings brown edged with whitish. 

Eab. Southern Mexico, Yucatan, British Honduras, and 

Guatemala. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Baron Lau^rier Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, &q. rp.]. 
c. $ sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Edge). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <S jr. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
e-g. 6 ad. sk.; Tonala (Chiapas;,Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godmaii Coll. 
h. $ jr. sk. chrast). 
i. S ad. sk. Putla, W. Mexico (Mebouch). Salvin-Godmaii Coil. 
j. S ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico (St/mi~ Salvin-Godman Coil. 
chrast). 
h, I $ g ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godinaii Coll. 
m, 9i. cJ ad. sk. Savana-Grande, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll 

(Salvin §• Godman). 
o,p. <$ J ad. sk. San Gerdnimo, Vera Paz, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Salmn). 

q. S 
ad. sk. San Pedro Martyr, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Satvin). 
r. S ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
s. (S ad. sk. Corosal, Brit. Honduras (Roe). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t-y. 
Ad.sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Gaumer). 

22. ICTEEUS. 
385 
34. Icterus sclateri. 
Icterus mentalis, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 185 (note); ScL Cat. A, P. 
p. 134; ScL et Salv. Ibis, I860, p. 275 (San Geronimo); Owen, Ibis, 
1661, p. 62 (eggs). 
Icterus sclateri, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1867, p. 49; Scl. et Salv. 
XmiencL p. 36; Scl Ibis, 1883, p. 371. 
Icterus fonaosus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. x. p. 184; id. Pull. U. S. N 
MILS. no. 4, p. 23 ; >S'e/. Ibis, 1883, p. 372, 

Bright reddish orange; interscapulium, lores, sides of face, and 
throat extending on to breast black: wings black, margined with 
white, lesser wing-coverts yellow ; tail black, slightly tipped with 
white ; bill black, plumbeous at the base ; feet black : whole length 
8 inched, wing 4*3, tail 4. Female similar but yellow, and the 
interscapulium black variegated with yeEow. 

Hah. Guatemala and Southern Mexico. 

This species closely resembles /. r/ularis in general colour, but is 
at once recognizable by its more slender bill, and in this respect 
comes nearer to L pvstulatus, from which it is distinguishable by 
its black inta^capnlium. 

a. S ad. sk. San Geronimo, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. J jr. "k.;
r. $ hk,
(Salmn). 
Fan Geronimo, Guatemala 
( Owen). 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
d. <$ ml* 4i. San Geronimo, Guatemala Sclater Coll, 
(Salvin). 
e. c? ad. j*kf. 
2 a(h *s^-
*g- 5 ad- sk. 
Guatemala. 
Guatemala (Skinner). 
Tonala (Chiapas), Mexico(Sumickrast). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. Ad. sk. San Juan, S. Mexico (PeboucJi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
35. Icterus pectoralis. 
Pfearocohus pectorals, WagL Isis, 1829, p. 755. 

Icterus pectoralis, Pp. Consp. i. p. 435; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 205 ; 
id. Ms, 1873, p. 373 (Nicaragua); id. (at. A. P. p. 134; id. 
Mis. 1883, p. 372; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 20; iid. Nomencl. 

p. 30; Lawn Pull. U. 8. N M. no. 4, p. 23; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. 
Phil 1867, p. 48; Pes Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 10. 
Icterus guttulatus, 
Zafr. May. de Zool. 1844, pi. 52; Cab. J.f.O. 
1861, p. 9 (Costa Bica). 

Icterus pectoralis espinachi, Nutting, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 

p. 392 (Costa Rica). 
Above bright orange-yellow, ruddier on the head; lores and 
apace round and in front of the eye and upper back deep black; 
wings black, lesser wing-coverts orange, outer margins of the 
secondaries white, forming an elongated white patch; narrow 
edgings on the ends of the secondaries and primaries also white: 
below orange-yellow; throat down to centre of breast black; 
breast marked with numerous black spots, chiefly at the sides ; 
tail black, slightly tipped with whitish; under wing-coverts yellow ; 

VOL. XI. 
^ C 

386 
ICTEEID^. 

bill black, plumbeous at the base; feet black: whole length 8"5 
inches, wing 4*3, tail 3*9. Female similar, but not so bright; 
with the interscapulium varied with olivaceous, and without the 
black pectoral spots. 

Hob. Western Mexico and Guatemala, and south to Costa Rica. 

The so-called subspecies from Costa Eica is stated by Mr. Eidg


way to differ from northern examples In its smaller size; but one 

of the Nicaraguan specimens before me ( $ ) Is hardly Inferior In 

dimensions to the Mexican examples. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Central America. Purchased. 

c. $ ad. sk. Putla, "W. Mexico (Bebomk). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk. Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico Sarrin-Godinaii ColL 
(Sumickra&t). 
e. Jr. sk. Savana Grande, Guatemala Salvin-Godmaii Coll(
Salvin). 
f. 
3ad.; g. Jjr.sk. San Geronimo, Vera Paz Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
h. 
Jr. sk. Eetalhuleu, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vin §* Godman). 
i. S ad. sk. Nicaragua. 
Sclater ColL 
j. 6 ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Beit), Salvin-Godman Cull. 
k. Jr. sk. Central America. F. Grtiber [C.]. 
36. Icterus pustulatus. 
Psarocolius pustulatus, Wagh Ims71820, p. 757. 

Icterus pustulatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 435; 8cL P. Z. S. 1858, p. .'50*3 
(Oaxaca); id. Cat. A. B. p. 134; id.^Ibu, lfc83, p. 373; Set. et 
Sab. NomencL p. 36 , iid. JExotic Ornith. p. 47, pL xxw.; €fmm\ 
Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1867, p. AS; Sumichrmtj Mem. Bout. Sue. JV. 1L L 

p. 552 (Vera Cruz); Sab. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 4'2'2 (Acapulco). 
Pendulinus californicus, Less. Mev. Zml. 1844, p. 436; t& lh$cr» d, 
Mamm. et Ois. p. 333. 

Bright reddish orange; lores and throat, extending to the middle 
of the breast, black ; Interscapulium yellow, distinctly marked with 
large oval black spots ; wings black, broadlj margined with white; 
lesser coverts orange ; tail black, with slight white tips; under 
wing-coverts yellow; bill black, plumbeous at the base; feet Mack: 
whole length 8'5 inches, wing 4, tail 3*8. Female. Somewhat 
similar, but yellow ; back olivaceous, distinctly spotted with black; 
tail olivaceous. 

Hah. "Western and Southern Mexico. 

The oval spots on the interscapulium are present in both sexes at 
all ages, and render this species easily distinguishable. 

a. 
6* ad. sk. Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali- Salvhi-Godiiian ColL 
forma (F. Grtiber), 
b, c. $ $ ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Forrer). 
d, e. <$ jr. et $ ad. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salviu-Godmaii Coll 
sk. 
f} g. c? ad. sk,; h Acapulco, Mexico {Mark- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<$ jr. sk. ham). 

22. ICTERUS. 
38/ 
L d a i sk. Puebla, Mexico (Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll 
3,k. d jr. sk. Tonala, Chiapas, S. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll 
(bumichrast). 
L d ad. sk. Atlisco, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
~%«. 2 ad. sk Mexico. Sclater ColL 

o. $ ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
37. Icterus graysoui. 
Icterus STaysoni, Caasin, Proe. Ac. &>. Pliilad. 1867, p. 48: 8cl et 
bate. Jsommcl p. 30; Scl. Ibis, 1883, p. 374. 

Yellow, slightly tinged with orange on the head, clearer beneath 
; lores and middle of the throat black, slight traces of black 
spots on the interseapulium; wings black, broadly margined with 
white; lesser eoTerts yellow ; tail black, external rectrices tipped 
with yellowish; bill black, plumbeous at the base; feet black: 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, tail 3-4. Female. Above yellowish 
olive, beneath yellow; throat black; wings brown, edged 
with white ; tail olivaceous. 

Hahm Tres Marias Islands, west of Mexico. 
Apparently a modified descendant of I. pustulatus, with the interscapular 
spots obsolete. 


a, b. cf 2 afL &k; Tres Marias Islands, "W. Salvin-Godman ColL 

c. d jr. »k. Mexico (Forrer). 
d, e. d 
? ad. &k. Tres Marias Islands, W. Sclater Coll. 
Mexico (Forrer). 


38. Icterus leucopteryx. 
Psaroeolius leucopteryx, Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 16. 
Icterus leucopteryx, ~Gosse} B. Jam. p. 226,* Bp. Consp. i. p. 436; 
Set P. Z. S. 1861, p. 74 j id. Cat. A. B. p. 134; id. Ibis, 1883, 

p. $74; ScL et Sab. Nomend. p. 36. 
Pendulinus leucopteryx, Cassin, Br. Ac. Se. PIizl 1867, p. 59. 
Icterus personatus, Temm. PL Col sub tab. 482; Bp. Consp. L 
p. 435. 
Yellowish olivaceous, beneath yellow; lores and throat, extending 
down to the breast, black ; wings black; lesser coverts yellow ,* 
middle coverts and broad outer margins of secondaries white; 
under wing-coverts yellow; bill plumbeous; feet black: whole 
length 8 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*6. Female similar, but not quite 


so bright. 
Hah. Jamaica. 

a. Ad. st Jamaica. 
J- Gould, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. Jamaica. 
Purchased. 
c. d ad. sk. Jamaica (Osbum). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Bryant). Sclater Coll. 
e. Q ad.sk. Jamaica (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
/ . Pad.s k Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. It. 
sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin Salvin-Godman Coll. 
fy Godman). 
k. Jr. *»k. Jamaica. Purchased. 
2c 2 
IOTERID-E. 

Subfamily V. QUISCALINJS. 

After the elimination of Cassidlv, the Quisealince form a more 
natural group, characterized by their rather attenuated bill, which 
has an incurved culmen and a rounded and unexpanded mesorhiniurn, 
and by their long and generally graduated tail, -which in 
the typical genera is carried in life in a boat-shaped fashion, so that 
the side feathers are brought up together above the median rectrices. 
The legs are stout, and the tarsi long and ambulatorial. The 
coloration is mostly uniform black, only relieved by metallic glosses 
in some genera, and by scarlet and brown patches in others. 

The nests of the Quiscalinre, so far as known to us, are open and 
cup-shaped, and placed in bushes or trees. The eggs are variously 
spotted on a lighter ground. 

Hange. Whole of the Nearctie and Neotropical Eegions. 

Key to the Genera, 

A. Head-feathers normal. 
a. Frontal plumes erect 23. LAMPBOPSAR, p. 388. 
b. Frontal plumes recumbent. 
d. 
Tail slightly rounded. 
j Bill thin, compressed 24. SCQLECOPHAGUS, p. 300. 
| Bill stout, thick 25. DIVES, p. 391. 
b\ 
Tail much graduated. 
(Bill longer, thinner 26 QUISCALUS, p. 393. 
I Bill shorter, broader 27. MACBAGELZEUS, p. 403. 

B. 
Head-feathers lanceolate. 
Tail graduated; bill smooth 28. HYPOPYBBHUS, p. 403. 
Tail slightly rounded j bill rugose 29. APHOBUS, p. 404. 
23. LAMPEOPSAE. 
Type. 
Lampropsar, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 194 (1851) L. tanagrinus. 
Potamopsar, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 141 (1802) JL. tanagrinus. 

The peculiar structure of the short erect frontal feathers characterizes 
this genus. The tarsi are rather short, and indicate arboreal 
habits; the tail is long and much rounded; the mesorhinium is 
lineiform, and the culmen slopes but very slightly. 

Range. Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazonia. 

1. Lampropsar tanagrinus. 
Icterus tanagrinus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 67, pi. 64. f. 1. 

Lampropsar tanagrinus, Cab. Mas. Hem. i. p. 194; ScL et Salt. No-

mend. p. 38 ; Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 200; ScL Ibis, 1884, p. 149 j Tacz. 

Om. 
PSr. ii. p. 433; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1873, p. 207 (CJcayali). 

Lampropsar guianensis, Cab. in ScJwmb. Guian. iii. p. 082; id. Mm. 
Hein. i. p. 194; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1808; p. 167 (Venezuela); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 38. 

23 . LAMPROPSAK. 
Quiscalus (Potamopsar) minor, Set. Cat. A. B. p. 141. 
Potamopsar minor, Castin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. L866, p. 4.15. 
Quiscalus, sp., Sol et Sah. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 182. 

Structure of Lampropsar tanagrinus. 

Uniform black, slightly shining; bill and feet black : whole length 

8 inches, wing 4*5, tail 4*1. Female similar, but rather smaller. 
Hah. Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazonia. 
As regards the identification of Icterus tanagrinus with Larn


projpsar guianensis, see my remarks, Ibis, 1884, p. 149. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Trinidad, Zool. Soc. Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad.sk. Peruvian Amazons (Bartlett). Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
e. c? ad. sk. Bio Javarri (Bates). Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Rio Javarri (Bates). Purchased. 
g. 2 ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [CI. 
h. $ ad. sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.J. 
ICTEBIDJE. 

390 

2 4 SCOLEC0PHAGHS, 
Type. 

Scoleeophagus, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am., Aves, p. 494 
(1831) S.«^«~ r. 
. Euphagus, Cassia, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil 1886? p. 413 ..fc>. cyanocephalu?. 

In ScolecoplMfus the bill is slender and the cuimen incurved, the 
tip "being decidedly bent down. The tail is longer than the wings 
and graduated, but not so much as in Lampropsar. The tarsi are 
long, and indicate terrestrial habits. 

The Marsh Blackbirds nest upon trees usually in colonies, mate 
open cup-shaped nests, and lay spotted eggs. The two known 
species are only found in the Nearetic Region. 


Key to the Species. 

A. With slenderer bill j head like the bod? .. 1. fermginms, p. 390. 
B. 
"With stouter bill; head purplish, different 
from the greenish back 2. cyanocephalu,% p. :W. 
1. Seoleeophagns ferrnginexis. 
Oriolus femigineus, Gm. 8. AT. L p. 303. 
Gracula ferruginea, Wils. Am. Orn. iiL p. 41, pi. 21. f. 3. 
Seolecophagus ferruaineus, Sw. Faun. Bm\~Am. IL p. i¥i#; Baird, 


B. JST. Am. p. 551J SoL Cat. A. B. p. 140; id. Ibk% 1^4, p. l?A); 
Cassin, Br. Ac. 8c. Phil 1800, p. 412; Baird, Brewerf H Midy way ^ 
K A. B. ii. p. 203; Blahiston, Bus, 1803, p. &2 (Saskatchewan I; 
Corns, Key N. A. B. (1884) p. 411. 
Scoleeophagus niger, Bp. Consp. 1. p. 423; Cab. 31m. Ilein. L p. 10.>. 
Bice Oriole, Latham, Gen. H. B. in. p. 98. 

Black, with slight purple reflections; wings and tail washed with 
green ; in autumnal plumage all the feathers margined with ferruginous 
; bill and feet black: whole length 9*5 inches, wing 4*tit 
tail 3*5. Female similar, but smaller. 


Eab. Eastern States of N. America to the Missouri 

a. Jr. st. Arctic America. Cap! Back [P.], 
b. Ad. sk. Arctic America. Dr. Eae. 
c. Ad. sk. Fort Simpson, KA. B. R. Row, Esq- [R> 
d. e,f. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel, N.A, N. A. Boundary Commission 
[P.I. 
g. Ad. sk. Illinois (Code). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. Tl\\ 
A. Jr.sk. Illinois (Coale). U.S. Nat. Mua [IV). *. 
§ ad. sk. New Brunswick (Osburn). Sclater Coll. 
j. d ad. sk Albany, New York (Burst). Sclater ColL 
*. $ ad. sk. Carlisle, Pa., U.S Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, m. e ad. sk. Distr. Colombia (Corns). U.S. Nat Mus, [El 
2. Seolecophagns cyanocephalns. 
Psaroeolius cyanocephalus, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 758. 
Scoleeophagus cyanocephalus, Cab. Mut. Hem. L p. 195; Baird, B. 


N. Am. p. 552; 8cL Cat A. B. p. 140; id. Mw, 1884, p„ hll: 
25. DIYES. 
391 
Cassin, Fr. Ac. Se. Phil. I860, p. 413; Sel et Sah. NornencL p. 38; 
Baird, Brew., et Ridgw. Ar. A. B. ii. p. 206; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 

p. 493 (Texas); SumieJirast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. II. vol. i. p. 553; 
Bhkiston, Ibis, 1803, p. 82 (Saskatchewan); Corns, Key N. A. B. 
^1884) p. 411, 
Soleeophagus mexicanus, Sw. An. in Menag. p, 302; Bp. Consp. 1. 
I>. 423. 
Quiscalus breweri, Ami B. Am. vii. p. 845, pi. 492. 

_ Black, -with green reiiections ; head and neck all round purplish ; 
bill and feet black : whole length 9 inches, wing 5, tail 4. Female. 
Hull cinereous blackish; wings, tail, and rump washed with greenish 
black ; a slight superciliary line rather lighter. 

Bab. Western and Central States of N. America and south to 
tableland of Mexico. 


a9b. d"7e,d. 2 West slope of Eocky J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.]. 
ad. sk. Mountains. 


e. 
<$ ad. sk. Fort Bridger, Utah, U.S. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Drexler).
/. § ad. sk Fort Vancouver, N. Pacific Salvin-Godman Coll. 

E.1L Survey, U.S. ( Cooper). 
9* 6 ad. sk. Pembina, Dakota (Cones). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L J ad. sk. California (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
L $ ad. sk. California (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. San Francisco, California. Capt. ikellett and Lt. 

Wood [P.]. 
A, /. 6 2 ad. sk. Reel Bluff, N. California U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 

(C. II. Townsend). 
m. 
2 ad* sk Fort Whipple, Arizona U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
{Cozies). 
n. S ad. sk. Nebraska (Reldmg). U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
o, p. d* 2 &d. sk. Ciudad Durango, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coil. 
(Forrer). 


q. J ad. sk. Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. 2 ad. sk. Oaxaca, S. Mexico (Fenochio). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. 2 ^d. sk. Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
t. j ad. sk. Central America ? Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 
25. DIVES. 
Type. 
Dives, Cassin, Fr. Ac. So. Fhil 1866, p. 413 D. sumichrasti. 

The two larger species assigned to Lampropsar by Cabanis appear 
to me to go better near the true Quiseali, to which they have both 
been referred by other authors. Cassin has placed them in Scolecojpkagua 
under the subgeneric designation Dives, whieb I retain as a 
genus in its present position, adding thereto the so-called Scolecophagus 
atroviolaceus of Cuba, wbich agrees with them in most points 
of its structure. The bill is shorter and stronger than in Quiscalus 
and Bcolecophagxts. 

Range. Mexico, Cuba, Central America, and North-western 
portion of South America. 

