Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 
Volume XIV 
1888 
eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by 
Humboldt-Universität zu 
Berlin
CATALOGUE 

<n? 'IUK 

BIRDS 


FN" ini 

BRITISH MUSEUM, 

VOLUME XIV. rfSbUv 

L ) v4 

LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 
1888, 


CATALOGUE 

OF THE 

PASSERIFOEMES, 


OB 

PERCHING BIRDS, 


IN THE 

COLLECTION 

OP THE 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 

OLIGOMYODJl, 

OR Till FAMILIES 

TYEANNIDiE, OXYMIAMPIIIDiE, PIPRTD.TS, COTINOID2E, 
PIIYTOTOMIDiE, PHILEPITTIDJE, PITTID2E, 
t XENICID/E, AND EURYL.EMIDJ3. 

BY 

PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER. 

LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES 
188S. 

PHINTE1) BY TAYLOB AND FRANCIS, 

RED IJON COURT, TLEET STRBET. 

PEEEACE. 

To accelerate the progress of this work, it has been, found advisable 
to publish the present volume in advance of the thirteenth. The 
manuscript of the latter is in course of preparation, but is not 
expected to be completed before 1889. However, as its limits are 
well-defined, comprising the remainder of the Acrorayodian 
Passeros, no confusion can arise from this break in the series of 
volumes, and any inconvenience which may bo caused by it will be 
of a merely temporary nature. 

ALBERT GUNTHER, 

Keeper of the Department of Zoology. 

"British Museum (N. II.), 
May 17, 1888. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Mr ornithological studios having been principally devoted to South-
American Birds, I had little hesitation in acceding to Dr. (i anther's 
request that I should prepare the Catalogue of the Mesomyodian 
Passeres in the Collection of the British Museum. Of the thirteen 
families that belong to this section of the Passerine group, nine are 
exclusively Neotropical, and these nine families embrace by far the 
greatest number of specific forms, the four Mesomyodian families 
as yet recognized in the Old World being comparatively insignificant 
in point of numbers. My subject was, therefore, sufficiently 
familiar to me. 

At the same time some of the groups to be treated of—I may 
point especially to the TyntnmdiP—are universally allowed to be 
amongst the most difficult portions of the class of Birds for satisfactory 
determination. I felt, therefore, that in tlio short time 
that could necessarily be allowed me for the completion of my task 
I had no easy duty to perform. 

The Mesomyodian Passeres, according to Garrod's arrangement, 
fall readily into two great sections, in one of which the syrinx 
remains nearly as in the typical Oscines, but with a lessor number 
of singing-muscles *, while in the other, as iirst shown by the great 
anatomibt Johannes Muller, the lower end of the trachea is specially 
modified to form an organ of voice. In the present volume the 
forms belonging to the first of these sections (Oli<jomyoda>) are 
treated of. They are here arranged in nine families, the first five 
of which belong exclusively to the New World, while the last four 
are restricted to the three Southern regions of the Old World. 

In dealing with the five Neogean families—Tyrannidte, Oxyrliamplddw^ 
Pijrridw, Cothujidce, and Phytoiomidte—I have followed 
throughout, with very few exceptions, the divisions and arrange


INlltObUCTlON.

vin 

roont adopted by Mr. Salvin and myself in our ' Nomeuelator 
Avium Nootropioalium/ published in lb73. It would have been 
better, no doubt, in some respects to have attempted a thorough 
revision of these groups ; but I felt that the short time assigned to 
1110 for the preparation of the present volume and the comparatively 
little leisure I had to devote to it would not give me a chance of 
performing this revision satisfactorily. This, therefore, I must 
loa\o to some younger and better qualified worker to perform. 
Nevertheless, after sorting the large material belonging to these 
groups now in the Collection of the British Museum, and reducing 
fcbom into the order of the ' Nomenclator/ I feel that I have 
accomplished a not unsatisfactory piece of work, and one that will 
enable the ornithologist of the future, who may wish to take in hand 
a real monograph of these difficult groups, to start with much 
greater advantage. For myself I am content to have produced, not 
a monograph, but a catalogue. 

The total number of specimens of Mesomyodian Passeres in the 
Collection of the British Museum, as enumerated in the present 
volume, is 7360. These I have referred to G65 species, leaving only 
3 S species recognized as probably valid, but unrepresented in the 
Collection. The series of specimens is generally very complete, and 
the range of the species is in most cases admirably shown by the 
localities affixed to them. Por this very valuable feature the 
Museum is mainly indebted to the Salvin-Godman Collection, with 
Its unrivalled set of specimens directly obtaiued from the collectors. 

The number of actual " types " of species in the families treated of 
i n the present volume is 1G1, besides which there are a considerable 
number of " authentic" specimens—that is, such as have been 
obtained in the same locality and by the same collector as the types 
themselves, and are accordingly of nearly equal value. 

T have now only to thank the many valued friends and correspondents 
who have assisted me during the progress of the present 
volume, both by the loan of specimens for comparison and by 
affording me information on difficult points. Amongst these I must 
especially mention the names of Br. Gr. Hartlaub of Bremen, Ilerr 
August von Pelzeln of Vienna, MM. Alphonse Milne-Edwards and 

M. Oustalet of Paris, M. Taczanowski of Warsaw, Hans, Graf von 
licrlepsch of Muenclen, Dr. F. A. Jeotink of Leyden, Mr. Jouy 
of Washington, and Bir Walter Buller. 
Mr. 0. N. Lawrence, of New York, was kind enough to send all 
his t}pes of Tt/ramiidce across the Atlantic for examination; and 

INTRODUCTION. 

Mr. liidgway, of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, ha* 
rendered roe material assistance in working out some of the genera 
of the same difficult group. 

Finally, I must again ask to be allowed to record the great 
obligations which I am under to Messrs. Salvin and Gbdimin, who 
have permitted me to remove to my own rooms and examine the 
whole of their specimens before transferring them to the British 
Museum. This groat boon has materially lightened my labours in 
the composition of the present volume, and the same kind indulgence 
has been shown to me as regards the remainder of the Mesomyodian 
Passercs, which are to be catalogued in the next volume. 

P. L. SCLA.TEP. 
3 Hanover Square, 
May 12, 1888. 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX, 


Order P ASSERIFO RMES. 

Suborder PASSEEES. 

Division MESOMYODL 

Subdiv. OLlGOMYOJ)iE. 

Earn.I. TYRANNID^I. 
Subfam. I. TiENiorTEitiNiE. 
Page 

1. Agriornis, Gould 4 

1. lmda, Kittl 4 

2. striata, Gould 5 

3. anBecbla, d'Orb 0 

4. montana, d?Orb. et Lafr. 0 

5. niaritima, d Orb. et Lafr. 0 

6. pollens, Sol 7 

7. insolens, Scl. §• Salv. .. 7 

8. solitaria, Scl 7 

2. Myiotheretes, Meichenb. .. 8 

1. rufiventris, F«<??7/. 8 

2. erjtliropygius, J8W. ... . 9 

3. striaiieoflis, &?/ 0 

3. Toenioptera, Bp 10 

1. nengeta, Linn 11 

2. coronata, Vieill 12 

3. velata, Licht 12 

4. dommicana, Vieill 13 
t 5. irupero, Vieill 13 

0. bolospodia, Scl 14 
T 7. pyrope, Kittl 15 

8. murina, aVOrb 15 

9. mbetra, Burnt 10 

4. Oclithodiaeta, Cab. et llein.. 10 

1. funiigatus, Boiss 17 

2. liigufiris, Berl 17 

3. signatus, Tacz 17 

4. iusco-rufus, Scl. et Salo, 18 

5. Oclithoi'ca, Cab 18 

1. iumicolor, Scl 10 

2. super cfliosa, Scl. et Sal v. ID 

Page 

3. oenantlioidea, d'Qrb. et 

T^r.rrA.... 20 

4. polionota, Scl et Salu... 20 

5. leucometopa, Set. et Salt). 21 

0. leucophrys, 
d'Orb. et 
Lafr 21 

7. albidieina, Lafr 22 

8. citrinifrons, Scl. 22 

0. pulcMla, Scl. et Sah\.. 22 

10. lufrogctoralis, d'Orb. et 
"Lafr. ..:.: 23 

11. lessonij Scl 23 

12. poTTogadtra, Sal v. et 
Godm 24 

13. cinnajnomeiventritoaiff/)'. 24 

14. tlioracicaj" Tacz \ . 25 
15 nigrita, Scl. et Salv 25 

10. salvini, Tacz 25 

17. rufimarrinatjit, Later. . 25 

18. di&dermpaartl 20 

19. gratiosa, Scl 20 

6. Mecocerculus, Scl 27 

1. leucophrys, d'Orh. et 
Lafr.t 27 

2. uropygialis, Lawr 28 

3. stictopterus, Scl 28 

4. calopterus, Scl 20 

5. poecilocercus, Scl. et Salo. 20 

6. consobrmus, Berl 80 

7. Ochtliornis, Scl 31 
l.littoralis, I¥ s 31 

8. Sayornis, Bp 32 

1. pallida, Sw 32 

2. nigricans, Sw 33 

3. aquatica, Scl. et Salv. .. 33 

4. cineracea, Lafr. ...... 34 

9. Fluvicola, Sw 35 

1. pica, Bodd 35 

2. allmaairib, Spix 30 

3. climacuraV Vieill. . ., 30 

4. atripezinis, Scl, 37 

SYSiEMVTIO INDEX. 

Xll 

Pa t?e 

10. Aruiidinicola, (TQib 37 
1. leucocepliala, Linn ?>? 
11. Alectrurus, Vieill 38 
I. tricolor. Vieill.39 
4_ ^ ribonus, J will ^>y 
12. 
CvTSeruetes, Cab. d Eein.. 40 
l.'yetapa, Vieill ( ... ^ 
13. Sisopygib, Cab. et Hein. .. 41 
1. icteropbrys, Vieill 41 
14. CuTiroTegtCsiJo/V 42 
1. cp mat as, Lkht 43 
2. liio-errimiib, Vieill 43 
3. atenimus, Kaitp 44 
4. aiilliracinns, Heine .... 44 
5. hudboni, Sol 45 
0. cyanirostiis, Vieill 40 
7. unicolor, Kaup 47 
8. piisillus, Scl. et Salv. .. 47 
0. orenocensis, Bed 47 
10. cabam&i, Sehidz 47 
11. cmereiis£ Sol 47 
13. LiclMopb, Sund. 48 
1. perspHllata, Gm. .... 48 
1G. Muscipipra, Less 49 
1. vptula^ Lkht 49 
17. Copurus, Strickl. 50 
1. colonus, Vieill. HO 
2. leuconotus, Lafr 51 
18. Macbetornis, Gray 52 
1. lixQShi^Vieill. 52 
19. 
MuscGaxicola, d?Orb. et 
Lafr. ... 53 
1. albifrons, TscJi 54 
2. alpina, lard. 54 
3. grisea, Tacz... 55 
4 mgsifr<m&fPftil.€tZandb. 55 
5. cinerea, Phil, et Lanclb.. 55 
6. liladovlana, Gam. .... 56 
7. flavinucha, Lafr 57 
8. laibncajgilla, 
Phil, et 
"Handol" 57 
9. juninensis, Tacz 58 
10. nifiyertex/f Orb.etLafr. 58 
11. maculifostris, d'Orb. et 
Lafr 59 
' 12. fluyiatilis, ScL et Salv. . 59 

13. rnfipennis, Tacz GO 
20. Centntes, Cab 60 
! 
1. mgofj JBodd 61 
2.1^% ScL et Salv 62 

21. 
Muscigralla, d'Orb. et 
Lafr. . , 63 
1. 
brevicauda, d'Orb. et 
Lafr 63 
Subfam. II. PLATYJIHYNCHINJB. 

22. Platyrbyucbus, Besm 64 
1. rostratus, Lath 6o 
2. sen ex, ScL et Salr 65 
3. flavigularis, Scl 65 
4. saturatus, Sah\ et Godm. 66 
5. cancrominus, Set. et Salv. 66 
6. albogularis, ScL 67 
7. xnystaceus, Vieill.67 
8. coronatus, Scl 68 
9. superciliaris, Later 68 
2S. Todirostrum, Less 69 
1. cinereum, Linn 69 
2. sclateri, ^Cab. et Hein. .. 71 
3. clirvsccrotaplitiin,iS^nV7v/. 71 
4. poliocephalum, Max. . . 71 
5. nm*riceps? Scl 72 
6. caiopterum, Scl. 72 
7. pulebellum, Scl 72 
8. guttatum, IJelz 73 
9. maculatum, L)es?n 73 
10. si^ctatum, Scl. et Salv... 74 
11. scbistaceiceps, ScL .... 74 
12. picatum, Scl 74 
13. capitale, ScL 75 
14. ruficeps, Kaup 75 
15. rufigene, Scl. et Salv. .. 76 
16. lenzi, Berl. 76 
24. Oncostorna, ScL 76 
1. cinerelgiilare, Scl. 77 
2. olivaceum, Lawr 77 
25. Euscarthmus, Max 78 
1. nidipendulus, Max 78 
2. zosterops, Pelz 79 
3. orbitatus, Max 79 
4. fumifrons, Hartl. 79 
5. pelzelui, Scl. et Salv. .. 80 
6. margaritaeeiventer;<f Ch°b. 
etLafr. 80 
7. latirostris, Pelz 81 
8. gularis, Temmi 81 
9. ruHgularis, Cab. .. 82 
10. ruasatus, Salv. et Godm. 82 
11. granaden&is, Hartl. 82 
12. pjwbogs, Cab 83 
13. striaticollia, Lafr 83 
14. impiger, ScL et Sale. .. 84 
15. inornatus; Pelz 84 
26. Ceratotriccus, Cab. .. 85 
1. furcatus, Lafr 85 
27. 
Pseudotriccus, Tacz. et 
Berl 85 
1. pelzelni, Tacz. et Berl. . 85 
28. Cajiiolriecufl, ScL. . . <s6 
1. ruticeps, Lafr 86 
SYSTEMATIC rXDEX. 
X1U 

3?ape 
PlltfC 

20. Lophotriccus, Berl 
80 43. Mionpctea, Cab Ill 

1. spicifer, Lafr 87 1. strialicollis d'Orb. et 

2. squamicvistatus, Lafr... 87 Lafr 
Ill 

30. Orchilus C«& .'.... 88 2. olivaceus, Lawr 112 

1. auriciilavis, F/W//. ... . 88 3. oleaginous, Lieht 112 

2. ecaudatns, tfOrfl.etLafr. 89 4. rufivcntii^, Lieht 114 

3. atricapillus, Lawr 80 44. Leptopogon, Cab 114 

31. Coloptems, Cab 
00 1. Miperciliaris, Cab f J15 

1. pilaris, Cab 00 2. minor, Taez 315 

2. galeatus, Bodd 01 3. pooriiotis, Sol 130 
.'if?. Ilemifcriccus, Cab. et Ilein. 01 | 4. godmani, Set. 110 

1. diops, Temm 01 5. pileatiLS, Sol 310 

33. 
Pliylloscartes, Cab. et llein. 02 0. amaurocppJialufr, Cab. .. 117 

1. veiltrails, Temm 02 7. triteti^, Set. 118 

34. napaLfcercufl, Cab 
03 8. oustaleli, Sol. 138 

1. meloryplitiSj Max 03 0. ilavovirenp, Lawr 110 

2. fulviceps, Sel. 04 10. erythropa, Scl 110 

S. 
flaviveutris, cT()rb. et 11. uigrif ronfi, Sale, et Godm. 110 
Lafr. . . 04 45. Cap-siempia, Cab. et Ilein. 120 

4. acutipennis, Scl. et Salv. 05 1. ilavoda, Lieht 120 

35. Ilabrura, Cab. et Ilein. . 
00 2. orbitalis, Cab 321 

1. pecloralis, Vieill.1 0C> ji 40. Phyllomyias Cab. et Ilein. 121 

30. Culicivora, Sw 07 | 1. bre\ ivo.sti'K Spiv 121 

1. bienura, Temm 07 I| 2. b urine isfori, CVJ. et Ilein. 122 

37. Pogonotriccus,C«&. et Hem. 07 ii 3. griseocapilla, Lafr 122 

1. eximiu>? Temm 08 jj 4. IxTk'p-i-hi, Scl..'. 12;J 

2. ophthalmicus, Tacz. .. ON . 47. Myiopatis, (rib. et Ilein.. . 123 

3. gualaquizso, Scl J9 ' 1. semifWa, Scl 123 

4. plumbeicops, Lawr 00 2. tmnbezana, Taez 124 

38. Leptotriecus, Cab. et Ilein. 
09 ,j 48. Omithion, Hart 1 125 

1. syluola, JLicht 09 
|| 1. iiiorme, Hartl. 125 

2. 
superciliaris, Scl. et • 2. jiusillum, Cab. et Ilein. 120 
Salv 100 3. imberbe, Scl 120 

39. Stigmatura, Set. et Salv. .. 100 4. obsoletum, Temm 127 

1. budvloide.s, 
cTOrb. et 40. T>runnuliirt, Vieilt. 128 
mfr.^.: ion 1. chitua, Lath 12^ 

2. 
flavo-cinerea, Burm. .. 101 2. semiflavu^ Scl et Sale. 129 

40. 
Serphophaga, Gould .. . 101 3. brumiLM('apillus,Zrt/ti;\.. 129 

1. suhevist ata, Vieilt J 02 50. Tyranin\scus, Cab. et Ilein. 130 

2. 
albogrisca, Scl. et Salv. 103 1. nigricapillus Lafr 131 

3. ciueroa, Sti iclil 103 2. cmerncops, Scl 131 

4. hypoleuca, Scl. et Salv.. . 104 3. vilishinw,*, Scl. et Salo. 132 

5. nigricans, Fie ill 104 > 4. pan us, lawr 132 

0. subflava, Scl. et Sale. . . 105 5. iinprobus Scl. et Salv... 133 

7. parviroptris, Gould ... . 105 0. gracibpes, Set. et Salv... 133 

41 . Aiiooivtes, Beiihenb 300 7. aeer, MeIv. et Godm. .. 133 

1. paruluo, Xiftl 106 8. griMneop.s *SW. et Salv... 134 

2. iernaiidoziauus, Phil. .. 107 9. boliviaima, d'Orb 134 

3. alboeriatatus, Viy 107 10, oliruopa, Scl 135 

4. fhmmstris, Scl. ei Salv. 108 13. leiicoyoajs, Scl. et Salv. 130 

5. 
agilis, Scl 108 51. Ebiinea, Suud 130 
, 1. pagana, Lieht 137 
I 2. lidloyana, Sharpe 130

Subfam. III. ELAINEIN.E. ]

j 3. oioas, Scl.... 
340 

42. 
Cyanotis, Sw 309 4. niartinira, Linn. ....*.. 341 
l/azaiw, Lieht 310 I' 5. albioops, d'Orb. et Lafr. 141 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Pa<:e 

6. strepera, Cab 143 

7. liypo^podia, Scl 144 

8. taczdiiowski, Berl, .... 144 

9. leucospodia, Tacz 144 

10. frantzii, Lawr 145 

11. oliviua, Salv. et Godm. 146 

12. pallataugre, Sal 146 

13. fallax, Sol. 147 

14. plaeens, Scl 148 

15. subplacen6*, Scl. ...... 149 

10. cotta, Qosse 149 

17. gaimardi, d'Orb 150 

18. flavi vertex, Scl. 151 

19. caniceps, Sio 151 

20. ruficeps, Feb 152 

21. ob&cura, Lafr. et d'Orb. 152 

22. mesoleuca, Cab. et Hein. 153 

23. afenarum, Salv 153 

24. affinis, Barm 154 

52. Empidagra, Cab. et Hem. 154 

1. suiriri, Vieill 154 
I 2. lirevirostris, Tbch 155 

53. Legatus, Scl 155 

1. albicollk, Vieill. 155 

54. SuBlegatus, Scl. et Salv. .. 157 

1. glaber, Scl. et Salv 157 

2. gnseocularis, Scl. et Sal v. 158 

3. 
platyrbynckus, Scl. et 
Salv 158 

55. Myiozetetes, Scl. 159 

1. erytbroptems, Lafr. .. 159 

2. cayennen&is, Linn 160 

3. similis, Spiv 101 

4. texen&is, Giraud 162 

5. grarf&derisis, Lawr 163 

6. sulpbureus, Spiv 164 

7. luteiventris, Sol. 164 

150. Rbyncboeyclus, Cab. et 
Hein 165 

1. oliyaqep^ Temm 165 

2. aequinoctialis, Scl. .... 166 

3. breyjffQSfocis* Cab 166 

4. fuhipectus, Scl 167 

5. sulpbures<?ens, Spix 168 

6. peruvianub, Tacz 169 

7. cinerelceps, Scl. 169 

8. megacepnalus, Sw 170 

9. polioeephalus, Pels 171 

10. viridiceps, Scl. et Salv... 171 

11. flaviventris, Max 171 

12. ntficauda, Spix 172 

57. Conopias, Cab. et Hein. .. L73 

1. trivirgata, Max 173 

2. inornata, Lawr 174 

3. dncboneti, T*ch 174 

Page 

58. Pitangus, Sio 174 

1. derbianus, Kaup 175 

2. snlpliurattis, Linn 176 

3. boliviamis, Lafr 177 

4. lictor, Licht 178 

5. parvus, Pete 179 

6. albovittatus, Lawr 179 

7. cauclifaseiattis, d'Orb. .. 179 

8. babamensis, Bryant .. 180 

9. taylori, Sund 180 

10. gabbi, Lawr 180 

59. Sirystes, Cab. et Hein 181 

1. sibilator, Vieill 181 

2. albocinereus, Scl. et Salv. 181 

3. albogiiseus, Lawr 182 

60. Myiodvnastes, Bp 182 

1. luteiventris, Bp 183 

2. npbilis, Scl 183 

3. auclax, Gm 185 

4. solitanus, Vieill 185 

5. bairdi, "Gamb 186 

6. cbry^cepbalusj Tsch. . . 187 

7. helmcErytfus, Cab 188 

Subfani. IV. TYRANNIN;E. 

61. "Megarhynchus, Thunb. . . 189 

1. pitangua, Linn 189 

62. Muscivora, Citv 191 

1. regia, Gm 192 

2. swainsoni, Pelz 192 

3. mexicana, Scl. 193 

4. occidental^, Scl 194 

63. Hirundinea, cT Orb. et Lafr. 195 

1. ferruginea, Gm 195 

2. solateri, JReink 195 

3. bellicosa, Vieill . 196 

64. Cnipodectes, Scl. et Salv... 197 

1. subbrunneus, Scl 197 

2. minor, Scl. 197 

66. Myiobius, Gray 198 

1. 'b^batus, Gm. 199 

2. 8ulptureipy^iiis, Scl. .. 200 

3. vjllosus, Scl 201 

4. 
cinnamomeus, d'Orb. et 
Lafr 202 

5. vieillotides, Lafr 202 

6. erytbrurus, Cab. ...... 203 

7. rtifescens, Sahad 204 

8. ornatus, Lafr. 204 

9. atellatus, Cab 204 

10. pboenicurus, Scl 205 

11. aureiventris, Scl 205 

12. %\ic*m?» Scl ;. 205 

13. 
pboemcomitra, Tacz. et 
Berlm < 206 

14. superciliosus, Tacz 206 

SYSTEM m C TNDKX. 

15. pulcber, Scl 207 
JO. bellus, Scl 207 
17. subochraeous Scl 208 
18. rorainw, >SW/i\ et Godm. 208 
10. nroviiis, Bochl 200 
20. crypterythrus, <SW 210 
21. eryptoxanthus, Scl 211 
00. 
Pyroceplialus, Gould .... 211 
I.'rubineiibj iitorfr/ 211 
2. muxieanus, /Sit*/ 213 
3. nanus, Gould 214 
4. otacurus, Gould 215 
07 Kmpidnchanes, Scl 210 
1. ftiscatus, Max 230 
2. fnngillaris, Feb 210 
3. arenaceus, Sc L et Sal v... 217 
4. poecilurus, ScL 217 
5. salvini, Scl 218 
08. Mitrephanes, Coues 218 
1. phssocerciiSj, Scl 219 
2. aurantnvehtn*-, Lawr... 210 
3. o<!hraceivi»ntVis, Cab. .. 220 
4. eapitalis, Salv 220 
5. alricepsj Salr 220 
00. Empidonax, Cah 221 
1. fuhifrons, Giraud .... 222 
2. albigularis, ScL et Scdv. 223 
3. 
bimaculatus, tVOrb. et 
"Zap" 224 
4. diva, Bodd 224 
5. jyriseipectus, Laior 225 
0. pusillus, "Sir 225 
7. trailli, Aid. 220 
8. ridgwayi, ScL 227 
0, minimus, Baird 227 
10. acadicus, Gin 221 
11. difficilifl, Baird 220 
12. flavivontris, Baird .... 230 
13. bairdySW 230 
14. salvini, Ridtjio 231 
15. flavescens, Lawr 231 
10. hammondi, Be Vesey . . 232 
17. obscurus, Sw 232 
70. Lawrencia, Itidgw 233 
1. nana, Lawr 233 
71. 
Contopus, Cab 234 
1. borealis, Sw . 234 
2. pertinax, Cab. et Hein. . 235 
3. lugubris, Lawr 230 
4. brachyrhynebus, Cab... 230 
5. ardesiacus, Lafr 237 
0. ochraceus, ScL et Sale.,. 237 
7. virens, Linn 238 
8. richarcboiri, Sw 230 
0. brachytarsus, Scl 240 
72. Dlacicus Cab. 2fl 
1. bilianiMisirt, Bryant .. 212 
2.cavibtMH, dOrh 212 
3. luspamolHisitfj Bryant.. 212 
4. pallidum GOM\.\ 243 
5. blancoi, Gundl 21-3 
0. brumieicapiiliw, Lawr. . 243 
7. latii'oafei^ Ferr 24 i 
8. barbirostrisj Sic 244 
73. Myiocbanes, Cab. et Hein. 245 
1. cinerotis, Spiv 245 
2. ni^resceiw, *SV/. et Sah. .210 
74. Myijnvhus, Cub 210 
1. crinitus, Linn 247 
j 2. einwuscens, Later 248 
3. nuttiugi, Ridyn\ ...... 250 
4. mexicanus, Kaup .... 250 
5. tynmmiluR, Mull .... 251 
0. validus, Cab 2o2 
7. fcrox, Om 253 
8. cephalotes, Tacz 254 
0. pelzelni, Berl 255 
10. phiBonotus, Salr. et 
Godm 255 
11. pliasoceplvilua, Scl 255 
12. apicalis, Scl. et S(di\ .. 25(5 
13. lawrencii, Giraud .... 250 
14. mg'ricaplilus, Scl 257 
lo, nigricrp, Scl 258 
10. atricopb, Cab 250 
17. tricolor, I>eh 250 
18. yueatiiueiusis, Lam*. .. 200 
10. doii\inieousis, Bryant .. 2t'0 
20. stolidus, Gosse .." 200 
21. sngvtQ, Gundl 20 L 
22. autillarani, Bryant .... 202 
23. magmtustria, Gray .... 2(52 
24. flanuuulatns, Laior. .. 203 
25. semirufus, ScL 203 
75. Etnpidias, Cab. el hein... 204 
1. funcus, Gm 204 
70. 
Empidonomus, Cab. et 
Hein 205 
1. varius, Vieill 2(35 
2. aurau tio-atvo-crist at its, 
$ Orb. et Lafr 200 
77. 
Tyrannufl, Cur 2<>7 
l."pipiri, Vieill 207 
2. vertically Say 2( 9 
3. \(»ciferans, Sw 200 
4. nivei^ularis, Scl 270 
5. cr'as^ifostiis, Sw 271 
' 0, griheiks, Vieill 271 
7. rohtratus, Scl 273 
8. magnivobtris, d'Orb. .. 273 
0, melancbolictio, Vieill.. 273 
XVI SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 
Pa }ie Pago 


13. serejaa, Linn 300 
14. 
siiayjssima, Salv. et 
~Godm. ."/ 300 
15. gutturalis, Linn 301 
16. leucoiTlioa, Scl 301 
17. nattereri, Scl 302 
18. viiVHCona, Pih 302 
10. 
Neopipo, Scl. et Salv 303 
J. chmamomea, Later. . . 303 
11. Machaaropterus, Bonap.. . 303 
1. re^ukib, Halm et Kust. . 304 
2. stjidatus, Bonap 304 
3. pyrocepbalus, Scl 305 
4. deliciosub, Scl 305 
12. Chiroxipbia, Cab 307 
1. pareola, Linn 307 
2. regina,' Natt 308 
3. lanceolata, Wagl 309 
4. linearis, Bonap 309 
5. caudata. Shaio 310 
13. Helicurn, tfcZ 311 
1. mill tails, Shaio 311 
14. Cliiromachaeris, Cab 312 
1. manacus, Linn 313 
2. gutturosa, I)esm 313 
3. candsei, Parzud 314 
4. fLtttXeol&^Cass 315 
5. vitelline^ Gould 315 
0. aurantiaea, Salv 316 
7. coronata, Boucard .... 316 
Subfam. II. PTILOCIILOPINJE. 

15. Ptilocliloris, Sicains 317 
1. sipiamata, Mat- 317 
2. buclvleyi, Scl. et Salr. . . 318 
10. Ileteropeluia, Bonap 318 
1. turdinum, Max 310 
2. wallacii, Scl. ef Salv. .. 310 
3. amazonum, Scl. 320 
4. 
stenorliynchum, Scl. et 
Salv 320 
5. verae-paeis, Scl 320 
6. virescens, Mew 321 
7. tlavicapillimij Scl 321 
8. chrysocephalum, Pelz... 322 
0. ioniceps, Scl 322 
17. 
Schiffornis, Bonap 322 
1. major, Bonap 323 
2. rufa, Feb 323 
18. Neopelma, Scl 323 
1. aurifrons, Max 323 
10. Ueteroceivus, Scl 324 
1. linieatus, Sfrickl 324 
2. ikuvertex, Pclz 325 
3. 
aurantiivertex, Scl. et 
Salv 325 
10. apolitop, Cab. et Hein..
11. albogularis, Barm
78. 
Milvulus, Strain*
1. t\rarmus, Linn
2. forficatus, Gm
Fain. II. OXYRHAMPHIP.*:. 

1. Oxyihamphus, Sfrickl 280 
1. il.unniiceps, Temm 2<S1 
2. baler,'Set. et Salv. ... 2b I 
3. 
liypog-laucus, Salv. et 
Godm 282 
Fam. III. P i p R i D JB . 

Subfam. I. PIPPIN JE. 

1. Piprites, Cab
1. pileatus, Temm
2. chloris, Temm
3. tscliTiilii, Cab
4. chlorion, Cab
5. griseiceps, Salv 
2K3 
284 
284 
284 

2^5 

 285 

3. holoehlora, Scl
3. 
Xenopipo, Cab]. atronitens, Cab
4. 
Ceratopipra, Bonap
1. cornuta, Spiv
2. iracunda, Sal>\ et Godm.
5. 
Cirrhopipra, Bonap
1. fUicaiida, Spiv
2. lieteroeerca, Sclft Metopia, Swains
1. galeata, Licht
7. 
Masins, Bonap
1. chrysopterus, Lafr
2. coronuiatus, Scl
8. Metopothrix, Scl 
. 276 
270 
277 
277 
279 

2. Cliloropipo, Cab.et Hem.. . 286 
1. flavicapilla, Scl 28(5 
2. uniformis, Salv. et Godm. 286 
292 j 
293 
294 
294 
295 
295 
295 
296 
297 
298 
299 

 299 
300 

 287 
287 
287 
288 
2<^8 

2$8 

 2h0 
280 
280 
200 
200 
200 , 
291 I 
29] i 
292 [ 

1. aurantiacus, Scl. et Salv. 292 
9. Pipra, Linn
1. aureola, Linn
2. flavicollis, Scl
3. fa&ciala, rf' Orb. et Lafr.
4. rubiicapilla, Briss
5. cliloromeros, Tschudi ..
0. uienlalis, Scl
7. aiirlcapilla, Briss
8. loucoeilla, Linn
9. isidori, till
10. velutina, Bert
11. 
cyuneooapilla, Halm ct 
lulsf
12. cacruleocapilla, Tschudi.
SIBTMMATIC INDEX. 

xvi i 

Fam. IV. COTINGIPJU. 

SuMam. I. TITYRINJB. 

Pn«e 

1. Tityra, Thill 328 
1. cay ana, Linn 328 
2. bra&iliensi,H, Sioaim. .. 320 
3. .semifasciata, $;;^r ... . 330 
4. inquisitor, Z/r7«{ 331 
5. albitorques, Dubus .... 332 
2. Iladrostomus, 6to#. 6J£ i/m . 333 
1. atricapillus, FiW// 333 
2. niger, 6?W/. 334 
3. kpmochrous, Scl. 334 
•' 4. albiyentris, Laivr 335 
5. aglaise, Lafr 335 
6. minor, Less 337 
3. Pacbyrliampbus, Gray. ... 337 
1. viridis, Vie ill, 308 
2. 
griseigularis, Sal v. et 
Godm. 330 
3. versicolor, Ilaril 330 
4. surinamus, Linn 340 
5. cmeivus, Bodcl 341 
G. spodiurus, Scl 341 
7. ciunamomeus, Lawr. .. 342 
8. rufus, Bodd 343 
9. niger, Spiv 343 
10. cinereiventris, Scl 344 
11. polychropterus, Tieill... «0>45 
12. li^ajoE, Cab 340 
13. albogribeus, Scl. 347 
14. atricapillus, Gmel. .... 047 
Subfam. II. LIPATJGIN2E. 

4. Chirocylla, Scl. et Sah\ . . 340 
1. uropygialis, Scl. et Salv. 350 
5. Lathria, Swains 350 
1. fiLvoeinerea, Lafr 350 
2. virus^u, Feb 351 
3. plumbea, Licht 351 
4. einerea, Vieill 352 
5. 
sfcreptophora, Salv. et 
Godm 352 
6. unirufa, Scl 353 
7. subalaris, Scl 353 
8. cryptoloplia, Scl. et Salv. 354 
6. Aulia, Bonap 354 
1. liypopyrrba, Tieill 354 
2. ruf scens, Scl 355 
7. Lipaugus, Bote 350 
1, simplex, Licht 856 
. 2. immundus, Scl. et Sah. 357 

3. holerythrus, Scl. et Salv. 357 
VOL. xiv. 
Subfam. J11. AITIMNIE. 

8. Attila, Lew 358 
1. brasilic*nsis, X m 350 
2. uropy<>ialis; Cab 3,(50 
3. 
spodioitetlius, Sah. et 
Godm 3>00 
4. splat eri, Latvr 301 
5. citrcopygiuH, Bonap. , . 301 
6. eozuniela*, Bidgw 302 
7. spadicous, GmeL 302 
8. ciiiereus, Gmel 303 
0. citriniventris, Scl. .... 303 
10. validua, Feb 304 
11. tkanmophiloidos, Spix.. 3,(54 
12. torridus, Scl 305 
9. Casiornis, Bonap 3(55 
1. rubra, Vieill 305 
2. f usca, Scl. et Salv 300 
Subfam. IV. RuncoLiNiE. 

10. Phcenicocercus, Cab 307 
1. carnifex, Linn 307 
2. mgricollih, Swains StiS 
11. llupicola, Briss 3(50 
1. orocea, Vieill 300 
2. peruviana, Lath 370 
3. sanguinolenta, Gould .. 371 
Subfam. V. COTINGBME. 

12. Phibalura, Vieill. ^2 
1. flavirostris, Vieill. 372 
13. Tijuca, Loss 373 
1. nigra, Less 373 
14. Ampelion, Cab 373 
1. cucullatus, Sicams 374 
2. melanocoplialutf, Swains. 374 
3. areuatus, Lafr . 375 
4. cinctus, Tschudi 375 
15. Pipreola, Strains 370 
1. rieiferi, Boiss 377 
2. luelanolnouia, Scl 377 
3. viridis, cPOrb. et Lafr. 378 
4. formosa, Jlartl 378 
5. frontalis, Scl 370 
8. sclaleri, Corn 379 
7. aureipectus, Lafr 880 
8. lubomirskii, Tacz 380 
9. jucunda, Scl 381 
10. olegans, Tschudi 381 
11. whitidyi, Salv. et Godm. 381 
10. Cotinga,*Briss 382 
1. cserulea, Tieill 382 
2. cincta, Kuhl 383 
3. amabilis, Gould 384 
4. ridgwayi, Zeledon 384 
b 

XVili 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 

5. cayana, Linn. k 3<S5 
0. nattereri, Boiss 385 
7. may nana, ZMM 3S0 
(S. porplryrokenia,1 Scl. et 
hel .",80 
17. Xiplioleua, Gloger 3*7 
1. pompadora, Linn 387 
2. atropurpurea, Max 388 
3. lameiiipemiis, Z>/> 3bi) 
18. 
Carpodectes, #«&? 3b9 
l.nitidua, &?/» 080 
2. afitonuB^ Ridgw 089 
10. Doliornis, 2,«cs 300 
1. sclateri, Tacz 390 
20. Holiochera, de Filippi. .. . 390 
1. rubrocri&tata, cFOrb. et 
Lafr 390 
2. rulaxilla, Tsch 301 
21. 
Iodopleura, Less 302 
L pipra, Less 302 
2. leucopygia, Salv 393 
3. isabellre, Parzud. 393 
4. fusca7 Vieill.393 
22. Calyptura, Stcains 304 
1. cristata, Vieill.394 
Subfam. VI. GYMNODERINJB. 

23. Ilsematoderus, Bonap 395 
1. militaris, Lath 305 
24. Querula, Vieill 300 
1. Qfuenta, Bodd 390 
25. Pyroderus, Gray 397 
1. scutatus, Shaw 307 
2. granadensis, Lafr 398 
3. oienocensis, Lafr 308 
26. Cephalopterus, Geoffr 398 
1. ornatus, Geoffr 399 
2. penduliger, 'Scl 400 
3. glabricollis, Gould .... 400 
27. Gyiniioceplialus, Geoffr.St.-
Hil *. 401 
1. calvus, Gmel. 401 
28. Gvmnoderus, Geoffr. St.' 
JUL ' 402 

1. foetidus, Linn . 402 
29. Oliasmorhynchus, Temm. . 403 
1. niveus, Bodd. 403 
2. nudicollis, Vieill 404 
3. variegatus, Gmel. 405 
4. tiicarunculatus, Verr. .. 405 
Fam. V. PHYTOTOMIDJE. 

i. 
Phytotoina, Mohn 40G 
1 rara, Molin 406 
2. angustirostris, cFOrb. et 
"Lafr

3. rutila, Vieill
4. raimondii, Tacz
Fam. VI. PHILEPITTIDJE. 

1. Philepiita, Geoffr. St.-IIil. 400 
1. jala, Bodd. ' 410 
2. sclilegeli, Schleg 411 
Fam. VII. P i T T i D M. 

1. Anthocincla, Blyth 412 
1. pliavrii, Blyth 413 
2. Pitta, Vieill. 413 
1. uipalensis, JSodgs. . . . 414 
2. sbror, Hams 415 
3. oatesi, Hume 410 
4. cserulea, Baffles 410 
5. cyanea^.i?///^ 417 
6. maxima, Mull.et Schleg. 419 
7. cyanoptera, Temm 420 
8. megarliyncha, Schleg. . . 421 
9. angolensis, Vieill. 422 
o 10. Braclryura, Linn 423 
11. nympha, Temm. et Sihleg. 425 
12. "bertee, Salvad
13. vigmsi3 Gould
14. concimia, Gould
15. lYemi, Temm
16. craihirostris, Wall
17. strepitans, Temm
18. venubta, Midi
19. usslieri, Sharpe
20. granatina, Temm
21. coccinea, Eyton
22. arcuata, Gould
Page 

 407 

 407 
408 

23. erytlirogastra, Temm. .. 432 
24. prcpinqua, Sharpe .... 433 
25. cseruleitorques, Salt ad.. 433 
2(x koclii, Brugg 433 
27. rufiyentris, Cab. et Ilein. 434 
425 
426 
426 
427 
427 
428 
429 
430 
430 
431 
431 

28. cyanonotap<?>•«*/
29. rubrinucha, Wall
30. celebensis, JVesterm.
31. palliceps, Brilgg' 32. mackloti, Temm
33. atricapiHa3 Briss
34. mueJlgrk J^onap
35. sanghirana, Schleg
36. novae-guineae, Mull,
Schleg.
37. mafoorana, Schleg
38. rosenbei'gi, Schleg
39. forsteni, Bonap 
435 
435 

.. 436 
436 
436 
438 
439 
440 
et 
440 
441 
441 
442 

SYSTEMA'l TIC INDEX. XIX 

40. steerii, Sharpe . 442 
u 41. cucullata, Hartl.42 
42. iris, Gould.... 444 
4S.haAi^M'dU.et Schley... 444 
3. Eucichla, Cab. et Hem 445 
1. cyanura, Bodd.,. 445 
2. seliwaneri, Banap 44<> 
3. boselii, Milll. et Schley,. . 447 
4. elliotl7 Oust "... 448 
5. gurneyi, Hume 443 
4. Coracopitta, Scla/er 44(J 
1. lugubris, Schley. .. . . 4J4* 
Fam. VIII. XBNICIDA. 

1. Acanlhidositta, Bidler ... . 451 
1. cMoris, Gray 451 
2. Xenicus, Gray 452 
!• l^SSIi^x.^^^ 45:2 
2. gilriventris. Pefo.., .. 45:? 
Fam. IX. E u n y L .E M I B -K 

Subfam. I. CALYPTOMKNINJB. 

1. Calyptomena, 7I\T#?
1. viridia, Maffl 45(> 
2. win* tell cadi, Sharpe ... . 457 
Subfam. II. EUHYLJJMIN^K 

2. Psarisomus, Swain* 456 
1. dallionsifB, Jameson ... . 45b 
3. Sorilopbus, Swains. ...... 4(>0 
1. IimatiiSj Gould-*-* * 4f>0 
2. rubropygius, Ilodys. . . 401 
4. Sarcopkanops, Sharpe .. . 402 
1. hteerii, Sharpe 402 
5. Eurykemus, Ilorsf. 4(5$ 
1. javanicus, Ilorsf. . . 4o:> 
2. ochromelas, Baffl. ... . 405 
6. Cory don, Ltm 406 
1. sumatranus, Raffl 100 
7. Cyniborkynckus, 1 ig. ... . 40S 
1. macrorkvnckus, Gmel. . 40<s 
2. affinK flhith........ . 470 
ERRATA. 

Pago 22, line 32, for "albifrons" read "albidiema" 
„ 47, „ 4, far " Sericophila" read " Sericoptila." 
59, „ 18, far " muculirostris " read " maeulirostris/* 
„ 96, „ 19, for *' Hapaloeerus " read ie Hapaloeercus." 
„ 189, „ 26, for " MILVULUS, p. 267," read " MILVULUS, p. 277. 
„ 358, „ 27, for " ATTILA, p. 359,'* read *' ATTILA, p. 358." 
„ 362, „ 25, for " atreopygius" read " citreqpygmb." 
„ 449, „ 15, for " Mdampitfa" read " Coracopitta." 
„ 458. „ 25,/#r '-Simus" raz*? "Simus." 

CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS. 


Order II. PASSERIFORMES 

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). 

Suborder I. PASSERES 

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). 

Division II. MESOMYODI. 

Intrinsic muscles of the voice-organ affixed at or 
near the middle of the bronchial semi-rings. 

(Of. Garrod, P.Z.S. 1876, pp. 507, 517, and Sharpe, Cat. B. 
vol. iii. p. 3.) 

Scheme of Mesomyoclian Passeres. 

STJBDIV. 1.—Lower end of trachea not modi


fied ; syrinx as in the Oscines, hut with 

a lesser number of singing-muscles ... . OLI60MYODM 

[(Yol. xiv.). 
STJBDIV. 2.—Lower end of trachea modified 
to form an organ of voice TRACHEOPHONJE 
[(Yol. xv.). 
VOL. XIV. B 

TYKAKNTDiE. 

Subdivision I. OLIGOMYOD^. 

A. 
Plantar vinculum lost; manubrium 
forked (Eleutherodactyli, Forbes *). 
a. Tarsus exaspidean. 
a'. 
Toes nearly free (as in the 0seines). 
f Bill incurved, booked ... . 1. Tyrannidae, p. 2. 
{Bill straight, pointed 2. 0xyrhampliid3e,p.280. 

V. Toes more or less united 3. Hprida3, p. 282. 
b. Tarsus pyenaspidean. 
f Bill elongated, compressed, not 
1 serrated 4. Cotingidse, p. 326. 
[ Bill short, conical, serrated .. 5. Pbytotomidae, p. 406. 

c. Tarsus taxaspidoan 6. Philepittidas, p. 409. 
d. 
Tarsus ocreate. 
Eectrices 12 7. Pittidse, p. 411. 
Rectriees 10 8. Xemicidae, p. 450. 
B. 
Plantar vinculum retained; manubrium 
not forked (Desmodactyli, Forbes *) 9. Eurylsemid®, p. 454. 
Family I. TYRANNISE. 

The Tyrannidae or Tyrant-birds are a large and much varied 
group, numbering over 400 species, absolutely restricted to the New 
World, or Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, over every part of 
which (except the extreme arctic portion) they are distributed in 
greater or less abundance. They probably perform the same 
function in the economy of Nature as the JIuscicajridce or true Flycatchers 
in the Old World, although they belong to a different series 
of the Passerine Order, being at once distinguishable from the 
Muscicajpidce by their normal first primary (which in the Muscicapidce 
is abnormally shortened) and exaspidian tarsi. 

More than 400 species of Tyrannidae are already known, and 
many more no doubt remain to be discovered, as the more remote 
portions of South America come to be investigated. They are for the 
most part birds of small size—the largest known species of Tyrant-
birds, such as Agriornis pollens and Pitangus sitlpJmratns, being 
scarcely so large as Turdus viscivoms, and the greater number 
of them much smaller. The Tyrant-birds are mostly clad in dull 
colours of olive-brown and black, relieved only by shades of yellow 
and green ; though there are occasional exceptions to the rule, such 
as the brilliant scarlet of the male Pyrocephali, and the fiery crests 
of the Musdvorce. Their generally uniform plumage and similar 
external structure renders the discrimination of the species of 
Tyrannidae and their grouping into genera extremely difficult, and 
in many cases unsatisfactory. It must not be for an instant supposed 
that the arrangement here employed, which is practically the same 
as that used by Mr. Salvin and myself in the c Nomenclator Avium 

* Of. Forbes, P. Z.S. 1880, p, 391. 
teNTOrTEKINiE. 

Neotropicalium,' is anything more than provisional. It is chiefly 
based upon that of the veteran ornithologist Dr. J. Cabauis of Merlin, 
as propounded in the < Museum Heincanum? and elsewhere, future 
anatomical study on the lines pursued by Garrocl and Forbes may 
eventually succeed in giving us a much bettor system than anything 
that can bo obtained from the study of the dried skins. 

I regret to say that I have quite failed in my attempt to draw up 
anything like a key to the genera of Tyrannidae as they are here 
arranged. I have therefore given under the head of each genus 
some of the more salient points by which its members may be 
recognized. Even as regards the subfamilies, I can only offer the 
following rather vague sketch of what I conceive to be the best way, 
so far as our present information goes, of arranging the principal 
groups, which, however, must be regarded as purely provisional. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

A. 
Feet strong; tarsi stout, elongated; 
habits more or less terrestrial; coloration 
grey, black, and white ... . 1. TJEMOPTEMNJE, p. 3. 
B. 
Feet weak; tarsi thin; forest-dwellers; 
coloration olive and yellow. [p. 64. 
a. Bill depressed; rictus bristled ... . 2. PLATYRIIYNCEINffi, 
b. Bill compressed; rictus smooth .. 3, ELAINE1NM, p. 109. 
0. 
Feet strong; tarsi short but strong ; 
habits arboreal, but frequenters of 
more open spaces; coloration olive, 
grey, white, and yellow 4. TYRANNINJE, p. 189. 
Subfamily L T-^ENlOPTERINiE. 

The Tamiojptevince are nearly the equivalent of the group called 
Fluvicolince by Swains on, and embrace the genera with strong, 
ambulatorial feet, that frequent open spaces and sides of rivers, and 
are not found within the forests. They are met with in such 
situations principally in Southern America, being much less frequent 
north of Panama, where forms of Tyrannince appear to take their 
place, and being only represented in North America by one or two 
species. 

Index to the Genera, 

1. AGBIOBNIS, p. 4. 12. OYBEBNETES, p. 40. 
2. MYIOTHEBETES, p. 8. 13. SISOPYGIS, p. 41. 
3. TiENIOPTEBA, p. 10. 14. CNIPOLEGUS, p. 42. 
4. OcHTHODIiETA, p. 16. 15. LICHENOPS, p. 48. 
5. OCHTHCECA, p. 18. 16. MTJSCIPIPBA, p. 49. 
6. MECOCEBCTTLUS, p. 27. 17. COPUBUS, p. 50. 
7. OCHTHOBNIS, p. 31. 18. MACHETOBNIS, p. 52. 
8. SAYOBNIS, p. 32. 19. MUSCISAXICOLA, p. 53. 
9. FLTJVICOLA, p. 35. 20. CENTBITES, p. 60. 
10. ABUNDINICOLA, p. 37. 21. MTJSCIGBALLA, p. 63. 
11, ALECTBUBUS, p. 38. 
B2 

TYBANNIDiE. 

1. AGRIORNIS*. T 
Agriornis, Gould, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle', iii. p. 56 (1841) .... A. livida. 
Tamnolanius, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 138 A. livida. 

Bill of Agriornis livida. 

The large size and strong hooked beak of Agriornis readers it 
easily distinguishable. The species are found in the Andes of 
Ecuador and Peru, descending to the sea-level in Chili and Patagonia. 


Agriornis is said to breed among the rocks, making a deep 
cup-shaped nest, and laying white brown-spotted eggs, like those of 
the European Oriole (c/. Phil, et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, p. 137, 
andTacz. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 532). 

Key to the Species. 

A. Tail below blackish. 
a. Larger 
1. livida, p. 4. 
b. Smaller: 
I superciliaries whitish 2. striata, p. 5. 
j superciliaries yellowish 3. andecola, p. 6. 
B. Tail below with apical half of external rectrices 
white: 
J larger 4. montana, p. 6. 
I smaller 5. maritima, p. 6. 

C. 
Tail below with the external rectrices wholly 
white. 
c. 
Body above brownish ash : 
|larger ; bill stronger 6. pollens, p. 7. 
j smaller; bill weaker . .c 7. insolens, p. 7. 
d. Body above dark ash 
8. solitaria, p. 7. 
1. Agriornis livida. 
Thamnophilus lividus, Kittl. Mem. pres. Acad. Petersb. ii. p. 465 

(1835). 
Pepoaza livida, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 351. 
Tyrannus gutturalis, Gerv. Voy. Fav., Ois. pi. 11, et May. de Zool. 

1836, Ois. pi. 63. 

* 
The following species is unknown to me:— 
Dasycephala albicauda, Ph. § Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, i. p. 132. 
Agriornis albicauda, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 341; Tacz. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 184. 
Hah. Western Peru. 

1. AGBTOBins. 
f> 
Agriornis guttnralis, Gould, in Zool. Voy. < BeardeJ iii. p. 50; Fmm\ 

P. Z, S. 1843, p. Ill (Chili). ' * ' 
Agriornis livida, JE?p. Orn. L p. 107; Scl. Cat A. 11 p. 100: id. 
P. Z. S. 1807, p. 325; Scl et 8ak. Nomenol p. 41 : nd. R Z, S. 
1879, p. G09; tf«&. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423. 
Dasycepkala livida, Phil, et Landb, Wier/m. A?r/t. 13G3, i. p. 134; 
Gay, Hist, de Chile, Zool, p. 327. 
Above cinereous, wings blackish with brighter edgings ; tail dull 
black, with narrow external edging to the outer recirix and narrow 
tips to all whitish; lores and faint supereiliaries dirty white: 
below rather paler, belly and crissum oinnamomcoiis; throat white, 
broadly striated with black; under wing-coverts cinnamomeous 
white; bill black, beneath horn-colour; feot black: whole length 
9-5 inches, wing 5, tail 4'5. Female similar 

Eah. Chili. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Talcahuano, Chili (Capt. Marhham klvin-Godman Coll. 

c. <$ ad. sk. 
Chili (Reed) Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll 
e,f. Ad. sk. Chili (?). Capt. King [0.]. 
g% Ad. sk. Valparaiso. Zool. Soc. Coll." 
li. Ad. sk. Valparaiso. 
Lord Byron [P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Purchased. 
2. Agriornis striata. 
Agriomis striatus, Gould, Zool, Voy.i Beagle/ iii. p. 56; Burm. Za-
Plata Peise, ii. p. 459; Salv. Ibis, 1880, p. SoQ (Tucuman); Scl. 
et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 111. 

Agriornis niieroptera, Gould, Zool. Toy. (Beagle,1 iii. p. 57, pi. xii.; 
Sol. et Sah. Ibis, 1868, p. 185. 

Above cinereous; wings blackish cinereous with light edgings; 
tail dark cinereous, with a distinct white margin to the external 
rectrix, and slight whitish tips to all rectrices; lores blackish; short 
superciliaries white: below pale cinereous; throat white, broadly 
striated with black; bill above black, below pale; whole length 
9 inches, wing 4-8, tail 4*3. Female similar. 

Eah. Argentine Republic and Patagonia. 

This is a smaller representative of A. livida and paler in 
colouring. The belly and crissum are much paler, and have not the 
strong cinnamomeons tinge which prevails in A. livida. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Pilciao, Catamarca, Arg. Rep. Sclater Coll. 
(White). 
b. § ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybold). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Tucuman, Rep. Arg. H. Durni'ord [0.1. 
d Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia (Df&nww). Eyton Coll. 
e Jr. sk. Port St. Julian, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.J. 
f Jr. sk. Port Desire, Pat. 0. Darwin [C. ]. 
(Type of A. microptera.) 

g. Ad. sk. Patagonia (?). 
ZooL Soc, Coll, 
TYRANNTDiE. 

3. Agriomis andecola. 
Pepoaza gutturalis, cVOrh. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 64. 
Pepoaza andecola, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 351. 

Similar to A. livida, but smaller: no spots on the head; lower 
parts yellowish, not reddish; colour generally clearer, and space 
round the eyes yellowish (cVOrb.). 

llab. Andes of Bolivia. 

4. Agriomis montana, 
Pepoaza montana, cPOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 64 ; d'Orb. Voy., 
Ois. p. 352. 
Similar to A. maritima, but larger and different in hues; outer 
primaries not acuminated 
(d'Orb.). 
Hab. Andes of Bolivia. 

5. Agriomis maritima. 
Pepoaza maritima, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 65; d!Orb. Voy., Ois. 
p. 353. 
Agriomis maritima, Gray, in Zool. Voy.' Beagle] iii. p. 57; Bp. Consp. 
i. p. 197: Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, 
p. Ill j Sol Cat. A. B. p. 196 j id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 325, 338 
(Chili); Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 185 (Magellan) ; iid, Nomend. 
p. 41; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 609 (Bolivia) j Dumford, Ibis, 1878, 
p. 394 (0. Patagonia); Sharpe^ P. Z. S.1881, p. 8 (Ooquimho) ; 
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. (Xviii. p. 137; Bel. et Huds.Arg. Orn. 
i. p. 112. 
Agriomis leucura, Goidd, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle/ iii. pi. 13; Bridges, 
P. Z. S.1841, p. 94 j Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459. 
Above cinereous; secondaries edged externally and tipped with 
white; tail dark cinereous, the four lateral external rectrices with 
the whole outer webs and about one third apical part of the inner 
webs white, the median rectrices tipped with white: below paler 
cinereous, throat greyish white, slightly striated with dark cinereous; 
lower belly, crissum, flanks, and under wing-coverts white, more or 
less tinged with cinnamomcous; bill and feet black; two outer 
primaries in some specimens acuminated: whole length 9 inches, 
wing 5*3, tail 4. Female similar, but primaries not acuminated (?). 

Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia. 

The broad white ends of the lateral tail-feathers render this 
species very distinct. The acumination of the outer remiges only 
occurs in some specimens, and is probably a sexual distinction. 
Whether A. montana is distinct is, I think, doubtful. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
e, d. Ad. sk. 
Chili. 
Chili. " 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. 5 ad. sk.
/ , g. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I Ad. sk.
/, 7c. Ad. sk. 
Co^uimbo, Chili. • 
Chili (Peed). 
Argentine Pampas (Leybold). 
Tombo Point, Patagonia. 
Port Desire, Patagonia. 
Dr. Coppinger [C.l. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
H. Dumford [C.]. 
0. Darwin l"C."|. 

1 . AGRIOTCNTS. 
6. Agriornis pollens. (Plato I.) 
Agriornis andicola, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 78,92 j id. Cat A. JB. p. 19(1 
Agriomis pollens, Scl. P. Z. S. I860, p. 153; Scl et Salv. Nomencl 

p. 41; iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 677 (8. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 185. 
Above dark cinereous; head and wings blackish, secondaries 
with light edgings; tail with two central feathers blackish, next 
pair with the outer webs white, inner webs blackish; four outer 
pairs white, with a large blackish longitudinal mark on the inner 
web of the fourth pair, and a slight blackish spot at the further 
extremity of the inner web in the three outer pairs: below pale 
cinereous, throat white with broad black striations; belly, $ anks, 
and crissum pale cinnamomcous; under wing-coverts clear cinnamomeous; 
bill dark horn-colour; feet black: whole length 11 
inches, wing 6, tail 5. 

Sab. Chimborazo, West Ecuador, alt. 14,000 ft. 

This is the finest and largest species of the genus, exceeding 

A. Uvida in size, and is easily known from it by its white tail. 
a. Ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
7. Agriomis insolens. (Plate II.) 
Agriornis insolens, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 153, et 1879, p. 610 
(Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl p. 42 ; Scl P. Z. S. 1873, p. 780; Tacz. 
Om. Per. ii. p. 186. 

Above uniform cinereous, with slight white superciliaries; wings 
rather darker, with slight whitish edgings to the greater coverts 
and outer secondaries: below paler, throat white striated with 
dark cinereous,* lower belly, erissum, and under tail-coverts white; 
tail with the four lateral pairs of rectrices wholly white, middle 
pair wholly dark cinereous, pair next to middle pair white, with a 
broad blackish margin to the inner web: whole length 9*3 inches, 
wing 5, tail 4. Female similar. 

Hah. Southern Peru and Bolivia. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. 9 ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru (WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c,i(J ? ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. WMtely [0.]. 
e. <5 ad. sk. Paucartambo, S. Pent ( Wlvitdy). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia {Bxtckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Agriornis solitaria. (Plate III.) 
Agriomis solitaria, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 553, et 1860, pp. 78, 92; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 196; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 42; Tacz. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 183. 
Agriomis maritima, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 531 (err.). 

Above nearly uniform dark cinereous, outer secondaries slightly 
edged and all terminated with white: below rather paler, throat 

8 
TYRANNmaE. 

white, slightly striated with blackish; belly whitish, crissum white; 
under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with cinnamomecms; tail 
with the four lateral pairs of reetrices white, pair next to central 
pair white, with broad dark margins on each web, central pair dark 
cinereous like the back; bill and feet black: whole length 9 
inches, wing 5, tail 4. 

Edb. Andes of Ecuador. 
Readily known from A. insolens by its darker colour above and 
below, and the slightly striated throat. 

a. (S ad. sk. Titiactmi, Ecuador (Fraser). Selater Coll. (Type 
b. $ ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Quito.
of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eyton Coll 
Selater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk. 
Vicinity of Quito (Jameson), 
Pasto, Ecuador (Zehmann). 
Jardine Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. k Ad. sk. Sical; Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. MYIOTHEEETES. 
Type. 
Myiotheretes, Reiehenb. Av. Syst. Nat t. lxvi. (1850) .. IT. rufiventris. 
The bird usually taken as the type of Myiotheretes is closely 
allied to the Tttniopterce, but has longer wings and a rather shorter 
bill. To this Argentine form may he added two somewhat similar 
species from the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, although 
they are not quite identical in structure. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. Tail blackish, tipped with white 1. rufiventris, p. 8. 
B. 
Basal portion of tail rufous; no white tips: 
(rump rufous 2. erythropygius,]*. 9. 
(rump brown like the back 3. striatieollis, p. 9. 
1 Hyiotheretes rnf ventris. 

Pepoaza vientre roxiso, Azara, Apunt n. p. 172. 
Tyrannus rufiventris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 98: id. Enc. Meth.


p. 856. 
Dasycephala rufiventris, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 13. 
Tsenioptera rufiventris, Selater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 331. 
Myiotheretes rufiventris, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 196; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1808, pp. 138,141 (Conchitas) ; iid. Nomenel p. 42; JDurnford, Ibis 
1877, p. 175 (Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 394 (C. Patagonia); 
White, F.Z.S. 1882, p. 603 (Arg. Rep.); Barrows, Bull. Nuti 
Orn. CI viii. p. 140 (Entrerios) j Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 112. 

Pepoaza variegata, d'Orb. et Lafr. Sun. Av. i. p. 63; dOrb. Vov 

Ois, p. 349, pi. 39. f. 2. ^ 
Xolmis variegata, Gray, in Zool. Voy. c Beagle/ iii. p. 55, pi. 11. 
Tsenioptera variegata, Burm. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 635 (Buenos Avres) • 

Hudson, P. Z. # 1870, pp. 333,545; et 1871, p. 260 (Buenos Ayres)' 

2 . MYIOXHEEETES. 
Above and below smoky grey, clearer on the bead and breast; 
belly, enssum, and under wing-coverts bright rufous ; wings blade, 
inner secondaries bright chestnut, terminated with white, outer 
secondaries black, tipped with white; wing-covcrts grey, margined 
with white; tail black, outer margins of external pair"of roctritcH 
and tips of all whitish ; two outer primaries emarginatcd ; bill and 
feet black: whole length 9-5 inches, wing 0*7, tail 3-8. Female 
similar, but outer primaries not emarginatcd. 
Hah. Argentine Republic, Paraguay, and Patagonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Bwmeister). ScLiter Coll. 
b, o. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Burmekter). Prof. J3umiefrtor[0,]. 
d. $ ad. sk. Oonchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). S<dvin-<Rodman Ooll 
e Ad. sk. La Plata. Bravard [G.l 
/ . Ad. sk. Parana. Setter Ooll. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Chili (?). Zool. Soc. Coll. 
t. Ad st. Maldonado. C. Darwin, Esq. [C.]. 
A;. Ad. sk. Maldonado. Lieut. Burnett and 
Capt. Fitzroy [CI


I Ad. sk. Ckupat, Patagonia. II, Dunrford [C.J. 

2. Myiotheretes erythropygius. 
Tsenioptera erythropygia, Mater, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 193, pi. 41. 
Myiotheretes erytkropygius, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1SC0, p. 78; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 197; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl p. 42; iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 077 
(S. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 187. 
Above smoky black, head greyish, clearer on the front; wings 
black, with a large white patch on the outer secondaries; rump 
bright chestnut; tail chestnut, broadly tipped with black, two 
middle rectrices wholly black; below bright rufous, throat and 
breast smoky grey, under wing-covcrts bright rufous; bill and feei 
black: whole length 8'8 inches, wing &5, tail 4*1. 

Habn Ecuador and Peru. 

a. <$ ad. sk.
b, o. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Sical, Ecuador (Bucldmf). 
Quito. * 
Sclater Ooll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll 
Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 

3. Myiotheretes striaticollis. 
Tyxannus rufiventris, dJOrb. et Lafr, Si/n. A v. i, p. 45; d'Oib. Voy., 

Ois. p. 312, pi. 32. figs. 3, 4 (nee Vicill). 
Myiarclms rufiventris, Cab. in TscJi. F. P., Arcs, p. 153. 
Teenioptera striaticollis, Sclater, P. Z. S.1851, p. L93, pi. 42, et 18A5, 

(NJE. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 187. 
Above brown, wings and tail chestnut, edged and broadly tipped 
with black: below, throat and breast white striated with black; 

TYRANNIDiE. 

abdomen, crissum, and under wing-coverts bright rufous; bill and 
feet black; the outer primaries emarginated (probably only in male) : 
whole length 8*2 inches, wing 54, tail 3-8. 

Hal. Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador {Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater CoU 
i. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
k. J ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. TJENIOPTERA. 
Type. 
Tsenioptera, Bp. Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 380 (1825) . . T. nengeta. 
Nengetus, 8w. Zool. Journ. hi. p. 166 (1827) T. nengeta, 
Pepoaza, cFOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 61 (1837) ... . T. nengeta. 
Blechropus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 256 (1837) T. nengeta ( ?). 
Xolmis, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 ,.. . T. irupero. 
Hemipentkica, Cab. et Heine, Mies. Hein. ii. p. 43 

(1859) T. irupero. 
Pyrope, Cab. et Ileine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45 (1859) .. T. pyrope. 


Wing-end of Tcmioptera murina. 

Tamioptera is a characteristic form of the American Pampas, but 
extends as far north as the Amazons and into Chili and Bolivia, 
where, however, it probably only occurs in the more open districts. 
The plumage is mostly white and black, with slight rufous markings 
in some species. The bill is somewhat constricted, the legs long and 
strong. The tail is usually lengthened, and square at the end or 
slightly forked. A curious acumination of the outer primaries 
occurs in the males of several species. 

Key to the Species. 

L. Breast not striated. 
a. Under wing-coverts white. 
a'. Lower surface cinereous 1. 
!)P.n. 

3 . T2ENI0PIEKA. 
V, Lower surface white. 

a". Back grey: 
I cap black 2. eoronata, p. 12. 
( cap cinereous white 3. velata, p. 12. 

b". Back white: 
I tail uniform black 4. dominicana, p. 13. 
f tail white, tipped with black 5. irupero, p. 13. 

b. Under wing-coverts cinereous 0. holospodia, p, 14. 
c. Under wing-coverts pale cinnamomeous: 
\ back cinereous 7. pyrope, p. 15. 
I back arenaceous 8. murina, p. 15. 
B. Breast striated 9. rubetra, p. 16. 
1. Tsenioptera nengeta. 
Lanius nengeta, Linn. S. N. i. p. 135. 
Xolmis nengeta, Gray, Zool. Voy. i Beagle] iii. p. 54. 
Fluvicola nengeta, Sw. Flycatch. p. 102, pi. 8. 
Tsenioptera nengeta, Bp, Consp. i. p. 105; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 13; 


Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44; Burm. Si/st. TJeb. ii. p. 510; 
id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459; Scl Cat A. B. p. 197; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 97; Scl. et Sate. Nomencl. p. 42; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. G10 
(Bolivia); Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 547 (Arg. Rep.); White, 

P. Z. S. 1882, p. G03 (Arg. Rep.); Berl et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 
1885, p. 127 (Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull Nutt. Orn. 
CI, viii. ;p, 137 (Entrerios); Scl. et JSuds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 114. 
Tyrannus cinereus, Vieill. Anal. p. 68. 
Pepoaza, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 166. 
Tyrannus pepoaza, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xxrv. p. 91; id, Eno. Mith, 


p. 855. 
Muscicapa tgenioptera, Bp. Jour. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 380 (1825}. 
Muscicapa polyglotta, Licht. Doubl. p. 54; Spix, A v. Bras. ii. p. 18, 
pi. 24; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 862. 
Pepoaza polyglotta, d?0rb. Voy., Ois. p. 346. 

Above cinereous; lores white; wings black, coverts cinereous; 
well-marked speculum at base of primaries and edgings of outer 
secondaries white; tail black, tipped with whitish, cinereous, basal 
one third of tail white: below pale cinereous, middle of throat white, 
with blackish stripe on each side; middle of belly, flanks, crissum, 
and under tail-coverts white; bill horn-colour, feet black: whole 
length 9 inches, wing 5, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Republic, and 

Bolivia. 
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. N. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . c? ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Maldonado, Uruguay. 
Uruguay. 
Bolivia (Bridges), 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
C. Darwin [O.]. 
Alan Peale [C.]. 
Eyton Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
i Ad. sk. 
Bolivia. 
Maldonado. 
T. Bridges [C], 
Lieut. Burnett and 
Capt.Fitzroy[C.j. 

TYRAETSITD-E!. 

. Tsenioptera coronata. 
Pepoaza coronada, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 108. 
Tyrarmus coronatus, Vieill Now. Diet. xxxv. p. 92 j id Enc. Meth. 

p. 855. 
Pepoaza coronata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 350. 
Tsenioptera coronata, Hartl. Lid. Az. p. 13; Bp. Co?isp. L p. 195 ; 
Burm. La-Plaba Reise, ii. p. 459; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, 

p. 141; iid. Nomenol. p. 42; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 333, 546, 
1871, p. 262 (Buenos Ayres), et lb72, p. 518 (Patagonia); 
Dumford, Ibis, 1877, p. 176 (Buenos Ayres), 1880, p. 424 (Salta) ; 
Harrows, Bull.Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 138 (Entraios) ; White, P. Z. S. 
1882; p. 603 (Arg. Rep.); Scl et Huds. Arg. 0m. i. p. 115. 
Xolmis coronata, Gray, in Zool Voy. c Beagle] iii. p. 54. 

Muscicapa vittigera, Licht. Boubl. p. 54. 

Above cinereous; rounded summit of head black, broad front 
and band encircling the back of the head white; wings blackish, 
upper coverts cinereous, edgings of middle and greater coverts and 
of outer secondaries whitish; tail blackish, margin of outer web of 
external tail-feathers white: below white; under wing-coverts and 
a large portion of the inner webs of the remiges, except in the two 
outer primaries, white; bill and feet black: whole length 7*8 inches, 
wing 4*6, tail 3-1. Female similar. 

Hah Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and Paraguay. 
A species very easily recognizable by its well-marked black 
crown. 


a. Ad. sk. Paraguay. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Parana (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. 
<$ J ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Kep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Write). 
e. 
6s ad. sk. Conckitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
f. Ad. sk. Rio Parana. 
H. Durnford [C.]. 
g. $ 
ad. sk. Mendoza, Rep. Arg. (Weiss- Purchased. 
haupt). 
h. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
3. Tsenioptera velata. 
Muscicapa velata, Licht. Doubl p. 54; Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 17, 

pi. 22; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 859. 

Pepoaza velata, oVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 347. 

Tsenioptera velata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii, p. 44; Burm. Syst. 

Ueb. ii. p. 516; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 197; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Scl 
et Salv. P. Z. S.1867, p. 577 (Mariana), et 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia) ; 
iid. Nomencl p. 42. 

Above cinereous, paler, almost whitish, on the head; lores and 

front white; lower back and upper tail-coverts pure white; wings 

blackish, basal portion of inner primaries and secondaries white, 

forming a broad transverse white bar on the wing; tail white, with 

the apical one third black: below pure white; bill and feet black: 

whole length 8 inches, wing 4*8, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hob. Campos of Brazil and Bolivia. 

3 . TiENIOPTERA. 
13 

The grey back combined with the bright white rump distinguish 
this species. 

a. S ad. sk. Mexiana,N. Brazil (Wallace). Sclaier Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Para. 
R. Graham [P.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. * 
d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
Sclater Ooll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Ooll. 
/. Ad. sk. Para. R. Graham, Esq. [P.]. 
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia. - T. Bridges [0 J. 
4. T&nioptera dominicana. 
Pepoaza dominica, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 170. 
Tyramrus doininicanus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 92: id. Mic. 

Meth. p. 856.^ 
Muscicapa dominicana, lAclit. Dovhl. p. 54. 
Pepoaza dominicana, cPOrh. Voy., Ois. p. 347. 
Tasnioptera dominicana, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44 j Burni. 

8yst. Ueb. ii. p. 517; id. La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 460; 8cl. Cat A. B. 

p. 197; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Scl. et Salv. P.Z. S. I860, p. 033 
(Arg. Rep.); iid. Nomencl p. 42 ; Hudson, P Z. 8.1870, pp. 333, 
546"(Buenos Ayres) ; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 176 (Buenos Ayres) ; 
White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 38 (Arg. Rep.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, 

p. 279 (Paysandu); Berl. et Jker. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 
(Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Mitt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 139 
(Entrerios); 8cl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 117. 
Fluvicola azaraa, Gould, in Zool. Voy.' Beagle? iii. p. 53, pi. 10 (<$). 
Tyramrus albogriseus, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 383; Puck. Arch. Mus. 
Bar. vii. p. 370 ($). 
Tsenioptera albogrisea, 8cl Cat. A. B. p. 197 ( $ ). 

Above pure white; wings black, with a broad whitish subapical 
band across the first six primaries, beyond which the tips arc 
blackish; tail black; beneath pure white: whole length 8 inches, 
wing 4-6, tail 4*2. Female similar, but head above and back 
cinereous. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Republic. 
The pure white body and uniform black tail of this bird render it 
unmistakable. 

a, b. S ad.; c. 2 S.E. Brazil. * Sclatei Coll. 
ad. sk. 


d. 2 *>&> sk- Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Ooll. 
e. Ad.; /. Jr. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.l 
g. 
2 ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll. 
« (Hudson), 
h. A d. sk. Buenos Ayres. Alan Peel [0.]. 
i j. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Maldonado. 
C. Darwin, Esq_. 
5. Tsenioptera irupero. 
Pepoaza irupero, Azara, Apunt ii. p. 171. 
Tyrarmus irupero, Vieill Now. Diet, xxxv. p. 92; id.Jmc.M6th. 


p. 856. 
TYEANITID^B. 

Pepoaza irupero, d'Orh. Toy., Ois. p. 348. 

Tnenioptera iruporo, llartl. Ind. Azar. p. 13; Bp. Consp. i. p. 196; 

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 108; Set. et Safo. P Z.S. 1868, p. 141 (Buenos 

Ayre^), et 1879, p. 010 (Bolivia); itd. No?n,encl. p. 42; Hudson. 

P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 333, 540 (Buenos Ayres) ; JFJiite, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 003 (Arg. Bep.); Barrows, Bull. Mitt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 139 
(Entrerios) ; Sol et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 118. 
Fluvicola irupero, JDano. Zool. Voy.i Beagle] iii. p. 53. 
Ilemipenthica irupero, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44. 
Muscicapa nioesta, Licht. JDoubl. p. 54. 
Tsenioptera inoesta, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 517; id. La-Plata Beise, 

ii. p. 460. 
Muscicapa nivea, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pi. 29.fig*. 1. 
Above and beneath pure white; wings with the primaries black, 
except tho innermost, which are white at their bases and tipped with 
black, and secondaries, which have narrow black shafts; broad end 
of the tail black; bill and feet black; two outer primaries acuminated: 
whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-2. Female similar, 
but no black band on the tail. 

Hab. Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Bepublic, and Bolivia. 
The smaller size and black-tipped tail distinguish this species 
from T. dominicana. 

a. Ad. sk. La Plata, Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. La Plata. M. Bravard [P.]. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Bep. Arg. Saivin-Godman Coll. 
(White). 
d. $ ad. sk. Catamarca, Bep. Arg. Sclater Coll. 
( White). 
e. Ad. sk. Paysandii. Alan Peel [C.V 
/ . Ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.J. 
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
*. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.1. 
j,k Ad. sk. Chili (?). Purchased. 
6. Tsenioptera holospodia. (Plate IV.) 
Tssnioptera holospoclia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47. 
Above cinereous, front and short superciliaries whitish; rump 
blackish; wings and tail blackish cinereous, tips of the outer 
secondaries and outer margin of extornal tail-feather whitish: 
below paler, passing into whitish on the middle of the belly and 
crissum; under wing-coverts pale cinereous; bill and feet black: 
whole length 8*3 inches, wing 6, tail 3*7. 

Bab. Bolivia. 

The nearly uniform cinereous colour and large size render this 

species easily recognizable. 

a,b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 
(Types of the species.) 

3 . (EffiSHXXPTERA. 
15 

7. Taenioptera pyrope. 
Muscicapa pyrope, Kittl Mem. pris. Acad, Petersb. i. p. 191, pi. 10 

(1831). 
Pepoaza pyrope, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 348. 
Xolmis pyrope, Darw. Zool Voy.' Beagle] iii. p. 55. 
Trenioptera pyrope, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196 j 8cl Cat. A. B. p. 198; id. 

P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili); id. Rep. Voy. Chall ii. p. 102; 
Scl et 8ah. Nomenel p. 42; iid. Ibis, 1868, pp. 185, 187 (Str. of 
Magellan); ikl P. Z. S. 1878, p. 433 j Sharpe, P Z. 8. 1881, p. 8 
(Patagonia); 8cl. Hep, Chall. Exp. ii. p. 102. 
Pyrope Httlitzi, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45. 
^ Above cinereous, lores whitish; wings blackish, lesser coverts 
cinereous like the back; middle coverts and secondaries externally 
edged with whitish: tail cinereous,filter web of external rectrix 
white : below pale cinereous, throat and belly nearly white; flanks 
and under wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill and feet black; two 
outer primaries strongly acuminated: whole length 7*2 inches, 
wing 4, tail 3-2. Female similar, but primaries not acuminated. 
Hal. Chili, Patagonia, and Tierra del Puego. 
Easily known by its cinereous colour, which is much paler below, 
and the pale buffy patch on the flanks and under wing-coverts. 

The acuminatum of the two outer primaries is carried to a great 
extent in this species, but occurs only in the male sex, I believe. 
o, b. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 

c Ad. sk. Chili (Meed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Lieut. Burnett and 
Capt. Fitzroy [0.]. 
e, f. Ad. et jr. sk. Chili. Lord Byron [P.]. 


g. 5 ad. sk. Skyring Water, Patagonia. Dr. Ooppinger [C.]. 
h. 
J ad. sk. Sandy Point, Straits of Ma-< Challenger' Exp. 
gellan. 
i. Ad. sk. Port Famine, Patagonia. Sclater Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll. 
8. Taeirioptera miirina. 
Pepoaza murina, oVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 348. 
Tsenioptera murina, 8cl P.Z.8. 1872, p. 541 (Bio Negro of 
Patagonia), et 1879, p. 460 (Cordova) j 8cL et 8ah< Nomenel p. 42; 
White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 38 (Arg. Hep.); Scl et Muds. Arg. Orn. 

i. p. 119. 
Pyrope murina, Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 196. 
Above sandy cinereous, whitish round the eyes; wings and tail 
blackish with whitish edgings : below much paler; throat whitish, 
with slight black striations; belly and crissum tinged with ochraceous; 
under wing-coverts and flanks pale ochraceous; bill horncolour, 
feet black; two outer primaries acuminated: whole length 
7 inches, wing 4-9, tail 2. Female similar; but outer primaries 
normal. 
Hab. Interior of Argentine Bepublic and Eio Negro district of 
Patagonia. 
The sandy belly and ochraceous under wing-coverts render this 
species easily recognizable. 

16 TYKAOTIDA 
a. $ ad. sk.
b. (S ad. sk.
c. d. (S $ ad. s 
Cordova (Doerm 
Cosquin, Cordovk. Kio Negro ofg).
a ( White), 
Patagonia 
Sclater Ooll. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. S ad. sk.
(Hudson). 
Rio Negro of Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.
{Hudson). 
Kio Negro(Hudson). 
of Patagonia Purchased. 

9. Taenioptera rubetra. 
Tamioptera rubetra, Burm. Journ. f. 0. I860, p. 247 \ id. La-Plata 
Reise, ii. p. 461; Sol. Ibis, 1866, p. 59; id. P. Z.8. 1872, p. 541• 
Scl. et Salv. Nomenel p. 42; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541 (Rio 
Negro of Patagonia) ; Dumford, Ibis, 1877, p. 34, et 1878, p. 394 
(Patagonia); 3d. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 120, pi. vii. 

Muscisaxicola rubetra, ScL Cat A. B. p. 206. 

Above sandy brown ; lores and superciliaries white; wings blaek, 
greater coverts and outer secondaries edged with, whitish, lesser 
coverts like the back• tail black, outer web of the outer tail-
feather and tips of others white : below white, with black striations 
on the sides of the throat and on the breast; flanks, under wing-
coverts, and inner webs of the primaries deep rufous; two outer 
primaries acuminated: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 3*2. 
Female similar, but rather paler above, throat and breast washed 
with ochraceous, and outer primaries not acuminated. 

Hob. Interior of Argentine Republic and Rio Negro of Patagonia. 
The striations on the breast and the deep rufous under wing-
coverts at once distinguish this fine species. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Leybold). 
h. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Sclater Coll. 
cf d. S ? ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
e,f. 
S $ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hudson), 

g. $ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Purchased. 
(Hudson), 
h, i. $ J ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. C. Durnford [C.]. 

4. OCHTHODLETA. 
Ochtkodiseta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48 (1859). 0, fumigatus. 
This little group contains the larger and stronger forms of 
Ochthceea. It is confined to the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, 
Ecuador, and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Above and beneath smoky brown. 
a. Under tail-coverts uniform with belly 1. fumigatus, p. 17. 
4. ocHTHomjm. 
b. Under tail-coverts rufous: 
I larger; throat like the "belly 2. lugubris, p. 17. 
) smaller; throat pale yellowish 3. signatm, p. 17. 
B. Above smoky brown; beneath rufous 4. fusco-rufus, p. 18. 
1. Ochthodiaeta fumigatus. 
Tyranmila fumigata, Bom. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 71. 

Myiobius fumigatus, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 249. 

Tyramms boissoneaui, Bp. Consp, i. p. 191. 

Ochthoeca fumigata, Sclater. P. Z. S. 1858. p. 554 18G0, p. 67 

(Ecuador), 1871, p. 749. 
Ochthodigeta fumigata, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Rein, ii. p. 48 j Sol. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511; iid. Nomencl p. 42; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 532, 1880, p. 202 (K Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 188: Berl et 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 294 (W. Ecuador). 
Above and beneath nearly uniform dark smoky brown, slightly 
paler and with indications of darker striations on the throat; 
wings and tail blackish; wing-coverts, secondaries, and outer 
rectrices slightly edged with, pale brown; whole basal portion of 
the inner webs of the wing-feathers and under wing-coverts bright 
rufous-chestnut; bill and feet black : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 
4*3, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Rob. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. 

a, I. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

e, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
/. (S ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Q-odman Coll. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Chiquinda, Ecuador (Vdlagomez). Salvin-Goduian Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
j. 
$ ad. sk. Chillanes, Ecuador. L. Fraser [0.]. 
2. Ochthodiaeta lugubris. 
OchthcBca fumigata, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781. 
Ochthodiasta lugubris, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 492. 


Similar to the preceding, but with the under tail-coverts pale 

rufous. 

Rah. Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 

This is scarcely more than a local form of 0. fumigatus^ but 

the slight difference appears to be constant in all the specimens 

examined, 

a. c? ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-GodmaneColL 
3. OchthodisBta signatus. 
Ochthodiaeta 
signatus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 501, 532 j id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 189. 

Similar to O. fumigatus, but much smaller, rather more olive on 
VOL. xiv. ° 

TYRAlSTNIDiE. 

the back; summit of head darker; under tail-coverts reddish brown ; 
throat pale yellowish; belly and flanks of a sooty olive, paler than 
the back; middle of abdomen yellowish; under wing-coverts pale 
yellowish; inner webs of the wing-feathers bordered with whitish 
fulvous; tail-feathers with the inner webs broadly bordered with 
reddish : whole length &b inches, wing 3*1, tail 2-7. {Taczanowshi.) 

Hob. Central Peru. 
Only known from specimens procured by Jelski at Anquimara 
and ]NTinabamba in Central Peru. 

4. Ochthodiseta fusco-rufus. (Plate V.) 
Oclitliodia3ta fuseo-rufus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 354, et 1879, 
pp. 589, 610; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 190. 

Above smoky brown; wings blackish, edgings of secondaries and 
greater and middle wing-coverts rufous, forming two transverse 
bands; tail blackish, outer margin of outer tail-feather and inner 
margins of all except the two middle rufous: beneath bright rufous, 
throat whitish; under wing-coverts and whole inner webs of the 
remiges except the extremities bright rufous; bill ^and feet black : 
whole length 7 inches, wing 4*1, tail 3*2. Female similar. 

Rah. 
Southern Peru and Bolivia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

e. S ad. sk. Paucartambo, S. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [0.]. 
5. OCHTHCECA. 
Type. 
Oclithoeca, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 255 .. 0. cenanthoides. 
Ochtlioeca contains a group of small-sized species, about 19 in 

number, confined to the higher elevations of the Andes from 
Venezuela to Bolivia, and having much general resemblance to 
some of the Mniotilticlce, from which, however, they are at once 
distinguished by their ten complete primaries. The plumage is 
rather soft and lax ; the habits rather those of the Saxicolm of the 
Old "World, as they frequent the more open and higher districts of 
the Andes, perching on the bushes bordering the streams, and 
feeding on insects. The tarsi are long and slender; the bill is 
moderately compressed. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
General colour beneath smoky brown, more or 
less rufous. 
a. Belly fulvous 
1. fumicobr, p. 19. 
6. Belly rufous. 
a'. Superciliaries rufous 2. superciliosa, p. 19. 
b\ Superciliaries white: 
I back rufescent 3. cenanthoides, p. 20. 
(back greyish 4. polionota, p. 20. 

5 . 0CHTH03CA. 
19 

B. 
General colour "beneath cinereous, more or less 
albescent. 
c. Larger; outer web of rectrix white: 
I wing-coverts cinereous 5. leucomrtopa, p. 21. 
{wing-coverts edged with rufous 6. Zeueojrftrys, p. 21. 
d. Smaller; whole tail uniform dark cinereous. 
c\ Front white 7. alUdiema, p. 22. 
<#'. Front pale yellow : 
I wings uniform 8. citrinifrom, p. 22. 
) wings banded with rufous 9. pulchella} p. 22. 

0. General colour beneath cinereous; breast rufous. 
e. Wings uniform 
10. ritjipectoralis, p. 23. 
f. 
Wings banded with rufous: 
1 head dark cinereous 11. lessoni, p. 23. 
I head brownish 12. poMogastra, p. 24. 
D. Breast dark cinnamomeous, throat black: [p. 24. 
( belly uniform with breast 13. cinmmomeiventris, 
) belly blackish 14. thoracica, p. 25. 
E. "Beneath uniform blackish 15. nigrita, p. 25. 
F. Beneath uniform yellow 
16. salvini, p. 25. 
G. Beneath pale yellowish olivaceous. 
g. Throat white 
17. rufimarginata^. 25. 
h. Throat uniform with belly : 
I wings uniform 18. diadema, p. 26. 
| wings banded with rufous 19. gratiosa, p. 26. 
1. Oclrthoeca fumicolor. 
Ochthceca fumicolor, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, pi. 117, et 1871, 
p. 749 ; id. Cat A. B, p. 198 j Cab. et JECein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48; 
Sel. et Sah), Nomenel. p. 42. 
Above smoky brown, more rufous on lower back; lores and extended 
superciliaries pale ochraccous; wings and tail blackish; outer 
edges of secondaries, and middle and lesser wing-coverts tipped with 
rufous, forming two transverse bands: beneath paler and more fulvous, 
lighter and more whitish on the middle of the throat and belly; 
under wing-coverts pale oehraeeous; bill and feet black: whole 
length 6*3 inches, wing 3"5, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hob. Andes of Central Colombia. 
This is a northern form of 0. oenantlioides, distinguishable mainly 
by its much paler and less rufous under surface. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c} dAd.sk. Bogota. Salvm-Godman Coll. 
2. Ochthosca superciliosa. 
Ochthoeca superciliosa, 
Sel et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 786; iid. No-
mend. p. 42; Sel P. Z. S.1871, p. 749. 

Above smoky brown; lores and broad superciliaries bright 
rufous; wings and tail blackish; outer edges of secondaries and 
tips of middle wing-coverts rufous, forming a transverse wing-band: 

c2 

TYBANtflD-aE. 

beneath, throat like the back; abdomen and under wing-coverts 
bright rufous; crissum whitish ; bill and feet black: whole length 
6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-7. Female similar. 

Hob. Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 

The bright and broad rufous supereiliaries at once distinguish this 
species. 
a, P ad. sk. Paramos of Merida (Goering) Sclater Coll. 

(Type of the species.) 
h c. c? ? ad. sk. Paramos of Merida (Goering) Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. OcMhceca cenanthoides. 
Fluvicola oenanthoides? d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av.i.-p. 60; oVOrb. Voy.f 
Ois. p. 344, t. xxxviii. f. 2. 
Ochthoeca cenanthoides, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 255; Scl. 

P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, 1871, p. 750; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, 
p. 600, 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl 
p. 42 j Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 192. 
Ochthoeca 
fumicolor, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, et 1860, p. 79 
(Ecuador) ; Sclater et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 202 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 191 j Berl et Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador). 
Above smoky brown, more rufous on the lower back; lores and 
extended superciliaries whitish; wings and tail blackish; outer 
edges of secondaries and tips of middle and lesser wing-coverts 
rufous, forming two transverse bands: beneath, breast like the back, 
throat more greyish ; abdomen bright rufous ; under wing-coverts 
and crissum fulvous ; bill and feet black: whole length 6*3 inches, 
wing 3-5, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hob. Andes of Western Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

I rind that the specimens from Antioquia and Ecuador, formerly 
referred to 0. fumicolor, go better with the present form. 

a,b. S 2 ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk. 
Santa Elena, Antioquia. 
Santa Elena, Antioquia(Salmon). 
Salmon [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. 2 ad- sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. 2 ad. sk.
j . 2 ad. sk.
k. Jr. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m, n. Ad. sk. 
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Antioquia (Salmon). 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Maravina, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Panza, Ecuador. 
Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Cachupata, S. Peru (Whitely). 
Bolivia. 
Mapiri, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia (D. Forbes). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L. Fraser f C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater Coll. 

4. Ochtlioeca polionota. 
Ochthoeca polionota, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 599, et 1870, p. 786; 
nd. Nomencl. p. 42; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750: Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 193. 
5 . OCHTHOECA. 
2 1 
Above cinereous, lores and broad superciliaries pure white ; wings 
and tail blackish; bend of wing, slight outer margins of secondaries, 
outer webs of two outer tail-feathers, and tips of all the tail-
feathers whitish: beneath, throat cinereous, abdomen bright rufous; 
crissum fulvous ,• bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 
3-5, tail 3. 

Hah. Central and Southern Peru. 
The ashy back at once distinguishes this species from the three 


preceding. 
a. Ad. sk. Pitumarca, S. Peru (WMtely). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. tf ad. sk.
d. <$ ad. sk. 
Pitumarca, S.Peru (WJiitely). 
Pitumarca, S. Peru (WMtely). 
Maraynioc, C. Peru (Jelshi).
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
H. Whitely [C.]. 
Sclater Coil. 

5. Ochthceea leucometopa. (Plate VI.) 
Ochthoeca leucophrys, Scl et Sato. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986,1868, p. 509, 
1869, p. 154, et 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru); Scl P.Z.S. 1871, p. 750, 
1873, p. 780 (Cuzco); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533. 

Ochthoeca leucometopa, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 19; Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 232, et 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru) ; Orn. Per, ii. 
p. 193 j Scl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 487 (Lima). 
Above dark cinereous ; rump slightly rufescent; front and long 
superciliaries white; wings and tail blackish, outer margins of 
secondaries and whole outer web of external tail-feather white: 
beneath cinereous; lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts 
white; bill and feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2*7. 
Female similar. 

Hal. Pern. 

a. Ad. sk. Chimata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Paucartambo, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. J ad. sk. Paucartambo, Peru. H. Whitely [C.]. 
h. (S ad. sk. Islay, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Islay, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C.]. 
j. (S ad. sk. Acancocha, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
'k, I. Ad. sk. Andes of Lima {Nation). Sclater Coll. 
6. Ochthceea leucophrys. 
Fluvicola leucophrys, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. I p. 60 • d'Orb. Vox}., 
Ois. p. 345, t. xxxvii. fig. 1. 

Ochthoeca leucophrys, 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 610; iid. Nbmencl 
p. 42 • White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 603 (rep. Arg.); Scl. etEuds. 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 121. 

Above dark cinereous, rump rufescent; wings blackish, cross 

TXKANNJD^l. 

bands on wing-coverts and edges of outer secondaries rufous; tail 
"blackish, outer web of external rectrix white: beneath pale cinereous 
; lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts white; bill and 
feet black : whole length 5*2 inches, wing 3, tail 2*7. 

Rah. Bolivia. 
At once distinguishable from 0. leucometojpa by the rufous bars 
on the wings. 

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 
7. Ochthceca albidiema. 
Setophaga albidiema, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 8. 
Ochthoeca albidiema, Mater, P. Z S. 1856, p. 28,1871, p. 750 ; id. 
Cat. A, B. p. 199; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42. 

Above dark cinereous, head blackish, front and long superciliaries 
white; rump rufous; wings and tail slaty black, wing-coverts 
margined with rufous: below cinereous, middle of lower belly 
white, crissum fulvous; under wing-coverts cinereous; bill and 
feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-1. 
Rah. Andes of Colombia. 

«, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Ochthoeca citrinifroES. (Plate VII. fig. 1.) 
Ochthoeca citrinifrons, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 113, et 1871, p. 750 j 
Cat. A. B. p. 360; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 42. 

Above dark cinereous, head blackish; front pale yellow, long 
superciliaries white ; rump rufous ; wings and tail slaty black, wing-
coverts margined with rufous: beneath cinereous, middle of belly and 
under wing-coverts whitish, crissum fulvous; bill black, feet horncolour 
; whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2*3. Female 
similar, 
Hal. Andes of Ecuador. 
Like 0. albifrons, but distinguished by its pale yellow front. 

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Ecuador.
(Type of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Rio Napo, Ecuador. 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. f. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

9. Ochthoeca pulchella. (Plate VII. fig. 2.) 
Ochthoeca pulchella, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, et 1879, 
pp. 589,610. 
Ochthoeca jelskii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 71; id. Orn. Fer. ii. p. 198. 

Above brownish cinereous, lower back rufescent; lores and 

5 . OCHTffUSCA. 
a« 

superciliaries lemon-yellow: front dark liko the head; wings and 
tail brownish black; tips of wing-coverts, forming two bands, mid 
outer margins of secondaries bright rufous: below cinereous, paler 
in the middle of (ho belly; flanks fulvous; bill and feet brown : 
whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2. 

Ectb. Andes of Bolivia and Peru. 

Most nearly allied to 0. citrinlfrons, but readily distinguishable 
by the rufous bands on the wing and the blackish trout. 

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Oodman Coil, 
(Type of O.pulehella.) 
10. Ochtliceca rafipectoralis. 
Fluvieola rufipectoralis, 
tfOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. I p. 00; tVOrb. 
Voy., Ois. p. 345, t. xxxvii. fig. 2. 
Ochthoeca ruiipectoralis, Scl et Sato. P. Z. S. 1874, p, 078 (S. Peru), 
1879, p. Oil (Bolivia); iid. MrnencL p. 42; JSd. P. Z. S. 1873, 

p. 781 (S. Peru) j Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 11)4. 
Above cinereous, wings and tail slightly darker; outer web of 
external rectrices white; lores and long superciliaries white ; Hides 
of head below the eye and chin blackish, brcabt bright rufous, 
abdomen white, flanks and under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill and 
feet black; whole length 4*6 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-4. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Bolivia and Southern Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Bolivia, 
T. Bridges [C»]. 
e. Ad. sk. Baniosani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Oachupata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin Coll. 
11. OcMhceca lessoni. 
Tyrannula rufipectus, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 200 (nee Lafr.). 

Ochthoeca 
lessoni, Sclater, P. Z. & 1856, p. 28,1858, p. 554, 1800, 
pp. 03, 68, 92, et 1871, p. 750; Cat. A. B. p. 108 ; Cab. ct Mem. 
MMS. JKein*. ii. p. 48; Scl. et tiab. JSfomewL p. 42 ; iid. P. Z. S. 
1879, 511 (Antiocmia); Tacz. P.Z.8. 1874, p. 533 (O. Peru), 
1879, p. 232, et 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru) •, 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 195* Berl et Tacz. P.Z.S. 1884, p. 295 

(W. Ecuador). 
Above cinereous, with a brownish tingo on the back; long super


ciliaries white ; wings blackish; broad tips of middle covers, forming 

a cross-band, and outer edges of secondaries rufous ; tail blackish, 

outer webs of external pair of rectrices white; sides of head and 

chin dark cinereous, throat bright rufous, abdomen white; under 

wing-coverts pale cinereous; bill dark horn-colour, feet "black: 

whole length 5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Bab. Colombia, Ecuador, and North and Middle Peru. 

Similar to 0. rufipectoralis, but distinguishable by the well-

marked band on the wings. 

2 4 TYKANNTB^. 
• a. Ad. sk.
% Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d,'e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
?". Ad. sk.
y, k. Ad. sk.
I. c? ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogata. 
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Santa Elena, Antioquia. 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Andes of Quito (Jamieson). 
Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Chilianes, Ecuador. 
Ecuador (?). 
Sclater Coll. ^ (Type 
of the species.) 
Jardine Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salmon [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
L. Fraser [C.]. 
Eyton Coll. 

12. Ochthceca poliogastra. 
Ochthceca poliogastra, Sah. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 123. 

Above brownish, head more cinereous; long supereiliaries white ; 
wings blackish; broad tips of middle coverts, forming a cross-band, 
and outer edges of secondaries bright rufous; tail blackish, outer 
webs of external pair of rectrices white; sides of head below the 
eyes and chin cinereous; breast light rufous; abdomen pale cinereous, 
whiter in the middle; bill and feet black: whole length 5S inches, 
wing 2-8, tail 2-5. 

Hob. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. 
Most like 0. lessoni, but known by its brownish upper surface 
and pale cinereous belly. 

a, b. S ad.; c. § Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad.; d. fj> jr. (Simons). (Types of the species.) 
ad. sk. 

e. Ad. sk. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Sclater Coll. 
(Simons). 
13. Ochthceca cinnamomeiventris. 
Setophaga cinnamomeiventris, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1844, p. 80. 
Ochthceca cinnamomeiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, et 1871, 

p. 750; id. Cat. A. B. p. 199; Scl et Sah. Nomencl. p. 42. 
Above dark blackish cinereous; patch in front of the eye and 
short slight supereiliaries white: beneath, throat and crissum dark 
cinereous, abdomen dark cinnamomeous chestnut; under wing-
coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 5 inches, wing 
2-4, tail 2. 
Bab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a, I. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). T. K. Salmon [C.]. 
g. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
5 . OCHTHCECA. 
25 

14. Ochthoeca thoracica. 
Ochthoeca tlioracica, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 133, 533, 1879, p. 232, 
et 1882, p. ] 8 (Peru); id. Orn, PSr. ii. p. 197: Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 611 (Bolivia). 

Above and below dark blackish cinereous, patch in front of eyo 
and slight superciliaries white; breast cinnamomeous chestnut; under 
wing-coverts whitish; bill and feet black: whole length 4*8 inches, 
wing 2*7, tail 2-2. 

Hah. Peru and Bolivia. 
At once recognizable from 0. cinnamomeiventris by the black belly. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
15. OcMhceca nigrita. 

Ochthoeca nigrita, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 787; iicl Mmencl. 

p. 42 5 Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Tact. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 197. 
Above and below nearly uniform slaty black; short superciliaries 
white; bill dark horn-colour; feet black: whole length 5*2 inches, 
wing 2*6, tail 1*8. 

Hab. Andes of Yenezuela and Peru. 

a. tf ad. sk. Merida, Yenezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Jr. sk. Merida, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
16. Ochthceca salvini. 
Ochthoeca salvini, 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 324, 752 (W. Peru) • id. 
Orn. PSr. ii. p. 200. 

Above grey, darker on the head; front and superciliaries before 
the eye yellow, behind the eye white; wings blackish; broad tips 
of lesser and middle coverts and outer margins of secondaries white ; 
tail black, external webs of outer pair of rectrices, and basal portion 
of external webs of next two pairs and tips of all rectrices white : 
beneath pale lemon-yellow, crissum and under wing-coverts whitish; 
bill and feet black : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*4. 

Hab. Coast of North Peru. 

At once known by its pale yellow under-surface. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Turnbez, Peru {Stokmann). Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimen.) 
17. Ochthoeca rufi.margin.ata. 
Ochthoeca rufimarginata, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 260 j Scl. 
P. Z. S.1871, p. 750; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1880, p. 202 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 196. 
Above mouse-brown, rather more rufous on the rump; wings 
blackish; narrow margins of primaries, broad ends of outer secon


TYKANNID2K. 

daries and of wing-coverts, forming two distinct bands, bright 
rufous; tail dark brown, with slight rufous edgings: below pale 
yellowish, throat white, sides of breast brownish ; under wing-
coverts pale yellowish ; bill and feet black: whole length 5*4 inches, 
wing 2*5, tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. 
The strongly marked wings with rufous bands distinguish this 
somewhat isolated species. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Cutervo, Peru (Stolzmami). Sclater Coll. 
18. OcMhceca diadema. 
Myiobius diadema, Hartl. Bev. Zool. 1843, p. 289. 
Muscicapa fuscicapilla, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1843, p. 291. 
Tyrannula diadema, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149. 
Mecocerculus diadema, Scl. Cat. A, B. p. 199. 
Ochthceca diadema, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 j Scl et Sah. Nomencl. 


p. 42 j iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511. 
Above dark olive, blackish on the head and slightly rufeseent on 
the rump; broad front and superciliary stripe yellow; wings and 
tail blackish, slightly edged with olive: beneath bright olive, middle 
of abdomen yellow; under wing-coverts yellowish; bill horncolour, 
feet brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2. 
Female similar. 

Hab. Venezuela and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela [ Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
19. Ochthceca gratiosa. 
Mecocerculus gratiosus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 113 j id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 360. 
Ochthoeca gratiosa, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. 
p. 42; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 232 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii„ 
p. 199- Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador). 
Similar to 0. diadema, but distinguishable by having the wing-
coverts edged with rufous, forming two cross bars, and the head 
not quite so dark. 

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
b, c. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. 5 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Sto/mmi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6 . MECOCEROULXia. 

6. 
MECOCERCULTJS. 
Type. 
Mecocereulus, Scl. P. Z. S. 18G2, p.113....: M. setophagoides. 

Bill and foot of Mccocerctdus leucophrys. 

This little group is closely allied to OchtJiceca, but distinguished by 
its more compressed bill and longer tail. Like Oclithceca, it is peculiar 
to the higher Andes. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. Throat white. 

a. Tail uniform. 
a'. Head olive. 
\ Rmnp like the back 1. leucophrys, p. 27. 
I Rump pale fulvous 2. uropygialis,^. 28. 
b'. Head grey „ 3. stictopterus, p. 28. 

b. Tail partly white: 
j secondaries edged with rufous 4. calopterus, p. 29. 
(secondaries edged with olive 5. paicilocercm, p. 29. 

B. Throat yellow 
6. consobrinus, p. 30. 

1. Mecocereulus leucophrys. 

Muscicapa leucophrys, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 53. 
Muscicaparaleucophrys, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 327. 
Mecocereulus leucophrys, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 199. 
Ochthoeca leucophrys, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, et 1871, p. 750; 
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 48. 
Tyrannula setophagoides, Bp. Act. Scienz. Ital. Mediol. p. 405; 

* Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149. 
Myiarchus setophagoides, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188. 


bia) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana). 
Mecocereulus setophagoides, Berl. J.f. 0.1884, p. 297. 


Above olive-brown, darker on the head, slight superciliaries 
white ; wings blackish ; broad ends of two rows of coverts (forming 
two bands) and outer edges of secondaries yellowish white; tail 

TYBANNIDJE. 

brown: beneath pale sulphur-yellow, throat greyish white; under 
wing-coverts yellowish: bill and feet black: whole length o-o 
inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-5. Female similar, but smaller. 

Bab. Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Pern, Bolivia, and Venezuela, 
and Eoraima, British Guiana. 

a, b, $ $ ad. sk. Sierra Kevada of Santa Marta Sclater Coll. 
(Simons), 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 


e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godinan Coll 
/, g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
k. Jad.sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. $ ad.sk. Venezuela, (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
k,l. <$ $ ad. sk. Eoraima, Brit Guiana Salvin-Gudman Cull. 
( Whitely). 
m, n. (S $ ad. sk. Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
( Whitely). 


o. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Mecocerculus uropygialis. 
Mecocerculus uropygialis, Zmorence, Ann. L. If. Y. ix. p. 266. 
Tyranniscus uropygialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 21115. 

Apparently closely allied to 21. huco±ilirys^ but distinguished by 
its smaller size, light-coloured tail-coverts, and uniform dusky 
under surface. 


Hab. "Western Ecuador. 
I have examined two specimens of this species, Hr. Lawrence s 
type and an example kindly lent to me by Graf v. Berlepsch. 

3. Hecocercnlns stictopterns. 
Elainia stictoptera, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858? p. 554, pi. 140. f. 2,1859, 
p. 46, et I860, pp. 68, 79. 
Mecocerculus stictopterus, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 199; Berl, et Tacz. 
P.Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (TV Ecuador); Tacz. P. Z. S. 18fc2; p. 18 
(N.E. Peru) j id. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 201. 
Oekthoeca stictoptera, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Scl ef Sah. P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 234 (Merida) ; Tacz. P. 2. S. 1880, p. 202 (X. Fern). 

Above dark olive; head cinereous, supereiliaries white; wings 
blackish, tips of coverts with broad white ends, forming two well-
marked cross bands; remiges narrowly edged with yellowish ; tail 
pale brown : beneath white; breast greyish; crissum, flanks, and 
under wing-coverts tinged with sulphur-yellow; bill black, lower 
mandible at base carneous; feet brown: whole length 4-5 inches, 
wing 2'6, tail 2*5. Female similar, but smaller. 

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. 
Nearly allied to M. Uucqphrys, but distinguishable by its cinereous 
head and the white colour below. 

6 . MECOCEBCTJLITS. 29 
a. S ad. skk Ad. sk.
e. S ad. sk 
Biobamba, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Lloa, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 
L. Fraser [C.]. 

d. Ad. sk Pmia,I.}Guj&qml (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 
f. Ad. sk Ecuador (Jameson). Jardine Coll. 
g. Ad. sk Jima, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Rio Xapo. 
Sclater Coll. 
i.j. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Jc, I Ad. sk Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Mecocerculus calopterus. 
Formicivora caloptera, Sal P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142. 

Serpophaga leucura, Laior. Ibis, 1875, p. 384, pi. ix. fig. 2. 

S^rpophaga caloptera, Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 271. 

Oelitliceca caloptera, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 233 (N. Peru). 

Mfcocereulus calopterus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.1884, p. 295 (W. 

Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 202. 

Above olive-green, head cinereous; well-marked superciliaries 
white; wings blackish ; wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish 
white, which forms two cross-bands; outer margins of secondaries 
pale chestnut, forming a broad patch when the wing is closed; 
middle tail-feathers dark cinereous, three outer pairs nearly wholly 
white: beneath white, belly, flanks, and under wing-coverts tinged 
with sulphur-yellow; bill blackish, feet dark cinereous: whole 
length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hah. Ecuador and Peru. 

The pale chestnut patch on the secondaries renders this species 
easily recognizable. Its correct position is still, to my mind, a little 
uncertain: it is perhaps better placed here than in any other 
recognized genus, but the wings and tail are much shorter than in 
true Mecocerculus. 

u. 
Ad.sk Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.]. 
c. 2 acL sk Tambillo, Peru (8tolz?nann). Sclater Coll. 
5. Mecocerculns pcecilocercus. 
Serpophaga poeeilocerca, Sel et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 47,158; Tacz. 
IK Z. S.' 1879, p. 233 (N. Peru). 

Mecocerculus pcecilocercus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. 
Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 203; Berl J. f: O. 1884, p. 297 
(Bucaramanga). 

Above olive-green, head cinereous, slight superciliaries whitish; 
wings blackish, tips of coverts yellowish white, forming two transr 
verse wing-bars ; narrow outer margins of remiges also yellowish; 

TYRANNTDiE. 

tail pale cinereous, inner webs of four external rectrices more or less 
"wholly white : beneath white ; throat and breast slightly cinerascent, 
lower belly, flanks, and under wing-coverts tinged with pale sulphur-
yellow ; bill brown, whitish at the base; feet brown: whole length 
4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2-2. 

Hah. Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. 

Apparently allied to M. calopterus, but without the chestnut patch 
on the wings, and with the outer webs of the external rectrices 

cinereous. 
a. J ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c, $ ad. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk. 
Puellaro, Ecuador (Frase?-). 
Bogota. 
Tambillo, Peru (Stohmann). 
Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). 
PastOj Ecuador (Lehmann). 
Sclater ColL (Type 
of the species.) 
Sclater ColL 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
Salvin-G-odman. Coll. 

6. Mecocerculus consobrinus. 
Ochtlioeca consobrina, Berl. Ibis, 1885, p. 289. 
" The back is of a very dark olive-green, the top of the head 
presenting a slight suffusion of a dark ashy or blackish colour. The 
chin, lores, and feathers round the eye, as well as an inconspicuous 
or ill-defined superciliary stripe, appear dull whitish. The ear-
coverts are yellowish olive-green, bordered with blackish on their 
tips. The whole under surface of the body is of an intense sulphur-
yellow, suffused or flammulated with olive-green on the throat and 
breast. Wing and tail-feathers blackish brown, the latter margined 
with olive-green. The primaries, from the third to the sixth, are 
margined with rusty yellowish from the base to a short distance 
from the tip, while in the secondaries these margins do not begin 
until the middle of the feather and extend to the tip itself. The 
tertiaries show broader margins of soiled white. The medium-
sized and the longest of the upper wing-coverts are marked on 
their tips with large fulvous-yellow spots, presenting two well-
marked bands on the wing-coverts. Bill and feet dark brown, the 
mandible paler at the base below. Length of wing 2-5 inches, tail 
2-7." (Berlepsch.) 
Hah. Colombia. 
The single " Bogota " skin of this species known is in the collection 
of Graf fi. v, Berlepsch. " The bill is very slender and compressed, 
even a little more so than in M. leucophrys." 

7. OCHTHORNIS. ;\\ 
7. OCHTHORNIS*. 
Structure of Ochthornis littoralis. 

Under this term I propose to separate a singular species which 
Herr v. Pelzeln has placed in Elainea, and I in Ochthceca. It is, 
however, I think most nearly allied to the last-named genus, from 
which it seems distinct in its much smoother rictus with scarcely 
any setae, shorter wings, and shorter tail. In general coloration it 
is very similar to Sayornis pallida, but much smaller in size. It is 
found in Guiana and Amazonia. 

1. Ochthornis littoralis. 
Elainea littoralis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 108. 
Ochthceca murina, Sd. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 749, et 1881, p. 214 (Brit. 
Guiana); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42. 

Pale brownish cinereous, rather paler below; cap, wings, and tail 
brown ; lores, superciliaries, and throat whitish ; bill and feet black : 
whole length 5*4 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-4. Female similar. 

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Oyapoc (Jelski). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of Ochthceca murina?) 
b. Ad. sk. British Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru (H. Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Rio Javari, Upper Amazons. H. W. Bates [C.]. 
* "Ox^os, bank, and op vis, a bird. 
TYBANHTIDiE. 

8. 
SAYORNIS. _ 
Type. 
Sayornis, Bp. Ann. So. Nat. s6x. 4, Zool. t. i. p. 133 
(1854) S. pallida. 
Aulanax, Cab. J.f.O.n. 1856, p. 2 S. nigricans. 
Theromyias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68 (1859) S. saya. 

Sayornis contains a small group of Tyrannidae allied to Ochthceca, 
but of rather larger size, and with a longer and stronger bill, which 
has induced the American ornithologists to place them near 
Myiarchus. Their water-loving habits, however, as well as their 
structure accord better with those of the Tceniojpterince. 

Two species of Sayomis, sometimes referred to different genera, 
are summer visitants to the United States; the others range 
through Central America to Bolivia. 

The nests of this group are open and cup-shaped, and placed on 
rocks; eggs white. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Plumage brown; belly rufous 
1. pallida, p. 32. 
B. Plumage blackish ; belly white. 
a. Crissum white 
2. nigricans, p. 33, 
b. Crissum cinereous: 
I wing-coverts dark 3. aguatica, p. 33. 
I wing-coverts edged with white 4. cineracea, p. 34. 
1. Sayornis pallida. 
Muscicapa saya, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 20, pi. 2. £ 3 (1825). 
Oehthoeca saya, Cab. Wiegm. Aj*ch. 1847, i. p. 255. 
Tyrannula saya, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189. 
Aulanax sayus, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 2. 
Tyrannula pallida, Sw. Phil Mag. 1827, i. p. 367. 
Sayornis sayus, Baird, B. N. Amer. p. 185; Baird, Brew, fy Ridgw. 


N. A. B. ii. p. 347 ; Bidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 336 ; Blakiston, Ibis, 
1862, p. 4, et 1863, p. 57 (Saskatchewan); Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 
pp. 317,473 (S. Texas); Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 427 (VancouverL). 
Sayornis pallida, Sclater, P. Z. S.m 1857, pp. 127, 204, et 1859, p. 366; 
id. Ibis, 1859, p. 438; id. Cat. A.B. p. 201; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 43. 
Sayiornis sayi, Coues, Key (1884), p. 437. 
Above pale cinereous, head and wings darker, margins of the 
wing-coverts and secondaries whitish: below paler, abdomen 
ochraceous brown; under wing-coverts ochraceous white; bill and 
feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*3. Female 
similar. 

Bab. Western and Central North America and Mexico. 

a. Ad. sk.' California (Bell). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. West side Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord [C], 
c> d. <$ 2 a<l' sk* ^or^ Simpson, Arctic America. B. H. Ross [C.j. 
e, f. AA. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel, "N. N. A. Boundary 
America. 
Comm. [P.]. 

8. SAYORNIS. 
.M 

g. Ad.sk. Divide Forks, Platte River Salvin-Uodman Coll. 
(J. O. Cooper), 
h. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Batten). delator (Joll. 
i. Ad. sk. City of Mexico (Angelo). Salvin-Godman Coll 
«;• Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Uodinan Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
2. Sayornis nigricans, 
Tyrannula nigricans, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367. 
Myiarchus nigricans, Cab. in Tseh. Faun. Per. p. 153. 
Sayornis nigricans, Pp. Compt. Rendus, xxxviii. p. 657; id Notes Dm. 


p. 87; Sclater, P.Z.8. 1856, p. 296, 1857, p. 127, 1858, p. 457, 
1859, p. 383, 1864, p. 175 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 200; id. Ibis, 
1859, p. 438; Sclat. et Salv. Nommcl p. 43; Baird, B. N. Am. 
p. 183; Beard, Brew, et Midgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 340; Cones, Key 
(1884), p. 437; Midgio. Man. N. A. B. p. 336. 
Aulanax nigricans, Cab. Jour. f. Orn. 1856, p. 2; Cab. et Hem. 
Mus. Hem. ii. p. 68. 
Muscicapa semi-atra, Vig. Zool BeecheyU Voy. p. 17. 

Above dark cinereous, blackish on head, wings, and tail: outer 
margins of wing-coverts and secondaries whitish ; outer web of 
external tail-feather white: below blackish; belly, crissum, and 
under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length &S 
inches, wing 3-5, tail 3-2. Female similar. 

Hob. Western and Central North America and Mexico. 

a. Ad. sk. California (Bell). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Saticoy, Cal. (J. G. Cooper). galvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Jr. sk.
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . £ ad. sk.
g. J ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Cohuilla Valley, California. 
California. 
Mazatlan, Mex. (Forrer). 
Presidio, Mex. (Forrer). 
Oaxaca, Mex. (Fenochio). 
Mexico. * 
G. F. Morcom [P.]. 
Lord Walsingliarn [P.]Salvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk.
j-l. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

3. Sayornis aquatica. 
Sayomis aquatica, Scl. et Sato. Ibis, 1859, p. 119; iid. Nomencl p. 43; 

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 200; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62 (Costa Kica). 
Aulanax aquatica, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68. 
Sayornis nigricans, var. aquatica, Baird, Brew, et Midgio. N. A. B. 

ii. p. 340. 
Above sooty black, paler on the lower back; wings and tail 
blackish; narrow outer margins of secondaries and outer web of 
external primary white: below sooty black, centre ^ of "belly 
white, crissum cinereous; under wing-coverts white mixed with 
blackish; bill and feet black: whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3-4, 
tail 3. 

VOL* xiv. * ^ 

TYRANNIDiE. 

Hab. Guatemala and Central America to Costa Eica. 

To be distinguished from S. nigricans by its darker colour and 
ashy crissum, and from S. cineracea by the much less amount of 
white on the wing. 

a. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. ] Types 
b. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). SclaterColl \ of the 
c. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. j species. 
d. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Endres). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Sayomis cineracea. 
Tyrannula cineracea, Lafr. Mev. Zool. 1848, p. 8. 

Sayomis cineracea, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 450, 457, et 1860, p. 68 
(Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 200; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, 
pp. 68, 168, 628 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 
1871, p. 332 (Colombia) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201 
(Colombia) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 204 j Berl J.f. 0.1884, p. 297 
(Tucuman) ; Scl. et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 121. 

Aulanax latirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68; Cab. J.f. 0. 

1879, p. 335 (Tucuman). 
Sayomis latirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 200. 
Myiarchus nigricans, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves. p. 353; Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1879, p. 235 (Peru). 
Above dark cinereous, head sooty black; wings and tail blackish, 
outer margins of the wing-coverts and secondaries and outer web of 
the external tail-feather white: below sooty black, middle of belly 
and under wing-coverts white, flanks and crissum dark cinereous; 
bill and feet black: whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3*1. 
Female similar. 

Hob. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Venezuela (Spence). 
Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . 5 ad. sk.
g. J ad. sk.
h. § ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
7c. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Erontino, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon), 
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). 
San Jos3, Santa Marta, U. S. C. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
SalmonJ"C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
(Simons). 
Minica, Santa Marta (load), 
Santa Marta. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. $ ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk. 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Jima, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Cuenea, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Bolivia (Bridges), 
Caraccas. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
T. Bridges [CI. 
D. Dyson [0.]. 

9 . FLUT1C0IA. 
35 

9. FLUVICOLA. 
Typo. 

Fluvicola, 8w. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 172 (1827) F. cliiuaenra. 

Entoniopkagus, Mav. Beitr. iii. p. 781 (1831) F. climaenra. 

Myiopkila, Reichenb. Av. S. N. t. lxvii. (1850) F. pica (?). 

This little group of four species is peculiar to South America, 
where these birds inhabit the pampas, llanos, and more open 
spaces, generally resorting to the vicinity of water. The plumage 
is black and white. The conformation is generally that of Mayorn is, 
but it has longer and stronger feet and a longer bill. Tho rictal 
setae are few and slight. The sexes are similar. 

Key to tlie Sjpecies. 

A. 
Back of head black: 
j scapularies white 1. pica, p. 35. 
| scapularies black 2. albive?itris, p. 36. 
B. 
Back of head, white: 
i under wing-coverts cinereous 3. climacura, p. 30. 
(under wing-coverts white 4. atripemiib, p. 37. 
1. Fluvicola pica. 
Gobemouche Pie de Cayenne, Daub. PI JEnl. 675.fit*, 1. 
Muscicapa pica, Bodcl Table d. PI. Enl. p. 42 (1783)T 
Muscicapa bicolor, Gm. S. N. i. p. 946. 
Platyrhynchus bicolor, Vieill JVouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 13: id. Em. Meth. 


p. 837. 
Fluvicola bicolor, Cab. in Schomb. Quian. iii. p. 703 j Bp. Camp. i. 
p. 195. 
Fluvicola pica, Sclater, P. Z. S.1855, p. 148; id. Cat. A. B. p. 200 j Cab. 
et Sein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 40 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Taylor, Ibis. 
1864, p. 85 (Trinidad) ; Sol. etSalv. P. Z. $.1866, p. 187 (Ucayali), 
1867, p. 594 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), 1873, 

p. 277 (E. Peru), et 1875, p. 237 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl p. 43; 
Finsch, P. Z. S.1870, p. 569 (Trinidad); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871,p.332 
(Colombia); Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana) ; id. Cat. Strickl 
Coll p. 297; Tacz. Orn. P4r. ii. p. 205. 
Above white; back of head and middle of back, except rump, 
black: wings and tail black; scapularies, outer edge of secondaries, 
and ends of rectrices white: below white; bill and feet black: 
whole length. 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*2. Female similar. 

Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. George Town, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. <5 ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
(Brown). 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Surinam. 
Sclater Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. g ad. skf. Ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk. 
Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela. 
Trinidad. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
D. Dyson [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
J i)2 

TYEANNIDiE. 

h. Ad. sk. 
i. Jr. sk. 
/. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
h Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 

2. Fluvicola albiventris. 
Muscicapa albiventer, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 21, pi. 30. f. 1, 2. 
Fluvicola albiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 200; Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Rein. ii. p. 40 ; Teh. Ch-n. Bras. p. 97; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 43; iid. P. Z. S. '1867, pp. 577, 594, 978 
(Lower Amazons), 1869, p. 633 (Arg. Rep.), et 1879, p. 611 
(Bolivia); Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 113 (Buenos Ayres); 
Burnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 59 (Buenos Ayres), et 1880, p. 418 
(Tucuman); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 121. 
Fluvicola bicolor, d'Orb. Voy., Ois.-p. 343; Burm. Syst. TJeK ii. 

p. 520. 
Above black; front half of head, narrow band across the rump, 
and slight edgings to wing-coverts and outer secondaries white; 
beneath white; bill and feet black: whole length 5'5 inches, wing 
2-8, tail 2-2. Female similar. 

Hah. Amazonia, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentine Republic. 

Distinguished from F. pica by its narrow white rump-band, and, 
with this exception, wholly black back. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. d. Ad. sk. 
Mexiana, Lower{Wallace). 
Pebas, E. Peru (Ha 
Bolivia. 
Amazonsuxwell). 
Salvin-prodman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. S ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk. 
Belgrano, Buenos A 
Bolivia.
yres. H. Durnford f C.]. 
T. Bridges [0.]. 

3. Fluvicola climacura. 
(Enanthe clymazura, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 255, pi. 157. 
Muscicapa nengeta, Lieht. Doubl. p. 56. 
Muscicapa mystax, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pi. 31a. f. 2. 
Muscicapa mystacea, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 22. 
Fluvicola cursoria, Sw. Zool III pi. 46. 
Entomophagus mystaceus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 782. 
Platyrhynchus pseudogillia, Less. Bev. Zool. 1839, p. 101. 
Fluvicola mystacea, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 519. 
Fluvicola climacura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 40; Sol. Cat. 


A. B. p. 201; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Scl. et. Salv. Nomenel. p. 43; 
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, pp. 315, 340 (N.E. Brazil). 
Above white; stripe through the eye and back, except rump, pale 
cinereous; wings black; tail black, broadly tipped with white: 
beneath white; under wing-coverts cinereous; bill and feet black: 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 1*5. Female similar, 
Hob. Eastern Brazil. 

10 . A.UTJNBINICOLA. 37 
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. skd e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad, sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Bahia ( Wueherer). Salvin-Godman 0)11. 
Bahia. Sdator OolL 
Pernarnbuco (Jforfca). Salvin-Godman OolL 
Brazil. Jardiuo Coll. 
Brazil. Purchased. 
4. Fluvicola atripeunis. 

Fluvieola atripennis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 280; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 201; Set. et Salv. Nomencl p. 43; Tacz. P. Z. S.1877, pp. 310, 
325 (Peru); ttf. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 206; Berl et Tacz. P. £. 8.1883, 
p. 553 (W. Ecuador). 
Similar to F. climacura, but under wing-coverts white, not black, 
and wings exteriorly blacker. 
Hah. Western Ecuador and Peru. 

a, b. (5 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater OolL (Types 
of the species.) 

c. tf ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). L. Fraser [O.J. 
d, e. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman OolL 
gomez). 

10. AEUKDIKICOLA. 
Type. 

Arundinicola,<f 0>-6. Voy., Ois. p. 334 (1839) A. leucocephala. 
Myiophila, Reichenb. Av. 8yst. Nat. t. lxvii. (1850).. A. leucocephala* 

This monotypic form has much of the structure of Fluvieola, but 
has a stronger bill and shorter wing. It is a marsh-loving bird, and 
is found in suitable localities all over South America from Colombia 
to Brazil. The sexes are different. 

1. Artmdinicola leucocephala. 
Pipra leucocephala, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 340. 
Muscicapa dominicana, Spir, Av. Bras. ii. p. 21, pi. 29. f. 2. 
Muscicana leucocephala, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 822. 
Arundinicola leucocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 104; dOrb. Voy., Ois. 


p. 334; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 703; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. 
p. 512: Scl Cat. A. B. p. 201; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 43 ; iid. P. Z. S.1867, p. 978 (E. Peru); 1809, p. 252 
(Venezuela), 1873, p. 277 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. Oil (Bolivia); 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 
(N.E. Brazil) ; id. P. Z. S.1881, p. 437 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 291 
(Brit. Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 207; Scl et Suds. Arg. Orn. 
i. p. 122. 
Mionectes leucocephalus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. IV. p. 148. 
Dixiphia leucocephala, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 41. 
Black; whole head and neck and a patch on the flanks white; 
bill horn-colour, base of lower mandible white ; feet black : whole 

* Of. Gray, List of Gen. (1855), p. 48. 
3 8 TYRANETIDiE. 

length 5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1-8. Female. Above cinereous, front 
and sides of head whitish; tail black: beneath white; flanks and 
under wing-coverts cinerascent. 

Bab. Colombia and southwards to Bolivia and Argentina. 

a. <$ ad. sk. 
b. <$ ad. sk. 
c. 2 ad.sk. 
d. 2 ad. sk. 
e,f. S 2 ad. sk. 
g. cf ad. sk 
h, i. S 2 ad. sk. 
y, k. <3 2 ad. sk. 
% m. tfad. et cJjr. 
sk. 

n. $ ad. sk. 
o. $ ad. sk. 
p, q. S ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). 
Maruria, Venezuela (Goering). 
Cayenne. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 


( Whitely). 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). 
Pernambuco (Forbes) 
Bahia ( Wucherer). 
Kio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil 

(Joyner). 

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 

Brazil {Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
11. ALECTRURUS. 
Type. 
Alectruriis, Vieill. Analyse, p. 39 (1816) A. tricolor. 
Gallita, Vieill. Analyse, p. 68 (1816) A. tricolor. 
Xenuras, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 A. tricolor. 
Yetapa, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 387 (1831) A. risorius. 
Psalidura, Gloger, Hand. u. Hilfsb. p. 326 (1842) A. risorius. 

Alectrurus embraces two species, peculiar to the pampas-district 
of South America (from S.E. Brazil to the middle of the Argentine 
Eepublic), and at once known by the extraordinary development 
of the outer rectrices in the male, which, however, is very different 
in the two species. In A. tricolor this peculiar rectrix is only 
moderately lengthened, but also laterally developed by the extreme 
elongation of the web of the inner vane. In A. risoriu* it is 

Head of Alectrurus risorius <$. 

enormously lengthened to nearly four times the length of the normal 
feathers; its base is denuded on both sides, and beyond the naked 
base the inner web only is much developed, the outer web being 

11 . ALECIBTTKTJS. 
39 

hardly apparent. In both species the outer primary is abnormally 
shortened, and terminates in the male in a pointed end turning-
inwards. In A. risorius the male in the breeding-season altogether 
loses the feathers on the throat and sides of the head below the 
eyes, and the naked skin becomes of a bright orange colour (see 
ex. c). (Cf. Mrroivs, Bull. DTutt. Orn. CI. ii. p. 140.) 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Smaller; black breast-collar imperfect; external 
rectrix of male slightly elongated and broadened 1. tricolor, p. 30. 
B. 
Larger ; black breast-collar broad; external rectrix 
of male much elongated, not broadened 2. risorius, p. 39. 
1. Alectrurus tricolor. 
Gallito, Azara, Apunt. ii, p. 240. 
Alectrurus tricolor, Vieill Nouv. Diet. p. 408; id, Eno. Meth. p. 860; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 194; cPOrb. Voy., Ois. p 341; Burm. Syst ueb. ii. 

p. 511; 8cL Cat. A. B. p. 201; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98 ; 8cl et Salu. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 611 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Scl. et lluds. 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 122. 
Alectura azarse, Sw. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 96, pi. 6. 
Muscicapa alector, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 874; Licht. Boubl, p. 53; 

Temm. PL Col 155. 
Muscicapa alectrura, Vieill Gal. Ois. p. 211, pi. 132. 
Gallita tricolor, Vieill Anal. p. 68. 
Alectrurus alector, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 387. 


Above black; rump greyish; sides of the head, scapularies, lesser 
wing-coverts, and outer margins of secondaries white; tail black, 
onter rectrix on each side produced, expanded, fan-shaped: beneath 
white, patch on each side of the breast forming an incomplete collar, 
black; bill horn-colour; feet black: whole length 7*2 inches, 
wing 2-8, tail, outer rectr. 2-5, middle rectr. 1*5. Female. Above 
brown ; rump and lesser wing-coverts pale : beneath dirty white ; 
sides of breast brown; tail short and even. 

Hob. Pampas of South Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine 
Republic. 

a, b. tf ad.; c. J Pelotas, Bio Grande clo Sul, Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
ad. sk. Brazil (Joyner). 
d, e. tf J ad.;/. ? Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. $ jr. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. d ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
h, I. S ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Brazil. Br. J. E. Gray [P.]. 
2. Alectrurus risorius. 
Cola rara pardo y bianco, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 244. 
Le giura-yetapa,y^7Z. Nouv. Diet. xii. p. 409; id. Enc. Mtth. p. 86JL. 
Muscicapa risoria, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 209, pi. 131 (1825). 

TYEANNIDJ3B. 

Alectrurus risoriua, Scl. et Hvds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 122. 
Alectrurus guira-yetapa, oVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 54 (1837); 

d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 342; Gray in Zool. Voy. < Beagle,1 p. iii. p. -51» 

Bp. Consp. i. p. 194; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 201; Peh. Orn. Bras. 

p. 98; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. p. 43; Burnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 60 
(Buenos Ayres); Barrows, Bull. Futt. Orn. Club, viii. p. 140 
(Entrerios) ; Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279 (Paysandu). 
Muscicapa psalura, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 877 ; Temm. PL Col 286,296. 
Yetapa psalura, Less. Tr. cTOni. i. p. 387. 
Psalidura guirayetapa, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 43. 
Alectrurus psalurus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 510; id. La-Plata Reise, 


ii. p. 457. 
Above black, rump grey; front varied with white ; wings black ; 
scapularies, outer margins of wing-feathers, and coverts white; 
tail black; two outer rectrices much elongated, denuded at the 
base, with a broad inner and no outer vane: beneath white, broad 
band across the breast black; throat in the breeding-season bare of 
feathers and of a bright orange; bill yellowish : feet black : whole 
length 11 inches, wing 3, tail, outer rectr. 8, middle 2. Female. 
Above brown, wings varied with white; sides of head white: 
beneath white, breast-band pale brown; tail with the two outer 
rectrices slightly elongated and denuded, terminated with spallations 
on the inner vane. 

Hah, Pampas of Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Republic. 

a. S ad. sk. La Plata. Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk.
.6*. S ad. sk.
e. Jr. sk. 
Maldonado. 
Paysandii, Uruguay {Gibson). 
Lugan Bridge, Buenos Ayres. 
Capt. Fitzroy [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
H. Durnford [0.]. 

12. CYBERNETES, 
Type. 
Gubernetes, Such, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 114 (1825) 4.. C. yetapa. 
Cybernetes, Cab. -et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 (1859) C. yetapa. 

This monotypic form, although obviously allied to the preceding, 
is at once recognizable by its peculiar elongated and much graduated 
tail, of much stiifened feathers. It inhabits the pampas-districts of 

S.E. Brazil and the adjoining countries, extending into the north of 
the Argentine Republic. 
1- Cybernetes yetapa. 
Yiperu, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 322. 
Muscicapa yetapa, Vieill. Noun. Diet xxi. p. 460 (1818); id. Enc. 
Meth. p. 834. 
Tyrannus bellulus, Vieill Nouv. Bid. xxxv. p. 75 (1819); id. Enc. 
Meth. p. 846; Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 360. 
Muscicapa yiperu, Licht. Boubl. p. 52. 
Muscicapa longicauda, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 14, pi. 17. 
Gubernetes cunninghamii, Such, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 114, pi. 4. 

13 . SISOPYGTS. 
41 

G-ubernetes forficatus, Sw. Nat. Lib?-., Flycatch. p. 92, pi. 5. 
Tyrannus cunninghamii, Less. Tr. d?Orn. p. 382. * 
Gubernetes yiperu, JELartl. Ind. Az. p. 5; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. 


p. 509. 
Alectrurus yetapa, d?Ovb. Voy., Ois. p. 342. 
Cybemetes yetapa, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 42; Scl. Cat. A. B. 
p. 203 ; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 99; Scl. et Salv. P.Z. S. 1879, p. 611 
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 43; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 
(Misiones); Sel et Euds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 124. 
Above hoary grey, with lineiform blackish shaft-stripes ; wings 
black, -with a large chestnut-brown patch occupying the outer webs 
of the inner primaries; tail of twelve much graduated feathers, 
black ; outer web of external reetrix white: beneath as above but 
rather paler; throat and crissum white ; patch on each side of the 
neck and collar across the neck dark chestnut-brown ; under wing-
coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers white; bill pale brown, 
feet black : whole length 16 inches, wing 5, tail, ext. rectr. 12*5, 
middle 2*6. Female similar, not quite so bright. 

Bab, S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and northern part of La 

Plata. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Jardine Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. c^ad.sk. Misiones, Arg. Rep.(White). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
13. 
SISOPYGIS. 
Type. 
Sisopygis, Cab. et Eein. Mus. Sein. ii. p. 46 (1859) ,. S. icterophrys. 
A single species, of abnormal colouring for this group of the Tyranniclce, 
but usually referred hero, forms the type and only known 
species of Sisopygis, so called from its superficial resemblance to 
Motacilhs Sisopygis builds in bushes, makes an open nest, and lays 
3 or 4 white eggs spotted, mostly at the larger end, with reddish 


(cVOrl.). 

1. Sisopygis icterophrys. 
Suiriri obscuro y amarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 118. 
Muscicapa icterophrys, VieilL Nouv. Diet, xxi. p. 458 *, id. Enc. MStft. 

p. 832. 
Muscicapa chrysochloris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 793. 
Suiriri icterophrvs, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 338; Striekl. Ann. fy Mag. 
N. E. xiii. p. 414, pi. 12 (1844). 
Tsenioptera icterophrys, Bttrm. Syst, TJeb. ii. p. 518; id. La-Plata 
Reise, ii. p. 460. 
Fluvicola icterophrys, Bp. Consp. p. 195 ; Darw. Zool Voy. 'Beagle] 

iii. p. 53. , * 
Tyrarnnis cinchoneti, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 151, pi. 8. f. 2. ** 
Sisopygis icterophrys, Cab. et Eein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 46; Scl. Cat. 
A. B. p. 202; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 98; Scl et Salv. Nomencl 
p. 43; iid. P. Z S. 1868, p. 141 (Buenos Ayres); Durnford, 
TIRANNID^E. 

Ibis, 1876, p. 159, 1877, p. 176, et 1880, p. 410 (Buenos Ayres); 
Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 29 (Buenos Avres) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, 

p. 604 (Arg. Rep.) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 
(Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 61 viii. p. 141 
(Entrerios)* Sel. et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 125. 
Above bright olive-green, head rather greyish, lores and superciliary 
stripe yellow ; wings blackish, broad ends of coverts and 
outer edges of secondaries dirty white ; tail blackish: beneath bright 
yellow, sides of breast and flanks olivaceous; under wing-coverts 
whitish ; bill dark horn-colour, feet black: whole length 6*1 inches, 
wing 3*5, tail 2*7. Female similar, but not quite so bright. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Northern La Plata, and 
highlands of Bolivia and Peru. 

a. Ad. si Brazil. Zool. Soe. Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil {Wuc 
S. Brazil.
heref). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
d. e. $ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, g. Ad. sk.
Brazil (Joyner). 
S. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
A, *. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. st.
h. $ Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk. 
Bolivia. 
Punta Lara, Buenos 
Conchitas, Buenos(Hudson). 
Uruguay (?).
Ayres. 
Ayres 
T. Bridges [0.1 
BL Durnford [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
C. Darwin [C.]. 

14. CMPOLEGUS. m 
Type. 
Knipolegus, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 973 0. comatus. 
Ada, Less. Tr. cPOrn. p. 388 (1831) C. nigerrimus. 
Sericoptila, Bp. Ann. d. 8c. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. i. p. 134 

(1854) 
C. cyanirostris *. 

This is a well-marked group of about eleven species, in which the 
males are mostly of a nearly uniform, more or less shining black 
or cinereous, and the females generally brown and variegated. The 
genus is most highly developed in the pampas-districts of the South, 
but one or two smaller species range up to the Orinoco. 

Key to the Species. 

A. General colour black. 
a. 
Crested: size larger. 
I Sexes alike; size larger 1. comatus, p. 43. 
I Sexes different,- size smaller 2. nigerrimus, p. 43. 
b. Not crested: size smaller. 
a'. Inner webs of primaries white. 
a2. White of primaries more definite: 
i larger: wing 3*5 4. anthracinus, p. 44. 
middle: wing 3*3 3. aterrimus, p. 44. 
smaller : wing 2*8 5. hudsoni, p. 45. 

b%. White on primaries less definite ... . 6. cyanirostris, p. 46. 

Cf. Gray's Cat. of Gen. (1855), p. 145. 

14 . CNIPOLEGUS. 
43 

b'. Inner webs of primaries dark slato


colour : 


i 
larger: outer primaries normal .. 7. unicolor, p. 47. 


smaller: outer primaries acumi


nated 8. pusillus, p. 47. 

B. General colour slaty or grey: 
c. Olivaceous slaty; wing 3*1 9. orenocensk, p. 47. 
d. Cinereous: 
llarger : wing3*0 10. cabanisi, p. 47. 
I smaller : wing 2*2 11. cimreus, p. 47. 
1. Cnipolegus conaatus. 
Muscicapa comata, Licit Doubly. 55; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 810. 
Knipolegus lopliotes, JBoie, Isis, 1820, p. 97;]. 
Muscicapa galeata, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pi. 27 (tf). 
Blechropus cristatus, 8io. Nat. Lib)'., Mycatch, p. 99, pi. 7. 
Cnipolegus comatus, Bp.Consp. i. p. 195; lump, Jown. f. Orn. ISrtf, 


p. 29; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 513; Heine, Jour. /. Orn. 1859, 
p. 330 ; Cab. et Eein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 40 ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 202; 
Befo. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Bed. et Jher. 
Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 (Rio Grande do Sul). 
Crested ; uniform glossy black ; wings and tail brownish, margined 

with black; large patch occupying the bases of the inner wobs of tho 

wing-feathers white ; bill and feet black: whole length 8-5 inches, 

wing 4*8, tail 4. Female similar. 

Eab. Campos of S.E. Brazil. 

The large size and crested head render this fine species easily re


cognizable. The sexes are similar (cf. v. Pelzeln, op. eit.). 

a. Ad. sk. Bio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. <$ $ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coil. 
(Joyner). 

d. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
/ , Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
2. Cnipolegus nigerrimus. 
Muscicapa nigerrima, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 453; id. Etic. MHh. 
p. 828. 
Muscicapa galeata, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pi. 28 ( §). 
Ada nigerrima, Less. Tr. d?Orn. i. p. 388 (J), et A. rufogularis, Less. 
ibid.($).
Cnipolegus lafresnayi, Kaup, Journ.f. Orn. 1853, p. 29 (jr.). 
Cnipolegus nigerrimus, Heine, Journ.f. Orn. 1859, p. 332; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 202; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl 
p. 43. . .. 
Sericoptila nigerrima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. n. p. 47. 
Sub-crested: uniform black; a largo patch on tho lower halves 
of the inner webs of the wing-feathers white; bill plumbeous, feet 
black : whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-3. Female similar, but 
throat striated with rufous. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

TYRANNIDiB. 

The lesser crest, smaller size, and shorter plumbeous bill serve to 
distinguish this species from 0. eomatus. As regards the curious 
sexual difference of the female of. Pelzeln, op. cit. 

a. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b, c. <$ 2 ad. sk. 
d,e. $ § ad. sk. 
/ . S ad. sk. 
V? h> 6 2 ad. sk. 
S. Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
i. 2 ad. sk. 
jj h. <S ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 

3. Cnipolegus aterrimiis. 
Fluvicola nigerrima, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 59. 
Ada nigerrima, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 340. 
Cnipolegus aterrimiis, Kaup, Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 29; Heine, 


J.f. 0.1859, p. 334; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 202 ; Scl et Salv. MmencL 
P; 43* 
Sericoptila aterrima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46. 
Cnipolegus anthracinus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 j id. Orn. Per. 


ii.p. 208(d)? 
Uniform dull black; a broad bar across the bases of the Inner 
webs of the wing-feathers white; bill plumbeous ; feet black: whole 
length 6 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*9. Female, Ashy brown, rump and 
upper tail-coverts bright rufous; wings blackish, ends of coverts 
(forming two bands) and outer margins of secondaries white ; bases 
of the outer webs of the primaries rufous; tail, apical portion 
blackish, basal portion bright rufous, like the tail-coverts: below 
pale fulvous, whiter on the belly ; bill and feet black. 

Hah. Bolivia. 
a, b. c? J ad. sk.
Cjd. tf ? ad. sk. 
Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e,f 6 $ ad. sk.,*
g. Jr. sk. 
h. J ad. sk.
i. <$ ad. sk.
/. $ ad. sk.
h, I. S 2 a(l. sk.
m, n. § ad. sk.
o. Ad, st. 
Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia (D. Forbes). 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia (Bridges). 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
T. Bridges [CI. 
T. Bridges [0/ 

4. Cnipolegus anthracinus. 
Cnipolegus anthracinus, Heine, J. f. 0. 1859, p. 334 j Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 43; Cab. J.f. 0.187&, p. 197 (Cordova) j Sol. et Huds. 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 126. 

Cnipolegus aterrimus, White, P.Z. S. 1882, p. 604; Salv. Ibis, 1880, 

p. 356 (Salta). 
Myiarchus fasciatus,Leybold, J.f. 0.1865, p. 402 (9 ) • cf. Cab. J.fO 
1878, p. 197. \ + .><' J-* 
Cnipolegus cyanirostris, Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 457. 

14. CNIPOLEGUS. 45 
Similar to 0. aterrimus, but rather larger, and tho white bar 
across the under surface of the wing rather wider: whole length 
6*5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3. 

Hab. Northern part of Argentine Republic. 

I suppose this to be the Cnipolegus anthracinus of Heine, as 
subsequently explained by Cabanis ; the bird assigned to it (doubtfully) 
as its female by Heine belonging (probably) to 0. nig&rrimus. 
The female of the present species is just like that of (J. aterrimiis, 
and I consider it somewhat doubtful whether the two forms are 

really distinct. 
a, b. $ 2 ftd. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weiss-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
haupt). 
c. § ad. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weiss* Sclater Coll. 
haupt). 
d,e. d J ad. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weiss-Purchased. 
haupt). 
f. $ ad.sk. Mendoza (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. cJ ad. sk. Mendoza [Burmeister). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Mendoza. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Mendoza. Sclater Coll. 
;, h. J 2 ad. sk. Pampas of Argentine Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ley bold). 
L S ad. sk. Cordova, rep. Arg. (Schulz). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. ? ad. sk.
n. & ad. sk. 
Salta, rep. Arg. 
Argentine Republic. 
H. Durnford [C.]. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 

5. Cnipolegus hudsoni. 
Bill toot, and under surface of left wing of Cnipolegus hudsoni. 
(F-romP.Z.S. 1872, p. 542.) 

4 6 TYEANNIBiE. 

Cnipolegus hudsoni, Sal. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541, pi. xxxL; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl p, 43; White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 (?) ; Scl. et Muds. Arg. 
Om. i. p. 126. 

Uniform dull black: a broad bar across the bases of the inner 
webs of the wing-feathers white ; two outer primaries much pointed 
at their extremities; bill plumbeous, feet black: whole length 
6 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-6. 

Hab. Eio Negro of Patagonia. 
This species is at once distinguishable from the two preceding by 
its smaller size, and the peculiar narrowed outer remiges. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia(Hudson).
c. (S ad. sk. Eio Negro of Patagonia(Hudson). 
Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Eio Negro(Hudson). 
of Patagonia Purchased. 

6. Cnipolegus cyanirostris. 
Suiriri negro pico celeste, Azara, Apunt. iL p. 116 ($). 
Suiriri cabeza y rabadilla de canela, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 109 ($ ). 
Muscicapa cyanirostris, Vieill Nouv. Diet xxi. p. 447; id. JEJnc. Meth. 


p. 823(d). 
Muscicapa ruficapilla, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 459; id. Enc. Mith. 
p.883(S). . 
Muscicapa analis, Licht. in Nordm. Atl. p. 15 ($ ). 
Cnipolegus cyanirostris, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 ; Bp.Consp.i. p. 195; 

Kaup, Journ.f. Orn. 1853, p. 29; Heine, op. cit. 1859, p. 335; Scl 
Cat. A. B. p. 203; Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Bxirm. La-Plata Beise, 

ii. p. 457; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, 
p. 304; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p, 141 (Entrerios); Berl. 
et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 (Eio Grande do Sul); Scl et 
Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 127. 
Sericoptila cyanirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 47. 

Uniform dull black; inner webs of the wing-feathers margined 
with dull white; bill plumbeous, feet dark brown : whole length 
5*7 inches, wing 3, tail 2*6. Female. Dark cinnamomeous brown, 
brighter on the head and rump; wings blackish, wing-coverts and 
secondaries edged with pale rufous; tail blackish brown; outer 
margins of outer rectrices and inner webs of all the rectrices except 
the two middle bright rufous: below pale fulvous, densely striated 
with blackish; bill and feet brown. 

Hcib. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and La Plata. 

At once distinguishable from C. hudsoni by the normal shape of 
the outer primaries, and the smaller size and duller colour of the 
white patch underneath the wing. 

a, b. (S S ad. sk. La Plata. Sclater Coll. 

c. c? ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.l 
d, e. S ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
f 6 ad.; g. tf jr.sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
A, i. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
j. <$ ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll. 
14 . CtflPOLEGft/S. 
7. Cnipolegus unicolor. 
Cnipolegus unicolor, Kaup, J. f. O. 1853, p. 20; Pek. Orn. Bras. 
^ p. 99; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 48; Urine, J. f. 0.1850, p. 387. 
bencophila unicolor, Cab. et Heine, Mas. Hem. ii. p. 40. 

Uniform dull black; under surface of wings slaty black ; bill 
plumbeous, feet black: whole length C inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-8. 
Sab. Upper Amazonia. 

a. <S ad. sk. Pebas, Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Cnipolegus pusillus. 
Cnipolegus unicolor, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577. 
Cnipolegus pusillus, ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. 158. 


Uniform dull black; under surface of wings uniform dark 
schistaceous; three outer primaries acuminated; bill dark plumbeous 
; feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2. 

Sab. Lower Amazons. 
The small size and acuminated primaries at once distinguish this 
species. 

a. c? ad. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
9. Cnipolegus orenocensis. 
Cnipolegus orenocensis, Berl. Ibis, 1884, p. 433, pi. xii. 
Dark slaty, with an olivaceous tinge; head black; wings and 
tail blackish; bill plumbeous, tip black; feet black: whole length 
6-4 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*9. 

Sab. Angostura, Orinoco. 
I have examined the typical specimen of this species in Graf EL 


v. Berlepsch's collection. It is at present unique. 
10. Cnipolegus cabanisi. 
Cnipolegus cabanisi, Schuk, J.f. 0. 1882, p. 462; ScL et Buds. Arg. 
Om.i.p. 128. 
Nearly uniform olivaceous slate-colour: below rather paler; 
wings and tail black: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3', tail 2-7. 
Female brownish olive, below paler; wings blackish, slightly edged 
with, rufous; tail black, with broad rufous margins to the inner 
webs and narrow to the outer webs; bill brown, feet dark brown. 
Sab. Prov. Tucuman, rep. Arg. 


a. $ ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Schuk). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b 2 ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Sehulz). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Argentine Rep. E. "Wilson, Esq.. 
11. Cnipolegus cinereus. 
Cnipolegus cinereus, ScL P.Z. S. 1870, p. 58, et 1870, p. 460; ScL et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 43; Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 197; Sato. Ibis, 
1880, p. 357, pi. x.; ScL et Muds. Arg. Orn. L p. 128. 

TYKAOTID2E. 

Dark cinereous, paler and more olivaceous on the back and 
wings ; edges of wing-coverts and secondaries rather lighter: below 
paler, throat and breast blackish like the head; inner margins of 
wing-feathers whitish; outer primaries acuminated; bill plumbeous, 
feet black: whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2*3. Female, 
Brownish cinereous; cap and rump rufous; wings blackish, tips of 
coverts and edges of outer secondaries whitish; tail blackish, inner 
webs of all the lateral rectrices except the tips rufous: beneath 
whitish, striated with ashy on the throat, breast, and flanks; bill 
brownish, feet black. 
Fab. Northern Provinces of Argentine Eepublic. 
Much smaller than 0. cabanisi, and with the head of the female 

rufous. 
a, b. <$ $ ftd. ske. 
<$ ad. sk.
d. J ad. sk. 
Salta, rep. Arg. 
Tucurnan, rep. Arg. 
Cordova, rep. Arg. (Doering). 
H. Durnford [C.]. 
H. Durnford [0.]. 
Sclater Coll. 

15. LICHENOPS. 
Type. 
Lichenops, Sund. K. Vet.-Ah. Handl. 1835, p. 88.. L. perspicillata. 
Perspicilla, Sto. Class. B. ii. p. 257 (1837) L. perspicillata. 
This monotypic form is closely allied to Cnipolegus, but of rather 

stronger make, and distinguished by the fleshy caruncle round the 
eye. It extends from Bolivia and Southern Brazil southwards to 
Patagonia and Chili. 

1. Lichenops perspicillata. 
Motacilla perspicillata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 969. 
Suiriri chorreado, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 117 ($). 
Muscicapa nigricans, Vieill. Notiv. Diet. xxi. p. 454. 
GEnanthe perspicillata, Vieill. ibid. p. 433. 
Ada perspicillata, cTOrb, Voy., Ois. p. 339. 
Perspicilla leucoptera,' Sto. Nat Zibr., Flycatch. p. 105, pi. 9. 
Lichenops perspicillata et L. erythroptera, Darw. Zool Vou. 'BeaaleJ 


iii. ppf 51,52, pi. 9. ^ J ' 
Lichenops perspicillata, Bp. Consp. p. 194; Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hein. 
ii. p. 47; Scl. Cat, A. B. p. 203; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 99; Burm. 
La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 457; Scl. et Salv. P.Z.S. 1868, p. 141, et 
1879, p. 612; iid. Nomencl. p. 43; Bumf. Ibis, 187(5, p. 159, 
1877, pp. 34, 176, 1878, pp. 60, 394, et 1880, p. 411 (rep. Arg.) ; 
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (rep. Arg.); Barrows, Bull Nutt 
Orn. CI. viii. p. 141 (Entrerios); Scl. et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 129. 

Uniform black; primaries pure white, with black tips and 
bases; fleshy ring round the eye and bill yellow; feet black: 
whole length 5'6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2*4. Female. Above dark 
brown, with light brown edgings to the feathers; remiges chestnut, 
with dark brown tips; wing-coverts dark brown, with fulvous tips : 
beneath fulvous white, breast with dark striations; under wing-
coverts fulvous; bill yellowish; feet black. 

Eab. Southern Bolivia and S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, 
La Plata, Chili, and Patagonia. 

16. MUSCIPIPRA. 
49 

«. <$ ad. at. 
b, c. cS ad. sk. 
d. d ad. sk. 
Maldouado. Uruguay. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
0. Darwin [0.]. 
M. Clausaau [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
«. ? ad. sk. Pelotas, Uio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joi/ner). 
/ . $ ad. sk. Maldouado, Uruguay 
(Darwin), 
Eyton Coll. 
#. $ ad. sk. Maldouado, Uruguay 
(Darwin). 
Capt. Fitzroy [P.], 
A. J ad. sk. Alvear, Uruguay. Alan Peel [0.1 
*. 2 ad. sk. 
,/, k. $ ad. sk. 
/, m. S ad. sk. 
Paraguay. 
Belgrano, rep. Arg. 
Conchitas, rep. Arg. 
(Hudson). 
Sdiater Coll. 
11. Durnford [0.1 
Sclater Coll. 
n, o. S 2 ad. sk. 
p. <$ ad. sk. 
q. <3 ad. sk. 
r. tf ad. sk. 
s. J ad. sk. 
Parana, rep. Arg. 
(Burmeister). 
Punta Lara, rep. Arg. 
Buenos Ayres (White). 
Santiago, Chili (Reed).
Ooquimbo, Chili 
(Markham). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
II. Durnford [0-1 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t, u. tf 2 ad. sk. 
v. ? ad. sk. 
Chili. 
Chili. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
T. Bridges [C.J. 
10, x. J ad. sk. Chili. Gonld Coll. 
y.
z. 
S ad. sk. 
<$ ad. sk. 
Chili. 
S. America. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 
a\ b'. $ $ ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 

16. MUSCIPIPRA. 
Type. 
Muscipipra, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 387 (1831) M. vetula. 
Ictiniscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 (1859) M. vetula. 

A monotypic form, apparently allied to Oopurus and Cybernetics, 
but with a tail more like that of Milvulus. It is restricted to 

S.E. Brazil. 
1. Muscipipra vetula. 
Muscicapa vetula, Licht. Doubl. p. 53; Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 13, 

pi. 18. 
Muscicapa pullata, Bp. Jour. Acad. Philad. iv, p. 383. 
Tyrannus longipes, Sw. Quart. Jour. So. xx. p. 283. 
Milvulus longipennis, Jard. et Selb. 111. Orn. pi. 42; Sw. Class. Birds, 

ii. p. 225. 
Muscipipra longipennis, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 387 ; id. lieu. Zool. 1830, 
p. 43. 
Milvulus vetulus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 192; Burm. Syst. Ueh. ii, p. 4G8. 
Ictiniscus vetulus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 42. 
Muscipipra vetula, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 204; Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 99; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p, 44. 
Dicrurus marginatum Blyth, Ibis, 18C5, p. 46 (cf. Sol P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 339). 
Nearly uniform plumbeous, with very slightly marked blackish 
VOL. xiv. E 


TrKANNTDJE. 

shaft-stripes on the head, back, and breast; wings and tail black ; 

outer web of outer rectrix whitish: below rather paler, and more 

whitish on throat and under wing-coverts : whole length 9 inches, 

wing 4*3; tail, outer rectr. 4*4, middle 3. 

Ilab. South-eastern Brazil. 

a. $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b} c. S 2 ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Joyner'). 

d. (S ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
(Joyner), 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Cull. 
g. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater CoU. 
h. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Olaussen [P.]. 
i. 
Jr. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
j. 
Ad. st. Brazil. M. Olaussen [P.]. 
k. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 
17. COPURUS. 
Type. 
Copurus, Strickl P. Z. S. 1841, p. 28 C. colonus. 

After examining a number of skins I have felt obliged to reduce 
the number of recognizable species of this genus to two, as I find 
intermediate forms between 0. colonus and 0. fusdcapillus, which I 
formerly considered distinguishable. 

QojpurvjS extends from Nicaragua southwards throughout 
Colombia and Amazonia down to Paraguay. The curious elongated 
pair of median rectrices render it easily distinguishable. It is said 
to breed in holes of trees (Nutting, I. i. c). 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. Interscapulium uniform black 1. colonus, p. 50. 
B. Interscapulium variegated with greyish white 2. leuconotus, p. 51. 
1. Copurus colonus. 
Colon, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 114. 
Muscicapa colonus, Vieill Kouv. Diet. xxi. p. 448 j id. Eno. M4th. 


p. 824. 
Platyrhynchus platurus, Vieill. Nouv* Diet, xxvii. p. 17; id. Enc. 
MSth. p. 839. 
Muscipetaleucocilla, ITahn, Ami Vo'g. Lief. 9. pi. 2. 
Platyrhynchus filicauda, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 12, pi. 14. 
Muscipeta monacha, Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 925. 
Copurus filicauda, StricTd. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29; Tsch. Faun, Per. 

Aves,^. 157 j Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 507: Bp. Consp. i. p. 194; 
Sclater, P. Z. S.1854, p. 113. 