392 
ICTERTDM, 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Uniform shining black 
/ Larger- wings longer 1-sumzcArash, p. 392. 
I Smaller; wings shorter 2. icarcewtesi, p. 3ll± 
B. Uniform purplish black 
3. afrovmlaeeus, p. f$M. 
1. Dives stinrichrasti. 
- 
Lampropsar dives, Bp. Consp. i. p. 425 ; Cab. Mm. Hem. i. p. 104 : 
id. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 83; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 440 {Yucatan 1; 
ScL et Salv. NomencL p. 38. 
Quiscaius sumichrasti, Be Sauss. Rev. ZooL 1850, p. 110; Srlatrr, 

P. Z. S. 1859, p. 305 (Jalapa) et p. 381 (Oaxaea), 1864. p. 1751 Citv 
of Mexico) ', id. Cat. A. B. p. 140; ScL et Salv. Ibi\ IHJO, p. 3U5 
(Guatemala),* Sumichrastj Mem. Post. S. K.II. TOL i. p.553 (Vera 
Cruz). 
Scolecophagus dives, Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1866, p. 413. 
Dives sumichrasti, ScL Ibis, 1884, p. 152. 

Uniform black, slightly shining; bill and feet black; whole length 
10*5 inches, wing 5, tail 4*7. Female similar, "but smaller. 
Hah. Mexico and Guatemala. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. <? § ad. sk.
e-g. Ad. sk. 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). 
Jalapa, Mexico (Ilik/ei. 
Orizaba, Mexico (Batten). 
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Selater Coll. 
Sab in-Godman ('< *11. 
h. Ad. sk. Near Merida, Northern Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Yucatan (Devis). 
i. Ad. sk. Merida, Northern YucaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
tan (Schott). 
j . Ad. sk. Belize, British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Blancaneaux). 
k Ad. sk.
I, m. $ ad. sk.
n, Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk. 
Choctum,Vera Paz (Salmi). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvia). 
Coban, Vera Paz. 
Mexico. 
Salvin-Godman dill. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
O. Salvin, Esq. r¥.\ 
Purchased. 

2. Dives warfcewiezi 
Lampropsar warcewiezi, Cab. Jf O. 1861, p. 83; ScL et Sain 

JMmencL p. 38; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 523 (Lima). 
Scolecophagus ?, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1800? p. 277 (Babaitoyo). 
Quiscaius asquatorialis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 140 (1862). 
Dives warcewiezi, ScL Ibis, 1884, p. 152 j Tacz. Orn. Tir. ii p. 4ML 

Uniform shining black; bill and feet black: whole length 9 
inches, wing 4*4, tail 4*5. Female similar, but smaller. 
Hob, Western Ecuador and Western Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman C<ill 
b, e. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth). 
d,e. c? 2 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll (Types 
^ A , . _ of Quiscaius mmatmialis.) 

f. Ad. sk Lima, Peru (Nation), Sclater ColL 
26. 
QUISCALTJS. 393 
3. Dives atroviolaceus. 
Quisealus atroviolaceus, cVOrb. in La Sagra's Cuba, Ois. p. 95, f. 19. 
Scaphiduras atroviolaceus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 341; Pp. Consp. i. 

p. 426. 
Scolecophacrus atroviolaceus, Cab. Mus. JBein. i. p. 196 ; Cassin, Pr, 
Ac. &c. Phil. 1866? p. 414; Gundl. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 134 (Cuba). 
Dives atroviolaceus, Scl Ibi$} 1884, p. lo2. 

Uniform black, with strong purplish tinge, except on wings and 
tail : whole length 9*5 inches, wing 4*93 tail 4. Female similar, 
hut smaller and not so bright. 

Hub. Cuba. 
a. Ad. *k. San Cristobal, Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
b7 c. Ad. *k. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2G. aUISCALTJS. 

Type. 
Qufecalus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 30 (1816) Q. versicolor. 
Quirt'ala, Lickt. Doubt, p. 18 (1823) Q. versicolor. 
Seaphidurus, Sic. Phil. Mac/, n. s. i. p. 437 (1827) Q. tenuirostris. 
Chalc* ighanus, Wagler, b'yst Av. (sub Gracula) (1827) Q. versicolor. 
Holoquiscalus, Ca&in, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil 18C6, p. 404.. Q. crassirostris. 
Megaquihcalus? Cassin, op. cit. p. 409 , Q. major. 

This very difficult series of birds, commonly classed as " Quisealus" 
are here arranged under the subgeneric heads Quisealus, Megaqidscalvs9 
and Uoloquiscalus, as suggested by Cassin, and adopted by 
Messrs. Baird, Brewer, and Eidgway. 

Mange. jNTorth and Central America, and Antilles, with adjoining 
portion of South America. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Size medium. Sexes nearly similar. 
Lateral tail-feathers about three-fourths 
the length of central. (QTJISCALTJS.) .. 1. versicolor, p. 394. 
B. 
Size large. Sexes dissimilar. Lateral tail-
feathers about six-tenths of the central 
or less. (MEGAQUISCALUS.) 
a. 
Bill robust; culmen strongly decurved 
terminally. 
a*. Lustre of plumage green; head and 
neei purplish 2. major, p. 395. 
¥. Lustre of plumage purplish,- passing 
posteriorly into greenish: 
(of larger size 3. macrurus, p. 396. 
< of medium size 4. assimilis, p. 390. 
(of smaller size 5. graysoni, p. 397. 

b. 
Bill slender, scarcely decurved terminally 
6. tenuirostris, p. 397. 
ICTEBIDiB. 

0. 
Size small. Tail-feathers moderately graduated. 
(HOLOQUISGALUS.) 
c. Larger; sexes alike; black. 
c'. Culmen almost straight; 
J size larger 7. gtmdlacfii, p.*/J». 
J size smaller 8. niger, p. Slid 
*2\ Ciilmen incurved: 
J bill thick 9. crassirostris, p. :i!K 
) bill compressed 10. brachypterm, p. #Ji». 

^7. Smaller ; sexes nearly alike ; female * 
slightly brownish 11. fortirostris, p. 41U 
f 12. utflej-irobtri*, p. 401. 
., .. ,.0. , ) 13. auadeloupenm, p. 401. 

e. Smaller j sexes different • • *) 14. Uta , p. 4UL'. 
L15. hiyuhris, p. 40:i. 
1. amscalns versicolor, 
Gracula quiscula; Linn. 8. iV. L p. 105. 

Gracula quiscola, Wils. Am. Orn. iii. p. 44? pi 21. f. 4. 

Chalcophanes quiscalus, CM. J^ . Hein. 1. p. 10t>. 

Quiscalus versicolor, F«V//. iViwy.-Diicrf. xx\iii. p. 4^8; «/. 6-W. cles 

Ois. i. p. 171, pi. 108; Bp. Comp. i. p. 4'M; 8w. Faun. Bor.-Am. 

ii. p. 285 j id. An. in Mmiag. p. 208; Baird, B, JY1 -«&«. p. 7M; 
SW. Cta. A B. p. 1405 «/. Ibis, 18*4, p. 134. 
Quiscalus purpuratus, $w. -iw. m Menug, p. AW (?). 
Quiscala nitens, LicU. JDoubl. p. 16. 
Quiscalus purpureus, Cassin, Br. Ac. 8c: Phil. IHfJG, p. 40"$; Bmtdf 

Brew., et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 214; C'outs, Key JV. A. It {Im4} 

p. 413. 
Quiscalus asneus, Ridgw. Pr. Ac. 8c. PML 18110, p. 1*14 
Quiscalus purpureus, vax. asneus, Baird? Brew., et BMgw. JF. A. B, 
ii. p. 218. 
Quiscalus versicolor seneus, 8cL Ibis, 1884, p. 154. 
Quiscalus purpureus seneus, Cones, Key N. A, B. (1884) p. 413. 
Quiscalus baritus, Baird, B. JV. A. p. 556. 
Quiscalus aglseus, .BmVtf, -4m. /ojfm. 8c. ser. 2, xB. 18C69 p. M; 
Cassin, Br. Ac. Sc. PML 1806, p. 404 : Midgw.Pi: Ac. Si: PML 
1869, p. 135. 
Quiscalus purpureus, var. aglseus, Baird. Brew?., ei Ridgw. X A. B, 

ii. p. 221. 
Quiscalus ver&icolor aglseus, Sol Ibis, 1884, p. 154. 
Quiscalus purpureus aglseus, Coues, Key iV. A. B. (1884) p. 414. 
Purple Grakle, Lath. Gen. H. B. iii. p. 174. 
^ Black; whole body more or less glossed with green, purple, and 
violet of varying tints; head and neck all round glossy purplish; 
bill and feet black: whole length. 11-5 inches, wing 5-7, tail 5. 
Female similar, but smaller. 

Eab. Atlantic slope of M". America, from Saskatchewan to Texas. 

The American ornithologists divide tMs species into three subspecies, 
namely:— 

1. Q. versicolor typirns. Bather larger; the underparts with 
violaceous tints. From the Atlantic-coast States north of Florida. 
2. Q. versicolor aylceus. Generally similar, but smaller. From 
South Florida. 
26. GTTISCALITS. 395 
3. Q, yerskohr emeus. Bather larger, the underparts uniform 
bronzy olive. From the interior Atlantic States and Saskatchewan. 
a. Subsp. tyjpica. 
a* d ad. sk. 
L Ad. sk. 
c. d" ad. sfc. 
North. America.
North America (albino).
Pennsylvania, U. S. A. (TownsPurchased. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
(I. Jr. sk. 
<. Ad.&k 
**. 3 ad. >k. 
end). 
Philadelphia, U.S.A. (Krider).
Maryland (1 'at/lor).
Alexandria, Va. (If. Palmer). 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater Coll. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.]. 
b. Subsp. cenea. 
>/. *. c? ? ad. sk. 
/'. <$ ad. sk. 
'/. tj1 *td. &k. 
t, rf ad.bk. 
/ , J* ad. sk. 
//, * ad. hk. 
IilinoL, U. S. A. 
Knox Co., Ind. (Ridgway). 
Wheatland, Indiana (Ridgway). 
Mount Carmeljlll (S. Turner). 
Pembina, Dakota (Cams). 
Fort Uutlerin, N. A. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.], 
U.S. Nat. Mus. |P.J-
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
U.S. Bound. Comm. 
A. i. ,f J ad. sk. Fort Simpson, N. A. B. H. Ross, Esq. 
/. * ad, sk. 
A. Ad. ak. 
Arctic America. 
North America. 
Dr. llae [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 

2* Quiscalus major. 

Qutecalus major, TieilL Kouv. Diet, xxviii p. 487 (1819); id. JEnc. 
MSfk. ii. p. 900 ; Bp. Consj). i. p. 424 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.1859, p. 58 
(Omoa); id. Cat. A. B. p. 141; id. Ibis, 1884, p. loo; Baird, B. 
W,Am.ip.5oo; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 494 (Texas); Salv. Ibis, 
mm, p. 194 (Belize) ; Cumn, JPr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 18G6, p. 409; 
Baird, Brmv., et Ridgw. X. A. B. ii. p. 222; Lawr. Mem. Boston 
Soc. 2VT. II ii. p. 281 (N.W. Mexico) -7 Cbues, Ibis, 1870, p. 367; 
id. Key N. A. B. (1884) p. 412. 

Quibcalus corvmus, &w. An. in Menag. p 300. 
Chalcophanes major, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 196. 

Blackish, with shining green reflections ; head and neck all 
round passing into purplish ; bill and feet black: whole length 15 
inches, wing 7 ; tail, middle rectrices 7, external 4*5. Female. Above 
smoky brown, with slight metallic reflections; head brown ; below 
brown, middle of the belly dirty white; crissnm blackish: whole 
length 11 inches, wing" 5*3, tail 5. 

llab* Coast-region of South Atlantic States of North America. 

a. t? ad. sk. N. America. M.-Gen. J. Hardwicke [P." 
N. America. Duke of Sussex [P.]. 
b. 5 ad- st. 
N. America. Duke of Sussex [P.l. 
c. <£ ad* fife-
Charlotte Harbour, U.S. Nat. Mus. [P.J. 

d. <$ ad. sk. 
Florida (J. Bell). 
r,f. 6 2 ad. sk. 

Florida. Sclater Coll. 

N. America. Sclater Coll. 
//. <y ad. sk. 

396 
ICIEKTDJL 

3, UuiscalTLS macranis. 

Quiscalus macrurus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 209; Bp. Consp. i. p. 424; 
Baird, B. N. Am. p. 554; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 300 (Cordova, 
Mex.), et 1858, p. 358 (Honduras), et 1864, p. 175 (City of 
Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 141; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 156; Scl et 
Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 20 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S.1870, p. 837 (Honduras): 
iid. Nomencl p. 38; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 112; Cassin, 
Br. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 410; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 446 
(Yucatan); Coues, Key, 1884, p. 412. 

Chalcophanes macrourus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 196; id. J.f. 0.1861, 

p. 82 (Costa Eica). 
Quiscalus major, var. macrurus, Baird, Brew., et Ridyw. N. A. B. 
ii. p. 225; lawr, Mem. Boston Soc. N II. ii. p. 281 (Northwest 
Mex.). 
Shining purplish black, passing into a greenish tinge on the lower 
hack and crissum ; wings and tail dull black; biU and feet black : 
whole length 17 inches, wing 7*9; tail, middle rectrices 8*8, outer 5'3. 
Female. Above blackish brown, with slight metallic reflections; 
below brown; crissum blackish: whole length 13 inches, wing 6, 
tail 6-5. 

Hob. Mexico and Guatemala. 

a. $ ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Taylor, Esq. [C.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. Mexico (J. Taylor). J. Gould, Esq. 
c. <$ ad. sk. 
Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. S $ &d. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 
f,g, J § ad- sk. Oaxaca, S. Mexico (Fenochio) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. 
Jjr.sk. Merida, Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 
j-m. 
c? ad.; n. S Cozumel I., Yucatan (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.; o~p. 2 &d. sk. Gaumer). 

q. 5 ad. sk. Belize, British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Blancaneaux). 
r. 
c? ad. sk. Half Moon Quay, Brit. Hond Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvia), 
s. (S ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz, Guat. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
t. 5 ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
u,v. <$ J ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. c? ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
a\ $ ad. sk. Guatemala (Klee). Sclater Coll. 
y. 
J jr. sk.; z} a'. Honduras. Purchased. 
? ad. sk. 
4. Qxriscalus assimilis. 
Quiscalus peruvianus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 354 (1838): Cassin, Pr, 
Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 412 (?). 

Quiscalus assimilis, Sclater, Cat. A. B. p. 141; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 156; 
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 410; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 38 ; 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 330 (Colombia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877; p. 323, 
et p. 751 (Western Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 431. 

Quiscalus macrurus P, Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 191 (Veragua). 

26. QUISCALUS. 
307 
Similar to Q. macrurus, but smaller: whole length 14*5 inches, 
wing 6-9, middle rectrices 7*2, external 4-6. 

Hab. Veragua, Panama, and Colombia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. tf ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Lion Hill, Isthm. of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeanmri). 
e,f. 
$ J ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 

5. Q,uiscalus graysoni. 
Quiscalus palustris, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Be. Phil. 1866, p. 411. 
Quiscalus major, var. palustris, Baird, Brew., et Ridgw. N, A. B. 

ii. p. 214;' Later. Mem. Boston Soc. JY. E. ii. p. 282 (N.W. 
Mexico). 
Quiscalus graysoni, Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 157. 

Similar to Q. macrurus, but still smaller than Q. assimills: whole 
length 14*0 inches, wing 6*6; tail, middle rectrices (5-5, external 4*5. 

Hab. "Western Mexico. 

This is a small Western Mexican form of Q. macrurus; the 
adult is, I believe, quite indistinguishable from Q. macrurus in 
plumage, the specimens with brown thighs mentioned by Cassin 
and Lawrence being doubtless immature. It is very doubtful 
whether this bird has any real claim to Swainson's title palustris: 
his specimens from the lakes near Mexico city were probably of the 
species which he afterwards described as Q. tenuirostris, 

atb. cjad. sk.-e. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5 ad. sk. (Types of the species.) 

6. duiscalus tenuirostris. 
Scaphidurus palustris, Siv. Phil Mag. n. s. i. p. 437 (1827) ? 
Quiscalus tenuirostris, Sw. An. in Men. p. 299 (1838) • Cassin, Pr. 
Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 411; Baird, Brew., et Ridgw. N. A, B. ii. 

p. 214 • Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 157, pi. v. j Scl. et Sato. Nomencl p. 38. 
Uniform dark purplish black, with slight metallic reflections; 
wings and tail dark shining black; thighs brownish ; bill and feet 
black : whole length 13 inches, wing 6*7 ; tail, middle rectrices 7, 
external 4*3. Female. Above brown, passing into blackish on the 
rump, wings, and tail; superciliaries and body below pale brown ; 
flanks and crissum blackish; bill and feet blackish: whole length 
10-5 inches, wing 5*2, middle rectrices 4*4, external 3*3. 

JIab. Central Mexico. 
This species is easily recognizable by its slender and more in


curved bill. 
<t. <$ ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. <$ $ ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk. 
Mexico (Boucard). 
Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Vicinity of(Boucard). 
Mexico city Salvin-Godman Coll. 

39 8 ICTEKIDiE. 

7. Quiscalus gundlaclii. 
Quiscalus baritus, cVOrb. in La Sagra's Cuba, Ois. p. 95, pi. xviii.; 
Thienemann, J.f.O.1857, p. 151. 

Chalcophanes baritus, Cab. Mus. ELein. i. p. 197; Gundl. J. f. O. 
1856, p. 15. 

Quiscalus gundlachii, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 406; Scl. 
Ibis, 1884, p. 159. 

Quiscalus baritus, var. gundlachii, Baird, Brew., et Ridgw. N. A. B. 

ii. p. 213. 
Chalcophanes gundlachii, Gundl. J.f.O. 1874, p. 13o. 
Bill of Quiscalus gundlacki. 

Violaceous black; "wings and tail washed with greenish; bill 
strong, conical, elongated; culmen but slightly incurved; bill and 
feet black: whole length 12 inches, wing 5*8, tail 5. Female 
similar, but smaller. 

Hah. Cuba. 
a. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Sahdn-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
c. cJ ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk. Cuba (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 

8. Quiscalus niger. 
Troupiale noir de St. Domingue, Daub. PL Enl. 534. 
Oriolus niger, Bodd. Tabl. d. PI. Enl. p. 31 (1783). 
Quiscalus niger, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 407; Scl. Ibis, 


1884, p. 159 ; Cory, Birds San Domingo, p. 73. 
Quiscalus barita, Salle, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 232. 
Quiscalus ater, Bryant, Pr. Boston Sec. N. H. xi. p. 94 (1866); 

Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi. p. 153. 
Quiscalus baritus, var. niger, Baird, Brew., et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. 

p. 213. 
Similar to Q. gundlaclii, but smaller. 
Hab. San Domingo. 

a, b. <5 ad. sk. San Domingo. A. Salle" [C.]. 

9. Quiscalus crassirostris. 
Gracula barita, Linn. S. N.\. p. 165 (?). 
Sturnus jamaicensis, Baud. Tr. d'Orn. ii. p. 317 (?). 
Quiscalus crassirostris, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 355; Bp. Consp. i. 


26. QUISCALUS.
p. 425; Gosse, B. Jam. p. 217; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 359; id. Ibis, 
1834, p. 159; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 38. 
Quiscalus 
baritus, Cassin, Br. Ac. Sc. BJiil. 1866, p. 405; Baircl 
Brew., et Ridyw. N. A. B. ii. p. 213. 

Bill of Quiscalus crassirostris. 

Black with a violaceous gloss, passing into greenish, on the wings 

and tail; bill thick, culmen much incurved: whole length 10*5 

inches, wing 5*7, tail 5. Female similar, but smaller. 