Copurus 
colonus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 41 ; 8cL P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 381; id. Cat. A. B. p. 204; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 100; 
Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Hamilton. Ibis, 1871. p. 304; Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 209. 
Copurus funebris, Cab. et Hein. MILS. Hein. ii. p. 41. 
17 . COPTTRtTS. 
Copurus leuconotus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, et 1858. p. 7] (rieo 
Lafr.). 
Oopurus fuscicapillus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1801, p. 381 ; id Cat. A, II. 

p. 204; Scl. et Salo. Nomencl p. 41. 
Above black; head greyish white, varying to dark grey, and 
sometimes almost black; rump white: beneath dull black, under 
surface of wings slaty black; two middle reetrices produced to 
three times the length of the laterals, and denuded at their bases, 
thence provided with equal narrow webs on both sides; bill and feet 
black: whole length 9-5 inches, wing 3*2; tail, middle rcctr. 7, 
lat. 2-4. Female similar, but elongated median reetrices not so long. 


Eab. Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Prov. of Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Rio, Brazil (Youds). 


c. Ad. sk. Rio Janeiro. R. II. Wood [P.]. 
d. J ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvm-Godman Coll 
e. Ad. sk. Eio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
f,g. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godoian Coll. 
Brazil {Joyner). 

h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
k} I. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
m-o. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p, q. Ad. et jr. sk. San Jose*, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r-t. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types 
of C. fiiscicapillus.) 

u. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Ad.; to. Jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
#. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
2. Copurus leuconotus. 
Oopurus leuconotus, Lafr. Mev. Zool. 1842, p. 3-35; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 194 j Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 294,1861, p. 382; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 204; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 44; iid. P. Z. S. 18G4, p. 358 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia), 
et 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia) j Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146 (Veragua); 
id. Una, 1872, p. 318 (Nicaragua), 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana); 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Nutting, P. U. S. N. M. 
1883, p. 402; Berl J.f 0. 1884, p. 297. 
Copurus poecilonotus, Cab-in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 703. 

Above and below black ; head greyish, varying to sooty brown; 
middle of back variegated with greyish white ; rump white ; middle 
reetrices elongated as in preceding species ; bill and feet black : whole 
length 10 inches, wing 3 ; tail, med. rectr. 7*5, lat. 2*4. 

Hab. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Western Ecuador, 

and Cayenne. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua {Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. Ad. et jr. sk.
e. Jr.sk.
/ Ad. sk.
a. <S ad. sk. 
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (ArcS). 
San Jose, CostaRica,(Carmiol). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Santa F$, Veragua (Arc4). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Sclater Coll. 
K 2 

52 TYKAN]STID-3i). 
h,
hj* 
Ad.sk. 
c? ? ad sk. 
Veragua (^mf). 
Lion Hill, Isthm. of Pana 
Sclater Coll. 
ma Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h.
/. Ad.sk. 
3 ad. sk.
(MeLeannari), 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Paraiso Station, Isthin. of P 
Sclater Coll. 
aSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
m. Jad.sk.
nama {Hughes). 
Kemedios, U. S.C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n.
o.
p.
q.
r. 
Jr. sk." 
Jr. sk. 
Jr. sk. 
3 ad. sk. 
A ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
J- Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
H. C. Rothery, Esq. 
[P.]. 

s,t. <$ ad. ; u. Jr. Esrneraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
sk. 

v. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll. 
18. MACHETOKNIS. 
Type. 
Chrysoloplius, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 225 (1837) M. rixo*a. 
Machetornis, G. P. Gray, List of Gen. p. 41 (1841) M. rixosa. 
This is a large strong form, with a long bill and strong tarsi, 

belonging, no doubt, to the Tamiopterince, but simulating the true 
Tyrants in colour and crest. D'Orbigny found it breeding in the 
chambered nests of Anumbms acuticaudatus, which it appropriated, 
and laying pale rose-coloured eggs spotted with reddish. 

1. Hachetornis rixosa. 
Suiriri, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 148. 
Tyranrms rixosus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 85; id. Eric. Mith. 


p. 852. 
Muscicapa joazeiro, Spix, Av. B?'as. ii. p. 17, pi. 23. 
Muscicapa miles, 3lax. Beitr. iii. p. 850. 
Tyrannus ambulans, Sto. Quart. Jozim. 8c. xx. p. 279. 
Ohrysolophus ambulans, &w. Class. Birds, ii. p. 225. 
Pepoaza rixosa, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 350. 
Saurophagus rixosus, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 48. 
Machetornis rixosa, Burm. Byst. Ueb. ii. p. 514; id. La-Plata Peise, 
ii. p. 458 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 193; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 45 ; 
Sd. Cat. A. B. p. 204: Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Taylor, Ibis, 
1864, p. 85 (Venezuela); Scl.etSalv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 142, 168, 
et 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomenel p. 44 ; Hudson, P. Z. S, 
1874, p. 173 (Buenos Avres); Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 159, 
1877, p. 177, et 1880, p. 422 (Buenos Ayres); Salvm, Mis, 1880, 
p. 357 (Salta); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (N.E. Brazil); White, 
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (Arg. Hep.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279 
(Paisandu) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 142 (Entrerios) ; 
Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 129 (Kio Grande do Sul) ; 
Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 131. 
Above brownish olive; wings and tail brown, the latter terminated 
by a yellowish band; middle of cap occupied by a scarlet crest: 
beneath bright yellow, paler on the throat; bill and feet black: 
whole length 7-2 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*5. Female similar, but 
rather duller. Young without the scarlet crest. 

1 9 . MTTSCTSAXICOIA. 
53 

Bab. Pampas of S.E. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, La 
rlata, and \ enezuela. 

Muscisaxicola, d'Orh, et Lafr. Syn. AvA. p. 65 (1837). M. run vertex. 

 Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Oodman Coll. 
n j , £ alna > Brazi l debitor Coll 
e. J ad. sk. Oonclxitas, Buenos Ayres \JIudSalviii-
Godman Coll. 
son). 
f. 6 ad.sk. Paraguay. Sclator Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [0.1 
h. Ad sk.
V*;* A i \sk* 
Bolivia. 
S* America. 
T, Bridges f(J.l. 
Zool. Sue. Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. S. America. E. Wilson, JSsq. [11]. 
19. MTJSCISAXICOLA • 
Type. 

" Ptionura, GoM," G. M. Gray, List of Gen. ed. i. 

p. 24 (1840) 
M. rufivertex. 
The Muscisaxieolce constitute a well-marked group of abnormal 
Tyrannidae, peculiar to the Patagonian llegion and to the higher 
Andes of the more northern parts of South America, and simulating 
the Motacilke of the Old World in their habits and somewhat also 
in their structure. Their tarsi are long and strong, their wings 
long, their beak compressed, and the rictal bristles almost altogether 
obsolete, so that at first sight they would hardly be taken for 
Tyrannidae at all. The plumage in this genus is generally cinereous 
with but slight markings ; the tail-coverts and tail are blackish 
or black in all the known species, with a white outer margin to the 
outer rectrix. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Inner webs of wing-feathers grey, edged 
with whitish. 
a. Bill uniform black. ^ 
a'. Without a nuchal spot. 
a". Lores and superciliaries white• no 
mental spot. 
a'". Forehead brownish cinereous: 
J larger; wing (3 in 1. alhifrons, p. 54. 
\ smaller; wing 5*3 in 2. alpina, p. 54. 

V "« 
Forehead cinereous 3. grisea, p. 55. 

<5,rr 

. Forehead black « 4, nigrifrons, p. 55, 
b". Lores and superciliaries cinereous 5. cmerea, p. 55. 
c". Lores blackish; mental spot brown 0. maeloviam, p. 50. 

b'. With a distinct nuchal spot. 
d". Nuchal spot yellowish 7. jlavinacha, p. 57. 
e". Nuchal spot reddish. ^ 

d'". Body above brownish cinereous: 
J nuchal spot brighter 8. rubricapiUa, p. 57. 
( nuchal spot duller 9. juninensis, p. 58. 

* Species not known to mo are i—Ptyonura capistrata, Burni. La-Plata Reke, 
ii p. 401; Museisaxicola brunnea, Gould, Voy. ; Beagle,' Zool. iii. p. 84; and 
M. striaticeps, d'Ob. et Lafr.; d'Orb. Voy. p. 356, t. xli. fig. 1. 
TYKANNIM. 

e'". Body above clear cinereous; 
nuchal spot bright rufous 10. mifivertex, p. 58. 

b. Bill with a brown spot at the base : 
) larger j wings uniform 11. maadirostris, p. 59. 
) smaller: wings banded with rufous. 12. jduviatilis, p. 59. 
B. Inner webs of wing-feathers rufous 13. rufipennis, p. 60. 
1. Muscisaxicola albifrons. 
"""" Ptyonura albifrons, Tsch. Faun, Per., Aves, p. 167, pi. 12. fig. 2; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 190. 

Muscisaxicola albifrons. 
Ph. et Zawlb. Wieqm. Arch. 1865, i. p. 78; 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z S. 1867, p. 986, et 1868, p. 569 (S. PeruJ ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 209. 
Above brownish cinereous; front white; lores black; wing-
coverts and edges of secondaries light cinereous ; primaries blackish 
towards their tips; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, outer 
margins of outer rectrices white: beneath pale cinereous, almost white 
on belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black: 
whole length 9 inches, wing 6, tail 4. Female similar. 

Hah. Central and Southern Peru. 

The large size renders this fine species easily distinguishable 
from its congeners. 

a. 2 ad. sk. Salinas, S. Peru ( Whitehj). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Ninabanba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. IDiscisaxicola alpina. 
Taenioptera alpina, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 47, t. 21. 
Muscisaxicola albifrons, Scl. P. Z. S.1860, p. 78; id. Ibis, 1866. p. 57; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 205 (err.). 
Muscisaxicola alpina, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92 ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 44 j iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986. 
Above brownish cinereous : front and short superciliaries white ; 
upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, outer margin of outer rectrix 
white: beneath pale cinereous, passing into white on the belly, 
crissum, and under wing-coverts ; bill and feet black: whole length 
7*5 inches, wing 5*3, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hob. Andes of Western Ecuador. 
Yery like M. albifrons, but much smaller. 


a~c. Ad. sk. Andes of Quito (Jameson). Jardine Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

d. <5 ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Guagua Pichincha, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 
(Fraser). 
f. Ad. sk. Chimborazo. 
L. Fraser [C.]. 
g. h, Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u Ad, sk. Ecuador, * Purchased. 
19 . MTJSCISAXICOU. 
3. Muscisaxicola grisea. 
Muscisaxicola grisea, Taos. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 213. 
Above cinereous; lores and short superciliaries whitish; upper 

tail-coverts and tail black; outer margin of outer rectrix white: 

below pale cinereous, passing into white ,on belly, crissum, and 

under wmg-coverts; biU and feet black: whole length 6*8 inches, 

wing 5, tail 3*3. Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Hab. Central Peru. 

A species not very distinct from M. cinerea, but rather larger and 

with the white superciliaries better indicated. 

a,b. J $ ad. sk. Ninabanba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 

4. Muscisaxicola nigrifrons. 
«"""""Muscisaxicola nigrifrons, Phil, et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i. 
p. 101 j Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 44; Scl Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59: 
id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili). 
Ptyonura frontalis, Burm. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 248; id La-Plata Peise, 

ii. p. 462 (?). 
Above cinereous ; lores and superciliaries white ; whole forehead 

black, passing into brownish on the vertex; tail-coverts and tail 

black, outer margin of outer rectrix white : below pale cinereous, 

passing into white on the belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts ; 

bill and feet black: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 5, tail 3-1. 

Female similar. 

Hob. Chili. 

At once recognizable by the black forehead, which becomes rather 

brownish as it contracts and passes over the vertex. 

a}b. <5 $ ad. sk. Oordill. de Santiago, Chili {Land- Sclater Coll. 
beck). 


c. $ jr. ; d. Ad. Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
e,f. <$ 2ad.sk. Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
5. Muscisaxicola cinerea. 
Muscisaxicola cinerea, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i. p. 80; 
"" Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 44 ; Scl lbi% 1866, pp. 57, 59 ; id. P. Z. S. 
1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru); 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 212. 
Muscisaxicola albimentum, Lafr. Pev. Zool 1855, p. 61 (?). 

Above cinereous ; superciliaries whitish, but very faintly marked; 

tail-coverts and tail black, the outer margin of the outer rectrix 

white: below pale cinereous, becoming white on the belly, crissum, 

and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black: whole length 6*4 

inches, wing 3*9, tail 2*4. Female similar, but not quite so bright. 

Hab. Chili and Peru. 

56 TYBANSTIDJE. 
a. $ ad. sk.
b. S ad. sk 
Cordill. of Santiago, Chili(Zandbeck). 
Cordill. of Santiago, Chili(Zandbeck). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godrran Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Valdivia, Chili (Zandbeck). Sclater Coll. 
d. e. $ <$ jr. sk.
/ . Ad. sk. 
Chili (Zeybold). 
Chili. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

6. Muscisaxicola macloviana. 
Sylvia macloviana, Gam. Voy. Cog., Zool. i. p. 540 (1826). 

Muscisaxicola macloviana, Gray, in Zool. Voy. iBeagle,1 iii. p. 83; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 95, et I860, p. 385 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 205 
id. Ibis, 1866, pp. oS, 59; Scl. et Salv. Rommel, p. 44 ; Abbott, Ibis 
1861, p. 154 (Falkland Is.) ; Scl. et Buds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 133. 

Ptyonura macloviana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 197. 
Muscisaxicola mentalis, d'Orb. et Zafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 66; cPOrb. 
Voy., Ois. p. 355, pi. 41. fig. 1 ; Gray, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle J iii. 

p. 83; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 205; id. Ibis, 18C6, pp. 58, 59; id. 
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 99 (Lima), 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili), et 1872, 
pp. 541, 549 (Patagonia); Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 112 (Chili) ; 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. T82, 986, 1868, p. 569 (Peru), et 
1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Ibis, 1868, pp. 185, 187 (Str. of 
Magellan); iid. Komencl. p. 44; Sliarpe, P. Z. S. 3881, p. 8 
(Ooquimbo); Phil, et Zatidb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, p. 85 (Chili) ; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. p. 219. 
Ochthoeca chilensis, Marti. Naum. 1853, p. 212. 
Ptyonura mentalis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, 

p. 167. 
Above cinereous, lores blackish, cap brown ; tail-eoverts and 
tail black, outer margins of outer tail-feather white: below pale 
cinerous, passing into wrhite on lower belly, crissum, and tinder 
wing-coverts ; chin-spot brown ; bill aDd feet black: whole length 
6-1 inches, wing 4*1, tail 2-6. Female similar, but chin-spot not so 
well marked. 

Bab. Pern, Bolivia, Chili, Patagonia, and Palkland Islands. 

After comparing a number of specimens, I do not see that the 
bird from the Palkland Islands can be fairly separated. I have 
therefore united the continental M. mentalis to it. 

a. $ ad. sk. May, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll 
h. S ad. sk. Islay, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Purchased. 
c, d. 2 ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Philippi and Zandbeck). 

e. £ jr. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
(Philippi and Zan dbeck). [P.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili Sclater Coll. 

(Zandbeck). 

g. $ ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili. Dr. Coppinger [0.1. 
h. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Chili. ZooL Soc. Coll. 
/. S ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. c?ad.sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. St. Martin's Cove, Patagonia. Lt. Smith [C.]. 
19 . MTTSCISAXICOLA. 57 
m,n. c? ad. sk.
o, p. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk. 
Hermit I., Patagonia. 
Falkland Is. {Leconte). 
Falkland Is. (Abbott). 
The Admiralty [P.], 
{Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
r. Ad. sk. Falkland la. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s-u. (S ad.sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w. Ad. sk. 
E. Falkland Island. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
The Admiralty [ P.], 
J. Gould, Eaq. 
Jardine Coll. 
x.
y. 
Ad. st. 
Ad. st. 
Coquimbo. 
Falkland Islands. 
C. Darwin [P.]. 
J. Macgillivray fC.J. 

7. Muscisaxicola flavinucha. 
Muscisaxicola flavinuclia, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 59; Scl Cat. A. 
B. p. 205 ; id. Ibis, I860, pp. 58, 59; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 320, 
338 (Chili) ; Scl. et Salv. NomencL p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 211. 
Muscisaxicola flavivertix, Phil, et Lmidb. Wietjm. Arch. 1805, i. 
p. 98; Scl. Ibis, I860, p. 58 ,* id. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 320. 
Above cinereous; front, lores, and superciliaries whitish; large 
nuchal spot pale yellowish fulvous; upper tail-coverts and tail 
black; outer margin of outer rectrix white: below pale cinereous, 
passing into white on lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts; 
bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 5*7, tail 3*4. Female 
similar, but rather smaller. 

Hab. Chili and Peru. 
The pale yellowish fulvous nape-spot at once distinguishes this 
species when adult. In young birds it is hardly apparent. 

<r, b. S ? ad.; Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll. 

d. $ 
ad.; e. $ Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. bold), 
f a Ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Ley- P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
J'J bold). [P.]. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased 
/. £ ad. sk. Junin, Peru (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 
k Ad sk. Junin, Peru (Jelski). Salvm-Godtnan Coll. 

8. Muscisaxicola nibricapilla. 
Muscisaxicola nibricapilla, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i. 
p. 90 ; Scl. Ibis, 1806, pp. 58, 59; id. P. Z. S. *18«7, pp. 326, 338, 
(Chili) ; Scl. et Salv. P. /. S. 1807,p. 98(5, pi. xlvi., 1K>8, p. 50*), et 
1876, p. 16 (Peru); Ud. NomencL p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 533 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 215. 
Above brownish cinereous; lores and slight superciliaries whitish; 
nape-patch reddish ; upper tail-coverts aud tail black; outer margin 
of outer rectrix white : below pale cinereous white, clearer on lower 
belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts: whole length 0*8 inches, 
wing 4*6, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hab. Chili and Peru. 

58 TYRANNID-aE. 
a. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago, Chili Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk.
d. $ ad-sk.
e. Ad. sk.
{Landbech). 
Cordillera of Santiago, Chili(Landbech). 
Chilian Andes (Leybolcl). 
Pampas of Argentine Kep. (LeyP. 
L.^ Sclater, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. st.
bold), 
Chili. Purchased. 

9. Muscisaxicola juninensis. 
Muscisaxicola juninensis, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 214. 
Muscisaxicola albilora, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 60 (?). 
Muscisaxicola rubricapilla, Set. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, pi. xlvi. 


Nearly similar to M. rubricapilla, but perhaps distinct; body 
above much clearer grey, more as in M. rufivertecc; nuchal spot 
not so well defined and extending over the head nearly to the front: 
whole length 6-3 inches, wing 4-8, tail 3*1. 

Hab. Central Peru. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Junin, Central Peru (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Salinas, S.W. Peru (Wliitely). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Salinas, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10. Muscisaxicola rufivertex. 
Muscisaxicola 
run*vertex, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Ac. i. p. 66; aVOrb. 
Voy., Ois. p. 354, pi. 40. f. 2 ; Phil, et Landb. Wieqm. Arch. I860, 

i. p. 95; Bridges. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 94 (Chili); Fraser, P. Z. S. 
1843, p. 112 (Chili); Scl. Cat. A. P. p. 205 ; id. Ibis, 1866, 
pp. 58, 59; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili); Scl. et Salv. 
Mmencl. p. 44 ,* iid. P. Z. S. 1869; p. 154 (Peru), et 1879, p. 612 
(Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 216; Scl. et JSnds. Arg. Orn. i. 134. 
Ptyonura rufivertex, Pp. Consp. i. p. 196; Tsch. Faim. Per., Aves, 
p. 168; Burm. La-Plata Peise, ii. p. 461. 
Above clear cinereous; lores and short superciliaries whitish ; 
well-defined nape-patch bright rufous; wings brownish; tipper 
tail-coverts and tail black, outer margin of outer rectrix white : 
below clear cinereous white, brighter on lower helly, crissiim, and 
under wing-coverts ; bill and feet black: whole length 6-5 inches, 
wing 4, tail 2-8. Female similar. 

Hab. Peru, Bolivia, Chili, and vie. of Mendoza, rep. Arg. 

The clear cinereous back and well-defined nape-spot at once 
render this species recognizable. 

a. Ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbech). Sclater Coll. 
b. § ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbech). P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
[P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). 
Sclater Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili. Dr. Coppinger [C.]. 
19 . MUSTCTSAXICOLA. 59 
ej /• d aci. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g* Ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybold).' Salvin-Godman Coll. 


h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
«. Ad. sk; /. Tinta;S.Peru(TF7w^y). Sclater Coll. 
? ad. sk'. 

k. $ ad.sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C.]. 
I Ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. Muscisaxicola maculirostris. 
Muscisaxicola maculirostris, dOrb. et Lap. Syn. Av. i. p. G<5; d'Orb. 
Voy., Ois. p. 356, pi. xli. f. 2 ; Sclater, Cat. A. B. p. 205 ; id. Ibis, 
1806, pp 57, 59; id. P. Z. S. I860, p. 92 (Ecuador), 1807, pp. 32(3, 
338 (Chili) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 568, 569, 1869, p. 154 
(Peru), et 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 44: Tacz. 

P. Z. S.1874, p. 534 (C. Peru); id. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 219;' Durn-
ford, Ibis, 1878, p. 395 (C. Patagonia); Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador) ; Phil et Landb. JViegm. Arch. 1865, 
pt. i. p. 82 (Chili) ; Scl. et Buds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 134. 

Ptyonura muculirostris, Pp. Consp. i. p. 196: Burm. La-Plata Reise. 

ii. p. 462. 
Above greyish brown, lores and slight superciliarics whitish.; 
tail-coverts and tail black, the outer web of the outer rectrix 
white: below pale greyish, white, whiter on the belly and crissum ; 
bill black, with the base of the lower mandible yellowish; feet black . 
whole length 5'5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2'4. Female similar. 


Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Bolivia, Peru, and Western Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Phil, et Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Landb.). 
b. $ ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago (Landleek). Sclater Coll. 
d. tf jr. sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbeqk). Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
h, i. $ ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, k. <$ J ad. Rio Negro of Patagonia. H. Durnford [0.]. 
sk. 

I. A d. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Tinta, S.W. Peru. H. Whitely [C.l. 
n. S ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru. H. Whitely |C.]. 
o. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Calacali, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
r. <$ ad. sk. Calacali, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.]. 
s. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
12. Muscisaxicola fluviatilis. 
Muscisaxicola fluviatilis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Lower 
Ucayali), 1869, p. 598,1873, p. 277, et 1876, p. 16 (Peru); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru), et 1882, 

p. 18 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 220. 
TYRANNIDiE. 

Above pale mouse-brown; wings blackish, with the tips of the 
coverts rufous, forming two slight cross-bands ; upper tail-coverts 
and tail black, outer web of the outer reetrix white : beneath pale 
fulvous white, passing into clear white on the belly and crissum ; 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of the primaries pale fulvous ; 
bill shorter and broader than in the last species, black, reddish at 
the base ; feet black : whole length 5*3 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Peru. 

The slightly banded wings and shorter bill distinguish this species 
from M. maculii'ostris. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
c. J ad. sk. Nauta, Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
g. $ ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru ( WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. tf ad. &k. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 

13. Muscisaxicola rufipennis. 
Muscisaxicola rnfipennis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 134, 583 (C. Peru), 
1879, p. 233 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 221; Scl. et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678. 
Above dark cinereous; wings and tail blackish, whole of the 
inner webs of remiges and lateral rectrices except the tips bright 
rufous, almost chestnut: beneath paler, middle of belly and crissum 
white; nnder-wing-coverts fulvous; bill and feet black: whole 
length 8 inches, wing 5*1, tail 3-6. Female similar. 
Hab. Peru. 

The chestnut colour on the wings renders this fine large species 
at once distinguishable. 

a. $ ad. sk. Cachupata, S. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
20. CEHTRITES. 
Type. 
Lessonia, Sw. Fauna B.-A., Aves, p. 490 (1831) C. mger. 
Centrophanes, Cab. in Tach. F. P., Aves, p. 167 (1845) C. niger. 
Centrites, Cab. Wieym. Arch. xiii. i. p. 256 (1847) ... . C. niger. 
Auchmalea, Peichenb. Av. S. N. t. lix. (1850) C. niger. 
The curious type, which seems to be an exaggerated form of 

Muscisaxicola, is also restricted to Patagonia and the Andes. It is 
remarkable for the shortened tail and elongated hind claw, which 
caused the older authors to refer it to Anthus, and it is said by 
d'Orbigny and other authorities to be Lark-like in its habits. It 
nests on the ground near the borders of streams. 

20 . CENTRITES. 
Key to the Species. 

A. Inner webs of wing-feathers black 1. niger, p. 61. 
15. inner webs of wing-feathers cinereous 2. areas, p. 62. 
Structure of Centrites niger, $. 

1. Centrites niger. 
Alouette noire de la Encenada, Daub. PL Enl. 738. fig. 2. 
Alauda nigra, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 46. 
Alauda rufa, Gm. S. N. i. p. 792. 
Alauda fulva, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 492 ; Vieill. Enc. Mtth, p. 309. 
An thus fulvus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 502, et Enc. Meth. p. 328; 


Lafr. et JFOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 26 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 223. 
Sylvia dorsalis, King, Zool. Journ. iii. p. 428. 
Anthus erythronotus, Merr. in Ersch u. Grub. Enc. iv. p. 289. 
Anthus variegatus, Eyd. et Gerv. Voy. Favor., Ois. p. 38, pi. 15. 
Lessonia erythronota, Sio. Class. Birds, ii. p. 248. 
Lessonia nigra, Hartl. Ind. Azar. p. 10. 
Muscisaxicola nigra, Gould, in Zool. Voy.i Beagle] iii. p. 84; Eraser, 

P. Z. S.1843, p. 112 (Chili). 
Centrophanes rums, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 167. 
Muscisaxicola fulva, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 37. 
Centrites rufus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 256; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 196. 
Centrites niger. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48; Scl. Cat. A. B. 
p. 206; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 326 (Chili) ; Burm. La-Plata Reise, 
ii. p. 458; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; iid. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 142 
(Buenos Ayres), 1878, p. 432 (Sandv Point); iid. Ibis, 1868, 
pp. 185, 187 (Str. of Magellan) ; iid. Zool. Chall. Evp. viii. p. 101; 
Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 87, 333, et 1871, p. 259 (Buenos Ayres); 
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 177 (Buenos Avres), et 1878, p. 395 
(0. Patagonia) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8 (Magellan Straits); 
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (Arg. Rep.); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 423 (Coquimbo) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 142 
(Entrerios) ; Scl. et JIuds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 134. 
Above and beneath deep black ; whole of back, except the rump, 

TYIUNNTD2E. 

and scapularies, chestnut; bill and feet black; under wing-coverts 

and wings beneath black: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 1-9. 

Female. Above brown, back fulvous red; tail black ; beneath ashy 

brown. 

Hal. Patagonia, Chili, and Argentine Eepublic. 

a. $ ad.; Conchitas, rep. Arg. (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
b. S jr. sk. 
c. (S ad.sk. Cosquin, Cordoba, rep. A.xg.( White). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Parana, rep. Arg. (Burmekter), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. (S ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. S ad. sk. Chili. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Chili (Heed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. (S 2 ad. sk. ChiH. Purchased. 
k, $ ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll. 
/, m. $ ad.; Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C], 
n. J ad. sk. 
o. J ad. sk. Tierra del Fuego. Capt. Burnett and 
Lt. Fitzroy [C.l 
p. $ ad. sk. Cape Gregory, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [O.J. 
q, r. £ 
ad.; Sandy Point, Str. of Magellan. ' Challenger' Exp. 
s, t 2 ad. sk. 


u. 
$ ad. sk. S. America. Capt. Burnett and 
Lt. Fitzroy [C.]. 
2. Centrites oreas. 
Centrites niger, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 987, et 1868, p. 569 
(Peru). 

Centrites 
oreas, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 151,154 (Peru), et 
1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Ex. Orn. p. 191, pi. xcvi.; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru); id. Orn. 
PSr. ii. p. 222. 

Like 0. niger, but with the inner webs of the primaries pale 

cinereous in the male, and tinged with cinnamomeous in the female; 

the back of a duller chestnut. 

Hah. Andes of Peru and Bolivia. 

a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Types 

of the species.) 
c, d. 2 ad. sk. Tinta, Peru. H. "Whitely [C.l 

e. 2 ad. sk. Tinta, Peru. H. Whitely [C.J. 
/ . 2 ad. sk. Tinta, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. S ad. sk. Salinas, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
21 . MTJSCIGRALLA. 
. MUSCiaRALLA.

21
2121. JHUSUllrJiAliliA. Typ e 
Muscigralla, ctOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 61 (1837).. M. brevicauda 
Ochthites, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 277 ... . M. brevicauda 

Structure of Muscigralla brevicmcda. 

This is perhaps a still more singular type than Centrites, from 
which it is at once distinguished by its long legs and very short 
tail; it is an exaggerated form of Muscisaxicola in another direction. 
It is restricted to Chili, Bolivia, Peru, and Western Ecuador. 

1. Muscigralla brevicauda. 
Muscigralla brevicauda, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 61; aVOrb. 
Voy., Ois. p. 354, pi. 39. % 1; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 281 (Ecuador), 
1867, p. 326 (Chili) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 206; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534, et 1877, p. 325 (Peru); 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 223. 

Ochthites brevicauda, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1884, pt. i. p. 277. 

Above cinereous; vertical crest yellow ; wings brown, wing-
coverts and outer secondaries edged with whitish ; upper tail-
coverts chestnut; tail black: beneath whitish, sides of breast and 
flanks cinereous; bill black ; feet brown: whole length 4*2 inches, 
wing 2*5, tail 1*4, tarsus 1. Female similar. 

Hub. Chili, Bolivia, Western Peru, and Western Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. West Peru (Jekki). Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Puna I., Guyaquil (Villagomez) 
G. Barclay [P.].
d. Ad. sk. Puna I., Guyaquil. 
e. $ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador {Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
Jardine Coll.

/ . Ad. sk. Guyaquil (Jameson). 

Sir D. Cooper [P.].

g. Ad. sk. S. America. 
I;I 
TYRANNISE. 

Subfamily II. PLATYRHYNCHIN/E. 

The Pfatj/rhynchince are a forest-haunting group of the Tyrannidae, 
distinguished 'generally by their broadened bill and thin tarsi, 
modified to suit their arboreal habits. But in the aberrant members 
of the subfamily these characters become much weakened, until they 
pass generally into those of the Elainehuv. The species are almost 
without exception of small size and dull olive and grey colours. 

The Platyrhynehinas extend over the whole Neotropical Eegion 
from Southern Mexico to Patagonia. 

Index to the Genera. 

22. PLATYRHYNCHUS, p. 64. 32. HEMITRICCUS, p. 91. 
28. TODIROSTRUM, p. 69. 33. PHYLLOSCARTES, p. 92. 
24. ONCOSTOMA, p. 76. 34. HAPALOCERCUS, p. 93. 
25. EUSCARTHMUS, p. 78. 35. HABRURA, p. 96. 
26. CERATOTRICCUS, p. 85. 36. CULICIVORA, p. 97. 
27. PSEUDOTRICCUS, p. 85. 37. POGONOTRICCUS, p. 97. 
28. CiENOTRICCUS, p. 86. 38. LEPTOTRICCUS, p. 99. 
29. LOPHOTRICCUS, p. 86. 39. STIGMATURA, p. 100. 
30. ORCHILITS, p. 88. 40. SERPOPHAGA, p. 101. 
31. COLOPTERTJS, p. 90. 41. AN^RETES, p. 106. 
22. PLATYRHYNCHUS. 
Type. 
Platyrhynchus, Desm. Tang, sub tab. 72 (1805) P. rostratus. 

Bill of Platyrhynchus rostratus. 

This is a well-marked genus, distinguished at once by its broad 
flattened bill. The nine known species range from Southern Mexico 
to the Argentine llepublic. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Coronal spot white. 
a. 
Throat white. 
I Larger : crown olive 1. rostratus, p. 65. 
J Smaller: crown blackish 2. senex, p. 65. 
b. Throat yellow 'd.Jiamgularis, p. 65. 
B. Coronal spot red or yellow. 
a. Head olive or blackish, without a black 
.superciliary stripe. 
a'. Coronal spot red 4. saturatus, p. 66. 
b\ Coronal spot yellow. 

a*. 
Throat clear white : 
\ paler above 5. ca?wrominus, p. QQ. 
| darker above 6. albigularis, p. 67. 

22 . PrATYRHYNCHtTS.
&a. Throat fulvous white; paler above.. 7. mt/staceus, p. (57. 
&. Head chestnut, with a black superciliary 
stripe. 
| Larger: under surface olivaceous 8. coronatus, n. 68. 
} Smaller: under surface yellowish t). superciliaris, p. 68. 

1. Platyrhynchus rostratus. 
Todus platyrhynchus, £m. 8. N". i. p. 446; Besm. Tang. pi. 72. 
Todus rostratus, £«£/*. Iwd. Orw. i, p. 268. 
Platyrhynchus fuscus, Vieill Gal. Ois. i. p. 201, pi. 126. 
Platyrhynchus leucoryphus, Max. Beitr. lii. p. 974. 
Platyrhynchus rostratus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 183; Burm. Si/st Ut'h. iii. 


p. 500; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 206; Pelz, Orn. Bras. p. 100; Sd. et 
8alv. Nommcl. p. 44. 
Above olive; elongated coronal patch white; rim round the eye 
whitish.; wings blackish, broadly margined with rufous ; tail brown: 
beneath fulvous, throat clearer, almost white ; breast darker; inner 
edgings of wing-feathers pale rufous ; upper mandible blackish, 
lower white; feet pale yellowish : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-8, 
tail 1-7. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

The large size at once distinguishes this species. 

a. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
S. Brazil. 
S. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Jardine Coll. 

2. Platyrhynchus senex. 
Platyrhynchus senex, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156 (E. Ecuador); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18; *& Orn. PSr. ii. p. 224 (N.E. Peru). 

Above yellowish olive ; head blackish, with a roundish half-concealed 
white coronal patch ; lores whitish; wings and tail blackish, 
edged with olive: beneath deep fulvous, throat white; upper mandible 
blackish, lower white ; feet pale yellowish: whole length 4 inches, 
wing 2*6, tail 1*3. 

Hob. Eastern Ecuador. 
A very distinct species, recognizable by its blackish cap and deep 
fulvous abdomen. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. J. Gould, Esq. 
3. Platyrhynchus flavigularis. (Plate VIII.fig. 1.) 
Platyrhynchus flavigularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 382; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 44. 

Above olive, head more fulvous, with a roundish white coronal 
VOL. xiv. F 

TYltANNID.fl. 

cm 

patch; wings and tail blackish, margined with olive: beneath yellow, 
sides passing into olive : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1 *2. 

IIah. Colombia. 
The yellow throat and middle of the under surface at once distinguish 
this species. 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
(Type of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

4. Platyrhynchus saturatns. 
Platyrliynchus saturatus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 78; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 292. 

Above olive-brown, darker on the head; elongated coronal patch 
red ; wings and tail blackish, edged with rufous : beneath pale yellowish, 
throat white, slight breast-band and flanks olive ; bill 
blackish, feet whitish: whole length 3-6 inches, wing 2*4, "tail 1-2. 
Female similar, but coronal patch not so well-marked. 

Hab. British Guiana. 
The red coronal patch and dark colour above at once distinguish 


this species. 
a. <J ad. sk. Merume* Mts., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. $ $ ad. sk.
( Whitely). 
Camacusa, British Guiana 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtehj). 
d. d ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(WMtehj). 

5. Platyrhynclms cancrominus. 
Platyrliynchus cancroma, Sclater; P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295; id. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 445. 
Platyrliynchus 
cancrominus, Sclat. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 299; 
iid. Ibis, 1860, p. 399 j iid. Nomencl. p. 45; Salv. Ibis, 1869, pp. 814J 
318 j Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 306 (Costa Rica). 

Similar to P. mijstaceus, and almost as pale above, but with a 
distinct white throat as in P. alboyularis. 
Hab. Guatemala. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
b. 2 
&d» sk. El Paraiso, Guatemala (Salv. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et Godm.). 
c. J ad. sk. Choctum, vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Teleman, Vera Paz (Salv. et Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Godm.). 
g, h. $ ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 

22. PHTYRIITXCHTJS. 
07 
6. Platyrltynclnis albogularis. (Plate Till. fig. 2.) 
Platyrkynekiis 
alboguhris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 03, 92, 295 
(Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 207; ScL et Sah. P. Z. S. 18G9, 


p. 252 (Venezuela); **7 "*" ' " ~ T * "" ~~"~ 
(Costa 
Boiwart t ^ _ __ „._ ^ *.„.,„. 

p. 233 (X. Peru); «f. VW P^i'i. p. 225; ^VrTeiTacz, ~R*Z.'&1 
lfc38, p. 553, et 1885, pp. 08, 88 (Ecuador). 
Nearly similar to P. mystaceus, but with the throat pure white, 
and much darker olive above. 
Hah. Western Ecuador, Venezuela, Yeragua, and Gosta Rica. 


«. d ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
_ (Type of the species.) 


o. 2 ad. sk. Xanegal, Ecuador (Eraser). Sclater Coll. 
<*. d ad. >k. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<L 2 ad.sk. SanEsteban,Venezuela (Goering). Silvin-Godman Coll. 
e. *$ ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
/>//• dad. ; Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 2 ad. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
,/. d ad. sk. Veragua. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
k. 2 ad. sk. Volean de Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
A m 2 aci* sfc

- 
c. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
n. 2 ad. sk. Xaranjo, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. 2 ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. Platyrkynciras mystaceus. 
Bigotillo, Azara7 Apunt. ii. p. 93. 

Platvrhynchus mvsfcaceus, VieilL Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 14; id. JEnc. 
Meth. p. 844; ScL Cat A. B. p. 207; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 100; 
ScL et Salv. WomencL p. 44; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Rr. Guiana) ; 
Berlepsch, J.f.O. 1873, p. 258 (S. Catharina); id. Zeitschr. ges. 
Orn. 1885, p. 129 (Rio Grande do Sul); White, P. Z. S.1882, p. 005 
(Misiones, rep. Arg.); ScL et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 136. 

Todus cancroma, Licht. DmM. p. 51. 

Platvrhynchus cancroma, Temm. PL Col. pi. 12. fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i. 
p."l83 ; &u>. Zool. III. pi. 115; id. Flycatch. p. 158, pi. 17; Burm. 
Syst. XJeb. ii. p. 500; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 49. 

Above olive, darker on the bead; coronal patch bright yellow; 
lores, eye-region, and ear coverts pale yellowish; mystacal stripe 
blackish; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-brown : beneath 
clear fulvous, much whiter on the throat; upper mandible blackish, 
lower whitish ; feet pale yellowish : whole length 3-3 inches, wing 
2-1, tail 1*1. Female similar, but no coronal patch. 

Hah. Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, and north of La Plata. 

a, b. S ad.; Tobago (Kirk). Jardine Coll. 
c, d. 2 a^. sk. 

e. 
<$ ad.; Roraima,Brit.Guiana(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll 
/,#. ? ad. sk. ^^ 
6$ 
TYRANN1D2E. 

h. Ad. sk. Alt. Twek-quay, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). 
*'. d ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, k. £ ad.; Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

I. $ ad. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk. BaMa. 
Gould CoU. 
Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n. $ ad. sk, Pelotas, Bio 
(Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Gould CoU. 

°>P-<$ S ad. sk. 
2V **• d ? ad. sk. 


Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

s. ($ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
t. (faded) sk. S. America. 
C. Darwin. Esq. 
8. Platyrhynclras coronatus. 
Platrrhynchus coronatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71; id. Cat A. B. 
p.'207, pi. xvii. ,* Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45. 
Above olive; sides of head yellowish, bordered above by a black 
superciliary line, and with a blackish patch beneath the eye ; crown 
chestnut, with a median patch bright yellow: beneath yellowish olive; 
rather brighter on the throat and middle of the belly; upper mandible 
blackish, lower yellowish : feet pale hazel: whole length 3*5 
inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*1. Female similar, but whole crown dark 
chestnut. 
Hal. Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b-d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Purchased. 
9. Platyrhyiiclras superciliaris. 
Platvrhynchus 
superciliaris, Later. Ibis, 1863, p. 184 (Panama) ; 
Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146, et 1870, p. 196 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 
1885, p. 292 (Brit. Guiana) • Set et Salv. Nomencl p. 45 j Frantz. 

J.f. 0. 1869, p. 307 (Costa Bica). 
Platyrliynchus cancroma, Lawr. Ann. L. N. T. vii. p. 330. 
Above olive: sides of head yellow, bordered above by a black 
supercilary line, and with a black patch beneath the eye; crown 
chestnut, with a golden median patch: beneath yellowish, slight 
breast-band and sides olivaceous; upper mandible blackish, lower 
whitish; feet pale hazel: whole length 3 inches, wing 2% tail 0*9. 
Female similar, but no yellow coronal patch. 

Hal. Veragua and Guiana. 
a-c. Ad. sk. Santa F6, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 

f. Ad. sk. Santa F6, Veragua (ArcS). 0. Saivin, Esq. fP."|. 
'ff. $ ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. £ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i, j. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
k, I. 
£ ad. sk. Albina r., Surinam (C. Bart-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lett). 

m. d ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
23 . 
TODIROSTKUM. CO 
23. TODIEOSTRUM. 
Todirostrum, Less. Trait. cffOm. p. 384 (1831) T. cmeroum. 
Triecus, Cab. in Tsck F. P., Aves, p. 104 (184/5) T, cinereum. 
Poecilotnccus, Berlepsch, Joum.f, 0. 1884, p. 208 T. lenai. 

The long spatulate bill, somewhat resembling that of the genus 
Todus, has been the occasion of the generic name of this group, 
which contains about 16 species of diminutive size, but in many 
cases of very ornamental colouring. They are spread over the 
Neotropical Region from South Mexico to the southern limits of 
Brazil and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Crown black or slaty. 
a. Abdomen yellow. 
a'. Throat not spotted, yellow. 
a". Front black. 
a'". Superciliaries black: 
\ chin yellow 1. cinereum, p. GO. 
(chin white 2. sclateri, p. 71. 

b"\ Superciliaries yellow 3. chrysocrotaphum, p. 71. 
b". Front black 4. poliocephalimi, p. 71. 
b\ Throat not spotted, white. 

c". Back olive: 
\ bend of wing black 5. nigricejis, p. 72. 
j bend of wing chestnut 6. calopterum, p. 72. 

d". Back black 7. pulchettum, p. 72. 
c'. Throat spotted, yellow 8. guttatum, p. 73. 
d'. Throat spotted, white: 

i crown black 9. mactdatum, p. 73. 
( crown grey 10. signatum, p. 74. 

b. Abdomen white: 
j crown slaty 11. schistaceiceps, p. 74. 
| crown black 12. picatmn, p. 74. 
B. Crown reel. 
c. Middle of abdomen white 13. capitate, p. 75. 
d. Middle of abdomen yellow. 
e\ 
Crown red, surrounded by a black 
line 14. ruficeps, p. 75. 


f. 
Whole head above red: 
\ head darker red 15. rujigene, p. 70). 
( head lighter red 10. fensi, p. 76. 
1. Todirostrum cmereum. 
Todus cinereus, Linn. 8. iV. i. p. 178; Desm. Tang. pi. 68. 
Muscicapa meloxantha, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, pi. 97. 
Todus melanocephalus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 8, pi. 9. fig. 2 j Mar. 


Beitr. iii. p. 962 ; 8w. Flycatch., p. 175, pi. 18. 

Todirostrum 
cinereum, Less. Tr. tfOrn. i. p. 384; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 
1846, p. 360; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 67,148,1856, p. 141,1857, 
pp. 83,203,1858, p. 458, et 1860, p. 283 j id. Ibis, 1859, p. 444 j id, 
Cat A. B. p. 207 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 160 ; 8d. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 124 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama), 1868, 
TTRA.NNIDJ&*

70 

p. 168 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras), 1876, p. 10 (S. Peru) 
p. 332 (Colombia); 
, ^ 
p. 325 (W. Peru), 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 18 j ttf. On*. 
Per. ii. p. 225; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (Pernambuco) ,* Sah. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147, 1870, p. 19(3 (Veragua), 1883, p. 423 
(Panama); id. Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Br. Giiian.) j Berlepsch, J.f. 0. 
1884, p. 298 (Bucaramanga); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89 
(Ecuador). 
Triecus cinereus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 702; Tsch. Faun. 

Per., Aves, p. 1C4,-Cab. et BLein. Mus. Hein. ii. 50. 
Triecus melanocephalus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 495. 
Todirostrum cinereum et T. melanocephalurn, Bp. Consp. i. p. 182. 
Todiiostrum plunibeum, Bator. Ann. B. N. T. ix. p. 273 (ex spir. 

vini). 

Above cinereous, crown black; wings black, coverts and external 
secondaries edged with white, primaries narrowly edged with 
yellowish ; tail black, broadly tipped with white : beneath yellow ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 3*7 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1-4. 
Female similar. 

Bab. South Mexico, Guatemala, and throughout Central and 
Eastern South America to South-east Brazil. Replaced in Western 
Ecuador and Peru by T. sclateri. 

a. $ ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Guatemala (Salv. § Godm.). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Ooban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
cl. (S ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Belize (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. Ad. et jr. sk. Honduras. 0. Dyson [C.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
Ad. sk. Bebedero, ISicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
h. § ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. $ ad.sk. Mina de Ckoreba, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce), 
m. cf ad. sk. Santa Ee, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. <$ 2 a(h sk. Panama (McBeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk, Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Panama (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. 
Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hughes), 
s. Ad. sk. Santa Marta. 
Sclater Coll. 
t. S ad, sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
, u. $ ad. sk. Medellin, Antioqua. T. K Salmon [C.]. 
v. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ID. x. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
y, %. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. (Minlos). Sclater Coll. 
a', V. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c'. S ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Goering).
d'. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater ColL 


23. TODIROSTRUM. 
71 
e',/. Ad.sk. Ikrtica Grove, Brit, Guiana HalvingJodnitm Coll. 

(WhiUty), 
<j\ h\ 3 ad. sk. Roraima, JMt. Guiana Salvin-Godman (loll. 
.; 7 {Whitely). 
i',/. Ad. sk. Pernambu'oo, Brazil (i<W^,v)« Salvin-Godman (Joll. 
to, I. Ad sk. Baka, Brazil (Wuehcrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. Ad.sk. Bi-azil. 
Sclater Coil 
n. A.d. sk. Bolivia. X. Bidden [U.l 
^' ^ ; S. America. Gould Coll 
;;.Ad.st. Brazil Gould Coll. 
2. Todirostrum sclater! 
Triccus sclateri, Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 51. 
Todirostrum sclateri, Berl. et Tacz. IK Z. k 1883, p. 553 (W. 
Ecuador); Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1885. p. 88 (Ecuador): Tavz. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 226. 
Todirostrum cinereum, Sol. P. Z & 1800, p. 283 <W. Ecuador); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325 (W. Peru). 
Similar to P. cinereum, but the throat and nasal coverts white 
{Bed. et Tacz.). 
Hab. Western Ecuador and Western Peru. 

3. Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum. 
Todirostrum 
cLrysocrotaphum, Strickl Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 48, 
pi. xlix.; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 18(16, p. 187 (Ucayali), 1873, 

p. 278 (E. Peru) ; nd. NomenoL p. 45 ; Tacz. 0m. Per. ii. p. 227. 
Triccus illigeri, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Rein, ii, p. 49 (1859). 
Above yellowish olive, crown and sides of the head black, broad 
and lengthened superciliaries yellow; wings black, margined with 
yellowish olive• tail black, with slight yellowish edgings: beneath 
bright yellow, chin whitish; bill and feet black: whole length 
3*4 inches, wing 1*6, tail 1*2. 

Hab. Upper Amazonia. 

The broad yellow superciliaries at once distinguish this species 
from all its allies except T. guttatum, which has a spotted breast. 

a. 6 ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. 0. Bartlett [0.]. 
4. Todirostrum poliocephalum. 
Todus poliocephalus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 905. 
Todirostrum davifrons, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1846, p. 361. 
Todirostrum poliocephalum, Sclater. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84; id. Cat. A, 


B. p. 208 • JPelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 44. 
Triccus poliocephalus, Burin. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 496. 
Above olive, crown dark cinereous; large frontal spot on each 
side yellow ; wings and tail black, edged with yellowish: beneath 
yellow; bill black, feet blackish: whole length 4 inches, wing 1-7, 
tail 1*4. 
Female similar. 
Hab. S.E. Brazil 


TYRANFID^. 

The yellow front, divided in the middle by a narrow black line, 
renders* this species easily distinguishable. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater doll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
/ . Albino var. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 

5. Todirostrum nigriceps. 
Todirostrum nigriceps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 66, pi. 84. fig. 1, et 
1857, pp. 82, 84; id. Cat A. B. p. 207; Scl. et Sab. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 858 (Panama); iid. Nomencl. p. 45• Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, 
p. 307 (Costa Rica). 
Triccus nigriceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 49. 
Above olivaceous yellow, crown and sides of head black; wings 
and tail black edged with yellowish : beneath yellow, throat white; 
bill and feet black: whole length 3*2 inches, wing 1*6, tail 1. 
Female similar. 

Bah. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a,b. cS 2 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 

d. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
6. Todirostrum calopterom. 
Todirostrum 
calopterum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 82, pi. cxxv. fig. 1; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45, 

Above yellowish olive; whole head above and nape black; wings 
black, lesser wing-coverts and secondaries margined with yellow, 
bend of the wing dark chestnut; tail black, with slight external 
olivaceous margins : beneath bright yellow, throat white; bill black; 
feet dark brown : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*3. 
Hab. Ecuador. 

The chestnut patch at the bend of the wing at once distinguishes 
this species from all its congeners except T. pulchellum, which has 
the back black. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. A d. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Jardine Coll. 

7. Todirostrum pulchellum. 
Todirostrum pulchellum, Scl P. Z. S. 1873, p. 781; Tacz. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 227. 
23 . TODTKOSTRTJM. 
7.1 
Above black, rump olivaceous; wings black, lesser wing-coverts 
yellow, bend of the wing dark chestnut; tail black, outer margin of 
external rectrix whitish: beneath bright yellow, throat white; bill 
and feet black: whole length 3*5 inches, wing K), tail 1*3. 

Hub. Southern Peru. 

The black upper surface renders this species easily recognizable. 

a. 6 
ad.sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru(7F/^fy). Sclater CoR (Type 
of the species.) 
8. Todirostrum guttatum. 
Todirostrum guttatum, JPelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 45. 
Above yellowish olive ; crown and sides of head black, a broad 
superciliary line behind the eye yellow; small loral spot whitish ; 
wings and tail black, coverts and outer secondaries broadly edged 
with yellow, remiges and rectrices narrowly with olive: beneath 
yellow, chin whitish, throat and breast spotted with black; bill 
black; feet blackish : whole length 3*7 inches, wing 1*6, tail PI . 

Bab. Colombia and Upper Amazonia. 

Easily distinguished from the two other species with spotted 
throats by the ground-colour of the throat being yellow, not white, 
and by the yellow postsuperciliary band. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Pebas, Upper Amazons (Hauxwell). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk S. America. Jardine Coll. 

9. Todirostrum maculatum. 
Todus maculatus, JDesm. Tang, pi. 70. 
Platyrhynchus maculatus, View. Nouv* Diet, xx'vii. p. 19; id. JEnc. 

Meth. p. 841. 
Todus cinereus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 8, pi. 10.fig. 1. 
Todirostrum maculatum, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 384; Lafr.Bev. ZooL 

1840, p. 360 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208 ; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Scl. et Salv. P Z. S. 18(3(5, p. 187, 18(57, 

p. 978, 1873, p. 278; iid. Noinencl p. 45; Layard, Ibis, 1873, 
p. 381 (Lower Amazons); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Br. Guiana). 
Above olive, crown black; wings and tail black, edged with 
yellowish olive: beneath pale yellow, throat white; throat and 
breast striated with black; bill black, pale at the base; feet 
brown: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*3. Female 
similar. 

a, b. S ad. sk Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 

d. S ad. sk. Barcellos, Bio Negro (Natterer). 
Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons 
(Wallace). 
7 4 TYBANNIILE. 
/ .
y. 
S ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Para (Layard). 
S. America. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
/*. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

10. Todirostrum signatum. 
Todirostrum signatum, Scl. et Saiv. Ibis, 1881, p. 267; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 228. 
Todirostrum niaculatum, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Upper 
Ueayali), 1867, p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 278 (E. Peru). 
Above olive, head above grey; wings and tail black, edged with 
yellowish olive : beneath yellow, throat white ; throat and breast 
striated with black; bill blackish, under mandible whitish: whole 
length 3-5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*3. 
Bab. Upper Amazonia. 
A very close ally of T. niaculatum, distinguishable only by its 
lighter, grey, cap. 

a. Ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwelt). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. ( 
b. $ 
ad, sk. Yquitos, E. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. j 
(Types of the species.) 
11. Todirostrum schistaceiceps. 
Todirostrum schistaceiceps, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 444; id. P. Z. S. 
1859, p. 384; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1800, p. 399 • 
iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358; iid. Komencl. p. 45. 

Todirostrum superciliaris, Laivr. Ami. L. iv. Y. x. p. 19 (Cartagena). 
Above olive; head above and nape cinereous; lores white; wings 
and tail black, coverts broadly tipped with yellowish: remiges and 
rectrices narrowly edged externally with olive : beneath slaty white ; 
flanks and crissum pale yellowish; under wing-coverts yellow; 
bill dark horn-colour, with tomise white; feet pale brown : whole 
length 3*5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*3. Female similar. 
Bab. S. Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Colombia, and Yenezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b, c. Ad. sk, Choctum, Vera Paz (Salviri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salviri). Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk, Vera Paz (Salvin). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
g. Ad. sk. Ohisec, Vera Paz (Salviri). Tweeddale Coll. 
h, i. <$ $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/, m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman ColL 
12. Todirostrum picatum. 
Todirostrum picatum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p» 70; id. Cat. A. B* 
p. 208; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45. 
23 . TODIKOSTRTJM. 
Above black; lores whitish, a patch on tho outer webs of the 
external secondaries creamy white; tail black, external rectrices 
tipped with white: beneath white ; sides of breast blackish, flanks 
and under wing-coverts tinged with yellow • upper mandible black, 
lower mandible and feet white : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2, 
tail 1-4. 

Bab. Western Eucador. 
A very well-marked species, recognizable by its black upper 
surface. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased. 
d,e. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
13. Todirostriim capitale. 
Todirostrurn capitale, Sclater, JP. Z. S.1857, p. 83, pi. 125.fig. 2, et 
1858, p. 70 • id. Cat. A. B. p. 208; $cl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45. 

Above olive; crown rufous; wings blackish, edged with olive; 

outer secondaries with a broad external margin of pale yellowish 

(as in T. pieatum) ; tail blackish, edged with olive ; outer rectrices 

tipped with white : beneath white, sides of neck dusky grey ; flanks 

and under wing-coverts tinged with pale yellowish• bill above 

black, lower mandible white; feet pale brown: whole length 2*6 

inches, wing 1-7, tail 1*3. 

Hob. Western Ecuador. 

Count v. Berlepsch suggests to me that this may be the female of 

T. jpkatum, which is possible, though in all other species of the 
genus the sexes are similar. 
a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. JardineColl, 
c} d. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased. 
e,/. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
14. Todirostrum ruficeps. 
Todirostrum l-uficeps, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 52; Sclater, P. Z. S. 

1855, pp. 67,148, et 1857, p. 84; id. Cat. A. B. p. 207; Sol et Salv. 

Nomencl. p. 45 ; iid. P. Z. S.1879, p. 512 (Antioquia). 

Todirostrum multicolor, Strickl. Contr. Dm, 1862, p. 42, pi. Sd.fig. 2, 

Above clear olive ; crown red, surrounded by a black line ; ear-

coverts white, bordered below by a black line; wings and tail black, 

coverts tipped with pale yellow; remiges and rectrices margined 

with olive : beneath yellow; chin, throat, and fore neck white ; bill 

black; feet brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*5. 

Female similar. 

Bab. Colombia. 

76 TYRANNID-E. 
a, h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll. 
\. (S ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

15. Todirostrum ruiigeiie. 
Todirostram ruficeps, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144 (Ecuador). 
Todirostrum rufigene, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 522. 
Poecilotriccus rungenis, BerL J.f. 0. 1884, p. 298. 

Above clear olive, crown red; ear-coverts pale rufous; wings and 
tail black, margined with olive; coverts tipped with pale yellow: 
beneath yellow, throat in the middle white, at the sides washed with 
rufous ; bill black, feet pale brown : whole length 2-5 inches, wing 
1-8, tail 1-4. 

Hob. "Western Ecuador, 

Distinguished from T. rujiceps by the rufous sides of the head. 

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. (S ad. sk. Cay an deled, Ecuador (Stokmanri). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Mongi, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Initac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
16. Todirostrum lenzi. 
Todirostrum lenzi, Bed. J.f 0. 1884, p. 240, t. i. figs. 1, 2. 
Poecilotiiccus lenzi, BerL J.f O. 1884, p. 298. 

Similar to T. ?*ujiceps and T. rufigene: but different from the 
former in the uniform rusty-red colour of the head, and from the 
latter in the brighter colour of the head, its greater extension over 
the nape, the transverse rufous line across the throat, and the 
brighter yellow abdomen (BerlejpscJi). 

Hah. Bucaramanga, Colombia. 

24. OSTCOSTOICA. 
Type. 

Oncostoma, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 208 (1862) 0. cinereigulare. 

This little genus comprehends two Central-American species 
closely allied to Todirostrum in general structure, but distinguished 
by the much incurved and elevated culmen of the bill. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Throat cinereous. 1. cinereigulare, p. 77. 
B, Whole under surface yellow. 2. olivaeeum, p. 77. 
24 . OffOOBTOMA.. 
77 

1. Oncostoma cinereigulare. 
Todir^tmm ™igular, &^ , P. Z. ft 185.!, p. 205 (Moxico); 
Oncostoma cinereigulare, Sol. Gat. A. B. p. 208-Sd et Huh 

16/0, p 196 (Veragua); Frantz. J. f. O. 1800 n 307 (Costa 

P' (

Rica); £ouCard!P.Z.s:m3,V.U7\YWJtmi

 0li ve'Sreen

M.tv T. ' «» ™ slightly cinerascont; wings and tail 
blackish; wing-coverts tipped and outer secondaries edged with 
yellowish olive; primaries and rectriees narrowly margined with 
green ; bend of wing yellowish : beneath yellowish, slightly ikminulated 
with olive ; throat and breast cinereous ; under wing-coverts 
pale yellowish; bill dark horn-colour, whitish at the base; feet 
pale brown : whole length 3-8 inches, wing 2, tail Hi. Female 
similar. 

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America to Chiriqui. 

a. 
Jad.sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. (Type 
b' £4* ^ Northern Yucatan (Gawner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 

cl. Ad. sk. Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Vera Paz {Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll. 
u 
tfad.• j. Ad. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala {Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. vin). 

h. tfad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L Ad. sk. Honduras. D. Dyson [C.]. 
2. Oncostoma olivaceum. 
Todirostrum olivaceum, Laiorence, Ibis, 1802, p. 12. 
Oncostoma olivacea, Laior. Ann. L. N. Y, vii p. 473 (Panama). 
Oncostoma olivaceum, Scl et Salv, 1\Z. S. 1804, p. 358 (Panama) ; 


iid. Nomencl. p. 45. 

Above uniform rather yellowish olive; wings and tail blackish ; 
wing-coverts tipped and outer secondaries edged with yellowish; 
primaries and rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath 
uniform yellowish, passing into olivaceous at the sides ; under wing-
coverts sulphur-yellow; bill corneous ; feet pale brown: whole 
length 3*4 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1*4. 

Hab. Panama. 

Easily known from 0. cinereigulare by its uniform yellowish 

under surface. 

a. 
c?ad. sk. Panama (MeLemman). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
TriMNSTIDJE. 

25. EUSCARTHMUS * Type 
Euscarthmus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 945 (1831) E. nidipendulus. 

The group to which Cabanis and Heine have restricted Prince 
Max. of JSTeuwied's term EussartJimust embraces about fifteen species, 
which are distributed over the wooded dibtricte of South America 
from Colombia to Bolivia and South Brazil. Their general 
characters are much those of Toclirostrum, but the bill is not so 
much produced and is more spatulate. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Throat uniform, not striated. 
a. 
Throat white or whitish olivaceous. 
a'. Crown olive like the back. 
a". Lores olive : 
I no white eye-ring 1. nidipe?iduIu,sT p. 78. 
j a white eye-ring 2. zosterops, p. 70. 

6". Lores whitish 3. orbitatm, p. 79. 

c". Lores brownish 4. fumifrons, p. 79. 
b'. Crown brownish 5. pelzelm, p. 80. 
c'. Crown greyish: 


] lores whitish 6. margaritaeeiventer, g, 80. 
j lores rufous 7. labirostrky p. 81. 
h, Throat more or less rufous. 

d'. Breast white: 
I wings banded 8. gularis, p. 81. 
j wings unhanded 9. rufigularis, p. 82. 


e\ Breast rufous 
10. rassatus, p. 82. 

c. Throat black : 
J lores whitish 11. granademis, p. 82. 
] lores rufous 12. pgrrkops, p. 83. 
B. Throat striated. 
d. Under surface yellowish 13. striaticollis, p. 83. 
e. Under surface whitish : 
I wing-bands yellowish 14. impiger, p. 84. 
\ wing-bands white 15. ino?-natu$, p. 84. 
1. Euscarthnras nidipendnlus. 
Euscarthmus nidipendulus, 
Max. Beitr. iii. p. 950j. Cab. et Hein. 
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 50; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 208 • Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. 

p. 102 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45. 
Above uniform olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with 
olive: beneath dirty white, tinged with olive on the flanks; under 
wing-coverts yellowish ; bill pale hazel; feet brown : whole length 
3*5 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1*3. Female similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

* See also E. limbatu.% Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51 (Brazil); E. senex, 
JPelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101 (Borba); and E. rnfipes (Cab.), Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 233 (Peru). 
t Cf. Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 50. 
25 . EUSCARTUMTH. 7<) 
a, b. Ad, sk.
e, d. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil ( Wmherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
•Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. dad. sk. Ypanema, Sao Paolo, Brazil Sclator Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.
(Nutterer). 
Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

2. Euscarthmus zosterops. 
Euscarthmus zosterops, Pete. Orn. Bras. pp. 102. 173; Set. et Salo. 
Nomencl. p. 45 j iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 138. 

Above olive-green; slight ring round the eye whitish; wings 
and tail blackish, edged with olive: beneath pale yellowish ; bill and 
feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*G. 

Hab. Guiana and Lower Amazonia. 
Larger than E. nidipendulus, yellowish below, and with a slight 
whitish ring round the eye. 

a. ^ad. sk. Borba, Brazil (batterer). Sclater Coll. 
3. Euscartlimus orbitatus. 
Euscarthmus orbitatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 958; Cab. et Ilein. Mas. 

mJEem. ii. p. 51 j Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 102. 
Todirostruni orbitatum, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 257. 
Todirostrum palpebrosum, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1846, p. 362 ; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 183-KSclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84. 
Triccus orbitatus, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 497. 
Above olive; lores and broad line round the eye whitish; ear-
coverts brown; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with yellowish 
olive: beneath yellowish olive, clearer on the belly, more whitish on 
the throat; under wing-coverts yellowish ; bill brown, under 
mandible paler; feet pale brown: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 
2% tail 2. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

The description is taken from a male specimen in the Vienna 
Museum, obtained by batterer at Ypanema in the Province of Sao 
Paolo, Brazil, for an opportunity of examining which I have to 
thank Herr v. Pelzeln and the officers of that institution. If Herr 

v. Pelzeln's determination of the species (as E. orbitatus) is correct, 
which I believe to be the case, it is quite distinct from E. striaticollis, 
with which it has been sometimes considered sjnonymous. The 
latter is at once recognizable by its strongly striated throat and 
front neck. 
The larger size, besides the markings on the face, distinguishes 

E. orbitatus from the two preceding species. 
4. Euscarthmus fumifrons. 
Todirostrum fumifrons, Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 35 j Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 67, et 1857, p. 84. 
Euscarthmus fumifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. n, p. 51 j Pete. 
TYRANNIDJE. 

Orn. Bras. p. 101; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 509; Scl et Salv. Nomencl 

p. 45. 
Tnccus crinitus, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 497. 
Above olive-green; front and eye-region rufous; wings and tail 
blackish, margined with olive; wiug-eoverts tipped and outer 
secondaries edged with yellowish olive; bend of the wing yellow : 
beneath pale yellowish, brighter in the middle; throat white ; 
under wing-coverts pale yellow; bill and feet dark plumbeous : 
whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1*2. 

Hob. Cayenne and Guiana ; (S.E. Brazil ?). 

The description is taken from a specimen from Oyapoe, Cayenne 
(JelsJci), which has been compared with the type of Todies crinitus, 
Licht., in the Berlin Museum. 

a. $ ad. sk. St. George, Oyapoe, Cayenne Sclater Coll. 
(Jelski). 
b. Ad. sk. S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad, sk. Guiana (?). Sclater Coll. 

5. Euscarthmus pelzelni. 
Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer, 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101; Scl ef 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 45. 
Euscarthmus pelzelni, Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 268. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish; wing-coverts tipped 
and outer secondaries edged with whitish, rest of remiges and 
rectrices narrowly edged with olive; whole head above with sides 
and nape mouse-brown: beneath pearly white, sides of breast pale 
cinereous; flanks and under wing-coverts tinged with yellowish; 
bill and feet red: total length 3*5 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*5. 

Hah. Cuyaba, Brazil. 
Allied to E. margaritaceiventer^ but distinguished by its brown 
head and well-marked whitish wing-bands. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natt.). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
6. Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer. 
Tachuri pardo vientre de perla, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 90. 
Todirostrum margaritaceiventer, d1 Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 46; 
d'Orb.Voy., Ois. p. 316, t. xxxiii. rigs. 3, 4 j Hartl Ind. Az. p. 11. 
Triccus margaritaceiventris, Burm. Syst. Tleb. iii, p. 456; id. La-
Plata Reise, ii. p. 456. 

Euscarthmus margaritaceiventris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 612 
(Bolivia) ; Salvin, Ibis, 1880, p. 357 (Tucuman); White, P.Z. S, 
1882, p. 605 (Oran); Scl et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 136. 

Euscarthmus wuchereri, 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 45; iid. P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 16 (Peru); Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 233. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged 
with olive


25. EL'SCAKTHMUri. 
green; whole head above, including sides and back of neck, dark 
cinereous: beneath pearly white, passing into pale cinereous on the 
sides; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; flanks tinged with olivaceous 
; bill hazel, darker above; feet red: whole length 4-5 inches, 
wing 2-1, tail 2-9. 

Hah. Paraguay, Northern La Plata, Bolivia, S. Peru, and S.E. 
Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. {Burnford). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Ooll. (Type 
of B. toucher en.) 
e. Ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru (Wliitehj). Sclater Ooll. 
d. Ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Venezuela {Dyson) ? ' Purchased, 
7. Euscarthmus latirostris. 
Euscarthmus latirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101. 
Above olivaceous; cap pale cinereous; front, lores, and eye-
region rufous; wings and tail ashy black, wing-coverts edged with 
yellowish brown, wing and tail-feathers edged with olive, bend of 
the wing yellow: beneath ashy white; throat and middle of the 
belly pure white; flanks tinged with olive; under wing-coverts 
yellow; bill blackish; feet dark cinereous: whole length 3*9 inches, 
wing 1*9, tail 1*3. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia. 
This species is nearly allied to E. gularis, but readily distinguishable 
by its rufous front and white throat. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (EauxwelJ). Gould Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Jardine Coll. 
d. e. $ ad. sk. Nauta, R. Amazon. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
(In bad condition, perhaps different.) 
8. Euscarthmus gularis. 
Muscicapa gularis, Temm. PL Col. 167.fig. 1. 

Todirostmm gulare, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 46; d'Orb. Voy., 
Ois. p. 315 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 183; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84. 
Todirostmm rufilatum, Earth Jour. f. Orn. 1855» p. 98 • Sclater, 


P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84. 
Euscarthmus gularis, Cab. et Eein. Mus. Hein. li. p. 51; Scl. Cat. 

A B. p. 209: Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p ' 45 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, 

p 605 (Corrientes); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (Pernambuco); 

Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 129 (Rio Grande do Sul); 

Scl et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 136. 

Todirostmm plumbeiceps, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 361. 

Above olive; wings blackish, wing-coverts tipped and outer 
secondaries edged with yellowish white, forming two distinct bands, 
remises and rectrices narrowly margined with olive; head above 
dark cinereous; lores and sides of the head surrounding the dark 
ear-coverts, rufous: beneath white, sides of the breast greyish; 

VOL. XIV. 

TYBANNIDiE. 

chin and sides of throat rufous like the lores; flanks and under 
wing-coverts tinged with yellowish: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 
1*8, tail 1-4. Female similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil, Bolivia, and Northern La Plata. 

a, b. S ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 

c. Jr. sk. S.E. Brazil (Katferer). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk Brazil. Gould Coll. 
f-h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll. 
Xj- Ad. sk. Sirnacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coil. 
9. Enscarthmus rofignlaris. 
Euscarthmus 
rufiffularis, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 67; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 534 j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 231. 

'Next to B. gularis, but larger, bill broader; no bands on the 
wing-coverts (Cabanis). 
Hah, Peru. 

10. Euscarthmus russatus. (Plate IX. fig. 1.) 
Euscarthmus russatus, Salv. et Godm, Ibis, 1884, p. 445 ; Salvin, Ibis, 
1885, p. 292. 

Above olive-green; crown and nape dark cinereous; front, lores, 
and sides of head deep rufous; wings and tail blackish, wing-
coverts tipped with rufous, forming two distinct bands, remiges 
and rectrices narrowly margined with olive: beneath, whole throat 
and breast deep rufous; abdomen pale cinereous white; thighs, 
crissum, and under wing-coverts tinged with rufous: whole length 
4 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*4. Female similar. 

Bab. Roraima district, British Guiana. 
A very well-marked species, at once distinguishable by its deep 
rufous throat and breast, 

a, b. $ ad.; c. 5 Roraima, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad.sk. {WJiitely). (Types of the species.) 
dy e. (S J ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
(WMtely). 

11. Euscarthmus granadensis. 
Todirostrum granadense, Hartl. Eev. Zool. 1843, p. 289; Strickl. Contr. 
Orn. 1852, p. 41, pL 85; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 67, et 1857, 

p. 84. 
Euscarthmus granadensis, Set Cat A. B. p. 209; ScL et Salv. 
Nomencl p. 45; Berlepsch, J. f. 0. 1884, p. 299 (Bucaramanga). 
Todirostrum pectorale, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 52. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-
green ; lores white: beneath greyish white, clear white on the breast 
and the middle of the belly ; throat black ; under wing-coverts pale 

25 . EUSCAEXIIMTJS. 
83 

yellow; flanks and crissum yellowish olive; bill dark horn-cokrar ; 
feet pale brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail l-il 
Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia. 

a Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
6*A(7 ,sk\ Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c-e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
f,g. <$ 2 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Salmon). 

h. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia. T. K. Salmon [C.]. 
12. Euscartlmras pyrrhops. 
Euscarthmus 
pyrrhops, Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 08; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 535, et 1882, p. 18 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 232: Tacz. et BerL 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 117. * 
Euscarthmus ocularis, Salmn, Ibis, 1876, p. 493 (Ecuador), 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish edged with olive; 
large loral spot and eye-region pale rufous: beneath paler greyish 
white, clear white on the middle of the breast and the belly; under 
wing-coverts yellowish; flanks and crissum tinged with olivaceous ; 
beak horn-colour, paler below; feet pale brown: whole length 3*5 
inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*6. 


Hob. Western. Peru and Ecuador. 
Similar to E. granadensis, but with the sides of the head rufous. 


a. $ 
ad. sk. Tamiapampa, Peru (Stolzman). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen of E. pyrrhops.) 
b. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Vittagoniez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Puna I., Ecuador (Yillagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of E. ocularis*) 
13. Euscarthmus striatieollis. 
Todirostrimi striaticolle, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 58. 
Euscarthmus striatieollis, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 101; Scl. et Said. 
Nbmencl. p. 45. 
Euscarthmus orbitatus, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 209 (err.). 

Above yellowish olive, rather brownish on the head; lores 
whitish; wings and tail blackish, edged with yellowish olive: 
beneath yellow; throat white, striated with black: under wing- coverts 
pale yellow; flanks olivaceous; bill plumbeous; feet pale brown: 
whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 
A rather large species, with somewhat strong bill, and at once 
known by its striated throat and yellow belly. 
a Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll 

b. Ad. sk. Villa Maria, Mato Grosso Sclater Coll 
(Natterer). 
TYRANNIDiE. 

C, d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Bogota (?). Purchased. 
g, Ad. sk. Bakia. Sudbury Museum. 

14. Euscarthmus impiger. (Plate IX. fig. 2.) 
Euscarthmus impiger, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171, t. xiii. fig. 1, 
et 1869, p. 253 (Venezuela) ; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 299 (Bucaramanga). 


Structure of Euscarthmus impiger. (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171.) 

Above mouse-brown, with an olivaceous tinge on the back; 
wings and tail blackish, the wing-coverts tipped and outer secondaries 
edged externally with yellowish white, the other remiges 
and the rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath white, 
flammulated on the throat and breast with pale cinereous ; under 
wing-coverts pale yellow; bill brown; feet red: whole length 4-2 
inches, wing 1*9, tail 1-8. 
Hab, Venezuela and Colombia. 

a. J ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type 
. of the species.) 
b. cJ ad. sk. Caraccas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

15. Euscarthmus inornatus. 
Euscarthmus inornatus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 102, 174 (1871). 
I have examined the single specimen of this species in the Vienna 
Museum. It is most nearly allied to E. impiger, but rather smaller 
in size, darker in colour above, and has the wing-bands of a clear 
white ; whole length 3-3 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1*3. 

Hab. Eio Negro district of Brazil (Natterer). 

26 . CERATOTRICCUS. 27 . PBEUDOTKIOCUS. 8 5 
26. CERATOTRICCTJS. 
Ceratotriccus, Cab. J.f. 0.1874, p. 87 0. furcatus. 
This well-marked form has boen separated from its allies by 
Dr. Cabanis on account of its peculiar tail, which is slightly forked, 
and has the outer rectrices rather widened at the tips. 

1. Ceratotriccus furcatus. 
Todirostrum furcatuiu, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 362. 
Ceratotriccus furcatus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 87. 

Euscarthmus apicalis, ScL P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47, pi. ix. fig. 1. 

Above olive-green; head dull rufous; lores paler; wings blackish, 
slightly edged with rufous; tail dark grey, broadly tipped with 
clear white, which is bordered by a black subapical band: beneath 
cinereous ; throat rufous, like the head; a large cervical spot white; 
under wing-coverts white: band of the wing yellowish; bill and 
feet pale brown: whole length 3*8 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1*6. 

Hob. Brazil. 

The white tail-band and white cervical spot at once distinguish 
this species, of which I have examined a single specimen, in the 
Paris Museum. 

27. PSEUDOTRICCUS. 
Type. 
Pseudotriccus, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 88 P. pelzelni. 
This singular form of Western Ecuador much resembles in 

general aspect the female of Myiobius Jiavicans, and one of the 
specimens was long in my collection doubtfully referred to that 
species. It is, however, not nearly allied to Myiobius, and in its long, 
smooth, and slender tarsi seems to come closer to Todirostrum and 
Euscarthmus, near which, for the present, I place it. At the same 
time, the two outer toes are rather more connected than is usual in 
the Tyrannidae, and it is quite possible that Pseudotriccus may 
turn out to be a Piprine form, as maintained by its discoverer, 

M. Stolzmann. 
1. Pseudotriccus pelzelni 
Pseudotriccus pelzelni, Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 88. 
Above uniform dark olive; wings and tail blackish, the wing-
coverts like the back, the remiges and rectrices slightly edged with 
brownish olive: beneath yellowish olive, paler in the middle; bill 
dark horn-colour, feet pale brown : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 
2-4, tail 1-9. 

Hob. Western Ecuador. 

a. 
c?ad. sk. Machay, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
(Autkeutic specimen.) 
b. 
Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Perhaps different.) 
TYBANNID-E. 

2$. CJENOTEICCUS *. 

Under this term, I propose to isolate the peculiar Todirostrum 
ruficeps of Lafresuaye, which has been referred to several widely 
different genera, without receiving an appropriate abiding-place. 
Its long smooth tarsi show an affinity to the Todirostrine group, 
where I will place it for the present. Ccenotriccus is mostly found 
in Bogota collections, but was obtained by Buckley in Eastern 
Ecuador. 

1. Caenotriccus ruficeps. 
Muscicapa (Todirostrum) ruficeps, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1843, p. 291. 
Fluvicola ruficeps, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1844, p. 80. 
Conopophaga ruficeps, Lafr. Mag. de ZooL 1844, pi. 51; Bp. Consp. 


i. p. 203. 
Tyrannula ruficeps, Sclater. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149. 
Serphophaga ruficeps, ScL Cat. A. B. p. 212; ScL et Salv. Nommel. 
p. 47; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535; Id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 237. 
Olive-green ; whole head bright chestnut; wings and tail blackish, 

edged with rather darker chestnut: beneath paler, middle of belly 

yellowish; upper mandible horn-colour, lower yellowish; feet pale 

brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1-8. 

Hob. Colombia and Eastern Ecuador. 

a, b. Ad. sk Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
e. f. Ad. et jr. Bogota. Jardine Coll. 
sk. 
g. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Jameson). Jardine Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
29. LOPHOTRICCUS. 
Type. 
Lophotriccus, Berk P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553 L. spicifer. 
This dismemberment of the genus Todirostrum contains two 

species distinguished by their elevated crest and shorter smaller 
bill. They range from Costa Eica southwards over Upper Amazonia 
and Yenezuela. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Crest-feathers edged with whitish 1. spicifer, p^ 87. 
B. Crest-feathers edged with rufous 2. squamicristatus, p. 87. 
* icaivos recens et rpiKicos nom. propr. 
29. LOPliOTRUrUS. 
*7 

1. Lophotriccus spicifer. 
Todirostrum spiciferum, Lafr. lie v. ZooL 1840, p. «(«: »SW. P /. tf. 
1855, p. 67, pi. lxxxiv. fig. 2. 
Euscarthmus spidfer, &W. ^ /SW?\ P. & A 1800, p. 187, 18(57, p. 751, 
et 1873, p. 278 (E. Peru); iid. NommcL p. 4*1. 
Ooloplerus galeatua, Tarz. P. #. A 1882, p. 18 (N.M Peru). 
Lophotriccus spicifer, Bed et Taoz, P. Z. ti. J 88,1, p. 55tf; Tfccs. 
Oni. Per. ii. p. 229. 
Above olive-green; head-crest of elongated blackish feat hern 
narrowly edged with greyish white; wings and tail blackish, 
margined with olive; the wing-coverts and outer secondaries more 
broadly tipped and edged with yellowish green: beneath greyish 
white, with slight obsolete darker striations and strong yellowish 
tinge on the belly; under wing-coverts pale yellowish;"bill corneous; 
feet brown: whole length 2*7 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. 
Female similar. 
Hal. Upper Amazonia, 

a. Ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlrtt). Mater Ooll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Barttett). Sclatur Ooll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Ucayali (Etauxwell). Gould Ooll. 
d. Ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru (JJliitehj). Salvin-Uodman Ooll. 
e. 6 ad. sk. Ohamicuros, E. Peru (BaHlett). Purchased. 
/ . Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sarvm-Godman Coll. 
2. Lophotriccus squamicristatus. 
Todirostrum squamicristatum,Ztf/r. Bev, Zool 1840, p. 303; Selater, 
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, 1857, p. 84, 1858, p. 70, 1859, p. 144, et 
1860, pp. 283, 295; Bp, Consp, i. p. 18& 
Euscarthmus squamicristatus, Frantz. J. f, O. 1809, p. 807 (Oosta 
Rica) ; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 145. 

Orchilus pileatua, v-«„. ... .^.v. * . * ,7 *...,„, r . .*«*, *.*w1874, 
p. 535, 1877, p. 332, et 1882, p. 18 (Peru). 
Euscarthmus pileatua, Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 104, t. ix. fig. 1 (?). 

Above olive-green : elongated crest-feathers black, broadly tipped 
with rufous ; wings and tail blackish edged with olive, the edgings 
of the wing-coverts and outer secondaries broader and more yellowish: 
beneath greyish white, clearer in the middle ; striated with darker 
colour on the throat and breast; abdomen tinged with yellowish 
green; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill daik horn-colour; feet 
pale brown: whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*8. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Upper Amazonia, 
Ecuador and Peru. 
«. S ad. sk. Dota, Costa Rica (Zeledon). Palvin-Godmaii Coll. 

b. Ad. sk. Turridlba, Costa Rica {Arce)* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Oosta Rica (Arct). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
TYKAKNIDJE. 

d. Ad. sk. Costa Kica (Arcfj. Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcf). 0. Salvin,E&q. [P.]-
Calovevora, VeraguaSalvin-Godman Coll. 

f,g. 6 ad.; h. 
(Arc£). 

$ ad. sk. 

t. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
Ad. sk. Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
1 Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad.sk. Bogota. 
Gould Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth). 
r. Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
8. S ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
£. (S ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Jardine CoH. 
«, i?. c? ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Jardine Coll. 
w. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
30. OKCHILUS. 
Type. 
Orchilus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 164 (1845) 0. auricularis. 
This genus was based upon Todirostrum auriculare of S.E. Brazil, 

distinguished from the parent form by its shorter and very slender 
tarsi, feebler and shorter bill, and smaller tail. With this form has 
been associated the remarkable T. ecauclatum with the tail excessively 
diminished, which ought in strictness, perhaps, to be again 
separated, but is, no doubt, closely allied. 

The range of this genus extends from Costa Eica to Bolivia and 
Paraguay. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Tail moderate, twice as long as tarsus : a well-
defined black auricular spot 1. auricularis, p. 88. 
B. Tail very short, not exceeding tarsus; no 
auricular spot: 
i crown cinereous 2. ecaudatusf p. 89. 
| crown black 3. atricapillusj p. 89. 

1. Orchilus auricularis. 
Platyrhynchus auricularis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 16 : id, Fnc. 

Mm. p. 838. 
Euscarthmus cinereicollis, Mas. Beitr. iii. p. 955. 
Vermivora melanotis, Less. Tr. d?Orn. i. p. 386. 
Todus megacephalus, 8%o. Nat. Libr. Flycatch, p. 177, pi. 19. 
Orchilus cinereicollis, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 164. 
Todirostrum cinereicolle, Hartl Yerz. Mm. Brem. Nathfr. p. 11. 
Todh-ostrum auriculare, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1846, p. 364 ; Bpt Consp. 

i. p. 182. 
30. ORCHILUS. 
Hi) 
Triccus auricularis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. Ml 
Orchilus auricularis, Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. /Jl j *SW. Cat, A. 


B. p. 209; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 102; ticl. et Sab. NomenvL p. 4f>; 
JSamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304 (S. Paulo); Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. XH 
(Rio); Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 130 (Rio Grande 
do Sul). 

Above bright olive-green; wings and tail blackish with olive-
green edgings, which are more yellowish on the wing-coverts and 
outer secondaries; ring round the eye and adjacent portion of ear-
coverts pale rufous, bordered behind by a large black patch: beneath 
yellowish, clearer in the middle of the belly; throat greyish white, 
obsoletely striated with blackish; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; 
bill horn-colour, whiter below at the base ; feet reddish: whole 
length 2*5 inches, wing 1*6, tail 1-1. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Parana, Brazil (Rogers), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
h. Ad.' st. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
2. Orchilus ecaudatus. 
Todirostrum ecaudatum, aVOrb. etLafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; d'Orb. Voy,, 
Ois. p. 316, t. xxxiii. figs. 1, 2. 

Orchilus ecaudatus, 
Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 102; Sch et Bah. P. Z. S. 
1868, p. 631, 1878, p. 138, et 1879, p. 613; nd. Nomencl p. 45 ; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 234. 

Above yellowish olive; crown cinereous; wings and tail Mackihh 

narrowly edged with olive, the margins of the coverts and outer 

secondaries broader and more yellowish: beneath white, abdomen 

tinged with yellowish; under wing-coverts pale yellow: wholo 

length 2-8 inches, wing 1*2, tail 0*5. 

Hah. Bolivia, Peru, and Venezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
3. OrcMus atricapillus. 
Todirostrum ecaudatus, Lawr. Ann. X. K T. ix. p. 110. 
Orchilus atricapillus, Lawr. Ibis, 1875, p. 385. 
Like 0. ecaudatus, but crown black, a white line through the 
lores, and abdomen clear yellow (Lawrence). 
Hab. Costa Rica. 


TYRANNISE. 

m 

31. COLOPTERUS. 
Type. 
Colopterns, Cab. in Iter. Verk Ah. Berlin, 1845, p. 216. C. galeatus. 

Wings of Colopterus pilaris, tf et $. 

The exceedingly curious wing-structure at once enables us to 
recognize the form appropriately designated Golopterus by Cabanis, 
of which two species are known, ranging from Veragua to Amazonia. 
Both of them have a modified Todirostrine bill, and thin tarsi with 
the division of the scutes in front well-marked. In the male of the 
non-crested 0. pilaris the four.outer primaries are diminished to 
barely more than two thirds of their normal length, and reduced in 
size accordingly. In the crested C. galeatus this character is not so 
strongly pronounced and seems to embrace only the three outer 
primaries. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Non-crested;. four outer primaries abnormally 
reduced 1. pilaris, p. 90. 
B. 
Crested; three outer primaries abnormally 
reduced 2. galeatus, p. 91. 
1. Colopterus pilaris. 
Oolopterus pilaris, Cab. IViegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 253; Bp. Consp. L 
p. 184 ; Cab. et Bein. Mas. Rein. ii. p. b2 ; Sel. Cat A, B. p. 210 ; 
Set. et JSalv. Nomencl. p. 46 \ iid. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252 (Venezuela) ; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 (Veragua); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, 
p. 124 (Santa Marta). 
Todirostrum exile, Selater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83, pi. exxv. fig. 3. 
Crestless; above olive, wings and tail blackish edged with olive, 

the margins of the wing-coverts and outer secondaries broader and 

brighter: below greyish white; flanks and under wing-coverts 

yellowish; bill brown ; feet reddish hazel: whole length 3*2 inches, 

wing 1-7, tail 1*3. 

Hob. Veragua and Colombia. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Santa F£, Veragua (Arce). Salyin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, XL S. C. Selater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Minca, Santa Marta, II. S, O. Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
f:i. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Sarvin-Godimn Coll. 
j, k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Selater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

91 

32 . HEMITRICCUS. 
2. Colopterus galeatus. 
Figuier Imp* le Cayenne, Daub. PL JEnl. 301. fig. 1. 
Motacilla galeala, Bodd. Table d. PL ML p. 24. 
Colopterus galeatus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Jinn. ii. p. 52; Sri. Cat. 


A. B. p. 210; Peb. Orn. Bras. p. 102 ; Scl. et Salo. P. Z. S. 1807, 
p. 577 (Lower Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 40; Layard, Ibis, 
187.% p. 382 (Para); Tacz. P.Z.S. 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru); 
Solo. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Br. Guian.). 
Motacilla cristata, Qm. S. N. i. p. 972. 
Colopterus cristatus, Gab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 253; Cab. et 
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52. 

Above olive; elongated crest-feathers blackish in the centre : 
wings and tail blackish edged with olive: beneath whitish, with 
obsolete ashy striatums on the throat and breast; belly and flanks 
tinged with yellowish olive; under wing-coverts pale yellow; bill 
horn-colour; feet pale brown: whole length 3*3 inches, wing 1*7, 
tail 1*5. Few ale similar. 

Hah Venezuela, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. (S ad. j d. 2ad.sk.
e. <$ ad. sk. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f-g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
k. $ ad. sk.
I. Ad. ad.
( Whitely). 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne (Jelski). 
Para {Bayard). 
Lower Amazons (Wallace). 
Capim r., Lower Amazons 
(Wallace). 
Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

32. HEMITEIOCUS. ffype 
Hemitriccus, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52 (1859) H. diup^. 
The Brazilian form isolated by Messrs. Cabanis and Heine under 
the name Bemitritcus is not very far from Husearthmus, but may be 
suffered to remain alone in view of its narrow beak and longer tail. 
The tarsi are long and slender, with the scuta! divisions apparent. 

1. Hemitriccus diops. 
Muscicapa diops, Temm. PI. Col. 144. f. 1. 
Todirostrum diops, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 365; Bp. Consp. i. p. 182. 
Euscarthrnus vilis, Burm. Syst. TJeh. ii. p. 490. 
Hemitriccus diops, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. 52; Scl, Cat. A. 


B. p. 210 $ Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 46. 
Above uniform dull olive-green; wings and tail blackish with 
similar edgings; ring round the eye whitish; lores blackish j 

TYRANNITLE, 

beneath dirty grey; middle of breast and. belly whitish; under 
wing-coverts and bend of wing yellowish; upper mandible horncolour, 
lower pale brown; feet hazel: whole length 4*7 inches, 
wing 2-2, tail 2-2. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
33. 
PHYLLOSCARTES. 
Type. 
Phylloscartes, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 52 (18-59) .. P. ventralis. 
Only one example of this scarce little Brazilian bird is before me, 
for the acquisition and recognition of which I am much indebted 
to Graf v. Berlepsch. The bill is much more constricted than in the 
preceding genera, the tail longer, and the tarsal scutellations strongly 
developed. Were it not for the somewhat well-shown rietal setas, 
one might be inclined to refer this form to the Elaineinse. 

1. Phylloscartes ventralis. 
Muscicapa ventralis, Temm. PL Col. 275. fig. 2. 
Tyrannulus ventralis, Temm, Tabl. Meth. p. 27. 
Elainia ventralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 250. 15. 
Leptopogon ventralis, Bp. Consp. i p. 186. 
Euscarthmus ventralis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 491. 
Phylloscartes ventralis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. JSein. ii. p. 52 ; Pelz. Orn. 


Bras. p. 102; Sal. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577 ; iid. Xomencl. p. 46 ; 
Berl et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 131 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Scl. 
et Huds. Arg. Orn. L p. 137 *, Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. 

p. 198 (Entrerios). 
Above uniform olive; ill-defined superciliaries whitish; ear-
coverts dark; wings and tail blackish with olive margins; well-
defined spots on the tips of the two rows of wing-coverts and 
outer webs of secondaries yellowish : beneath yellow, rather more 
whitish on the throat and olivaceous on the sides; under wing-
coverts pale yellow; bill and feet blackish: whole length 4*5 inches, 
wing 2*1, tail 2*3. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande Sclater Coll. 
do Sul, Brazil (Jhering). 
34 . HAPALOCERCUS. 
9 3 
34. 
HAPALOCERCUS * 
Typo 
Ilapalocercus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 254.. \l. meloryphus. 
Lepturus, Sio. Class. B. ii. p. 259 (1837) IT. meloryphus. 
Leptocercus, Cab. in Tseh. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 1(54 

(1846) II, meloryphus. 
Myiosympotes, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxv. (1850) .. IL fiaviventris 
(teste Gray). 

This little section contains four species, characterized by their 
thin elongated tail and compressed bill, with slight rictal bristles. 
The tarsi are long and thin, and the wings short. They are spread 
thinly over South America from Colombia to La Plata. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Lower surface white or whitish. 
I Laiger; sides of head ashy brown 1. meloryphus, p. 93. 
i Smaller; sides of head fulvous 2. fulviceps, p. 94. 
B. 
Lower surface yellow. 
( Upper surface brown ; wings normal 3. Jlaviventris, p. 94. 
•J Upper surface olive-green ; outer primaries 
[ pointed 4. actitipennis, p. 9-5. 
1. Hapalocercus meloryphus. 
Euscarthmus meloryphus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 947; Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 184 j Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 493. 
Lepturus ruficeps; Sio. Nat. Libr.} Flyeatch. p. 181, pi. 20. 
Leptocercus ruficeps, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 164. 
Hapalocercus ruficeps, Cab, Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 254; Bp. Consp. 
i. p. 185. 
Hapalocercus meloryphus, 
Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 52 j Scl. 
Cat A. B. p. 210; Pelz. Om.Bras. p. 103; Sel. et Salv. Nommcl. 

p. 46; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Berkpsch, J. /. O. 
1884, p. 318. 
Above mouse-brown: wings and tail rather darker; head sub-
crested, the feathers of the crown clear rufous, tipped with brown: 
beneath dirty white, a slight yellowish tinge on the flanks and 
under wing-coverts; bill and feet brown: whole length 4*3 inches 
wing 1*9, tail 1*8. 

Hob. 
S.E. Brazil 

a. <$ ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d9 e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 

* The following species referred to this genus are unknown to me:— 
1. K. helviventris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 254 ; Cab. et Heine, 
Mus. Hein. ii. p 53, from the Antilles (?). 
2. H. rufomaryinafus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103, from Brazil. 
'JTRANNIDJE. 

2. Hapalocercus fulviceps. 
Euscarthmus fulviceps, Sol. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 497; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 325, et 1880, p. 202 (Peru). 
Hapalocercus fulviceps, Tacz. et Perl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118; lacz. 
Urn. P6r. ii. p. 295. 

(Structure oi Hapalocercus fulviceps. (P.Z. S. 1871, p. 497.) 

Above mouse-brown; wings and tail rather darker; tips of 
coverts and outer margins of outer secondaries pale brown ; sides of 
head and bases of feathers of subcrested crown fulvous-brown : 
beneath dirty white; flanks and under wing-coverts with a slight 
yellowish tinge; beak and feet brown: whole length 3*7 inches, 
wing 1*7, tail 1*5. 

Bab. Western Ecuador and Peru. 
Smaller than H. meloryphus, and distinguished by the fulvous 
sides of the head and banded wings. 

a. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Frase?-). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Puna I., Guyaquil (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru {Nation). Sclater Coll. 

3. Hapalocercus flaviventris. 
Tachuri vientre amarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 89. 
Alecturus flaviventris, oVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 55: d'Orb. Vou. 

Ois. pi. 36. f. 1. y 
Arundinicola flaviventris, cVOrb. ibid. p. 335. 
Euscarthmus flaviventris, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 493. 

34. HAPALOCERCUS. 
Hapalocercus flavivoutria, Cab. JVier/m. Arch. 1847, i. p. 254; Bp. 
Oonsp. i. p. 185; Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Jlein. ii. p. 52 ; Sd. Cat. A. D. 

p. 210; Pok. Orn. Bras. p. 10;); Sel et Salv. Nmmncl. p. 40; 
Burm. La-Plata Eeise, ii. p. 45(5; White, P.Z.S. 1882, p. 205; 
Barrows, Bull Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 109 (Entrerios); Darn ford, 
Ibis, 1870, p. 159, 1877, pp. 34, 177, et 1878, pp. GO, 305 (Arg. 
Rep.); Sel. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 137. 

Arundinicola 
citreola, Landb. Wieqm. Arch. 1804, pi. i. p. 58 ? (cf. 
Srl.etSalv.P.Z.S.I869,]y.IW). 
Eusearthinus (Hapalocercus) flaviventris, Burm. P. Z. S. I860, p. 2. 

Above mouse-brown ; wings and tail rather darker, with edgings 
like the back; vertex more or less tinged with rufous: beneath 
yellow ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet black: 
whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2, tail 2. Female similar. 

Bab, S. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, La Plata, and Chili. 

a. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehurst). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Sclater Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (HudPurchased. 
son). 
e. Ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. H. Duroford [C.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Ley-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
bold), 
g, h. Ad. sk. Chili. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
V. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . £ ad. sk.
k. 2 a( l. sk. 
Santiago, Chili 
Santiago, Chili 
(Landheck). 
{Landheck). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
?n. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 

4. Hapalocercus acutipennis. 
Hapalocercus acutipennis, Sel et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 187 (Bogota); 
1879, p. 512 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl p. 46 ; Tacz, Orn. Pir. ii. 

p. 236. 
Above dark olive-green; wings and tail brown with slight pale 
edgings : beneath yellow; outer primaries acuminated; bill blackish ; 
feet brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*8. 

Hah. Colombia and Peru. 

The acumination of the wings which renders this species so 
peculiar is carried to its greatest extent in the sixth, seventh, and 
eight primary. 

Sclater Coll (Type 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
of the species.) 

Sclater Coll. 

b. Jr. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. (5 ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. 
<$ ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). 
Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk, S. America. 

e. Jr. sk. S. America. 
Jardine Coll. 

9fi 
TYRA.NHTD.E. 

35. HABRURA. 
Type. 
Habrura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53 (1859) .... H. peetoralis. 
Polystictus, Reichenb. Ac. Syst. Nat. tab. lxvii. (1850).. H. peetoralis. 

This peculiar form has been placed by some authors among the 
Tityrince, but, as Cabanis and Heine have remarked, undoubtedly 
belongs here, and is nearly allied to Culicivora and Serpfoophaga* 
In its abnormal plumage it closely resembles the former, but is at 
once recognizable by its square tail and broader rectrices. The 
tarsal scutes are well marked. 

Habrura extends from Paraguay to Guiana. 

1. Habrura peetoralis. 
Tachari pecho amarillo, Asara, Apunt. ii. p. 80. 
Svlvia peetoralis, Vieill. Noiw. Diet. xi. p. 210; id, Bnc. Mffh. 

"p. 462. 
Euscarthmus peetoralis, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 11. 
Serpophaga peetoralis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53. 
Habrura peetoralis, Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279 (Uruguay) ; Sci. et 

Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 137. 
Hapalocerus peetoralis, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 103; Salv. Ibis, 1885, 

p. 293 (Brit. Guiana).^ 
Euscarthnms superciliaris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 9*53. 
Pachyramphus minimus, Gould, Zool. Yoy. 'Beagle? iii. p. 51, t. xv. 
(1841). 
Tityra minima, Gray, Gen. I. p. 254. 
Hapalura minima, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 252: Burn*. Stmt. 

?7e5.ii.p.494. 
Habrura minima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53; ScL P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 460; ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. 46. 

Above sandy brown with a dark greyish tinge on the head, 
which is subcrested, and has the vertical feathers white at their 
bases; lores and eye-region whitish; wings and tail blackish, 
edged with sandy brown, which forms in some specimens two well-
marked wing-bands: beneath pale sandy ochraceous, more rufous 
on the flanks, throat more or less freckled with black: bill and feet 
dark brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-7. Female 
similar, but without the black markings on the throat. 


Hab. Northern La Plata, Uruguay, Paraguay, S.E. Brazil, and 
British Guiana. 
The specimens from Guiana are rather smaller in size, but do not 
seem otherwise distinguishable. 

a. Ad. sk. Cordova, rep. Arg. (Doering), Sclater Coll. 
b. cT ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay (Gibson). Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
d. e. 
S ad. ;f,g* Roraiina, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
Ad.sk. (Whitely). 
h. 
$ Ad.; i,j. Ad. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
sk. {Whitely). 
36 . CTTLIOIVOKA.. 
36. CULICIVORA. 
Culicivora, 8w. Zool. Jowm. iii. p. 359 (1827) C stemmt 
Hapalura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 252 ..... *'." Q, stonura. 

The peculiar form which. Swainson made the type of his genus 
Culicivora is restricted, so far as we know at present, to S.E. Brazil 
and the adjoining districts. It is at once recognizable by its long 
graduated tail, with the barbs of the rectrices very thin and much 
narrowed. The sandy plumage, which it shares with Habmra, is 
only met with in these two types of the family Tyrannidae 

1. Culicivora stenura. 
Muscicapa stenura, Temm. PI, Col. 167. fig. 3. 
Hapalura stenura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. L p. 252: Burn. 
8yst. Ueb. ii. p. 494. F 
Culicivora stenura, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Rein, ii. p. 53; Peh. Onu 
Bras. p. 103 • White, P. Z. S.1882, p. 605; Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. 

i. p. 139. 
Muscicapa hapalura, Lieht. in Mus. Berol. 
Above sandy brown, striated with black; head nearly black, lores 
and superciliaries white; wings and tail blackish with slight brownish 
edgings: beneath pale sandy buff, more brownish on the sides of the 
neck and flanks• bill and feet black: whole length 3*7 inches, wing 
1*7 ; tail, ext. rectr. 1*3, med. 1*9. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

I can only find 10 rectrices in the specimens of this species which 
I have examined. They are long, thin, and rather stiffened. The 
webs are much reduced in width in all the feathers. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Curitiba, Brazil {Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Ytarare*, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

37. POGONOTEICCUS. Type 
Pogonotriccus, Cab. etBein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 54 (1859).. P. eximius. 
Eupsilostoma, Scl. P. Z. S. I860, p. 68 P. eximius. 

Of this division, established by Cabanis and Heine for the Muscicapa 
escimia of Temminck, I am able to recognize four nearly 
allied species distributed over the forest-regions of South America. 
As indicated by their generic name, they are remarkable in this 
subfamily for the unusual development of the rictal bristles. The 
tarsi are rather short, and the divisions of the scutes distinctly indicated 
; the tail is long, nearly equalling the wings. 


VOL. XIV. 

TYRANNIDiE. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Head grey variegated with whitish : 
J ear-coverts yellow 1. eximius, p. 98. 
I ear-coverts black and white 2. ophthalmicus, p. 98. 
b. Head dark olive 
3. gualaquizce, p. 99. 
c. Head plumbeous; tail longer • 4. plumbeieeps, p. 99. 
1. PogouotricciLS eximlus. 
Muscicapa exiniia, Temm. PI. Col 144. fig. 2. 
Euscarthmus exiniius, Burm. Syst.^ Ueb. ii. p. 491 .^ 
Pogonotriccus exiniius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54• Scl. Cat. 


A. B. p. 211; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103* Scl et Sate. Nomencl. 
p. 46. 
Above bright yellowish olive; wings and tail blackish brown, 
with edgings like the back; crown of head cinereous, lores and 
lengthened superciliaries white; ear-coverts yellow, with a blackish 
border behind: beneath olivaceous yellow, under wing-coverts pale 
yellow; upper mandible plumbeous, lower mandible and feet reddish: 

whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2, tail 1*9. 
Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
a. c? ad. sk. Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (batterer). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk S.E. Brazil. * Sclater Coll. 

2. Pogonotriccus opMhalmicus. 
Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 135, 535, et 
1882, p. 19 j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 250; Tacz. et JBerl. P. Z. S. 1885, 

p. 89 (Ecuador). 
Pogonotriccus zeledoni, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 144 (1869). 
Above bright olive * wings and tail blackish, with edgings similar 
to the back; tips of wing-coverts of a more yellowish tint and 
forming two transverse bands; head and nape cinereous ; lores and 
lengthened superciliaries whitish; ear-coverts very pale yellowish 
or whitish, bordered behind by a black band: beneath pale yellowish, 
throat whitish; bill plumbeous * feet pale brown: whole length 4*4 
inches, wing 2*4, tail 2*3. 

Hab. Peru and Ecuador. 

This species differs from P. ecoimms in the absence of the yellow 
ear-coverts and in the paler colour below. So far as I can tell from 
the examination of the single damaged specimen of P. zeledoni 
which Mr. Lawrence has lent to me, that species is probably the 
same. If this should turn out to be the case, Mr. Lawrence's name 
must be adopted. 

a. Ad. sk. B-opaybamba, Peru (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stolzmanri). Sclater Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk. Mackay, Ecuador (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 
38 . LEPTOTRICOUS. 
09 

3. Pogonotriccus gualapizse. 
Pogonotriccus gualaquizoo, Set P. Z. S. 1887, p. 48 ; TOG*, el Bert 
P. Z. S.1885, p. 89. 
Above olive-green, hoad above rather darker; wings and tail 
blacldsb, with olive-green margins; lores whitish; sides of head and 
whole body below pale yellowish; throat whitish; bill and feet 
brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-7. 

Hob. Western Ecuador. 

a,b. (S ? sk. Grualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclator Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 

4. Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps. 
Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps, Lawr, Ami. L. 2V". I". ix. p. 267 (1870) ; 
Set et Salv. Nomencl. p. 4(1 
Tyranniscus plumbeiceps, Bert et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 90. 

Above olive-green; head and nape plumbeous; lores and ring 

round the eye whitish; wings blackish, coverts broadly tipped with 

pale yellowish, remiges narrowly margined with olivaceous; tail 

brown, slightly margined with olivaceous towards the base: beneath 

olivaceous yellow, passing into whitish on the throat; under wing-

coverts pale yellow: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2-3. 

Hah. Colombia. 

The first specimen seems to agree with the type, which has been 

kindly lent to me by Mr. Lawrence. The second has a rather 

narrower bill, and is possibly different. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
38. LEPTOTEICCUS. 
Type-

Leptotriccus., Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 (1859) .. L. sylviola. 

In Leptotriccus the bill is rather longer and more compressed 
than in Pogonotriccus, and the rictal bristles not quite so dense, but 
the forms are closely allied. The feet are weak as in Pogonotriccus, 
but the tarsi are rather longer. One of the two recognized species 
of this group is from Brazil, the other from Yeragua. 

Key to the Species. 

Head green like the back 1. sylviola^ p. 99. 

Head dark plumbeous . 

2. super ciliar ist p. 100. 
1. Leptotriccus sylviola. 
Muscicapa sylviola, LicM. in Mus. Berot 
Leptotriccus sylviola, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Set Cat. 


A. B. p. 211 ,* Set et Salv. Nomenet p. 46. 
H:2 
TTKANNIDiE. 

100 

Above uniform bright olive; wings and tail blackish, with edgings 
like the back ; lores and ring round the eye dark rufous : under surface 
dirty white ; flanks slightly washed with greenish; under wing-
coverts white; bill and feet brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 
2-1, taH 2. 
Eah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
2. leptotriccus superciliaris. 
Leptotriccus superciliaris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 389; Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196. 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-green; 
bead above and nape dark plumbeous; lores and ring round the 
eye dark rufous : beneath ashy white, flanks and crissum tinged 
with olivaceous; bill blackish; feet pale brown: whole length 3*8 
inches, wing 2, tail 1*9. 
Hob. Yeragua. 
Like L. syhiola, but distinguished by its dark head. 

a. Jad.sk . Chitra, Veragua (Arc£). Salvin-Godman Coll. J 
b. $ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. f 
(Types of the species.) 

39. 
STiaHATITEA. 
Type. 
Stigmatura, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188 S. budytoides. 
The much elongated tail at once distinguishes this singular form, 
which is otherwise not remotely allied to SerpTtophaga. The bill 
is small and constricted, the rictal bristles very feeble, and the 
tarsus long. One of the two known species of Stigmatura is found 
in Bolivia and Peru, the other in the northern provinces of the 
Argentine Republic. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Median white tail-band of lateral rectrices 
complete 1. bndytoides, p. 100. 
B. 
Median white tail-band of lateral rectrices 
absent or incomplete 2. mflavo-einerea, p. 101. 
1. Stigmatura bndytoides. 
Culicivora btidytoides, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. L p. 56. 
Setophaga bndytoides, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 330, t. 36. fig. 2. 
Stigmatura budytoides, Scl. et Sate. P. Z.S. 1866, p. 188 (Ucayali), 


1873, p. 278 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 613 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl p. 46; 
Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 104; Tacz. Orn. P$r. ii. p. 238; Salv. Ibis, 
1880, pp. 352, 357 (Tucuman); Scl et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 139. 

40 . SERPItOPHjLGA. 
101 

Above greyish olive; lores and short superciliary streak yellowish; 
wings blackish brown ; tips of wing-coverts and outer margins of 
secondaries white: tail blackish, all the lateral roctricos crossed by 
a broad white median and a second terminal band ; under surface 
pale yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*1, 
tail 2*5. 

Hob. Bolivia, Peru, Int. of Brazil, and Northern La Plata. 

a. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Rartlott [0.]. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Bridges). T. Bridges [U.l. 
e. Ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg. II. Duraford [0.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. II. Durnford [0. |. 

2. Stigmatura flavo-cinerea. 
Phylloscartes flavo-cinerea, Burm. La-Plata JReise. ii. p. 455: ScL 
P. Z S. 1872, p. 542; Cab. J. f. 0.1878, p. 197. 
Stigmaturaflavo-cinerea, ScL P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 542, 549; ScL et 
Sab. Nomencl. p. 46; ScL et Iltidson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 139. 

Above greyish olive; lores and superciliary stripe whitish; wings 
blackish, with whitish edgings to the coverts and outer secondaries ; 
tail blackish; outer web of the external rectrix and broad tips of 
four external pairs white, the two external pairs in some specimens 
also with a white spot in the middle of the internal web: beneath 
pale yellow ; bill and feet black: whole length 5-8 inches, wing 2*3, 
tail 3. Female similar. 

Bab. Argentine Eepublic and Northern Patagonia. 
In the Eio Negro specimens the white tail-markings are but 
faintly shown. 

a. $ ad. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll 
b,c.<$ $ad.sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weisshaapt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d.e.tfQ ad.sk. Cosquin, Corbobo, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(White). 

f. <$ ad. sk. Eio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
g. J ad. sk. Eio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Eio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Purchased. 
40. SEKPHOPHAGA. 
Typo. 
Serpophaga, Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,7 iii. p. 49 

S. subcristata. 
Colorhamphus,' 'Sund.Mefh. 'Nat.Av. p. 59 (1872).. S. parvirostris. 
In Serjphojphaga and the succeeding genera the beak becomes 
much compressed, and it is somewhat hard to draw the line between 
these forms and the Elaineince. Put the rictal bristles are more or 
less developed in SerpJiopJiaga and its allies. 

The seven species which I refer to this genus have a wide distribution 
from Costa Eica to Chili and Patagonia. 

102 
TrKAlOIDiE. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Head subcrested, with a white vertical spot. 
a. Wings banded with white. 
a'. Crown grey. 
I Smaller: white edgings of wings nar< 
rower 1. subcristata, p. 102. 
( Larger: white edgings of wings broader 2. albogrisea, p. 103. 

b!. Crown black 
3. cinerea, p. 103. 

b. Wings not banded. 
I Belly white 4. hjpoleuca, p. 104. 
{Belly cinereous 5. nigricans, p. 104. 
B. 
Head uniform with back; no vertical spot. 
j Body below yellow 6. sub/lava. p. 105. 
) Body below grey 7. parvirostris, p. 105. 
1. Serphophaga subcristata. 
Contramaestre copatillo ordinario, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 66. 
Sylvia subcristata, Vieill. Nouv. Bid. xi. p. 229 ; id. Eno. Meth. 

p. 443. 
Helinaea subcristata, Hard. Ind. Az. p. 11. 
Muscicapa straminea, Temm. PL Col. 167. fig. 2. 
Muscicapa cristata, Lafr. et d?Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 52. 
Muscicapara subcristata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 326. 
Serpophaga alboeoronata, Gould, in Zool Voy. i Beagle} iii. p. 49. 
Muscicapa incompta, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Euscarthmus albicoronatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 184. 
Serpophaga subcristata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53: Scl. Cat. 
A. B. p. 211 j Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103; Burm. La-Plata Beise, 
ii. p. 454; id. P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 2 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 142, 
175, et 1879, p. 613; iid. Komencl p. 47; White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 606; Burnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 159, et 1877, p. 177 j Forbes, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 342; Barrows, Bull. Mitt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 199 (Entrerios); 
Berl et Jher. Zeitsch. Orn. 1885, p. 130 (Bio Grande do 
Sul) ; Scl. et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 140. 
Anseretes cristatellus, Salvad. Att. Sc. It. vii. p. 153. 
Serphophaga verticata, Burm. J.f.O. 1860, p. 246. 


Above cinereous, usually with a slight olivaceous tinge on the 
rump ; crest-feathers white at their bases, tipped with cinereous and 
slightly varied with black; wings blackish; wing-coverts tipped 
with whitish, forming two transverse bands ; outer secondaries 
externally margined with the same colour; tail dark ashy: beneath 
ashy white, with more or less yellowish tinge on the belly and under 
wing-coverts; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black : whole length 4-5 
inches, wing 2, tail 2-1. Female similar. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Northern La Plata, and Bolivia. 
The specimens from Cordova and Bolivia are more greyish above 
and pure white below, and may be ultimately separable. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil {Lund). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Pelotas, Eio Grrande do Sul Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
e, d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater ColL 

40 . SERPHOPJIAGA. 
e. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. Fiteroy and Burnett 
[P.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.]. 


g. S ad.sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. J ad. sk. Elores, Buenos Ayres (White). Selater Coll. 
i-k. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. II. Dumford [*C.l 
I <$ ad.sk. Cosquin,Oordo7a;rop.Arg.(TF/wte). Salvin-Godman Coll 
m. <$ ad.sk. Oosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg.(WJiite). Selater Coll. 
n-p. <$ ad.sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Let/bold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q-r. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s, t. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.j. 
2. Serpkopliaga alTbogrisea. 
Elainea cinerea, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 180 j Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 138 (?). 
Serphophaga albogrisea, 8cl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 150 ; Reich, u. 
Schaloiv, J.f.O. 1881, p. 88. 

Above cinereous, vertical patch, white; wings black, broadly 
margined with white except in the primaries • tail blackish, with 
slight cinereous edgings: beneath white, with a slight ashy tinge on 
the flanks; under wing-coverts pure white; bill and feet brown: 
whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2*3. 


Hah. Eastern Ecuador. 
Much larger than IS. suhcristata, and at once recognizable by the 
broad pure white wing-edgings. 

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. $. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
3. Serphophaga cinerea. 
Euscarthmus cinereus, Strickl Ann. fy Mag. N. H. xiii. p. 414 (1844) * 
Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 165; Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 526. 
Serpophaga cinerea, Selater, P. Z. S. 1858* p. 458, 1859, p. 144, et 
1866, p. 99 ; id. Cat A. B. p. 211; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. 

p. 53; Pelz. Om.Bras. p. 103; Sah. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 147; id. 
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553;'"Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62; Wyatt, 
Ibis, 1871, p. 332; Berl. J.f.O. 1884, p. 318. 
Serpophaga grisea, Zatvr. Ann. L. N. T. x. p. 139 (Costa Rica)* 
Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 315. 

Above cinereous, head black with a white vertical spot; crest 
very slight; wings and tail black: wing-coverts tipped and outor 
secondaries margined with white: beneath paler cinereous, whiter 
on the belly and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black : whole 
length 4*3 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2, Female similar. 

Hal. Costa Eica, Yeragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, 
and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Costa Pica (Fndres). Salvin-Godman Coll.b. 
cT ad. sk. Sante Fe", Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad.sk. Ghiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
104 TYKANNID-ffi. 
d. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
/ . Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. (S ad. sk.
j . $ ad. sk.
k, I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Eiobamba, Ecuador. 
Cuenca, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley). 
S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L. Eraser [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

4. Serphophaga hypoleuca. 
Serphophaga hypoleuca, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188, et 1873, 
p. 278; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 238. 
Above pale brownish cinereous; wings and tail "blackish, with 
edgings like the back; head blackish; crest elongated, black, with 
a white basal spot: beneath white, passing into pale cinereous on 
the flanks; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole 
length 4 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*8. 

Hal. Eastern Peru. 
A small species, without traces of wing-bands, and with a small 
lengthened black crest, with a white basal spot. 

a. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type of the 
species.) 
b. S ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c-e. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
5. Serphophaga nigricans. 
Sylvia nigricans, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xL p. 204; id. Mnc, MSth. p. 462 
(ex Azara, no. 167). 
Tachuris nigricans, Lafr. et J! Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 55; cTOrb. Voy.f 
Ois. p. 334. 

Euscarthrmis nigricans, JSartl. Ind. Azar. p. 11; Bp. Consp. L p. 184; 
Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 492; Steinbei-g, J.f 0.1869, p. 262 (nest) ; 
Holtz, J.f. 0.1870, p; 7 (egg). 

Muscicapa obscurata, Licht. in Mies. Berol. 

Serphophaga nigricans, Gould, in Zool. Toy. 'Beagle/ iii. p. 50; Cab, 
et Rein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 211; Burm. La-
Plata Beise, ii. p. 454; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 2 ; Scl. et Salv. JP. Z. S. 
1868, p. 142 j iid. Nomencl. p. 47; JEuler, J.f O. 1868, p. 184: 
Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 671, et 1872, p. 543 ; Bumf. Ibzs, 1877, 

p. 177, et 1880, p. 424 (rep. Arg.); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 606; 
Berl. et Jhei\ ZeiUchr. Orn. 1885, p. 130 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; 
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. (Xviii.p. 199 (Entrerios); Scl. et Buds. 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 141. 
Euscarthnms cmereus, Burm. J.f 0. 1860, p. 246. 

Above dull brownish cinereous, wings and tail blackish, the 
coverts and outer secondaries with slight edgings like the back; 
crest slight, with a well-marked wrhite basal spot: beneath paler 

40. SEEP nor HAGM.. 
105 

and rather purer cinereous: under wing-coverts pale cinereous; 

bill and feet dark horn-colour: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*3, 

tail 1*1. Female similar, hut vertical spot not so well marked. 

Hab. S. Brazil, Paraguay, La Plata, and Northern Patagonia. 

a. $ ad.sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll 
b,c. d $ ad. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. II. Durnford fG.1 
sk. L J 

d. Jad.sk. Punta Lara,Buenos Ayres (White). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
e. d$ad.sk. Coaquin, Cordoba, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{White). 
f. g. Ad. sk. La Plata. Selater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. Bir W. Burnett [P.], 
i. <$ ad. sk. Eio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Purchased. 
6. Serphophaga subflava. 
Serphophaga subflava, Scl. et Salv. No-mend, pp. 47,158. 
Above olive-brown; cap brownish; lores whitish; wings and tail 
brown ; wing-coverts and external secondaries edged with whitish: 
beneath uniform yellowish, more olivaceous on the flanks; under 
wing-coverts pale yellow: whole length 4*4 inches, wing 1-8, 
tail 1-9. 

Hab. Yicinity of Para, Brazil. 

The single specimen on which this species was founded remains 
unique. The wholly yellow under surface distinguishes it from all 
its congeners. 

a. Ad. sk. Para, Brazil (Wallace). Sclatex Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
7. Serphophaga parvirostris. 
Tyrannula parvirostris, Gould, in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle/ iii. p. 48. 
Myiobius parvirostris, Gray, ibid. ; Gay, Faun. CM. Am, p. 341. 
Serpophaga parvirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B, p. 212; id. P. Z. S. 18(37, 

p! 327$ Sol. et Salv. Nomencl p. 47; iid. Ibis, 1868, p. 185. 

Above dull brown; head and nape dark cinereous ; car-coverts 
blackish; wings and tail blackish, with rufous edgings to the wing-
coverts and outer secondaries: beneath pale cinereous; throat and 
lower belly more whitish; under wing-coverts pale yellowish; inner 
margins of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill dark flesh-colour; feet 
black: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2. Female similar. 

Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Terra del Puego, and Bolivia. 

a b Ad. sk. Santiago, Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
cl 
Ad sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Chili. 
Valparaiso, Chili. 
T. Bridges [0.1 
C Darwin [C.]. 
e. Ad.sk Chili. . Selater Coll. 
f Ad sk.
J' Aa ' 
Santa Cruz, Patagonia. 0. Darwin [C.]. 
(Type of the species.) 
o Ad skJt ' ' 
St. Martin's Cove, Patagonia. Lt. A. Smith, K.N. 
[**•]• 
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Selater Coll. 

106 
TYRANNTDJE. 

41. AlOERETES. Type> 
Anairetes, Reichenb. Av. S. N. t. lsvi. (1850) A. parulus. 

Tho genus Anceretes contains a series of about seven small species 
with crested head, striped plumage, and much compressed bill. 
They are said to be Tit-like in their habits. 

They are found mostly in the Patagonian Region, but extend 
along the range of the Andes into Ecuador. 

Key to the Bjpecies. 

A. Tail about equal to wings; squared. 
a. 
Bill black, uniform. 
j Smaller: belly yellowish 1. parulus, p. 106. 
I Larger: belly white 2. fernandezianus, p. 107. 
b. Bill reddish or yellowish at the base. 
(Larger; back black, striated with 
< white 3. albicristatus, p. 107. 
( Smaller: back olive-brown 4. Jlanrostm, p. 108. 
B. Tail much longer than wings, graduated . 5. agilis, p. 108. 
1. Anseretes parulus. 
Muscicapa parulus, Kittl Mem. pris. Acad, PetersL i. p. 100, pi 9 

(1831). 
Sylvia bloxami, J. E. Gray, Zool Misc. 1831, p. 11. 
Culicivora parulus, Zafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 57; WOrb. Voy., 

Ois. p. 332; Gay, Faun. CHI., Aves, p. 343. 
Serpbopbaga parula, Gould, in Zool. Voy.i Beagle^ iii. p. 49; ScL 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554. 
Euscarthmus parulus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 184. 
Regulus plumulosus, Peak, U.S. Explor. Exp. p. 94, pi. 25. 
Anseretes parulus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 54; ScL Cat. A. 
B. p. 212 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 327, 338, et 1872, pp. 543, 549; 
ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 432, et 1879, 
p. 613; iid. Zool. Chalk Exp. viii. p. 101 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 535, et 1880, p. 202; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 239; Burm. La-Plata 
Beise, ii. p. 455; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8; White, P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 39 (rep. Arg.); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423; Dumford, Ibis, 
1877, p. 34, et 1878, p. 395; Sol. et Buds. Arg. Orn. I p. 141. 
Anasretes parulus sequatoriahs, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 206, 
et 1885, p. 123. 

Above cinereous, with an olivaceous tint on the lower back; 
head black, front varied with white; elongated vertical crest black, 
sometimes varied with white; wings blackish, with slight whitish 
tips to the coverts and whitish margins to the outer secondaries; tail 
blackish, outer web of external rectrix whitish: beneath pale strawcolour, 
white on the throat; throat and breast with numerous and 
well-marked black striations; under wing-coverts pale stramineous; 
bill and feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*8. 
Fern-ale similar, but crest shorter. 

Hob. Argentine Republic, Chili, Bolivia, Peru, and Andes of 
Ecuador. 

41 . ANiBRETES. 
107 

a. 2 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Ley-Sah in-0 odnian Coil. 
bold).

b. Ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson). Sclatcr Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Zool. Soc. Coll 
d. Ad. sk. Malaspina I, Patagonia. Dr. Coppingor [0.1 
$ ad. sk. Puerto Bueno, Patagonia. < Challenger' iixp. 
/• Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
9-6 ad. sk. Talcahuano, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. 2 ad. sk. Vic. of Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. C. Darwin [0.]. 
jf. J ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. Jardine Coll. 
k, L Ad. sk. Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll. 
rc. Ad. sk. Mnabamba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
o. J ad. sk. Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
£, r. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmcmn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. 
Ad. sk. Valley of Lloa, Ecuador (Jame-Jardine Coll. 
so?i). 
w. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Bogota (?). 
Purchased. 
w. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Purchased. 
#. Ad, st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 

2. Anssretes fernandezianus. 
Culicivora fernandeziana, BHlippi, Wiegm. Arch. 1857, pt. i. p. 2G3; 

Phil, et Landb. Cat. Aves CM. p. 22. 

Euscarthmus fernandezianus, Gray, Hand-l i. p. 351. 

Anssretes fernandezianus, Scl. Ibis, 1871, p. 170, t. vii. fig. 1: Sol. et 

Sah. JP. Z. S. 1878, p. 432; iid. Mmend. p. 47; iid. Zool Chatt. 

Exp. viii. p. 101 ; Sato. Ibis, 1875, p. 37G; id. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423 j 

Reed, Ibis, 1874; p. 82. 

Above dark cinereous; elongated vertical crest black, mixed with 
white at the base• wings blackish, with slight whitish tips to the 
wing-coverts and margins to the outer secondaries; tail brownish 
black; outer web of external rectrix white: beneath white, densely 
striated with black on the throat and breast; under wing-coverts 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 24, 
tail 2*3* Female similar, but crest not so large. 

Hah. Juan Fernandez Island. 
At once recognizable from A. panilus by its much larger size, 
greyer back, and whiter belly. 

a, b. <$ 2 ad. sk. Juan Fernandez (Heed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c,d. 3 2 ad. sk. Juan Fernandez. Sclater Coll. 

e,f. Ad.sk. Juan Fernandez (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g-j. $ ad. sk. Juan Fernandez. ' Challenger' Exp. 

h. Ad. sk. Juan Fernandez. H. Cuming. 
3. Anaeretes albocristatus. 
Tyrannulus albocristatus, Fig. Zool. Journ. 1829, v. p. 273. 
Culicivora reguloides, Lap. et cPOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 57; a Orb. Voy., 
Ois. p. 332, pi. 37.fig. 1. 

108 
TYKANNID2E. 

Vermivora elegans, Less. Voy. Tliet. ii. p. 323. 
Euscarthmus reguloides, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 166. 
Euscartlmius albocristatus, Bjp. Consp. i. p. 184 
Anraretes albocristatus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Scl. Cat. 


A. B. p. 212; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 498, et 1873, p. 780; Scl. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 987, et 1808, p. 569 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535,1879, p. 233; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 241. 
Above black, with white striations; wings and tail black, edged 
with white; vertical patch white, surmounted by a thin black 
crest; sides of head black: beneath white, striated with black on 
the breast and throat; under wing-coverts white; bill reddish, 
tipped with black; feet black : whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2-2, 
tail 2. Female similar, but crest not so long. 

Hab. Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru ( Whitdy). Sclater Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru {Whitdy). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. cJ ad. sk. Islay, Peru (Whitdy). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
<5 ad. sk. Calanudos Valley, S.W. Peru Sclater Coll. 
{Whitdy). 
e. S a<i. sk. Chata, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll. 
4. Anseretes flavirostris. 
Aaseretesflavirostris, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, et 1879, p. 613; 
Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 142. 

Above brownish olive; head black mixed with white, and surmounted 
by narrow, elongated, black crest-feathers ; wings blackish, 
with broad white tips to the coverts and margins to the outer 
secondaries; tail blackish, outer web of external rectrix whitish.: 
beneath pale stramineous; throat and breast white, densely striated 
with black; under wing-coverts white ; bill yellowish, with a black 
tip ; feet black : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2. 

Hab. Bolivia and Northern La Plata. 
This species is most like A. parulus in general appearance, but 
at once distinguishable by its yellow bill. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk, Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(White). 
5. Anaeretes agilis. 
Euscarthmus agilis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, pi. 118. 
Anaeretes agilis, Cab. et Eein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. 


p. 212; Scl. et Salv. No-mend. p. 47; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 242; 
Tacz. et Berk P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89 (Ecuador). 
Above olive-brown, striated with blackish; head subcrested, 
black; lores and superciliary stripes varied with white; wings and 
tail blackish brown, with slight paler margins: beneath, pale strami


42 . CYANOTIS. 10!) 
neons, throat and breast with narrow black striations ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; bill black, reddish at the base; loot dark 
flesh-colour : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 2-8. 

Hab. Colombia. 
The long tail and lengthened tarsi at once distinguish this 
species, which might well be gcnerically separated, but is certainly 
closely allied to Anceretes. 

a. Ad. s t Bogota. Sclater doll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godinau Coll. 

Subfamily III. ELAINEINiB. 

In the Elaineince or Olive-Tyrants the bill, instead of being expanded 
laterally and much bristled, as in the Platyrhywhiyiee, is 
compressed, and in most cases very sparingly provided with rictal 
setse. The feet are feeble, the wings generally short, and the structure 
is generally adapted for arboreal life. 

The general colour of these birds is of olive-green and sombre 
brown, in conformity with that of the dense forests to which they 
mostly resort. But the bright-tinted and reed-frequenting Cyanotis 
is aberrant both in colour and habits. 

The Elaineince are distributed over the whole of the Neotropical 
Begion, one species only (OmitMon imberbe) having been as yet 
ascertained to occur within the limits of the ISTearctic Eegion. 

Index to the Genera. 

42. CYANOTIS, p. 109. 52. EMPIDAGKA, p. 154. 
43. MIONEOTES, p. 111. 53. LEGATITS, p. 155. 
44. LEPTOPOGON, p. 114. 54. SUBLEG/ATTJS, p. 157. 
45. CAPSIEMPIS, p. 120. 55. MYIOZETETES, p. 159. 
46. PHYLLOMYIAS, p. 121. 56. RHYNCHOUYCLUH, p. 165. 
47. MYIOPATIS, p. 123. 57. CONOPIAS, p. 173. 
48. OBNITHION, p. 125. 58. TITAN GTJS, p. 174. 
49. TYRANNTJLTJS, p. 128. 59. SIBYSTES, p. 181. 
50. TYBAKNISCUS, p. 130. CO. MYIODYNASTES, p. 182. 
51. ELAINEA, p. 136. 
42. CYANOTIS. ™ 
Type. 
Cyanotis, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 243 (1837) C. azaras. 
Tachuris, Lafr. etffiOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 55 (1837) C. azawe. 

In Cyanotis the constriction of the bill and the smoothness of 
the rictus are carried to an extreme which is unparalleled among 
other Tyrannidae; and although there is little doubt that the affinities 
of Cyanotis are with this family, it is certainly a most anomalous 
form, both in structure and colour, and must, I think, eventually 
be allowed the rank of a distinct subfamily, For the present, I 

110 TYKAKJSTDiE. 

place it at one end of the fflaineince, where it is certainly more 
naturally stationed than with the Platyrhynchince. 
Cyanotis is found only in the reed-beds of the temperate portion 
of South America. 


1. Cyanotis azarse. 
El rey, Azara, Aptmt. ii. p. 72. 

Sylvia rubigastra, Vieill. JSTouv. Diet. si. p. 277 (1817); id. JEnc. 

Meth. p. 480. 

" Iiegulus azarse, Zicht." Naum. Vog. Deutschl iii. p. 966 (1823). 

Begulus omnicolor, Vieill. Gal Ois. i. p. 271, pi. 166 (1825). 

Regulus byronensis, J. E. Gray, in Griff, Anim. Kmgd. ii. p. 42. 

Tachuris omnicolor, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Ai\ i. p. 55. 

Tachuris rabrigastra, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 383. 

Cyanotis omnicolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 185 ; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 34, 

et 1878, p. 395 (rep. Arg.). 
Cyanotis azarse, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Scl. Cat. A. B. 

p. 212 ; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 99, et 1867, pp. 327, 338; Scl et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 159; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 535, et 1879, p. 233 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 243; Bumf. Ibis, 1876, 
p. 160, et 1877, p. 177 (rep. Arg.)j Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 32 
(rep. Arg.) ; White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 (rep. Arg.); Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423 (Chili); Barrows, Bidl. Butt. Orn. CI. viii. 
p. 200 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 142. 
Above dark bronzy green ; head black; superciliaries yellow ; 
vertical spot crimson ; wings black, broad tips of the lesser wing-
coverts and broad edgings of some of the secondaries white, forming 
a large whits bar on the wing: tail black, greater part of outer 
pair of reetrices, outer web, and broad tip of next pair and narrow 
tips of third pair white : beneath bright ochraceous yellow; chin 
whitish ; erissum crimson ; incomplete band across the lower breast 
black; under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark fleshcolour 
: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*7. Female 
similar. 

Hah. La Plata, Chili, and Western Peru. 

a, b. S2 ad. sk. Buenos Ayres ( White). Salvin-Goaman Coll. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hud- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
son). 
d. $ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
e. Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. C. Durnford [C.]. 
/. § ad. sk. Bio Negro of Patagonia. W. Hudson [C.]. 
g. S ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Chili (Peed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*i-k. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
Z-m. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
n. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll. 
43 . MIONECTES. 
Ill 
43. ICIONECTES. 
Typo. 
Mionectes, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 275 M. striaticollis. 
Pipromorpha, Bp. (ev MS. Skiff.)} Ann. d. Se. Nat Zool. 

vol. i. p. 184 (1854) M. oleaginous. 
In this little group of two sections, both of which are widely 
diffused over the tropical portions of the Neotropical Eegion, the 
bill is much constricted, and the rictus very smooth, the setae being-
small and inconspicuous. The tarsi are short and feeble ; and the 
divisions of the anterior scutella aro generally well apparent. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. 
Abdomen yellowish. 
| Head more or less cinereous 1. striaticollis, p. 111. 
I Head olive like the back 2, olivaceus, p. 112. 
B. Abdomen rufous. 
I Head olive 3. oleagmem, p. 112. 
(Head grey 4. rufiventris, p. 114. 
1. Monectes striaticollis. 
Muscicapa striaticollis, dJOrh. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 51. 
Muscicapara striaticollis, dJOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 823, pi. 35.fig. 2. 
Mionectes striaticollis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 187 ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 213; 

Scl et Sah. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358,1868, p. 628,1879, pp. 512, 613 ; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 47; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 328; Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535, 1879, p. 233, et 1882, p. 19; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 244; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 296, et 1885, pp. 90, 
115,120. 
Mionectes poliocephalus, Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 148, pi. 10.fig. 1. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail ashy brown, edged with olive; 
head grey : beneath yellowish, striated with dark green ; throat dark 
cinereous, with white striatums; middle of belly yellow; under 
wing-coverts pale yellowish; inner margins of wing-feathers pale 
rufous ; bill and feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 
2*3. Female similar. 

Hcib, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Jr. sk.
(Buckley). 
Tilotilo, Yungas,
(Buckley). 
Tamiapampa, Peru 
Bolivia 
(SiolzSclater 
Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h9 i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
matin). 
Medellin, TJ. S. C. ( 
Santa Elena, AU. S. 0. (Salmon), 
Santa Elena, Antio 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota.
Salmon).
ntioquia,
quia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salmon [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

112 TTEAKNIDJS. 

2. Mionectes olivaceus. 
Mionectes olivaceus, Laivr. Ann. L. N. T. ix. p. Il l (1868); Frantz. 
J.f. 0. 1869; p. 307; Sate. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196 j Scl et Sate, 
Nomencl p. 47; Bidgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 414; Berl et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 115. 
Mionectes striaticollis, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144, et I860, p. 93 
(Ecuador). 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive: 
beneath yellowish, with numerous green striations ; middle of belly 
not striated; under wing-coverts yellowish; inner webs of remiges 
rufous; bill dark, with carneous base; feet brown: whole length 
5 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-3. Female similar. 

Hah. Costa Eica, Veragua, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

In Colombia and Ecuador this form grades into M. striaticoUis, 
and it is difficult to decide under which head to place some of the 

specimens. 
a. Ad. sk. Buena Vista, Costa Rica (CarSalvin-
Godman OoU. 
b. Ad. sk.
miol). 
Barranca, Costa Rica {CarSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
miol). 
c. <$ ad. sk.
d. § ad. sk.
e,f Ad. sk.
g, h. Ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
j . $ ad. sk. 
Chitra, Veragua (Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arci). 
Veragua {Arce). 
Veragua (ArcS). 
Vole, of Chiriqui (ArcS). 
Lion Hill St., Panama 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.I 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k,l. 6 $ ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n, o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t. $ ad. sk.
(McZeannan). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Jirna, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
San Esteban, Venezuela 
Sclater Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
u, J ad. sk.
(Goering). 
San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 

3. Mionectes oleagiaeus. 
Muscicapa oleaginea, Licht. Doubl p. 55. 
Mionectes oleagineus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 148; Burnt. 
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 482; Bp. Consp. i. p. 187 j Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, 

p. 296, 1858, p. 71, 1859, p. 45, et 1860, p. 283; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 213; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 85; Scl et Sate. P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 188, 1867, pp. 577, 751,978,1873, p. 278, et 1879, pp. 512, 613; 
iid. JSfomencl. p. 47 ; Sate. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147, et 1870, p. 196; 
id. Ibis, 1885, p, 293 (Brit. Guiana); tawr. Ann. L. K Y. ix. 
pp. 89, 111; Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 307; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 104; 
Bayard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382 ; Boucard, P. Z. & 1878, p. 63 ; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19 j id. Orn. Ptr. ii. p. 245; Bidgw. P. U.S. & 
M. vi. p. 402; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553, et 1885, p. 68; 
Berl J.f. 0.1884, p. 299. 
43 . MIONECTES. 
113 

Pipromorpha oleaginea, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 55. 
Mionectea assimilis, Scl. JP. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 46, 360; id. Ibis, 
1859, p. 445; id. Cat A. B. p. 213; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1850, 

p. 124; iid. F. Z. 8. 1870, p. 837 ; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 328, 
ix. p. Ill 5 Frantz. I.f. 0. 1869, p. 307. 
Above uniform olive-green; wings and tail blackish with olive 
edgings : beneath rather lighter, abdomen yellowish rufous ; under 
wing-coverts ochraceous; bill carneous, base of lower mandible and 
feet brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-1. Female 
similar. 

Hab. Guatemala and Central and South America down to Amazonia 
and S.E. Brazil. 
I have formerly separated the rather paler Central-American 
form as M, assimilis, but the difference is hardly appreciable in many 

eases. 

a. Ad. sk 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. 
Ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. 
j. 
<$ ad. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
L Ad. sk. 
m. J ad. sk. 
n. 
Ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p, q< 6 $ ad. 
sk. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. $ ad. sk, 
h. 
S ad. sk. 
i. § ad. sk. 
j, 
k. S $ ad. 

sk. 

I 
Ad. sk. 

?n. Ad. sk. 

n-r. Ad. sk. 

s. 
Ad. sk. 
VOL. XIV. 
a. 
Subsp. assimilis. 
Mexico (?). 
Belize (Blancaneaux). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin), 
Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Vole, de Agua, Guatemala (Sal


vin). 

Guatemala. 
Vera Paz. 
Guiatic, Costa Pica (Car?niol). 
Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). 
Santa F6, Veragua (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Panama (Hughes). 
Panama (McLeannan). 


b. Subsp. typica. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hawxwell). 


Chamicuros, E. Peru (Hawxioell). 
Roraima,British Guiana( Whitely), 
Merume Mts., British Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Camacusa, British Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Bartica Grove, British Guiana 

(Wliitely). 

Cayenne. 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Tobago {Kirk). 
Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace). 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

O. Salvin [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Jardine Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

I 

114 TTKAKNIDJE. 
t. <$ ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w. Ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk. 
Para {Laijard). 
Guia, Rio Negro {Wallace). 
Borba, R Madeira {Natterer). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll. 
z, a'. Ad. at. Brazil. Purchased. 

4. Monectes rufiventris. 
Muscicapa rufiventris, Licht. in Mus. Berol 
Miouectes rufiventris, Cab. in Tsck. F. P., Aves, p. 148; Burm. Syst. 
TJeb. ii. p. 482; id. La-Plata JReise, ii. p. 454; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 104; Scl. et JSalv. NomencL p. 47 j BerL et J her. Zeitschr. ges. 
Orn. 1885, p. 131. 
Above olive-green, whole head washed with cinereous; wings and 
tail blackish brown, with yellowish-olive edgings: beneath, throat 
pale cinereous, abdomen ochraccoas rufous; "bill dark, carneous at 
the base; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*2. 
Female similar. 
Hah. S.E. Brazil and N. La Plata. 

Only different from M. oleagineus in its grey throat and head. 

a. c? ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (batterer.) Sclater Coll. 
b. £ 
ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
(Joyner). 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
44. 
LEPTGPOGKM* m 
Type. 
Leptopogon, Cab, Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 275.. L. superciliaris. 

In Leptopogon the bill resembles that of Mionectes^ but the rictal 
setae are much more dense and better developed. The tarsi are 
short and feeble. The tail is rather long. Leptopogoyi is spread 
over all the Neotropical Region, from Southern Mexico to the 
Argentine Republic. 

Key to the Species, 

A. 
Breast yellowish olive or yellow; no 
black front. 
a. Cap grey. 
a'. Wing-bands ochraceous: 
a". Lower mandible black. 
I Larger 1. mpei^ciliaris, p. 115. 
I Smaller % minor, p. 115. 

b". Lower mandible white 3. pcecilotis, p. 116. 
b'. Wing-bands yellow 4. godmani, p. 116. 

 SPeCi6S 1 a^Uainted

Orlp^ifJS ^ ^ With:-Z. ntfyectus, Tacz. 

44. LBPTOPoeoN. 
115 

b. Cap brown: 
i cap darker brown 5, piUatm, p. 110. 
1 cap lighter brown 0. amauroceplialm, p. 117. 
e. Cap darkish olive 
7. tristis p, ' m 
a. Cap olive, like tlie back. 
cheeks JeUow

i ^W*> 
B. oustaletl p. 118. 

I Smaller j cheeks olivaceous 9. flavovirem, p. 110. 

B. Breast rufous ; no black front 10. erythrops, p. 110. 
C. Breast greyish white; front black 11. nigrifrons, p. 119. 
1. Leptopogon superciliaris. 
Leptopogon superciliaris, 
Cab. in Tsck Faun. Per. p. 101. pi. 10. 
fig. 2; Bp. Consp. i. p. 186; Mater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71. et 1800, 

p. 69; id. Cat. A.B. p. 214; Scl. et Salv. NomencL p. 47; iid. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 613; Salv. P. Z 8. 1870, p. 107 ; id. Ibis, 1870, 
p. 115; Tacz. P. Z. S.1874, p. 536, et 1882, p. 19; id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 246; Tacz. et Perl P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 68, 89. 
Leptopogon poliocephalus, Cab. et Rein. Mm. Rein. ii. p. 55 
(Bogota). 
Leptopogon auritus, Tacz. P.Z.8.1874, pp. 134, 536, et 1882, p. 19. 
Leptopogon superciliaris transandeanus, Perl et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, 

p. 537, et 1885, p. 122, 
Above olive-green ; cap dark cinereous; lores, superciliarics, and 
eye-region whitish; ear-coverts black; wings blackish, broad tips of 
the two rows of wing-coverts ochraceons yellow, forming two 
distinct bands; edges of remiges yellowish; tail dark ashy, with 
slight indications of darker transverse rays, margined with olive: 
beneath pale lemon-yellow, throat greyish, breast and flanks somewhat 
olivaceous ; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins of 
remiges bufTy white; bill dark plumbeous; feet brown; whole length 
4*6 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2-5. Female similar. 

Hub. Costa Eica, Yeragua, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and 

Bolivia. 
a. Ad. sk,
b c. $ % ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad.' sk.
/. Ad. sk.
o 9 ad. sk.
h Ad. sk.
**Ad sk.
/ Ad sk.
% Ak skI'm. Ad.sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). 
Vole, of Chiriqui (Arte). 
Chiriqui (ArcS). 
BaJzar Mnts., Ecuador (II-
UngiDortli). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
BioNapo. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Huarobo, Peru (Stohmann) 
Kawarani, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sarvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 

2. Leptopogon minor. 
Leptopogon minor, Tacz. P.Z8. 1879, p. 233; id. Orn. P6r. ii. 
,247. 

2 

116 TTRANEIDJE. 

Similar to L. superciliaris, but smaller in size, and head not so 
dark: whole length 4 inches, wing 2'4, tail 2-1. 
Eab. Peru. 

a. $ ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
3. Leptopogon poBcilotis. 
Leptopogon pcecilotis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. Ill; id. Cat. A. JB. 
p. B60-, Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 47; iid. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 512; 
Tacz. et Perl. P. Z. S 1885, pp. 68, 89. 
Above olive-green; cap plumbeous: lores and sides of head 
whitish; ear-coverts black, with basal half white; wings blackish, 
with olive margins to the remiges, and the wing-coverts broadly 
tipped with ochraceons yellow, forming two cross bands (as in 

L. superciliaris); tail brown, with slight olivaceous edgings: beneath 
nearly uniform pale yellow, with slight olivaceous tinge, and 
greyish on the chin: bill brown, lower mandible white; feet pale 
brown: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2*2. Female 
(probably) similar 
Bab. Colombia. 
Distinguished from L. superciliaris by its smaller size, the absence 
of white superciliaries, and the pale lower mandible. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 

4. Leptopogon godmani. 
Leptopogon godniani, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 48. 
Above olive-green; cap dark grey; lores, superciliaries, and sides 
of face mixed with whitish; ear-coverts yellow, with a black 
terminal spot; wings blackish, with two yellow cross-bands on the 
coverts and yellowish edgings to the outer secondaries, the remaining 
remiges margined with bright olive; tail ashy brown, 
with olive edgings : beneath sulphur-yellow, with slight olivaceous 
tinge on the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow; 
bill dark horn-colour, feet brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, 
tail 2. 

Hab. Ecuador. 
Distinguished from L. superciliaris and L. pcecilotis by its smaller 
size, yellow wing-bands, and shorter broader bill. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

5. Leptopogon pileatus. 
Leptopogon amaurocephalus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 384 (Mexico) • 
44 . LEPTOPOGON. 
117 

*?• (%-/'*-&?1B 5 &* <* ^ - ^M , I860, p. 300 (Guatemala) ; 

zw*. P. Z A 1864, p. 358 (Panama). " 
Leptopogon pileatus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1805, p. 414 (Guatemala); M; . 
Ibis, 1869, p. 319; id. P. ^ & 1870, p. 107 (Veragua). 

Above olive-green; whole cap dark chocolate-brown, lores paler; 
wings and tail blackish brown, with ochraceous tips to the wing-
coverts (forming a double cross-band) and more or less yellowish-
olive edgings to the other feathers: beneath yellowish olive, clearer 
on the belly; under wing-coverts yellowish; inner margins of 
remiges ochraceous; bill dark plumbeous; feet brown: whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Eab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama. 

a. J ad. sk. Oaxaea, Mex. (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
b, e. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk.
h. j ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Vera Paz. 
Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Honduras. 
Valza, Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). 
San Pablo Stn., Panama (Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0. Salvin [0.1 
Twecddale Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

6. Leptopogon amaurocephalTis. 
Leptopogon amaurocephala, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. l&E* i. p. 251; 
id. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 1621; Bj), Consp. i. p. 186; Cab.l J 
et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 55 ; JERwr. Ann. L. N. Y. viir 

p. 328; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit. 
Guiana); Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567, et 1873, p. 278 
(E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47; Tacz. P. £ & 1874, p. 53. 
Euscarthmus amauroeephalus, Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 491. 
Leptopogon peruvianus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 757, et 1873, 
p. 278; iid. Nomencl p. 47; Ridgw. P. U. S. N M. iv. p. 176; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 248. 
Similar to L. pileatus, but rather smaller, and the cap of a 

lighter brown. 
Eab. Brazil, Guiana, and E. Peru. 
It is difficult to keep the Guianan examples of this species 

separate from L. pileatus, but the head is rather paler in colour. 
The skin upon which L. peruvianus was based is small in dimensions, 
but the tint of the brown head is exactly that of Guianan 
specimens, and intermediate between that of L. pileatus and 

L. amauroceplitilus. 
a. Subsp. peruviana, 
a 
Ad sk. Ohyavetas. E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type 
J ' 0f X. perumanus.) 

6. Ad. sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons. E, Bartlett [0.]. 
c,d. <$ ad.; Koraima,BritishGuiana(TTto^). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. % ad\sk ' Roraima British Guiana(TFM^). Sclater Coll. 
11 8 TYRA.NNIDiB. 
« Pad sk. Merume* Mts., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

b. Subsp. typica* 
a. cf ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wueherer). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
? d. Juv. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 

7. Leptopogon tristis. 
Leptopogon, sp. inc., ScL Cat. A. B. p. 214. 
Leptopogon tristis, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 254, et 1879, 
pp. 589, 613 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 606. 

Above olive; cap rather darker; wings and tail blackish, 
margined with olive, the two rows of wing-coverts and three or four 
outer secondaries with clear yellowish-white apical spots : beneath 
pale sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts yellow; inner margins of 
wing-feathers whitish; bill horn-colour, lower mandible paler; 
feet brown: whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2*1. 

Hab. Bolivia. 

The wing-bands are clear yellowish in this species, and not 
ochraceous. It is somewhat doubtful whether specimen a is really 
the same as &, which must be regarded as the type. Specimen a is 
probably from Venezuela, whence there is a similar skin in Graf v. 
Berlepsch's collection. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America (imperfect). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
8. Leptopogon oustaleti. 
Leptopogon oustaleti, Sel. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47, t. ix. fig. 2. 
Above olive-green; narrow rim round the eye yellow; large 
auricular spot black; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with 
olive ; bend of the wing yellow; outer secondaries with a slight 
white terminal spot: beneath pale yellowish, washed with olive, 
brighter on the throat and on the middle of the belly ; under wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow; upper mandible horn-colour; lower 
whitish; feet brown : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2-5. 

Hab. Colombia. 

This well-marked species is easily known by the cap being 
uniform with the back, the yellow rim round the eye, and the well-
marked auricular spot. The type is in the Paris Museum. 

44. LEPTOPoaosr. 
9. Leptopogon flavovirens. 
Tyrannula flaviventris, Laiur. Ann. L. JSF. T. vii. p. 328. 
Leptopogon flavovirens, Lawr, op. cit. p. 472 (1862), 

Above bright olive-green; crown uniform; rim round the eye 
and spot on the ear-coverts yellow, the latter margined with 
blackish; wings blackish ; two well-marked bars across the coverts 
pale yellowish; primaries narrowly edged with olivaceous; tail 
cinereous brown, margined with olivaceous : beneath pale sulphur-
yellow ; throat more whitish; sides of breast tinged with olivaceous; 
under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow; bill dark brown ; base 
of lower mandible pale; feet blackish: whole length 4*2 inches, 
wing 2-2, tail 2. 

Hah. Panama. 

A single specimen is in Mr. Lawrence's collection. 

10. Leptopogon erythrops. (Plate X.) 
Leptopogon erythrops, Sclater, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. Ill; id. Cat. A. P. 
p. 360; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 47; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 512; 
Tacz. et Perl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89 (Ecuador). 
Above olive; cap plumbeous ; lores rufous; wings blackish, with 
rufescent apical spots on the coverts and margins to the remiges: 
beneath, throat and breast rufous; belly pale sulphur-yellow; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of remiges clear ochraceous; bill 
dark horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 5*1 inches, wing 2*6, 
tail 2-2. Female similar. 
Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 
An unmistakable species from its clear rufous breast. 

a, h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
e,f. $ $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (SalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
mon). 

11. Leptopogon nigrifrons. 
Leptopogon 
nigrifrons, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 446; Salvin, 
Ibis, 1885, p. 293. 

Above bright olive-green; cap cinereous; broad and distinct 
frontal band black, with a slight whitish edging before and behind 
it; wings and tail black, with narrow margins of bright olive, and 
a row of bright whitish-yellow spots on the coverts of the secondaries 
and outer secondaries themselves; the coverts of the primaries 
blackish: beneath greyish white, with a slight yellowish tinge on 
the flanks, crissum, and under wing-coverts; bill black ; feet brown : 
whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2-5. 
Hah. British Guiana. 

120 TYRAJTOttDJS. 

The black front and greyish-white under surface at once distinguish 
this well-marked species. 

a. § ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana ( Whitely). Sab in-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
45. CAPSIEMPIS. 
Type. 
Capsiempis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 56 (1859) C. flaveola. 
Capsiempis flaveola is widely diffused over the forest-clad part of 

the Neotropical Eegion from Veragua to S.E. Brazil. 0. orhitalis 
is peculiar to Peru. The form comes near Leptopogon, but has a 
broader bill and rather more bristly rictus. In colour it is very 
like Phylloscartus. The tail is long and rounded. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Without a white eye-ring 1. flaveola, p. 120. 
B. With a white eye-ring 2. orbitalis, p. 121. 
1. Capsiempis flaveola. 
Muscicapa flaveola, Licht. JDoubl. p. 56 (1823). 

Muscipeta flaveola, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 488. 

Capsiempis flaveola, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56 ; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 214; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 47; Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 88; Bed. et Taoz. P.Z.S. 1883, 
pp. 537, 554, et 1885, p. 90. 
Platvrhynchus flaviventris, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 12, pi. xv. fig. 1 
(1825). 
Tyrarmula modesta, Szv. Orn. Dr. pi. 48. 
Elainea semiflava, Laior. Ann. L. N. T. viii. p. 177r, et ix. p. 89 

(Veragua); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1874, 

p. 309. 
Above yellowish olive; lores and slight superciliary streak 
yellowish; wings and tail dark brown, edged with yellowish olive; 
spots at ends of wing-coverts yellowish and forming two transverse 
bands : beneath sulphur-yellow: sides somewhat olivaceous; under 
wing-coverts pale yellow; bill and feet dark brown : whole length 
4*4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 2*1. Female similar. 

Hob. Veragua and southwards to S.E. Brazil. 

. Ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
V. Ad. sk.
h. Ad.sk. 
Bogota. 
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Ecuador. 
Cayenne. 
Mexiana, Lower Amazons (Wallace). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

46 . PHTLLOMYIAS. 
121 

i. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
/. Ad. sk. 
h Ad. sk. 
1. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bakia, Brazil ( Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
m, n. Ad.sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Bolivia. 
Sclater Coll. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 

2. Capsiempis orbitalis. 
Capsiempis orbitalis, Cab. J.f. 0. 1873. p. G8: Tacz. P.Z. S. 1874, 
p. 536 j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 250. 
Above green, beneath yellow mixed with greenish; crown dark 
ashy grey, front bright whitish mixed with yellowish green ; cheeks 
yellowish green mixed with dark olive-green ; a row of milk-white 
feathers round the eye, and behind them a short, obsolete, whitish 
stripe; tips of wing-coverts whitish yellow-green, forming two 
bands; outer secondaries with similar outer margins; bill above 
black, beneath pale yellowish; feet plumbeous: whole length 4 
inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*7. (Oahanis.) 

Rah. Central Peru. 

46. PHYLLOMYIAS*. „ 
Type. 
Phyllomyias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 57 (1859). P. brevirostris. 
This well-marked little group is remarkable for its short triangular-

shaped bill and the great feebleness of the rictal bristles. The 
four species which I assign to it are all from SJE. Brazil, but others 
are said to occur in Peru. 

A. 
Cap olive like the back: 
J throat greyish white 1. brevirostris, p. 121. 
(throat yellowish like breast 2. burmeistei-i, p. 122. 
B. 
Cap grey: 
J larger: ends of wing-coverts yellowish .. 3. yriseocapilla, p. 122. 
j smaller: ends of wing-coverts whitish.... 4. herlepsohi, p. 123. 
1. Phyllomyias brevirostris. 
Platyrhynchus brevirostris. Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 13, pi. 15. fig. 2. 
Muscipeta asilus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 894. 
Muscicapa virescens, Temm. PI. Col. 275. fig. 3. 
Tyrannula virescens, Temm. Tabl. Metli. p. 27. 
Muscicapa olivacea, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 54. 
Muscicapara boliviana, ffOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 328. 


* I am not acquainted with the following species apparently belonging to 
this genus:— 
1. PhyUomyias virescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 105, from Brazil. 
2. Phyllomyias cristata, Cab. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 250. 
3. PJiyllomyms cinereocapilla, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 67; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 536; id. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 251 (Peru). 
122 
TrBAlOTIDJE. 

Leptopogon olivacens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186. 
Muscicapa pusio, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Phyllomyias brevirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57; Scl. 


Cat. A. B. p. 214; Belz. Orn. Bras. p. 105; Scl. et Salv. NOIWJICL 

p. 48} Cab. J.f. 0.1874, p. 88; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 
1885, p. 131. 
Above olive-green; narrow front, lores, and eye-region whitish; 
wings and tail dark brown with olivaceous edgings; the ends of the 
wing-coverts lighter and somewhat oehraceons, forming two transverse 
bands: beneath yellow, more olivaceous on the breast; throat 
greyish white; under wing-coverts pale yellow; bill and feet 
blackish: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2*1. Female 
similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater ColL 

c. $ 
ad. sk. Pelotas, Kio Grande do Salvin-GodmanColl. 
Sul (joyner). 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Phyllomyias burmeisterL 
Elainea brevirostris, Burin. Syst. "Ueb. ii. p. 479. 
Phyllomyias burmeisteri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57; Scl. 
Cat. A. B. p. 214; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 48. 
Phyllomyias subviridis, Belz. Orn. Bras. p. 105. 

Above similar to P. hrevirostris; beneath of a nearly uniform 
yellowish ; lower mandible lighter brown. 

Hah. S.E.Brazil. 

I have compared specimen I with the type of P. burmeisteri in the 
Berlin Museum, and believe them to be the same. The species is 
very close to the preceding, and requires further investigation. 

a. 
<3 ad. sk. Kio, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
speeimen of P. subviridis.) 
b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
3. Phyllomyias griseocapilla. 
Tyrannula griseocapilla, Zafr. MS. 

Phyllomyias griseocapilla, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 382, pi. sxxvi. fig. 2; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 214; Scl. et Salv. Nommcl. p. 48: Cab. J. f. 0. 
1874, p. 88. 