Hab. Jamaica. 

a. J ad. sk. Jamaica. 
Purchased. 
b. S ad. sk. Jamaica. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
c. c? ad.sk. Metcalfe Parish, Jamaica U.S. Nat. Mas. [P.]. 
(Q.N. Allen).
d. e. c? ? ad. sk. Jamaica (March). Sclater Coll. 
/. 
<$ ad. sk. Spanishtown, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(March). 

10. Quiscalus brachypterus. 
Quiscalus brachvpterus, Cass. Br. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 406; Scl. et 

Salv. Nomencl. p. 38; Sol. Ibis, 1884; p. 160. 

Quiscalus crassirostris, Bryant, J. f. O. 1866, p. 188. 

Chalcophanes brachvpterus, Gundl. J. f. O. 1878, p. 177; id. Anal. 

Soc. Esp. H. K vii. p. 213 (1878). 
Chalcophanes lugubris, Sund. (Efv. K. Vet.-Ak Fork. 1869, p. 598. 
Quiscalus baritus, var. brachvpterus, Baird, Brew.} et Ridgw. 2s. A. B. 

ii. p. 213. 
Bill of Quiscalus brachypterus. 

Black with a strong violaceous gloss, passing into greenish on the 
wings and tail; bill much compressed, culmen incurved; whole 
length 10-5 inches, wing 5, tail 4-5. Female similar, but smaller. 

Hab. Porto Rico. 

400 
ICTERIDJE. 

This species is easily distinguishable from tlie three preceding by 
its more slender and compressed bill. 

a. <5 ad. sk. Porto Rico, N. side (Latimer). Salvin-Godman ColL 
b, c 6 2 ad- sk Porto Rico (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Salvin-Crodman ColL 
/ . J ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Sclater Coll. 
g. 6 ad. sk. Porto Rico (Swift). Sclater ColL 
11. ftoiscalns fortirostris. 
Quisealus fortirostris. 
Later. Pr. Ac. Sc. PhU. 1868, p. 3GO; Set. H 
iSalv. NomencL p. 38; Sd.P.Z.S. 1874, p. 17o; id. Ibis, 1873f 

p. 3S4 (Barbadoes), et 1884, p. 161. 
Quiscalus rectirostris, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 400 </r). 
Bill of Qwscaks for&rv&tri*, <$ et $. 

Uniform black with a purplish gloss, which is rather greenish on 
the wings and tail; bill and feet black: whole length 9 inches, 
wing 4*3, tail 3*7. Female similar, but smaller and of a dull black; 
wings and tail brownish. 

Hob. Barbadoes. 

Sir William Robinson, in answer to my inquiries, has most kindly 
sent me a series of skins of this bird, and likewise some specimens 
in spirit. The latter have enabled me to ascertain without doubt, 
what I had already believed to be the case from the examination 
of the skins, that the sexes in this Quiscalun are nearly alike in 
plumage, and that it agrees in this respect with the species of the 
Larger Antilles, although it is of smaller size. 

a-c. J ad. sk.; Barbadoes (Sir W. Robinson). Sclater Coll. 
P ad. sk. 

h. Jr. sk. Barbadoes (Sir O. Briggs). Sclater ColL 
t. Ad. sk. Barbadoes. 
Sir It. Schomburgk 
26. QUISCALT7S. 
40 1 
12. Quiscalus inflexirostris. 
Quiscalus 
Inflexirostris, Sw. An. in Men. p. 300 (1838) : Cassin, I>. 
AcSc. Phil. 1866, p. 407; Scl. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 175; id. Ibis, 1884, 
Proc U S N Ml P-355> et

% , 5 </?wr'----- P-437 (Martinique) 

Scl. et Sah. Komencl. p. 38. 

Quiscalus barita, T^/or, Ibis, 1804, p. 168 (Martinique). 

Quiscalus lugubris, Scl, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 271 (St. Lucia); Semper, 

P. Z. S. 1872, p. 650 (St. Lucia). 
* ' 
Bill of Quiscalus inflexirostris. 

Black with a strong violaceous gloss, which passes into greenish 
on the wings and tail; bill shorter than in preceding species, culmen 
much incurved, gonys straight; bill and feet black: whole length 
8-8 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*4. Female. Above brown, with ill-
defined lighter superciliaries ; beneath pale cinereous brown, lighter 
on the breast and throat; bill and feet black. 

Hab. Martinique and St. Lucia. 

It is impossible to give any satisfactory account of this and the 
other smaller Black Quiscali of the Lesser Antilles and adjacent 
portions of South America, until a good series with sexes ascertained 
by dissection has been obtained from every island. Under these 
circumstances I shall merely take the supposed species in geographical 
order from north to south. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Martinique, W. I. (Ober). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk.
c. J ad. sk.
d. S ad. sk.
e. § ad. sk.
f,g. 3 $ ad. sk. 
Martinique (Ober). 
Martinique. 
Martinique (JE. C. Taylor). 
Martinique. 
St. Lucia, W. I. {Semper). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

13. Quiscalus guadeloupensis. 
Quiscalus guadeloupensis, Lawr. Pr. U. S. N. M. i. pp. 457, 487; 
Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 160. 
Similar to Q. inflexirostris from Martinique, but rather larger 
and bill straighter 
(Laivrence). 
Hab. Guadeloupe. 

a. Ad. sk. Guadeloupe (Ober). Sclater Coll. 
2n 
VOL. XI. 

ICTERIDJ3. 

14. Quiscalus luminosus. 
Quiscalus, sp., Lawr. Pr. U. S. IT. M. i. p. 191. 

Quiscalus 
luminosus, Lawrence, Ann. K. Y. Acad. Sc. i. p. 162 
(1878); id. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. i. pp. 270, 487; Ober, Camps 
in the Caribbeesj p. 246; Scl Ibis, 1884, p. 161. " 

Bill of Quiscalus luminosus. 

The single pair of this form recently received seem to show that 
the species is nearest to Q. infieocirosiris, but has a longer and more 
compressed bill. The plumage of the male is darker and more 
violaceous. Length 9-4 inches, wing 4-7, tail 4. The female is 
nearly similar to that of Q. inflexirostris, of Martinique. 

Hal. Grenada and the Grenadines. 

a b S 9. ad. sk. Grenada, W. I. (J. Grant Sclater Coll. 
Wells). 

15. Quiscalus lugubris. 
Quiscalus lugubris, Sw. An. in Menay. p. 299; Burm. Syst. TJeb. in. 
p. 283; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 84 (Trinidad); Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. 
Phil. 1866, p. 408; Scl. et Sato. Nomencl. p, 38; Scl. Cat. A. B. 
p. 141; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 162. 
Chalcophanes jarnaicensis (<3) et C. minor (?) ; Cab. in Schomb. 
Guian. iii. p. 683. 
Chalcophanes lugubris, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 577. 
Quiscalus barita, Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 268 (TrinidadJ. 


Black, strongly glossed with violaceous; wings and tail with a 
slight greenish tinge; bill and feet black; bill strong, the culmen 
inflexed, gonys straight: whole length 8*2 inches, wing 4 ; tail, 
middle rectr. 3*7, outer 2*8. Female. Smoky blackish, wings and 
tail darker, very slightly glossed; beneath paler, smoky brown: 
whole length 8*2 inches, wing 4 ; tail, middle rectr. 3*7, lat. rectr. 2-8. 

Hal. Trinidad, Venezuela and Cayenne. 

a. <S ad, sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. 5 ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. George Town, Demerara Sclater Coll. 
(Broivri). 
d. e. $ ad. sk. Demerara. 
J. C. Jackson, Esq. 
[P.]. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 

g. <5 ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
h. c? jr. sk. Venezuela. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
27. mcBACKELmrs.—28. HYPOPTEEHirs. 
403 

27. MACRAGELffiUS. Type< 
Macroagelaius, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 13 ... . M. subalaris. 

The much elongated tail is, I think, sufficient to separate this 
form from the Qimcali, to -which it is undoubtedly allied-I cannot 
see that it has anything to do with Agelceus, as Cassin has suggested, 
though the bill is shorter and rather more broadened at the base than 
In most Quiscali, 

Range. Andes of Colombia. 

1. Macragelaeus subalaris. 
Quiscalus suhalaris, Boiss. Pev. Zool 1840, p. 70; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 425 ; Scl Cat A. B. p. 141; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota) ; 
Scl. et Sab. Nomencl. p. 38; Wyatt, Bis, 1871, pp. 127, 330 
(Colombia). 
f Agelaius subalaris, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 13. 
Macragelseus subalaris, Scl. Ibis, 1884, p. 162. 

Beep black, slightly resplendent; tinder wing-coverts dark chestnut 
; bill and feet black: whole length 11 inches, wing 5, tail 5-7. 

Female similar, but rather smaller. 
Hah. Andes of Colombia. 
af k 6 2 &£Uk.
c. rf ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

28. 
HYPOPYREHUS. 
Type. 
Hypopyrrbus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 425 (1850) H. pyrypogaster. 
The bill of this monotypic form is rather stout and thick for one 
of the Quiscalince, but the culmen is decidedly incurved, and the 
mesorhinium is not flattened. Its nearest ally is probably Aphohus, 
with which it agrees in the peculiar structure of the head-feathers. 
But there are no signs of the sulcations on the lower mandible 
which distinguish Aphobus. 

Mange. Andes of Colombia. 

1. Hypopyrrhus pyrypogaster. 
Cassicus pyrohypogastex, Be Tarr. Bev. Zool 1847, p. 252. 
Hypopyrrbus pyrrhogaster, Bp. Consp. i. p. 425; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 154 (Bogota); id. Ibis, 1884, p. 163; Sclat. et Salv. Nomencl. 
5. 39 ; nd. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 510 (Antioquia). 
Quiscalus pyrrhogaster, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 141. 
Quisealus pyrohypogaster, Cassin^ Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1866, p. 412. 
Bull black; feathers of the head and neck above constricted, 
thickened, and with shining shafts; axillaries,lower belly, and crissum 
bright crimson-red; thighs black ; bill and feet black; whole length 

2B2 

40 4 ICTEKIDiE. 

12 inches, wing 5*5, tail 5*5. Female similar, but smaller and 
not quite so bright. 
Hab. Colombia. 
a b. A 2 ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c d S 2 a(i. sk. Envigado, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
e Ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll. 

29. APHOBUS. 
Type. 
Aphobus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 194 (1851) A cliopi. 

Structure of Aphobus chopi. 

The curious sulci on the lower mandible, which are very prominent 
in the adult males, characterize this form, which, if truly Quiscaline, 

29. APHOBXJS. 405 
Is certainly very aberrant The culmen is incurved and the musorhinium 
is not flattened. 
Range. Western Peru, Bolivia, Chili, Argentine Republic, Paraguay, 
and South Brazil. 

1. Aphobus chopi. 
Tordo chopi, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 282. 

Agelains chopi, Vieill. JSFouv.-Diet, xxxiv. p. 537 (1819); id. Eric. 
Meth. ii. p. 712 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 11; Hartl. Ind. 
Azara, p. 4 (Paraguay). 

Icterus unicolor, Licht. Douhl. p. 19; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1208 (Bahia 

and Minas). 
Icterus sulcirostris, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 67, pi. 64. f. 2 (Minas). 
Agelaius sulcirostris, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 803. 
Aphobus chopi, Cab. Mus. Kein. i. p. 194; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 141; 

id. Ibis, 1884, p. 163; Cabanis, J. f. O.1874, p. 85 (Cantagallo, Rio); 
Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 303 (S/Paulo) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 323 
(Tumbez, W. Peru) et p. 750 (W. Peru); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 

p. 339 (Pemambueo); Scl. et Said. Nomencl. p. 39. 
Psarocolius unicolor, Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 281; id. La-Plata Beise, 
ii. p. 494 (Mendoza). 
Uniform black, slightly resplendent; bill and feet black; lower 
mandible sulcated: whole length 9-2 inches, wing 5-2, tail 4. 
Female similar, but smaller and duller; bill not sulcated. 

Hab. South Brazil, Paraguay, northern provinces of Argentine 
Republic, Bolivia and Peru. 

a. ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll. 
? 

b. 6 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Grodnxan Coll. 
Brazil CJoyner). 
c, d. tf J ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 
ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Salvin-Grodman Coll. 

* ? 
ad. sk. Paraguay (?). Sclater Coll. 
ff,h. c? ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.], 
Skeletons. Purchased. 

i,j. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


abbas (Tanagra), 154, 

162. 
abeilla&i (Arreinon), 273, 

278. 
abeillei (Hyphantes), 366. 
abeillei (Icterus), 363, 

366. 
abeillei (Orckesticus), 

207. 
abeillei (Pyrrhula), 297. 
abeillei (Xanthornus), 

366. 
Acrocompsa, 53. 
Acroleptes, 58, 63. 
senea (Euphonia), 84. 
Aliens (Molothrus), 332, 
333, 334. 
seneus (Psarocolius), 334. 
seneus (Qniscalus), 394. 
seqnatorialis (Quiscalus), 

392. 
asstiva (Phoenieosoma), 


182. 
sestiva (Phoenisoma), 182. 
aestiva (Pyranga), 181, 
182, 184. 
aestiva (Tanagra), 182. 
aestiva, var. cooperi (Py~ 
ranga), 184. 
affinis (Acroleptes), 65. 
affinis (Arremon), 256. 
affinis (Bananivorus), 

367. 
affinis (Oassicus), 321, 

325. 
affinis (Euphonia), 63, Q5. 
affinis (Icterus), 367. 
affinis (Pendulinus), 367. 
affinis (Phonasca), 65. 
affinis (Bamphocelus), 

173. 
affinis (Tanagra), 65. 
affinis (Xanthornus), 367. 
Agelseus, 331, 339. 
Agelaioides, 332. 
Agelaius, 339. 
aglseus (Quiscalus), 394. 
Aglaia, 95. 
Agrilorhinus, 2. 
alaudarius (Oacicus), 358, 

albertinse (Calliste), 116, 

118. 
albicollis (Eucometis), 
217, 218. 
albicollis (Pyranga), 217. 
albicollis (Saltator), 283, 
291, 294. 
albicollis (Trichothraupis), 
218. 
albicristata (Sericossypha), 
232. 
albiflorus (Sturnus), 356. 
albifrenatus(Buarremon), 
255, 265. 
albifrons (Oonirostrum), 
13, 16. 
albigula (Oerthiola), 46. 
albigularis (Nemosia), 
223, 227. 
albilateralis (Diglossa), 
3,9. 
albinucha (Atlapetes), 

260. 
albinucha (Buarrenion), 
255, 259, 260. 
albinucha (Bmbernagra), 

260. 
albipes (Leistes), 357. 
albirostris (Archiplanus), 

323. 
albirostris (Oassicus), 

323. 
albirostris (Eamphocelus), 
174. 
albirostris (Tanagra), 

174. 
albispecularis (Tachyphonus), 
208. 
albitempora (Tachyphonus), 
239. 
albitemporalis (Chlorospingus), 
237,239, 243. 
albiyentris (Oalliste), 

119. 
albiventris (Dacrddea), 


249. 
albiventris (Dacnis), 17. 
albiyentris (Diva), 17. 
albiventris (Hemidacnis), 
17, 

albiventris (Pipraeidea), 

17. 
albocristatus(Lamprotes), 

232. 
albocristatus (Tanagra), 

232. 
albofrenatus (Tanagra), 

265. 
alfredi (Oassicus), 318. 
alfredi (Ostinops), 315, 

318. 
amazonum (Thlypopsis) 
228,229. 
Amblycercus, 309, 326. 
Amblyrhamphus, 331, 

350. 
Amblyrhynchus, 350. 
American Hedge-Sparrow, 
48. 
americanus (Leistes), 

349. 
americanus (Oriolus), 

348. 
analis (Oalliste), 141. 
analis (Dacnis), 19, 25. 
analis (Euthraupis), 141 
analis (Iridornis), 140, 

141. 
analis (Tanagra), 141. 
Andriopsar, 362. 
angelica (Dacnis), 18, 22 
angustifrons (Oassicus), 
31& 
angustifrons (Ostinops), 
315,319. 
Anisognathus, 144. 
annse (Euphonia), 64,72. 
anticus (Icterus), 352. 
anticus (Leistes), 352. 
Aphobus, 388, 404. 
Aporophantes, 362. 
Arbelorhina, 31. 
arcflsi (Buthraupis), 147, 

149. 
archangelica (Dacnis), 22. 
archiepiscopus (Tanagra), 
153,161. 
ardens (Phoenisoma), 190. 
ardens (Pyranga), 182, 

190. 

argcntata (Tanagra), 158. 
argontea (Oallibtc), 135, 

137. 
argentea (Chalcothrau: 
pis), 137. 
argentea (Procnopis),137. 
argentea (Tanagra), 135. 
argentea viridicollis (Cal


listc), 137. 
argyrophenges (Oalliste), 
135,137. 
armeuti (Molothrus), 333, 

335. 
Arremon, 272. 
arremonops (Oreothrau pis), 
208. 
arremonops (Saltator), 

298. 
arthus (Oalliste), 109. 
art bus (Tanagra), 109. 
artbusi (Oalliste), 108, 
109. 
assimilis (Agelseus), 340, 
341. 
assimilis (Buarremon), 
255, 257. 
assimilis (Quiscalus), 
393,396. 
assimilis (Tanagra), 257. 
Ateleodacnis, 18. 
Ateleopsar, 382. 
ater (Oassicus), 329. 
ater (Cassidix), 329. 
ater (Molotbrus), 333. 
ater (Orehesticus), 302. 
ater (Quiscalus), 398. 
ater (Saltator), 301. 
ater (Scaphidurus), 329. 
ater obscurus (Moloth


rus), 333. 
aterrima (Diglossa), 3, 8. 
aterrimum (Dicaeum), 47. 
aterrimus (Curaeus), 354. 
aterrimus (Ramphocelus), 

175. 
aterrimus (Sturnus), 354. 
atra (Diucopis), 301. 
atra (Nemosia), 301. 
atra (Seapbidura), 329. 
atra (Schistochlamys), 
atra (Tanagra), 301. 
atrata (Certbiola), 37, 47. 
atricapilla (Buarremon), 

255,259. 
atricapilla (Oalliste), 135, 
ISO. 
atricapilla (Cbalcothraupis), 
136. 
atricapilla (Oblorophanes), 
29. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

atricapilla (Ccereba), 29. 

atricapilla (Dacnis), 29. 

atricapilla (Pogonothrau


pis), 204. 

atricapilla (Tanagra\204. 

atricapillus (Laniu), 201, 

202, 204. 

atricapillus (Tachypho


nus), 205. 

atriceps (Saltator), 282, 

283. 
atriceps (Tanagra), 283. 
atiicollis (Saltator), 283, 
293. 
atricollis (Tanagra), 293. 
atricrissa (Pceuilothraupis), 
145. 

atripennis (Saltator), 2S2, 

2SG. 

atripileus(Arremon),245. 

atripileus (Chloro.spin


gus), 238, 245. 
atripileus (Pipilop&ih), 


245. 
atrocairulea (Oalliste). 94. 
atrocoerulea (Clialcothraupis), 
94. 
atrocasrulea (Diva), 94. 
atrocajrulea (Procnopis), 

93,94. 
atrocastaneus (Ostinops), 
317, 318. 
atrocbalybeus (Pitvlus), 

304. 
atrococcineus (Ramphopis), 
174. 
atrocyaneum (Conirostrum), 
13. 16. 
atrogularis (Icterus), 378. 
atronitens (Molothrus), 

333, 337. 
atro-olivaceus (Caryothraustes), 
305. 
atro-olivaceus (Icterus), 


352. 
atro-olivaceus (Pitvlus), 
305. ' J 
atro-purpuratus (Periporphyrus), 
305. 
atro-purpuratus (Pitvlus), 
305. 
atrosericeus (Eampbocelus), 
174,175. 
atrosericeus (Rhamphocoelus), 
170, 175. 
atrosericeus (Ramphopis), 
175. 
atroviolaceus (Dives), 392 

393. 
atroviolaceus (Quiscalus), 
393. 
atroviolaceus (Scaphidu


rusj, 393. 

atro\iolaceus (Scoleeo


phagus), 39;j. 

atro\ irens (Oassicus), 317, 

318. 
atruvirens (Ostinops), 
315, 317, 31s. 319. 

audubonii (Icterus), ;J75. 

aurantiirostris (Arre


mon). 272, 275. 

aurantiirostris (Saltator), 

283, 292. 
aurantius (Icterus), :js;j. 
aurantius (Lanio), 202. 
aurantius (Xanthornus), 


383. 
auratus (Icterus), 3G3, 
380, 3.82. 
aureata (Cyanuphonia), 


61. 
aureata (Euphonia), (Si. 
aureata (Tanagra), (Jl. 
auricapillus (Icterus j , 
362, 363, 377. 
auricapillus (Pcndulinus), 

377. 
auricapillus (Tanagra), 
220. 
aurieollis (Xemosia), 226. 
auricrissa (Dubusia), 163. 
auricvissa (Tanagra), 163. 
auricularis (Chlorospingus), 
238, 245. 
auritus (Lanio), 209. 
aurulenta (Oalliste;, 95, 


108. 
aurulenta (Chrysotbraupis), 
108. 
aurulenta (Tanagra), 

108. 
autumualis (Fringilla), 
111. 
avis (Episcopus), 154. 
axillaris (Arremon), 273, 
r77\

axillaris (Cblorospingus), 

214. 
axillaris (Tanagra), 279. 
azarec (Phoenisoma), 184, 
185. 
azarffi (Pvranga), 181, 
184, 186,187. 
azaraa (Saltator), 291. 

badius (Agelaius), 338. 
badius (Doliehonyx), oof^. 
badius (Icterus), 338. 
badius (Molothrus), 332, 

oo3, 338. 
Bahama Titmouse, 37. 

balmmensis (Certhia), 37. 
bahamensis (Certliiola) 

bahamezteis (Pringilla) 

imi Ji 

bairdi (Certliiola), 37. 
fealtimore (Hyphantes), 
3*54. 
baWmore (Icterus), 382, 

3»K>, tWA. 
Baltimore Oriole, -364. 
b lltiinore (Oriolus), 364. 
baltimore (Tphautes), 

:m. 

baltimorensis (Hyphanfariltsiiiorei'His 
(Icteras), 
:]ii4. 

buiianiTora (Certliiola), 
m, 40. 
bmanirora (llotacllla), 

40. 
BwiiiniTOriis, 3$*2. 
hirh%(htidM (Callospiza), 
na 

b trftfttkwls (Certliiola), 
37, HI 
bartiMierwis (Tanagra), 
llll. 
b i rbuden*is eserulea 

(Tanagra), 111). 
barita (draeula), 39.S. 
barita (Quiscalus), 401, 

4fFZ 
barita (Scaphidura), 

329. 
baritula (Diglossa), 2, 3. 
barifcos (Chaleophanes), 
39a 
baritus (Quiecalns), 394, 
396,309. 
baritua, v&r. brachypterus 
(Quise&lus), 399. 
baritus, var. gundlachii 
(Quiacalus), 398. 
baritus, var. niger (Quiscalus), 
398. 
bartbolemica (Certhia), 

42. 
bartholemica (Certbiola), 
37, 42, 43. 
be&upertbuyi (Taehypbonus), 
207. 
bcfiieon (Trupialis), 356, 

357. 
boincclteti (Spindalis), 166, 
i«;s. 
berfepscfai (Chlorospingi
»)f2»a251. 
Bethylu* 209. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

bicolor (Amblyramphus), 

351. 
bicolor (Conirostrum), 
13. 
bicolor (Dacnis), 27. 
bicolor (Bendroeca), 27. 
bicolor (Euphonia), 79. 
bicolor (Neetarinia), 19. 
bicolor (Saltator), 299. 
bicolor (Sylvia), 27. 
bidentata (Plicenicosonia), 
190. 
bidentata (Pyranga), 
m 182,190. 
bifasciatus (Cassicus), 

313. 
bifasciatus (Gymnostit 
nops), 313. 
bifasciatus (Ostiuops), 

313. 
bifasciatus (Psarocolius), 
313. 
bilineatus (Spindalis), 
im. 

bivitfcata (Phcenicosoma), 

189. 
bivittata (Phcenisoma), 
190. 
bivittata (Pyranga), 189. 
Black-crowned Oriole, 
362. 
Black-faced Tanager, 302. 
Black-beaded Tanager, 
204. 
blanda (jSfemosia), 228. 
Blue-bird (Bed-bellied), 
87. 
boliviana (Calliste), 119, 
121. 
boliviana (Callospiza), 
121. 
bonana (Icterus), 363, 
368. 
bonana (Oriolus), 308. 
bonana (Pendulinus), 368. 
bonana (Xanfchomus), 
368. 
bonapartii (Agrilorbinus), 
7. 
bonariensis (Loxia), 164. 
bonariensis (Molothrus), 

332, 333, 335. 
bonariensis (Tanagra), 
154,164, 232, 335. 
bourcieri (Calliparcea), 

90. 
bourcieri (Calliste), 90. 
bourcieri (Chlorochrysa), 
90. 
brachypterus 
(Chalcophanes), 
399. 


brachypterus (Phonasea), 

74. 
braehypterus (Quiscalus), 
394, 399. m 
braniekii (Diva), 94. 
branickii [Proeno]>is), 93, 

94. 
brasilia (Ramphopis), 
170. 
brasilia (Tanagra), 170. 
brasiliensis f Calliste), 95, 
96,119. 
brasiliensis (Callospiza), 

119. 
brasiliensis (Oaryothraustes), 
306. 
brasiliensis (Pitylus), 303, 

306. 
brasiliensis (Tanagra), 
119. 
brasiliensis viridis (Sylvia), 
224. 
brasilius (Ramphocelus), 

170. 
brasilius (Rhamphoccelus), 
169, 170. 
Brazilian Tanager, 170. 
brelayi (Uncirostrum), 3. 
brevipennis (Dacnis), 20. 
brevipennis (Helinaia), 

26. 
brevipes (Arbelorhina), 
32. 
brevipes (Ccereba), 32. 
brevirostris (Aeroleptes), 
67. 
brevirostris (Arbelorhina), 
34. 
brevirostris (Ccereba), 34. 
brevirostris (Euphonia), 

67. 
brevirostris (Icterus),338. 
brevirostris (Pezites),357. 
breweri (Quisealus), 391. 
brunnea (Tanagra), 210. 
brunneinucba (Buarremon), 
255, 258, 259. 
brunneinucba (Emberna 
gra), 258. 
brunneinucba (Tanagra), 

258. 
br mmeiventris(Diglossa), 
3,5. 
brunneus (Chlorospingus), 
215. 
bryanti (Buphonia), 60. 
Buarremon, 253, 254. 
bullocki (Hypbantes), 

365. 
bullocki 
(Icterus), 363, 
365 

bullocki, var. abeillei 
(Icterus), 366. 
bullocMi (Xanthornus), 

365. 
bullocMi (Yphantes), 365. 
bursarius (Japus), 326. 
Butbraupis, 139, 147. 

cabanisi (Oalliste), 122, 
123 
caboti*(Certhiola), 36,38. 
Cacicus, 320. 
caelestis (Tanagra), 156, 

159. 
cserulea (Arbelorliina), 
34cserulea 
(Certhia), 33. 
cserulea (Coereba), 19, 31. 
33,35. 
cssrulea (Neornis), 48. 
cserulea (Pyrrbula), 143. 
cserulea (Tersina), 50. 
cseruleifrons (Conirostrum), 
16. 
cseruleocepbala (Aglaia), 

127. 
caerulescens (Coccothraustes), 
304. 
caerulescens (Diglossa),ll. 
caerulescens (Diglossopis), 

11. 
caerulescens (Pitylus), 


304. 
cssrulescens (Saltator), 
283, 287, 290, 291. 
casruleus (Hylophilus), 

223. 
csBruleus (Stephanophorus), 
143. 
califor nicus(Pendulinus), 

386. 
Calliparasa, 89. 
calliparsea (Oalliste), 90. 
calliparsea (Oallospiza), 

90. 
calliparia (Oblorochrysa), 
89,90. J 
Oalliste, 86, 95. 
Callitbraupis, 193. 
callophrys (Acrocompsa), 

callophrys (Chlorophonia), 
53, 58. 
callophrys (Hypotblypis), 

89. 
caHophrys(Triglypnidia), 

58. 
Oallotbrus, 332. 
Oalocbsetes, 139, 179. 
calopbrys (Ohlorospingus), 
238, 245. 

ALPHABETICAL IKDIX. 

calopbrys (Tanagrella), 
87,89. 
Oalospiza, 95. 
Calyptopbilus, 233, 235. 
campestris (Motacilla), 

48. 

cana (Tanagra), 154,156. 
cana (Tkraupis), 155,156. 
Canada Grrosbeak, 306. 
canadensis (Loxia), 306. 
canadensis (Pitylus), 306. 
canigularis (Clalorospingus), 
238, 242. 
canigularis (Pipilopsis), 

242. 
canigularis (Tacbyphonus), 
242. 
capistrata (Dmcopis),30L 
capistrata (SchistocMamys), 
301. 
capistrata (Tanagra), 301. 
capistratus (Orcbesticus), 

301. 
capitalis (Buarremon), 


254. 
capitalis (Pezopetes), 253, 

254. 
earbonaria (Diglossa), 2, 
3,6. 
carbonarium (Serrirostram), 
6. 
Oarenocbrous, 254. 
carmioli (Cblorofcbraupis), 
194. 
carmioli (Phoenicothraupis), 
194. 
carneipes (Ocereba), 32. 
Oarouge, 3ti8. 
Carouge de Mexique, 380. 
Oarouge de St. Doraingue, 

371. 
Oaryotbraustes, 303. 
Oassieuloides, 362. 
Oassiculus, 309, 328. 
Oassicus, 309, 320. 
Oassidix, 309, 329. 
cassini (Eucometis), 217, 

219. 
cassini (Molothrus), 333, 

337. 
cassini (Tachyphonns), 

219. 
Cassique bupp6 de Cayenne, 
315. 
Cassique rouge de Br6sil, 

324. 
Cassique yert de Cayenne. 

316. 
castaneiceps (Buarremon), 
255, 261. 

castaneieoHis (Cblorospingus), 
238, 249. 
castaneifrons (Boarremon), 
256, 268. 
castaneiyentris (Oalliste), 

142. 
eastaneiventris (Delothraupis), 
142. 
castaneiventris (Pipridea), 
142. 
castanonota (Oalliste), 

114. 
caudacutus (Psarocolius), 

331. 
cayana (Aglaia), 114 
eayana (Oalliste), 111, 

114. 
cayana (Oalospiza), 112, 
cayana (Certma I, 32. 
cayana (Dacnis), IB. 19. 

cayana (Eupbonia), 79, 

81. 
cayana (Motacilla), 19. 
cayana (Saltator), IMS. 
cayana (Sjhia), 22. 
cayana (Tanagra), 81,111, 

114. 
cayanensis (Oallospiza), 

cayanensis (Caryothraustes), 
306. 
cayanensis (Frusgilla), 
3011 
cayanensis (Icterus), 3158, 
*3n0,37O. 
cayanensis (Oriolus), 369. 
cayanensis (Penduliuus), 

369. 
cayanensis (Pitylus), 300. 
cayanensis cserulea (Salvia). 
19. 
cayanub (Coracias), 286. 
Cayenne Roller, 280. 
cayennengis (Euplionia), 

81. 
cayenneiDsi8(TaQagra},8l celano 
(Fringiila), 30,1. 
celseno (Pitylus), 303*300. 
Certhidea, 12, 27. 
Certhiola, 29, 50. 
chalcopagfca (XSaphoraa), 

82. 
Ohalcopbanus, 393. 
Chaieotfaranpis, 95. 
chalybea (Buphonia), 84. 
chalybea (Hypopli«a),84, 
chalybea (Pbonasea), 84. 
chalybea (Tanagra), 84. 
ehapoul (Aglaia), 90. 
cMensis (Aglaia), 97. 

cHorieterus (TachyDhonns), 
193. J F 
^oroeapffia (Pipm), 54. 
CMorochrysa, 86, 89. 
eHoroeyanea {Tanagra), 

80. 
chloronota (Buthraupis), 
147,148. 
Cblorophanes, 29. 
CHorophonia, 53. 
chloropfera (Tanagra), 

chioropyga (Certhiola), 
-37,4-1. 
Chlorornis, 281. 
ChloroBpingns, 236, 237 
CMorotbraupis, 180,194. 
chlorotica (Eupbonia) ,58 
63, 64, 82. h ' 
chlorotica (Phonasca), 64. 
chlorotica (Tanagra), 64. 
chloroticus (Acroleptes), 

04. 
chopi (Agelaius), 404. 
chopi (Aphobus), 345,405. 
clirjsocarpus (Cacieus), 

chrvsocarpus (Xanthornusj, 
343. 
ehrysoeephalus (Icterus), 
3112, 363, 369. 
chrysooephalus (Oriolus), 

chrysocephalus (Pendulinus), 
369. 
chrysocephalus (Xanthoma), 
369. 
ehrysogsster (Chloro-
Bpingus), 238, 246. 
chrysogaster (Ixothraupis), 
106. 
chrysogaster (Tanagra), 
79,164. 
cbrysogasfea (Tanagra), 

61. 
ehrysolopha (Tanagra), 

140. 
cbrvsomeks (Tachyphonus), 
206, 210. 
Chrysomus, 339. 
chrysonota (Oalliste),! 12. 
chrysonotus (Cassiculus), 

322. 
chrysonotus (Cassicus), 
321,322. 
chrysonotus (Bamphocelufl), 
177. 
chrysonotus (Bhamphoecelus), 
170,177. 
chrytfopaeta (Euphonia), 
81,82. 

ALPHABETICAL OTOEX. 

cbrysopbrys (Oalliste), 

clirysopbrys (Chlorospingus), 
238, 247. 
chrysopis (Nemosia), 229. 
cbrysopis (Thlypopsis), 
228,229. 
Cbrysopoga, 254. 
ehrysopogon (Atlapetes), 

259. 
ebrysopogon (Buarremon), 
259. 
chrysoptera (Aglaia), 116. 
chrysoptera (Gracula), 

369. h 
chrysoptera (Gyrola), 

116. 
chrysopterus (Agelaius), 
343, 369. 
chrysopterus (Agelasticus), 
343. 
chrysopterus (Icterus), 

343. 
chrysopterus (Xanthornus), 
323, 343, 369, 

370. 
Chrysothraupis, 95. 
chrysotis (Oalliste), 129, 
133, 134. 
chrysotis (Ohrysothraupis), 
134. 
cinerea (Euphonia), 85. 
cinereoeephalus (Chloro_ 
spingus), 238, 244. 
cinereran (Conirostrum), 
13,15. 
Cissopis, 298, 299. 
Cissurus, 303. 
citreus (Cassicus), 315. 
citrinella (Aglaia), 101. 
citrinella (Buarremon), 
256, 270. 
citrinella (Oalliste), 101. 
citrinella (Ohrysothraupis), 
101. 
citrinella (Tanagra), 100. 
citrinus (Icterus), 362. 
citrius (Oriolus), 315. 
clusiae (Certhiola), 41. 
Clypeicterus, 309, 310. 
coccinea (Pyranga), 185, 

186. 
coccinea (Eampkopis), 

170. 
coccinea (Tanagra), 182. 
coccineus (Oalochaetes), 
179,180. 
coccineus (Euchsetes),! 80. 
coccineus (Raniphocelus), 

170. 
eoelestis (Euphonia), 62. 

eoelestis (Tanagra)5 153, 

155. 
coelicolor (Oalliste), 96. 
Ocereba, 29, 31. 
coerebicolor (Arbelorbina), 
21. 
coerebicolor (Dacnis), 18, 
19, 21. 
coerulea (Proenias), 50. 
coerulea microrhyncha 
(Ocereba), 34. 
coerulea occidentalis 
(Proenias), 51. 
coeruleocepbala (Oalliste), 

127. 
coeruleocephala (Euphonia), 
59. 
coeruleocepbala granaclensis 
(Oalliste), 127. 
collaris (Sturnella), 358. 
collurio (Corvus), 299. 
columbiana (Oertbiola), 

38. 
columbiana (Tanagra), 

191. 
Comarophagus, 205. 
Oompsocoma, 139, 150. 
comptus (Buarremon), 
255,264. 
concinna (Euphonia), 64, 
69,70. 
concinna (Phonasca), 69. 
concinnus (Acroleptes), 

69. 
Conirostrurn, 12, 13. 
Oonotbraupis, 272, 280. 
constantii (Tanagra), 144. 
cooperi (Pyranga), 181, 

184. 
coronatus (Agelaius), 213. 
coronatus (Cassiculus), 

328. 
coronatus(Tacbyphonus), 
206,213. 
coronatus (Xanthornus), 

328. 
corvinus (Quiscalus), 395. 
coryphseus (Pyrrota), 

213. 
coryphseus (Tanagra), 

213. 
coztototl (Psarocolius), 

366. 
crassirostra (Seaphidura), 

329. 
crassrrostris(Buarremon), 
255, 262. 
crassirostris (Cassicus), 

325. 
crassirostris (Euphonia), 
76,77. 

412 

crassirostris (Quiscalus), 
393, 394,398,399. 
Creeper, Black-and-Yel


low, 43. 
Crested Tanager, 210. 
Oreurgops, 181, 215. 
cristata (Eucometis), 217, 

218. 
cristata (Phcenieothraupis), 
196, 201. 
cristata (Pipilopsis), 218. 
cristata (Tanagra), 210, 

212. 
eristatella (Tanagra), 213. 
cristatellus (Tachyphonus), 
210. 
cristatus (Cassicus), 315. 
cristatus (Lanio), 212. 
cristatus (Oriolus), 315, 

316. 
cristatus (Ostinops), 315. 
cristatus (Psarocolius), 
315. 
cristatus (Tachyphonus), 
206, 210,214." 
croconotus (Icterus), 362, 
364,3S3. 
croconotus (Psarocolius), 

383. 
oucullata (Aglaia), 113. 
cucullata (Buthraupis), 
147,148. 
cucullata (Calliste), 111, 

113. 
cucullatus (Icterus), 363, 
376. 
cucullatus (Pendulinus), 
376. 
cucullatus (Pyranga), 192. 
cucullatus igneus (Icterus), 
376. 
cucullatus nelsoni (Icte


rus), 376. 
Ouraeus, 331,354. 
cura3us (Leistes), 354. 
CUMBUS (Psarocolius).354. 
curseus (Turdus), 354. 
curasoensis (Icterus), 363, 

381. 
cyanater (Daenis), 19. 
cyanea (Arbelorhina), 32. 
cyanea (Certhia), 32. 
cyanea (Coereba), 31, 32. 
cyanea (Diglossa), 10, 
cyanea eximia (Coereba), 
32. 
cyanea (Piprseidea), 92. 
cyaneicollis(Calliste), 124, 
127,128. 
cyaneiventris (Calliste), 
98,100. 