Above olive-green, whole cap dark grey, lores whitish; wings 
blackish, edged with yellowish olive, which forms two transverse 
bars on the coverts ; tail brown margined with olive : beneath pale 
grey, almost white on the middle of the belly and crissum; sides of 
breast and flanks yellowish olive; under wing-eoverts and axillaries 
pale sulphur-yellow; upper mandible and feet blackish, 

47. MYiorATis. 
123 

lower mandible pale brown: whole length 4*7 inches wine 20 
tail 2*1. ' ' 
Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

 Sk< S'E' BmiL

"> \ t^ ^lntor Coll. 
°' Ad.sk. Brazil, Jardine Coll. 

4. Phyllomyias berlepschi. 
Phyllomyias berlepschi, 8cl P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49. 
^ Above dark cinereous, back tinged with olivaceous, lores whitish; 
wings and tail dark cinereous, tips of wing-coverts and narrow outer 
margins of secondaries whitish: beneath greyish white, with a slight 
wash of greenish, except on the throat and middle of the belly; 
under wing-coverts white with a faint yellowish tinge; bill dark 
brown ; feet black: whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1-8. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

Much smaller than P. griseocajpilla, and paler above and below ; 

also without the yellowish wing-edgings. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.) 
47. 
MYIOPATIS * 
Type. 
Myiopatis, Cab. et Bern. Mus. Bein. ii. p. 58 M. semifusca. 
These birds, which I have previously annexed to Phyllomyias, 
certainly differ in the longer and more compressed bill, and had 
better, perhaps, be kept apart. Their range is over the forest-clad 
districts of South America down to S.E. Brazil. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Browner above; wing-margins whitish 1. semifusca, p. 128. 
B. Greyer above; wing-margins rufous 2. tumoezana, p. 124. 
1. Myiopatis semifusca. 
Phyllomyias semifusca, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 383, pi. xxxvi. fig. 1 ; 
id. Cat A. B. p. 214; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86; 8cl. et Sab. 

P. Z. S.1867, p. 577, et 1868, p. ] 68; iid. Nomend. p. 48; Layavd, 
Ibis, 1873, p. 382 (Para); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201 (b. 
Marta); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342 (Pernambuco); Salv. Ibis, 188o, 
p. 293 (Br. Guiana). 
Platyrhynchus murinus, 8pix) Av. Bras. ii. p. 14, t. xvi. tig. 2> m. 
Myiopatis incanescens, Cab. et Bein. Mus. Bein. ii. p. 58 {nee Max., 
ef. Berl. P. Z. S.1883, p. 554). 

*• Myiopatis wag®, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19 ; id. Orn. P<§r. ii. p. 253, from 
Peru, is not known to me. 

124 
TTBANIOM. 

Above brownish cinereous; lores and ocular region whitish; 
wings and tail dark cinereous, edged with brownish ; broad ends of 
wing-coverts (forming two bars) and outer margins of external 
secondaries whitish, often tinged with fulvous : beneath dirty white ; 
abdomen and under wing-coverts more or less tinged with pale 
yellowish; throat white ; bill dark brown, base of lower mandible 
pale; feet blackish: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1*9. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and 

Eastern Brazil. 
a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. 2 ad. sk. 
e. c?ad.-/,y. 
S ad. sk. 
h. tf jr. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. 
j . $ ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
I. $ ad. sk. 
m, n. $ ad.; o 
2 ad. sk. 
Santa Marta, U.S. Colombia. 
Atauques, S. N. of Santa 
Marta (Simons). 
Bogota. 
Caracas, Venezuela ( Qoering). 
Bartiea Grove, Brit Guiana 
(Wliitehj). 
Oyapok, Cayenne (JelsM). 
Surinam (C. Bartlett). 
Mexiana, Amazons ( Wallace). 
Para (Layarcl). 
Para (Layard). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sab in-Godnaan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
jp, q. Ad. sk. 
r. Ad. sk. 
s. Ad. sk. 
t. Ad. sk. 
u. Ad. sk. 
Bakia, Brazil. 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Ypanema, San Pauloterer). 
Bolivia. 
(batSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll 
Sudbury Museum. 
Sclater Coll. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 

2. Myiopatis tumbezana. 
Phyllonryias tumbezana, 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325, 1879, p. 234, et 
1880, p. 202 ; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 122. 
Myiopatis tumbezana, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, p. 554; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 252. 

Above dark grey, more brownish on the ramp; lores and slight 
superciliaries whitish; wings blackish with pale rufous edgings; 
tail blackish with slight paler edgings: below pale cinereous, 
whiter on the throat and middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts 
very pale lemon-yellow; bill and feet dark brown; whole length 
5*9 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*6. Female similar. 

Bab. Peru and Western Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.) Authentic 
b. S ad. sk. Pacasmayo, Pem(8tolzm<mri). Sclater Coll. i specic 
2 &d.* d. Guajango, Peru (Stokmann). Sclater Coll.) mens. 
Jr. sk. 

e. 2 &d. sk. San Pedro, Peru (Orton). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
„, :.-• 48 . OBKITHION. 
i 9 r 

48. ORNITHION. 
Ornithion, Bartl J. f. 0.1853, p. 35 n T-ypa-
Camptostoma, SO. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 203 '.'.'!.'.'."."." []" £ ZZL 

m^.nh,-rS^ ^ W, originally designated OmUUon by 
Hartlaub in 18o3, and remarkable for its constricted and projecting 
biH and almost bnstleless gape, may be added three other I S 
winch range from Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil. The fom i 
nearly amed to Tymnnulus; and I should bo rather inclined to unite 
these two groups were it not for the great inconvenience of frequent 
changes of n omen clature. H 

k "' 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Belly yellow ; wing-bands distinct, white or 
yellowish. 
Bill longer; cap plumbeous; white front 

distinct... 
i * 

^.r, •• • •; n 1. inerme, p. 125. 

Bill shorter; cap olive-brown; front rather 

Hgllter 

-n n n-* *' VM .;; •;: \- ^Vta, p, 126. 

B. 
Belly cinereous white or with slight yellowish 
tinge; wing-bands ochr&ceous, not so distinct; 
cap cinereous. 
\ Smaller; back more cinereous 3. imieTie p T_26 
j Larger; back more olivaceous 4. oteoletum, p. 127. 

1. Onnthion inerme. 
Ornithion inerme, Bartl J. f. 0. 1853, p. 35; Cab. et Mem. Mm. 

Hem. 11. p. 57; Sol. P. Z. &. 1873, pp. 576, 577; Sol. et Salv. 

Nomencl p. 48; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above olive-green, cap plumbeous, a distinct narrow white frontal 
band between the eyes; wings black, with large and distinct white 
tips to the coverts, forming two bands, and with narrow olive edgings 
to the secondaries; tail brownish edged with olive: beneath yellowish, 
whiter on the throat and rather more olivaceous on the 
sides; under wing-coverts lemon-yellow; bill black; feet dark 
brown: whole length 3*7 inches, wing 1-0, tail 1*5. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Ghiiana, Cayenne, and Eastern Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America (Bremen Mm.). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. 5 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c. $ 
ad. sk. Carimang r., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
d. Ad. sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
12b' TYEAIO-IDJS. 

2. OrnitMon pnsillnm. 
Myiopatis pusilla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 (1859). 
Camptostoma riaviventre, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S.1864, p. 358 (Panama), 

1867, p. 577 (Lower Amazons). 
Camptostoma imberbe, Tat/lor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86 (Trinidad). 
OrnitMon pusillum, Scl P. Z. S. 1873, p. 577 ; Scl. et Salv. KomencL 

p. 48; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 255. 
Above olive-green, cap rather darker, brownish.; lores and eye-
region slightly whitish; wings blackish, with large and distinct 
white tips to the coverts, forming two bands; secondaries edged 
externally with olive; tail dark brown edged with olive : beneath 
yellowish, more or less olivaceous; throat paler; under wing-coverts 
pale yellow; bill dark hazel; feet brown: whole length 3*8 inches, 
wing 2, tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hob. Yeragua, Panama, and southwards to S.E. Brazil. 

The bill is nearly similar in structure to that of 0. inerms, but 
not quite so long, and rather more compressed towards the tip. 
The absence of the white frontal band likewise distinguishes this 
species. 

a. § ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
b. Ad. sk. Chiriqni (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godinim Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Upper TJcayali (BartleU). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coil. 
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Triridad (JS. C. Taylor). Sclater Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sah in-Godman ColL 
I, m. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Pureha^d. 
n, o. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

p. Ad. sk. Surinam (C. Bartleti). Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Oyapock, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
r, s. Ad. sk. Mexiana, L. Amazons ( WalSclater 
ColL 
lace). 

t. Jr. sk. Para (Layard). Sclater OoH. 
u. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater CoU 
Vj w. Ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 
3. OrnitMoB imberbe. 
Myiopatis incanescens, Belz. Orn. Bras. p. 106 (?). 

Ornithion incanescens, Scl P. Z. S. 1873, p. 577 (nee Max., efi 
Lawrence, Ibis, 1876, p. 497); Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 382 (Para) : 
Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 488 (Texas). 

Camptostoma imberbe, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 203; id. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 444, pi. 14. fig. 1; id. Cat A. B. p. 215 (ex Mexico). 
Ornithion imberbe, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 234,1880, p. 202, et 1882, 
p. 19 (Peru); Bidgw. P. U. 8. N. M. iii. pp. 187, 218; id. Man. 
48. OBKITH10N.
N. A. B. p. 346 (Texas); Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 443; 
Berl J.f.O.1884, p. 301 (Colombia). 
Eupsilostoma pusilium, Set. P. Z. S. I860, pp. 68,283; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 215 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, et 1877, p. 325 
(Peru). 
Ornithion pusffluin, Scl «$• Sab. P. Z. S.1873, p. 278 (E. Peru): Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 234; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294. 
Ornithion sclateri, Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554, et 1884, 
p. 296 (W. Ecuador), et 1885, p. 90; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 254. 
Ornithion imberbe ridgwayi, Brewster, Bull. Nutt Orn. CI vil 
p. 208 (Arizona); Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 346. 
Above cinereous, more or less olivaceous on the lower back 
wings and tail blackish brown, with more or less distinct light 
rufous tips to the coverts and edges to the outer secondaries: beneath 
pale cinereous, with a very slight olivaceous tinge on the belly in 
some specimens ; under wing-coverts white, with a slight tinge of 
lemon-yellow; bill brown, lower mandible light hazel at the base ; 
feet "blackish: whole length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female 
similar. 

Hah, Texas, Mexico, and Central America, and southwards to 
Peru and S.E. Brazil. 

It has been shown by Mr. Lawrence (7. s. c.) that Muscipeta incanescens 
o£ Prince Max. of Keuwied does not refer to this species as 
was formerly supposed. The next name applicable seems to be 
my " hnberbe" The nearly uniform pale cinereous colour and light 
rufous wing-bands distinguish this species, which, however, varies 
much in different localities. 

a. 
Ad. sk. S. Andres Tuxtla, Mexico Sclatex Coll. (Type 
{Salle). of the species.) 
b. <S ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk.; d-g. Cozumel I., Yucatan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. 
a<3-s^*

h. 2 Escmntla, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L 2 a&. s^ J j- -A-d. Eealejo, Nicaragua (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
fa Ak. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (F)*aser). Sclater Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Santa Kita, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 


m. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Guaiango, Peru (Stokmann). Sclater Coll. 
o,p. Ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q $ ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll. 
r s Ak. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased 

u. Ad. st Honduras. 
D. Dyson [C.j. 
4. Ornithion obsoletum. 
Muscicapa obsoleta, Temm. PI Col p. 275.fig. 1; d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. 

Muscicapara obsoleta, d'Orb. Voij., Ois. p. 328. 

128 TYRANNIDJE. 

Elainea obsoleta, Bunn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 480. 

Myiopatis obsoleta, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 j Peh. Orn. 

Bras. p. 106. 

Ornithion obsoletum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 578; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl 

p. 48. 
Above cinereous, whole back with, a decided olivaceous tint; 

wings and tail dark ashy brown; wing-coverts broadly margined 

with paler rufous brown, and external secondaries edged with the 

same colour: beneath very pale cinereous, whitish on the throat, 

and with an olivaceous tinge on the belly; under wing-coverts and 

flanks pale yellowish white; bill brown, lower mandible carneous 

at the base• feet plumbeous : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2% 

tail 1-9. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

This bird is rather larger than any specimen of the preceding 
species, and differs in its more olivaceous back, and lighter colour 
below. I have compared it with Myiopatis obsoleta of the Berlin 
Museum, and Muscicapara obsoleta of d'Orbigny. 

a. Ad. sk. Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
49. TYRAimULUS. 
Type. 

Tyrannulus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 31 (1816) T. elatus. 

A little group of three species, of which the two last are not very 

distinct, ranging from Guatemala to Amazonia. It would be better 
perhaps to restrict the name to the typical species, which is very 
well distinguished by its elevated crest, short compressed bill, feebly-
bristled rictus, short wings and tail. But although T. semifiavus 
and T. brunneicapillus have no crest, they come very near in other 

respects. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Head with a yellow crest; throat white. 1. elatus, p. 128. 
B. Head not crested; whole body below 
yellow: 
i cap well-defined, plumbeous 2. semifiavus, p. 129. 
J cap not so distinct, brownish 3. bnmneicapillus, p. 129. 

1. Tyraniralus elatus. 
Le Roitelet MSsange, Buf. N. JET. v. p. 375. 
Mesange huppee de Cayenne, Daub. PI. JSnl. 708. fig. 2. 
Gold-naped Wren, Lath. G. H. vii. p. 255. 
Sylvia elata, Lath. 2nd. Orn. ii. p. 549. 
Tyrannulus elatus, Vieill. Erie. MUTi. p. 510 ,• id. Gal Ois. i. p. 93 


pL 71 (cf ) ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 483; Bp. Consp. i. p. 185: Cab. 
et Bern. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150, et 1856 

p. 1415 id. Cat. A. B. p. 215; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 106,* Lawr 
49 . TYBANNTTLUS. 
Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 89 • Scl # Salv. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 188 1867 
pp 147 761,,978,1873, p 279, et 1879, p.512;'& Nomend. 

p. 48; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana); Tact. P. Z 8. 1882 
p. 19 j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 256; J?eW. /./ . 0. 1884, p. 300. ' 
Pipra elata, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 7, pi. 8 a. f. 2 (J ). 
Above olive; cap blackish, with an elongated mesial bright lemon-
yellow crest: sides of head cinereous; wings blackish, distinct tips 
of coverts (forming two transverse bars) and outer margins of 
external secondaries white; tail ashy brown, slightly tipped with 
whitish: beneath yellowish olive, middle of belly and under wing-
coverts yellowish; throat white; bill blackish; feet dark plumbeous: 
whole length 2-6 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-4. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Amazonia, Guiana, and Colombia, north to Panama. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. Amazonia. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. <$ J ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad.sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 

</, h. <$ $ Ad. sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelshi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i,j. Ad. sk. 

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Wliitely). 

h, I. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. 0. (Min-Sclater Coll. 
o. J ad. sk. Bemedios, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mori). 
;;. Ad. sk. Paraiso, Panama (HugTies). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Tyrannulus semiflavus. 
Tyrannulus semiflavus, Scl. 8f Salv. P. Z, S. 1860, p. 300; iid. Ibis, 
1860, p. 400; iid. Nomencl p. 48 ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 215 ; Law. 
Ann. L. JST. Y viii. p. 182; Salv. Ibis, 1872, pp. 313, 314. 

Above clear olive-green; cap plumbeous; lores and superciliary 
stripe white; wings and tail blackish, with edges like the back: 
beneath bright yellow; bill and feet blackish: whole length 3 inches, 
wing 1-8, tail 1*1. 

Hah. Guatemala. 

a. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

b, e. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 

(Types of the species.) 

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). 
3. Tyrannulus brunneicapillus. 
Tyrannulus brunneicapillus, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 12: id Ann. L.N. 
Y vii t> 473, ix. p. Ill; Scl. 8f Salv. P.Z.8. 1864, p. 359 
(Pan^rJ)'; & NoZncl. p! 48; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 307; 
Salv. Ibis, 1872, p. 314. 

VOL. xrv. 

130 
TXRAKFIDJE. 

Similar to T. semiflavus, but cap not so distinct, and brownish in 

tint, and not carried so far back: body beneath not so bright. 
Eah. Panama. 
A somewhat doubtful species; a southern form of T. semiflavus. 

a. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannari). Sclater Coll. 
b. tf ad. sk.; c. Lion Hill St., Panama (MeSalvia-
Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Leannan). 
d. Ad. sk. Panama, Purchased. 

50. 
TYBAOTTISCTO *. 
T7Pe


Tyxanniscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57 
(1859) T. nigricapillus. 

Tyranniscus is a name conferred b j Cabanis and Heine on a 
group of small Tyrants allied to Tyrannulusjaxit with a rather broader 
bill; longer wings and longer tail. They are diffused over the 
Neotropical Eegion from Guatemala to S. Brazil, but mostly prevalent 
in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. They are, in fact, little 
more than diminutive forms of Mainia, or at any rate form a 
transition toward that genus. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. Bill uniform, blackish. 
a. Cap different from back. 
a'. Wing-coverts broadly tipped with 
white or yellowish white; belly 
yellow. 

I Cap blackish 1. nigricapillus, p. 131. 
| Cap plumbeous % cimreiceps, p. 131. 
b\ Wing-coverts narrowly edged with 
yellow; belly yellowish. 

a". Breast pale cinereous. 
I Larger; crown cinereous 3. vilissimus, p. 132. 
(Smaller; crown not so different. 4. parvus, p. 132. 

b". 
Breast cinereous, washed with 
yellowish 5. improbus, p. 133. 
c". Breast pale yellowish. 
{Larger; throat uniform 6. gradlipes, p. 133. 
j Smaller; throat whitish...... 7. acer, p. 133. 
c'. Wing-coverts edged with pale olivaceous 
8. grheicepS) p. 134. 

b. Cap olivaceous like the back. 
1 Front uniform 9. holivianus, p. 134 
| Front yellow 10. chrysops, p. 135. 
B. Bill with lower mandible white 11. leucogonys p. 136 
* I do not recognize the following species i—Maima-mridiflaw, Tsch F P 
Aves, p. 160, t. ix. %. 2 (-Leptopogon viridiflavus, £p. Consp.L p. 187= Tvixm


niscus viridiflavus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536; id. Orn. Per. ii7 p. 261) from 
Peru. h

* F*
50 . TYKAKNISCTTS. 
1. TyraMriscus nigricapillus. 
Tyrannulus nigricapillus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 341; Scl P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 150, et 1860, p. 93. 

Tyrannisciis 
nigricapillus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 57; Scl. 
Cat. A. B. p. 216; Scl § Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 842, 1875, p. 234, 
et 1879, p. 512; iid. Nomencl p. 48; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, 
et 1880, p. 203 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 257. 

Above olive-green; cap dull alack, with, a slight whitish superciliary 
stripe ; wings black; coyerts broadly tipped with white or 
yellowish white, forming two bands; narrow external edgings to 
most of remiges yellow; tail blackish brown, with slight olivaceous 
edgings: beneath yellow, rather olivaceous on throat and sides of 
breast; under wing-coverts pale yellow : bill and feet black: whole 
length 4*4 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*8, Female similar. 

Hab. Yenezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

a. S ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela {Goering). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll. 
/. <S ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mori). 
Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ff


gomez). 
k Ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
2. Tyranniscus cinereiceps. (Plate XI. fig. 1.) 
Tyrannulus cinereiceps, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 69, 283 (Ecuador). 

Tyrannisciis cinereiceps, Scl Cat. Am. B. p. 216; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 

1870, p. 842, pi. liii. fig. 2; iid. Nomencl p. 48 j Tacz. P. Z. S. 

1874, p. 536; id. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 258; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 

p. 555, et 1885, p. 90 (Ecuador). 
Above olive-green, cap plumbeous, lores and sides of head whitish; 
ear-coverts black with the basal portion yellowish; wings black, 
coverts broadly tipped with white, remiges mostly narrowly edged 
with yellow; tail brown: beneath yellow, rather whitish on the 
chin, and more olivaceous on the breast; under wing-coverts pale 
yellow : bill dark corneous ; feet blackish : whole length 4 inches, 
wing 2-4, tail 1*7. 

Hab. Ecuador and Colombia. 
Near to T. nigricapillus but distinguished by its plumbeous head 
and black ear-coverts. 

a 9 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
* + (Type of the species.) 
b, cAd.sk. Bogota. Jdater Coll. 

132 TYJUNNID.2B. 

3. Tyranniscus vilissimus. 
Elainea vilissiina, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122, pi. 4. fig. 1; Salv. 
Ibis, 1800, p. 194. 

Tyranniscus vilissimus, Scl Cat. Am. B. p. 216; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 843 ; iid. Nomencl p. 48 ; Salv. Ibis, 1869, pp. 315, 318* 
Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 307; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. 

p. 111. 
Above olive, cap dark cinereous, broad front and superciliaries 
whitish ; wings blackish, with well-defined but narrow external 
edgings of yellowish green; tail blackish edged with olive: beneath, 
throat and breast pale ashy white, slightly fiammulated; middle of 
belly almost white; flanks and crissum pale yellowish with slight 
greenish fiammulations ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish white ; 
bill dark brown; feet black: whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2*4, 
tail 2. Female similar. 

Hob. Guatemala. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 

c, d. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
eyf. S ? ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Guatemala (Salvin). 
cj,h. g $ ad. sk. Calderas (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ Ad. sk. Coban, Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
k, I Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq. 

4. TsrranniscxLs parvus. 
Tyranniscus parvus, Later. Ibis, 1862, p. 12; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. 

p. 473, ix. p. 112; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359,1867, p. 981, 
1870, p. 843; iid. Nomencl p. 48; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147; id. 
Ibis, 1869, p. 315 j Frank. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 307; Boucard, P.Z.8. 
1878, p. 63 5 Bidyw. P. TJ. S. N. M. vi. p. 414. 
Similar to T. vilissimus, but smaller, cap not so well defined, and 
rather paler below: whole length 2*7 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1*7. 
Female similar. 

Hab. Costa Rica and Veragua. 

a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll, 
b. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (ArcS). 0. Salvin HP.]. 
f. $ ad. sk. Santa Fe*, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. J ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. S. slope of Vole, of Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
'k, I Ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.l 
m. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
50 . TYRANNISCUS. 
133 

5. TyranniscTLS improbus. 
Tyranniscus 
improbus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 848; iid 
Nomencl p. 48 j Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 383; Bed. J, f. 0. 188 1, 

p. 318. 
Above olive; head darker, almost blackish; front, short superciliaries, 
and eye-region whitish ; wings blackish ; coverts and 
secondaries narrowly but distinctly margined with yellow; tail 
brown with olive margins like the back: beneath greyish white, 
almost white on the throat; breast and belly with a yellowish tinge; 
middle of belly and under wing-coverts pale yellow; bend ot wing 
yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2% 
tail 1*9. 

Hah. Venezuela and Colombia. 
Near to T. vilissimus, but the white front is more distinct, and 
the breast has a shiny yellowish tinge. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Near Ocana, U. S. Colombia (Wyatt). Sclater Coll. 
6. Tyranniscus gracilipes. (Plate XI. fig. 2.) 
Tyranniscus, sp. 1317, Scl Cat. Am. B. p. 216. 

Tyranniscus gracilipes, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 981,1870, p. 843, 

1873, p. 279, et 1879, p. 614; iid. Nomencl p. 48; Layard, Ibis, 

1873, p. 382; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294. 

Myiopatis pusilla, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 106(?). 

Above olive ; cap cinereous; front and lores rather whitish ; 
wings black with narrow but distinct external edgings of yellow j 
tail blackish, slightly margined with olive : beneath nearly uniform 
yellowish, rather paler on the throat and brighter on the bolly ; 
under wing-coverts pale yellowish white; bend of wing yellow; bill 
and feet blackish: whole length 3-6 inches, wing 1*7, tail 14. 
Female similar. 

Eab. Bolivia, Amazonia, Venezuela, and Guiana. 

a. Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad.; Pebas, E. Peru (HauxweW). Sclater Coll. (Type 
" c. Ad. sk. of the species.) 
d. jad.sk. Pebas, E.Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
fa 
$ ad.; Koraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h-j. $ ad.sk. (Whitely). 

k. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
m. ?ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
7. Tyranniscus acer. 
Tyranniscus acer, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 206; Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 294. 
Above olive; head cinereous, front whitish; wings blackish; 
134 
TYBANNEDJB. 

coverts and secondaries distinctly edged with, clear yellowish; tail 

blackish slightly margined with olive: beneath pale yellowish; throat 

ashy white; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill and feet 

blackish: whole length 3*7 inches, wing 2, tail 1*7. Female similar, 

but (apparently) with a shorter tail. 

Hah. Guiana. 

This plainly coloured species may be distinguished from T, graci


lipes by its smaller size, whiter throat, and paler belly. 

a, b. S 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WiiUly). 

c. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
d. e. (S ad.; Carnacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f,g. $ad. sk. {Whitely). 
h. 2ad.sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Tyranniscus griseieeps. 
Tyranniscus griseieeps, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S.1870, p. 843; id. Nomencl. 
p. 48 j Salv. Ibis, 1888, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana). 
Phyllomyias griseieeps, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554. 
Phyllornyias cristatus, v. Berl. Joum.f. 0.1884, p. 300 (Bogota). 
Above olive; cap dark cinereous; front and eye-region whitish : 

wings blackish, wing-coverts slightly margined with pale brown; 

external margins of secondaries olive; tail blackish brown with 

olive margins: beneath yellow; throat greyish; under wing-coverts 

pale sulphur-yellow; bill and feet dark brown: whole length 4 

inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hah. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and British Guiana. 

The absence of the yellow edgings on the wing-coverts distin


guishes this species from the four preceding ones. 

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
e. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, IL S. C, Sclater Coll. 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Maruria, Valencia, Venezuela (Goe- Sclater Coll. 
ring). 
e. § ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wlti-tely). 
f. $ ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. TyraimiscTLS bolivianus. 
Muscicapa olivacea, tfQrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 54 (1837). 
Muscicapara boliviana, dVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 328. 
Tyranniscus gracilipes, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (err.). 
Tyranniscus viridissimus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782; Scl. et Salv. 


P. Z. S. 1879, p. 614 (Bolivia); Tacz. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 260. 
Above, including cap, uniform olive; wings blackish, with distinct 
narrow yellowish edgings to the greater coverts and secondaries, 
smaller coverts like the back; tail dark brown edged with olive: 

50 . TYKANNISCUS. 
beneath pale greyish white, with a yellowish tingo, middle of "belly 
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; hill and feet blackish : 
whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2, tail 2. 

Hah. Southern Peru and Bolivia. 
I have examined d'Qrbigny's types at Paris and have convinced 
myself that his species is the same as my T. viridissimus. 

a. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type 
_ ^ of T. viridissimus.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Guadeloupe, S. Peru (Wliitely). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Tilotilo (Buckley). Sclater Coll 
10. TyranuisctLS chrysops. 
Tyrannulus chrysops, Scl P. Z. S. 1858. p. 458, 1859. p. 144, et 1860, 
p. 93 (Ecuador). . *>>*>> 
Tyranniscus chrysops, Scl Cat Am. B. p. 216• Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 842, 1875, p. 234, et 1879, p. 513 ; iid. Nomencl p. 48: 
WyaU, Ibis, 1871, p. 333• Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124 (Santa 
Marta); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 259: Berl 
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, 1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. 90; Berl 

J.f. 0.1884, p. 301. 
Tyranniscus flavifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 58 (1859). 
Tyrannulus flavidifrons, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 69. 
Tyranniscus flavidifrons, Scl Cat. Am. B. p. 216. 
Above olive; front yellow* eye-region yellowish; wings blackish, 
with distinct yellow external edgings to the coverts and secondaries ; 
tail dark brown slightly margined with olive: beneath pale ashy 
white, with a slight yellowish tinge on the throat and lower belly; 
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bend of the wing yellow; 
bill dark brown; feet blackish : whole length 4*5, wing 2% tail 1*9. 
Female similar, but (apparently) smaller and tail shorter. 

Edb. Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 
A rather variable and widely extended species, but apparently 
always recognizable by its yellow front. 


a. Ad. sk. Chiromoto, Peru (Stohmanri). Sclater Coll. 
b. Q ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c. 
Jr. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser), Sclater Coll. (Types 
of T. chrysops.) 
d. e. <$ ad. sk PaHatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types 
of T. flavidifrons.) 
f. <$ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.]. 
g-j. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Jiraa, Ecuador (Buckley)., Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n * Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
o Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad sk. Bogota. ^ Sckter Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Minca, S. H. of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons), 
r Ad.sk. S. N. of Santa Marta (Simons). Sclater Coll. 
si <$ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 


TYRANNlDiE. 

136 

11. Tyraimisctts lencogonys. 
Tyranniscus lencogonys, Scl. et JSah. P. Z. & 1870, p. 843; %id. 
NomencL p. 48. 

Above olive; cap dark cinereous, narrow front and eye-region 
whitish; wings blackish; coverts and secondaries narrowly margined 
externally with yellow; tail brown with olive margins: beneath 
yellow; throat and breast more greyish; under wing-coverts pale 
yellow; upper mandible brown, lower pale flesh-colour ; feet dark 
brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 24 , tail 1*7. 

Hab. Colombia. 
I am a little doubtful about the correct position of this species, 
which is at once recognizable by its pale lower mandible. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.) 

51. 
ELAINEA*. 
Type. 
Elsenea, Band. K Vet.-£k. JSandl 1836, p. 89 (1836) E. pagana. 
This is one of the most numerous genera of the Tyrcmnidce, and 
perhaps the most difficult to deal with satisfactorily. The present 
arrangement is nearly the same as that adopted in previous papers 
on this group, and I am still unable to suggest a better one, though 
I find that some of the species hitherto referred to Sect. A are 
merely females or young of species of Beet. B. 

Elainece may usually be recognized by their dull olive colour, 
slightly crested head, "and compressed bill, with but few traces of 
rictal bristles. They are spread all over the Neotropical Region. 

Key to the Species. 

A. With a more or less concealed vertical spot 
a. Vertical spot white. 
a'. Throat greyish white; belly yellowish. 
1. payana, p. 187. 
j Smaller: breast lighter 

2. ridleyana, p. ISO. 
1 Larger: breast darker.............. 3. gigas, p. 140. 
b\ Under surface greyish white. 
a". Middle of belly uniform 4. martinwa}]}.l4tl,
b". Middle of belly clear white. 

a"'. Larger: sides olivaceous: 
upper surface olivaceous , 5. albieepS) p. 141. 
upper surface grey C. strepera7 p. 143. 

* See articles, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 406, aad 1870, p. 834, on this genus, of which 
the following species are unknown to me:— 

1. E. spectabilis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 176 (Brazil). 
2. E. cimrea, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 180 (Brazil). 
3. E. ineompta, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 59 (Venezuela). 
4. E. gracilis, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 271 (Peru). 
5. E. semiflava, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viU. p. 177, ix. p. 89 (Veragua). 
6. E. ciwrascem, Eidgw. P. U. S. N. M. vii. p. 180 (New Providence L). 
51 . ELAINEA. 
137 

b"\ Middle size: sides cinereous 7. hypospodia, p. 144. 
c"\ Smaller. 
\ Sides cinereous 8. taczanowskii,^. 144. 
j Sides yellowish 9. leucospodia, p. 144. 
c'. Whole under surface yellowish. 
c". Larger : wing 3*2 10. frantzii, p. 145. 
d". Middle-sized: wing 2*9: 
\ brighter below 11. olivine,, p. 146. 
| duller below 12. pallatanga, p. 140. 
e". Smaller: wing 2*7 13. fallax, p. 147. 

5. Vertical spot straw-colour or yellow. 
d'. Without wing-bars. 
f". Back olive. 
I Smaller: wing 2*7 14. placens, p. 148. 
j Larger: wing 3 15. subplacens, p. 149. 

g". Back brown 16. cotta, p. 149. 
e\ With white tips to wing-coverts. 


hi'. Belly yellow: 
J breast grey; crest paler 17. gaimardi, p. 150. 
| breast brownish; crest brighter .... 18. Jlavivertex, p. 151. 

i". Belly yellowish white 19. caniceps, p. 151. 

c. Vertical spot rufous 
20. ruficeps, p. 152. 
B. Without a vertical spot. 
d. Tail unhanded. 
f. 
Cap uniform with back. 
] Larger : belly yellowish 21. obscura, p. 152. 
{Smaller: belly white 22. mesoleuca, p. 153. 
g'. Cap darker than back 23. arenamm, p. 153. 

e. With a light basal and terminal tail-band.. 24. offinis, p. 154. 
1. Elainea pagana. 
Muscicapa pagana, Zicht. Doubl. p. 54 (1823). 
Platyrhynehus paganus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 13, pi. 16. f. 1. 
Muscicapa brevirostris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 799 (1831). 
Elainea pagana, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701 ; Murm. Syst. Xfeb. 


ii. p. 476; Sclater, P. Z. S.1859, p. 46, 1861, p. 406, 1866, p. 99 
(Lima), et 1870, p. 834; id. Cat. A. B. p. 216; Cab. et Hein. Mus. 
Rein. ii. p. 59; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86 (Trinidad); Scl. et Salv. 
P. Z. S.1866, p. 188 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 978 (Amazons), 1868, 
p. 628 (Venezuela), 1869, p. 598 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 279 (E. 
Peru), 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru), et 1879, p. 513 (Antioquia) ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 48; Fuler, J. f. 0.1867, p. 228; Peheln, Orn. JBras. 
p. 106; Layard, Jfos,1873, p. 382 (Para); Cab. J.f. 0.1874, p. 88; 
Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63, et 1883, p. 447; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 
1880. p. 124; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342; Ridgw. P. U. S. JST. M. 
v. p. 500 (Costa Pica); Tacz. P. Z. S.1882, p. 20; id. Orn. PSr. 
ii. p. 262; Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 301; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294 (Br. 
Guiana). 
Elainea subpagana, Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 36; iid, P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 359, et 1870, p. 837; Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 406, et 1862, p. 369; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 216; Cab. J. f. 0.1861, p. 244; Salv. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 147, et 1870, p. 197; Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 307; Lawn 
Ann. X. N, Y. vii. p. 328, viii. p. 176, et ix. p. 112. 
Elainea 
semipagana, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 406 (Ecuador) 5 Berl 
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, et 1885, p. 90. 

138 
TYUAlWID-aE. 

Elainea ekiriquensis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viiL p. 176 (Veragua); 
Sah.P.Z. £.1867, p. 147(F). 

Above greyish, olivaceous; head rather darker, subcrested; 
Vertical spot white; wings and tail brownish black; wing-coverts 
with white terminal spots, forming two cross bands; outer secondaries 
edged externally with white; the rest of the wing-feathers 
and tail-feathers slightly margined with olivaceous: beneath, throat 
and breast greyish white ; middle of belly yellow; flanks more or 
less cinereous; under wing-eoverts yellowish white; bill brown, 
base of lower mandible pale; feet blackish: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*3, tail 3. Female. Like the male, but with the white spot 
on the head smaller or absent. 

Eab. Southern Mexico, and southwards down to Brazil. 

When a large series of this bird is examined, so much variation 
is evident that it is no longer possible to maintain E. mb-' 
pagana of Central America and E. semipagana of Western Ecuador 
as distinct species. As a rule, however, the northern birds are 
darker in colour above, and more strongly coloured with yellow 
below. The throat also is usually of a lighter grey. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Near the City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c-e. Ad. sk. MugeresL, Yucatan (Gaumer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, g. Ad. sk. Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h-o. Ad. sk. CozumelL, Yucatan {Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Holbox I., Yucatan. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. § ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin). J Sclater Coll. 
r. 
Ad. sk, DuefiaSj Guatemala (Salvin). } Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ies of E. subpagana.) 
s. Ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). "vin-Godman Coll. 
t. 
tf ad. sk. Half-Moon Key, British HonSalvin-
Godman GolL 
duras (Salvin). 
u. Ad. sk San Pedro, British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
v. Ad. -sk. San Pedro, British Honduras Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
w. 
Ad.sk. British Honduras (Blanea-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
neaux). 
x. Ad. sk. Costa Pica (CarmhV). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. Ad.sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
«. $ ad.sk. Southern slope of V. de Chiri-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
qui (Arce).
a\ Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b'. <S ad. sL Chiriqui (Hicks). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c'. $ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d\ $ ad. sk. Ohitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e',f-<S 2 ad. sk. Santa F£, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g\ Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
h'-f. <$ 2 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jk\ Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

V. Ad. sk. Paraiso Sta., Isthrn. of PaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
nama (Hughes). 
m\ Ad. sk 
ri. Ad. sk. 
o\ Ad. sk 
p'. $ ad. sk 
q'. (S ad. sk. 

r\ Ad. sk 
a'. Ad.sk 
t', u\ <$ $ ad. sk 
v'. Ad.sk 
w', x'. Ad. sk 
1/', z'. Ad. sk. 
a''. Ad. sk. 
J". $ ad. sk 
c". J ad. sk. 

#', a". Ad. sk. 
/". Ad. sk. 
#". c? ad.; £", *". 

$ ad.; /'. Albino 
sk. 
k"~n". <$ ad.; o", 
p". 2 ad. sk. 
q", r". cS ? ad. sk 

«", ?5". c? $ ad. sk. 

u". Ad.sk 
a". $ ad. sk 
w". <$ ad. sk. 
x", yn. S 2 ad. sk 
z". 2 ad. sk 
a"r, b'n. Ad.sk 
<?% <Zm* Ad. sk 
<?"'/"'. Ad. sk 
/" , A'". Ad. sk. 
*"\ Ad.sk 
/'", k"\ S 2 ad. sk 

'/'", m'". Ad, sk 

ri". Ad. sk 
e>'",jp"\ Ad.sk 
qr". Ad. sk. 

51, BLAINEA. 

Isthmus of Panama (Arct). 
Panama (Hughes). 
Sta. Maarta, U. S. 0. 
Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). 
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). 


Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). 
Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). 


139 

Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 

of F. semipagana.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater ColL 
Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater ColL 
Bucaramanga, U. S. C. (Minlos)Sclater Coll. 
Bogota, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman ColL 

Valencia, Venezuela ( Goering). 
S.Esteban, Venezuela 

( Goering). 
Trinidad. 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Tobago (Kirk). 

Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(WMtely). 

Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(WJiitely). 

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 

( WJiitely). 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne (Jehki). 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). 
Para (E. L. Layard). 
Ceara, Brazil (Zietz). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 

Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Bolivia. 
Brazil. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater Coll. 

Zool. Soc. ColL 

Sclater ColL 
Jardine ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater ColL 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Tweeddale ColL 

Sclater ColL 

Sclater ColL 

Sclater ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sudbury Mus. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Sclater ColL 

T. Bridges [C.]. 
Ld. Stuart de Rothesay 
(P.]. 

% Elainea ridleyana. 

Elainea ridleyana, SAarpe, F. Z. S. 1888 (Feb. 7th). 

Similar to K pagana, but darker in colour and with longer bill. 
Hal. Island of Eernando JSToronha. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Eernando jSToronha. H. N. Ridley, Esq. [C.]. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. Ad. sk Eernando Noronha. Capts. Burnett & Eitzroy [P/ 
140 TYKANNIDiE. 

3. Elainea gigas. 
Elainea albiceps, Scl P. Z. S. I860, p. 71; id. Cat. A.B.v. 217 (nee 
Lafr. et E'Orb.). 

Elainea gig-as, Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 831; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, 

p. 185, et 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 536, et 1882, p. 19; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 265. 
Head and wing of Elainea gigas. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 832.) 

Above dark olivaceous brown; head crested, with a large vertical 
spot; wings and tail dark brown; a double band across the wing-
coverts and external margins of the outer secondaries dirty white ; 
rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly margined with olivaceous 
: beneath, throat grey; breast and flanks greyish olivaceous • 
middle of belly yellow ; under wing-coverts and crissum yellowish 
grey ; bill reddish brown, lighter at the base ; feet blackish : whole 
length 6 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*3. Female similar. 

Hdb. Ecuador and Peru. 

This species is chiefly distinguishable from E. pagana by its large 
size; but it is also darker above, and has a much larger white vertical 
spot, which occupies nearly the whole of the interior of the 

crest. 
a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. (Type 
b, c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Ecuador.
of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk. 
Huiro, S. Peru (Whitely). 
Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitelij). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godmau Coll. 

51 . ELAINEA. 141 
4. Elainea martinica. 
Muscicapa martinicana cristata, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 362. 
Muscicapa martinica, Linn. S. N. i. p. 325. 
Tyrannula martinica, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1800, p. 375. 
Elainea martinica, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 169; Scl P. Z. S. 1871, 

p. 271 (S. Lucia), 1874, p. 175 (Barbadoes), et 1879, p. 765 (Montserrat) 
; Semper, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 650; Scl et Sah.Nomencl. p. 48 ; 
Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 113 ; Lawr, P. U. S. JV. M. i. pp. 59, 191,270, 
357, 458, 487, et iii. p. 256; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St.Vincent); 
Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 489 (Montserrat). 
Elainea riisii, Set. P. Z. S.1860, p. 314,1861, p. 406, et 1870, p. 834; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Newton, Ibis, 1860, p. 307 (St. Thomas). 
Muscicapa albicapilla, Vieill. Ois. dAm. Sept. p. 66, pi. 37. 

Above dark olivaceous; bead subcrested, with a well-marked 
white basal spot; wings and tail blackish brown; double bar across 
the wing-coverts and outer edges of external secondaries dirty white, 
rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers with narrow olivaceous outer 
margins: beneath pale cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tinge on 
the flanks and crissum; bill dark brown, base of the lower mandible 
reddish; feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 3. Female* 
like the male, but with the vertical spot less apparent or absent. 

Hah. Antilles, from St. Thomas down to Barbadoes. 
This species is very similar to E. jpagana, but is of a nearly uniform 
pale cinereous brown. As in E. pagana, there is much indi


vidual variation. 
a. Ad. sk. 
b, c. c? 2 ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g, L Ad. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. 
j . Ad. sk. 
St. Thomas (Miise). 
St. Thomas (Salvin). 
Montserrat (Stwrge). 
Dominica (Ober). 
Dominica (Ober). 
St. Lucia (Semper). 
Barbadoes (Briggs). 
Barbadoes. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of JE. riisii.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sir K. Schomburgk 
h. Ad. sk. 
1. Jr. sk. 
Barbadoes (Wedderbum). 
Grand Cayman I. (Richard-
JardineColl.
Sclater Coll. 
.* 
son). 
5. Elainea albiceps. 

Muscipeta albiceps, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; dOrb. Voy,, Ois. 

Elainea'albiceps, Sol. PZ. S. 1858, p. 71 (Ecuador), 1861, p. 406 
(Bolivia et Peru), 1867, p. 327 (Chili), et 1870 p. 834 (Honduras); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 ; Scl.et Salv. P.Z. S. 1868, pp. 174 568 (rf. 
Peru), 1873, pp. 185, 279 (Peru), 1876, p. 16 (Peru), 1878, p 433, 
et 1879, p. 614 (Bolivia); iid. Nomenol p 48\;Pelz. Orn Bras. 

p. 107; Bumf.Ibis, 1878,p. 60 (rep.Arg.); V^*^1®?' 
p. 606 (rep. Arg.); Sato. P Z. S. 1883, p. 423 (W. Peru); zd Ibis, 
1885, p. 294 (Br Guiana) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. n. p. 263; Berl et Jher. 
Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 133 (S. Brazil); Scl et Huds.Arg. Orn. 
i. p. 145. 
142 
TYBAOTIDJ3. 

Elainea griseogularis, Scl. RZ. S. 1858, p. 554, pi. 146. fig. 1, 1859, 

p. 46, et 1861, p. 407; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. 90 (Ecuador). 
Elainea modesta, Tsch., Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 274; id. Faun. Per., 
Aves, p. 159; Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, et 1861, p. 407, et 1867, p. 338; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Cab. et Hein. Mies. Hein. ii. p. 59; Burm. 

J. f. 0.1860, p. 246 j id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 454; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
p. 107 (?); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751, et 1868, p. 142; iid. 
Ibis, 1868, p. 185; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536; Cab. J.f. 0.1878, 
p. 197. 
Elainea parvirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 178 (?). 
Elainea cristata, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 107,177 (?). 
Elainea albivertex, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 107,177; JSerl J.f. 0.1884, 
p. 301. 
Above dark ashy brown, with a slight olivaceous tinge on the 
rump,- head slightly darker, with a more or less concealed white 
vertical spot; wings and tail blackish brown, tips of wing-coverts 
(forming two transverse bands) and outer margins of exterior secondaries 
dirty white; rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly 
margined with lighter colour: below nearly uniform pale cinereous, 
whiter on the throat and middle of the belly; under wing-coverts 
slightly tinged with yellowish; bill brownish, paler at the base; 
feet blackish: whole length 6 inches, wing 3 % tail 3. Female 
similar. 
Bab. All South America, except Colombia. 
The characters of this variable species are taken from specimens 
obtained in Southern Peru by Whitely, which agree nearly with 
d'Orbigny's types in the Paris Museum. E. griseigularis of Western 
Ecuador is smaller in size, but is easily matched by some Peruvian 
specimens. So far as 1 can judge from single examples, K cristata 
and E. albivertex of Pelzeln are inseparable from the present 
species. 


a, b. <$ ad.; c, d. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman OolL 
$ ad. sk. {Whitely). 


e. Ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana Sclater Coll, 
(Whitely). 
f. 
$ ad.; g, h. Merume' Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2ad.sk. (Whitely). 
i. Ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). 
Sclater Coll. 
j. 
$ ad. sk. Valencia,Venezuela((xoe?*%). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador(Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. 
<$ ad. sk. Riobamba, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
ofF. griseigularis, Scl.) 
n. $ ad. sk» Pebas, E. Peru (HauxweU). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o,p. Ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (HauxwelT). Sclater Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Ohyavetas, E.Peru (Bartlett), 
Sclater Coll. 
r. Jr. sk. Lower Ucayali (BaHlett). Sclater Coll. 
s, t. Ad. sk. E. Peru. Sclater Coll. 
u. Jr. sk. E. Peru (Farris). 
Sclater Coll. 
v. 
Ad. sk. E, Peru (Tsehudi). Sclater Coll. (Typical 
of F. modesta, Tsch.) 
zv. Ad. sk. 

x. Ad. sk. 
y. Ad. sk. 
#. <$ ad. sk. 

#'. $ ad. sk. 

h'. Ad. sk. 

c'. Ad. sk. 

^', <?'. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 

g\ Ad. sk. 

h'. Ad. sk. 

%'. Ad. sk. 

/ . Ad. si 

h'. Ad. sk. 

V. Ad. sk. 
m'. Ad. sk. 

n'. Ad. sk. 
o'. Ad.sk.p\ 
Ad. sk. 
#'. Ad. sk. 
r\ <$ ad. sk. 

s\ $ ad. sk.

tf 

. Ad. sk. 

ur,v'. c? ad.; to'. 

5 ad. sk. 

x\ Ad. sk. 

y\ Ad. sk. 

51 . ELAIJSTEA. 
Huiro, Peru (Whitely). 
Huiro, Peru (Whitely). 
Tambo Valley, W. Peru 


Arequipa, Peru (Whitely). 
Callao, Peru (Marhham). 
Bolivia. 
Chili (Leybold). 
Chili. 
Chili. 
Valparaiso. 


Port Famine, Patagonia. 
Magellan Straits. 


Magellan Straits. 


Magellan Straits. 


Taken at sea, H.M.S. 'Alert,' 
in lat. 30° 40f S., long. 48° 
27'W. 

Mendoza, rep- Arg. (Burmeister). 


Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. 
Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). 
Buenos Ayres (Hudson). 
Curytiba, "Brazil (Natterer). 
Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). 

 Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). 

Bio Grande do Sul (Plant). 
Kio Grande do Sul (Jhering). 

Ceara, Brazil (Zkiz), 
Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil 

(Lund). 

6. Elainea strepera. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


T. Bridges [C.l. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
C, Darwin [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sir W. Burnett and 
Capt. Fitzroy [C.l 
Sir W. Burnett and 

Capt. Fitzroy [C.l. 
' Challenger' Exp. 
The Admiralty. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

H. Durnford [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. (Ralbivertex, 
Pelz.) 
Sclater Coll. (JB, 

cristata, Pelz.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Elainea strepera, Cab. J.f. 0.1883, p. 215. 

Above dark greyish olive; head slightly crested, with a white 
basal spot; eye-ring white; wings and tail blackish; tips of wingcoyerts 
rufous ; slight margins of wing- and tail-feathers olivaceous : 
beneath cinereous, middle of belly white, flanks olivaceous; under 
wing-coverts pale cinereous; bill dark brown, pale at the base; feet 
blackish: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*7. 

Bab. Argentine Republic, Prov. Tueuman. 

Described from a specimen, apparently not quite adult, in Graf v. 
Berlepsch's collection. Allied to E. albiceps, but more cinereous 
above, and distinguished by its white eye-ring and the rufous edgings 
of the wing-coverts. 

144 
TYBANNID-ffi. 

7. Elainea hypospodia. 
Elainea hypospodia, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49. 
Above dark cinereous; head subcrested, with a concealed white vertical 
spot; wings blackish, with white terminal spots on the coverts, 
forming two well-defined cross bands, and the outer secondaries 
margined and terminated with white; tail ashy like the back : beneath 
pale cinereous; middle of belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts 
white; bill brown, pale reddish at the base: whole length 5*3 
inches, wing 2*9, tail 2-5. 

Hah. Venezuela. 
Eather larger than E. leucospodia, and without any trace of 
yellow or olive on its plumage. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
8. Elaiaea taczanowskii 
Elainea taczanowskii, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 137. 
Above grey, with a very slight olivaceous tinge; head blackish, 
slightly crested, with a white basal spot; wings blackish, wing-
coverts and secondaries margined with white ; tail blackish brown: 
beneath white, breast and sides cinereous ; under wing-coverts 
white; bill brown, pale at the base; feet black: whole length 4*5 
inches, wing 2*4, tail 2. 

Sab. S.E. Brazil. 
Described from the typical specimen, from Bahia, in Graf v. 
Berlepseh's collection. 

9. Elaiaea leucospodia. 
Elainea leucospodia, Tacz. P Z. 8.1877, p. 825, et 1880, p. 203; Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 267. 

Above cinereous; head darker, with a well-marked basal crest of 
pure white; wings and tail blackish, with more or less decided 
whitish edgings: beneath pale cinereous, middle of belly white; flanks 
and crissum with a slight yellowish tinge; bill brown, whitish at 
the base; feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*9. 
Female similar, 

Hab. Western Peru. 
Generally resembling E. albiceps, but at once distinguishable by 
its smaller size. 

a. § ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jehhi). Sclater Coll. 
b. 5 a(l. sk. Chepen, Peru (Stokmann)* Sclater Coll. 
51 . ELAESTEA. 
145 
10. Elainea frantzii. 
Elamea frantzii, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 172, et ix. p. 42 (Costa 
Rica); Frantz. J. f 0. 1809, p. 307: Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197 
(Veragua); Scl P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Bone. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 68 
(Costa Rica)-Scl et Salv. Nomtnd. p. 49; iid. P. Z.S. 1879, 

p. 513 (Antioquia); Ridqw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 496, et vi. p. 393. 
Elainea pudica, Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 833; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, 
P- 22J (Venezuela) j iid. Nomencl. p. 49; Perl. J. f. 0. 1884, 

p. 302 (Bucaramanga). 
Head and wing of Elainea frantzii. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 834.) 

Above dark olive-brown; bead slightly crested, with a wbite basal 
spot; wings and tail blackish; tips of the wing-coverts, forming 
transverse bands, and outer margins of tbe external secondaries 
whitish ; rest of wing- and tail-feathers slightly margined with 
olivaceous : beneath pale olive-brown mixed with yellowish, brighter 
in the middle of the belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts; bill 
brown, lower mandible reddish at the base; feet blackish: whole 
length 6 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*7. Female. Similar, but sometimes, 
if not always, without the white vertical spot. 

Hah. Guatemala, and Central America down to Panama, Colombia, 
and Venezuela. 

I had formerly supposed that E. frantzii had no white vertical 
spot, and placed it accordingly in another section of the genus. But 
this was an error, the white spot having been described by Mr. 
Lawrence in his original diagnosis of the species, and being undoubtedly 
present in many specimens. I also find the white spot 
present in some specimens of the Southern E. pudica, and am now inclined 
to regard this supposed species as inseparable from E. frantzii. 

a, b. $ J ad.; c. San Pedro Martyr, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5 ad. sk. (Salvin). 

d. 
$ ad. sk. Medio Monte, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vin). 
e. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Volcan de Agua; above S. Diego Sclater Coll. 
(Salvin). 

VOL. XTV.

TXEANNTDiE, 

Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala Sclater Coll. 

g. J ad. sk. 
(Salvin). 
h, i. <$ ad. sk. Dota, Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
;. Ad. sk. 

Irazu District, Costa Eica Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Rogers). 

h. S ad. sk. Costa Eica (Ccmnoil). Sclater Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
m, n. S S ad. sk. Volcan de Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
p. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of JE. pudica.) 
r, s. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

t. 
S ad. sk. Sta. Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. Ad. sk. Sta. Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salmon [C.]. 
v. Ad. sk. Antioquia, II. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. Ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmori). Sclater Coll. 
A*. $ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezeula (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
11. Elainea olivina, (Plate XII.) 
Elainea 
olivina, Salvin et Godman, Ibis, 1884, p. 446; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 294. 

Above dark olive-brown; head slightly crested, with a large 

wThite basal spot: wings and tail blackish; tips of the wing-coverts, 

forming two well-marked transverse bands, and outer margins of 

external secondaries white, other secondaries with slight whitish 

margins: beneath pale yellowish, rather more cinereous on the throat; 

under wTing~eoverts white; bill brown, paler at the base of the 

lower mandible; feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 

2*8. Female similar. 

Hob. Interior of British Guiana. 

This species is closely allied to E. frantzii, but is rather smaller 

in dimensions, of darker colour above and much more yellowish 

below. 

a} b. <$ ad. *, c-e.Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

$ ad. sk. (Whitehj). (Types of the species.) 

f,g. 6 Sad.sk. Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 

{Whitehj). 

12. Elainea pallatangae. 
Elainea pallantangse, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, pi. sli.; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 217 ; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835 ; Sol et Salv. KomencL p. 48; 
Tacz. Orn. Ph\ ii. p. 264; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118,123. 
Elainea albiceps, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, 1879, p. 234, et 
1882, p. 19 (?). ? r 
Above dark olive-brown, rather lighter on the rump; head 
slightly crested, with a white basal spot; wings and tail blackish 
brown; two bands on the wing-coverts and outer margins of 

51 . ELAINEA.. 
147 

external secondaries white, other secondaries with slight whitish 
margins: beneath pale yellowish, cinereous on the throat; under 
wing-coverts pale yellowish; bill brown, lower mandible paler; 
feet blackish : whole length 5-8 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2*0. Female 
similar, but white vertical spot sometimes absent. 

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. 
This species is closely allied to E. olivina, but is not quite so 
dark above and not quite so yellow below. The under wing-coverts 
are yellowish, not white. 

a, b. § ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. Jr. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). L. Fraser. 
d. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman CoU. 
e,f Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
13. Elainea fallax. 
Elainea sp. ex Jamaica, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 314. 
Elainea fallax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 832 : id. Cat, 


A. B. p. 217 j Scl. et Salv. NotnencL p. 48. 
Head and wing of Elainea fallax. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 833.) 

Above dark olive-brown; head darker, slightly crested, with a 
large white basal spot; wings and tail blackish; tips of wing-
coverts forming two white cross bands, and outer margins of 
external secondaries whitish ; rest of wing- and tail-feathers 
slightly margined with olivaceous: below pale yellowish, rather 
lighter on the middle of the throat; under wing-coverts pale 
yellowish; bill dark brown, lower mandible pale at the base; feet 
blackish: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-5. Female 
similar. 

Hab. Jamaica. 

E. fallax is closely allied to the three preceding species, but may 
be distinguished by its smaller size and shorter bill. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Jamaica ( Ward). Sclater Coll. 

(Types of E. fallax?) 
Jamaica (Newton). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c, d. $ $ ad. sk. 

i2 

148 TYEAJraTD-ffl. 

14. Elainea placens. 
Contraniaestre pardo verdoso corona amarUla, Azara, Aptmt. ii. 
p. 57 (?). 
Sylvia vindicate, Vieill Nbuv. Diet. xi. p. 171; id. Uric. Meth. 
p. 433 (?). 
Muscicapara viridicata, cPOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 325 (certe). 
Helinaea vindicate, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 11. 
Muscicapa elegans, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 52 (Bolivia). 
Elainea placens, Sol. P.Z.8. 1859, p. 46 (Hex. et Guatemala), 
1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 835 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Scl et Sate. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 123, pi. 4. f. 2; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359, 1868, 
pp. 628, 631, 1873, p. 279, 1876, pp. 16, 17; iid. Nomend. p. 48; 
Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 194; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197; Laiur. Ami. 

L. N. Y. vii. p. 328, ix. pp. 112, 201; Fronts. J. f. O. 1869, 
p. 307; Tacz. P. Z. S.1877, p. 325 (Peru) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 447 (Costa Eica). 
Elainea grata, Cab. J.f. 0.1883, p. 216 (Tucuman) ? 
Above dull olive-green; head dark cinereous, slightly crested, 
with a large basal spot of bright yellow; lores and eye-region 
mixed with whitish : wings and tail ashy black, with slight margins 
of the same colour as the back: beneath pale cinereous; belly, crissum, 
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill blackish; 
feet dark brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-5. Female 
similar. 

Hab. Prom Mexico throughout Central and Southern America to 
Brazil and Bolivia. 

As will be seen by the list of localities we have now specimens of 
this species, originally described as E. placens from Mexican skins 
and generally known under that name, from Southern Peru and 
Brazil. I have examined specimens of Muscicapara viridicata of 
d'Orbigny from Bolivia, and find that they cannot be separated 
from the Peruvian bird. It is perhaps a little doubtful whether 
Azara's bird, upon which Yieillot founded his Sylvia viridicata? 
should be referred here; but it is quite probable that the species 
also extends to Paraguay, and that the Elainea grata of Cabanis 
from Tucuman also belongs to it. But I am unwilling to alter the 
name to E. viridicata until a further supply of southern specimens 
has been obtained. To employ the name elegans^ which d'Orbigny 
and Lafresnaye first assigned to their Bolivian birds, would only 
create fresh difficulties by confounding this species with E. elegans 

of Pelzeln. 
a. $ ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico (SalU). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Tres Marias Is., W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. e. Ad. sk.
f-l Ad. sk.
m. 2 ad. sk.
(Forrer). 
Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Volcan de Agua, above SanDiego (Salvin). 
Sal?in-Grodman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. Ad. sk. Betaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk. 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

51 . ELAINEA.. 
140 
r. $ ad. sk. 
Barranca, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sidvin-Godman Coll. 

s. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arc6). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. 
<5 ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arc6). Salvin-Godman Coll 
u. $ ad. sk Ohitra, Veragua (AreS). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
v. c? ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll 
w. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
&, V* 6 ad. sk. 

Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

z. Ad. sk. 
Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

a\ <$ ad. sk. 

Panama (McLeannan). Twoeddale Coll. 
5'. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (
c'. c? Ad.sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. ( 


(Typos of J?, implacens.)
d*. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
#'. J1 ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Gdering).

f. 6 ad. sk. Maranura, South Peru (Whitely) Salvin-Godman Coll 
g\ Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Berlepsch). Sclater Coll. 
#. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 

15. Elainea subplaceiis, 
Elainea subplacens, Sclater, P. Z. S.1861, p. 407; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218; 
id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; ScL et Salv. Nbmend. p. 48• Berl. et 
Tacz. P. Z. S.1888, p. 555, et 1885, p. 122; Tacs. Orn. Per. ii. 

p. 268. 
Yery similar in all respects to E. jplacens, and distinguished only 
by its larger size and duller colour above. It is also, perhaps, 
slightly paler below. "Whole length 5*9 inches, wing 3, tail 2*9. 

Eab. Western Ecuador. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Pallatanga {Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types 
of E. suhplacem.) 

e. S ad. sk. Pallatanga (Fraser). L. Fraser [0.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(lllingworth). 
e. Ad. sk. Puna Island, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
16. Elainea cotta. 
Elainea cotta, 
Gosse, Ann. K E. ser. 2, iii. p. 257 (1840); id. IllB. 
Jam. pi. 45; Sclater, P. Z. S.1861, pp. 70,408; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218 ; 
Aforicht, J.f. 0.1862, p. 108 * ScL P. Z. S. 1876, p. 835? ScL et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 48. 

Above olive-brown, slightly greenish on the rump; bead darker, 
slightly crested, with a large basal spot of bright yellow; wings and 
tail brownish black; secondaries slightly margined externally 
with yellowish: beneath pale cinereous, belly tinged with sulphur-
yellow; tinder wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill brown, 
naler at the base of the lower mandible; feet black: whole length 
5 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1*5. Female similar, but without the 
yellow vertical spot. 

ffab, Jamaica, 

TYRANNIUffi. 

This bird belongs to the group of E. placens, but is smaller in 
size than that species, and has a more constricted bill; it is also 
much darker in colour above. 

a3 b. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Ooll. 
c. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
/ . 5 ad. sk. 
Jamaica. 
Jamaica (Netotori). 
P. H. Gosse [C I 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Jamaica. 
Jamaica (Chitty). 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Jardine Coll. 

17. Elainea gaimardi. 
Muscicapa albicilla, dOrb. et Lafr. Syn. i. p. 52 (1837). 
Muscicapara gaimardi, WOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 326 (1840). 
Elainea caniceps, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 217; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, 


et 1870, p. 835 ; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 107 ; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 978, et 1873, p. 279; Cab. J.f.O.n. 1874, p. 88; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 369. 
Elainea elegans, Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 107; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1868, 
pp. 628, 631, et 1879, p. 614; Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 266; Sab. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guiana). 

Elainia macilvainii, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 10 (1871) ; Sah. Ibis, 
1874, p. 315 (Panama). 

Above pale greenish olive ; head blackish, slightly crested, with 
a large basal spot of yellowish white, more or less strongly coloured; 
wings and tail blackish brown; wing-coverts broadly margined 
with yellowish white, forming two transverse bands; secondaries 
externally margined with yellowish white: beneath pale cinereous ; 
abdomen more or less strongly tinged with sulphur-yellow; under 
wing-coverts sulphur-yellow; bill dark horn-colour; feet black: 
whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2. Female similar. 

Hab. S. America, from Panama down to Brazil and Bolivia. 

Mr. Salvin and I have hitherto referred specimens of this species 
to E. caniceps, Sw., and E. elegans, Pelz. But there is much variation 
in the tinge of yellow in the crest, which was our chief guide 
in separating these two supposed species. I now unite the whole 
series under the title E. gaimardi, having ascertained that the 
Muscicapara gaimardi of d'Orbigny undoubtedly belongs here. 

a. J ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Bogota. * Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. San Estaban, Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
Ti. 
Ad. sk. San Estaban, Venezuela Sclater Coll. 
(Goering). 

i. J ad. sk. San Estaban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
j, Jc. S $ sk. Poraima,Br. Guiana (Whitely). SaMn-Godman Coll. 

I. $ ad. sk, Boraima;Br. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
51 . EIAINEA. 
m. $ ad. sk. 
Merum<$ Mts., Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Whitely). 

nf °- 6 S ad. sk. 
Camacusaj Brit. Guiana 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Whitely). 
lh £• c? 2 a<3-sk- Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

r. Ad. sk. 
Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. 
Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased. 
u. $ 
ad. sk. Borba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
„ , ^ ^ (Typical of J?, e^aww, Pelz.) 
v. S ad. sk. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauwvett). Sclater Coll. 
w. $ ad. sk. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Bawivell). Salvin-Godman Coll 
x. Ad. sk. Sirnacu, Bolivia {Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll, 
y, Ad. sk. Brazil (?). Purchased. 
18. Elainea flavivertex. 
Elainea flavivertex, Scl P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49. 
Above olive-green, rather paler on the rump; head blackish, 
slightly crested, with a large basal spot of bright yellow; wings 
blackish, both rows of wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish, 
forming two transverse bands ; secondaries margined externally 
with yellowish; tail brown, with slight olivaceous margins: beneath 
cinereous, lighter on the throat; belly tinged with sulphur-yellow ; 
nnder wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill brown; feet blackish ; 
whole length. 4*6 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2-1. 

Hab. Upper Amazonia. 
This species resembles E. gaimardi, but is much darker below, 
and has a fiery yellow crest like E. placens. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett), Sclater Coll. ^ (Type 
of the species). 
b. Ad. sk. 
Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). E. Bartlett [0.]. 
c. Ad. sk. 
Elvira, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
19. Elainea caniceps. 
Tyrannula caniceps, Sw. B. Brazil, t. 49; Bp. Consp. i. p. 191. 
Elainea caniceps, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 107 (?). 

Above olive-green; npper part of the back cinereous; head dark 
cinereous, slightly crested, with a large basal spot of white, slightly 
tinged with yellow; wings and tail blackish ; tips of wing-coverts, 
forming two transverse bands, and outer margins of the secondaries 
pale yellowish white: beneath pale cinereous, almost white on the 
belly; crissum and under wing-coverts slightly tinged with yellow : 
bill dark brown; feet blackish: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-2, 
tail 1-7. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

My description is from a single skin from the collection of Messrs. 
Salvin and Godman, which is, I think, more likely to be the true 
Tyrannula caniceps of Swainson than any other bird I hare met 

152 TYKANTSTID^. 

with. It belongs to the group of E. gaimardi, but is of a nearly 
uniform cinereous white below, with very slight tinge of yellowish, 
as portrayed in Swainson's figure. A similar skin is in Graf v. 
Berlepsch's collection. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvm-Godman Coll. 
20. Elaiaea ruficeps. 
Elainea ruficeps, Pek. Urn. Bras, pp. 108, 179 $ Scl. et Salv. Nommcl. 
p. 49; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294 
Above dark olive-brown; head slightly crested, with a large 
nuchal spot of dull red; wings and tail blackish; tips of the wing-
coverts, forming two bars, and outer margins of external secondaries 
whitish: beneath dirty white, obscurely streaked with cinereous; 
belly tinged with yellowish; under wing-coverts clear yellowish 
white; bill brown, paler at the base of the lower mandible ; feet 
black : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-2. Female similar, 
but red nuchal spot less developed. 

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia. 
This species is very well marked by its dark colour and red 
erest. 


a-c. <$ ad. ; d-f. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
S ? ad. sk. (WMtely). 
g, h. <$ $ ad. sk. MerumS Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
i Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

21. Elainea obscura. 
Muscipeta obscura, Lafr. et d?Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 48 (1837). 
Muscipeta guillemini, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 319. 
Elainea rustica, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 408; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218. 
Elainea obscura, Cab, in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 158 ; Cab. et 


Eein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 06; Scl P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 108; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 187G, p. 16 ; iid. Nomencl p. 49 ; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536,1879, p. 235, et 1880, p. 203 ; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 270. 

Muscicapa olivacea, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 54 (?). 
Muscicapara boliviana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 458 (?). 
Elainea olivacea, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, et 1861, p. 408 id. Cat. 


A. B. p. 218. 
Elainea obscura rustica, Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, 
p. 132. 
Above dark olive-brown; head slightly crested, but with no vertical 
spot; wings and tail blackish brown; tips of wing-coverts, 
forming two transverse bands, and outer margins of external secondaries 
dirty white: beneath cinereous, middle of belly yellowish; 
under wing-coverts greyish white; bill brown, pale reddish at the 

51 . ELAINEA. 
153 
base; feet dark horn-colour: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*5, 
tail 3*3. Female similar. 
Hal. Southern Brazil, Bolivia, and Southern Peru. 
The large size and entire absence of the vortical spot distinguish 

this species. 
a. g ad. sk.
b, c. <3 ad. sk. 
Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (JVatt). 
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 6 ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S ad. sk.
Brazil (Joyner). 
Lagoa Santa, Minas,
(Lund). 
Brazil Sclater Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk. Rio Grande do Sul, Biazil Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
h. Jr.sk.
{Jhering). 
South Brazil (Sells). 
Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
i}j. Ad sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Bitchley), 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. J. Gould, Esq. 
I. Ad. sk. Huiro, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
m. (S ad. sk. Huiro, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
22. Elainea mesoleuca. 

Elainea mesoleuca, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 60; Scl. Cat 

A. B. p. 217; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 835; Sel et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 49 ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 132. 
Muscipeta modesta, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 923 (?). 

Above uniform olive-green: wings and tail blackish brown; tips 
of wing-coverts, forming two transverse bars, and outer margins of 
external secondaries white; rest of wing and tail-feathers very 
narrowly margined with olive: beneath pale grey, tinged with olive-
green on the breast and flanks; middle of belly pure white ,* under 
wing-coverts white tinged with yellowish; upper mandible brown, 
lower white, tipped with brown; feet dark brown: whole length 
5-2 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*5. Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

Some specimens of E. albiceps, in which the vertical spot is absent, 
come very near this species, and have caused me some difficulty. 
But the examples assigned to this species are of a clearer lighter 
olive-green above, although I am by no means sure that they are 
anything more than females and young of B. albicejps. (Cf. v. Bcrlepsch, 
Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 133.) 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Sclater Coll. 
bj c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
23. Elainea arenarum. 
Elainea 
arenarum, Salv. P. Z.8. 1863, p. 190; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. 
ix p. 112 5 Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, p. 307; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 49. 
Above dark cinereous with a slight olive tinge; head, wings, and 

154 TYKAOTID.^). 

tail blackish; outer margins of wing-coverts and secondaries and 
narrow tips of tail-feathers whitish : beneath, throat and breast pale 
cinereous white; belly and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; 
bill horn-colour; feet blackish : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2-7, 
tail 2-6. 

Hab. Costa Eica. 

Only known from the type specimen. 

a. $ ad. sk. Punta Arenas, Costa Eica (0. Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Salvin). (Type of the species.) 
24. Elainea afliiiis. 

Elainea affinis, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 477; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 108; 
Sel P. Z. S. 1870, p. 838; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49. 
Muscicapa jocosa, Lu?id, MS. 

Above grey; rump yellowish ; wings blackish; wing-coverts and 
outer secondaries externally margined with greyish white : tail 
black, with a broad yellowish-white band at the base, and slight 
whitish end-band : beneath, throat and breast pale cinereous; belly 
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*2, tail 2*8. Female similar. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. $ ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Minas, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll. 
b. J ad. sk. Eio das Pedras, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
52. EMPIDAGRA. 
Type. 
Suiriri, cPOrl. Voy., Ois. p. 336 (1840) . E. suiriri. 
Ernpidagra, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein, ii. p. 59 (1859) E. suiriri. 
Ernpidagra comes very close to Elainea, but may be distinguished 

by its stronger bill. I am only acquainted with the typical species 
from Paraguay and Argentina, but there is said to be another in 
Peru and Guiana. 

1. Ernpidagra suiriri. 
Suiriri ordinaria, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 111. 
Muscicapa suiriri, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 487; id. Em. Meth. ii. 


p. 820; d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 51. 
Fluvicola suiriri, Hartl. 2nd. Az. p. 12. 
Suiriri suiriri, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 336. 
Taenioptera suiriri, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 519; id. La-Plata JReise, 
ii. p. 460. 
Empidagra suiriri, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59; Scl. et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 633, et 1879, p. 614,-Cab. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 197. 
Pachyrhamphus albescens, Gould, Zool. Voy. c Beagle,1 iii. p. 50, 
t. xiv. 
Elainea albescens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186; Burm. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 634 
(Buenos Ayres). 

Above cinereous; wings and tail blackish; all the wing-coverts 

53 . LEGATUS. 
155 

and outer secondaries broadly margined externally with white; 

outer webs of outer tail-feathers white ; outer edges of primaries and 

narrow ends of tail-feathers cinereous: beneath white; under wiDg


coverts pale yellowish white: bill and feet black: whole length 5-5 

inches, wing 2-9, tail 2*5. 

Hal. Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine Eepublic, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Uruguay. 
Alan Peel [0.]. 
6. $ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Eudsori). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Q. Darwin [0.]. 
(Type of Pacliyrhamphus albescens, Gould.) 
d. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Burmeister). Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
g, k Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (?). J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Empidagra brevirostris. 
Elainea brevirostris, Tscli. Wiec/m. Arch, x. Bd. i, p. 274 (1844); id. 
F. P., Aves, p. 159; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 272 ; Cab. in Schomb. 
Guiana, iii. p. 701; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295. 
Empidagra brevirostris, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59. 


" Above cinereous olive; cap darker; wings and tail brown; 
lesser wing-coverts brown tipped with white : beneath yellowish; 
throat white." (TscTiudi.) 

Hab. Eastern Peru and Guiana. 

53. 
LEGATUS. 
Type. 
Legatus, Scl. P. Z. & 1859, p. 46 L. albicollis. 
In Legatus, a form of much the same general structure as the two 
preceding genera, we find a rather shorter and much wider bill. 
This form ranges throughout the Neotropical Eegion except in the 
extreme south. 

1. Legatus albicollis. 
Barbichon de Cayenne ($), Daub. PI. J5W. 830. f. 2. 
Suiriri chorreado sin roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 123. 
Tyrannus albicollis, Vieill Nbuv* Diet. xxxv. p. 89 j id. Em. Mtth. 


p. 854. 
Muscicapalegatus, Licht. Doubly. 50. 
Muscicapa citrina, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 917. 
Muscipeta albicollis, d'Orb. et Lap. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; d'Orb. Voy., 
Ois. p. 318. 
Tyrannus circumcinctus, 8w. Orn. Dr. pi. 50. 
Tyrannula albicollis, Eartl. Ind. Azar. p. 12. 
Elaenea albicollis, Cab. in Sclwmb, Guian. iii. p. 701; Burm. Syst. 

Ueb. ii. p. 473. 
Legatus albicollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, et 1860, p. 68; id. Cat 

A. B. p. 218: Cab. et Bern. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 60; Law. Ann. 
L N. T. vii. p. 472, viii. p. 177, be p. 112; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
TYKAOTIDJ2. 

1864 p. 359, 1867, pp. 148, 577, et 1879, p. 614; iid. Nomencl 

p. 49 f Fronts:. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 307 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197 ; 
id. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Brit. Guiana) ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 108 ; 
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Bone. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124; Tacz. 
P Z 8.1882, p. 20; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 273 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 556; Berl J.f. 0. 1884, p. 302. 
Elssnia variegata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296. 
Legatus variegatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 366, et 1864, p. 175 ; id. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 442 ; id. Cat A. B. p. 217 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. 

ii. p. 60; 8cl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 123; iid. Nomencl. p. 49; 
Laior. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. pp. 328, 472, ix. p. 112; Cab. J. f. O. 
1861, p. 245; Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 307. 
Above brown ; bead ratber darker; superciliaries connected by a 
stripe round tbe nape white; more or less concealed vertical spot 
sulphur-yellow; wings and tail blackish brown; narrow external 
edgings to the wing-coverts and outer secondaries whitish: beneath, 
throat wrhite, bordered on each side by a narrow black mystacal 
stripe; breast nammulated with blackish; belly and under wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow: bill and feet black : whole length 5*8 
inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-5, Female similar. 

Hob. America, from Mexico southwards to South Brazil. 

At one time I thought it possible to distinguish the Mexican form of 
this species as E. variegata, but the examination of the large series 
now before me has convinced me that no such separation is necessary. 
Some Mexican specimens are certainly of abnormally large dimensions 
(wing 3*7), but in other respects may be matched by examples 
from more southern localities. 

a. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. Salle [C.]. (Type of 
L. variegatus, Scl.) 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Las Salinas, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Cahabon, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Chisec, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. $ ad. sk. San JosS, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. Ad.; Tucurriqui, Costa Pica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Jr. sk. 
Jc. Ad. sk. La Barranca, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
I, m. S ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. <$ jr. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. Ad.; r, Panama (McLeannari). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. 2 ad.sk. 
t. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll. 
u. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama (Hughes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. $ ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (8i?nons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. 6 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
x. Ad. sk. Bogota. ' Sclater Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
*. Jr. sk. Bogota. X Gould, Esq. 
54 . 8TJBLEGATUS. 
S ad.sk. Camacusa,Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
//. cJ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Whitely). 

cr. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
d'. Ad. sk. Para,Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
e\ Ad. sk. Para ( Wallace). Sclater Coll. 

Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f-

S ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll 

.</'. 

i. 
i.
»\ Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 

54. SUBLEGATUS. 
Type. 

Sublegatus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 172 S. glaber. 

Structure of Sublegatus glaber. (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 172.) 

This is a modified form of Legatus with a nearly similar bill but 
not quite so wide, and the rictus nearly smooth. The three species 
are found in South America from Cayenne to Argentina. 

1. Sublegatus glaber. 
Muscicapa griseicollis, Held, in Mus. Berol. 
Legatus sp. inc., Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 219. 
Sublegatus glaber, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171, pi. xiii. fig. 2; 


iid. Nomencl. p. 49; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia). 
Empidonax atrirostris, Lawr. Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1871, p. 234; cf. 
Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 316. 

Above dark cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tinge ; head, wings, 
and tail blackish; slight outer margins of the wing-coverts and 
external secondaries and lores whitish: beneath, throat and breast 
pale cinereous white; belly and under wing-coverts pale lemon-
yellow ; bill dark brown; feet blackish : whole length 5-3 inches, 
wing 2*8, tail 2-6. Female similar. 

Hah. "Venezuela and Colombia. 

158 TYKA.KISTD.2B. 
a. d ad. sk. Caraccas, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. 2 ad. sk.
e. S ad. sk.
d. Jr. sk. 
Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). 
Valencia (Goemig). 
Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
f. Jr. st. 
Bogota. 
S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

2. Sublegatus griseocularis. 
Elainea griseocularis, Landbech, MS. 
Sublegatus griseocularis, Scl etSalv. P. Z. S.1876, p. 17; Tacz. Orn. 
PSr. ii. p. 274; Scl et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 147. 

Above cinereous; wings and tail dark ashy brown; margins of 
wing-coverts and outer secondaries whitish: beneath, throat and 
breast pale cinereous white; belly and under wing-coverts pale 
lemon-yellow; bill horn-colour; feet dark brown: whole length 
5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*5. Female similar. 
Mab. S. Peru and Northern La Plata. 

In general colour this species much resembles S. glaber, but it is 
rather more cinereous above, has a shorter and smaller bill, and is 
rather smaller in dimensions. 

a. $ ad. sk. Marannra, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ jr. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ jr. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll. 
3. Sublegatus platyrhynclras. 
Muscipeta incanescens, Max. Beitr, iii. p. 898 (1831)? 
Sublegatus incanescens, Sab. et Godm. Ibis, 1881, p. 124(Colombia). 
Sublegatus murinus, Scl et Salv. Nomenel p, 49 (nee Spix). 
Phyllomyias platyrhyncha, Scl et Salv. Nomenel. pp. 48, 159. 
Phyllomyias semifusca, Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 105 (nee Scl). 


Above ashy brown, head rather darker; wings and tail blackish, 
wing-coverts and secondaries margined externally with whitish: 
beneath, throat and breast pale cinereous white; belly and under 
wing-coverts pale lemon-yellow; bill and feet dark brown: whole 
length 4-5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2*3. Female similar. 

Mab. S.E. Brazil. 

Of the same general colour as the last two species, but slightly 
smaller in size than S. griseocularis and of a darker colour above. 
Whether this is really the Muscipeta incanescens, Max., seems to be 
doubtful. I therefore use for it a name which has certainly been 
applied to it. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. Jr. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Jr. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
55. 
MYIOZETETES. 
159 

d. 5 ad. sk. Goiaz, Brazil (Mtterei-). SclaterColl. (Typeof 
Phyllomyias pla fyrhyucha.) 
e. Jr. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(Wallace). 
f. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
(j. S ad. sk. Minca, S.N. of Santa Marta Sal vin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons). (Probably different.) 

55. 
MYIOZETETES. 
_. , _ _ 
Type. 

Myiozeta, Bp. Consp. Syst. Orn. p. 30 (1854). 

Myiozetetes, 8cl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46 M. cayennensis. 

This is a widely prevalent form of Tyrannine life all through the 
Neotropical Kegion, except in Chili and Patagonia. The species are 
very difficult to discriminate satisfactorily, but I am disposed to 
allow seven as really separable. 

In structure Myiozetetes is a robust version of Mlalnea, with a 
stronger beak and feet, and slightly bristled rictus. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
With white superciliaries. 
a'. Primaries margined outwardly and inwardly 
with red. 
\ Larger; red on wing more prevalent 1. erythropterus, p. 159. 
( Smaller; red on wing less prevalent 2. cayennensis, p. 160. 

b'. 
Primaries margined outwardly with red, 
inwardly with fulvous 3. simttis, p. 161. 
c'. Primaries margined outwardly with olivaceous, 
inwardly with fulvous 4. texensis, p. 162. 

B. Without white superciliaries. 
d'. Head grey. 
I Smaller j bill shorter 5. granadetisis, p. 163. 
j Larger ; bill longer 6. sulphureus, p. 164. 

e\ Head dark olive like the back 7. luteiventris, p. 164. 

1. Myiozetetes erythropterus. 
Tyrannula erythroptera, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. B6. 
Myiozetetes erythropterus, Scl P. Z. S.1871, p. 751; 8d. et Salv. 
^Nbmencl p. 49. 

Above dark olive-brown; head black; large and distinct superciliaries 
white; large vertical crest orange and yellow, tipped with 
black ; wings and tail blackish, external webs of basal two thirds of 
primaries bright rufous; wing-coverts like the back: beneath sulphur-
yellow; throat white; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; 
under surface of wings pale rufous, with the apical portion black ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 indies, wing 3*9, tail 34 . 
Female similar. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 
This southern form of M. cayennensis may perhaps be allowed to 


160 TIEAKNIB^J. 

stand as distinct, though I have seen specimens of the northern bird 
which come very near to it. It is distinguishable by its larger size 

and by tho greater extent of the chestnut colour on the wing. 

a. Ad. sk. Santa"F6, Minas, Brazil (Rogers). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. si Brazil. Purchased. 

2. Myiozetetes cayennensis. 
Muscicapa cayanensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 327. 
Elsenea cayanensis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701. 
Myiozetetes cayennensis, Sol. P. Z. S.1859, p. 45, et 1871, pp. 751, 


752 j id. Cat A. B. p. 219,-Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569 j Lawr. 
Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 295; Taylor, Ibis, 1864. p. 86; Sel et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189, 1867, pp. 279,577, 978, 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela), 
et 1876, p. 16; iid. JVomencl.ipAQ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109 j 
Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, p. 556, et 1885, p. 68 ; BerL J.f.O. 
1884, p. 302; Tacz. Orn. Pe?\ ii. p. 275; 8alv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 
(Br. Guiana). 
Myiozetetes guianensis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 61; 8cl.P. Z.8. 
1860, p. 283, et 1871, p. 751; id. Cat. A. B. p. 212; 8cl. et Salv. 

P. Z. S.1867, p. 279, et 1868, p. 168; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333. 
Myiozetetes marginatus, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 182; id. Ann. L. 2V. Y. 
viii. p. 8, et ix. p. 112; Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 307. 
Myiozetetes rufipennis, Lawr. Ami. L. N. Y. ix. p. 267; 8cl P. Z. S. 
1871, pp. 751, 752 ; Sol. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 49. 

Above dark olive-brown; head black; superciliary stripe white; 
large vertical crest orange mixed with yellow, and more or less 
tipped with black; wings and tail blackish, outer margins of greater 
part of primaries and inner secondaries rufous : beneath bright yellow, 
throat white ; under wing-coverts yellow, inner webs of wing-
feathers (except the apical portion) pale rufous; bill and feet black: 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing B'2, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hal. From Panama southwards through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, 
Venezuela, and Guiana, to Lower Amazonia. 

I am now convinced that it is impossible to keep M. rufipennis, 
Lawr., of Venezuela, separate, as Mr. Salvin and I have done in the 
6 Nomenclator.' There are specimens from Ecuador which show 
quite as much red on the wing. In Bogota skins of this variable 
species the red is usually not so much developed. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Hughes). 

c. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Magdalena Valley (Wyatt). Salvin-Godman Coll 
e. ? ad. sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman CoU* 
f. g. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. (Minlos). Sclater Coll. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll*. 
j Ad sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
I Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
55 . MTIOZETEIES. 161 
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o, p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk. 
Quito. 
Balzar Mountains, Ecuador 
(Illingiuorth). 
Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Venezuela (Qoerinq). 
Trinidad. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
s. tf ad. sk. Boraima, British Guiana Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
tf, «. c? ad.; -y.
$ ad.sk.
w. Ad. sk. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
(Whztely). 
Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
x. Ad. bk. Para, Lower Amazons (WalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
lace). 

3. Myiozetetes similis. 
Muscicapa similis, 8pix} Av. Bras, ii. p. 18, pi. 25. 
Muscipeta cayennensis, Lafr. et d'Orb, Syn, Av. i. p. 47 ; d'Orb. Voy., 


Ois. p. 317. 
Tyrannuia similis, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 49. 
Elaenea miles, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 474. 
Myiozetetes similis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 61; Scl. Cat. A. B. 

p. 219; id. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 751, 753 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 279, et 1879, p. 614 ; lid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 569; Felz. Orn. Bras. p. 109; Layard, Ibis. 1873, p. 382 
(Para); Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 88; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342 
(Pernainbuco). 
Above dark olive-brown; head black; superciliaries white, vertical 
crest bright red, more or less tipped with black; wings and tail 
blackish; wing-coverts, outer secondaries, and tail-feathers slightly 
margined with ochreous white; primaries narrowly bordcrod with 
rufous : beneath bright yellow; throat white; under wing-coverts 
yellow; inner margins of primaries pale fulvous; bill and feet 
black: whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3. Female 
similar. 

Bah. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Prov. of Rio Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro, S.E. Brazil (Youds). 

i. Ad. sk. Santa Fe", Minas (Rogers), Sclater Coll. 
j. $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
m. 6 ad. sk. Para (Layard). 

vol.. xrv. 

162 TYRANNHX2E. 

4. Myiozetetes tezensis. 
Tyrannula cayennensis, Szv. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367 (Mexico). 
Tyrannus superciliosus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 118 (Guatemala)? 
Muscicapa texensis, Giraud, B. of Texas, pi. 1; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 65. 
Elamia texensis, Scl. P. Z. S.1856, p. 296. 
Elsenia mexicana, Kaup in Mus. Berol. et Hein. 
Myiozetetes texensis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366, 1864, p. 423, 
1871, pp. 751, 753; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 123; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 279, 1870, p. 837, et 1879, p. 513 ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 49; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 62; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. 
N. T. viii. p. 182, et ix. pp. 112, 201; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 64; 
Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 245; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63, et 1883, 
p. 447; Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, p. 307 ; Finsch, P. Z. S.1870, p. 569 ; 
Ridgw. P. U. 8. N. M. iii. pp. 186, 218, 229, iv. p. 212, v. p. 500, 
et ii. pp. 374, 384, 402 ; ii. Man. N. A. B. p. 331; Salv. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 423; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S, 1885, p. 118. 
Myiozetetes colombianus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. ilein. ii. p. 62; Scl. 

P. Z. S.1860, p. 295, et 1871, p. 751; id.Cat A.B.y. 219; Heine, J. 
f. 0.1861, p. 198; Lawr. Ann. X. N. Y. vii. p. 328, et ix. p. 89 ; id. 
*Ibis, 1862, p. 11; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1864, p. 359, et 1867, pp. 148, 
279; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197; Finsch, P. Z. S.1870, p. 569; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109. 
Myiozetetes cayennensis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 219; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1869, p. 598. 

Myiozetetes similis, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 279; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 537, et 1877, p. 326; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 276; Bed. et Tacz. 
P.Z.8.1885, p. 90. 

Myiozetetes texensis coliimbianus, Berl Ibis, 1884, p. 434. 
Myiozetetes icterophrys, Heine, J.f.O. 1861, p. 197 ? 
Myiozetetes grandis, Lawr. Proc. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1871, p. 234 (cf. Scl. 


P. Z. S. 1871, p. 753). 
Similar to M. similis, but generally of smaller dimensions, and 
with the back of a brighter olive-brown. 
Hab. From Mexico and Central America and South America down 
to Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. 

I think it will be ultimately hardly possible to maintain this 
species as distinct from M. similis, of which it is merely the northern 
form. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
c. <$ ad. sk. 
d. e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk, 
i. Ad. sk. 
Cordova, Mexico. 
Presidio, Mexico {Ferrer). 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). 
Acapulco, Mexico (Mar7cham). 
S. Mexico. 
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan-
A. Sall$ [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j , h. Ad. sk. 
I Ad. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
caneattx). 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Tactic, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Vera Paz (Constancia), 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

55. MYIOZETETES. 
163 

S ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (Safoin).
Ad. sk. SanPedro, Honduras (Whitely).
Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Endrh).
<S ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
$ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Ad. sk. Costa Rica (van Patten). 

v. 2 ad. sk. San Jose*, Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
w. Ad. sk. Castillo, Veragua (ArcS), 
x. 
<$ ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arci). 
y, 
z. Ad. ; a'. Veragua (Arc£), 
$ ad. sk. 

V. c?ad.j c\ Panama (McLeannan).
ad. sk. 
d'. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannaii).
e\ Ad. sk. Panama (Chambers).

f,y'. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
*h\ Ad. sk. Bogota. 
i'. S ad. sk. San Estaban, Venezuela 


(Goering),
/ . Ad. sk. La Guayra, Venezuela ( Wed


derburn). 
k'. Ad. sk. Trinidad. 
I', m'. Ad. sk. Trinidad. 
n\ Ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser), 
o'. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). 
p'. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. 
q', r'. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BucJcley). 
$'. S ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxicell). 

V. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Southern Peru 
(Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Twoeddalo Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Jardine Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
G.Barclay, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


5. Iffyiozetetes granadensis. 
Myiozetetes granadensis, Lazvr. Ibis, 1862, p. 11 (Panama) ; id. Ami. 
L. N. T. vii. p. 473, ix. p. 112; Sel Cat A. B. p. 219; id. P. ZS. 
1871, pp. 751, 754; 8cl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359,1867, p. 279, 
et 1869, p. 598 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 49; Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, p. 307; 
Taca. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 276; Berl et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 556. 
Above olive-green; head greyish, front whitish; sides of head 
black ; head slightly crested, crest-feathers bright red, tipped with 
grey; wings and tail blackish, with slight yellowish margins: 
beneath bright yellow; throat white; under wing-coverts pale yellow; 
bill and feet black: whole length &5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2*9. 
Female similar; bnt vertical spot less apparent. 

Hal. Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). 
b. Ad. sk. Bluefields Kiver (Wichham). 
c. Ad. sk. Chiriqui, Veragua (Arc£). 
d. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). 
e. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). 
f. S ad.sk. San Pablo St., Panama (Salviri). 
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
h. Ad. sk. Peru (Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

M2 

164 
TYRAlOnDJB. 

6. Myiozetetes stdplmretis. 
Muscicapa sulphurea, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 16, pi. 20. 
Tyrannuia peruviana, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1853, p. 56.^ 
Myiozetetes sulphureus, Cab. etHein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 61; ScL Cat. 


A. B. p. 220 f id. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 751, 754; Feb. Orn. Bras. 
p. 109; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl p. 49; iicl P. Z. S. 1873,p. 279; Tacz. 
Orn. PSr. ii. p. 277; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Br. Guiana). 
Tyrannus luggeri, Ridgw. Pr. TJ. S. N. M. i. p. 481 (cf. ScL P. Z. S. 
1880, p. 28). 

Above olive-green; head grey, "with a concealed yellow vertical 
crest; sides of head blackish; wings and tail blackish brown, 
slightly margined with rufous: beneath bright yellow ; throat and 
neck white, obsoletely striated with cinereous; under wing-coverts 
pale yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4*2, 
tail 3*1. Female similar. 

Hah. Guiana and Upper Amazonia. 

Nearly allied to M. granadensis, but distinguished by its larger 
size, longer bill, and yellow crest. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Ohamicuros, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
b. S ad. sk. Ohamicuros, Peruvian Amazons. E. Bartlett [0.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Samyacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. <S $ ad.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
(Whitely). 
Cayenne. Purchased. 

7. Myiozetetes luteiventris. 
Elamea luteiventris, ScL P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71, et 1859, p. 46. 
Myiozetetes luteiventris, ScL Cat. A. B. p. 219; id. P. Z. & 1871, 
pp. 751, 754; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109; ScL et Salv. NomencL 

p. 49 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 278. 
Above nearly uniform dark brown, with a slight olivaceous tinge 
and lighter edgings to the wing-coverts and secondaries; concealed 
vertical crest orange : beneath yellow, slightly nammnlated 
with olivaceous on the breast; throat white; nnder wing-coverts 
pale yellow; bill and feet black : whole length 5*3 inches, wing 3, 
tail 2-5. 

Bab. Guiana and Amazonia. 
Immediately distinguishable from the two preceding by its small 
size and dark head. 

a. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
56. EHrKCEOOYOITJS* 
165 

5Q. BHYNCHOCYCLUS. 
~. Type. 
Cyclmlyyncmis, Sund, Vet.-AK Handl 1835, p. 83 


(1830). R. olivaceus. 
Bhynchocyclus, Cab. et ffein. Mm. Eein. ii. p. 56 

(1859) B. flaviventer. 
Baniphotrigon, Bp. (1854)* R. ruficauda. 
In the typical species of Rliynchocydus, the much -widened and 

swollen hill is a very characteristic feature, hut, as will he seen on 
examination of R. flaviventris, this structure hecomes much modified 
towards the end of the series. The tarsi are rather feeble and the 
wings rather short. 

Bhynchocyclus inhabits the forests of the Neotropical Begion 
from S. Mexico to S. Brazil and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Wings and tail olivaceous. 
a. Bill much widened at base. 
a\ 
Breast olive. 
{ Bill longer 1. olivaceus, p. 165. 
< Bill intermediate 2. cequinoctialis, p. 166. 
( Bill shorter 3. brevirostris, p. 166. 

V. Breast fulvous 
4. fulvipeetus, p. 167. 
b. Bill moderately wide. 
c'. Breast yellowish. 
I Head lighter 5. sulphurescens, p. 168, 
(Head darker 6. peruvianus, p. 169. 

&'. Breast ashy 
7. einereiceps, p. 169. 

c. Bill more constricted. 
e'. Cap cinereous. 
j Throat greyish 8. megacephalus, p. 170. 
( Throat olivaceous 9. polioceplialus, p. 171. 

/' . 
Cap "olive like back. 
j Belly yellow > 10. viridiceps, p. 171. 
j Belly orange-yellow 11.flaviventris, p. 171. 

B. 
Wings and tail rufous 12. ruficauda, p. 172. 
1. Bhynchocyclus olivaceus. 
Platyrhynehus olivaceus, Temm. PL Col 12. rig. 1; Max. Beitr. iii. 
p. 969. 
Todus olivaceus, Zicht. JDoulL p. 51. 
Cyclorhynchus olivaceus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 248; Burm. 
Syst. Ueh. ii. p. 503. 
Bhynchocyclus olivaceus, Cab. et Kein. Mus. Bern, ii. p. 56; Sch 
Cat, A. B. p. 220; Bete. Orn. Bras. p. 109 j Sd. et Salv. Nomencl 

p. 49. 
Above olive-green; wings and tail dark brown; wing-coverts 
margined with fulvous; wing- and tail-feathers narrowly edged 
with olive-green: beneath cinereous olive; middle of belly and under 

* Of. Gray, Hand-1. i. p. 354, 
166 
TYRAJmLVM. 

wing-coverts pale yellowish; Ml above horn-colour, below whitish; 
feet brown: whole length &5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*8. Female 
similar. 

Hab. South-eastern Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. c. Ad. sk Bahia, Brazil. Sclater CoH 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Jardine Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sudbury Mus. 
2. Rhynchocyclus seqtdnoctialis. 
Cyclorhynchus asquinoctialis, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70. 
Rhynchocyclus sequinoctialis, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 56 ; 
Scl Cat. A. B. p. 220; id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 869; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 49. 
Above olive-green ; wings and tail dark brown, edged with olive-
green, which is rather brighter on the coverts and secondaries: 
beneath cinereous-olive, more greyish on the throat; middle of belly 
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; upper mandible dark 
horn-colour, lower whitish; feet pale brown: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 2*8, tail 2-3. Female similar, 
Hab. Ecuador and Western Colombia, north to Panama. 
Nearly allied to B. olivaceus, but apparently without the fulvous 
colour on the upper wing-coverts, brighter on the belly, and with a 
much shorter tail. In the form of the bill it comes nearer to B. 
olivaceus than to the northern B. brevirostris^ but is intermediate 
between the two. 

#, b. S $ ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeannan). 

c. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bucldey). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
h. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. 
Purchased. 
3. Rhynchocyclus brevirostris. 
Cyclorhynchus brevirostris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 249; Scl 
P. Z S. 1856, p. 296; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; Scl. et Sah. Ibis, 
I860, p. 399. ' 
Rhynchocyclus brevirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57 ; Scl 
Cat A. B. p. 220; Scl, et Salv. Nomencl p. 49; Salv, P. Z. & 
1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 197 (Veragua). 

Rhynchocyclus 
mesorhynchus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1865, p. 414 (Guatemala). 
Rhynchocyclus griseimentalis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y, ix. p. 112 
(Costa Rica); Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p, 315; Frantz. J.f 0.1869, 

p. 307. 
^ Above uniform olive-green ; wings and tail blackish brown, margined 
with olive-green: beneath paler; throat tinged with greyish, 

56. KKYtfCHOCyCLUS. 
middle of belly 
yellow; under wing-coverts creamy white; upper 

mandible dark horn-colour, lower whitish; feet pale brown : whole 

length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6. Female similar. 

Hah. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui. 

Northern specimens of this form are very easily distinguishable 
by the short beak; but this feature becomes less apparent as we 
go southwards, and at Panama the species gradually merges into 

M. ceqiiinoctialis. 
a. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. 
A. Sall<5 [C.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
d. $ ad. sk. Choctuin, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e-g. 
Ad.sk. Choctuin, Guatemala (Salvin ty Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Qodman). 

h. 
cf ad. sk. La Trinidad, Volcan de Fuego Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(SaMn). 
i. 
Ad. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Rogers), 
j. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Fndrhs). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmzol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I 3 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. tfad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
p. <$ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Southern slope of the Vole, of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqui (ArcS). 
r. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arc4). Sclater Coll. 
4. RhynchocyclTis Mvipectus. (Plate XIII.) 
Cyclorhynchus Mvipectus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92. 
Rhynchocyclus Mvipectus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 220; Scl. et Sah. 
Nommicl p. 49; iid. P.Z.S 1879, p. 513,-Tacts. RZ.JS.1S74, 

p. 537, et 1882, p. 20; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 279; Tacz. et Berl 
P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 90,116. 
Above olive-green; head darker and tinged with fulvous \ wings 
blackish brown, margined with fulvous; tail brown, with slight 
olivaceous margins : beneath, throat and breast fulvous; middle of 
belly yellow; flanks more olivaceous; under wing-coverts pale 
yellow; upper mandible dark horn-colour; lower whitish; feet dark 
brown: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 3, tail 24 . Female similar. 
Hob. Ecuador and Colombia. 

This species is of nearly the same form and size as R. olivaceus 
and its allies, but is readily known by its fulvous throat and brown 

tail. 
a. Ad. sk.
b, c. Ad. sk. 
d. Jr. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
Nanegal (Fraser). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayaeu, Ecuador [Buckley). 
Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. 
Sclater Coll. # (Type 
of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 

168 TYEANNIDJS. 
/ . Ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
(Salmon). 
Bogota. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

5. KhyEcliocyclus sulplmrescens. 
Platyrkynchus sulplmrescens, Spix, Av. Bras, ii, p. 10, pi. 12. f. 1. 
Platyrhynckus nuchalis, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 971. 
Cyclorhynchus sulplmrescens, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 249; 

Scl. Ibis, 1859, p. 444. 
Cyclorhynchus nuchalis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 503. 
Rhynchocyclus sulplmrescens, Cab. et Hein. 3Ius. Hein. ii. p. 56 

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 220; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 578, 751, 
1868, p. 168, et 1873, p. 279 ; iid. Nomenrt. p. 49; Lawr. Ann. L. 

N. Y. ix. pp. 112,146 j Frantz. J.f. 0. 1809, p. 307; Feb. Orn. 
Bras. p. 109 ; Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 88 ; Bone. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63 ; 
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20 ; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 280; Berl J.f 0. 1884, p. 302 ; Salv. P.Z.S. 1885, 

p. 295 (Brit. Guiana). 
Rhyncliocyclus flayo-olivaceus, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, 
p. 198 (Veragua). 
Rhynchocyclus marginatus, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1868, p. 429 
(Panama). 
Rhynchocyclus assimilis, Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 110. 

Above olive-green; head washed with cinereous; lores and line 
round the eye whitish; wings blackish brown, margined with 
yellowish olive ; tail dark brown, slightly edged with olive-green : 
beneath pale sulphur-yellow, tinged with olivaceous; throat more 
greyish; middle of the belly rather brighter ; under wing-coverts 
pale sulphur-yellow; upper mandible dark horn-colour, lower 
whitish; feet pale brown: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6, 
tail 2'5. Female similar. 

Hab. America, from Veragua southwards to South-east Brazil. 

This wide-ranging species varies much in different localities, but 
after examining a large series, I see no sufficient grounds for 
dividing it up. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil Sclater Coll. 
(Lund). 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
e. Ad. sk. Rio Madeira (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
/, g. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
h} i. $ J ad. sk Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

j. 
<$ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely).
h. 
<$ ad. sk. Merunie" Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely).
I. 2 
ad. sk. Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
56 . R&YNCHOCYCLtrS. 
100 

m} n. $ ad. sk. Carimang river, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). 
o, p. 6 2 ad. sk. Roraima, Br. Guiana(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

q. Ad. sk. Guiana. ' Sclater Coll. 
r. 
Ad. sk. Ckamicuros, East Peru (Ilau.v- Sclatcr Coll. 
well). 
s. 
Ad. sk. Chamicuros, East Peru (Barb- Sclater Coll. 
lett), 
t. 2 
ad. sk. Chyavetas, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
u. <$ ad. sk. Xeberos, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
v. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w, x. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (tiling- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth), 
z. 
S ad. sk. Puerto ^ Cabello, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
a', c? ad. sk. Caripe, Venezuela (Goering), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b'. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c'. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, IT. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
d!. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
e'. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 
f>g'- 6 2 ad. sk. San Pablo St., Panama (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h', i'. £ $ ad. sk. Santa ¥6, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. (S ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6. Rhynchocyclus peruvianus. 
Bliyncbocyclus sulphurescens, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326. 
Rhynchocyclus peruvianus, Tacz! P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882, 
p. 20; id. Ora.P?;\ii.p. 281. 
Rhynchocyclus peruvianus sequatorialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, 
p. 556, et 1885, p. 90 (Ecuador). 
Similar to B. sulphurescens, but larger in size, with the head 

darker cinereous; brighter on the belly, and with a blackish 

auricular spot: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*6. 

Bab. Pern and Ecuador. 

So far as I can tell from examination of the two specimens before 

me, this species is entitled to remain distinct. 

a,b. £ 2 ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stokmann), Sclater Coll. 

7. Rhynchocyclus ciaereiceps. 
Cyclorhynchus cinereiceps, Scl. Bis, 1859, p. 443 ; id. P. Z. S. 1859, 
p. 384; Scl et Sate. Ibis, 1860, p. 399. 
Rhynchocyclus 
cinereiceps, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 220; Laivr. Ann. X. 
K T. ix. p. 201; Scl et Sate. Nomencl. p. 49 • iid. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 359, et 1870, p. 837; Nehrkom, J.f. 0. 1879, p. 356; JBouc. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 447; Nutting, P. V. 8. N. M. v. p. 395. _ 
Rhynchocyclus flavo-olivaceus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. T. viii. p. 8 
(Panama); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359 (Panama). 

Above olive-green ; head cinereous; lores whitish; wing blackish, 

TTEANNIDiE. 

margined with yellowish olive; tail dark cinereous, with slight 

olivaceous edgings: beneath, breast and throat pale ashy, the latter 

with a slight olivaceous tinge; middle of belly and under wing-

coverts pale sulphur-yellow; flanks olivaceous; upper mandible 

dark horn-colour; lower whitish; feet pale brown: whole length 

5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*4. Female similar. 

Hab. Central America from Mexico to Panama. 

This northern form of R. suljphurescens is recognizable by its grey 

head and pale cinereous throat and breast. Mr. Lawrence's type 

of B. flavo-olivaceus seems to come nearest to JR. cinereiceps. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
b. 
Ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. # (Type 
of the species.) 
c. d. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Yucatan {Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Ckoctuin, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Cajabon, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. 
Ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser). Jardine Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Ckisec, Vera Paz (Salmi), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. J ad. sk. Volcan de Agna, above San Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Diego (Salvin). 
L Ad.sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. 
(S ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
n. 2 ad. sk. Costa Pica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o,p. $ 5 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Bhynchocyclns megacephalns. 
Tyrannula megacephala, Siv. Orn. Dr. pi. 47. 

Rhynchocyclus 
megacephalus, Cab. eb JELein. litis. Hein. ii. p. 56; 
Sal. Cat. A. B. p. 221; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 110; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomend. p. 49; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 283 (Para). 

Above olive-green; head cinereous; lores whitish; wings and 
tail blackish; wing-coverts and secondaries margined with yellowish; 
wing- and tail-feathers slightly edged with olivaceous: beneath, throat 
cinereous; breast and flanks washed with olive; middle of belly 
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill dark plumbeous, 
paler at the base of the lower mandible; feet dark brown : whole 
length 4*4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2. Female similar. 

Hah. Lower Amazonia, Cayenne and Guiana. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil (Jamrach). Sclater Coll 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Para (Wallace). 
Demerara. 
Sclater Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
d. <5 ad. sk. Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
e>f- 6 2 ad. sk. Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Whitely). 
g. Ad, sk. S. America. Purchased. 

5Q. KHYNCHOOYCLTTS. 

171 

9. Ehynchocyclus poliocephalus. 
Ehynckocyclus 
poliocephalus, Peh. Orn, Bras. p. 110: Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 285. 
Ehynckocyclus megacephalus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866. p, 180 
(Ucayali), 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru). 1867, p. 978 (Pebas), 1873, 

p. 125 (S. Peru) et p. 280 (E. Peru); Tacz, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20; 
id. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 283. 
Above olive-green; head cinereous; lores whitish; wings and 
tail blackish; wing-coverts and outer secondaries margined with 
yellowish; rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly edged with 
olivaceous: beneath pale yellowish, tinged with olive, brighter on 
the middle of the belly; under wing-coverts yellowish white; bill 
plumbeous; base of the lower mandible whitish ; feet dark brown : 
whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-8. Female similar. 

Hah. Peru. 

This species seems to differ from B. megacephalus, with which it 
was, until recently, united, in the nearly uniform yellowish colouring 
of the body below, which extends over the throat and breast. The 
bill is also rather wider than in B. megacephalus. 

a. Ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Umixioell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Juv. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. <$ ad. sk. 
Pebas, Peru (ffauxwell). 
Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). 
Ohyavetas, E. Peru. 
Oosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). 
Para (Bayard). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
E. Bartlett [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddalo Coll. 

10. EhynchQcyclus viridiceps. 
Ehynchocyclus 
viridiceps, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 280; iid, 
Nomencl. p. 49; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 282. 

Above uniform olive-green, including the head; lores whitish; 
wings and tail blackish; wing-coverts and outer secondaries margined 
externally with yellowish; rest of wing- and tail-feathers 
narrowly edged with olivaceous : beneath yellowish olivo; middle 
of belly snlphur-yellow; under wing-coverts yellowish; bill dark 
plumbeous, whitish at the base of the lower mandible ; feet brown : 
whole length 4*6 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1*7. 

Hob. E. Peru. 

This small species is distinguished from the two preceding by tho 
want of any tinge of cinereous on the cap. The bill is rather 
broader than in B. megacephalus. 

a. Ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hamwell). Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
11. Ehynchocyclus flaviventris. 
Muscipeta flaviventris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 929. IJ\* 
Cyclorhynchus flaviventer, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1874, I. p. 249; id. m 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 700; Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 444. 

172 
TYRAiraiDJS. 

Rhynchocyclus flaviventris, Cab. et JSein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56; 861. 
Cat. A. B. p. 221; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 110; Sel. et Sato. Nommcl. 

p. 49; Sato, et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 
(Br. Guiana). 
Above bright yellowish olive; wings blackish margined with 
yellowish ; tail blackish, slightly edged with olive: beneath dull 
sulphur-yellow, brighter on the middle of the belly ; under whigcoverts 
pale yellow; bill blackish, lower mandible whitish : feet pale 
brown: whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2*0. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Brazil, Guiana, Yenezuela, and Colombia. 

a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Guiana. 
Guiana {Brown). 
Trinidad. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Selater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. 2 ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I. 5 ad. sk.
m. <S ad. sk.
(Goering), 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Arihuiea, U. S. C. {Simons), 
SantaMarta, U. S. 0. (Simons). 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

12. Ehynchocyclus mficauda. 
Platyrhynchus ruflcauda, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9, pi. 11. f. 2. 
Cyclorhynchus rutlcauda, Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 444. 
Ehynchoeyclus ruficauda, Sel Cat. A. B. p. 221; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 110; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578, et 1873, p. 280 (E. Peru) ; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Tacz. Orn. P4r. ii. p. 284; Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 295 (Br. Guiana). 
Hamphotrigon ruflcauda, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 354. 
Above olive-green; wings blackish, broad tips of the wing-

coverts and broad 
outer margins of primaries and secondaries 

bright rufous, whole of tail and upper tail-coverts bright rufous: 

below paler olive-green, throat greyish, breast flammulated with 

yellow, middle of belly pale yellow, crissum rufous; under wing-

coverts yellowish, inner margins of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill 

plumbeous, base of lower mandible whitish; feet pale brown: 

whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*9. 

Hah. Amazonia and Guiana. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Ama- J. Gould, Esq. 
zons {Hauxwell). 
l,c. 
<$ $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 

d. 5 ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons E. Bartlett [C.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Demerara. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
57 . CKWOPTAS. 173 
h *• d $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . k. 6 $ ad. sk.
( Whitely). 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, m. 
n. tftf J ad sk. 
ad. sk.
{Wiitely), 
Carimang r., Brit. Guiana(Whitely). 
Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

57. CONOPIAS. 
Type. 
Conopias, Cab. et Heine^ Mm. Rein. ii. p. G2 (1859).. C. trivirgata. 
Myiacleptes, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat t. lxvii. (1850) C. trivirgata*. 
Cephalanius, Bp. (1854) 0. trivirgataf. 

In Conopias the beak is elongated and compressed, otherwise the 
structure Is not very different from Elainea, but there is no red or 
yellow head-spot. 

The three species are found in the forests of the northern parts 
of South America. 

Key 
to the Species. 

A. 
Superciliary stripe white. 
j Throat yellow like the belly 1. trivirgata, p. 173. 
I Throat white 2. inornata) p. 174. 
B. Superciliary stripe yellow 
3. cinchoneti, p. 174. 
1. Conopias trivirgata. 
Muscicapa. trivirgata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 871 (1831). 
Conopias trivirgata, Scl P. Z. S.1871, p. 755; Scl et Salv. Nomencl 


p. 50 ; Salv. Cat.Strickl Coll p. 310. 
Tyrannula superciliosa, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 46 (1841); Burm Syst. 
Ueb. ii. p. 475. 
Conopias superciliosus, Cab. et JECein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. G2 (note); 
Scl Cat. A. B. p. 221; Belz. Orn. Bras. p. 111. 
Muscicapa pitangula, Licht. in Mus. Berol 

AboTe olive-green; head black; long superciliary stripe white; 
wings and tail brownish black: beneath yellow, with an olivaceous 
tinge on the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches* wing 3, tail 2-6. 
Female similar. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad.'sk. Brazil Sclater Coll. 
d Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
e Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
* Of. Gray, Cat. of Gen. B. p. 49 (1855). 
t Cf. Gray, Hand-L i. p. 359. 
174 TTEA.lSriaD.aE3. 

2. Oonopias inornata. 
Myiozetetes inornatus, Lawr. Ann. Z. N. Y. is. p. 268; FinscL 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569. 
Oonopias inomata, Scl* P. Z. S. 1871, p. 756; Scl. et Salv. NomencL 
p. 50 j Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 316. 
Lite C. inomata, but distinguished by its larger size, white 
throat, and brown back. 
Hob. Venezuela and Trinidad. 

3. Oonopias cinchoneti. 
Tyrannus cinchoneti, Tsch. Faun. Fer. p. 151, pi. viii. fig. 2. 
Oonopias cinchoneti, Scl P. Z. S.1871, p. 756; Scl et Salv. Nbmentil. 


p. 50 j Tacz. Orn. Fer. ii. p. 285', Tacz. et BerL P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 91 (Ecuador). 
Above olive-green; cap and sides of head like the back; front, 
superciliaries, and stripe round the nape yellow; wings and tail 
brownish black: beneath yellow; sides of breast olivaceous; bill 
and feet black: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3*0, tail 2*6. 

Rah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
Eeadily distinguishable from the two preceding by its yellow 


superciliaries. 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

58. PITANGUS. 
Type. 
Pitangus, Sw. Zool. Joimi. iii. p. 165 (1827) P. sulphuratus. 
Saurophagus, Sw. Fauna JBor.-Am., Aves, p. 484 (1831) P. sulphuratus. 
Apolites, Sund. K Vet.-Ah. Handl 1835, p. 81 (1836) P. sulphuratus. 

This is one of the largest and strongest forms among the 
Tyrannidae. Pitangus sulphuratus has a long compressed beak 
with a formidable terminal hook, moderately long wings, and robust 
feet. Some of the other species have their features considerably 
modified. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Under surface yellow. 
a. Larger: wing about 4*5. 
ar. Wings margined with rufous. 
j Whole outer webs of primaries rufous.. 1. derbian\ts, p. 175. 
I Margins of outer webs only rufous 2. sulphuratus, p. 176. 

b'. Wings margined with brown 3. bolimanus, p. 177. 

b. Smaller: wing about 3. 
e'. Wing-margins and inner webs of primaries 
rufous 4. lictor, p. 178. 
d'. Wing-margins and inner webs of primaries 
whitish or yellowish. 

58 . PITANGR7S. 
175 
I Bill stronger: throat white 5. parvus, p. 179. 
( Bill weaker: throat yellow 6. albovtttattts, p. 170. 

B. Under surface white. 
c. Tail-end white. 
I Flanks white 7t caudifasciatus,]>179. 
| Flanks yellowish 8. bahamensis, p. 180. 
d, Tail-end brown. 
\ Back "blackish 0. taylori, p. 180. 
| Back rufous 10. gabbi, p. 180. 

1. Pitangus derbianus. 
Tyrannus sulphuratus, Sw. Phil Mag. 1827, i. p. 368 (Mexico). 
Saurophagus sulphuratus, Gambel, Jour. Acad. Philad. ser. 2, i. p. 39. 
Saurophagus derbianus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Cab, et Hein. 

Mus. Hein. ii. p. 02. 

Pitangus derbianus, Mate); P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297, et 1859, pp. 45, 56, 
366; id. Bis, 1859, p. 438; id. Cat A. P. p. 321; id.P.Z.S. 
1864, p. 176; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 120; iid. P.Z.S. 1870, 

p. 837; iid. Nomencl p. 50; Later. Ann. L. N* Y. ix. p. 114; 
Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 63; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Salv. et 
Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201; Mdgw. P. U. S. JV. M. iii. pp. 185, 218, 
vi. pp. 374, 384; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 331; Nutting, P. U. 8. N. 
M. v. p. 394; Sab. P. Z. S.1883, p. 424; Boucard, P. Z. S.1883, 
p. 448. 
Saurophagus rufipennis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 471 (Caraccas); 
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 63. 
Pitangus rufipennis, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 222; Taylor, Bis, 1864, p. 86 
(Trinidad); Scl et Sah. P. Z. S.1868, p. 168 (Venezuela); Wyatt 
Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia). 

Pitangus derbianus rufipennis, Berl Ibis, 1884, p. 434 (Orinoco). 
Saurophagus guatinialensis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1852, p, 462. 

Above brown; head black, front largo; superciliaries and line 
round the nape white ; large vortical crest yellow, tipped with black; 
wings and tail brown, margined with bright rufous, the rufous 
occupying the whole of the outer webs of the primaries and forming 
a conspicuous patch: beneath sulphur-yellow; throat white; inner 
margins of wing- and tail-feathers rufous; bill and feet black: 
whole length 8-5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hob. Southern Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras, also Colombia, 
Venezuela, and Trinidad. 
The southern specimens have the red on the wings still more 
developed, and may be regarded as constituting a subspecies, P. 

derbianus rufipennis. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
b. 2ad.sk. Mazatlan,W.Mexico {Forrer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e 
Ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Bis- Salvin-Godman ColL 
choff). 

d. Ad. sk. Acapulco, Mexico (Marhham). Salvin-Godman ColL 
e-g. $ ad. sk. Tonala (Chiapas), Mexico Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Sumichrast). 
h. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman ColL 

176 TYBAJfHSXDM. 
i-k. Ad.sk.
/. 9 ad.'sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n' Ad.'sk. 
MugeresI.,Yucatan(<3tottmer). 
Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). 
CozumelL, Yucatan {Gaumer). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras (ManSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. $ ad. sk.
p Ad skcaneaux). 
Belize, Honduras (Salvin). 
San Pedro, Honduras 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a. <$ ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
(Whitelij). 
Ketaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Buenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s' Ad. sk. S. Gei6mmol(Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
b. Subsp. rufipennis. 
a. J ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Valle Dupar, Santa Marta, U. S.
C. (Simons). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk.
e,/. Ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Caracas,Venezuela (Goering). 
Trinidad. 
Trinidad. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 

2. Pitangus sulphuratus. 
Lanius sulphuratus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 137 (Cayenne). 
Tyrannus sulphuratus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. p. 77, pi. 47. 
Saurophagus sulphuratus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 225; Cab. in Schomb. 


Guian. iii. p. 698; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Laft\ Bei\ Zool 
1851, p. 476; Burm. Si/st. TJeb. ii. p. 451. 
" MegarEynchus sulphuratus, Thunb.,1' Hein. Journ. /. Orn. 1859, 

p. 340. 
Pitangus sulphuratus, Gray,List Gen. B. p. 41 (1841); Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1859, p. 45; id. Cat. A. B. p. 222; Scl et Salr. P. Z. S. I860, 

p. 189,1867, pp. 578, 751,978, et 1873, p. 280 ; iid. Nomencl p. *50; 
Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. Ill; id. Ibis, 
1873, p. 114; Berl. J. f. 0.1873, p. 261; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342; 
Tacz. P. Z.S. 1882, p. 20; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 286; Sah. Ibis, 
1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana). 
Corvus leucogaster, Bodd. ex PI. Enl. 296 (jr.). 
Corvus flavus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 373 (jr.). 
Tyrannus magnanimus, Vieul. Enc. MUTi. p. 850. 
Muscicapa pitangua, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 838. 
Saurophagus maximiliani, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 63. 
Pitangus maximiliani, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 222; Peh. Orn. Bras. 


p. Ill; Berl. J.f. 0.1873, p. 260. 
Above brown; head black; front, superciliaries, and line round 
the nape white; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with, black; 
wings and tail brown with rufous margins: beneath sulphur-yellow; 
throat white; under wing-coverts yellow, inner margins of wing-and 
tail-feathers pale rufous ; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, 
wing 4*3, tail 3*3. Female similar, but yellow crest perhaps not 
so well developed. 

Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil. 
This bird is intermediate between the northern P. derbianus and 


58 . KTA2SOTS. 
177 

the southern P. bolivianus. It has more red on the wings and tail 
than the latter, and not so much as the former. The Brazilian form 
comes rather nearer to P. bolivianus than the typical form from 
Guiana, and may be treated as a subspecies. 

«. Subsp. typica. 

a. Ad. sk. Georgetown, Brit. Guiana Sclater Ooll. 
(Broivn).
h, c. ad. sk. 

British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P."]. 

d. S 
ad.j^,/. $ Bartica Grove. Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
ad. sk. (Whitehf). 
g. Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Ooll. 
h. Ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
Amazons (Wallace).
z,j. Ad. sk. 

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. J ad. sk. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Haunoell). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

I. Subsp. wiaccimiliani. 
a. Ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil (Jesse). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil (Jesse). Sclater Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
£-^. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Ypaneraa, Brazil (batterer). Sclater Coll. 
i. 
J ad. sk. Eio Olaro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ner). 
/. Ad. sk. Novo Pribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. $ ad. sk. Pelotas, Eio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
I, m. Ad. sk, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

n. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
3. Pitangus bolivianus. 
Tyrannus sulpkuratus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 304. 
Saurophagus bolivianus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 463. 
Saurophagus bellicosus, Cab. et Hem. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. 04. 
Pitangus bellicosus, SeL Cat A. B. p. 222; Pet. Orn. Bras. p. Ill; 


Scl. et Salv. P.Z. & 1868, p. 142, et 1879, p. 614; iid. Nomencl p. 50; 
Berl. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 260; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178; Gibson, 
Ibis, 1880, p. 24, et 1885, p. 280; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607; 
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 200 (Entrerios). 

Saurophagus sulphuratus, Burnt. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 452. 
Pitangus bolivianus, Berl et Jher. Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 18b5; p.; 1*34: 
(Rio Grande do Sul); SeL et Huds. Ary. Orn. i. p. 147. 

Above brown; head black; front, supereiliaries, and line round 
the nape white; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with black; wings 
and tail brown, with slight fuscous or rufous margins; beneath 
sulphur-yellow; throat white; under w;ing-coverts yellow; inner 
margins of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill and feet black: whole 
length 8*5 inches, wing 4-5, tail 3-7. Female similar, but crest 

^ r Mivia, Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and South Brazil. 

VOL. XIV. 

TTEA30JXD-S1. 

It is very difficult to separate some Argentine skins from P. suh 
phuraim maatimilimi of S.E. Brazil. In Bolivian examples there 
are absolutely no rufous margins to the wing- and tail-feathers. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [0.]. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Bep. Salvin-Goaman Coll. 
{White). 
d. (S ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hudson). 
e. $ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
f. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Dumford [C.J. 
h. Jr. sk. Buenos Ayres. H. Dumford [C.t 
i. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
7c. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C A 

4. Htangns lictor. 
Lanius lictor, LicM. JDouhl p. 49. 

Saurophagus lictor, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 24Gt pi. 62 : Cab. in 
Schomb. Guian. iii.p. 698; Bp. Consp. i. p. 193; Kaup, P. Z. & 
1851, p. 44: Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 402 hi: Cab. et Hem. 3fm* 
Hein. ii. p. 62. 

Pitangus lictor, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. $27 (Panama); ScL 
Cat. A. B. p. 221; Scl. et JSalv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. tm (Panama), 
et 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons); iid. NmnencL p. 50; 8alv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana). 

Megarhynchus flavus, Thunb., Hein. Journ.f. Orn. 1859, p. 341. 
Muscicapa cayennensis, Max. Beiir. iii. p. 8m. 
Saurophagus pusillus, Sta. An. in Mmag. p. 284. 


Ahove olive-brown ; head black; front, superciliaries, and stripe 
round the nape white; crest yellow, tipped with black; wings and 
tail blackish brown, slightly margined with rufous: beneath 
yellow; throat white; under wing-coverts yellow; inner margins 
of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill and feet black: whole length %~%> 
inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*8. Female similar. 

Hob. Brazil, Amazonia, Guiana, Colombia, and Panama. 

a. $ ad. sk. Matogrosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater ColL 
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Para ( Wallace). 
Sclater Coll. 
d. 
$ ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower AmaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
zons (Wallace). 
e. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman CoH. 
(Whitely). 
f. Ad. sk. British Guiana. 
E. Geogr. Soc. 
g. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Whitely). 
k Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coil. 

i. Ad.sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman OolL 
/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7c. S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

I. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater CoH 
68. PHATOTTS. 
179 

5. Pitangus parvus. 
Pitangus parvus, 
Peh. Orn. Bras, pp.111, 181 (1871); Salv. Cat. 
Strickl Coll p. 310; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana). 

Above dark olive, slightly mottled with, blackish.; head black; 
front, superciliaries, and stripe round the nape white; vertical crest 
yellow, tipped with black; wings and tail blackish brown, with 
slight whitish edgings : beneath bright yellow; bill and feet black : 
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2'7. Female similar. 

Hah. Interior of Brazil, Lower Amazonia, and Guiana. 
At once distinguishable from P. Motor by its wider bill, square 
tail, and yellow throat. 

a, b. S ad.; c. Merume' Mts., Brit, Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. (Wtetely). 

d. 
? ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(WHtely). 
e,f. 
6 $ ad. Camaeusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. (Whitehj). 

g. $ 
ad. sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(WIdtely). 
h. 
? ad. sk. Carimang r., Brit, Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wliitely). 
i. Ad. sk. Guiana. 
Sclater Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Guiana. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Oyapoe, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
6. Pitangus albovittatus. 
Pitangus albovittatus, Lazor. Ibis, 1862, p. 11. 
Nearly allied to P. parvus, but bill smaller, throat white, and 
back more olivaceous: whole length 5*8 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*7. 
Hah. Panama. 
Mr. Lawrence has kindly sent me the type of this species for 
examination. It appears to be quite distinct. 


7. Pitangus caudifasciatus. 
Tyranntis caudifasciatus, dJOrh. in La Sagrah Cub., Ois. p. 70, pi. 12; 
Gosse, B. Jam. p. 177; id. III. B. Jam. pi. 44 • Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 
1855, p. 478-Cab. et Hein. Mtis. Hem. ii. p. 80; Gundl. J.f. 0. 
1861, p. 328, et 1872, p. 424 (Cuba); Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. 
m H. vii. p. 307 (Cuba). 

Pitangus caudifasciatus, Sol P. Z. S.1861, p. 76 (Jamaica); id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 222; Bel et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50. 
Above grey; cap black, with a concealed yellow vertical crest; 
wings blackish, wing-coverts and secondaries margined with white ; 
tail blackish, with a broad basal band occupying only the inner 
webs white tinged with yellowish, and a slight apical band whitish: 
beneath white ; under wing-coverts and crissum tinged with yellow; 
bill and feet black: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, tail 3*3. 
Female similar. 

Hah Cuba and Jamaica. 
K2 


18 0 YBAOTEDiE. 
a. Ad. B&. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. 6 ad. sk. Ciiba. Salvin-Godman CoU. 
cAd.sk . Jamaica (Gosse). SclaterColi. 
d. <J ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin <$r Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Godman). 
f. J ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica {Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Bryant). Exors. of Dr. Bryant 
g. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osbum). SclaterColi. 
h. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osbum). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Grand Cayman I. (Richardson). Sclater Coll. 

8. Pitangus bahamensis. 
Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Bryant, Br. Host. 8. N. H. vii. p. 108, xi. 
p. % (Bahamas). 
Pitangus bahamensis, Bryant, op. cit. ix. p. 279 (1864) ; Cory, B. of 
Baham. p. 102; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 881. 

Similar to P. caudifasciatus, but under wing-coverts, flanks, and 
crissum pale lemon-yellow. 
Hal. Bahama Islands. 

a. $ ad. sk. Nassau, New Providence, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Bahamas {Cory). 
9. Pitangus taylori. 
Pitangus taylori, Sol Ibis, 1864, p. 169; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50. 
Tyrannus taylori, Sund. (Eft. Vet.-Ahad. Fork. 1862, p. 598 ; Gundl 

J.f. 0. 1878, p. 171 j id. An. Soc. Fsp. H N. vii. p. 193. 
Above dark brownish cinereous; cap black, with a concealed 
vertical crest of yellow and white; wings blackish, margined with 
rufous; outer secondaries bordered externally with whitish; tail 
blackish, outer feathers slightly margined externally with whitish : 
beneath white; bill and feet black: whole length 8*5 inches, 
wing 4*2, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hab. Porto Kico. 
Closely allied to P. caudifasciatus, but distinguished by the absence 
of the caudal band and the darker colour above. 

a. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Taylor). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b, c. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Salvin-Godman CoU. 

d. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Sclater ColL 
e. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
10. Pitangus gabbi 
Pitangus 
gabbii, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. K Y. xi. p. 288 
(1876); Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi. p. 153 (1881) j id. B. of 
Haiti and 8. Domingo, p. 76 (1885). 

Similar to P. taylori, but smaller; back " warm hair-brown in


59. SIRYSTES. 
131 
stead of dusky greyish brown," and wings and tail edged with 
ferruginous. " b 
Eab. St. Domingo. 

59. SIRYSTES. 
Sirystes, Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 75 (1859) & sibilate. 
Key to the Species. 

A. Rump cinereous like the back 1. sibilator, p. 181. 
B. 
Bump white : 
(edgings of wing-coverts narrow, 
i greyish % albocinereus, p. 181. 
[ edgings of wing-coverts broad, white 3. albogriseus, p. 182. 
1. Sirystes sibilator. 
Pitador, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 135. 
Muscicapa sibilator, Vieill. Now. Diet xxL p. 457; id. Eno. M&th 
p. 831. 
Muscicapa sibilans, Lichi. Doubl. p. 54. 
Tyrannula sibilans, Marti. Ind. Az. p. 13. 
Myiarchus sibilans, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 472. 
Sirystes sibilator, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 75; Scl. Cat. A. B. 
p. 222; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. Ill; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 50; 
Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 89; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, 
p. 135 (Rio Grande do Sul). 
Above pale cinereous, lighter on the rump and with slight blackish 
striations on the back; cap black; wings black; wing-coverts and 
outer secondaries broadly edged with cinereous white; tail black : 
beneath pale cinereous; middle of belly, under wing-coverts, and 
inner margins of primaries whitish*; bill and feet black; whole 
length 7*5 inches, wing 3-8, tail 34 . Female, similar. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a} S.c^Sad. sk, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 

c. $ ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joyner). Salvjn-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. 
Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 

e. 
Ad. st. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
f. 
2. Sirystes albocinereus. (Plate XIY.) 
Tvrannus sp. inc., Scl et Salv. -P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189. 
Sirystes albogriseus, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 280; Tacz. Orn. 
PSr. ii. p. 287. 

Sirystes albocinereus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156. 

Above cinereous; rump pure white; cap black; wings black; 
wing-coverts slightly edged with cinereous, outer secondaries margined 
with white ; tail and upper tail-coverts black: beneath white ; 
throat and breast tinged with cinereous ; under wing-coverts white ; 

182 
TYBAOTID-aE. 

inner margins of -wing-feathers grey; bill and feet black: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*1. 
Mab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Santa Cruz, E. Peru. 
Upper Amazons (Bartlett). 
Sclater Coll. ^ (Type 
of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
E. Bartlett [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Q ad. sk. Yqiutos, Upper(WMtely). 
Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. Sirystes albogriseus. 
Lipaugus albogriseus, Laior. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 9. 

Sirystes albogriseus, Bel. ei Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156. 

Above pale cinereous; rump white; cap black ; wings black; 
wing-coverts and secondaries broadly margined with white • tail 
black, with a whitish apical band: beneath white, slightly tinged with 
cinereous ; crissum and under wing-coverts white ; bill dark brown; 
feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-6. 

Hab. Veragua and Panama. 
Distinguishable from S. sibilator by its white rump, and from 

S. alboeinereus by the4broad white margins on the wings. 
a. Ad. sk. Veragua. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
60. 
MYI0D"OTASTES*. 
Type. 
Myiodynastes, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 6-57, et 
Notes Orn. p. 87 (1854) (cf. Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, 

p. 431) M. audax. 
Hypermitres, Cab. J.f. 0.1861, p. 247 M. chrysocephalus. 
Key to the Species. 

A, Breast andflanks white with black shaft-
spots. 

a. Middle of belly yellow 
1. luteiventris, p. 183. 
b. Middle of belly white. 
a". Tail red, with blackish shaft-stripes. 
(Brighter: breast-spots narrow 2. nobilis, p. 183. 
(Darker: breast-spots broad 3. audax^ p. 185. 

V. Tail blackisb, margined with red 4. solitarim, p. 185. 
B. Breast and flanks yellow. 
e. Upper tail-coverts bright rufous 5. bairdi, p. 186. 
* Eefer also to Myiodynastes crndax insolms, Bidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 332. 
\ 
60. MYIODmiSTES. 
183 

d. 
Upper tail-coverts uniform with back : 
I breast duller, slightly flammulated 6. ehrgsocephalus, p. 187. 
(breast clear yellow, not flammulated .. 7. hemicJirysm, p. 188. 
1. Myiodynastes luteiventris. 
Tyraimus audax, Sclater, P. Z, S. 1856, p. 297 (Mexico). 

Myiodynastes luteiventer, Bp. Compt Rend, xxviii. p. 659, et Not. 
Om. p. 87; Cab. et Eein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 75; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1859, pp. 43, 56, 366, 383, et 1864, p. 176; id. Ibis, 1859, p, 438; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 223; Mat. et Sah. Ibis, 1859. p. 120; iid. 

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837; iid. Nomend. p. 50; Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, 
p. 250; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 114; Sah. Ms, 1872, p. 318; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882, p. 21; Boucard, P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 63, et 1883, p. 448; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. Hi. pp. 186, 
218; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 332. ™ 
Above pale brownish white, varied by numerous blackish shaft-

spots ; head with a concealed crest of bright yellow; wings 

blackish, lesser coverts like the back, greater coverts and secondaries 

broadly margined with white externally; tail bright ferruginous 

red, shafts and adjacent median portions of both webs blackish; 

upper tail-coverts rufous with black shaft-spots: beneath pale 

sulphur-yellow; throat white; throat, breast, and sides of belly 

with numerous 
black shaft-spots; bill dark brown, paler at the 

base of the lower mandible; feet dark brown: whole length 

8 inches, wing 4*4, tail 3*3. Female similar. 

Hob. Mexico and Central America down to Costa Bica. 

The strong yellow tinge of the belly and under wing-eoverts dis


tinguishes this bird from its more southern representatives. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 

e. <$ ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d-f. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 
Ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blanca- Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
neaux). 
h. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.l. 
i,j. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
1. Ad. sk. Savana of Santo Toribio, Guate- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mala (Salvin). 
m. $ ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Janson). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
<$ ad. sk. Barranca, Costa Rica (Carmiot). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Santa Bosa, Costa Bica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Myiodynastes noMLis. 
Myiodynastes nobilis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 42, 43, et 1800, 
p. 295; id. Cat A. B. p. 223; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 295, 
viii. p. 177, ix. p. 114; Scl et Sah. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360; Sah. 
TYEAOTID.2G. 

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 198; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333; 
Nutting, P. If. 8 N. M. v. p. 394. 
Myiodynastes luteiventris, Tacz. Om.Per. 11. p. 290 ? 
Myiodynastes audax, Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 303. 
Myiodynastes audax nobilis, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 322. 

Above pale rufous, varied by numerous black shaft-spots ; head 
with a concealed crest of bright yellow; sides of head black; 
wings blackish; coverts and primaries narrowly edged with rufous; 
outer secondaries more broadly edged with white; tail ferruginous 
red; shafts and adjacent median portions of both webs blackish; 
upper tail-coverts rufous with black shaft-spots: beneath white, 
flanks and crissum washed with pale sulphur-yellow; breast and 
flanks more or less marked with narrow blackish shaft-spots; 
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill brown, base of the 
lower mandible pale; feet dark brown: whole length 8 inches, 
wing 4*3, tail 3*6. Female similar. 

Hah. Costa Pica, Veragua, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

This bird is distinguishable from M. luteiventris by the much 
whiter surface below and the very narrow shaft-spots of the breast. 
By the latter character it is also separable from M. audax. I t is, 
however, merely an intermediate form, and passes into its northern 
and southern representatives at the extremities of its range. 

a. 
S ad. sk. Costa Rica. Tweeddale Coll. 
-e. Ad. sk. Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arc6).

f. § ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce)a Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9-$ ad. sk. OMtra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
3 ad. sk. Ckitra, Veragua (Arce). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
c5* ad. sk. Cabbie, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. 
Ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arci). Sclater Coll. 

J-

k, /. Ad. sk. Chepo, Istlira. of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 

m, n. <$ J ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

0. 
$ ad. sk. Panama (Hicks). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
2-Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll. 
r-s. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 
t. 
Ad. sk. Minca, Sierra Nevada of S. Sclater Coll. 
Marta (Simons). 
u. £ ad. sk. Valle Dupar, U. S. 0. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
V. 
5 ad. sk. Manaure, S. Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons). 

w. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
X. $ ad. sk. Frontino, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
S 
ad. sk. Kemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 

z. 
1 
Ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Lraser). Sclater Coll. 
a. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Rling-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth).
c'. Ad. sk. Sta. Pita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d\ Jr. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

60 . MYIODYNASTES. 
185 

3. Myiodynastes audax. 
Le Gobe-niouche tachete" de Cayenne, Daiib. PI Enl 453.fig. 2. 
Muscicapa audax, Gm. 8. JSf. i. p. 934. 
Tyrannus audax, Vieill Enc. Meth. p. 846. 
Scaphorhynchus audax, Cab. in Schomb. Ouian. iii. p. G99. 
Megarhynckus audax, Hein. Jour. f. Orn. 1859, p. 342. 
Myiodynastes audax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45; id. Cat. A. B. 


p. 223; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 74; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 
p. 86; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 112; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578, 
1868, p. 168, 1875, p. 237, et 1879, p. 514; iid. Nomencl p. 50; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326; id Orn. Per. ii. p. 289; Salv. et 
Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201; Berl J. f. 0. 1884, p. 303; Sah. Ibis, 
1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 91, 
114; Ridgw. Man. JSf. A. B. p. 332. 
" Megarhynchus regius, Thunb." Hein. Journ.f. Orn. 1859, p. 342. 

Above greyish, densely covered "with black shaft-spots; head with 
a concealed crest of "bright yellow; lores and eye-region black ; 
wings blackish, primaries slightly margined with rufous; wing-
coverts and secondaries edged with whitish; tail blackish, with 
more or less broad margins both on the inner and outer webs of 
bright ferruginous: beneath whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish 
on the breast, flanks, and under wing-coverts, and varied, especially 
on the breast, upper belly, and flanks, by numerous long blackish 
shaft-spots; bill dark brown, pale at the base; feet blackish: 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, tail 3*2. 

Hob. Venezuela, Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia. 

Generally similar to M. nobilis, but darker above, with broader 
shaft-stripes below, and with more black on each side of the shafts 
in the tail-feathers. But the amount of rufous on the tail-feathers 
is by no means a constant character. 

a. $ ad. sk. Pilar, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. 2 ad. sk. 
Tobago {Kirk). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. ^ jr. sk.
(Whitelij). 
Cayenne (JelsM). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
Barra do Bio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whit eh/). 

4. Myiodynastes solitaries. 
Chorreado todo, Azar. Apunt. ii. p. 145. 
Tyrannus solitarius; Vieill Nouv. Diet. xxv. p. 88; id. Enc. MUh. 


p. 853. 
Tyrannus audax, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 889; WOrb. Toy., Ois. p. 305. 
Scaphorhynchus audax, Tsck Faun. Per., Aves, p. 149; Hartl Ind. 
Azar. p. 13; Burm. 8yst. TJeb. ii. p. 459. 
Myiodynastes solitarius, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 223; Cab. et Eein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 74; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
TYEAN"OTDiE. 

p. 112; 8el. et 8ah. P. Z. S.1867, pp. 751,978,1873, p. 280, et 1879, 
p. 615; iid. Mmencl p. 50; Berl. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 261; Tacz. 
P. Z. S.1874, p. 537, et 1882, p. 20 ; id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 288; Burn-
ford, Ibis, 1877, p. 178, et 1878, p. 60 (rep. Arg.) ; White, P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 607 (rep. Arg.) ; Barrows, Bull Nutt. Orn. CI. viii.p. 201 
(Entrorios); Berl Zeitsehr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 135 (Bio Grande 
do Sul) ; Sol et B[uds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 150. 
Above grey, thickly covered by numerous black shaft-spots; 
concealed vertical crest yellow ; lores and sides of the head "black, 
superciliaries white ; wings blackish, primaries slightly edged with, 
rufous, coverts and secondaries margined externally with, greyish 
white ; tail blackish, with narrow external margins of ferruginous: 
beneath greyish white, with numerous black striations ; belly and 
under wing-coverts tinged with yellowish and but slightly striated; 
bill dark brown, pale at the base; feet blackish : whole length 7*5 
inches, wing 4-4, tail 3*4. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Buenos Ayres, and occasionally "N. 
Brazil and British Guiana. 

Typical specimens of this form may easily be separated from 
3L audaso by their darker colour, more densely striated plumage, 
both above and below, and by the nearly entirely black tail, with 
only the narrow outer margins ferruginous ; but intermediate forms 
occur which it is almost impossible to arrange satisfactorily under 
either head: for example, one skin frwn Guiana and others from 
Upper Amazonia seem to belong to this form ; others from the same 
localities are referable to M. auclaoc. It would perhaps be better to 
consider all the four representatives of this group as only subspecies 
of M. audctM. 

a. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Bartica Grove, British Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e-g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
{Wliitely). 
Para, Lower Amazons {Wallace). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Novo Eribourgo, Rio de Janeiro(Youds). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Bio de Janeiro, Brazil. R. H. Wood, Esq. 
y. S ad. sk.
k. $ ad. sk.
I. $ ad. sk. 
Curytiba, Brazil {Natterer). 
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk.
Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.]. 

5. Myiodynastes bairdi. 
Saurophagus bairdi, Gambel, Journ. Ac. Phil n. s. i. p. 40 (1847). 
Tyrannus atrifrons, Scl. P. Z. S.1857, p. 274. 
Myiodynastes atrifrons, 8cl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 223; 8cl. et 8alv. Nbmmcl. p. 50; 8alv. Ibis, 1874, p. 324; 
60. MYIOBYIUSOT. 
187 

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 326, 753, et 1880, p. 203: id. Orn. P(r. 

ii. p. 291; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 12:2. 
Myiodynastes bairdi, 8ab. Ibis, 1874, p. 324: Berl. et Tacz, P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 556. 

Above cinereous brown; head with a bright lemon-yellow vortical 
crest; front and lores black; sides of head behind tho eyes blackish; 

•wings blackish; outer webs of primaries and inner secondaries bright 
rufous, forming a largo rufous patch ; lesser wing-coverts and outer 
secondaries margined with buffy white j rump and upper tail-coverts 
bright ferruginous; tail bright rufous, lateral feathers with the 
shafts and an elongated spot increasing in breadth towards the 
apex blackish; two middle tail-feathers blackish, margined with 
pale rufous : beneath pale sulphur-yellow ; throat greyish white; 
under wing-coverts yellow like the belly; bill and feet black: whole 
length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3*8. 
Hah. Western Ecuador and Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. San Pedro, Peru (Qrton). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of M. atrifrons.) 
d. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. G. Barclay [P.]. 
/. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. Capt.Kellett& Lieut. 
"Wood [P.]. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (lUingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. ' m G. Barclay [P.J. 
6. Myiodynastes chrysocephalus. 
Scaphorhynchus chrysocephalus, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch, 1844, pt. i. p. 12; 

id. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 150, pi. 8. f. 1; Lafr. Mev. ZooL 1848, p. 5. 
Pitangus chrysocephalus, 8cl, P. Z. S.1855, p. 150 (Bogota). 
Myiodynastes chrysocephalus, 8cl P. Z. S.1859, pp. 43, 148, et 1800, 

pp. 63, 92: id. tfat. A. B. p. 223; Cab. J. f. 0.18G1; p. 246; Set. 
et 8alv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781,1875, p. 237, 1876, p. 16, et 1879, 

p. 514: iid. Nommel p. 50 j Tacz. T. Z. 8.1874, p. 537, et 1882, 
p. 21; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 293; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, 
p. 296. 
Megarhynchus chrysocenhalu^, Rein. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 345; 
Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65. 
Myiodynastes chrysocephalus minor, Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, 

p. 91. 
Above cinereous; back tinged with olive ; head blackish, with a 
large vertical crest of bright yellow; lores and sides of head black ; 
slight superciliaries and line below the eye white; wings and tail 
blackish brown, slightly edged with rufous : beneath, throat white; 
abdomen pale yellow, slightly striated with cinereous ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow; inner margins of wing- and tail-feathers pale 
rufous; bill black, base of the lower mandible whitish; feet 
blackish: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3-3. Female 

188 
TTEAJSTNTIDJE. 

similar, but duller in colour, and yellow crest absent or less deve


loped. 

Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru. 

This is a smaller bird than M. bairdi and has a broader bill. It 

Is further distinguishable by the absence of the conspicuous red 

rump and of the red patch on the wings. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Frase?*). Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4 e. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. (S ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia, U. S. 0. (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mon). 
h. Ad. sk. Concordia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
i. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
j. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.]. 
m. S ad. sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
D. Dyson [C.]. 
7. Myiodynastes hemichrysiis. 
Hypermitres ckrysocephalus, Cab. J.f. 0.1861, p. 246. 

Hypermitres hemichrysus, Cab. J.f. 0.1861, p. 247. 

Myiodynastes hemichrysus, Lawr. Ami. L. N. Y. ix. p. 114 (Costa 

Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50. 
Myiodynastes superciliaris, Lawr. Ann. L. K Y. viii. p. 470 (Costa 
Hica). 

Above dark olive-brown; head blackish, with a concealed yellow 
vertical crest; lores and eye-region black; superciliary stripe and 
line below the eye white ; wings and tail blackish, slightly margined 
with rufous : beneath bright sulphur-yellow, whiter on the throat, 
and slightly varied with olive on the sides of the breast and flanks; 
under wing-coverts pale yellow; inner margins of wing- and tail-
feathers pale rufous; bill black, pale at the base of the lower mandible 
; feet dark brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*4. 
Female similar, but yellow on the crest less developed or wanting. 

Hab. Veragua and Costa Eica. 

This is the northern form of the preceding species, apparently 
always distinguishable by the clearer olive of the body above and 
the bright yellow of the belly. 

a. S 
ad. • b. Calovevora, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arci). Sclater Coll. 
61 . lOJGAKHYlSrOHTrS. 
189 

Subfamily IV. TYRANNINiE. 

The Tyrannince, or typical Tyrants, with which. I conclude the 
series of Tyrannidae, embrace most of the strongest and largest 
members of the family. The bill is generally much more depressed 
than in the preceding subfamily, and the gape armed with bristles. 
The wings are more or less lengthened and formed for active flight. 
The tarsi are mostly long and robust, though this feature varies 
much in the different genera. 

The Tyrannince, as here arranged (though, as already stated, the 
whole systematic order of the present family must be taken as purely 
provisional), are distributed all over the Nearctic and Neotropical 
Eegions. Nearly all the well-known North-American genera of 
Tyrannidae (such as Ernpidonax, Contopus, MyiarcJius, and Tyrannies) 
belong to this section; while others (Muscivora, Hirundinea, 
Gnijpodectes) are purely Neotropical. Blacicus and Lawrencia are 
Antillean types of this subfamily. 

Index to the Genera. 

61. MEGARHYNCHUS, p. 189. 70. LAWRENCIA, p. 233. 
62. MuscrvoRA, p. 191. 71. CONTOPUS, p. 234 
63. HntUNDiNEA, p. 195. 72. BLACICUS, p. 241. 
64. CNIPODECTES, p. 197. 73. MYIOCHANES, p. 245. 
65. MYioBros, p. 198, 74. MYIARCHTTS, p. 246. 
66. PYBOCEPHAT/US, p. 211. 75. EMPIDIAS, p. 264. 
67. EMPIDOCHANES, p. 216. 76. EMPEDONOMTTS, p. 265. 
68. MlTREPHANES, p. 218. 77. TYRANNTJS, p. 267. 
69. EMPIDONAX, p. 221. 78. MILVTJLUS, p. 267. 
61. MEGAEHYNCHUS. 
Type. 
Platyrhynehus, Temm. Tail MSth. p. 23 (1822) M. pitangua. M 
Megarhynchus, Thurib. Disq. de genere Megarhyncho * 

(1824) M. pitangua. 
,Scaphorhynchus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 982 (1831) M. pitangua. 
Megastoma, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 225 (1837) M. pitangua. 
The large and much-flattened bill renders this genus easily 
recognizable. The form, under various slight geographical variations, 
extends from Mexico to Paraguay. 


1. Megarhynchus pitangua. 
Tyranmis brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 402. 
Lanius pitangua, Linn. /SI TV. i. p. 136. 
Tyrannus pitangua, 8w. Quart Jour. 8c. xx. p. 570. 


* Vide Heine, J. f. 0.1859, p. 337. 
190 
TYRAtflHDie. 

Tyranxras carnivorus, Vieill. Fnc. Meth. p. 847. 
Muscicapa pitangua, Zicht. Doubl. p. 55. 
Scaphorhynchus sulphuratus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 983. 
Megastoma flaviceps, M. ruficeps, et M. atrieeps, Sw. An. in Menag. 


p. 285. 
Scaphorhynchus pitangua, Zaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Lafr. Pev. 
Zool 1851, p. 474; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 458. 
Megarhynchus pitangua, 
Hein. J.f. 0.1859, p. 345 ; Cab. et Hein. 
Mus. Rein. ii. p. 64; Scl Cat A. B. p. 224; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 

p. 86; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 112; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578, 
et 1868, p. 168; iid. Nomencl p. 50; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 571 ; 
Cab. J.f 0. 1874, p. 88; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63; Salv. et 
Oodm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201, et 1880, p. 125; Bidgio. P. U. 8. N. M. v. 
pp. 394, 500, vi. pp. 374, 393; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 294; Salv. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 296. 
Scaphorhynchus mexicanus, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1851, p. 473; Sol. Ibis, 
1859, p. 120. 
Megarhynchus niexicanus, Rein. J.f.O. 1859, p. 346; Cdb.et Hein. 
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 64; Cab. J.f. 0.1861, p. 246; Scl. Cat. A. B. 

p. 224; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360, et 1870, p. 837 ; Lawr. 
Ann. Z. N. Y. viii. p. 182, ix. p. 201; Frantz. J. f O. 1869, 
p. 308; Nehrkorn, J.f. 0.1881, p. 67. 
Megarh.ynch.us chrysocephalus, Heme, J. f. O. 1859, p. 345 (nee 
Megarhynchus chrysogaster, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 281, 295; Scl. 
Cat. A. B. p. 224. 
Megarhynchus pitangua chrysogaster, Beii. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 

p. 557, et 1885, pp. 91, 122. 
Above brown; head black ; broad supercHiaries, joined by a line 
round the nape, white: concealed vertical crest orange or yellow; 
wings and tail blackish brown, with slight rufous or whitish edgings 
more or less apparent: beneath bright sulphur-yellow; throat white; 
under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow; inner margins of wing- and 
tail-feathers pale rufous; bill and feet black: whole length 8*5 
inches, wing 4-6, tail 3*2. Female similar, but concealed crest 
yellow or wanting. 

Hah. Southern Mexico, and Central and South America down to 
Paraguay. 

After examining a large series of specimens of this species, I have 
come to the conclusion that they may be all safely united under one 
name. It is quite true that in Mexican specimens, as pointed out 
by Lafresnaye, the bill is rather longer and not so widened and the 
size is smaller; but specimens from intermediate localities show an 
intermediate structure, and it is not possible to draw a satisfactory 
line of demarcation between the two forms. jNbr do I now think 
it advisable to keep the form of "Western Ecuador, which I formerly 
called M. chrysogaster, apart. 

a. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater CoU. 
b. c? ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
dAd.sk . 
Mexico. 
Northern Yucatan (Gawmer). 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
«,/. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salviri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
h \$ S ad.
sk.

m. Ad. sk.
n. Jr. sk.
o. Ad.sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. 
$ ad.; 5. Ad.
sk. 
t. 
Ad. sk.
u. <$ ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w. Ad. sk.
x. S ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
«. J ad, sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
h'. tf ad. sk.
cf, d\ <$ $ ad.
sk. 
e'. J ad. sk.

f. tf ad. sk.
g\ Ad. sk.
h\ $ ad. sk.
i\ $ ad. sk.
h'. Ad. sk.
/'. S ad. sk.


m', ri. Ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
pf, q\ Ad. sk.

r'. Ad. sk.

1 

62. MirscrvokA. 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Safoiri). 
Choctum (Salviri). 
Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala

(Salviri). 

 Volcan de Agua, above San

 Diego (SaMri). 
Savana Grande (Salvin). 
Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala

(Salviri). 

 Guatemala. 
San Pedro, Honduras (WUtely). 
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). 
San Jose, Costa Rica (Carmiol).


 Irazu district, Costa Eica


(Rogers), 

 Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Paraiso, Panama (Hughes). 
Panama (McLeannari). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). 
Atanques, Santa Marta, U. S. 0.

(Simons), 
Venezuela (Goering).


 Eoraima, Brit. Guiana ( WUtely).

 Eoraima,Brit. Guiana (WUtely). 
Yquitos,Up.Amazons(JF/Mfe/y). 
Santa Eita, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).


 Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Quito. 
Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama


zons ( Wallace). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).

191 

 Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Sclater Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Sclater Coll. (Type 

of M. chrysogaster.) 
Sclater Coll. . 

 J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 EioClaro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Novo Eribotvrgo, Eio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll. 


(Touds). 

 Eio, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 

s. 3 ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t'. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
62. MUSCIVOEA. Type. 
Muscivora, Cnv. Tall Gin. d. Class. d>An. (1800) M. regia. 
Onychorhynchus, Fischer, Zoognosia, p. 31 (1814) M. regia. 
Muscipeta, Ouv. Ittgn. An. i. p. 344 (1817) M. regia. 
Todus, Bonn. Fnc. MStk i. p. 268 (1823) M. regia. 
Megalophus, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 257 (1837) M. regia. 

The highly developed and brilliantly coloured crest at once distinguishes 
Muscivora from all its allies. It is also remarkable for 
its elongated and much flattened beak and rather feeble feet. 

Pour species of the genus range through tropical America from 
Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil. 

192 
TYRAJSmDM. 

Key to the Species. 

A, Bill broadened at the base and not so long. 
j Breast transversely striated 1. regia, p. 192. 
) Breast not striated 2. swainsonif p. 192. 

B. 
Bill much elongated and narrower at the base. 
J Back dark, olivaceous 3. mexicana, p. 193. 
j Back lighter, rufous 4. occidentalism p. 194. 
1. Muscivora regia. 
Tyran huge de Cayenne, Daub. PI. JEnL 289. 
Todus regius, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 445. 
Platyrhynchus regius, View. Fnc. Meth. p. 843. 
Megalophus regius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 183. 
Muscivora regia, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 42 (1841); Feheln, Sitz. JJzad. 


Wiss. Wieyi, xxxi. p. 326; id. Orn. Bras. p. 112 (Eio Brancho); 
Cab. etBein. Mus. Bein. ii. p. 65; Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45 j id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 224; Scl et 8alv. Nomencl. p. 50; Zayard, Ibis, 1873, 
p. 383 (Para); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Brit. Guiana). 
Onychorhynchus castelnaudi, Dev. B. Z. 1849, p. 56. 
Megalophus castelnaudi, Des Murs, Zool Voy. Casteln. et Devilfe, Ois. 
p. 55. 
Muscivora castelnaudi, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 981 (Amazonia), 
et 1873, p. 280 (E. Peru); iid. JSfomencl p. 50; Tacz. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 295. 
Above dark olivaceous brown; elongated and expanded vertical 
crest scarlet, tipped with shining purple; wings dark cinereous; 
tips of wing-coverts and outer secondaries with slight edgings of 
light brown; band across the rump light buff; tail dark ferruginous 
brown, lighter at the base: beneath pale ochraceous; throat lighter; 
breast and fLanks more or less transversely barred with ashy brown; 
under wing-coverts pale ochraceous; bill dark brown, pale at the 
base of the lower mandible; feet pale yellowish brown: whole 
length 5'6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*4. Female similar, but crest 

smaller and yellowish. 
ILah. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Camacusa ,British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitehj). 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. $ ad. sk. 
e. <$ ad. sk. 
/ . S ad. sk. 
g. $ ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Pebas, Peru (BauxweU). 
Chamicuros, E. Peru. 
Para (Layard). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
E. Bartlett [C.J. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

2. Muscivora swainsoni. 
Muscipeta regia, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 944; d?Orb. Voy.} Ois. p. 317. 
Megalophus regius, Sw. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 145, pi. 15; id. Orn. 

Dr. pis. 51, 52; Burm. Sijst. Ueb. ii. p. 504. 
Muscivora regia, Burm. Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 165. 
Muscivora swainsonii, Pelzeln, Sits. Akad. Wtss. Wien, xxxi. p. 326; 

Cab. et Bein. Mus. Bein. ii. p. 65; Scl. Cat, A. JB. p. 224; Scl. et 
Sah. P. Z.SAM&, p. 615 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 50. 

62 . MUSCIVORA. H)3 
^ Above brown; large and expanded crest on the head scarlet, 
tipped with brilliant purple; wings blackish; wing-eovcris and 
secondaries edged with brown ; rump and tail-feathers bright 
ochraeeous, with a more or less well-defined blackish band at the end 
of the tail-feathers : beneath uniform pale ochraeeous, under wing-
coverts similar ; bill—uppor mandible pale brown, lower whitish; 
feet pale yellowish brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-7. 
Female similar, but crest smaller and more yellowish. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

In this species the bill is short as in M. rer/ia, but is different in 
form, the edges sloping straight towards the apex and not being 
swollen out at the base as in M. regia. Besides this the bird is 
larger in size, its back is lighter in colour, and there are no traces 
of transverse markings on the breast in adult specimens. 

a. S ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 
b,c. <$ $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. G-ould, Esq. 

3. Mhiscivora mexicana. 
Muscivora mexicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 295,1858, p. 301, et 
1859, pp. 45, 56; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; id. Cat. A. B. p. 225; Scl. 
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124; iid. P. Z. S.1864, p. 360 (Panama), et 
1807, p. 148 (Veragua); iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Bator. Ann. Lyc. 

N. Y. vii. pp. 295, 329 (Panama), ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica) et 
p. 201 (Yucatan) ; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) ; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua) j Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 03 
(Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 
1879, p. 202 (Colombia); Ridgw. P. U. 8. N. M. v. p. 396 (Costa 
Rica), et vi. p. 402 (Nicaragua). 
Above olive-brown with a slight cinereous tint; large expanded 
crest scarlet tipped with deep purple; wings blackish edged with 
brown; wing-coverts slightly spotted with pale fulvous at their 
tips; rump light fulvous ; tail similar but rather darker, and with 
the ends of the tail-feathers more or less blackish: beneath pale 
fulvous ; throat whitish; breast and flanks more or less darkened 
by narrow cross-bands; under wing-coverts and inner webs of 
remiges pale fulvous ; bill born-colour, paler at the base of the lower 
mandible; feet pale brown: whole length 6*2 inches, wing 3-3, 
tail 2*7. Female similar, but with the crest smaller and yellowish. 
Hab. S. Mexico and Central America down to Northern Colombia, 
The elongated bill at once distinguishes this species from the two 

preceding. 
a. 9 ad. sk. Central America. Purchased. 
ft,e. c7? ad.sk.
d. e. c? ad. sk.
/ . 2 ad. sk. 
British Honduras (Blancaneaux). 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Chisec, Vera Paz {Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g-i. $ ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Satan, Ksq. |C-JVOL. 
xrv. ° 

194 
TYKAJOTDJE. 

2 ad. sk. El Paraiso, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

J' 

$ ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 

k. 
<$ ad. sk. Mirabayes, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 

1. 
(Arce). 

m. § ad. sk. Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
n. 2 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0. 
$ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
p. 
2 ad skSanta F6, Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Santa ¥6, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
& 

r. 
<$ ad. sk. Southern slope, Volcan de Chi- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
riqui (Arce). 
s. 
2 a<i. sk. Mina de Ckorcha, Ckiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
t. 
<$ ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Co]l. 
Panama (Hughes). 
u,v. Panama (McLecmnan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

<$ 2 aa^ s^'
w9 x. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 


<$ 2 a<^ s^y,
z. 6 2 a<^-s^* Manaure, Santa Marta, II. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons), 
a'. 6 &cL sk. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Sclater Coll. 
TJ.B.C. (Simons). 

4. Muscivora occidentalis. (Plate XV.) 
Muscivora occidentalis, Sclater, P.Z. S. 1860, p. 282; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 226; Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl. p. 50; Berl. et Tacz. P.Z. S. 1883, 
p. 557, et 1885, p. 121 (Western Ecuador). 
Above dark fulvous brown; large expanded crest scarlet, tipped 
with bright purple; wings blackish edged with fulvous; wing-
coverts slightly spotted with pale fulvous at the tips; rump bright 
fulvous; tail uniform pale rufous: below pale fulvous; throat 
whitish; under wing-coverts and margins of inner webs of wing-
feathers pale fulvous ; bill—upper mandible horn-colour, lower pale 
yellowish; feet pale brown: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*3, 
tail 2*7. Female similar, but rather smaller and crest yellow. 

Bah. Western Ecuador. 

This is perhaps the most distinct of the four species of Muscivora, 
being immediately recognizable by its generally pale fulvous colouring. 
The bill is not quite so long as in M. meooicana. 

a,b. <$ 2 a(^ sk« Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fras&r). Sclater Coll. 

c. 6 ad. sk. Babahoyo (Fraser). Gould Coll. 
d. 2 a<i' sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth).
e)f* 6 ad. sk. Prov. Loxa, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

03 . HIRUNBINEA. 
105 

03. HIKUTOIKEA. 
Typo 

Hirundinea, d'Orb. et Lafr, Si/n. Aw i. p. 40 (1837) II. WliVoHa 
Plioneutria, Reiehenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvii. (1850)* .. 1[. bollieosa! 

This not ^appropriately named typo is remarkable for its long 
wings and short tarsi. It embraces throe distinct species, which 
occupy separate geographical aroas from Colombia to BT. Argentina. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Rump black like the back. 
I Tail uniform 
1. femiginea, p. 195. 
j Tail with inner webs partly red 2. sclateri, p. 105. 

B. Rump ferruginous red 
3. beliioosa, p. 100. 
1. Hirundinea ferruginea. 
Todus ferrugineus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 446; Lath. 2nd. Orn. I p. 207. 
Hirundinea ferruginea, Felz. Orn. Bras. p. 113 (Rio Negro); id. Ibis. 
1873, p. 27; Scl F.Z.S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota); id. 26w, 1869, 

p. 196, pi. v.fig. 2, et 1882, p. 164; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 ; 
Sab. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above sooty black; wings and tail black; outer webs of inner 
primaries at their bases ferruginous red: beneath dark ferruginous 
red ; chin whitish; under wing-coverts and broad inner margins of 
wing-coverts similar but rather paler; bill and feet black: whole 
length 6-5 inches, wing 4*4, tail 3-2. Female similar. 

Hal. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia. 

a, b. S $ ad. sk. Eorainia, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 


c. 
2 ad. sk. Twek-quay Mt., Carimang r. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(JVMtehj). 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Eio Icanna, N. Brazil (Nat- Sclater Coll. 
terer), 
2. Hirundinea sclateri. 
Hirundinea bellicosa, Scl. Ibis} 1869, p. 196, t. v. fig. 2 ; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537. 
Myiarchus ferrugineus, Cab. in Tsok. F. P., Aves, p. 154. 
Hirundinea ferruginea, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota). 
Hirundinea sclateri, Reinh, Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 147 (1870); 
Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 51; Scl Ibis, 1882, p. 104; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 21 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 297. 

Above sooty black; wings blackish, with a large ferruginous red 
blotch which occupies the greater part of the inner primaries and 
adjoining secondaries; tail blackish, basal two thirds of all the 
lateral rectrices ferruginous red: beneath dark ferruginous red; 
chin whitish ; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers, 
except at their tips, similar, but rather brighter; bill and feet black: 
whole length 6t> inches, wing 4-5, tail 3*2. Female similar. 

* 
Cf. Gray, Cat. of Gksn. (1855), p. 51. 
o2 
196 
TYEAimiDiE. 

Hab. Colombia and Peru. 

The greater extent of the red on the wing, and the presence of 
the same colour on the inner webs of the lateral rectrices at once 

distinguish this species from H. ferruginea. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Bogota, U. S. C. Purchased. 
3. Hirundinea bellicosa. 

Suiriri roxo obscuro, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 129. 
Tyrannus bellicosus, Vieill Nonv. Diet. xxxv. p. 74; id. JEJnc. Meth. 


p. 846. 
Hirandinea bellicosa, dOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 314 (Bolivia) ; Hartl Ind. 
Az. p. 12 j Scl Ibis, 1869, p. 196, et 1882, p. 164; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 51; Bernhardt, Fugelf. Camp. Bras. p. 144; Tacz. 

B.Z.S. 1874, p. 537 (0. Peru) j 'Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 343 (N.E. 
Brazil) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607 (Arg. Rep.); Berl.et Jher. 
Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 135 (Rio Grande do Sul); Scl. et Huds. 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 151. 
Muscicapa rupestris, Max. Beise, i. p. 345. 
Platyrhynehus rupestris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 977. 
Hirundinea rupestris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113; Scl Ibis, 1869, p. 198, 


pi. v. fig. 3 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia). 
Muscivora ferruginea, Burm. Syst. TIeb. ii. p. 505; Fuler, J.f. 0. 

1867, p. 232 (nest). 
Phoneutria ferruginea, Cab. et JSein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65. 
Hirundinea ferruginea, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 225 (excl. syn.). 
Platyrhynehus hirandinaceus, Spiv, Av. Bras. iL p. ll, t. 13. fig. 1. 
Tyrannus pyrrhophseus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv.; id. Enc. Meth. 

p. 847. 
Above sooty brown; wings blackish, with a large ferruginous 
red blotch occupying the greater portion of the inner primaries and 
secondaries; rump and greater part of the tail-feathers ferruginous 
red, apical portion of tail-feathers blackish: beneath ferruginous 
red; throat greyish; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-
feathers, except the tips, similar to belly, but brighter; bill and feet 
black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4*3, tail 2-2. Female similar. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina. 
The red rump at once distinguishes this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ner). 
e. d1 ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f} 9> 6 ? ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
A, i. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

j. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Olaussen [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Catamarca, Arg. Rep. ( White). Sclater Coll. 
I, m. $ ad. sk. Fuente de Andalgala, Catamarca, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Arg. Rep. (White), 

n. 
Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 
64 . CNIPODECTES. 
64. CNIPODECTES. 
Typo. 
Cnipodectes, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281 .. C. subbrunneus. 

Bill and foot of Cnipodectes. 

Of the correct position of this form I am by no means certain. 
The bill is shorter and broader than in Hirundinea, and the wings 
are short and rounded. The tarsi are rather short. 

Cnipodectes extends from Panama to Amazonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Larger; bill broader 1. subbrwmeus, p. 197. 
B. Smaller ; bill narrower 2. minor, p. 197. 
1. Cnipodectes subbrunneus. (Plate XYI.) 
Cyclorhynchus subbrunneus, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 282, 295. 
Myiochanes subbrinmeus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 232. 
Cnipodectes subbrunneus, Scl. et Salv. Nommcl. p. 51 (part.); iid. 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 514 (Antioquia); Berl. 
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 123 (Ecuador). 
Above olivaceous brown; wings blackish, margined with rufous; 
tail nearly uniform brown, but centres of the webs darker: beneath 
cinereous, washed with brown on the breast and flanks; middle of 
belly lighter, whitish; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers pale fulvous; bill—upper mandible black, lower 
whitish; feet pale brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*4, 
tail 3-3. 

Hah. Ecuador and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (3-aser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. 3 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraaer). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad.sk. BalzarMts., Ecuador (llUngworth),Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S &d. sk. Remedies, Antioqnia, U. S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
2. Cnipodectes minor. 
Cnipodectes subbrunneus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281. 
Cnipodectes minor, Scl. P.Z.S. 1.883, p. 654; Tacz. Orn. PSr.il 

p. 294. 
198 
TYBANNIDiE. 

Similar to 0. subbrunneus, but smaller, and bill narrower : whole 

length. 5*7 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-5. 
Ilab. Peru, Ecuador, and Panama. 
I am not sure that this form is properly separable from the pre


ceding, but the difference in size is considerable. 

a. tf ad, sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
I. <$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
c. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Ilanxioell) Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll 
e. (S ad.• Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
65. 
MYIOBITJS. m 
Type. 
Tyrannula, 8io. Zool. Jouni. iii. p. 358 (1827) M. barbatus. 
Myiobius, Gray, List of Gen. ed. i. p. SO (1840) M. barbatus. 
Platyrhynchus, Spit', Av. Bras, ii p. 9 (1825) M. barbatus. 
Pyrrhomyias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 66 

(1859) M. vieillotides, 
Myiophobus, Reichenb. Orn. Syst. Wat, t. lxvii. 
(1850) M. ngevius.* 

This is an extensive genus embracing upwards of twenty species, 
of small size, which extend nearly all over the Neotropical Region. 
The bill is rather snort and much broadened* the gape is well 
armed with rictal bristles; the wings are rather long, and the tarsi 
short. Nearly all the males show a brightly coloured, half-concealed, 
vertical crest, which, is in some cases absent, or differently 
coloured in the female. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Win^s not banded ,* a conspicuous pale 
cervine rump-band• tail dark. 
a. Breast pale fawn-colour 1. barbatus, p. 199. 
b. Breast dark fulvous. 
1 Smaller; bill weaker 2. sulphureipygius, p. 200. 
J Larger j bill stronger 3. villosus, p. 201. 
B. 
Wings banded or edged; rump-band more 
or less rufous. 
e. Under 
surface ferruginous,* throat 
similar. 
J Back dark olivaceous 4. cinnamomeus, p. 202. 
| Back rufous 5. vieillotides, p. 202. 

d. Under surface ochraceous. 
I Throat grey • tail rufous 6. erythrurus, p. 203. 
| Throat ochraceous j tail cinereous .. 7. mfescens, p. 204. 
C. Rump bright yellow • wings not banded. 
e. Tail rufous, tipped with blackish. 
I With a white frontal band 8. ornatus, p. 204. 
| "With two white frontal spots 9. stelhtus, p. 204. 
* Cf. Gray, Hand-L i. p. 360. 
65. MXIOBITJS. 
199 

/ . Tail wholly rufous. 
( Throat olive, like the breast 10. phcenicurus, p. 205. 
| Throat greyish 11. aureiventris, p. 205. 


D. Uniform above; no rump-band. 
g. 
Breast not striated; olivaceous. 
a'. Upper surface yellowish olive ... . 12. fiavicans, p. 205. 
b'. Upper surface greenish olive. 
1 Without a white line round the 
i eye 13. phcenicomitra, p. 206. 
( With a white line round the eye. 14. superciliosus, p. 206. 

h. Breast not striated, fulvous. 
e'. Bill broader; lower surface yellowish. 
( Smaller 15. pulcher, p. 207. 
J Larger ,... 16. bellus, p. 207. 


d'. Bill narrower; lower surface ochraceous 
17. subochraceus, p. 208. 

i. 
Breast more or less striated. 
e\ Wing-bands bright rufous 18. roraimm, p. 208. 
f. 
Wing-bands ochraceous. 
a". Breast strongly striated 19. ncevius, p. 209. 
b,! 

. Breast lightly striated. 
j Crest red 20. crypterythrus, p. 210. 
| Crest yellow 21. cryptoxanthus, p. 211. 

1. Myiobius barbatus. 
Le Barbichon de Cayenne, Daub. PI. JSnl. 830. fig. 1. 
Muscicapa fasciata, Mull. Naturs. Suppl. p. 172 (1776) ? 
Muscicapa barbata, Gm. S. JV. i. p. 933 (1789); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. 


p. 488. 
Myiobius barbatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67 j Scl P. Z. S, 
1860, pp. 282, 295 (Ecuador); id. Cat A. B. p. 225; Lawr. Ann. 
Lye. -$". Y. vii. p. 328, viii. p. 8 (Panama); Burm. Syst. XJeb. ii. 

p. 501; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 113; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751, 
1873, p. 281, et 1879, p. 514; iid. Nomencl p. 51; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 332, et 1882, p. 21 j id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 298; Tacz.etBerl 
P. Z. S.1885, p. 118; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Br. Guiana). 
Muscipeta barbata, Sw. Zool. III. ii. pi. 116; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 934. 
Platyrhynchus xanthopygius, Spice, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9, pi. 9.fig. 1. 
Muscicapa eupogon, Licht. Mus. Berol 
Myiobius xanthopygius, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, p. 465; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 225; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1866, p. 189 ; JEuler, J. f. 0.1868, p. 185 j Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 113; 
Cab. J.f.O. 1874, p. 88; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537. 
Myiobius atricaudus, Laior. Ibis, 1863, p. 183; id. Ann. L. N. Y. 

viii. p. 8 (Panama) ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360; Salv. 
P.Z. & 1870, p. 198 (Veragua). 
Whiskered Flycatcher, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 245. 
Above olive-green; vertical crest yellow, tipped with olive ; 
wings blackish, slightly margined with brownish; broad band across 
the rump pale lemon-yellow; upper tail-coverts and tail brownish 
black: beneath pale fulvous, whiter on the throat; belly pale 
lemon-yellow; under tail-coverts fulvous; under wing-coverts 
white; bill dark brown, base of the lower mandible white; feet 
pale brown : whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*4. Female 

200 
TYRkTZmDM. 

similar, but rather smaller, and yellow of the crest not so well 
developed. 
Uab. Cayenne, Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and 
Veragua. 
The tail is rather darker in specimens from Panama and Ecuador, 
and it is perhaps possible to recognize this form as a subspecies, but 
in some specimens from Guiana I find the tail very nearly as dark. 

a. Subsp. atricauda. 
a. S ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcs). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. <3 ad.; Panama (McLeannari). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. 5 ad. &k.
f,g.<$ S ad. sk.
h."S ad. sk.
i. (S ad. sk.
j , h. Ad. sk. 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Babahoyo, Ecuador {Fraser). 
Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.
(Salmon), 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vSalvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp. typica. 

I, m. <$ 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman CoU. 
(Whitely). 

n. 2 ad. sk. Camacusa, Br. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
o,p. $ ad. sk. Koraima,Br. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ 
ad. sk. River Atapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

r. $ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. Amazons. Purchased. 
t-xo. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
x, y. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
2. ITyiobius snlphureipygius, 
Tyrannula sulphureipygia, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296. 
Myiobius sulphureipygius, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, p. 465; id. Ibis, 1859, 


p. 442, et 1873, p. 373: id. Cat. A. B. p. 226 j Scl. H Salv. Ibis, 
1860, p. 399; iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. 
p. 8, ix. p. 114; Salv. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 198; 
Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, p. 308: Ridgw. P. U. 8. N. M. vi. p. 402. 
Myiobius citrinopygius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. Q7. 
Myiobius mexicanus, Cab. in Mus. Berol. 

Above olive-green: vertical crest bright yellow, tipped with 
olive; wings brownish black, slightly margined with brownish; a 
broad band across the rump pale sulphur-yellow; upper tail-coverts 
and tail blackish: beneath brownish fulvous; throat whitish, 
middle of belly yellowish; under wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill 
brown, base of lower mandible pale ; feet pale brown: whole length 
5-2 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2*3. Female similar, but rather smaller 
and yellow crest absent or not so well developed. 

Uab. Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui. 

65. MYIOBITJS. 
201 
This form principally differs from M. barbatas in the darker 
fulvous colour of the hody below. It is also rather larger in sizo. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico (Salle), Sclater Coll.^ (Type 
or the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. SallS [C.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Cozumel I.,Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. BritisliII onduras(Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S 
&d. sk.: f. Sources of Bio de la Passion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). 
g. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ckoctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Choctunij Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
?, k. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [0.]. 
7. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Tucumqui, Costa Kica (Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Costa Pdca (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
o. <$ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arc6). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. <$ ad. sk. Santa Fe", Veragua (Ai*c$). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q, r. (S 2 ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arae). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s JUT. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
3. Myiobius villosus. 
Myiohius villosus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 93,465; id. Cat. A.B. p. 226; 
Sel et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 514, 615 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 21; 
id. Oro. Per. ii. p. 299 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 91,116. 

Myiobius xanthopygius, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537. 

Above dark olive-green ; vertical crest lemon-yellow, tipped with 

olive; wings blackish, slightly margined with brownish olive; 

broad band across the rump pale sulphur-yellow ; upper tail-coverts 

and tail dark brownish black: beneath deep fulvous, throat whitish; 

middle of belly yellowish; under wing-coverts white, tinged with 

fulvous; bill dark brown, pale at the base of the lower mandible; 

feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*4. Ftmale 

similar, but rather smaller, and yellow in crest absent or not so 

apparent. 

Jffab. Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. 

This is a close ally of M. sulphureipygius, and in some cases 

difficult to distinguish in plumage; but it appears to be a larger and 

stronger bird, with more robust beak, and rictal bristles more 

developed. 

a. Q ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (One 
of the types of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Eio Napo. Sclater Coll. (One 
of the types of the species.) 
J. Gould, Esq. 
d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5 ad. sk. Erontino, U. S. C. (Salmon). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

T. K. Salmon [0.]. 
5 ad. sk. Frontino, U. S. C. 

Sclater Coll. 

Ad. sk. Bogota. 

Purchased. 

Ad. sk. Bogota. 

Salvin-G-odman Coll. 

Ad. sk, Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia 

(Buckley). 

202 TYKANNIDiE. 

4. MyioMus cmnamonieus. 
Muscipeta einnamomea, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 49 (1837); 

d?Orb. Vot/., Ois. t. 34. figs. 1, 2. 

Muscipeta vieillotii, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 321. 

Myiobius pyrrliopterus, Hartl. Pev. Zool. 1843, p. 289. 

Tyrannula pyrrkoptera, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191. 

Tyrannula cinnaniomea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149. 

Myiobius einnamomeus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, et 1860, p. 466 ; 

id. Cat. A. B. p. 226; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. pp. 328,472; Sol. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186, et 1879, pp. 514, 615; iid. Nomeneh 

p. 51 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, 1879, p. 235, et 1882, p. 21; id. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 299; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885,#p. 91 (Ecuador). 
Pyrrhomyias cinnamonieus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 66. 

Above dark olive, head rufous; concealed vertical crest bright 
yellow; wings blackish, edges of coverts and a large patch occupying 
the basal portion of the secondaries bright ferruginous red; slight 
uropygial band fulvous ; tail blackish brown : beneath deep ferruginous, 
rather duller on the throat; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers bright rufous; bill and feet black : whole 
length 4*8 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*2. Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 
b. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Bogota, U. S. C. J. Gould, Esq. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
g! Ad. sk. Bogota, U. S. C. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. d $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7c. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. $ ad. sk. Pinipi, Ecuador (Prase?-). Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru { WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. <$ § ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
5. Myiobius vieillotides. 
Tyrannula vieillotioides, Lafr. Pev. Zool 1848, p. 174. 
Myiobius vieillotides, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 226; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1868, p. 168; iid. Nomenel. p. 51; 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Santa Marta). 
Pyrrhomyias beinei, Cab. et Hein. Mtts. Hein. ii. p. 66. 


Above ferruginous brown ; head darker, with a concealed vertical 
crest of bright yellow; wings blackish brown; tips of coverts and a 
large patch occupying the basal portion of the secondaries bright 
ferruginous red; tail ferruginous red, with large central blackish 
blotches along the shafts which increase towards the ends: beneath 
deep ferruginous red; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers like the belly but rather brighter; bill and feet 
black : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*4. Female similar. 

65. MYIOBIUS. 
203 
Bab. Coast of Colombia and Venezuela. 

This species is nearly allied to M. einnamomeus, but distinguishable 
by its rufous back and the rufous bases of the tail-feathers. 

;sk

?* ? / d San Sebastian, U. S. C. {Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

6. Ad. sk. 
CaripS, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. ; d. Jr. sk. 
Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. 
Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [G.]. 
6. Myiobius erythrurus. 
Myiobius erythrurus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 184£i. p. 249, pi. 5. fig. 1; 
id. in Sc/iomb. Guian. iii. p. 701; Sclater*, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70, et 
1860, pp. 295, 46(3; id. Cat. A. B. p. 226 ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 

vii. p. 472, ix. p. 114; Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 308 ; Pek. Orn. Bras. 
p. 114; Scl. et Salv. P.Z.S. 1867, pp. 578, 595, 751, et 1873, 
pp. 186, 281 ; iid. Mmencl p. 51; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et 
1882, p. 21 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 301; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 
1870, p. 198; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Br. Guian.); Boucard, P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 64; Berk et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 557, et 1885, p. 121. 
Tyrannula erythrura, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149. 

Above greyish olive, lower back and tail bright rufous; wings 
blackish edged with rufous : beneath bright fulvous ; throat greyish; 
bill brown, pale at the base of the lower mandible: feet pale whitish 
brown: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female similar. 

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and 
Costa Pica. 
The absence of the coloured vertical crest, the small size, and the 
pure rufous tail at once distinguish this species. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
b, e. S 
$ ad. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 


d. $ 
ad. sk. Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman 0 oil. 
(Whitely). 
e. Ad. sk 
Albina, Surinam. C. Bartlett [C.]. 
/. 
$ ad. sk. Rio Oapim, Para, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Wallace). 

g. $ ad. sk. 
Yquitos,Upp er Amazons ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. c? ad. sk. 
Chamieuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
i. 
Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, h Ad, sk. 

Bio Jsfapo. 
Sclater Coll. 

I 
Ad« sk. 

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

m. 6 ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

n. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Purchased. 

o. Ad. sk. 
Chepo, Isthm. of Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

p. Ad. sk. 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

q. J ad. sk. 
Santa F6, Veragua {Ai'cfo. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

r. <$ ad. sk. 
M.tf? a(Lsk 
Angostura, Costa Rica (Uarmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


204 
TYKANNID2B. 

7. Myiobius rufescens. 
Myiobius rufescens, Sahad. Att. Soc. It. 1864, p. 152• Scl et Sah. 
RZ.S.1868, pp. 174, 569; iid. Nomencl p, 51; Tacz.P.Z.S. 
1874, p. 5S8,1870, p. 235, et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 303. 
Myiobius nationi, Scl P.Z. 8. 1866, p. 99, t. xi. fig. 1. 

Above cinereous, slightly mixed with ochraceous, rump ochraceous* 
concealed vertical crest yellow or reddish yellow ; terminal spots on 
both rows of coverts and external borders of secondaries rufous; 
tail cinereous, with pale tips to the feathers : beneath ochraceous, 
paler and more whitish on the throat; under wing-coverts ochraceous 
• bill blackish, feet brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2*2, 
tail 2. Female similar, but crest not so well developed. 

Eab. "Western Peru. 
The cinereous back and ochraceous under surface at once distinguish 
this species. 

a, b. c? ad. sk. Lima, Peru {Nation). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of 31. nationi) 

c. 2 
ad. sk. Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
8. Myiobius ornatus. 
Tyrannula ornata, Lafr. Pev. Zool. 1853, p. 57 • Sclater, P. Z, S. 1854, 
p. 113, pi. 6Q.fig. 2. 
Myiobius ornatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p.466; id.Cat. A. B. p. 226 ; 
Scl et Sah. Nomencl. p. 51; Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 158; Perl 
et Tacz. P.Z.S. 1883, p. 557. 

Above olive-green, head blackish• sides of head cinereous; narrow 
front white; concealed vertical crest lemon-yellow; lores white; 
rump bright sulphur-yellow ; wings blackish brown, slightly edged 
with olivaceous; tail at the base rufous, passing into blackish browTn 
at the end: beneath olive-green, throat passing into cinereous; belly 
and crissum bright sulphur-yellow; under wing-coverts olivaceous ; 
inner margins of secondaries whitish; bill blackish: feet dark 
brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1*8. Female 
similar. 

Eab. Colombia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
/-A. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmanri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. Myiobius stellatus. 
Myiobius ornatus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144 (Ecuador). 
Myiobius stellatus, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 158 • Perl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 557,1884, p. 297, et 1885, pp. 117,121. 

Like M. ornatus but smaller, basal half of the tail yellow, then 

65. MYIOBIUS. 205 
rufous, apical portion, blackish.; edges of secondaries and tertiaries 
somewhat rufescent, abdomen and rump brighter yellow, breast 
more yellowish. 

Hal. Western Ecuador. 

This form appears to me to be barely separable from M. ornatus; 
but having only one specimen to judge from, I prefer to state the 
points by which Messrs. Berlepsch and Taczanowski (P. Z. S. 1883, 

p. 557) think it may be recognized. 
a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10. Myiobius phoenicurus. 
Tyranmila phcenicura, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113, pi. 66.fig. 1. 

Myiobius phcenicuras, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70, et 1860, p, 466 ; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 226; Scl et Sah. Nomencl. p. 51; iid. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 186; Cab. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 158; Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, 

p. 538 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 302 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91 
(Ecuador). 
Above olive-green; nape and sides of the head cinereous; crown 
black, with a concealed vertical crest lemon-yellow; narrow front 
white; wings blackish, with slight rufous edgings; rump bright 
lemon-yellow; tail chestnut-red : beneath yellowish olive ; throat 
cinereous; lower part of the belly bright yellow; under wing-
coverts pale rufous; bill and feet dark brown: whole length 4*5 
inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hah. Eastern Ecuador. 
The pure chestnut-red tail at once distinguishes this form from 


the preceding. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. Ad. sk. 
Rio Napo. 
Rio Napo. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Gould Col]. 
Salvin-Gfodman Coll. 

11. Myiobius aureiveutris. 
JVIymbius aureiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782. 
Yery nearly similar to M. johoenicurus, and apparently only distinguishable 
by its rather larger size and very pale greyish, nearly 
white throat. 

Hah. Southern Peru. 

a. Ad.sk. Cosnipata, Peru (^fo*fc$/). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. $ ad.; c. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitehj). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
12. Myiobius flavicans. (Plate XVII.) 
Myiobius flavicans, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1860, p. 464; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 227; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781, et 1879, p. 514; iid. 
Nomencl p. 51; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 297. 
Above yellowish olive; concealed vertical crest orange or yellow; 

206 TYKANNIJDJE. 

lino round the eye yellowish; wings dark ashy brown; tips of the 
coverts and outer margins of wing-feathers fulvous ; tail ashy 
brown, with slight olivaceous edgings: beneath yellowish, brighter 
on the middle of the belly and passing into olivaceous on the 
flanks; under wing-coverts pale yellow; inner margins of wing-
feathers fulvous: bill horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 4*8 
inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*1. 'Female similar, but without the concealed 
orange or yellow crest. 

.Hah. Ecuador and Colombia. 

This is a very distinct species, at once distinguishable by its 
mainly olive and yellow dress. As in other members of the genus, 
the crest seems to vary in tint from yellow to orange or reddish. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Jad.sk.
f-i. $ ad.;j, k. 
Intac, Ecuador (Bucldey). 
Antioquia, Colombia {Salmon). 
Santa Elena, Antioquia. 
Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll! 
Salmon [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
2 ad. sk. 
/. Ad. sk.
7)i. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Aragua, Venezuela. 
Purchased. 
Salnn-Godnun Coll. 
Purchased. 

13. Myiobrus phoenicomitra. 
Myiobius phosnieomitra, Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91. 
Above olive-green; concealed vertical crest reddish orange: 
wings blackish, with slight fulvous edgings to the coverts and 
outer secondaries; tail ashy black, with slight olivaceous edoincs: 
beneath yellowish, brighter on the middle of the belly and& more 
olivaceous on the breast and flanks; inner margins of wing-feathers 
pale fulvous ; bill dark cinereous, lower mandible whitish; feet 
pale brown: whole length 4 4 inches, wing 2% tail 2*1. Female 
similar, but vertical crest absent or less developed. 

Hab. Ecuador. 
Apparently separable from M.jlavicans by the much greener tint 
of the olive above and paler colour below. 

a,b. $ 5 a<*-sk- Mapoto, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimens.) 

14. lEyiobius superciliosus. 
Myiobius superciliosus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et 1882 p 21 
Myiobius superciliaris, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 306. ' 

Above olive-green, with a slight brownish tinge on the lower 
back : concealed vertical crest yellow ; slight superciliary mark and 
line round the eye yellowish; wings blackish, slightly edged with 
fulvous; tail dark brown: beneath yellowish, brighter on the 

65 . MYIOBIUS. 207 
middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts palo yellow, inner margins 
of wing-feathers fulvous; bill and foet dark brown: whole length 
4 7 inches, wing 2-Q, tail 2*2. Female similar, but rather paler 
and without the yellow vertical crest. 

Hah. Peru. 

I have only a single female specimen of this species before me. 
It seems to be closely allied to M. flavkans, and T am somewhat 
inclined to doubt its real distinctness. M. Taczanowaki (Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 307) has pointed out what appear to be the differences. 
a. Jr. sk. Cochocho, Pent (Stokmanri), Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimen.) 
15. Myiobius pulcher. 
Myiobius pulcher, Sclater, P.Z.S. I860, p. 464; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 227; id. P.Z.S. 1866, p. 100, pi. xi. fig. 2, et 1873, p. 780 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51; Ridqio. P. U. S. iV. M. iv, p. 177 j 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 302. 
Above olive, with a yellow tinge; head darker; concealed vertical 
crest bright orange; wings blackish; broad edgings of the wing-
coverts and outer margins of external secondaries palo fulvous ; tail 
ashy brown : beneath yellowish, passing into fulvous yellow on the 
breast; under wing-coverts pale yellow; inner margins of wing-
feathers pale fulvous; upper mandible blackish, lower whitish; 
feet pale brown: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2, tail 1*6. Female 
similar, but vertical crest less developed. 


Hah. Ecuador and Peru. 
This bird may be recognized by its small size and the conspicuous 
bands across the wing-coverts. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 

c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
16. Myiobius bellus. 
Myiobius bellus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. Ill • id. Cat. A. B. p. 360; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51. 
Elainea ferrugineiceps, Pelz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxii. 

p. 447 (Ecuador). 
Above olive-green, with a slight brownish tinge; head cinereous, 
with a concealed vertical crest of deep orange; wings 
blackish; broad tips of two rows of wing-coverts and external 
margins of outer secondaries fulvous; tail ashy brown: beneath 
yellowish, paler on the throat, and passing into fulvous on the 
breast; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins of wing-
feathers fulvous; bill—upper mandible blackish, lower whitish; 
feet blackish: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-1. 

Hob. Colombia. 

203 
TyEANNIDJS. 

Very closely allied to M. pulcher, but larger in size, and of a 
darker fulvous on the breast. 

a, 5. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 
e, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

17. Myiobius subochraceus. 
Myiobius subochraceus, Scl T. Z. S. 1887, p. 50. 
Above dull olive-green, rather more ochraceous on the rump; 
wings blackish, with broad tips to both rows of coverts and external 
margins of secondaries pale fulvous; tail dark cinereous : beneath 
bright ochraceous, more yellowish in the middle of the belly; under 
wing-coverts pale ochraceous; bill dark brown; feet black: whole 
length 4*7 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2-6. 

Hah. Bolivia. 

The specimen described is apparently a female of a third species 
of the group of M. pulcJier, distinguished by its large size and the 
uniform ochraceous colouring below. There is just a faint appearance 
of bright colour on the crown, so that the male would probably 
have a concealed orange crest. The bill is rather narrower and more 
elongated than in the two preceding species. 

The second specimen (b), which I have temporarily placed here, 
is probably the young of a different species. It is more of an 
olive-green above, and the form of the bill comes quite close to 

M. quicker. 
a. Jr. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). (Type of the species.) 
I. 
Jr. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). (Probably different.) 
18. Myiobius roraimse. (Plate XYIH.) 
Myiobius roraimse, 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 207: Salvin. Ibis. 
1885, p. 297. 

Above olive-brown; head with a concealed reddish crest; wings 
blackish, two broad bars across the wing-coverts and external 
margins of outer secondaries rufous; tail brown: beneath pale yellowish 
; breast and sides slightly freckled with cinereous; under 
wing-coverts white ; inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; 
upper mandible brown, lower whitish: feet dark brown: 
whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2'6, tail 2'5. Female similar, but red 
crest absent or but slightly indicated. 

Hah. Interior of British Guiana. 

A very distinct species, perhaps most nearly allied to M. rmvius, 
but larger and of quite a different colour below. 

65. MYIOBIUS. 209 
a-c. cjad.; d,e.
2 ad. skfi9<$ 
S ad. sk. 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Roralma, Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-GoduianOoll. 
(Types of the species.) 
Sclater OolL 
h. (31 ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Twek-quey, Carimangr., Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brit. Guima (Whitely). 

19. MyioMus nsevius. 
Gobe-niouche a poitrine tachet6e de Cayenne; Daub. PI Enl. 574. 

fig. 3. 
Muscicapa nsevia, j?od& T«&Ze d. PL Enl. p. 34 (1783). 
Muscicapa virgata, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 948. 
Platyrhynchus chrysoceps, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 10, pi. 11. fig. 2. 
Muscipeta chrysoceps, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 940. 
Muscicapa flammiceps, Temm. PI. Col. 144. fig. 3 (§). 
Myiobixis auriceps, Gray in Zool. Voy.' Beagle] iii. p. 47. 
Muscipeta virgata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 320; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. 

p. 486. 
Tyrannula ferruginea, Sw. Orn. Br. pi. 53. 
Tyrannula chrysoceps, Hartl. Vers. Mus. Brem. p. 49. 
Myiobius nsevius, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466, et 1873, p. 780; id. Cat 
A. B. p. 227; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 89; Scl. et Salv, P. Z. S. 
1860, p. 189, 1868, pp. 138, 142,168, 1873, pp. 186, 281, 1876, 
p. 16, et 1879, pp. 514, 615; iid. Nbmencl. p. 51; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
p. 114 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 ; Berl J. f. O. 1873, p. 259, et 
1884, p. 303; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 383; Sain. P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 148, et 1870. p. 198 ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Br. Guian.); Forbes, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 343; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882; p. 21; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 305; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. yes. 
Orn. 1885, p. 136 (Rio Grande do Sul); Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. 
B?'as. p. 142; Barrows, Bidl Nutt, Orn. CI. viii. p. 201 (Entrerios); 
Scl. et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 151. 
Myiophobus nsevius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 69. 

Above brown; lores whitish; concealed vertical crest red or 
yellow; wings blackish., two bands across the coverts and outer 
margins of external secondaries pale rufous or fulvous, sometimes 
whitish; tail dark brown: beneath fulvous white; sides of throat, 
breast, and flanks more or less distinctly flammulated with brown ; 
under wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill brown, lower mandible 
whitish ; feet blackish: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2*3. 
Female similar, but concealed crest yellow or^absent. 

Hah Yeragua and South America down to Argentine Republic. 

The colour of the crest in this species seems to vary from red-to 
yellow; it is not quite evident from marked specimens that this is 
sexual, but such is, I suspect, the case. 

a <$ ad. sk. 
Santa F6, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

b. Q ad.sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arc4). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 
Ad.sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeannan). 
d. 
Jr. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hughes'). 
VOL. Xiv. 
p 

TYBAIOrrD-ZB. 

e. $ ad. sk. 
f. Ad. sk. 
<7> h. $ ad. sk. 
«. $ ad. sk. 
Medellin, U. S. 0. (Salmon). 
Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela (Goering). 
Cariipano, Venezuela (Goe-
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. 
k, I. 3 ad.; m. 
? ad. sk. 
n. $ ad. sk. 
o. tf ad. sk. 
^. Ad. sk. 
q, r. Ad. sk. 
5. Ad. sk. 
t. <$ ad.; u. 
ring). 
Trinidad. 
Borainia, British Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Cayenne (Jelski). 
Para (Layard). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil (Berlepsch). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. 
2;, w. Ad. sk. 
a*. Ad. sk. 
Brazil (Joyner), 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
y.
z. 
d ad. sk. 
<$ ad.sk. 
Oran, Salta,
(White). 
Oran, Salta, 
Arg. 
Arg. 
Rep. 
Rep. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoU. 
a'. <5 ad. sk. 
b\ <$ ad.; c',d\ 
(White). 
Buenos Ayres. 
Flores, Buenos Aires, Arg. 
Z0ol.S0c.C0ll. (Type 
of M. auriceps.) 
Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
e'. Ad. sk. 
Rep. (White). 
Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 

20. Myiobius cryTterythrus. 
Myiobius crypterythrus, 8cl. P. Z.8. 1860, p. 464; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 227; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, et 1884, p. 297; Tacz. 
et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 92; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326, et 1880, 
p. 203; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 304. 
Above sooty brown; lores whitish; concealed vertical crest bright 
red; wings blackish, two broad bands across the coverts and outer 
margins of outer secondaries pale rufous; tail brown: beneath 
dirty white; breast obsoletely flamnmlated with dark cinereous; 
under wing-coverts whitish; bill brown; feet blackish: whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2'5, tail 2*2. 
Hab, "Western Ecuador. 

I was inclined at one time to reunite this species to M. ncevius; 
but Messrs. Taczanowski and Berlepsch hold to its distinctness. It 
is certainly much darker above than any specimen of M. ncevius^ and 
much more obsoletely striated below. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Esnieraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. 
Gould Coll. 
66 . PYKOCEPHAITTS. 
211 

21. Myiohius cryptoxautkus. 
Myiobius cryptoxanthus, Set. P. Z. S. I860, p. 445; id. Cat A. B. 
p. 227; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 68, 92. 
Above sooty brown; vertical crest bright yellow tipped with, 
brown; wings blackish, two bars across the coverts and outer margins 
of external secondaries pale fulvous; tail pale brown: below 
whitish: breast obsoletely flammulated with pale ciDereous \ belly 
pale yellowish white; bill brown; feet blackish: whole length 
4-5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2. Female similar, but yellow crest very 
slightly indicated. 

Bab. Western Ecuador. 
The small size, pure yellow crest, and yellowish belly distinguish 


this species. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. S ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). 
1 
\ 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclatex Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 

66. PYROCEPHALUS. 
Type. 
Pyrocephalus, Gould, Zool. Voy.'Beagle,1 iii. p. 44 (1841) P. rubineus. 

Pyrocephalus comes very close to Myiobius in structural characters, 
and is indeed hardly separable except for its slightly longer 
and less broadened bill and less developed rictal bristles. But its 
bright scarlet plumage renders it easily recognizable. The form 
extends from the Southern United States to Argentina and the 
Galapagos. 

Key to the 8jpecies. 

A. Head and body below bright scarlet. 
a. Female striated on breast. 
J Smaller; darker above 1. rubineus, p. 211. 
j Larger; paler above 2. mexicanus, p. 213. 
b. Female not striated on breast 3. nanus, p. 214. 
B. Plumage uniform dark ashy 4. ohscums, p. 215. 
1. Pyrocephalus rubineus. 
Gobe-mouche rouge hupS, Daub. PL Bnl. 675.fig. 2. 
Muscicapa rubious, Bodd. Table de PI. Bnl, p. 42. 
Muscicapa eoronata, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 932. 
Platyrhynchus coronatus, Vieill Enc. MStk p. 840. 
Myiarchus coronatus, Tseh. Faun. PSr., Orn. p. 155; Cab. in Schomb. 


Guian. iii. p. 700. 
Pyrocephalus coronatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188 ; Burm. J. f. 0.1860, 

p. 246 (rep. Arg.); Sternb. J. f. 0.1869, p. 261 (Buenos Ayres). 
Pvrocephalus rubineus. Cab. et&ein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 67', 861. P. Z. S. 
1854, p. 113 (Eucador), 1855, p. 149 (Bogota), et 1866, p. 99 
(Lima) : id. Cat. A.B. p. 227; JDresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 475 (Texas); 
BoL et8ah. P.Z. 8.1866, p. 189 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 987 (Peru), 

P2 

212 TYBAN1STM. 

1868, p. 142 (Conchitas) et p. 175 (Peru), 1873, p. 281, et 1874, 

p. 538 (Peru), et 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 51; 
Pelz. Orn. Bros. p. 114: Hudson, P.Z.S. 1872, p. 808; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, 1877, pp. 326, 332,752 (Peru), 1879, p. 235, 
et 1880, p. 203 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 307; Bumf. Ibis, 
1877, p. 178 (Buenos Ayres) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1870, p. 202, et 
Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 152. 
Pyocephalus nanus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp, 46,144 (Ecuador), et 1800, 

pp. 282, 295 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 228. 
Suiriri coronata, oV Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 336. 
Pyrocepbalus parvirostris, Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle/ iii. p. 44, pi. vi.; 

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67', Burm. La-Plata Beise, ii. 

p. 456. 
Muscipeta strigilata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 900 ( $). 
Pyrocephalus strigilatus, Reinh. FugUf. Camp. Bras. p. 142. 
Pyocephalus rubineus coronatus, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 310. 
Above very dark cinereous; crested bead and body beneath 
scarlet; bill and feet black: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*9, 
tail 2*3. Female. Above paler cinereous, beneath white; breast 
striated with cinereous ; belly more or less rosy red. 

Hab. South America, from Colombia down to Buenos Ayres. 

It is in vain, T think, to attempt to make more than one species 
out of this widely-spread bird, though specimens from the west coast 
are usually smaller. 

a. $ ad. sk. 
b. (S ad. sk. 
Brit. Guiana (ScJiomburgh). 
Brit. Guiana. 
Roy.Geo^.Soc.[Rl. 
Chev. Schombursk 
c. tf ad. sk. 
d. c? ad.; e,/. 
$ ad. sk. 
Valle Dupar, Santa Marta 
(Simons). 
Valencia, IT. S. C. {Simons). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. 
A, i. S ad.; /. 
$ ad. sk.' 
7v. J* ad. sk. 
I, m. <$ ad.; n. 
Bogota. 
Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. G. 
{Salmon). 
Venezuela (Spence). 
Trinidad. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
2 ad. sk. 
o. $ ad. sk. 
p. <$ ad.sk. 
q. <$ ad. sk. 
r, s. <$ ad.; t. 
2 ad. sk. 
u. <$ ad.; v. 
d1 jr. sk. 
w. S ad. sk 
x. $ ad. sk. 
y. <$ ad. sk. 
Choco Bay, U. S. 0. 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Valley of Chillo, Quito (Jameson). 
Guyaquil. 
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). 
I. of Puna,Ecuador(i?w&%). 
Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Capt.Kellett& Lieut. 
Wood [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
CapiKellett & Lieut. 
Wood [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
G. Barclay [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman OoH. 

a. $ ad. sk. 
a'. $ ad. sk 

V. <$ ad. sk. 
c'. (S ad. sk. 
d', e-' 6 2 ad. 
sk. 


f. $ ad. sk. 
g'. <$ ad. sk. 
ti. $ ad. sk. 

i'. c? ad. sk. 
/ , &'. d* ad.; I'. 

S jr. sk. 

m'. c? jr. sk. 

w'. (51 ad. sk. 

o\ ? ad. sk. 

p'' $ ad. sk. 

q', r'. e $ ad. 

sr, t'. 5 ad. sk. 

u'. 2 ad. sk. 

v'. (S jr. sk. 

2(?'. § ad. sk. 

Q6. PYROCEPHAttJS. 

Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buck


ley). 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxioell). 
River Ucayali (Hauxioell), 
Caterido Valley, S.W. Peru 

May, Peru. 

May (Wliitely). 
Tarnbo Valley, Peru 

(Whitely). 
Payta, Peru (Markham). 
Branas, Brazil (Bernhardt). 
Babia, Brazil ( Wucherer), 

Rio, Brazil. 
Buenos Ayres. 


Buenos Ayres. 


Buenos Ayres (HasleMist). 
La Plata (Hudson), 
Mendoza, rep. Arg. 
Mendoza ? 
Rivedaria, rep. Arg. 
Punta Lara, rep. Arg. 


213 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
H. Wliitely [C.]. 
Tweeddale CoU. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
C.Darwin[C.]. (Type 
of P. parvirostris.) 
C.Darwin[C.]. (Type 

of P. parvirostris.) 
Salvin-Godman CoU. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 

0. Durnford [C.l 
0. Durnford [O.j. 
2. Pyrocepbalus mexicantis. 
Tyrannula coronata, Sw. Phil, Mag. 1827, i. p. 367 (Mexico). 
Pyrocepbalus rubineus, Cass. B. Calif, p. 127, pi. 18; Scl. P. Z, S. 
1856, p. 296; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 201. 
^Pyrocepbalus mexicanus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366, et 1864, 

p. 176 (Mexico); id. Ibis, 1859, p. 442; id. Cat. A. B. p. 227; 
Cab. et Mem. Mus. Mein. ii. p. 68; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399 
(Guatemala); iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. 
p. 201 (NT. Yucatan); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan). 
Pyrocepbalus rubineus, var. mexicanus, Baird, Breiv., et Ridgw. N. 
A. B. ii. p. 387. 
Pyrocepbalus rubineus mexicanus, Merrill, P. XI. S. N. M. i. p. 141 
(Texas); Corns, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 444; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. 

M. v. p. 542 (California); id. Man. tf. A. B. p. 345. 
Above dark cinereous; wings sometimes with slight whitish 
edgings; crested head and body beneath scarlet; bill and feefc black: 
whole length 5*3 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*5. Female. Above cinereous, 
with slight whitish edgings to the wings: beneath dirty white, 
striated with cinereous on the breast; belly more or less suffused 
with rosaceous. 

Hob. South California, Mexico, Yucatan, Belize,,and Guatemala. 
Perhaps hardly more than a subspecies of P. rubineus, but generaUy 
recognizable by its larger size and rather lighter back. 

TTRANNTD-ai. 

K. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

S. Morcom [P.]. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater CoU. (Type 

of the species.) 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Gpdman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Sclater CoU. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

C. Dyson [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman CoU. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale ColL 

O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
a. S ad. sk. 
b. S ad. sk 
c. S ad. sk. 
d. e. S S ad. sk. 
f,ff. 62 ad.sk. 
^, z. 6s S ad. sk. 
;, h. d $ ad. sk. 

7. c? ad. sk. 
w. $ ad. sk. 
w. <5 ad. sk. 
o. $ ad. sk. 
p-r. 
$ ad. j s. 
5 ad. sk. 

t. $ ad. sk. 
^s. 
$ ad.; a'-c'. 
$ ad. sk. 

#, e1. <$ 5 ad. sk. 
/ . c5" ad. sk. 
g\ <$ ad. sk. 
hi, i'. S $ ad. sk. 

f. S ad. sk. 
h\ c? ad. sk. 
Arizona, U. S. A. 

La Paz, Lower California 

(JFomr). 
Fort Yuma, CaL, U. S. A. 
Mexico. 
North Mexico (Ward). 
Mazatlan, "W. Mexico (For


rer). 
Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fe


nochio). 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). 
Mexico. 

Progreso, N. Yucatan (Bevis). 
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). 

Silam, Yucatan [Gaumer). 

Yucatan {Gaumer). 
Oozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). 


British Honduras. 
Belize, British Honduras 

(Blaneaneaux). 
Santana, Peten (Salvin). 
Pine-ridge of Poctum, Guatemala. 
Pine-ridge of Poctum, Guatemala 
(Salvin). 
Guatemala. 

3. Pyrocephalus nanus. 
Pyocephalus nanus, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle/ iii. p. 45, pi. 7; 
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. p. 201 (N. Yucatan) • ScL et Sah. 

F. Z. S. 1870, p. 323 (Galapagos Is.); iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Sundevall, 
F. Z. S. 1871, p. 125 (Galapagos Is.); Sharpe, F. Z. S. 1877, 
p. 66 (Charles Is.)• Salv. Tram. Z. S. ix. p. 493 - id. F. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 424 (Galapagos Is.). 
Pyocephalus dulbius, Gould, in Zool Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 46. 
Above blackish; crested head and body beneath scarlet, throat 
rather paler; bill and feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2"5, 
tail 2-2. Female. Above cinereous, wings and tail darker, the 
former slightly edged with whitish: beneath white, with a faint 
rosy tint. 

Hob. Galapagos. 
The females of this diminutive insular form show hardly any 
or very faint traces of striations on the breast. 

a, b. <$ ad. j c. J Indefatigable Island, GalaSalvin-
Godman ColL 

ad.; d~g. Jr. sL pagos (Mabel).
h, i. J $ ad. sk. Indefatigable Island, Gala0. 
Salvin [P.], 
pagos (Mabel). 

66. PYEOCEPHALTJS. 
j. 
<$ ad.; k. c Indefatigable Island, GalaSclater 
Coll. 
jr. sk. pagos (Rabel).
I, m. <$ ad. sk. Charles Island, Galapagos Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(MarJtham). 
n-r. $ ad. sk. Charles Island, Galapagos. Cominr. Cookson [P.]. 

s. S ad.; t, u. Bindloe Island, Galapagos Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3 
jr. sk. (Rabel). 

v. $ 
ad. sk. Galapagos. Capt. Kellett and Lt. 
Wood [P.], 
w, x. $ ad.; y} z. Galapagos. Lt. Burnett and Capt. 
$ ad. sk. 


Fitzroy [P.]. 

a\ 3 ad.; V~d). Galapagos. C. Darwin [P.]. 
$ ad. sk. (Types of P. nanus.)

e\ 5 ad. sk. Galapagos. J. Gould, Esq. (Type 
of P. dubius.) 


4. Pyocephalus obscurus. 
Pyocephalus 
obscurus, Gould, in Zool Voy. 'Beagle] iii. p. 45 
(1841) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46,1864, p. 176 (Mexico), et 1866, 

p. 99 (Lima); id. Cat A. B. p. 228. 
Pyocephalus rubineus obscurus, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 311. 
Myiarehus atropurpureus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 156 (1845). 
Of a uniform dark cinereous, with occasional slight points of 

scarlet in some specimens; belly slightly stained with rosaceous: 

whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*3. Female similar, but 

not so dark. 

Sab. Western Peru. 

I should have been inclined to consider this bird only a dark 
variety of P. rubineus, but such is not the opinion of those who 
have met with it in a state of nature (cf. Jelski, in Tacz. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 312). I think there may have been some mistake about 
the locality of the single specimen said to be from Mexico. 
a. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru. C. Darwin [C.]. 
(Type of P. obscurus.) 
b. Ad, sk. Lima, Peru (Nation), Sclater Coll. 
Lima, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. 
Callao, Peru (Marhham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. 2 a(l-s^« 
Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. J ad. sk. 
(Whitely). 

 c?S a(L Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru. H. Whitelv [0.]. 

f,9


Peru. 
Sclater Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. 
Mexico (?). 
Sclater Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. 
Peru (?). 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 

j. Ad. sk. 
TTKA:OTD-2B. 

67. EMPIDOCHANES*. Type< 
Empidochanes, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 228 (1862) E. fringiUarisf. 

Empidochanes is also not far removed from Myiobius, but the bill 
is larger and longer, and tbe rictal bristles are not so much developed. 
The species are found in South America from Colombia to 
South Brazil. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Under wing-coverts whitish. 
a. Upper surface umber-brown; wing-bands ferruginous 
: 
j base of lower mandible light-coloured . . 1. fuscatm, p. 216. 
| lower mandible wholly dark 2. fringillaris, p. 216. 

h. Upper surface greyish brown; wing-bands 
greyish buff - 3. arenaceus, p. 217. 
B. 
Under wing-coverts deep ochraceous red: 
J belly deep ochraceous 4. pcecilurus, p. 217. 
[ belly whitish 5. salving p. 218. 
1. Empidochanes fuscatns. 
Muscineta fuscata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 902; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 487. 
Myiobius fuscatus, Bp. Cortsp. i. p. 188. 
Empidochanes fuscatus, Bidgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 461; ScL Ibis, 1887, 


p. 65. 
Similar to E. fringillaris, but lower mandible with, basal half 

light-coloured (Bidgway). 

Hob. South-east Brazil. 

If this species is distinct from E. fringillaris, I am not acquainted 

with it. 

2. Empi&ocnanes fringillaris. 
Empidochanes olivus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 228 (part.) f. 
Empidochanes fringillaris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 116; Scl et Salv. 
Nomenel. p. 51; Bidgio. Ibis, 1886, p. 461; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, 

p. 65. 
Above umber-brown; lores dark; slight superciliary line whitish; 
wings blackish; tips of greater and lesser coverts, forming two 
distinct cross bars, and outer edges of secondaries light ferruginous; 
tail dark ashy brown: beneath pale greyish brown, belly yellowish, 
white; under wing-coverts white; inner margins of wing-feathers 
ochraceous; bill dark born-colour; feet brown: whole length 5*5 
inches, wing 2*6, tail 2-5. Female similar. 
Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Sapitiba, Brazil Natterer). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
bm J ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Naiter&r). Sclater Coll. (Typical specimens 
of E. fringillaris, Pelz.) 

* The following species is unknown to me:—Empidochanes pwcilocercus,
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 181, from the interior of Brazil. 
t In the Oat. Am. Birds specimens of this species and Empidonax bimaculotus 
were united under the title Empidochanes olivus. 

67 . EMPIDOCHANES. 217 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk,
/ . Ad. sk. 
Santa Catarina, Brazil{Rogers). 
Santa Catarina, Brazil(Rogers). 
Brazil. 
S. America, 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Empi&oclianes arenaceus. 

Empidochanes olivus, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 228; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 51. 
Ochthoeca arenacea, Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 20. 
Empidochanes arenaceus, Scl Ibis, 1887, p. 60. 
Empidochanes vireoninus, Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 461. 
Tyrannula trailli, Jard. Ann. N. H. xx. p. 330 (1847) (Tohago). 
Above brown; line in front of the eyes and indistinct suporciliaries 
whitish; wings and tail dark cinereous brown; tips of 
both series of wing-coverts, forming two transverse bands, and 
outer margins of secondaries pale ochraceous: beneath pale ashy 
brown, lighter on the throat; belly pale yellowish white; under 
wing-coverts white; inner margins of wing-feathers pale ochraceous 
; bill dark horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 5*5 inches, 
wing 2-7, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia, Yenezuela, and Amazonia. 

This form differs from the preceding in its much paler colouring 
above, there being much less rufous tint in the brown. There is 
also less of the yellowish tinge on the belly. But the two species 
are undoubtedly very closely allied, and in some cases hardly to bo 
distinguished. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of Ochthceea arenacea.) 
I. 
$ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c. Ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lace). 
e. S ad. sk. S. Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Sclater Coll. 
g-k. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Jardme Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 
4. Empidochanes poecilurus. 
Empidochanes poscihirus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 112; id. Cat A. B 
p.360; Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 116; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 51 \%%d. 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186 (Peru), et 1879, p. 515 (Antioqma) ; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et 1879, p. 235; id. Orn. Per. u. p. 314. 
Above cinereous, wings blackish; tips of both series of wing-
coverts and outer margins of external secondaries more or less 
ochraceous; tail blackish, greater part of the inner webs of all the 
rectrices bright rufous: beneath pale buffy rufous, breast and 
flanks more or less overrun with cinereous, under wmg-coverts and 

218 
TYBAOTID.2B. 

inner margins of wing-feathers pale taffy rufous; bill dark brown; 
feet blackish: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 3, tail 2'6. Female 
similar. 

Hob. Colombia and Peru. 

Peruvian specimens of this species have the under surface rather 
darker and more rufous, and the red colour on the tail more 
extended. 

a. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. Sclater Coll. ^(Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Antioquia, TJ. S. C. (Salmon). Salvrn-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk, Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Empidochanes salvini, sp. nov. 
Empidochanes poeeilurus ?, &almn} Ibis, 1885; p. 298. 

Above dark cinereous ; wings blackish, with slight paler edgings 
to the wing-coverts and external secondaries; tail blackish, with 
inner webs of the lateral rectrices sometimes more or less tinged 
with rufous: beneath pale cinereous, whitish on the throat and 
middle of the belly; crissum and under wing-coverts ochraccous; 
bill blackish; feet dark brown: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 2Sf 
tail 2-6. Female similar. 

Hob. Venezuela and British Guiana. 

An example from Caracas (Levraud) is in the Paris Museum, 

Mr. Salvin has not ventured to separate this form 
from JS. pom


lurus, and I have some hesitation in doing so. One of the specimens 
from Eoraima has the rufous colour well developed on the inner 
webs of the lateral tail-feathers, and unquestionably shows a transition 
towards E. pceciliirus. But I think the Boraima bird may 
fairly be separated by the cinereous colour below and rather darker 
plumage above. 

a, b. $ ad.; c, d. Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. (WHtely). (Types of the species.) 
e,f. $ ad. sk. Boraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

68. MITREPKA3TES. _ 
Type. 
Mitrephorus, Sel. P. Z. & 1859, p. 45 M. phasoeercus. 
Mitrephanes, Ooues, Bull Mitt. Orn. CL viL p. 55 

(1882) 
M. phaeoeerciis. 

Mitr&pJianes is a form near to EmyndoTbax, but with a crested 
head, and the bill narrower and more depressed, and the wings and 
tail proportionately longer. It is mostly restricted to Central 
America from South Mexico to Panama, but one species is said to 
occur in Peru. 

68 . MITKEPHASTES. 
219 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Head slightly crested, not black; outer 
web of outer tail-feather uniform. 
a. Belly dark chestnut-brown like the breast. 1. phmcercus, p. 219. 
b. Belly light ochreous. 
a'. Throat uniform with breast: 
\ larger; greenish above 2. aurantiiventris, p. 219. 
j smaller; not greenish above 3. ochraceiventris, p. 220. 

V. Throat whitish 
4. capitalis, p. 220. 
B. 
Head not crested, black; outer web of outer 
tail-feather white 5. atriceps, p. 220. 
1. Mtrephanes phaeocercus. 
Mitrephorusphseocercus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 44; id. Ibis, 1859, 
p. 442, pL 14. %. 2; id. Cat. A. B. p. 228; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, 
p. 122; iid. Nomencl. p. 51. 
Mitrephanes phasocercus, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. vii p. 55. 
Above dusky olive, front and sides of head rufous; crest darker, 
wings and tail blackish brown, tips of wing-coverts, forming two 
bands, and outer margins of external secondaries ochreous: beneath 
dark chestnut-brown, middle of belly and erissum yellowish; under 
wing-coverts like the breast; upper mandible dark, lower whitish; 
feet horn-colour: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2-6^ tail 2*4. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Southern Mexico and Guatemala. 

a, , K Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 

e. 
Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico (Salle). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
d., Ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Form-). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,/. <$ jr. sk. Ciudad Durango, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et ad. sk. (Ferrer). 

q* Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Edge). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
K S ad. sk. Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fenochio). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
%. S ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.. 

h 
Ad. sk. 

Ooban, Vera Paz (SaMn). Sclater Coll. 

k. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
m. 3 ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h 

Guatemala (SaMn). 
n,o. S ? ad. sk« Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Salvin). 

p. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Mitrephanes aurantiiventris. 
Mitrephorus 
aurantiiventris, Lawrence, Ann. L. K Y. viii. p. 173 
(Costa Rica) $ Bernard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64. 

Above olive-green, head slightly crested, rather darker, and 
rufescent on the lores and cheeks; wings and tail blackish; wing-
coverts tipped, and external secondaries edged with ochreous or 
whitish : beneath chestnut-brown, passing into ochraceous yellow on 

220 
TYEANOTD2E. 

the belly; under wing-coverts like the breast; upper mandible 

dark, lower yellowish; feet dark horn-colour : whole length 4-8 

inches, wing 2'6, tail 2-3. Female similar. 

Hab. Costa Rica and Yeragua. 

This is a closely allied southern representative of M. phceocercus, 

differing in the more greenish back, less rufous head, and yellowish 

belly. 

a. Ad. sk. Tucumqui, Costa Rica (Arce) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, e. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica {Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). 
Sclater Coll. 
e. $ Ad. sk. Barranca; Costa Rica (Oar-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
f. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
g~i Jr. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Ad. sk. Ckitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*&. $ ad. sk. Volcan de Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, m. (S ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. 
c? ad. ; o. Ad. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
3. Mitrephanes ochraceiTentris. 
Mitrephorus ockraceiventris, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 320; Tacz. 
P. Z. & 1874, p. 538; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 315. 
Like M. aurantiiventris, but smaller, not green 
above, and much 

brighter on the under surface. (Gabanis.) 

Hab. Central Peru. 

This species I have not yet met with. 

4. Mitrephanes capitals. 
Myiobius capitalis, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 (Costa Rica); 

Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 114; Franks. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 308; 

8cL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51. 

Mitrephanes capitalis, Ridgw. P. TI. B. N. M. vi. p. 403 (Nicaragua). 

Above olive-green ; head slightly crested, cinereous; lores whitish; 
wings and tail dark ashy, tips of wing-coverts and outer margins of 
external secondaries rufous : beneath, throat whitish, breast dark 
oehraceous brown, belly and under wing-coverts yellow; bill dark 
horn-colour; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-4, 
tail 2-2. 

Hab. Costa Rica. 
A very distinct species, hitherto only known from the typical 
specimen. It may perhaps, as Mr. Ridgway suggests, be best 
placed in this genus, but has shorter wings and a larger beak than 

M. jphcBOcercus. 
a. 
Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
5. Mitrephanes atriceps. 
Empidonax atriceps, Salvin, P Z. S. 1870. p. 198 (Veragua) ; Scl et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 52. 
„ ' 

69. EMPIDOtfAX 
221 

Mitrephanes atriceps, Ridgiu. Pr. U. JS. K M. vi. p. 413: id. Ibis, 

1836, p. 461. 

Above fuscous olive, whole head deep black; ring round the eye 
white; wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts and margins of 
external secondaries slightly edged with whitish; outer web of 
outer tail-feather white : beneath pale cinereous with an ochraceous 
tinge, throat and middle of the belly paler; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of the wing-feathers whitish; upper mandible blackish, 
lower whitish ; feet black: whole length -1 inches, wing 2% tail 2. 
Female similar. 

Hub. Costa Pdca and Yeragua. 
A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its black head and 
the white outer web of the external pair of rectrices. 

a. Ad. &k. Irazu district, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h7 e. Ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqui (Arce). (Types of the species.) 

69. 
EMHDOBTAX. 
Type. 
Enipidonax? Cab. J.f. 0.1855, p. 480 E. pusillus. 
" Tarsus lengthened, considerably longer than the bill, and exceeding 
the middle toe, which is decidedly longer than the hind toe. 
Tail very slightly forked, even or rounded, a little shorter only 
than the wings, which are considerably rounded; the first primary * 
much shorter than the fourth. Head moderately crested. Colour 
olivaceous above, yellowish beneath, throat generally grey." (JV. A. 

B. ii. p. 362.) 
In this and the succeeding genera I have followed the arrangement 
and borrowed the words of the Ornithologists of the United 
States as closely as possible. They have had much better opportunities 
of studying these difficult birds, and I am quite content to 
follow in their wake. 

Mr. Ridgway has been kind enough to examine for me and correct 

the determinations of the whole of my series of the genus Emjoidonacv, 

and I have kept closely to his views *. 

Empidonaa? is most abundant in 2Torth and Central America, but 
also extends through South America to Argentina. 


Key to tlie Species. 

A. 
Width of bill at nostrils decidedly greater 
than half the length of the exposed 
culmen. 
a. Lower surface deep burl 1. fulvifrons, p. 222. 
b. Lower surface whitish or yellowish. 
a\ 
Upper surface umber-brown. 
a", tlanks and crissum buff 2. albigulans, p. 223. 

* See his paper on Empidonotf, Ibis, 1886, p. 461. 
222 
TYKAmXIDM. 

b". Planks and crissum whitish. 
j Larger; browner above 3. bimaeidatus, p. 224. 
(Smaller; more olivaceous above.. 4 oliva, p. 224 

br. Upper surface olive, olive-greenish, or 
greyish. 
c". Lower surface not distinctly yel


lowish. 
a9. First quill shorter than ninth .. 5. griseipectus} p. 225. 
bz. First quill longer than seventh. 

a\ Tail even or slightly rounded j 
size larger. 
a5. Outer web of outer rectrix 
not paler: 
^less olivaceous above, and 
less yellowish beneath 6. pusiUus, p. 225. 

<j more olivaceous above 
| and more yellowish 
{_ beneath 7. trailli, p. 226. 

b5 

. Outer web of outer rectrix 
abruptly pale 8. rzdgwayi, p. 227. 
b\ Tail slightly emarginate $ size 
smaller 9. minimus, p. 227. 
c3. First quill equal to or longer than 
fifth 10. acadicus, p. 228. 

d''. Lower surface distinctly yellowish. 
c4. Under wing-coverts pale buff 11. diffieilis, p. 220. 
d\ Under wing-coverts yellowish 

white. 
e5. Wing-bands not darker than 
lower surface 12. Jkimventris, p. 230. 
d5. Wing-bands darker than 

lower surface. 
ae. Above dull olive ...... 13. bazrdi, p. 230. 
b6. Above bright olive : 

(beneath greenish yel< 
low 14 saMni, p. 231. 
[ beneath bright yellow. 15. Jlawscem, p. 231. 

B. 
Width of bill at nostrils less than half the 
length of the exposed culmen. 
c. Outer web of outer tail-feather not abruptly 
paler 16. kammcmdi, p. 232. 
d. 
Outer web of outer tail-feather abruptly 
paler 17. obseurus, p. 232. 
1. Empidonax Mvifrons. 
Muscicapa Mvifrons, Giraud, B. of Texas, pi. 2. fig. 2. 
Empidonax Mvifrons, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 301; Ridgway, Ibis, 
1886, p. 462; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 344. 
Mitrephorus Mvifrons, Sclater. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45: id. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 442 j id. Cat A. J5. p. 228. 
Empidonax rubicundus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. JSein. ii. p. 70. 
Empidonax Mvifrons rubicundus, Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 463; id. Man. 
N.A.B.^.UB. 

Mitrephorus pallescens, Corns, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1866, p. 6S(Arizona). 
Mitrephanes Mvifrons pallescens, Coues, Keg M A. B. 1884, p. 443. 

69 . EMHDOETAX. 
ffitrenhoms fulvifrons, var. pallescens, Baird, Brew, et Bidgiv. 2V. A. 

B. li. p. 386. 
Empidonax fulvifrons pallescens, Bidgw. P. TJ. S. K M. iii. p. 218. 
Empidonax pygrnseus, Coues, Ibis, 1865, p. 537 (Arizona). 
Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus, Bidgw. Ibis. 1886, p. 403: id. Man. 
N. A. B. p. 345. 
Above dull cinereous brown, with a slight fulvous tinge, rather 
darker on the head; front, lores, and cheeks fulvous; wings blackish, 
tips of both rows of coverts and outer margins of external secondaries 
pale fulvous; tail dark cinereous, outer web of external rectrix 
whitish: beneath deep ochraceous; upper mandible dark, lower 
whitish; feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2. 
Female similar. 

Hah. Mexico and Arizona. 

Mr. Kidgway separates this species into two subspecies—M. fulvifrons 
rubicundus, from Southern Mexico, and M. fulvifrons $yg~ 
mcmis, from North-western Mexico and Arizona, which is said to be 
smaller and paler below; but the differences do not seem to be 
material, and I am not able to realize them in the specimens 
before me. 

a. b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Mexico. A. SallS [C.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Quezaltenango, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
f. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Empidonax albigularis. 
Empidonax albigularis, Scl. et Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 122; iid. P. Z. S. 

1864, p. 360 (Panama); iid. JSfomencl p. 52; 8d. Cat. A. B. p. 229; 

Bidgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 463; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 340. 

Empidonax axillaris, Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 363; Safa. Ibis, 1874, 

p. 309. 
Above umber-brown; wings blackish, tips of both rows of wing-

coverts and outer margins of external secondaries dull brownish 

bufT; tail dark ashy brown : beneath pale smoky buff, breast ashy 

brown, throat white; under wing-coverts ochraceous; upper man


dible dark, lower whitish : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2-3, 

tail 2-2. Female similar. 

Hob. Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama. 

This is a very distinct species, easily recognized by its white 

throat and brown colour above. 

a Ad.sk Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 

b. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salmn\ Sdater Coll. 
c 6 ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvm-Godman Coll 
c. o »u-a* > (Type of the species.) 
d Ad sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7 fS ad. sk. Duenas Guatemala (Fraser). Sc atex Coll. 
g 2 ad sk Panama (McLeannan). Salvm-Godman Coll 
224 TYRAlTCODiE. 

3. Empidonax "bimaculatus. 
Muscipeta bimaculata, cVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 48 (1837); (TOrh 
Voy., Ois. p. 320. 
Empidonax biruaculatus, Scl. Ibis, 1887, p. 65; Scl. et Huds. Ary. 
Orn. i. p. 155. 
Empidochanes fuscatus, Scl. et Salv. Nowencl. p. 51; iid. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 978, et 1872, p. 281 (E. Pern). 
Empidochanes euleri, Cab. J.f. 0. 1808, p. 195 ; JReinh. Fuglef. 
Camp. Bras. p. 142. 
Empidonax brnnneus, Ridgtu. N. A. B. ii. p. 363 (1874) ; id. Ibis, 

1886, pp. 460, 463. 
Empidonax brunnescens, Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 309. 
Empidochanes argentinus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1868, p. 196 (?). 

Above umber-brown, more or less rufescent; lores with a whitish, 
spot; wings blackish, all the coverts broadly tipped with pale rufous 
or ochreous, forming two transverse bars; outer margins of external 
secondaries of the same colour; tail brown, like the back, but not 
rufescent: beneath dirty cinereous white, throat and belly lighter, 
and with a more or less pronounced yellowish tinge; under wingcovcrts 
and inner margins of wing-feathers oehraceous ; upper mandible 
dark brown, lower whitish; feet pale brown: whole length 
5 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*4. 

Hab. South-east Brazil, Bolivia, and north of Argentine Republic. 


The types of E. bnmneus, Bidgway, which have been kindly sent 
to me for examination, belong to the smaller form from the Argentine 
Republic, which Cabanis has called E. argentinus. But I do 
not see much ground for their specific separation. The type of 
d'Orbigny's M. bimaculata agrees with the larger Brazilian form. 

In accordance with Mr. Bidgway's views, I place this species in 
the genus Empidonax; but it is so like Empidochanes fringillaris, 
that I am still not quite convinced that this is its correct position. 
The shorter tarsi and white under mandible of the present bird 
are the chief points which distinguish the two species. 

a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. d ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bio, Brazil (Lund). 
Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk.
g h. Ad. sk.
V. Ad. sk. 
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Rio Grande do Sid, Brazil(Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
j . S ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hatmoell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Empidonax oliva. 
Gobe-mouche olive de Cayenne, Daub. PI Enl. 574. fig. 2. 
Muscicapa oliva, JBodd. Table d. PI Enl. p. 34. 
Muscicapa agilis, Gm. S. JV. i. p. 948. 
Myiobius agilis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188. 


69 . EMPIDONAX. 
225 

Empidoclianes olivus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578 (Lower 

Amazons), et 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela); iid. Nomenel. p. 51. 
Empidonax oliva, Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 05, 
Empidoclianes altirostris, Cab. J.f. 0. 1808, p. 196 (Cartagena)? 

Above brown, with an olivaceous tinge ; a slightly lightor loral 
spot; wings blackish, with the tips of the coverts and outer edges 
of the external secondaries pale rufous or ochracoous; tail ashy-
brown : beneath pale ashy white, lighter ou the throat, and with a 
strong yellowish tinge on the belly; upper mandible dark brown, 
lower whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2-5, 
tail 2-3. 
Hab. Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazonia. 

This is a Northern form of E. bimaculatus, distinguished by its 
slightly smaller size, less rufescent tinge above, and more yellowish 
colour beneath. It is, perhaps, doubtful whether it is really entitled 
to the name oliva (based upon PL Enl. 574. fig. 2), but that name 
has traditionally descended to one of this group of birds, and may 
be assigned with more probability to this species than to any other. 
I do not like to use the name altirostris of Cabanis for it without 
being able to examine the type. 

a. Ad. sk. Guiana. Sclatex Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk.
d. Jr. sk. 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons(Bartlett). 
Trinidad. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ZooL Soc. Coll. 

5. Empidonax griseipectus. 
Empidonax ?, Sol Cat. A. B. p. 229, sp. 1405. 

Empidonax griseipectus, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 236 (Puna Is.); 
Scl. et Salv. Nomenel p. 52; Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 365; id. Ibis, 
1886, p. 464: Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558 (W. Ecuador). 

Eirst quill shorter than the ninth: above deep olive, the hind 
neck more greyish, and top of head dull slaty: wing-bands very 
sharply defined, dull white or very pale olive-greyish, in conspicuous 
contrast with the blackish general colour of the wings; lower parts 
greyish white, shaded with dull greyish across the breast, and tinged 
with pale sulphur-yellow : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*33, tail 
2-3. Female similar, but slightly smaller. 
Hab. Ecuador. 

a,b. d $ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

6. Empidonax pusillus. 
Tyrannula pusilla, Siv. et Rich. Faun. JBor.-Am. ii. p. 144, pi. 46. 
Platyrhynchus pusillus, 8w. Rhil. Mag. 1827, p. 366. 
Empidonax pusillus. Baird, B. N. Am. p. 194; Cab. J. /. 0.1855, 


pf 480 (Cuba); Sclater, Bis, 1859, p. 441; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229; 
Cab. et min.Mus. Hem.ii.p.70; Gundl J.f 0.1861, p.410 (Cuba), 
et 1871, p. 286 (Cuba); Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, p, 4, et 1863, p. 58; 

VOL. XIV. Q 

TYKANNm&l. 

Brown. Ibis, 1868, p. 420 (Vancouver Is.) ; Ridgw. P. TJ. S. N. M. 

i. p. 425 (0. California), et vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua) j id. Ibis, 1886, 
p. 464: id. Man. N. A. B. p. 343; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. iL 
p. 3 ; Marti. J.f 0.1883, p. 267 (Alaska); Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. 
B. N. A. ii. p. 366; Cones, Keij N. A. B. 1884, p. 442. 
Above olive, usually decidedly greyer on head: wing-bands in 

adult varying from dull brownish grey or greyish brown to nearly 

white; in young deep buff or ochraceous; lower parts white, tinged 

posteriorly with sulphur-yellow, and shaded on sides of breast with 

olive-greyish: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2'5. Female 

similar but rather smaller. 

Hob. Western INTorth America (in summer) and south to Mexico. 

a. Ad. sk. Utah, U. S. A. (Ridgw.y). Salvin-Godman CoU. 
I. Ad. sk. Utah, U. S. A. (K W. Nelson). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk Fort Steilacoom, IT. S. A. Sclater Coll. 
(Baird). 
d. Ad. sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. H. K. Coale,Esq.[P.]. 
e. Ad. sk, Brit. Columbia (J. K. Lord). N. A. Bound. Cornm. 
/ . Ad. sk. Brit. Columbia. J. K. Lord [OX 

a. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N. A. Bound. Cornm. 
[p.]. 
h Ad. sk. Fort Simpson, Arct. America. A. Miirray [OX 


i. Ad. sk. Repulse Bay, Arct. Am. Br. J. Rae [C.J. 
7. Empidonax trailli. 
Muscicapa traillii, Aud. Orn. Biogr. i. p. 236; id. B. Am. i. p. 234, 
pi. 65. 
Empidonax traillii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 193; Cab. et Hem. Mm. 
Hem. ii. p. 70; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 229 ; Later. Ann. Lyc. JV. Y. 

viii. pp. 8, 290; et ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica) et p. 201 (Yucatan); 
Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, p. 58; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas) ; 
Frantz. J.f 0.1869, p. 808 (CostaRica); JBrewer, P. U.8. Ni If. 
iljiA',Boucard, P. Z. S. 1888, p.448(Yucatan) ; NelirUng,J.f O. 
1883, p. 92 (Illinois); Coues, Keg N. A. B. 1884, p. 441. 
Empidonax pusillus, var. traillii, Baird, Brew, et Rtdgto. N. A. B* 

ii. p. 369; Ridgw. Ann. Lyc. K T. x. p. 376 (Illinois) ; id. Mis, 
1886, p. 464; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 343; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. 
i. p. 137 (Texas); Nehrling, J.f 0. 1883, p. 92 (Illinois). 
Empidonax traillii, var. pusillus, Henshaw, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. xi. p. 8 
(Utah). 

Similar \o & jmsillns, but more decidedly olivaceous above and 
more distinctly tinged with yellow beneath; the bill shorter and 
broader, and the tarsus shorter. 

Hah. Eastern Forth America (in summer), and south to Panama 
and "Western Ecuador. 

a, b. Ad. sk. N. America. Sir J. Richardson [P.], 
c, d. <$ 2 ad. sk. Pembina, 0. S. A. (Coues). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. Ad. sk Washington, D. 0. (Paine). Salvin-Godman Coll* 
/. Ad. sir. IT. S. A. (Baird). Sclater CoH. 
g. Ad. sk. IT. S. A. (Bell). Sclater Coll. 
69 . EMPIDONAX 
227 
h. 
Ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
chrast). 
i. <$ ad. sk. San Jos6, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
j-L $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Ooll. 
n, o. <$ ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Eraser). Sclater Coll. 
8. Empidonax ridgwayi 
Empidonax ridgwayi, Scl. P. Z, S.1887, p. 50. 
Above dark olive-green, lores and rim round the eye whitish.; 
wings slaty black, tips of both rows of wing-coverts and outer margins 
of external secondaries whitish, slightly tinged with ochraceous; 
tail slaty black; outer web of external rectrix whitish: beneath 
dirty white, clearer in the middle of the throat; lower belly and 
crissum tinged with yellowish; under wing-coverts white; upper 
mandible dark horn-colour, lower whitish; feet black: whole length 
5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*3. 

Hah, Int. of Colombia. 
Like & trailli in colour, but with the outer web of the external 
rectrix white, as in K obscurus. 


a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.) 
9. Empidonax minimus, 
Tyrannula minima, W.M. et 8. F. Baird, Froe. Acad. Philad. i. 
p. 283 (1843); Aud. B. Am. viii. p. 226, pi. 491. 
Empidonax minimus, 
Baird, B. N. Am. p. 195; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1859, p. 384; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 441; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229 ; 8clat. 
et 8alv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); 
ud. Nomenel. p. 52; Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, p. 58; Dresser, Ibis, 
1865, p. 474 (Texas); Baird, Brew, et ttidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 372; 
Lawr. Ami. Lye. N. Y viii. p. 290 (New York); Fidgw. Ann. Lyc. 

N. Y. x. p. 370 (Illinois); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 465 • id. Man. N. A. B. 
p. 343: Brewst. Ann. Lyc. JV. Y xi. p. 143 (West Virginia); 
Brewer, F. U.S. N. M. ii! p. 5 (eggs); Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. I 
p. 137 (Texas); Cones, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 442; Tacz. F. Z. 8. 
1879, p. 235; id. Orn. Per. ii, p. 315 (?) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 448 (Yucatan); Nehrling, J.f. 0.1883, p. 92 (Illinois); Turner, 
P. US. N. M. viii. p. 242 (Labrador). 
Empidonax pectoralis, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. K Y. viii. p. 402 (Panama). 
Empidonax minimus, var. pectoralis, Fidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 364. 
Empidonax gracilis, Fidgw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. iii. p. 23 (1886); id. 
F. US. N. M. viii. p. 571 (Oozumel). 
Hardly distinguishable in colour from E. pusilhs and E. trailli, 
but tail slightly forked, and much smaller in size: whole length 
4-6 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2*1. Female similar. 

Hal. Eastern North America, and southwards in winter to 
Panama and (perhaps) Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. North America. Sir J. Richardson [P.]. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Eort Burlerin. N. A. Bound. Oomm. 
' 
"Q2 

TYRANNTDiE. 

e. tf $ ad. sk. Pembina, U. S. A. (Coues). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a,

/. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N. A. Bound. Comm. 
[P.]. 

i. Ad. sk. Fort Simpson. B. R. Ross [0.]. 
//


j~n. Ad. sk. Illinois, U.S. A. (Code). Sclater Coll. 
o~q. Ad. sk. Michigan. Prof. Steere [P.]. 

r. $ ad. sk. Pennsylvania (Bell). Sclater Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. Washington (Drexler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
u. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 
V. Ad. sk. Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
w. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Devis). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
iT --2!. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a'--i'. Ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan ( Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, 7c'. Ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (GauSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
mer).
/'. 2 ad. sk. Jolbox I , Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m '. ? ad. sk. Belize, Honduras (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ri.. Jr. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Guatemala (Salvin). 
o'. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
, q'. Ad. sk. Ooban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


P': 

r', s'. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
t\ u'. $ J ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v'. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
w'. tf ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Guatemala (Salvin). 
x\ , Ad. sk. Pine Forest, Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll, 


Fuego, Guatemala (Salvin). 
y'<, Ad. sk. Guatemala (SalvinfyGodman). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
%\Ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 

a'1

'. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Codman Coll. 

bn r 

, c". Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

10. Empidonax acadicus. 
Muscicapa acadica, Gm. S. N. i. p. 947; Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 489. 
Muscicapa querula, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 77, pi. 13. fig. 3. 
Empidonax acadicus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 197 ', Cab. et Hein. Mus. 

Hein. ii. p. 70; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 205 (Cuba), et viii. 

p. 290,-Gundl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 328,1802, p. 189, et 1872, p. 427 
(Cuba); Scl Cat. A. B. p. 229 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 475 (Texas); 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Mdyw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois) 
; id. Ibis, 1880, p. 465; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 342; Baird, Brew, 
et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 374; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 
(Texas) ; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 5; Nehrling, J. f. 0. 1883, 
p. 91 (Illinois),-Berl. et Tccz. P.Z. S. 1883,p. 558 (W. Ecuador) : 
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 441. 
Empidonax bairdi, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 327 (Panama). 
Empidonax griseigularis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 471 (Panama) ,* 

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52. 
Empidonax acadicus, var. griseigularis, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. iV. 

A. B. ii. p. 365. 
First quill usually equal to, or longer than, fifth; above uniform 
olive-green or greenish grey; wing-bands buff or buffy whitish; 


69. larpiDOtfAX. 
229 

lo w parts white, more or less tinged with sulphur-vellow posteriorly, 
and (usually very faintly) shaded across the breast with 
olive or greyish: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-3. Female 
similar, but smaller. 

Rah. Eastern Xorth America and South through Mexico and 
Central America to Western Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. North. America. Sir J. Kichardson 
[P.]. 
bf c, $ ad. sk. Illinois, U.S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. New York, U. S. A. (Lawrence). Sclater Coll. 
a^* s^/ 
. Ad. sk. Washington, D.O. (Brexler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*$. Ad. a>k. TJ.%. A. (Baird). Sclater Coll. 
%-L Ad. sk. Ruatan I., Bay of Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 
?». Ad. sk. Costa Biea (Entires). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
«, o. d* ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater CoU. 

e. $Washington, D.O. (Bidgway). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
11. Empidonax difficilis. 
Empidonax dif&eilis, Baird, B. K Am. p. 198; Bel. Cat. A. P. 

p. »m; Miyw. P. U.S. X M. i. p. 425 (C. California), v. p. 531, 
et yL p. 348 (Lower California); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 466j id. Man. 
JV. A. B. p. 340; Brewer, P. US. K M. ii. p. 2; Bean, P. U.S. 
^ X M. v. p. Wl (Alaska). 
Empidonax fiaviventris, var. diflicilis, Baird, Brew, et Ridyw. N. A. B. 

ii. p„ »teO j IhmhaiDf Ann. Lyc. N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah); Coues. Key 
K A. B. 1884, p. 442. 
Under wing-coverts pale buff, deepening into dull ochraceous on 
edge of wing; above dull greyish olive (more brownish in winter), 
the wing-bands dull light huffy greyish (more buffy in winter); 
lower parts dull pale yellowish, inclining to pale sulphur-yellow on 
belly and lower tail-coverts, and shaded with dull greyish brown 
across breast: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2*3. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Western ISorth America and Western Ecuador. 

This seems to be the Western form of E. flaviventris, and to be 

very closely allied to that species. 

a. 
S ad, sk. Oreas Island, N.W. America. Dr. Lyall [0.1 
Saturn Island, N.W. America. Dr. Lyall [C.]. 
e. Ad. sk. 
Vancouver Island. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
Ad. sk. California (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
Kernville, California (Henshaw). R. B. Sharpe [P.]. 
e. <J jr. sk. 
Mamtlan, W. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 

fm Act sk. 

Mazatlan (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. c? ad.; 
k. Ad. sk. 
W. Mexico 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Plains of Colima, 

t. ? ad. sk, 
(Xantus). 

j. <$ ad. sk. 
Presid'O, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad, sk. 
Tree Marias Is., W. Mexico (Forrer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
TYRAOTID^. 

12. Empidonax flaviventris. \ , / 
Tyrannula flaviventris, Baird, Troc. Acad. PTiilad. L p. 283 (1843). 

Empidonax 
flaviventris, Baird, B. N* Am. p. 198; Sclater, P.Z.S. 
1859, p. 366: id. Ibis, 1859, p. 441; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229 ; Sclat. et 
Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama), et 
1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; iid. Nomencl p. 52; Latur. Ann. Lyc. 

N. Y. viii. pp. 8,290, et ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica); Dresser, Ibis, 
1865, p. 475 (Texas) ; Frantz. X f. 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); 
id. Man. N. A. B. p. 341; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 
(Texas); Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 4; Nehrling, J. f. 0.1883, 

p. 91 (Illinois); Turner, P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 242 (Anticosti) ; 
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 442. 
Empidonax liypoxantkus, Baird, MS. 

Under wing-coverts yellowish white or pale sulphur-yellow; 
wing-bands not darker (usually paler) than lower parts : above dull 
olive-green, the wing-bands pale olive-yellowish in adult, bufTy in 
young; lower parts pale dull sulphur-yellow, shaded with olive 
across breast: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-1. Female 
similar. 

Bob. Eastern North America, and south through Mexico and 
Central America to Panama. 

a. Ad. sk. North America. Sir J. Richardson 
[P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. North America. Purchased. 
c}d. Ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Illinois, U. S. A. (Cook). 
Illinois (Coale). 
Nova Scotia. 
Sclater Coll. 
R. JB. Sharpe [P.l. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Pennsylvania {Bell). 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Retalhideu,'Guatemala ($zfom). 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Ohoctum (Salvin). 
Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Duenas (Salvin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Goll. 
o. (S ad. sk.
p. Ad.; q.
$ ad. sk. 
Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. 2 ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk. 
Oalovevora, Veragua (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. c$ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

13. Empidonax ftairdi. 
Empidonax bairdii, Scl P. Z.S. 1858, p. 301; id. Ibis, 1859. p. 442; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 230 ; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, I860, p. 36; iid. Nomencl. 

p. 52; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vil p. 327 (Panama) ; Baird, Brew, 
et Pidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 363; Pidgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 466: id. Man. 
N. A. B. p. 341. 
> >v > 
"Wing-bands darker than lower parts : above dull olive, the wing


69 . EMHDOtfAX. 
bands dull light olive, sometimes inclining to russet; lower parts 
pale olive-yellowish, more decidedly olivaceous on breast; edge of 
wing dull ocbraceous or fulvous: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2*7, 
tail 2*5. 

Hah. Mexico. 

The much duller colour above seems to distinguish this from the 

next two species. 

a. Ad. sk. Cordova (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. . Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Mexico (Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
14. Empidonax salvini. 
Empidonax salving Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, pp. 459, 467; id. Man. N. A. 
B. p. 341. 
Similar to E. haircli, but much more brightly coloured, the upper 

parts olive-green instead of olive-brown, the lower parts brighter 

and clearer yellow, shaded across breast and along sides with olive-

green instead of brownish; wing-bauds light greenish olive instead 

of ochreous brown, and under wing-coverts pale greenish yellow 

(almost sulphur-yellow) instead of deep brownish ochre: whole 

length 5*1 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Hah. Guatemala. 

This form is almost exactly intermediate between E. "bairdi of 
Southern Mexico and E. flavescens of Costa Eica—so much, so, in 
fact, that it is not easy to decide to which of the two it is most 
nearly related. In the colour of the upper parts it is more like the 
latter than the former, and the colour of the wing-bands is almost 
exactly the same. The yellow of the lower parts, however, is not 
quite so deep, the breast is a decidedly more greenish olive, and the 
under wing-coverts much paler yellow. (Biclgway.) 

a. $ ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above S. Sclater Coll. 
Diego (Salvia), 
b. <$ ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego Sclater Coll. 
(Salvin). 
c. S ad.; Calderas (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.' * ' Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 0. Salvin [0.]. 
i Ad sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Constamia). Sclater Coll. 
/ Ad. sk. Honduras. I>. Dyson [C.]. 
15. Empidonax flavescens. 
Empidonax flavescens, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.viji. p. 138, et ix. 
p. 115 (Oosta Rica); Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Hica); 
Salv. R Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua); Scl. et Salv. NotnmcLv.te; 
Boucard. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Eica); Bawd, Brew, et Ridgw. 
N. A. B. ii. p. 363; Bidgw. Bis, 1886, p. 467. 
232 
TYRAJXNTDM. 

Empidonax viridescens, Ridgw. P. U.S. W. M. vi. p. 413 (Gosta 
Rica). 

Above bright greenish olive (varying to tawny olive), the wing-

bands more ochraeeous : lower parts bright sulphur-yellow, faintly 

shaded across breast with tawny olive; edge of wing varying from 

light saffron-yellow to deep ochraeeous buff: whole length 5 inches, 

wing 2*6, tail 2*3. Female similar. 

Hah. Costa Eica and Yeragua. 

A smaller southern form of K salvini, but much darker on the 

breast. 

a. Ad. sk. Gosta Eica (Rogers). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Eica (Rogers). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
e. S S ad. sk. Dota, Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. }. Ad. sk. Gosta Eica. Purchased. 
Southern slope, Volcan de Chi- Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
9, riqui (Arce). 


i. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
J*Ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
16. Empidonax hammondX 
Tyrammla hamrnondii, JDeVeseg, JProe. Acad. PMIad. 1858, p. 117. 
Empidonax hammondii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 190 ; ScL Cat. A. B. 

p. 230 ; Baird, Breio. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 383; Hemkaw7 
Ann. Lyc. N. T. xi. p. 8 (Utah) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. I p. 4211 
(C. California); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 407; id. Man. K A. B. p. 344; 
Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. ] (eggs); Coues, Keg N. A. B. 1884, 
p. 443. 
Above olive, usually more greyish anteriorly, especially on hind 
neck; wing-bands dull light olive-greyish; lower parts varying 
from dull greyish white, faintly tinged posteriorly with sulphur-
yellow, to decided olive-yellowish, the breast always strongly shaded 
with olive or olive-greyish, the throat never distinctly whitish: 
whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*3. 

Hal. Western North America. 

a. Ad. sk. N. America (Kennerly). Sclater Coll. 
17. Empidonax obscums. 
Tyrannula obseura, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, L p. 367. 
Empidonax obscurus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 200; Sclater, P. Z. &. 
1862, p. 19 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 230; ScletSah. Nommcl 

p. 52; Henshaw, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah); Baird, Brew. 
et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 381; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 426 
(California); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 468; id. Man. M. A. B. p. 344: 
Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 1 (eggs); Coues, Keg N. A. B. 
1884, p. 443. 
Empidonax 
Mvipectus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. x. p. 11 (1871) 
(City of Mexico); Sah. Ibis, 1874, p. 310; Ridgw. N. A. B. if. 

p. 364; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 468; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 344. 
70 . LAWK35NCIA. 
233 

Above greyish, more or less suffused with olive; wing-bands and 
external margins of outer secondaries whitish and usually well 
shown ; tail dark grey, with the whole outer web of the external 
rectrix distinctly pale dirty white : beneath pale greyish, darker on 
the breast and more or less suffused with fulvous; upper mandible 
dark, lower light; feet blackish: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*8, 
tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Hah* California, Arizona, and Mexico. 

The more or less clearly defined white outer web of the external 
rectrix serves to identify this rather variable species. The type of 
Mr. Lawrence's F. fidvipectus agrees so nearly with some of my 
Mexican sMns from La Parada, that I do not venture to keep them 
apart. 

a. <? ad. sk. West Humboldt Mts., U. S. A. Sarvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ridgway). 

b. S 
ad. sk. Fort Bridger, Utah, U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Drexler). 
c. Ad. sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. (Mollhauseri). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. San Jose", California (Xantus). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Saticoy, California (J. G. C). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ffff' 
6 2 ad. sk. Ciudad, Durango, Mexico (For- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
re?-), 

h. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
i. <J ad. sk. La Parada, Mexico (Salle). Purchased. 
j. Ad. sk. La Parada (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
kr~m. S ad. sk. La Parada (JBoucard). Sclater Coll. 
n. 
$ ad. j o. Villa de Elta, Mexico (Bou- Sclater Coll. 
Ad. sk. card). 
p. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
q, r. Jr. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. Mexico (?). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
70. LAWRENCIA. Typa 
Lawrencia, Ridgw. Auk, 1886, p. 382 
L. nana. 

" 'Wings very much rounded; the first quill shortest, the second 

not longer than the secondaries; fifth and sixth longest; tarsus 

long; bill small, much depressed, triangular; rictal bristles strong; 

tail nearly as long as the wing, slightly rounded." (Ridgway.) 

This monotype, from S. Domingo, is said by Mr. Ridgway to be 

exceedingly different in structure from Empidonaoo. 

1. Lawrencia nana. 
Empidonax nanus, Lawr. Ibis, 1875, p. 386; Cory, Birds of Haiti and 
8. Domingo, p. 82 (1885). nnn _ 
Lawrencia nana, Ridgzc. Auk, 1886, p. 383; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 461. 
Above olive, browner on remiges and rectrices, greyer on head; 
wing-coverts with two whitish bands; lower parts whitish tinged 
with sulphur-yellow. Length 4*4 inches. (Ridgway.) 

Hob. S. Domingo. 

TTEANNlDiE. 

71. 
CONTOPUS * Type. 
Contopus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1855, p. 479 . 0. virens. 
Syrichta, Bp. Ami. Sc. Nat. s6x. 4, Zool. i. p. 133 
(1854) ^* ardesiacusf. 
Nuttallornis"Ridgw'.Man.NA.'B. p. 337 (1887).... 0. borealis. 

"Tarsus very short, but stout, less than the middle toe and 
scarcely longer than the hinder toe, considerably less than the 
culmen. Bill quite broad at the base, wider than half the culmen. 
Tail moderately forked. "Wings very long and much pointed, 
reaching beyond the middle of the tail; the first primary about 
equal the fourth." (Ridgway, N. A. B. ii. p. 350.) 

Contopus is distributed all over North and South America down 
to the Argentine Bepnblic, but is not found in Chili or Patagonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Larger-sized series; wing 3*5 or more. 
a. Middle line of abdomen white 1. borealis, p. 234. 
b. Middle line of abdomen not white. 
a'. Under surface grey. 
a". Wing longer, more than 3*5. 
a1". Bill longer. 
j Larger ; head lighter 2. pertinax, p. 235. 
) Smaller; head darker 3. lugubris, p. 236. 

b'". Bill shorter 4. brachyrhynchis, p. 236. 
6". Wing shorter, not more than 3*5.. 5. ardesiacus, p. 237. 
b'. Under surface ochraceons 6. ochraceus, p. 237. 

B. Smaller-sized series j wing less than 3*5. 
c. Wing longer,* first primary exceeding 
fifth : 
! breast lighter 7. wens, p. 238, 
) breast darker 8. richardsoni, p. 239. 

d. 
Wing snorter; first primary shorter than 
fifth 9. brachytarms, p. 240. 
1. Contopus borealis. 
Tyrannus borealis, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 141, pi. 35 (1831). 

Muscicapa cooperi, Nutt. Man. i. p. 282 (1832). 

Contopus cooperi, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1855, p. 479, et 1861, p. 248 j 

Cab. et Rein. Mas. Rein, ii. p. 72. 

Muscicapa inornata, Nutt. MS. [cf. Man. i. p. 282). 

Contopus borealis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 188; Sal Cat. A. B. p. 230; 

Later. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 290, ix. p. 115; Ridgw. Ann. L. N. Y. 

x. p. 376 (Illinois) j Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas); Frantz. 
J.f. 0.1869, p. 308 (Costa Bica); Sato. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Ve* 
Species not yet known to me are:— 
(1) 
Contopus plebeius, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71; id. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 248; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 319 (Peru). 
(2) Contopus pileatus, Bidgw. P. U.S. 3ST. M. viii. p. 21 (loc. ign.). 
(3) Contopus depressirostns, Bidgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 403 (Nicaragua), 
t Cf. Gray, Hand-1. i. p. 362. * ; 
71 . COKTOPTJS. 
235 
ragua); Scl. et Sah. Nomenclp.52; Baird, Brew,et Bidgw. N.A.B. 

ii. p, 353; Merrill, P. U.S. fo M. i. p. 137 (Texan);' Bidqio. P. 
U.S. N. M. i. p.424; Sah. et Godm.lbis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta. Marta); 
Nehrlmg, J.f. 0. 1883, p. 90 (Illinois); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22 
(N.B. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 316; Bidgio. Man. N. A. B. p. 337 ; 
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 438. 
Contopus niesoleucus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43: id. Ibis. 1859, 

p. 440; Scl. et Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 122. 
Above ashy black, head darker; wings and tail blackish, with 
slight whitish edgings to the outer secondaries: beneath dark ashy, 
throat, middle of breast, and belly creamy white : a large fluffy 
pa,tch of white feathers on each side of the rump beneath the wings ; 
under wing-coverts cinereous; bill horn-colour, at the base beneath 
white; feet black: whole length 7*3 inches, wing 4*3, tail 3. 
Female similar. 

Ea6. Forth America (in summer), and southwards throughout 
Mexico and Central America to Colombia. 

This is a very distinct species. The highly developed white tufts 
on the flanks and white mesial line beneath render it easily recognizable. 


a. Ad. sk. Vancouver I. J. K. Lord [C.]. 
b, c. Ad. sk. West side of Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord [C.]. 
d. 
Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel, N. A. N. A. Bound. Coram. 
[pa 
e. 
r? ad.sk. Lake of the Woods. N. A. Bound. Coram. 
[P.]. 
f. S ad. sk. Broken-head River. N. A. Bound. Comm. 
[P.l 
g. Ad. sk. Canada (Bush). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. 
Ad. sk. California. ' Lord Walsingham 
[P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. San Francisco. Sclater Coll. 
j. J ad. sk. Fort Stockton, Texas (Dufry). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 
L Ad. sk. South Mexico (SalU). Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin).t Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p, a. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica {Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. 9 ad. sk. Calohre, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s 2 ad. sk. Minca, U. S. 0. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
u. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Contopus pertinax. 
Oontopus pertinax, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 72 ; Scl. Cat 
A B. p. 231; Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. p. 52; Baird, Breio. et 
Bidgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 356; Coues, Keg N. A. B. p. 438; Xtdgw. 
Man. N. A. B. p. 337. nM ^ _, OKA ,, 

Contopus borealis; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 301, et 1859, p. 44; 
id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440; Scl et Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 122. 

Above cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tint, 
wings and tail 

236 
TTBANNIDJ3. 

darker: beneath, paler, with a strong ochraceous tinge on the 
abdomen, crissum, and under wing-coverts; flanks with a concealed 
white patch.; upper mandible brown, lower yellowish • feet black: 
whole length 7 inches, wing 4-4, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hab. Mexico, Arizona, and Guatemala. 
The nearly uniform colour and ochraceous tinge of the abdomen 
distinguish this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
M. SaJIS [0.]. 
b. Ad. sk. North Mexico (Ward). Sclater Coll. 
0. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Plains of Coliina, W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Xantus). 
e. Ad. sk. Mexico. # A. Sails [0.]. 
/. 
<$ jr.; g. Ciudad, Durango, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. (Forrer). 

h. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Hoge). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
Ad. sk. Volcan deAgna, Guatemala (/SW- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vin). 
h. 
2 ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 
1, m. Ad. sk. Volcan de Faego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin), 

n. 
Ad. sk, Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Sclater Coll. 
(Salvin). 
o. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
Sclater Coll. 
3. Contopus lugubris. 
Contopus lugubris, Lawr. Ann. L. JSf. Y. viii. p. 134, ix. p. 115 
(Costa Rica): Fronts*. J.f.O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica): Salvin, 
Ibis, 1874, p. 310. J * 

Contopus pertmax, var. lugubris, JRidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 351. 

Similar to 0. jaertinacc, but smaller in size and darker in colour; 
wing 3*8 inches. 
Hab. Costa Rica and Veragua. 

a. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Contopus brachyrhynchus. 
Contopus brachyrhynchus, Cab. J. f. 0.1883, p. 214; Sel, et Buds. 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 155. 

Above cinereous, lores whitish; wings and tail blackish, with 
slight whitish edgings to the wing-coverts and outer secondaries : 
beneath paler, whitish in the middle of the belly; flanks with a 
concealed white patch; bill above brown, beneath pale; feet black: 
whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-2. 

Hab. Prov. Tucuman, Argentine Republic. 
Nearest to G. jpertinacc, but pure cinereous above, and without the 
ochraceous tinge below. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Tucuman (Schuk). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
71 . coNTOPirs. 
237 

5. Contoptis ardesiacus. 
Tvrannula ardosiaca. Lafr R 7 IRAA ^ on m 
Savons* ardosiaca, hcl. P.X/i^iS ^°^ 
vTu SS CZV£ °-M5' * 479 5 
** * *• & 1869, 

5.riT2^fiaaCn8' *'MUS min^fl}

°aK *-S* Cat. 

Above dark cinereous, crown rather blacker; wings and tail 

smoky black: beneath smalar but rather paler, especially on the 

middle of the belly; under wing-coverts cinereous; bill brown 

beneath paler; feet blackish: whole length 6-5 inches wing 3 8' 

tail a*2. rtmnlt similar. 

Hab. Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Pern, and Bolivia 

Tins is not quite a typical Contopus, the wings 'being rather 

shorter than in the other species. 

ad* Eoraima

""'Ik ^ 5> B ^ ^ 
Salvin-Godman CoU. 

e. <* ad. *k. Twek-quej mt, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman CoU. 
lint. Griuana ( WMtehj). 
<l 9 ad. sL Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e Aci *k. Bogota. Sclater ColL 

/ . Ad. fek. Medelhn, Antioquia, IT. S. C. Sclater CoU. 
ar. cf ad. sk. Panta Elena, IT. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman ColL 

h. d »d. tk. Pailatanga, Ecuador (From). 
Sclater CoU. 
t. Ad. fck. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
;. Ad. Pk iSinabaniba, C. Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
f $f ! ;^ * Tambillo, Peru (J5&fe> Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/,OT. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, EoHvia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 

6. Contopus ochracetis. 
Contopus ocbraceugj Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 18697 p. 419 (Costa Eica); 
itd. Nmwncl p. 52; Salv. Ibis, 1870. p. 115, et 1874, p. 313: 
liidffwmj, IMs71883, p. 401. 

Above brownish olive, darker on the head; wings and tail ashy 

Hack:, the wing-coverts and secondaries edged externally with 

ochraceons: beneath deep oehraeeous, paler on the throat and more 

yellowish on the belly; bill above blackish, 
beneath yellowish: 

whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*9. 

Hob. Costa Eica. 

The ochraceons colour below at once distinguishes this species. 

a. 
Ad. $k* Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
238 
TYRAmnnM. 

7. Contopus virens. 
Muscicapa virens, Linn. 8. N, i. p. 327. 
Muscicapa querula, Vieill. Ois. Am.^ Sept. i. p. 68, pi. 39. 
Muscicapa rapax, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 81, pi. 13. £ 5. 
Myiarclius virens, Sclater, P. Z. S.1855, p. 150. 
Contopus virens, JBaird, B. JV. Am. p. 190; Gundl Journ. f. Orn. 


1855, p. 479, 1861, pp. 328, 416, et 187% p. 424 (Cuba); Cab. 
et Hem. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 71; Sclater, P. Z. S.1859, p. 43 ; id. Cat. 

A. B\ p. 231; Cab. J. f. 0.1861, p. 248 (Costa Rica); 8cl et Salv. 
Ibis, 1859, pp. 122, 441; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, etp. 360 (Panama), et 
1870, p, 837 (Honduras) ; iid. Mmenel. p. 52; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 
p. 474 (Texas) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 290, ix. p. 115 (Costa 
Rica); Pidgw. Ann. L. JSr. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois) ; Frantz. J.f.O. 
1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Merrill, P. U. 8. N. M. i. p. 137 (Texas) ; 
Boucard, P. Z. S.1878, p. 64 ("Costa Rica); 8ah\ et God?n. Ibis, 
1880, p. 125 (Santa Marta)$ Nehrling, J. f. 0.1883, p 90 (Illinois); 
Baird, Brew, et Pidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 357; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 22; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 318; Corns, Key K A. B. 1884, p. 439; 
Pidgw. Man. K A. B. p. 338. 
Tyrannula bogotensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 190. 
Contopus bogotensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 459; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 231; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (W. Indies). _ 
Contopus 
albicollis, Lawr. Ann. N. Y. Ac. 8c. iii. p. 156; Pidgw. 
Man. N. A. B. p. 338 (Yucatan) ? 

Above olive-plumbeous, crown rather darker; wings and tail 
blackish, wing-coverts and outer secondaries with more or less of 
whitish edgings: beneath dirty white, breast and flanks more or 
less tinged with cinereous; belly more or less faintly tinged with 
yellowish; bill above dark, beneath yellowish white ; feet blackish; 
first primary longer than the fifth: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4, 
tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hob. Eastern North America, and south through Mexico and 
Central America to Colombia and Ecuador. 

I am a little doubtful about Contopus albicollis of Yucatan, of 
which Mr. Lawrence has kindly lent me the type. But on the 
whole I am inclined to regard it as a pale-coloured example of the 
present species. Some of the specimens from Ruatan come very 
near it. 

a-g. Ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll. 
h, i. o* ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. H. K. Coale, Esq. 
[R]. 
/, h. Ad. sk. Michigan. Prof. Steere [O.l 


I. Ad. sk. Indiana, U. S. A. (Sclater). Sclater Coll. 
. m. Ad. sk. Niagara Palls, U. S. A. J. Gould [0.1 
n. Ad. sk. Portsmouth, N.H., U. S. A.(Coues). Sclater Ooll. 
o. 
$ ad. sk. Washington, D.C., U. S. A. (Mc- Sclater Ooll. 
Guire). 
p. 
Ad. sk. Washington, D.C., U. S. A. (Drex- Sclater Ooll. 
ler). 
q. S ad. sk. * College Woods, Distr. of Colombia, SaMn-Gotman Coll. 
U.S.A. (Coues). 
71. CONTOPITS. 230 
r. Ad. sk. Cuba. 
Sclater Coll. 

s. S ad. sk. Mexico (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
t, w. Ad. sk. Cozumel I , Yucatan (Gaunter). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v-c'. Ad. sk. Euatan L, Bay of Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer).

d'. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 

Sclater Coll. 

e'. Ad. sk. Calovevora^Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/,/ . Ad.sk. Southern slope of the Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ckirigui (Arce), 

Bugaba, CMrigui (Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i"'-^'. <J ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I'. Ad. Pk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m'. $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. 0. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


«'. Ad. sk. 

Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o1. Ad. sk. 

Bogota. Sclater Ooll. 

pr. S ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

?'. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 

L. Fraser [C.]. 
r', $'. Jr. sk. Puna I., Gulf of Guayaquil (Buckr Salvin-Godman Coll. 

t', u'. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

8. Contopus ricliardsoni. 
Tyrannula ricliardsoni, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 146, pi. 46. 
Contopus richardsonii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 189; Scl. Cat. A. B. 

p. 231; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1864, p. 360 (Panama), et 1879, p. 615 
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 52 j Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas); 
Laior. Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. p. 115 (Costa Eica) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 
1809, p. 308 (Costa Eica) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870. p. 199 (Veragua); 
Merrill, P. US. K M. i. p. 137 (Texas); Bidgw. P. US. N. M. i. 
p. 425; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558,1884, p. 297, et 1885, 
p. 92 (Ecuador) j Bidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 338. 
Contopus sordidulus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43 ; id. Ibis, 1859, 
p. 441; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122. 
Contopus virens, var. ricliardsoni, Baird, Brew, et Bidgw. N. A. B. 
ii. p. 360; Coues, Key JV. A. B. 1884, p. 440. 
Similar to 0. virens, but darker above and beneath; tbe breast 
more covered with cinereous, and the belly without any olivaceous 
tinge. 

Hab. Western North America, and south through Western 
Mexico and Central America to Ecuador and perhaps Bolivia. 
It is in many cases very difficult to decide whether southern 
specimens should be referred to this form or to the Eastern 

O. virens* 
a-d. Ad. sk. West side of Eocky Mountains. J.K.Lord[C.]. 

e. Ad. sk. California (Gruber). Sclater Coll. 
f. 9 ad. sk. Upper Missouri and Yellowstone, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
IT. S.A. (Warren). 
g* $ ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). 

h. Ad. sk. Mexico (SattS). 
Sclater Coll. 
j, k. Ad. sk. Cobam Vera Paz (Salvin). 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 

Sclater Coll. 

240 
TYRAirariDiE. 

m, n. Ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.. 
p. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 
0. Salvin [0.]. 
q. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
Sclater Coll. 
r. 2 ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. $ ad. sk. DueKas, Guatemala. 0. Salvin [P.]. 
t-v, Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Kica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
to. Ad. sk. San Jos<3, Costa Rica (F?*antzius). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
x. 
Jr. sk. West coast of America. Capt. Kellett and 
Lt. Wood [P.l 
y. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
z. 5 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
a\ 2 a&- sk- Zaniora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
b'. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c\ Ad. sk. Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. Contopus brachytarsiLS. 
Empidonax brachytarsus, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 441 (Mexico); Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 327(Panama). 
Contopus brachytarsus, Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 354; id. P. Z. S. 1870, 

p. 199 (Veragua); Scl. Cat A. B. p. 231; Scl et Salv. RZ.S. 
1864, p. 860 (Panama), 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868, 
pp. 168, 628 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela); Laiur. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 89 (Costa Rica); White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 608 (Arg. Rep.) ; Bidgw. P. U.S. K M. vii. p. 173 (Trinidad); 
id. Man. N. A. B. p. 339; Scl. et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 156. 
Empidonax andinus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1879, p. 235 
(Peru). 
Contopus punensis, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 237 (Puna Is.); 
Taez. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 474, et 1880, p. 203 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. 

p. 319; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, et 1885, p. 122 (W. 
Ecuador). 
Contopus schottii, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix.' p. 202; Bidgw. 

P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 571 (Yucatan). 
Above dark plumbeous olive; crown darker, blackish; wings and 
tail blackish, the wing-coverte and outer secondaries more or less 
edged with whitish: beneath dirty white, clearer on the throat and 
middle of the belly, which latter has sometimes an olivaceous tinge; 
bill above blackish, beneath yellowish white; feet blackish; first 
primary shorter than the fifth: whole length 5*3 inches, wing 2*9, 
tail 2-6. Female similar. 

Hal. Mexico and Central America, southwards to Peru and 
Amazonia. 

It is possible that I may have united more than one species 
under the present name, which was originally based "upon Mexican 
specimens, but the bird has been subsequently traced down the 
American continent to Peru and Lower Amazonia. In some cases it 
is difficult to discriminate between this species and dwarfed or 
immature examples of 0. virens; but I think that Mr. Ridgway's 
character of the first primary being shorter than the fifth in (7. brachytarsus 
generally holds good. 

72 . BLA.CICTJS. 
24 1 
a. Ad. sk. St. Comapam, Mexico (MM). Sclater Coll 
b. $ ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico (SallS). Sclater Coll. 
A _ _ __ ,^, (Typos of thoHpociofl.) 
c. Ad. sk. Yucatan (Gawner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d-4. Ad. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, k. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz {Sahm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Cajabon, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. ;jp. $ Betalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
q. Ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala {Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. $ ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. d 
ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u. <$ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Panama {Hughes). Sclater Ooll. 
w. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
x. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. $ 
ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
z. $ ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering), Sclater Coll. 
a\ Ad. sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
V. Ad. sk. I. of Mexiana, R. Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(Wallace). 
c\ Ad. sk. Cliota, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 
d'. Ad. sk. Brazil (?). J. Gould, Esq.. 


72. BLACICUS* m 
Type. 
Blacicus, Cab. J.f. 0.1855, p. 480 B. caribsous. 
Blacieus comes very near the smaller forms of Qontopus, but the 

bill is larger and longer, and the wings are not so long. It is 
strictly an Antillean type. 

Key to the /Species. 

A. Bill shorter, broader: under surface not yellow. 
a. Belly tinged with yellowish 1. bahamensis, p. 242. 
b. Belly tinged with ochraceous. 
a\ 
Crown nearly uniform with back: 
( back olivaceous 2. caribous, p. 242. 
J back grey 3. hi&pmioknsis, p. 242. 
( back brownish » 4. pallidus, p. 243. 

V. 
Crown distinct from back: 
j crown olive-brown 5. blancoi, p. 243. 
I crown deep brown 6. brunneiccqrittus^. 243. 
c. Belly deep rufous 
7. latirostris, p. 244. 
B. Bill longer, narrower j belly sulphur-yellow 8. barbirostris, p. 244. 
* Refer also to Bl. mariwicends, Cory, Auk, 1887, p. 96, from Martinique, 
allied to JB. bmimeicapUlMs. 
VOL. XCV. 
B 

242 TYEANNID-ffi. 

1. Blacicus bahamensis. 
Empidonax bahamensis, Bryant, Proe. Boston Soe. JS\ H. vii. p. 109 
Contopus caribeeus, var. bahaniensis, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. 

p. ii. p. 352. 
Contopus bahamensis, Cory, Birds of Bahamas, p. 101; Ridgw. Man. 

N. A. B. p. 339. 
Above mouse-brown; cap rather darker; wings and tail blackish, 
wing-coverts and external secondaries slightly edged with whitish: 
beneath dirty greyish white, slightly tinged with, yellowish on the 
breast and belly; under wing-coverts pale ochraeeous; upper mandible 
dark, lower paler; feet black: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 
2*9, tail 2-6. Female similar, but rather smaller. 

Hob. Bahama Islands. 

In this species, which seems to me to belong strictly to Blacicus, 
there is no tinge of ochraeeous colour below, except on the under 
wing-coverts. 

a,b. <$ J ad. sk. Nassau, Bahamas (Cory). Sclater Coll. 

2. Blacicus caribseus. 
Muscipeta caribsea, d'Orb. in La Sagra's Cuba, Aves, p. 77 (1839); 

Lembeye, Av. de Cuba, p. 129. 

Muscicapa caribsaa, Gundl Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 816. 

Blacicus caribous, Cab, J.f. 0. 1855, p. 480 (Cuba); Gundl. J.f.O. 

1861, p. 328, et 1872, p. 426. 
Contopus caribseus, Baird, Breiv. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 3*51; 
Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 339. 

Above dark grey, with a slight olivaceous tinge on the back; 

wings and tail blackish, with slight lighter edgings to the wing-

coverts and external secondaries: beneath light greyish, with a strong 

ochraeeous tinge, except on the throat; under wing-coverts pale 

ochraeeous; upper mandible dark, lower light, except at the tip; 

feet blackish: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*7. 

Hab. Cuba. 

a. J ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba (Gaunter). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, d. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman ColL 
e. Ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Kemedios, Cuba (Bishop). Smiths. Inst. 
g Ad. sk. Guayaquil (??). Zool. Soc. ColL 
3. Blacicus hispaniolensis. 
Tyrannula carribasa, var. hispaniolensis, Bryant. Proe. Bost. Soc. 
N. m xi. p. 91 (1866). 
Contopus frazari, Cory, Bull. Mitt. Orn. CI. viii. p, 94 (1883). 
Sayornis dominicensis, Cory, Bull Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 95 (1883). 
Contopus hispaniolensis, Cory, B. Haiti and San Domingo, p. 81. 
Contopus caribseus, var. hispaniolensis, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A, B* 
ii. p. 351. 
72. BLACICUS. 
243 

Similar to B. caribceus, but without the olivaceous tinge above, 
and not so oehraceous below. 
Hob. St. Domingo. 

a. 
5 ad. sk. Samana, San Domingo, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{McGregor). 
b. <$ ad. sk. La Vega, San Domingo, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Cory). 
4. Bladcus pallidus. 
Myiobius pallidus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 166. 
Blacicus pallidus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 77; Albrecht J. f. 0. 
1862, p. 199. F ' J 
Contopus pallidus, J$cl Cat A. B. p. 231; Scl. et Salv. N'omencl. 

p. 52. 
Contopus caribous, var. pallidus, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. K A. B. 
ii. p. 351. 
Bhynchocyclus cerviniventris, Salvad. Att. Sc. It. vii. p. 153; cf. 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. JS. 1868, p. 175. 
Above brownish, olive; wings and tail dark cinereous, slight 
edgings to wing-coverts and outer secondaries oehraceous: beneath 
dingy oehraceous grey, lighter on the throat; under wing-coverts 
oehraceous; bill above dark, below whitish; feet dark brown: 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hob. Jamaica. 

a. Ad. sk. Jamaica. 
Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica {Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
d. $ ad. • e. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
/ . (51 ad. sk. Near Spanish Town, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(March). 

g. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). P.L.Sclater, Esq. [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Jardine Coll. 
J. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Jamaica. 
Sclater Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Jamaica. 
Purchased. 
5. Blacicus blancoi. 
Blacicus blancoi, 
Gundl. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 311, et 1878, p. 171; id. 
An. Soc. Esp. JEE. K vii. p. 195; Cab. J.f 0.1875, p. 224. 

Like B. pallidus, but larger and darker above. (Cab.) 
Hab. Porto Eico. 


6. Blacicus bruiineicapillus. 
Blacicus brunneicapillus, Lawr. Ann. N. T. Ac. Sci. I p. 161;id. 
RUS KM. i. p. 69 (Dominica), et viii. p. 622 (Guadeloupe). 

Above clear olive-brown; crown much darker brown; wings and 
E 2 

TYKAKKID2E. 

tail brownish, black, outer secondaries edged with, very pale fulvous ; 
throat grey, tinged with, fulvous on the lower part; abdomen and 
undor wing-covcrts reddish ochreous: whole length 5-7 inches, 
wing 2*7, tail 2'5. (Lawrence.) 

Hah. Dominica and Guadaloupe. 

a. Jr. sk. Dominica (Angus). Sclater Coll. 
7. Blacicus latirostris. 
Myiobius latirostris, Verr. N. Arch. d. Mus. ii. Bull p. 22, t. 3. fig. 2 
'(1866); Scl P. Z. S. 1871, p. 271 (S. Lucia); Semper, P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 650. 

Contopus latirostris, Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 52; Cory, Ibis, 1886, 

p. 475 (St. Lucia). 
Above dark olive-green; rump slightly ochraceous; wings and 
tail dark brown, outer secondaries slightly edged with greyish 
fulvous: beneath uniform dark ochraceous red; upper mandible 
dark, lower pale yellowish; feet dark brown : whole length 5*2 
inches, wing 2'6, tail 2-5. Female similar. 

Hah. St. Lucia. 
The deep rufous under-surface renders this species easily recognizable. 
The tail is slightly rounded. 

a, b. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll 

c. Ad. sk.' St. Lucia, W. I. (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Blacicus barbirostris. 
Tyraunula barbirostris, Sw. Phil Mag. 1827, i. p. 367. 
Blacicus barbirostris, Scl P. Z. S. 1871, p. 85: Sol et Salv. Nomencl 


p. 53. 
Myiobius tristis, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 167. 
Blacicus tristis, Cab. Journ. /. Orn. 1855, p. 480; Scl Cat. A. B. 
p. 234. 
Myiarchus tristis, 
Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1872, p. 80: Baird, Brew. 
et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 332. 

Above sooty brown; crown and nape blackish; wings and tail 
blackish, with slight lighter edgings to the wing-coverts and outer 
secondaries: beneath pale sulphur-yellow, throat light grey; under 
wing-coverts like the belly; inner margins of wing-feathers pale 
fulvous; bill dark brown; feet blackish : whole length 5*8 inches, 
wing 2-8, tail 2*8. Female similar. 

Hob. Jamaica. 

This species is intermediate between Blacicus and Myiarchus, 

agreeing best in the structure of its bill with the former, and in the 

style of its plumage with the latter form. 

• Myiarclms jolatyrftyncTius, Bidgw., Pr. U.S. BT. M. viii. p. 570, 
from Cozumel, described from spirit-specimens, is stated to be closely 
related to this species. 
73. MYIOCHANES, 245 
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Jamaica (Osburn). 
Jamaica. 
Sclaior Coll. 
Sclater Coll, 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
I (S ad. sk. 
Jamaica (Gosse). 
Jamaica. 
Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). 
Moneague, Jamaica {Bryant). 
Moneague, Jamaica (0. 8alvin). 
Jamaica (Newton). 
Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
P. H, Qoam [p. |. 
Salvm-Guclman Coll. 
Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
Salvin-GodmaifColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
j . Ad. sk.
k,l. Ad.sk. 
Jamaica. 
Jamaica (Chitty). 
P.L.Sclatei\Esq.[P. 1. 
Jardine Coll. 
73. MYIOCHANES*. 
Typu. 

Myiochanes, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71 (1859). M. cinoreus. 

This diminutive form comes also very near to the smaller species of 
Contopus, particularly C. hracliy tarsus. But the bill is smaller and 
the wings are not quite so long. 

Myiochanes is found in Brazil and Ecuador. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Larger: cinereous 1. cinereus, p» 245. 
B. Smaller: blackish 2. nigrescem} p, 246. 
1. Myiochanes cinereus. 
Platyrhynchus cinereus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 11, pi. 13. f. 2. 
Myiaxchus cinereus, Cab. Wieqm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 248; Bunn, Syst. 

Ueb. ii. p. 473. 
Tyrannula cinerea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 190. 
Contopus cinereus, Cab. Joum.f. Orn. i. 1855, p.479. 
Myiochanes cinereus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Mem. ii. p. 71; ScL Cat. 

A. B. p. 232 ; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 116; 8cl et 8alv. Nbmenel 
p. 52; JReinh. Fugelf. Camp. Bras. p. 141; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 
p. 343. 
Tyrannula curtipes, 8w. Orn. Dr. pi. 54. 
Above sooty cinereous, head blacker : wings and tail sooty brown: 
beneath dirty cinereous ; bill dark brown above, pale below ; feet 
blackish: whole length 5-0 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-5. Female 
similar. 
Hob. S.E. Brazil. 
a & ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 

b. | ad. sk. Bio, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Co L 
c Ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). plater Coll. 
d ? ad sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
* The following seems to be allied to Myiochanes, but is unknown to me:— 
PLANCIIESIA EULIGINOSA. 

G-obe-inouche brun de Cayenne, Daub. 1H. Enl. 574.fig. 1. 
Muscicapa fusca, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 34 (1783). 
Muscicapa fuliginosa, Gm. 8. JSf. i. p. 932. 
Planchesia Miginosa, Bp. Cat. Ois. Cayenne, p. 12 ; Sclater, P% Z. #,1859, 


p. 43. 
TrKANNID^. 

2. Myiochanes nigrescens. 
Myiochanes nigrescens, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 157 (Ecuador). 
Myiochanes cineraceus, Tacz. P. Z. S.1874, p. 539 ? 

Above sooty blackish., crown, wings, and tail rather darker: 
beneath slightly paler, rather more cineraceous; upper mandible 
dark brown, lower paler; feet blackish: whole length 44 inches, 
wing 2-7, tail 2-3. 

Bab. Ecuador. 
Quite distinct from IT. cineraceus, from its uniform blackish colour 
and smaller size. 

a. $ ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckletf). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
74. MYIAKCHUS* Tjp e 
Myiarchus, Cab. in TscJi. F. R,Aves, p. 152 (1845).. M. ferox. 

" Despotina, Kaup, 1851," Gray, JHand-l i. p. 363 .. M. ferox. 

Myionax, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Bein. ii. p. 73 (1859). . M. crinitus. 

Onychopterus, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. Ixv. (1850) M. tuberculifer. 

Kaupornis, Bp. Ann. 8c. Nat. s6r. iv. Zool i. p. 133 

(1854) M. stolidusf. 

" Tarsus equal to or not longer than the middle toe, which is 
decidedly longer than the hinder one. Bill wider at the base than 
half the culmen. Tail broad, long, even or slightly rounded, about 
equal to the wings, which scarcely reach the middle of the tail; the 
first primary shorter than the sixth."—IT. A. 33. ii. p. 329. 

Myiarchus is distributed all over Korth and South America and 
the Antilles, and extends to the Gfalapagos. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Olive and grey: belly sidphur-yellow. 
a. Larger-sized species: group of M. erinitm. 
a'. With rufous margins to the tail-feathers. 
au. Under wing-coverts pale yellow. 
a'". Throat deep ashy: belly sulphur-
yellow 1. erinitm, p. 247. 
b"'. Throat pale ashy: belly light sulphur-
yellow. 


«4. Tip of inner web of outer rectrix 
blackish 2. emerascens, p. 248. 
b*. Tip of inner web of outer rectrix 
rufous. 
a5. Inner web of outer rectrix 
wholly rufous 3. nuttingi, p. 250. 

* Refer also to— 
(1) Mrselateri, Lawr. JPr. U.S. N. M. i. p. 357 (Martinique). 
(2)/M. hrachyurus, Bidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 334 (Nicaragua), 
f Cf\ Gray, Hand-1. i. p. 358 


7-1. MYIAECHUS.

 247 

¥. Inner web of outer reetrix partly 
"blackish : 


J mi^Q1"

 larger 4. mencams, p. 250. 
I rather smaller 5. tyrannulm. p. 251. 
b". Under wing-coverts rufous 6. <rffe, p. 252. 
5'. Without rufous margins to the tail-
feathers. 
c". Tail uniform. 
G'". Cap brownish. 

cK Back darker: 
\ bill longer 7. jfero^ p. 253. 
) bill shorter 8. cephahtes, p. 254. 

# . Backlighter 9. peMm, p. 255. 
d"'. Cap black 10. phceonotus, p. 255. 
e'". Capdark greyish 11. p7iceocephahs^.%r). 

d". Tail with brown-white end-spots .. 12. apicalis, p, 256. 

b. Smaller-sized species (group of M. lawrenoii). 
c'. Breast not flammulated. 
e". Rectrices blackish, sometimes with 
slight rufous margins. 
/'". Beatrices with narrow rufous 
margins: 
\ cap brownish 13. lawrencii, p. 256.J 
(cap black 14. nigricapilfas, p. 257. 

(f . Rectrices without rufous margins. 
e4. Cap black; back olive: 
J smaller 15. nigriceps, p. 258. 
[ larger 16. atriceps, p. 259. 

fl. Cap blackishj back greyish brown 17, tricolor, p. 259. 
/". Lateral rectrices on inner webs more 
or less rufous. 
h'". Larger : bill longer. 
gl. Lat. rectr. on inner webs rufous 
throughout. 
c\ Abdomen pale sulphur-yellow. 
ab. Abdomen brighter; prima


ries edged with ferruginous: 
J back lighter; bill broader . 18. yucatanemis,-$.%60. 
I back darker; bill narrower 19. dominicensis, p. 260. 

bQ. Abdomen paler; primaries 
edged with rufous ,.. 20. stolidus, p. S60. 
d5 

. Abdomen white, washed with 
yellowish 21. sagrm, p. 261. 
hK Lat. rectr. only rufous at ends.. 22. antillarwn, p. 262. 
i'". Smaller: bill shorter 28. ?mgnirostris,-$. 262. 
df. Breast flammulated 24.flammulaius, p. 263. 

B. Above grey: beneath rufous 25. semmfm, p. 263. 
1. Myiarchus crimtus. 
Muscicapa crinita, Linn. S. N. i. p. 325; WUs. Am. Orn. ii. p. 75, 

TySnnttlnlus, Su>. Quart Journ. 8c. xz. p. 271; Max. J. f. O. 

 TYKAN2STID^1. 

p. 178; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 232; Sel et Salv. Ibis, 1859, pp. 122, 
440; iid. Nomencl p. 52,-Baird, Brew, et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. 
p. 334; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 434; Lator. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
vii. p. 327 (Panama), et is. p. 115 (Costa Eica); Dresser, Ibis, 
1865, p. 473 (Texas); Frantz. J.f 0.1869, p. 308 (Gosta Rica) ; 
Gundl J. f. 0. 1871, p. 293, et 1872, p. 420 (Cuba); Boueard, 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica) ; Nekrling, J.f. 0.1883, p. 88; 
Berl J.f. 0. 1884, p. 303 (Bucaramanga); Merrill, P. U.S. K M. 
i. p. 137 (Texas); Ridgw. Proc. Biol Soc. Wash. ii. p. 92; id. Man. 
N. A. B. p. 333. 
Muscicapa ludoviciana, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 934. 
Tyrannus ludovicianus, VieilL Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 75. pi. 45. 
Myionax crinitus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 78. 
Myiarchus crinitus, Tar. crinitus, Cones, Pr. Ac. Be. Phil. 1872, p. 63. 
Gobe-moucke huppe* de Virginie, Daub. PL Enl oC9. %. 1. 
Tyrannus irritabilis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 847. 
Above dull greenish olive; crown brownisb; wings dull blackish, 
primaries edged externally with clear rufous, secondaries and wing-
coverts bordered with whitish; tail blackish brown; whole inner 
webs of all the lateral rectrices clear rufous: beneath, throat and 
neck ashy; abdomen sulphur-yeUow; under wing-coverts sulphur-
yellow ; inner margins of remiges fulvous; bill dark horn-colour ; 
feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4*1, tail 3*5. Female 
similar. 

Hob. Eastern North America (in summer) and south through 
Mexico and Central America to Panama and Colombia. 

The darker ashy neck and brighter yellow abdomen are generally 
sufficient to distinguish this species from its congeners, besides the 
greater amount of rufous in the tail-feathers. 

a-e. Ad. si N. America. Purchased. 
d, e. S ad.; f-h.
$ad.;£ Ad. sk. 
Illinois, U. S. A. (Code). Sclater CoE. 
j . cf ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
I Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. S ad. sk. 
Michigan. 
New Jersey, U. S. A. ( Wilson). 
New York (Hurst). 
Niagara Falls. 
Distr. of Colombia, U. S. A. 
Prof. Steere [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. S ad.; p. $.
Jr. sk.
(Coues). 
Distr. of Colombia, IT. S. A. 
(Coties). 
Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. J ad. sk. 
Choctum,VexaPaz (Salvin). 
Vera Paz. 
Livingston, Guatemala 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. <$ ad. sk.
(Salvin). 
Lion Hill, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeannan). 

2. Eyiarclras cinerascens. 
Tyrannula cinerascens, Lator. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. v. p. 121 (1851). 
Myiarchus cinerascens, Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121; iid. Nomencl 

p. 52; 8ol. Ibis, 1859, p. 440; id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 384, et 1871* 
74 . MYIAECHXTS. 
240 

p. 85; id. Cat. A B. p. 233; Coues, Pr. Ac. Sci PliUad. 1872, 
p. 69; td. Key K A. B. 1884, p. 436; Boucard. P. Z, S. 1878, 
£ 64 (Costa Kica); Merrill, P. U.S. & M. i. p. 141 (Texas); 
Wffw-P- *£& N. M. i. p. 424; et v. p.541 (California); id. Man. 
]y. A. JJ, p. 333. 
Myionax mexicanus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 74, 
Myiarchus rnexicanus, Baird, B. N. A. p. 170; Cooper, Orn. Cal i. 


p. 316. * ? 
Myiarchus pertinax, Bawd, Pr. Ac. Set. PHlad. 1850, p. 303 (Cape 
S. Lucas). 
Myiarchus crinitus, var. cinerascens, Baird, Brew, et JRidmv. W. A. 
B. ii. pp. 332, 337. 
Above ashy brown, with, very slight olivaceous tinge; wings 
blackish, primaries narrowly margined with rufous, secondaries and 
coverts more broadly with dirty white ; tail blackish, with the inner 
webs of the lateral rectrices clear rufous except at the tips, which 
are blackish like the outer webs : beneath, throat, neck, and breast 
pale cinereous; belly and under wing-coverts very pale lemon-
yellow ; inner margins of remiges pale rufous; bill horn-colour; 
feet blackish: whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 3*7. Female 
similar. 

Hal.' California, Arizona, Texas, and Western Mexico to 
Guatemala. 

This western species is noticeably different from M, crinitus in 
its much paler colouring below and in the black tips of the lateral 
rectrices, which extend over both webs. As regards the last-
mentioned feature, however, I have had great difficulty in drawing 
the line in southern specimens between this species and M. mexi


canus. 
a. Ad. sk. California. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. California. Lord Walsingham 
c. Ad. sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. (MollSclater 
Coll. 
dj e. $ jr. sk.
f. $ ad. sk.
hausen). 
Cape San Lucas, LowerCalifornia (Xantus). 
La Paz, Lower California 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk.
(Forrer). 
North Mexico (Ward). 
Juchitan, Mexico (SumiSclater 
Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. (J $ ad. sk.
chrast). 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico (ForSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk.
/, m. ? ad. sk.
?'er). 
S. Juan, Mexico (Bebouch). 
Oaxaca, W. Mexico (FenoSclater 
Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
chid). 
n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk. 
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 
J^ased . 
p,q. 6 2 ad. sk.
r 2 ad. sk.
s Ad. sk. 
Barranco Hondo, Volcan deFuego, Guatemala (Salv.). 
Duefias, Guatemala (Salv.). 
Choacus, Guatemala (Sab.). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Col. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll. 

250 TYEAOTID2E. 

3. Myiarclras nuttingi 
Myiarchus nuttingi, Ridgw. P. U.S. K M. v. p. 399, yi. pp. 379, 393 
(Nicaragua); id. Proc. Biol Soc. Wash, ii. p. 92; id. Man. N. A. 

B. p. 334. 
Nearly similar to M. mexicanus and M. cinerascens, but with the 
inner webs of all the lateral rectrices either wholly rufous or with a 
very narrow strip of blackish next to the shaft on the outer feather. 

(Ridgway.) 

Hab. Tehuantepec and south to Costa Rica and Nicaragua. 

I have as yet seen only one example of this apparently somewhat 
doubtful species, which comes very near M. mexicanus. 

a. J ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmioi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Myiarchus mexicanus. 
Tyrannula mexicana, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51. 
Myiarchus cooperi, Baird, B. K Am. p. ISO; ScL P.Z.S. Ifc39, 

p. 384 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 2&>; 
Scl. et Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 122 (Guatemala); iid, P. Z. & 1&T0, 
p. 837 (Honduras). 
Myiarchus crinitus cooperi, Cones, Pr. Ac. Sc. PAH, lh72? p. 117; id. 
*Key, 1884, p. 435; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. X.^A. B, iL p. *1*1L 
Myiarchus mexicanus, Dresser, Ibis, 186.3,p. 47% (Texas); Scl. I*. Z. S. 
1871, pp. 84,85; ScL et Sah. NomencL p. 52; Ridytr. Pr. U.S. 

N. M. iii. p. 13; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 333. 
Myiarchus crinitus erythrocercus, Coues et Senn. Bull U.S. G. & iv. 
p. 32 (Texas); Coues, Key, 1884, p. 435. 
Myiarchus erythrocercus, var. cooperi, Ridgw. P. U.S. X. J£ I. 
p. 138. 
Myiarchus mexicanus rnagister, Ridgw. Proc. Biol. Soc. If'ash, ii. 
p. 90; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 333. 
Myiarchus erythrocercus, Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 20-1 (Texas). 
Ahove brownish cinereous, crown rather darker; wings blackish, 
primaries narrowly edged with rufous, secondaries and coverts more 
broadly with dirty white; tail blackish, all the lateral rectrices with 
the greater part of the inner web rufous, leaving only a narrow 
blackish border alongside the shaft: beneath, throat and breast pale 
cinereous; belly and under wing-coyerts pale sulphur-yellow; inner 
margins of rectrices pale rufous; bill dark horn-colour;" feet blackish: 
whole length 7*8 inches, wing 4, tail 3%5. Female similar. 

Hab. Mexico, Tucatan, and Honduras. 

I confess I cannot see the necessity for dividing this species into 
two subspecies solely on size, as Mr. Ridgway has done; nor do I 
understand the supposed geographical boundaries between the two 
subspecies. The specimen that agrees best with T. mexicana of Kaup 
is specimen a; specimen 6, from Oaxaca, is nearly similar, but wry 
slightly longer in the wing. These are from Western Mexico, but 
so are also e and / (from the Tres Marias), which are decidedly 
larger. Again, in the series from Yucatan and its islands there is 
much diversity in size. So on the whole I rather doubt whether 
the size has much to do with the distribution. 

74 . MYI1ECHTTS. 
251 

a. Ad. sk. Atlisco, Mexico (Bouoard). Sclater Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk Oaxaca,W. Mexico (Fenochid). Salvin-Godman Ooll 
e. Ad. sk. South Mexico (Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
e,f. 
d 2 ad. sk. Tres Marias Islands, W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico (Forrer). 

g. Ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). Sclater Coll. 
k, z. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan ( Gaumer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j-o. Ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gau- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mer). 
p-x. Ad. sk. Kuatan I , Bay of Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 

y. 
Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. M. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Whitely). 
5. Hyiarclms tyrannulus. 
Tyrannus cayanensis minor, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 400. 

Le petit Tyran de Cayenne, Daub. PL Fnl. 571. fig. 1. 

Muscicapa tyrannulus, P. L. 8., Mull. Nature. Suppl. p. 169 (1776). 
Myiarchus tyrannulus, White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (rep. Aig.) j Scl. 

et Hud®. Arg. Orn, i. p. 156. 
Muscicapa aurora, Bodd. Table d. PL Fnl p. 34 (1783). 
Muscicapa ferox, ft Gm. 8. N. i. p. 934 (1788). 
Suiriii pardo y roxo, Azara, Apunt ii. p. 143. 
Tyrannus crinitus, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 13; dOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 306. 
Tyrannus irritabilis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189. 
Tyrannus ferox, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 848. 
Myiarchus ferox, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 470 ( ?); Teh. Orn. Bras. 

p. 116 (part). 
Myiarchus erythrocercus, Scl et Said. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 631 (Venezuela) 
; iid. Namend, p. 52; Scl P. Z. S. 1871, p. 271 (St. Lucia); 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia); Semper, P. Z. S. 1872, 

p. 650 (St. Lucia) j Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Santa 
Marta) j Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p.320; Berl Ibis, 1883, p. 140. 
Myiarchus crinitus, var. irritabilis, Coaes, Br. Ac. Sc, Phil. 1872, 

p. 65; Baird, Breto. et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 331 (part.). 
Myiarchus oberi, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. i. pp. 59,191, 239, 271, 
et viii. p. 622 ( W. Indies); id. Ann. New York Acad Sci. i. p. 48; 
LMer, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St. Vincent); Scl. Ibis, 1880, p. 74 (W. 
Indies); Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473 (St. Vincent). 

Myiarchus erythrocercus, var. erythrocercus, Bidgw. Pr. U.S. N. M. 

i. p. 140. 
Similar to M. mexicanus, but rather smaller in dimensions. 
Hab. Southern Antilles and South America down to Argentine 
Republic. 
As Graf v. Berlepsch has pointed out (Ibis, 1883, p. 139, notej, 
the figure in the c Planches Enluminees,' upon which the names 
Mmc.. tyrannulus, Muller, and M. aurora, Bodd., were based, clearly 
belongs to this species, with rufous inner webs to the tail-feathers, 
which Mr. Salvin and I distinguished as erythrocercus when we first 
became acquainted with it. I think it right, therefore, to restore 
the oldest name to this species. 

252 
TYR^OTIDiE. 

a. Ad. at. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
c-e. cJad.j/ S 
Jamaica (?). 
Grenada, West Indies (Ober). 
Grenada, West Indies( Wells). 
P. H. Gosse [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
<7, Ad. sk. 
7i. $ ad. sk. 
hJ-<$ 2 ad. sk. 
&, J. c? $ ad. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
w, 0. Ad. sk. 
£>. Ad. sk. 
#. $ ad. sk. 
r. Ad. sk. 
s. Ad. sk. 
Nevis, West Indies. 
St.Vincent,W.Indies (Lister). 
St. Vincent, W. Indies (Richardson). 
Dominica, W. Indies (Ober). 
Dominica,W.Indies (Taylor). 
St.Lucia,W. Indies (Semper). 
Tobago (ThirsJc). 
Santa Marta, U.S.G.(Smio?i$). 
Caracas, Venezuela( Goering). 
Trinidad. 
W. Cottle, Esq. [C], 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
if. Ad. sk. 
u. Ad. sk. 
v. Ad. sk. 
w?. J ad. sk. 
x, y. Ad. sk. 
z. Ad. sk. 
Cayenne (JelsM). 
Sarayacu, E. Peru. 
Maranura, Peru (Whitely). 
Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Natterer). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wticherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
E. Bartlett [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
«\ Ad. sk. 
b\ Ad. sk. 
Bolivia. 
Catainarca,Arg.Rep.( White). 
T. Bridges [C.J. 
Sclater Coll. 

6. Myiarchus validus. 
Myiarchus validus, 
Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 351; Sol. P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 76 (Jamaica); id. Cat. A. B. p. 232; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 52; Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 62; Baird, Bretv. et Bidgw. 
KA. B. ftp. 331. 
Tyrannus crinitus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 186. 
Tyrannula gossii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189; Kaup9 P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51. 
Myionax validus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. JELein. ii. p. 73. 

Above brownish cinereous, crown darker; wings blackish, edged 
with rufous; tail blackish, the lateral rectrices with the greater 
portion of the inner webs and narrow edgings to the outer webs 
rufous, leaving only a black line along the shaft: beneath, throat 
and breast pale cinereous; abdomen pale sulphur-yellow; under 
wing-coverts pale rufous; bill dark horn-colour, base of the lower 
mandible pale; feet blackish : whole length 8*5 inches, wing A, 
tail 3*9. Female similar. 

Hah. Jamaica. 

The rufous wing-edgings, fulvous under wing-coverts, and greater 
amount of rufous in the tail at once distinguish this well-marked 
species. 

a. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin)* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad.sk. Moneague, Jamaica {Salvin). Mrs. Bryant [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Near Spanish Town, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(March). 
d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Allen). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Sclater Coll. 
. Ad sk. Jamaica, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

74 . MTIAJEtCHTJS. 
253 
7. Myiarclius ferox. 
Tyrannus cayanensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 398. 
Muscieapa ferox, Gm. 8 iV. i. p. 934; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 855. 
Tyrannus ferox, WOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 306. 
Myiarclius ferox, Cab. Orn. Not. i. p. 248; id. Schomb. Guian. iii. 
: F\Z' S1855 150

% i00} TICI-> P- (Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. 233; 
~* " ^ " Tyst. TJeb. ii. p. 470 
Vuler.J.f. 0. 1867, 
-K,,-, > ,^> r , r.~. 3 (Lower Amazons), 
lbb&, p. 16b (\ enezuela), et 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru); Beinh. 
Fwjlef. Camp. Bras. p. 141; Scl et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 156. 
Myiarckus tyrannulus, Coues, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1872, p. 71; Scl. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 616 (Bolivia); iid. 
2, amend p. 52; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 22; id. Orn. Per. ii. 

p. 321; Baird, Brew, et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 330; Salv. et 
Godin. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (St. Marta); Forbes, Ibis. 1881, p. 343 
(N.E. Brazil); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (rep. Arg.); Sab. 
Ibis, 18fc5, p. 298 (Br. Guiana); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL 
viii. p. 202 (Entrerios). 
Myiarclius swainsoni, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 72; ScL Cat. 
A. B. p. 233; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 161 (rep. Arg.). 
Myiarclius cantans, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 117 ; Berl Ibis, 1883, p. 139; 
BerL et liter. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 137 (Bio Grande do Sul). 
Myiarclius 
panamensis, Later. Ann. L. 2V. T. vii. pp. 284, 295 
(Panama), et ix. p. 115 (Costa Eica); ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 300 (Panama); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Bom. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 
(Costa Hica). 
Mviarchus venezuelensis, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1865, p. 38; ScL 
"et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 632 (Venezuela). 
Myiarclius ferocior, Cab. J.f.O. 1883, p. 214 (rep. Arg.). 
Above dark cinereous, more or less olivaceous: wings and tail 
blackish, wing-coverts and outer secondaries with more or less 
defined edgings of dirty white: beneath, throat and breast cinereous; 
abdomen and under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow; bill dark brown; 
feet blackish : whole length 7*0 inches, wing 3*6, tail 34. Female 
similar. 
Hub. From Yeragua throughout South America to Argentine 
"Republic. 
As has been pointed out by Graf von Berlepsch (Ibis, 1883, p. 139), 
Omelin's Musdcapa ferox was based primarily on Brisson's Tyrannus 
cayanensis^ which is certainly this species, and not on PL Enl. 571, 
fig. 2, as has been generally assumed. I think, therefore, that we 
,cannot well avoid using the specific name "ferox " for this bird. 

a. S ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Aree). Sabin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arcs). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e.f. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
<7, Ji, L Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 
jl Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hughes). 
h* Ad. sk Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

TYBAOTIDJe. 

254 

I Ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. 0. (Salmon)* 

m. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
n. Ad. sk Bogota. 
o. 
<$. Ad.sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering), 
p. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). 
q. Ad. sk. Trinidad. 
r. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk)* 
s. Ad. sk. Sarayacn, Ecuador (Buckley), 
t. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. 
u. Ad. sk. Pebas, E. Pern (HauvwelF)* 
2 a(^s^*

v. Pebas, E. Pern (Hauxicelt). 
w. S ad. sk. Yurimaguas, E. Pern (Bartlett). 
x. S ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Pern, 
y. 2 ad. s^* Santa Craz, E. Pern. 
z. $ ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Pern (Bartlett). 
a', V. Ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Pern (Bartlett). 
cr. £ ad. sk. Upper UeayaH. 
d'. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia 
(Buckley). 
e\f. Ad. sk. Typnani, Bolivia (Buckley). 
g\ h'. Ad. sk. Typuani, Bolivia (Buckley). 
i'. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
j\ Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
k'. Ad. sk. British Guiana, 

V, m'. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana 

(Whitely). 

n'j of. <J ad. sk.; Camacnsa, British Guiaca 

pf. $ ad. sk. ( Whitely). 

q'. Ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama


zons ( Wallace). 
r'. Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). 
$f, P. Ad. sk. PernamTmco, Brazil (Forbes). 
ur, vr, w\ Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). 
x\ Ad. sk. Bania, Brazil. 
y'. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
z\ <$ ad. sk. Sapetiba, Brazil (Naiterer). 

(Authentic tpeeimen 
a1'. <S ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). 
b". Ad.sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Su3, 

Brazil (Joyner). 
c". Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Bnenos Ayres. 
d". $ ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Bep. (Wets


haupt). 
e",f. Ad.sk. Mendoza, Arg. Eep. (Wefo-
Tiaupt). 
g". Ad. sk. Vicinity of Buenos Ayres (Mmlehost). 


8. Myiarclras cepialotes. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoIL 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater CoIL 
Sclater Col. 
Saivin-Goiiman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sah in-Gudman Coll. 
ftilvin-Godman Cull. 


E. Bartlett XV. 
E. Bartlett XC. 
Sab in-Gi dman CoIL 
Sclater C«JL 
E. Bartlett X/. 
Salvin-Godxban Coll. 
Salvin-Gi dman CoIL 
Sclater Coll. 

T. mdffm 'C.J. 
Sclater < *olL 
Cii**v. Srhoinbunrk 
Sah in-frudiuan Coll. 

Stth in-Godman Coll. 

Sahui-Godman Coll. 

Sclater CoIL 
Ftahin-Godznan €etlh 
SalvIB-Ciadman CoIL 
Selater Coll. 
Sclater CoIL 
Sclater Coll. 

of M. canton*, Pelz.) 

Salvin-Gudrii&n Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

EL Duniford [0.1. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Vmthwei. 

Salvin-Godmaii CoB. 

Myiarchns cepbalotes, Tacz. P. Z. S.187% p. 671, et 3882, p. 22: td, 
Om. Fir. ii. p. 322; Bach. u. ScMl J. f. 0.1880. p. 317; Tact, et 
Berl P. Z. S.1885, p. 93 (Ecuador). 

Myiarchus ferox, Tsck F F.y A®esf p. 163 (?). 

74 . MTIAECHTJS. 
255 

Similar to 21 ferox, but bill shorter; outer margin of external 
rectrix more distinctly white, and whitish margins of wing-coverts 
and secondaries more strongly marked: whole length 7'0 inches, 
wing 3*8, tail 3*7. Female similar. 

Hab. Western Peru and Ecuador. 
I cannot say that I am at all satisfied as to the claims of this 
form for specific distinction. 

a. $ ad. sk Tamiapampa, Peru (Stohmcmn). Sclater Coll. 
b. J ad. sk. Clririnioto, Peru {Stokmann). Sclater Coll. 
e, d. Ad. sk. Ckirimoto, Peru (Stohmami). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Authentic specimens.) 

9. Myiarchus pelzelui. 
Myiarchus pelzelui, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 139. 
Similar to 21 feroz, but of much paler colouring; back olive-
grey and not olive-brown: cap rather lighter; throat and breast 
more whitish ; bill longer and paler in colour. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil and Cayenne. 

I am also not quite certain that this form is anything more than 
a variety of M. ferocc. Count v. Berlepsch has kindly supplied me 
with one o£ his typical specimens, and a skin, apparently from 
Ca\ enne, seems to agree quite well with it. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. (One 
of the types.) 
h. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
10. Myiarchus phaeonotus. 
Myiarchus pbseonotus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 207; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guian.). 

Above greyish black, cap darker black; wings and tail blackish, 
wing-coverts and outer secondaries margined with dirty white: 
beneath, throat and upper breast pale greyish : abdomen and under 
wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length 
Q-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hub. Interior of British Guiana. 
The dark-coloured back and black head distinguish this species 
from JIT. ferox. 

a. 9ad.sk. Koraima,Brit. Guiana(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. S ad.; d. Merum6 Mts.? Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
$ ad.sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.) 
e 
9 ad. sk. Merume" Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

11. Myiarchus phaeocephalus. 
Myiarchus 
phseocephalus, Relator, B. Z. S. 1860, p. 281 (Ecuador) j 
id. Cat. JL B. p. 233 j Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 237 (Puna I.); 
Corns, Br. Ac. 8c. BUI. 1872, p. 73; Scl et Salv. NomeneL p. 52 ; 

*YBAIOrcD2E. 

256 

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326; id. Orn. PSr. u. p. 328; Ben. et Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1888, p. 559, et 1885, pp. 93,122 (Ecuador). 
Myiarchus tyrannulus, var. pyocephalus, Baird, Brew, et Bidgio. 
N. A. B. ii. p. 330. 
Above olivaceous grey, crown dark grey; wings blackish, with 
narrow whitish edgings to the primaries and borders of the same 
colour to the secondaries and coverts; tail blackish, with lighter 
apical edgings : beneath, throat and neck pale greyish ; abdomen and 
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; whole length 7*0 inches, 
wing 3-5, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hab. Western Ecuador and Western Peru. 
Very closely allied to M. ferox, but apparently recognizable by its 
greyish back and dark grey head. 

a. <$ ad.; b. ad. 
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
sk. (Types of the species.) 
c, d. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Tiling- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth). 
12. ILyiarcIms aplcalis. 
Myiarchus apicalis, Scl. ei Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 209; Reich, u. SchaL 
J. f. 0.1882,2.217. 
Above dark olivaceous; head blackish; wings blackish; wing-
coverts and secondaries slightly edged with whitish; tail blackish ; 
outer web of outer rectrix and broad apical spot on all the lateral 
rectrices white : beneath, throat and neck grey; abdomen and under 
wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 
7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*3. 

Hah. Interior of Columbia. 
The broad apical white spots on the lateral tail-feathers at once 
distinguish this species. 

a. Ad.; b. Jr. sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 
c, d. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

13. Hyiarchns lawrencii. 
Muscicapa lawrencei, Giraud, B. of Texas, 1841, pi. 2. fig. 1. 

Myiarchus lawrencii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 181; Sclater, P. Z. S.1859, 
pp. 366, 384; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440; id. Oat. A. B. p. 233: Mat 
et Salv. Ibis, 1859,p. 121 (Guatemala); Ud. P.Z.8. 1870, p. m 
(Honduras) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 52; G. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 114 
(Honduras); Law. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), et 
ix.pp. 115, 204; Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Bica) ; Owes, 
Br. Ac. Sc. Phil 1872, p. 74; Boucard, P. Z. S.1883, p. 448 (Yucatan) 
j Bidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 335. 

Myiarchus rufomarginatus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. JBem. ii. p. 73. 
Myiarchus mexicanus, Sclater, P. Z. S.1856, p. 296. 
Myiarchis tristis, var. lawrencii, Baird, Brew, et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. 


p. 333. 
74 . MTIAKCHUS. 
Myiarchus lawrencii olivascens, Ridgw. Froc. Biol. Soe. Wash ii 

p. 91; id. Man. 1ST. A. B. p. 335. 
Myiarchus platyxhynchus, Ridgw. JProc. Biol Soc. Wash. hi p. 23; 
id. Man. JV. A. B. p. 335 (?). * ' 
Above dull olive-green; head brownish ; wings and tail blackish, 
with narrow rufous external margins: beneath, throat and nock 
pale cinereous; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-
yellow ; bill horn-colour; feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 
3*5, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hob. Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and Honduras. 