ALPHABETICAL INBEX. 

cyanescens (Calliste), 123. 
cyanescens (Xanfcliornus), 

343. 
cyaneurn (Conirostrum), 
13,14. 
cyaneurn (Uncirostrum), 

10. 
cyanicollis (Aglaia), 127. 
cyanicollis (Callospiza), 
127. 
cyanicollis (Tanagra), 127. 
cyanietera (Pyranga), 193. 
Cyanicterus, 180, 193. 
cyanicterus (Callithraupis), 
193. 
cyanicterus (Orthogonys), 

193. 
cyanilia (Tanagra), 159. 
cyanoeephala (Aglaia), 
100,162. 
cyanoeephala (Daenis), 

19. 
cyanoeephala (Dubusia), 
163. 
cyanoeephala (Tanagra), 
100,154,162. 
cyanoeephala (MotaciUa), 

19. 
cyanoeephala (Xeetarinia), 
19. 
cyanoeephala (Pipra), 61. 
cyanoeephala (Thraupis), 

162. 
cyanocephalus (Psarocolius), 
390. 
cyanocephalus (Scoleeopbagus), 
390. 
Cyanodacnis, 18. 
Cyanodiglossa, 2. 
cyano-dorsahs (Eu


phonia), 53. 
cyanogastra (Certhia), 


32. 
cvanohema (Calliste), 
112. 
cyanolaima (Calliste), 
112. 
cyanoleucus(Hylophiius), 
223. 
cyanomeleena (Tanagrella), 
87, 88. 
cyanornelas (Bacnis), 19, 
cyanomelas (Fringilla), 

19. 
cyanomelas (Tanagra), 
88. 
cyanomelas (Tanagrella), 

Cyanophonia, 58. 
cyanoptera (Aglaia), 

135. 
cyanoptera (Cailispiza), 

* 135. 
cyanoptera (Calliste), 96, 
* 133. 
cyanoptera (Compsocoma). 
151. 
cyanoptera (Tanagra), 

154. 156.. 157. 
cyanoptera (Thraupis), 
" 158. 
cyan jpterus (Saltator), 

cvanopus (Agelseus;, 340, 

cyanopus (IcteruA 345, 
cvariopvgia X"aliistt> 124, 

"12S/ 
Cyanothru*. 532. 
evanotis (Calliste j, 120, 

" 131. 
evanoveiitris (Calliste), 
"117. 
c ya M veil tri * < G v r A&), 

* 117. 
evano veneris {TdntitiTd), 
* ion. 
Cypsnagra, 221. 
DaenicVa. 237. 
Dacnis, 12, I.* 
darwmi (Tciiiagm). L>4S 

im, if>r». 
decuman us (Ostinojw), 


315. 
deeumanub (Xanthomas), 
315. 
defilippii (Sturnella), 
357. 
defilippii (Trupialis L 35G, 
357. m 
delattrii (Tachyphonua), 
20l>, 213. 
Delothraupis, 13i*. 142. 
dentata (Malaeo thraupis), 

210. 
dentata (Pliceni.s min).f 
187. 
desniaresti (Callistf), 1 IB, 
118. 
desmare-ti (T&iiagrn), 
212. 
devillii (Arremon), 272, 
274. 
devillii (Cassicus). 314. 
devillii (Osiinop?), M4, 
diaconus (Tanagra), IfMl 
diademata (Xemosia), 
143. 
diademata (Tanagra), 
diadeznafcus (Icterus), 328. 

Biglossa, 2. 
"Diglossopis, 2,11. 
dimidiate (Eampbo_ 
celus), 172. 
dimidiates (Eamphopis), 

dimidiatns (Rhamphocce


lus), 170, 172. 

discolor (llolothrns), 337. 

discolor (Passerina), 336. 

Diucopis, 272, 270. 

Diva, 93. 

diva (Tanagra), 93. 

Divaricated Tanager, 296. 

Dirc% 338, 391. 

dire* (Lamprupsar), 302. 

dives (Scoleeophagus), 

392. 
Dolichonyx, 331. 
dominicana (Certbiola), 
37, 44. 

dominicensis (Icterus), 
352, 3113, 370, 371. 
dominicciisifl (Oriohis), 


371. 
dominicensis (Pendu-
Jinus), 371,372. 
dominicensis (Phcenicophiliw), 
234. 
dominicensis (Tanagra), 

167. 
dominicensis (Xanthornus), 
370. 
dominicensis,var. portoricensis 
(Icterus), 371dominioensis, 
var. wagleri 
(Icterus), 372. 
d'orbignii (Uncirostrum), 

4. 
d'orbignyi (Diglossa), 4. 
dorsalis (Bamphocelus), 
171. 
dorsali»(Elmraphoccel us), 
170, 171. 
dowi (Oalliste), 122,124. 
dresseri (Buarremon), 

255, 266. 
dresseri (Carenochrous), 

2136. 
dubius (Japus), 323. 
dubusi (Icterus), 363, 

381 
Dubusia, 139,152. 
dubusia (Euthraupis), 

140. 
dubusia (Iridornis), 139, 
140. 
dubusia (Iridosornis), 
140. 
dubusia (Tanagra), 140. 
dubusii (Tanagrella), 90. 
ALPHABETICAL I^LEX. 

dupHcata (Tanagra), 296. 

edwardsi (Buthraupis), 

147,150. 
egregja (Dacnis), 18, 22. 
egregia aequatorialis (Dac


nis), 23. 
©lseoprorus (Buarremon), 
255, 265. 
elegans (Compsocoma), 

151. 
elegans (Psittospiza), 281, 
282. 
elegans (Saltator), 282. 
elegans (Tachyphonus), 
151. 
elegans (Tanagra), 100. 
elegantissima (Euphonia), 
59, 62. 
elegantissima (Pipra), 62. 
elegantissima (Tana


grella), 88. 
ephippialis (Eamphoce


lus), 171. 
episcopus (Aglaia), 158. 
episcopus (Caryo


thraustes), 307. 
episcopus (Tanagra), 153, 
154, 155, 156, 158. 
erythrocephala (Pyranga), 
182, 192. 
erythrocephala (Spermagra), 
192. 
erythrolsema (Phcenieothraupis), 
199. 

erythromelasna (Pyranga), 
182,189. 
erythromelas (Oocco


thraustes), 305. 
erythromelas (Loxia), 

305. 
erythromelas (Periporphyrus), 
305. 
erythromelas (Pitylus), 
303,305. 
erythromelas (Pyranga), 

188. 
erythromelas (Tanagra), 
189,190. 
erythropis (Pyranga), 

191. 
Erythropsar, 339. 
erythrorhynchus (Arremon), 
275. 
erythrorhynchus (Pitylus), 
304. 
erythrothorax (Leistes), 

348. 
erythrotis (Aglaia), 145. 
eryfchrotis (Tanagra), 
145. 
Etourneau des terres Ma


gellaniques, 356. 

EuchsBtes, 179. 

Eucometes, 181,217. 

Eucometis, 217. 

Eucorystes, 309, 311. 

Eudacnis, 18. 

Euo]>sar, 362. 

Euphagus, 390. 

Euphone organiste, 60. 

Euphone a ventre mar


ron, 80. 

Euphonia, 53, 58. 

Euprepiste, 25. 

Euschemon, 95. 

Euthraupis, 139. 

eximia (Arbelorhina), 

32. 
eximia (Buthraupis), 147, 
149. 
eximia (Coereba), 32. 
eximia (Tanagra), 149. 
exsul (Spindalis), 168. 
fanny (Aglaia), 125. 
fanny (Oalliste), 125. 
fasciata (Diucopis), 

279. 
fasciata (Tanagra), 279. 
fastosa (Oalliste), 98. 
fastuosa (Tanagra), 98. 
fastuosa (Tatao), 98. 
ferruginea (Gracula), 
390. 
ferrugineiventre (Conirostrum), 
13,15. 
ferrugineus (Oriolus), 

390. 
ferrugineus (Scolecophagus), 
390. 
festiva (Callispiza), 100. 
festiva (Oalliste), 98, 

100. 
festiva (Tanagra), 100. 
festiva (Tatao), 100. 
figlina (Pyranga), 181, 
185. 
Finch, Eufous-chinned, 
48. 
finschi (Certhiola), 37, 
47. 
finschi (Euphonia), 64, 
70. 
flammiceps (Tanagra), 
196. 
flammigerus (Eamphocelus), 
177. 
flammigerus (Ramphopis), 
176,177. 
flammigerus 
(Ehamphocoelus), 
170, 177. 

{lava (Oallispiza), 114. 
flava (Callisto), 95, 90, 
111, 113. 
lla\a (Tanagra), 113. 
flavaxilla (Xanthomus), 

370. 
flaveola (Oerthia), 37, 43. 
flaveola (Oertliiola), 36, 
37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46. 
flaveola (Ooereba), 44. 
flaviceps (Psarocolius), 
34G. 
flavicola (Nectarinia), 44. 
flavicollis (Hemithraupis), 
226. 
flavicollis (Nemosia), 223, 

225. 
flavicrissus (Oassiculus), 

322. 
flavicrissus (Cassicus), 

320. 
flaviclicollis (Saltator), 
283, 204. 
flavifrons (Ernberiza), 63. 
flavifrons (Euphonia), 59, 
60, 63. 
flavifrons (Tanagra), 63. 
flavigasler (Pendulinus), 

371. 

flavigasier (Psarocolius), 

372. 
flavigularis (Ohlorospingus), 
238, 243. 
flavigularis (Pipilopsis), 

243. 
flavinucha (Compsocoma), 
150, 152. 
flavinuoha (Tachyphonus), 
151, 152. 
flavinucha (Tanagra), 

152. 
flavipectus (Arremon), 

242. 
flavipectus (Chlorospingus), 
238, 242. 
flavipectus (Pipilopsis), 

242. 
flavipectus (Tachyphonus), 
242. 
flavirostris (Arremon), 
272, 274. 
flavirostris (Chlorophonia), 
53, 56. 
flaviventre (Oonirostrum), 
23. 
flaviventris (CaUispiza), 

120. 
flaviventris (OaUiste), 
119,120,121. 
flaviventris (Ohlorospingus), 
239. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

flaviventris (Dacnis), 18, 

23. 
flaviventris (Tanagra), 
120,121. 
flavocinereus (Pitylus), 

307. 
flavovirens (Buarreraon), 

244. 
flavovirens (Chlorospingus), 
238, 244. 
flavus (Agelasus), 340, 

346. 
flavus (Ohrysomus), 346. 
flavus (Icterus), 346. 
flavus (Leistes), 346. 
flavus (Oriolus), 346. 
flavus (Xanthomus), 346. 
flavus (Xanthosomus), 


346. 
florida (OaUiste), 98, 

103. 
forbesi (Agel^us), 340, 

345. 
forinosa (Tanagra), 114. 
formosus (Icterus), 385. 
fortirostris (Quiscalus), 
394,400. 
franciscse (OaUiste), 125. 
frantzii (Oallispiza), 110. 
frantzii (OaUiste), 110. 
fraseri (Conirostrum), 12, 
13,15. 
fraseri (Oreomanes), 12. 
fringillarius (Agelaius), 

338. 
fringillarius (Icterus), 

339. 
fringillarius (Molothrus), 
333,339. 
frontalis (Agelaius), 340, 

347. 
frontalis (Arremon), 258. 
frontalis (Oertliiola), 44. 
frontalis (Chlorophonia), 
53, 55. 
frontalis (Ohrysomus), 

347. 
frontalis (Dolichonyx), 

347. 
frontalis (Euphonia), 55. 
frontalis (Xanthosomus), 

347. 
frugilegus (OaUiste), 165. 
frugilegus (Chrvsothraupis), 
165. 
frugilegus (Tanagra), 165. 
frugivorus (Oalyptophilus), 
235. 
frugivorus (Phcmicophilus), 
235. 
fuliginosa (Loxia), 304. 

f uliginosus (Pitylus), 303, 

304. 
fulvescens (Nemosia), 228, 

229. 
fulvescens (Thlypopsis), 

228. 
fulviceps (Buarremon), 
256,270. 
fulviceps (Emberiza), 

270. 
fulviceps (Nemosia), 228, 

230. 
fulviceps (Pipilopsis), 

270. 
fulviceps (Thlypopsis), 
228, 229. 
fulvicervix (OaUiste), 129, 

130. 
fulvicrissa (Acroleptes), 

73. 
fulvicrissa (Euphonia), 
64,73. 
fulvicrissa (Phonasca), 

73. 
fumigata (Tanagra), 221. 
fusca (Oerthidea), 28. 
fuscicauda (Phoenicothraupis), 
196, 199. 
fuscipennis (Dolichonyx), 

339. 

galbula (Icterus), 364. 
galeata (Muscicapa), 220. 
galericulata (Pipra), 62. 
gasquet (Xanthornus), 

352. 
genalis (Saltator), 291, 
giganteus (Arremon), 

283. 
gigantodes (Saltator), 

284. 
giraudi (Icterus), 363, 

379. 
glauca (Diglossa), 3,11. 
glauca (Tanagra), 154, 

155. 
glaucocolpa (Tanagra), 
154,155,159. 
glaucocolpa (Thraupis), 

159. 
gloriosa (Diglossa), 3, 5. 
G-lossiptila, 47. 
gnatho (Euphonia), 73, 

76. 
gnatho (Fringilla), 304. 
gnatho (Phonasca), 76. 
gnatho (Pitylus), 304. 
gnatho (Tanagra), 283. 
goeringi (Ghlorospingus), 
238,250. 
Gold-headed Oriole, 369. 

gouldi (Calliste), 98,102. 
gouldi (Euphonia), 73, 

81. 
grace-aanse (Icterus), 363, 
378. 
gracilis (Aeroleptes), 60. 
gracilis (Euphonia), 64, 
69. 
gracilis (Phonasca), 69. 
Grakle, Purple, 394. 
graminea (Calliste), 103, 
106. 
gramiuea (Tanagra), 106. 
Grand Tanager, 286. 
grandis (Saltator), 283, 
288. 
grandis (Tanagra), 288. 
graysoni (Icterus), 364, 
387. 
graysoni (Quiscalus), 393, 
397. 
Grimpereau de Bresil, 32. 
Grimpereau a tete noirde 
Bresil, 29. 
Grimpereau Terd de Bresil, 
19. 
Grimpereau verd de Cayenne, 
29. 
Grimpereau verd tachete 
de Cayenne, 33. 
Griyerd de Cayenne, 

286. 
Grosbeak, Canada, 306. 
Grosbeak, Grey, 85. 
Grosbeak, Sooty, 304. 
Grosbeak, White-
throated, 303. 
Grosbec bleu d' Anaerique, 

303. 
grossa (Loxia), 303. 
grossus (Pitylus), 303. 
guaclalupensis (Saltator), 
283, 295. 
guadeloupensis (Quiscalus), 
394, 401. 
guatemalensis (Chlorophanes), 
29. 
guatirnozinus (Cassicus), 

314. 
guatimozinus (Gymnostinops),
313,314._ 
guatimozinus (Ostinops), 

314. 
gubernator (Psarocolius), 
341. 
gubernator (Agelaaus), 
340,341. 
gubernatrix (Tanagra), 

210. 
guianensis (Oerthiola), 
45. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

guianensis (Lampropsar), 

38b. 
guianensis (Leibtea), 348. 
guianen&is (Oriolus), 348. 
guianensis (Pedotnbes). 

348. 
guianen&is (Trupialis), 
348. 
guira (Hylophilus), 224. 
guira (Motacilla), 224. 
guira (JSeraosia), 223, 
224. 
Guira Warbler, 224. 
guirahuro (Agelaius),352. 
guirahuro (Icterus), 352. 
guirahuro (Pseudoleistes), 
351, 352. 
guirina (Nemosia), 224. 
Guit-guit, 32. 
Guit-guit noir et bleu, 33. 
gularis (Icterus), 362, 

364, 384. 
gularis (Psarocolius), 384. 
gularis (Saltator), 287. 
gundlaehi (Chalco


phanes), 398. 
gundlaehi (Quiscalus), 


394, 398. 
guttata (Callispiza), 105. 
guttata (Calliste), 103, 

105. 
guttulata (Calliste), 105. 
guttulata (Ixothraupis), 
105. 
guttulatus (Icterus), 080. 
guttoalis (Arrernon),259. 
gutturalis (Buarremon), 
254, 255, 259. 
gutturalis (Phoenico


thraupis), 196, 201. 
gutturalis (Saltator), 287. 
Gynmomystax, 361. 
gymnops (Psarocolius), 

362. 
Gymnostinops, 309, 312. 
Gyrola, 95. 
gyrola (Aglaia), 117gyrola 
(Callispiza), 116, 
gyrola (Calliste), 95, 96, 

116. 
gyrola (Tanagra), 114, 
115,116, 117,118. 
gyroloides (Aglaia), 117. 
gyroloides (Calliste), 116, 

117,118. 

habia (Lamprospiza), 

296. 
habia (Psaris), 296. 
habia (Tityra), 296. 
Habia de ceia blauca, 

290. 
Habia goia uegra, 293. 
Habia pico imraniado, 
292. 
hoamalea (Pyranga), 181, 
185. 
hflsmorrhouB (Cacicus), 
324,325. 
hasmorrhous (Cassicus), 
320, 321, 324. 
hasmorrhous (Icterus), 
o24. 
hsamorrhous (Oriolus), 

324. 
hocinorrhous (Psarocolius), 
324, 
hamulus (Oampylops), 3. 
hannahire (Calliste), 

127. 
hartlaubi (Callispiza), 
138. 
hartlaubi (Calliste), 138. 
hartlaubi (Daonis), 138. 
hartlaubi (Pseudodacnis), 
138. 
hauxwelli (Icterus), 363, 
377. 
Hedge-Sparrow, American, 
48. 
heinei (Procnias), 136. 
Hemidacnis, 12, 17. 
Hemispingus, 237. 
Hemithraupis, 222. 
hepatica (Phoenicosoma), 

187. 
hepatica (Pyranga), 181, 
184, 185, 186. 
hippoerepis (Stuniella), 
358, 360. 
hippoerepis (Sturnus), 


358. 
hirundinacea (Euphonia), 
69, 73, 75,70. 
hirunclinacea (Phonasca), 

75. 
hirundinacea (Procnias), 
50. 
hirundinacea (Tanagra), 
221. ^ h h 
Holoquiscalus, 393. 
holosericeus (Amblycercus), 
326. 
holosericeus (Amblyrhamphus), 
350, 351. 
holosericeus (Cacicus). 