ISTo precise line can be drawn between this and the following 
species, which pass gradually one into the other. (Qf. Baird, 
Brewer, and Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 333.) But I am inclined to 
refer all the Guatemalan series to the present form. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico (SalU). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Orizaba (Botteri). Purchased. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Mazatlan, "W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. J $ ad. sk. Tres Marias I., W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Forrer). 
g} h. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e-p.Ad.sk. Oozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

q. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
duras (Blancaneaux). 
r. J ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 
s, t. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq_, [P.]. 


u. § ad, sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. J ad. sk. Duenas (Fraser). Jardine Coll. 
w. $ 
ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Col. 
Diego (Salvin). 
a. Ad. sk. Volcan de Agua (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
y. $ ad. sk. yaxcamnal,Guatemala(#aZ»m). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
%. Jr. sk. Honduras (Mather). Sclater Coll. 
a'. Jr. sk. Honduras. Dyson [0.1. 
b\ Ad. sk. SanPedro,Honduras(WUtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0 . 14. Myiarclms nigricapillus. 
Mviarchus^la^^ii?^6. J. f. 0.1861, p. 2^; Later. Ann. L. K Y. 
Viii p.l82,et ix. p. 204; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa 
Kica) ,* Boucard, P. Z.8.1878, p. 64. ^ „ n ^r „ . OQ, 
Myiarchus lawrencii nigricapillus, Bidgw. P. U.8. K M. vi. pp. 6m, 
393 (Nicaragua). oo o r , r v 

Mviarchus nigricapillus, 861. Cat. A. B. p. 233: Lawr. Ann.L.N. Y. 
ix p. 115 ; Salv.F. Z. 8.1867, p. 148, et 1870, p 199 (Veragm) ; 
Scl.et 8ahv. P. Z. S.1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia); Frantz. J. f. 0. 
1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica). # 

Myiarchus tristis, var. nigricapillus, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. 

ii. p. 333. 
Similar to M. lawrencii, but cap sooty black, and yellow abdomen 
brighter. 
Hah. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Veragua. 
VOL. XIV. 


258 
TYBANBTID-ffi). 

a, b. Ad. sk. Costa EIca (Mus. JBerol). Sclater Coll. 

Authentic specimens.) 

( 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Oosta Rica (CarmioZ). 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 

d. Ad.sk. San Jose, Oosta Eiea (CarmioT). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Tueuniqui, Costa Eica (Arce). 
Salvin-Godraan Coll. 

f. $ ad. sk. Pacxiare, Costa Eica (Carmiol), 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

g. Jr. sk. Irazu district, Costa Eica 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 

(Rogers). 

Purchased. 

h. Ad. sk. Costa Eiea. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. Blewfields, Nicaragua (WicJcJlCt77l). 


j. <$ ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k,l (S 2 a(*-$&. Santa Ee, Yeragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. 2 ad. sk. Volcan de Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
15. Myiarchus nigriceps. 
Myiarcbus nigriceps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 08, 205 (Ecuador); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 2^4; Sol et Sate. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 3G0 
(Panama), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 810 (Bolivia J; 
iid. Nomend. p. 52 ; Later. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 327 ; Wyatf, 
Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia) ; Cones, Pr. Ac. Sc. PML 1672, p. 7-1; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539,1879, p. 235,1880, p. 203, et lbx>, p. 22id. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 324; Sate, et Godm. Ibis, I860, p. 1*25 (Sta. 
Marta); Tacz. ei Perl. P.Z.S. 1883, p. 559, et 1884, p. 297 
(Ecuador); Sate. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guiana). 

Myiarchus tristis, var. nigriceps, Baird, Brew, et liidgm. JV. A. B. ii. 

p. 333. 
Myiarchus tuherculifer, JBerl Lf. 0,1884, p. 304 (Bucaramanga). 
Above greenish olive; cap black ; wings and tail blackish, more 
or less margined with brownish: beneath, throat and neck jjale 
grey* abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; inner 
margins of wing-feathers fulvous; bill dark horn-eolonr; feet Mack; 
whole length 6*3 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Eab. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, and Amazonia. 

This bird seems to be always smaller than the two preceding 
species. Only in young specimens is there occasionally some rufous 
edging to the tail-feathers. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. PaUatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. ^ (Type 
of the species.) 
b. c? ad. sk. Pallatanga. 
L. Fraser TC.]. 
c. d. S ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (illing-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth). 
A. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coil. 
7c, I. tf 5 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll 
m. 
Ad. sk. Herradura, Magdalena Valley Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Wyaft). 
n. S ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simom). Salvin-Godman CoU. 
o}p. Ad. sk Bogota. Sclater Coll 
74 . MYIABCHTJS. 259 
q. Ad . sk. Merida, Venezuela {Goering). Sclater Coll. 
r. Ad . sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll. 
(Hanke). 
s. <$ ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
t. $ ad. • it-w. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
$ ad.sk. {Whitely). 
x. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 
y. Ad . sk. Yquitos, Peru {JVJdtely). Sclater Coll. 
16. Myiarchus atriceps. 

Myiarclius atriceps, Cab. J, f. 0. 1883, p. 215; Sol. et Huds. Ary. 

"Orn. i. p. 157. 

Similar to M. nigricans, but larger in size: whole loiiffth 7 inches 

•wing 3*7, tail 3*5. 
Hah. Northern Argentina, Bolivia, and Southern Peru. 
I}'Orbigny's Tyrannus tuberculifer, of which I have examined 
specimens in the Paris Museum, belongs either 
to this species or to 

M. tricolor. The slight spine at the bend of the wing, alluded to in 
d'Orbigny's name, is found more or less developed in many species 
of Tyrannidae 
a. Ad. sk. Cachupata, Peru {Whitehj). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Cachupata, Peru {Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Aud.sk. Interior of Bolivia (Bridges). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Interior of Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
/ . 
c? ad. sk. Tucmnan, rep. Arg. {Schick). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 

17. Myiarclms tricolor. 
Myiarchus tricolor, Teh. Orn. Bras. pp. 117,182 • Berl Ibis, 1883, 
p. 139. 
Myiarchus gracilirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 117, 183. 
Above dark greyish with a slight olivaceous tinge; crown blackish 
; wings and tail blackish; wing-coverts and outer secondaries 
with, slight margins of dirty white: beneath, throat and neck pale 
grey ; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill 
dar k horn-colour; feet black: whole length 6*3 inches, wing 3, 
tail 2*8. 
Hah. Brazil. 

This is a close ally of M. nigrice}^, and only distinguishable by 
its darker back and head not so dark. It appears to be M. tricolor 
of Pelzeln, as considered by Graf v. Berlepsch. It would be more 
satisfactory to have a better series for comparison. 

a. Ad.sk. Bio Tocantins, Brazil {Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s & 

TIRLWE1DM.

mo 

18. Myiarclrus yucatanensis. 
Myiarchus rnexicanus, Lawr. Ann. L. K T. ix. p. 202. 
Myiarchus yucatanensis, Lawr. Proc. Ac. Phil 1871, p. 235* PLidgw* 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ii. p. 92; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 334 

Above dark greyish olive, crown rather more brownish; wings 
blackish, primaries narrowly margined with ferruginous, secondaries 
and coverts edged more broadly with dirty white; tail dark brown, 
all the lateral rectrices with broad margins of bright rufous to the 
inner webs throughout: beneath, throat and neck pale cinereous, 
abdomen and under wing-coverts pale lemon-yellow; biH and feet 
black : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3*2. 
IIah. Yucatan and Cozumel. 

This species clearly belongs to the Antillian group of M. stolidus, 
with broad rufous margins to the inner webs of the rectrices. Mr. 
Lawrence's type, which he has most kindly sent for examination, is 
a very worn specimen. It was obtained by Dr. A. Schott near 
Merida. Mr. Gaumer's specimen (a) is in good plumage, and, no 
doubt, identical. The Cozumel bird (h) has a darker back and a 

darker head. 
a. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Cozumel L, Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
19. Myiarchus domMcerisis. 

Tyrannula stolida, var. dorninicensis, Bryant, Proc. Post. Soc. K. H« 

xi. p. 90. 
Myiarchus dorninicensis, Cory, B. Haiti, p. 79. 
Myiarchus stolidus, Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. vi. p. 153. 
Myiarchus ruficaudatus, Cory, Bull, Nutt. Dm. CI. viii. p. 95. 
Similar to M. yucatanensis, but somewhat darker on the back; 
and bill rather larger and narrower: whole length 7 inches, wing 
3-3, tail 3*2. 

Hah. San Domingo. 

Like M. yucatanensis this species has the rufous edgings of the 
primaries bright and well defined, and the belly of rather a deeper 
yellow than M. stolidus. All the lateral rectrices have rufous 
margins. 

a. S ad. sk. Samana, San Domingo (McGregor). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. San Domingo, W. I. (McGregor). Sclater Coll. 
c. A . sk. San Domingo, W. I. (Toogood). Sclater Coll. 
20. ITyiarchus stolidus. 
Myiobius stolidus, Gosse, B, Jam. p. 168. 
Tyrannula stolida, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51. 
Myiarchus stolidus, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1855, p. 479: Sclater, P. Z. 8 


1861, p. 77 j id. Cat. A. B. p. 234; Scl. et Sah. NommcL p. 52: 
Coues,Pr. Ac. 8c. PMl. 1872, p. 76; Cab.etZlein. Mm. Hem. iitp.73. 
Myiarchus stolidus, var. stolidus, Baird, Brew, et Mdgw. N. A. B. ii. 

74 . MTIABCHTJS. 
Above dark fuliginous grey, head rather blacker; wings blackish 
primaries very narrowly edged with rufous; wing-coveSa 1 
secondanes margined with dirty white; tail blackish, inner web 
of the lateral rectnces except the external pair broadly margined 
with rufous: beneath, throat and neck very pale cinereous7; Se n 
and nnder wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with yellow" bU 
and feet black: whole length 7'9 inches, wing 3'2, tail 3-2 

Hub. Jamaica. 

Nearly similar to the two preceding species, but throat paler, abdomen 
of much paler yellow, and the rufous edgings of the primaries 
scarcely shown. The outer pair of rectnces show little or no signs 
of rufous margins. ° 

a. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). p. L< Sclator? Esq> j 
b. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). jaj:dinJe Coll j 
e. Ad.sk. Jamaica(Chambers). Sfa^C^™^ 
d. d ad. sk. Jamaica (Marsh). Smiths. Inst. rP.l 
e,f Ad.sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll 
h. Ad. sk. Metcalfe Parish, Jamaica (Allen). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
21. Myiarchus sagrae. 
Tyrannus phcebe, d'Orb. La Sagra's Cuba, Aves, p. 72 (nee Lath.) ; 
Gundl J. f. 0.1871, p. 275 (Cuba). 
Myiarchus stolidus, var. phoebe, Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1872, p. 78; 
Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 332: Gundl. J. f. 0. 1861, 

p. 328. ' 
Myiarchus phoebe, Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52. 
Muscicapa sagrae, Gundl Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 313 (1852). 
Myiarchus sagrse, Gundl J.f. 0.1872, p. 424; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. 
p. 334. 
Tyranuula stolida, var. lucaysiensis, Bryant, Br. B. S. N. II. xi. 
p. C6 (Bahamas). 
Tyrannula bahamensis, Brya7it, Br. B. S. JV! H. xi. p. 90. 
Myiarchus stolidus, var. leucaysiensis, Cory, B. Bahamas, p. 100. 
Myiarchus lucaysiensis, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 334. 
Similar to M. stolidus^ but the yellow on the abdomen still more 
faintly shown. 

Hab. Cuba and Bahamas. 

The term phoebe used for this species by d'Orbigny was given in 

error, under the idea that it was Muscicapa phcebe of Latham, which 

is Empidias fuscus. 

The Bahaman form I can hardly separate, though it may perhaps 

stand as a subspecies. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a b. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d dad.sk. Fermina, Cuba(^>7^). Smiths. Inst. [P.]. 

262 TYRASnSTDiE. 
e. Ad. sk. Cuba ( Wright). Sclater Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
b. Subsp. lucaysiensis. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Bahamas (Bryant), Sclater Coll. 

22. Hyiarclras antillarum, 
Tyrannus antillarum, Bryant, Br. Bost. 8oc, M H, x. p. 249 
(1866). 
Myiarchus stolidus, var. antillarum, Cones, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil, 1872, 

p. 79. 
Myiarchus antillarum, 8und. (Eft. Vet-Ah. Fork. 1869, p. 599; Gundl 
J.f. 0. 1874, p. 811, et 1878, p. 171 (Porto Rico); id. An, 8oc. 
Bsjp. Hist, Nat. vii. p. 194 ; 8cl et Salv. NommicL p. 52. 
Above smoky grey, head slightly darker; wings blackish, primaries 
narrowly edged with rufous; coverts and secondaries more 
broadly margined with dirty white; tail blackish, inner webs of the 
lateral rectrices at their extremities slightly tipped with pale rufous: 
beneath white, throat and breast tinged with cinereous; under 
wing-coverts slightly tinged with yellowish; bill and feet black; 
whole length 6-8 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3-2. 

Hob. Porto Eico. 
In this species the rufous colour on the lateral rectrices has 
almost disappeared, and the abdomen is pure white. 

a. Ad. sk. Porto Eico (Bryant). Salvin-Gpdman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Porto Eico {Bryant). Sclater dull. 
c. Ad. sk Porto Eico (Latimer). Sclater Coll. 
23. Myiarchus magnirostris. 
Myiobius magnirostris, Gray, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle? ill. p. 48, t. vlil. 
Empidonax magnirostris, Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 8Q5. 
Myiarchus magnirostris, 8cl. et 8alv. P. Z. S.1870, p. 323 (Galapagos 


Is.); 8und. P.Z.8. 1871, pp. 125, 127; 8almn} Trans. ZooL 8oe. 

ix. p. 493. 
Above brownish grey, head darker, rump slightly olivaceous; 
wings blackish; coverts and secondaries margined with dirty white, 
primaries narrowly edged with brownish; tail blackish, lateral 
rectrices, except the outer pair, more or less broadly margined with 
pale rufous on the inner web; beneath, throat and neek pale greyish; 
abdomen pale sulphur-yellow; flanks cinereous; under wing-coverts 
and inner margins of remiges whitish ; bill and feet black: whole 
length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-4. Female similar. 
Hab. Galapagos Islands. 

A much smaJler bird than the preceding species, and with a 
shorter bill. 

74. MYiAEomrs.
a. Ad. sk. Galapagos. Sir \y. Burnett & 
, . , , . _. _ Cant. Fitzroy. 
6. Ad. sk. Galapagos. 
C. Darwin ft.]. 
_ , 1 _. _, T (Type of the species.) 
c 2 ad. sk. Bmdloe I., Galapagos (Ilabel). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


d. 
<S ad. sk. Indefatigable I., Galapagos Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ilabel). 
e, S ad. sd. Indefatigable L, Galapagos Sclater Coll. 
(Ilabel). 
f,g. 
d $ ad. sk. Indefatigable L, Galapagos 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
(Ilabel). 

h. 
d ad. sk. Abingdon I., Galapagos Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ilabel). 
24. Myiarclras flammulatus. 
Myiarckns flamnmlatus, Laior. Ann. L. N. T. xi. p. 71; Uidgw. Proo. 
Biol 8oc. Wash. ii. p. 93; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 335. 

Above greenish olive, crown rather darker; wings blackish brown, 
coverts tipped with pale rufous, forming two cross-bands; primaries 
edged with pale rufous, outer secondaries more broadly with white ; 
tail blackish brown, slightly edged with pale rufous: beneath, 
throat pale cinereous; breast whitish flammulated with cinereous ; 
belly and under wing-coverts pale yellow; bill dark brown, pale at 
the base of the lower mandible; feet brownish black: whole length 
6*3 inches, wing 3*1, tail 3. 

Hah, Tehuantepec, Mexico. 

A very distinct species, at once recognizable by its flammulated 

breast. 

a, h. Ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
chrast). 

25. Myiarchus semirufus. 
Myiarchus semirufus, Scl P. Z. S.1878, p. 138, t. xi. (Peru); Taos. 
Z. B. 1879, p. 236, et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. l>Sr. ii. p. 325. 
Above brownish cinereous; wings blackish with broad rufous 
margins; tail and upper tail-coyerts rufous, the middle portion of 
the six middle rectrices rufous : beneath uniform ochraccous rufous ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3*3. 
Female similar, but perhaps rather paler below. 

Hah. Coast region of "Western Peru. 
Quite unique amongst this group of the Tyrannulce for its peculiar 
style of colour. 

a. Ad. sk. Pacasmayo, Peru (Orton). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, $ ad. sk. Pacasmayo, Peru (Stohmami). Sclater Coll. 
264 TYEANJSXD2E. 

75. EMPIDIAS* Type. 
Empidias, Cab. et Rein. Mas. Rein. ii. p. 69 (1859) E. fuscus. 
Empidias fuscus is usually united to Sayomis by the American, 
ornithologists, but has much shorter wings and a shorter tail, though 
in other respects, it must be admitted, the two forms come very close. 
Eor the present, however, I prefer to adhere to Dr. Cabanis's views, 
and to leave Sayomis with the Fluvicolirice, and keep Empidias near 
Myiarchus. 

According to this plan Empidias is a purely North-American 
and Mexican type. 

1. Empidias fuscus. 
Muscicapa fusca, Gm. S. N. i. p. 931; Vieill Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 68, 

pi. 40. 
Aulanax fuscus, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1856? p. 1. 
Myiarchus fuscus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 248; Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1859, p. 866; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 (Mexico). 
Empidias fuscus, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 69; Set Cat. A. R, 
p. 234; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 290 (New York); Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 53. 
Sayomis fuscus, Baird, B. 2V*. Am. p. 184; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. 
f JST. A. B. ii. p. 343; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 473 (Texas) ; Coues. 

Key 1ST. A. B. 1884, p. 437. 
Muscicapa phoebe, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 489. 
Sayomis plioebe, Bidgw. Man. M. A. B. p. 336. 
Muscicapa nunciola, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 78, pi. 13. 
Tyrannula nunciola, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189. 

Above dull greyish olive; cap blackish; wings blackish, secondaries 
and wing-coverts edged with whitish; tail blackish; outer rectrices 
edged with whitish: beneath dirty white with a yellowish tinge, 
sides of breast and flanks more or less cinereous; under wing-
coverts white; bill dark horn-colour; feet black: whole length 
6*3 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2*9. Female similar. 

Rab. Eastern North America (in summer) and south to Mexico. 

a. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N.A. Bound. Oomm. 
PP.]. 
b. $ ad.,* c-e. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Pull. "sk. *
g. Jr. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i,j. Ad. sk. 
Illinois (Coale). 
Indiana (Coale). 
New York {Lawrence). 
New York (Rurst). 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.l 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.J. 
Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
h Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Philadelphia. 
Washington, D.C. (Lh-exler). 
Charleston, IT. S. A. (Sclater). 
Mexico. 
Prof. Baird [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
o. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
p. Ad. skg. Jr. sk. 
Near the City of Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

* I do not know:— 
Muscicapa lembeyei, Grundl. Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 314; id. J. f. O. 
1872 p. 427, from Cuba, if it is really different from Empidias fuscus, to which 
it is referred by Cabanis (J. f. 0. 1856, p. 1). 

76.-EMPIDOK-OMITS. 

76. EMPIDONOMUS. 
Type. 
Empidonomus, Cab. et Hein. Mies, Hein. ii. p. 76 (1859) E. varius. 

Wing-end of Empidonomus varius. 

Empidonomus varius is a form remarkable for its small bill and 
striated plumage, which somewhat reminds one of Myiodynastes. 
It has, however, long wings with pointed ends to the primaries, and a 
long tail, and is more nearly allied to Tyr annus. Tyrannus aurantioatro-
cristatus may be added to this genus as a second species, 
though its structure is not quite identical and its plumage is more 
uniform. It has a similar small bill, but the outer primaries are 
sharply excised. The range of this genus is from Colombia to South 
Brazil and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Beneath yellowish : breast striated. 1. varius, p. 265. 
B. Beneath uniform cinereous 2. aurantio-atro-cristatus, p. 266. 
1. Empidouonnis varius. 
Suiriri chorreado debaxo, Azara, Apint. ii. p. 125. 

Muscicapa varia, Vieill. Nouv. Did. xxi. p. 459, id. Enc. Meth. p. 832; 

HartLInd. Az. p. 12. 

Muscicapa rufina, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 22, nl. 31. 

Tyrannus rufinus, Cab. in Sckomb. Guian. lii. p. 700; Burm. Syst. 

Ueb. ii. p. 466; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota). 
Muscipeta ruficauda, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 920. 
Tyrannus leucotis, Sw. Quart Journ. Sc. xx. p. 276. 
Tyrannula tschudii, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 369. 
Empidonomus varius, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76 ; Telz. Orn. 

Bras. p. 117; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 234; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, 

p. 189 (Ucayali), 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia); 
ud. Nomencl. p. 58; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 383 (Para) ; Tacz. Orn. 
PSr. ii. p. 320; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Br. Guian.); Berl et Jher. 
Zeitsckr. yes. Orn. 1885, p. 137 (Rio Grande do Sul). 
2m 
TYBAiraTDJE. 

Above ashy "brown, centres of the feathers blackish; crown black, 
bordered on each side by a white superciliary stripe, and by a white 
line round the nape; concealed vertical crest bright yellow or 
orange; wings ashy black, wing-coverts and secondaries margined 
externally with white; tail ashy black; upper tail-coverts and 
rectrices more or less distinctly margined with ferruginous: beneath 
pale yellowish, throat greyish white; breast and belly more or 
less striated with blackish; under wing-coverts pale yellowish; 
bill and feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3'9, tail 2. Female 
similar, but slightly smaller. 

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. 

a. (S ad. sk. Korainia, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
"b,c<S $ ad.sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman GolL 
{Whitely). 

d. $ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (KauxwelT). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Jr. sk. Bogota (?). 
Purchased. 
f. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coil. 
g. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wiwherer). Salvin-GudiiianColl. 
j. 
Ad. sk. Brazil (Sello). Sclater Coil. 
k. Ad.sk. Brazil. 
Sclater ColL 
I. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
m. Ad. sk. Mapiri, Bolivia (Buchley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Jr. st. S. America. 
Purchased. 
2. Empidonomus anxa&tio-atro-eristatus. 
Tyrannus aurantio-atro-cristatus, 
d'Orb. et Lafr. Byn. Ai\ i. p. 45; 
d'Orb. Toy., Ois. p. 312; Bp. Comp. I. p. 192; Beinh. Fuqelf. Vamp. 
Bras. p. 136; ScL et Salv. F.Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (Ucayali), M57, 

p. 757 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru), et 187% p. 610 (Bolivia); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 53; Barm La-Flaia Meisef ii. p. 453; Midyw. F. 
U.S. W. M. i. p. 482; Tacx F. Z. 8. 1882, p. 22; id. Orn. Fir. ii. 
p. 331; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 202 (Entrerios). 
Empidonomus aurantio-atro-cristatus, Scl.ei Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 157. 
Tyrannus inca, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 383; id. Cat A. B. p. 2S7; 
Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 118. 
Tyrannus auriflamma, Burm. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 246 (Mendoza). 

Above cinereous, cap shortly crested, black, with a large vertical 
spot of bright yellow; wings and tail brownish black, wing-coverts 
and secondaries slightly edged with whitish: beneath as above, 
but rather paler, and with a very slight yellowish tinge on the 
crissum; bill and feet black: whole length && inches, wing 3*8, 
tail 3*1. Female similar, but outer primaries acuminated, not 
excised. 


Eab. Interior of Brazil, Eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Northern 
Argentina. 


a. S ad. sk. City of Goyaz, Brazil (Natters). Sclater Coll. 
b. <S ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
e. $ ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. 
B. Bartlett [C.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater ColL 
/, g. Ad. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupt). Purchased. 
77. 
iTKAraus. 207 
77, TYRAOTUS. 
Tyrannus, Ciwier, Leg. Anat. Comp. i. tab. 2 (1800) T. pipiri'm. 
Drymonax, Qloger, Fronep's Not. xu. p. 278 (1827) T. pipiri. 
Laphyetai Beichmb Av Syst. Nat. t lxvi. (1850).. T. molancliolicus. 
batellus, Reichenb. AvSj/st Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) .. T vociioratis. 
Melittarchus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80 (1850) T. magnirostris. 

"Tail nearly even or moderately forked, rather shorter than the 
wings; the feathers broad and somewhat widened at their ends; 
wings long and pointed; the outer primaries rather abruptly attenuated 
near the end; head with a concealed patch of red on the 
crown." (N. A. B. ii. p. 314.) 

Tyranny* extends all over North and South America to-Argentina, 
but not to Chili and Patagonia. It is also found in the 
Antilles. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Tail slightly rounded, squared or slightly forked. 
a. Bill moderate {Tyi*annus). 
a'. Belly white; tail slightly rounded 1. pipiri, p. 2G7. 
V. 
Belly yellow; tail squared or slightly 
forked. 
a". Breast grey. 
a'". Outer web of outer recfcrix white.. 2. verticalis, p. 269. 
b'". Outer web of outer rectrix grey ,. 3. vociferatis, p. 2G9. 

h". Breast white 
4. niveigularis, p. 270. 

6. Bill much enlarged (Melittarchus). 
c'. Belly yellow; tail squared 5. crassirostris, p, 271. 
dJ. Belly white; tail slightly forked, 
c". Beneath greyish white: 
J bill smaller .. , 6. griseus, p. 271. 
| bill larger 7. restrains, p. 273. 

d". Beneath white; bill very strong 8. magnirostris, p. 273. 

B. 
Tail strongly forked (Laphyctes). 
e'. Throat cinereous: 
1 belly bright yellow 9. melancholicus, p. 273. 
) belly tinged with yellow 10. apolites, JJ. 270. 
f. Throat white .. . t 11. albigularis, p. 276. 

1. Tyrannus pipiri. 
Lanius tyrannus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 136 (part.); Wilson, Am. Orn. ii. 
p. 66, pi. xiii. %. 1. 
Lanius tyrannus, y. carolinensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 302. 
Tyrannus pipiri, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 73, pi. 44 ; Cab. Journ.f. 
Orn. 1855, p. 478; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 236; Gundl. J. f. O. IbOl, 
pp. 328, 409, et 1872, p. 423 (Cuba); Scl et Sato. Nomenel.y. .>3; 
iid. P. Z.S. 1866, p. 189 (Amazonia), 1870, p. 887 (Honduras), 
1873, p. 282 (Amazonia), 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 01b 
(Bolivia) ; Sate, et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta. Marta); Boucard, 

P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan); Tacz. Orn. PSr. u. p. 329. 
Tyrannus intrepidus, Vieill Gal Ois. i. p..214, pi. 133; id. Bnc 
yM6th. p. 849 f Sw.Phtl Mag. 1827 p. 368; id Quart Journ So 
xx p 274; a Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 313 (Bolivia) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 

268 
TYRANITCD^:. 

1857. p. 232 (S. Domingo), et 1858, p. 302 (Mexico); id. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 439 (Mexico); Max. J. f. O. 1858, p. 181* Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, 
p. 55 (Honduras); Lawr. *Ann. Lyc. N. Y. yii. p. 295, et ix. p. 89. 
Mtiscicapa animosa, Licht. Doubl. p. 54. 
Tyrannus leucogaster, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. Ii p. 133. 
Tyrannus caroknensis, Temm. Tail, Meth. p. 24; Baird, B. JV. A?n. 
p. 171; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 79 ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
viii. pp. 182,290; BlaJciston, 3is, 1862, p. 3, et 1863, p. 57; Dresser, 
Ibis, 1865, p. 472 (Texas)• Ridgw. Ann. Lyc. X Y x. p. 375; 
id. P. U.S. X. M. i. p. 471; Xehrling, J. f. 0. 1883, p. 87 
(Illinois) ; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. X. A. B. ii. p. 316*• Coues, Key 
N. A. B. 1884, p. 432. 
Tyrannus tyrannus, Bidgw. Man. X. A. B. p. S'28. 
Above dark cinereous, cap black, with, a concealed vertical crest 
of bright orange; wings blackish, secondaries and coverts edged 
with white; tail black, tipped with white: beneath white, with a 
slight cinereous shade on the breast; under wing-coverts cinereous; 
outer primaries acuminated; tail slightly rounded; bill and feet 
black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4*6, tail 3*6. Female similar. 

Hob. Eastern North America, and southwards through Mexico 
and Central America down to Ecuador and Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. North America. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. British Columbia. J. K. Lord [C.]. 
d, e. Ad. sk. West Side Rocky MounJ. 
K. Lord [C.j. 
tains. 
/. Ad. sk. Lake of the Woods. N. A. Bound. Coram. [P.]. 

g. Ad. sk. Fort Simpson, N. A. E. B. Boas [0.1 
hj i. Ad. sk, Fort Dufferin, N. A. N. A. Bound. Comm. [P.]. 
j-l. Ad. sk. Michigan. Prof. Steere [P.]. 


m. Ad, sk. New Brunswick (Os-Sclater Coll. 
burn). 
n. Ad. sk. New York (Hurst). Tweeddale Coll. 
o. (S ad. sk. Illinois,U.S.A. (Coale). Sclater Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Washington, D.C. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(Drexler). 
q. 2 
Ad. sk. Arlington Swamps, VirSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
ginia, U. S. A. (Cones). 
r. Ad. sk. N. America. Sclater Coll. 
Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s} t, u, v. Ad. sk. (Gaumer). 
Buatan Island, Bay of Salvin-Godman Coll. 


w-z. Ad. sk. 

Honduras (Gaumer). 
Yzabal, Guatemala (Sal-Salvin*Godman Coll. 

a\ b'. Ad. sk. 

vin). 
Yzabal, Guatemala (Sal-Sclater Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. 
vin). 

Hetalhuleu, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d\ Ad. sk. 

(Salvin).

e'. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq. 

f. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g\ 5 ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons).
h'.Q ad.sk. Medellin, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Salmon). 

77 . TYRANNUS. 
200 
K' h i* Ecuador (Gerrard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
\; o f' i Sarayacu, Peru (WMtehj). Sclater Coll. 

k. 
$ ad. sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Bartlett). 
2. Tyrannus verticals, 
Tyrannus verticalis, Say, in Long's Bxped. ii. p, 60 5 Baird, B. N. Am. 
p. 173 j Scl Cat A. B. p. 235 ; Brown, Ibis, 1808, pp. 41% 420 
(Vancouver I.) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 53$ Ridgw. Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y. x. p. 394; id. P. U.S. N. M. i. pp. 424, 408, 479; id. Man. 
m A. B. p. 330; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 324: 
Corns, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433. 
Muscicapa verticalis, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 18, pi. ii. fig. 2. 
Laphyctes verticalis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 77. 


Above light grey, with a greenish tinge on the back ; concealed 
vertical crest orange; wings brown; tail black, outer web of outer 
rectrix white: beneath, throat and breast grey, belly yellow ; under 
wing-coverts dull yellow ; outer primaries attenuated: tail slightly 
forked; bill and feet dark brown ; whole length 8 inches, wing 5, 
tail 4'9. Female similar. 


Hah. Western. North America, and south to Guatemala. 

a~c. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N. A. Bound. Comm. [P.]. 

d. $ ad. sk. Yreka, Siskayou County,Ca- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lifornia (Vaitte). 
e,f. Ad. sk. "West Side,EockyMountains. J. K. Lord, Esq. [C.]. 


g. $ 
ad. sk. Fort Tej on, California (Xan- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
tus). 
h. S a&* ^ Banning, California. G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.]. 
L $ ad. sk. Coahuila Valley, California. G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.J. 
j. § jr. sk. Magana Eiver, California. G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.]. 
k. $ ad. sk. Petaluma, Califomia (Sec- Sclater Coll. 
muels). 
I Ad. sk. California. Lord Walsingkam [P.], 


m. Ad. sk. Nebraska (Warren). Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. DuerLas, Guatemala (Oates). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. J ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Diego (Salvin). 
3. Tyrannus vociferans. 
Tyrannus vociferans, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 273; id. Phil. Mag. 
1827, i. p. 368 : Baird, B. N. Am. p. 174; ScL Ibis, 1859, p. 439; 
id. Cat A. B. p. 235; id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 383 (Oaxaca), et 1864, 
r> 176 (Mexico) ; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121; iid. Nomencl. 
p! 53: Ridgw. P. U.S. 1ST. M. i. p. 480, v. pp. 531, 541, et vi. p. 348 
fCalifornia); Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 327; Cones, 
Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 330. 

Tyrannus cassinii, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. v. p. 39, pi. 3. fig. 2 (1858). 
Laphyctes vociferans, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hetn. n. p. 77. 
Muscicapa satelles, LicM. in Mtis. Berol. 


Above grey, with an olivaceous tinge on the back; concealed 

270 TYRANKIDJE. 

vertical crest scar]et; wings brown; tail black, with a narrow pale 
tip: beneath, throat white ; breast cinereous; abdomen yellow; 
under wing-coverts pale yellow; outer primaries acuminated ; tail 
nearly squared; bill and feet black : whole length 8'5 inches, win«5-
2, tail 4*8. Female similar. 

Hab. Southern California, Arizona, Texas, Mexico, and Guatemala. 


Readily distinguishable from the allied species T. verticalis by 
the want of the conspicuous white outer web of the outer rectrix 
and by the deeper ashy fore neck. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad.sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e-g. Ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk. 
Los Nogales, Mexico (Baird). 
Northern Mexico (Ward). 
Near City of Mexico. 
Mexico (de Saussure). 
Mexico. 
Duenas, Guatemala (Fraser). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. $ ad. sk. Salama, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Tyrannus niveigularis. 
Tyrannus niveigularis, JScl P. Z. S. 1860, p. 281, et 1880, p. 29, pi. iii. j 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 237 ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1877, pp. 32G, 753 (Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 320 ; liidgw. P. U.S. 

N. M. i. p. 479; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118,122 (Ecuador). 
Wing-end of Tyrannus niveigularis, from beneath. (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29.) 

Above cinereous, with an olivaceous tinge on the lower back; head 
darker, with a concealed vertical crest of bright yellow; wings and 
tail black; secondaries and wing-coverts edged with white : beneath, 

77 . TYKAMTTS. 
271 

throat and breast white, the latter with a slight greyish tinge; abdomen 
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; outer "primaries 
slightly acuminated; tail squared; bill and feet black: whole length 
7 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3-2. 

Hob. Western Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Babakoyo, Ecuador (Fro- Sclater Coll. (Type 
S€r\

. , , -. 
of the species.) 

c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Tyrannus crassirostris. 
Tvrannus 
crassirostris, Sio. Quart. Jour. So. xx. p. 278 • id Phil 
"Mag. 1827. i. p. 368 ; ScL Ibis, 1859, p. 439 ; id. P. Z. S. 1862* p. 19 

(W. Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 236; JScl et Salv. Ibis, 18(50, 
p. 899 (Guatemala); iid. Rommel, p. 53 ; Laior. Bull. U.S. N. M. 
no. 4, p. 26 (Oaxaca); Bidgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 472; id. Man. 
N. A. B, p. 329. l ' 
Muscicapa gnatho, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Melittarchus crassirostris, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 80: iid. 
7./ . 0.1855, p. 478. 
ilegarhynchus crassirostris, Finsch, Abh. not. Bremen, 1870, p. 329. 

Above dull brownish cinereous, sometimes with a slight olivaceous 

tinge; cap darker, with a concealed yellow vertical crest; wings 

and tail brownish.: beneath, throat white; breast with a slight 

cinereous tinge; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-

yellow ; bill and feet blackish ; outer primaries slightly attenuated; 

tail nearly square: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 5-1, tail 4. 

Female similar. 

Hab. Western Mexico and Guatemala. 

The huge bill separates this bird from the other continental species, 

and the yellow belly from the rest of the section Melittartilius. 

a, b. cJ $ ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (For- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
rer). 

c. Ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
L Ad. ?k. Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. d ad. sk. Caeoprieto (Tekuantepec), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico (Sumichrast). 
f9 g. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 


h. 
2 a<i- sk Escuintla, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vin). 
6. Tyrannus griseus. 
Le Tyran, Davh. PL Enl 537. ,«„„«/> 
Tyrannus dominicensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 394, pi. 38.fig.^2;Gosse 

B. Jam, p. 169 (1847); StrieU. Ann. $ Mag. N Hvm. p. 372 
(1842) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 172 ; Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 145 
(St. Croix); Cass. Br. Ac. Nat Sci. BUI. 1860, p. 143 (Cartagena) 
: AlbrecM, /./ . 0.1862, p. 199 (Jamaica) L^^'f' % 
I860; p. 182 (Porto Rico); Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. 
27 2 TrRANNIDiE. 

Ii p. 319, pi. 43. fig. 8 (1874)* Allen, Bull. Mus. C. Z. ii. p. 300 
(Florida) ; Cory, Bull JSfutt Orn. Club, vi. p. 153 (1881) j id. Birds 
of Haiti and S. Domingo, p. 77 (1885); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. 
p 470, vii. p. 172 (W. Indies), et viii. p. 570 (Yucatan)-, id. Man. 

N. A. B. j>. 329; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433. 
Tyrannus griseus, Fieill. Ois. Am. /Sept. i. p. 76, pi. 46 (1807); Swains. 
Quart. Journ. Sci. xx. p. 276 (1826) • Gray, Gen. i. p. 247 (1847); 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 192 (1850) ; 8cl Cat Am. B. p. 236; March, 
Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1863, p. 287 (Jamaica) j Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 


p. 169 (Porto Rico) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 98 (Sombrero) 
et p. 182 (Nicaragua)• Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist xi. p. 90 
(1866): Cory, B. Bahama, i. p. 99(1880); id. Bull. JVutt Orn. 
Club, vi. p. 153 (1881). 
Tyrannus matutmus, Vieill. JSnc. Mith. p. 850 (1823) • Salle, P. Z. S. 

'1857, p. 232 (St. Domingo). 
Tyrannus tiriri, Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 24 (1836). 
Melittarclius dominicensis, Cab. J. f. O. iii. p. 478 (1855); id. Mus. 

Hein. ii. p. 80(1859). 
Lanius tyrannus, var. B. dominicensis, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 302 (1788). 
Muscicapa dominicensis, Aud. Orn. Biogr. ii. p. 392. pi. 170 (1834): 

id. B. Am. i. p. 201, pi. 55 (1840). 
Tyrannulus dominicensis, Jard. Contr. Orn. p. 67 (1850). 
Melittarchus griseus, Gundl. Anal. Soc. JEsp. Hist. Nat vii. p. 192 

(1878) (Porto Rico). 

Above grey; concealed vertical crest scarlet• ear-coverts blackish; 
wings and tail brownish black; wing-coverts and secondaries edged 
with white: beneath white; sides of breast and flanks tinged with 
cinereous; under wing-coverts white, faintly stained with lemon-
yellow ; outer primaries acuminated; tail slightly forked* bill and 
feet black : whole length 8'5 inches, wing 4*8, tail 3*9. Female 
similar. 

Hob. Plorida, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and coasts of Central 

America. 
a. J ad. sk. New Providence, Bahamas Sclater Coll. 
b-d. Ad. sk. 
e,f. Ad. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
i,j. Ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
I Ad. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p. <$ ad. sk. 
q. tf ad. sk. 
r. tf jr. sk. 
(Blake). 
San Cristobal, Cuba (Gaumer). 
San Cristobal, Cuba. 
Cuba. 
Jamaica. 
St. Domingo (Salle). 
Porto Rico (Taylor). 
Porto Rico (B?yant). 
Porto Rico (Bryant). 
Porto Rico (Bryant). 
North coast of Porto Rico 
(Salvin). 
St. Croix, W. I. (Salvin). 
Santa Marta,U. S. C. (Simons). 
Panama (McLeanncm). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godruan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Mrs. Bryant [P. l 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

77 . TYEAOTUS. 
273 

7. Tyranims rostratus. 
Tyrannus rostratus, 
Scl. Ibis, 1804, p. 87; id. P. Z. S. 1871 p 272 
(St. Lucia) ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 301 (Panama); 'iM. Nommel 
p 53: tf»np«rP. Z. A 1872, p. 651 (St. Lucia) ; Latvr. 

P. U.S. N. M-1.V- 00 (Dominica), p. 191 (St. Vincent), p. 234 
(Antigua), p 240 (Barbuda), p. 271 (Grenada), p. 358(Martinique); 
Ridyw. P. US N. M. i. p. 470; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St. Vincent) 
; 6bry, iiw, 1886, p. 473 (St. Vincent), p. 475 (Grand Terre). 
Tyrannus magnirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 236 (err.). 

Similar to T. griseus, but with a considerably larger bill: whole 
length 8*5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 3-7. 
Hob. Lesser Antilles. 

a, b. S S ad-sk- Dominica, W. I. (Ober). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c,d. <S$ ad, sk. Dominica, W. I. (Ober). Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll. 
ff, iL S S ad. sk. St. Vincent, "W. I. (Richard- Sclater Coll. 
so?i). 

i. Ad. sk. Martinique (?). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
j, h. <$ $ ad. sk. Grenada, W. I. (Wells). Sclater Coll. 

8. Tyrannns magnirostris. 
Tyrannus 
magnirostris, ffOrb. in La Sagrtfs Cuba, p. 69, pi. 13; 
Bryant, P. P. S. N. IT. xi. p. 66 (Bahamas); Oundl. J. f. O. 
1872, p. 421 (Cuba); Scl. et Salv. Mmencl. p. 53 ; Ridgw. P. U.S. 

N. M. i. p. 469; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 328. 
Melittarchus magnirostris, 
Cab. Jour. f. Orn. 1855, p. 477; Cab. et 
FLein. Mus. Sein. ii. p. 80. 

Above brownish grey, head blackish, with a concealed vertical 

crest of deep orange; ¥ings and tail blackish, with white edgings 

to the secondaries and wing-coverts : beneath white, under wing-

coverts tinged with pale lemon-yellow; outer primaries slightly 

attenuated ; tail slightly rounded; bill much swollen; bill and feet 

black : whole length 9*5 inches, wing 5*3, tail 3*9. Female similar. 

Hah. Cuba, and occasionally Bahamas and Yucatan. 

At once recognizable by its large size and powerful bill, 

a, Ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll. 
b< Ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Oaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

9. Tyrannus melancholicus. 
Suiriri guazu, Azara, Apmt. ii. p. 152. 

Tyrannus melancholicus, 
Vieill. JSfouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 48; %d. Fnc. 
MMh. p. 851; ePOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 311; T*ch. Faun. Per., Aves, 
p 151: Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 464; id. La-Flata Reise, ii. p. 452 ; 
id J. f. 0.1860, p. 245 (La Plata); Cab. in Scltomb. Gman. iii. 
p.*700; Scl P Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota), 1856, p. 141 (Veragua), 
v 297 (Mexico), 1858, p. 70 (Bio Napo), p. 457 (Ecuador;, 1860, 
pp. 92, 281 (Ecuador), 1867, p. 342 (Peru); id. Ibis, 1859, p. 439, 

VOL. XIV. 
T 

274 TYBAN-tflDiE. 

1873, p. 373 (Nicaragua) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 235; Lawr. Ann. 
Lye. N. F.vii. p. 295, ix. pp. 116, 237; id. P U.S. K M. i. 

p. 271; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189 
(Ucayali), 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 142 (Arg. 
Rep.), p. 168 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras), 1873, p. 281 
(E. Peru), 1879, p. 516 (Antioquia), p. 616 (Bolivia) ; %id. Nomencl. 
p. 53; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 117 ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 176; G. C. 
Taylor, Bis, 1860, p. 113 (Honduras); F. C. Taylor, Bis, 1864, 
p. 87 (W. Indies); Eider, J.f. 0. 1867, p. 227 (Brazil); Front*. 
J. f. 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Finsch, P. Z. 81870, p. 572 
(Trinidad) ; Berl J. f. 0. 1873, p. 262 (S. Brazil), et 1884, 
p. 304 (Bucaramanga); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, 1877, p. 326, 
1879, p. 236, et 1882, p. 22 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 327; Bayard, 
Bis, 1873, p. 383 (Para); Bumf. Bis, 1877, p. 178 (Buenos 
Ayres); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448 
(Yucatan) ; Ridgw. P. US. N. M. i. p. 473, et TO. p. 178 
(W. Indies); Salv. et Godm. Bis, 1879, p. 202 (Colombia) ; Forbes, 
Bis, 1881, p. 344 (N.E. Brazil); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 
(Colombia) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg. Rep.); Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148 (Veragua); id. Bis, 1885, p. 299 ("Brit. 
Guiana); Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, 1884, p. 298, et 
1885, pp. 68, 93 (Ecuador); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay) ; 
Reirih. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 138- Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 
1885, p. 137 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Barroios, Bull. NuU. Orn. CI 
viii. p. 202 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 158. 
Muscicapa despotes, Licht. Doubl. p. 55. 
Muscicapa furcata, 8pix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 15, pi. xix. 
Tyrannus furcatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 884• Fuler, J. f. O. 1867, 


pp. 189,190,194, 198 (Brazil). 
Tyrannus crudelis, Sw. Quart. Journ. 8c. xx. p. 275. 
Laphyctes melancholicus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76. 
Muscicapa satrapa, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Laphyctes satrapa. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 77; Cab. J. f. O. 

1861, p. 251. 
Tyrannus satrapa, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 235; Lawr. Ann. Bye. N. Y. 

viii. p. 182, ix. p. 204; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1864, p. 360 (Panama), 
1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia). 
Tyrannus couchi, Baird, B. N. A. p. 175; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 2S5; 
id. Bus, 1859, p. 439 (Mexico); Dresser, Bis, 1865, p. 472 
(Texas). 

Tyrannus melancholicus couchi, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. 

p. 329; Ridgw. P. U.S. JST. M. i. p. 474, et viii. p. 570 (Yucatan) ; 
id. Man. N. A. B. p. 329; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 434. 
Above grey with a slight greenish tinge; head with a concealed 
vertical crest of scarlet and yellow ; lores and ear-coverts blackish ; 
wings and tail brownish black, with more or less of paler margins: 
beneath yellow, throat greyish white, breast more or less greyish; 
under wing-coverts pale yellow; bill and feet black; outer primaries 
attenuated; tail deeply forked: whole length 8 inches, wing 4*8 
tail 4. Female similar. 

Hah. Mexico and Central and South America down to Buenos 
Ayres. 
I do not think it possible to divide this species satisfactorily, even 
into subspecies. 

77. TYRANinrs. 275 
a, b. S $ ad.s^c,
cl S $ad. sk. 

e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
A. Ad. sk. 
i, /. Ad. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
I. <$ ad. sk. 
m-o. Ad. sk. 
2?. Ad. sk. 
q-u. Ad. sk. 
•u. Ad. sk. 
w-y. Ad. sk. 

z. Ad. sk. 
a'. Ad. sk. 
V. Ad. sk. 
c'. <3 ad.sk. 
d'. Jr. sk. 
e'. Ad. sk. 
/ . Jr. sk. 
g'. Ad. sk. 

Ar 

. J ad.sk. 
i'. Ad.sk. 
j\ h\ 6 2 ad. 

V. Ad.sk. 
mr. Ad. sk. 
?zr. Ad. sk. 

o'. Ad. sk. 

p'. S a(l' sk


^', r\ Ad. sk. 

$r. Ad. sk. 

t\ Ad. sk. 

w', v'. Ad. sk.. 

w\ Ad. sk. 

xl, yr. Ad. sk. 

»', a". 6 ? ad. 

sk. 

&". $ ad. sk. 

e",d". d$ad.; 

e". c2jr.sk. 
/". Ad. sk. 

#". Ad. sk. 

h". Ad. sk. 
i". tf ad. sk. 
j",k". Ad.sk. 

Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). 
Prebidio, Mexico {Forrer). 
Acapulco, Mexico (Markham). 
Teliuantepec {Sumichrast). 
Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). 
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Progreso, Yucatan (Devis). 
Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Merida, Yucatan {Gaumer). 
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Cozuniel Island, Yucatan (Gau


mer) . 
Mugeres Island, Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Jolbox Island, Yucatan (Gau


mer). 
Meco Island, Yucatan {Gaitmer). 
Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan


caneaux.) 
Coban, Vera Paz {Salvin). 
Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). 
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica 

(Arcf)^ 
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). 
Irazu dibtr., Costa Rica (Rogers). 
Castillo, Veragua (Arce). 
Panama (McLeannan), 
Panama {McLeannan). 

Paraiso Station, Panania(Hughes). 
Choco Bay, Panama. 

Atauques, Santa Marta, U. S. C. 

(Simons). 

Santa Marta, U. S. C. 
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). 
Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Vic. of Quito. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Trinidad. 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). 


Camacusa, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 


(Whitely). 

Island of Mexiana, Lower Amazons 
(Wallace). 
Para, Lower Amazons (Wal


lace). 
Para (Layard). 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons. 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 

Salvin-Godman Coil. 
Salvin~( Jodman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Colt. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll, 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Lieut. Kellett and 
Capt. Wood [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

T2 

276 TYRAOTID^E. 
/" At ad sk Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joijner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m» Q ad sk Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
» A J «%
Brazil (<%^r). 
RT-A7IT Sclater Ooll. 
*•&* a S Ld. Stuart deEott ^ 
' say [P.]. 
«," d ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
1 ' jTi rft U S 
*Rr«7il 
Uruguay. 
Purchased. 
tftW 1 
«". dad.sk.
i" rf ad sk.
Ad. sk. "
Ad" skA ad *sks' Conchitas, Arg. Eep. i^on) 
Conchitas, Arg. Kep. (Hudson). 
Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. 
Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). 
Pampas of Arg. Republic (Leybold). 
Sclater Ooll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
H. Durnford [C.]Sclater 
Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad sk Cano-alli, Bolivia (BucMey). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad" skAd. sk.
Ad. sk.
% . 
ab'". Skeleton. 
Bolivia (D. Forbes). 
Bolivia. 
Lima, Peru (Nation).' ' ' 
Sclater Coll 
T Bridges [0.]. 
Sclater^Ooll. Eyton CoE. 

10. Tyranuus apolites. 
Laphyctes apolites, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. j>. 77. 
Tyrannus apolites, Ridgw. Proc. US. JSfat. Mus. i. p. 478. 

Similar to T. rnelaneholicus, but smaller, bill shorter and weaker; 
cap blackish, not greyish.; darker back and much paler belly ; 
first -&VQ primaries acuminated: whole length 7 inches, wing 4-2, 
tail 3-7. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil (?). 

The unique specimen of this curious bird has been kindly lent to 
me for examination by Herr Heine. I think it belongs to a distinct 
species, most nearly allied to T. melancholicus, and Graf v. Berlepsch 
is of the same opinion. Judging from the " make " I should 
say the skin is from S.E. Brazil (Uio). 

11. Tyranuus albognlaris. 
Tyrannus 
albogularis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 465; Scl. et Salv. 
Nbmencl p. 53; Feh. Orn. Bras. p. 117; Finseh, P. Z. S. 1870, 

p. 
572; Scl P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29; Ridgw. P. U.S. JST. M. L 
p. 477j Remit. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 139. 
Above greenish olive; head cinereous, with a blackish stripe 
through the eye ; concealed vertical crest scarlet; wings brownish 
black, with slight whitish edgings to the secondaries ; tail black: 
beneath, throat white, abdomen and under wing-coverts sulphxuv 
yellow; five outer primaries emarginated at the tips; tail deeply 
forked; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4*3, tail 4. 
Female similar. 

Hab. Interior of Brazil. 

A perfectly distinct species, distinguishable from T. melancholicus 

78. MILVTJLTTS.
by its pure white throat, yellow breast, more greenish back, and 
deeply forked tail. 

a. <5 ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (batterer). Sclater Coll. 
Tail (from above) and wing (from beneath) of Tyrannus albogularis. 

(P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29.) 
78. lOLVULUS. 
Type. 

Milvulus, Siv. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 165 (1827) M. tyrannus. 

Despotes, JReichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) M. tyrannus. 

The long forked tail at once distinguishes this genus from 
Tyrannus. The two known species extend from Texas and Mexico 
to the Argentine Republic. 

Key to tJie Species. 

A. 
Cap black; flanks white j outer rectrix much 
longer than next 1. tyrannus, p. 277. 
B. 
Cap grey; flanks rosy ; two outer rectrices 
nearly equally elongated 2. forjicatus, p. 270. 
1. Milvulus tyrannus. 
Muscicapa tyrannus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 325. . 
Tyrannus savana, Vieill Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 72, pi. 43; id. Bnc. Mtth. 


p. 853; Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 282. 
Muscicapa savana, Bp. Aon. Orn. i. p. 1, pi. i. fig. 1. 
Tyrannus (Milvulus) monachus, Hartl. Mev. Zool. 1844. p, 2J4. 
Despotes tyrannus, Bp. Not. Orn. p. 87. 
Milvulus monachus, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 439 (Mexico) ; id. P. Z. S. 
TYRASTNIDJB. 

1859, p. 384 (S. W. Mexico); Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 (Guatemala) 
; Taylor, Ibis, I860, p. 114 (Honduras) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. 

N. Y. vii. p. 295; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 108. 
Milvulus tyrannus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 699; Cab. et Uein. 
Mas. Hein. ii. p. 78; Scl. P. Z.S. 185(5, p. 297, 1858, p. 358, et 
1859, p. 55 (Honduras); id. Cat A. B. p. 237; Cab. J.f. 0.1861, 

p. 251 (Costa Rica); Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 361 (Panama), 
1807, pp. 578, 978 (Lower Amazons), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru), 
1879, p. 516 (Antioquia) et p. 616 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl p. 53 ,* 
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 177, is. p. 116; Salv. P. Z. S. 
1807, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 3872, p. 318 
(Nicaragua), et 1885, p. 299 (Br. Guiana); Frantz. J.f O. 1869, 
p. 309 (Costa Rica); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia): Layard, 
Ibis, 1873, p. 383 (Para); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 496 (Costa 
Rica), et vi. p. 375 (Nicaragua); Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178 (Buenos 
Ayres) ; Salv. et Godm. Bis, 1879, p. 202 (Santa Marta); Gibson, 
Ibis, 1880, p. 26 (Buenos Ayres), et 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay) ; 
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg. Rep.); Berl J. f O. 1884, 
p. 304; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 435 (Venezuela); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 332; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 431; Berl. et Jher. Zeitscftr. 
yes. Orn. 1885, p. 138 (Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. 
Orn. CI ii. p. 203 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Buds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 1GQ. 
Tyrannus violentus, Vieill. Nouv. Bict. xxxv. p. 89; id. Ene. Meth. 

p. 854 (ex Azara, no. 190); Burm. Sijst. TJeb. ii. p. 467; id. La-
Plata Beise, ii. p. 453; id. J. f. O. 1860, p. 245 (La Plata); 
Sternberg, J.f O. 1869, pp. 131, 258. 
Muscicapa violenta, Bp. Jour. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 378 (1825). 
Tyrannus tyrannus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 310. 
Milvulus violentus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. 


ii. p. 78; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 237; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 118; Set et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 142 (Conchitas); Reinh. Fuglef Camp. Bras. 
p. 133. 
Above cinereous, rump blackish; cap jet-black, with a concealed 
yellow vertical crest: wings dark brown; tail black, outer web of 
outer rectrix white: beneath white; bin and feet black: three 
outer primaries excised at the tips: whole length 15 inches, wing 
4-6, tail—outer rectr. 12, middle rectr. 3. Female similar, but 
outer tail-feathers not usually so long. 

Hob. Mexico and Central and South America, down to pampas of 
Argentine Republic. 

a, b. S 2 ad. sk. Mexico (Boucard). Selater Coll. 
cfd. <$ j ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk.
g, k <$ $ ad. sk. 
Pine-ridge of Poctum,
Guatemala (Salvin). 
Guatemala. 
Chontales, Nicaragua(Belt), 
Turrialba, Costa Rica 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i- Jr. sk.
(Arci). 
Orosi, Costa Rica (CarSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
j . c? ad. sk.
miol). 
Irazu distr., Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. S ad. sk.
(Rogers), 
Castillo, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. d ad. sk. Santa F<5, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll 

78. MiivtJLirs. 
m. $ jr. sk. Veragua (ArcS). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n, o. <$ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

$ ad. sk. 

San Sebastian, Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

U. S. C. (Simons), 
2-$ ad. sk. MedeUin,U.S.O. (Salmon). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

r. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 

*> t. Jr. sk. Buearamanga, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
(Minlos). 
u, v. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). 

Jardine Coll. 

w.. Ad. sk. British Guiana. 
R. Geogr. Soc. [P.], 
.V. Ad. sk. S. America. 

Purchased. 

cj1 ad.; «. 5 ad. ; Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. a'. 3 2T-s^-(Whitely).
<$ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Whit eh/).
c'. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely).
d'., $ ad. sk. Guia, Upper Bio Negro Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Wallace). 
er. Ad. sk. Mexiana (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
Jr. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c? ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 

ff'-
a7, d1 ? ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. K Jr. sk. Pernarnbuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
, V. S ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k\

'. 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
m1 ,o' d $ ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [0.]. 
n',, ^'. Ad. sk. Monte Video. W. G. Lettsom [0.]. 

P'l c? ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Ley-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
bold). 
s\ <? ad. sk. Mendoza,rep. Arg. (Leybold), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c? ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.]. 

2. Milvulus forficatus. 
Muscicapa forficata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 931; Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. 
i. p. 71; Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 15, pi. 2,fig. 1. 
Milvulus forficatus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 225; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 169 ; 
" Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 79; Bp. Not. Orn. p. 87; Sclat. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 439; id. Cat. A. B. p. 237 ,* Sol et Salv. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 121; iid. NomencL p. 53; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 114; (Honduras) 
j Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Dresser, Ibis, 
1865, p. 472 (Texas); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.ix. p. 116; Frantz. 
J.f. 0.1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Salv. Ibis, 187i?, p. 318 (Nicaragua) 
; Merrill, F. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 (Texas); Bidgio. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. x. p. 394; id. F. U.S. N. M. vi. pp. 374, 384 (Nicaragua) 
; Boucard, F. Z. S. 1878, p. G5 (Costa Rica) ; Coues, Key 
N. A. B. 1884, p. 431. 
Tyrannus mexicanus, Steph. Gen. Zool, Birds, xiii. pt. 2, p. 134. 
Muscicapa spectabilis, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Above grey; slight concealed vertical crest crimson; ^wings 
brownish black, coverts and secondaries edged with white; tail—six 
middle rectrices black, three outer pairs white, more or less stained 
with rosaceous, and with the apical portions black: beneath paler, 
nearly white, axillaries deep rosy red; nanks, crissumt and under 

OXYRHAMPHTD^. 

wing-coverts more or less stained with the same colour; first primary 
emarginated; two outer rectrices of nearly equal length; bill brown; 
feet blackish: whole length 13 inches, wing 5, tail—outer roctr. 
8, middle rectr. 2'S. Female similar, but outer tail-feathers not 
usually so long. 

Hah. Texas, Mexico, and Central America down to Costa Eica. 

a-c. Ad. sk. Central America. Purchased. 
cl $ ad. sk. 
e. (S ad. sk. 
/ . S ad. sk. 
g,h. 3 2 ad- sk. 
hj. S $ ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
Texas (Heimann). 
Texas (BaircT). 
Scully-ville, Texas 
(McCarthey). 
Cohan, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Vera Paz. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
I. S jr. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk. 
n. J ad. sk. 
Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Sucuya, Nicaragua (Nutting). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 

Family II. OXYRHAMPHIDiE. 

The single genus Oxyrhamphus, which constitutes this family, 
is at once recognizable from the Tyranniclce by its straight, sharp-
pointed hill, which is beset on the lores and front and under the 
chin by numerous small and short bristly feathers, and by the 
serration of the outer web of the outer primary. The tarsus is 
exaspidean, as in the Tyranniclce The digits are nearly free, as in 
the Oscines. (See page 2.) 

Three closely allied species of this genus are known from various 
points of the Neotropical Eegion. 

1. OXYKHAMPHUS. 
Type. 

Oxyrhynchus, Temm. PL Col. t. 125 (1823) 0. flammiceps 
Oxyrhamphus, Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 420 (1841) 0. flammiceps! 

Structure of Oxyrhamphus. 

1. OXYEHAMMUS. 
Key to the Species. 

Beneath pale yellowish green, with blackish 

skait-spots: 

f plumage duller: tail longer 1. Jlammkeps, p. 2S1. 

1 plumage brighter: tail shorter 2. /rater, p. 281. 

Beneath white, flanks and belly tinged with 

green, with blackish shaft-spots 3. hypor/laucus, p. 282. 

1. Oxyrhamphus flammiceps. 
Oxyrhynchus flammiceps, Temm. PI. Col. 125; Cab. et Eeine. Mm. 
Rein. ii. p. 31; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 100. 
Oxyrhamphus flammiceps, Gray, List of Gen. (1841), p. 23; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 211; Burm. Syst Ueb. iii. p. 33; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. 

p. 42 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 41. 
Oxyrhynchus cristatus, Sw. Zool. III. pi. 49. 
Oxyrhynchus serratus, Mikan, Del. Flor. et Faun. Bras, (cum fig.). 
Above green, wings and tail blackish brown edged with green; 
centre of crown black, with a large median crest, occupying the 
vertex, of bright fiery red; superciliaries and sides of head pale 
greenish, with black spots: beneath pale yellowish, thickly covered 
with black shaft-spots; middle of belly and under wing-coverts pale 
sulphur-yellow; bill plumbeous; feet blackish: whole length 6-5 
inches, wing 3*7, tail 2-5. Female similar, but red crest perhaps 
not quite so bright. 

Hal. S.E.Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Youds). 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Rothesay [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
2. Oxyrhamphus frater. 
Oxyrhamphus frater, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 326 j iid. Ex. Orn. 
p. 131, t. 66; iid. Nomencl. p. 41. 
Oxyrhynchus frater, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 194 (Veragua). 
Oxyrhynchus flammiceps, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 106 (Costa 
Kica). 

Nearly similar to 0. flammiceps, but brighter; margins of the 
secondaries and wing-coverts broader and of a lighter and more 
yellowish colour; tail shorter. 

Hab* Costa Rica and Yeragua. 

a. 
<$ ad.; b. ? Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.) 
ad * c $ ir sk» i 
d 
p'lr "sk. ' Castillo, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. |

* J (Types of the species.) 
e,fi d ad. sk. Veragua {Ard). Sclater Coll. 
PIPRID^. 

g. # ad.; h. <S jr. sk. Veragua (Arc£). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
V. Ad. sk. ' Costa Bica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Oxyrhamphus hypoglaucus. 
Oxyrhamphus hypoglaucus, Salvin et Godman, Ibis, 1883? p. 206; 
Salvin, Bis, 1885, p. 291. 

Above green; wings and tail brownish black edged with green ; 
the margins of the coverts and secondaries broader and more yellowish 
; large vertical crest scarlet, bordered by black on each side : 
beneath white, with a faint greenish tinge on the sides of the breast 
and flanks, and covered with numerous blackish shaft-spots; middle 
of belly white; under wing-coverts pale yellowish; bill above horncolour, 
beneath whitish; feet plumbeous: whole length 6*3 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 2-5. Female similar. 

Hob. Guiana. 

a. 
9 ad. sk. Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 1 
(Whitely). \ 
b, c. c? ad.; df e. Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.) 
Jad.sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.) 
/. 
c? ad. • g, h. $ Boraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. (Whitely). 

Family III. PIPRIML 

The Pipridw, of which about 70 species are known, have been 

usually regarded as merely a subfamily of the Cotingidce, and the 

two groups are certainly very closely allied. But as regards their 

exaspidean tarsi, the Pvpridcr come nearer the Tyrannidae, and they 

are 
further distinguished from most of the Ootingidm by their 

greater syndactylism. They are dentirostral Oligophones, mostly of 

small size, and generally of bright plumage in the male sex. (See 
page 2.) 

The Pijoridce are entirely confined to the Neotropical Begion, 
over which they range from Central America to Paraguay and the 
confines of La Plata. 

Key to the Subfamilies of Pipridaa. 

A. 
Bill short, much expanded at the 
base ; terminal notch slight; 
rictus almost smooth; tarsi 
slender. Sexes usually dissimilar, 
and colours of males brilliant, of 
females dull 1. PimiNJE, p. 283. 
B. 
Bill more elongated and much 
compressed j terminal notch distinct 
,• rictus more or less bristled ; 
tarsi stronger. Sexes alike or 
nearly so, and colours mostly 
dull 2. PTILOCHLORINJE, p. 816. 
1. PIPRITES. 
2s;$ 

Subfamily I. PIPRINiE. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Tail rather lengthened. 
a. 
Frontal feathers recumbent. 
a\ Tail squared or slightly rounded. 
a". Without a nuchal crest. 
a'\ Bill shorter 1, PipRriES, p, 283. 
b'". Bill longer : * 

Imesorhinimn compressed 2. CHLOROPIPO, p. 280. 
j mesorhinium rounded .. 3. XENOPIPO, p. *2ti7. 
b". With a nuchal crest 4. CEEATOPIPRA, p. 288. 
b'. Outer tail-feathers much elongated 5. CIRRHOPII>RA, p. 280 

b. Frontal feathers erect. 
c'. Bill short, widened at the base; 
front crested. 
( Tarsi shorter; scutes divided. 6. METOPIA, p. 290. 
] Tarsi longer; scutes united. 7. MASIUS, p. 290. 

d\ 
Bill long*, much constricted; front 
not crested 8. METOPOTHRIX, p. 292. 

B. Tail short. 
c. Wings of males normal. 
j Bill wider 9. PIPRA, p. 292. 
j Bill more compressed 10. NEOPIPO, p. 303. 
d. Wings of males modified. 
e\ Stems of secondaries thickened.. 11. MACHiEROPTERUS, p. 303. 
f\ Stems of primaries thickened. 
e". Primaries straight , 12. CHTROXIPHIA, p. 307. 

d'\ 
Primaries curved. 
(Middle tail-feathers length\ 
ened 13. HELICXJRA, p. 311. 
{ Tail squared 14. CHiROMACHiERis, p. 312. 

1. PIPEITES. w 
Typo. 
Piprites, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. siii. pt. i, p. 234 (1847) P. pileatus. 
Hemipipo, Cab. ibid. (1847) P. chloris. 

The short, strong, Parine bill, strong feet, and less united toes 
sufficiently distinguish this little group of five species, which 
extends from Costa Rica to Brazil. The first species "shows these 
characters to excess, the other four {Hemipipo) are not so divergent 
in structure. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Bill shorter; back red: sexes distinct (Piprites). 1. pileatus, p. 284. 
B. 
Bill longer; back green: sexe3 similar (Hemipipo). 
a. Cap olivaceous; front yellowish. 
a'. Abdomen yellowish olive. # 
j Larger ; nape olivaceous 2. cfdons, p. 284. 
1 Smaller; nape greyish 3. tschudu, p. 284. 

V. Abdomen cinereous 
4. chlonon, p. 28o. 
6. Cap and front cinereous 
& griseiceps, p. 2$o. 
284 PIPKID-ffi. 

1. Piprites pileatus. 
Pipra pileata, Temm. PL Col. 172. fig. 1. 
Piprites pileatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234; Bp. Consp. 


i. p. 174; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 246; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126; Scl. et 
Salv. NomencL p. 53. 
Above dark chestnut-red; cap black; wings black, edged with 
green ; outer secondaries and wing-coverts red like the back; tail 
red, with a large central black blotch occupying the whole of the 
two middle pairs of rectrices except the tips : beneath reddish 
fulvous; middle of belly and under wing-coverts yellowish; bill 
and feet pale red : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*1. 
Female similar, but upper part of the back olivaceous. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
a. Ad. st.
b, c. <S $ ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
0. Darwin, Esq. fP.1 
Sclater Coll. 
d. d ad. sk. Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Piprites cMoris. 
Pipra chloris, Temm. PI. Col. 172. fig. 2. 
Piprites chloris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 246 ; Pelz. 
Orn. Bras. p. 126 j Scl. et Salv. NomencL p. 58. 
Hemipipo chloris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234. 

Above olive-green; lores whitish; front rufescent; sides of head 
cinereous ; wings blackish edged with green ; broad tips of coverts 
and outer secondaries white ; tail blackish, edged with green, and 
tipped with white spots : beneath yellowish green; under surface 
of remiges at their bases creamy white; bend of wing yellowish ; 
bill cinereous ; feet pale brown: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 2m89 
tail 2'2. Female similar. 
Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
3. Piprites tschudii. 
Pipra chloris, Tsch. F. P., Av. p. 144. 
Plemipipo tschudii, Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 99,- Taos. P.Z.S. 1874, 


p. 539; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 79. 
Piprites chloris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota). 
Piprites cklorion, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 246; id. P.Z.S. 1858, p. 72 
(Rio Napo); Scl. et Salv. NomencL p. 53; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 
(Ucayali), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22. 
Piprites tschudii, Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 334. 

Similar to P. chloris, but rather smaller; bill longer; nape 
cinereous; lores more yellowish. 

Hab. Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

1. PIPRITES. 285 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk,
c. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador ( 
Rio ftapo. VBuckley),
^ 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

4. Piprites cMorion. 
Hemipipo chlorion, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234. 
Piprites chlorion, Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 126; 
8alv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 78 (Brit. Guiana) : Scdv. Ibis. 1885, 

p. 299 (Brit. Guiana). ' 
Above bright olive-green; nape and sides of head cinereous; 
front and lores yellowish; wings and tail blackish, slightly margined 
with olivaceous; tips of wing-coverts, broad ends of outer secondaries, 
and tips of tail-feathers creamy white: beneath cinereous; 
middle of belly whiter; throat and crissum pale yellow; bill and 
feet plumbeous: whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-2. 
Female similar. 

Eab. British Guiana. 
This species is at once distinguished from the former by its 
yellowish throat and cinereous belly. 

a. $ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk.
{Whitely). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
d. J ad. sk.
{Whitely). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. (S $ ad. sk.
{Whitely). 
Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 

5. Piprites griseiceps. 
Piprites griseiceps, Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 (Costa Bica) ; Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. K Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, 

p. 309 (Costa Rica). 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive; 
front, cap, and sides of head cinereous; spot in front of eye whitish : 
beneath yellowish, olivaceous on the sides ; under wing-coverts 
creamy white; bill blackish : feet cinereous: whole length 4 inches, 
wing 2*5, tail 1*8. -

Hab. Costa Rica. 

The dark ashy cap renders this species at once recognizable. 

a. Ad. sk. Tucurriqu^, Costa Rica {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
286 
PTPKID2E. 

2. CHLOEOPIPO. 
Type. 
Chioropipo, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 90 (1859).. C. flavicapilla. 
This genus was founded by Cabanis and Heine for Pipra flavi


capilla of Colombia, which bas the bill of a typical Pipra, but differs 
from that genus in its much elongated wings and long tail. With 
this may be associated for the present two species from Guiana and 
Amazonia, of nearly uniform green colour in both sexes, concerning 
which there is still much to be learned. 

Key to the Species. 

A. General plumage yellow 
1.Jlamcapilla^ p. 286. 
B. 
General plumage green: 
| wing longer; under wing-coverts white .. 2. uniformis, p. 286. 
1 wing shorter j under wing-coverts cinereous 3, holochlora, p. 287. 
1. Chioropipo fiavicapilla. 
Pipra fiavicapilla, Schter, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 9 ; id. Contr. Orn. 1852, 
p. 132, pi. 97.fig. 2; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota). 
Chioropipo fiavicapilla, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 247 ; Scl. et Salv. No?nencl. 
p. 54; iid. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 516 (Antioquia); Tacz. et Berl. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador). 
Chioropipo fiavicollis, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 91 (err.). 
Pipra plumosa, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Above yellowish green; wings and tail brown, edged with 

yellowish green; whole head above and neck with, slightly elongated 

feathers, bright yellow : beneath yellow, paler on the belly and 

crissum; under wing-coverts white ; bill blackish; feet; brown : 

whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female yellowish olive; 

abdomen paler, more yellow; under wing-coverts white. 

Bab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. (S 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Bogota. * Gould Coll. 
</, h. o* ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


2. Chioropipo uniformis. 
Chioropipo uniformis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 447; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 299 (Brit. Guiana). 
Chioropipo unicolor, Tacz. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 335 (?). 

Above olive-green : beneath rather paler ; throat somewhat cinerascent; 
under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet dark plumbeous: 
whole length 5*4 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*4. Female similar. 

Bab. British Guiana. 

a, b. S ad.; e. ? Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ColL 
ad. sk. (WMtely). (Types of the species.) 

3. XENOPIPO. 287 
d, e. S 5 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
/ . tf ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Mei-urne* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coil 
g, h. 6 $ ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Twek-quey Mt., Carhnang r.,
Brit. Guiana (Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

3. Chloropipo holochlora. 
Pipra cornuta $ , 8cl et 8alv. P. Z. 8 1867, p. 751. et 1873, p. 282 
(E. Peru). 
Above uniform shining green: beneath paler, middle of abdomen 
yellowish; under wing-coverts cinereous; upper mandible plumbeous, 
lower pale brown; feet hazel: whole length 4-5 inches, 
wing 2-6, tail 1*8. Female similar (?). 

Eab. Colombia and Amazonia. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Pasto, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Lehmann). 
c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
/. 6 ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [0.]. 
3. XENOPIPO. 
Type. 
Xenopipo, Ca&. in Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847) . X. atronitens. 

This is a curious type, distinguished by its flattened mesorhinium, 
and the uniform shining black plumage of the male. So far as is 
yet known, it is peculiar to the Guianas and Lower Amazonia. 

1. Xenopipo atronitens. 
Xenopipo atronitens, 
Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235; id. in 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 129; 8cl. et 8alv. Nomencl. p. 54; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 299 
(Brit. Guiana). 
Uniform shining black, not so bright below; bill plumbeous; 
feet black: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*8, tail 1*9. Female 
green, paler beneath, throat and belly lighter. 

Eab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia. 

a, b. <$ ad.; c. $ MerumS Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
jr.;^,e. Jad.sk. (Whitely). 
/. $ ad. sk. Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 

g. 9 ad. sk. Demerara (Brown). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i, <$ ad. sk. Ovapoc, Cayenne. Purchased. 
j. 9 ad. sk. Rio Negro. Sclater Coll. 
h. S ad. sk. Bio Icana (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
Lm. S 2 ad. sk. Borba (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
n Ad.sk. S.America. Gould Coll. 
PIPRIDJE. 

4. 
CERATOPIPRA. _ 
Type. 
Ceratopipra, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisocl p. 6 (1854) C. cornuta. 
The longer tail, stronger tarsi, and peculiar extended crest seem to 
separate this genus from the typical Piprce, and I have therefore 
placed it apart, under the generic term suggested for it by Bonaparte. 

The two known species are restricted to Guiana and Amazonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Throat red, like the head 
1. cornuta, p. 288. 
B. Throat black, like the belly 
2. iraeunda, p. 288. 
1. Ceratopipra conrata. 
Pipra cornuta, Spur, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pi. 7. £ 2 ; Wagl. Isis, 1830, 
p. 933; Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii. p. 696 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173 ; 
Burm. Syst Ueb. ii. p. 444; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71 (Rio 
Napo) id. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 127; Cab. et 
Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 92; Scl. et Sab. KomencL p. 54; Salv. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 337. 
Ceratopipra cornuta, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6. 

Glossy black; whole head and neck all round, together with 

elongated nuchal crest and thighs, bright scarlet; bill and feet 

whity brown: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*7. Female 

green ; wings and tail brownish; throat and middle of belly pale 

yellowish green. 

Hal. Guiana and district of Rio Negro. 

a. $ ad. sk. British Guiana. Purchased. 
b-d. 3 ad. j e. Roraima,Brit.Guiana(Wldtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
S jr.; /• ? 
ad. sk. 
g, h. 3 ad.; i,j. Roraima, Brit. Guiana( Whitelxf). Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 


2. Ceratopipra iracmida. (Plate XIX.) 
Pipra iracunda, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 447; Salv. Ibis, 1885. 
p. 300. 
Glossy black : whole head above and elongated nuchal crest and 
thighs bright scarlet; under wing-coverts black; bill and feet 
whity brown: whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*5. 

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia. 

I am rather doubtful whether the three young males (I, c, d) 
really belong to this species, but do not know where else to place 
them. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman ColL. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. 6* jr. sk. Rio Napo. 
Sclater Coll. 
o. $ jr. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 6* jr. sk. Loretoyacu, E. Peru (Ham-well). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5 . CIRKHOPIPRA* 
5. CIERHOPIPRA. 
Cirrhipipra, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 (1850) Q. fiHcauda 
Teleonema, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxiii. (1850) ... . 0. ifflcauda! 

The peculiar elongated tail-feathers render this form, which in 
other respects pomes very near the true Pipra, easily recognizable. 
I t is rather widely spread over Amazonia, Colombia, Ecuador, and 

Venezuela. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Outer rectrices filiform 1. fiUeauda, p. 289. 
B. Outer rectrices acuminated 
2. heterocerca, p. 289. 
1. Cirrhopipra filicauda. 
Hpra filicauda, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pi. 8. figs. 1, 2; Waal Isis. 
1880, p. 936; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 143; Sclater, P. Z 8. 
1855, p. 152 (Bogota) ; id. Cat A. B. p. 247; Scl. et Salv. NomencL 

p. 54; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 579 
(L. Amazons), 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru); 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 336; Burm. Syst. 
TJeb. ii. p. 446. 
Cirrhipipra filicauda, Bp. Co?isp. i. p. 172; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, 

p. 265 (Upper Amazons), et 1858, p. 71 (Eio Napo). 
Teleonema filicaudum, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 91. 
Yelvety black ; whole head and neck above scarlet, front yellow: 
beneath bright yellow; crissum black; inner webs of wing-feathers 
with a large white blotch; bill plumbeous; feet reddish: whole 
length 5-8 inches, wing 2*6, tail 3. Female green; wings and 
tail brown with green margins; beneath paler, more yellowish : 
middle of belly yellow. 

Hab. Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Amazons. 
Purchased. 
b. S ad. sk. Barra do Eio Negro ( Wallace), Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Kauxwell). Gould Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, g. cS ad- sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley)* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 2 a<*. sk. Rio Napo. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

Purchased. 

j. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
k. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 

L 
<3 ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. $ ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). 
2. Cirrhopipra heterocerca. 
Pipra 
heterocerca, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, p. 313 (N.Brazil); Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 54. 

Similar to C. filicauda, but outer rectrices acuminated and produced, 
not filiform. 
Hab. Amazonia. 
YOIu xiv. ^ 


290 
PIPBID2E. 

I have never seen but one example of this bird, and regret to say 
that 1 do not know where that now is. It is perhaps rather a 
doubtful species. 

6. METOPIA. 
Type. 
Metopia, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 254 (1837) M. galeata. 
Antilophia, Reichenb. AD. Syst. Nat. t. lxiii. (1850) M. galeata. 

This ornamental form, distinguished by its splendid scarlet crest 
and head and long rounded tail, is found only in the interior of 
South Brazil and Bolivia, where Natterer tells us it frequents 
marshy places and keeps near the ground. 

1. Metopia galeata. 
Pipra galeata, Idekt. Doubl p. 28 (1823); Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 039; 

Sw. B. Brazil, pi. 23. 
Pipra wiedii, Less. Tr. $ Orn. i. p. 258. 
Metopia galeata, Sw* Class. B. ii. p. 254; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Burnt. 

Syst tteb. ii. p. 440; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 98 ; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 252; Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 129; Scl, et Salv. Nomend. 
p 55; Hi. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia). 
Antilophia galeata, Bp. Consp. Vol. Amsod. p. 5. 


Yelvety black; erect frontal crest, cap, and upper part of back 
bright scarlet; bill and feet brown: whole length 6'2 inches, 
wing 3*1, tail 2*7. Female. Dull olive-green, paler below. 

Hah. S. Brazil and Bolivia. 

a. d ad. sk. Brazil. 
Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.]. 
b. <$ ad.; c. $ Brazil. 
Purchased, 
jr. st. 
d, e. $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, <$ ad. sk. Bio, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
fff h <$ $ ad. sk. Brazil. Selater Coll. 

i. g ad, sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buekley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. MASIUS. 
Type. 
Masius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175 (1850) M. ehrysopterus. 
Anticorys, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90 (1859). M. ehrysopterus. 

As in Metopia, the frontal feathers in Masius are erect and produced, 
and the tail is rounded. But the tarsi are longer, thinner, 
and more nearly smooth, and the tail is proportionately not so 
long. The two known species are restricted to Colombia and 
Ecuador. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Tips of crest-feathers slightly constricted, 
rufous orange 1. ehrysopterus, p. 291. 
B. 
Tips of crest-feathers much constricted, pale 
brown 2. coronulatus, p. 291. 
7 . MASITTS. 291 
1. Masius chrysopterus. 
Pipra chrysoptera, Lnfr. Rev. Zool 1843, p. 07; id. Maq. de Zool. 
1843, Ois. pi. 44; dray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 274, pi 67. fig. 1. 
Masius clirysopterus, Bp. Consjp. i. p. 175; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 152; id. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Scl. et Solo. Nomencl p. 53: Tacz. 
et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Eastern Ecuador). 
Anticorys chrysoptera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90. 


Above velvety black; large erect crest on the front and head 
bright lemon-yellow, the feathers on the nape with deep reddish-
orange ends, slightly constricted; wings and tail black, with the 
greater part of the inner webs of the remiges and roctrices of a 
bright pale yellow: beneath black, large patch on throat yellow; 
bill and feet reddish: whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*8 
Female. Olive-green : beneath pale, belly yellowish. 

Hah. Colombia and Eastern Ecuador. 

a, b. $ ad.; c. $ Bogota. Purchased. 
ad. at. 
d, e. S 2 ad.; Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/. 6 jr. sk. 

g. <$ ad.; h,%. £ Bogota. Salvin-Godrnan OolL 
ad.;,/. $ jr. sk. 
k-m. S ad. sk. Bogota. Gould OolL 

n. d ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
2. Masius coronulatus. 
Masius coronulatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 91 (Ecuador); id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 247; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 

pp. 516, 549 (Antioquia). 

Above velvety black; large erect crest on the front and hoad 
bright lemon-yellow, the feathers on the nape with pale clear brown 
ends, much constricted; wings and tail black, with the greater part 
of the remiges and rectrices of a bright pale yellow: beneath black, 
large patch on throat yellow; bill and feet reddish : whole length 
4 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*6. 

Female. Olive-green : beneath paler, belly yellowish. 

-Hob. Ecuador and Antioquia. 
The specimen from Antioqnia (j) shows a slight divergence 
towards M. cTirysopterus (cf. Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 516). 

a. S ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fi'aser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b, c. <$ J ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Goaman Coll. 
d, e. <$ $ ad.;/. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvm-Godmaxi Coll. 

6 jr. sk. 
g, h. J ad. sk. Quito> Ecuador. Gould Coll. 

V. <$ ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. <$ ad. sk. Antioquia, Colombia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
v2 

PIPRIDiE. 

8. METOPOTHRIX. Type 
Metopothrix, Scl P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 M. aurantiacus. 

This is a very abnormal and singular form, which, may perhaps 
belong elsewhere, but on the whole shows most similarity to the 
Pipridce. The frontal plumes are erect but short; the tarsi are 
nearly smooth, as in Madus, but shorter and rather thicker, and the 
outer toe not apparently so far united to the middle toe as in the 
more typical Piprce. The tail-feathers are much graduated and 
pointed. 

1. Metopothrix aurantiacus. 
Metopothrix aurantiacus, Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190, pi. xviii. 
(R. Ucayali), et 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru) j iid. Nomencl p, 55; Tacz. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 349. 
Above olive* wings blackish, edged with olive; frontal plumes 
erect, orange: beneath paler; throat and breast orange-yellow, 
passing into pale yellowish olive on the belly; bill brown* feet 
yellow : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2. 

Hab. Eastern Peru and Ecuador. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Amazons (E. Bartleti). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
c. 
c? ad. sk. Samiria, Upp. Amazons (Kaux- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
loell). 
d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Grodman OolL 
9. PIPRA*. 
e 
Pipra, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 338 (1766) P. aureola. 
Pythis, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 971 P. leucocilla. 
Dixiphia, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxiii. (1850) .. P. leucocilla. 
Lepidothrix, Bp. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 6 (1854) .. P. cyaneocapilla. 
Corapipo, Bp. ibid P. gutturalis. 
Dasyncetopa, Bp. ibid. P. serena. 
Tyranneutes, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 269 P. virescens. • 

In the typical genus Pipra the males are generally adorned with 
patches of most brilliant plumage, which present great contrasts in 
their tints. The eighteen known species, all of small size, are distributed 
throughout the hot forests of Central and Southern America, 

* I am nou acquainted with Pipra opalizans, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 186, from 
Para, of which the typical specimen has been lost. 
9. PIPEA. 
293 
from Southern Mexico to Bolivia. The tail is short, and squared at 
the end. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Sexes dissimilar; males above and beneath 
more or less black. 
a. Throat red or yellow 5 belly black: 
( tail black 1. aureola, p. 293, 
< tail with white spot on outer rectrix, 2. Jlavieollis, p. 294, 
( tail with white bar 3. fasciata, p. 294. 
b. Under surface "black. 
a'. Cap red. 
a". Thighs red 4. rubricapilla. p. 295. 
b". Thighs yellow: 

j chin black 
5. chloromeros, p. 295. 

I chin yellow 6. mentalis, p. 295. 
b'. Cap yellow 7. auricapilla, p. 296. 
c'. Cap white: 

I rump black, like the back 8. leucocilla, p. 297. 
(rump pale blue 9. isidori, p. 298. 
dl. Cap blue: 
rump black 10. velutina, p. 299. ) rump bluish 11. cyaneocapitta, p. 299. 
rump blue 12. cceruleocapilla, p. 300. 

c. 
Throat black; belly yellow: 
) breast-spot yellow 13. serena,-p. 300. 
I no yellow "breast-spot 14. suavissima, p. 300. 
d. 
Throat white; belly black: 
] crissum black 15. gutturalis, p. 301. 
I crissum white 16. leucorrhoa, p. 301. 
B. Sexes dissimilar; male with back green,. 17. nattereri, p. 302. 
C. Sexes similar, all green 18. virescens, p. 302. 
1. Pipra aureola. 
Pipra aureola, linn. S. JV". i. p. 339; Desm, Tang. pi. 54; Hahn u, 
Kuster, Tog. Lief. ii. pi. 5; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 933; Cab.inin 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 696; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173; Cab, et Hein. 
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 91; &d. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Scl. et Sato. P.Z. S. 
1868, p. 168 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl p. 54; Pek. Orn. Bras. 

p. 127; Safo. Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above black; whole head and neck bright scarlet-red: beneath 
black; throat, breast, and middle line of belly scarlet, throat 
tinged with yellow; under wing-coverts and broad band across the 
inner webs of the remiges white; bend of wing yellowish; thighs 
yellow ; bill black; feet earueous *. whole length 4*5 inches, wing 
2*5, tail 1*2. Female. Olive: beneath yellowish, brighter on the 
middle of the belly. 

Hab. Guiana, Surinam, Cayenne, Venezuela, and Trinidad. 

294 PIPEID32. 
a. 2 ad. sk. S. America. H. 0. Rothery. Esq. 
[P.]. 
5, c. 2 jr. st.
d. S jr. sk.
e. d ad. sk.
f. d ad. sk.
V. 2 ad. sk. 
S. America. 
Surinam. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Pilar, Nueva Andalucia, VeneSalvin-
Godman Coll, 
i, $ ad. sk.
j . S ad. sk.
k. $ ad. sk.
I S ad. sk.
zuela (Qoering). 
Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela. 
Trinidad (Bouca?'d). 
Trinidad. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 

2. Pipra flavicollis. 
Pipra flavicollis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 143; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 248 j 861. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (Lower Amazons); iid. 
Nomenel. p. 54. 
Pipra aureola (ex Borba), Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126 (?). 

Similar to P. aureola, but throat and neck pure yellow, and 

outer rectrix "with a small white central spot. 
Hah. Lower Amazonia. 
This is clearly an intermediate form between P. aureola and 

P. fasciata. 
a. £ 
ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro ( Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. S ad sk. Rio Negro.- 
Purchased. 
c. $ ad. sk. Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Pipra fasciata. 
Pipra fasciata, d?Orb. et Zafr. Syn. Av.i. p. 38; aVOrb. Voy.f Ois. 
p. 295, pi. 80. fig. 1 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 173; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. 
li. p. 92; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Pelz. Ow. Bras. p. 127; Sel et 
Sah. Nomenel. p. 54; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (Lower Amazons), 
1873, p. 282 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 616 (Bolivia); Tacz. Orn. P4r.iL 
p. 337. 
Black; whole head and neck all round and breast yellow, with 
the feathers more or less tipped with crimson; belly and under 
wing-coverts yellow; a broad white band across the inner web of 
the wing-feathers, also across the base of the tail; bill blackish; 
feet brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1*2. Female. 
Dull olive: beneath paler, abdomen yellowish. 

Bab. Upper Amazonia, int. of Brazil and Bolivia. 

a. S ad. sk. S. America. 
Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.l 
b. S ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil (batterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Eio Parana (Natt&rer). Sclater Coll. 
e. 3 ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. <J ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [0.]. 
9. PIPRA. 295 
4. Hpra rubricapilla. 
Manacus rubrocapillus, Briss. AD. iv. p. 450. 
Pipra erythrocephala, var. 0, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339. 
Pipra rubricapilla, Temm. Pl.Col 54. fig. 3 ; d'Orb. Voi/.,Ois. p. 294 ; 


Bp. Consp. i. p. 173; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazons); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 127; Scl. et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl p. 54; Forbes, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 344 (N.E. Brazil); Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. 
p. 92. 
Pipra erythrocephala, Licht. Doubl. p. 29; Max. Beitr. hi. p. 422 ; 
Wagl Jfei'^1880, p, 933; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 443. 
Dixiphia rubricapilla, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6. 


Black; cap and thighs crimson-red ; under wing-coverts whitish ; 
bill and feet pale brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*2. 
Female, Above green : beneath paler ; under wing-coverts cinereous. 

Bab. Brazil and Amazonia. 

a,b. <5ad.; c. g Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ad.; d, e. 3 

jr. sk. 
f-'k. $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i~h. <3 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Gould Coll. 

I (5 ad. sk. Rio Olaro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Joyner). 
m, n. cS ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
o,p. 6 2 a<l-sk-Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Wldtely). 

q. <5 ad. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
5. Pipra chloromeros. 
Pipra chloromeros, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 271; id. Faun. 
Per., Aves, p. 144; Scl Cat. 4. B. p. 248; Scl et Salv. Nomencl 

p. 54 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 598 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1882, p. 22 (Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 339. 
Black; cap and nape crimson-red; thighs yellow; under wing-
coverts black; bill and feet pale brown : whole length 4-3 inches, 
wing 2*3, tail 1*3. Female, Green : beneath paler; under wing-

coverts whitish. 
Hah. Peru and Bolivia. 
a,b. 6 S ad. sk. 
c. 6 ad. gkd. 
<$ ad. sk. 
e. S ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
Cosmpata, Peru (Whitehj). 
Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia. 
Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

6. Pipra mentalis. 
Pipra mentalis, Scl P.Z. S. 1856, p. 299, pi. 121, et 1859, p. 385 
(Oaxaca) j id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 125 ; 

296 
PIPRTD^I. 

iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), et 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 54; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa 
Rica); Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 200 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 (Nicaragua); 
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica). 

Black; cap and nape crimson-red; spot on chin, thighs, and 
under wing-coverts lemon-yellow; bill and feet pale brown : whole 
length 4 inches, wing 2S, tail 1*2. Female. Green : beneath lighter ; 
belly yellowish ; under wing-coverts pale yellow. 

Hab. S. Mexico and Central America down to Panama. 

a, b. <$2 ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico (SalU). Purchased. 

c. 3 
ad. sk. Tizimin, N. Yucatan ( Gaumer). Salvin-Godman ColL 
d. 
3 ad. j e-g. $ Mugeres I., Yucatan ( Gaumer). Salvin-Godman ColL 
ad. sk. 
h. 3 
ad. sk. Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. 
3 ad. sk. Honduras. Purchased. 
3 ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h 

Vera Paz (Salvin). 
7c, 1 3 $ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m , n. 3 $ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 

0. 
3 ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). T weedcide ColL 
3 ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
P> 

3 ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f7


miol). 

r. 
3 ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. 
$ ad. ek. Turrialba, Costa Rica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3 $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
%u.

V. 
3 ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman ColL 
>, x. 3 ad.; y, z. Panama (MeLeannari). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u 

$ ad. sk. 
a)'. 3 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater ColL 


7. Pipra auricapilla. 
Manacus aurocapillus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 448, pi. 34. fig. 2. 
Pipra erythrocephala, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339 ; Juesm. Tang. pis. 60, 61 ; 
Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 261; JELahn u. Kust. Vog. Lief. xv. pi. 3. fig. 1; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 173. 
Piura auricapilla, Lieht. JDoubl. p. 29; Wagl. Ists, 1830, p. 934; Cab* 
in Scliomb. Guian. iii. p. 696; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 444; Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 457 (Gualaquiza); id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 127; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 92; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867, pp. 680 (L. Amazons), 751 (E. Peru), 
978 (Amazonia), 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 54 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad); Layard* 
Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para) ; Finsch, P. Z. S.1870, p. 573 (Trinidad); 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Santa Marta) ; Berl. J.f.O. 
1884, p. 304 (Bucaramanga); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (British 
Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 340. 
Shining black; cap golden yellow ; thighs crimson; bill and feet 
yellowish brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 0*9. 
Female. Green : beneath paler; middle of belly yellowish. 


Hah. Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Amazonia. 

9. PIPRA. 
207 
a, b. $ ad. sk. S. America. 

Purchased. 

c. <$ ad.; d. 3 
Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 

jr. sk. 

e. $ ad. sk S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 

f-> 9- 6 $ ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Kappler).

h. 3 ad. sk. George Town, Demerara. Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
t. tf ad. j y. (J Bartica Grove. Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Whitely).
&, I. $ J ad. sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 


{Whitely). 

m. 
<3 ad. sk. Biver Attapurow, Brit. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guiana (Whitely). 
n. 
^ ad. sk. Rorairna, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(WMtely). 
o. # ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wallace).

ad sk

p,q> 3 2--Biver Amazons ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

r. 3 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. J ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Tweeddale Coll. 
2. 
c? ad. sk. Ohyavetas, E. Peru (Bart-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lett). 
n. 3 jr. j ?;. $ Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
sk. 
w, x. 3 ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y, z. 3 ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a'. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b'-d'. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll. 
«'>/• cJ $ ad. sk Bucaramanga,TJ.S.C. (Minlos). Sclater Coll. 
^\ 2 ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll. 

(Goering). 
A'. 3 ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
*'. ^ ad. sk. Cauca, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, k\ 3 $ ad. sk. Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

{Simons). 

V. $ 
ad. sk. Chepo, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
8. Pipra leucocilla. 
Pipra leucocilla, Linn. S. K i. p. 340; Rahn u. Kuster, Tog. Lief. x. 
pi. 2; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173; 
Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 444; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114 
(Quijos), 1855, p. 122 (Bogota), et 1857, p. 265 (IT. Amazon); td. 
Cat. A. B. p. 249: Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 93; Wagl. 
Isis, 1830, p. 934; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (B. Ucayali)* 
1867, pp. 580 (L. Amazons), 751 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 283 (E 
Peru); tid.Mmencl p. 54; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149 et ]8/0, 

p. 200 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br. Guiana) ; Pelz. 
Orn. Bras, p 127; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Taess. 
P. Z S. 1882, p. 22 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 341 
Pipra leucocapilla, Gm. S. N. i. p. 1002; Besm. Tang. pi. 59; Max. 
Beitr. iii. p. 427. _nto « /T>. 
Pipra coracina, Scl P. Z. S. 1850, p. 29 (Bogota) et 1858, p. 71 (Bio 
Napo): id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Cab. et Rem Mus.Hem. ii. p. 93 ; 
Tacz.R Z. S. 1882, p. 22 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 342. 

298 
PIPEIDiE. 

Shining black; cap pure white ; bill and feet brown: whole 

length 3*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*3. Female. Above green; cap 

with a cinereous tinge: beneath paler; throat somewhat cinereous; 

middle of belly lighter. 

Hah. Veragua, and South America from Panama down to Peru 

and S.E. Erazil. 

After comparing a large series I am unable to draw a satisfactory 

line between the northern form which I formerly kept distinct (as 

P. coracina) and the southern birds. The former is perhaps 
somewhat larger and more intense in colour. 
a, b. d $ ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ jr. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. $ ad. sk. Santa ¥6, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Veragua (A?-cS). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Cordillera de Tole, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
i, j. 6 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types 

of P. coracinccj Scl.) 
Jc. J ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

I. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
o. $ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
p. $ ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
r. § ad. sk. R. Ucayali. 
Gould Coll. 
s. 
c? ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Hauz-Gould Coll. 
well). 
t. cf ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
u,v. <$ 2 a(i-sk. Chiromato, Peru (Stolzmann), Sclater Coll. 
w, a:, c? 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Wkitehj). 
y,z. $ $ ad. sk. Caniacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

( WMtely). 
a\V. ($2 ad.sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
c\ <$ ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam (Kap-Salvin-Godman Coll. 

pler). 
d', e\ S 2 ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 

Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

jr.; i'ff. $ad. 

sk. 

7c'. 
<$ ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 

V. 2 ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m'. cf ad.; n\ <$ Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 

Pipra isidori 
Pipra isidori, Sclater, Rev.
Rev.Rev. Zool. 
Zool.Zool. 1852 
18521852.
.. p 
pp.
.. 9; id. Contr. Orn. 1852, 

p. 132, pi. 100.fig.1; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114 (Ecuador), etl855, p. 152 
(Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54 : 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii, p. 342. 
Black; cap pure white; rump pale lilac-blue ; bill and feet brown: 

9. PIPRA. 
299 
whole length 2-7 inches, wing 1-9, tail 0*9. Female. Green, bcneath 
paler; middle of belly yellowish. 
Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. $ 
ad.; b, c. $ Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
d, e. <$ ad.;/. $ Bogota. Purchased. 
ad. sk. 

g. <$ ad. sk. Colombia. Gould Coll. 
fly i. 6 ad.; j. $ Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
Jc. 3 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I 3 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 

m. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10. Pipra velutina. 
Pipra 
cyaneocapilla, Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 149, et 1870, p. 200 
(Veragua); Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 3G2 (Panama), et 1879, 

p: 517 (Antioquia). 
Pipra velutina, Bed. Ibis, 1883, p. 492. 
Black ; front Mack ; cap bright blue ; bill and feet black: whole 
length 3*1 inches, wing 2% tail 1-1. Female. Green, beneath 
paler ; middle of belly yellowish. 

Hah, Yeragua, Panama, and Colombia. 
This Northern form is distinguishable from P. cyaneocapilla by its 
black front, black rump, and more intense black colour. 

a. 3 
ad.; b. <$ jr. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Ar& Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
c. S jr. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Panama (McZeannan). Sclater Coll. 
*,/. 
S ad.,*#, Panama (McZeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 

h. 
cT ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Isthm. of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama (McZeannan). 
i. S 
ad. sk. Bemedios, Antioquia, IJ. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
11. Pipra cyaneocapilla. 
Pipra cyaneocapilla, Hahn u. Kiister, Vog. Lief. xv. pi. 3. fig. 2 (1822) *, 
Wagl. Iszs, 1830, p. 934; Bp. Comp. i. p. 174; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. 

p. 445; Cab. et Eein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 93; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 249 ; 
Pel*. Orn. Bras. p. 128; Scl. et Salv. No-mend. p. 54; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 190 (R Ucayali), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751 (E.Peru), 
et p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 343. 
Pipra coronata, Spir, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pi. 7.fig.1 (1825) ; Zafr. Rev. 
Zool 1847, p. 70; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1854, p. 114 (Quijos), et 1857, 

p. 265 (IL Amazons). 
Pipra herbacea, Spies, Av. Bras. ii. p. 6, pi. 8a. fig. 1 ( $ ); Sclater, 
P.Z.S. 1854, p. 114. 
Black• cap bright blue• rump with a pale bluish tinge: whole 
length 3*4 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*4. 
Eab. Amazonia, 

300 PIPEIDiE. 

a, b. <$ J ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. cJ ad. sk. R. Amazons. Purchased. 

e. $ ad. sk. Ega, Amazons. Purchased. 
/. d jr. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
h. $ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (HauxwelV). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. (S jr. sk. River Huallaga (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
jjk. (S ad.sk. Peruvian Amazons (HauMoell), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. <$ ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
m. J ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
12. Pipra caeruleocapilla. 
Pipra casruleoeapilla, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 271; id. Faun. 
Per., Av. p. 145 • Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782 (S. Peru): iid. 
Nomencl. p. 54• Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 539 (C. Peru); id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 344. 

Black; cap and rump blue: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2*4, 

tail!-2. 
Hab. Peru. 
This little-known species has a conspicuous blue rump like the 


head, and is quite distinct. 

13. Pipra serena. 
Pipra serena, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340 • JDesm. Tang. pi. 62; Vteill Gal. 
Ois. iii. p. 95, pi. 72 • Wagl Isis, 1830, p. 935; Bjp. Consp. i. p. 173 • 
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 93; 
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 249 ,* Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54. 

Black; frontal plumes erect, white; rump blue; spot in the 
middle of the breast and belly yellow; bill and feet dark brown : 
whole length 3*2 inches, wirig 2, tail 0*9. 

Hab. Cayenne. 

a. c? ad. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
d. <5 ad. sk. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
14. Pipra suavissima. 
Pipra suavissima, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 79, pi. i. (Brit. Guiana) j 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br. Guiana). 

Pipra serena, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697 (?). 

Black; vertical plumes erect, white, with a slight bluish tinge on 
the posterior border • rump bright lilac; middle of abdomen deep 
orange: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1*2. Female. 
Green, beneath paler; abdomen yellow. 

Hab. British Guiana. 

The white vertex, and the want of the yellow spot on the breast, 
as also the deep orange colour of the belly, at once distinguish this 
fine species from P. serena. 

9. PIPKA. 
a, b. dad.; c. tf ^urn ? Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.; <Z, & 5 ad. sk. ( Whitely). (Types of the species.) 
f, g. d ad- sk Merume Mts. {Whitely). Sclater Coll. 

A. ^ ad. sk KiverAttapnrow(M^Zy). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
tj d 2 ad. sk. Roraima (JF&k/y). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
hi S 2 ad. sk. Roraima (Whitely). Sclater Coll 
•m, n. (J ? ad.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman CoU. 
o. d jr. sk. ( WMtely). 
15. Pipra guttnralis. 
Pipra gutturalis, Linn. 8. iV. i. p. 340; JDesm. Tana. pis. 63, 65Wagl 
Isis, 1830, p. 935; Bp. Comp. i p. 174; Burm. Suet. Ueb. 
IL p. 44o;fife?. Cat ^L B. p. 250; #eZ. ef 8alv. Komencl. p. 54; 
&/e. Ibis, 1835, p. 300 (Br. Guiana). F ' 
Pipra perspicillata, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 935; Bp. Comp. i. p. 174Burm. 
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445 ($>). 
Coropipo gutturalis, CaS. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 94. 
Shining black; whole throat extending to middle of the breast 
and a large patch on the under surface of the wings white; bill 
brown, base of lower mandible whitish; feet brown: whole length 
3-3 inches, wing 2% tail 1-1. Female. Green, beneath paler, 
throat whitish. 
Hah Guiana and Cayenne. 


a. d ad. «*• Cayenne. Purchased. 
bfc. d 2 ^ sk» Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
d. d ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 
d ad.; /, g. d Bartica Grove, Brit Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. 8k. (JVhitely). 
k. ($ ad.; i d Merume* Mts., Brit Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ir.sk. (Whitely). 
/ 
, %. 6 2 ad. sk. Camtteusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 

10. Pipra leucorrhoa. 
Pipra leucorrhoa, 
ScL JP. Z. S. 1863, p. 63, pi. x. (Colombia); 8alv. 
JP.Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872, 
pp. 313, 318 (Nicaragua); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 116 
(Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Eica) ; Sd. et 
Salv. Momenel p. 54; Boucard, JP. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Eica); 
Berl J.f. 0.1884, p. 305 (Bucaramanga). 

Shining black; throat and crissum white; under surface of wings 
dark ashy; biE cinereous, paler beneath; feet pale brown: whole 
length 3*5 inches, wing 2'2, tail 1*2. Female. Green, beneath 
paler, throat whitish. 

Hah Costa Rica, Yeragua, Panama, and Colombia. 

The white tip to the crissal feathers and the want of the white 
blotch on the under surface of the wings distinguish this species 
from P. gutturalis* 
a., d ad- sk Chontales, Nicaragua {Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll 

b. d 
a i sk. Angostura, Costa Rica {Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mid,) 
302 
PIPKID^l. 

c. <$ ad.sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (ylrc£). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ 
jr.; e. $ ad. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
/. 
S ad.; g, k 3 Santa F<$, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 

d 2 aa< s^


h h Oalovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7c, £ ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (ArcS). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. i 
I, m. 3 $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arci). Sclater Coll. 

n. 
$ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman ColL 
a<l. s^

o. 
2 Southern slope, Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
p. 
S ad. ; q. <$ jr. Bogota, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
sk. (Types of the species.) 
17. Pipra nattereri. 
Pipra nattereri, Scl P.Z.S. 1864, p. 611, pi. 39; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
p. 127; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54. 
Bright green; cap and rump pure white: beneath yellow; throat 
greenish: whole length 3 inches, wing 2, tail 1. Female. Green ; 
cap bluish: beneath paler, middle of belly yellow. 

Hob. Borba, Rio Madeira. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Borba (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
18. Pipra virescens. 
Pipra virescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 128, 187 ,* Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 54; Tacz. P. Z.S. 1882, 

p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 345; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 
1883, p.208(Brit. Guiana); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Brit. Guiana). 

Pipra sp. inc., Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru). 

Tyranneutes brachyurus, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 269; ef. Salv. 

et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 208. 

Green; concealed spot on vertex yellow; beneath paler, middle of 
belly yellowish : whole length 2*8 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1. Female 
similar, but without the head-spot. 

Mob. Amazonia and Guiana. 

In accordance with the opinions of Graf v. Pelzeln and Messrs. 
Salvin and Godman I unite Tyranneutes braehijurus to Pipra 
virescens. But I remark that all the specimens of the latter of both 
sexes (as determined by the collector) have a well-marked yellow 
vertical spot, which is either absent or barely discernible in the 
Amazonian bird. I have therefore arranged these forms as two subspecies. 


a. Subsp. typica. 
a. S 
ad. sk. Bio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen of P. vireseem.) 
b. Ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater CoH. 
c. § ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman OolL 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bart- Salvin-Godman ColL 
lett). 
10. NEOPIPO.—11. MACHJEBOPTERUS. 303 
e. s ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlott \OX 
f. 2 ad sk. Ckyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlott [C.1. 
7, h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*. Ad.sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp. hracJiyura. 
a b. S ?ad . sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
_ ( Whitely). (Types of Tyranneutes br achy urns.) 

c. 
$ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
{Whitely). 
d,e. d 
$ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 


J. 
S ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
( Whitely). 
g. 
<5 ad. sk. Oarimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
10. 
NEOPIPO. 
Type. 
Neopipo, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S.1869, p. 438 ,.. . N. cinnamomea. 
The single species of this genus seems to be closely allied to 
Pipra, but has a smaller and more constricted bill. It is also 
divergent in its generally rufous coloration. 

1. Neopipo cinnamomea. 
Pipra cinnamomea, Laivr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1868, p. 429. 
Neopipo rubicunda, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 438, pi. 30. fig. 3. 
Neopipo cinnamomea, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); 


iid. Mmenel p. 54; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana); Tacz. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 346. 

Above bright fulvous red; head and neck dusky cinereous, with a 
yellow or reddish vertical spot: below rather paler, throat more or 
less cinereous; bill and feet pale brown: whole length 3-5 inches, 
wing 2*1, tail 1*5. 

Hab. Amazonia and British Guiana. 

a. S jr. sk, Chamicuros, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. £ ad. sk, Chamicuros, Peru. " E. Bartlett [C."j. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, g. d ? ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

11. MACHJEROPTERUS. Type 
Machseropterus, Bp. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 6 (1854) ... . M. regulns. 
This brilliant little group of four species is remarkable for the 
abnormal structure of the secondary wing-feathers in the male, 
which 1 have described below. It is restricted to Colombia, 
Amazonia, and Brazil. 

PIPBIDJ3. 

304 

Key to the Species, 

A. 
Plumage below striated. 
a, Cap scarlet: 
J no crimson on breast . 1. regulus, p. 304. 
{breast stained with crimson 2. striolatus, p. 804. 

b. Cap yellow, with a scarlet band 3. pyocephalus,ji.^Qo. 
B. Plumage below dark chestnut 4. deliciosus, p. 305. 
1. MachaBropterus regulus. 
Pipra regulus, Halm u. Kiister, Vog. Lief. iv. pi. 4. Hgs.a, b (1821). 
Pipra strigilata, Max. Reis. Bras. i. p. 187 (1822); id. Beitr. iii. 


p. 430; Temm. PL Col. 54. figs. 1, 2 ; Licht. Doubl. p. 29; Sio. 
B.Brazil,])!. 25 : Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445. 
Pipra lineata, Thunb. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 1822, p. 284, pi. 8. fig. 1. 
Machaeropterus strigilatus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6. 
Machgeropterus regulus, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Rein. ii. p. 94; Sol. Ibis, 

1862, p. 176 (S.E. Brazil); id. Cat A. B. p. 250; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 128; Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 54. 
Above green; wings and tail dark slaty, more or less edged 
with green; crown scarlet: beneath white, breast greenish, abdomen 
flammulated with rufous; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet 
reddish: whole length 3*3 inches, wing 2, tail 0*9. Female similar 
but paler below, and with the crown green like the back. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. 8 ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
b, c. 8 2 
acL? d. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-GodmanColl. 
8 jr. sk. 

e. 8 ^d. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. 8 ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
(/. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman ColL 
h, i. 8 S ad. sk. Brazil. Gould ColL 

j, k. 8 ad.; I, m. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 

2 
ad. sk. 

2. Machaeropterus striolatus. 
Pipra striolata, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 122; id. Consp. i. p. 174; Gray et 
Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 274, pi. 67. fig. 2; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 
(Bogota), 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon), et 1858, p. 72 (Rio Kapo). 

Pipra strigilata, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 936. 

Machaeropterus striolatus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 94; Scl. 
Ibis, 1862, p. 176 (Venezuela); id. Cat. A. B. p. 250; Scl et 
Salv. Nomenel p. 54; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867, 

p. 751 (E. Peru) et p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru), 
1879, p. 517 (Antioquia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 347; Berl J.f. 0. 1884, p. 305 (Bucaramanga). 
Above green; crown scarlet: beneath, throat greyish white, 
breast more or less stained with scarlet; belly densely covered with 
white and dark chestnut stripes: under wing-coverts white: bill 
and feet brown: whole length 3*3 inches, wing 2, tail 0*9. Female 
similar, but crown green and much less distinctly striped below. 

11 . M^CHJBROIPTEIUJS. 
305 

Hah. Colombia and Amazonia. 
This northern representative of M. regulus may be distinguished 
by its breast being stained with scarlet, and the darker and moro 
numerous flammulations of the abdomen. 

a. <3 ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
6. rf ad. sk. River Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
c,d. 
tf $ ad. sk. Ckamicuros, E. Peru (Haiuv- J. Gould ESQ 
loell). ' ^* 


e. S ad. sk. Pebaa, E. Peru (llauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, g. 6 ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Kemedios, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
i. S ad.;,/.Jr sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k,l. 6 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk. Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Machseropterus pyocephalus. 
Pipra pyrocephala, Scl. Pev. Zool. 1852, p. 9 5 id. Contr. Orn. 1852, 

p. 132, t. xcvii. iig. 1. 
Machseropterus 
pyocephalus, Scl. Ibis, 1802, p. 176 (Peruvian 
Amazons); Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 128; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 139; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 346. 
Above brownish rose-eolour, sides of head and wings green; 

crown bright yellow, with a broad central scarlet stripe: beneath 

pale rosy cinereous, with slight longitudinal stripes of darker 

colour; thighs and flanks chestnut; tail dark ashy, with the feathers 

stiffened; bill 
above dark horn-colour, below paler: feet pale 

reddish *. whole length 3 inches, wing 2*1, tail 0*9. Female green, 

beneath paler. 

Bob. Interior of Brazil, and Amazonia. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Wato Grosso, Brazil Sclater Coll. 
(Natter er). 
b. $ ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c?, d. <$ ad.; Eiver Ucayali (Eauxwell). J. Gould, Esq. 
e. § ad.sk. 
4. Machaeropterus deliciosus. 
Pipra deliciosa, Scl P. Z. S. I860, p. 90. 
Machseropterus deliciosus, Scl. Ibis, 1862, p. 176, pi. vi. (W. Ecuador) 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 250; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54. 

Above dark chestnut, front part of crown scarlet; wings and tail 

black: beneath similar, flanks and under wing-coverts white; bend 

of wing yellowish; bill black; feet pale. flesh-colour: whole length 

3*3 inches, wing 2*5, tail 0-9. Female. Olive-green; beneath paler; 

belly and under wing-coverts yellowish. 

Sab. Ecuador. 

The chestnut body 
at once distinguishes this peculiar species, 

VOL. xiv. 
x 

PirEIDiE. 

which also shows the peculiar wing-structure of the males of this 
genus in a marked degree. This maybe described as follows:— 
The ten primaries are of the ordinary formation of birds of this 
family, the first being shorter than the second, third, and fourth, 

d e f 

Secondaries of Machceropterus deliciosus. (P. Z. S. 1860, p. 90.) 

a, h. Fifth and sixth secondaries of male Machesropterus deliciosus, from above. 

c. Seventh secondary, from beneath, d, e. Fifth and sixth secondaries of 
female, from above. / . Seventh secondary of female, from beneath. 
which are nearly equal and longest, and of about the same length 
as the sixth. The first three secondaries are thick-stemmed and 
curved towards the body at a distance of about two thirds of their 
length from the base. The fourth and fifth show this structure to 
a greater degree, with some corresponding alteration in the barbs on 
eacn side, as may be seen by comparing fig. a, representing the 
upper surface of the fifth secondary of the male bird, with fig. d, 
which gives a similar view of that of the female. ID the sixth and 
seventh secondaries of the male the terminal half of the rhachis is 

12 . CHIKOXIPHIA. 
307 

thickened to an extraordinary degree, forming a solid horny lump* 
The external and internal barbs are also much modified in shape 
and generally curtailed in size. Fig. h gives an upper view of the 
sixth, and % . c an under view of the seventh secondary. The 
corresponding feathers of the female, representing the normal 
structure, are seen in fig. e and fig. /. In the eighth and ninth 
secondaries the rhacliis is still rather thickened: but the barbs 
(pogonia), instead of being reduced in size, are highly developed, 
particularly on the inner side. It was observed by Mr. Eraser that 
the wing-bones of these birds are also much thickened, no doubt in 

aid of this abnormal structure of the remiges. 

a, I. 6 ? ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser), Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
c, d. <$ ad.; (5. J Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
/ . J ad. sk. 
gm $ ad. sk. 
^. (5 ad. sk. 
i*. cJ ad. sk. 
y. <j ad. sk. 
Sical, Ecuador (BuGkley).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Ecuador.
Ecuador.
Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

12. 
CHIBOXIPHIA. 
Type. 
Chiroxrphia, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847) C. caudata. 
Chiroprion, Bp. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 5 (1854) ...... C. pareola." 
Cercophsena, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854)...... C. linearis. 
OMroanpMa is another little bright-plum aged group of six species, 
all well distinguished, and ranging from Guatemala to S. Brazil and 
the borders of La Plata. It is so called from the pointed ends and 
thickened stems of the primaries in the males. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Tail square at end. 
i Crest red ,.. 1. pareola, p. 307. 
I Crest yellow ,.. . 2. regina, p. 308. 
B. Middle rectrices lengthened. 
a. Body below black. 
| Middle rectrices shorter, pointed 3. Icmceolata, p. 309. 
I Middle rectrices long, lineiform 4. linearis, p. 309. 
b. Body below blue 
5. cemdaba, p. 310, 
1. Chiroxiphia pareola. 
Pipra 
pareola, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 339; JDesm. Tang. pi. 50 $ Kittl 
Kupfert. d. Vog. p. 14, t. xviii. fig. 1 ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 418; 
Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 932; Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 44; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 172. 
Manacus superbus, Pall Spic. Zool i. p. 8, pis. 3, 4. 
Pipra superba, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 999. 
x2 

,308 
PIPEID^I. 

Chiroxiphia pareola, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. 1. p. 23o; id. in 
ScTiomb. Guian. iii. p. 695; Cab. etHein.Mus.Hem. ii. p. 96; Scl.Cat. 

A. B. p. 251 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 129; Scl. et Sate. NomencL p. 55 ; 
iik. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia); 
Bayard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Forbes, litis, 1881, p. 344 
(Pernambuco); Sate. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (British Guiana). 
Chiroprion pareola, Bp. Consp. Vol. Afiisod. p. 5. 

Above and beneath black; mantle blue; large vertical crest 
crimson ; beak black ; feet yellow : whole length 4*6 inches, wing 
2-8, tail 1*9. Female. Olive-green ; beneath paler, more yellowish. 


Hah. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Bolivia. 

a. c? ad. sk. British G-uiana. B. Geogr. Soc. [P.]. 
b. <$ jr. st. S. America. 
Purchased. 
c. cS jr« st. S. America. 
H. C. Rothery, E^q. 
d. e. c? jr. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
/• S sk. Demerara. 
J. Gould, Esq. 

g. 5 sk. Tobago (Kirk) (?). Jardine Coll. 
h, i. $ ad. sk. Para {Layai-d). Tweeddale ColL 
j, k. $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sah in-Godman Coll. 
1) w» 6 ? ad.; n. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3 jr. sk. 

o,p. 6 J ad.; q. Bakia, Brazil ( Wucherer), Salvin-Godniaa Cull. 
<$ jr. sk. * 


r. cS ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Bio de Salvin-Godman ColL 
Janeiro (Youds). 
s. 
$ ad. sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coil 
(Joyner). 
t. 
£ ad.; u. c? Brazil. Sclater ColL 
jr. sk. 
v. <$ jr. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
w, x. (S ad.; y. $ Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

ad. ; as, &r. $ (Buckley). 
jr. sk. 
&',V. d $ ad.sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclater Coll. 

(Buckley). 
d\ $ ad. sk. Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman ColL 

2. ChiroxipMa regina. 
Pinra regina, Watt, in Mm. Yindob. 
Chiroxiphia regina, Sclater, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xvii. 

p. 469; id. P. Z S. 1857, p. 266 (U. Amazon); id. Cat A. B. 
p. 251, pi. xx.; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 95 ; Pelz, Orn. Bras. 
p. 129; Scl. et Sate. NomencL p. 55; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 283 
(E. Peru). 
Similar to (7. pareola, but vertical crest yellow. 

Hab. Upper Amazonia. 
a. J ad, st. Bio Javari. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Rio Javari. Purchased. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
d. tf ad. sk. 
Upper Amazons (Bates). 
S. America. 
Sclater ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

12. CHIROXIPHIA. 
300 

3. Chiroxiphia knceolata. 
Pipra melanocephala, TieilL Enc. M6th. p. 389 (?) ; Bp, P. Z. S. 
1837, p. 113. 
Pipra pareola, Hahn u. Kiister, Vdg. Lief. xvi. pi. 4. 
Pipra lanceolate 7Fa^. Isis, 1830, p. 931. 
Pipra pareolides, d'Orb. et Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 1G5. 
Chiroxiphia melanocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 ; tfc/a/er, P. £. & 
1855, p. 161 (Bogota), et 1856, p. 141 (CliiriquiJ. 
Chiroxiphia lanceolata, Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 96; Scl. Cat 

A. B. p. 251; Scl. etSalv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 302 (Panama), 1808, 
pp. 168, 628 (Venezuela); iid. NomencL p. 55 ; #«/*;. P. #. S. 
1867, p. 150, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua); Fitisch, P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. 574 (Trinidad) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 202 (Colombia). 
Above and beneath, black; mantle blue; vortical crest scarlet; 
fcwo middle rectrices elongated and pointed; bill horn-colour ; feet 
yellow : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2. Female, Green; 
beneath paler; under wing-coverts ashy white. 

Hab. Veragua, Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad. 

a. <$ ad. sk.
b, $ ad.; c. $
jr. sk. 
Calovevora, Veragua {Arce). 
Santa Fe, Veragua (ArcS). 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk.
e. rTad.sk. 
Mina de Chorcha, Ohiriqui(ArcS). 
Chiriqui. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Capt. Kellett & Lieut. 
/ . £ ad. sk.
g, h. <$ § ad.; i.
$ jr. sk. 
/. S ad. sk.
k. tfad.;Z. <$ 
Paraiso Station, Panama{Hughes). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Panama (McLeanmn). 
Manaure, Santa Marta,U.S.C.
Wood [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk.
m. S ad. sk. 
{Simons). 
Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
n. S ad. sk.
o tf ad.sk. 
Pilar, Venezuela (Goering). 
San Esteban, Venezuela. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Ooll. 
pa. 
S ir sk. 
<$ ad. sk. 
Venezuela {Goering). 
Venezuela. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
r.
5 
6 jr. sk. 
tfad.sk. 
Trinidad. 
Trinidad. 
Sclater OoU. 
Gould Coll. 

4. ChiroxipMa linearis. 
Pipra linearis, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 113; Gould, Zool Voy. Sulph., 
B. p. 40, pi. 20. 
Chiroxiphia linearis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 251; 
Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124 (Central America); iid. NomencL 


p. 55; Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 100, 1866, p. 203 (Guatemala), 1872, 
p. 318 (Nicaragua); Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 95; Cab. 
J. f. 0. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Later. Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. 
p."116 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; 
Boucard, P. Z.S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica); Bidgw. P. U.S. N. M. 
v. pp. 396, 500 (Costa Rica), et vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua). 
PIPBIDJS. t

310 

Pipra fastuosa, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 174 

Cercophaena linearis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6. 

Above and beneath black ; back except rump bright blue: vertical 
crest scarlet; two central tail-feathers excessively elongated, lineiform 
; bill dark horn-colour; feet yellow : whole length to end of 
lateral tail-feathers 4*3 inches, wing 2*3, of central tail-feathers 
from their bases 6*7. Female. Green, beneath paler; two central 

tail-feathers slightly elongated. 
Bab. Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. 

a. tf ad. * b. $ 
jr. st. 
o, d. <$ J ad. sk. 

e. cTjr.sk. 
/. S ad. sk. 

ff- 6 jr. sk. 

h,i. <J$ad.$ y-J. 
<$ jr. sk. 

m. $ ad. sk. 
n. $ ad. sk. 
o. <$ ad. sk. 
p. c? ad. sk. 
q. c? ad. sk. 
r. S ad. sk. 
s. 
(S ad. sk. 
t. 
dad.; it,, ^jr. 
sk. 
v. 5 ad. sk. 
to. c? ad.,* x. <$ 
jr. sk. 
y, z. $ ad. sk. 

a'. S ad. sk. 

Central America. 

Volcan de Agua, above San 
Diego (Salvin). 
La Trinidad, Volcan de 
Fuego (Salmi). 
Medio Monte, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 

Medio Monte, Guatemala 

(Salvm), 

Savana Grande, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 

Savana Grande, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 

Savana Grande, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 

Guatemala. 
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt), 
Nicaragua. 
Nicaragua. 
Nicaragua. 
Bebedero, Nieoya, Costa Rica 


(Arce). 
Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
San Juan, Costa Rica 

(Frantzius). 

Irazu district, Costa Rica 

(Rogers). 
Costa Rica (Van Ratten). 

Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.l 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, E*q. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman CoE. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Sclater Coll. 

5. ChiroxipMa caudata. 
Pipra caudata, Shaw, Nat. Misc. v. pi. 153 (1794) ; Thunb. Mem 
Acad. Retersb. 1822, pi. 7. fig. 1; Spix, Av. Bras. ii p. 5, pi. 6* 
figs. 1, 2; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 930 j Sw. Orn. Dr. pi 45: Burm. 
Sgst. TIeb. ii. p. 441; Eider, J.f.O. 1867, p. 223 (nest). 

Chiroxiphia caudata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 235; Bp. Qmsp 
I p. 171 j Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 251; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 129: SeL 
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 305 (Brazil): 
White, R. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg. Rep.); Berl et Jher.Zeitmhr. 
ges. Orn. 1885, p. 138 (Rio Grande do Sul) j Scl et Muds. Arg. 
Orn. i. p. 161. * 

Pipra longicauda, VieUl. Noun. Diet. xix. p. 163 (1817) • id Em 
MSth. p. 388; Kitil. Kupfert. d. Tog. p. 14, pi. 18. % 2-*Max 

13. HEtictrRA. 
311 
Beitr. iii. p. 413; Bp. P. Z.S. 1837, p. 113; Burm. Sust. Ueb. ii. 

p. 442. tr * j 
Chiroxiphia longicauda, Cab. in Schomb. Oman. iii. p. 095; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 171. 

Above blue; wings, nape, and sides of head "black; cap bright 
scarlet; tail black, two central feathers elongated, bluish: beneath 
blue; throat black; bill and feet horn-colour : whole length 6 
inches, wing 3*1, tail 2-5. Female. Green, beneath brighter. 

Hab. Brazil, Paraguay, and northern frontier of Argentina. 

a, b. cS ? ad. sk. Brazil. 
Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.]. 

c. S jr. st. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
d. J jr. st, Brazil. 
Purchased. 
e. S 
ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (Youds). 
fj&- 
<$ ? ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 

h. 
(S ad. sk. Santa Pe", Minas Geraes Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Rogers), 
i. £ 
ad.; j, h. <$ Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
I. c? ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. 
J ad.; n. $ Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Rogers), 
o. 
(S ad.; p. £ Brazil, Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
q. <? ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, E&q. 
r, s. 2 ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P,], 
t. 
J ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
u. S jr« sk. Misiones, Arg. Rep. (White). Sclater Coll. 
13. HELICTJEA* 
Hicura, Reichenb. Av. Syst. pi. lxiii. (1850) H. militaris. 
Heilicura, Salvin, Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 320 (1882) H. militaris. 

The single Brazilian species which has been isolated under this 
name is certainly very closely allied to CJitrowipMa, and might 
perhaps be united to it. But although the frontal feathers are 
erect and stiffened, there is no vertical crest, and the outer primary 
is more shortened. 

1. Helicura militaris. 
Pipra militaris, Shaw, JStat. Misc. xx. p. 849; Wagl. Ids, 1830, 
p. 931; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 441. 
Chiroxiphia militaris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 235. 
llicura militaris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 96; Scl. Cat. A. B. 
p. 250; Felz. Orn. Bras. p. 129; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 305 
(Brazil) ; Scl. et *Salv. Nomencl. p. 54. 
Heilicura militaris, SaU. Cat. Strichl. Coll p. 320. 


* Presumed derivation rjXiZ and ovpd (?). 
312 
PIPEIDiE. 

Pipra rubrifrons, Vieill Nouv. Diet, six. p. 161; id. Enc. Meth. 

p. 388. 
Pipra oxyura, Nordm. in Erm. Eeis. Atl p. 12, pi. 9. figs. 1, 2. 
Chiroxiphia oxyura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, L p. 235. 
Above jet-black ; erect frontal plumes and rump bright scarlet; 
secondaries externally bright green; tail black: beneath white; 
bill and feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2'5t 
'Female, Green, beneath paler; throat cinereous. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Brazil. Ld. Stuart de Rothesay 
[P.]. 
b. S 
ad. st. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
c. § ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
d. $ 
ad sk. Bio Janeiro, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 3 
ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 
(S ad. sk. Santa Fe, Minas Geraes Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Rogers). 
g. $ jr. sk B-io Olaro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Joyner). 
h, i. c? 2 a<l-sk. Brazil, Gould Coll. 
sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

14. CHIBOHACKZEEIS, 
Type. 
Chiromachaeris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch, xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847). C. manacus. 
Manacus, Gray (ex Brisson), Cat. Gen. 1855, p. 55 ... . C- manacus. 

This t little group consists of seven species, distributed over 
.America from Guatemala to S. Brazil. It is sufficiently characterized 
by the peculiar modification of the primaries, which are much 
attenuated in the barbs, and have the stems thickened and curved 
inwards, and by the elongation of the throat-feathers. 

. Yery little is known of the nesting of the Pipridse. But Salmon 
has recorded that Chiromackceris manacus " builds a shallow nest of 
grasses suspended from the fork of a branch in low shrubs/" The 
same collector obtained eggs of O, vitellina^ which are figured 

P.Z.S. 1879, pi. xlii. ^g. 10. See also Euler, J. f. 0. 1867, 
p. 223. 
Key to the Species. 

A. 
Throat pure white : 
j belly white ....*,„ 1. manaem, p. SIS. 
< belly grey 2. gutturosa, p. 314. 
( belly yellow 3. candm, p. 314. 
B. Throat faintly tinged with yellow 
4. Jlaveola, p. 315. 
C. 
Throat yellow: 
(throat pure yellow 5. mtelKna, p. 315. 
j throat orange-yellow 6. aurantiaca, p. 316. 
D. Throat black , 
7. coromta, p. 316. 
14 - CHIROMACHiERIS. 
313 

1. Chiromachaeris manacus. 
Pipra manacus, Linn. 8 N. i. p. 340; Gm. 8. K i. p. 1002; Lath 

Ind. Orn. ii. p. 560 ; 
VieilL Em. Metk p. 204. 

Manakin du Brazil, Daub. PL Etd. 302. %. 1 (?). 

ChiromachaBria manacus, Cab. Wietpn. Arch. 1847, i. p. 285 • R 

%n Schomb. Guian. iii. p. GOG; Cab. et Mom. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. 90; 
Sclat.P.Z.8. 18(30, pp. 89, 279, 296 (Ecuador); id. Cat A. P. 

jPefe 0m' Bms' 130' ,SH

ft „J-P-' ^ <SV^-Nomencl. p. 55: «V7. 

P. Z.8. 1866, p. 507 (Peru), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751 
(E Jeru)> P- 978

- (Amazonia), lb73, p. 288 (E. Peru), 1879, 
p. 51/ (Antioquia); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad); Fnuch, 
P. Z. A. 1870, p. 578 (Trinidad); Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 384 (Para) : 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 1G9 (Sta. Marta); Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 301 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Pom); id. 
Om. Per. ii. p. 349 ; Tacz. et JBerl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559 
(W. Ecuador). 
Manacus edwardsii, Pp. Consp. i. p. 171; 8clat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 151. 
Pipra edwardsii, Burnt. 8yst. Ueb. ii. p. 447. 
Above, crown, interscapulium, wings, and tail black; rump 
cinereous; broad band across the upper back and body beneath, 
white ; flanks and crissum tinged with cinereous ; bill black; feet 
pale brown: "whole length 4 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*3. Female. 
Green, beneath, rather lighter. 

Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and 
Peru. 

a. S ad. sk. British Guiana. It. Geogr. Soc. [P.]. 
b. S ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. d. S S ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
e. S 
ad, sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
ft ff- d $ a(i-sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll 
X $ ad. sk. Trinidad. .T. Gould, Esq. 
%. S ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Mauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, h. 6 $ ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
I cJ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. <5 ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o, p. <$ 2 ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Eraser). Sclater Coll. 

a. S ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
r. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
s} t (3 ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 

u. 
d ad. ; v. <S Minca, Santa Marta, U.S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (Simons). 
2. CMromachseris gutturosa. 
Manakin a tete noire de Cayenne, Daub. B.Enl 303. fig. 1 (?). 
Pipra manacus, var. ^Gmel.S. N. L p. 1002 
Pipra manacus, Max. Beitr. in. p. 432; Wagl. Iszs, 1830, p. 939, 


L. Orn. Dr. pi. 26; Burm. Syst. Ueb. n. p. 446 j Euler, J. /. O. 
1867, p- 223 (nest). 
314 PIPREDiE. 

Pipra gutturosa, Desm. Tang. pi. 58; Vieill. Nouv. Diet, six. p, 161; 

id. Em. Mtth. p. 387 j Hahn u. Fiiste?*, Yog. Lief. xvi. pi. 5. 
Manacus gutturosus, Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 171. 
Chiromachaeris gutturosa, Sclater, P. Z. B. 1854, p. 114 (Bio Napo); 

id. Cat A. B. p. 252; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 97; Pet. 
Om. Bras. p. 130; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 114 (Brazil) ; Hamilton, Ibis, 
1871, p. 305 (Brazil); Bel et Bah. Nommcl. p. 55. 

Above, crown, middle of back, wings, and tail black; ramp cinereous 
; nuchal band white : beneath, throat white, abdomen cinereous; 
bill black; feet pale brown: whole length 4*8 inches, wing 2, tail 
1-3. Female. Green, beneath paler. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. (S a,d. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Bio {Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
e,f. $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Jot/ner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. 3 2 ad.; Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

i. <S jr. sk. 
j. (S ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman ColL 
k, I. S ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
3. Chiromachaeris caadaei. 
Pipra candei, Parzud. Bev. ZooL 1841, p. 306; id. Mag. de ZooL 
1843, Ois. pi. 45. 
Manacus candei, Bp. Consp. i. p. 171; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 299; 
Sclat. et Bah. Ibis, 1859, p. 124. 
Chiromachaeris candsfei, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 97; Set. Cat. 

A. B. p. 252; Frantz. J. f. O. I860, p. 310 (Costa Rica); Scl. et 
Salv. P.Z.S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); md. MomencL p. 55: 
Boucard, P. Z. S.1878, p. m (Costa Bica). 
Above, crown, narrow interscapulium, wings, and tail Mack; 
broad band round the nape and upper wing-eoverts white; rump 
greenish yellow: beneath, throat and breast white; belly, flanks, and 
crissum bright lemon-yellow; bill black; feet yellowish: whole 
length 4*2 inches, wing 2'2, tail 1*5. Female. Above green, ramp 
yellowish: beneath paler, middle of belly yellow. 


Hab. Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Bica. 

a, h. $ ad.; c. § Honduras (Dyson). Purchased. 
ad. st. 

d» e'

 d',/• 2 ad. Vera Paz, Guatemala (Bahin). Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. 
g, h- d 2 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Saivin). Salvin-Godman ColL 
hJ' 6 2 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Saivin). Sclater Coll. 
K 2 ad. sk. Guatemala. O. Salvin,"Esq. [P.]. 
c? ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq. 

m. (S ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon- Salvin-Godman ColL 
duras (Blancaneaux). 
n,o. S 2 a& sk. Brit. Honduras (Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman ColL 

p. <$ ad.sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Wkitely). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
14 . OHIBOMAOILZEKIS. 
q, r. 6 $ ad, sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
s,t. S 2 ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Eica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

u. <5 ad. sk, Costa Eica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
4. CMromachaeris flaveola. 
Manacus flaveolus, Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1851, p. 349: Sclater,
P. Z. S.1855, p. 151. * 
Pipra flavitincta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1852, p. 34, pi. 48 (Bogota). 
Chironiachgeris flaveola, Cab. et Hein. Mits. Rein. ii. p, 97; Sol Cat. 
J±. JB. p. 252; Set. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; Berl J.f. 0. 1884, 

p. 305 (Bucaramanga). 
Similar to & manacus, but the white faintly tinged with lemon-
yellow. 
. Hah. Colombia. 


a. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of Pipra JZavo-tincta.) 
b, c. S ad . sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
d, e. $ $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/,#.<? $ ad. sk. Bogota, Purchased. 
hj i. <$ 5 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


j. $ ad. sk. Bucaramanga, XJ. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
5. Chiromachaeris vitellina. 
Pipra vitellina, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 103; id. in Zool Voy. SulpJi., 
B. p. 41, pi. 21; Lafr. JRev. Zool. 1847, p. 69; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173. 
Chiromachseris vitellina, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 97; Scl. Cat. 
u±. B. p. 253; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; iid. P. Z. S. 18(34, 

p . 362 (Panama), et 1879, p. 517 (Antioquia). 
Above, crown, broad interscapnlinm, wings, and tail black; rump 
green; band round the nape and sides of head bright yellow ; beneath 
yellowish green, throat and breast bright yellow; bill black, feet 
yellowish; whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1-3. Female. 
Green, "beneath lighter, tinged with yellow. 

Hah* Nicaragua, Yeragua, Panama, and Northern Colombia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Nicaragua (JDelattre). E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
s ^ Panama. 
J. Gould, Esq. 

b. S *&'
Yeragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. 3 ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad sk

d. e. <J 2--{Hughes). 
f,g. 6 2 ad.sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
k, i. 6 2 ad-sk-Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

Panama (JDelattre). Sclater Coll, 

j. (J ad. sk. 
Panama. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 

k. £ ad. sk. 
I <£ ad. sk. 
Cauca, U. S. C {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 

m. 
6 ad. sk. Cauca, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 

n. $ ad. sk. 
316 
PIPRIDiE. 

6. Cliiromachseris aurantiaca. 
Cliiromachseris aurantiaca, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 200 (Veragua). 

Above, crown, wings, tail, and narrow interscapiilium black; 
rump green; band round the nape and sides of head deep orange : 
beneath yellow, throat and breast deep orange; bill black, feet 
flesh-colour: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*3. Female. 
Green, beneath paler, belly yellow. 

• Hob. Yeragua. 
The narrowness of the black interscapiilium, the orange tint of the 
nape and throat, and the yellow belly at once distinguish this species 
from C. vitellina. 

a,l), c? $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. <5 ad. sk.
d. <$ ad. sk.
e. S ad. sk.
/ , g. $ ad. sk. 
Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui(Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Veragua (ArcS). 
Veragua (Arci).
(Types of the species.) 
"Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 

7. CMromacliseris coronata. 
Chiromachseris coronata, JBoucard, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 178, pi. xvii. 
(Colombia). • 

Above black, nuchal band and sides of head bright yellow: 
beneath grey, throat black: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2*3, 
tail 1. 

Hah. Colombia. 
Only known from the type specimen in M. Boueard's collection, 
which is apparently a " Bogota " skin. 

Subfamily II. PTILOCHLORIN^E. 

In this section I place a small set of mostly dull-colonred birds, 
which combine the foot-structure of the Pipridce with the bill 
of the Tyrannidae. They range from Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil. 
Whether Eeterocercus should be referred here is to say the least 
uncertain. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Bictus bristled: tail square or slightly 
rounded. 
a. Fourth remex in male attenuated 15. PTILOCHLORIS, p. 317 
15 . PTILOCHLOEIS. 
317 

b. Fourth remex not attenuated. 
a'. 
Tarsus strong-. 
| Bill longer; tarsus longer 10. HETBBOPKLMA, p. 318. 
I Bill shorter; tarsus shorter 17. SCHIFFOENIS, p. 322. 

V. Tarsus feeble 
18. NBOPELMA, p. 323. 
B. Kictus smooth: tail graduated 19. HETEHOCERCTJS, p. 324. 
15. PTILOCHLORIS. 
TVDG 

Laniisoma, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 492 (1831") .. P. squamata. 

Ptilochloris, Swains, Class. B. ii. p. 250 (1837) P. squamata. 

This singular type is, I now think, on the whole best placed 
liere next to Heteropelma, with which it closely agrees in the 
structure of the foot and hill. It is remarkable for having the 
fourth primary attenuated and curved slightly outwards in the 
male sex. 

The very peculiar nestling of Ptilochloris has been described and 
figured by Mr. Satan and myself, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 158. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Head black; back green 
1. squamata, p. 317. 
B. Head green, like the back 
2. buckleyi, p. 318. 
1. Ptilochloris squamata. 
• lluscicapa squamata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 814 ($ ), 1831. 
Ptilochloris 
squamata, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 435; Cab. et Kein. 
Mus. Bern. ii. p. 102: Telz. Orn. Bras. p. 126; Scl Cat A. B. 

p. 246 ','ScL et Salv. Utmenel. p. 57. 
Lanius arcuatus, Geoffr. Mag. de Zool. 1833, Ois. pi. 12. 
Laniisoma arcuatum, JScIater, B. Z.S. 1854, p. 114. 
Ptilochloris arcuatus, La ft. Bev. Zool. 1838, p. 237, et 1847, p. 182; 
Bp. Consp. L p. 177. 
Ptilochloris lunatus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 250. 
Ptilochloris remigialis, Zafr. Bev. Zool 1838, p. 237; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 177; Burnt. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 436; Cab. et Eein. Mus. Hein. 
ii. p. 102; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 246 ; Scl et Salv. JSTome?icl p. 57. 
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-
green ; cap black : beneath sulphur-yellow, breast and flanks lunulated 
with black; fourth remex attenuated at the apex and slightly 
bent outwards; bill above hazel-brown, below whitish; feet plumbeous 
; whole length 6-fi inches, wing 4, tail 2-6. Female similar, 
but primaries not modified, head not so black, and whole body below 
lunulated with black. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

It is possible that there may be a closely allied representative ot 
this form in Colombia, distinguished by its rather smaller size and 
yellow breast. If this be so, the term. remigialis of Lafresnaye 

318 
PIPEID-E. 

would probably be applicable to it. But I have not yet been able 
to meet with specimens, the localities of which can be quite depended 

upon. 
a, h. $ ad.; $ Rio Napo (?). Purchased. 
jr. st. 
e. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E.]. 
dj e. $ ad.;/. $ Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman ColL 
ad. sk. 
g. § ad. sk. Novo Eribourgo, Rio (Youds), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ft, i, <? ad.;,/. $ Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
h. $ jr. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
I. <$ ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
m. 5 sk. Bogota (?). Purchased. 
2. Ptilochloris buckleyi 

Ptilochloris buckleyi, Scl. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 158, pi. xvi. 
(Ecuador). 

Above uniform dull olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged 
with olive-green: beneath yellow, with well-marked black lunulations 
on the breast, upper belly, and flanks; biH horn-colour, 
beneath pale; feet plumbeous: whole length. 6m5 inches, wing 4, 
tail 2-5. 

Hob. Ecuador. 

a. 
<J jr.; Pindo, Ecuador (BtteMey). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Pull. sk. (Types of the species.) 
16. 
HETER0PEL1EA. 
Type. 
Heteropelma, Bp. Consp. Vol. Ankod. p. 4 (1854) .... H. turdinum. 
Heteropelma, with its nine species, has a wide range from S. 
Mexico to Brazil, being confined everywhere to the dense forests. 
The first five species are all representative forms of one type, remarkable 
for their nearly uniform brownish-olive coloration: the 
sixth is also of uniform plumage, but with a predominance of green 
and smaller in size. The last three mimic the Tyrannidaeas regards 
their half-concealed head-spot, but show the Piprine structure in 
t/heir feet. 

Key to the Specks. 

A. Uniform olive: without a vertical spot. 
a. Larger: plumage brownish olive. 
a'. Beneath uniform brownish olive ... . 1. turdinum, p. 319. 
V. Belly greyish. 
an. Bill broader. 
I Head more greenish 2. wcdlaciif p. 319. 
j Head more brownish ». 3. amazomim7 p. 320. 

b'r. Bill narrower 4. stenorhynchum, p. 320. 
c'. Belly greenish ^ 5. verte-pacis, p. 320. 
b, Smaller: plumage greenish olive 6. virescem, p. 321. 

16 . HETEEOPELMA. 
319 

B. 
Not uniform olive: with a yellow vertical 
spot. 
c. Belly whitish 
7. jlavicapillwm, p. 321. 
d. Belly yellowish: 
crest yellow 8. chrysocephalum, p. 322. i crest orange 9. iyniceps, p. 322. 

1. Heteropelma turdinum. 
Muscicapa turdina, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 817. 
Heteropelma turdinum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 467 (Brazil); id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 244; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 124; Scl. et Salv. NomencL 

p. 55; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301. 
Ptilochloris rufo-olivaceus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 238, et 1847, 
p. 185; Bp. Consp. i. p. 177 j Burm. Syst. TJeh. ii. p. 436. 
Heteropelma rufo-olivaceum, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hei?i. ii. p. 100. 
• Nearly uniform brownish olive; belly rather paler; under wingeoverts 
greyish; bill and feet dark horn-colour: whole length 7 inches, 
wing 3*7, tail 2-9. Female similar. 
Eab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
2. Heteropelma wallacii. (Plate XX.) 
Heteropelma wallacii, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 579, 595 (L. 
Amazons), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. NomencL p. 55; Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 (C. Peru), 1877, p. 332 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Pir. 
ii. p. 351. 
Heteropelma amazonum (?), Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana). 
Brownish olive ; wings and tail more rufescent: beneath paler, 
belly greyish; under wing-coverts pale greyish; bill and feet horncolour 
: whole length 6-7 inches, wing 3'5, tail 2-5. Female similar. 

Hob. Lower Amazonia and Guiana. 
This species is rather smaller than H. turdinum, and much paler 
on the under surface. 

a.9ad.sk. ?m (Wallace). Sclater Coll. m 

* 
(Type of the species.) 
h c 
A 9 ad sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
' ° * (Whitely). 

d. (J ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
P f 9 ad sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e>J'*m' (Whitely). . Qi* mi 
a rf ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater boll. 


(Whitely). r< . -n * mi 
A A ad sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t//?aatsk. Roraima; Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 

320 
PIPBID^. 

3. Heteropelma amazoxnim. 
Heteropelma amazonum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466 (Gharnicuros); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Feh. Orn. Bras. p. 125; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 

p. 334 (Colombia); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 55; iid. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 186 (Peru) ; TaciJ F. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (X.E. Peru) j id, 
Orn. Fir. ii. p. 350. 
Brownish olive; head strongly tinged with rufous: beneath 
paler, greyish on the belly; bill and feet horn-colour: whole 
length 6-5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*7. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia. 
The brownish head seems to distinguish this species from 
H ivallacii. On the underparts they are nearly alike. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 

>d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Btwkley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (HUngwortk). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
f. 
g> Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
h, i. Ad. sk. Kiver Ucayali (Hauxioell). Gould Coll. 

j. 
Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Oyapoc (?). Sclater Col. 
1 

4. Heteropelma stenorhynchum. 
Heteropelma 
stenorhynchum, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 628^ 
632 (Venezuela) ; lid. Nomencl. p. 55. 

Above nearly uniform rufescent olive, rather brighter on the 
head, wings, and tail: beneath paler, belly more cinereous, and with 
very faint indications of transverse markings; bill much compressed 
: whole length 6-8 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2S. 

Hah. Venezuela. 
This is perhaps a somewhat doubtful species, but I cannot refer 
the two specimens either to H wallacii or H. amazonum, 

a. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.} 
b. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater ColL \ 
(Types of the species.) 
5. Heteropelma verse-pacis. 
Heteropelma verse-pacis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 300,467 (Guatemala), 
1862, p. 19 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Scl et Sain. lbU, 
1860, p. 400 (Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870,p. 837 (Honduras) ; 
iid. Nomencl p. 55; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. p. 116 (Costa 
Rica); Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 309 (Costa Kiea); Salv. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 200 (Veragua), 1883, p. 424 (Panama). 

Generally of a rich brownish olive-green; wings and tail more 
rufescent; belly greenish olive; bill and feet horn-colour: whole 
length 6*3 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2'6. Female similar. 

Hah. Central America, from 8. Mexico down to Panama. 
The olive-green belly seems to distinguish this northern form. 


16 . HETEROPELMA. 321 
«• Ad. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0. <$ ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
^ 6; Ad *sk * 
Choctuni, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Ver a Paz "
(Type of the spocion.) 
Salvin-Godnum Coil. 
Sclater Coll. 
°- Salvin, Esq. [P.l 
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Yzabel, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
h. 5 ad. sk. "Valza, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
hjd 
ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (CarSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
miol). 
& 2 ad. sk.
1, m. & ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o. cS ad. sk.
i?. § ad. sk. 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). 
Veragua (Arce). 
Veragua (ArcS). 
Southern slope of Vole, of Chiriqui 
(Arce). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. Ad. sk. Panama (Markham) (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

6. Heteropelma virescens. 
Muscicapa virescens, Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 802. 
Ptilochloris virescens, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 238; Bp. Consp. i, 


p. 177; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 436. 
Heteropelma virescens, Sclater, P. Z. S. I860, p. 467 ; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 245; Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 124; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; 
B&rl et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 139 (Rio Gr. do Sul). 
Pipra unicolor, Langsdorf et MSnetr. MSS. 
Pipra galeata §, Licht. JDoubl. p. 29. 
G-obe-mouche vert, Less. Tr. dJOrn. i. p. 391. 
Heteropelma unicolor, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 100; Bp. 

Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4. 

Above and beneath, uniform greenish olive; wings and tail brownish 
olive ; bill and feet horn-colour: whole length 6*3 inches, wing 3, 
tail 2*8. Female similar. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 
The -uniform olive-green of both surfaces at once distinguishes this 
species. 

$ a(i sk Sa5

a, b. £--Paolo> Brazil i^oyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
7. Heteropelma flavicapillum. (Plate XXI.) 
Heteropelma flavicapillum, Sclater, P. Z. #1860, pp.p460, 467 
(Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 125; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 55. 

Above olive-green, wings and tail brown, edged with olive-green ; 
large vertical spot yellow: beneath ashy white; under wing-coverts 
and bend of wing pale lemon-yellow; bill and feet dark brown: 

whole length 6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*5. 
Bab. S.E. Brazil. 


VOL. XIV. 

322 PIPEID-2E. 
a, b Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d Ad.ske. Ad.sk.
/ . Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Bio, Brazil (Wucherer). 
S.E. Brazil. . 
Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll.
of the speci 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type 
es.) 

8. Heteropelma chrysocephalum. 
Heteropelma chrysocephalum, Pete. Orn. Bras. pp. 125,185; Scl et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 55. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with 
olive; large elongated vertical spot yellow: beneath pale yellowish, 
throat more dusky; bill and feet pale brown: whole length 5 
inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*3. 

Hab* Interior of Brazil. 

a, <$ ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 

9. Heteropelma igaiceps. (Plate XXII.) 
Heteropelma igniceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 (Oyapoc), et 1881, 
p. 214 (Brit. Guiana) *. Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 301 (Brit Guiana). 
Above olive-green; wings and tail brownish black, edged with 
olive; head tinged with cinereous; vertical spot bright yellow : 
beneath, throat and breast cinereous, belly pale sulphur-yellow, 
flanks olivaceous; bill horn-colour, beneath paler; feet cinereous : 
whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*1. Female similar, but 
crest not so bright. 

Hab. Cayenne and Guiana. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Oyopoc, Cayenne (Verdey). Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 

c. Ad. sk. Essequibo, Guiana (im Thum). Sclater Coll. 
d, e. c? $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
iWUtely). 
f-h. 
S ad.; i9 j . Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Oodman ColL 
5 ad. sk. (Wkitely). 

17. 
SCHIFF0B3HS. 
Type. 
Schiffornis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (1854) S. major* 
This form comes very close to Heteropelum, but is of a rufous 
coloration, and may perhaps be distinguished by its smaller bill and 
shorter tarsus. Two species from Amazonia arid the interior of 
Brazil are known. 

18 % NEOPELMA. 323 
Key to the Specie®. 
A. Larger 5 crown greyishB. smaller; crown rufous ;;;;;;;;; 
j . 
i^;^ 
.*>* 
1« ScMffornis major. 

ScMffornis major, Bp Consp Vol Anisod. p. 4 (clescr. nulla!) ; JDes 
Mure, m Casteln. Voy., Ow. p. 60. pi. 18 fi<r 2-IlartI T f O 

p. 284 (E. Peru); zid. Nomencl p. 55; Toes. Orn. Per. ii. p. 352. 
Above rufous; rump and tail brighter ; head cinereous: beneath 
bright rufous, throat and breast more dusky; bill black ; foot brown : 
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4, tail 1-8. Female similar, but 
rather smaller. 

Hab. Cayenne and Amazonia. 

a, h. $ $ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne (Verdcy). Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Nauta, Amazons. E. Bartlett [CI. 
d, e. $ ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hauxwell). 

2. ScMffornis rufa. 
Heteropelma rufum, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 124. 
Schiffornis rufa, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55. 
ScMffornis minor, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (?) 

Above clear ferruginous, tail rather brighter; wings blackish, 
edged with ferruginous : beneath paler, belly rather brighter ; bill 
blackish; feet brown: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2. 
Female similar. 

Hah. Amazonia. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Rio Amajou, Rio Negro (Naiterer), Sclater Coll, 
(Authentic specimen.) 
18. NEOPELMA. 
Type. 
Neopelma, Scl P. Z. S. I860, p. 467 N. aurifrons. 
This curious Brazilian form was originally associated with the 

Tyranmdm, but, regard being had to its foot-structure, must go with 
the Fipridce, in the vicinity of Heteropelma, Prom Heteropelma, 
however, it deviates in its slender tarsi and more feeble bill, and 
should therefore stand alone. 

1. Neopelma aurifrons. 
Muscicapa aurifrons, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 829;> 
Elainea aurifrons, Cab. in Schomh. Guian. iii. p. 701, 
Euscarthmus aurifrons, Bxmn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 489, 
Heteropelma auiifrons, Sclat. P. Z, 8. I860, p. 467; id. Cat. A. B. 


p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 125 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55. 
Muscicapa luteocephala, Lafr. Mag. de Zaol. 1833, Ois. pi. IS. 
PIPKID2E. 

Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, slightly edged 
with olive-green; large vertical patch, occupying the bases of the 
feathers, lemon-yellow: beneath paler, throat more cinereous, belly 
more yellowish; bill and feet pale brown: whole length 5 inches, 

wing 2-6, tail 2-2. 
Hab. S.E. Brazil 
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

19. HETEKOCERCUS, 
Heterocercus, Scl. {ex Hartlaub MS.), Cat. A. B. p. 245 Type. 
(1862) H. linteatus. 

Tail of Heterocercus linteatus from beneath. 

This is a very singular type, remarkable for the peculiar form of 
the tail and the nearly smooth rictus. The foot-structure appears 
to be Piprine, and I therefore place it here, but am not quite satisfied 
that it will always retain this position. 

The three known species of Heterocercus are confined to the forests 
of Amazonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Sides of head black; coronal patch scarlet.. 1. linteatus, p. 324. 
B. Sides of bead olive-green : 
coronal patch yellow 2.Jlamvertex, p. 325. icoronal patch orange 3. aurantiivertex, p. 325. 

1. Heterocercus linteatus. 
Elaenia linteata, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 121, pi. 63 (^). 
Heterocercus linteatus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 125; Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl. p. 55 j iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 284 
(E. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 351. 
Above dull olive-green; wings and tail dark ashy, slightly edged 

19 . HETEROCERCXTS. 
with olive-green ; cap and sides of head black, with a largo central 
patch, of scarlet: beneath, throat white, pectoral band blackish ; 
abdomen chestnut; under wing-coverts and flanks dull cinereous; 
bill black; feet brown: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2. 

Hahm Upper Amazonia. 

a. 
6 ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll. 
2. Heterocercus flavivertex. 
Elsenia linteata, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 121, pi. 03 ( ? ). 
Heterocercus flavivertex, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 125, 186; Set. et Sal v. 
Nomencl. p. 55. 

Above olive-green ; coronal patch yellow; ear-coverts blackish ; 
wings and tail dark ashy, slightly edged with green: beneath, throat 
white, abdomen chestnut, middle of belly and crissum paler ; under 
wing-coverts and flanks cinereous; bill blackish; feet dark cinereous: 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2. Female. Above olive-
green : beneath lighter, throat cinereous, middle of belly ochraceous. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 

c, 5. <$ $ ad. sk. Eio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 

(Authentic specimens.) 

c} d. $ J ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

e,f. d ? ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased. 

g. <$ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
<$ jr. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
i. 
$ ad.sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons. E. Bartlett [P.]. 
3. Heterocercus aurantiivertex. (Plate XXIII.) 
Heterocercus 
aurantiivertex, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 157 
(Ecuador). 

Above olive-green, large coronal patch bright orange; wings and 

tail blackish, slightly edged with olive-green: beneath fulvous, throat 

white, flanks passing into olivaceous; bill horn-colour; feet pale 

brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2. 

Sab. Eastern Ecuador. 

a. 
Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BucUey). Sclater Coll. \ 
b, c. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BucUey). Salvin-Godman Coll. ( 
' (Types of the species.) 

326 
coTnsrGmas. 

Family IV. COTINGIML 

The Cotingidm are one of the great fruit-eating families of 
Tropical America, and amongst the Passerine birds addicted to this 
kind of diet are the most numerous and most important after the 
Tanagridce. In plumage, structure, and size they are much varied. 
Nothing can he more brilliant in colour than the typical Cotingas 
and some allied forms, while the Lipangi and others are of uniformly 
dull plumage in both sexes. As regards structure, the second aborted 
primary of the Tityrince, the feet and crest of Mirjncola, and the 
wattles of ChasmorJiynchtts and Cejihahpterus show such extraordinary 
excesses of development as are almost unequalled in the 
Passerine series. In size also, the discrepancy between Iodoplenra 

jpipra, with a total length of 3 | inches, and Pyrodents scutaius, with 

a length of 18 inches, is certainly remarkable amongst members of 

the same natural family. 

Like the Tyrannidae the Qotingidop are dentirostral Oligophones, 
and have ten well-formed primaries instead of nine, or nine and a 
shortened outer primary, as is the ease with the dentirostral Oscines. 
They number about 110 species, and are distributed over tropical 
America from Southern Mexico to the northern borders of the Argentine 
Republic. In this case, as in many other Neotropical groups 
of Animals and Plants, there seem to be three districts which may 
be called the principal" foci" of their development, namely: Central 
America (characterized by Carjiodectes and the extraordinary species 
of CJiasmorhynchtts and CepJialopterus), Guiana and Amazonia (the 
home of Phcenicocercics, Itujpicola, Querela, GymnocepTidtvs, and 
Gymnoderus), and S.E. Brazil, where alone we find Tijucay PHbalura, 
and Qalyptura* 

Key to the Babfwmilies, 

A. 
Second primary of adult male excessively 
abbreviated 1. TITYMINJE, p. 327. 
B. Second primary of male not abbreviated. 
a. Smaller forms: bill turdine. 
d. 
Rictus bristled. 
Bill broader, slightly hooked 2. ZIPAUGINJS, p. 348. 
Bill compressed, much hooked .. 3. ATTIZIMM, p. 358. 
b'. Rictus smooth. 
Tarsi very strong,- gressorial 4. JRUPICOZIKAS, p.366. 
Tarsi moderate; arboreal 5. COTINGINJB, p. 371. 

b. Large forms: bill corvine 6. QYMNODJBRINM, 
[p. 304. 
TlTYRIN-iE. 
327 

Subfamily I. TITYRINiE. 

The Tityrince have mostly a strong Shrike-like bill, with the tip 
well incurved over the lower mandible, typical pycnaspidean tarsi, 
and the toes "but slightly connected. Their plumage is not generally 
bright, but of blacks and whites and greys and olives, of different 
hues, the males as a general rule being differently clad from the 
females. 

The special peculiarity of the Tityrince is the remarkable abnormality 
of the second external primary, which is shown in all the 
genera of the subfamily, and is quite peculiar to this group. 

a. First primary of adult male of Tityra cayana. 
b. Second primary of ditto. 
(P. Z. S. 1857, p. 69.) 
The area of distribution of the Tityrince is nearly coextensive 
with that of the family Cotingidce. 

As regards the nesting of the Tityrince, Oosse (Birds Jam. p. 187) 
seems to be our only authority. 

Key to the Genera, 

A. 
Bill strong, compressed; rictus smooth; 
second primary of male narrowed, 
scimitar-shaped ; sexes not very dissimilar 
; plumage black and white .. 1. TITYBA, p. 328. 
B. 
Bill not so strong, widened; rictus more 
or less bristled; second primary of 
male widened, pointed at end ; sexes 
(mostly) quite dissimilar. 
a. Larger "forms: bill longer; males uniform 
grey or blackish: females 
rufous 2. HADUOSTOMTJS, p. 333. 
b. Smaller forms: bill shorter; males 
more or less variegated; females 
rufous or yellowish 3. PACHYBHAMPHUS, p. 337. 
328 
COTINGIDJE. 

1. 
TITYEA*. „, 
Type. 
Tityra, Vieill.t, Anal, p. 39 (1816) ..... .. T. cayana. 
Psaris, Cuv. Pegn. An. i. p. 340 (1817) T. cayana. 
Erator, Zaup, P- Z. 8. 1851, p. 47 T. inquisitor. 
Exetastus, Bp. Ann. 8c. Nat. sex. 4, Zooli i. p. 134 
(1854) (Xo type given.) 
Exetastes, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 83 (1859). T. inquisitor. 
The genus Tityra embraces the largest and strongest forms of this 

subfamily, which are clad in black, white, and grey. The sexes are 
not so conspicuously different as in the two foEowing genera, but 
usually well distinguished. There are only five species known, 
which range from Southern Mexico down to Southern Brazil. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Lores denuded. 
a. Whole cap black; tail Hack: females striated. 
I Smaller: bill at base widely red ... . 1. cayana, p. 328. 
j Larger: bill at base narrowly red 2. hra$ilknm7 p. 329, 
b. 
Front of head black; nape white; tail white, 
with a black band: female not striated . 3. semzfasa'ata, p. 330. 
B. Lores feathered; cap black: female with rufous 
ear-coverts. 
I Tail black 4. inquisitor, p. 331. 
| Tail white, with a black band 5. aUritorques, p. £>i2, 

1. Tityra cayana. 
Lanius cayanus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 137; LichL JDonbL p. 50. 
Pachyrhyncluis melanoeephalus, JKahn u. Kiider7 Pot/. Lief. xiii. 

pL6(<?). 
Tityra cinerea, VieilL JEnc. Mtth. p. 859; id. Gal. Ok. L p. 217, pi. 134. 
Psaris cayanus, Less. Tr. cPOrn. i. p. 378; Kaup} P. Z. S. 1851, p. 40. 
Psaris nsevius, Less. Tr. cFOni. i. p. 379 ($). 
Psaris virgata, PC. Smith, in Griff. Anim. Kingd. vi. p. 488 ( $ ). 
Psaris cayanensis, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 255. 
Psaris guianensis, 8m. An. in Menag. p. 286. 
Tityra cayana, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 238; id, in Schmnb. 

Guian. iii. p. 697; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 81; Bp. Camp. 

i. p. 179; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 69, 265; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 119; id. Ens, 1873, p. 114; Bel et Sah. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), 1873. 
p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia); iid. Mmeml p. 56; Tacz. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 354; 8alv. 7 % 1885, p. 301 (Br. Guiana). 
Clear greyish white: whole head above, wings, except outer 
secondaries, and tail black; bill red, with a Mack tip; feet blackish; 
whole length 7*7 inches, wing 4*6, tail 2*8. Female similar, but 
back and breast more or less striped with long black shaft-stripes. 
Young without the black head, and striped above and beneath. 

* Refer also to:— 
(1) Tityra (Erator) leueura, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120 (Brazil). 
(2) JExetastes albimchw, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii p. 83 (Brazil). 
1. TITYKA. 
Bab. Guiana, Cayenne, Amazonia, Ecuador, 

and Trinidad. 

a. 6 ad.; I. <$ jr.
st. 
c <$ ad. sk. 

d. $ ad. sk. 
«>/• d $ ad. sk 
#. c? ad. sk. 
^? *". d 2 ad. sk. 
j. 6 ad. sk. 
h. 5 ad.sk. 
; n.

Jr. sk. 
o» _P* $ ad. sk. 
q, r. $ 5 ad. sk. 

s,t* <S 2 ad. sk. 

M. 2 ad. sk. 
v. <$ ad. sk. 
«?. c? ad. sk. 
a*. $ ad. sk. 
British Guiana, 

S. America. 
S. America. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitehj). 

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 

(Wliitely). 

Boraima, Brit. 
Guiana 

(Wiitely). 
Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal-

R. Ucayali (Rauiwell). 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons 
(Whitehj). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Pilar, Venezuela (Goering). 
Trinidad. 

:*29 

Colombia, Venezuela, 

R. Ooogr.Soc. [I\|. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

2, Tityra brasiliensis. 
Psaris brasiliensis, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 286; Kaup, P. Z. S.1851, 

p. 46; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 457. 
Tityra 
brasiliensis, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239; Cab. et 
Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 82 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1857, p. 70; id. Cat A. B. p. 238; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 119; ScL 
et 8ah. Nomencl. p. 56; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, 

p. 139 (Rio Gr. do Sul). 
Psaris cayanus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 301 (Bolivia). 
Psaris maximus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46. 
Oaracterizado bianco cabos negros, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 176. 
Similar in all respects to T. cayana, but rattier larger, and with 
trie bill black except at the base: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 5*2, 
tail 3-2. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

b. g ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c~e. $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 

Purchased. 

/ . £ ad.sk. Rio Janeiro. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. $ 
ad. sk. Eng. do Gama,Mato Grosso, Brazil 
(Natterer). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h, i. 6 jr. sk. SaS Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

j. 
S &d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 
(Joyner). 
Sclater Coll. 

h,L6 2ad.sk. Brazil. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m, 2 a<i-s^« Brazil. 

M. Claussen [P.]. 
n. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
330 
COTINGID^l. 

3- Tityra semifasciata. 
Pachyrhynchus semif asciatus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 32, pi. 44.fig.2 
Barm. Syst. Ifeh. ii. p. 457. 
Psaris semifasciatus, dJOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 301; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, 

p. 146. 
Tityra semifasciata, 
Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239; Cab. et 
llein. Mm. JEein. ii. p. 83 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 180; Mater, P. Z. S. 
1857, p. 70; id. Cat. A. B. p 238; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 119; Scl. 
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56; iid. P. Z. S. 187% p. 617 (Bolivia) ; Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 353. 
Tityra personata, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn. i. pi. 24j Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1857, p. 70, 1859, p. 56 (Belize), I860, p. 295 (Esmeraldas), et 
1864, p. 176 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238 ; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, 
1859, p. 124; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1870, p. 837 
(Honduras), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 517 (Antioquia); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 66; Cab. et Kein. Mm. JEein. ii. p. 83; Lator. 
Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. p. 295 (Colombia), ix. pp. 116 (Costa Eica), 
204 (N. Yucatan) ; Cab. J.f O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Eica) ; Salv. 

P. Z. S.1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 
(Chontales); Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Eica); Bouc. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Eica), et 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan); 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta); Pidgtv. P. U.S. 
2?. M. v. pp. 397, 500 (Costa Eica), vi. p. 398 (Nicaragua); Berl. 
J.f.O. 1884, p. 305 (Bucararnanga). 
Psaris mexicanus, Less. Pev. ZooL 1839, p. 41. 
Psaris tityroides, Less. Pev. Zool. 1842, p. 210. 
Tityra mexicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 141, 297. 
Clear white with a slight greyish tinge ; front half of crown, sides 
of head, chin, and wings, except outer secondaries, black; tail white, 
with a broad black subapical band; bill with the basal half red, 
apical half black; feet black: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 5, 
tail 3. Female similar but not so bright, head brownish, back 
tinged with brownish. 

Hub. Prom Southern Mexico through Central and Southern 
America down to Bolivia. 
I do not now see my way to draw a line between T.personata and 

T. semifasciata. In most northern specimens, ho wever, there seems 
to be usually not so much black on the front of the head. 
a. S 
ad.; 5, c. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
? ad. sk. 
a& sk«

d. $ Mexico. 
Purchased. 
e. g ad. sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. S ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
g,h. $ J ad. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

i. 3 ad, sk. Merida, Yucatan {Gaumer). Sclater Coll. 
j, h. $ ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
caneaux). 
I, m. 
$ J ad. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

n. S ad. j o. $ Barranco Hondo, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. vin). 
p. S ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Guatemala (Finsch). Sclater Coll. 
1 . TITYRA. 331 
a<3-s^


r. 2San Pedro, Honduras (WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. $ ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t $ ad. sk. Omatepec, Nicaragua (Nuttiyiy). R. R Sliaipe, Esq. 
u. <$ ad. sk. Cache, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. 2 ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w>. 2 ad. sk. San Jose, Costa Rica (Frantzius). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
^ #• c? 2 a<i. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

z. <S ad. sk. Bug-aba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a, b'. <$ ad.; Lion Hill, Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e\ 2 ^d. sk. 
£?f. S ad. sk. Isthmus of Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<?'. c? ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. 2 ad. sk. Remedies, Antioquia, XL S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
{/. 3 ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Sclater Coll. 

h1 

. <$ ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
z\ $ ad. sk. Venezuela (Dyson). Purchased. 
/ , 7s'. d 2 ad. Esmeralda s, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

sk. 

Z'. $ ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Mingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m\ d ad. sk. Yauayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n'. c£ ad. sk. San Jose*, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o', p1. S 2 ad. Yquitos, Up. Amazons (Jfhitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

sk. 

3 ad. sk. River Ucayali (Havxxoell). J. Gould, Esq. 
r'. 2 ad. sk. Para. R. Graham, Esg.[P."|. 
s\ t'. (S 2 ad.sk. Siniacu, Bolivia (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u'. c? ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
v\ 2 a^-sk* Cayenne (?). Sclater Coll. 

4. Tityra inquisitor. 
Lanius inquisitor, LicM. Doubl. p. 50* 

Psaris erythrogenys, Selb. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 483; Sw, Nat. Zibr., 

Flycateh. n. 82, pi. 3; Less. Tr. $Om, p. 379 (2)-

Psaris jardinii, Sw. Zool. III. ser. 2, vol. i. pi. 35. 

Psaris nattererii, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 286 (<$ juv.). 

Psaris selbii, iSw. An. in Menag. p. 286. 

Psaris inquisitor, d'Orb. Voy,, bis. p. 302; Kemp, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 47; 

Burm. Syst. TIeb. ii. p. 456, 
Tityra inquisitor, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239 j Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 180; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 51; id. Oat A. B. p. 239; Pek. 
Cm. Bras,p. 120,- Scl. etSalv. Nomencl. p. 56; iid. P.Z. S. 1879, 
p. 617 (Bolivia). 
Exetastes inquisitor, Cab. et JSein. Mus. Rein, ii. p. 84. 
Above greyish white; whole cap, including ear-coverts, wings 
except outer secondaries, and tail, except at the base, black : 
heneath white ; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4*4, 
tail 2*7. Female similar, but ear-coverts and front rufous, and back 
more cinereous. 


Eab. Cayenne, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. 2 ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. c? ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

c. 2 &d. s^-Cayenne. 
332 COTINGIDIE. 
d. S ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . (S ad. sk.
g. 5 ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk. 
Pelotas,Eio Grande do Sul, Bra(Joyner). 
Bogota. 
Yauayacu, Ecuador {Buckley),
zil Salvin-Godman ColL 
X Gpuld, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 

5. Tityra albitorques. 
Tityra albitorques, JDubus, Bull Acad. Bruw. xiv. pt. 2, p. 104 (1847) : 
id. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 244; Sclater, F. Z. S. 1855, pp. 77, 150 (Bogota), 
1857, p. 71, 1859, pp. 56 (Belize) et 384 (Oaxaca); id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 239 ; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 400 (Vera Paz) ; iid. P. Z. S. 
1867, pp. 751, 757 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 517 
(Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ,• Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. 
p. 295 (Colombia), viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 116 (Costa Eica): 
Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Eica); Pelz. Orn, Bras. 
p. 120; Salv. et 
Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta); Tacz. 
B.Z.S. 1882, p. 
23(N.E. Peru); Tacz. et Berl. P.Z.S. 1883, 
p. 559 (W. Ecuador). 
Psaris fraserii, Xaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 47, pis. 37 (d1), 38 (5). 
Tityra fraseri, Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) j Scl et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl p. 56; Bone. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 (Yucatan). 
Exetastes albitorques, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 84. 
Tityra albitorques fraseri, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 397 (Costa 
Eica). 

Above greyish white; whole cap and wings except outer secondaries 
black; tail white, with a broad black subapical band: beneath 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 75 inches, wing 4, 
tail 2'5. Female similar, hut front and sides of head rufous, and 
body above brownish cinereous. 

Bab. Erom Mexico southwards through Central America to 
Bolivia and Inner Brazil. 

I am not now able to distinguish a northern T. fraseri and a 
southern T. albitorques, as I have sometimes thought possible. 
Though there is much individual variation, the series seems complete 
from north to south. 

a. § ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater ColL 
h. $ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salviri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. (S jr. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Guatemala (Salviri). Sclater Coll. 
e. <5 ad. sk. Tiziman, Northern Yucatan (Gem- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mer). 
f)9- 
6 $ ad. British Honduras (Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman ColL 
sk. 

h. $ ad. sk. Guatemala (Salviri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. $ 
ad. sk. Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Eica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
j. 
$ ad.; h. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arci). Salvin-Godman ColL 
$ ad. sk. 
I tf ad.; m. $ Chiriqui (Arci). Sclater ColL 
jr. sk. 

2 . HADROSTOMUS. 
333 

w o. <$ $ ad. sk. Rernedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. (Sal- Sclater Coll. 
mon). 
p, q. 6 2 a^- Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

r. <$ 
ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
s. J ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
t, u. <$ ? ad, Valencia, IT. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
v, w. 6 
$ a^- Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingtoorth). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

x. <S ad. sk. Chyavetas, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
y. 
^ ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer), Sclater Coll. 
% HADEOSTOMUS*. r^ 

Hadrostomus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 84 (1859) H. atricapillus. 
Platypsaris, Bp. MS. (teste Gray) (cf. Scl P. Z. S. 1857, 

p. 74) 
H. aglaioe. 
Hadrostomus is intermediate in form between. Tityra and Pachyrhamphus. 
The males are mostly black or cinereous, the females 
very different, of various shades of brown. The genus has nearly 
the same distribution on the American continent as Tityra, and is 
besides represented by a peculiar species in the Antilles. 


Key to the Species. 

A. 
Without a rosy pectoral band. 
(Lower surface dirty white 1. atricapillus, p. 333. 
\ Lower surface black 2. niger, p. 334. 
(Lower surface grey 3. homochrous, p. 334. 
B. 
"With a rosy pectoral band. 
(Lower surface white 4. albiventris, p. 335. 
•J Lower surface grey 5. aglaice, p. 335, 
(Lower surface blackish 6. minor, p. 337, 
1. Hadrostomus atricapillus. 
Oaracterizado canela y cabeza negra, Jssara, Apimt. ii. p. 182. 
Tityra atricapiUa, Vieill Now. Diet iii. p. 347 (1816); id. fine. 

Tityra rufa, Vieill Nouv. Bid. iii. p. 347; id. Uric. Mtth. p. 859. 
Lanius validus, LichL JDoubl p. 50. ^ 
Pachyrhynchus cinerascens, Spix, Av. Bras. u. p. d4, pi. 4b. ng. J 

( $ iuv.). 

Psaris cristate, Sw. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 355 ; id. Zool 111. ser. 2, vol. i. 
pi. 41. 
Psaris strigatus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 287. 
Pachyrhynchus megacephalus, Sw. An. m Menag. p. J87. 
Psaris affinis, Less. Rev. Zool 1840, p. 354. 
Psaris validus, Eartl. Ind. Azar. p. 14; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46. 

* See also : (
V) 
Sadrostomtis audax, Cab. J. I O.1873, p. 68; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p 540 (0. Peru); id. On. P6r. ii. p. 356. 
(2) Plaiypsaris insularis, Eidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 382 (Tres Marias Is.). 
334 COTIKTGIDJE. 

Pachyrhamphus validus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 240; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 180 ; Burm. Syst Ueb. ii. p. 455 ; Selater, P. Z. S. 1857, 

p. 72. 
Hadrostomus atricapillus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85; Scl. Cat. 
A. B. p. 239 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120 ; Scl. et Sain. Nomencl. p. 50. 
Above fuliginous grey; crown black ; concealed patch on scapulars 
white: beneath pale cinnamomeous white, under wing-coverts more 
cinnamomeous; bill horn-colour; feet plumbeous: whole length 
7 inches, wing 3*9, tail 2*7. Female. Above ferruginous red ; cap 
black; beneath pale cinnamomeous. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. $ ad. sk. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
Brazil* 
South America. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
Purchased. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Selater Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil, 
Pelotas, Eio Grande do Sul, 
Sudbury Museum. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. 
g, h. 6 $ acL s^i. 
c? ad. sk. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Purchased. 
Selater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Hadrostomus niger. 
Lanius niger, Gm. S. K i. p. 301. 
Pachyrhynchus aterrimus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 320. 
Tityra leuconotus, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. pi. 63 ; Gosse, B. Jain. 


p. 187. 
Pachyrhamphus nigrescens, Cab. Weigm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 241 ; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 180. • 
Packyrliamphtis niger, Selater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 72. 
Platypsaris nigra, Selater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 77. 
Hadrostomus niger, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. 

p. 239 j Scl. et Salv. JVomencl. p. 56. 
Above glossy black, beneath sooty black; concealed patch at the 
base of the scapulars white; bill and feet black: whole length 
7 inches, wing 4*1, tail 3*2. Female. Above cinereous; cap, wings, 
and tail rufescent: beneath pale cinereous white, throat tinged with 
rufous ; bill and feet black. 

Hah. Jamaica. 
a, b. $ 2 a(i-s&c. 
<5 ad. sk. 
d. $ ad. sk. 
e. $ jr. sk. 
/. <$ jr. sk. 
<7, h 6 $ ad. sk, 
Jamaica (Gosse). 
Jamaica (Gosse). 
Jamaica (Gosse). 
Spanish Town, Jamaica 
(Marsh). 
Jamaica (Bryant). 
Jamaica. 
Selater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mr. Bryant [P.]. 
Purchased. 

3. Hadrostomus homochrous. (Plate XXIV.) 
Pachyrhamphus homochrous, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142, et 1860, p. 279 
(Ecuador); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 473. 

2 . HADHOSXOMTJS. 
Hadrostomus homochrons, 8cl. Cat A. B. p. 240; 8el et Sab. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 517 (Antioquia) ; ml Nomencl. p. 50; Tacz. P. Z. S.1877, 

p. 320 (rem) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 357; Ilidgw, P. U.S. K M. v. 
p. 307 (Costa Rica); Toes, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 1)3 (Ecuador). 
Above sooty black, darker on head; concealed patch at base of 
scapulars white: beneath dark cinereous; bill and feet black: 
whole length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2-9. Female. Above ferruginous 
red ; beneath paler, in some specimons cinnatnomeous white. 

Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. 

ff, b. <$ ? ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. 
2 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador, L. Eraser [C.J. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 a(^ sk


e. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
f,g. 6 ? ad.sk. Babahoya, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.]. 
7&. <5 ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i 
J ad. sk. Monji, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


j. 
$ ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (tiling- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth), 
h. S jr« sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. S ad. sk. Lechugal, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk. Sta. Marta, U. S. C. (load). Sclater Coll. 
n. 2 a(*« sk. Panama (?). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Hadrostomus albiventris. 
Hadrostomus 
albiventris, Lawi\ Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 475 (W. 
Mexico). 
Platypsaris albiventris, Bidgto. Man. N. A. B.-p. 325. 

Above cinereous- wings and tail brownish black, edged with 

cinereous: beneath white, breast rosy red; bill and feet black: 

whole length 6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2*7-Female. Above cine


reous, cap blackish; nape, wings, and tail brownish: beneath pale 

cinnamomeous white. 

Hab. "Western Mexico. 

I have only seen one pair of this form, of which the male is not 

adult. If the white underside is constant in birds from this locality, 

the species may stand as distinct. 

a. J 
jr.; b. § Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
5. Hadrostomus aglaiae. 
Pachyrhynchus aglaiae, Lafr. Bev. Zool 1839, p. 98. 
Psaris aglaise, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46. 
Pachyrhamphus aglaise, Sclater, P. Z. S.1856, p. 297, et 1857, p. 74; 


8cl et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124. 
Platypsaris affinis, FllioU Ibis, 1859, p. 394, pi. 13. 
Hadrostomus aglaise, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85; Cab. 

J.f.O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 240; id. 
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 176 (Mexico); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. pp. 116 
(Costa Rica), 204 (N, Yucatan); Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 309 
336 
COTINGIDiE. 

(Costa Eica); Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid 

Nbmencl p. 56 ; Boue. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 (Yucatan). 
Platypsaris aglaise, Rldgio. Man. N. A. B. p. 324. 
Paehyiharnphus latirostrib, Bp. Oomph Bend, xxxviii. p. 658: id 

Not. Orn. p. 87; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 74. 
Hadrostonius latirostris, Scl. Oat. A. B. p. 240. 
Platypsaris latirostris, Bidgio. Man. N. A, I?, p. 325. 


Above cinereous \ cap black; patch at the base of the scapulars 
white : beneath paler cinereous; throat and chest bright rosy red; 
bill and feet Hack: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*8. 
Female. Above rufous ; outer edges of wings and whole tail bright 
ferruginous • cap black: beneath pale cinnamomeous. 

Hab. Central America from Southern Mexico to Nicaragua. 

In some males of this species the rosy throat is evanescent and 
the tinge barely perceptible. On such a specimen was founded, as 
I believe, PcicJiyrliamphiis latirostris, Bp. There are similar specimens 
from Yera Paz in the present series. 

a. 
d ad.,- b. d Mexico. Purchased. 
jr. st. 
e. d ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
J ad.; e. d Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca), Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
Tonala, Chiapas, 
Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 

/. 
6 jr. sk. 

(Sumichrast). 

g. d jr. sk. Cacoprieto, Tehuantepec, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico (Sumichrast). 
h. d ad. sk. Southern Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. 
i. $ 
ad. sk. Tizimin, Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 
j. 
J ad. sk. Northern Yucatan ( Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. d ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). Sclater Coll. 
I $ ad. sk. Jolbox I., Yucatan (Gaum®*). Salvin-Godman ColL 
m. Jr. sk. Cozumel Island (Devis). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. S ? ad. sk. Choctum, Yera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
p. 
d ad.*; q, r. Choctum, Yera Paz (Salvin), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d jr. sk. 
s. $ ad. sk. Vera Paz. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
t. 
J ad.; u. d Petalhuleu, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
v. d jr. sk. Chisec, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w9 x. d $ ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Sclater Coll. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 

y. 
J ad. sk. Calderas, Yolcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 
z. 
d ad. sk. Barranco Hondo, Yolcan de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Fuego, Guatemala (Salvin). 
a!, d ad. sk. Yolcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
b'. d ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c'. d ad. sk, Central America (Delattre). Sclater Coll. 

d\ d jr. sk. Nicaragua. 
Purchased, 

e'. J ad. sk. Nicaragua (Salle). Sclater Coll. 

3. PAJCHYEHAMPHTJS. 
337 

6. Hadrostomus minor, 
Querula minor, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 363. 
Psaris roseicollis, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn. iv. pi. 28; d'Orb. "et \Lafi\ 


Syn. Av. i. p. 42 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 302. 
Pachyrhynchus pectoralis, 8w. An. in Menag. p. 288, 
Pachyrhamphus pectoralia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 73. 
Pachyrhamphus minor, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 241 j Bp, 

Consp. i. p. 180. 
Psaris pectoralis, Kaup, P. Zt 8. 1851, p. 46. 
Hadrostomus minor, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. SB j Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 240; 8cl. et 8alv. P. Z. 8 18GG, p. 190 (R Ucayali), 
1867, p. 579 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 617 
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl p. 56j Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120 j Tacs. 
P. Z.8. 1882, p.23 (N.E.Peru); 8alv. Ibis, 1885,p. 302 (Br.Guiana). 
Pachyrhamphus roseicollis, Set. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 73 (Bolivia) ? 
Above sooty-black, rather lighter on the rump, wings, and tail; 
concealed spot at the base of the scapularies white : beneath dark 
cinereous, with a rosy-red cervical band ; blotch at the base of the 
primaries inside white ; bill and feet black : whole length 6 inches, 
wing* 3*5, tail 2'6„ Female. Above cinereous ; rump^ edges of wing-
feathers, and whole tail chestnut-red • beneath pale cimxamomeous. 

Hah. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, and Colombia. 

a. S a(i- st« S. America. Purchased. 
b, c. <S $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
cl} e. <$ jr. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman. Coll. 
(WHtely\ 

f. 
S ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
g. $ ad. sk. British Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. cS ? ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lace), 

j. J ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wah Sclater Coll. 
lace). 
Jc. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros (Ilauxwell). J. Gould, Esq. 


1. 9 ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
m. J ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [P.]. 
n. S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. cS ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hauxioell), 
p. £ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater, CoU, 
q. S ad. sk. South America. Sclater Coll. 
3. PACHYRHAMPHUS. Type 
Pachyrhynchus, 8pix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 31 (1825) .., . P. viridis. 
Pachyrhaniphus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 31 (1840) P. viridis. 
Chloropsaris, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45 P. viridis. 
Zetetes, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 87 (1859) ... . P. niger. 
Bathmidurus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 243 (1847) P. atricapillus. 
Oallopsaris, Bp. Ann. 8c. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. t. L p. 134 

(1854) 
,.. . ^. * * P- versicolor. 

Under PachyrhampTius I place all the smaller and weaker 
VOL. xiv. z 

COTIKGIDJE. 

members of the Tityrine subfamily. The sexes are usually quite 
different in plumage, but in two species (nos. 7 & 8) the male 
appears to be always clad in female attire, and the sexes are therefore 
alike. Pachyrhamplms extends all over tropical America from 
South Mexico to Argentina. 

The nests and eggs of two species of this genus have been described 
by Euler (J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 223, 224:). The eggs are of a uniform 
chocolate-brown, unspotted. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Lesser wing-coverts black in males, rufous in 
females; head in males black. 
a. Back green. 
j Breast yellow 1. viridis, p. 338. 
J Breast greyish white 2. griseigularis, p. 339. 
b. Back black. 
J Under surface with cross bars 3. versicolor, p. 339. 
| Under surface white 4. surinamus, p. 340. 
B. Males above more or less cinereous with head 
black: females all rufous. 
j Beneath white. 5. cinereus, p. 341. 
( Beneath cinereous 6. spodiurus, p. 341. 

0. 
Both sexes all rufous. 
J Nape uniform 7. cinnamomeus, p, #42. 
j Nape cinereous 8. rufus, p. 343, 
D. Males black or cinereous, with broad white 
ends to the rectrices : females olivaceous or 
rufous, more or less yellowish beneath. 
c. Crown and front black ; no white lores. 
a'. Beneath black 9. niger, p. 343. 
b'. Beneath cinereous. 
j Smaller: clearer beneath 10. cinereiventris, p. 344. 
j Larger: darker beneath 11. polychropterus^.SAQ. 

d. 
Crown black; narrow white front and lores. 
c'. Larger: interscapulium black 12. major, p. 346. 
d!. Smaller. 
( Interscapulium cinereous 13. albogriseusj p. 347. 
| Interscapulium mixed with blackish 14. atricapiUus, p. 347. 

1. JPachyrliainplms viridis. 
Caracterizado verde corona negra, Azara, Apunt. ii. p, 184. 
Tityra viridis, Vieill Nouv. Bid. m. p. 348 (1816): id. JEnc. MSth. 


p. 860. V J 
Psaris cuvierii, Sw. Zool III. i. pi. xxxii.; Kaup, P. Z. S.1851, p. 45. 
Platyrhynchus dupontii, Vieill JEnc. Metk p. 843. 
Muscicapa nigriceps, Licht. Doubl. p. 56. 
Pachyrhynchus cuvieri, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 33, pi. xlv. %. 2; Sw. 
Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 85, pi. iv. 
Muscipeta nigriceps, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 914 (tf et $ ). 
Tityra vieillotii, Jard. et Selb. Ill Orn. i. pi. x. fig. 1(2). 
Pachyrhamphus viridis, Sol. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 75; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 240; Cab. et Mein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 56; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120; 
Scl et Salv. JVomencl. p. 56; Berl. J.f. 0.1873, p. 263 (S. Brazil); 
Tacz. P. Z. S.1874, p. 540; id. Orn. P4r. ii. p. 359; Berl et Jher. 
Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885; p. 44 (Kio Grande do Sul), 
3. PACHyKHAMPnus. 
Pachyrhamphus cuvierii, Cab. Wieym. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 242; 

Bp. Consp. i. p. 180. 

Pachyrhamphus nigriceps, Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 454; JEuter, J. /. 0. 

1867, p. 224 (nest). 

Pachyrhamphus vieilloti, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 51 ($). 

Above green, wings and tail blackish, edged with green ; crown 
black ; back of neck and sides of head grey ; lores and front white: 
beneath white; breast and under wing-coverts yellow; bill and 
feet dark plumbeous: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2-2. 
Female similar, but crown green like the back, and lesser wing-
coverts bright rufous. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a,b. cJ $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 

c. tf ad. sk. Pemambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater Coll. 
d, e. $ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f-i. 6 ad. ;j, k. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 ad. sk. 
I S ad. sk. Bahia. Sudbury Mus. [E.]. 

m. tf ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. $ jr. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o, p. <$ ad. 5 q9 r. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 

2. Pachyrhamphiis griseigularis. 
Pachyrhamphus 
griseigularis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 208, et 
1884, p. 448 (Brit. Guiana); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 302, pi. viii. 
(Brit. Guiana). 

Above green; crown black; lores white; wings black, secondaries 
slightly edged with greenish; tail blackish, slightly edged 
with green: beneath greyish white; sides of neck and flanks tinged 
with green; under wing-coverts pale yellow; bill and feet dark 
plumbeous: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-2. Female 
similar, but head green like the back, and wing-coverts chestnut-
red. 

Hob. British Guiana. 

This is a very distinct species, allied to P. viridis, but distinguished 

by its grey under surface and the want of the cinereous nape. 

a, b. <S 2 ad. sk. Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). (Types of the species.) 

3. Pachyrhamplras versicolor. 
Vireo versicolor, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 289. 
Pachyrhamphus squamatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291, et 1844, 

p. 46. 
Pachyrhamphus 
versicolor, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 51; Cab. 
Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 243 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181 ( d et 2); ScL 

F.Z. S.1855, p. 150,1857, p.76 (Bogota), et 1858, p 71 (Rio Napo) ; 
id. Cat A. B. p. 243: Bel et Salv. Nomenel p. 56 ; iid. F. Z. S. 1879„ 
p. 518 (Antioquia) * Tacz. F.Z.S. 1874, p.540 (C.Peru), 1879, 
p. 
230: (N. Peru), et 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Fir. ii. 
z 2 
340 COTINGUDiE. 

p. 300; Bone. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica) ; Berl. et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1HH4, p. 298, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador). 
Psaris versicolor, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45. 
Psaria sulplmreicollis, LieJrf. in Mus. Berol. 
Oallopsaris versicolor, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 89 (note). 
Above black; lores and sides of head greenish: lower back 

cinereous: wings black, coverts and secondaries edged with, white ; 

tail grey, with slight white tips to the lateral feathers: beneath 

white; throat and breast tinged with yellowish green, and covered 

with numerous fine transverse bands of blackish, more or less distinct ; 

middle of belly paler; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 

wing-feathers white; bill and feet dark plumbeous : whole length 

5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2*1. Female similar, but head plumbeous, 

upper back greenish, wing-coverts and outer margins of wing-

feathers rufous, and body below more yellowish and less distinctly-

barred. 

Ilab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

This species stands alone in the genus in showing numerous 

transverse bars on the lower surface. 

«,#.<£$ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased, 
c, d. J ad.; e,f. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk, 
(/, //. c? $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i. cS ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
/. (S ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Gcdman Coll. 
(Salmon), 
k, I. <$ $ a(l- sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coil. 

m. d ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
4. Pachyrhamplms surinamus. 
Muscicapa surinama, Linn. S. JSr. i. p. 825. 
Tityra Surinam a, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1848, p. 62, pi. xi. (<$ ad.). 
Psaris surinamus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 181. 
Paclryrliamphus surinamus, JScl P. Z. S. 1857, p. 74; id. Cat. A. B. 


p. 241; 8cl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56. 
Zetetes surinamus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 88. 
Bathmidurus melanoleucus <$ (excl. syn.), Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, 
pt. i. p. 244 (?). 
Paekyrkamphus dimidiatus, Be Filippi, Cat. Mus. Mediol. p. 31. 

Above shining black, with steel-bluish spots on the head; large 
patch on the sides of the back, at the base of the scapularies, white : 
beneath pure white; under wing-coverts, inner margins of wing-
feathers, and tips of outer rectrices white; bill dark plumbeous; 
feet black: whole length 5'S inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*3. Female. 
Head and outer wing-margins dark ferruginous; upper back 
cinereous ; lower back and whole under surface white. 

Hab. Cayenne. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
c,d. d 2 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

e. S ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
3 . •PA.CDTTRnA.MPTIirs. 
311 

5. Pachyrhamphus cinereus. 
Manakin cendre* cle Cayenne, Daub. PL Bnl 087 ih* 1 
Pipra cinerea, Bodd. fable d. PL Enl. p. 43, °* 
Pipra atricapilla, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 1003. 
Lanius mitratus, Licht, Doubl. p. 50. 


Pachyrhynchus leucogastor, Sw. An. in Mmaq. p. 280 
Psaris atricapillua, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45'. 


Pacliyrhynchus simplex, Less, Echod. M. 8.1814. p. 231 • Eartl Uev. 

Zool 1846, p, 2. 
Pachyrhamphus mitratus, Barm. Si/st. TJeh. ii. p. 451. 
Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Cab. 'Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. I. p. 242; 

id. in Schomb. Oiuan. iii, p. 608; Bp. Pouvp. I. p. 181. 
Pachyrhamphus cinereus, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1857, p.' 75; id. Oaf A B 

p. 241 j Cab. et IMn. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 80 j Laivr. Ann Lt/e V 
Y. vii. p. 330 (Colombia) j Sel. et 8ah. P. Z. S. IrtlU, p. 3(51 
(Panama), 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 570 (L. Amazoiw), 
et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru); iid. Womencl. p. 56; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
p. 121; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 300. 
Psaris parinus, Kaup, P. Z. S.1851, p. 48. 
Pachyrhamphus griseus, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 18 (Bogota). 


Above cinereous; cap black; front and lores white; wings 
blackish, secondaries and coverts edged with white ; tail dark grey 
with slight white terminations : beneath white, sides greyish ; bill 
dark plumbeous ; feet blackish : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*7, 
tail 1*9. Female. Above chestnut-red: beneath pale cinnamomeous; 
throat and middle of belly white. 


Hob. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower 
Amazonia. 


a, b. c? ad. sk. Lion Hill, Panama (Mo Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Leannan). 
c, d. <3 2 ad. sk. Line of Railway, Panama (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. 5 ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. cf ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Selater Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Santa Maria, U. S. C. Selater Coll. 
h. $ ad.; i. <S Bogota. Selater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
j. <$ ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased. 
'k. c? ad. sk. Trinidad. Selater Coll. 
I $ ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelshi), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. $ 2 ad. sk. Cayenne. Selater Coll. 
o. $ ad. sk Paramaribo, Surinam. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
p. ($ ad. sk. Para, Upper Amazons (Wallace). Selater Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Mexiana. Selater Coll. 
r. <$ ad.; s, t. $ Para. P. Graham, Esq. 
ad. st. [P.l. 
u. <$ ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
6. Pachyrhamphtis spodiurus. (Plate XXY.) 
Pachyrhamphus spodiurus, Scl P. Z. S.1860, pp. 270, 296 (Ecuador); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 241: Scl. et 8alv. Nomench p. 56 j Tacz. Orn. 

342 
COTINGIDiE. 

Fir. ii. p. 362 5 Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, p. 559, et 1885, p. 93 
(Ecuador). 
Pachyrhamphus sp. inc., Tacz. P. Z. S.1882, p. 23. 

Above dark cinereous; head and upper back black; lores grey; 

wings and tail blackish • narrow edgings of wing-coverts, and most 

of wing-feathers and extreme tips of tail-feathers whitish: beneath, 

paler, nearly uniform cinereous, lighter on the middle of the belly; 

broad inner margins 
of wing-feathers white: whole length 5-5 

inches, wing 3, tail 2*3. Female. Above dark chestnut-red; beneath 

paler, more cinnamomeous. 

Ifab. Western Ecuador. 

a, b. c? $ ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types 
of the species.) 

c. J ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Fraser [0.]. 
7. Pachyrhamplms cinnamomeus. 
Pachyrhamphus 
cinnamomeus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 295 
(Colombia), viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), et ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica) : 
Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; 8cl. et Sate. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 5l8 (Antioquia) j Berl. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 305 (Bucaramauga); 
Mdgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 326. 

Above chestnut-red; wings blackish, edged with chestnut; tail 

uniform chestnut: beneath pale cinnamomeous, whiter on the 

throat and middle of the belly; bill and feet dark plumbeous: whole 

length 6 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*5. Female similar in plumage, 

but second primary not abbreviated. 

Hab. Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

In our remarks on this species (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518), Mr. Salvin 
and I have expressed the present state of our views upon the difficult 
question of the true status of these uniform red Becards. The 
positive solution of the problem must be left to observers in the 
field. 

a. <3 ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$• Godm.). 
d. <S ad. sk. 
Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
e. 
J ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Carmiol). 
/, g. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Arei). 
A, i <S ad.; ;, h. $ Lion Hill, Panama Salvin-Godman ColL 
ad. sk. (McLeannan). 
I, m. <S ad. ;n,o. $ Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk 

p. 
$ ad. sk. Chepo, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Arci). 
q,r. 
c?$ ad.sk. Remedios, Antioquia/U.S.C. Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Salmon). 

3 . PACHTEHAMPHXJS. 343 
s,t. <$2 ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
v, to. d $ ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk.
y. Jr. sk. 
Remedios, Antioquia,
U. S. 0. (Salmon), 
Balzar Mts., Ecuador(Ehngworth). 
Bogota. 
Cauta, U. S. C. 
Upper Ucayali. 
Sclater Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
E. W. Wyatt re 
E. Bartlett [0.]. 
.]. 

8. Pachyrhamphiis riifiis. 
Gobemouehe roux de Cayenne, Daub. PI. JEnl 453.fio-.1 (?). 
Muscicapa rufa, Bodd. Table d. PI. JEnl p. 27. ° 
Muscicapa rufescens, <?m. %*. ito. i. p. 932: Lath. Jnd. Orn. i. 


p. 487. 
Pachyrhynchus rufescens, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 34, pi. 40.fig. 2. 
Tityra castanea, Jard. et Selh. III Orn. pi. x. fio\ 2. 
Muscipeta aurantia, ikfe. Beitr. iii. p. 911 (tf net $, descr. opt.). 
Pachyrhynchus ruficeps, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 288. 
Pachyrhamphus rufescens, Sol. P. Z. S.1857, p. 79 (Brazil); Pelz. 
Orn. Bras. p. 122; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 368. 
Pachyrhamphus rufus, Berl. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 264 (S. Brazil): Scl. et 
Sato. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518. 
Pachyrhamphus intermedins, Berl Orn. Centralbl 1879, p. 63; id. 

J. f. 0.1879, p. 208 (Venezuela). 
j 

Above chestnut-brown; wings blackish, edged with chestnut-
brown ; tail chestnut-brown; eye-region and broad line round the 
nape cinereous: beneath pale cinnamomeous; under wing-coverts 
and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; bill plumbeous ; 
feet dark brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail*2*7. Female 
similar, but second primary not modified. 

Bah. Brazil, Amazonia, and Yenezuela. 

Graf von Berlepsch has lately separated the Venezuelan form of 
this species as P. intermedins; but I cannot find any differences 
between Venezuelan and Brazilian specimens. 

a. Ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wuchere?'). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e f. S $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. S. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. 6 ? ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
/ h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. 5 ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 

m. <j> ad.sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
9. Pachyrhamphus niger. 
Pachyrhynchus niger, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 33, pi. 45. fig. 1; Sw. An. 
in Menag. p. 290. . ,rt„, o« 
Pachyrhamphus niger, Scl Cat. A. P. p. 241; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 
(Trinidad); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 978 (Amazonia), 18/3, 

•D 284 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, 
p! 169 (Sta. Marta); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id. 
Orn. Ptr. ii. j>. 363 ; Sab. Ibis, 1885, p. 302 (Br. Guiana). 
344 COTINGID^. 

Psaris niger, Sw. Zool. Journ. ii. p 356; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181. 

Batlimidurus niger, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i, p. 243; id. in 

Schomb, Guian. iii. p. 698. 

Pachyrhamphus nigriventris, Mater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 76. 

Zetetes niger, Cab. et Kein, Mm. Hein. ii. p. 87. 

Above sooty black, feathers of the crown shining black; wings 
and tail dull black: both rows of wing-coverts edged with white, 
forming two transverse bands; broad tips of outer tail-feathers 
white : beneath sooty black, in some specimens with a cinereous 
tinge ; bill and feet dark plumbeous: whole length 5*8 inches, 
wing 3, tail 2*3. Female. Above greenish, with a cinnamomeous 
tinge on the back ; wings blackish, edged with cinnamomeous ; tail 
blackish, all the lateral rectrices broadly ended with clear cinnamomeous 
: beneath pale yellowish green, bend or the wing and 
inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous. 

Hob. Amazonia, Oolombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Guiana. 

Spix gives no precise locality for his P. niger; but we may conjecture 
that his specimens were from Upper Amazonia. My descriptions 
are from a pair obtained at Pebas, by HauxweH, the male of 
which is quite as black below as is represented in Spix's figure. 
Venezuelan and Guianan specimens are rather more cinereous on 
the belly, and betray a transition towards the next species. 

a. Ad. sk. South America* Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater ColL 
c. £ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
d. e. tf ad. sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman OolL 
/. Jad.sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goermg). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater ColL 
h. $ ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman ColL 
hj-<<£ ad. sk. Rorairna, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman ColL 
k, I. <$ Q ad. sk. Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
m. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
n. <$ ad.sk. Para. R.. Graham, Esq. [P.]. 
o,p. d 2 ad.sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxioell). Sclater ColL 
q. $ ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Eatixwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. <5 ad. sk. Nauta, Amazons (Hcwxwell). Salvin-Godman ColL 
8. <$ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
t) u. $ ad. et '<S Rio Napo, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
jr. sk. 
v, to. tf ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10. Pachyrhamphus cinereiventris. 
Pachyrhamphus cinereiventris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 242; Scl. et Salv. 
P. "Z. 8. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1879, p. 518 (Antioquia) ; Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. p. 116 (CostaRica),- Salv. P. Z. S.1867,p. 149, 
et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Front*. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 309 (Costa 
Rica); Boucard, P. Z. S.1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica); Ridgw. P. U.S. 
N. M. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua). 
Pachyrhamphus dorsalis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 243. 
Above black; feathers of head with shining steel-bluish shaft-
spots ; rump cinereous; wings black, edged with white; tail black, 

3 . PACHTKHAMPHTTS. 
345 

tipped with white: beneath, cinereous; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white ; bill dark plumbeous; feet blackish : 
whole length 5'5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-3. Female. Olivaceous, 
wings and tail bluish, edged and tipped with cinnamomeous: beneath 
yellowish. 

Hob, 'Central America and Colombia. 

The type specimen of P. cinereiventris (p) is from Santa Marta, 
and agrees well with specimens obtained by Simons in the same 
district (n, o). They have the belly slightly freckled with white. 
In Bogota skins (on one of which the name P. dorsalis was based) 
and in most of the Central-American specimens the belly is of a 
clear cinereous, unfreckled. Some of the Panama skins are, however, 
intermediate. 

I am not quite satisfied as to the distinctness of this form from 
the Brazilian P. polychropterus. 

a. tf ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. <3 $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Ckbiqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. S $ ad. sk. Ckiriqiii (Arce'). Sclater Coll. 
/. d ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 3 ad. sk. Santa F6, "Veragua (ArcS).' 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. c? ad, sk. Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
i,j. S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
k, I. $ ad. sk. Lion Hill, Panama (McLean-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
nan). 

m. J ad. sk. Near Panama city (Phoads). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. (S ad. sk. Santa Marta,U. S*. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of P. cinereiventris.) 

q. <$ ad. sk. Antiocmia, U. S. C. (Salmon). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. t (Type 
of P. dorsalis,) 

s. 
d ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t~v. 5 ad.sk. Bogota. 

11. Pachyrhamphus polychropterus. 
Platyrhynchus polvchropterus, Vieill. Nouv. Did. xxvii. p. 10; id. 
JSnc. MUh. p. 835; Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 357. 
Pachyrhynchus variegatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 31, pi. 43. fig. 2 

(6 jnn.). 
Muscipeta splendens, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 906 (<$ ad.). 
Pachyrhynchus spixii, Sio. An. in Menag. p. 289. 
Bathmidurus variegatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 244; 

Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 452. 
Psaris marginatus tristis, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48. 
Pachyrhamphus polychropterus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 77 (S.E. 

Brazil), et 1859, p. 56; id. Cat. A. B. p. 242; Peh. Orn. Bras. 

p. 121; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 
(L. Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56; Bumf. Ibis, 1878, p. 61 
(Buenos Ayres) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 140 (Bio 
Gr. do Sul); Scl. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 162. 
Zetetes polychropterus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 87. 

346 
COTINGIDiE. 

Larger than P. cinereiventris, and of a darker colour beneath: 
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2-5. 
Hab. Brazil and N. Argentina. 

a,b. d 2 ad. sk. 

c. c? ad. sk. 
d. S ad. sk. 
c. S ad. sk. 
/". (J ad. sk. 
(/, h, 2 ^d. sk. 
i-k. $ ad. sk. 
I. cS ad. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk. 
w. <J ad. sk. 
o. S ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Mexiana, Lower Amazons 

( Wallace). 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Bakia, Brazil. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Pelotas, Eio Grande do Sul, 

Brazil (Joyner). 
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 

(Plant).

Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. 

Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

M. Claussen [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

H. Burnford [C.]. 
12. Pachyrlmmplras major. 
Bathmidurus major, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 246; Cab. et 

Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 89. 
Psaris major, Bp. Consp. i. p. 181. 
Psaris marginatus major, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p^48. 
Pachyrbamphus marginatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 298. 
Pachyrhamphus major, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 78, 204 (Jalapa), 

1858, p. 97 (S. Mexico), 1859, p. 366 (Jalapa), et 1864, p. 176 
(Mexico) j id. Cat. A. B. p. 242; Scl et 8ah. Ibis, 1860, p. 36 
(Coban); iid. Nomencl p. 56; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 
(Yucatan)• Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 326. 

Above cinereous, crown and nape shining black, lores whitish, 
middle of back more or less varied with black; wings black, broadly 
edged with white, scapularies white: tail black, broadly tipped with 
white: beneath pale cinereous white; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white; bill dark plumbeous; feet brown : 
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*6. Female. Above chestnut-
red, crown black • wings and tail black, edged with rufous: beneath 
pale yellowish white. 

Hah, Mexico and Guatemala. 

a. c? ad. sk. Near City of Mexico (White), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Hoge). Salvin-Godman Coll 
c. $ ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d,e. cf 2 ad. sk. Mexico (SalM). Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
ff, h. tf 2 ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. $ 2 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k cT jr. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman ColL 

I. d jr. sk. Vera Paz. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.l 
m. 2 ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman ColL 
n. 
<$ ad. sk. Medio Monte, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
3 . PACHYRHAMPHTJS. 
347 
o. 
$ ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Sahriri). 
p. J ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. $ jr. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll. 
13. Pachyrhamphus albogriseus. 
Pachyrhamphus albogriseus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 78; id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 242 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad); Scl. et Salv. 
P. Z. S.1868, p. 168 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl p. 5(3; Salv. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Tacz. P. Z. S.1879, p. 236, et 1880, p. 203 
(N.Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 361; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, 
p. 559, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador). 
Bathmidurus albogriseus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80. 
Above cinereous, crown and nape shining black, lores white; wings 
black, edged with white; tail black, broadly tipped with white: 
beneath white, tinged with cinereous, under wing-coverts and inner 
edges of wing-feathers white; bill dark plumbeous; feet dark brown: 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*4. Female. Above dusky 
olive, head darker, lores white; wings blackish, edged with yellowish 
rufous ; tail black, broadly tipped with pale ochraceous: beneath 
pale grey-olive; middle of belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts 
yellowish. 


Hab. Nicaragua, Yeragua, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. 

This species is distinguishable from P. major by its smaller size, 
cinereous back, and the different colour of the female, which has 
the back olivaceous instead of chestnut-red. 

a 2 ad. sk. Nicaragua (Sahiri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6lcJad.sk. Veragua {Arct). Sclater Coll. 
c d. Jad.sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arc£), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e <$ ir. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll. 
ia. tf 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. m 

Jii/ +

 (Types of the species.) 
A, *. 2 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq., 

7. 0 ad. sk. Pallatanga,Ecuador{Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
h 6 ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ Jad.sk. Merida, Venezuela(Goering). Sclater Coll. 
14. Pachyrhamphus atricapillus. 
Lanius atricapillus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 302. 
Todus marginatus, Liclit. Doubl. p. 51. 
Muscipeta marginata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 909. 
Pachyrhynchus swainsonii, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn, ii. Add. no. 6 


(1829) j 8w. An. in Menag. p. 288. 
Pachyrhynchus albifrons, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 289. 
Pachyrhynchus marginatus, cPOrb. Voy.} Ois. p. 303, pi. 31. 
Pachyrhamphus marginatus, Sclater, P. Z. S.1857, p. 77. 
Bathmidurus marginatus, Burnt. Syst Ueb. ii. p. 451. 
Bathmidurus atricapillus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 245 ; Cab. 

et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 89. 

348 
COTLN-GIDiE. 

Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 242; Pelz. Orn. B?-as. 

p. 121; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 751 (E. Peru), p. 978 (Amazonia), 
1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 017 (Bolivia); iid. Nomenel 
p. 50; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 344 
(N.E. Brazil); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 305; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 302 
(Br. Guiana). 
Above cinereous, middle of the back more or less stained with 

black; cap shining black, front and lores white ; wings black, edged 

with white; tail black, broadl}T tipped with white: beneath pale 

whitish cinereous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of the 

wing-feathers white ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet dark brown: whole 

length 5 inches, wing 2'8, tail 2-2. Female. Above dull olive, head 

more or less mfescent; wings black, edged with rufous ; tail black, 

broadly tipped with rufous : beneath yellowish. 

Hob. Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil. 

My description is based upon Brazilian skins, from which Guianan 

specimens do not materially differ, except in the rather smaller size. 

Whether the Yenezuelan specimens (a, b) and some others of the 

series can be correctly referred here is, I confess, a matter of some 

doubt. Much more study of this difficult group is necessary before 

it can be considered that the species are satisfactorily made out. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe-Sclater Coll. 
ring). 
b. <$ jr. sk. Caracas, Venezuela ( Goei-ing). Sclater Coll. 
Bartiea Grove, Brit. Guiana 
c $ ad. sk. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Whitely).

d. <$ ad. sk. Merume Sits., Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll 

( Tindtehj), 

e. tfad.; / . tf jr. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. (Whitely). 
9, h- 6 ? ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne, 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 

hj. d $ ad.sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. 

Sclater Coll. 

k $ ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. 

Sclater Coll. 

1 <3 ad. sk. Chamicuros, Upper Amazons. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
m, n. S ad.; o. $ Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ad. sk. 
p- d ad. sk. Bio Napo. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
q. <$ jr. sk. Bahia, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 

r. S ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. 2 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E.X 
t d ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Sclater CoU. 

u. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
v. g ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater CoU. 

Subfamily II. LIPAUGINJE. 

The LipangincB are a small group of birds intermediate in some 
respects between the Pipridce and the Qotmgidce, but best placed, 
perhaps, within the limits of the latter family. The foot-structure 
in some cases (Aulia) comes very near to that of the Pipridce^ in 
others assimilates to that of the typical Gotingidce. In general th e 

4. CniHOCYLLA. 
340 
colours of the Lipauginos are, as thoir naiuo indicates, dull and 
unattractive, but the newly discovered Laihria streptophora is a 
brilliant exception to this rule. The area of distribution of the 
Lipauginas extends from Southern Mexico to Bolivia and South 
Brazil. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Primaries of male abnormally reduced 4. CIIIROCYLLA, p. 349. 
B. Primaries normal. 
a. 
Back of tarsus smooth; rictus feebly bristled. 
a'. External toes united at the base 5. LATHRIA, p. 350. 
b'. External toes united to the end of the 
second phalanx 
6. AULIA, p. 354. 

b. Back of tarsus rough; rictus much bristled; 
tarsi more feeble, and external toes united 
at the base only 7. LIPAUGUS, p. 356. 
4. CHIEOCYLLA. rr 
Type. 
Chirocylla, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p.357 C. uropygialis. 

The very singular structure of the reduced and twisted primaries 

350 
COTINGIDiE. 

in the malo sufficiently characterizes this singular form from 
Ecuador. 

1. Chirocylla uropygialis. 
Lathria 
uropygialis, Sd. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, pi. xxxii, et 
1879, p. 617 (Bolivia). 

Above dark cinereous, ramp dark chestnut-red : beneath paler, 
flanks and crissum dark chestnut-red; bill horn-colour; feet black: 
whole length 10-5 inches, wing 5'5, tail 5'6. Female similar in 
colour, but wings less modified. 

Hab. Ecuador. 

a. 6 
ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclater Coll. 1 
(Buckley). I 
b,c. d 
? ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. j> 
(Buckley). I 

d. $ 
ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. J 
(Types of the species.) 
5. LATHRIA. Type_ 
Lathria, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 255 (1837) L. cinerea. 
The eight species of this genus are spread over the same area as 
the subfamily, but only one of them occurs north of Panama. They 
fall into three categories as regards general coloration.—cinereous, 
rufous, and green. Except in L. streptophora, the sexes are nearly 
alike. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
General plumage cinereous; no bright neck-
collar. 
a. Size large, wing more than 6 in 1. fuscoeinerea, p. 350. 
b. Size moderate, wing less than 6 in, 
a'. Wings and tail washed with rufous ... . 2. xdrussu, p. 351. 
b'. Wings and tail cinereous. 
I Larger: belly lighter 3. plumbea, p. 351. 
1 Smaller: belly darker 4. cxnerea, p. 352. 

B. 
General plumage cinereous; male with a 
bright pink neck-collar 5. steptophora, p. 352. 
C. General plumage rufous 
6. unirufa, p. 353. 
D. 
General plumage green; axillaries bright 
yellow .', 
head-spot black 7. sulalaris, p. 353. 
head-spot chestnut 8. cryptolopha, p. 354 

1. Lathria fuscocinerea. 
Querula fuscocinerea, Lafr, JRev. Zool. 1843, p. 291. 
Lipaugus fuscocinereus, HartL JRev. Zool. 1846, p. 3: Bp. Consp. i. 


p. 179; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota), 1858, p. 71 (Eio 
Napo), et 1861, p. 210 (Colombia) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 243; ScL 
et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6, 
5, LATHRIA. 
251 

Lathria fuscocinerea, Cab. et Eein. Mus. ITein. ii p 101 • Sel et 
Salv. Nomencl. p 56 ;ud. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518 (Antioquia); Bed. 

J.f. v. Ibb^j p. 30b (Bucaranianga). 
Above cinereous ; wings and tail darker : beneath rather paler • 
crjssum washed with rufous : whole length 12*5 inches, wing G-8* 
tail 6. Female similar. ' 

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 

?' ff' f* Colombia. Purchased. 
6. Ad. sk.6J ^ d, / k ;
d. $ ad. sk. 
Colombia. 
Bogota. ^ 
Alegria, Antioquia, U. S. 0.
(Salmon). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk Baisa, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Lathria virussu. 

Lipaugus virussu, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 122. 
Lathria virussu, Cab. J.f. 0.1874, p. 90. 
Lipaugus plumbeus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 210: id. Cat. A. B. r>. 243 : 


Scl. et Sato. JEx. Orn. p. 6. r ' 
Lathria plumbea, Sol. § Said. Notnencl, p. 56. 

Above cinereous: wings and tail darker, tinged with rufous: 
beneath paler; belly and crissum tinged with rufous; bill blackish ; 
feet dark brown: whole length 10*5 inches, wing 5*4, tail 4-6. 
Female similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

I have formerly considered this bird to be the true L. plumbea, 
but Lichtenstein's description appears to be intended for the next 
species, as v. Pelzeln has pointed out. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
c. tf ad. sk. Matto-dentro, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimen.) 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
e. Ad.'sk. Brazil. ^ Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Tropical America. Sclater Coll. 
3. Lathria pltunbea. 
Muscicapa plumbea, Licht. Doubl. p. 53; Max. Beitr. iii.jp. 806. 
Muscicapa vociferans, Max. JRetse n. Brasil. i. p. 242, et ii. p. 118. 
Lipaugus cineraceus, Barm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 421. 
Lathria plumbea, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia). 


Above cinereous; wings and tail blackish cinereous: beneath 
paler, much lighter on the belly; bill and feet blackish : whole 
length 9*5 inches, wing 4-9, tail 4*4. Female similar ? 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 
I am a little doubtful about the distinctness of this and the next 

COTINGID-SE. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
b-d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk Gaunai, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Lathria cinerea. 
Le Cotinga cendre, Le Vaill Ois. A?ner. et Ind. p. 98, pi. 44. 
Ampelis cinerea, Vieill. Kouv. Diet, viii. p. 162 (1817). 
Ampelis cineracea, Vieill Enc. Meth. p. 761. 
Lathria cinerea, Siu. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 78, pi, 2 ; Salv. Cat. 


Strickl Coll. p. 325; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 302 (Br. Guiana). 
Lipaugus cineraceus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 234; id. in 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 693 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.1861, p. 210; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 243 ; Bel. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6; ml P. Z. S.1867, p. 579 
(L. Amazons), et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru). ^ 
Lathria cineracea, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 100; 8cl. et Salv. 
No?nencl p. 66 j Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 368. 
Lipaugus plnmbeus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 122 (?). 


Above cinereous; wings and tail dark cinereous : beneath paler; 

bill and feet blackish: whole length 9 inches, wing 4*7, tail 4. 

Female similar, but wing-coverts and outer secondaries stained wit h 

rufous. 

Hob. Cayenne, Guiana, and Amazonia. 

a. 
<5 ad.; b, c. § Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (Whitely). 
d. J ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
e. 6* ad. sk. MerumS Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
ad-s^*

f. g. 6 2 Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman CoH, 
(Whitely). 
L Ad. sk. British Guiana. B. Geogr. Soc. [P.]. 


i. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Ooll. 
j. 6* ad. sk. Maroni Biver, Surinam (J£ap- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
pier). 
7c, I. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. 
Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll. 
lace), 
n. Ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
o, p. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman CoiL 
5. Lathria streptophora. 
Lathria streptophora, 
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 448, pi. xiv.; 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 303, et 1886, p. 502 (Br. Guiana). 

Clear cinereous, paler beneath; a broad bar across the throat, 
which is carried round the neck in a narrow collar, and the crissura 
bright rosy pink: whole length frfr inches, wing 4*9, tail 3-7. 
Female similar, but without the pink collar, and with the crissum 
rufous. 

Hab. Interior of British Guiana. 

5 . LATKEIA. 353 
«, b. tf ad. sk. 

Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). (Types of the species.) 

c £ ad.; d, e. § 

Twek-quey mi, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ad. sk. 

Brit. Guiana (Whitely). 

6. Lathria xarirufa. 
Lipaugus unirufus, Scl. P. Z S. 1859, p. 385 (Oaxaca), 1861, p. 211; 
td. Cat A B. p. 244; Sal et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 36 ; iid. Rv. Orn. 
S& J> 6.' P1; *• 5iid- P< Z» & 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 

Lawr' Ann' L%JC N' Y vii P- 330

VrS^wtl--- (Panama); Salv. 

> et 1870> P- 199

P* £i*vi?67> P-149 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872, 

p. olo (Nicaragua). 
Lathria unirufa, Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 56; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 518 (Antioquia) • 2&%w. P. J7.& 2V. ikf. vi. p. 404 (Nicaragua). 
Nearly uniform clear brown, rather paler beneath; bill pale 
horn-colour; feet blackish: whole length 9*7 inches, wing 5-4, 
tail 4*3. Female similar. 

Hob. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Northern 
Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0, Salvin, Esq. [0.]. 
b1 c. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk, Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq. 
g. Ad. sk. British Honduras (Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i,j. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. § ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. c? ad. sk. Panama (McZeannari). SalvkwGodman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. § ad. sk. Bemedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. <$ ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia, IT. S. C. (Salmon).Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. Lathria subalaris. 
Lipaugus subalaris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 210, 211 (Ecuador), 
Lathria subalaris, Scl. et Salv. Ea. Orn. p. 3, pi. ii. 

Olive-green, -wings dark cinereous edged with green; tail cinereous 
; large crown-spot black: beneath paler, with slight yellowish 
shaft-spots on the breast; on belly, crissum, and flanks passing into 
cinereous; under wing-coverts bright yellow; bill and feet cinereous 
: whole length 8-5 inches, wing 5-2, tail 4*6. Female similar, 
but black head-spot absent or barely shown. 

Eab. Eastern Ecuador. 

a. A<J. sk. Rio Napo, J. Gould, Esq, 
(Type of the species.) 
bj c. J\d. ad. $ Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
ad. sk. 
<*,/. 6 $ ad, sk. 
g. 2 ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Upper Amazons, 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
VOL. XIT. 2 A 

354 
COIMGIDJE. 

8. Lathria cryptolopha. 
Lathria cryptolopha, Scl et Salv. J^Z. 8. 1877, p. 522 (Ecuador). 
Above deep olive-green; small crown-spot dark chestnut-red; 
wings and tail ashy brown edged with olive-green: beneath more 
yellowish, brighter in the middle of the belly; under wing-coverts 
bright yellow; inner margins of wing-feathers fulvous ; bill black; 
feet dark plumbeous: whole length 9 inches, wing 4*6, tail 4*2. 

Hal. Eastern Ecuador. 
a. Ad. sk. Mongi, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 

6. AULIA. Type 
Laniocera, Less. Rev. Zool 1840, p. 353 (?) A. hypopyrrha (?). 
Aulia, Bp. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 4 (1854) A. hypopyrrha. 
Lathriosoma, Bp. MS. A. rufescens. 

These two birds are remarkable for the irregular spotting of the 
lower plumage which prevails in the male sex. One of them ranges 
over Amazonia, Guiana, and Brazil; the other seems to be restricted 
to the Panamanic Isthmus and the adjoining parts of Colombia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. General plumage cinereous 1. hypopyrrha, p. 354. 
B. General plumage rufous 
2. rufescens, p. 355. 
1. Aulia hypopyrrha. 
Ampelis hypopyrrha, Vieill Nouv. JMct, viii. p. 164; id. JBne. Mith. 
p. 762. 
Lipaugus hypopyrrhus, Hard. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 3; Bp. Consp. L 
p. 179; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211; id. Cat. A. B. p. 244. 
Ptilochloris hypopyrrhus, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1846, pp. 43,239, et 1847, 
p. 185. 
Laniocera hypopyrrha, Hartl Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 112. 
Aulia hypopyrrha, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 101; Peh. Orn. Bras. 
p. 123; Sol. et Salv. Roc. Orn. p. 6: iid. Nomeml v. 57: Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 303 (Br. Guiana). 
Muscicapa sibilatrk, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 810. 
Lipaugus sibilatrix, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 422. 
Laniocera sanguinaria, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 353 (jr.). 
Lipaugus lateralis, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. I. pi. 60: Sel et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 751, 757, et 1873, p. 285 (El Peru). 
Aulia lateralis, 
Scl et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6; iid. Nomencl p. 57; 
Relz. Orn. Bras. p. 124; Toe*. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 369. 

Above cinereous; wings blackish, edged with cinereous; wing-
coverts and outer secondaries terminated by a clear ochraceous 
spot, which is in many eases bordered above and below by a black 

6 . ATTLIA. 355 
edging; tail dark cinereous, tipped with pale rufous: benoath paler 

cinereous, middle of belly ornamented by bright rufous feathers, 

which are tipped with black spots ; crissum pale reddish ochraeeous, 

with slight occasional black spots; patch on each side of breast 

reddish ochraeeous or yellow, with similar occasional black spots; 

under wing-coverts white, faintly barred with blackish; bill and 

feet blackish brown: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 3*5. 

Female similar, but without any black spots below; patch on sides 

of breast yellow or ochraeeous. 

Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, and S.E. Brazil. 

I was formerly of opinion that the Guianan and S.E. Brazilian 

forms of this species might be distinct. But with the present 

series before me, I can find no evidence of this being the case. 

Fully plumaged males from these different localities present no 

material differences. The side-patches vary from yellow to ochra


eeous red in specimens from both localities. 

a, b. <$ J ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
c-e. 5 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, 9-<$ ? a(*-s^- Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
h.' $ ad. sk. Brazil (?). Sclater Coll. 

i,j. c?ad.;&. $ Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

'ad. sk. (Whitely). 

I. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). ^ 
in. 5 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n. d &d. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartktt). Sclater Coll. 
o. d ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartktt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. (S ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
q, r. $ ad. sk Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
s, t. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Aulia rufescens. 
Lipaugus rufescens, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p, 276 (Guatemala), et 18G1, 
p. 211; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 
18G4, p. 361 (Panama); iid. Ex. Orn. pp. 5, 6, pi. iii.; Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. p. 330 (Panama), et ix. p. 116 (Costa Eica); 
Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 203 (Guatemala); id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149 
(Veragua) ; Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Eica). 
Aulia rufescens, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 57; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519 
(Antioquia). 
Lathriosoma typicum, Bp. MS. 

Above reddish brown, beneath paler; rump and body beneath 
crossed by fine, nearly obsolete, black bars; breast and belly marked 
with irregular rounded black spots; wings blackish, edged with 
brown, and more or less spotted with black; tail uniform reddish 
brown; lateral patch of plumes yellow; under wing-coverts clear 
reddish brown; bill blackish; feet brown : whole length 8*5 inches, 
wing 4*4, tail 3*6. Female similar, but without the black spots on 
the lower surface, and lateral plumes less developed. 

Bab. Costa Eica, Yeragua, Panama, and Northern Colombia. 

2A2 

35 6 COTIN-GIDiE. 
a. Ad St. Central America. Purchased. 
b. <$ ad. sk.
c 9 ad sk. 
Santa ¥6, Veragua (ArcS). 
Chepo, Isthm. of Panama 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. P ad. sk.
e. J ad! sk.
f. cJ ad. sk.
(ArcS). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Kemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.
(Salmon). 
Eemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Salmon). 

7. LIPAUGUS. 
Type. 
Lipaugus, Bole, Isis, 1828, p. 318 . L. simplex. 
Ehytipterna, Reichenb. Av. Syst Nat. t. lxv. (1850) L. simplex. 

This genus consists of three species, all remarkable for the singular 
corrugations of the hinder part of the tarsus. One of these occurs 
in Central America* the two others in Guiana, Amazonia, and 
Brazil. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
General plumage cinereous. 
j Belly pale cinereous 1. simplex, p. 356. 
I Belly yellowish , 2. immundzts, p. 357. 
B. General plumage rufous 
3. kolerythrus, p. 357. 
1. Lipaugus simplex. 
Muscicapa simplex, Licht JDoubl. p. 53 (1823). 

Lipaugus simplex, 
Marti. JRev. Zool. 1846, p. 3; Call, in Schomb. 
Guian. iii. p. 694,-Bp. Consp. i. p. 179; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 422; 
Scl. P. Z S. 1861, p. 211 (Brazil) ; id. Cat A. B. p. 244; Cab. et 
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 100; Pelz. 0?m. Bras. p. 123; Scl et Salu* 

P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru) ; iid. Ex. 
Orn. p. 6; iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 90 (Rio de 
Janeiro); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540, et 1882, p. 24 (E. Peru) : 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 370; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 303 (Br. Guiana). 
Tyrannus calcaratus, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 271 (1826): Jard. 

et Selb. Ill Orn. i. pi. 37. 
Muscicapa cinerascens, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 16, pi. 21. 
Muscicapa rustica, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 866. 
Myiarcuus rusticus, Burm. Syst Ueb. ii. p. 470. 

Above uniform olivaceous grey ; wings and tail brownish ; 
beneath rather paler; abdomen slightly oehraceous; bill horncolour 
; feet blackish : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3-3. 
Female similar, but wings and tail edged with ferruginous. 

Eab. Colombia, Guiana, Amazonia, and S.E. Brazil. 

jLAd.sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

b. Jr.sk. Bogota. 
Sclater ColL 
c. 3 ad. j d, e. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
$ ad.sk (Whitely). 
f. 
$ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater ColL 
{Whitely). 
7 . IIPATJGXTS. 
357 

g. $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ColL 
(WJiitely). 
h. Ad. sk. Cayenne. sciater Coll. 
z. Ad. sk. Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coil. 
/. Ad. sk Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlott [C.1 
k-m. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman OolL 
n. $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o, p. J ad. sk.; Brazil. Sciater Coll. 
q, r. J ad. sk, 

s. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman ColL 
2. Lipaugus immxuidiis. 
Lipaugus immundus, Sol et. Salv. Nomencl pp. 57, 159. 
Above dark cinereous ; wings and tail blackish; outer secondaries 
and coverts slightly edged with whitish; outer margins of external 
rectrices cinerascent: beneath pale cinereous ; middle of belly pale 
yellowish; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
pale ashy white ; bill horn-colour, paler at the base ; feet blackish; 
whole length 7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*3. Female similar, but wings 
and tail-feathers edged with ferruginous. 

Sab. Cayenne. 
Allied to Z. simple®, but with the bill narrower, and the belly 
yellowish. 

a, b. $ J ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sciater Coll. (Types of the 
species.) 


3. Iiipaxigus holerythrus. 
Lipaugus holerythrus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 300 (Guatemala), 
1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia), et 1879, p. 519 
(Antioquia); iid. Ibis, 1860, p. 400 (Vera Paz); iid. Kv. Orn. p. 6; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211 (Guatemala); id. Cat. 
A B. p. 244 : Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 330 (Panama), et ix. 

p. 116 (Costa Bica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Wyatt, Ms, 
1871, p. 334 (MagdalenaValley); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa 
Bica) j Berl. J.f. 0.1884, p. 318 (Bucaramanga). 
Above uniform brownish rufous; middle parts of the webs of the 

wing-feathers and tips of the primaries blackish; bill pale horn


colour, whitish at the base; feet dark brown : whole length 8 inches, 

wing 4*2, tail 3'8. Female similar. 

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama 

and Northern Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. J- Gould, Esq. 
b Ad sk Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvtn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
c Ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sciater Coll. 
1 e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvm, Lsq. 


35 8 
C0TESTGUD2E. 

/, (j. Ad. sk. Sources of Eio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala. 

h. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Kiea (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
j. (S ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk. Santa US, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. S 
ad. sk. Southern slope, Volcan of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqni (ArcS). 
m. tf ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS), 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
71,0. <3 % ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Keniedios, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon), 
q. 2 
ad. sk. Remedios, Antiocpia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
r. 
d ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
Subfamily III. ATTILINJE. 

This small group has been variously referred to the Tyrannidae, 
Formicariidce, and Gotingidce. In placing it in the last-named 
group I have followed Sundevall, but I am by no means sure of this 
being its correct position. The strong, hooked, and compressed bill 
and the ambulatory feet seem to have little to do with the Gotingidcp, 
but the structure of the tarsi tends the other way. 

The Attilince range over the Neotropical Eegion from Southern 
Mexico to Paraguay. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Larger, stronger; beak distinctly hooked.. 8. ATTTLA, p. SJ59. 
B. Smaller, feebler j beak slightly hooked 9. CASIOBNIS, p. 3G5. 
8. ATTILA*. 
™ 
Type. 
Attila, Less. TraitS aVOm. p. 360 (1831) A. brasiliensis. 
Dasycephala, Sw. Fauna JBor.-Am., Avesy p. 486 (1831). A. spadiceus. 
Dasyopsis; Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) A. brasiliensis. 

The genus Attila has nearly the same range as the subfamily, 
but does not perhaps go so far south as Casiomis. There is so 
much variation in the plumage of the species of the first section of 
the group that, in the absence of a series of specimens with the 
sexes determined by dissection, it is not possible to understand them 
properly. 

* Eeference should be made to the following described species of Attila, which 
are unknown to me:— 
1. Attila Jlammulatus, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 47 ; from Colombia. 
2. A. bolivianos, IJafr. op. cit. p. 46; from Bolivia. 
3. A. phmictirus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 96 ; from Brazil. 
4. A. rufigulans, Pelz. ibid.; from Brazil. 
5. A. cimamomeus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. T. x. p. 8; from Mazatlan. 
6. A. grisetgukris, Berl. Ibis, 1885, p. 290; from Brazil. 
£. ATT1LA. 

Key to tlie Sj>ec>'es. 

A. Neck and breast striated. 
(1. 
brasiliemiSj p. ,359. 
a. Breast grey, greenish, OP vellowish, not 2" uroPy(n^h P- 300. 
rufous j uropygial band yellow or J 3" sp^osMhts^.^O. 
orange, distinct * j 4. sckteri, p; 301. 
| 5. citreopygms, p. 301. 
, -r, , ^ 10, cozumekc, p. 802. 


6. Breast rufous 
7. ^ a&w s ^ m 
B. 
IN eck and breast not striated; uropygial 
band not distinct • general colour ferruginous. 
c. Head cinereous. 
j Larger: fore neck cinereous 8. cinereus, p. 363. 
< Smaller: cMn cinereous, fore 
f neck rufous 9. dtriniventm, p. 363. 
a. 
Head rufous. 
a\ Head greyisb rufous 10. validus, p. 364. 
b'. Head chestnut-rufous. 
I Belly chestnut .. 11. tliamnopMMdes, p. 304. 
J Belly orange 12. torridus, p. 365. 

1. Attila brasiliensis. 
Attila brasiliensis, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 360; Lafr. Mev. Zool. 1848, 
p. 45 • Selater, P. Z. & 1859, p. 41 (Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 195; 
Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. p. 57. 
Mnscicapa uropygiata, Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 868. 
Myiarclius uropygiatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 472. • 
Dasycepbala uropygialis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 198. 


Above dull olive-green, interscapulium and scapularies strongly 
tinged with ferruginous• wings blackish, coverts edged with pale 
'fulvous; rump bright yellow; tail ferruginous brown: beneath 
white, more or less tinged with yellowish on the throat, breast, 
and flanks, and flammulated with long greyish striations on the 
throat, breast, and belly; bill horn-colour, whitish at tho base; 
feet park brown: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*8. 
Female (?) similar, but interscapuliurn olive-green, and tail dull 
brown. 

Hab. SJS. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. E. Gray, Esq. HP,]. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sudbury Mus.lE.]. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
£ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Selater Coll. 
(Compared with type of Attila brasiliensis in Mus. Par.) 
/, g. ? ad. sk. Brazil. Selater Coll. 

* 
These six species I can only arrange geographically for the present. 
COTINOID^:. 

2. Attila uropygialis. 
Dasycepkala uropygialis, 
Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 686; Cab. et 
Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 14. 
Attila uropygialis, Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 96; Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 
(Brit. Guiana). 
Attila brasiliensis, Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 303 '(Brit. Ghiiana). 

Above dark cinereous brown, rump bright yellow; wings blackish, 

edged with brownish, both rows of coverts tipped with pale rufous ; 

tail cinereous brown, middle portions of web lighter: beneath 

white, breast brownish, flammulated on throat and breast with pale 

cinereous ; under wing-coverts arid flanks pale yellowish ochraceous ; 

bill dark horn-colour, pale at the base ; feet blackish: whole length 

6-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2'8. Female (?) similar, but upper parts 

and breast-band more or less olivaceous. 

Hah. British Guiana. 

I propose to refer for the present to A. uropygialis all the specimens 
obtained by Mr. Whitely, except those on which A. spodiostethus 
has been founded. Mr. Salvin has spoken of some of them 
as barely separable from A. brasiliensis, and they are certainly ver\r 
like the Brazilian bird, though smaller in size. If my descriptions of 
the two sexes are correct, then Mr. Whitel/s determinations are in 
some cases difficult to understand; for example, spec. 5, marked d 
is in what I consider female plumage, and spec, d, marked $, in 
male plumage. 

a, b. $ ad. ; c. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-tjodman Ooll 
Ad.sk. {Whitely). 

d. 
$ ad. sk. Carimang T., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ColL 
( Whitely). 
e. 
<$ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll 
{Whitely). 
f>9- 6 
$ ad.sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 

3, Attila spodiostethus. 

Attila spodiostethus, Sah. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 209 (Brit. Guiana); 
Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above, head and neck cinereous; interscapulium olivaceous; ramp 
bright lemon-yellow; tail dull rufous; beneath white, throat and 
breast densely flammulated with cinereous; under wing-coverts 
and flanks pale yellow; bill horn-colour, pale at the base; feet 
brown : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2-8. Female similar, 
but smaller and whiter on the belly. 

Hob. British Guiana. 
This is perhaps only a phase of A. uropygialis, but we require 
more information on the whole genus. 

a, b. S ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Whitely). (Types of the species.) 

8 . ATTILA.. 361 
4. Attila sclateri. 
Attila sclateri, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. Nat Hist N. Y. vii. p. 470 (1802) 
(Panama), et ix. p. 110 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 18(54, 

p. 358 (Panama); iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1809, 
p. 306 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 146, et 1870, p. 106 
(Veragua) ; Ridgw. P. US. N. M. vi. p. 404 (Nicaragua). 
Above olive-green, head with slight blackish striations, interscapulium 
and scapularies strongly tinged with ferruginous; ramp 
bright lemon-yellow; wings blackish, outer margins of secondaries 
and tips of wing-coverts pale rufous ; tail cinereous brown, more 
rufous in the middle of the webs: beneath white, more or less 
suffused with yellowish, especially on the breast and flanks, and 
more or less definitely flammulated with greyish striations; under 
wing-eoverts and "flanks ochreous yellow; bill horn-colour, pale 
at the base; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-9. 
Female (?) similar, but not so strongly coloured, and interscapuhum 
olivaceous. 

Hah. Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and Ecuador. 

a. Ad.; b. Jr. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. <$ ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ , g. Ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk.
i. (S ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
'k, I. Ad. sk.
m. c? ad. sk. 
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Southern slope, Volcan 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Ar 
Santa F<§, Yeragua (Arc 
Veragua (Arce). 
Veragua (ArcS). 
San Pablo Station, Pana 
(ArcS).
ofcS).
e).
ma (SalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Selater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Selater Coll. 
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Bin). 
n. J ad. sk.
o, p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk. 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Selater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

5. Attila citreopygius. 
Dasycephala citreopyga, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 657; id. Notes 
Orn. p. 86 (Nicaragua). 

Attila citreopygius, Selater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 228,1859, pp. 41, 366 
383; id. Ibis. 1859, p. 438 (Mexico); id. Cat A. B. p. 194; Scl. 
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 120 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 
(Honduras) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N T. viii. p. 7 (Colombia); Ridgw. 

P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 
(Yucatan). 
Above ferruginous brown; front and lores whitish, with black 
shaft-stripes ; head also with slight black striations ; rump ochreous 
yellow; tail bright ferruginous brown, duller at the tip ; wings 
blackish, margins of outer secondaries and tips of wing-coverts 
pale rufous: beneath white, more-or less tinged with yellowish; 

362 
OOTINGIDJE. 

throat and breast more -or less rlammulated with dark cinereous 
striations; under wing-coverts and flanks ochraceous yellow; bill 
horn-colour; feet dark brown : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-9, 
tail 3-3. 

Eab. Southern Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. 

This seems to be a larger bird than A. sclateri and more ferruginous 
above, but it varies much, and some examples of the two 
species come very near one another. In specimen a the under surface 
is very nearly white ; in e and / it is almost entirely of a rich 
yellow. 

a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Tizimin, Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 

d. <$ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salviri). 
e. Ad. sk. Khamkhal, Vera Paz, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin 8f Godman). 
f. Ad. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala (Salvin), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gf h. Ad. sk. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
j. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
Purchased. 
6. Attila cozumelae. 
Attila cozumelae, Ridgw. JProc. Biol. Soc. Wash. iii. p. 23. 
Attila sp. inc., Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 191 (Cozumel). 
f l

 Apparently only different from A. qtreopygim in being rather 
smaller in size, and paler and more white beneath. The specimens 
of A. citreopygius from Yucatan (Jb and c) are barely distinguishable. 

Eab. Cozumel and other islands of Yucatan coast. 

a. Q ad.: b-h. Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
* Ad. sk. 
(Gaumer). 
i. 
Ad. sk. Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Devis). 
j. 
2 ad. sk. Jolbox Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Meco Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumez*). 
l-n. 
Ad. sk. Mugeres Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Gaumer). 

7. Attila spadicens. 
Muscicapa spadicea, Gm. & A7", i. p. 937. 
Tyrannus rufescens, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 278 (1826). 
Attila spadiceus, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1848, p. 46 ; Mater, P. Z. S.1859, 


p. 41 (Cayenne); id. Cat. A.B. p. 195; Lawr. Ann. Lyc.N. F.vii. 
p. 327 (Colombia) ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 96; ScL et Said. Nomencl 
p. 57. 
Above dark ferruginous brown; rump bright ochreous yellow ; 
wings blackish, margins of outer secondaries and tips of coverts 
pale rufous: beneath, throat and breast bright yellowish ferrugi


8 . ATTILA. 303 
nous, flammulated with cinereous; bellv white ; flanks yellowish; 
under wing-coverts pale rufous; bill horn-colour, pale at the base ; 
feet dark brown ; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-6. 

Eab. S.E. Brazil, Guiana, and Amazonia. 
a, b. Ad. sk.
e. Ad sk.
d. Ad. ske. $ ad. sk.
f. g. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil {Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons( Whitely). 
Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gclal(Gr UolL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
8. Attila ciuerexis, 

Muscicapa cinerea, Qm. S. N. i. p. 933; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 853; 
Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19, pi. 26. fig. 2. 
Dasycephala cinerea, Bp. Consp.i. p. 198; Burm. Syst. JJeb. iii. p. 85; 
Cab. et Ilein. Mus. llein. ii. p. 14. 
Attila cinereus, Sclater, P.Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil) ; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 194; Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 95; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 57. 
Attila rufus, Lafr. Bev. Zqol. 1848, p. 46. 
Above ferruginous brown; wings blackish, edged with brown; 
rump more cinnamomeous; tail chestnut-brown ; head cinereous ; 
front whitish, with black hairs : beneath, throat cinereous, breast 
ferruginous ; belly cinnamomeous; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill pale horn-colour; feet 
brown: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*1. Female 
similar. 

Eab. S.E. Brazil. 
Specimens/,#, and A are rather larger and have more cinereous on 
the neck, but other examples are intermediate. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b-d. Ad. s\. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll. 
/ . c? ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i-k. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
I Ad. sk. Venezuela (?). Sclater Coll. 
9. Attila citriniveutris. 
Attila citriniventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 40 (Upper Amazons); 
id. CaLA.B. p. 195; Scl. et Salv. Noinend. p. 57; Tacz. Orn. 
P6r. ii. p. 371. 

Above, back ferruginous brown; rump brighter, cinnamomeous; 
tail chestnut: head dark cinereous; lores dirty white; wings 
blackish, edged with brown : beneath cinnamomeous brown, throat 
and breast darker, chin cinereous ; bill- and feet brown : whole 
length 6*7 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-6. 

Eab. Upper Amazonia. 

364 
COTItfGIDJE. 

This species is at once distinguishable from A. cinereus by its 
dark ferruginous throat and shorter bill. 

a. Ad. sk. Upper Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
10. Attila validus. 
Attila validus, Peh. Orn. Bras, p. 95- Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57. 
Above ferruginous brown, head greyish.; rump and tail chestnut; 
wings blackish, edged with brown : beneath bright cinnamomeous 
brown, rather darker on the breast; chin slightly cinerascent; 
bill clear horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 
3-8, tail 3-1. 

Hah. Matto Grosso, Brazil. 
The larger size and lighter head at once distinguish this species 
from A. citriniventris. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. • T. Bridges [C.]. 
11. Attila thamnopMloides. 
Muscicapa thamnophiloides, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19, pi. 26. fig 1. 
Attila thamnophiloides, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil) ; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 195 j Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 96• Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 187 (JR. CJcayali), 1867, p. 577 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 285 (E. 
Peru) ,* iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Laywd, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para); 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 804 (Br. Guiana)* Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 372. 
Dasycepkala 
thamnophiloides, Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 86 • Bp. 
Vonsp. i. p. 198; Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 14. 
Thamnophilus strenuus, Scl. Cat. A. i?. p. 173. 

Above clear ferruginous brown; wings blackish, edged with 
brown; rump and tail rather lighter, chestnut-brown: beneath 
clear cinnamon-brown, rather paler on the belly and crissum; bill 
dark horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 7*8 inches, wing 3*7> 
tail 3*2. Female similar. 

Hal* Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Demerara. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of M. strenutcs.) 
c. J ad. sk. Mexiana (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru (ECauxwell). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hauxwell). 
/. S ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Ucavali. 
E. Bartlett [C.]. 
j. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
k Ad. sk. Brazil. R Graham, Esq. 
I?-]. 

9. CASI0KC7I8. 
365 

12. Attila torridus. 
Attik torridus Scl P Z. 8 1860, p. 280 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. 
•p-Wo-ScletSalv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 139 (W- Peru): Hi 
Zomend.. p 5,, ; Tacz Orn. Per. ii. p. 372; Tacz. et Bcrl. P.Z. S. 
looo, p. lib (Ecuador). 
Above clear cinnamon-brown, more yellowish on the rump • 
wings blackish, edged with brown: beneath paler, belly yellowish 
like the rump; bill dark horn-colour; feet pale brown: whole 
length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 3*5. 

Hub. "Western Ecuador. 
This species is distinguishable from A, thamnopMloides by its 
larger size and the much lighter colour of the back and rump. 

a,b. cJad.sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types 
* -i T T-» i r 
°^ *^e species.)* 
c. Ad.sk.
d. Ad. sk 
Babahoyo, Ecuador. 
San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). 
L. Fraser [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 

9. CASIORNIS. 
Type. 
"CaMonris, Bp." JDes Murs, Orn. Casteln. Voy. p. 55 

(1**5) 0. rubra. 
This is a weaker form of Attila, distinguished by its smaller, less 
hooked, and less compressed bill, feebler feet, and longer tail. The 
two species are Brazilian, one ranging south to Paraguay and 
Northern Argentina. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Whole upper surface chestnut-brown. 1. rubra, p. 365. 
B. Back dull brown % fusca, p. 36(5.' 
1. Casiornis rubra. 
Suiriri roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 128, 
Museicapa rubra, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 457; id. Enc. Meth. 

p. an. 
Dasycepbala rubra, Burm. 8yst. Ueb. iii. p. 86. 

Cawbmis rubra, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41; id. Cat. A. B. p. 195; 
Peh. Oi n. Bras. p. 96; ScL et Salv. Nomenel. p. 57 ; iid. P. Z. S. 
3879, p. 618 (Bolivia) -^ScL et Huds. Arg. Orn. I p. 163. 

Museicapa hsematodes, Licht. in Mus, BeroL * 
Tymnnus thamnophiloides, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 309. 
Dasycepbala hsematodes, Bp. Consp. i. p. 199; Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. 


1847, pt. Lp.222. 
Tyrannula rufula, Hartl Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 6. 
Casiornis typus, JDes Murs, Ch-n. Casteln. Toy. p. 55, pi. 18. fig. 1. 

Above uniform dark chestnut-brown: beneath pale cinnamon-
brown, lighter on the throat: belly slightly yellowish; bill brown, 

COTINGIDiE. 

pale at the base; feet dark brown : whole length G'-i inches, wing 
3-4, tail 3*2. Female similar. 
JIab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and N. Argentina. 

a. <$ ad. sk.
b. 2 ad. sk. 
Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). 
S.E.BmziliJReinharclt). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d 2 ad. sk. Oran, Argentine Republic(White). 
Sclater Coll. 

2. Casiornis fusca. 
Casiornis fusca, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 57, 159. 
Above dull brown; cap and tail chestnut-red; wings blackish, 
edged with chestnut-red: beneath pale cinnamomeous, lighter on 
the throat; belly pale yellowish; bill pale horn-colour, paler at the 
base; feet brown : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*9. 
Hah. S.E.Brazil. 
The fuscous back and yellower belly distinguish this from the 
former species. 

a. Ad. sk, Bahia, Brazil (Wueherer). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvhi-Godman Coll. 
Subfamily IV. ETJPICOLIN.aE. 

Rupicola, with its large feet and extraordinary compressed crest, is 
certainly one of the most specialized forms of the American Passeres, 
but does not appear to present any very remarkable deviations from 
other Oligophonine Passeres in internal structure. But Garrod 

(P. Z. S. 1877, p. 517) has shown that, unlike most of the Cotinc/idcp, 
it is Homseonierine and not Heteromerine, and has therefore placed 
it in a separate group of the Oligophonas. 
rTear Bicpicola must come Phcenicocercus, I think, although much 
less abnormal in structure. Both these forms are restricted to the 
Guianas and Amazonia. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Crest slight, recumbent; fourth primary 
of male terminating in a horny 
filament; tarsi and toes moderate .. 10. PHCENICOCERCUS, p. 367. 
B. 
Crest large, elevated, compressed ; first 
primary of male with the inner web 
cut away at the termination; tarsi 
aud toes very strong 11. IIUPICOLA, p. 360. 
10. rncENicocEiiotJs. 867 
10. PHGENICOCERCUS. 
Typo. 

Phoanicercus, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 491 (L83]) .. P. carnifex. 
Phoanicocercus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt.i. p. 230 (1847) P. carnifex. 


End of wing of Phcenicocercus nigricollis. 

The two known species of this brilliant genus are confined to the 
Gnianas and Amazonia. The males have a remarkablo point of 
structure in the shortening of the wings and the curious modification 
of the fourth primary, which terminates in a thickened horny-
process. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Throat and back brownish 1. carnifex, p. 307. 
B. Throat and back jet-black 2. nigricollis, p. 308. 
1. Phcenicocercus carnifex. 
Ampelis carnifex, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298. 

Ampelis coccinea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 839. 

Ampelis cuprea, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 163; id. Enc. M6th. 

p. 761. 
Phoenicercus carnifex, Sio. Class. B. ii. p. 254. 
Phoenicocercus carnifex, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 08; Cab. 
in Schomb. Ouian. hi. p. 695; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Burnt. Syst. 
Ueb. ii. p. 439 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 253; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, 

p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 58 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131; 
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Brit. 
Guiana). 
Above dark purplish brown, becoming blacker on the nape; crown, 
slightly crested, and rump bright scarlet; wings black; outer secondaries 
and coverts chestnut-brown, with darker edgings ; tail bright 
scarlet, with a broad brownish tip: beneath bright scarlet, throat and 
breast brownish; bill dark horn-colour; feet yellowish brown: 
whole length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3. Female. Above olive-brown, 
crown of head and tail tinged with scarlet: beneath brown, abdomen 
stained with blood-red; bill and feet brown: length of wing 
4-2 inches. 

Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia. 

368 

a. S ad. sk. 
b. S F-ste. 
S jr. st. 
d <$ jr. st. 
#. $ ad. sk. 
/. S ad. sk. 

gjh. 6 2 ad. sk. 

z. cJ ad. sk. 
j, k. <$ S ad. sk. 

/, m. tf $ ad. sk. 

n, S ad. sk. 

o. ? ad. sk. 
p. J ad. sk. 
q. £ ad. sk. 
r. $ ad. sk. 
COTrN-GIDJB. 

S. America. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
British Guiana. 
British Guiana. 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 
( Whitely). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

(IVhitely). 

Demerara. 

Cayenne. 

Cayenne. 

Barra do Eio Negro (Natter'er). 
Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace). 
Para, Lower Amazons (Wal-

Para, Lower Amazons. 

S. America. 
J. Planta, Esq. [P.], 
Purchased. 
Hardwicke Bequest. 
E. Geogr. Soc. [P.]. 
E. Schomburgk [C.j. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 

W. T. Turner, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Col. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Phoenicocercus nigricollis. 
Ampelis carnifex, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 4, pL 5. 
Pipra coccinea, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 938. 
Phoenicercus nigricollis,Sw. Faun.Bor.-Am.ii. p.491 (1831); id.Clms. 


B. ii.p. 254. 
Phoenicocercus nigricollis, Bp. Consp. I. p. 270; Cab. et Mein. If us. 
Hein. ii. p. 98; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 253; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 131 ; 
Scl. et Sah. F. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru), 
1873, p. 285 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 58; Tacz. Orn. Fir. n. 

p. 371. 
Ampelis merremii, Less. JRev. Zool. 1839, p. 104. 
Phoenicocercus nigrigularis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1867, p. 978 (Pebas). 
Above jet-black; crested crown of head, rump, and upper tail-

coverts bright scarlet: wings brown; tail scarlet, with a broad 

black tip : beneath scarlet, throat black: whole length 8*5 inches, 

wing 4, tail 3*1. Female. Above yellowish olive-brown; crown of 

head and tail tinged with red: beneath scarlet, breast duller, throat 

brown : length of wing 4*6 inches. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 

a. c? ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ 
ad. sk, Chamicuros, E. Peru (JSaux-J. Gould, Esq. 
well). 
d. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. tf ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
/. 
<$ ad. sk. Loretoyacu, Eastern Peru Sclater Coll. 
(Hatixwell). 

g. ^ 
ad. sk. Xeberos, Eastern Peru (Bart-Sclater Coll. 
lett). 
h. J ad. sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
i,j. 
o* ? ad. sk. Eio Copotaza, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 

11. KT7PIC0LA. 
369 

11. RUPICOLA. 
Type. 

Rupicola, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 437 (1760) 
R. 

, crocea. 

End of the outei4 primary of Rupicola. 

This splendid and much isolated form of the Cotingidce is spread 
over the northern part of South America from Venezuela and 
Colombia down to Bolivia, hut does not occur in S.E. Brazil. It is 
remarkable amongst its allies for its strong feet and partly feathered 
tarsi, and for the enormous compressed crest which covers its head. 
The first outer primary is curiously modified. 

The nest and eggs of R. peruviana have been taken by Goudot 
(Rev. ZooL 1842, p. 1) and by Salmon (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519). 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Wing-coverts orange, like the back; tail 
brown, tipped with pale orange 1. crocea, p. 369. 
B. 
Wing-coverts and tail black: 
1 plumage orange-red 2. peruviana, p. 370. 
| plumage blood-red 3. sanguinolenta, p. 371. 
1. Rupicola crocea. 
\ 
Pipra rupicola, Linn. S. iV. i. p. 338; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 928. 
Rupicola crocea, Vieill. JEne. M6th. p. 26(3; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. 

iii. p. 694; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Burin, Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 437 ; 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 99; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 98 ; 
Scl. Cat A. B. p. 253; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131; Scl. et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1887, p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Salv. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Br. Guiana). 
Rupicola elegans, Steph. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 257. 
Rupicola aurantia, Vieill. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 316, pi. 189; Schomb.

Kupi 
aumann. 1850, p. 34. 
icola cayana, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 253. 


liant 
orange; wings brown, with a broad white transverse 

Bmha 

bar; 
secondaries externally edged and broadly tipped with pale 

orange, outer secondaries with the external webs produced into 

filaments; tail blackish brown, tipped with pale orange; bill and 

feet yellowish: whole length 11 inches, wing 7, tail 3'7. Female. 

Dark olive-brown; rump, tail, belly, and under wing-coverts 

stained with orange-brown. 

Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia. 
^ B


VOL. xiv.

370 COTHST&IB^:. 

a. 5 ad. sk. 
b. <$ ad.; c, d. J 
ad.; e. <$ jr. sk 
f. J ad. sk. 
g. $ ad. sk. 
h. <$ ad. sk. 
t. <J ad. sk. 
j. $ ad. sk. 
A;. S &&> s^« 
Z. c? ad. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk. 
n. £ jr. sk. 
o. Skeleton. 
S. America. 
Carimang r., Brit. G-uiana 
(Wh&eli/). 

Merume* Mis., Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely) 

Biver Atapurow, Brit. Guiana 

{Whitely). 

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely). 
Demarara. 
Deroarara. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 

Guia, Rio Negro (Wallace). 
Demerara. 

Hardwicke Bequest. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman CoH. 
H. C. Rothery, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

2. Kupicola peruviana. 
Pipra rupicola, var., Ghn. 8. N. i. p. 998. 
Pipra peruviana, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 555; WagL Ms, 1830, p. 026, 
Kupicola peruviana, Dumont, Diet 8c. Nat. xlvi. p. 453; Vieill. 


Enc. Meth. p. 266; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 294; Bp. Consp. I p. 170; 
Cab. et Rein. Mus, Eein. ii. p. 99; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 
(Bogota), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo); id. Cat A. B. p. 253; Gould, 

P. Z. S.1859, p. 99; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); 8eL 
et 8alv. Nomenel p. 57; iid. P. Z. S. 1867. p. 751 (E. Peru), 1869, 
p. 598 (S. Peru), 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru), 1875, pp. 237, 238 
(Venezuela), 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 
(C. Peru), 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. iL p. 373; 
Berl. J. f. 0.1884, p. 306 (Bucaramanga) ; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. 8, 
1885, p." 93 (Ecuador). 
Rupicola peruana, Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 142. 

Brilliant orange; "wings and tail black, outer secondaries with, 
broad tips of silvery grey: bill and feet pale yellowish brown : 
whole length 13 inches, wing 7*5, tail 5. Female. Deep brownt 
tinged with orange: wings and tail brown; bill and feet dark 
horn-colour. 

Bab. Colombia, Ecuador, Upper Amazonia, Peru, and Bolivia. 
The Bolivian bird is much darker in hue than the northern form, 

n. S ad. sk. 
and comes near to B. sanguinolenia. 
a-c. £ ad.; d-f. S. America. Purchased. 
2 ad. sk. 
g. 2 a& sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
*". $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
j . d1 jr. sk. Bogota. 
\ I. <$ $ ad. sk. Colombia. 
(Goring). 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman OolL 
m. c? ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Chiquinda, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman (ML 

o. c? ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett)* Sclater (ML 
11. KUPICOU.
p. 
d ad. sk. 
Eastern Peru (Farm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

#• cf ad. sk. 

Peru (Barclay). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

r,s. <$ § ad. sk. 

Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

t.tf jr. sk. 

Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Buckley).

w. c? ad. sk. 
Bolivia (I). Forbes). Sclater Coll. 

a. ? ad. sk. 
Bolivia. 
J. Gould, Esq. 

3. Eupicola sanguinolenta. 
Bupicola 
sanguinolenta, Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 100; Scl. P. Z. S. 
I860, p. 91 (Nanegal); id. Cat A. B. p. 253; Scl. et Salv. N'omencl. 

p. 57; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519 (Antioquia); Taca. et Berl P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 116 (Nanegal). * J' 
Rupicola saturata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 99. 


Similar to R. peruviana^ but plumage blood-red. 

Rah. Western Ecuador and Colombia. 

This is scarcely more than a subspecies. Bolivian examples of 

B. peruviana are intermediate in tint, as are also those from Antioquia 
referred to the present form. 
<z, b. $ ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 


c. S ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Gould). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Purchased. 
e. $ 
ad.;/. J Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Gould). Gould Coll. 
hJ' 
<$ a(l* sk- Concordia, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mofi). 


h. 
$ ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
Subfamily V. COTINGINJE. 

The typical Ootingince contain some of the most gorgeous forms of 

the Neotropical ornis. Even among the Pittas and Paradise-birds 

of the Eastern tropics few can compete with the members of the 

genus Cotinga in 
beauteous colouring, and in some of the other 

genera of the subfamily (Pipreola and Xiphohna) the dress is nearly 

equally ornamental. 

The typical Cotinginm are most abundant in the equatorial forests 

of South America, only two of the genera having representatives in 

Central America. Southwards they extend to the extreme limits of 

the South-Brazilian wood-region. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Tail deeply forked 
12. PHIBALTJEA, p. 372. 
B. Tail squared. 
o. 
Larger: tail lengthened. 13. TIJTJCA, p. 373, 
2 B 2 
C0TTNGID2B. 

b. Moderate-sized: tail moderate. 
a\ Head not crested. 
a". Wings moderate. 
a"'. Bill much widened at base 14. AMPEEION, p. 373. 
b'". Bill more compressed. 

<£. Wing-coverts normal. 
j Bill smaller 15. PIPEEOLA, p. 376. 
J Bill longer 16. COTIXGA, p. 382. 

b\ 
"Wing-coverts lengthened and 
stiffened 17. XIPHOEEXA, p. 387. 
b». Wings much elongated 18. OASPODECTEb,p.389. 

o 
iipfin crested 
J Bill more compressed 19. DOLIOEXIS, p. 300. 
| Bill more widened 20. HELIOCHEEA, p.390. 
c. Small-sized: tail very short. 
j Not crested: tail longer j wings long 21. IODOPLEUBA, p. 302. 
j Crested: tail shorter; wings short, . 22. OALYPTUHA, p. 394. 
12. 
PHIBALURA. T 
Phibalura, Vieill Analyse, p. 31 (1816) P. flavirostris, 
Chelidis, Ghger, Froriep's Nbtizen, xvi. p. 278 (1827).. P. flavirostris. 
Arnphibolura, Cab. et. Hein. Mus. Hein. ii.p. 103 (1859) P. flavirostris. 

This is a very peculiar typo, with an excessively short and 
widened "bill and a long, deeply cleft tail, and perhaps ought to 
stand in a separate subfamily. It is restricted to S.E. Brazil. 

1. Phibalura flavirostris. 
Phibalura flavirostris, Vieill Analyse, p. 68; id. Nbnv. Diet. xxv. 
p. 522 j id. Eric. Meth. p. 784; id. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 97, pi. 74 ; 
Temm. PL Col 118; Bp. Consp. i. p. 175; Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. 
p. 433; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 254; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131; SeL et 
8alv. Nomencl p. 58. 
Phibalura cristata, Sw. Zool III pi. 31; id. Class. B. ii. p. 251. 
Pipra chrysopogon, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 930. 
Arnphibolura flavirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103. 

Above yellow, with broad black cross bands ; head Mack, with a 
concealed scarlet crest; wings and tail black : beneath yellow, fore-
neck white ; breast and flanks with black cross markings ; bill and 
feet pale yellow: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 5, tail 4. Female 
similar, but not so bright, head brownish, wings edged with greeny 
and tail not so long. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
a, 6. S ? ad. sk. Brazil. Ld. Stuart de Rothesay 
[P.]. 

c. Ad. sk. S. America. Mrs. Atkins [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro, Brazil {Youds). 
e,f. Ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. <$ ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman CoU„ 
{Joyner). 
h. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
13 . TIJUCA. -14 . AMPEUON. 373 
13. TIJUCA. 
Tijuca, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 30, pi. vi. (1830) T^nSra. 
Ckrysopteryx, Szv. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 492 (1831) T. nigra 

This is another singular S.E. Brazilian type, unique among the 
Cotmcjidce as regards the black colour of the male, and also remarkable 
for its strong, compressed and incurved bill, and elongated tail. 


1. Tijuca nigra. 
Tijuca nigra, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 30, pi. vi.; id. TV. tfOrn. I p. 326 : 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 177 ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 254 ; Sol. et Sab. Nomencl. 

p. 58. 
Ckrysopteryx erythrorhynckus, SID. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 402 ; id. 
Class. B. ii. p. 252. r 
Ampelis chrysoptera, Nordm. in JSrm. Beis. p. 15, Atl. pi. x. fig. 1. 
Ptilochloris chrysoptera, Bwm. Si/st. TJeb. ii. p. 435. 
Chrysopteryx nigra, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 102. 


Above and beneath black ; outer webs of primaries and secon


daries, except the three last, bright yellow; inner webs of basal 

part of wing-feathers pale yellow• bill orange-yellow• feet black : 

whole length 11*5 inches, wing 5S, tail 4-6. Female. Olive-green, 

beneath paler, belly yellowish, bill dirty orange, feet blackish. 

Hob, S.E. Brazil. 

a. J ad. sk. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.]. 
b. S ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Ja- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
neiro, Brazil (Youds). 
c,d, ($$ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 


e. c? ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. $ jr. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
g. (S"jr. sk. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.]. 
14. 
AMPELX0N. 
Type. 
Ampeliom Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137 
(1845) A. cucullatus. 
Carpornis, Gray, Gen. of B. i. p. 279 (184G) A. melanoceplialus. 
This is a small group of fine, strong birds of prevailing green 
colour in both sexes, and coming naturally after Tijuca. But the 
tail is not so long proportionately, and the bill is shorter and 
broader. Ampelion is found throughout the forests of the South-
American tropics, but does not extend north of Panama. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Head all round and throat black. 
a. Back brown 
1. cucullatus, p. 374. 
b. Back olive-green. 
With slight green bands below* 
bill dark 2. melanoceplialus, p. 374. 
With broad black bands below; bill 
orange 3. arcuatus, p. 375. 

B. Head black, throat yellowish 4. cinctus, p. 375. 
.374 
COTINGID^. 

1. Ampelion cucullatiis. 
Procnias cucullata, Siv. Zool. III. i. p. 37. 
Ampelis cucullata, Temm. PL Col. 363. 
Ampelion cucullatiis, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137 ; Burm. 


Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 432. 
Ampelio cucullatiis, Cab. et Rein. Mus. JELein. ii. p. 104; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 255 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.y. 132 ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871,p. 306 
(Brazil); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 58; Berl. J.f.O. 1873, p. 266 
(S. Brazil) ; Berl. et Jlier. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 140 (Rio Gr. 
do Sul). 
Carpornis cucullatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176. 


Head and nape black ; interscapulium brown, bordered by yellow 
towards the neck; rump green; wings and tail black, margined 
with green, both rows of wing-coverts tipped with pale yellow: 
beneath yellow, throat and middle of breast black ; bill plumbeous ; 
feet brown ; whole length 9 inches, wing 4*7, tail 4, Female 
similar, but not so dark ; head and throat greenish. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. <$ ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
b. $ ad, sk. Bio, Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. <$ 5 a<l- sk. Novo Eribourgo, R|o (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. $ 
ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (JoySalvin-
Godman Coll. 
ner). 
h, i, c? $ ad. sk, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Brazil (Joyner). 
j, k (S ? ad. sk. Lago dos Patos, Rio Grande Salvin-Godman Coll. 
do Sul, Brazil (Boge?*s). 
/, m. (S $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater ColL 


n. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
o. J ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Ampelion melanocephalus. 
Procnias melanocephalus, Sw. Zool. III. i. pi. 2o. 
Ampelis melanocepkala, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 401. 
Ampelion melanocephalus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137; 

Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 432. 
Ampelio melanocephalus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 104; Scl 
Cat. A. B. p. 255 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58. 
Carpornis melanocephalus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176. 

Above green, head black : beneath paler, throat black; abdomen 
yellowish, with greenish cross bands; under wing-coverts pale 
yellowj bill dark plumbeous; feet blackish: whole length 8*5 
inches, wing 4*3, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a. c? ad.; b. tf jr. st. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
c. J ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
d. 2 ad.; e. Ad. sk. Sao Paolp, Brazil (Joyner), Salvin-Godman Coll, 
/ . Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater ColL 
^. Skeleton, Brazil. 
Purchased. 

14 . A.MPELION. 
375 
3. Ampelion arcuatus. 
Ampelis arcuata, Lafr. Mev. Zool 1843, p. 98. 
Pyrrhorhynchus arcuatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177. 
Ampelion arcuatus, Mater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota), 1858, 


p. 553 (Riobamba), et 1860, p. 80 (Ecuador). 
Arnpelio arcuatus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 255 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S.1870, 
p. 781 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); ikl Nomencl p. ^; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru), 1882. p. 24 (N.E. Peru); id. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 379; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador). 
Above deep green, head black ; wings and tail black, edged -with 
green and tipped with white : secondaries and their coverts with 
clear yellowish spots on their outer webs; some of the upper tail-
coverts with black cross bands : beneath yellow, with regular black 
cross bands, throat and breast black like the head; under wing-
coverts cross-banded like the belly; bill and feet orange-yellow : 
whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 3*6. Female similar, but 
head green like the back, and throat yellowish with black crossbars. 


Hal. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, 
The orange bill of both sexes and strongly barred lower plumage 
distinguish this fine species amongst its congeners. 


a, b. $ 2 ad-st- Bogota. Purchased. 
c, d. <$ $ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. bclater Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
g. 
<$ ad.; h. <$ Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman OolL 
j. 2 ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
k. <S ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman OolL 
I. m. d $ ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
n, o. $ J ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yuri gas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley), 


p. 
cJad.sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Sclater Coll. 
ley). 
4. Ampelion ductus. 
Ampelis cinctus, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1843, i. p. 385; id. Faun. Per.t 
Avesj p. 136. 

Ampelion cinctus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152, pi. civ. (Bogota), 
et 1860, p. 89 (Pallatanga); ScL et Scl. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 520 
(Antioquia). 

Arnpelio cinctus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 255; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; 
Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 380; Tacz. et Berl. P.Z.S. 1885, pp. 118, 
123 (Ecuador). 

Cotinga tschudii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279. 

Above green, with round black shaft-spots : cap black; front and 
line round the nape yellow: wings blackish, with the coverts 

C0X1NGIDJ2. 

broadly edged with green ; tail black, tipped with yellowish white : 
beneath yellowish green, with dark greenish or blackish edgings to 
the feathers ; throat and crissam yellowish ; bill dark plumbeous; feet 
reddish brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-8, tail 2*4. Female 
similar, but head green like the back. 

Ifab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
The spotted upper surface, yellowish throat, and short tail distinguish 
this species from its allies. 

a, b, 2 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c] d. (S ad. sk. Intae, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

et f. <$ 2 acl sk

-- Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Salmon), 

g. cj ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. d ad. st, Bogota. 
Purchased. 
15. 
PIPBEOLA * Type. 
Pipreola, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 357 (1838) ... . P. chlorolepidota. 
Euchlornis, Be Filippi, Mus. Mediol, An. Vert. 

cl. ii. p. 31 (1847) P. riefferi. 
Pyrrhorhynchus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 103 P. viridis. 
Pyrorhynchus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854) . P. viridis. 
Euchlorornis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 103 
(1859) P. riefferi. 
After Ampelion comes very naturally the splendid genus Pipreola, 
also generally clad in bright green colours, but beautifully adorned, in 
the male sex, with patches of scarlet, orange, and yellow. Pipreola is 
a feebler form than Ampelion, with smaller beak and shorter tarsi. 
It extends all over Amazonia, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia, but 
is not met with in the S.E. Brazilian subregion, nor anywhere north 
of Panama. 

Key to the Species. 

A. General plumage bright green: 
no superciliary 
stripe. 
a\ External secondaries with white ends. 
a". Throat dark green 1. riefferi, p. 377. 
b". Throat black; no red on breast: 


(tail-end green ,, 2. melanolcemaj p. 377. 

I tail-end white 3. viridis, p. 378. 
c". Throat black; breast red 4. fwmosa, p. 378. 
d". Throat blood-red. 


\ Larger : breast yellow 5. frontalis, p. 379. 
I Smaller: breast green 6. sclateri, p. 379. 

* It is not yet certain to which species should be referred :— 
Pipreola chlorofcpidota, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 357 (1838); Scl. P. Z. S 1854, 
p. 113 (Quijos), 1859, p. 441 (Eio Napo); id. Oat. A. B. p. 254: id. Ibis, 1878, 
p. 173; Sol et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58. 
But there can be little doubt that it was based upon a female of one of the 
group. Unfortunately the typical specimen is lost. 

15 . PIPKE0LA. 
e". Throat and breast yellow 7. aureipectus, p. 380. 
&'. External secondaries without white ends. 

/' . Head black: 
j breast black 8. Momirskii, p. 380. 
( breast orange 9. jucimda, p. 381. 

(f. 
Head green 10. eletjans, p. 381. 
B. 
General plumage greenish cinereous; superciliaries 
yellow H, whitelyiy p. 381. 
1. Mpreola riefferi. 
Ampelis riefferi, Bom. Pev. Zool. 1840, p. 3. 
Euchlornis riefferii, Be Fil. Mus. Mediol., Aves, p. 12. 
Pyrrhorhynchus riefferi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177. 
Pipreola riefferi, 
Scl P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113 (Ecuador), 1855, p. 153 
(Bogota) ; id. Ann. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 409; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 254; id. Ibis, 1878, p. 166; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24 
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 375; Berl J.f.O. 1884, p. 306 
(Bucaramanga). 
Euchlorornis riefferi, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103. 


Above bright green, head darker and more blackish on the front; 
wings and tail dark brown, edged with green; outer secondaries 
tipped with white: beneath bright green, throat and fore neck 
darker ; slight pectoral collar and middle of the belly bright yellow ; 
under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; sides of belly flammulated 
with green ; bill and feet yellowish white: whole length 7 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 2-9. Female similar, but head and throat green like 
the back. 

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. $ ad.'; Bogota. 
Purchased. 
b. Pull St. 
c, d. <$ ad.; Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
e. 5 ad.sk. 
/, g. S ad.; Bogota. Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
h. 2 ad. sk. 
t. c? ad. sk. Bogota. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
/. 
<$ ad. sk. Retiro, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Salmon), 

k. $ ad.sk. Santa Elena, TS.S.Q.(Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m,n. <S ? ad.sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 

2. Mpreola melauolsema. 
Pipreola melanokema, Scl. Ami. $ Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469 ; 
id. P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 63, 67 (Pallatanga), 1873, p. 780 (Peru); id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 254; id. Ibis, 1878, pp. 106, 167 ; Scl et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1868, p. 628, et 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 186 
(Peru); iid. Komencl. p. 58; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 188o, p. 118 
(Ecuador). 
378 
COTm&IVM. 

Euclilorornis melanolsema, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103. 

Ampelis viridis, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aoes, p. 135 (?). 

Pipreola viridis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru) (?). 

Pipreola viridis intermedia, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 377 {?). 

Above bright green ; bead black; wings and tail blackish, edged 

with green; outer secondaries tipped with white: beneath green, 

whole of throat and fore-neck black, bordered beneath by a narrow 

yellow band; middle of belly and flammulations on each side 

bright yellow; under wing-coverts white, tinged with yellow ; bill 

and feet pale yellow; tip of tail-feathers whitish: whole length 

7 inches, wing 3*6, tail 8'2. Female similar, but head and throat 

green like the back. 

Hob. Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. 

This form is only distinguishable from P. riefferi by the black 
head and throat of the male, and the slight whitish ends to the 
tail-feathers, and is thus intermediate between P. riefferi and 

P. 
a. 2 ad- sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
b. Jad.sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goeri)ig). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. <3 5 ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. $ 2 &&- sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
g. (S ad. sk. Ohillanes, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
3. Pipreola viridis. 
Ampelis viridis, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 40; d1Orb. Voy., Ois. 
p. 298, t. xxx.fig. 2; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 135. 
Pipreola melanokema, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186: Scl. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 780 (S.Peru). 
Pipreola viridis, 
8cl Ann. fy Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469; id. 
Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 167; 8cl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 018 
(Bolivia). 

Similar to P. melanolcema, but with distinct white ends to the 
rectrices. 
Eab. S. Peru and Bolivia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Punamarca, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
b} c. $ ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d,e. <3 2 ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman ColL 
f>9- 6 S ad. sk. Tilotilo, Boiivia (Buckley). Sclater ColL 
4. Pipreola formosa. 
Ampelis formosa, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1849, pp. 275, 493, t. xiv. 

Pyrrhorhynchus formosa, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177. 

Eucblorornis formosa, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103. 

Pipreola formosa, Scl. Ann. fy Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469; id. 

Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 168; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 172, et 
1869, p. 252 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 58. 

Above bright green; head black ; wings blackish, edged with 

15 . PIPBEOIA. 
379 
green; outer secondaries tipped with white : beneath yellow, throat 
black like the head ; fore-neck scarlet; flanks green ; under wing-
coverts yellowish white ; bill yellowish ; feet plumbeous : whole 
length 6*5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-4. Female, Above green, secondaries 
tipped with white : beneath yellowish, with numerous green 
lunulations. 

Hab. Venezuela. 

^ The yellow belly, blood-red neck, and black throat at once distinguish 
this species from others of this group with white endings 
to the outer secondaries. 

a, b. d 2ad. sk. CaripS, Venezuela (Goering). Selater Coll. 

c. c^ad.sk. Caracas, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. <$ J ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela J. Gould, Esq. 
(Guejing). 

2a(i

f.- sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Selater Coll. 

g. $ ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Purchased. 
5. Pipreola frontalis. 
Euchlornis frontalis, Scl. P. Z. S.1858, p. 446; id. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. 
ser. 3, vol. iii. p. 443. 
Pipreola frontalis, Scl. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166,169, pi. vi.: 8cl. et Salv. 

P. Z. S.1879, p. 618 (Bolivia). 
Above bright green, growing darker on the head, and almost 
black on the front; outer secondaries with white terminations: 
beneath yellow, throat and fore-neck bright scarlet; flanks and 
lower belly barred with green; under wing-coverts white, tinged 
with yellowish; bill and feet yellow : whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*4, tail 2*8. Female. Above green; slight frontal band 
yellowish; outer secondaries with white terminations: beneath 
green; middle of throat yellow, tinged with scarlet; belly yellowish, 
with slight green cross-bars; bill and feet pale brown. 

Hah. Bolivia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. 
Pindo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. $ 
$ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
leg). 

6. Pipreola sclateri. 
Euchlornis sclateri, Cornalia, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 133, pi. 101 j id. 

Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1853, p. 107, pi. 4. 

Pipreola sclateri, 8cl P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113 (Ecuador); id. Ann. <$• 

Mag. N. H. ser. % xvii. p. 469; id. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166,170; Salv. 

Ibis, 1874, p. 324; Scl. et Salv. NomencL p. 58; iid. P. Z. S.1880, 

p. 155. 
Above green, lores dark; outer secondaries with white ends: 
beneath green, throat and breast scarlet; middle of belly pale 
yellow ; under wing-coverts white; bill yellowish, with black tip ; 

380 COTINGIDiE. 

feet yellow, with black claws : whole length 4*8 inches, wing 3, 
tail 1-8. Female. Above green, secondaries tipped with white; 
beneath green, with numerous yellow undulations ; bill and feet 
brown. 

Hah. Eastern Ecuador. 
This species is easily recognized by its small size and blood-red 
breast. This colour is bordered below by green, not yellow as in 

P. frontalis. 
a, b. <$ ad. • c, d. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 ad. sk 
e,f. $ J ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
g. S ad. • kjr. sk. 
£ Rio Napo, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
7. Pipreola aureipectus. 

Ampelis aureipectus, Lafr. Eev. Zool. 1843, p. 68; id. May. de Zool. 

1843, pi. 30. 
Pyrrhorhynchus aureipectus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177. 
Pipreola aureipectus, ticlat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota) ; id. Ann. 

ty Mao. N* II. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469; id. Cat A. B. p. 255; id. Ibis7 
1878, pp. 160, 171 ; Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. 58,- iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 520 (Antioquia); Tacx. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru). 
Euchlororois aureipectus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103. 
Above bright green; external secondaries slightly tipped with 
white; lores darker: beneath bright green; throat, breast, and 
middle of belly bright yellow ; sides with slight yellow striations ; 
under wing-coverts yellowish white ; bill yellow ; feet brown : 
whole length G'5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2*6. Female. Above green, 
with white ends to the outer secondaries; beneath green, with slight 
yellow striations ; bill and feet brown. 

Hob. Venezuela and Colombia. 

a. c? ad. sk. Venezuela. E. By son [C.]. 
b, c. $ J ad. sk. Venezuela. Purchased. 
d. J ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goeriny). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. cf ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/; 9> 6 $ ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
h} i. <£ 2 a(l-s&- Concordia, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater ColL 
(Safonon). 

j. $ ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq. 
8. Pipreola lubomirskii. 
Pipreolalubomirskii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 236, pi.xxii. (N.E.Peru) ; 
id. Orn. PSr. ii p. 377. 

^ Above bright green; wings blackish, edged with green; top and 
sides of head black : beneath yellow, throat and breast black ; sides 
of breast and flanks green ; under wing-coverts yellowish white; 
bill orange ; feet brown : whole length &2 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2'6. 

Hab. Central Peru. 

15 , PIPKT50LA. 
381 

This species generally resembles P. melanolcema, but has no white 
ends to the external secondaries. 

a. 
S ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru \JStokmann). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
9. Pipreola jucunda. 
Pipreola jucunda, 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 89, pi. clx. (Ecuador): 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 255; id. Ibis, 1878, pp. 160, 171; Sel et Sah. 
Nomencl p. 58; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 121 
(Ecuador). 

Above bright green; whole head black ; beneath, chin and throat 
black; large pectoral patch orange, bordered with black ; middle of 
belly and crissum bright yellow; sides of breast and flanks green ; 
under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow* bill yellow : feet brown: whole 
length 6-6 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2*6. Female. Above green ; 
beneath green, belly flammnlated with yellow; bill pale brown ; 

feet dark brown. 
Hab. Ecuador. 
a. $ ad. sk. Cachi Llacta, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 
b, c. $ ad. ,* d. §
ad. sk. 
(Fraser). 
Intac, Ecuador {Buchley). 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. S ad. sk.
g. tf ad. sk.
h. $ ad.sk. 
Quito, Ecuador. 
Ecuador (Buckley). 
Ecuador. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10. Pipreola elegans. 
Ampelis elegans, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1843, i. p. 384 j id. Fauna Per., 
Aves, p. 135. 
Pipreola elegans, 8cl. Ann. fy Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469 (1856); 
id. Ibis, 1878, p. 172 ; Tacz. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 378. 

Bright green, rather darker on the head; front, sides of head, and 
top of throat black; large pectoral patch yellow, bordered by a 
black margin below; middle of abdomen yellow, sides green; bill 
yellow; feet flesh-colour : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*1. 

Hab. Central Peru. 

Distinguished from P. jucunda by its green head and yellow 
breast. I have examined the type of this species in the Museum of 
NeuehateL 

11. Pipreola whitelyi. 
Pipreola whitelyi, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, "p. 449- Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 304, et 1886, p. 502, pi. xii. (Br. Guiana). 

Above cinereous, washed with green except on the head; long 
superciliaries and narrow neck-collar at the back of the head golden 
yellow ; wings and tail blackish, edged with brownish yellow : 
beneath cinereous, with a slight greenish tinge ; broad pectoral 
band crimson, passing into golden yellow on the sides; crissum 

382 
OOTINGJDD^S. 

rufous ; bill scarlet; feet orange-yellowish.: whole length 7 inches, 
wing 3-6, tail 2-7. Female. Above olive-green; superciliaries and 
sides of nock washed with golden ; wings and tail blaekish, with 
golden-green margins : beneath pale yellow, covered with numerous 
dark green shaft-stripes : crissum yellowish. 

Hal. Interior of British Guiana. 
This is quite a distinct form, remarkable for its coral-red bill and 
bright scarlet pectoral band. 

a, b. $ ad.; c, J Mt. Twek-quey, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll. ] 
ad.sk. Brit. Guiana {Whitely). I 

d. 2 
&&• sk* Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. j 
(Whitely). (Types of the species.) 
16. 
COTINGA. 
Type. 
Cotinga, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 339 (1760) C. cgerulea. 
Porphyrolsema, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854) 0. porphyrolsema. 
Hylocosmia, Sund. AD. Meth. Tent. p. 62 (1872) .. C. cseralea. 
In Cotinga, the seven or eight known species of which are distri


buted over the tropical forests of America from Guatemala to Brazil, 
the splendid decoration bestowed upon this family of birds reaches 
its acme. The green of the last two genera is here replaced by the 
most gorgeous tints of blue and purple in the male sex, while the 
females have retired into dresses of various shades of brown. In 
external structure the chief peculiarity exhibited by Cotinga is the 
greater or less acumination of the outer primaries. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Throat and belly purple-red. 
a. Without any breast-band 1. ccerulea, p. 382. 
b. "With a blue breast-band. 
a1. Breast-band and flanks dark blue ... . 2. cincta, p. 383. 
b\ Breast-band and flanks light blue: 
( upper tail-coverts long, covering tail 3. amabilis, p. 384. 
< upper tail-coverts short, not covering 
( tail 4. ridgwayi, p. 384. 

B. Throat purple-red; belly blue. 
c. Belly dark blue; throat-patch larger: 
( without a black belly-patch 5. cay ana, p. 385. 
j with a black belly-patch 6. nattereri, p. 385. 
d. Belly light blue; throat-patch smaller .. 7. maynana, p. 386. 
0. Throat purple-red; belly white 8. porphyrolmma, p. 386. 
1. Cotinga cserulea. 
Anipelis cotinga, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 430; 

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 105. 
Le Cotinga, Daub. PL JBnl. 186. 
Ampelis cserulea, Vieill Enc. Meth. p. 760; id. Gal Ois. i. p. 183, 

pi. 116 j Cab. in Schomb. Quian. iii. p. 693. 
Cotinga coelestis, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 46 (1841); Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 175. 
16 . COTINGA. 
383 
Cotinga cserulea, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 256; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 132; 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. 

p. 58; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. .1*05 (Brit. Guiana); id. Cat. StrickL 
Coll. p. 329. J 
Above bright blue; wings and tail black : beneath bright reddish 
purple; sides of belly and crissum blue like the back; under wing-
coverts black; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4-5, 
tail 2-6. Female, Above brownish black, with slight whitish 
terminal bands on the feathers: beneath ochraceous white, with 
dark central spots; under wing-coverts pale reddish ochraceous. 

Eab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Rio Negro. 

a. <$ ad. st Cayenne. 
Purchased. 
b. c? jr. st. Cayenne. 
H. C. Rothery, Esq. 
€, d. 3 ad.: e.2 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
i. sk. 
(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad.; g. <$ R. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana 
f-d 

, var. sk. {Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. S ad.; i,j. 
6 j ^ sk. 
k,L 8 2 ad. sk. 
m. <S ad.; n. tf 
Carimang r., 
(Whitely). 
Cayenne. 
S. America. 
Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
o, $ ad. sk... S. America. J. Gould, Esq. 

2. Cotinga cincta. 
Cotinga du Bresil, Daub. PL Enl. 188. 
Ampelis cincta, Kuhl, Buf. et Daub. Fig. av. col nom. Syst. p. 4 
(1820); StrickL Ann. N. H. viii. p. 373; Burm. Syst Ueb. ii. 

p. 430; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 105. 
Cotinga cincta, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 256; Scl. 
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; Salv. Cat. StrickL Coll. p. 329. 

Ampelis superha, Shaw, Nat Misc. xix. pi. 821, 

Ampelis cotinga, VieilL Enc. Meth. p. 761; Shaw, Nat. Misc. xix. 

pi. 817; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 391. 
Cotinga cserulea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175. 


Above bright blue, wings and tail black: beneath bright reddish 
purple ; a narrow breast-band, sides of the belly, and crissum bright 
blue like the back; under wing-coverts black tinged with blue; 
bill and feet black: wbole length 8 inches, wing 4-7, tail 2*8. 
Female. Above blackish, with ochraceous margins to the feathers : 
beneath reddish ochraceous, with central black spots to the feathers; 
crissum and margins of inner webs of wing-feathers reddish ochraceous. 


Hal. South-east Brazil. 

a. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
Brazil. 
Sudbury Mus. [E.]. 

b. $ ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. S jr.; d. 2 
ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 

«,/• 6 ? ad.sk. 

g. <$ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
A. <$ ad.; t. $ Brazil. 
jr. sk. 
38 4 
CGTIKGIDJE. 

3. Cotinga amabilis. 
Cotinga amabilis, Gould, F. Z. S. 1857, p. 64, pi. cxxiii. (Guatemala) ; 
Sclater, F. Z. S. 1860, p. 252 (S. Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 256 ; 
Sol et Salv. Ibis, 1850, pp. 4, 5, 125 (Vera Paz); iid. Nomenel. 
p. 59; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. 

J.f. 0. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica). 
Ampelis amabilis, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 253 (Costa Rica). 
Above shining blue (lighter than in C. cincta); wings and tail 
black, with slight bluish edgings: beneath dark reddish purple; 
broad band across the breast, sides of breast, belly, and crissum 
blue like the back; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, 
wing 4*5, tail 2-Q. Female. Above blackish, with numerous 
whitish terminal spots; wings and tail blackish: beneath greyish, 
white, with black central shaft-spots; crissum and under-wingcoverts 
white. 

Hah. Guatemala and Costa Rica. 

The broader pectoral band and the reduced size of the purple 
belly-patch, besides the lighter shade of the blue, distinguish this 
species from C. cincta. 

a, b. c? ? ad. sk. Vera Paz. ^"Cfould, Esq. 
c, d. <$ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. $ 
ad.; /. $ Choctum, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
jr. sk. § 
^.'c? jr.; 
h. $ Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-GodmanColl. 
ad. sk. 

Vera

«. c? jr.; j. 2 I*az (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
k9 I 6 ? ad.; Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq. 

m. d jr. sk. 
(Types of C. amabilis.) 
n. (5 ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll. 
o, p. $ jr. sk. Costa Rica ( Van Fatten). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Cotinga ridgwayi. 
Cotinga amabilis, Salvin, F. Z. S. 1870, p. 200 (Veragua). 
" Cotinga ridgwayi, Zeledon," Fidgw. F. U.S. JV. M. 1887, p. 1. 

Similar to C. amabilis, but scapulars and interscapulars more 
extensively black centrally; a black line bordering the base of trie 
upper mandible, and a black space in front of the eye ; purple belly-
patch reduced in size; tail-coverts much shorter. (Bidgway.) 

Hob. Western Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and Northern 
Colombia. 
I am a little doubtful as to the specific distinctness of this form, 
and should like to see more specimens. 

a, b. S $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arc4). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. <$ ad. sk. C. America(probably Panama). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
16 . COTINGA. 
385 
5. Cotinga cayana, 
Ampelis cayana, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 298; Vieill JSnc MSth. p. 704; 

Burm. 8yd. TJeb. ii. p. 420 ; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 106. 

Cotinga de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 624. 

Cotinga cayana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175 j Scl. Cat A. B. p. 256; Peh. 

Om. Bras. p. 133 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (R. Ucayali), 
1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751 (E. Peru), p. 978 (Amazonia), 
1873, p. 285 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomeml. 

p. 59 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 384; 8alv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. 
Guiana). 
Ampelis cayennensis, d'Orb. Foy., Ois. p. 297 (Bolivia). 


Above bright shining blue, showing black central spots on some 
feathers ; wings and tail black, the former more or less edged with 
blue : beneath bine as above: whole throat deep reddish purple; 
inner webs of secondaries edged with white; bill and feet black: 
wliole length 8 inches, wing 4*6, tail 3*2. Female. Above dark 
greyish, with black centres to the feathers; wings and tail black, 
with, rufous edgings: beneath paler, belly more or less edged with 
rutous: under wing-coverts and inner edgings of wing- and tail-
feathers rufous. 

Mob. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia to Eastern Ecuador. 

a, b. $ jr.; c. $ South America. Purchased. 
ad. st. 
d, e. $ $ ad.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. 3 jr. sk. (Whitely). 
g, h. <$ J ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
i. £ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. 
<S ad. sk. Chyavetas, Eastern Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ba7'tleM). 

h. S ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
I. <5 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. (S ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. P ad. sk. S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p, q. <5 ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.. 
2 a<3sll s*America

r.-«- 
Sclater Coll. 

6. Cotinga nattereri. 
Ampelis nattererii, Bom. Bev. Zool. 1840, p. 2. 
Cotinga nattereri, Scl. P. Z. S.1855, p. 152. 


Similar to C. cayana, but with an abdominal spot, and with the 
tnroat-feathers striped with black (Boiss.). 
Mab. Bogota. 

 have only females and young of the Bogota bird before me. 

These cannot be distinguished from G. cayana. But the adult 

male, if correctly described by Boissoneau, must be different. 

a. * w.; h. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Bo&ota

c. | ad/sk. 
- Salvm-Godman Coll. 
2c 

"VOL. XIV. 

COTINGKLDJE. 

7. Cotinga maynana. 
Ampelis maynana, Linn. S. JSf.i. p. 298. 
Cotinga des M aynas, Daub. PI. JEJnl. 229. 
Cotinga maynana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 205 


(Upper Amazons), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo); id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 256 ; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 133; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, 
p. 285 (E. Peru) j iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24 
(N.E. Peru)$ id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 385. 
Above and beneath uniform shining bine; throat, more restricted 
than in G. cay ana, reddish purple : wings and tail black, edged 
with blue; inner webs of the wing-feathers except the apical portion 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 7*6 inches, wing 4*4, 
tail 3. Female. Above blackish brown, with slight lighter edgings 
to the feathers: beneath more rufous, with dark central shaft-spots ; 
under wing-coverts, inner webs of wing-feathers, and crissum 
rufous. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia. 

The restricted purple of the throat, and the uniform bright shining 

blue of the body at once distinguish this splendid species. The 

white patch on the under surface of the wings is also much more 

strongly developed. In the female this becomes rufous, and serves 

to separate this sex from the corresponding sex of 0. cay ana. 

a. $ ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
b. S ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru. Sclater Coll. 
c. d. <$ J ad. sk. River Ucayali (Hauxivell). J. Gould, Esq. 
e. S j r - sk. Ckamicuros, Eastern Peru. E. Bartlett [0„]. 
/,//. d1 $ ad. sk. Pebas, Eastern Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k(S ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
i,j. d 2 a<l* s^« Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h'. <$ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
I, m. <$ ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Cotinga porphyrolsema. 
Cotinga porphyrolsema, 
Scl. et Dev. JRev. Zool 1852, p. 226; iid. 
Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 136, pi. xcvi; Des Murs, Zool. Casteln. Voy.. 
Ois. p. 65; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (Ucayali), et 1873, 

p. 285 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl p. 59; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 386. 
Porphyrolsema phygas, Bp. Comp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854). 
Above black; slight margins to feathers of back, tips of middle 
wing-coverts, and outer webs of external primaries white : beneath 
white, throat purple, breast slightly stained with purple ; under 
wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, 
wing 3*9, tail 2-8. Female. Above dull blackish, with numerous 
light brown specks and cross bars: beneath ferruginous brown, with 
narrow transverse black bars: under wing-coverts, inner webs of 
wing- and tail-feathers, and crissum pale ferruginous. 

Bab. Upper Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador. 

a, b. (S $ ad. sk. River Ucayali. J. Gould, Esq. 
c} d. (S $ ad. sk. River Ucayali (IlauMell). J. Gould, Esq. 

17 . XIPHOLENA. 387 
e. $ jr.; / . $ ad. Sarayacu, CJcayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
g. (S ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. S *&• s^* 
; /. <5 ad. sk.
(Hauxwell). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

17. 
XIPHOLEFA. 
Type, 
Xipholena, Gloger, Hand- u. Hilfsb. d. Nat p. 320 

(1842) X. pompadora. 
In the three species of Xipholena the males attain a further 
ornamentation by the production and modification of the upper 
wing-coverts and the thickening and hardening of their stems. 
One of these remarkable birds is peculiar to Guiana, a second to 
Lower Amazonia, and the third to S.E. Brazil. In Upper Amazonia 
this form does not appear to occur. 

Key to the Species. 

i 
i 
A. Tail dark like the back. 
Plumage crimson-purple; upper wing-
coverts much lengthened 1. pompadora, p. 387. 
Plumage dark purple; upper wing-

coverts slightly lengthened 2. atro-purpurea, p. 388. 

B. 
Tail pure white; upper wing-coverts excessively 
lengthened 3. lamellipennis, p. 389. 
1. Xipholena pompadora, 
Ampelis pompadora, Linn. 8. JV". i. p. 218 ; Vieill Ike. MSth. p. 764; 

Malm, Vog. aus Asien, Lief. ix. pi 3. 
Cotinga pourpre de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Bnl 279. 
Cotinga pompadora, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279. 
Xipholena pompadora, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 233 j id. in 

iSchomb. Guian. iii. p. 693; Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Cab. et Hein. Mm. 
Hein. ii. p. 106; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 256 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 133; 
Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 9; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 59 j Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit, Guiana). 


Above and beneath shining reddish purple; wings white; primaries 
tipped with black; tail white at the base; upper ^ wing-
coverts elongated, lanceolate, and with the stems thickened; bill dark 
brown; feet black: whole length 7'5 inches, wing 5, tail 3. Female. 
Above cinereous: wings darker, and with white edgings to the 
coverts and outer secondaries: beneath paler, belly whitish; under 
wing-coverts white. 

Hal. Guiana, Surinam, and Cayenne. 

a, b. d ad.; c. J British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.]. 
ad. st. 
d, e. $ $ ad. sk. Cayenne. H. C. Kothery, Esq. 

[P.j. 
2c2 
388 
COTING-IM. 

/, g. <$ $ ad.; 
h.$ jr. sk. 

i. $ ad. sk. 
I. cS ad. sk. 
?«. tf ad.; ». c? 

jr. sk. 
o,p. (S $ ad. sk. 
#. c? ad. sk. 

r. tf ad. sk. 
s, £. c? ? a^-' s^' 
«. c? ad. var. sk. 

Bartica Grove, British. Guiana 

(Whitehj). 

B. Attapurow, British Guiana 
(WMtely). 

Camacusa, British Guiana 

{Whitehj). 
Maroni River, Surinam (Kappier). 


Cayenne. 

Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 

S. America. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

H. O.Rothery, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Xipholena atropurpurea. 
Ampelis atropurpurea, Max. JReis. n. Bras. i. p. 262 (1820). 
Ampelis purpurea, Lioht. Doubl. p. 57 (1823) ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 397; 
Burm. JSyst. TIeb. ii. p. 428. 
Cotinga purpurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279. 
Xipholena atropurpurea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Scl Cat. A. B. p. %o7; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 59 ; iid. Ex. Orn. p. 9, pi. v. 
Xipholena purpurea, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 233 ; Cab. et 

B.ein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 106. 

Above and beneath dark vinaceous purple; wings -white, primaries 
tipped with black; wing-coverts slightly elongated and 
thickened; under wing-coverts white ; bill dark brown; feet black : 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4*4, tail 2-6. Female. Above 
cinereous, with more or less whitish, edgings to the rump-feathers ; 
wings and tail dark brown; external secondaries and wing-coverts 
margined with white : beneath paler, belly whitish; under wing-
coverts and under surface of wings white. 

Sab. S.E. Brazil. 

In this darker species the adult male never exhibits the development 
of the upper wing-coverts shown in C. jpompadora and (7. 
lamellipennis. 

a. (S jr. st. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E.I. 
b, c. S $ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater Coll. 
d. c? jr. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e-g. $ ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. S ad.; i,j, <? Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
h $ 
ad.; I <$ jr. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
sk. 

m. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
n,<$ ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
°- c? jr.; p. $ ad. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 

sk 

18 . CARPODECTES. 
38 9 
3. Xipholena lamellipennis. 
Ampelis lamellipennis, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois. pi. 9. 

Xipholena lamellipennis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 257 j 
Pefo. Orn. Bras. p. 133; Scl. et Salv. F.Z.S. 1867, p. 580 (L. 
Amazons) ; iid. JEx. Orn. p. 10; iid. Nomoncl p. 59. 

^ Above and beneath very dark purple; wings white, without black 
tips; tail pure white; upper wing-coverts highly developed, and 
extending over the wing; bill dark brown ; feet black: whole length 
7*5 inches, wing 4*5, tail 2*9


Hab. Lower Amazonia (near Para). 
The white tail and excessive development of the wing-coverts at 
once distinguish this fine species. 

a. S ad. sk. Brazil. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
I. 
c? ad. sk. Para, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk. Para, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Grodrnan Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. South America. Sclater Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. South America. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq. 
18. 
CARPODECTES. 
Type. 
Carpodectes, Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 C. nitidus. 
The strong beak, long wings, and snow-white plumage render 
this peculiar Central-American type of the Ootingidce easily recognizable. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Bill plumbeous 
1. nitidus, p. 389. 
B. Bill yellow, culmeu black 
2. antonice, p. 389. 
1. Carpodectes nitidus. 
Carpodectes nitidus, 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583, pi. xxxvi. (Costa 
Rica) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 313 (Nicaragua) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 

viii. p. 183 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J.f. 0. 
1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) ,* Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58 ; Boucard, 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i, p. 255 
(Costa Rica). 
Snow-white, upper parts tinged with greyish, especially on the 
head; bill plumbeous; feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 5%5, 
tail 2-8. 
Hah. Eastern Costa Rica and Nicaragua. 


a. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type 
of genus and species.) 
2. Carpodectes antoniae. 
Carpodectes antoniae, Ridgw. Ibis, 1884, p. 27, pi ii.; id. P. U.S. JV. M. 
vi. p. 410, et x. p. 20. 
Like 0. nitidus, but rather smaller; bill yellow, with a black line 
Blong the culmen; crown paler. 
Hab. "Western Costa Rica. 


390 COTItfGIDiE. 

19. DOLIORNIS. Type> 
Doliornis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 135 D. selateri. 

This monotype of Central Peru is allied to Heliochera, but has a 
smaller and much more compressed bill, and the outer primaries 
not acuminated. 

1. Doliornis sclateri. 
Doliornis sclateri, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 136,541, pi. xx. (C. Peru) ; 
id. Orn. TSr. ii. p. 384. 

Above dark brownish cinereous: feathers of head elongated, 
black, with a large half-concealed medial patch of bright cinnamon-
red ; sides of head and nape cinereous; wings and tail blackish, 
slightly edged with cinereous brown: beneath brown, throat cinereous; 
crissum bright reddish cinnamon; under wing-coverts brownish 
grey; bill and feet black: whole length 7*8 inches, wing 4, tail 3*7. 

Habt Central Peru. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Maraynioc, Central Peru (Jelshi). Sclater Coll, (Type of 
the genus and species.) 
20. HELIOCHERA. T 
Heliochera, de Filippi, Cat Mus. Mediol, Av. p. 31 
(1847) H. rubrocristata. 

The two known species of this crested group have a short, 
strong, but much widened bill, rather strong feet of the normal 
Cotingine form, and the two first primaries acuminated. Their 
range extends from Venezuela through Colombia and Ecuador 
to Peru and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Throat grey: bend of wing blackish; tailJ)
and wMte

_ 1-rubrocristata, p. 380. 

B. Throat and bend of wing red; no tail-band.. 2, rufaxilla, p. 381, 
1. Heliochera rubrocristata. 
Ampelis rabrocristata, &Orh et Lafr. JSyn. Ao. i. p. 39; d'Orb. Voy., 

Ois. p. 297, pi. 31. fig. 1 (Bolivia). 

Ampelis rufocristaia, JBoiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 3 (Bogota). 

Ampelion rubrocristatus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p, 137; 

Sclater, P. Z. & 1855, p. 152 (Bogota), 1858, p. 553 (Ecuador), et 

1860, pp. 78, 89 (Ecuador). 

Carpornis rubrocristata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176. 

Ampelion rufocristatus, Burm. Syst. tleb. ii. p. 438. 

Heliochera rubrocristata, Be Filippi, Att. Sc. ltd. 1846, p. 449; Cab. 

et Hein. Mus. 'Eein. ii. p. 104; Scl Cat A. B. p. 255; ScL et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela), 1874, p. 678 (S. Peru), 1879, 
20 . HELIOCHEEA. 
391 

is/w, p. ^/, et leau, p. sua (N. Beru); **. Orn. Per. ii. p. 381: 
iferZ. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 318 (Bucaramanga) j Bed. et Tctcz. P. Z. £, 
1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador). 

Above cinereous; rump black, striped with white; head black, 
with an elongated vertical crest of dark chestnut; wings black, with 
brownish edgings; tail black, lateral rectrices with a largo squaro 
white blotch on the inner webs near the tail-end, forming a transverse 
band: beneath cinereous, varied with white on the middle of 
the belly and crissum ; bill with the base chalky white, apex plumbeous; 
feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4-G, tail 3*6. 
Female. "Without the red crest; above blackish brown, variegated 
with white stripes; head and wings brown; tail blackish, with a 
white bar across the lower end, as in the male : beneath blackish, 
abdomen greenish white, with numerous blackish stripes. 

Hab. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
c.$ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d>e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. S ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

h. <$ $ ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9> 

U. S. C. (Simons). 
i. 
S ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sclater Coll. 
U. S. C. (Simon*). 
,i-Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
§ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 1hm. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

n. 
<$ jr. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
0. 
<5 jr. sk. Yauayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
P-

r. 
S ad. sk. Quito, 'Ecuador, J. Gould, Esq. 
& 

8. Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jr. sk. 

2. Heliochera rufaxiHa. 
Ampelis rufaxilla, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, t. vii. fig. 1. 
Ampelion rufaxilla, Cab. in Tsch Faun. Per., Aves, p. 337. 
Heliochera rufaxilla, Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 


p. 520 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. %. S. 1879, p. 237, et 18823 p. 24} 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 383. 
Above olivaceous grey, with obscure dark shaft-spots; front and 
sides of crown blackish; large occipital crest and sides of head bright 
chestnut; wings and tail black, with slight brownish edgings: 
bend of the wing and smaller upper wing-coverts bright chestnut: 
beneath, throat and fore-neck chestnut: breast olivaceous grey; 
abdomen yellow, with strongly-marked black shaft-spots; bill and 
feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4-5, tail 8. Female 
similar (?). 

Hab. Peru and Colombia. 

COTING-IDiE. 

392 

a. 5ad.sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (<Stefoi<m). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. (S ad. sk. Eetiro, Antioquia, U. S. C. (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mm). 
c. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, TJ. S. C. T. K. Salmon [0.]. 
d. $ ad.; e. Ad. Antioquia, U. S. 0. (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
' sk. 
21. 
IODOPLEUBA. 
Type. 
Iodopleura, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 45 I. pipra. 
Iodopleura and its near ally Galyptura have been usually associated 
with the Pipridce, but appear to have a pycnaspidean tarsus, 
and should, therefore, in consonance with SundevaU's views, be 
deemed to be diminutive forms of the Gotingidce. 
The lodopleurce are only found in South America, extending from 
Colombia through Amazonia to Cayenne and S.E. Brazil. The 
ornamental tuft of violet feathers on each side of the breast is the 
characteristic feature of this genus. 


Key to the Species. 

A. 
Throat pale rufous: 
I rump grey like the back 1. pipra, p. 392. 
) rump white 2. leucopygia, p. 393. 
B. Throat white 
3. Isabella, p. 393. 
C. Throat sooty brown 
4. fusca, p. 393. 
1. Iodopleura pipra. 
Pardalotus pipra, Less. Cent. Zool. pi. 26; id. Tr. <P0rn. i. p. 455. 
Euphone aurora, Sundev. K. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1833, p. 312, pi. 11. 
tig. 5. 
Iodopleura pipra, Gray, List Gen. JB. p. 45 (1841); Gab. in ScJiomb. 
Guian. iii. p. 697; Bes Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 71. fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 171; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 465 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266 ; 
id. Gat. A. B. p. 246; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 59; Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 89. 
Euphone modesta, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 

Above cinereous, head rather darker, almost black; wings and 
tail blackish, with brownish margins: beneath grey, with numerous 
white cross bars; throat, lower belly, and crissum pale reddish 
ochraceous; on each side of the breast a small elongated tuft of 
bright violet feathers; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet 
black: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1*3. Female similar, 
but head not so dark, and without the violet tufts on the flanks. 

Hob. 
S.E. Brazil. 

ct}b. <$ J ad. sk. Brazil, 
Purchased. 

c. $ ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Bio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Youds). 
d,e. $2 ad.; Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk. 

g. <$ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq, 
21 . IODOPLETTRA. 
393 

2. Iodopleura leucopygia. (Plato XXVI.) 
Iodopleura leucopygia, Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. Guiana). 
Similar to I. pipra, but with a narrow white bar across the rump, 
and cap hardly darker than the back. 
Bab, British Guiana. 


a, b. Ad. sk. British Guiana (JVhitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 


3. Iodopleura Isabella. 
Iodopleura 
isabellee, Parzud. Pev. Zool. 1847, p. 180; Des Mum, 
Icon. Orn. pi. 71.fig. 1; Bp. Consp. i. p. 171; Mater, P. Z. S. 1857, 

p. 2QQ (U. Amazons) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Cab. et Ilein. Mm. 
Hein. ii. p. 90; Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (L. Amazons), 
p. 758 (E. Peru), et 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru); iid. KomencL p. 59; 
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24 
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 388. 
Iodopleura guttata, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 45 ? 
Iodopleura emilige, Des Murs, Icon. Orn. sub tab. 71 (err.). 
Above dark smoky brown; lores, superciliaries, and bar across the 

rump white ; beneath rather paler smoky brown, with black shaft-

spots on the flanks; throat, middle line of breast, and lower belly 

white; large patch of elongated plumes on each side of the breast 

bright bluish violet; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: 

whole length 4-2 inches, wing 3, tail 1*5, Female similar, but 

without the lateral violet tufts. 

Bab. Upper and Lower Amazonia and Ecuador. 

The larger size, the white colour below, and the larger bluish 

violet tufts distinguish this fine species. 

a,b. S ? ad. sk. Venezuela (?). Purchased. 

c. c? ad. sk. Rio Tocantins (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
d. S ad.sk. Xeberos, Eastern Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
e. 2 ad.; / . Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
Pull. sk. 
9, h. S 2 ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [0.]. 

i. 
$ ad. sk. Pebas,Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
<$ ad. sk. Peru. Sclater Coll. 
k, I S S ad. sk. Rio Copotaza, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 

4. Iodopleura fasca. 
Ampelis fusca, Vieill. Now. Diet. viii. p. 162 (1817). 
Iodopleura fusca, Salv. Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 330; id. Ibis, 1885, 

p. 305 (Brit. Guiana). 
Pipra laplacii, Gerv. Mag. Zool. 1836, cl. ii. pi. 68. 
Iodopleura laplacii, Scl. et Salv. NomencL p. 59. 
Above dull black, with a snow-white bar across the rump: beneath 
smoky brown; middle of belly and crissum white; a bluish-violet 
tuft of elongated feathers on each side of the breast; under wing


394 COXING IMS. 

coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 3*4, 

tail 1'5. Female similar, but without the violet lateral tufts. 
Hob. Guiana and Cayenne. 
Smaller than 1". isabellce, and at once recognizable by its brown 

throat and black upper surface. 

a, b. c? 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c. J ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk.
e. S ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Demerara. 
South America. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 

22. CALYPTURA. 
Type. 
Calyptura, Sw. Faun. Bar.-Am. ii. p. 491 (1831) C. cristata. 
This curious little bird deserves closer examination, although I 

have little doubt that Iodojpleura is its not remote ally. It has, 
however, shorter wings, shorter tail, and a Tyrannine plumage. It 
is peculiar to South-eastern Brazil. 

1. Calyptura cristata. 
Pardalotus cristatus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxiv. p. 528; id. Erie. Meth. 
p. 511; Less. Tr. $Qrn. i. p. 455. 
Calyptura cristata, Sio. Orn. Br. pi. 24; id. Class. B. ii. p. 254; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 175; Burm, Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 448 ; Cab. et Hem. Mm. 
Mein. ii. p. 90; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 89 
(Cantagallo); Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 59. 

Pipra tyrannulus, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 940. 

Above greenish yellow; front and rump pure yellow: head 
crested, scarlet with a black border; wings and tail dull blackish, 
edged with greenish yellow; tips of two rows of coverts and margins 
of outer secondaries white : beneath yellow, brighter on lower 
belly; under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet black: whole length 
3 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1. Female similar. 
Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

a. (S ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. Novo Eribourgo,Brazil(Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. tf ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq. 
Subfamily VI. GYMNODERINJS. 

These are exaggerated forms of the Cotingidce, in which developments 
of colour, size, and ornamental appendages have been pushed 
to their extreme limits. Whether they should all stand together as 
a separate group is doubtful, especially as regards the last two 
genera (Sect. B), which might, perhaps, be better placed with the 
typical Cotingince. But this and many other points must be left to 

395 

23 . 
IU3MAT0DEKTJS. 
bo settled when opportunities shall have boon obtained for a moro 
accurate examination of tho structure of those birds. 
The QymnoderUuB range from Costa Rica down to Brazil and 
Bolivia. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Rictal bristles strongly developed; gape 
narrower. 
a. Lores densely feathered. 
a'. No throat-wattle or crest on head. 
a". Nostrils covered by plumes 23. IliEMATODEBUS, 
b". Nostrils exposed. ["p. 395. 

(Bill short, widened 24. QUETUTLA, p. 31)0. 
j Bill longer, compressed 2o. PYBQDEBUS, p. 897. 
b\ With a throat-wattle, and crested [p. 398. 
head 26. CEPIIALOPTERUS, 

b. Lores denuded 
27. GYMNOCEPHALUS, 
B. 
Rictus smooth : gape wider. [p. 401. 
I Lores plumed: culmen elevated ... . 28. GYMNODEBTTS, p. 402. 
j Lores denuded : bill much flattened.. 29. CHASMOEHYNCHUS, 
[p. 403. 
23. 
KEMAT0DERUS. 
Type. 
Hsematoderus, Bp. Ann. 8c. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. t. i. 

p. 134 (1854) 
II. militaris. 
This splendid type, remarkable for its gorgeous colour and 
elongated plumes, is found only in the Guianas and Lower Amazonia. 


1. Hsematoderus militaris. 
Coracias militaris. Lath. 2nd. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii. 
Querula rubra, Vieill. Nouv. Diet viii. p. 161 j id. Enc, MSth, p. 768. 
Querula purpurea, Zess. Tr. aVOm. i. p. 362. 
Querula militaris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 179. 
Threnoedus militaris, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. g. 690. 
Hsematoderus militaris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 107; Scl. Cat 


A. B. p. 257• JPelz. Orn. Bras. p. 134; Scl. et Sah\ P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 580 (L. Amazonia); ikl Nomencl. p. 59; Salu. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 305 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above and beneath deep crimson-red; feathers of head, neck, 
rump, and breast elongated and narrowed; wings and tail sooty-
brown ; bill reddish; feet black: whole length 13 inches, wing 8*7, 
tail 5*3. Female rather smaller, above sooty-brown; head and 
body beneath crimson. 