327. 
holosericeus (Cassicus), 
327. 
holosericeus (Sturnella), 
351. 
416 

holoserieeus (Sturaus), 

327. 
holoserieeus (Xanthornus), 
351. 
Hooded Tanager, 223. 
humeralis (Agelasus), 340, 

342. 
humeralis (Agrilorhinus), 
8. 
humeralis (Diglossa), 3, 
8. 
humeralis (Icterus), 342. 
humeralis (Leistes), 342. 
humeralis (Pitylus), 303, 
307. 
humilis (Acroleptes), 
71. 
humilis (Euphonia), 71. 
humilis (Phonasca), 71. 
hyperyfchra (Diglossa), 4. 
Hypobletis, 332. 
hypomelas (Icterus), 363, 
370. 
hypomelas (Pendulinus), 
370. 
Hypophosa, 53, 84. 
hypophaus (Chlorospingus), 
238, 243. 
Hypopyrrhus, 388, 403. 
Hypothlypis, 87. 
hypoxantha (Euphonia), 

74, 77. 

Icteric Oriole, 382. 
Icterioides, 362. 
icterocephalus (Agelseus), 

339, 340, 345, 350. 
icterocephalus (Oalliste), 
108,110. 
icterocephalus (Chrysomus), 
345. 
icterocephalus (Leistes), 

346. * 
icterocephalus (Oriolus), 
345. 
icterocephalus (Psarocolius), 
3G9. 
icterocephalus (Xanthocephalus), 
349, 350. 
icterocephalus (Xanthosomus), 
345. 
icteronotus (Oacicus), 

321. 
icteronotus (Oassieus), 
321. 
icteronotus (Bamphoeelus), 
177. 
icteronotus (Ramphopis), 

178. 
icteronotus 
(Ehamphoeoelus), 
170, 177. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

icteronotus (PsarocoliuB), 

321. 
icterophrys (Saltator), 
288, 289. 
icteropus (Pyranga), 193. 
Icterus, 361, 362. 
icterus (Oriolus), 382. 
ignescens (Bamphocelus), 

ignescens (Tanagra), 171. 
ignicapilla (Phcenicothraupis), 
198. 
ignicapilla (Pyranga), 

198. 
ignicrissa (Poecilothraupis), 
145. 
igniventris (Aglaia), 

145. 
igniventris (Ansiognathus), 
145. 
igniventris (Pcecilothraupis), 
144, 145. 
igniventris (Tanagra), 

145. 
ignobilis (Chlorospingus), 
238, 248. 
ignobilis (Sphenops), 


248. 
ignobilis (Sphenopsis), 
248. 
Iliolopha, 58. 
imthurmi (Agelseus), 340, 
344. 
indigotica (Diglossa), 3, 
10. 
inflexirostris (Quiscalus), 
394,401. 
inornata (Buarremon), 
255,259. 
inornata (Oalliste), 96, 


121. 
inornata (Ifemosia), 
# 230. 
inornata (Tanagra), 158. 
inornata (Thlypopsis), 
228/230. 

insignis (Euphonia), 59, 

60. 
insignis (Nemosia), 226. 
intercedens (Tachyphonus), 
210. 
intermedia (Diglossa), 7. 
intermedins (Saltator), 

284. 
inter*upta (Tanagra), 
277. 
iridina (Hypothlypis), 
87. 
iridina (Tanagra), 88. 
iridina (Tanagrella), 87, 
Iridornis, 139. 
isthmicus (Saltator), 295. 
iugularis (FringiUa), 

293. 
Ixothraupis, 95. 
Jacapa, 169. 
jaeapa (Bamphocelus), 

174. 
jacapa (Ramphopis), 
174. 
jacapa (Bhamphoecelus), 
169,174. 
jacapa (Tanagra), 174. 
iaroaeaii (Icterus), 304, 

383. m 
jamacaii (Oriolus), 383. 
Jamacii Oriole, 383. 
Jamaica (Euphonia), 85. 
Jamaica (Frirgilla), 83. 
j amaica (Pyrrhuphonia), 
85. 
jamaicensis (Chalcophanes), 
402. 
jamaicensis (Euphonia), 
8a 
jamaicensis * (Sturaus), 

398. 
jelskii (Iridornih), 130, 
141. 
jugularis (Tanagra), 
293. 
labradorides (Calliste), 
95, 129, 130. 
labradorides (Ohaleothraupis), 
13(3. 
labradorides (Tanagra), 


130. 
lacrimosa(Anisognathus), 
146. 
lacrimosa (Tachyplionus), 
146. 
laerymosa (Dubasia), 


lacrymosa (PoBcilothraupis), 
144, 346, 
lafresnayi (Dielossa), 2, 
3,7. 
lafresnayi (Uncirostrum), 

Lampropsar, 388. 
Lamprospiza, 281,296. 
Laoaprotes, 231. 
lamprotis (Oalliste), 134. 
laniirostris (Euphonia), 

74, 70. 
laniirostris (Phonasca), 

76. 
Lanio, 180, 201. 
larvata (Calliste), 96,124, 

128. 
larvatus (Tatao), 125. 
laticlavius (Saltator), 283, 
latinueha (Buarremon), 
254, 255, 264. 
latlrtiichus (Oarenochrous), 
264. 
latirostris (Cassicus), 

311. 
latirostris (Ocyalus), 310, 
oil. 
laudabilis (Icterus), 363, 

372. 
lavinia (Calliste), 116. 
lawrencii (Lanio), 202. 
205. 
Leistes, 331, 348. 
les*oni (Pendulinus), 
373. 
leucocampter (Tanagra), 
209. 
leucoeephala (Tanagra), 
143. 
leucocephalus (Stephanophorus), 
143. 
leucogaster (Gklorospingm), 
237, 249. 
leucogaster (Dacnidea), 

249. 
leueogenys (Dacnis), 18, 
19,25. 
leucophaea (ScMstochlamys), 
301. 
leucophaea (Tanagra), 


301. 
leucoplirys (Ohlorospingus), 
239. 
leucoplirys (Hylophilus), 

240. 
leucopis (Buarremon), 
255,261. 
leueopterus (Arremon), 

266. 
leueopterus (Buarremon). 
255, 266. 
leueopterus (Carenochrous), 
266. 
leueopterus (Oriolus), 


206. 
leueopterus (Pyranga), 
189. 
leueopterus (Pyrrota), 
206. 
leueopterus (Tanagra), 
154. 
leueopterus (Tachypho-
HUB), 206. 
leucopteryx (Icterus), 364, 

387. 
YOL XI. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

leucopteryx (Pendulinus), 

387. 
leucopteryx (Psarocolius), 
387. 
leucopyga (Euphonia), 
71. 
Leucopygia, 221. 
leucorhamphus (Cassiculus), 
323. 
leucorhamphus (Xanthornus), 
323. 
leucothorax (Lanio), 202, 

203. 
leucotis (Calliste\ 129. 
leveriana (Cissopis). 299, 
300. 
leverianus (Lanius), 299. 
liehtensteini (Chlorospingus), 
248. 
liehtensteini (Buphonk), 

74. 
liehtensteini (Phonasca), 
74. 
Lindo azul y oro, 64. 
Lindo azul y oro cabeza 
celeste, 61. 
Lindo bello, 113. 
Lindo celeste oro y negro, 

164. 
Lindo precioso, 114. 
Lindo saihobi, 157. 
linnaei (Xanthornus), 
380. 
longipennis (Chlorophonia), 
53, 54. 
longipennis (Euphonia), 

54. 
longipes (Agelaus), 350. 
longipes (Icterus), 350. 
longipes (Xanthocephalus), 
350. 
longirostris (Agelaius), 

382. 
longirostris (Arbelorhina), 
34. 
longirostris (Coereba), 34. 
longirostris (Icterus), 

382. 
loricata (Tanagra), 231. 
loricatus (Laniprotes), 
231. 
loricatus (Tachyphonus), 
232. 
Lousiane Stare, 359. 
loyca (Pezites), 356. 
loyca (Sturnella), 357. 
loyca (Sturnus), 356. 
loyca (Trupialis), 357. 
luciani (Eamphocelus), 
173. 
luciani (Kamphopis),173. 
luciani (Rhamphocoalus), 
170,173. 
luciela (Ocereba), 31, 

35. 
luetuosa (Pyranga), 208. 
luctuosus (Tachyphonus), 
206, 208, 214. 
ludoviciana (Pyranga), 
182,191. 
ludoviciana (Sturnella), 

358. 
ludoviciana (Tanagra), 
191. 
ludoviciana hippoerepis 
(Sturnella), 358. 
ludoviciana meridionalis 
(Sturnella), 359. 
ludoviciana mexicana 
(Sturnella), 358. 
ludoviciana neglecta 
(Sturnella), 358. 
lugubris (Ohaleophanes), 
399,402. 
lugubris (Quiscalus), 394, 
401,402. 
lmninosus (Quiscalus), 
394, 402. 
lunigera (Calliste), 129, 

133. 
lunulata (Pceeilothraupis), 
144. 
lunulata (Tanagra), 144. 
lunulata atricrissa (Pceei


lothraupis), 145. 
luteicapilla (Acroleptes), 

68. 
luteicapilla (Euphonia), 
63,68. 
luteicapilla (Phonasca), 

68. 
luteola (Oerthiola), 36, 
38,40. 
luteus (Cassicus), 321. 


Macragelasus, 388, 403. 
macrourus (Ohaleophanes), 
396. 
macrurus (Quiscalus), 
393,396. 
maculi-alatus (Icterus), 
363,373. 
maculi-alatus (Pendulinus), 
374. 
macuhpectus (Saltator), 

294. 
Magellanic Stare, 356. 
magna (Alauda), 35S. 
magna (Sturnella), 358. 
magna (Tanagra), 285. 
magna, var. hippoerepis 
(Sturnella), 358. 

2E 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

418 

magna, var. meridioualis 
(Slurnolla), 359. 
magna, tar. mexicana 
(Sturnella), 858. 
magna, vai*. neglect a 
(Stumella), 858. 
magnirostris (Oerthiola), 

38. 
uiagnirostris (Rainpkocelus), 
174. 
mtxo, noidcs (Saltat or), 
282, 284. 
magnus (Saltator), 282, 
284,285. 
Magpie Shrike, 299. 
major (Ohalcopkanes), 

395. 
major (Cissopis), 299, 
300. 
major (Diglossa), 2, 3, 7. 
major (Quiscalus), 393, 
395. 
major (Thilius), 344. 
major, var. niaerurus 
(Quiscalus), 390. 
major, var. palustris 
(Quiscalus), 397. 
majuscula (Oerthiola), 

45. 
Malacothraupis, 181, 
210. 
Manakin, Blue, 19. 
Manakin, 0 old-breasted, 
SO. 
marginalia (Icterus), 


380. 
marlialis (Tanagra), 212. 
martinicana (Oerthiola), 
37,40. 

martinicana sive &aecharivora 
(Oerthiola), 
4G. m 

martinieensis (SaltatOP), 

290. 
maxillaris (Cyrtolis), 
335. 
maxillaris (Icterus), 
335. 
maxillaris (Molothrus), 
335. 
maxillosus (Saltator), 
282,287. 
maximiliani (Tanagra), 
1(52. 
media (Cissopis), 299. 
medius (Bethylus), 299. 
Megaquiscalus, 393. 
melaleucus (Oriolus), 

206. 
melaleucus 
(Tachyphonus), 
205, 200. 

melanicterus (Agelaius), 
8U2. 
melanicterus (Cassiculus), 

328. 
melanicterus (Oassicus), 
328. 
melanicterus (Gymnomystax), 
361, 302. 
melanicterus (Icterus), 
. 
32S. 
melanicterus (Leistes), 

362. 
melanicterus (Pseudoleistes), 
362. 
melanocephalus (Buarremon), 
255, 261. 
melanocephalus (Icterus), 
362, 368, 375. 
melanocephalus (Psarocolius), 
375. 
melanocephalus (Xanthornus), 
375. 
melanocephalus, var. auduboni 
(Icterus), 375. 
melanochrysurus (Icterus), 
374. 

Melanocliglossa, 2. 

melanogaster (Eampho


pis), 173. 

nielanogenys (Pcecilo


thraupis), 144, 147. 

melanolasmus (Buarre


mon), 255, 203. 
inelanolaemus (Oarenochrous), 
263. 
melanoleuca (Lamprospiza), 
296. 
inelanoleucus (Saltator), 


296. 
melanonota (Calliste), 92, 
111,115. 
melanonota venezuelensis 
(Pipridea), 92. 
melanopis (Saltator), 

302. 
melanopis (Tanagra), 
302. 
melanops (Buarremon), 
255,263. 
melanops (Diglossa), 10. 
melanops (Muscicapa), 

220. 
Melanopsar, 362. 
melanopsis (Psarocolius), 
370. 
melanoptera (Tanagra), 
160. 
melanopterus (Icterus), 
379. 
melanopterus 
(Xanthornus), 
379. 

melanopygius (Lanio), 

202,203. 
melanota (Aglaia), 115. 
melanota (Pipridea), 91. 
melanota (Procnopis), 

92. 
melanota (Tanagra), 92. 
melanofha (Tanaera). 
92. 
melanotis (Aglaia), 102. 
melanotis (Calliste), 129, 
131. 
melanotis (Cklorospmgus), 
238, 250. 
melanotis (Dacnis), 22. 
melanoxantha (Heini


thraupis), 226. 
melanoxantha (H\lophilus), 
220. 
melanoxantha (Sylvia), 

 V J h

226.
melanura (Euphonia), 70, 
74, 78. 
melanura (Phonasca), 


78. 
mentalis (Icterus), 384, 
385. 
niericke (Buarremon), 
255,2G6. 

meridionalis (Sturnclla), 
359,300. 
ine&ochrysa (Euphonia), 
81,82. 
mesomelas (Icterus), 303, 

378. 
mesomelas (Psarocolius). 
378. 
mesomelas (Xanthornus), 
OiO. 

mexicana (Aglaia), 121. 
mexicana (Oallibte), 120. 
mexicana (Callospiza), 
mexicana (Oerthiola), 30, 

38. 
mexicana (Embernaara), 
260. 
mexicana (Pyranga), 
805. 
mexicana (Sturnella), 
358,360. 
mexicana (Tanagra), 120. 
mexicanus (Cassidix), 

329. 
mexicanus (Oorvus), 329. 
mexicanus (Gymnomystax), 
362. 
mexicanus (Oriolus), 

362. 
mexicanus 
(Scolecopkagus), 
391. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX, 

mierorhynchus (Oaoicus), 

325. 
mierorhynchus (Cassiculus), 
825. 
mierorhynchus (Oassicus), 
321, 325. 
Microspingus, 236, 252. 
militaris (Agelaius), 348. 
militaris (Leistes), 348. 
militaris (Pezites), 357. 
militaris (Sturnella), 857. 
militaris (Sturnus), 356. 
militaris (Tanagra), 848. 
militaris (Trupialis),356, 

357. 
minor (Bethylus), 299. 
minor (CisbOpis), 299. 
minor (Icterus), 336. 
minor (Potaniopsar), 
389. 
minor (Quisealus), 389. 
minuta (Acroleptes), 71. 
minuta (Euphonia), 04, 
71. 
minuta (Phonasca), 71. 
roisbissipensis (Tanagra), 
182,185. 
mississippiensis (Pyran


ga), 186. 
mitrata (Nectarinia), 29. 
modesta (Dacnis), 26, 
Molothrus, 331, 332. 
montana (Bnthraupis), 

147,148. 
montezuma (Cacicus), 

313. 
montezuma; (Oassicus), 
OlO. 

moiitezumse (G-ymnostinops), 
313. 
montezumsB (Ostinops), 

313. 
multicolor (Spindalis), 
166,167. 
multicolor (Tanagra), 

167. 
multicolor (Tanagrella), 
88. 
musica (Cyanophonia), 
60. 
musica (Euphone), 61. 
musica (Euphonia), 58, 
59. 
musica (Oriolus), 378. 
musica (Pipra), 59. 
musica (Tanagra), 59. 
mixta (Tanagra), 291. 
, mystacalis (Arremon), 

265. 
mystacalis (Buarremon), 
267. 
mystacalis (Diglossa), 2, 
3,6. 
mystacea (Diglossa), 6. 

napensis (Tachyphonus), 

212. 
nattereri (Tachyphonus), 
206, 213. 
neglecta (Sturnella), 358, 

360. 
Nemosia, 221, 222. 
Neornis, 47. 
Nesopsar, 331, 353. 
Nesospingus, 253, 271. 
newtoni (Oerthiola),37,43. 
niger (Oassicus), 329. 
niger (Leibtes), 354. 
niger (Molothrus), 336. 
niger (Oriolus), 398. 
niger (Quiscalus), 394, 
398. 
niger (Scolecophagus), 
390. 
nigerrimus (Agelaius), 
854. 
nigerrimus (Amblycercus), 
327. 
nigerrimus (Oassicus), 

326. 
nigerrimus (Icterus), 353. 
nigerrimus (Wesopsar), 
353. 
nigerrimus (Psaroeolius), 
826. 
nigerrimus (Tachyphonus), 
206. 
nigerrimus (Tanagra), 

206. 
nigricephala (Spindalis), 
165,166. 
nigricephala (Tanagra), 

166. 
nigrieeps (Arremon), 273, 
277. 
nigricincta (Oalliste), 124, 
126. 
nigricollis (Euphonia), 
59, 61. 
nigricollis (Tanagra), 61, 

224. 
nigrifrons (Ohlorospmgus), 
247. 
nigrigula (Tanagra),< 224. 
nigrigularis (ISemosia), 

224. 
nigrigularis (Rarnphoeelus), 
171. 
nigrigularis (Raurphopis), 

171. 
nigrigularis 
(Rhamphocoelus), 
170,171, 

nigrigularis (Xanthornus), 
380. 
nigripes (Dacnis), 18, 19, 

21. 
nigrirostris (Arremon), 
273, 276. 
nigriviridis (Oalliste), 96, 

m. 
nigriviridis berlepschi 
(Oalliste), 123. 
nigro-cincta (Aglaia), 

126. 
nigro-cincta (Calhste), 
126. 
nigro-cincta (Chalcothraupis), 
126. 
nigrogularis (Icterus), 

380. 
nigrogularis (Tanagra), 
171. 
nigroviridis (Oallispiza), 
123. 
nigroviiidis(Chalcothraupis\ 
123. 
nigroYiridis (Tanagra), 

122. 
nitens (Quiscala), 394. 
nitida (Arbelorhina), 36. 
nitida (Ooereba), 31,35. 
nitidissima (Ohloroohrysa), 
90, 91. 
nitidissimus (Tachyphonus), 
206, 214. 
notabilis (Oompsocoma), 
150, 152. 

notabilis (Tanagra), 152. 
oberi (Icterus), 363, 372. 
obscurus (Molothrus), 

833. 
occidentalis (Procnias), 
50,51,52. 
occipitalis (Acrocompsa), 

57. 
occipitalis (Chlorophonia), 
53, 57occipitalis 
(Euphonia), 

57. 
occipitalis (Orchesticus), 
297. 
occipitalis (Tanagra),297. 
ochraceus (Chlorospingus), 
238, 251. 
ochrascens (Euphonia), 

67. 
ochrochlora (Certhia), 33. 
ochrogastra (Euphone), 
79. 
ochronota (Tanagra), 114. 
ochropygos (Tachyphonus), 
212. 