Hob. 
Gniana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia. 

a-c. S ad.; South America. Purchased. 
d. 2 ad. sk. 
e,f. <S $ ad. sk.
g. <$ jr. sk.
h. S ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Amazons (Bates). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

396 COTl^aiDiE. 
24. aUEKXJLA. 
Querula, Vieill. Analyse, p. 37 (1816)
Type. 
A. rubricollis. 

Threnoedus, Gloger, JTand-u. Hilfsb. Nat. p. 319 (1842) A. rubricollis. 
This is again a monotype, but more widely extended, ranging 
over the Guianas, Amazonia, Colombia, and up to Costa Eica. I t is 
a smaller form than Hcematoderus, and has the nostrils exposed. 

1. Guerilla omenta. 
Gobe-Mouche noir a gorge pourpre de Cayenne, Daub. PL Bnl. 381. 
Muscicapa cruenta, JBodd. Table d. PL Bnl. p. 23. 
Querula cruenta, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota); id. Cat. A.. B. 


p. 257: Luxor, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 296 (Panama), et ix. p . 117 
(Costa Eica); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), 1806, 
p. 191 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 285 (E. 
Peru), et 1879, p.*520 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Frcoitz. 
J. f. 0. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 134; Tacz. 
Orn. Per. ii.p. 389 j Salv. IbisK 1885, p. 305 (Br. Guiana). 
Muscicapa rubricollis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 933. 
Muscicapa porphyrobroncha, SJiaw, Nat. Misc. ii. pi. 63. 
Querula rubricollis, "Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 768; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 181, 

pi. 115; Less. Tr. d. Orn. i. p. 363; Bp. Consp. i. p. 179; Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265 (Upper Amazons). 
Coracina rubricollis, Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 20. 
Threnoedus rubricollis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 691. 
Threnoedus cruentus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. TTein. ii. p. 107. 
Above and beneath dull black, broad neck-collar formed of 
elongated feathers dark crimson-red; bill dark plumbeous ; feet 
black: whole length 10 inches, wing 7, tail 4*5. Female similar, 
but -uniform black, without the crimson neck-collar. 

Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America 
to Costa Eica. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Demerara. 
Purchased. 
b, c. $ 
2 ad. sk, Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

d. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
*e. S ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
/, g* 6 $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Eastern Peru J.Gould, Esq. 
(TTaiLVwelt). 

h. S ad. sk. Eiver Ucayali (HauxwelL). J. Gould, Esq. 
i. 2 ad. sk. Eastern Peru (TTauxwell). Sclater Coll. 
h &' 6 ? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. (S ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Tiling- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
toorth). 
m. 
<$ ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin, Antio- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
quia (Salmon), 
n. <$ ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. <3 ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
p,q. 6 2 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
s. 
<S ad. sk. Montana del Vermejo, Vera- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gua (Arc£). 
t. 
<$ ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Eica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
25. PYKODEETTS. 
397 

25. PYEODEEUS*. 
Typo 

Ooracina, Temm. PL Col. livr. 7 (1823) p scutatus 
Pyroderus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 38 (1840) .!!!.!!!!! ! ! 1\ scutatus! 

The three forms of this genus, which are found in S.E. Brazil, 
Colombia, and Venezuela, arc not very distinct. The hill is longer 
and stronger than in Ecematoderus, but not so Crow-like as in the 
two next genera. The feet are also large and robust. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Belly black, with slight chestnut spots. 
J Larger 1. scutatus, p. 397. 
) Smaller 2. granadensis, p. 398. 
JB. Belly mostly chestnut 
3. orenoceiisis, p. 398. 

1. Pyroderus scutatus. 
Coracias scutata, Shaw, Mus. Lev. p. 199; id. Gen. Zool. vii. p. 401. 
Urraca degollada, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 260. 
Ooracina rubricollis, Vieill. JVouv. Diet. viii. p. 7; id. JEnc. Moth. 

p. 771. 
Ampelis sanguinicollis, Licht. JDoubl. p. 56. 
Ooracina scutata, Temm. PI. Col. 40; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 406; 
Lafr. Pev. Zool. 1846, p. 27b; Burm. Syst Ueb. ii. p. 417. 
Pyrocleras scutatus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 38 (1840); Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 178; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 109 ; ScL Cat. A. B. p. 259; 
Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 135 • Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306 (Brazil) ; ScL 
et Sab. NomencL p. 60; BerL J. f. 0.1873, p. 207 (S. Brazil); Cab. 
J.f. 0.1874, p. 90 (Cantagallo) ; BerL et Jher. Zeitschr. yes. Orn, 
1885, p. 141 (Rio Gr. doSul). 
Above and beneath dull black, with slight metallic reflections upon 
the margins of some of the feathers; throat and fore-neck, not 
including the chin, crimson; a few shaft-spots on the middle of the 
belly, and under wing-coverts dull chestnut; bill plumbeous; feet 
black: whole length 18 inches, wing 9-5, tail 6-5. Female similar , 
but rather smaller, and neck-band not so bright. 

Hob. South-east Brazil and Paraguay. 
I have never seen specimens of this form from Guiana. Threnoedus 
rubricollis of Cabanis, quoted by Mr. Salvin (Ibis, 1885, 

p. 306) as possibly referable to this bird, belongs to Querula omenta. 
a,b. Ad.st. Brazil. Purchased. 
c. $ ad. st.
d. <$ ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk. 
Brazil. . 
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad.; g. $ Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 

Refer also to 
Pyroderus masoni, Eidgw. Auk, iii. p. 333 (1886); from the interior of 
Venezuela. 

398 COTINGID.ZB. 

2. Pyroderus granadensis. 
Coracina granadensis, Zafr. Bev. ZooL 1846, p. 277. 
Pyroderus granadensis, Bp. Consp. p. 178; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 
(Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 259; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. 

p. 109; Wyatt, Ms, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); Scl et Sato. 
Nomencl p. 60; Tacz. Orn. B6r, ii. p. 392. 
Pyroderus scutatus granadensis, Berl J. f. O. 1884, p. 306 (Bucaramanga). 
Similar to P. ,scutatus, but smaller: : whole length 14 inches. 
wing 8-5, tail 5. 
Hal. Colombia, 


a. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
b. Ad.sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq. 
e. tS ad. sk Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Pyroderus orenocensis. 
Coracina orenocensis, Zafr. Rev. ZooL 1846, p. 277. 
Pyroderus orenocensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178; Cab. et Hein. Mies. Hein. 


ii. p. 109 ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 259; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252 
(Venezuela), et 1879, p. 520 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl p. 60. 
Above dull black : beneath, throat and neck dark crimson; belly 

and under wing-coverts more or less covered by large terminal 

spots of brownish chestnut; lower belly and crissum dull black; 

bill dark plumbeous; feet black .-whole length 14*5 inches, wing 

9, tail 6. Female similar, but rather smaller, and throat not quite 

so bright. 

Hob. Venezuela and Colombia. 

In Venezuelan specimens of this bird, the chestnut on the belly is 

more extended than in those collected in Antioquia by Salmon, 

which are intermediate between this form and P . granadensis. 

a. Ad, • St. South America. E.Wilson, Esq.[P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Goering). 
c.Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 


d, e. Q ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/.Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
^.Ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq. 


26. CEPHALOPTEHUS. 
Type. 

Cephalopterus, Geoffr. Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 235 (1809) C. ornatus. 

The extraordinary pendulous throat-wattle and the remarkable 
form of the crest distinguish this very singular genus, which is 
peculiar to certain districts of Amazonia, Ecuador, and Central 
America. Eor an account of the habits of this bird see Mr. Wallace's 
article (P. Z. S.1850, p. 206). 

26. CEPHALOPTERTJS. 
Key to the Species. 

A. 
Throat not denuded: throat-wattle feathered. 
( Throat-wattle short, flattened 1. omatus, p. ,309 
j Throat-wattle long, cylindrical 2. penduliaer, p. 310. 
B. 
Ihroat denuded: wattle naked, with a feathered 
tuft at the end 3. glabricollis, p. 310. 
1. Cephalopterus ornatas. 
Cephalopterus omatus, Geoffr. Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 238, pi. 17; cPOrb. 
Voy.y Ois. p. 296; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 141; Cab. in Se/iomb. 
Guian. in. p. 691; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178 ; Wallace, P. Z. S. 18,50, 

p. 206 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 18 (Bogota) et 265 (U. Amazons), 
1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 259; Cab. et Hein. Mtts. 
Hein. ii. p. 110; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (UcayaJi), 1867, 
p. 581 (L. Amazons) et p. 751 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 286 (E. Peru), 
1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 60; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
p. 135; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 331 (Spanish Guiana); Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 541 (C. Peru), et 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii, 
p. 391; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 94,121 (Ecuador): Salv. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 306 (Brit. Guiana). 
Coracina cephaloptera, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 5; id. Fnc. Meth, 

p. 772; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 179; pi 114; Temm. PL Col. 255. 
Coracina ornata, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 63, pi. 59; Burm. Syst. TJeb. 
ii. p. 420. 
Above and beneath black, with greenish metallic reflections upon 

the 
crest, back, and throat-wattle; stems of the frontal plumes 

white; throat-wattle 3 to 6 inches in length, densely feathered and 

expanded: bill dark plumbeous; feet black : whole length 18 inches, 

wing 11, tail 7. Female similar in form but smaller, and mostly of 

a brownish black; throat-wattle very small. 

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia, extending southwards to Matto-

Grosso and Bolivia, and westwards to Ecuador. 

In specimens of this bird from Eastern Ecuador the throat-wattle 
is much elongated, but does not attain to the dimensions of <?. 
penduliger of Western Ecuador. In Bolivian specimens tho throat-
wattle is short, as in the typical Amazonian bird. 

<z, b. <$ $ ad. sk. 
S. America. Purchased. 

c. $ ad. sk. Brazil (?). 
Purchased. 
d. $ 
&<*• sk- Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f,9* S $ ad. sk. San Jos6, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
X S ad. sk. Bio Javari. J. Gould. 
i. $ ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
j. <$ ad.sk. 
Matto-Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. 
$ ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
terer). 
l,m. 
S $ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley), 


n. 2 ad. sk. Huacahamache, Bolivia J. Gould, Esq, 
(D. Forbes, Aug. 1862). 
o. 6 9. ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq. 
p. Skeleton. U. S. of Colombia. Purchased. 
400 
COTINGIDJL 

2. Cephalopterus penduliger. 
Cephaloptorus penduliger, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p, 114, pi. 3 : id. 
P. Z. S. 1850, p. 142, et 1800, pp. 67, 02 (Ecuador); id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 259; Sel et Salv. Nomencl. p. GO j Tacz. et Bed. P. Z S 
1883, p. 500,1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 121 (Ecuador). 
Above and beneath uniform black, with metallic reflections upon 
the back, crest, and throat-wattle ; stems of frontal feathers black; 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of basal portion of wing 
white; bill dark plumbeous; feet black: whole length 16 inches, 
wing 10, tail 5. Female similar but smaller, and throat-wattle 
not so long. 
Ilab. Western Ecuador. 

The Umbrella-bird of Western Ecuador is distinguished by the 
enormous length of the pendulous feathered throat-wattle, which in 
Buckley's male specimen from Pallatanga measures 13 inches. 
Besides this the under wing-coverts are pure white, being either 
black or slightly fredded with white in O. ornatus. 

a. $ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Eraser [O.]. 
b, c. S J ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). SclaterColl. (Types 
of the species.) 
d} e. S ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
3. Cephalopterus glaMcollis. 
Cephalopterus 
glabricollis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 92, pi. xx.; 
Cab. J. f. 0.1801, p. 254 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 150, 
et 1870, p. 201 (Veragua) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 117 
(Costa Rica); Fronts. J.f.O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 60; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Costa Rica). 

Above and beneath black, with slight metallic reflections on the 
back and crest; whole front of the neck and breast bare of feathers; 
throat-wattle naked, with a tufted end; under wing-coverts black; 
bill dark plumbeous; feet black: whole length 16 inches, wing 10, 
tail 4*8. Female. Head-crest much smaller, and neck only slightly 
denuded, throat-wattle small. 
Hah. Costa Rica and Veragua. 

There is considerable variation in the extent of the denudation of 
the throat in this extraordinary bird, which was originally discovered 
by Warcewicz in the Cordillera of Chiriqui at an elevation of 
8000 feet. Mr. Warcewicz describes the bare part of the neck as 
reddish orange, and the bare base of the throat-wattle as bright 

red in life. 
a-d. S ad.; e. $
ad. sk. 
Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arc£). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 2 ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Car* Sal vin-Godman Coll. 
mioT). 
g, $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arci\ Sclater Coll. 

27. rararocEPHALirs. 401 
h,i £ ad.;/. £ CostaEica. G Salvin, Esq. [P.], 
*• ? a /" ? k/. d ad. sfc.
m. $ ad. sk.
«. d ad. sk. 
S ost a Eica ' 
Cordillera de Tole*, Veragua(Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). 
Galovevora, Veragua (Arce), 
Purchased. 
Salyhi-Godman CoU. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Could, Esq. 
27. GYIOTOCEPHALTTS. T 

Gyninocephalus, Geoffroij St.-Eilaire, Ann. du Mus. adii. ^ 

p. 237 (1600J Q, calvaSt 
In general structure this form is not very remote from CepTialopierm, 
but is Immediately distinguishable by its denuded head, which 
occurs to a greater or less extent in both sexes. So far as we yet 
know, Gymmcejphalm is restricted to the Guianas. 

1. Gymnocephalus calvus. 
Choucas chauve de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 521. 
COITUS calyus, Gm. 8. 2V. i. p. 372; Lath. Ind. Cm. i. p. 153. 
Gymnocephalus capucmus, Geqffr. Ann. Mus. xiii. p. 237; Less. 

Tr. cFOm. L p. 350, pi. 41. %. 1. 
Coracina gymnocephala, Tieill. Enc. Meth. p. 770. 
Ampelis calva, LkM. Daubl. p. 56. 
Coracina calva, Temm. Talk Meth. p. 20. 
Gymnocephalus ealvns, Ilahn, Vog. aus Asien, Lief. ii. pi. 4; Cab. in 

Sehomh. Guian. iii. p. GOO ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178; Burm. Syst. Ueb, 
Ii. p. 423; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 109; Scl. Cat. A. B. 

p. 258; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 135 j 8cl et Sah. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 581 
(L. Amazons); tid. Nomencl. p %59; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 306 
(Br. Guiana). 
Bald Crow, Lath. G. E. iii. p. 14. 
Above clear yellowish brown, lighter at the back of the head; 
front and whole summit of the head denuded, leaving only slight 
black bristles ; wings and tail black: beneath similar, but abdomen 
passing into chesnut ruf ous ; under wing-coverts white; chin slightly 
denuded; bill and feet black: whole length 14 inches, wing 
8-5, tail 4. Female similar but smaller, and head not so much 
denuded. 
Hah. Cayenne, Surinam, and Guiana. 

a, 5. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. French Guiana (Bothery). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Cayenne. J. Gould, Esq. 
a Ad, sk. Maroni r., Surinam (Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/* i <$ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
' ' (Whitely). 
4 Ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WHiely). 

k. 2 *& sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( WMtely). Salvin-Godman CoU. 
I Ad. sk Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll. 
2D 

VOL. xrv. 

COTrN-G-rDJE. 

402 

28. GYJDTODEBTJS. 
Type. 

Gymnoderus, Geoffr. St.-IElaire, Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 237 

(1809) G. foetidus. 
Coracina, Vieill Analyse, p. 37 (1816) G. foetidus. 
Coronis, Gloger, Fror. Not. vol. xvi. p. 277 (1827) G. foetidus. 

This is another monotypic form, distinguished by the denudation 
of the throat and neck, and the short compressed plumes which 
cover the head and give it a Yulturine appearance. It extends from 
Guiana across Amazonia to Ecuador. Gymnoderus is of a much 
feebler build than the preceding genera, and thus intermediate 
between them and the typical Cotingidce. 

1. Gymnoderus foetidus. 
Gracula foetida, Linn. S. N. i. p. 164. 
Le Oolnud de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 609. 
Corvus nudicollis, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 37 (1783). 
Corvus nudus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 371. 
Gracula nuda, Lath. Pad. Orn. i. p. 190. 
Gymnoderus cayennensis, Geoffr. Ann. Mus. xiii. p. 237. 
Ooracina gymnodera, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 769 ; id. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 178. 
Ampelis nudicollis, Lickt. Doubl. p. 56. 
Ooracina foetida, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178. 
Gymnoderus foetidus, Gray, List Gen. B. n. 52 (1841); Cab. inSchumb. 


Guian. iii. p. 691; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 425; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon); id. Cat. A. B. p. 258; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 135; Cab. et Bein. Mus. Main. ii. p. 108; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 581 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 286 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. 
p. 59; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 390; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 306 (Br. 
Guiana). 
Bare-necked Grakle, Lath. G. IL. iii. p. 160. 
Above and beneath dull black: head covered with short compressed 
velvety-black plumes, sides of head and neck all round 
denuded, leaving only scattered plumes on the chin and middle of 
the throat; large patch on the wings occupying the lesser wing-
coverts, outer secondaries, and outer margins of most of the other 
wing-feathers pure greyish white; under wing-coverts black: lower 
siu-face of wings grey: bill plumbeous : feet black: whole length 
14 inches, wing 8*3, tail 5*5. Female similar but smaller; throat 
less denuded, and without the silvery-grey patch on the wings. 

Hab. Cayenne, Surinam, Amazonia, and Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. st.
b. $ ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
South America. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
c. S ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . S ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Surinam (Bartlett). 
Barra do Eio Negro (Wallace). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
g. $ ad. sk. Caicara, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Natter er). 
h, i. 6 ? ad. sk.
j . S jr. sk.
h. $ ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
S. America. 
S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
I (S ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq. 

29 . CHASMOBHYNC-EroS. 
403 

29. 
CHASMOEHYHCHUS. 
Typo. 
Ca&morhynchos, Temm. Man. SOm. Analyse, p. lxiii 
(1820) \ 0. variegatus. 
Arapimga, Less. Trail. d'Orn. p. 365 (1831) (I nudicollis. 
Eulopogon, Gloger,IIand-u. Ililfsb. Nat. p. 321 (1842). 0. variegatus. 
GhasmorJiynclius is certainly one of the most extraordinary forms 
of the Cotingklie. Though the females of the four species are much 
alike, the males present very striking differential characters, both 
in colour and in the disposition of the naked caruncles which 
ornament the head and throat. They are further remarkable for 
their loud bell-like voice. 

The four species of this genus are distributed over the Neotropical 
Region from Costa liica, through Venezuela and Guiana, to S.E. 
Brazil, but, strangely enough, the form does not appear to occur in 
Amazonia *. 

Key to the Sjoecies. 

A. 
White above and beneath. 
I Throat feathered; head with a feathered 
< caruncle 1. niveus, p. 403. 
/ Throat naked; head without a caruncle .. 2. nudicollis, p. 404. 
B. White: head brown; wings black 3. variegatus, p. 405. 
C. Chestnut: head and throat whitej head with 
three naked caruncles 4. trkaruncidaius, 
[p. 405. 
1. Chasmorhynchus niveus. 
Cotinga blanc de Cayenne,"Daub.PI. JSnl. 793, 794. 

Ampelis nivea, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl p. 49 (1783). 

Ampelis carunculata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 841; Lath. G. II. v. p. 180. 

Chasmorhynchus carunculatus, Temm. Tail. Meth. p. 21 ; Cab. in 

Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 692; Bp. Coiisp. I p. 178. 

Procnias nivea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280 ,• Leotaud, Ois. Trhi. p. 261. 

Chasmorhynchus niveus, Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Eein. ii. p. 108 ; Sol. 

Cat A. B. p. 258; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 88 (Trinidad); Sal v. Ibis, 
1885, p. 300 (Brit. Guiana); Pelz, Orn. Bras.^. 134; Scl. et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Finsch, 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 574 (Trinidad). 
Chasmorhynchus albus, 8cL Ibis, I860, p. 407 (err.). 
Carunculated Chatterer, Lath. G. II. v. p. 180, pi. lxxxiv. 
Snow-white; head with a long thinly-feathered caruncle arising 
from the front; bill and feet black: whole length 10*5 inches, 
wing 6-5, tail 4. Female. Above green: beneath yellowish, variegated 
with green; crissum yellowish. 

Hab. Cayenne, Surinam, and Guiana. 

a. <J ad. sk. Cayenne. 
H. O. Rothery, Esq. 
b. S 
ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased. 
* On the distribution of Chasmorhynolms, cf. Sclater, "The Bell-birds of 
America," Intellectual Observer, x. p. 401 (1867). 
2n 2 

COTHTGIDJE. 

c. $ ad. sk 
d. <$ ad.sk 
e. <$ jr. sk 
/ . ? ad. sk 
g. $ ad. sk. 
h, i-$ $ ad. sk 
/. tf ad. sk. 
k. $ ad, sk 
I ? ad. sk. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Surinam (Bartlett). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Cariinang r., Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
K. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana 
(Wiitely). 
Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana 
( Whitely). 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitely). 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Goll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Goll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk 
(Whitely). 
Denierara. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk. 
o. 2 ad. sk. 
Venezuela (Warmington). 
S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 
Baron Laugier's Coll. 

2. Chasmorhyiiclnis nudicollis. 
Ampelis nudicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 164; id. Enc. Meth. 
p. 762. 
Ohasmorhynekus nudicollis, Temm. ffl. Col 368, 383; Max. Beitr. 
iii. p. 377; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 426; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. 
Nii. p. 108; SGL Cat A. B. p. 258 ; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 407; Felz. 
Orn. JJras.p. 134; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306 (Brazil); Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl p. 59; Berl J.f. 0. 1873,p_.266 (S. Brazil); Berl 
et Mer. Zeitsehr. yes. Dm. 1885, p. 141 (Rio Grande do Sul). 

Procnias nudicollis, Max. Bets. n. Bras. i. p. 52, et ii. p. 158. 
Cotinga alba, Thunb. Mem. Soc. Mosc. vi. p. 177 (1823). 
Chasniorhynchus ecarunculatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 3, pi. 4. 
Procnias alba, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280. 
Chasniorhynchus albus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178. 


White above and beneath; sides of head and throat naked, with 
small scattered bristles; bill black; feet brown: whole length 11 
inches, wing 6'2: tail 3-5. Female above green, cap darker: beneath 
yellowish, striped with green; throat greyish, with black 
striations; crissum yellowish. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a. $ ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 

b. tf ad. sk. S. America. Hardwicke Bequest. 
c. 2 ad. sk. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.X 
d. e. tf ad.; f-h. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 ad. sk. 
i. <$ jr. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 2 ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 2 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner).
I <$ ad. sk. Brazil. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m>} n» d 2 ad. sk. Brazil. 

Sclater Coll. 

°> P> 6 2 ad. sk. 

Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 

q, r. 2 ad. sk. S. America. 

Purchased. 

s. Skeleton. 
Purchased. 

29 . CHASMOBHYNCOTS. 
405 

3. Chasmorhynclras variegatus. 
Ampelis variegata, Qm. 8. JV. i. p. 841; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 367 
Procnias variegata, Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 259, 
Ckasmorhynchus variegatus, Temm. PI. Col. 51 ; i>>. COTMW. I. p. 178 • 
jftwm Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 428; Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 107' 
Scl Cat. A. JJ.p. 257; *tf. 2^ , 1806, pp. 400, 407; Solo. Ibis] 
1885, p. 300 (Brit. Guiana); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1808, pp. 172, 
628 (Venezuela); iicl. Nomencl. p. 59; FimrJi, P. Z. 8 1870 

p. 574 (Trinidad). F ' 
Variegated Chatterer, Lath. G. H. v. p. 185, pi. lxxxv. 
Pure white; head coffee-brown; wings black ; throat denuded 
and covered with small caruncles; bill and feet black: whole 
length 10 inches, wing §% tail 2*4. Female. Above green; head 
greyish : beneath pale yellowish, with green striations on the breast 
and belly ; throat greyish, with finer striations. 

Hal. Guiana, Venezuela, and Trinidad. 
a, b. $ $ ad. sk. S. America. Purchased, 
c, d. S ? a<l* J Rorairaa, Brit. Guiana (White- Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

«>/• dF-sk. ly).
g,h. c$ 2 ad.sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe- Salvin-Godman Coll, 

ring), 
i. <5 ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
j , k. (S jr. sk.
1. $ ad. sk. 
Venezuela. 
Brazil (?) 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. ChasmorkyncliTis tricarxuiculatus. 
Chasmorhynchus tricarimculatus, J. et F. Verreauv, Rev. Zool. 1853, 
p. 193 j Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 253 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. Cat 
A. P. p. 258 j Salv. Ibis, 1865, p. 92, pi. iii. (Costa Rica); id. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 150, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua) ; Sol. Ibis, 1860, 
pp. 406, 407; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica); 
Frantz. Lf. 0. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) j Sol. et Sato. Nomencl. 
p. 59; Bernard, P. Z. S.1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica); Mdgw. P. U.S. 
N. M. v. p. 496 (Costa Rica). 
Clear chestnut-brown ; head above and neck below, down to the 
breast, pure white; three long naked caruncles, one from the 
middle of the front, and the two lateral from under the eyes; bill 
and feet black: whole length 10-5 inches, wing 6-5, tail 4-5. 
Female. Above green: beneath yellowish fiammulated with green, 

Hal. Costa Rica and Veragua. 

lia ed

a. e ad. sk. Costa Rica. ^ c. « -n „ 
6. c? ad.; c-d. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Aree). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
e. ^ ad!; / . 6 Costa Rica {Aree). Sclater Coll. 
0. 3$ ir." sk. Costa Rica. ET?1*??*; 
I £ <J ? ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua Usoi). Salvm-Godman Co . 
;\ tfad.sk. Cordillera de TolS, Veragua Salvm-Godrnan Coll. 
(Arcf). . » „ 
k rf ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua Salvm-Godman Coll. 

(ArcS) 

1, Jr. sk. Veragua '(ArcS). SotebeafOoU. 
m A ir sk. Veragua. O. Sabm, Esq. [P.J. 
™" fad.sk. Veragua {Arci). J. Gould, Esq. 

PHXTOTOMIDJE. 

Family V. PHYTOTOMIM1. 

The family Phytoiomidce contains only one genus Phytotoma^ 

with four species, and is restricted to the Neotropical Jtegion. 

The Phytotomm have a general external resemblance to the 
Finches with which they were associated by the older authors. 
Eyton, who dissected some of the birds procured during the voyage 
of the''Beagle/ first showed (ZooL Toy. 'Beagle/ iii. p. 153) that 
Phytotoma has only one pair of sterno-traeheal muscles, but was 
not aware of the importance of this discovery. This character, 
however, as well as the structure of the tarsal covering, which is 
pycnaspidean. shows that the true position of the Phytotomas is 
among the Oligomyodians, probably near the Cotlyjida*. 

1. PHYTOTOMA. _ 
Type. 
Phytototna, Molina, Saggio s. St. Kat Chili, p. S4o (1782) .. P. rara, 
Pliytotoma is restricted to the western and southern portions of 

South America, extending from "Western Peru through Bolivia, 
Chili, and Argentina to Northern Patagonia. The Phytuimmp 
build open nests and lay spotted eggs (</. 8cl. et Huds. Arg. 
Orn. i. p. 164). 

Key to the Species* 

A, Tail with a broad red cross band 1. rara, p. 400. 

B. Tail uniform blackish, with white end. 
a. Whole crown of head rufous. 
i Larger: brown below % angudirostris, p. 407. 
/ Smaller: redder below .3. riitila, p. 407. 
5. Narrow front only rufous 4. rahnondii, p. 408. 
1. Pliytotoma rata. 
Phytotoma rara, Molina, Saggio s. St. Nat del Chili, p. 345: Gm. 
S. N. i. p. 928; tVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 203 ; Tsah. Farm. Per., Ave*, 
p. 139; Bp, Consp. i. p. 80; Cab. et Hein. Mtts. Bern, ii p. 311; 
Gay, Hist Chili, ZooL I j>. 863; SeL Cat. A. B. p. 200; SeL et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 60; Philippi, Cat. Av. Chi p. 20: Taak Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 394. 
Phytotoma bloxami, Griff. Anim. Kingd. ii. p. 319: Jard. et Selb. 

Ill Om.i.pl.4($). 
Phytotoma silzm, Kittl Mim. Acad. St. Piiersb. i p. 175, t. 1 (18311 
Phytotoma niolina, Less. ElnsL 1834, p. 316. 

Above brown, striated with black; crown rufous ; wings black, 
with white edgings to the coverts; tail black, all the lateral reefcrices 
wxth a broad dark-red cross band on the inner webs; beneath red; 

1 . 
PHYTOTOMA. 
407 

flanks with. slight black striations; sides of head black; bill and 
feet blackish: whole length 7 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3. Female. 
Above ^ like the male, but without the red crown: beneath pale 
yellowish brown, with numerous black striations. 

Hah. Chili. 

f <5a<*- sk OhiH. Sclater CoU. 
o, c. <J $ ad. sk. Chili (James). Sclater Coll. 

d. (S ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili (Heed), Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili. Purchased. 
f. 
$ ad. sk. OhiH. Salvm-Godman Coll. 
g. 
$ ad. sk. Chili. T. Bridges [C], 
k. S ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. Lord Byron [P.1 
hj. 6 ? ad. sk. OhiH. Jardine Coll. 
k. 
<$ ad. si CMH. OharlesOrawley,Esq. 
I rf jr. st. Chili. Sir W. Burnett and 
Capt. Fitzroy [P.J. 

2. Phytotoma angustirostris. 
Phytotoma angustirostris, d'Orh. etLafr. Byn. Av. I p. 37; tfOrb. 
Voy., Ois. p. 298, pi. 29. fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 8Q ; Cab. et. Hein. 
Mm. Hein. ii. p. Ill; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 260; Sol. et Sah. 
~ Nomencl. p. 60; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 619 (Bolivia). 

Above slaty grey, with slight blackish striations; crown red; 
wings and tail brownish black, broad margins of the wing-coverts and 
secondaries, and tips of all the lateral tail-feathers white : beneath 
reddish brown; flanks cinereous ; bill and feet dark brown: whole 
length 7*3 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3-5. Female. Above greyish white, 
densely striated with black : beneath white, with black shaft-spots, 
which grow obsolete on the lower belly; under wing-coverts and 
crissum white. 

Hah. Bolivia, temperate regions of eastern slope of the Andes. 

I am not very sure that this species is really different from P. rutila. 
It is rather larger, not so bright below, and rather greyer above. 
But northern specimens of P. rutila are somewhat intermediate. 

a9 b. <5 jr. sk.
o. $ ad. sk. 
Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). 
La Paz, Bolivia. * 
Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 
d, e. S ? ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
f, g. $ ad.
h. J ad. sk. 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.J. 
T. Bridges [C.J. 

3. Phytotoma rutila. 
Habia dentudo, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 366. 
Phytotoma rutila, Vieill Nouv. Diet, xxvi. p. 64; id. Enc. Metk 


p. 903; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 293, pi. 29. fig. 1; Lap. Mag. de Zool. 
1832, Ois. pi. 5"; Bp. Consp. i. p. 86; Hartlaub, Ind. Az. p. 6; 
. 
Cab. et Hem. Mas. Hein. ii. p. Ill; Scl Cat A. B. p. 260; 
id. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 549; ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. 60; Hudson, 

P.Z.S. 1872, p. 537 (Rio Negro); White, P.Z.S. 1882, p. 609 
(Catamarca); Burnt. La Plata-Beise, ii. p. 451; Barrows, Bull 
Nutt. Orn. Club. viii. p. 203 (Lower Uruguay); ScL et Hnds. 
Arg, Orn. i. p. 164, pi. vizi. 
PHYTOI03MDJB. 

408 

Above cinereous, with obsolete "blackish shaft-spots; crown red; 
wings and tail black; a broad band across the ends of the lesser wing-
coverts, slight outer margins of the greater coyerts and secondaries, 
and tips of all the rectrices white: beneath bright red, flanks grey; 
bill brown; feet black ; whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3. 
Female. Above greyish white, densely covered with black striations : 
beneath white, with less numerous black striations; wings and tail 
as in male. 

Bab. Argentine Republic down to Eio Negro, Patagonia. 

a, (S ad. sk. Mendoza. Purchased. 
b, c. c? ad.; d. Cosquin, Cordova (White). Sabin-Godman ColL 


§ ad. sk. 
e,f. (S 2 ad. sk. Mendoza (Weissliaupt). Selater Coll. 
g,h-6 ? ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Eepublic {Ley- Salvin-Godman ColL 

bold). 
hj- 6 2 a<*» sk. Parana (JBurmeister). Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
Jc. <$ jr. sk. Parana (Burmeister). Selater Coll. 
\ m. d 2 a(*«s^- "Vie. of Buenos Ayres (Basle- Salvin-Godman ColL 


hust). 
n,o. c? $ ad.sk. Eio Negro of Patagonia (Hud- Selater Coll. 
son). 
p, q. c? jr.* r. Eio Negro of Patagonia. Purchased. 
$ ad. sk. 

4, Phytotoma raimondii 

Phytotoina raimondii, Tacz. F. Z. JS. 1883, p. 71, pi. xvii.: id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 305. 
Phytotoma rara, Tsck Faun. Fer., Aves, p. 139 (?). 

Above greyish cinereous, with the feathers darker in the centre; 
narrow front of head rufous .* beneath, throat pale ochraeeous varied 
with rufous; fore-neck and ilanks cinereous; broad blotch on belly, 
and crissum bright cinnamon-red; wings blackish, with two white 
cross bands; tail blackish, lateral rectrices tipped with white; 
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3*2. Female, Centres of 
feathers of head and back darker, and their margins lighter than 
in the male; rump striated with black; throat whitish fulvous; 
rest of under surface pale fulvous, with blackish-brown striations on 
the sides of the throat, fore-neck, belly, and flanks; wings and tail 
as in the male 

Bab. "Western littoral of N. Peru (Tumbez), 
The narrow red front, instead of the whole crown being red, and 
the less amount of red on the lower surface at once distinguish this 
well-marked species. 

PHII.EPITXIB-2E. 409 

Family VI. PHILEPITTIDiE. 

Sundevall* first showed that the peculiar Madagascarian type* 
PJiilepitta, as possessing ten fully formed primaries and a nonbilaminate 
tarsus, could not be satisfactorily placed among the 
Oscines, to various branches of which it had been referred by previous 
writers. But it is to the researches of Forbes that wo are indebted 
for our remaining information on this curious form. In one of 
his excellent articles upon tho anatomy of the Passores f, Forbes 
took up the question of Philepitta, and described its palate, pterylosis, 
and syrinx. The palate and pterylosis are truly Passerine, 
though possessing slight special peculiarities. The syrinx, which 
was previously unexamined, he showed to be perfectly Mesomyodian, 
as indeed had been predicted by Grarrod would probably turn out to 

a. Syrinx ot Philepitta, from before, f. b. From behind, f, 
c. From right side, f. 
v (P.Z.S. 1880, p. 389.) 

be the case. It follows that the Philejpittidce must be arranged as 
one of the Old-World families of Oligomyodse, and that the best place 
for it is next to the Pittidce, from which it differs in its taxaspidean 
tarsus and other particulars. 

The two known species of Philepittidce are confined to Madagascar. 

1. PHILEPITTA. 
Type. 
Philepitta, Geoffr. SL-Hilaire, Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois. pi. 3. P. jala. 
Brissonia, Hartl. Orn. Beitr. Fauna Madag. p. 42 (1861) . P. jala. 
Buddinghia, Pollen, Faune de Madagasc. ii. p. 88 (1868) . . P. schlegeli. 
Paictes, Sund. Av. Meth. Tent p. 63 (1872) P. jala. 

* Tentamen, p. 63. t P. Z. S. 1880, p. 387. 
PHILEPITTIDiE. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Back and abdomen black 1. jala, p. 410. 
B, Back olive ; abdomen yellow 2. schlegeli, p. 411. 
1. Philepitta jala. 
Merula madagascariensis aurea, Briss. Omit ft. ii. p. 247, pi. xxiv. 
fig. 2. 
Turdus sive Merula madagascariensis aurea, Manetti, Lorenzi et 

Vctnni, Stor. Nat. d. TJecelli, ii. p. 50. 
Le Saui-jala, Buffon, Hist. Nat. de Ois. iii. p. 398 (1775). 
Tardus castaneus, Midi. Naturs., Suppl. p. 143. 
Le Merle dore de Madagascar, Daub. PI. Enl. 539. fig. 2. 
Turdus jala, Bodd. Tab. PL Enl p. 31. 
Black-cheeked Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 75; id. Gen. Hist. 

v. p. 93; Steph. Shaw's Zool x. p. 231. 
Turdus nigerrimus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 821; Bechst. Latham's Ally. 
TJebers. d. Voy. ii. p. 68; Kiihl, Buff, et Daub. Fig. Av. p. 9. 
Turdus saui-jala, Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 356; Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xx. 

p. 287 ; id. Em. Meth. ii. p. 072 ; Dumont, Diet. d. Sci. Nat. xxx. 
p. 159 ; Temm. Tab. MSth. p. 14. 
Turdus lunulatus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. xiv. pi. 58o. 
Fhilepitta sericea, Geoff. St.-Hil. Compt. Rend. vi. p. 442; id. 
Ami. Sci. Nat. 1838,^ p. 188; id. Rev. Zool. 1838,^ p. 50; id. 
Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois. pi. iii.; Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 214, et 
Append, p. 9; Des Murs, Ico?iof/r. Orn. pi. xxxii.; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 422; Gray, Cat. of Gen. Bds. p. 43 (1855) ; Mutt. J. f O. 
1855, p. 388; Rartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 90; id. Omithol Beitr. z. 
Faun. Madagasc. p. 42 ; Pollen, Nederl. Tijdsch. v. d. Dierk. 1863, 
p. 305; Verreaux, Vinson's Voy. a Madagasc. p. 2. 
Philepitta geofiroyi, Des Murs etPrev. Bev. Zool. 1846, p. 241; Gray, 
Gen. Birds, i. p. 214, et Append, p. 9; Bp. Consp. i. p. 422; Mull. 

J.f O. 1855, p. 388; Hartl. J.f O. 1860, p. 96; id. Omithol. 
Beitr. z. Faun. Madagasc. p. 42; Pollen, Nederl. Tijdschr. v. 
d. Dierk. 1863, p. 305; Verreaux, Vinson* s Voy. a Madagasc. 
p. 2. 
Pkyllornis jala, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 124. 
Philepitta isidori, Des Murs, Iconogr. Orn. pi. xxxiii. 
Brissonia nigerrima, Hartl. J.f O. 1860, p. 96; id. Omithol. Beitr. 
z. Faun. Madagasc. p. 42; Pollen, Nederl Tijdschr. v. d. Dierk. 
p. 306; Verreaux, Vinson's Voy. a Madagasc. ^. 2. 
Philepjtta jala, Schleg. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422; Grandid. Bev. et Mag. 
de Zool ,1867, p. 356; Schleg. et Pollen, Faun. d. Madagasc. ii. 

p. 87, pi. xxxi.; Hartl. Die Vog. Madagasc. p. 160. 
Philepitta castanea, Gray, Hand-l. Birds, i. p. 297; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 396,1872, p. 867; id. Cat. of African Bds. p. 54; Bartlett 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 771; Milne-Edw. et tirandid. N. H. Madagasc. 
xii. p. 296, pis. 109. ^.g. 1 (J), 110 (tf). 
Above and beneath uniform jet-black; bend of the wing bright 
yellow; fleshy caruncle above the eye green; bill and feet greyish 
black: whole length Q-5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 1*7. Female. Above 
olive-green, more yellowish on the rump: beneath olive-green, 

PITTID2E. 
411 

flammulated all over with, pale yellowish; no caruncle above the 
eye. Young male. Black, all the feathers more or less margined with 
yellow. 

Sab. Madagascar. 

a. $ ad. sk. Madagascar. 
Purchased. 
b9c. <$ $ ad.; d. Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Sliarpe Coll. 
d jr. sk. (Crossley). 

e. 
rf.ad.;/. $ Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Purchased. 
jr sk. (Crossleg). 
g. d 
ad. sk. Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Salvin-Gtodman Coll. 
(Crossleg). 
h. 
$ jr. sk. Ankafana Forest, Betsilao, Kev. W. Deans 
Madagascar. Cowan [0.]. 
2. PMLepitta scHegeli. 
Philepitta schlegeli, Schleg. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422 j Grandid. Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 356 ; Schleg. et Pollen, Faun, de Madagasc. 

ii. p. 88, pi. xxxii.; Gray Hand-l. Birds, i. p. 297; SartL Die 
Vogel Madagasc. p. 163 ; Milne-Edw. et Grandid. K JE. Madagasc. 
xii. p. 302, pis. 109.fig. 2 ($), 111 (tf). 
Above yellowish olive-green; head and nape black : beneath 
bright yellow; large fleshy caruncle round the eye bluish green; 
bill black; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 1-6. 
Female. Above olive-green, with white striations on head : beneath 
yellowish; no caruncle round the eye. 

Hob. Madagascar. 

a. c? ad.; b. cJjr.sk. N.E. Madagascar (Van Dam). Purchased. 
Family VII. PITTIM. 

Dr. Cabanis, in the first part of his c Ornithologische Notizen/ * 
published in 1847, was the first author to suggest that, judged by its 
outer conformation, Pitta (alone among the Asiatic Ant-Thrushes) 
should be excluded from the Oscinine series, but deferred the 
positive settlement of the question until the structure of the organs 
of the voice could be ascertained. This investigation Johannes 
Muller, who had expressly alluded to the importance of the point 
in his great work on the vocal organs of the Passeres, was unable 
to undertake for want of specimens. And, although several authors 
adopted Dr. Cabanis's suggestion and referred the Pittas to the 

* Wiegmaim's Arch. xiii. pt. 1, p. 21G, 
412 PITTIDiE. 

" Clamatoros " or " Volucros," the question was not finally decided 
until 1S73, when our excellent anatomist Garrod obtained specimens 
for dissection, which proved decisively that Pitta does not 
belong to the Oscines *. 

In 187G Garrod obtained further specimens of Pitta, and described 
and figured the formation of the trachea in detail f, and thus 
finally closed (he controversy, showing that Pitta is what he terms 
" Mosomyodian," although it has a typical Oscinine tarsus. 

The Pitticlm are essentially a group of the Oriental Eegion, 
numbering some 45 species. A single Pitta has intruded itself 
into the centre of the ^Ethiopian Eegion, and several species occur 
in the Australian Eegion, and extend the area of the group over New 
Guinea to ]\rcw Britain and Eastern Australia. An excellent article 
on their distribution has been written by Mr. Wallace +. 

The Pittas were monographed by Mr. Elliot in 1853, and the 
greater number of them have been figured by Gould in his ft Birds of 
Asia' and * Birds of New Guinea/ Gould also commenced a Monograph 
of this brilliant group, of which, however, only one part had 
been issued at the time of his decease §. 

The Pittas build open nests, and lay spotted eggs. Some of these 
have been figured by Muller and Schlegel (Verhandl. Zool. Pitta, 
tab. hi.); others have been described by Sharpe (P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 346), and Oates (B. Brit. Burm. vol. i. pp. 411-421). 
Key to the Genera. 

A. Frontal plumes recumbent; tail shorter. 
a. Bill longer, more compressed 1. ANTHOCINCLA, p. 412. 
b. Bill shorter, less compressed. 
a'. Tail shorter, more or less squared .. 2. PITTA, p. 413. 
b\ Tail longer, pointed 3. ETJCICHLA, p. 445. 
B. Frontal plumes short, erect j tail longer.. 4. COBACOPITTA, p. 449. 
1. AFTHOCINCLA. 
Type. 

Anthocincla, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxxi. p. 343 (1862) A. phayrii 

The single species which constitutes this type may, I think, be 
reasonably kept apart from Pitta on account of its longer and more 
compressed bill, lengthened neck-feathers, shorter tarsi, and short 
rounded wings. It seems to be peculiar to the Burmese provinces. 
The sexes are nearly, but not quite, alike. 

* See P. Z. S. 1873, p. 463. 
t See P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 512-514. 
t Ibis, 1864, p. 100. 
§ Monograph of the Pittidce, Part L, London, 1880. 
2 . PITTA. 
1. Anthocincla phayrii. 
Anthocincla phayrii, Bh/th, J. A. JS. B. xxxi. p. 843 j id. H. Burm 
p. 100; Hume, Str. F. Hi. p. 109, pi. ii., et viii. p. 04; Hume ty 
Lew. Sir. F. vi. p. 245; Bingham, Str. F. ix. pp. 177, 474; Oaten, 
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 420. 
' 
Above clear brown ; centre lino of bead, broadening on the napo, 
black, bordered on each side with light brown : long superciliarios, 
widened behind the eye and much lengthened, white with black 
edgings, bordered below by a black line which joins the nape; wing-
feathers blackish : wing-coverts brown, with black subapical cross 
bands and bright rufous tips; tail earthy brown: beneath clear 
bright brown, with black spots on the sides of the throat and flanks; 
middle of throat white; crissum dull pink; bill black; feet clear 
brown : whole length 8*2 inches, wing 4, tail 2. Female similar, 
but without the black on the head and nape, and much more spotted 
beneath. 

Hab. Tenasserim and Karen Hills. 

a. 
§ ad. sk. Quaynioocky, Thoimgyeen R., Hume Coll. 
Tenasserim. (C. T. 
b. 
S ad. sk. Meplay River, Thoimgyeen Hume Coll. 
valley, Tenasserim (C. T. 
Bingham). 
c. 
J ad. sk. Meplay Eiver, Thoimgyeen R. B. Sharpe [P.]. 
Valley, Tenasserim (C. T. 
Bingham). 
d. e. 
S $ ad. sk. Meplay River, Thoimgyeen Purchased. 
Valley, Tenasserim (C. T. 
Bingham), 
f. S ad. sk. Sinzaway Forests, Tenasserim Hume Coll. 
(C. T. Bingham). 
g. <$ ad. sk. 
Dargwin, Salween District Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
h. 
2 ad. sk. Wimpong, Thatone, Tenas- Hume Coll. 
serim (W. Davison). 
i. 
Ad. sk. Karen Hills (Wardlaw Bam- Tweeddale Coll. 
sag). 
2. PITTA* Typo 
Pitta, Vieill Analyse, p. 42 (1816) P. brachyura. 
Myothera, Cm. Begn. An. i. p. 356 (1817) P. brachyura. 
Bracliyurus, Thunb. Vet. Akad.Handl. 1821, p. 370.. P. brachyura. 
Citta, Wagl. Sijst. Av., gen. Corvus (1827) (nee Boie, 

1826) P. brachyura. 
Paludicola, Hodgs. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. vi. p. 103 

H 837) P- nipalensis. 
Kjdj:omi8[Blgth,Jouni'As.Soc. Beng. xii. p. 960(1843) P. nipalensis. 
Heleornis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83 (1844) .... P. nipalensis. 
Gigantipitta, Bp. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 7 (1854) .... P. coerulea. 
Erythropitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) P. mackloti. 

* Cf. as to this name, Scl. Ibis, 1877, p. 260. 
414 
PlTTIDiE. 

Type. 
Iridipitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) P. baudii. 
Melanopitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) P. cucullata. 
Ooloburis, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 3 (1859) .. P. strepitans. 
Phoenicocichla, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5 (1859) P. granatina. 
Leucopitta, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 418 P. cyanea. 
Oervinipitta, Elliot, ibid. P. inoluccensis. 
Purpureipitta, Elliot, op. cit. p. 416 P. venusta. 
Oyanopitla, Gould, Hon. Pitta, pi. 8 (1880) P. steerii. 

Many generic terms, as will be seen, have been proposed for the 
different sections of the Pittas. But I think it preferable to keep 
them under one genus, which for the purpose of study may be divided 
into two divisions and nine sections, as follows :— 

Div. A. PlTT.33 ABEBBANTES. 
Size large: crissum not scarlet. 


a. Size large: predominant colour brown: sexes similar. (Hydromis.) 
p. 414. 
b. Size very large : back of male blue, of female chestnut: sexes 
different. (Gigantipitta.) p. 416. 
o. Size moderate: back blue, duller in female; beneath cross-banded; 
tail rather elongated: sexes slightly different. (Leucopitta.) p. 417. 
Div. B. PlTTiE TYPIC2E. 

Size moderate (except in Cahpitta) : crissum scarlet 
(except in Iridipitta). 

d. Size large: upper surface black; breast white; crissum scarlet 
sexes alike. (Cahpitta.) p. 419. 
e. Cap brown, with a black mesial stripe; lesser wing-coverts and rump 
blue; breast fawn-colour; crissum scarlet: sexes similar. (Pitta.) 
p. 419. 
/'. Whole abdomen crimson; bright superciliary stripe pale blue: 
sexes 
similar. (PkoemcocicMa.) p. 429. 

(j. -Whole abdomen scarlet; breast-band blue; head brownish red ; no 
bright superciliary stripe : sexes similar. (Erythropitta.) p. 432. 
h. Back bright green, with a rump-band of shining blue; head black or 
chestnut surrounded by black; crissum scarlet: sexes similar. 
(Melanopitta.) * p. 438. 
i. Cap bright blue; back crimson; throat white; crissum not scarlet: 
sexes different. (Iridipitta.) p. 414. 
a. 
Size large : predominant colour brown : sexes similar. 
(Hydrornis.) 
Key to the Species. 

A. Nape blue: 
) belly uniform brown 1. nepalensis, p. 414. 
(belly whitish in middle 2. soror, p. 415. 
B. Nape deep brown 
3. oatesi, p. 416. 
1. Pitta nipalensis. 
Paludicola nipalensis, PLodgs. J. A. S. B. vi. p. 103 (1837). 
Heleornis (Paludicola) nipalensis, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 83 
(1844). 

2. PItTA. 
Pitta nipalensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 214; id. Cat. Mamm. # Birds 
Nepal, p. 40 (1803); Blyth, Cat. Mus. A. S. B. p. 150; Moore 
et Horsf. Cat. B. Mm. E. I. Co. vol. i. p. 182; Wallace, Ibis. 
1864, p. 108; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 79; Schley. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, 
1863, p. 2, 1874, p. 4. 

Brachyurus nipalensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; Bp. Consp. I 

p. 253; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 413. 
Gigantipitta nepalensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7. 
Brachyurus (Gigantipitta) nepalensis, Elliot, Man. Pitt pi. iii. 
Iiydromis nipalenbis, Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 502 ; Blyth, B. Burnt, p. 97; 
Gates, 8tr. F. iii. p. 337; id. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 412; Hume, 
Str. F. viii. p. 93. 
Pitta nuckalis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 188. 

Above dull greenish; large nuchal patch blue; front, crown, and 
sides of head pale brown, whiter on lores ; wings blackish, edged 
with pale brown; tail dull greenish : beneath brown, rather more 
buffy on the middle of the belly; throat whitish; bill blackish; 
feet brown : whole length 10 inches, wing 4*8, tail 2*7, tarsi 2*2. 
Female similar. Young. Above dark ashy, with numerous shaft-
spots of pale brown: beneath lighter, and densely covered with 
large pinky-brown spots. 

Hab. "From Nepal, through Assam and Khasia Hills, to Pegu. 

a, b. c? $ ad. sk. Nepal. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 

c-f. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
[P.]. 

g. 
J ad.; h, i. Native Sikhim (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
k. (S ad.; I $ Sikhim (L. Mandelli). Plume Coll. 
.1 

ad.; m~z. Ad.; 

a', b'. Jr. sk. 

c'. Ad. sk. Bimgbee, Barjeeling. Hume Coll. 

d'~i'.A.&.; j Jr. Barjeeling. 
Hume Coll. 

sk. 

k\ Ad. sk. Buxa Boars (Z. Mandelli). Hume Coll. 

/', m'. Ad. sk. Bliotan Boars (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll. 

n'. Ad. sk. Sadhyia (J. Cockburn). Hume Coll. 


o. Ad. sk. Bollah (J. Cockburn). Hume Coll. 
;/. Jr. sk. Bibmghur (J. P. Cripps). Hume Coll. 
q'. J ad. sk. Bilkushah, Cachar(/. Inglis). Hume Coll. 
r'. Ad. sk. Manipur (A. O. Mime). Hume Coll. 
s'. J ad. sk. N. Khasia Hills (ChenneU). Tweeddale Coll. 
f, u\ Ad. sk. Oachar (Constable). Gould Coll. 
v, w\ J ad. sk. Karennee ( Wardlaw Pamsay)., Tweeddale Coll. 
Upper Pegu. E. W. Oates [P.]. 

x', yr. Ad. sk. 

Gould Coll. 

z'. Jr. sk. India. 

2. Pitta soror. 
Pitta (Hydrornis) soror, Wardlaw-Bamsay, Ibis, 1881, p. 496. 
Like the young of P. nipalensis, but smaller, tarsi more slender; 
head above strongly tinged with bluish green, shading into a nuchal 
patch of dull blue. 

PITTED-®. 

Hah. Saigon (?). . . 
It is not possible to expross any opinion on this species until the 
receipt of further specimens. 
a, Jr. sk. Saigon ? Tweeddale Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 

3. Pitta oatesi. 
Ilydrorais oatesi, Hume, Str. F. i. p. 477, et viii. p. 93; Wald. in 
Blyth, B. Burm. p, 98 ; Hume et Dai). Str. F. vi. p. 237 ; Oates, 

B. Brit. Bunn. I p. 411 ; Salvacl Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. ser. 2, v. 
p. 573 (Tenasserim). 
Above dull green; whole head and nape rich rufous; wings 
blackish, with pale brownish edgings ; tail brown, tinged with pale 
greenish : beneath rich rufous, passing into deep buff on the middle 
of belly and crissnm: middle of throat whitish; bill horn-colour; 
feet pale brown: whole length 9*5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 2-5, tarsi 2. 
Female similar, but paler beneath. 
Hah. Pegu and Tenasserim. 


a, b. S ? ad. Eastern slopes of Pegu hills. E. W. Oates [0.]. 
sk. 

a. S ad.; d. Eastern Pegu hills (K W. Oates). Hume Coll. 
Ad. sk. 
c c? ad. sk. Mooleyit,Tenasserim(flP". Davison). Hume Coll. 
/. S ad,; g. Assoon, Tenasserim (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 

2 
ad. sk. 

h. $ ad. sk. Assoum Tenasserim (Limborg). Tweeddale Coll. 
L 2 ad.; /. $ Tkoungyah, Tenasserim {J. Dar~ Hume Coll. 
jr. sk. ling), 
k-r. 
(S ad.; Meetan, Tenasserim ( W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
s-a'. J ad. sk. 

b. 
8ize very large: back of male blue, of female chestnut, 
(Gigantvpitta.) 
Although obviously allied to the birds of the previous section, this 
fine bird seems entitled to stand alone. 

4. Pitta caeralea. 
Myiothera caerulea, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 301 (1822). 
Pitta caerulea, Vig. Mem. Baffles, p. 659; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 156; Mors/, et Moore, Cat. B. 

B. 1. C. p. 181; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273; Schkg. Fog. Ned. 
Ind. Pitta, p. 2, pi. i. figs. 1, 2, 3; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, 1863, 
p. 1, 1874, p. 4; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108; Hume et Dav. Str. F. 
vi. p. 238 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 94; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 81 ; 
Sharpe, P. Z. S 1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88. 
Hydrornis caerulea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5. 
Brachyurus caeruleus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 253; Mliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 412. 
l 
Gigantipitta casrulea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Oates, B. Brit. 
Burm. i. p. 413. 

2 . 
PITTA. 
417 

* 8chl Verh Zo°l PitH
Vl^tW^LmJl- P- 14; Temm. Ft Col 
217 (1823); Less. TV. #0™. p. 394. 
Brachyurus davisoni, JHwme, Str. F. iii. p. 321. 

Above bright blue ; back of bead, nape and neck black; front, 
lores, and sides of bead whitish ashy; wings black, more or less 
edged with blue; tail blue: beneath pale cinereous, with a strong 
buffy tinge on the belly which becomes nearly white in the middle; 
irregular and half-concealed guttural collar black; bill blackish; 
feet palebrown : whole length 12 inches, wing 6, tail 2-8, tarsi 2-5. 
Female similar, but back and wing-coverts chestnut-brown, and head 
buffy greyish, with numerous black cross bands, and a black collar 
on the back of the neck. 

Hal. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. 

a-c. d1 ad.; d. J Bankasoon, Tenasserim {W. "Hume Coll. 
ad. sk.
e. 2 a(l« st.
/ . 2 ad -st-
Davison). 
Malacca {Cantor). 
Malacca. 
India Museum. 
Purchased. 
g. Jr. sk. Malacca{Wardlaw Rapisay). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. J ad. sk. Malacca. Hume Coll. 
*'»/ <$ 2 ad. sk.
k. <$ ad.sk.
I. J ad. sk. 
Malacca. 
Malacca {Wallace). 
Malacca. 
A. JR. Wallace [0.]. 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk.
n. 3 ad. sk.
°j P-6 $ ad. sk.
q. 3 ad. sk.
r, s. 3 $ ad. sk. 
Malacca (Dr. Cantor). 
Malacca {Dr. Cantor). 
MalaccaSumatra 
{Raffles), 
Sumatra {Raffles). 
India Museum. 
India Museum. 
Capt. Pinwill [P,]. 
India Museum. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 

c. 
Size moderate; back blue, duller in female; beneath cross-
banded ; tail rather elongated. {Leucopitta.) 
This is also a peculiar and somewhat isolated form, in many 
respects approaching Anthocincla. Its tail is rather longer than in 
most Pittce, but not sufficiently so, in my opinion, to render it 
advisable to remove it to Eucichla. • 

/ 

5. Pitta cyanea* 
Pitta 
cyanea, JBlyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 1008 (1843), xvi. p. 153; id. 
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. p. 157 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213, pL 55; Gould, 

B. Asia, v. pi. 80; Horsf. £ Moore, Cat B. Mus. F.I. C. p. 182; 
Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108; Hume et JDav. Str. F. vi. p. 238; Hume, 
Str. F. viii. p. 93; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 473. 
Brachyurus cyaneus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; id. B, Brit 
Burm. p. 98; Bp. Consp. i. p. 253; Elliot, Mon. Fitt pi. xni.; 
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 413 ; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 107. 

Gigantipitta cyanea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7. 
Eucichla cyanea, Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 4X9; Salvad. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. ser. 2, v. p. 575 (Tenasserim). 
Pitta gigas, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 961 (jr.). 

2 E

VOL. xxv.

418 
PITTIDJ2. 

Above bright blue; wings ashy, more or Jess edged with blue; 
tail bluo; crown brownish grey, with a narrow black vertical stripe; 
napo scarlet; lores and lino through the eye to the nape black: 
beneath palo bluish, thickly covered with black shaft-spots; chin 
and middle of throat buffy white, sides of throat black, with small 
white spots ; middle of belly and crissum whitish; under wing-
coverts and band across the inner webs of the primaries at their 
base white; bill black; feet pale brown: whole length 8'D inches, 
wing 4-5, tail 2*3, tarsi 1*7. Female similar but duller, and back 

dull cinereous tinged with bluish. 
Hub. Bhotan, Earmah, and Siam. 

a. 2 ad. sk. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
c. S ad.; d, e. $ 
ad. sk. 
f,g. 6 2 ad. sk. 

h. 
d ad.; i,j. § 
ad. sk. 
k. 3 ad. sk. 
1. <S ad. sk. 
m. tf ad. sk. 
n~q. <$ ad.; r, s. 
2 ad. sk. 
t} u. $ ad.; v-y. 
$ ad. sk. 

z. 
d ad.; a1. $ 
ad. &k. 
V -d'. tf ad.; e', 
/'. 2 ad. sk. 
/-/'. tf ad.; k'n'. 
$ ad. sk. 
o\ $ ad. sk. 


p'. $ ad. sk. 

q'. $ jr. &k. 

rf. $ ad. sk. 

s'j t\ <$ ad.; u'


w\ $ ad. sk. 
x'. <$ ad.; y', s'. 
$ad.;«". $ 

jr. sk. 
b". 2 ad. sk. 
c". 2 ad.; d'\ 


Ad. sk. 
e". 2 ad. sk. 


/'. Ad. sk. 

Bhotan. 
Arracau. 
Eastern Pegu Hills (22. W. 

Oates). 

Eastern Pegu Hills. 
Pahpoon, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 
Dargwin, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 
Beeling, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 
Thamban, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 

Thenganee Sakan, Tenasserim 

(W. Daviso?i). 
Assoon, Tenasseiim (W. 
Daviso?i). 
Moolejit, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 
Meetan, Tenasserim (TV. 
Davison). 
Amherst, 
Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 


Sinzaway Forest, Tenasserim 
(IF. Davison). 
Houugthraw River, Tenasserim 
(W. Davison). 
Thoungyeen River (C. T. 
Bingliani). 
Thoungyeen Forest (<?. T. 
Bingham). 
Kaukaryit, Tenasserim (J. 
Darling). 
Thoungyah, Tenasserim (J. 
Darling). 

Moulmein (R. C. Beavan). 
Karen Hills (Wardlaw 
Ramsay). 
Tonghoo, Burmah (Wardlaw 
Ramsay). 

Siam. 

India ICuseum. 
As. Soc. Bezig. [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 

E. W. Oates [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould CoU. 

2. PITTA. 
419 
d. Size large: upper surface black • breast white. (Calopiita.) 
This is perhaps the finest and most brilliant form of the whole 
group; and, though allied to the next section, must stand alone. 


6. Pitta maxima. 
Pitta maxima, Mull et Sckleq. Verh. Zool Pitta, p. 14; Gray, Gen. 
B. i. p. 213; id. P. Z. S. I860, p. 351; Waterman, Bijdr. t. & 
JDierk. i. p. 45, Pitta, pi. 1 ; Schleg. Ilandl. t. d. Dierk.'i. p. 253, 
Aves, pi. 2. fig. 21: id. Voq. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 4, pi. i. fig. 4; id. 
Mm. P.-B. Pitta, p. 2 (18G3), et p. 4 (1874); id. Ned. Tijdschr. 
Dierk. iii. p. 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1859, p. 112, 1860, p. 197', 1864, 
pp. 103, 105,108; Bemst. Nat. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. p. 373; Salvad. 
Ami. Mu$. Civ. Genov. -vii. p. 772, xvi. p. 184; id. Orn. Pap. 
ii. p. 378 ; Gould, B. Nezo Guin. pt. ii. pi. 5. 
Brachyurus maximus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 253; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. 
pi. xii ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 413. 
Gigantipitta maxima, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7. 
Leucopitta maxima, Goidd, Mon. Pitt. pi. 7. 


Above velvety black; wings black, with a white band across the 
primaries ; wing-coverts bright blue; secondaries edged with green; 
tail black: beneath white, chin and sides of throat black ; middle of 
belly and crissum crimson ; under wing-coverts black ; bill black ; 
feet brown: whole length. 11 inches, wing fro, tail 3, tarsus 2*5. 
Female similar, 

Bab. 
Gilolo. 

a,b.<$2 ad.; Gilolo. A. E. Wallace [0.]. 

c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad, sk, Gilolo (Wallace). ' Purchased. 
e. S ad. sk. Gilolo. Salvin-Godman ColL 
/ . Ad. sk. Gilolo. Gould Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Gilolo (Wallace), Tweeddale Coll. 
e. 
Cap brown, with a black mesial stripe ; lesser wing-coverts 
and rump blue ; breast fawn-colour ; crissum scarlet: sexes 
similar. {Pitta.) 
Key to the Section. 

A. 
Upper wing-coverts and rump dark purplish 
blue. 
j Bill smaller 7. cyanopterg,, p. 420. 
| Bill larger 8. megarhjncha, p. 421. 

B. Upper wing-coverts and rump bright light blue. 
a. Throat white. # 
a'. Whole belly scarlet 9. angolensis, p. 422. 
b'. Only middle of belly scarlet. 
a". Wings tipped with white 10. bvachyura, p. 42o. 
b". Wings not tipped with white. 

a'". Breast pale greenish grey: 
crown brown, with a black mesial 
stripe: 


| chin white 11. ntjmpha, p. 425. 
1 chin blackish 12. berte, p. 425. 


 2 E 
2 

42 0 ]?ITTID2E. 

b"u Breast deep ochraceous, crown 
black 13. vigorsi, p. 426. 
b, Throat black. 
c'. Smaller: centre of crown black. 
c". Superciliaries broad, brown...... 14. concinna, p. 426. 
d", Superciliaries narrow, yellowish. 
I Bill thinner 15. zrena, p. 427. 
) Bill thicker 16. crassirostris, p. 427. 
cl\ Larger: crown deep brown, with a 
black mesial stripe 17. strepitans, p. 428. 

7. Pitta cyanoptera. 
Merle des Moluques, Daub. PL Enl. 257 (?). 
Turdus moluccensis, P. L. 8. Mull Natursyst, Suppl. p. 144 (1776). 
Turdus rnacrourus fasciatus, Bodd, Table d. PL EnL p. 16 (1783). 
Oorvus brachyurus, var. £. madagascariensis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 376 


(1788). 
Myiothera brachyura, Raffl. Trans. Linn. 8oc. xiii. p. 300 Q822). 
Pitta cyanoptera, Temm. PL Col 218 (1823) ; Vig. Mem. Raffl. 

p. 659 (1830); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 394 (1831) ; Mull, et Schl. Verh. 
Zool. Pitta, pp. 7, 17 j G. R. Gray, Gen. P. i. p. 213; Low, 
Sarawak, p. 410; Blyth, Cat. Mm. A. 8. p. 157; Moore, P. Z. S. 
1854, p. 274,-Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. C. i. p. 183; 
Mottl. et Dilluo. Contr. Nat. Hist. Lalman, p. 22; Schlegel, Vog. 
Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 9, 32, pi. 4. fig. 1 (1863) ; id. Mm. 'de Pays-
Bas, Pitta, p. 9 (1863), et p. 15 (1874); Wallace, I6is, 1864, 
pp. 105, 110; Walden, P.Z. 8. 1866, p. 545; Beavan, Ibis, 1870, 
p. 322 (Moulmein) ; Salvad. Ibis, 1871, p. 248 ; id. Ait. R. A. 8c. 
Tor. ix. p. 631; id. lice. d. Borneo, p. 235; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, 
p. 262 (Borneo); Nieholso7i, Ibis, 1883, p. 88 (Borneo). 
Ooloburis cyanoptera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 4. 
Pitta malaccensis, Blyth, J. A. S.B. xii. p. 960 (1843). 
Brachyurus malaccensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254. 
Ooloburis malaccensis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4. 
Brachyurus cyanopterus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153 (1847) ; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Elliot, Mon. 
Pitt. pi. iv. 
Pitta nympha, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, pp. 412, 414; id. P. Z. S.1863, 

p. 277 (Amoy). 
Pitta moluccensis, Swinh. P. Z. S.1871, p. 374; Oates, 8tr. Feath. v. 
p. 149; id. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 415; Hume et Bav. Sir. Feath. 
vi> p. 240; Hume, Sir. Feath. viii. p. 94; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, 
p. 509; David et Oust. Ois. d. Chine, p. 144 (S. China). 
Brachyurus moluccensis, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 413; Hume, Str. Feath. 
iii. p. 106; Blyth et Walden, B. Burma, p. 98; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, 
p. 10 (Borneo). 
Above dark green ; cap brown, -with a dark vertical stripe ; sides* 
of head, united on the nape, black; rump brilliant blue; wings 
black, crossed by a broad white band which occupies the further 
half of the primaries ; lesser wing-coverts and edges of secondaries 
bright blue like the rump; tail black, tipped with blue: beneath 
deep fawn-colour, throat white, middle of belly and crissum crimson; 


2 . 
PITTA. 421 
Tinder wing-coverts black; bill Mack; feet brown: whole length 
7-3 Indies, wing 4*6, tail 1*5, tarsus 1*5. Female similar. 

Rab* Burmah5Borneo. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b~ d ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
d~g. d acL;A. 2 
ad. sk. 
i.j* Ad.; kf I Jr. 
sk. 
7/1. Ad. sk, 
», £>. d $ ad. sk. 

p. Jr. sk. 
*/. d ad. sk. 
r-2. d ad.; «tP-$ 
ad.;x% 
d jr. sk. 
^-*f. d ad. sk. 

#* jT. d ad.; / /. 
$ ad. sk. 
#-«". d ad. ;/"|>". 
$ ad. sk. 
*/-i*". d ad.; a?", 
.r'r. $ ad. sk. 

y". d ad.;s". $ 
ad.; a3. $ jr. sk. 
6*-H/\ d ad-? 

Aa-^. $ ad. sk. 
ff. Ad. sk. 
»rl Ad. sk. 
»;l. Ad. sk. 
63-$ ad. sk. 
/r3. Ad. sk. 
j 3. Ad. sk. 
r3. Ad. sk. 
s3. Ad. sk. 

t3 

. Ad. sk. 
t*3. Ad. sk. 


,33

x» w. cf ? ad. sk. 
r1. Ad. sk. 

 Siam, Southern China,, Malay peninsula, and 

Thayetmyo, Pegu. 
Thayetmyo {Wardlaw 
Mamsay). 

Thayetmyo. 
Tonghoo, Pegu {Wardl. 
Mamsay). 

Pegu. 

Eangoon (J. Armstrong), 
Bangoon ( Wardl. Mams.). 
Salween r. (Beavan). 
Salween r. (Bingham). 
Amherst, Tenasserim ( W. 

Davison). 

Tavoy, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 
Shymotee, Tenasserim ( W* 
Davison). 
Bankasoon, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 
Eaukaryit, Tenasserim QL 
Darling). 

Kaukaryit, Tenasserim 

{Bingham). 
Kossoom (J. Darling). 


Penang {Cantor). 
Penang. 
Penang. 
Malacca {Davison). 
Siam. 
Cambodia. 
Labuan. 
Labuan (Low). 


N.W. Borneo. 
Borneo. 
Bintulu, Borneo (Fverett). 
Borneo. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

E. W. Oates [0.], 
Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale ColL 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

India Museum. 
India Museum 
Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Gould CoU. 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

K. B. Sharpe [T.]. 
Sir H. Low [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 
Bajah Brooke [P.]. 
8. Pitta megarhyncha. 
Pitta megarhyncha, Schl Yog. Ned. Ind. p. 11, pi. 4. fig. 2 ; id. 
Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 9 (1863), et p. 16 (1874); Elliot, Ibis, 1870, 

p. 414, pi. arii.; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 242 j Hume, Str. F 
viii. p. 94 j Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 416; Gould, B. Asia, v. 
pi. 70. 
Brachyurus 
megarhynchus, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 475; Wald. %n 
Blyth, B. Burm. p. 98. 

422 
pmiBJE. 

Similar to P. eyanoptera, but with a much, larger bill. 

Hub. Tonasserim and Malay peninsula. 

a. Ad. sk. Rangoon. . E. W. Oates [C.]. 
A. 
tfad.,-* 2 Amherst, Tenasserim (7T. flume Coll. 
jr. sic. Davison). , 
d. <f ad. sk. Sliyniootee, Tavoy (7T. 2>«w- Hume Coll. 
AcJad.sk. Malewoon, Tanasserim (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison), 


f. 
$ ad. sk. Chouiai Creek, Meigui ( W. Hume OoU. 
Davison), 
ff.gad. sk. Wippitan, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison), 
h, L $ ad. sk. Tapraw, Island of Tonkah (J. Hume Coll, 
Darling), 
j-l. S ad. ,• m. ? Kossoom {J. Darling). Hume Coll. 


n. c? * ad.' sk Kossoom (J. Darling). Gould Coll. 
o, p. $ ad, sk. Johore, Malay Peninsula ( W. Hume Coll. 
Davison). 


9. Pitta angolensis. 
Pitta angolensis, Vieill Nouv. Diet. iv. p. 356 (1816) ; id. Em. Metk 
p. 685; Hartl Orn. West-Afr. p. 74; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; 
Des Miirs, Icon, Orn. pi. 46; Sclileg. Mus. P.~B. Pitta, p. 12 
(1863), et p. 15 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105; tfto^a, Jftw, 
1860, p. 187 (Fantee); Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 56 (Gold Coast). 
Brachyurus angolensis, Pp. Consp. i. p. 255; aW. Consp* Vol. A/iisod. 

p. 7; Elliot, Hon. Pitt. pi. v.; wf. i£/s, 1870, p. 414. 
Pitta pulih, 
Eraser, P.ZS.1842, p. 190,* Allen $ Thorns. Niger 
Exp. ii. p. 495; Mull 8f Sckl Verh. ZooL Pitta, p. 18. 

Above dark green; broad vertical band black, bordered on each, 

side by a light brown stripe, which passes into whity-brown on the 

lengthened superciliaries; sides of head black; wings and tail 

blackish; wing-coverts greenish, with broad terminations of bright 

blue; rump bright blue; beneath cinereous fawn-colour, throat 

white; belly scarlet; under wing-coverts and under surface of 

wings black, with a white cross band on the inner webs of the 

wing-feathers; bill black; feet yellow: whole length 7'5 inches, 

wing 4*3, tail 1*7. 
Female similar. 

Sab. Tropical Africa. 

The occurrence of a single typical Pitta in Africa is one of the 

most remarkable facts in geographical distribution, all the remain


ing species being exclusively Oriental and Australian forms. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Fantee (Swanzt/). R. B. Sharpe. 

Jv S1L

<?*- 
"Wassau (BUssett). R. B. Sharpe. 

d. Ad. sk. Ashanti. 
Gould Coll. 
S-Africa

 Gould Ooii

5* "ff *?• 



/• Af ®k' W. Africa. Purchased. 
9* Ad. sk. W. Africa. Purchased. 

2. 
PTTTA. 423 
10. Pitta brachyura. 
The Short-tailed Pye, Edwards, Glean, iii. p. 242, t. 324 
Corvus brachyurus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 158 • Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 16G 
(partirn); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 394. 

Pitta brachyura, Boyle, III. Bot. Himal t)l. 7. fig. 3; Gray, III 
Ind. Zool. ii. pi. 35. fig. 2; Jerdon, Madras Journ. x. p. 25; 
Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl p. 122; Lai/ard, Ann. K II. mv. 2, 

lon) J Qr*y,

??™p ™d9 (P,ey Gen-B. i. p.' 213 j Franklin, P. Z. S. 
1&30-31, p. 117; Gould, Cent. Him. II pi. 23; Ft/ton, P. Z. S. 
1839, p. 104 (Malacca); Midi, et Schleg. Verh. titta, p. 17 ; 
Holdsio. P.Z.S. 1872, p. 445 (Ceylon); Legge, Ibis. 1874, p. 18 
(Ceylon); Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 213 (Godavery). 

Citta brachyura, Wagl. Syst. Av. (Covvas). 

Colokiris brachyura, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 4. 

Corvus brachyurus, var. bengalensis, Gm. 8. JV". i. p. 376. 

Pitta bengalensis, Vieill. Fne. Meth. p. 685; Stephens, Gen. Zool 

xiii. pt. 2, p. 183 ; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mns. F.I. C. i. p. 184; 
Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105; Jerdon, B. Ind. i. p. 503; id. Ibis. 
1872, p. 133; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 64; id. Mon. Pitt. pi. i.; 
Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 410 (Kattiawar) ; SeUegel, Mas. P.-B. Pitta, 
p. 15 (1874) ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepaid, p. 40' (1863); 
&?Z. P.Z.&1876, p. 696. 
Brachyurus bengalensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol Anisod. 

p. 7; Flliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. vi. 
Pitta brachycerca, Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 290 (Ceylon). 
Turdus triostegus, Sparmm. Mm. Carls, pi. 84. 
Pitta triostegus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 157; Ada?ns, P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 489. 
Le breve de Malacca, Sonnerat, Voy. ii. p. 190. 
Turdus malaccensis, Scop, Bel. Faun. 8c Flor. Ins. ii. p. 95. 
Pitta malaccensis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 12. 
Citta abdominalis, Wagl Syst. Av. Corvus, sp. obsc. 15. 
Citta superciliaris, Wagl Syst. Av. Corvus, sp. obsc. 17. 
Turdus coronatus, P. L. S. Mull. Na/itrs., Suppl p. 144 (?). 
Pitta coronata, Hume, Nests fy Fggs Ind. J3. p. 224; Ball, Str. F. 

ii. p. 406 (Chota NaguurX et v. p 416 (Centr. Ind.); Butter 
8c Hume, Str. Fin. p.x470 (Mt. Aboo); Fairbank, Str. F. iv. 
p. 257 (Khandala); Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 687. 
Brachyurus coronatus, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 414. 
Above green; vertical band black, bordered on each side by a 
broad stripe of pale yellowish brown; narrow superciliaries birffy 
white, produced on the nape into pale bluish lateral tufts ; sides of 
bead black; wings black, with a broad white basal band, and with 
broad white tips to the remiges; lesser wing-coverts and ramp 
bright light blue; greater wing-coverts green like the back : 
beneatb deep fawn-colour; throat white ; middle of belly and 
crissu.ni scarlet; nnder wing-coverts black, with a white patch; 
under surface of wings black, with a broad white basal band; bill 
blackish, with a light culmen; feet yellowish : whole length 
7 inches, wing 4, tail 1*5. 
Female similar. 
Hob. Indian peninsula, Ceylon, Assam, Arracan, and Tenasserim. 

424

a, h. d ad.; c. $
ad. sk. 

d. 2 ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk/, g. (S ad. sk.
7ij V. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
k Ad. sk.


I $ ad. sk.

m. 2 ad. sk. 
n. <$ ad. sk. 
o, 2 a^- sk. 
p. <$ ad. sk. 
q, r. Ad. sk. 
s. Ad. sk. 
t. 
6* ad. ; u-x\ 
Ad.;y,s. Jr.sk. 
a\ <$ ad. sk. 
6'. Jr. sk. 
c'. Ad. sk. 

if. c? ad. sk. 
e\ 2 ad. sk. 
/. d ad. sk. 
g\ h'. Ad. sk. 
*'. Ad. sk. 
f-q\ c^ad.; r7~«?f. 

2 ad. sk. 
£•'. 2 ad. sk, 
y\ $ ad. sk. 
z'. S ad. sk. 
a". J ad.; $". $ 

ad. sk. 
e". Ad. sk. 
<*",«". Ad.sk, 


/'. Ad. sk. 

f. 
4 ad. j h", t". 
2 ad.; /', k". 
Ad. sk. 
f'-o". Ad. sk. 
p". Ad. sk. 
q". Ad. sk. 

r". tf ad. sk. 
*". Ad. sk. 
*",*". Pad,: vf'. 

Ad. sk. 
w". 2 ad. sk. 

*". Ad. sk. 

y\ Ad. sk. 

 PITTIDiB. 

 Anadra, Mt. Aboo. 

 Simla. 

 Kangra. 
Bareilly. 
Behar. 


 Assam. 
Lower Hills, SikMm (£. Mandelli). 
G-odavery Valley (W. T. Blanford). 


G-odavery Valley. 
Ungull, Orissa. 
Mysore. 
Sambulpur. 
Coorg. 
Mailghat forests, Berar. 
Raipur, 


Raipur. 
Seoni district. 
Dhulia, Khandeish (J. David


son). 
Ahmednugger (Fairbank). 
Mahabaleshwar (Fairbank). 
Khandala (Fairbank). 
Calicut (Harris). 
Calicut. 
Belgaum (E. A. Butler). 


Seegore ( W. Davison). 
Ootacamund (W. Davison). 
Coonoor, Mlgherries. 
Goodalore, Wynaad. 


Malabar. 
Madras. 
Madras. 
Madras. 


Madras. 
Anjango, Travancote. 
Travancore. 


Mynall, Travancore. 
Eridge, Travancore. 
Ceylon. 


Pantura, Ceylon. 


Ceylon. 


Ceylon. 


Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Pinwill OoU. 
Hume Coll. 


B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
TP.]. 
Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 

W. T. Blanford [C.]. 
Hume Coll. 
"W. Davison [C.]. 
Hume Coll. 
India Museum. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Swinhoe Coll. 
Swinhoe Coll. 
Swinhoe Coll. 
Swinhoe Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


W. Davison [C.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Dr. Jerdon [P.]. 
Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Rev.H.H.Bal>er[C.]. 
Hume Coll. 


F. W. Bourdillon 
[C.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Capt. W. V. Legge 
[C.]. 
Capt. W. V. Legge 
LCI. 

T. 
Thwaites, Esq. 
[C.]. 
2 . PITTA. 
425 

z"-c3*
z 
Ad. sk. Ceylon (S. Chapman), Tweeddale Coll. 

d2

~g. Ad. sk. Ceylon {Neville). Tweeddale Coll. 

h3~f. Ad. sk. 

*nclia. 
Gould Coll. 

k\ Ad.sk. 

In&h. 
India Museum. 

P. Ad. sk. 
India. 
Purchased. 

11. Pitta nympha. 
Pitta nympha, Temm. et Schleg. Faim. Jap., Aves, Snppl. t. A: Wallace, 
Ibis, 1864, p. 105; Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 730. 
Brachyurus nympha, Bp. Consp. I p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. 

p. 7 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. viii. • id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415. 
Pitta oreas, Swinh. Ibis. 1864, p. 428 (Formosa); id. P. Z. S. 1805, 
p. 678, 1871, p. 375; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 408; Gould, B. Asia, 
v. pi. 65; David et Oust. Ois. d. Chine, p. 153. 
Brachyurus oreas, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 415, pi. xiii. fig. 1. 
Above dark green; crown brown, with a narrow black mesial 
stripe, and black sides of the head, which unite in the black nape ; 
broad superciliaries pale yellowish fawn-colour, continued on to the 
nape; lesser wing-coverts and rump bright light blue; remiges 
black, with a broad white transverse band; larger coverts and 
secondaries green like the back: beneath pale greenish buff ; throat 
white ; middle of abdomen and crissum scarlet; tail black, with a 
blue tip; bill black; feet pale : whole length. 6*5 inches, wing 4-7, 
tail 1*6. 

Bab. Tsusima Island, Grulf of Corea, !N\ China, and Formosa. 

Pitta nympha was based by Temm. & Schlegel upon a Japanese 

drawing. Swinhoe obtained a single specimen as a cage bird at 

Chefoo, and many specimens have lately been procured by Mr. 

Jouy in Tsusima Island in the Straits of Corea, from one of which, 

kindly lent to me by Mr. Jouy, the accompanying description has 

been taken. 

I cannot separate P. oreas of Formosa from P. nymplia. The 

species is at once recognizable amongst its congeners by the very-

pale fawn-colour, with a greenish tinge, of the body below. 

a. S ad. sk. Chefoo, China (Swinhoe'), H. Seehohm, Esq. [P.]. 
b. 
Ad. sk. Formosa (Swinhoe). H. Seebohm, Esq. (Type 
of P. oreas.) 
12. Pitta bertae. 
Pitta bertee, Salvad. Att. Ac. Sc. Tor. iii. p. 527 (1868) ; id. Ibis, 
1871, p. 248; id. Ucc. Bom. p. 237, pi. iii.; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, 

p. 409; Gray, Hand4. iii. p. 192. 
Pitta oreas, Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263 (Borneo). 
Similar to P. nympha, but with the chin blackish, and the sides 

of the crown of a deeper colour. 

Eab. Northern Borneo. 

Mr. Sharpe has united P. bertm to P. oreas of Formosa. I cannot 

separate the latter from P, nywpha, and P. bertee comes certainly 

PITTID^E. 

very close; but I should like to see a better series from Borneo before 
I join together two species from such different localities. 

ttt ^d. 8\lt N.W. Borneo. Sir H. Low [C.]. 

13. Pitta vigors! 
Pitta braclryura, Vig. et Ilorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 218 (1826) j 
Meyer, Site. Isis, 1884, p. 43 (Danmiar). 

Pitta vigorsi, Gould, B. Austr. iv. pi. 2; id. Intr. B. Austr. p. 54; 
id. Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 527 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Midi. $r 
Sold. Verh. Pitta, p. 17 ; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1802, p. 188; id. Ibis, 
18C4, pp. 104,106; Solder/. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 14, pi. 3. fig. 4; 
id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 11 (1863), etp. 15 (1874); Meyer, Zeitschr. 
qes. Orn. 1884, p. 210 (Timor-laut) ; Saluad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
'Genoa, xvi. p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 392; id. P. Z. S. 1884, 

p. 579 (Timor-laut). 
Brachyurus vigorsi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; id. Co?isp. Vol Anisod. 
p. 7 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. vii. ,* id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415. 
Coloburis vigorsi, Cab. et ffein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 4. 
Above dark green; crown, sides of head, and nape black, traversed 
by two long superciliary stripes from the front to nape, which are 
pale fawn-colour tinged with bluish ; remiges black, with a broad 
white cross-band: larger coverts and secondaries green, like the 
back; lesser wing-coverts and rump bright light blue: beneath 
deep ochraceous, throat whitish; centre of abdomen and crissum 
scarlet, darker and mixed with black on the abdomen ; tail black, 
tipped with blue; bill black; feet pale: whole length 6*7 inches, 
wing 4*4, tail 1*7. 

Hub. Banda Islands, and Timor-laut. 
A very distinct species, easily known by its black crown and deep 
ochraceous colour below. 

a. Ad. sk.
bt tf ad. sk. 
East Indies. Linn. Soe. Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Banda. * A* JR.. Wallace, Esq. 
14. Pitta coucinna. 

Pitta concinna, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 65 • id. B. Neio Guinea, 
pt. ix. pi. 6; Schley. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 12, pi. 3. rig. 1; 
id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 10 (1863), et p. 14 (1874): Wallace, 

P. Z. S. 1803, p. 485 ; id. Ibis, 1864, p. 106. 
Pitta mathilda, Verreanx, Pev. ZooL 1857, p. 303, pi. xi. 
Brachyurus concinnus, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. x.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416. 
Brachyurus vigorsi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 (err.). 
Above dark green, crown, sides of the head, and nape black ; broad 
superciliaries from front to over the eye light brown, behind the eye 
narrowed, pale bluish; remiges black, with a small white speculum;, 
larger coverts and secondaries green, like the back; smaller coverts 
and rump bright blue; tail black, tipped with greenish: beneath 
pale fawn-colour; throat black, projected in the middle line down 
the neck; middle of belly and crissum scarlet, darker and varied with 

2 . PITTA. 
427 

black in the centre of the abdomen; under wing-coverts black; 

bill black; feet pale brown: whole length (r3 inches, wing 4,' 

tail 1*4. Female similar. 

Hab. Lombock and Plores. 

The broad brown superciliary stripo from the front to the eye, 

where it passes into very pale shining blue, distinguishes this 

species. 

«• <? ad-> Lombock. A, R. Wallace TO.]. 

b. Ad. sk. u 
c, d. Ad. sk. Lombock {Wallace). Gould Coll. 
e. 2 ad. sk. Lombock ( Wallace). Tweoddale Coll. 
/• Ad. sk. Lombock (Wallace). Purchased. 
9- Ji- sk. Flores. Purchased. 
15. Pitta irena. 
Le Merle vert des Moluques, JBriss. Orn. ii. p. 310. 
Merle de Bengale, Daub. PL Enl. 258 (?). 
Turdus coronatus, HihU. Naturs., Suppl. p. 144 (?) 
Merula (Corvus) brachyurus, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl p. 1G (?). 
Pitta coronata, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 204. 
Breve irene, Temm. PI. Col. 591 (1836). 
Pitta irena, Temm. ibid, • id. Tabl. Meth. p. 16 (1838) ; Mllll. Verh. 


Ethn. p. 172 ; Mull. $ ScJiL Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 12, 17; Gray, 
Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1801, p. 350, et 1804, p. 100; id. 

P. Z. S.1863, p. 485 (Timor); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, xvi. 
p. 185 ; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 390. 
Pitta elegans, Temm. PI. Col. text to pi. 591. 
Brachyurus irena, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 
Elliot, Mon. Pitta, pi. xi.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416. 

Pitta 
brachyura, Gray, Gen. B. p. 213 ; id. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 351 
8chleg. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 189; id. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 13, 
pi. 3.'figs. 2, 3; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 11 (1863), et p. 14 (1874) 

Above dark green; crown, sides of the head, and nape black 
superciliaries from front to nape rather narrow, of equal width 
throughout, pale yellowish ; remiges black, with a white speculum ; 
secondaries and greater coverts green, like the back ; lesser coverts 
and rump bright blue; tail black, tipped with green: beneath 
fawn-colour; throat black, projected in. the centre on the neck; 
centre of belly and crissum scarlet, darker and mixed with black in 
the middle of the abdomen ; under wing-coverts black ; bill black; 
feet pale brown: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 1*5. 

Hab. Timor. 
The narrow, uniformly coloured, light yellow superciliaries are the 
principal distinctions between this species and P. concinna. 

a. Ad. sk. Timor (v. Lansberg). Leyden Mus. [E.]. 
16. Pitta crassirostris. 
Pitta 
crassirostris, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 188, 339; id. Ibis, 
1864, p. 106. 
Brachyurus crassirostris, Elliot, Mon. Pitt., Intv. p. 16. 

• Pitta magnirostris, 8cMeg. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 188. 
PITTID^l. 

Similar to P. irena, but rather larger, and distinguished by its 
thicker and more compressed bill: whole length 7*4 inches, wing 

4-6, tail 1-7. 
Eab. Sula Islands. 
a, b. Q ad. sk.
7 "*" 
Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace [0.1 
(Type of the species.) 
e. Ad. sk. Sula Islands (Wallace). Gould ColL 
d. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. Oould ColL 
17. Pitta strepitans. 

Pitta strepitans, Temm. PL Col 333 (1825) ; Milll 8? SchL Verk. 
Zool Pitta, p. 16 • Leas. Tr. cVOm. p. 395; Jard. et Selby, III Or a. 

i. pi. 77; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 156 ; Gray et Jfitek. Gen. 
B. i. p. 213; Gould, B. Austral iv. pi. i.; id. JSandb. B. Austral u 
p. 430; Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 191; id. Cat. B. Xeio Guinea, p. 58; 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 10 (1803), et p. 13 (1874) ; Wallace, 
Ibis, 1864, p. 106; Ereffb, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 319; Ramsay, Ibis, 
1807, p. 416. 
Pitta versicolor, Sw. Zool Journ. i. p. 468. 
Brachyums strepitans, Bp. Con*p. i. p. 254; id. Cbnsp. Vol Anisod. 


p. 7; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. ix.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415. 
Ooloburis strepitans, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Sein. ii. p. 3. 
Pitta simillima, Gould, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 76; Gray, Hand-L I p. 2m ; 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 13 (1874); Masters, Pr. Linn. Afar. 

N. S. W. i. p. 54; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. M S. W. ii. p. Ib7 ; d\Ilk 
et Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 83 (Fly River, New 
Guinea); Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 184; id. Orn. Pap. 
ii. p. 389. 
Pitta kreffti, Sahad. Ait. Soc. It. xii. p. 551; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 296. 
Pitta strepitans, var. simillima, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875? p. 591. 
Pitta assimilis, dAlb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. x. p. 12; id. Ibis, 1877? 
p. 368 (Torres Straits). 
Above dark green; crown dark chestnut-brown, with a slight 
black vertical stripe; sides of head, nape, and back of neck "black ; 
wing-feathers black, with a white speculum; margins of secondaries 
and greater coverts green, like the back; lesser wing-coverts and 
rump-band bright shining pale blue: beneath pale fawn-eolour; 
throat and centre of neck black; patch in centre of abdomen Mack; 
lower belly and crissum scarlet; under wing-coverts black; tail 
black, tipped with greenish; bill black; feet pale brown; whole 
length 8-5 inches, wing 5, tail 2. Female similar. 

Hal. Eastern Australia, islands of Torres Straits, and Southern 
Hew Guinea. 

The northern specimens (Pitta simillima) are smaller in size, but 
not otherwise distinguishable, and there are several specimens in the 
series of intermediate dimensions which it is difficult to assign to 
either form without knowing the locality. 

a. Subsp. typica. 
a. Ad. sk. Australia. Lady Garrinffton fP.L 
I. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould ColL 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. J. E. W. Rushton [P.]. 
% PITTA. 429 
a. Ad. sk. Moreton Bay (Strange). Gould Coll. 
€J i A T* 7Z-/6. Ad.; LJr. sk. 
0a P e York * 
Australia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Australia. Capt. Stanley [P.! 
n-p. Ad. sk* North Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Subsp, simillima. 
a. Ad. sk. Cape York. Gould Coll. (Type 
. , ,
b, c. Ad.; d.
Jr. sk. 
Cape York. 
of J*, simillima.) 
Gould Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Port Albany. 
West Island, Torres Straits. 
Purchased. 
Voy. H.M.S.c Alert.' 
L Jr. sk.
u Jr. sk. 
Somerset, Cape York (CockereU). 
Somerset, Cape York. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

/. "Whole a"bdomen scarlet; briglit superciliary stripe pale blue: 
sexes similar. (Phoenicocichla.) 

Key to the Section. 

A. Without a blue breast-band. 
a. 
Crown "brown or black. 
J Back brown 18. venusta, p. 429. 
) Back purplish black 19. ussheri, p. 430. 
b. Crown scarlet. 
\ Black: front broad 20. granatina, p. 430. 
(Black front narrow 21. coccinea, p. 431. 
B. With a blue breast-band 
22. arcuata, p. 431. 
18. Pitta venusta. 
Pitta venusta, Miill. Tijdschr. v. Nat. Ges. ii. p. 348, pi. 9. fig. 4 
(1835) * Temm. PL Col. 590 (1836) j Mull. $ Mileg. Verh. Zool. 
Pitta, pp. 6, 15 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. 
Pitta, pp. 21, 36, pi. v. figs. 4, 5; id. Mm. P.-B. Pitta, p. 13 
(1863) etp. 17 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Sakad, Ucc. 
Borneo, p. 241; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 254 (Sumatra). 
Braehyurus venustus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 j JElliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xiv.; 
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416. 
Erythropitta venusta, Bp. Ccnsp. Vol Amsod. p. 7. 
Above brown ; bead ratber darker, with a narrow superciliary 
stripe of pal e blue behind the eye; wings and tail brown, greater 
wing-coverts slightly edged with bine: beneath, throat and breast 
brown like the back; abdomen dull scarlet; bill black; feet dark 
brown : wliole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2. 
Hab. Sumatra and Borneo. 

a. Ad. sk. Java(P). n^ffnli 
£ Ad. sk. Sumatra. Gould Coll. 
PITXIB^E, 

430 

19. Pitta ussheri. 
Pitta ussheri, Sharps, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 94, et 1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ; 
id. Ibis, 1879, p. 263 (Borneo) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88 
(Borneo); Gould, B. Asia, y. pi. 75. 
Above brownish black glossed with purple; head black; narrow 
post-superciliary stripe pale blue; wings black; wing-coverts broadly 
ed^ed with blue : beneath, throat and breast brownish black with 
purple wash; abdomen dull scarlet; bill black ; feet brown : whole 
length 5-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1*5. 
Hab. Borneo. 
Nearest to P. venusta, but distinguished by its darker back and 
throat and the broad blue wing-edgings. 

a. Ad. sk. Lawas r., Borneo (Ussher). Purchased. (Type of 
the species.) 
b. Ad.; c. Pull. sk. Borneo. Gould Coll. 
20. Pitta granatina. 
Pitta granatina, Temm. PL Col 506 (1830); Less. Tr.cTOrn. p. 395; 
Mull. $ ScU. Verk Zool. Pitta, pp. 10, 15, 20; Schleg. Handl. 
Dierlc. i. p. 253: id. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 20? Z5, pi. T. fig. 3; 
id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 5 (1863) et p. 9 (lb74) ; Blyth, Cat. B. 
Mm. A. 8. p. 157; id. J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; Gray, Gen. B. i. 

p. 213 ; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JB.I. C. I p. 384; Wallace, 
Ibis, 1864, p. 107 (part.); 8ahad. Ucc. Bom. p. 242,-Gould, B. 
Asia, v. pi. 67. 
Bracbyurus granatinus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, M'on. Pitt 
pi. xv.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 417 ; Bharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 10 (Borneo). 
Erythropitta granatina. Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Walden. Ibis, 
1872, p. 374. ' " " 
Pboenicocickla granatina, Cab. et Htin. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 5; Gray. 
Hand-l. i. p. 296. 

Above dull black glossed with purple; back of crown and nape 
scarlet; front of crown and sides of head black; superciliary stripe 
behind the eye pale blue; wings brownish black, coverts and 
secondaries edged with purplish blue: beneath, throat dark purplish 
brown; abdomen dull scarlet; tail dull black edged with purplish; 
bill black; feet brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3*4, tail I'd. 
Female similar. 

Hab. Borneo. 
The bright scarlet cap and purplish back are the distinguishing 
features of this and the following species. 

a, b. Ad. st.
c. <$ ad. sk. 
Java (?) 
Sarawak, Borneo. 
Purchased. 
Hume Coll. 
d. S ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. <$ ad. j i,j.
h. c? ad. sk.
I Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Paku, Borneo. 
Bintulu, Borneo. 
Sarawak, Borneo. 
Borneo. 
S jr. sk. Jambusan, Borneo. 
Marup, Borneo. 
Borneo (Mus. Lugd.). 
Borneo. 
H. Everett [0.1 
H. Everett [C.f 
A. B. "Wallace f C ] 
Cuming Coll. 
Gould ColL 
Swinboe ColL 
Gould Coll 
Gould Coll 

2, PITTA. 
431 

21. Pitta coccinea. 
Pitta coccinea, Bi/ton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 104; BJyih, J. A. S. B. xii. 
p. 961 ; Hume et Bav. Str, F. vi. p. 511 j JIume, Mr. F. viii. 
p. 94 ; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. 419; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 08. 
Pitta granatina, Moore, P. £. 6'. 1854, p. 274; Afrwwv rt Ilorsf. Cat. 
B. Mus. El. C. i. p. 184; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 509 (Malacca): 
Sharpe, P. 2. & 1887, p. 432 (Perak). 
Similar to P. gmnatina, but with only a narrow black front. 

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Tcnasscrim. 

a. S ad. sk, Klaug, Salangore ( W. Damson). Hume Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Malacca. A. 11. Wallace [0.]. 
c~h. Ad. sk. Malacca. Hume Coll. 
z, J. Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay). Swinlioe Coll. 
h, I. Ad. sk. Malacca. Gould Coll. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Mus. 
o. Pull. sk. Malacca. P. L. Sclater [P.]. 
p, q. Ad. sk. Singapore. 
Hume Coll. 

r. $ ad. sk. Mt. OpMr, Malacca (Wardlaw 
Swinlioe Coll. 

Bamsm/). 

s. <$ ad. sk. Larut Hills, Perak. L. Wray ["0.]. 
t-v. 
$ ad.; Johore, Malay Peninsula (W. Davi-Hume Coll. 
x~z. J ad. sk. son). 

22. Pitta arcuata. 
Pitta (Phcenieocichla) arquata, Gould, Ann. N. H. ser. 4, vii. p. 340 

(1871). 

Phoenicocichla arquata, Gray, HandA. iii. p. 344; Gould, Mm. 

Pitt, pi, 9. 

Pitta arquata, Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 69. 

Pitta arcuata, Sahad. Vcc. Born. p. 241; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 203 

(Borneo); Everett, P. Z. & 1887, p. 503 (Kinabulu). 

Above dull green; whole crown and nape and neck above dull 
scarlet; post-superciliary stripe bright blue; lores and sides of 
bead reddish brown; wings dull black, secondaries edged with, 
bluish grey, greater coverts tipped with blue; tail blackish, edged 
with blue: beneath, throat reddish brown, passing into dull scarlet 
on the neck, below which is a bright blue pectoral band; abdomen 
scarlet; bill blackish; feet brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 
3-3, tail 1-5. 

Hab. Borneo. 

The bright blue pectoral band formed by pointed tips to blackish 

feathers renders this species easily distinguishable. 

Gould Coll. ^Type 

a. Ad. sk. Borneo. 
of the species.) 

Sarawak. Swinlioe Coll. 

b. d> ad. sk. 
432 PITTIBJE. 

</. Whole abdomen scarlet, breast-band blue; head brownish red; 
no bright superciliary stripe. (Eryihropitta.) 

Key to the Section *. 

A. With a slight, if any, black lower margin 
to the blue pectoral band. 
a. Cap uniform reddish brown; no red 
nuchal patch. 
a'. Throat-patch black 23. erythrogastra, p. 432. 
b'. Throat-patch brown. 

J Back greenish 27. rufivmitris, p. 484. 
| Back bluish 28. eycmonota, p. 435. 

b. Cap with a blue vertical stripe, and red 
nuchal patch 29. rubrinucha, p. 435. 
B. With a distinct black lower margin to 
the blue pectoral band. 
With a distinct blue vertical stripe; 
throat brownish 30. celebensis, p. 436. 
Vertical stripe absent or evanescent; 
throat black 32. macMoii, p. 436. 

! 

23. Pitta erythrogastra. 
Pitta erythrogastra, Temm. PL Col. 212 (1823); Less. Tr. dJOrn. 
p. 394; Mull $ Schl. Verh. Zool Pitta, p. 18; Blyth, Cat. B. 
Mus. A. S. B. p. 157; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Schkg. Mm. B.-B. 
Pitta, p. 8 (1863) et p. 12 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106; 
Wardl. Ramsay, Ibis, 1884, p. 334. 
Brachyurus erythrogaster, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; JElliot, Mon. Pitt. 

pi. xvi.; id.'Ibis, 1870, p. 417. 
Ooloburis erythrogaster, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 5. 
Erythropitta erythrogastra, Bp. Consp. Vol. Ankod. p. 7 ; Waldenf 

Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 187; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 546,1878, p. 948, 
et 1879, p. 71; Wardl, Ramsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 657. 

Above dull green, slight neck-band and rump blue ; head reddish 
brown; wing-feathers black, with a white speculum on the primaries; 
secondaries and greater coverts edged with blue; lesser coverts 
green like the back, with a white spot at the bend of the wing; 
tail blackish, edged with blue: beneath, chin brown, passing into 
a large black guttural patch, in the centre of which the feathers 
are white at the base; pectoral band blue; abdomen crimson; bill 
black; feet brown: whole length 6*4 inches, wing 3*9, tail 1*4. 
Female similar. 

Eab. Philippine Islands. 

a. Ad.; b. Jr. st. Philippine Islands {Cuming). Purchased. 
c. S ad. sk. Zamboanga, Philippines. • Challenger ' Exp. 
d. $ ad. sk. Zamboanga, Philippines. BL Everett [0.]. 
* Species 24, 25, 26, and 31, of which I haye not been able to examine 
specimens, are not included in the Key. 

2. PITTA. 433 
e,f. 6 2 ad.; g. $ jr.
. sf.
• • A a 7 TZ7J\f V Jr ' sk '
ASJ" i 
Zamboanga, Mindanao 
(Everett). 
Basila n (-^ratf). 
Manila, Luzon. 
Philippines. 
Tweeddale ColL 
Tweeddale Coll, 
Tweeddale ColL 
J. Gould, Esq. 
m-o. Ad. sk. Philippines. Gould Coll. 

24. Pitta propm<iua. 
Brachyurus propinquus, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. % ZooL i. 
p. ooO. 
Similar to P. erythrogastra, but back and scapulars cobalt-blue 
with a greenish band across; throat entirely brownish black, 
becoming jet-black on the fore-neck; chest bright blue, sides only 
greenish. (Sharpe.) 

Hah. Philippines, Mindanao. 
Only two specimens obtained by Prof.Steere, of which the one in 
the Collection, is immature. 

a. 6 
jr. sk Dumalon, Philippines. Prof. Steere [0.]. (Typical 
specimen.) 
25. Pitta caeruleitorques. 
Pitta caerulitorcjues, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. ix. p. 53 (1876); 
Rowley, Orn. Misc. ii. p. 824, pi. Ixiv.; Gotdjl, £. N. Gruin. 
pt. vii. pi 4. 

Similar to P. erythrogastra, but cap of a uniform re<l, which 
colour becomes very bright on the neck; the two obscure bands on 
the sides of the cap absent; the sides of the head and the throat of 
a reddish brown; the blue of the breast more extended transversely, 
and divided from the red of the abdomen by a distinct 
black band 5 the dimensions rather larger. 
Hob. Petta, Sanghir Islands. 

26. Pitta kochi 
Pitta kochi, 
Brilggem, AbhandL nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 65, pi, iii. 
fig. 6 ; Ousialet, Bull. Soc. Bhil sex. 7, vi. p. 256; Gould, B. Asia, 

v. pi. 71. 
Erythropitta kochi, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 430, pi. xxvi. 
This species was based on a specimen in the Darmstadt Museum, 
of which Mr. Gould gives the subjoined description:— 

" General colour above-, dull olive-brown, with ^ somewhat of a 
ruddy tint on the sides of the neck and mantle; wing-coverts lilac-
grey, the primary-coverts and quills blackish brown; the primaries 
externally greyish towards their ends; the secondaries and inner 
greater coverts olive-brown, washed with lilac-grey on the outer 
webs; the second, third, and fourth primaries with a large white 
spot on the inner web, the last-named having the white spot on the 

VOL. XIV. 
* * 

434 PITTID2E. 

outer web as well; upper tail-coverts and tail lilac-grey, the latter 
darker; forehead and crown, as well as the lores, region of the eye, 
and oar-coverts dark brown, the latter slightly shaded with an olive 
tinge; nape and hind neck dull red; cheeks ashy brown, with a 
bluish shade under certain lights, forming a very broad moustache : 
throat reddish in the centre, brown on the sides, forming a malar 
stripe; the fore-neck red with a tinge of lilac; chest lilac-grey, the 
sides olive-brown; remainder of under surface of body scarlet, the 
sides olive-brown, with which colour the centre of the abdomen 
is washed; under tail-coverts scarlet, the longer ones tipped and 
edged with lilac-blue; thighs ashy grey; under wing-coverts dull 

lilac-blue, some of the outer ones tipped with white; axillaries 
olive-brown, like the back; quills ashy brown below, relieved by the 
before-mentioned white spots on the primaries. Total length 7*5 
inches, culmen 1-2, wing 4*7, tail 2*2, tarsus 2*1." 

Hob. Luzon, Philippines. 
The large size and dark brown ear-coverts are the distinguishing 
features of this Pitta. to 

27. Pitta rafiventris. 
Coloburis rufiventris, Cab. et Heine, J. f. 0. 1859, p. 406. 
Pitta inornata, G. P. Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 350. 
Brachyurus rufiventris, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xix. * id. Ibis, 1870, 

p. 418. 
Pitta rufiventris, Schlep. Vog. Ned. 2nd. Pitta, pp. 17, 34; id. Mm. 
P.-B. Pitta, p. 7 (1863), et p. 12 (1874); id. Ned. Tijdsehr. iii. 

p. 189,-Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 105, 106; Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Genov. vii. p. 777, xvi. p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 401. 
Erythropitta rufiventris, Gray, PLandA. i. p. 296. 
Above dull green, rump blue; head reddish brown; wing-feathers 
black, with a white speculum on the primaries, secondaries and 
coverts edged with bluish green; tail blackish with blue edgings : 
beneath, throat brown, broad breast-band blue narrowly margined 
with blackish below ,* abdomen scarlet; bill horn-colour; feet 
brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 1*5. Female similar. 
Bab. Batchian and Halmaheira (Gilolo), also Dammar and Obi. 
The combination of the nniform reddish head with an earthy-
brown throat and green back distinguishes this species. 

a, b. 3 ad. sk. Batchian. A. E. Wallace, Esq. 
, 4 , (Types of P. inornata ?) 
c, d. Ad. sk Batchian ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Batchian. Purchased. 
/ . S ad. sk Batchian. H. Seebohm, Esq. 
&• Jr- sk Gilolo {Bernstein).
[P.]. 
Gould Coll. 
h. S ad.; i. Ad. Gilolo. A. K. Wallace rC.l 
sk L J 
j . 2 ad.; ksk. 
1 Jr'8k< Ad, Gilolo (Wallace). Celebes (?). Gould Coll. Gould Coll. 

2. 
PITTA. 435 
28. Pitta cyanonota. 
Pitta 
cyanonota, G. P. Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 351; Schleg. Yog. 
Neh P£ 18' SB'" id' Mus'

^? tt f t 
P'^-&tta; P. 8 (1868), et 

T^^7ir ii!

?ol? (18 $ J *^ ^-- P. 188, iv. p. 15 f Wallace, Ibis,

1864, pp. 105, 186; <*>«#, 5. iVm (frfa,*, pt. xi. pi. 2; S« W 
-4*w. ifcto. Qiv. Genov. xvi. p. 185; «tf. On. P<MJ. ii p 402 
Brachyurus cyanonotus, Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pi. xx.; id Ibis'J 1870 

p. 43 8. ' 
Erythropitta cyanonota, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 296. 
Similar to P. rufiventris, but whole back, rump, and wing-coverts 
uniform dull blue. 
Bab. Ternate and Guebe. 

The occurrence of this species in the island of Guebe *, on the further 
side of Halmaheira, as well as in Ternate, is a very singular 
fact in distribution, if authentic, as the corresponding species in the 

intervening island is P. ruflventris. 
a. tf ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace [C.~\ 
b. Ad. sk. Ternate.
(Type of the species.) 
Tweeddale Coll. 
c. Jr. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Ternate {Meyer). 
Celebes (?). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Menado, Celebes (?). Hume Coll. 

29. Pitta rubrinucha. 
Pitta rubrinucha, Wall P. Z. S.1862, p. 187, et 1863, p. 25 • id. Ibis, 
1864, p. 106; Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 188; id. Mus. P.-P. 
Pitta (1874), p. 12; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. vii. pi. 7; Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. viii. p. 375, xvi. p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii. 

p. 393. 
Brachyurus rubrinucha, Mliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xviii.; id. Ibis, 1870, 
p. 418. 
Erythropitta rubrinucha, Gray, Mand4. i. p. 297. 
Above dull green; wing-feathers black, with a white speculum on 
the primaries; lesser coverts edged with bluish, and with a white 
spot on the bend of the wing; head reddish brown, with a blue 
vertical stripe and scarlet patch on the nape ; tail bluish : beneath, 
throat and sides of head brown, passing into blackish brown on the 
fore neck and into greyish on the ear-coverts; breast-band clear 
greyish blue, with a very slight blackish inferior margin ; abdomen 
scarlet; bill horn-colour; feet brown ; whole length 7 inches, wing 
3-8, tail 1-5. 

Hob. Bomrou. 
The scarlet nuchal patch at once distinguishes this species. 


a. 
S ad.; b. £ jr.; c. Bourou. A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
Jr. sk. (Types of the species.) 
* 
Cf. Schlegel, Mus. P.-B., Pitta (1874), p. 13. 
2x2 

PITTED JB. 

436 

30. Pitta celebensis. 
Pitta celebensis, Western. Bijdr. t. d. JDierh. i. p. 46, Pitta, pi. 3 ; 
GrToTA i. p. 213; Wallace, Ibis, I860, p. 142, et 1864, 
r> 106 : ScMeg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 17, pi. 4. fig. 4 ; id. Mus. 
JP.-B. Pitta, p. 6 (1863), et p. 10 (1874); Gould, B. New Gum. 
pt vii pi. 6; Briigg. Abh. nab. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 64 (Celebes) ; 
Gmliemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 552 (Celebes) ;tfa/ww*. -4rt». Mus. 
Civ. Genov. vii. p. 663. 
Brachyurus celebensis, P£>. <7o»*p. 1. p. 255; -E^otf, Mon. Pitt. 
pi. xvii.; «& 2B&, 1870, p. 418. 
Erythropitta celebensis, Bp. Consp. Vol Anuod. p. 7 5 JKeyer, 25^, 
1870, p. 126. 

Above dull green; slight cervical collar and rump blue; head 

reddish brown, with a blue vertical stripe; wing-feathers black, with 

a white speculum on the primaries, coverts edged with blue; tail 

black, edged with bluish; beneath, throat brown, passing into a 

black neck-patch; broad pectoral band greyish blue, passing into 

green at the sides and bordered below by a chestnut-black band ; 

abdomen scarlet; bill horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 7 

inches, wing 4, tail 1*6. Female similar. 

Hah. Celebes. 

a, b. d 2 ^d. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. A. E. Wallace [C.]. 

c. Ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
d, e. (S 2 ad. sk. Macassar, Celebes. A. E. Wallace [C/J. 
f~h. Ad. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll. 
I d &d. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. S.W. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
31. Pitta palliceps. 
Pitta palliceps, Briiggem. Abh. nab. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 64. 
Nearest to P. celebensis, but rather smaller, bill longer and 
differently shaped; head very bright; nape rusty yellowish; no 
black band on the breast. (Bruggemann.) 

Bab. Siao, Sanghir Islands. 

32. Pitta mackloti 
Pitta mackloti, Temm. PL Col. 547 (1834); Mull $ ScMeg. Verh* 
Zool Pitta, pp. 12, 18; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213: id. P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 175,1859, p. 155, 1861, p. 434; id. Cat. B. Neio Guinea, 

p. 26; Sclat. Proc. linn. JSoc. ii. p. 158; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 99 
(New Britain); ScMeg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 15, pi. 4. n>. 3; 
id. Mus. P.~B. Pitta, p. 7 (1863) et p. 10 (1874) ; id. Ned. Tijdschr. 
iii pp. 188, 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 102, 105, 106: Eretft, 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 319 (Cape York); Gould, Suppl B. Austral 
pi. 29; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 778, x. p 128 xiv 
p. 656, xvi. p. 185; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 324; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 395; 
Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 187, iii. p. 277, iv. p 98 • 
Gmliemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 643 (Salwatti, Waigiou, Mysol) \ 
Nehrkorn, J.f. 0.1885, p. 33 (eggs). J 
2. PITTA. 
437 

Brachyurus raackloti, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Wallace, Ann. iV. H. 

ser. 2, xx. p. 477; Rosenb. Nat Tifdschr. xxv. p. 232: id. J. f. 0. 

1864, p; 119; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 418. 

Erythropitta mackloti, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Gray, Mand-L 

i. p. 296. 
Brachyurus (Erythropitta) macldoti, Elliot, Mon. Pitt pL 21. 
Pitta digglesi, Krefft, Ibis, 1869, p. 350. 
Pitta strenua, Gould, MS.; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 410 (New Guinea). 
Pitta novse-hibernise, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. 8oc. N. S. W. iii. p. 73 
[cf. Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 324]. 

Above dull green; rump, upper tail-coverts, and wing-covert 
blue ; wing-feathers black, with a large white speculum on the primaries 
; head reddish brown, with an obscure patch on the vertex, 
winch sometimes becomes bluish: beneath, chin brown, passing 
Into a large black guttural patch; broad breast-band greyish blue, 
bordered below by a wide black margin; abdomen scarlet; bill 
born-colour; feet brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 1*6. 
Female similar. 

Hob. "Waigiou, Salwatti, Mysol, New Guinea, Aru Islands, 

Cape York, and New Britain. 

This form is closely allied to P. celebmsis, but there are only 
traces of the blue vertical stripe in certain individuals, and this 
is b y no means constant. Curiously enough this feature is most 
apparent in specimens from the extreme ends of the range, Mysol 
and New Britain. Besides this the throat is much blacker in P. 
macTcloti,BJi^L there are no traces of the blue collar at the back of 
th e neck. 

a. cS ad. sk. Mysol. Tweeddale Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Mysol. Gould Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Waigama, Mysol (Bern- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f- d$ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. R. Wallace ["C."|. 

g. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. E. Wallace [C]. 
hj i. Ad. sk. New Guinea (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. New Guinea (?). Gould Coll. 
(Erythropitta strem/a, Gould MS.) 
k,Z.d2 ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. B. Wallace [C.]. 

m. Jr.sk. Cape York. Tweeddale Coll. 
n-p. Ad.; q. Cape York. Gould Coll. 
r. Ad. pk. Somerset, Cape York. Gould Coll. 
s. 
Ad. sk. Somerset, Cape York Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Cockerell $ Thorpe), 
t. u. Ad. sk. N. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Jr. sk. East Cape, New Guinea. K. Hunstein [0. |. 
w. Ad. sk. Port Moresby, New A. Goldie [O.J. 
Guinea. 
x Jr.sk. New Britain (Kleinschmidt). GodeflroyMus. 
v Ad. sk. New Britain (Finsch). Tweeddale Coll. 
z Ad. sk. New Britain (Brown). Tweeddale Coll. 
a', b'. Ad. sk. Kalahadai, New Britain Sclater Coll. 

(Brotm). 
c\ Ad, sk. Loc. ign. Gould Coll. 

PITTIDJE. 

h*. Back bright green, with a rump-band of light shining blue; 
head black or chestnut surrounded by black ; crissum scarlet; 
sexes similar. (Melanopitta.) 

Key to the Section. 

A, Whole head and throat black. 

a. Wing-end white with a black tip. 
( Smaller 33. atricapilla, p. 438. 
J Larger 34. maelleri, p. 439. 
j Largest 35. sanghirana, p. 440. 
h. Wing black, with a white speculum: 
jflanks green 36. nova-guinea, p. 440. 
jflanks purple 38. rosenbergi, p. 441. 
c. Wing black; tail green 39. forstmi, p. 442. 
B. Head and nape black; throat white 40. steerii, p. 442. 
C.' Sides 
of head and throat black; crown 
chestnut • • 41. cucullata, p. 442. 


D. Crown, sides of head, and throat blacky sides 
of crown chestnut 42. iris, p. 444. 
33. Pitta atricapilla. 
Merula viridis atricapilla moluccensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 319 (?). 
Merle des Philippines, Daub. PI Bnl. 89 ? 
Breve des Philippines, Buff. Hist Nat Ois. iii. p. 412 (?). 
Turdus sordidus, P. L. S\ Muller, Natursyst jSuppl. p. 143, no. 51 


(1776) ? 
Turdus brevicauda, Bodd. Tabl d. PI Bnl p. 6 (1783) ? 
Corvus brachyurus, var. ft. philippensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 375 (?). 

•Citta nielanocephala, WagL Syst. Av. Corvus, no. 14 (1827). 
Pitta atricapilla, Less.. Tr. d'Orn. p. 394 (1831); id. Compl d. 
Buffon,x>. 501 (1848); Temm. PL Col Tab, MSth. p. 16 (1832) • 
Gray, Gen. B. i, p. 214 ; Gould, B. Asia, v, pi. 76. 

Brachyurus atricapillus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Mliot, Mon. Pitt 

pi. xxv. 
Melanopitta atricapilla, Bp. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 7* 
Coloburis brevicauda, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5. 
Melanopitta sordida, Tweedd. P. Z. & 1878, p. 949; id. Trans. Zool. 

Soc. ix. pp. 187,250; Wardl. Bamsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 657. 
Brachyurus sordidus, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 331; 

Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 419 (part). 
Pitta sordida, Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 321 (Palawan). 
Pitta philippensis, Midi fy Schl verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19; SchL Mus, 

P.-B. Pitta, p. 2 ^1863), et p. 5 (1874). 
Pitta macrorhyncha, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 3 (1831). 
Pitta leucoptera, Blliot, Proc. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1861, p. 153 (?). 

Above green; whole head, neck, and throat black; lesser wing-
coverts and broad rump-band bright shining blue; primaries white, 
tipped with black; tail black, slightly tipped with bluish; abdomen 
green, with a central patch of black mixed with red; lower belly 

* I have not seen specimens of P. mafoorana of this section (no. 37), and 
have consequently not placed it in the Key. 
2. 
PITTA. 439 
and crissum scarlet; under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet 
dark brown: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 4*5, tail 1*4. Female 
similar. 

Hah. Philippines. 
The amount of white in the wing-end varies much, even in 

individuals from the same locality. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. (S ad. sk. 
c. J ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
f~m. $ ad.; n-
p. 
$ ad. sk. 
q. Jr. sk. 
r-t. Ad. sk. 
u. Ad. sk. 
v. Ad. sk. 
w. Jr. st. 
Manila, Luzon (Maitland-

Heriot). 
Luzon (Meyer). 
Negros (Meyer). 
Basilan. 
Zamboanga, Mindanao. 
Zamboanga, Mindanao 

(Everett). 

Puerto Princesa, Palawan. 
Philippines. 
Philippines. 
Carniguin, Philippine Islands. 
Philippine Islands (Cuming). 


Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Prof. Steere [0.]. 

A. Everett [0.1 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Prof. Steere [0.1 

Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

34. Pitta muelleri. 
Pitta 
atricapilla, Mull 8f ScM. Verh. Zool Pitta, pp. 8, 19; Mull. 
Verh. Ethn. p. 405; Horsf. et Moore, Cat B. Mus. E.L Co. 

i. p. 399; ScM. Bandl EierJc. i. p. 254; id. Voq. Ned. Ind. Pitta, 
p. 6, pi. ii. figs. 2, 3; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p.' 3 (1863), et p. 5 
(1874); Pelz. Novara-Beise, Tog. pp. 70, 1G1; Gould, B. Asia, 
v. pi. 76. 
Brachyurus muelleri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxvi.; 
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 104 (Labuan); id. Ibis, 1877, p. 10 
(Borneo). 

Pitta muelleri, Scl P. Z. S. 1863, p. 215; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106; 
Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 62; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 240 ; 
Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263; id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 346 (Labuan), et 
1881, p. 798 (Borneo); Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra), et 
1883, p. 88 (Borneo) ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 413. 

Ooloburis muelleri, Cab. et Jffein. Mus. JECein. ii. p. 4. 
Melanopitta muelleri, Bp. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 7; Walden, Ibis, 


1872, p. 374. 
Brachyurus sordidus, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 419 (part.). 
Pitta malaccensis, Mull fy ScM. Verh. Zool Pitta, p. 19. 


Similar to P. atricapillct, but of rather larger dimensions. 
Eah. Borneo, Sumatra, and Banka. 


a. Ad.; b. Jr. st. Borneo. 
Purchased. 
c. 5 ad. sk. Bintulu, Borneo. Purchased. 
d,e. $ P &d. sk. Marup, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk. Lawas River, Borneo. H. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. 


g. Ad sk. Sarawak, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll. 
h. $ jr. sk. Jambuaan, Borneo. Gould Coll. 
i,j. Ad. sk. Borneo. J. Gould, Esq. 
Jc-p. Ad. sk. Labuan (low). B. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
q. Jr. sk. Labuan. 
Sir H. Low [0.]. 
44 0 PI0OTD.2E. 
r Ad sk*.' Ad!; tu, Jr. sk.
•». Ad. sk. 
? ad.; 
Banka. 
Sumatra. 
_ 
Timor (?). 
Gould Ooll. 
A. E. Wallace [0.]. 
_ , .. 
Purchased. 

35. Pitta sangMrana, 
Pitta 
atricapilla sanghirana, Schleyel, Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 190 
(1806). 

Pitta sangMrana, Meyer in Bowlegs Orn. Mm. n. p. 329, pi. Ixv.; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. ix. p. 54; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 411. 

Similar to P. muelleri, kit rather larger. 

Hob. Sanghir Islands. 

It would be more logical, perhaps, to unite this and the two 
preceding species, but I prefer to leave matters as I find them for 
the present. 

a. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Gould Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk, Sanghir Islands. Purchased. 
d. $ ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Tweeddale Coll. 
36. Pitta novae-gninese. 
Pitta atricapilla; Quoy et Qaim. Voy. Astr., Zool. i. p. 258, pi. 8. fig. 3. 
Pitta novse-guineas, Mull, et Schley. Verh. Zool Pitta, p. 19; Gray, 
Gen. B. i. p. 214; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 175 (Am), 1859, p. 156, 
1861, p. 434 (Myeol); id. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 26; Scl Broc. 
Linn. Soc. ii. p. 158; Schley. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 7, pi. 2. fig. 4; 
id. Mus. P-P. Pitta, p. 4 (1863), et p. 6 (1874) ; id. Ned. Tijdschr. 

iii. p. 189, et iv. pp. 15,16; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 102,105,106; 
XAlbertis, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 531; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. 
p. 798; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p> 777, viii. p. 398, 
ix. p. 37, x. p. 128, xvi.p. 184; id. Orn. Bap. ii. p. 380 ; Salvad. et 
d'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 84; Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc, 
Zool xiii. p. 315, xiv. p. 687; Ramsay, Broc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 
iii. p. 277, iv. p. 98; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. iv. pi. 1; Guillem. 
P. Z. S.1885, p. 643 (Mysol, Salwatti, Batanta). 
Brachyurus novae-guineae, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Wallace, Ann. N. JT. 
ser. 2, xx. p. 477; Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 232 ; 
id. J.f. 0.1864, p. 119; JEffiot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420. 

Melanopitta novse-guineae, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7. 
Brachyurus (Melanopitta) novae-guinese, JSlliot, Mon. Bitt. pi. xxvii. 


Above bright green; whole head, neck, and throat black; lesser 
wing-coverts and narrow rump-band (sometimes almost obsolete) 
bright silver-blue; wing-feathers black, with a small white speculum 
; tail blackish, edged with green; abdomen dark green, tinged 
with bluish on the flanks, with a black median patch : lower belly 
and crissum scarlet; under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet 
brown: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4, tail 1*5. Female similar. 

Hab. "New Guinea, "Waigiou, Batanta, Salwatti, Mysol, Gagie, 
and Aru Islands. 

2. PITTA. 441 
The very narrow rump-band and dark belly readily distinguish 
this species from the three preceding. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b, c. <£ ad. sk. 

d. Ad. sk. 
ej. 6 *d.;ff. 
$ ad. sk. 
Ji-m. Ad. sk. 

n. Ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
jo. 3 ad. sk. 
£. c? ad. sk. 
r. Ad. sk. 
s. Ad. sk. 
Aleya, S-E. New Guinea 

(Dr. James). 

Dorey, N. Guinea. 
New Guinea ( Wallace). 
Aru Islands. 


Aru Islands. 
Salwatti. 
Salwatti. 
My sol (Bosenberg). 
Mysol. 
Gagie Island. 
New Guinea (?). 


Gould Coll. 

A. R. Wallace [0.1. 
Gould Coll. 
A. E. Wallace [0.]. 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 


A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
Purchased. 
Sarvin-Godinan Coll. 
37. Pitta mafoorana. 
Pitta nov03-guinege mafoorana, Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta (1874), 
p. 8; Meyer in Howl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 268. 
Pitta maforeana, Becea?ij Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 709; id. 
Ibis, 1876, p. 248. 
Pitta maforensis, Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. vii. pi. 5. 
Pitta mafoorana, Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov, xvi. p. 184 j id. 

Orn. Pap. ii. p. 386. 

Similar to P. novce-guinece, but without any white speculum; 
tail black, tipped with green ; greater tail-coverts black, edged with 
bine, smaller tail-coverts pale metallic green; blue on the abdomen 
darker. (Schlegel.) 

Hdb. Mafoor Islands, Bay of Geelvink. 

38. Pitta rosenbergi. 
Pitta 
rosenbergi, Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. iv. p. 16 (1873); id. Mus. 
P.-B. Pitta (1874), p. 8; Hosenb. Peist. n. d. Geehinhb. p. 138 j 
Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 709 j id. Ibis, 1876, p. 247; 
Gould, B. New Guin. pt. iv. pi. 2; Rowley, Oi-n. Misc. ii. p. 264, 
pi. lxii.; JSalvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 184; id. Orn. Pap. 

ii. p. 387. 
Similar to P. novce-guinece^ but sides of the abdomen deep purple, 
tail and greater tail-coverts black, and black of the throat rather 
more extended over the neck. 

Bab. Msori and Soek Islands, New Guinea. 

a. $ Ad. sk. Kordo, Misori I., Bay of Gould Coll, 
Geelvink (Meyer). 
b. Ad. sk. Soek L, Bay of Geelvink Gould Coll. 
(Meyer). 
c. <$ ad. sk. Soek I., Bay of Geelvink Tweeddale Coll. 
(Meyer). 

442 
PITTJDJE. 

39. Pitta forsteni. 
Pitta melanocephala, Mull. § Sohl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19; Westerm. 
Bijclr. t. d. Dierk. i. p. 4(3, Pitta, pi. 2; 0r«y, Gte». -& i. p. 214; 
Sehleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 3, pi. 2. fig. 1; itf. Mm, P.-B. 
Pitta, p. 4 (1863), et p. 9 (1874) ; Wallace, Ibis, 18l>4? p. 106. 

Brachyimis forsteni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256 - JS^, Moid. Pitt. pi. xxiv.; 
id. ibis, 1870, p. 419. 
Melanopitta forsteni, 2?^. #msp. FoJ. Anisod. p. / ; J£e$#>r, Ibis, 
1879, p. 126. 
Pitta forsteni, Gould, B. Neio Guinea, pt. i. pi. 7. 

Above green ; whole head, neck, and throat black; lesser wing-
coverts and rump-band bright silver-blue; tail above green ; wing-
feathers black; abdomen green like the back, but rather clearer, 
with a black median patch; lower belly and crissum scarlet; under 
wing-coverts black; bill black; feet pale brown : whole length 7'5 
inches, wing 4-7, tail 1*8. Female similar. 

Hab. Celebes. 
Immediately distinguishable by its large size, green tail, and 
uniform black remiges. 

a. Ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. Gould Cull. 
b, c.Jr.sk. Celebes (?). Gould Coll. 
40. Pitta steerii. 

Brachynrus steerii, Sharpe, Nature, xiv. p. 297 (1876); id. Tram, 

Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 329, t. xlix. 
Melanopitta steerii, Tioeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 949 (Zamboanga). 
Pitta steerii, Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 74. 
Cyanopitta steerii, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pi. 8. 

Above green: whole head and nape above black; wing-coverts 
and rump-band bright silver-blue; tail black: beneath, throat white, 
abdomen bright silver-blue; middle of belly jet-black; crissum 
scarlet; under wing-coverts black ; bill black ; feet brown ; whole 
length 7 inches, wing 4*9, tail 1*7. 

Hab. Philippines. 
It is impossible to mistake this noble species, distinguished at 
once by its pure white throat and silver-blue under surface. 

a. $ 
jr. sk. Dumalon, Mindanao. J. B. Steere [0.]. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Zamboanga {Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
41. Pitta cuctdlata. 
Pitta cueullata, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 65; Blyth, Oat B. Mm. 
A. 
S. B. p. 157; Striekl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 410; t. xxi.; Grat/f 
Gen. B. i. p. 213; id. Cat Mamm. <$• B. Nepaul p. 40: Moore, 
P. Z. S. 1854, p. 274; Cassin, Orn. U.S. JSxpL Erp.ed. 2, p. 437ScMeg. 
Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 4 (1863) et p. 5 (1874); Jerd. B. Ind. 
i. p. 504; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106; Datison, Sir. F. v. p. 457 ; 
Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 243; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 94; Oates, 
2. PITTA. 
443 
B; Brit. JBurm. i. p. 414; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 509 (Perak); 
Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 82; Sahad. Ami. Mus. Civ. G&nov. ser. 2, 
vol. i v . p. 597 (Bkanio). 

Brachyurua cucullatus, Bp. Consp. I. p. 255; JElliot, Man. Pitt. 
pi. xxviii.: id. Ibis, 1870, p. 420; Hmne, Sir. F. iii. p. 100; Blyth, 

B. JBtirm. p. 98. 
Coloburis cucullata, Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 4. 
Melanopitta cucullata, JBp. Consp. Vol. Ayiisod. p. 7. 
Pitta mgrieollis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 960 (184;)); id. Ibis, 1800, 
p. 374. 
" Pitta rodogaster, Kodgs.,1' Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 901. 
Pitta inalaocensis, Mull, ty Sclil. Vevh. Zool Pitta, p. 19. 
Pitta coronata, Peak, Oni. U.S. Expl. Eip. ed. 1, p. 89. 
Pitta "bangkana, Schl Vog. Ned. lid. p. 8, pi. 2.fig. 5; id. Mm. P.-B. 
Pitta, p. 3 (1863); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106. 
Braclryuxus bangkana, JElliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420, pi. xiii. fig. 2. 

Above green; sides of bead and nape black, crown chestnut; 
lesser wing-coverts and rump-band silver-blue; wings black, with a 
broad white band across the apical portion of primaries, leaving tho 
wing-end black: beneath bright green ; throat black; central patch 
on belly black; lower belly and crissum scarlet; under wing-
coverts black; bill black; feet brown: whole length 6*5 inches, 
wing 4*5, tail 1*5. 

Hah. Nepal, and thence through Assam and Malay Peninsula to 
Banka Island. 
Except as regards the chestnut cap, this species belongs to the 
typical section of the present group, and is obviously allied to 

P. atricajHlla. 
a. Ad. sk. East Indies. Purchased. 
b-d. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.[ P.J. 
e-h. Ad.; i7 k. Native Sikkim (L. Man- Hume Coll. 
Jr. sk. delli). 
l-t Ad.; u. Jr. sk. Sikkim (£. Mandelli). Hume Coll. 
vi-x. Ad. sk. Daxjeeling. Hume Coll. 

y. Ad. sk. Bhotau Dears (X. M.). Hume Coll. 
*-b\ d ad. sk. Sadhyia, Assam (J. Hume Coll. 
Cochhum). 
c'-f. d ad. sk. Dibrughur, Assam (Jl-B. Hume Coll. 
Cripps). 
& Ad sk. Khasia Hills (Chennell). Tweeddale Coll. 
%. Ad. sk. Tipperah. Hume CoU 
i' f Ad sk. Thayetmyo,Brit.Burmah. Tweeddale Coll. 
Jc'. d ad. ; V. $ Pegu Hills (E. W. Oates). Hume Coll. 
m" " 2 ad.sk. Pegu Hills. ^ R W. Oates [0.1. 
o\ d ad.; j?'. J Amherst, Tenassenm (W. Hume CoU. 
']*.;&. d* jr.sk. Davison), 
r'-a". 
d ad. i h"~ Bankasoon, Tenassenm Hume CoU. 
e". 9 ad. sk. ( W. Davison). _ 


f. d ad. sk. Malewoon, Tenassenm Hume boll. 
(W. Davison), 
g". d 
ad. sk. Tavoy, Tenassenm {W. Hume Ooll. 
Davison). 


444 PITTlDiE. 
h"-r". S ad.; s". Kossooni (J. Darling). Hume Coll. 
o ad. sk. 
t"-v". Ad. sk.
w". Ad. sk. 
Malacca ( W. Davison). 
Malacca 
Hume Coll. 
India Museum. 
x". Ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased. 
y", s". Ad. sk. E. Indies. Gould Coll. 
42. Pitta iris. 

Pitta iris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 17; zV/. ^. ^tor. iv. pi. 3; id. 
Mr. B. Austr. p. 55; id. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 432; Midi. $ Sehl 
Verh. Zool Pitta, p. 14; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 6 (1863) et 

p. 16 (1874) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108. 
Brackyurus iris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxiii. ; 
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 419. 

Above green; whole head and nape black, with a broad stripe 
from behind each eye, joining at the nape, chestnut; lesser wing-
coverts bright silver-blue, tipped with purple; narrow rump-band 
silver-green; tail black, broadly tipped with green : beneath black; 
lower belly and crissum pale scarlet; bill black ; feet brown: whole 
length 6 inches, wing 4, tail 1*4. 

Bab. North Australia. 
The black under surface is quite peculiar to this very distinct 
species, which has no near allies. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Port Essington, N. Australia Gould Coll. 
(McGillivray, Voy. of the 
' Rattlesnake'). 
b. Ad. sk. N. Australia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
e. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Dr. Sibbald [P.], 
d. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Purchased. 
i. 
Cap bright blue; back crimson; throat white; crissum 
not scarlet: sexes different. (L-idijtitta.) 
One species only is known of this peculiar section, which is quite 
unique in its style of plumage, and cannot, I think, be closely 
associated with P. iris, as has been suggested. 

43. Pitta baudi. 
Pitta baudi, Mull, fy Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 10,15, pi. ii.; Gray, 
Gen. B. i. p. 213; Sohleg. Handl. Dierk. i. p. 253 ,• id. Vog. Ned. 
2nd. Pitta, p. 18. pi. v. figs. 1, 2; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 5 (1863), 
et p. 9 (1874); 'Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107 ; Salvad. Ucc. Borneo, 

p. 243; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88; 
Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 72; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 414 (Borneo). 
Brachyurus baudi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxii.: 
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 419. 
Iridipitta baudi, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7. 

Above crimson; nape and sides of head black; crown, rump, and 
tail brilliant blue; wings brownish black; greater coverts with a 

3 . ETTCICBXA. 445 
pure white terminal band; lesser coverts and outer secondaries like 
the back: beneath, throat and spot on each side of the head pure 
white; breast black, passing into purple and blue on the belly; 
under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet brown: whole length 
6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1*4. Female. Above dull crimson, wings 
blackish brown, coverts edged with white, as in male; tail blue: 
beneath dirty brown, throat white. 

Hah. Borneo. 
a. Ad. sk. Borneo. Purchased. 
b, c. <5 $ ad. sk. Sandakan, N.E. Borneo. Gould Coll. 
d. 2 sk, N.W. Borneo. Sir H. Low [C.]. 

3. EUCICHLA. 
Type. 
Eucichla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 2 (1859) E. cyanura. 
This section embraces what are, perhaps, the most gorgeously 

coloured species of the family. Although the tail in E. gurneyi 
and E. ellioti is not so long and pointed as in E. cyanura and its 
allies, I follow Gould in placing the two first-named species in the 
same genus as the latter, to which they are obviously related in 
style of colour. 

Eucichla is found in Tenasserim, Burmah, Siam, Cochin, the Malay 
Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Crown black; tail longer. 
a. "Whole abdomen transversely striped 1. cyanura, p. 445. 
b. Centre of abdomen purple : 
j breast yellow, with transverse bars 2. scliwaneri,^A4&. 
j breast dark purple 3. boschi, p. 447. 
B. Crown blue; tail snorter: 
i:breast ashy green 4. ellioti, p. 448. 
breast black 5. gurneyi, p. 448. 
1. Eucichla cyanura. 
Merle de la Guiane, Daub. PI Enl 355. 
Turdus cyanurus, Bodd. Table d. PI Enl p. 21 (1783); Gm. 8. N. 


i. p. 828; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 801. 
Myiothera cyanura, Cuv. JRegn. An. i. p. 357 (1817). 
Pitta cyanura, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iv. p. 356; id. Enc. Meth. p. 685 ; 
id. Gal Ois. i. p. 246, pi. 153; lesson, Tr. cPOrn. p. 394; Vig. Mem. 
Baffles, p. 659; Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. 8. p. 157 ; Strickl. P. Z. S. 
1846, p. 100; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. El. C.i. p. 183; Gray, 
Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 256 ; id. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 7; 
Mull et 8chl Verh. Zool Pitta, p. 3; 8chl Vog. Ned. Ind. p. 22, 
pi. 6. figs. 1, 2, 3; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 13 (1863), et p. 16 
(1874) ; Beavan, P. Z. S.1866, p. 4; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxix.; 

PITTID^S. 

Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Nicholson, Ibis, 1881, p. 154 (eggs); 
Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 77. 

Eucichla cyanura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Eein. n. p. 2• Gould, Mon. 
Pitt.^% 
Myiotliera affinis, Eorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xm. p. 154. 
Turdus guajanus, Mull. Natursyst. Suppl p. 146 (? ?). 
Pitta guaiana, Elliot, Ibis, 1870; p. 420. 

Above reddish brown; crown and sides of bead black, with a long 
superciliary stripe of bright yellow, which is much broadened on the 
nape; wings blackish brown, greater coverts and some of the 
secondaries edged externally with clear white; tail black, with 
bright blue edgings : beneath, throat and sides of neck pure white, 
bordered below by a narrow purplish-blue ne^k-collar; abdomen 
pale brownish yellow, regularly barred across by black bands ; 
under wing-coverts black, with white margins; small cross bar on 
the inner webs of the primaries white; bill black ; feet pale brown: 
whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 2*5. Female similar, but head 
brown like the back, rather brighter on the superciliaries, and 
ground-colour beneath white, barred as in the male. 

Eab. Java. 

a. o* ad. sk. Java (Eorsfield). India Mus. 
(Type of Myiothera affinis.) 
b. § ad. sk. Java (Eorsfield). India Mus. 
c. 3 ad. sk. Java (Eorsfield). India Mus. 
d,e. d ? ad. sk. Java (Eorsfield). India Mus. 
/. 3 ad. sk. Java (Diard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 3 ad. sk. Java. Salvm-Godman Coll. 
h, i. Ad.; j, k. Java. Tweeddale Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
I, m. <$ ad. j n. E. Indies. J. Gould, Esq. 
$ ad, sk. 


2. Eucichla schwa&erL 
Pitta schwaneri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256 (1850); id. Consp. Vole. 
Anisod. p. 7 j Schley. Eandl. Dierlz. i. p. 254; id. Vog. Ned. Ind* 
Pitta, p. 25; pi. 6. fig. 4; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 14 (1863), et 

p. 17 (1874) ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt pi. xxx.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 421; 
JScl. P.Z.S. 1863, p. 215; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Sahad. 
Ucc. Borneo, p. 243 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263; Nicholson, Ibis, 
1883, p. 88; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 78; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 414 (Borneo). 
Eucichla schwaneri, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pi. 4. 
Above clear reddish brown • crown and sides of head black, with 
long and broad superciliary stripes of bright yellow, which extend 
on to the nape; wings brownish black, greater coverts and some of 
secondaries broadly edged with pure white: tail black, with bright 
purple-blue edgings: beneath, chin white, passing into golden yellow 
on the throat and sides of the neck; breast and belly yellow, with 
regular narrow transverse bars of black; centre of belly and crissum 
deep purple-blue; under wing-coverts black, with white tips; a 


3 . EUCICHIA. 
447 
small bar of white across the inner webs of the primaries at their 
bases ; bill black; feet brown : whole length 7*7 inches, wing 4, tail 
2*5. Female similar, but not so bright; crown brown: under 
surface yellowish white, regularly barred across, and without the 
purple on the abdomen. 

Hah. Borneo. 
This is an exaggerated form of E. cyanura, but quite distinct, 
with its brighter yellow breast and the purple blotch on the abdomen. 

a. c? ad. sk.
b, c. <$ ad. ; d. 2 
Banjermassing {Motley). 
Borneo. 
Wallace Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
ad. sk. 
e. (S ad. sk. Kudat, Borneo {Everett). TVeeddale Coll. 

3. Eucichla boschi. 
Pitta boschi, Mull, fy Schleg. Verk. Zool. Pitta, p. 5, t. i.; Gray, 

Gen. B. i. p. 213; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.L C. i. p. 398 ; 
Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxxi.; id. Ibis, 
1870, p. 421; Tioeedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 309 (Sumatra); Kelham, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 510 (Perak)• Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra); 
Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 83. 
Eucichla boschi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 2; Gould, Mon. Pitt. 

pi. 3. 

Pitta 
elegans, Temm. PL Col 591 texte (1836); Less. Voy. Bonite, 
Zool. p. 78. t. 3; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. p. 26, pi. 6. fig. 5; id. 
Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 14 (1863), et p. 17 (1874); Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 256; id* Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107. 
"Pitta affinis, Baffles;' Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273. 
Above clear reddish brown• front and superciliaries yellow, passing 
into brilliant orange on the occiput- coronal patch and sides of head, 
which unite round the nape, black; wings brownish black, with 
very broad white tips to the greater coverts, and white edgings at 
the ends of some of the secondaries; tail black, broadly edged with 
bright purple: beneath, throat white, passing into pale yellow at 
the sides of the neck; abdomen very dark purple, with the sides of 
the breast crossed by regular narrow bars of reddish orange, which 
bars are faintly perceptible on the middle of the breast; under 
wing-coverts black, with white edgings ; a small white bar across 
the inner webs of the two outer primaries at their bases ; bill black; 
feet brown: whole length 8 inches, wing 3*9, tail 1*5. Female. 
Above similar, but colours not so bright: beneath, abdomen regularly 
barred across throughout, and without the purple colour. 

Hab. Sumatra and Malacca. 
The orange occiput and purple belly at once distinguish this 
splendid species. 

a. S ad. sk. Malacca {Cantor). India Museum. 
b. J ad. sk. Malacca {Cantor). India Museum. 
c. d. $ ad.; e~h. Malacca. Hume Coll. 
2 ad.; i. Jr. sk. 
PITTIDJS. 

448 

j. 
2 ad. sk. Mt. Ophir, Malacca (Wardlauo Tweeddale Coll. 
Ramsay), 
h. Ad. sk. Malacca [Maingay). Tweeddale Coll. 
I. ? ad. sk. Malacca. 
Capt. Pinwill [C.]. 
m. <$ acl. sk. Malacca. India Museum. 
n-p. S 2 ad-sk-5 Malacca. J. Gould, Esq. 
q. g ad.sk. 
r. c? ad. sk. Singapore (?). LordEllenborough[P.]. 
s, t Ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra (Buxton). Tweeddale Coll. 
u, v. tf $ ad. sk. Sumatra. A. E. Wallace [C.]. 
w. o* ad.sk. Sumatra. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
x. § ad.sk. Sumatra. 
Purchased. 
4. Eucichla ellioti. 
Pitta 
ellioti, Oust. Nouv. Arch. d. Mus. x. Bull. p. 101, pi. ii.; id. 
Bull. Soc. Philom. 1878, p. 206; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 66. 
Eucickla ellioti, Gould, Mon. Pitt. pi. 6. 

Above ultramarine blue, shaded with green and brownish; head 

emerald-blue, brighter on the front; band through the eye to nape 

black; tail blue; throat clear blue, breast ashy green; abdomen 

yellow, transversely banded with black; large patch in middle of 

belly dark blue ; crissum black, tipped with blue; back dark reddish 

brown. Female similar, but head and throat brown; back green. 

Hab. Cochin China and Cambodja. 

Apparently a very distinct species, of which I have abbreviated 

the description from Gould's work. Two specimens in the Paris 

Collection are the only examples yet received in Europe. 

5. EucicHa gurneyi. 
Pitta gurneyi, Hume, Sir. F. iii. p. 296, pi. iii., et viii. p. 94; JEume 
et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 244; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 73. 
Eucichla gurneyi, Gould, Mon. Pitt. pi. 5 ; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. 

p. 418. 
Above clear brown; front half and sides of head, extending round 
the nape, black; occiput and nape brilliant blue, with pointed 
feathers; wings blackish brown, inner secondaries slightly edged 
with whitish; tail black, broadly edged with, blue: beneath, chin 
whitish, passing into bright yellow on the throat and sides of the 
neck; abdomen black; flanks yellow, with narrow black cross 
bands; under wing-coverts black, spotted with white; a small 
white cross bar at the bases of the primaries on their inner webs; 
bill black; feet pale brown; whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 
2*1. Female. Above brown ; more yellowish on the head; tail blue; 
sides of head black; beneath dirty white, with narrow black cross 

bars; throat white. 

Hob. Tenasserim. 

The contrast of the bright blue crown and yellow throat with 

the jet-black abdomen renders this one of the most striking species 
of the family. 

449 

4 . COBACOriTTA. 
a. Jad.sk. Laynali, Tenasserim (W. Davison). Hume Coll."! 
o-q. J ad.; Bankasoon, Tenasserim (7F. Davison). Hume Coll. 
r-i'. 2 ad.sk. 
j'- $ ad. sk. Palawtonton, Malawon, Tenasserim Hume Coll. [ 
(W.Davison). C 
h'. $ ad. sk. Malawon, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll. 
I'. (5 ad. sk. Tapraw, Island of Tonkah ( W. Davi- Hume Coll. 

son). ' (Types of the species. )j 
m'9 n'. $ J ad. sk. Bankasoon, Tenasserim ( W.Davison). Gould Coll. 

4. COKACOPITTA*. 
Type. 
Melampitta, Schlegel, Nat. Tijchchr. iv. p. 47 (1873) M. lugubris. 
Until anatomical investigations have been made, it must remain 

doubtful whether this typo should be referred to the Pitticlce or to the 
Timeliidaef. The single species known is restricted to New Guinea. 

Head of Melampitta lugubris. 

It is peculiar for its uniform black plumage, short erect frontal 
plumes, long legs, and comparatively elongated tail. 

1. Coracopitta lugubris. 
Pitta lugubris, Posenb. Heist, n. d. Oeelvinhb. p. 138 (1875). 
Melampitta lugubris, Schlegel, Nat. Tijdschr. iv. p. 47; Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 696; Gould, B. Neiv Guinea, pt. ii. pi. 6; id. Mon. 
Pitta, pi. 10; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 147, et xvi. 
p. 186; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 405. 
Uniform black; bill and feet black: whole length 5-6 inches, 
wing 3-2, tail 17 . 
Hah. New Guinea. 

a. J ad. sk. Arfak Mts., New Guinea. L. Laglaize [C.]. 
* Melampitta, in its correct form Melanopitta, is already in use for a subgenus 
of Pitta. I propose therefore to replace it by Coracopitta. 
t Cf. Salvad. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 405, 

2o 

VOL. XIV. 

450 
XENICIDiE. 

Family VIII. XENICIMJ. 

Onr knowledge that the two peculiar forms of New Zealand— 
AcantJiidositta and Xenicus, are non-Oscinine is entirely due to the 
researches of Eorbes, who investigated their anatomical structure 

in 1882 *. Forbes showed that the syrinx in these two genera is 
A B 
1 1 
Jm m 

Jk S 

A. 
Syrinx of Xenicus longipcs, front view. B. Hind view, m Lateral 
tracheal muscle. (P. Z. S. 1882, p. 570.) 
mesomyodian, and that the presence of a tenth external primary 
and the non-bilaminate tarsus are further indications of their non-
Oscinine affinities. In other points the Xenicidce, as Eorbes named 
the family, conform to the general Passerine type. There is no 
trace of a plantar vinculum, the arrangement of the tensor jpatctgii 
brevis is Passerine, the main artery of the leg is the sciatic, and the 
sternum has a single pair of posterior notches and a bifid manubrium. 


On the whole the Xenicidce must be held to be more nearly allied 
to the Pittidce than to any other Passerine form yet known. But 
they have only 10 rectrices instead of 12—the normal Passerine 
number, and the scutellation of the tarsus is different. 

The two known genera of Xenicidce are entirely confined to New 
Zealand, no Australian form with similar structure having been yet 
met with, although it is quite possible that such may be hereafter 
discovered 

My account of these three birds is freely adopted from Sir W. L. 
Buller's new edition of his ' Birds of New Zealand,' by the kind 
permission of the author. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Bill 
very thin, compressed, pointed; 
tarsi thin, about twice the length of 
the hind toe 1. ACANTHIDOSITTA, p. 451. 
B. 
Bill stouter, more broadened at the 
base; tarsi stouter, longer, more xhan 
twice the length of the hind toe .. 2. XENICUS, p. 452. 
* See P. Z. S. 1882, p. 569. 
1. ACAtfTHIDOSITTA. 
1. ACANIHIDOSITTA. 
Acanthisitta, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1842, pi. 27 A. cSoris. 
Acantlndositta, Butter, B. N. Z. ed. ii. p. 113 (1887) A. chloris. 

As indicated by its name, this form is peculiar for its slender, 
tnorn-like bill. Acanthidositta builds its nest in boles of trees and 
m other cavities, composed of leaves and plants, and lays white eggs. 

1. Acanthidositta chloris. 
Sitta chloris, Sparrm. Mtis. Carls, pi. 33 (1787). 

Acanthisitta chloris, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 219: FinscL J. f, 0.1867. 

P. 320,1870, p. 361, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, pp. 171, 183; Pell 
Verh. Jc.-h zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 316: Mutton, Cat. B. 
ofN.Z. p. 8 (1871); id. Ibis, 1870, p. 392; Forbes, P. Z. & 
1882, p. 569; Buller, B. N. Z. p. 112; id. Man. B. N. Z. p. 15 
(1882). * 

Acanthidositta chloris, Butter, B. N. Z. ed. ii. p. 113. 

Citrine Warbler, Lath. Gen. &y?i. ii. pt. 2, p. 464. 

Motacilla citrina, Gm. 8, N. i. p. 979 (1788). 

Sylvia citrina, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 529. 

Acanthisitta citrina, Gray, List of Gen. 1842, App. p. 6: Ellman* 

Zool. 1861, p. 7466. * ' 

Sitta punctata, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de lAstr. i. p. 221, pi. 18. fts. 1 

(1830). 

Acanthisitta punctata, Gray, List of Gen. 1842, App. p. 6; Fllman. 

Zool. 1861, p. 7466. 
Motacilla citrinella, Forst. JDescr. An. p. 89 (1844). 
Acanthiza tenuirostris, Lafr. JR. Z. 1841, p. 242. 
Acanthisitta tenuirostris, Lafr. May. de Zool. 1842, Ois. pi. 27. 

Upper parts dull green, tinged with yellow on the wings and 
rump; throat, breast, and underparts generally fulvous white, with 
a tinge of yellow on the sides of the body and abdomen; a streak 
over and beyond the eyes and a lower-eyelid fringe of fulvous white; 
wing-feathers black, edged on their outer webs with green, and 
crossed by a band of dull yellow immediately below the coverts, 
which are black: the first tertial white on its outer web; tail-
feathers black, tipped with fuscous; irides and bill dark brown; 
legs and feet paler brown, changing to yellow on the under surface 
of the toes : length 3 inches, wing 1*5, tail -95. Female. Crown, 
hind neck, and upper back olivaceous yellow, each feather margined 
with brown ; lower back and rump olivaceous yellow tinged with 
green ; tail-coverts dull green : beneath buffy white, sides washed 
with yellow; wing-feathers dusky, margined on the outer web and 
marked at the base with olivaceous yellow; superior wing-coverts 
black; outer tertials margined with white; innermost secondary 
with an oblong spot of yellowish white on the outer vane; tail 
black, tipped with fulvous. Young. Duller, and suffused with yellowish 
brown; breast with numerous elongated brown striations, 

Hal. North and South Islands of New Zealand. 
2G2 


452 xENicmas. 
a b Ad. sk. New Zealand. Purchased. 
I S ad.; d, e, New Zealand. Oapt. Stokes [P.]. 
9 ad. sir. „ _ , _. __ 
f (i rf Q ad. sk. New Zealand. %ton Coll. 
V'* (J ad.; j~l New Zealand. Purchased. 
Q ad sk 
m. Ad. 'sk." New Zealand (T7 . J. Parker). Sclater Coll. 
2. XENICUS. _ 
Type. 

Xenicus, G. B. Gray, Cat of Gen. of B. p. 31 (1855) .. X. longipes. 
The larger, longer tarsi and the more broadened bill at once 
distinguish this form from Acanthidositta. 
The nest appears to be like that of Acanthidositta, but of more 
finished construction. The eggs are of a spotless white. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Above dark green; beneath u&ky 1. longipes, p. 452. 
B. Above brown; beneath pale brown 2, gilviventris, p. 453. 
1. Xenicus longipes. 
Long-legged Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 465 (1783). 
Motacilla longipes, Gm. Sgst Nat. i. p. 079 (1788, ex Latli). 
Sylvia longipes, Lath. hid. Orn. ii. p. 529 (1790). 
Acanthisitta longipes, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, App. p. 6 (1842); 


Fllman, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7466. 
Xenicus longipes, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 218; Finsch, J.f.O. 1867, 

p. 320, 1870, p. 251, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, pp. 171,184; Pelz. 
Verh. h-h.zool.-bot Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 316; Butter, Birds of 2sew 
Zealand, p. 115 (1873); id. Ibis, 1874, p. 116; id. Man. B. of 
N Z p. 14 (1882); id. B. of N. Z. ed. ii. p. 108; Button, Cat. 
B. of N. Z. p. 7 (1871); id. Ibis, 1874, p. 37; Forbes, RZ. 8. 
1882, p. 569. 
Xenicus stokesii, Graij, Ibis, 1862, p. 219; Finsch, J.f.O. 1867, 

p. 320,1870, p. 251,1872, p. 109, et 1874, p. 184. 
Upper parts dark green, tinged with yellow, shading into dark 
brown on the forehead and crown ; sides of the head black, with a 
broad superciliary streak of white extending beyond the ears, and 
then changing to yellow; sides, thighs, and rump bright greenish 
yellow; fore-neck, breast, and abdomen cinereous grey, with a 
beautiful gloss (sometimes tinged with cobalt), and softening into 
greyish white on the throat; lining of wings pale yellow; quills, 
on their outer webs, and the tail-feathers olivaceous green ; irides 
and bill brownish black; tarsi and toes pale brown: length 4 
inches, wing 2-25, tail 1. Female. Upper parts umber-brown, 
tinged with yellowish green, especially on the rump; crown shaded 
with purplish brown; superciliary streak white; throat, sides of 
the neck, breast, and upper part of abdomen delicate vinous brown; 
sides of the body, flanks, and thighs duU lemon-yellow; inner 
lining of wings pure yellow. 