ALPHABETICAL DTD EX. 

Ocyalus, 309, 311. 
oleagineus (Chlorospingus), 
248. 
oleagineus (Ostinops),315, 

319. 
olivacea (Oerfchidea), 27, 
28. 
olivacea(Chlorothraupis), 

194,195. 
olivaeea (Euphonia), 71. 
olivacea (Poospiza), 240. 
olivaeea (Tanagra), 71. 
olivaceus (Agrilorhinus), 

3. 
olivaceus (Cblorospingus), 
237, 240. 
olivaceus (Orthogonys), 

195. 
olivascens (Saltator), 283, 
285, 289, 294. 
olivascens (Tanagx*a), 

100. 
olivascens (Thraupis), 160. 
olivicyanea (Dubusia), 
163. 
olivicyanea (Tachyphonus), 
163. 
olivicyanea (Tanagra), 
154, 103. 
olivina (Tanagra), 302, 
ophthalmicus (Arremon), 

238. 
ophthalmicus (Cblorospingus), 
237,238.^ 
ophthalmicus (Pipilopsis), 
239. 
orbignii (Arremon), 272, 

274. 
Orchesticus, 2S1, 297. 
orenocensis (Saltator), 
283, 291. 
Oreomanes, 12. 
Oreotliraupis, 298. 
Organiste, 59. 
Organisfce de S. Bonain


gue, 59. 
Oriole, Baltimore, 364. 
Oriole, Black-crowned, 

362. 
Oriole, Gold-headed, 369. 
Oriole, Icteric. 382. 
Oriole, Jamacii, 383. 
Oriole, Rice, 390. 
Oriole, Yellow-winged, 
369. 
oriolides (Leistes), 352. 
ornata (Nemosia), 230. 
ornata (Tanagra), 154, 
161. 
ornata (Thlypop&is), 228, 
230. 
ornata (Thraupis), 161. 
Orthogonys, 180, 193. 
oryzivora (Cassidix), .329. 
orvzivora (Passerina), 

331. 
oryzivorus (Doliclionyx), 
331. 
oryzivorus (Emberiza), 
331. 
oryzivorus (Oriolus), 329. 
oseryi (Oassicus), 310. 
oseryi (Clypeieterus), 
310. 
Ostinops, 309, 315. 
palliattis (Ca^sleus). 329. 
palliatus (Psarocolius j , 

329. 
pallidinucha (Arremon), 
2CS. 
pallidinucha (Atlepetes), 

2(\S. 

pallidinucha (Buarremon), 
256, 268. 
pallidinucha {Tanagra), 
2(R 
pallidinuchus (Carenochrous 
, 2(58. 
palmarum (Arremon), 

234. 
palmarum (Pkcemcopkilus), 
233. 
palmarum (Tachyphonus), 
234. 
palmarum (Tanagra), 
154, 159. 
palmarum (Thraupis), 

160. 
palmarum (Turdu*), 
234. 
palmarum melanoptera 
(Tanagra), 160. 
palmarum viohlavata 
(Tanagra). 160. 
palpebrosa (Pcecilothraupib), 
144, 140. 
palpebrosa (Tanagra), 

146. ^ 
palustris (Quiscalus), 397. 
palustris (Seaphidurus), 
397. 
paradisea (Aglaia), 96. 
paradiseus (Tatao), 96. 
pardalotes (Tanagra), 84. 
parma (Xenodaenis), 17. 
parisorum (Icterus), 362, 
363, 374. 
parisorum (Xantnorntis), 

374. 
parzuclakii (Oalliste), 129, 
132. 
parzudaKi (Clirysothraupis), 
132. 
parzudakii (Tanagra), 

132

-. .. 

passerinii (Eamphocelus), 

170. 
passerinii (Rainphopis), 
176. 
passerinii (Ehamplioccelus), 
170, 176. 
pecoris (Agelans), 333. 
pecoris (Emberiza\ 333. 
pecoris (Fringilla) 333. 
pecoris (llolothru-. . 332, 

hob. 

pecoris var. obscurus 

(MoMhrus%333. 
pectorab's (Dig'oss'i ,3.6. 
pectoralls (Liipliouia , 79, 

8o. 
peetoralis (Icterus), 364, 

3S"l 
peetoralis (Xemo4 L). 231 *. 
pectorali- (Pipra). HI. 
peetoralis (P-an roLui*), 

3^5. 
pc -»*oram (Thivpop-ist. 
22^,230. 
peetoraii* t^piiiaelii (Icte


rus/, 3*M. 
Pec opKiris, 35S. 
Pendulinm 302. 
peiiifillata {EtieoiaetiA 

217. 
peiiifillata (Taeln phonuA 
217. 
penifiilatd (Tanagra), 

217. 
penirillata (Triehothraupis),
218. 
Periporphyrus, 303. 
periporj ik\ rus f Pendu 


linus), 36S. 
perslcus |Cadcus.\ 321, 

322. 
ppr*ieus (Cassicus), 320, 
321. 
persieus (Oriolus), 321. 
personatus (Agrilurkiiiu?), 
10. 
personatus (Arremon), 

270. 
personatus (Buarremon), 
256, 270. 
personatus (Diglossa), 
2, 3, 10, 11. 
personatus (Icterus), 
3b7. 
personatus (Pipilopsis), 

270. 
personatus (Pitylus),306. 
ALPHABETICAL HSTDEX. 

personatus(Pyrrhocoma), 

personatus (Tanagra), 
29a 
perspicillatus (Psaroeo-
Iius), 350. 
perspicillatus (Xanthoeephalus), 
350. 
peruana (Hemithraupis), 

227. 
peruana (Kemosia), 223, 
227. 
peruviana (Aglaia), 117. 
peruviana (Calliste), 115. 
peruviana (Certhiola), 
38. J 
peruviana (Phcenicothraupis), 
199. 
peruviana (Quiscalus). 

308. 
peruviana (Tanagra), 
115. 
Pezites, 350Pezopetes, 
253. 
pyocephalus (Chloroppingus), 
238, 243. 
phajopleurus (Buarremou), 
255, 256. 
Phlogothraupis, 139, 

178. 
pliceniceus (Agelseus), 
339, 340, 34(1 
phccniceiLs (Agelaius), 

340. 
pliceniceus (Oriolus), 340. 
pliceniceus (Taehyphonus), 
206, 208. 
pliceniceus, var. assiniilis 
(Agelaius), 341. 

pliceniceus, var. guberaator 
(Agelaius), 341. 
pliceniceus, var. tricolor 

(Agelaius), 342. 
PhcenicopMlus, 233. 
Phcenicosoma, 181. 
Phcenicotbraupis, 180, 

195. 
phcenicotis (Calliparaea), 
90. 
phcenicotis (Calliste), 90. 
phtenieotis (Chlorochrysa), 
89, 90. 
Phcenisonia, 181. 
Phonasca, 58. 
picatus (Bethylus), 299, 

300. 
picatus (Lanius), 299. ^ 
Pieo de punzon amarilla 
b&rba negra, 224. 
Pico cle punzon azul y 
canela, 92. 

Pieo de punzon negro 

azul y bianco, 223. 
Pie Pie-grieche, 300. 
pileata (Hemosia), 222, 

pileata (Tanagra), 223. 
pileatus (Chlorospingus). 

238,241. 
Pipilopsis, 254. 
Pipit bleu cle Cayenne, 

.19,22. 
Pipit bleu cle Surinam, 

87. 
Pipriclea, 86, 91. 
Piranga, 181. 
Pitylus, 298, 303. 
plumbea (Dacnis), 19/26. 
plumbea (Dhlossa), 3, 9. 
plumbea (Euphoria), SI, 
83. 
plumbea (Sylvia), 26. 
plumbeiceps (Saltator), 
283, 289. 
plumbeus (Saltator), 289. 
Pceeilomis, 139. 
Pcecilotbraupis, 139,144. 
Pogonotliraupis, 201. 
Polklacnis, 18. 
poliocephalus (Dulus), 

234. 
poliocephalus (Euphonia), 
83. 
poliocephalus (Phcenicophilus), 
234. 
poliogaster (Pitylus), 303, 

307. 
polionotus (Arreruon), 
273, 278. 
Poliopsar, 362. 
popayanus (Ocyalus), 

311. 
porphyrio (Tanagra), 
196. 
porphyrocephala (Iridornis), 
140,141. 
portoricensis (Certhiola), 
37, 41, 42. 
portoricensis (Icterus), 
363, 371. 
portoricensis (Spinclalis), 
166,167. 
portoricensis (Tanagra), 

167. 
portoricensis (Xanthornus), 
371. 
postocularis (Ohlorospingus), 
238, 240. 
Potainopsar, 388. 
prselatus (Tanagra), 158. 
prasina (Chlorornis), 

281. 
prasina (Psittospiza), 

281. 
prasina (Tanagra), 281. 
preciosa (Callispzia), 
114. 
preciosa (Calliste), 114. 
predatorius (Sturnus), 
340. 
pretiosa (Calliste), 111, 
114. 
pretrei (Euphonia), 56. 
pretrei (Tanagra), 56, 
168. 
pretrii (Chlorophonia), 
53, 56. 
pretrii (Spindalis), 165, 
166, 168. 
prevosti (Cassicus), 327. 
prevostii (Amblyram


phus), 327. 
prevostii (Cassiculus), 

327. 
Procnias, 50. 
Procnopis, 86, 91, 93. 
propinquus (Tachyphonus), 
209. 
prosthemelas (Icterus), 
363, 373. 
prosthemelas (Pendulinus), 
373. 
prosthemelas (Xanthor


nus), 373. x 
Psarocolius, 315. 
Pseudodacnis, 86, 138. 
Pscudoleistes, 331, 351. 
psittacina (Tanagra), 

304. 
psittacinus (Saltator), 
304. 
Psittospiza, 280, 281. 
pulcherrima (Dacnis), 18, 
24. 
pulcherrima aureinueha 
(Dacnis), 25. 
pulchra (Calliste), 108, 

109. 
pulchra (Calospiza), 109. 
pulchra gequatorialis 
(Calliste), 109. 
pumila (Euphonia), 71. 
punctata (Calliste), 95, 

103, 104. 
punctata (Callospiza), 

105. 
punctata (Ixothraupis), 
104. 
punctata (Tanagra), 104. 
punctulata (Calliste),103, 
104. 
punctulatus (Chlorospingus), 
238, 241. 

4:22 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 
Purple Oraklo, 394. 
purpurasccns(Chlorophanes), 
31. 
purpurascens (Molothrus), 
333, 337. 
purpurascens (Xanlhormts), 
337. 
purpuratus (Quiscalus), 
30 k 
purpureus (Euplionia), 

purpureus (Quiscalus), 

394. 
purpureus (Ramphocelus), 
174. 
purpureus, var. AMICUS 
(Quiscalus), 394. 
purpureus, var. aglseus 
(Quiscalus), 394. 
pusilla (Ixothraupis), 

106. 
pustulatus (Agelaius), 
345. 
pustulatus (Icterus), 364, 
386. 
pustulatus (Psarocolius), 
386. 
Pyranga, 180,181. 
pyrohypogaster (Cassicus), 
403. 
pyrohypogaster (Quiscalus), 
403. 
pyrrhocephala (Pyranga), 

192. 
pyrrhocephalus(Sturnus), 
351. 
Pyrrhoeoma, 221, 222. 
Pyrrhocliglossa, 2. 
pyrrhogaster (Hypopyrrhus), 
403. 
pyrrhogaster (Quiscalus), 

403. 
pyrrhophrys (Euphonia), 
56. 
pyrrhopterus (Agelaius), 
368. 
pyrrhopterus (Hyphantes), 
308. 
pyrrhopterus (Icterus), 
362, 363, 368. 
pyrrhopterus (Psarocolius), 
368. 
pyrrhopterus (Xanthornua), 
368. 
Pyrrhuphonia, 53, 85, 
Pyrrota, 205. 
pyrypogaster (Hypo


pyrrhus), 403. 

quadricolor (Tachyphonus),^. 


quadricolor (Trichothraupis), 
220. 
quadmittata (Fringilla), 

257. 
quajacina (Pyranga), 198. 
Quiscalus, 388, 393. 
quiscalus (Chalcophanes), 
394. 
quiscula (Gracula), 394. 
Eamphocele bec-d'argent, 

174. 
Eamphocele scarlette,l70. 
Earnphorelus, 169. 
Eaiuphopis, 169. 
raptor (Pyrrhula), 283. 
rectirostris (Quiscalus), 
400. 
Eecl Tanager, 1S8. 
Bed-breasted Tanager, 
174. 
reinhardti J(Iridornis), 
139, 140. 
reyi (Ohlorospingus), 
238, 247. 
Ehamphoccelus, 139,169. 
rhodinolcema (Phoenico


thraupis), 196, 199. 
Eiee Oriole, 390. 
riefferi (Chlorornis), 281, 
riefferi (Psittospiza), 281. 
riefferi (Saltator), 281, 

282. 
riefferi (Tanagra), 281. 
robustus (Molothrus), 
334, 337. 
Eoller, Cayenne, 2SG. 
roraimre (Oklorophonia), 

53, 56. 
roseigularis (Pyranga), 
181, 187. 
rourii (Keniosia), 223, 


224. 
romerditi (Tangara), 116, 
118. 
ruber (Agelaius), 351. 
ruber (Amblyrhamphus), 
351. 
ruber (Oassicus), 325. 
ruber (Oriolus), 351. 
ruber (Saltator), 186. 
ruber (Tachyphonus), 
198. 
rubica (Phcenicothraupis), 
195,196,198,199. 
rubica (Pyranga), 196. 
rubicoides (Phcenieo


thraupis), 196,197,199, 

200. 
rubicoides (Saltator), 197. 
rubious (Saltator), 196. 
rubious (Tachyphonus), 

196. 
rubra (Muscicapa), 182. 
rubra (Phcenicosorua). 
188. 
rubra (Phcenicothraupis), 
196, 197, 198. 
rubra (Pyranga), 181. 
rubra (Sturnella), 351. 
rubra (Tanagra), 188. 
rubricapillus (Japus), 

351. 
rubriceps (Pyranga), 182, 
192. 
rubricollis (Tanagra), 
100,231. 
rubrifrons (Tachyphonus), 
209. 
rubrigularis (Tanagra), 

231. 
rubrirostris (Arremon), 
246. 
rubrirostris (Ohlorospingus), 
238, 246. 
rubrirostris (Hemispingus), 
246. 
rubrirostris (Nemosia), 

240. 
rubrirostris (Pipilopsis), 
246. 
rufa (Tanagra), 206. 
ruficapilla (Calliste), 111. 
ruficapilla (Hemithraupis), 
225. 

ruficapilla (Nemosia), 

222, 223, 225. 

ruficapilla (Sylvia), 225. 

ruficapillus (Agelteus), 

339, 340, 347. 
ruficapillus (Doliehonyx), 

347. 
ruficapillus (Xanthosomus), 
347. 
rufieeps (Aeroleptes), 6S. 
ruficeps (Euphonia), 63, 


68. 
ruficeps (Hemithraupis), 
225. 
ruficeps (Hylophilus), 
225, 231. 
ruficeps (Hemosia), 222, 
229, 231. 
ruficeps (Phonasca), GS. 
ruficeps (Pipilopsis), 222. 
ruficeps (Pyrrhoeoma), 

222. 
ruficeps (Sylvia), 231. 
ruficeps (Tachyphonus), 
222, 229. 
ruficeps (Thlypopsis),228, 

231. 
ruficeps (Trupialis), 347. 
ruficer\ix (Oalliste), 06, 
129,130. 
ruficervix (Clialcotlirau


pis), 129. 
ruiiceiTix (Tanagra), 129. 
ruficollis (Agelaiua), 347. 
ruficollis (Oerthiola), 48. 
rufioollis (Oypsnagra) 

221, 
ruficollis (Grlossiptila), 47, 

48. 
ruficollis (Leucopygia), 
221. 
ruficollis (Pyrrhulagra), 
48. 
ruficollis (Tanagra), 48, 
221. 
ruficollis (Tanagrella), 
48. 
rufi-dorsalis (Arremon), 
2715. 
rufigenia (Oalliste), 129, 

132. 
rufigula (Oalliste), 107. 
rufigula (Tanagrella), 
107. 
rufigularis (Oalliste), 103, 
107. 
rufigularis (Tachyphonus), 
48. 
rufinuclia (Arremon), 
263, 269. 
rufinuclia (Buarremon), 
253, 263. 
rufinuclia (Embernagra), 

263. 
rufiventer (Tanagra), 
213. 
rufiventris (Euphonia), 
79, SO. 
rufiventris (Saltator), 
283, 285, 293. 
rufiventris (Tachyphonus), 
206, 213. 
rufiventris (Tanagra), 

79. 
rufivertex (Arremon), 
129, 140. 
rufivertex (Euplionia), 

72. 
rufivertex (Iridosornis), 
140. 
rufhertex (Poecilornis), 
140. 
rufo-axillaris (Molothrus), 
333, 338.# 
vufo-cinerea (Dacnis), 14. 
rufuin (Oonirostruin), 

13,14. 

ALPHABETICAL IlffDEX, 

saccharina (Oerthiola), 

37, 42. 
saira (Pyranga), 181, 

185, 
saira (Tanagra), 185. 
saira, var. testacea (Py


ranga), 185. 
salmoni (Dacnis), 19, 27. 
salmoni (Ostinops), 315, 

317. 
Saltator, 281, 282. 
salvini (Icterus), 378. 
salvini (PlioDiiicothraupw), 
196, 200. 
sanctas-tbomae (Oerthiola), 
37, 42, 43. 
sanguinolenta (Phlogothraupis), 
178. 
sanguinolenta (Pyranga), 

190. 
sanguinolentus (Eamphocelus), 
178. 
sanguinolentus (Tachyphonus), 
178. 
sangumolentus(Tanagra), 

178. 
saturata (Euplionia), 64, 
70. 
saturata (Phonasca), 70. 
saturatus (Acroleptes), 
70. 
saucius (Tachypbonus), 
209. 
savaca (Tanagra), 154, 
"166, 158. 
sayaca (Thraupis), 159. 
Scaphidurus, 329, 398. 
schistaceus (Atlapetes), 

267. 
schistaceus (Buarremon), 
256, 267, 268. 
schistaceus (Oarenochrous), 
267. 
schistaceus (Tanagra), 

267. 
Sehistocblamys, 298, 301. 
schlegeli (Arremon), 
273, 279. 
schrankii (Aglaia), 102. 
schrankii (Oalliste), 98, 

102. 
schrankii (Oallospiza), 
102. 
schrankii (Ohrysothrau> 
pis), 102. 
schrankii (Tanagra), 


102. 
sclateri (Oalliste), 108, 
123. 
sclateri (Euphonia), 59, 
60. 
sclateri (Icterus), 364, 

385. 
sclateri (Tanagra), 154, 
155. 
iScoleeophagiib, 388, 390. 
bcottii (Icterus), 374. 
seebohmi (Buarremon), 
255, 267. 
seebohmi (Oarenochrous), 

267. 
selysia (Dubusia), 153. 
selysia (Tanagra), 153. 
bemifubous (Chlorospingus), 
238, 244. 
semirufus (Buarremon), 
254, 256,209. 
semirufus (Pipilopsis), 

269. 
semirufus (Tanagra),269. 
semitorquatus (Arremon), 
273, 277. 
septicolor (Tanagra-), 97. 
sericeus (Icterus), 336. 
sericeus (Molobrus), 336. 
sericeus (Molothruh), 336. 
sericeus (Scolecophagus), 

Serieossypha, 231, 232. 
serioptera (Tanagra), 154. 
serioptera (Thraupis), 

154. 
serrirostris (Acroleptes), 
64. 
serrirostris (Euphonia), 
64. 
serrirostris (Phonasca), 
64. 
Serriroslrum, 2. 
Shrike, Magpie, 299. 
signatus (Ohlorospingus), 
238,241. 
failens (Arremon), 272, 

273,274,276. 
bilens (Embernagra), 274. 
silens (Tanagra), 273. 
Silent Tanager, 273. 
similis (Biglossa), 4. 
similis (Saltator), 282, 

287. 
sincipitaiis (0*tinops), 
315, 318. 
sittaceum (Uncirostrum), 

3. 
sittaceus (Agrilorhinus), 
3. 
sitticolor (Oonirostrum), 
13. 
sittoides (Diglossa), 3, 4. 
sodiroi (Chlorochrysa),91. 
solitarius (Amblycercus), 
326,327. 

424 

solitarius (Cassiculus), 

320. 
solitarius (Caswcus), 326. 
Sooty Grobbeak, 304. 
sordida (Buarremon), 

208. 
sordida (Nemosia), 228, 

229. 
sordida (Saltaior), 21)3. 
sordida (Tblypopsis), 228, 

229. 
spcciosa (Dacnis), 19, 2(5. 
speoiosa (Nyhia), 26. 
spcciosa (Syhicola), 26. 
spectabilis (Arrenion), 
272, 275. 
spocularis (Buarremon), 

264. 
speculiferus (Chlorospingus), 
272. 
speculiferus (Nesospingus),
271,272. 
speculiferus (Tanagra), 

226. 
speculigera (Conothraupis), 
280. 
speculigera (Diucopis), 

280. 
speculigera (Sehistochlamys), 
280. 
Spindalis, 139,165. 
spiza (Oerthia), 29. 
spiza (Chlorophanes), 29. 
spiza (Ooereba), 29. 
spiza (Dacnis), 29. 
Spizampelis, 105. 
spodionoius (Buarremon), 
255,264. 
spodionotus (Garcnoclirous), 
264. 
spodocepliala (Eucometis), 
217, 219. 
spoclocephalus (Chlorospingus), 
219. 
spurius (Icterus), 362, 
303, 366. 
spurius (Oriolus), 360. 
spurius (Pendulinus), 

367. 
spurius (Xanthornns), 

367. 
spurius (Yphantes), 367. 
spurius affinis (Icterus), 

367. 
Stare, Lousiane, 359. 
Stare, Magellanic, 356. 
Stephanophorus,139,143. 
sto&uamu (Chlorotbraupis), 
194, 195. 
stolznianni (Phcenicothraupis), 
195. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

stolzi nanni (Urothraupis), 

251. 
striata (Ae>laia), 164, 165. 
striata (Tanagra), 164, 

105. 
striatipectus (Saltator), 

294. 
strictifrons (Acroleptes), 

strictifrons (Euplionia), 

71. 
Sturnella, 355, 358. 
subalaris (Agelaius), 403. 
subalaris (Maeragekeiib), 
403, 
subalaris (Quiscalus), 

403. 
subcinerea (Tanagra), 

163. 
suchii (Leistes), 352. 
suchii (Tachyphonus), 

220. 
suicirostris (Agelaius), 

405. 
suicirostris (Icterus), 405. 
sumiehrasti (Dives), 391. 
suniichrasti (Quiscalus), 

392. 
Summer Tanager, 182. 
sumptuosa (Conipsocoma), 
150, 151. 
sumptuosa(Sericossypha), 

232. 
sumptuosa (Tachyphonus), 
151. 
sumptuosa (Tanagra), 


151. 
sumptuosa cyanoptera 
(Oompsocoma), 151. 
sundevalli (Certhiola), 
37,44. 
superciliaris (Arremon), 

246. 
superciliaris (Ohlorospingus), 
237, 246. 
superciliaris (Hemispingus), 
246. 
superciliaris (Leistes), 

349. 
superciliaris (Nemosia), 

246. 
superciliaris (Pipilopsis), 

246. 
superciliaris (Saltator), 
283, 287, 291. 
superciliaris (Tanagra), 
287,291. 
superciliaris (TrupialisV 

349. 
superciliaris nigrifrons 
(Ohlorospingus), 247. 

surinamensis (Oerthia), 

33. 
surinamensis (Merula), 

211. 
surinamensis (Tachyphonus), 
211. 
surinamensis oserulea 
(Sylvia), 88. 
surinamus (Tachyphonus), 
206, 211. 
surinamus (Turdus), 

211. 
surinamus uapensis 
(Tachyphonus), 212. 
swainsoni (Tanagra), 
156, 159. 

Tachyphone a epaulettes 
bleues, 193. 
Tachyphonus, ISO, 203. 
taczanowskii (Buarremon), 
256,267. 
taczanowskii (Carenochrous), 
267. 
tseniata (Arremon), 152. 
teniata (Dubusia), 152. 
tamiatus (Tanagra), 

152. * h 
Tanager, Black-faced, 


303. 
Tanager, Black-headed, 


204. 
Tanager, Brazilian, 170. 
Tanager, Crested, 210. 
Tanager, Divaricated, 


296. 
Tanager, Grand, 2S6. 
Tanager, Green-headed, 
99,100. 
Tanager, Hooded, 223. 
Tanager, Bed, 188. 
Tanager, Red-breasted, 

174. 
Tanager, Rufous-
throated, 48. 
Tanager, Silent, 273. 
Tanager, Spotted Emerald, 
105. 
Tanager, Summer, 182. 
Tanager, Variegated, 182. 
Tanager, Yellow, 113. 
Tanagra, 139, 153. 
Tanagrella, 8(J, 87. 
tanagrinus (Icterus), 388. 
tanagrinus (Lampropsar), 

388. 
Tangara bleu de Cayenne, 

119. 
Tangara du Bresil, 97, 

170. 
Tangara du Canada, 188. 

Tangara a coiffe noire, 

223. 
Tangara a coiffe noire 
de Cayenne, 223. 
Tangara a cravatte noire 
de Cayenne, 301. 
Tangara eveque, 160. 
Tangara des grands bois, 

285. 
Tangara de la G-uyane, 
273. 
Tangara hupo* de Cayenne, 
210. 
Tangara hupe do la Guiane, 
212. 
Tangara jaune a tete 
noire, 204. 
Tangara du Missisaipi, 

182. 
Tangara noir d'Amerique, 
206. 
Tangara olive a gorge 
noire de Cayenne, 224. 
Tangara du Perou, 116. 
Tangara petit Syacou, 

106. 
Tangara pourpre de Cayenne, 
174. 
Tangara tachete" de Cayenne, 
106. 
Tangara varie a tete bleuo 
de Cayenne, 100. 
Tangara varie" a tete verte 
de Cayenne, 99. 
Tangaroux de Cayenne, 

206. 
Tangavio, 335. 
Tatao, 95. 
tatao (Callispiza), 96. 
.tatao (Calliste), 95, 96. 
tatao (Tanagra), 90, 99. 
taylori (Calliste), 129, 

130. 
tenuirostris (Lanio), 208. 
tenuirostris (Quiscalus), 
393,397. 
tenuirostris (Tanagrella), 

88. 
Tephrodiglossa, 2. 
Tersa, 50. 
iersa (Ampelis), 50. 
tersa (Procnias), 50. 
Tersina, 50. 
testacea (Pyranga), 181, 
184. 
thalassina (Calliste), 126. 
thalassina (Chrysothraupis), 
126. 
Thilius,389. 
tbilius (Agolasus), 339, 

340,343. 
VOL. XI, 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

tbilius (Agelasticus), 343. 
tbilius (Turdus), 343. 
Tblypopsis, 221, 228. 
tboracica (Calliste), 98, 

101. 
thoracioa (Chrysothraupis), 
101. 
tboracica (Tanagra), ]01. 
tboracica (Callispiza), 

101. 
Tbraupis, 153. 
tibialis (Buarreinon), 
255,262. 
tibialis (Icterus), 363, 

370. 
tibialis (Penclulinus), 370. 
tibialis (Tacbypbonus), 
262. 
tibicen (Eupkone), 62. 
Titmouse, Bahama, 37. 
Tor do de bosque torqiiato, 
274. 
Tordo cabeza amarilla, 
346. 
Tordo cbopi, 405. 
Tordo comun, 336. 
Tordo corona de canela, 
347. 
Tordo degollado tercero, 
349. 
Tordo Dragon, 352. 
Tordo grande, 329. 
Torclo guiraburo, 352. 
Tordo negro cabeza roxa, 
351. 
Tordo negro cobijas amarillas, 
343. 
Tordo negro cobijas de 
canela, 368. 
Tordo negro y vario, 

344. 
Tordo pardo-roxizo, 338. 
torquatus (Arremon), 
273. 
torquatus (Buarremon), 
254, 255, 256. 
torquatus (Embernagra), 

256. 
torrejoni (Cbloropbonia), 
53, 55. 
Tricbotbraupis, 181, 220. 
tricbroa (Tanagra), 100. 
tricolor (Agelsaus), 340, 

342. 
tricolor (Buarremon), 
256, 269. 
tricolor (Callispiza), 99. 
tricolor (Calliste), 95, 98, 

99. 
tricolor (Carenochcous), 
269. 
tricolor (Oertbiola), 36, 

38. 
tricolor (Icterus), 342. 
tricolor (Tanagra), 99, 
100. 
tricolor (Tatao), 99. 
trifasciatus (Microspingus), 
252. 
Triglyphidia, 53. 
trinitatis (Acroleptes), 

66. 
trinitatis (Euphonia), 63, 
66. 
trinitatis (Pbonasca), 66. 
Troupiale a ailes rouges 
de la Louisiane, 340. 
Troupiale de la Caroline, 

333. 
Troupiale jaune a calotte 
noire de Cayenne, 362 
Troupiale noire de St. 
Domingue, 398. 
Troupiale rouge, 351. 
Troupialis, 355, 356. 
typica (Cbrysopoga). 259. 

ultramarina (Dacnis), 19. 
ultramarina (Tanagra), 

88. 
umbilicalis (Euphonia), 
80. 
umbilicalis (Tanagra), 80. 
Uncirostrum, 2. 
unicolor (Icterus), 405. 
unicolor (Leistes), 345. 
unicolor (Psarocolius), 
• 405. 
unicolor (Eamphocelua), 
174. 
uropygialis (Cassicus), 
321,325. 
uropygialis (Eamphocelua), 
173. 
uropygialis (Rbamphocoelus), 
170, 173. 
Urothraupis, 236, 251. 

valorii (Pyrrota), 207. 
valerii (Tachyphonus), 

207. 
validus (Saltator), 293. 
varians (Ramphocelus), 
177,178. 
variegata (Tanagra), 182. 
Variegated Tanager, 182. 
vassori (Diva), 93. 
vassori (Procnopis), 93. 
vaosorii (Tanagra), 93. 
vegeta (Tanagra), 194. 
velia (Motacilla), 87, 88. 
velia (Tanagra), 87. 

2F 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

velia (Tanagrella), 87, 

88. 
veneris (Hemispingus), 
242. 
venezuelensis (Pipndea), 
92. 
venezuelensis (Bamphocelus), 
174. 
venfralis (Procnias), 50. 
venusta (Oalliste), 129, 

133. 
venusta (Dacnis), 18, 24. 
venustus (Oyanicterus), 
193. 
versicolor (Oalliste), 111, 
113. 
versicolor (Lanio), 202, 
204. 
versicolor (Pyranga), 
204. 
versicolor (Quisealus), 
393,394. 
versicolor (Taebyphonus), 
204. 
versicolor asneus (Quiscalus), 
394. 
versicolor aglseus (Quiscalus), 
394. 
verticalis (Chlorospingus), 
238, 248. 
verticalis (Oreurgops), 

215. 
verticalis (Nemosia), 
248. 
vicarius (Tanagra), 162. 
vicarius (Thraupis), 162. 
victorini (Oompsocoma), 
150. 
victorini (Tacbyphonus), 
150. 
victorini (Tanagra), 150. 
vieilloti (Oalliste), 120. 
vieilloti (Cassidix), 329. 
vieilloti (Lanio), 210. 
vigorsi (Saltator), 288. 
vigorsi (Tacbyphonus), 
213. 
viguieri (Dacnis), 18, 23. 
vinacea (Phoenicothraupis), 
196,197. 
violacea (Euphonia), 52, 

58, 73, 74. 
violacea (Icterus), 336. 
violacea (Phonasca), 74. 
violacea (Tanagra), 74. 
violacea, var. chlorotica 

(Tanagra), 64. 
violacea, var. minor (Euphone), 
74. 
violaeeieollis(Acrolepies), 
64, 

yiolaceicollis (Euphonia), 

64. 
virens (Tanagra), 158. 
virenticeps (Buarremon), 
255, 257. 
virescens (Agelaius), 352. 
virescens (Oalliste), 106. 
virescens (Icterus), 352, 

370, 375. 
virescens (Leistes), 352. 
virescens (Pseudoleistes), 

352. 
viridis (Caryothraustes), 
306. 
viridis (Oassicus), 316. 
viridis (Ohlorophonia), 
53, 54, 55. 
viridis (Coecothraustes), 

306. 
viridis (Euphonia), 54. 
viridis (Pringilla), 306, 
viridis (Leistes), 352. 
viridis (Oriolus), 316. 
viridis (Orthogonys), 193, 
194. 
viridis (Ostinops), 315, 
316. 
viridis (Pitylus), 303, 
306. 
viridis (Procnias), 54. 
viridis (Psarocohus), 316. 
viridis (Pseudoleistes), 
352. 
viridis (Tanagra), 194. 
viridissima (Aglaia), 118. 
viridissima (Oalliste), 
118. 
viridissima (G-yrola), 
118. 
vitellinus (Buarremon), 
260. 
vitellinus (Oassicus), 322. 
vitriolina (Callispiza), 
111. 
vitriolina (Oalliste), 111. 
vittata (Aglaia), 92. 
vittata (Oalliste), 92. 
vittata (Euphonia), 79, 
80. 
vittata (Tanagra), 92. 
vulgaris (Icterus), 362, 
364, 382. 

wagleri (Cacicus),312. 
wagleri (Eucorystes),310, 
311, 312. 
wagleri (Icterus), 362, 
363, 372. 
wagleri (Pendulinus), 

372. 
Warbler, Guira, 224, 
warcewiezi (Dives), 392. 
warcewiezi (Lampropsar), 

392. 
whitelyi (Oalliste), 135, 
136. 
White-throated Grosbeak, 
303. 
wilsoni (Aglaia), 126. 
wilsoni (Oalliste), 126. 
wuchereri (Arrenion), 

273,278. 

xanthocarpus (Agelaius), 
343, 350. 
xanthoeephala (Oalliste), 
129,134. 
xanthoeephala (Callospiza), 
134. 
xanthocephala (Chrysothraupis), 
134. 
xanthocephala (Icterus). 

350. 
Xanthoeephalus, 331,349. 
xanthogasier (Aeroleptes), 
67. 
xanthogastra (Oalliste), 
103,106. 
xanthogastra (Euphonia), 
63,67. 
xanthogastra (Phonasca), 
xanthogenys (Buarremon), 
258. 
xanthomus (Agelaeus), 
340, 343. 
xanthomus (Hyphantes), 

343. 
xanthomus (Icterus), 343. 
xanthophrys (Ohlorospingus), 
247. 
xanthoplithalma (Dacnis), 
249. 
xanthophthalmus (Chlorospingus), 
238, 249. 
xanthopygius (Chrysomus), 
346. 
xanthopygius (Tachy


phonus), 206, 209. 
Xanthomus, 362. 
xanthomus (Icterus), 

363,380. 
xanthomus (Oriolus), 

380. 
xanthornus, var. dubusi 
(Icterus), 381. 
Xantbosomus, 339. 
Xenodacnis, 12, 17. 

Yapu negro, 326. 
Yapii negro y amarillo, 


o2o. 

Yellow-winged Oriole, 

369. 
yeni (Aglaia), 97. 
yeni (Calliste), 96, 97. 
yeni (Callospiza), 97. 
yeni (Tanagra), 97. 
yeni (Tatao), 97. 
Yphantes, 392. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Ypophasa, 84. 
yuracares (Cassicus), 314. 
yuraoarium (Cassicus), 

314. 
yuraoarium (Gymnostinops), 
313, 314. 
yuraoarium (Ostinops), 

314. 

zena (Fringilla), 169. 
zena (Spindalis), 166, 
168,169. 
zena (Tanagra), 166,168, 

169. 
zenoides (Tanagra), 166. 

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 

PLATE I. 
Page 
Biglossa mystacalis 6 

PLATE IT. 

Fig. 1. Conirostrum fraseri, <£ 15 
Fig. 2. Bacnis salmoni, $ 27 
Both from the typical specimens. 


PLATE III. 

Fig. 1. Bacnis ccerebicolor, <$ 
Kg. 2. „ „ ? } 2i 
From the typical specimens. 

PLATE IV. 

Chlorojphanes jpurjourascens, 3 31 
From the typical specimen. 

PLATE V. 

Fig. 1. Certhiola martinicana , 46 
Fig. 2. dominicana (from the typical specimen) 44 


PLATE VI. 

Fig. 1. Chlorojyhonia rorawice, <$ 56 
jPig, 2. «• flavirostris (from the typical specimen) ....... . 56 

EXPLANATION" OF THE PLATES. 

430 

PLATE VII. 

Pa^e 
Fig. 1, Extphonia concinna, $ 
Kg. 2. „ „ 2 } 

From the typical specimens. 

PLATE VIII. 
Fig. 1. Euphonia finschi, c$ (from the typical specimen) ... . 70 
Fig. 2. saturate, <$ 70 

PLATE IX. 
Fig. 1. Euplionia melanura, S \ ^o 
Fig. 2. „ „ ? j 
From the typical specimens. 

PLATE X. 
Eiiphonia vittata (from the typical specimen) 80 

PLATE XI. 
Phcenicothraupis gutturalis 201 

PLATE XII. 
Fig. 1. Nemosia albigularis, <$ 

} 227 

Pig. 2. „ „ $ 
From the typical specimens. 

PLATE XIII. 
Fig. 1. Thlypopsis omata, £ (from the typical specimen).... 230 
Fig. 2. inomata, <$ 230 

PLATE XIV 
Buarremon leucopis (from the typical specimen) ... . 261 

EXPLANATION OF TEE PLATES. 431 
PLATE XV. 
Buarremon comptus (from the typical specimen)
Page 
« .. 204 
PLATE XVI. 
Buarremon tricolor 269 
PLATE XYII. 
Arremon ivuchereri (from the typical specimen) 278 
PLATE XYIII. 
Icterus Kauawelli (from the typical specimen). Seduced 
| ... , 377 

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