Hab. South Island of New Zealand. 

2 . XEOTCTTS. 453 
a. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.], 
h. <? ad. sk. Milford Sound, New Zealand. Colonial Museum. 
c Ad. sk. New Zealand. Gould Coll. 
2. Xenicus gilviventris. 
Xenicus gilviventris, Pelzeln, Verh. 7c.-k zool-hot Ges. Wien, 1807, 
p. 316 j Button, Cat B. ofN.Z. p. 7 (1871) ; Finsch, J.f 0. 1870, 
p. 251,1872, pp. 83,109, et 1874, pp. 171, 184; Butter, Birds of 
New Zealand, p. 117 (] 873); id. Man. B. of N. Z. p. 15 (1882) j id. 
Birds of New Zealand, ed. ii. p. 111. 
Acanthisitta gilviventris, Gray, Band-l i. p. 183. 
Xenicus haasti, Butler, Ibis, 1809, p. 37: Finsch, J. f. 0.1870, p. 251, 
1872, ?. 83, et 1874, p. 184. 
Acanthisitta kaasti, Gray, Hand-L i. p. 183. 

Upper parts dull olive-brown, with a greyish gloss, darker on the 
forehead and crown, and tinged on the back, wing-coverts, and 
rump with yellowish green; sides of the head dark brown, with a 
narrow superciliary streak of fulvous white, widening above the 
ears: underparts delicate purplish brown, with a silky appearance, 
and fading into fulvous white at the base of the lower mandible; 
the sides of the body lemon-yellow; wing-feathers brown, the 
primaries margined on their outer webs with dull olive; the secondaries 
with an apical spot of fulvous on their outer webs; tertials 
and lesser wing-coverts black, forming a conspicuous triangular 
spot; inner lining of wings pale yellow; tail-feathers dull olive; 
irides and bill blackish brown; tarsi and toes pale brown, claws 
darker: length 3*7 inches, wing 2*1, tail 0*75. Female. Similar, 
but upper parts dull yellowish brown, shaded with umber on the 
crown, and tinged with yellowish olive on the wings and rump; 
the superciliary streak less distinct; and the underparts pale 
fulvous, stained on the sides of the body with lemon-yellow. 

Hob. South Island of New Zealand. 

a. Ad. sk. Eimusaka Hills, New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
ETJEYLiEMIDiE. 

Family IX. EURYLiEMID^. 

The Barylcemidoe have heen variously arranged by naturalists, 
but until recently have been usually referred to the neighbourhood 
of Coracias, and considered to be non-Passerine * Nitzsch, in his 
celebrated < Pterylography/ first showed that the pterylosis of 
Eurtjlcemns is that of the Passeres; and Elanchard subsequently 
figured the sternum, and proved that this is also of the Passerine 
form, although the manubrium sterni is unforked, contrary to what 
is generally the case in the typical Passeres t. 

In 1877 t Garrod further showed that the palate of these birds is 
truly Passerine, but that they differ singularly from all other known 
Passeres in the structure of the foot. The tendon of the flexor 

Left foot of CymborhynchusinacrorhyncJms viewed from behind, to show the deep 
plantar tendons, and the vinculum (t>.) which the flexor longus Tialiucis 
(f.l.h.) sends to the tendon of the flexor 'profundus digitorum (f.jp.d.). 
The skin has been turned aside, and the superficial flexors removed ; the 
flexor hallucis longus has been cut short and displaced. 

(P. Z.S. 1880, p. 382.) 
longus hallucis sends out a strong vinculum to join the tendon of 
the flexor profundus digitorum, as is the case in nearly all non-
Passerine birds in which a hallux is developed. • 

* See the author's remarks, Ibis, 1872, p. 177. 
t Ann. Sc. Nat. xi. p. 110 (1850). 
| P.Z.S.1877, p. 447. 
1. CALYPTOMENA. 
In 1880 Forbes took up the subject, and gave us accurate descriptions 
of the trachea of the Eurylcemidce *, which had not been 
previously examined. Ho proved by his study of this organ that the 
Eurylcemidce are Mesomyodians of the non-Tracheophonine division, 
But, looking to the important points of the retention of the plantar 
vinculum and to the non-forked manubrium sterni, Forbes concluded 
that, as had already been suggested by Grarrod, the Eurylcemidce 
ought to form a main division of the Passeres by themselves under 
the title " DESMODACTYLI," while all other Passeres should be 
denominated " ELETJTHERODACTYLI." f 

This view as to the position of the Eurylcemidce is nearly what is 
adopted in the present volume, except that it seems more convenient 
to place them at the end of the other Oligomyodian Passeres, instead 
of after the Tracheopkonce. 

The Eurylcemidce may be considered as one of the typical 
families of the Oriental Region, to which they are strictly confined. 
They are most developed in Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, but extend 
westwards into the sub-Himalayan forests of Northern Bengal and 
eastwards into the Philippine Islands. 

Key to the Subfamilies, 

A. Frontal plumes projecting forwards and 
covering the nostrils; tail very short, 
nearly square; bill short; chin-angle 
carried forward 1. CALYFT OMENING, 
A. 
Frontal plumes recumbent, not covering [p 455. 
the nostrils; tail long, much rounded; 
bill longer; chin-angle not carried 
forward . 2. ETJBYL2EMINM, 
[p. 457. 
Subfamily I. CALYPTOMENINiE. 

1. CALYPTOMENA. Tj^ 
Calyptomena, Baffles, Trans. Linn, Soe.xiii. p.295 (1822).. 0. viridis. 

This genus, which has been variously placed by the older authors, 
is no doubt closely related to the Eurylcemi, of which it is an aberrant 
form. In the structure of the tarsi, pterylosis, form of the sternum, 
and other essential points, the two groups nearly approximate, 
although, as Mr. Davison tells us, they by no means agree in habits, 
food, or note. To the typical species, which extends from Tenasserim 
to Borneo, a second, highly developed form from Kinabalu 
has recently been added. 

* P.Z.S. 1880, p.383. 
t Forbes, P.Z.S. 1880, p. 391. 
1 . EUEXJDiEMIDiE. 
456 

Key to the Species. 

A. Smaller: neck in front green like the body . . 1. viridis p. 466. 
B. Larger: large neck-patch black 2. whiteheadi, p. 457 
1. Calyptomena viridis. 
Calyptomena viridis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 295 (Sumatra) > 
Eorsf. Zool. Res. pi. 53; Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 102 (Malacca) ; 
Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. p. 196; id. B. Burm. p. 124; Horsf. 
$ Moore, Cat B. E.I. Co. Mus. i. p. 120; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, 

p. 267 (Malacca) ; Sol P. Z. S. 1863, {>. 214 (Borneo); Walden, 
Ibis, 1872, p. 369 (N. Borneo) ; Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. 
xiii. p. 452; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 106 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. 
xiv. p. 197 (Sumatra) ; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), et 
viii. pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula); STiarpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 22, et 
1879, p. 263 ; id. P. Z. & 1881, p. 798 (Borneo); Tieteddale, Ibis, 
1877; p. 317 (Sumatra) ; Hume $ Davison, Str. F. vi. pp. 86,499 
(Tenasserim) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra) ; Oates, B. 
Brit Burm. i. p. 422; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 (Borneo). 
Rupicola viridis, Temm. PL Col. 216 (1823). 
Pipra viridis, Wagl Isis, 1830, p. 929. 
Calyptomena ramesia, Siv. An. in Menag. p. 296 (1838). 
Calyptomena caudacuta, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 296 (1838). 


Bright shining green, rather duller on the belly; a small spot in 
front of the eyes bright yellow; concealed spot at the base of the 
frontal plumes, a large spot behind the ear-coverts, and three bands 
across the wing-coverts black; ends of outer primaries and inner 
portions of rest of wing-feathers also black; bill yellowish; feet 
horn-colour: whole length 6 inches, wing 4*2, tail 1*5. Female 
similar, but not so bright; black spots absent; inner portions of 
wing-feathers brownish black. 

Hab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java(f), and Borneo, 

a-e. $ ad.; d. Amherst, Tenasserim (Davison) Hume Coll. 
$ jr.; e. Ad. sk. 
/ . c? ad. sk. Palawtonton, Tenasserim (DawHume 
Coll. 
son). 

g. § ad. sk. Laynah, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll. 
h~o. cJ ad.; p-s. Bankasoon, Tenasserim (Davi-Hume Coll. 
2 ad. sk. son). 
t 2 ad. sk. Malewoon, B. Burmah (DaviHume 
Coll. 
son). 
u-20. S ad.; x, Nwalaboo, Brit. Burmah (Daw-Hume Coll. 

y. $ ad. sk. son), 
z. c? ad.; «'. $ Tavoy, Brit. Burmah (Davison). Hume Coll. 
jr. sk. 
b'-m'. $ ad. ; IQang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll. 
n'~s'. J ad.; 
t'-x'. Jjr.sk. 

y\ $ ad. sk Salangore ( W. Davison), Hume Coll. 
z'-e". Ad. • eT- Malacca. Hume Coll. 

I". Jr. sk. 
m". Ad. sk. Malacca. India Museum. 
n'. Ad. sk. Malacca. J. Gould, Esq. 

1 . CALYPTOHEKA. 45 7 
o". Ad. sk. 
p". $ ad. sk 
2V". <J Jad.sk. 
s", t". # ad. ; 

u"-w". gad.; 

a?", c? jr. sk. 
y". c? jr. sk. 
s". tf ad. sk. 
a8-/*- c? ad. ; 

^rW3. $ ad. 
3 sk. 


j . Ad. sk. 
&3, /a. c? ? ad. 
sk. 
m8. cT ad.; w8, 
o3. $ ad. sk. 
£>3. J ad. sk. 

q3. 5 ad. sk. 

r3. Ad. sk. 

s3. c? ad. sk. 

f. Ad. sk. 
w3. Ad. sk. 
v . Ad. sk. 
w3. Ad. sk. 
^r3. Jr. sk. 
y2. Jr. St. 
Malacca. 
Chohong, Malacca (Davison). 
Mt. Ophir, Malacca (Ramsay). 
Malacca (Ramsay). 


Penang, 
Perak. 
Joliore (Davison). 


Singapore. 
Singapore. 


Sumatra (Bock), 

Larnpong, Sumatra (E. a Buxton). 


S.E. Sumatra (E. C. Bzixtori). 
Sumatra (Baffles). 
Marup, Borneo. 


N.E. Borneo. 
Borneo. 
Borneo. 
S. Borneo. 
E. Indies. 
Java (?). 
A. R. Wallace [0.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
India Museum. 

L. Wray ro.]. 
Hume Coll. 

J. Brooks tO.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
India Museum. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Purchased. 


J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
2. Calyptomena whitehead!. 
Calyptomena whitehead^ JSharpe, P. Z. S.1887, p. 558; id. Ibis, 1888. 
p. 231, pi. v. 
Bright shining green; large blotch on the front of the neck 
and a spot on each side behind the ear-coverts black; feathers 
of back and breast black, with lanceolate green tips; tail velvety 
black, green at the base; secondaries slightly edged with blue: 
whole length 11 inches, wing 6*35, tail 3*2. Female similar, but 
smaller, not so bright, and frontal crest less developed, 

Hab. Kinabalu Mountain, Borneo. 
The description is taken from the typical specimens in Mr. Whitehead's 
Collection, 

Subfamily II. EURYL^EMINiE. 

The typical Eurylcemidce consist of about eight species referable 
to six easily distinguished genera, which range all over the Oriental 
Eegion with the exception of the peninsula of India and Ceylon, 
and extend from the Eastern Himalayas through the Malay Archipelago 
to the Philippines. 

The wide gape, which distinguishes these birds generally, is 

carried to an excess in Gorydon, in which its width is fully equal to 

the length of the bill. The food of this subfamily appears to be 

458 
EFKYLiEMIDJE. 

mainly insects, whilo Oalyptomma is said to be purely frugivorous. 
Tlio Eurylamince, so far as thoir nesting habits are known, appear 
to build domed nests suspended from the branches of trees, and to 
lay spotted eggs. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Nostrils more or leys rounded, placed at 
the base of the frontal plumes. 
a. Tail longer than wing 2. PSARISOMUS, p. 458. 
b. Tail shorter than wing. 
a. Bill short; sides of upper mandible 
not overlapping 3. SERILOPHTTS, p. 460. 
b. Bill longer ; sides of upper mandible 
slightly overlapping. 
i With an eye-caruncle 4. SARCOPHANOPS, p. 462. 
j Without an eye-caruncle.. 5. EURYLJEMUS, p. 463. 

c. Bill very broad and strongly 
hooked,* sides of upper mandible 
much overlapping 6. OORYDON, p. 486. 
B. 
Nostrils lineiform, placed in a slit in the 
middle of the mandible 7. CYIEBORHYNCHIIS, p. 468. 
2. PSARISOMUS. 
Psarisomus, &w. Class. B. ii. p. 261 (1837) P. dalhousL 
Orossodera, Gould, Icon. Av. pi. i. (1837) P dalhousise* 
Baya, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. viii. p. 36 (1839) P dalhomi^' 
Sinius, Hodgs J. A SBx27 (1841) P. dalhousiS.' 
Simorms, Hodgs. Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82 (1844) P. dalhousise. 

This lovely bird is structurally distinguished from the other Mtrv-
Icemi by its very long and much graduated tail, and by the mall 
frontal plumes which partly conceal the nostrils. I t has an extensive 
range from the Eastern Himalayas through the Malay Peninsula to 
Borneo. 

1. Psarisomus dalhousiae. 
Eurylaimus dalhousige, Jameson, JEdinb. W. PA. J xviii n 389 HfiW. 
P# { }

Horsfield, P Z. S. 1839, p. 156 (Assam). > 
Psansonius dalhousi^ Jerd. B. Ind. I p. 236; id. Ibis, 1872, n 4Blyth 
B Burm. p. 126; Satead. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov\m 

p. 453 et ser. 2, v. p. 574; Walden, Ibis, 1875, p 460-HuZ' 
^T%^ii^P^47^enasserim)^ &• V & (Upp^PegSv p?9 
(N.E Q^ymme filkp. Str/l>. y£ pP?88 (fen^serim) 
Euryli 

Co. Mus. i. p. 117. 
Psarisomus assimilis, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 53. 
Raya sericeogula, Hodgs. J. A. JS. B. viii. p. 36 (1839). 
Simornis (Raya) sericeogula, Hodgs. Gray's Zool, Misc, p. 82 (1844). 

2 . PSAEISOMtTS. 459 
Eurylaimus (Crossodera) dalhousife, Gould, Icon, Av. pi. i. 
Eurylaimus psittacinus, Mull. Tijdschr. Nat Gesch. ii. p. 349, pi. v. 
fig. 0,1835 (Sumatra) ; Temm. PL Col 598. 
Psarisornus psittacinus, Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 198 
(Sumatra). 

Cap and sides of head black ; large patch on the crown and line 
at the back of the nape bright blue : narrow front, lores, space below 
the eye, and sides of neck adjacent to the blue nuchal band bright 
yellow; spot above the ear-coverts greenish yellow; whole back and 
outer secondaries bright green ; wing-feathers black, with a white 
bar on the inner webs of the eight outer primaries, and a large patch 
of bright blue occupying the outer webs of the basal portions of all the 
primaries; tail-feathers much graduated, beneath black, above blue : 
under surface bright bluish green, throat yellow; bill horn-colour, 
with the culmen and edges yellowish, feet brown; whole length 
10*5 inches, wing 4-2, tail 5*4. Female similar. 

Bab. Eastern Himalayas, and through Assam and Cachar down 
to Tenasserim, Sumatra, and Borneo. 

a. Ad. sk. India. India Museum. 
I, c. Ad.; d. ? Masuri; India. Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 

e. Ad. sk. Kalsi. Hume Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Nainee Tal, Terai. Capt. S. Pinwill [0.]. 
g-i Ad.; j, k. § Guxwhal. Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 
l-n. Ad. sk. Native Sikhim (Mandelli). Hume Coll. 
o-x\ Ad. ',y-a'. SikMm (Mandelli). Hume Coll. 


Jr. sk. 
V-J. Ad. ;/,#' , Darjiling. Hume Coll. 


• Jr. sk. 
h'. Jr. sk. Darjiling. Tweeddale Coll. 
i'-l'. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson [0.]. 
m\ Ad. sk. Bhotan. Hume Coll. 
n', o'. Ad. sk. Buxa Boars {Mandelli). Hume Coll. 


JP\ Ad. sk. Khasia Hills. W. Griffith [0.1. 
q'. Ad. sk. Assam. J. McClelland [0.]. 
r'. Ad. sk. Sadhyia, Assam (J. Cock-Hume Coll. 


burn), 
s'. Ad. sk. Dollah, Assam (J. Cochburn). Hume Coll. 
t\u\ tf£ ad,;<». Shillong, Assam (J. Cock-Hume Coll. 


Ad.;wr-#'. Jr. bum). 
sk. 


a", b". Ad. sk. Dibrughur, Assam (J. -R. Hume Coll. 

Crijpps). 
c''. Ad. sk. N, Cachar Hills. Tweeddale Coll. 
d",e». tfad.;/'. N. Khasia Hills (A. W. 


$ ad. sk. Channel!). 

Hume Coll. 

g". Ad.sk. Dilkusha, Cachar (J. Inglis). 

Hume Coll. 

A". cJ ad.; t',f. Manipur. 
$ ad. sk. 
&", I". S ad. j m". 


Karen Hills (Wardlaw Mam- Tweeddale Coll. 
J ad.; n". Ad. 

ETTRYLJEMID^. 

o". Ad. sk. Tonghoo, British Burmah Tweeddale Coll. 
p". J ad. sk. 
q". (S ad. sk. 
r". $ ad. sk. 
s", t". S ad.sk-
u"-v". S ad.; y", 
z". Jad.sk. 
a5. S ad. sk. 
b\ 2 ad. sk. 
e3-e3 . ?ad.j/3 . 
(Wardlaw Ramsay). 
Pegu Hills, E. slopes. 
Western Hills of Pegu 
(Oates). 
N.W. slopes, Mooleyit 
(DflUison). 
Mooleyit (Davison). 
Meetan, Tenasserim (W. 
Davison). 
Nellaybro (J. Darling, Jr.). 
Thoungyeen r. (Bingham). 
Thoungyak (J. Darling, Jr.) 
E. W. Oates [C.]. 
Hume Coll: 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
8 jr. sk. 
g3 . Ad. sk. 
£3 . 6 ad.; 
i^h\ Jr. sk. 
Rangoon. 
Sumatra (Bock). 
Capt. Bingham [P.]. 
Tweeddale CoU. 

3. SEBHiOPHUS. „ 
Type. 
Serilophus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 262 (1837) S. lunulatus. 
Two species of Serilophus occupy the hill-ranges of the Asiatic 

continent, from Sikhim to Tenasserim, but have not yet been met 
with in the Malay Archipelago. They are distinguished among the 
Eurylcemince for their comparatively narrow bill, much rounded tail, 
and smooth silky plumes. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. Forehead pale grey; nape brownish 1. lunatus, p. 460. 
B. Whole head above uniform dark grey 2. rubropygius, p. 461. 
1. Seriloplms lunatus. 
Eurylaimus lunatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 133; id. Trans. Zool. 
Soc. i. p. 176, t. 25; G. R. Gray, List of B. B. M. pt. ii. sect. 1, 

p. 37; JHorsf. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 15G. 
Serilophus 
lunatus, Szo. Class. B. ii. p. 262; id. Flyeateh. p. 242; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 169; JBlyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. p. 196; id. B. 
Burm. p. 125; Hume, Str. F ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), iii. p. 53 
(Upp. Pegu), viii. p. 86; Ramsay, Ibis, 1875, p. 352 (Burmah) ; 
Davison, Str. F. v. p. 455 (Burmah); Hume §* Dav. Str. F. vi. 
pp. 89, 499 (Tenasserim); Oates, Str. F. viii. p. 164 (Burmah), 

x. p. 188 (Pegu); id. B. Brit. Burm. i, p. 424; Gould, B. Asia, 
i. pi. 62 ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 157 (Tenasserim); Sahad* Ann, 
Mus. Civ. Gen. ser. 2, v. p. 574 (Tenasserim). 
Eurylaimus (Serilophus) lunatus, 
Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. E.L Co. 
Mus. i. p. 118. 

Above pale brownish grey, front pure grey; a long superciliary 
stripe black; rump and upper tail-coverts brownish chestnut; wings 
black, crossed by a broad bluish bar beyond the coverts, and with 
a white bar on the inner webs and white tips to the outer primaries; 
outer secondaries and tips of some of the wing-feathers rufous like 

3 . SEEILOPHTJS. 
461 
the back; tail black, outer rectrices broadly tipped with white: 
beneath greyish white, becoming pure white on the belly; thighs 
black; bill plumbeous, with yellowish culmen and edges; feet 
blackish : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2*6. Female similar, 
but breast crossed by one or more narrow silvery bands. 

Ilab. Burmah. 

a, b. $ ad.; c, d, Karen Hills ( Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll. 
S ad.; e,f. 
Ad. sk. 

g. J ad. sk. Karenee {Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll. 
li. Ad.; i. J ad. Tonghoo (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. 
;', k. tf $ ad.; Pegu Hills. E. W. Oates [C.]. 
I Ad. sk. 
m, 
n. $ ad.; o. West Pegu Hills (Oates). Hume Coll. 
? ad. sk. 

p. 
S ad. sk. Lower Pegu. E. W. Oates [C.]. 
q-s. 
c? ad.; t, u. Pakpoon, Tenasserim ( W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
$ ad. sk. son). 

v. 
J ad. sk. Thenganee Sakhan, Tenasserim Plume Coll. 
(Davison). 
w-a'. $ ad.; br. $ Thoungyah, Tenass. (Darling). Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 
o\ 3 ad.; d. Ad. Thoungyah, road to Myawadee Hume Coll. 
sk. (Davison). 
e'. d 
ad.;/'. ? Thoungskayen, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 

g'. 2 ad. sk. Thoungshayen, Tenass. (Ring- Hume Coll. 

ham). 
h\ $ ad. sk. Kaukaryit, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
i'. $ ad. sk.] Assoun, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 

f. 
6 ad.;/;\ $ Mouleyit, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
ad.; V. Ad. 
sk. 
m'. 3 ad.; nr, or. Meetan, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 

2 ad. sk. 
p'} q'. $ ad. sk. Amherst, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
r'. $ ad. sk. Omaguoen, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
$', f. 3 ad. sk. JSfwalaboo, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
W, v'. § ad. sk. Nwalaboo, Tenass. (Darling). Hume Coll. 
wr. Ad. sk. Tenasserim. Heifer [C.]. 
x'. Ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Purchased. 

2. Serilophus rttbropygius. 
Raya rubropygia, Hodgs. J. A. S. R. viii. p. 36. 

Serilophus rubropygius, Rp. Consp. i. p. 169; Jerd. R. Rid. i. p. 238; 
id. Ibis, 1872, p. 4; Rlyth, Cat. R. Mus. A. 8. p. 196; id. R. 
Rurm. p. 125; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 349; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 53, 

viii. p. 86, ix. p. 247 (Cachar) ; Oates, R. Brit Rurm. i. p. 425; 
Gould, R. Asia, i. pi. 63. 
Eurylaimus 
(Serilophus) rubropygius, Horsf. et Moore, Cat. R. F.I. 
Co. Mus. I p. 119. 

Above dark grey, slightly washed with brown on the inter


4.62 EVBXLMWLDM. 
scapulium; long superciliary stripe black; rump and upper tail-
coverts chestnut-red; wings black, crossed by a bluish band above 
the coverts and by another occupying the outer webs at their tips, 
also by a white band beneath across the inner webs; outer secondaries 
and tips of the inner webs of the inner primaries chestnut, like the 
back; a row of small white spots adjacent to the second bluish 
band; tail black, outer rectrices broadly tipped with white: beneath 
grey, more whitish on the belly; bill plumbeous, with yellowish tip 
and edges; feet pale greenish brown : whole length 6'5 inches, wing 
3-3, tail 2-8. Female similar, but with a narrow silvery white 
breast-collar. 

Hah. Nepal and Eastern Himalayas to Arrakan. 

a-f. Ad. sk.
ff-i <$ ad.;/? &• 
Nepal. 
Sikhim (Mandelli). 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.[C.]. 
(Typical specimens.) 
Hume Ooll. 
£ ad.; lr-p. 
Ad. sk. 
q-v. Ad. sk.
w. c? ad.; x. Ad. 
Darjeeling. 
Bhotan Boars (Mandelli). 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
sk. 
ij, z. Ad. sk.
a'. S ad. sk 
Assam. 
Bilkoushah, Caehar (J. 
McClelland [G.]. 
Hume Coll. 
b\ <$ ad. sk.
c'. g ad.; d', e\
Ad. sk.
/'. S ad. sk.
g\ J ad. sk.
Inglis). 
Manipur (Hume). 
N. Khasia HiUs (A. W. 
Chmnell). 
Bikrang Valley (Godwin-
Austen). 
Harmutti (GodwinHume 
Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Austen). 

4. SARCOPHANOPS. 
Type. 
Sarcophanops, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. sex. 2, vol. i. ZooL 

p. 344 (1879) S. steerii. 
The discovery of a Eurylsemid in the Philippines is of great 
interest, as affording further evidence of the essential connection of 
the Philippine fauna with that of the Oriental Eegion. 

Sarcophanops is most nearly allied, I think, to Eurylctmus, but 
distinguished from that and every other form of the group by the 
naked skin round the eye and the rather feebler feet. 

1. Sarcophanops steerii. 
Eurylaemus steerii, Sharpe, Mature, vol. xiv. p. 297 (Aug. J 876). 
Sarcophanops steerii, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, vol. i. ZooL 

p. 344, pi. 54 (Basilan); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 65; Tweeddale, P. Z. & 
1878, p. 110 (Binagat), et 1879, p. 70 (Basilau); Wardlaw 
Ramsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 658. 
Above dark grey; cap dark purple, with a small vertical scarlet 

5 . EtTEXLiEMITS. 463 
spot, and divided from the back by a white ring round the neck; 
rump and tail chestnut; wings black, with a distinct white cross-band 
on the secondaries, which is bordered externally with bright yellow 
on the inner secondaries: beneath white, much tinged with vinaceous 
; throat and sides of head black; bill plumbeous, with pale tip 
and edges; feet slaty: wholo length 7 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-5. 
Female similar, but breast pure white. 

Hal. Philippines. 

a. Ad. sk. Basilan, Philippines. J. B. Steere [0.]. 
(One of the typical specimens.) 
b, c. $ ad.; d, e. Basilan, Philippines (A. Tweeddale Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Everett). 
f. § ad. sk. Dinagat, Philippines (A. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 

5. EITBYLJMUS. Type> 
Eurylaimus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 170 (1822) E. javanicus. 
Platyrhynchos, Vieill. Gal. Ois. vol. i. p. 199 (1825) .. E. javanicus. 

The typical genus Eurykprnus, as now limited, contains but two 
species, which range from Tenasserim southwards over the Malay 
Peninsula and Sunda Islands. As regards its large, strong, much 
widened beak, it is only surpassed by Gorydon. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Larger: head and throat vinaceous 1. javanicus, p. 463. 
B. Small: head and throat black 2. ochromelas, p. 465. 
1. Eurylsemus javanicus. 
Eurylsemus javanicus, llorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 170; id. Zool. 
Res. pi. 54; Vigors, Mem. Raffles•, p. 653; Less. Man. d?Orn. 

i. p. 175; id. Traiti d'Orn. p. 201; Blyth, Cat. B. A. S. p. 195; 
id. B. Burm. p. 125 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 168; Moore, Cat. B. Mus. 
E.I. Co. p. 116; id. P. Z. S.1854, p. 267 (Malacca); Cab. et Heme, 
Mm. J5fow.ii.#p.#121; Walden, this, 1872, p. 369 (N.Borneo); 
Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 57; Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 107; Davison, 
Str.F. v. p. 456 (nest) (Burmah); Hume $ Dav. Str. F. vi. pp. 89, 
499 (Tenasserim) ; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. 
pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula); Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 157 
(Tenasserim); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 48, 1877, p. 22, et 1879, 
p. 263 (Borneo) ; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 14 (Sumatra); 
Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra), et 1883, p. 88 (Borneo); 
Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 427 ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 
(Borneo). 
Eurylaimus horsfieldi, Temm. PI Col. 130,131 (1823); Sw. Flycatch. 

p. 240, pi. 30; Wagl. Syst. Av. Euryl. sp. 3. 
Platyrhynchos horsfieldi, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 200, t. cxxv. 
Jayan Tody, Lath. G. H. iv. p. 96. 
Above black; broad central patch in the middle of the back, large 
spot on the scapularies and upper tail-coverts, and bar on the outer 

464 
ETTRYIiMMIDM. 

webs of the secondaries bright yellow; whole head vinaeeous purple, 
rather brighter on the nape and blacker on the front; tail black, 
with a row of pale fulvous-white subterminal spots: beneath 
vinaeeous purple, darker on the throat and more reddish on the 
belly; thighs brownish black; crissum rufous; narrow pectoral 
band black; under wing-coverts yellow; bill dark plumbeous, culmen 
yellowish; feet pale hazel: whole length 8*8 inches, wing 4, tail 2*7. 
Female similar, but without the black pectoral band. 

Bab. Tenasserim, and south throughout the Malay Peninsula to 
Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad.; c. Jr. sk. 
d. J ad. sk. 
«,/. 6 ad.;</. 
£ ad. sk. 
k 
$ ad.; i. £ 
ad. sk. 


j. <$ ad. sk. 
'k $ ad. sk. 
I. $ ad. sk. 
m. <$ ad. sk. 
n, o. $ J ad. sk. 
p. $ ad. sk. 
q. $ ad. sk. 
r, s. J ad. sk. 
t-v. $ ad.; w. $ 
ad. sk. 
$. $ ad. sk. 

y. S ad. sk. 
s-c'. S ad.; d'-f. 

? ad. sk. 
g', Jr. sk. 
h'. Jr. sk. 
i'. Ad. sk. 

/. $ ad. sk. 
k'j V. $ ad. sk. 
m'. $ ad.; n'-p'. 

5 ad.; q'. Jr. sk. 
r\ Ad. sk. 
s'. Jr. sk. 

V. Ad.; u\ 2 ad. 
v'. S ad.; w1. Ad.
sk. 
x\ Ad. sk. 

t/\ Ad. sk. 
z', a". Jr. sk. 
b". tS ad. sk. 
c". Ad. ;d". Jr.sk 

Karen Hills. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tonghoo, Brit. Burmah. 
Meetan, Tenasserim (Davison). 
Amherst, Tenasserim (Davisoyi). 


Lemyne, Tenasserim (Davison).


Yea, Tenasserim (Davison). 
Omagoen, Tenasserim (Davi


son). 
Zadee, Tenasserim Davison). 
Metlay, Tenasserim (Davison). 
Ahsoon, Tenasserim. 
Tavoy, Tenasserim (Davison). 
Amya, Tenasserim (Mandetti). 
Nwalaboo, Tenasserim (Davi


son). 
Bankasoon, Tenasserim (Davison). 
Thoimgyah, Tenasserim (J. 
Darling). 

Tlioungyeen r., Tenasserim 

(BingJiam). 
Klang, Salangore (Davison). 


Malacca. 
Malacca. 
Malacca. 
Nealys. Malacca (Davison). 
Singapore. 
Johore (Davison). 


Cambodja (Mouhot). 
Saigon. 
Sumatra. 


 Sumatra (Book). 

Java (Horsfield). 

BiUiton. 
Jambusan, Borneo (Eve7*ett). 
Marup, Borneo (Everett). 
East Indies. 


Tweeddale CoU. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

 Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

A. R. Wallace [C.l. 
Dr. Cantor [C.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Purchased. 

A. E. Wallace [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

India Mus. (Type 

of the species.) 
Tweeddale CoU. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
India Museum. 

5. ETOYLJE1ITXS. 
2. Eurylaemus ochromelas. 
Eurylaimus ochromelas. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 297 (1822); 
tigers, Mem. Raffles, p. 653; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. p. 195; 
id. B. Burm. p. 125 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 168; Moore, P. Z. S. 

1854, p. 267 (Malacca); id. Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. p. 116; Gould, 

B. Asia, i. pi. 58; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 122; Walden, 
Ibis, 1872, p. 370; Peh. Novara-Reise, Vog. pp. 43, 161; Salvad. 
Ucc. Born. p. 108 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 198 (Sumatra); 
Hume 8f Dav. Sir. F. vi. p. 91 (Tenasserim); Hume, Str. F. 
ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula) ; Oates, 
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 426; Sliarpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 48, 1877, p. 21, et 
1879, p. 263 (Borneo) ; id. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 107 (Labuan), et 
1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ; Tiveeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra) ; 
Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra), et 1883, p. 89 (Borneo); 
Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 (Borneo). 
Eurylsemus cucullatus, Temm. PL Col. 261 (1824); Wagl. Sgst. Av. 

Euryl. sp. 4; Lesson, Tr. d'Om. p. 261. 
Eurylaemus rafflesi, Less. Cotnpl. Buff. viii. p. 463. 
Cymbirhynchus cucullatus, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101. 


Above black; stripe down the centre of the back, and spots on 
scapularies and outer webs of secondaries yellow; narrow collar at 
back of neck white; tail black, with a row of square white subterminal 
spots on the inner webs : beneath white, strongly tinged 
with rosy pink on the belly ; throat and broad pectoral collar black; 
under wing-coverts, flanks, and crissum yellow; thighs black ; bill 
plumbeous, with yellowish culmen and edges; feet reddish : whole 
length 5-5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 1-9. Female similar, but with the 
pectoral collar narrower and incomplete in the middle. 

Hob. Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo. 

a. Ad. sk. East Indies. Purchased. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Yea, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Laynah, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Takchan, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll. 
e-j. S ad.; k, I. Bankasoon, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll. 
2 ad.; m. <S 
jr. sk. 


a(l-! o.Malewoon, Tenassevm\(Davison). Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 


n. S 2 
w-Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll. 

p-v. c? ad.;
a'. 2

 ad-sk-

V. 2 ad. sk. Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll. 
c'. S ad. sk. Wellesley Province (Stoliczkd). Hume Coll. 
d'. 2 ad. s^. Penang. Tweeddale Coll. 

e'. Ad. sk. Penang. A. E. Wallace [C.j. 
/'. 2 ad. sk. Larup Hills, Pera1 L. Wrav [C.]. 

g'. Ad. sk. Malacca (Main Tweeddale Coll. 
h'-m'. Ad.; n', Malacca. Hume Coll. 
o'. Jr. sk. 

p'. Ad. sk. Malacf Dr. Cantor [C.]. 
§', r'. Ad. sk. Ma1 India Museum. 
s'. cj ad. sk. A. K.Wallace [C.]. 

VOL. xiv. 2 H 

EURYL^MIDJE. 

f, u'. <$ ad.; v'. 
2 ad. sk. 
w'. S &d-; oc\ 
y'. § ad. sk. 
z', a". S ad.; 
b". § ad. sk. 
tT-f'.JsA.ig"


m". $ ad. sk. 
n''. 2 &d. sk. 
o". Ad. sk. 

p"-r". S ad. sk. 
s", t". Ad. sk. 

u". $ ad.; v". 

2jr.sk. 
w , x". Ad. sk. 
y". Ad. sk. 
a". Ad. sk. 
a'". Ad. sk. 

Malacca (Wardlaw Ramsay). 

Nealys, Malacca {Davison). 

Singapore. 

Johore (Davison). 

Sumatra. 
Sumatra. 

Sumatra (Bock). 
Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (Buxton). 


Sarawak, Borneo. 

N.E. Borneo (Lotv). 
Bedi, Borneo. 
Borneo. 
Borneo. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

A. K. Wallace [0.1. 
Sir S. Baffles [0.]. 
(Type of the species.) 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

Purchased. 

6. CORYDON. 
Type. 
Corydon, Lesson, Man. d"Orn. p. 177 (1828) C. sumatranus. 

Underside of bill of Corydon. 

The enormously widened and strongly hooked bill at once distinguishes 
this type of the Eurylcemince, which is further notable 
for its dull and uniform coloration, much in contrast with the prevailing 
style of the group. Corydon extends from Tenasserim 
through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo. 

1. Corydon sumatranus. 
Coracias sumatranup '•ifles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 303 (1822). 
Eurylaimus coryd^ ». PL Col. 297 ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 261; 
Wagl. Syst. A 1: Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101. 
Corydon suma' n». N. H. vi. p. 417 (1841); Blyth, 
Cat. B. Mu6. 7?. Burm. p. 125; Pp. Consp. i. 

p. 168; > Moore, ^ 'Malacca) ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. 
p. Ill; id. Ann. 2K. % 200 (Sumatra) ; Cab. et 
Heine, Mus. Hein. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 214 
(Borneo) ; Hume 8f Dai. Tenasserim); Hume, 
6 . 
CORYDOST. 467 
JStr. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. p. 86 (Malay Penin.), ix. p. 157 
(Tenasserim); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 61; Walden, Ibis, 1872, 

p. 369 (N. Borneo); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 48, 1877, p. 21, et 1879, 
p. 265 (Borneo) ; Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra) ; Nicholson, 
Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra^ et 1883, p. 90 (Borneo); Oates, 
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 430; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 408 
(Borneo). 
Corydon temmincki, Less. Man. oVOrn. p. 177 (1828). 
Eurylsemus sumatranus, Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 653; G. R. Gray, 

List B. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. sect. 1, p. 37 (1848); Pelz. Novara-Reise, 
pp. 43,161. 
Eurylaimus (Corvdon) sumatranus, Horsf. et Moore. Cat. B. Mus. 
EI. Co. i. p. 117 (1854). 

Above dull black, with a large concealed patch, of white stained 

with crimson in the middle of the back; alar speculum white: 

beneath, middle of throat and breast fulvous white; rest of under


pays black as above; under surface of wing-feathers crossed by a 

broad white band: tail black, with a broad white subterminal band 

on all the lateral rectrices ; bill above plumbeous, beneath yellowish; 

feet black: whole length 10 inches, wing 5-5, tail 4*3. Female 

similar, but tail-band not so broad. 

Hob. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Karen Hills ( Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll 

c. $ 
ad.-, d, e. 2 Pahpoon, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 
/. 
6 ad.; g. ? ad. Younzaleen Creek, Tenass. Hume Coll. 
sk. (Davison). 

h. S ad.; i. $ ad. Tavoy, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
sk. 
/, k. $ ad. sk. Thoungyah, Tenass. (J. Darling). Hume Coll. 
/. <S ad. sk. Thoungyeen, Tenass. (C. Y. 

Bingham). 
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

m. $ ad. sk. Thoungyeen r., Tenasserim (C. 
T. Bingham). Hume Coll. 
n-r. c? ad.; s. J Bankasoon, Tenass. (Davison). 
ad. sk. Hume Coll. 
t-w. <$ ad.; x. Malewoon, Tenass. (Davison). 
$ ad.sk. Hume Coll. 
y-b'. $ ad. • e', d\ Klang, Salangore (Davison). 
$ ad.; e\ $ Hume Coll. 
jr. sk. 
f-f. Ad.;*'. Jr. Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll. 

V. Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay). Tweeddale Coll. 
m'. $ ad. sk. Malacca (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll. 
n'. Jr. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
o'. Ad. sk. Malacca. India Museum. 
y . Jr. sk. Malacca (Ca?itor). India Museum. 
q'. Ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased. 
r'. Ad. sk. Singapore. Hume Coll. 
s', V. <S ? ad. Sumatra. 
A.E.Wallace[C.]. 

sk. 

Sumatra (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
v', w'. Ad. sk. Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll. 
x'. Ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll. 

408 ETJUYLJBATrD-E. 
?/. Ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra {Buxton). Tweeddale Coll. 
z'\ Ad. sk." Sumatra (Wallace), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a". Ad. sk. Banjemiassing,Bimeo {Mottley). A. K Wallace [P.]. 
b". J ad. sk. Busan, Sarawak, Borneo. Sal vin-G-odnian Coll. 
c". <5 ad. sk.
dl\ Ad. sk. 
Busan, Sarawak, Borneo. 
East Indies. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
e". Ad. sk. East Indies. Purchased. 

7. CYMBOBHYMMUS. 
Type. 
Cymbirhynckus, Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 054 (1830) C. nasutus* 

In Cymborhynohus the bill is not nearly so much widened as in 
Corydon, but the form of the nostrils, which lie in a longitudinal 
sulcus in the centre of the mandible, renders the genus readily 
recognizable from all the other Eurylcemince. 

CymborJiynchus extends from Arrakan through the Malay Peninsula 
over the Sunda Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

A. White bars on tail confined to inner webs. . 1. macrorhynehus* p. 408, 
B. White bars on tail extending over outer webs 2. afflnis, p. 470. 
1. Cymborhynclras macrotliyiiclnis. 
Great-billed Tody, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 004; id. G. II iv. 
p. 94, pi. lxv. ? 
Todus macrorhynchus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 440. 
Todus platyrhyiickos, Desm. Hist Nat. Tang. t. 72. 
Platyrkynckus nasutus, Vieill. N.I), d1!!. Nat. xxvii. p. 15 ; id. JSnc. 
Meih. p. 844. 
Todus nasutus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 2G8. 
Cvmborhynchus macrorhynchus, G. R .Gray, Gen. B. i. p.CO ; id. List 

"B. B. M. ii. sect. 1, p. 38; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 122 ; Cab. 

J.f. 0.1853, p. 54; Moore, P. Z. & 1854, p. 207 (Malacca) ; JSbrsf. 
et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.l. Co. i. p. 119; Scl. P. Z. S. 1803, 
p. 214 (Borneo); Feb. Novara-Reise, For/, pp. 43, 161; Blyth, B. 
Burm. p. 126; Waiden, Ibis, 1872, p. 270 (N. Borneo); Salvad. 
Ucc.Born. p. 109; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv.p. 199 (Sumatra); 
Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viiL pp. 50, 80 (Malay 
Peninsula); Davison, Str. F. v. p. 457 (Burmah); Hume et 
Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 92 (Tenasserim); Skarpe, Ibis, 1870, 

p. 48,1877, p. 22,1879, p. 204; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 (Borneo); 
Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra); Bingham, Str. F. ix. 
p. 157 (Tenasserim) ; Gould, B. Ada, i. pi. 59; Kelham, Ibis, 
1881, p. 382 (Malay Peninsula) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra), 
et 1883, p. "89 (Borneo) et p. 254 (Sumatra); Guillemard, 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 408 (Borneo); Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 428. 
Cymbirhynchus malaccensis, Salvad. Att. It. Ac. Sc. Tor. ix. p. 425; 
* Oates, Str. F in.-p. 330. 
Cymbirhynchus nasutus, Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 054; Sw. Flycatchers, 
CYMBORHYNCHUS. 

p. 237, pi. xxix.; Ei/ton, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 101 (Malacca); Blyth, 
J. A. S. B. xv. p. 311 ; id. Cat. B. M. A. 8. p. 105; 8chomburc/7c, 
Ibis, 1864, p. 258 (Siam). 
Euryloeinus nasutus, Temm. PI Col. 154; Less. Man. cVOrn. i. p. 175 ; 
Wagl. Syst. Ai\ Euryl. sp. 2. 
Eurylgemus lemniscatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 206. 
Erolla nasica, Less. Tr. aVOni. p. 260. 

xlbove black; rump crimson, more or less varied with yellowish 
stripes; elongated scapularies white: beneath crimson, throat and 
breast-band black; bend of wing yellowish ; under wing-coverts 
and row of subterminal spots on the inner webs of the lateral 
rectrices white; bill dark plumbeous, tip and edges greenish; feet 
light plumbeous: whole length 8*8 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3-4. Female 
similar. 

Ilab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. 

a. <$ ad.; b. J ad. Near Yea, Tenass. {Davison). Hume Coll. 
sk. 
c. S ad. sk. Omagoen, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
d-g. S ad.; h. g Tavoy (Davison). Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 
i, f. $ ad.; h~n. Mergui (Davison). Hume Coll. 

* 
$ ad.; o. $ 
jr. sk. 
p. 3 ad. sk. Tenasserim (town) (Davison). Hume Coll. 
q. $ ad sk. Bopyin, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
r. 
J ad. sk. Takchan, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
s. 
3 ad. ,• t-v. § Bankasoon, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 
w. 2 ad. sk. Malewoon, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll. 
x. 2 ad. sk. Kaukaryit, Tenass. (Bingham). Hume Coll. 
y-h'. $ ad.; z'-r'. Kossoon, Malay Peninsula (J. Hume Coll. 
2 ad. sk. Darling). 
*'. 2 ad. sk. Wellesley Province (Davison). Hume Coll. 
t'. Ad. sk. Penang. A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
u', v'. 3 ad.; w', Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll. 

x\ 2 ad. sk. 
y'-a".dad. -,bv~in. Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll. 
2 ad.,-f. Ad. 
k". 2 jr. sk. 

I". S ad.; 7n"~v". Malacca. 
Hume Coll. 

Ad. sk. 

w". Ad. sk. Malacca (Maine/ay). Tweeddale Coll. 

x", %f. 3 ad.; «". Malacca ( Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll. 

2 ad. sk. 

az. Ad. sk. Malacca. 
A. K. Wallace [C.]. 

53 3 

, c. Ad. sk. Malacca (Cantoi-). India Museum. 
d\ Ad. sk. Malacca. W. Harvey, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Kuroo, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll. 

flV.rfad.;^. 2 
ad. sk. 

Chohong, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll. 

2 ad. sk. 

l*~7i\ 3 ad.; o3. Nealys, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll. 

2 ad. sk. 

470 EURYLiEMID^). 
ps-s3 . c?ad.; 
f~z\ Jad.sk. 
a4, c? ad.: ¥,cK 
Pulo Seban, Malaccason). 
Joliore (Davison). 
(DaviHume 
Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
d*. tf ad.; e*,f. Singapore (Davison). Hume Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
g\ Ad. sk. 
h\ Ad. sk. 
i4 . Ad. sk. 
f. $ ad. sk. 
'M Jr. sk. 
J1. Jr. sk. 
m^pK Ad. sk. 
q*-vK <$ ad. ; 
t^-z4. ? ad. j 
a5,6°". Ad.sk. 
e5-<75. Ad. sk. 
¥. Jr. sk. 
i6,f. Ad.sk. 
k5 . Ad. sk. 
I5 . Ad. sk. 
m5 . (5" ad. sk. 
n5 . Ad. sk. 
Siam. 
Cambodja. 
Cambodja. 
Sumatra. 
Sumatra. 
West coast of Sumatra. 
Lainpong, Sumatra (Boek). 
Sumatra (Bock). 
Labuan. 
Labuan (Low). 
N.E. Borneo. 
S.E. Borneo. 
Borneo. 
Bedi, Borneo. 
Lumbiden, Borneo (Low). 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
A. B. Wallace [C.]. 
Purchased. 
Br. Faber [0.] 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
[P.] 
Tweeddale CoU. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salrin-Godman Coll. 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
o5 . Ad. sk. Borneo. 
[p.]. 
Purchased. 

2. Cjntnborhynchus afiinis. 
Cymborkynchus affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 312 ; id. Cat. B. M. 
A. S. p. 195; id. B. Burnt, p. 126; Oates, Sir. F. iii. p. 336, et x. 
p. 188 (Pegu); id. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 429 ; Rime, Sir. F. viii. 
p. 86; Goidd, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150 ; id. B. Asia, L pi. 60. 
Similar to 0. macrorJiyncJius, but with, the white spots on the 
rectrices larger, extending on the three outer pairs to both webs: 
abdomen uniformly red or washed with pale white, not yellowish; 
wing-spot conspicuous, not hidden by the coverts; outer secondaries 
spotted at their ends with red ; rump obsoletely barred with black. 

(Oates.) 
Bab. Arrakan and S.W. Pegu. 
This, I should say, is hardly more than a subspecies of 0, macro


rhynchus, but Mr. Oates, our chief authority on the birds of Burmah, 
recognizes it as distinct. 

a. $ ad. sk. Arrakan Hills. E. W. Oates [0.1 
h, c. Ad. sk. Arrakan Hills (Raikes). E. W. Oates [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Arrakan Hills. Hume Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bangoon (J. Armstrong). Hume Coll. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


abdominalis (Citta), 423. 
acadica (Muscicapa), 228. 
acaclicus (Einpidonax), 

222, 228. 
acadicus, var. griseigu


laris (Empidonax), 228. 
Acanthidositta, 450, 451. 
Acanthisitta, 451. 
acer (Tyranniscus), 130, 

133. 
acuticaudatus (Anumbius), 
52. 
acutipennis (Hapalocercus), 
93, 95. 
Ada, 42. 
sequinoctialis (Cyclo


rhynehus), 160. 
cequinoctialis (Rhynchocyclus), 
165,166, 167. 
affinis (Cymborhynchus), 
468, 470. 
affinis (Elainea), 137, 

154. 
affinis (Myiothera), 446. 
affinis (Platypsaris), 335. 
affinis (Psaris), 333. 
agilis (Anseretes), 106, 
108. 
agilis (Euscarthmus), 108. 
agilis (Muscicapa), 224. 
agilis (Myiobius), 224. 
aglaise (Hadrostomus), 
333, 335. 
aglaias (Pachyrhamphus), 

335. 
aglaias (Pachyrhynchus), 
335. 
aglaise (Platypsaris), 336. 
aglaise (Psaris), 365. 
Agriornis, 3, 4. 
alba (Ootinga), 404. 
alba (Proenias), 404. 
albescens (Elainea), 154. 
albescens (Paehyrhamphus), 
154, 155. 

albicapilla (Muscicapa), 

141. 
albicauda (Agriornis), 4. 
albicauda (Dasycephala), 
4. 
albiceps 
(Elainea), 136, 
140, 141,J43,144,146, 

153. 
albiceps (Muscipela), 141. 
albicilla (Muscicapa), 150. 
albicollis (Oontopus), 
238. 
albicollis (Ehenea), 155. 
albicollis (Legatus), 155. 
albicollis (M uscipeta) ,155. 
albicollis (Tyrannula), 
155. 
albicollis (Tyrannus),155. 
albicoronatus (Euscarthmus), 
102. 
albidiema (Ochfchoeca), 
19, 22. 
albidiema (Setophaga), 

22. 
albifrons (Muscisaxicola), 
53, 54. 
albifrons (Pachyrhynchus), 
347. 
albifrons (Ptyonura), 54. 
albigularis (Empidonax), 

221,223. 
albilora (Muscisaxicola), 

58. 
albimentum (Muscisaxicola), 
55. 
albitorques (Exetastes), 

332. 
albitorques (Tityra), 32§, 
332. V 
albitorques fraseri (Tityra), 
332. 
albiventer (Muscicapa), 

36. 
albiventris 
(Fluvicola), 
35, 36. 

albiventris (Hadrostomus), 
333, 335. 
albiventris (Platypsaris), 

335. 
albivertex (Elainea), 142, 
143. 
albocinereus (Sirystes), 
181, 182. ' 
albocoronata (Serpophaga), 
102. 
albocristatus (An aeretes), 
106, 107, 108. 
albocristatus (Euscarthmus), 
108. 
albocristatus (Tyrannulus), 
107. 
albogrisea( Serphophaga), 
102, 103. 
albogrisea (Taenioptera), 

13. 
albogriseus (Bathmidurus), 
347. 
albogriseus (Lipaugus), 

182: 
albogriseus (Paehyrhamphus), 
338, 347. 
albogriseus (Sirystes), 
181, 182. 
albogriseus (Tvrannus), 

13. 
albogularis (Platyrhynchus), 
64, 66, 67. 
albogularis (Tyrannus), 
267, 276, 277. 
albovittatus (Pitangus), 
175,179. 
albus (Chasmorhynchus), 
403, 404. 
alector (Alectrurus), 39. 
alector (Muscicapa), 39. 
alectrura (Muscicapa), 

39. 
Alectrurus, 3, 38. 
Alouette noire de la Encenada, 
61. 

472 

alpina (Muscisaxicola). 

53, 54. 
alpina (Tasnioptcra), 54. 
altirostris (Empido


chanes), 225. 
ainabilis (Ampelis), 384. 
ama bilis (Ootmga), 382, 

384. 
amaurocephalus (Euscarthmus), 
117. 
amaurocephalus (Leptopogon), 
115, 11(5, 117. 
amazoniim (Heteropelma), 
318, 319, 320. 
ambulaus (Chrysolophus), 
52. 
ambulans (Tyrannus), 52. 
Ampelioti, 372, 373. 
Arnphibolura, 372. 
Aiiaeretes, 64, 100. 
Anairetes, 106. 
analis (Muscicapa), 46. 
andecola (Agriornis), 4, 

6,7. 
anclecola (Pepoaza), 6. 
andinus (Empidonax), 

240. 
angolensis (Brachyurus), 
422. 
angolensis (Pitta), 419, 
421 
angustirostris (Phytotoma), 
406, 407. 
animosa (Muscicapa), 

268. 
Anthocinela, 412. 
anthracinus (Cnipolegus), 
42, 44, 45. 
Anticorys, 290. 
antillarum (Mviarehus), 


247,262. " 
antillarum (Tyrannus), 


2(52. 
Antilopliia, 290. 
antoniae (Carpodectes), 


389. 
apicalis (Euscartlimus), 
apicalis (Myiarchus), 247, 

256. 
Apolites, 174. 
apolites (Laphyctes),276. 
apolites (Tyrannus). 267, 
276. 
aquatica (Aulanax), 33. 
aquatica (Sayornisi 32, 
33. 
Arapunga, 403. 
arcuata (Arupelis), 375. 
arouata (Pitta), 429, 
431. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

arouatum (Laniisoma), 

317. 
areuatus (Anipelio), 375. 
arcuatus (Ampelion),373, 
375. 
arcuatus (Lanius), 317. 
arcuatus (Ptilochloris), 
317. 
arcuatus (Pyrrhorhynehus), 
375. 
ardesiaca (Tvrannula), 

237. 
ardesiacus (Oontopus), 
234, 237. 
ardesiacus (Myiochanes), 

237. 
ardosiaca (Sayornis), 237. 
arenacea (Ochthceca),217. 
arenaeeus (Empidochanes), 
216, 217. 
arenarum (Elainea), 137, 

153. 
argentinus (Enipidochanes), 
224. 
arqaata (Phcenicocichla), 

431. 
arquata (Pitta) 431. 
Arundinicola, 3, 37. 
asilus (Muscipeta), 121. 
assimilis (Mionectes), 113. 
assimilis (Pitta), 428. 
assimilis (Pbarisomus), 
458. 
assimilis (Bhynchocyclus), 
168. 
aterrima (Sericoptila), 44. 
aterrimus (Cnipolegus), 

42,44,45, & h 
aterrimus (Paebyrhynchus), 
334. 
atricapilla (Melanopitta), 

438. 
atricapilla (Pipra), 341. 
atricapilla (Pitta), 438, 
439, 440, 443. 
atricapilla (Tityra), 333. 
atricapilla sanghirana 

(Pitta), 440. 
atricapillus (Bathmidurus), 
347. 
atricapillus (Brachyurus), 
438. 
atricapillus (Hadrostomus), 
333, 334. 
atricapillus (Lanius), 

347. 
atricapillus (Orchilus), 
88, 89. 
atricapillus 
(Pachyrhampbus), 
337, 338, 341, 
317, 348. 

atricapillus (Psiris), 341. 
atricaudus (Myiobius) 
199,200. ;' 
atriceps (Empidonax), 

atriceps (Megasfcoma) 

;' 
atriceps (Mitrephanes), 
219, 220, 221. 
atriceps (Myiarchus), 
247,259. " ; 
atrifrons (Tyrannus), 186. 
atripennis (Fluvicola) 
35,37. h 
atrirostris (Empidonax), 

190.
157. 
atronitens (Xenopipo), 
atropurpurea (Ampelis), 
atropurpurea (Xipholena), 
387, 3SS. 
atropurpureus (Myiar


chus), 215. 
Attila, 358. 
Attila sp., 362. 
Auchmalea, 60. 
audax (Hadrostomus) 


OfJO. 

auclax (Megarhynehus), 

185. 
audax (Muscicapa), 185. 
auclax (Mviodynastes), 
182, 184, 185, 186. 
audax (Seaphorhynehus), 

185. 
auclax (Tyrannus), 183, 
185. 
audax insolens (Myiodynastes), 
1^2. 
audax nobilis (Myiodynastes), 
184, 
Aulanax, 32. 
Aulia, 349, 354. 
aurantia(Muscipeta), 343. 
aurantia (Rupicola), 369. 
aurantiaca (Chiromachae


ris), 312,31(1 
aurantiacus (Metopothrix), 
292. 

aurantiiventris (Mitrephanes), 
219, 220. 
aurantiiventris (Mitre


phorus), 219. 
aurantiiyertex (Heterocercus), 
324, 325. 
aurantio - atro - cri&tatus 
(Empiclonomus), 2i>d, 

266. 
aurantio - atro - eribtatus 
(Tyrannus) 266. 

ALPHABimCAL INDEX, 

aureipectus (Ampelis). 

380. 
aureipectus (Eucblorornia), 
380. 
aureipectus (Pipreola), 
377, 380. 
aureipectus (Pyrrhorhynchus), 
380. 
aurenentris (Myiobius), 
199, 205. 
aureola (Pipra), 292,293, 

294. 
aurieapilla (Pipra), 293, 
29(1 
auriceps (Myiobius), 209. 
auriculare (Todirostrum), 

88. 
auricularis (Orchilus), 88, 
89 
auricularis (Platyrhynchus), 
88. 
auricularis (Triccus), 89. 
auriflamma (Tyrannus), 

2m. 

aurifrons (Elainea), 323. 
aurifrons (Euscarthmus), 

323. 
aurifrons (Heteropelma), 

323. 
aurifrons (Muscicapa), 

323. 
aurifrons (Neopelma), 

323. 
auritus (Leptopogon), 

115. 
aurocapillus (Manacus), 

296. 
aurora (Eupbone), 392. 
aurora (Muscicapa), 251. 
axillaris (Empidonax), 

223. 
azarae (Alectura), 39. 
azarae (Cyanotis), 109, 

110. 
azarse (Fluvicola), 13. 
azarse (Begulus), 110. 

babamensis (Blacicus), 
241, 242. 
babamensis (Oontopus), 

242. 
babamensis (Empidonax), 

242. 
babamensis (Pitangus), 
175, 180. 
babamensis (Tyrannula), 

261. 
bairdi (Empidonax), 222, 
228, 230, 231. 
bairdi (Myiodynastes), 
182, 186, 187, 188. 
VOL. XIV. 

bairdi (Sauropbagus), 

186. 
Bald Crow, 401. 
bangkana (Bracbyurus), 

443. 
bangkana (Pitta), 443. 
barb ita (Muscicapa), 190. 
barbata (Museipeta), 199. 
barbatus (Myiobius), 198, 
199,201. 
Barbichon de Cayenne, 
155, 199. 
barbirostris (Blacicus), 
241,244. 
barbirostris (Tyrannula), 

244. 
Bare-necked Grakle, 402. 
Batbmidurus, 337. 
baudi (Bracbyurus), 444. 
baudi (Iriclipitta), 444. 
baudi (Pitta), 414, 444. 
bellicosa (Hiruudinea), 
195, 196. 
bellicosus (Pitangus), 

177. 
bellicosus (Sauropbagus), 

177. 
bellicosus (Tyrannns), 

196. 
bellulus (Tyrannus), 40. 
bellus (Myiobius), 199, 

207. 
bengalensis (Bracbyurus), 

423. 
bengalensis (Corvus),423. 
bengalensis (Pitta), 423. 
berlepsebi (Pbyllomyias), 
121, 123. 
bertie (Pitta), 419, 425. 
bicolor (Fluvicola), 35, 

36. 
bicolor (Muscicapa), 35. 
bicolor (Platyrhynchus), 

35. 
Bigotillo, 67. 
bimaculata (Museipeta), 

224. 
bimaculatus (Empidonax), 
216, 222, 224, 

225. 
Blacicus, 189, 241. 
Black-cheeked Thrush, 

410. 
blancoi (Blacicus), 241, 

243. 
Blecbropus, 10. 
bloxami (Phytotoina), 

406. 
bloxami (Sylvia), 106. 
bogotensis (Oontopus), 

238. 

bogotensis (Tyrannula), 

238. 
boissoneaui (Tyrannus), 

17. 
boliviana (Muscicapara), 
121, 134, 152. 
bolivianus (Attila), 358. 
bolivianus (Pitangus), 
174,177. 
bolivianus (Sauropbagus), 

177. 
bolivianus (Tyranniscus), 
130,134. 
borealis (Oontopus), 234, 

235. 
borealis (Tyrannus), 234. 
boschi (Eucicbla), 445, 

447. 
boschi (Pitta), 447. 
brachycerca (Pitta), 423. 
braehyrhynchus (Oontopus), 
234, 236. 
braob\ tarsus (Oontopus), 
234, 240, 245. 
brachytarsus (Empidonax), 
240. 
brachyura (Citta), 423. 
brachyura (Myiothei*a), 

420. 
brachyura (Pitta), 413, 
419, 423, 426, 427. 
Braehj urus, 413. 
bracbyurus (Con us), 423, 

427. 
bracbyurus (Merula), 

427. 
bracbyurus (Myiarcbus), 

246. 
bracbyurus (Pipra), 303. 
braebvurus (Tyranneutes), 
302, 303. 
brachyurus, var. bengalensis 
(Corvus), 423. 
bracbyurus, var. madagascariensis 
(Corvus), 

420. 
brachyurus, var. philippensis 
(Corvus), 438. 
brasiliensis (Attila), 358, 
359, 360. 
brasiliensis (Psaris), 

329. 
brasiliensis (Tityra), 328, 

329. 
brasiliensis (Tyrannus), 

189. 
Br§ve de Malacca (Le), 

423. 
Breve des Pbilippines, 

438. 
Breve irene, 427. 
2i 


brevicauda (Coloburis), 

438. 
brevicauda (Muscigralla), 

03. 
brevicauda (Ochthites), 

63. 
brevicauda (Turdus), 438. 
brevirostris (Cyclorhyncliua), 
166. 
brevirostris (Elainea), 
122,155. 
brevirostris (Empida gra), 

155. 

brevirostris (Muscicapa), 

137. 
brevirostris (Pbyllomyias), 
121, 122. 
brevirostris (Platyrhynchus), 
121. 
brevirostris (Rhynchocyclus), 
165, 166. 
Brissonia, 409. 
brunnea (Muscisaxicola), 

53. 
brunneicapillus (Blacicus), 
241,243. 
brunneicapillus (Tyrannous), 
128, 129. 
brurmeseens (Empidonax). 
224. 
brunneus (Empidonax), 

224. 
buckleyi (Plilocbloris), 
317, 318. 
"Buddinghia. 409. 
budytoides (Culicivora), 

100. • 
budytoides (Setophaga), 

100. 
budytoides (Stigraatura), 

100. 
burmeisteri (Pbyllomyias), 
121, 122. 
byronensis (Regulus), 

110. 

oabanisi (Onipolegus), 43, 
47, 48. 
Caenotriccus, 64, 86. 
cserulea (Ampelis), 382. 
eflsrulea (Cotinga), 382, 

383. 
cserulea (G-igantipitta), 

416. 
easrulea (Hydrornis),416. 
cserulea CMyiothera), 416. 
eserulea (Pitta), 413, 416. 
escruleitorques (Pitta), 

433. 
cfleruleocapilla (Pipra), 
293, 300. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

cseruleus (Brachyurus), 

436. 
calciratus (Tyrannus), 

356. 
Oallopsaris, 337. 
Calopitta, 414, 419. 
caloptera (Fonmcivora), 

29. 
caloptera (Ochthceca), 29. 
caloptera (Serpophaga), 

29. 
calopterum (Todirostruni), 
69, 72. 
calopterus (Mecoeerculus), 
27, 29, 30. 
calva (Ampelis), 401. 
calva (Coraeina), 401. 
cilvus (Corvus), 401. 
calvus (G-vmnocephalus), 

401. 
Calyptomena, 455. 
Calyptura, 372, 390. 
Camptostorna, 125. 
cancroma (Platyrhyncbus), 
m, 67. 68. 
cancroma (Todus), 67. 
canerominus (Platyrbynchus). 
64, 66. 
candasi (Chiromaebseris), 
312, 314. 
canda?i (Manacus), 314. 
candasi (Pipra), 314. 
caniceps (Elainea), 137, 
150, 151. 
caniceps (Tyrannula), 

151. 
cantans (Myiarchus), 253, 

254. 
capistrata (Ptyonura), 

53. 
capitale (Todirostrum), 
69, 75. 
capitalis (Mitrepbanes), 
219, 220. 
capitalis (Myiobius), 220. 
Capsiernpis, 109, 120. 
capucinus (Gymnocephalus), 
401. 
Caracterizado bianco cabos 
negros, 329. 
Caracterizado canela y 
cabeza negra, 333. 
Caracterizado verde corona 
negra, 338. 
cai'ibsea (Muscicapa), 242. 
caribeea (Muscipeta), 242. 
caribseus (Blacieus), 241, 
242, 243. 
caribaeus (Contopus), 242. 
caribseus, var. bahamensis 
(Contopus), 242. 

caribous, var. hispaniolensis 
(Contopus), 242. 
caribous, var. pallidus 
(Contopus), 243. 
carnifex (Ampelis), 367, 

368. 
carnifex (Phcenicercus), 

367. 
carnifex (Pncenieocercus), 

367. 
carnivorus (Tyrannus), 

190. 
carolinensis (Tyrannus), 
267, 208. 
Carpodectes. 372, 389. 
Carpornis, 373. 
carribiea, var. hispaniolen
«is(Tyrannula). 242. 
carunculata (Ampelis), 

403. 
Carunculated Chatterer, 

403. 
carunculatus (Chasmorhvnchus), 
403. 
Casiornis, 358, 365. 
Casmorhynehos, 403. 
cassinii (Tvrannus), 269. 
castanea (Philepitta), 410. 
castanea (Tityra), 343. 
castaneus (Turdus), 410. 
castelnaucli (Megalophm), 
192. 
eastelnaudi (Muscivora), 

192. 
castelnaucli COnychorhynchus), 
192. 
caudacuta (Oalyptomena), 
456. 
caudata (Cbiroxiphia), 
307,310. 
caudata (Pipra\ 310. 
caudif asciatus (Pitangus), 
175, 179. 180. 
caudifasciatus (Tyrannus), 
179, 180. 
oayana (Ampelis), 385. 
cavana (Cotinga), 382, 
385, 386. 
cavana (Rupicola), 369. 
cayana (Tityra), 327,328, 
*329. 
cayanensis (Elsenea), 160. 
cavanensis (Muscicapa), 

160. 
cayanensis (Psaris), 328. 
cayanensis (Tyrannus), 

253. 
cayanensis minor (Tyrannus), 
251. 
cavanus (Lanius), 328. 
eayanus (Psaris), 328,329. 

cayennensis (Ampelis), 

080. 
cayennensis (Gyrnnoderus), 
402. 
cayenneiibis (Muscicapa), 

178. 
cayennensis (Muscipota), 
101. 
cayennensis (Myiozetetes), 
159, 160, 162. 
cayennensis (Tyrannula), 

102. 
celebensis (Brachyurus), 
486. 
celebensis (Erythropitta"), 
436. 
celebensis (Pitta), 432, 
436,437. 
Centrites, 8, 60. 
Cent 1*0pbanes, 60. 
Cepbalanius, 173. 
cephaloptera (Ooracina), 

399. 
Oephalopterus, 395, 398. 
cephalotes (Myiarehus), 
247, 254. 
Ceratopipra, 283, 288. 
Ceratotriccus, 64, 85. 
Cercophama, 307. 
Cervinipitta, 414. 
eervmiventris (Rhyneho


cyclus), 243. 
Chastuorhynehus, 395, 

403. 
Charterer, Carunculated, 
403. 
Chatterer, Variegated, 
405. 
Chelidis, 372. 
chilensis (Ochthoeca), 
56. 
chiriquensis (Elainea), 

138. 
Chirocy% 349. 
Chiromachteris, 283, 312. 
Chiroprion, 307. 
Chirox\pbia, 283, 307. 
cblorion (Hemipipo), 285. 
cblonon (Piprites), 283, 
284, 285. 
cbloris (Acanthidositta), 

451. 
cbloris (Acanthisitta), 
451. 
cbloris (Hemipipo), 284. 
cbloris (Pipra), 284. 
cbloris (Piprites), 283, 
284. 
cbloris (Sitta), 451. 
cblorolepidota (Pipreola), 
876. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

cbloromeros (Pipra), 293, 

295. 
Chloropipo, 283, 286. 
Chloropsaris, 887. 
OboiTcado todo, 185. 
Olioucas ebauve de Cayenne, 
4U1. 
chrysoeephalum (Heteropelma), 
819, 822. 
ch rysocephalus (Hypermitres), 
18S. 
clirysocephalus (Megarliynchus), 
187, 190. 
cbr j soceph alus (AI vioclynastes), 
182, 183" 187. 
clirysocephalus (Pitangiw), 
187. 
clirysocephalus (Scaphorhynchus), 
187. 
chrysocephalus minor 
(Myiodynastes), 187. 
chrysoceps (Muscipeta), 

209. 
chrysoceps (Platyrhynchuh), 
209. 
chrysoceps (Tyrannula), 

209. 
chrysocbloris (Muscicapa), 
41. 
chrysocrotaphum (Todirostrum), 
69, 71. 
chrysogaster (Megarhynchus), 
190. 
Chrysolopbus, 52. 
chr^sopogon (Pipra), 372. 
chrysops (Tyranniscus), 

130, 135. 
chrysops (Tyrannulus), 

135. 
chrysoptera (Ampelis), 
373. 
chrysoptera (Anticorys), 
291. 
chryooptera (Pipra), 291. 
chrvfeoptera(Ptiloebloris), 
373. 
cbrysopterus (Masius), 
290, 291. 
Chrysopteryx, 373. 
cinchoneti (Conopias), 

173, 174. 
cinchoneti (Tvrannus),41, 

174. 
cincta (Ampelis), 383. 
cmefca(Cotinga),382, 383, 
384. 
cinctus (Ampelio), 375. 
cinctus (Ampelion), 378, 
ohictub (Ampelis"), 875. 
rineracea (Ampelis), 852. 

cineracea (Lathria), 352. 
cineracea (Sayornis), 32, 

34. 
cineracea (Tyrranula), 34. 
cineraeeus (Lipaugus), 
851, 352. 
cineraeeus (Myiochanes), 

246. 
cinerascens (Elainea), 
ISO. 
cinerascens (Museicajm), 

356. 
cinerascens (Myiarehus), 
246, 248, 250. 
cinerascens (Pachyrhynchus), 
333. 
cinerascens (Tyrannula), 

248. 
cinerea (Ampelis), 352. 
cmerea (Dasycepbala), 
363. 
cinerea(Elainea), 103,136. 
cinerea (Lathria), 350, 
352. 
cinerea (Muscicapa\ 363. 
cinerea (Muscisaxicola), 
53, 55. 
cinerea (Pipra), 341. 
cinerea (fSerphophaga), 

102, 103. 
cinerea (Tityra), 328. 
cinerea (Tyrannula), 245. 
cinereiceps (Cyclorbyn


chus), 169. 
cinereiceps (Rbynchocyclus), 
165, 169, 170. 
cinereiceps (Tyranniscus), 
130, 131. 
cinereiceps (Tyrannula), 

131. 
cinereicolle (Todirostrum), 
88. 
cinereicollis (Euscarthmus), 
88. 
cinereicollis (Orchilus), 

8a 

..

cinereigulare (Oncostoma), 
76, 77. 
cinereigulare (Todirostrum), 
77. 

cinereiventris (Pachyrbampbus), 
338, 344, 
345, 346. 

cinereocapilla (Phyllomyias), 
121. 
cinereum (Todiro&truru), 
69,70,71. 
cinereus (ittila), 359,363, 

304. 
cinereus (Cninole^us), 43? 
47. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

einerous (Contopuw), 245. 
cinereus (JSuscarthinus), 
103, 104. 
einercuH (Myiarcbus), 245. 
einerous (Myiocbanes), 

245. 
cincreus (Pacbyrbamplms), 
3^8, 341. 
cinercus (Platyrbj nchus), 

245. 
ciuereub (Todus), 69, 73. 
ciuereus (Triccus), 70. 
cinereus (Tyrannus), 11. 
cinnamomea (Muscipeta), 

202. 
cinnamomea (Ncopipo), 

303. 
cinnamornea (Pipra), 303. 
cinnamomea (Tyrannula), 

202. 
cinnauiomeiventris (Ocbthoeca), 
19, 24, 25, 
cinnaniomeiventris (Setopbaga), 
24. 
cinnamoineus (Attila), 

358. 
cinnamomeus (Myiobius), 
198, 202, 203. 
cinnamomeus (Pacbyrliamphus), 
337, 342. 
cinnamomeus (Pyrrhomyias), 
202. 
ciroumcinctus(Tyrannus), 

155. 
Oirrliipipra, 280. 
Oirrbopipra, 283, 289, 
citreola (Arundinicola), 

95. 
citreopyga (Dasycephala), 

361. 
citreopygius (Attila), 359, 
301, 362. 
citrina (Acantbisitta), 

451. 
citrina (Motacilla), 451. 
citrina (Muscicapa), 155. 
citrina (Sylvia), 451. 
Citrine Warbler, 451. 
citrinella (Motacilla), 451. 
citrinifrons (Ocbtlioeca), 
19, 22, 23. 
citriniventris(Attila), 359, 
363, 364. 
citrinopygius (Myiobius), 

200. 
Citta, 413. 
climacura (Fluvicola), 35, 
36, 37. 
clymazura (CEnantbe), 36. 
Cnipodectes, 189,197. 
Cnipolegus, 3, 42, 

coccinea (Ampelis), 367. 
coccinea (Pipra), 368. 
coccinea (Pitta), 429, 

431. 
ccelestis (Cotinga), 382. 
Cola rara pardo y bianco, 

39. 
Oolnud de Cayenne (Le), 

402. 
Coloburns, 414. 
colombianus (M> iozetetes), 
162. 
Colon, 50. 
colonus (Copurus), 50. 
colonus (Muscicapa), 50. 
Colopterus, 04, 90. 
Oolorbamphus, 101. 
comata (Muscicapa), 43. 
comatus (Cnipolegus), 42, 
43, 44. 
concinna (Pitta), 420, 

426. 
eoncmnus (Bracbyurus), 

426. 
Oonopias, 109, 173. 
consobrina (Ocbtboeca), 

30. 
consobrinus (Mecocerculus), 
27, 30. 
Contopus, 189, 234. 
Contramaestre copatillo 
ordinario, 102. 
Contramaestre pardo verdoso 
corona aruazilla, 

148. 
cooperi (Contopus), 234. 
cooperi (Muscicapa), 234. 
cooperi (Myiarcbus), 250. 
Copurus, 3, 50. 
Coracina, 397, 402. 
coracina (Pipra), 297, 

298. 
Coracopitta, 412,449. 
Oorapipo, 292. 
cornuta (Geratopipra), 

288. 
corauta (Pipra), 287, 

288. 
coronata (Cbiromacbasris), 
312, 316. 
coronata (Muscicapa), 

coronata (Pepoaza), 12. 
coronata (Pipra), 299. 
coronata (Pitta), 423, 
427, 443. 
coronata (Suiriri), 212. 
coronata (Tsenioptera), 
11, 12. 
coronata(Tyrannula),213. 
coronata (Xolmis), 12. 

coronatus (Bracbyurus), 

423. 
coronatus (Myiarcbus), 

211. 
coronatus (Platyrbynclius), 
65. 
coronatus (Pyrocephalus), 

211. 
coronatus (Turdus), 423? 

427. 
coronatus (Tyrannus), 12. 
Coronis, 402. 
coronulatus (Masius), 290, 

291. 
Corydon, 458, 466. 
coryclon (Eury laimusj, 
46«5. 
Cotinga, 372, 382. 
Cotinga (Le), 382. 
cotinga (Ampelis), 382. 

38Z. 

Cotinga blano de Cavenne, 

403. 
Cotinga cendre (Le), 352. 
Cotinga de Cayenne, 38J. 
Cotinga cles Maynas, 386. 
Cotinga du Bret.il, 383. 
Cotinga pourpre de Cayenne, 
387. 
cotta (Elaiuea), 137, 149. 
coucbi (Tyrannus), 274. 
cozuinela* (Attilat, 359. 
crassirostris(Bracbyurus), 

427. 
crassirostris (Megarhynchusj, 
271. 
crassirostris (Melittarcbus), 
271. 
crassirostris (Pitta), 420, 

427. 
crassirostris (Tyrannus), 
267, 271. 
erinita (Muscicapa), 247. 
crinita (Tyrannula), 247. 
crinitus (Myiarcbus), 246r 
247, 248,249. 
crinitus (Myionax), 248. 
crinitus (Todus), 80. 
crinitus (Triccus), 80. 
crinitus (Tyrannus), 247. 
251, 252. 
crinitus cooperi (Myiarcbus), 
250. 
crinitus erytbocercus 
(Myiarcbus), 250. 
crinitus, var. cinerascens(
Myiarchus), 249. 
crinitus, var. crinitus 
(Myiarcbus), 248. 
crinitus, var. irritablis 
(Myiarcbus), 251, 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

cristata (Calyptura), 394. 
cristata (Elainea), 142, 

143. 
cristata (Motacilla), 91. 
cristata (Muscicapa), 102. 
cristata (Pbibalura), 372. 
cristata (Pbyllomyias), 
cristatellus (Anseretes), 

102. 
cristatus (Blecbropus), 
43. 
cristatus (Colopterus), 91. 
cristatus (Oxyrbyncbus),' 
281. 
cristatus (Pardalotus), 
394. 
cristatus (Pbyllomyias), 
cristatus (Psaris), 333. 
crocea (Pupioola), 369. 
Crossodera, 458. 
Crow, Bald, 401. 
crudelis (Tyranmis), 274. 
cruenta (Muscicapa), 396. 
cruenta (Querula), 396, 

397. 
cruentus (Threnoedus), 
396. 
crypterytbrus (Myiobius), 
'190, 210. 
cryptolopha (Latbria), 
350, 354. 
cryptoxautbus(M y iobius), 
"199, 211. 
cucullata (Ampel is), 374. 
cucullata (Coloburis), 443. 
cucullata (Melanopitta), 

443. 
cucullata (Pitta), 414, 
438, 442. 
cucullata (Procnias), 374. 
cucullatus (Ampelio), 

374. 
cucullatus (Ampelion), 
373, 374. 
cucullatus (Bracbyurus), 

443. 
cucullatus (Oarpornis), 
374. 
cucullatus (Oymbirkynchus), 
465. 
cucullatus (Eurylaemus), 

465. 
Culicivora, 64, 97. 
cunningbamii (Gubernetes), 
40. 
cunninghamii (Tyran


nus), 41. 
cuprea (Ampelis). 367. ^ 
cursoria (Fluvicola), 36. 

curtipes (Tyrannula), 

245. 
cuvieri (Pacbyrbyncbus), 
33S. 
cuviorii (Pacbyrbamphus), 
339. 

cuyierii (Psaris), 338. 

cyanea (Eucicbla), 417. 

c\ anea (Gigantipitta), 

"417. 

cyanea (Pitta), 414, 417. 

cyaneocapilla (Pipra), 

292, 293, 299. 
cyaneus (Bracltyuriifa), 


417. 
cyanirostris (Cnipolegus), 
42, 44, 40. 
cyanirostris (Muscicapa), 

46. 
cyanirostris (Sericoptila), 
46. 
cyanonota (Erythropitta), 
435. 
cyanonota (Pitta), 432, 

435. 
cyanonotus (Bracbyurus), 
435, 
Cyanopitta, 414. 
cyanoptera (Ooloburis), 

420. 
cyanoptera (Pitta), 419, 
" 420, 422. 
cyanopterus (Bracbyurus), 
420. 
Cyanotis, 109. 
cyanura (Eucicbla), 445, 

446, 447. 
cyanura (Myotbera), 445. 
cyanura (Pitta), 445. 
cyanurus (Turdus), 445. 
Cybcrnetes, 3. 40.^ 
Cyclorbyncbus, 165. 
Cyrnbirhyncbus, 468. 
Cymborbyncbus, 458,468. 

dalhousise (Crossodera), 

459. 
dalhousiae (Eurylaimus), 
458, 459. 
dalhousia? (Pearisomus), 

458. 
Dasycepbala, 358. 
Dasyncetopa, 292. 
Dasyopsis, 358. 
dayisoni (Bracbyurus), 
417. 
deliciosa (Pipra), 305. 
deliciosus (Machaeropterus), 
304, 305,306. 
depressirostris(Contopus), 

234. 
derbianus (Pitangus), 174, 
175,176. 
derbianus (Saurophagus), 

175. 
derbianus rufiponnis (Pitangus), 
175. 
Despotes, 277. 
despotes (Muscicapa), 

274. 
diadema (Mecocerculus), 
26. 
diadema (Myiobius), 26. 
diarlema (Ocbthoeea), 19, 
26. 
diadema (Tyrannula), 
26. 
difficilis (Empidonax), 
222, 229. 
digglesi (Pitta), 437. 
dimidiatus (Pacbyrbam


phua), 340. 
diops (Hemitriccus), 91. 
diops (Muscicapa), 91. 
diops (Todirostrum), 91. 
Dixiphia, 292. 
Doliornis, 372, 390. 
clominicana (Muscicapa), 

37. 
clominicana (Pepoaza), 
13. 
dominicana (Ta2nioptera)7 
11, 13, 14. 
doniinicanus (Muscicapa), 

13. 
dominicanus (Tyrannus), 
13. 
dominicensis (Lanius), 
272. 
dominicensis (Melittarcbus), 
272. 
dominicensis (Muscicapa)r 

272. 
dominicensis (Myiarcbus), 
247, 260. 
dominicensis (Sayornis)T 

242. 
dominicensis (Tyranrulus), 
272. 
dor&alis (Pacbyrbampbus), 
344, 345. 
dorsalis (Sylvia), 61. 
Dryinonax, 267. 
dubius (Pyocephalus), 

214, 215. 
dupontii (Platyrbynchus), 
338. 

ecarunculatus (Chasmorbyncbus), 
404. 
ecaudatum (Todirostrum), 
88, 89. 

478 

ocaudatus (Orehilus), 88, 
HO. 
odwardsii (Mauacua), 

313. ^ 
odwardnii (Pipra), 313. 
Klas ion, 130. 
Elainoa, 109, 130. 
Elamaa sp., 147. 
data (Pipra), 129. 
olara (Sylvia), 1^8. 
olatuH (Tyraimiilutt), 128. 
olegaus (Ampelis), 381. 
olegaus (Klainoa), 14^, 
15!), 151. 
elegans (Muscicapa), 148. 
elegans (Pipreola), 377, 

381. 
olegans (Pitta), 427, 447. 
elegans (Rupicola), 369. 
elegans (Vermivora), 108. 
ellioti (Eueiohla), 445, 
448. 
ellioti (Pitta), 448. 
emilias (Iodopleura), 393. 
Empidagra, 101), 154. 
Empidias, 181), 204. 
Empidochanch, 189, 210. 
Empidoim, 189, 221. 
Empidonax sp., 225. 
Empidonomus, 189, 265. 
Entomophagus. 35. 
Erator, 328. 
erythrocephala (Pipra), 
295, 290. 
erythrocorcus (Myiarchus), 
250, 251. 
erythrocercub.var cooperi 
(Myiarchus), 250. 
erythrocerciib, var. erythrocercus( 
Myiarchus), 

251. 
erythrogaster (Brachyurus), 
432. 
erythrogaster (Coloburis), 

432. 
erythrogastra (Erythropitta), 
432. 
erythrogastra (Pitta), 
432, 433. 
erythrogenys (Psaris), 

331. 
erythronofca (Lessonia), 
'61. 
erythronotus (Anthus), 

01. 
Erythropitta, 413, 414, 
432. 
erythrops (Leptopogon), 
115, 119. 
erythroptera (Lichenops), 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

cry throptora (Tyrannula), 
*159. 
erythroptorus (Myiozoteloa), 
159. 
erylbropygia (Teonioptera), 
9. 
erythropygiu^ (Myiotheretes), 
8, 0. 
erythn >rhynchus (Ohrysopteryx), 
373. 
ery thrura (Tyrannula), 

203. 
erythrurus (Myiobius), 
'198, 203. 
Euchlornis, 376. 
Euchlororais, 37(1 
Eueiohla, 412, 445. 
euleri (Empiducbanes), 

22 k 
Eulopogort, 403. 
eupogon (Muscicapa), 199. 
Eupsilostoma, 97. 
Euryhemus, 458, 403. 
Eurylaimus, 403. 
Euscarthmus, 64, 78. 
Exetastes, 328. 
Exetastus, 328. 
e\ile (Todi rostrum), 90. 
eximia (Muscicapa), 97, 

98. 
eximius (Euscarthmus), 
08. 
eximius 
(Pogonotriccus), 
97, 98. 

fallax (Elainea), 137, 

147. 
fasciata (Muscicapa), 199. 
fasciata (Pipra), 293, 
294. 
fasciatus (Myiarchus), 44. 
fernandeziana (Culici-
Yora), 107. 
fernandezianus (Anajretes), 
100, 107. 
fernandezianus (Eus


carthmus), 107. 
ferocior (Myiarchus), 253. 
ferox (Muscicapa), 251, 

ferox (Myiarchus), 246, 
247,251,253,254,255, 

256. 
ferox (Tyrannus), 251, 
253. 
ferruginea (Hirundinia), 
195, 196. 
ferruginea (Muscivora), 

196. 
ferruginea (Phoneui ria), 
190. 
ferruginea (Tyrannula), 

209. 
ferrugineiceps (Elainea), 
207. 
ferrugineus (Myiarchus), 
195. 
ferrugiueus (Todus), 195. 
Figuier hupe de Cayenne, 
91. 
filicauda (Oirrhipipra), 
289. 
filicauda (Oirrhopipra), 
289. 
filicauda (Oopurus), 50. 
filicauda (Pipra), 289. 
filicauda (Platvrhynehus), 
50. 
filicauduin (Teleonema), 
289. 
flammiceps (Muscicapa), 
209. 
fiamraioeps (Oxyrhamphus), 
280, 2Si. 
flammiceps (Oxyrhynchus), 
281. 
flainmulatus (Attila), 358. 
flammulatus (Myiarchus), 

247, 263. 
flaveola (Capsieuapis), 

120. 
flaveola (Cliiromachams), 
312, 315. 
flaveola (Muscicapa), 

120. 
flaveola (Muscipeta), 120. 
flaveolus (Manacus), 315. 
flavescens (Empidonax), 
, 222, 231. 
flavicans (Myiobius), 85, 
199, 205, 206, 207, 
flavicapilla (Chloropipo), 

286. 
flavicapilla (Pipra), 286. 
ilavicapillum (Heteropelma), 
319,321. 
fiaviceps (Megastoma), 

190. 
flavicollis (Chloropipo), 
286. 
flavicollis (Pipra), 393, 
294. 
flavidifrons (Tyranniscus), 
135. 
flavidifrons (Tyrannulua), 
135. 
flavifrons (Todirostrum), 
71. 
flavifrons (Tyranniscus), 
135. 
flavigularis 
(Platyrhynelms), 
64, 05. 

flavmucha (Muscisaxicola), 
53, 57. 
flavirostris (Ampbibolura), 
372. 
flavirostris (Anseretes), 
106, 108. 
flavirostris (Phibalura), 

372. 
flavitincta (Pipra), 315. 
flaviventer (Cyclorhynchus), 
171. 
flaviventre (Cainptostoraa), 
120. 
flaviventris (Alecturus), 

94. 
flaviventris (Arundinieola), 
94. 
flaviventris (Empidonax), 
222,229,230. 
flaviventris (Euscarthmus), 
94, 95. 
flaviventris (Hapoloeercus), 
93, 94. 95. 
flaviventris (Muscipeta), 


171. 
flaviventris (Platyrhynchus), 
120. 
flaviventris (Rbynchocyclus), 
165, 171, 172. 
flaviventris (Tyrannula), 
119, 230. 
flaviventris, var. difiicilis 
(Empidonax), 229. 
flavivertex (Elainea), 137, 

151. 
flavhertex (Heteroeercus), 
324, 325. 
flavivertex (Muscisaxicola), 
57. 
flavo-cinerea (Phylloscartes), 
101. 
flavo cinerea (Stigmatura), 
100, 101. 
flavo-olivaceus (Rhynchocyclus), 
168, 169, 170. 
flavovirens (Leptopogon), 
115, 119. 
flavus (Clonus), 176. 
flavu s (Megarhyn cb us), 

178. 
fluviatilis (Muscisaxicola), 
54, 59. 
Eluvicola, 3, 35. 
Flycatcher, Whiskered, 

199. 
foetida (Coracina), 402. 
foetida (Graeula), 402. 
foetidus (Gymnoderus), 
402. 
forficata (Muscieapa), 
279. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

forilcatus (Qubernctes), 

41. 
forfieatus (Milvulus), 277, 
279. 
formoha (Aurpelis), 378. 
formosa (Euchlorornis), 
378. 
formosa (Pipreola), 376, 
378. 
formosa, (Pyrrhorbynchus), 
378. 
forsteni (Braebyurus), 

442. 
forsteni (Melanopitta), 
442. 
forsteni (Pitta), 438, 
442. 
frantzii (Elainea), 137, 
145, 146. 
fraseri (Tityra), 332. 
fraserii (Psaris), 332. 
frater (Oxyrhampbus), 


281. 
frater (Oxyrhynchus), 
281. 
frazari (Oontopus), 242. 
fringillaris (Ernpidocbanes), 
216, 224. 
frontalis (Eucblornis), 
379, 
frontalis (Pipreola), 376, 

379. 
frontalis (Ptyomira), 55. 
fuliginosa (Musoicapa), 
245. 
fuliginosa (Plancbesia), 
245. 
fulva (Alauda), 61. 
fulva (Muscisaxicola), 61. 
fulviceps (Enscarthmus), 
fulviceps (Hapalocereus), 
93,94. 
fulvifrons (Empidonax), 
221, 222. 
fulvifrons (Mitrepborus), 

222. 
fulvifrons (Musoicapa), 
222. 
fulvifrons pallescens 
(Empidonax), 223. 
fulvifrons pallescens (Mitrepbanes), 
222. 
fulvifrons pygmseus (Empidonax), 
223. 
fulvifrons pygmseus (Mitrepbanes), 
223. 
fulvifrons rubicundus 
(Empidonax), 222. 
fulvifrons rubicundus 
(Mitrepbanes), 223. 

471) 

fulvifrons, var. pallescens 
(Mitrepborus), 223. 
fulvipectus ((Jyclorhyn


chua), 167. 
fulvipectus (Empidonax), 
232, 233. 
fulvipectus (Khynoho


cyolus), 165, 167. 
fulvus (Anibus), 01. 
fumieolor (Oehthceca), 18, 

19, 20. 
fumi irons (Euscartbmus), 
78, 79. 
fuuiifrons (Todirostrum), 

79. 
fumigata (Oehtboeca), 
17. 
fumigata (Tyrannula), 
17. 
fumigatus (Myiobius), 
17. 
fumigatus (Ochthodiaita), 
10, 17. 
funebris (Copurus), 50. 
fureata (Muscieapa), 274. 
furcatum (Todirostrum), 

85. 
furcatus (Ceratotriccus), 
85. 
furcatus (Tyrannus), 
274. 
fusca (Ampelis), 393. 
fusca (CasioJiiis), 365, 
366. 
fusca (Iodopleura), 392, 
393. 
fusca (Muscieapa), 245, 
264. 
fuscata (Muscipela), 216. 
fuscatus (Empidochanes), 
216,224. 
fuscatus (Myiobius), 216. 
fuscieapilla (Muscieapa), 

26. 
fuscicapillus (Oopurus), 
51. 
fuscocinerea (Latbria), 
350,351. 
fuscocinerea (Querula), 

350. 
fuscocinereus (Lipaugus), 
350. 
fusco-rufus (Ocbthodineta), 
17, 18. 
fuscus (Aulanax), 264. 
fuscus (Empidias), 261, 

264. 
fuscus (Myiarcbus), 264. 
fuscus (Platyrbynchus), 
65. 
fuscus (Sayornis), 264. 
480 

gabbi (Pitangus), 175, 

180. 
gaimardi (Elainea), 137, 
150, 151, 152. 
gaimardi (Muscicapara), 

150. 
galeata (Antilophial, 290. 
galeata (Metopia), 200. 
galeata (Motacilla), 91. 
galeata (Musuieapa), 43. 
galeata (Pipra), 290, 
321. 
galeatus (Colopterus), 87, 
90, 91. 
Gallita, 38. 
Gallito, 39. 
geoffroyi (Philepitta), 

410. 
Gigantipitta, 413, 414, 
416. 
gigas (Elainea), 136, 140. 
gigas (Pitta). 417. 
gilviventris (Acantkisitta), 
453. 
gilviventris (Xenicus), 
452, 453. 
glaber (Sublegatus), 157, 

158. 
glabrioollis (Cepkalopterus), 
399, 400. 
gnatho (Musuieapa), 271. 
Gobe-mouche a poitrine 

tachetee de Cayenne, 

209. 
Gobe-mouche brim cle 
Cayenne, 245. 
Gobe-moucke huppe de 
Virginie, 248. 
Gobe-mouche noir a 
gorge pourpre de Cayenne, 
396. 

Gobe-moucbe 
olive de 
Cayenne. 224. 
Gobe-mouche Pie de 
Cayenne, 35. 
Gobe-moucLerouge hupe, 

211. 
Gobe-moucbe roux de 
Cayenne, 343. 
Gobe-mouche tachete* de 
Cayenne, 185. 
Gobe-mouche vert, 321. 
godmani (Leptogon), 114, 

116. 
Gold-naped Wren, 128. 
gossii (Tyrannula), 252. 
gracilipes (Tvranniseus), 
130,133,134. 
gracilirostris (Myiarcbus), 
259. 
gracilis (Elainea), 136. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

gracilis (Empidonax), 

227. 
Grakle, Bare-necked, 
402. 
granadense (Todirostrum), 
82. 
granadensis (Coracina), 

398. 
granadensis (Eusearthmus), 
78, 82, 83. 
granadensis (M/viozetetes), 
159, 163, 164. 
granadensis (Pyroderus), 
397, 398. 
granatina (Ervtkropitta), 

430. 
granatina (Phcenieocichla), 
430. 
granatina (Pitta), 414, 
429, 430, 431. 
granatinus (Brachvurus), 

430. 
grandis (Hyiozetetes), 
162. 
grata (Elainea), 148. 
gratiosa (Ockthoeca), 19, 
26. 
gratiosus (Mecoeercidus), 

20. 
Great-billed Tody. 46S. 
griset (Museisaxicolai, 
53. 55, 
grisea (Serpophag-i), 103. 
griseiceps (Phyllouiyias), 
134. 
griseiceps (Piprites), 283, 
285. 
griseiceps (Tyranniseus), 
130, 134. 
griseicollis (Muscicapa), 

157. 
griseigularis (Attila), 
358. 
griseigularis (Empidonax), 
228. 
griseigularis (Paehvrhamphus), 
338, 339. 
griseimentalis (Bhynckocyclus), 
166. 
griseipectus (Empidonax), 
222, 225. 
griseocapilla (Phyllomyias), 
121, 122, 123. 
griseocapilla(Tyrannula), 

griseocularis (Elainea), 

158. 
griseocularis (Sublegatus), 
158. 
griseogularis (Elainea), 

142. 
griseus (Melitfcarckus) 

272. h 
grise us (Packy rhampk us), 
griseus (Tyrannus), 267 

271, 272, 273. 
guaiana (Pitta), 446. 
guajanus (Turdus), 446. 
gualaquizss (Pogono


triccus), 98, 99. 
guatimaiensis (Saiico


phagus), 175. 
Gubernetes, 40. 
guianensis (Mriozetetes), 

guianensis (Psaris), 328. 
guillemini (Muscipeta), 

Guira-jeiapa, 39. 
guira-yetapa (Alectrurusi, 
40. 
guira-yetapa (P*alidura), 

40. 
gulare (Todirostrum), 81. 
gularis (Eusearthmus), 
78, 81, 82. 
gularis (Museieapa), 81. 
gurneyi (Eucichla), 445, 

448. 
gurneyi (PiiH), 448. 
guttata (lodopleura), 
393. 
gutfatum (Todirostrum), 
69, 71, 73. 
gutturalis lAgriornis), 5. 
guttural is (Coropipo), 

301. 
gutt uralis (Pepoaza), fl 
gutturalis (Pipraj, 292 
293, 301. 
gutturalis (Tyrannus), 4. 
gutturosa (Ckiroma


cha»ris), 312, 313, 314. 
gutturosa (Pipra), 314. 
gutturosus (Manacus), 


314. 
gymnocephala (Coracina), 
401. 
Gymnocepkalus, 395, 


401. 
gymnodera (Coracina), 
402. 
Gymnoderus, 395, 402. 
kaasti (Acanthisitta), 
453. 
kaasti (Xenicus), 453. 
Habia dentudo, 407. 
Habrura, 64, 96. 
Hadrostomus, 327, 333. 
Hasmatoderus, 395. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

haematodes (Dasy


cephala), 365. 
nematodes (Muscicapa), 

365. 
hammondi (Empidonax). 
222, 232. 
hamrnondii (Tyrannula), 

232. 
Hapalocercus, 64, 93. 
Hapalura, 97. 
hapalura (Muscicapa), 
Heilieura, 311. 
heinei (Pyrrhomyias), 

202. 
Heleornis, 413. 
Helicura, 283, 311. 
Heliochera, 372, 390. 
helviventris (Hapalocercua), 
93. 
hemichrysus (Hypermitres), 
188. 
hemichrysus (Myiody


nastes), 183, 188. 
Hemipenthica, 10. 
Hemipipo, 283. 
Hemitnccus, 64, 91. 
herbaeea (Pipra), 299. 
heterocerca (Cirrhopi


pra), 289. 
heterocerca (Pipra), 289. 
Heteroeercus, 317, 324. 
Heteropelma, 317, 318. 
Hirundinea, 189, 195. 
hirundinaceus (Platy


rhynchus), 196. 
hispaniolensis (Blacicus), 
241,242. 
hispaniolensis (Oonfcopus), 
242. 
hispaniolensis (Tyrannula), 
242. 
holerythrus (Lipaugus), 
356, 357. 
holochlora (Chloropipo), 
286, 287. 
holospodia (Tsenioptera), 
11, 14. 
homochrous (Hadrostomus), 
333, 334, 335. 
homochrous(Pachyrhamphus), 
334. 
horsfieldi (Eurylaimus), 

463. 
horsfieldi (Platyrhynchos), 
463. 
hudsoni (Cnipolegus), 42. 
45,46. 
Hydrornis, 413, 414. 
Hylocosmia, 382. 
Hypermitres, 182. 

YOI. XIV. 

hypoglaucus (Oxyrham


phus), 281, 282. 
hypoleuca (Serphophaga), 
102, 104. 

hypopyrrha (Ampelis), 

354. 
hypopyrrha (Aulia), 354. 
hypohyrrha (Laniocera) 
354. 
hypopyrrhus (Lipaugus), 
354. 
hypopyrrhus (Ptilochloris), 
354. 
hypospodia 
(Elainea), 
137, 144. 

icterophrys (Fluvicola), 

41. 
icterophrys (Muscicapa), 
icterophrys (Myiozete


tes), 162. 
icterophrys (Sisopygis), 

41. 
icterophrys (Suiriri), 41. 
icterophrys (Tamioptera), 
41. 
Ictiniscus, 49. 
igniceps (Heteropelma), 

319, 322. 
Ilicura, 311. 
illigeri (Triccus), 71. 
imberbe (Camptostoma), 

126. 
imberbe (Ornithion), 109, 
125, 126, 127. 
imberbe riclgwayi (Ornithion), 
127. 
immundus (Lipaugus), 
356, 357. 
impiger (Euscarthmus), 
78, 84. 
implacens (Elainea), 149. 
improbus (Tyranniscus), 

130, 133. 
inca (Tyrannus), 266. 
incanescens (Muscipeta), 

127, 158. 
incanescens (Myiopatis), 
123, 126. 
incanescens (Ornithion), 

126. 
incanescens (Sublegatus), 
158. 
incompta (Elainea), 136. 
incompta (Muscicapa), 
102. 
inerme (Ornithion), 125, 
126. 
inornata (Oonopias), 173. 
174. 
inornata (Muscicapa), 

234. 
inornata (Pitta), 434. 
inornatus (Euscarthmus), 
78,84. 
inornatus (Myiozotetes), 

174. 
inquisitor(Exetastes),331. 
inquisitor (Lanius), 331. 
inquisitor (Paaris), 331. 
inquisitor (Tityra), 328, 
ooX. 

insolens (Agriornis), 4, 
7,8. 
insularis (Platypsaris), 

OOQ. 

intermedins (Pachyrhamphus), 
343. 
intrepidus (Tyrannus), 

267. 
Iodopleura, 372, 390. 
iracunda (Ceratopipra), 
288. 
iracunda (Pipra), 288. 
irena (Brachyurus), 427. 
irena (Pitta), 420, 427, 
428. 
Iridipitta, 414, 444. 
iris (Brachyurus), 444. 
iris (Pitta), 438, 444. 
irritabilis (Myiarchus), 
251. 
irritabilis (Tyrannus), 
248, 251. 
irupero (Fluvicola), 14. 
irupero (Hemipenthica), 

14. 
irupero (Pepoaza), 14. 
irupero (Tamioptera), 10, 
11, 13, 14. 
irupero (Tyrannus), 13. 
isabellae (Iodopleura), 

392, 393, 394. 
isiclori (Philepitta), 410. 
isidori (Pipra), 293, 298. 

jala (Philepitta), 409, 

410. 
jala (Phyllornis), 410. 
jala (Turdus), 410. 
jardinii (Psaris), 331. 
Javan Tody, 463. 
javanicus (Eurylasrnus), 
463. 
jelskii (Ochthoeca), 22. 
joazeiro (Muscicapa), 52. 
jocosa (Muscicapa), 154. 
jucunda (Pipreola), 377, 
381. 
juninensis 
(Museisaxicola), 
53, 58. 

2K 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

kittlitzi (Pyrope), 15. 
Knipolegus, 42. 
kochi (Erythropitta),433. 
kochi (Pitta), 433. 
kreffti (Pitta), 428. 

lafresnayi (Cnipolegus), 

43. 
lamellipennis (Ampelis), 
389. 
lamellipennis (Xipholena), 
387, 388, 389. 
lanceolata (Chiroxiphia), 
307, 309. 
lanceolata (Pipra), 309. 
Laniisoma, 317. 
Laniocera, 354. 
Laphyctes, 267. 
laplacii (Iodopleura),393. 
laplacii (Pipra), 393. 
lateralis (Aulia), 354. 
lateralis (Lipaugus), 354. 
Lathria, 349, 350. 
Lathriosoma, 354, 
latirostris (Aulanax), 34. 
latirostris (Blacicus), 241, 

244. 
latirostris (Contopus), 
244. 
latirostris (Euscarthmus), 
78, 81. 
latirostris (Hadrostomus), 
336. 
latirostris (Myiobius), 


244. 
latirostris (Pachyrhamphus), 
336. 
latirostris (Platypsaris), 

336. 
latirostris (Sayomis), 34. 
lawrencei (Muscicapa), 

256. 
Lawrencia, 189, 233. 
lawrencii (Myiarchus), 
247, 256, 257. 
lawrencii nigricapillus 
(Myiarchus), 257. 
lawrencii olivascens 

(Myiarchus), 257. 
Legatus, 109, 155. 
Legatus sp., 157. 
legatus (Muscicapa), 155. 
lembeyei (Muscicapa), 

264. 
lemniscatus (Eurylaemus), 
469. 
lenzi (Poecilotriccus), 76. 
lenzi (Todirostrum), 69, 

Lepidothrix, 292. 
Leptocercus, 93. 

Leptopogon, 109,114. 

Leptopogon, sp. inc., 118. 

Leptotriccus, 64, 99. 

Lepturus, 93. 

lessoni (Ochthceca), 19, 

23, 24. 

Lessonia, 60. 

leucoeapilla (Pipra), 297. 

leucocephala (Arundi


nicola), 37. 

leucocephala (Dixiphia), 

37. 
leucocephala (Muscicapa), 
37. • 
leucocephala (Pipra), 37. 
leucocephalus (Mio


nectes), 37. 
leucocilla (Muscipeta), 

50. 
leucocilla (Pipra), 292, 
293, 297. 
leucogaster (Corvus), 


176. 
leucogaster (Pachyrhynchus), 
341. 
leucogaster (Tyrannus), 

268. 
leucogonys (Tyranniscus), 
130, 136. 
leucometopa (Ochthceca), 
19, 21, 22. 
leuconotus (Oopurus), 
50, 51. 
leuconotus (Tityra), 334. 
leucophrys (Fluvicola), 

21. 
leucophrys (Mecocereulus), 
27, 28, 30. ^ 
leucophrys (Muscicapa), 

27. 
leucophrys (Muscicapara), 
27. 
leucophrys (Ochthceca), 
19, 2i; 27. 
Leucopitta, 414, 417. 
leucoptera (Perspicilla), 

48. 
leucoptera (Pitta), 438. 
leucopygia (Iodopleura), 
392, 393. 
leucorrhoa (Pipra), 293, 

301. 
leucoryphus (Platyrhynchus), 
65. 
leucospodia (Elainea), 
137,144. 
leucotis (Tyrannus), 265. 
leucura (Agriornis), 6. 
leucura (Erator), 328. 
leucura (Serpophaga), 29. 
leucura (Tityra), 328. 

Lichenops, 3, 48. 
lictor (Lanius), 178. 
lictor (Pitangus), 174,178, 

179. 
lictor (Saurophagus), 178. 
limbatus (Buscarthmus), 
78'


linearis (Chiroxiphia), 

307, 309. 
linearis (Pipra), 309. 
lineata (Pipra), 304. 
linteata (Ekenea), 324, 

325. 
linteatus (Heterocercus), 
324. 
Lipaugus, 349, 356. 
littoralis (Elainea), 31. 
littoralis (Ochthornis), 
OL. 

livida (Agriornis), 4, 5, 

6. 
livida (Dasycephala), 5. 
livida (Pepoaza), 4. 
lividus (Thamnophilus), 
4. 
longicauda (Chiroxiphia), 
311. 
longicauda (Muscicapa), 
40. 
longicauda (Pipra), 310. 
longipennis (Milvulus), 
49. 
longipennis (Muscipipra), 
49. 
longipes (Acanthisitta), 
452. 
longipes (Motacilla), 452, 
longipes (Sylvia), 452. 
longipes (Tyrannus), 49. 
longipes (Xenicus), 450, 
452. 
Long-legged Warbler, 
452. 
lophotes (Knipolegus), 
4o. 
Lophotriccus, 64, 86. 
lubomirskii (Pipreola), 

377,380. 
lucaysiensis (Myiarchus), 
261,262. 
lucaysiensis (Tyrannula), 

261. 
ludoviciana (Muscicapa), 
248. 
ludovicianus (Tyrannus), 
248. 
luggeri (Tyrannus), 164. 
lugubris (Contopus), 234, 
236. 
lugubris (Coracopitta), 
449. 
lugubris (Melampitta), 

449. 
lugubris (Ochthodiseta), 
17. 
lugubris (Pitia), 449. 
lunatus (Eurylaimus), 
460. 
lunatus (Ptilochloris), 
317. 
lunatus (Serilophus), 460. 
lunulatus (Serilophus), 
460. 
lunulatus (Turdus), 410. 
luteiventris (Elaenea), 
164. 
luteiventris (Myiodynastes), 
182, 183, 184. 
luteiventris (Myiozetetes), 
159, 264. 
luteoeephala (Muscicapa), 

323. 
Machseropterus, 283, 

303. 
Machetornis, 3, 52. 
macilvainii (Elainia), 150. 
mackloti (Braehyurus), 
437. 
mackloti (Erythropitta), 
437. 
mackloti (Pitta), 413, 432, 
436, 437. 
macloviana (Muscisaxicola), 
53, 56. 
macloviana (Ptyonura), 

56. 
macloviana (Sylvia), 56. 
macrorhyncha (Pitta), 
438. 
macrorhynchus 
(Cymbo 
rhynchus), 454, 468, 

470. 
macrorhynchus (Todus), 
468. 
macrourus fasciatus (Turdus), 
420. 
maculatum (Todirostrum), 
69, 73, 74. 
maculatus (Platyrbynchus), 
73. 
maculatus (Todus), 73. ^ 
maculirostris (Muscisaxi


cola), 54, 59, 60. 
maculirostris (Ptyonura), 

59. 
madagascariensis (Corvus), 
420. 
madagascariensis aurea 
(Merula), 410. 
madagascariensis 
aurea 
(Turdus), 410. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

mafoorana (Pitta), 438, 

441. 
maforeana (Pitta), 441. 
maforensis (Pitta), 441. 
magister (Myiarchus), 
250. 
magnanimus (Tyrannus), 
176. 
magnirostris (Empido 
nax), 262. 
magnirostris (Melittarchus), 
273. 
magnirostris (Myiarchus), 
247, 262. 
magnirostris (Myiobius), 

262. 
magnirostris (Pitta), 427. 
maerdrostris (Tyrannus), 
267,273. 
major (Bathmidurus), 

346. 
major (Pachyrhamphus), 
338, 346,347. 
major (Psaris), 346. 
major (Schiffornis), 322, 

323. 
malaccensis (Bracbyurus), 
420. 
malaccensis (Ooloburus), 
420. 
malaccensis (Cymbirhynchus), 
468. 
malaccensis (Pitta), 420, 
423, 439, 443. 
malaccensis (Turdus), 


423. 
Manacus, 312. 
manacus (Chiromachas 
ris), 312, 313, 315. 

manacus (Pipra), 313. 

Manakin & tete noire de 

Cayenne, 313. 

Manakin cendre* de Ca


yenne, 341. 

Manakin du Bresil, 313. 

margaritaceiventer (Eu


scarthmus), 78, 80. 
margaritaceiventer (Todirostrum), 
80. 
margaritaceiventris (Triccus), 
80. 
marginata (Muscipeta), 

347. 
marginatus (Bathmidurus), 
347. 
marginatus (Dicrurus), 

49. 
marginatus (Myiozetetes), 
160. 
marginatus 
(Pachyrhamphus), 
346, 347. 

marginatus (Pachyrhynchus), 
347. 
marginatus (Ehynchocy


clus), 168. 
marginatus (Todus), 347. 
marginatus major (Psa


ris), 346. 
marginatus tristis (Psaris), 
345. 
maritima (Agriornis), 4, 

6,7. 
maritima (Pepoaza), 6. 
martinica (Elainea), 136, 

141. 
martinica (Muscicapa), 
141. 
martinica (Tyrannula), 
141. 
martinicana cristata 
(Muscicapa), 141. 
martinicensis (Blacicus), 

241. 
Masius, 283, 290. 
masoni (Pyroderus), 397. 
mathilcla (Pitta), 426. 
matutinus (Tyrannus), 
272. 
maxima (G-igantipitta), 
419. 
maxima (Leucopitta), 
419. 
maxima (Pitta), 419. 
maximiliani (Pitangus), 
176, 177. 
maximiliani (Saurophagus), 
176. 
maximus (Brachyurus), 

419. 
maximus (Psaris), 329. 
maynana (Ampelis), 386. 
maynana (Cotinga), 382, 
386. 
Mecocerculus, 3, 27. 
m egacephala (Tyrannula), 
170, 
megacephalus (Pachyrhynchus), 
333. 
megacephalus (Ehynchocyclus), 
170,171. 
megacephalus (Todus), 

88. 
Megalophus, 191. 
megarhvncha (Pitta), 419, 
421." 
Megarhynchus, 189 
megarhynchus (Brachyu


rus), 421. 
Megastoma, 189. 
Melampitta, 449. 
melancholicus (Laphyc


tes), 274. 
2K2 


melancholicus (Tyrannus), 
267, 273, 276. 
melancholicus couchi (Tyrannus), 
274. 
melanocephala (Arapelis), 

374. 
melanocepliala (Chiroxiphia), 
o09. 
melanocepliala (Oitta), 


438. 
melanocepliala (Pipra), 
309. 
melanocepliala (Pitta), 
442. 
melanocephalus (Ampelio), 
374. 
melanocephalus (Ampelion), 
373, 374. 
melanocephalus (Carpornis), 
374. 
melanocephalus (Pachyrhynchus), 
328. 
melanocephalus (Procnias), 
374. 
melanocephalus (Todus), 

69. 
melanocephalus (Triccus), 
70. 
melanolsema (Euchlorornis), 
378. 
melanohsma (Pipreola), 
376, 377, 378, 38L 
melanoleucus (Bathmidurus), 
340. Melanopitta,
414, 438. 
melanotis (Vermivora), 

8S. 

Melittarchus, 267. 
melorypbus (Euscarthmus), 
93. 
meloryphus (Hapalocercus), 
93, 94. 
meloxantha (Muscicapa), 

m. 
mentalis (Muscisaxicola), 

66. 
mentalis (Pipra), 293, 
295. 
mentalis (Ptyonura), 56. 
Merle de Bengale, 427. 
Merle de la G-uiane, 445. 
Merle des Moluques, 420. 
Merle des Philippines, 
438. 
Merle dore de Madagascar 
(Le), 410. 
Merle vert des Moluques 
(Le), 427. 
merremii (Ampelis), 368. 
Melange huppde de Ca


yenne, 128. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

mesoleuca (Elainea), 137, 

153. 
mesoleucus (Contopus), 
235. 
mesorhynchus (Khynchocyclus), 
166. 
Metopia, 283, 290. . 
Metopothrix, 283, 292. 
mexicana (Elaenia), 162. 
mexicana (Muscivora), 

192, 193, 194. 
mexicana (Tityra), 330. 
mexicana (Tyrannula), 

250. 
mexicanus (Megarhynchus), 
190. 
mexicanus 
(Myiarehus), 
247,249,250,251,256, 

260. 
mexicanus (Myiobius), 
200. 
mexicanus (Myionax), 
249. 
mexicanus (Psaris), 330. 
mexicanus (Pyocephalus), 
211, 213. 
mexicanus (Seaphorhynchus), 
190. 
mexicanus (Tyrannus), 

279. 
mexicanus magister (Myiarehus), 
250. 
microptera (Agriornis), 5. 
miles (Ehenea), 161. 
miles (Muscicapa), 52. 
militaris (Chiroxiphia), 

311. 
militaris (Coracias), 395. 
militaris (Hasmatoderus), 
395. 
militaris (Heilicura), 311. 
militaris (Helicura), 311. 
militaris (Hieura), 311. 
militaris (Pipra), 311. 
militaris (Querula), 395. 
militaris (Threnoedus), 
395. 
Milvulus, 189,277. 
minima (Habrura), 96. 
minima (Hapalura), 96. 
minima (Tityra), 96. 
minima (Tyrannula), 227. 
minimus (Empidonax), 
222, 227. 
minimus (Paehyramphus), 
96. 
minimus, var. pectoralis 

(Empidonax), 227. 
minor (Cnipodectes), 197. 
minor (Hadrostomus), 

333, 337. 

minor (Leptopogon), 114, 

115. 
minor (Pachyrhamphus) 
337. 
minor (Querula), 337. 
minor (Schiffornis), 323. 
minor (Tyrannus), 251. 
Mionectes, 109, 111. 
mitratus (Lanius), 341. 
mitratus (Pachyrhamphus), 
341. 
Mitrephanes, 189, 218. 
Mitrephorus, 218. 
modesta (Elainea), 142. 
modesta (Euphone), 3i)2. 
modesta (Muscipeta), 

153. 
modesta (Tyrannula), 
120. 
mcesta (Muscicapa), 14. 
mcesta (Tsenioptera), 14. 
molina (Phytotoma), 406. 
moluccensis (Brachyurus), 
420. 
moluccensis (Pitta), 414, 

420. 
moluccensis (Turdus), 
420. 
monaeha (Muscipeta), 50. 
monachus (Milvulus), 
277. 
monachus (Tyrannus), 
277. 
montana (Agriornis), 4,6. 
montana (Pepoaza), 6. 
muelleri (Brachyurus), 
439. 
muelleri (Ooloburis), 439. 
muelleri (Melanopitta), 
439. 
muelleri (Pitta), 438,439, 
440. 
multicolor (Todirostrum), 
murina (Ochthceca), 31. 
murina (Pepoaza), 15. 
murina (Pyropa), 15. 
murina (Tsenioptera), 10, 

11, 15. 
murinus (Platyrhynchus), 

123. 
murinus (Sublegatus), 
Muscigralla, 3, 63. 
Muscipeta, 191. 
Muscipipra, 3, 49. 
Muscisaaricola, 3, 53. 
Muscivora, 189, 191. 
Myiacleptes, 173. 
Myiarehus, 189, 246. 
Myiobius, 189, 198. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Myiochanes, 189, 245. 
Myiodynastes, 109, 182. 
Myiopatis, 109, 123. 
Myiophila, 35, 37. 
Myiophobus, 198. 
Myiosympotes, 93. 
Myiotheretes, 3, 8. 
Myiozeta, 159. 
Myiozetetes, 109, 159. 
Myftthera, 413. 
mystacea (Fluyicola), 36. 
mystacea (Muscicapa), 

36. 
mystaceus (Entomophagus), 
36. 
mystaceus (Platyrhynchus), 
65, 66, 67. 
mystax (Muscicapa), 36. 

nsevia (Muscicapa), 209. 
nsevius (Myiobius), 198, 
199, 208, 209, 210. 
nasvius (Myiophobus), 

209. 
naivius (Psaris), 328. 
nana (La,wrencia), 233. 
nanus (Empidonax), 233. 
nanus (Pyocephalus), 
211, 212, 214, 215. 
nasica (Erolla), 469. 
nasutus (Cymbirhynchus), 

468. 
nasutus (Eurylfemus), 
469. 
nasutus (Platyrhynehus), 
468. 
nasutus (Todus), 468. 
nationi (Myiobius), 204. 
nattereri (Cotinga), 382, 
385. 
nattereri (Pipra), 293, 
302. 
nattererii (Ampelis), 385. 
nattererii (Psaris), 331. 
nengeta (Fluvicola), 11. 
nengeta (Lanius), 11. 
nengeta (Muscicapa), 36. 
nengeta (Tsenioptera), 10, 
11. 
nengeta (Xolmis), 11. 
Nengetus, 10. 
Neopelma, 317, 323. 
Neopipo, 283, 303. 
nepalensis (Gigantipitta), 
415. 
nidipendulus (Euscarthmus), 
78, 79. 
niger (Bathniidurus), 

344. 
niger (Centrites), 60, 61, 
62. 
niger (Hadrostomus), 

333, 334. 
niger (Lanius), 334. 
niger (Pachyrhamphus), 

334, 337, 338, 343, 

344. 
niger * (Pachyrhynchus), 
343. 
niger (Psaris), 344. 
niger (Zetetes), 344. 
nigerrima (Ada), 43, 44. 
nigerrima (Brissonia), 
410. 
nigerrima (Fluvicola), 44. 
nigerrima (Muscicapa), 
43. 
nigerrima (Sericoptila), 
43. 
nigerrimus (Onipolegus), 
42, 43, 45. 
nigerrimus (Turdus), 410. 
nigra (Alauda), 61. 
nigra (Chrvsopteryx), 

373. 
nigra (Lessonia), 61. 
nigra (Muscisaxicola), 61. 
nigra (Platypsaris), 334. 
nigra (Tijuca), 373. 
nigrescens (Myiochanes), 
245, 246. 
nigrescens (Pachyrham


phus), 334. 
nigricans (Aulanax), 33. 
nigricans (Eusearthnius), 

104. 
nigricans (Muscicapa), 48. 
nigricans (Myiarchus), 
33, 34. 
nigricans (Sayornis), 32, 
^ 33, 34. 
nigricans (Serphophaera), 

102, 104. 
nigricans (Sylvia), 104. 
nigricans* (Tachuris), 140. 
nigricans (Tyrannula),33. 
nigricans, var. aquatica 

(Sayornis), 33. 
nigricapillus (Myiarchus), 
247, 257. 
nigricapillus (Tyrannises) 
, 130,131. 
nigricapillus (Tyrannulus), 
131. 
nigriceps (Muscicapa), 

338. 
nigriceps (Muscipeta), 
338. 
nigriceps (Myiarchus), 
247, 258, 259. 
nigriceps 
(Pachyrhamphus). 
339. 

nigriceps (Todirostrum), 

69, 72. 

nigriceps (Triccus), 72. 

nigricollis (Phoenicercus), 

368. 
nigricollis (Phoenicocercus), 
367,368. 

nigricollis (Pitta), 443. 

nigrifrons (Leptopogou), 

115, 119. 

nigrifrons (Muscisaxi


cola), 53, 55. 

nigrigularis (Phoenicocer


cus), 368. 

nigrita (Ochthceca), 19,25. 

nigriveutris (Pachyrham


phus), 344. 
nipalensis (Brachyurus), 

415. • 
nipalensis (Heleornis), 
414. 
nipalensis (Hydromis), 
415. 
nipalensis (Paludicola), 
414. 
nipalensis (Pitta), 413, 
414, 415. 
nitidus (Oarpodectes), 


389. 
nivea (Ampelis), 403. 
nivea (Muscicapa), 14. 
nivea (Procnias), 403. 
niveigularis (Tyrannus), 
267, 270. 
niveus (Chasmorhynchus), 
403. 
nobilis (Myiodynastes), 
182, 183, 185. 
novse-guineae (Brachyurus), 
440. 
novae-guinese (Melanopitta), 
440. 
novaa-guinese (Pitta), 438, 
440, 441. 
novffi-guinese mafoorana 
(Pitta), 441. 
novae-hiberniae (Pitta), 

437. 
nuchalis (Oyclorhynchus), 
L6S. 
nuchalis (Pitta), 415. 
nuchalis (Platyrhynehus), 

168. 
nuda (G-racula), 402. 
nudicollis (Ampelis), 402, 
404. 
nudicollis (Chasmorhynchus), 
403, 404. 
nudicollis (Oorvus), 402. 
nudicollis (Procnias), 404. 
nudus (Corvus), 402, 

480 

nunciola (Muscicapa), 

264. 
nunciola (Tyrannula), 
264. 
Nuttallorrds, 234. 
nuttingi (Myiarcbus), 
246, 250. 
nympha (Brachyurus), 

425. 
nympha (Pitta), 419, 420, 
425. 
oatesi (Hydrornis), 416. 
oatesi (Pitta), 414, 416. 
oberi (Myiarohus), 251. 
obscura (Elainea), 137, 

152. 
obscura (Muscipeta), 152. 
obscura (Tyrannula), 
232. 
obscura rustica (Elainea), 
152. 
obseurata (Muscicapa), 
104. 
obscurus (Empidonax), 
222, 227, 232. 
obscurus (Pyocephalus), 
211, 215. 
obsoleta (Elainea), 128. 
obsoleta (Muscicapa), 


127. 
obsoleta (Muscicapara), 
127, 128. 
obsoleta (Myiopatis), 

128. 
obsoletum (Ornithion), 
125, 127,128. 
ocoidentalis (Muscivora), 
192, 194. 
ochraeeiventris (Mitrephanes), 
219,220. 
ochraeeiventris (Mitrephorus), 
220. 
ochraceus (Contopus), 
234, 237. 
ochromelas (Eurylsemus), 
463, 465. 
ochromelas (Eurylaiinus), 

465. 
Ochthites, 63. 
Ohthodiasta, 3,16. 
Oehthceea, 3, 16, 18. 
Ochthomis, 3,31. 
ocularis (Eusearthmus), 
83. 
cenanthoides (Fluvicola), 
20. 
cenanthoides (Ochthoeca), 
18, 19, 20. 
oleaginea (Muscicapa), 

112. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

oleaginea (Pipromorpha), 

113. 
oleagineus (Mionectes), 
111,112,114. 
oliva (Empidonax), 222, 
224, 225. 

oliva (Muscicapa), 224. 

olivacea (Elainea), 152. 

olivacea (Muscicapa), 121, 

134, 152. 

olivacea (Oneostoma), 77. 

olivaceum (Oneostoma), 

76, 77. 
olivaceum (Todirostrum), 

77. 
olivaceus (Cyclorhynchus), 
165. 
olivaceus (Leptopogon), 

122. 
olivaceus (Mionectes), 
111, 112. 
olivaceus (Platyrhynchus), 
165. 
olivaceus (Ehynchocyclus), 
165, 166, 167. 
olivaceus (Todus), 165. 
olivina (Elainea), 137, 

146, 147. 
olivus (Empidochanes), 
216, 217, 225. 
omnicolor (Oyanotis), 

110. 
omnicolor (Eegulus), 110. 
omnicolor (Tachuris), 
110. 
Oneostoma, 64, 76. 
Onychorhynchus, 191. 
opalizans (Pipra), 292. 
ophthalmicus (Pogonotriccus), 
98. 
orbitalis (Capsienrpis), 
120, 121. 
orbitatum (Todirostrum), 

79. 
orbitatus (Eusearthmus), 
78, 79, 83. 
orbitatus (Triccus), 79. 
Orchilus, 64, 88. 
oreas (Brachyurus), 425. 
oreas (Oentrites), 61, 62. 
oreas (Pitta), 425. 
orenocensis (Cnipolegus), 

43, 47. 
orenocensis (Ooracina), 

398. 
orenocensis (Pyroderus), 
397, 398. 
ornata (Ooracina), 399. 
ornata (Tyrannula), 204. 
ornatus (Cephalopterus), 

398, 399, 400. 

ornatus (Myiobius), 198, 

204, 205. 

Ornithion, 109,125. 

oustaleti (Leptopogon) 

115,118. 

Oxyrhamphus, 230. 

Oxyrhynchus, 280. 

oxyura (Pipra), 312. 

Pachyrhamphus, 327,337. 

Pachyrhamphus sp., 342. 

Pachyrhynchus, 337. 

pagana (Elainea), 136, 

137, 139, 140, 141. 

pagana (Muscicapa), 137. 

paganus (Platyrhynchus), 

137. 
Paictes, 409. 
paliatangae (Elainea), 
137, 146. 
pallescens (Mitrephorus), 

223. 
palliceps (Pitta), 436. 
pallida (Sayornis), 31, 32. 
pallida (Tyrannula), 32. 
pallidus (Blacicus), 241, 
pallidus (Contopus), 243. 
pallidus (Myiobius), 243. 
palpebrosum (Todiros


trum), 79. 
Paludicola, 413. 
panamensis (Mviarchus), 

253. 
pareola (Ohiroprion),308. 
pareola (Ohiroxiphia), 
307, 308. 
pareola (Pipra), 307, 309. 
pareolides (Pipra), 309. 
parinus (Psaris), 341. 
parula (Serphophaga), 

106. 
parulus (Anoeretes), 106, 
107, 108. 
parulus (Culicivora), 106. 
parulus (Eusearthmus), 

106. 
parulus (Muscicapa), 106. 
parulus sequatorialis 
(Anasretes), 106. 
parvirostris(Elainea), 142. 
parvirostris (Myiobius), 

105. 
parvirostris (Pyocephalus), 
212, 213. 
parvirostris (Serphophaga), 
101, 102, 105. 
parvirostris (Tyrannula), 

105. 
parvus (Pitangus), 175, 
179. 
parvus(Tyranniscus),130, 

132. 
pectoral© (Todirostrum), 

82. 
peetoralis (Euipidonax), 

227. 
peetoralis (Euscartbmus), 
96. 
peetoralis (Habrura), 96. 
peetoralis (Hapalocercus), 
96. 
peetoralis (Pacbyrbamphus), 
337. 
peetoralis (Pacbyrbynchus), 
337. 
peetoralis (Psaris), 337. 
peetoralis (Serpopbaga), 
9(1 
peetoralis (Sylvia), 96. 
pelzelni (Euseartbmus), 
78, 80. 
pelzelni (Myiarebus), 247, 

255. 
pelzelni (Pseudotriccus), 

85. 
penduliger (Cephalopterus), 
399, 400. 
Pepoaza, 10, 11. 
Pepoaza coronada, 12. 
Pepoaza dominica, 13. 
Pepoaza irupero, 13. 
pepoaza (Tyrannus), 11. 
Pepoaza vientre roxiso, 8. 
personata (Tityra), 330, 
Perspicilla, 48. 
perspicillata (Ada), 48. 
perspicillata (Lichenops), 

48. 
perspicillata (Motacilla), 

48. . 
perspicillata (GEnantbe), 

48. 
perspicillata (Pipra), 301. 
pertinax (Contopus), 234, 
235, 236. 
pertinax (Myiarebus), 

249. 
pertinax, var. lugubris 
(Contopus), 236. 
peruana (Rupieola), 370. 
peruviana (Pipra), 370. 
peruviana (Rupieola), 
369, 370, 371. 
peruviana (Tyrannula), 

164. 
peruvianus (Leptopogon), 

117. 
peruvianus (Bbynchocyclus), 
165, 169. 
penuianus sequatorialis 
(Rbynchocyclus), 169. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

pbaaocepbalus (Myiarchus), 
247, 255, 256. 
pbajocercus (Mitrepbanes), 
218, 219, 220. 
phasocercus (Mitrepborus), 
219. 
pbseonotus (Myiarebus), 
247, 255. 
pbayrii (Antbocincla), 
412, 413. 
Pbibalura, 371, 372. 
Pbilepitta, 409. 
pbilippensis (Oorvus), 

438. 
pbilippensis (Pitta), 438. 
pboebe (Muscicapa), 261, 

264. 
pboebe (Myiarebus), 261. 
pbcebe (Sayornis), 264. . 
pboebe (Tyrannus), 261. 
Pboemoercus, 367. 
Pbcenicocercus, 366, 367. 
Phcenieoeicbla, 414, 429. 
pboenicomitra (Myiobius), 
199, 206. 
pboenicura (Tyrannula), 

205. 
phcenicurus (Attila), 358. 
pboenicurus (Myiobius), 
199, 205. 
Pboneutria, 195. 
pbygas (Porpbyrolsema), 

386. 

Pbyllomyias, 109, 121. 
Pbylloscartes, 64, 92. 
Pbytotonia, 406. 
picatFluvieola), 35, 36. 
pica (Muscicapa), 35. 
picatum (Todirostrum), 
69, 74, 75. 
pilaris (Colopterus), 90. 
pileata (Pipra), 284. 
pileatus (Contopus), 234. 
pileatus (Euseartbmus), 

87. 
pileatus (Leptopogon), 
115, 116, 117. 
pileatus (Orchilus), 87. 
pileatus (Piprites), 28$, 

284. v 
pipiri (Tyrannus), 267. 
Pipra, 283, 292. 
Pipra sp., 302. 
pipra (Iodopleura), 326, 
392, 393. 
pipra (Pardalotus), 392. 
Pipreola, 372, 376. 
Piprites, 283. 
Pipromorpba, 111. 
Pitador, 181. 
pitangua (Lanius), 189. 

pitangua (Megarbyncbus), 
189, 190. 
pitangua (Muscicapa), 
m 176, 190. 

• pitangua 
(Scapborbyncbus), 
190. 
pitangua (Tyrannus), 189. 
pitangua cbrysogaster 
(Megarbyncbus), 190. 
pitangula (Muscicapa), 

173. 
Pitangus, 109, 174. 
Pitta, 411, 412, 413, 414, 

419. 
placens (Elainea), 137, 
148, 149, 150, 151. 
platurus (Platyrbyncbus), 


50. 
Platypsaris, 333. 
platyrbyncha (Pbyllomyias), 
158,159. 
Platyrhynebos, 463. 
platvrhyncbos (Todus), 

Platyrbyncbus, 64, 189, 

198. '—~ 
platyrbyncbus (Myiarebus), 
244, 257. 
platyrhyncbus (Sublegatus), 
158. 
platyrbyncbus (Todus), 

65. 
plebeius (Contopus), 234. 
plumbea (Latbria), 350, 

351. 
plumbea (Muscicapa), 

350. 
plumbeiceps (Pogonotriecus), 
98, 99. 
plumbeiceps (Todirostrum), 
81. 
plumbeiceps (Tyranniscus), 
99. 
plumbeum (Todirostrum), 
70. 
plumbeus (Lipaugus), 
350, 352. 
plumosa (Pipra), 286. 
plumulosus (Regulus), 

poeciloeerca (Serpopbaga), 
29. 
pcecilocercus (Empidoebanes), 
216. 
pcecilocercus (Mecocerculus), 
27, 29. 
poecilonotus (Copurus), 

51. 
poecilotis (Leptopogon), 
114, 116. 
Pceeilotriccus, 69. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

poecilurus (Empidochanes), 
216, 217, 218. 
Pogonotriccus, 64, 97. 
poliocephalum (Todirostrum), 
69, 71. 
poliocephalus (Leptopogon), 
115. 
poliocephalus (Mionootes), 
111. 
poliocephalus (Khynchocyclus), 
165, 171. 
poliocephalus (Toclus), 

71. 
poliocephalus (Triccus), 

71. 
poliogastra (Ochthceca), 
19, 24. 
polidnota (Ochthceca), 
18, 20. 
pollens (Agriornis), 2, 
4,7. 
polyehropteras (Pachyrhamphus), 
338, 345. 
polychropterus (Platyrhynchus), 
345. 
polychropterus (Zetetes), 

345. 
polvglotta (Muscicapa), 

11. 
polyglotta (Pepoaza), 11. 
pompadora (Ampelis), 

387. 
pompadora (Ootinga), 


387. 
pompadora (Xipholena), 
387, 388. 
porphyrobroncba (Muscicapa), 
396. 
Porphyrol^ema, 382. 
porphyrolajma (Ootinga), 
382, 386. 
propinqua (Pitta), 433. 
propinquus(Brachyurus), 

433. 
Psaliclura, 38. 
psalura (Muscicapa), 40. 
psalura (Yetapa), 40. 
psalurus (Alectrurus), 40. 
Psaris, 328. 
Psarisomus, 458. 
pseudogillia (Platyrhynchus), 
36. • 
Pseudotriccus, 64, 85. 
psittacinus (Eurylaimus), 

459. 
psittacinus (Psarisomus), 

459. 
Ptilochloris, 316, 317. 
Ptionura, 53. 
pudica (Elainea), 145, 
140, 

pulchella (Ochthceca), 19, 

22. 

pulchollum (Todirostrum), 
69, 72. 
pulcher (Myiobius), 199, 
207, 208. 
pulih (Pitta), 422. 
pullata (Muscicapa), 49. 
punctata (Acanthisitta), 

451. 
punctata (Sitta), 451. 
punensis (Oontopus),240. 
purpurea (Arupelis), 388. 
purpurea (Ootinga), 388. 
purpurea (Querula), 395. 
purpurea (Xipholena), 

388. 
Purpureipitta, 414. 
pusilla (Myiopatis), 126, 

133. 
pusilla (Tyrannula), 225. 
pusillum (Eupsilostoma), 

127. 
pusillum (Ornithion), 
125, 126,127. 
pusillus (Cnipolegus), 43, 

47. 
pusillus (Empidonax), 
221, 222, 225, 226, 

227. 
pusillus (Platyrhynchus), 

225. 
pusillus (Saurophagus), 

178. 
pusillus, Tar. traillii 
(Empidonax), 226. 
pusio (Muscicapa), 122. 
Pye, Short-tailed, 423. 
pygmseus (Empidonax), 

223. 
pyrocephala (Pipra), 305. 
Pyocephalus, 189,211. 
pyocephalus (Machseropterus), 
304, 305. 
Pyroderus, 395, 397. 
Pyrope, 10.' 
'pyrope (Muscicapa), 15. 
pyrope (Pepoaza), 15. 
pyrope (Tsenioptera), 10, 
11, 15. 
pyrope (Xolmis), 15. 
Pyrorhynchus, 376. 
Pyrrhomyias, 198. 
pyrrhophseus (Tyrannus), 

196. 
pyrrhops (Euscarthmus), 
78, 83. 
pyrrhoptera (Tyrannula), 

202. 
pyrrhopterus (Myiobius), 

202. 

Pyrrhorhynchus, 376. 
Pythis, 292. 


Querula, 395, 396. 
querula (Muscicapa), 228, 

238. 

raffles! (Eurylsemus), 465. 
rafflesia (Calyptomena), 

456. 
raimondii (Phytotoma), 
406, 408. 
Raniphotrigon, 165. 
rapax (Muscicapa), 238. 
rara (Phytotoma), 406, 

408. 
Haya, 458. 
regia (Muscipeta), 192. 
regia (Muscivora), 191, 
192, 193. 
regina (Chiroxiphia), 
307, 308. 
regina (Pipra), 308. 
regius (Megalophus), 192. 
regius (Megarhynchus), 

185. 
regius (Platyrhynchus), 

192. 
regius (Todus), 192. 
reguloides (Culicivora), 

107. 
reguloides (Euscarthmus), 
108. 
regulus (Machaeropterus), 
303, 304, 305. 
regulus (Pipra), 304. 
remigialis (Ptilochloris), 

317. 
Bey (El), 110. 
Rhyncocyclus, 109, 165. 
Rhytipterna, 356. 
richardsoni (Oontopus), 
234, 239, 
ricliardsoni (Tyrannula), 

239. 
ridgwayi (Ootinga), 382, 

384. 
ridgwayi (Empidonax), 
222, 227. 
ridleyana (Elainea), 136, 

139. 
riefferi (Ampelis), 377. 
riefferi (Euehlorornis), 

377. 
riefferi (Pipreola), 376, 
m 377, 378. 
riefferi (Pyrrhorhynchus), 

377. 
riefferii (Euchlornis), 377. 
riisii (Elainea), 141. 
risoria (Muscicapa), 39. 

risorius (Alectrurus), 38, 

39,40. 
rixosa (Machetornis), 52. 
rixosa (Pepoaza), 52. 
rixosus (Saurophagus), 

52. 
rixosus (Tyrannus), 52. 
rodogaster (Pitta), 443. 
Hoitelet Mesange (Le), 
128. 
roraimae (Myiobius), 199, 
208. 
roseicollis (Pachyrhamphus), 
337. 
roseicollis (Psaris), 337. 
rosenbergi (Pitta), 438, 

441. 
rostratus (Platyrhynchus), 
64, 65. 
rostratus (Todus), 65. 
rostratus (Tyrannus), 

267, 273. 
rubetra (Muscisaxicola), 

16. 
rubetra (Tasnioptera), 11, 
16. 
rubicunda (ISTeopipo), 
303. 
rubicundus (Empidonax), 
222. 
rubigastra (Sylvia), 110. 
rubineus (Pyrocephalus), 
211, 213, 215. 
rubineus coronatus (Pyrocephalus), 
212. 
rubineus mexicanus (Pyrocephalus), 
213. 
rubineus obscurus (Pyrocephalus), 
215. 
rubineus, var. mexicanus 

(Pyrocephalus), 213. 
rubinus (Muscicapa), 211. 
rubra (Oasiornis), 365. 
rubra (Dasycephala), 

365. 
rubra (Muscicapa), 365. 
rubra (Querula), 395. 
rubricapilla (IMxiphia), 
295. 
rubricapilla (Muscisaxicola), 
53, 57, 58. 
rubricapilla (Pipra), 293, 

295. 
rubricollis (Ooracina), 
396, 397. 
rubricollis (Muscicapa), 

396. 
rubricollis (Querula), 
396. 
rubricollis 
(Threnoedus), 
396, 397. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

rubrifrons (Pipra), 312. 
rubrigaslra (Tachuris). 

110. 
rubrinucha (Brachyurus), 
435. ^ h 
rubrinucha (Erythropitta), 
435. 
rubrinucha (Pitta), 432, 

435. 
rubrocapillus (Manacus), 
295. 
rubrocristata (Ampelis), 
390. 
rubrocristata (Oarpornis), 
390. 
rubrocristata (Heliochera), 
390. 
rubrocristatus (Ampelion), 
390. 
rubropygia (Raya), 461. 
rubropygius (Eurylai


mus), 461. 

rubropygius (Serilophus), 

460, 461. 

rufa (Alauda), 61. 

rufa (Muscicapa), 343. 

rufa (Schiffornis), 323. 

rufa (Tityra), 333. 

ruf axilla (Ampelion),391. 

rufaxilla (Ampelis), 391. 

ruf axilla (Heliochera), 

390, 391. 
rufescens (Aulia), 354, 

355. 
rufescens (Lipaugus), 
355. 
rufescens (Muscicapa), 
343. 
rufescens (Myiobius), 
198, 204. 
rufescens (Pachyrhamphus), 
343. 
rufescens (Pachyrhynchus), 
343. 
rufescens (Tyrannus),362. 
ruficapilla (Muscicapa), 

46. 
ruficauda (Cyclorhynchus), 
172. 
ruficauda (Muscipeta), 

265. 
ruficauda * (Platyrhynchus), 
172. 
ruficauda (Ramphotrigon), 
172. 
ruficauda (Rhynchocyclus), 
165, 172. 
ruficeps (Czenotriccus), 

86. 
ruficeps (Conopophaga), 
480 

ruficeps (Elainea), 137, 

152. 
ruficeps (Fluvicola), 86. 
ruficeps (Hapalocercus), 
ruficeps (Leptocercus), 

93. 
ruficeps (Lepturus), 93. 
ruficeps (Megastoma), 
190. 
ruficeps (Muscicapa), 86. 
ruficeps (Paehyrhynchus), 
343. 
ruficeps (Serpophaga), 

86. 
ruficeps (Todirostrum), 
69, 75, 76, 86. 
ruficeps (Tyrannula), 86. 
rufigene (Todirostrum), 

69, 76. 
rufigenis (Poecilotriccus), 

76. 
rufigularis (Attila), 358. 
rufigularis (Euscarthmus), 
78, 82. 
rufilatum. (Todirostrum), 

81. 
rufimarginata (OchthcDca), 
19, 25. 
rufina (Muscicapa), 265. 
rufinus (Tyrannus), 265. 
rufipectoralis (Fluvicola), 

23. 
rufipectoralis (Ochthoeca), 
19, 23. 
rufipeetus (Leptopogon), 

114. 
rufipeetus (Tyrannula), 
23. 
rufipennis (Muscisaxicola), 
54, 60. 
rufipennis (Myiozetetes), 

160. 
rufipennis (Pitangus), 
175, 176. 
rufipennis (Saurophagus), 

175. 
rufipes (Euscarthmus), 
78. 
rufiventris (Brachyurus), 
434. 
rufiventris (Ooloburis), 
434. 
rufiventris (Dasycephala), 
8rufiventris 
(Erythropitta), 
434. 
rufiventris (Mionectes), 
111, 114. 
rufiventris (Muscicapa), 

114. 
490 

rufiventris (Myiarchus), 

0. 
rufiventris (Myiotheretes), 
8. 
rufiventris (Pitta), 432, 
434, 435. 
rufiventris (Tanioptera), 

8. 
rufiventris (Tyrannus), $, 
9. 
ruiivertex (Muscisaxioola), 
53, 54, 58. 
rufivertex (Ptyonura), 58. 
rufocristata (Ampelie), 

390. 
rufocristatus (Ampelion), 
390. 
rufogularis (Ada), 43. 
rufomarginatus (Hapalocercus), 
93. 
rufomarginatus (Myiarchus), 
256. 
rutb -olrv aceum (Heteropelraa), 
319. 
rufo-olivaceus (Ptilo


chloris), 319. 
rufula (Tyrannula), 365. 
rufum (Heteropelma), 

323. 
rufus (Attila), 363. 
rufus (Centrites), 61. 
rufus (Centrophanes), 61. 
rufus (Paehyrhamphus), 
338, 343. 
rupestris (Hirundinea), 
19(1 
rupestris (Muscicapa), 

196. 
rupestris (Platyrhynchus), 
196. 
Rupicola,366, 369. 
rupioola (Pipra), 369, 


370. 
russatus (Euscartlimus), 
78, 82. 
rustica (Elainea), 152. 
rustica (Muscicapa), 356. 


, rusticus (Myiarchus), 356. 
rutila (Phytotoma), 406, 

407. 
sagrce (Muscicapa), 261. 
sagrae (Mviarchus), 247, 

261. 
salvini (Empidochanes), 
216, 218. 
salvini (Empidonax), 222, 
231, 232. 
salvini (Ochthoeca), 19, 

25. 
ALPHABETICAL UTOEX. 

sanghirana (Pitta), 438j semi-atra (Muscicapa), 

440. 33. 
sanguinaria (Laniocera), sernifasciata (Tityra), 
354. 328, 330. 
sanguinicollis (Ampelisj, semifasciatus (Pachy397. 
rhynchus), 330. 
sanguinolenta ( Rupicola), semifasciatus (Psaris), 
369, 370, 371. 330. 
Sarcophanops, 458, 462. semiflava (Elainea), 120, 
satelles (Muscicapa), 269. 136. 
Satellus, 267. semiflavus (Tyrannulus), 
satrapa (Laphyctes), 274. 128, 129, 130. 
satrapa (Muscicapa), 274. semifusca (Myiopatis), 
satrapa (Tyrannus), 274. 123. 
saturata (Rupicola), 371. semifusca (Phyllomyias), 
saturatus (Platyrhyn-123,158. 

chus), 64,66. semipagana (Elainea), 
Saui-jala (Le), 410. 137,138, 139. 
saui-jala (Turdus), 410. semirufus (3Iviarchus), 
Saurophagus, 174. 247, 263. 
savana (Muscicapa), 277. senex (Euscarthmus), 78. 
savana (Tyrannus), 277. senex (Platyrhvncnus), 
saya (Muscicapa), 32. 64, 65. 
saya (Ochtboeca), 32. serena (Pipra), 292, 293, 
saya (Sayornis), 32. 300. 
saya (Tyrannula), 32. sericea (Philepitta), 410. 
sayi (Sayiornis), 32. sericeogula (Raya), 458. 
Sayornis, 3, 32. sericeogula, (fcsimornis), 
sayus (Aulanax), 32. 458. 
Scaphorhynchus, 189. Sericoptila, 42. 

Schiffornis, 317, 322. Serilophus, 458, 460. 
schistaceiceps (Todiros-Serphophaga, 64, 101. 
trum), 69, 74. serratus (Oxyrhynchus), 
schlegeli (Pbilepitta), 281. 

409,410,411. setophagoi'des (Meeoeerschottii 
(Contopus), 240. culus), 27. 
schwaneri (Eucichla), setophagoi'des (Myiar


445,446. chus), 27. 

schwaneri (Pitta), 446. setophagoi'des (Ochthoesclateri 
(Attila), 359, ca), 27. 
3G1, 362. setophagoi'des (Tyran-« 

sclateri (Doliornis), 390. nula), 27. 
sclateri (Euchlornis), Short-tailed Tje, 423. 


379. sibilans (Muscicapa), 181. 
sclateri (Hirundinea), sibilans (Myiarchus), 

195. 
181. 
sclateri (Myiarchus), 246. sibilans (Tyrannula), 
sclateri (Ornithion), 127. 


381. 
sclateri (Pipreola), 376, 

sibilator (Muscicapa), 

379. 
181. 
sclateri (Todirostrum), 

sibilator (Sirystes), 181, 

69, 70, 71. 

182. 
sclateri (Triccus), 71. 

sibilatrix (Lipaugus), 

scutata (Coracias), 397. 

354. 
scutata (Coracina), 397. 

sibilatrix (Muscicapa), 

scutatus (Pyroderus), 

354. 
326, 397, 398. 

signatum (Todirostrum), 

scutatus granadensis (Py


69, 74. 

roderus), 398. 

signatus (Ochthodiasta), 

selbii (Psaris), 331. 

17. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

silens (Phytotoma), 406, 
similis (Muscicapa), 161. 
similis (Myiozetetes), 
159, 161, 162. 
similis (Tyrannula), 161. 
simillima (Pitta), 428, 

429. 
Simornis, 458. 
simplex (Lipaugus), 356, 

357. 
simplex (Muscicapa), 
m 356. 
simplex (Paebyrhynchus), 

341. 
Simus, 458. 
Sirystes, 109, 181. 
Sisopygis, 3, 41. 
solitaria (Agriornis), 4, 7. 
solitarius (Myiodynastes), 
182,185. 
solitarius (Tyrannus), 

185. 
sordida (Melanopitta), 

438. 
sordida (Pitta), 438. 
sordiclulus (Contopus), 

239. 
sordidus (Brachyurus), 
438,439. 
sordidus (Turdus), 438. 
soror (Hydrornis), 415. 
soror (Pitta), 414, 415. 
spadicea (Muscicapa), 

362. 
spadiceus (Attila), 358, 
359, 362. 
spectabilis (Elainea), 136. 
speotabiHs (Muscicapa), 

279. 
spicifer (Euscartbmus), 

87. 
spicifer (Lophotriccus), 
86,87. 
spiciferum (Todirostrum), 
87. 
spixii (Paebyrhynchus), 

345. 
splendens (Muscipeta), 

345. 
spodiostethus (Attila), 
359,360. 
spcdiurus (Pachyrhampbus),
337,341. 
squamata (Muscicapa), 

317. 
squamata (Ptilocbloris), 

317. 
squamatus (Pachyrhamphus), 
339. 
squ-miicristatum (Todirostrum), 
87. 

squamicristatus (Euscartbmus), 
87, 
squamicristatus (Lophotriccus), 
86, 87. 
steerii (Brachyurus), 442. 
stcerii (Oyanopitta), 442. 
steerii (Eurylajmus), 

462. 
steerii (Melanopitta), 

442. 
steerii (Pitta), 414, 438, 

442. 
steerii (Sarcophanops), 

462. 
stellatus (Myiobius), 198, 

204. 
stenorhynchum (Heteropelma), 
318, 320. 
stenura (Culicivora), 97. 
stenura (Hapalura), 97. 
stenura (Muscicapa), 97. 
stictoptera (Elaiuia), 28, 
stictoptera (Ochthoeca), 

28. 
stictopterus (Mecocerculus), 
27, 28. 
Stigmatura, 64, 100. 
stokesii (Xenicus), 452. 
stolida (Tyrarmula), 260. 
stolida, var. dominicensis 
(Myiarchus), 260. 
stolida, var. lucaysiensis 
(Tyrannula), 261. 
stolidus (Myiarchus), 
246, 247, 260, 261. 
stolidus (Myiobius), 260. 
stolidus, var. antillarum 
(Myiarchus), 262. 
stolidus, var. leucaysiensis 
(Myiarchus), 261. 
stolidus, var. phcebe 
(Myiarchus), 261. 
stolidus, var. stolidus 
(Myiarchus), 260. 
strarainea (Muscicapa), 

102. 
strenua (Erythropitta), 

437. 
strenua (Pitta), 437.^ 
strenuus (Thamnophilus), 

364. 
strepera (Elainea), 136, 

143. 
strepitans (Brachyurus), 

428. 
strepitans (Coloburis), 

428. 
strepitans (Pitta), 414, 
420,428. 
strepitans, var. simillima 
(Pitta), 428. 

streptophora (Lathria), 
349,350,352. 
striata (Agriornis), 4, 5. 
striatieeps (Muscisaxicola), 
53. 
striaticolle (Toclirostrum), 
83. 
striaticollis (Euscartbmus), 
78, 79, S3, 
striaticollis (Mionectes), 
111,112. 
striaticollis (Muscicapa), 

111. 
striaticollis (Muscicapara), 
111. 
striaticollis (Myiotberetes), 
8, 9. 
striaticollis (Tanioptera), 

strigatus (Psaris), 333. 
strigilata( Muscipeta), 212. 
strigilata (Pipra), 304. 
strigilatus (Machsen> 
pterus), 304. 
strigilatus (Pyrocepbalus), 
212. 
striolata (Pipra), 304. 
striolatus (Machseropterus), 
304. 
suavissima (Pipra), 293, 

300. 
subalaris (Lathria), 350, 

353. 
subalaris (Lipaugus), 353. 
subbrunneus (Onipodectes), 
197, 198. 
subbrunneus (Oyclorbynclius), 
197. 
subbrunneus (Myiochanes), 
197. 
subcristata (Helinaea), 

102. 
subcristata (Muscicapara), 
102. 
subcristata (Serphopbaga), 
101, 102, 103. 
subcristata (Sylvia), 102. 
subnava (Serphophaga), 
102,105. 
Sublegatus, 109, 157._ 
subochraceus (Myiobius), 
199, 208. 
subpagana (Elainea), 137, 

138. 
subplacens (Elainea), 
137,149. 
subviridis (Phyllomyias), 

122. 
Suiriri, b2, 154. 
Suiriri cabeza y rabadilla 
de canela, 46. 

492 

Suiriri cliorreado, 48. 
Suiriri cliorreado debaxo, 

205. 
Suiriri chorreado sin 
roxo, 155. 
suiriri (Empidagra), 154. 
suiriri (Fluvicola), 154. 
Suiriri guazu, 273. 
suiriri (Muscicapa), 154. 
Suiriri negro pico celeste, 

46. 
Suiriri obscuro y amariilo, 
41. 
Suiriri ordinaria, 154. 
Suiriri pardo y roxo, 251. 
Suiriri roxo, 365. 
Suiriri roxo obscuro, 196. 
suiriri (Suiriri), 154. 
suiriri (Tamioptera), 154. 
sulphuratus (Lanius) ,176. 
sulpliuratus (Megarbyn


chus), 176. 
sulphuratus (Pitangus), 
2,174,176. 
sulphuratus (Saurophagus), 
175, 176, 177. 
sulphuratus (Scaphorhynehus), 
190. 
sulphuratus (Tyrannus), 
175,176,177. 
sulphuratus maximiliani 
(Pitangus), 178. 
sulphurea (Muscicapa), 

164. 
sulphureicollis (Psaris), 
340. 
sulphur eipygia (Tyrannula), 
200. 
sulphur eipygius (Myiobius), 
198. 
sulphurescens (Platyrbynchus), 
168. 
sulphurescens (Ehynchocyclus), 
165, 168,169, 


170. 
sulphnreus (Myiozetetes), 
159,164. 
smnatranus (Coracias), 

466. 
sumatranus (Corydon), 
466, 467. 
sumatranus (Eurylremus)
r 467. 
sumatranus (Eurylairutis), 
467. 
superba (Ampelis), 383. 
superba (Pipra), 307. 
superbus (Manacus), 307. 
superciliaris (Oitfca), 423. 
superciliaris (Eusearth


mus), 96. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

superciliaris (Leptopogon), 
114, 115, 116. 
superciliaris (Leptotric


cus), 99, 100. 
superciliaris (Myiobius), 

206. 
superciliaris (Myiodynastes), 
188. 
superciliaris (Platyrhynchus), 
65, 68. 
superciliaris (Todirostrum), 
74. 
superciliaris transandeanus 
(Leptopogon), 115. 
superciliosa (Ochthceca), 
18,19. 
superciliosa (Tyrannula), 

173. 
superciliosus (Oonopias), 
173. 
superciliosus (Myiobius), 
199,206. 
superciliosus (Tyrannus), 

162. 
surinama (Muscicapa), 
340. 
surinama (Tityra), 340. 
surinamus (Pachyrhamphus), 
338, 340. 
surinamus (Psaris), 340. 
surinamus (Zetetes), 340. 
swainsoni (Muscivora), 

192. 
swainsoni (Myiarchus), 
253. 
swainsonii (Pachyrhynebus), 
347. 
sylviola(Leptotriccus),99. 
sylviola (Muscicapa), 99, 

100. 
Syriehta, 234. 
Tachuri pardo yientre de 
perla, 80. 
Tachuri pecho amarillo, 

96. 
Tachuri yientre amarillo, 
94. 
Taehuris, 109. 
taczanowskii (Elainea), 
137, 144. 
Tasnioptera, 3, 10. 
tasnioptera (Muscicapa), 

11. 
Tamnolanius, 4. 
taylori (Pitangus), 175, 
180. 
taylori (Tyrannus), 180. 
Teleonema, 289. 
temmineki (Corydon). 
467. ' 
tenuirostris (Acanthisitta), 
451. 
tenuirostris (Acanthiza), 

451. 
texensis (Elasnia), 162. 
texensis (Muscicapa), 162. 
texensis (Myiozetetes), 
159,162. 
texensis columbianus 
(Myiozetetes), 162. 
thamnophiloides (Attila), 
359, 364, 365. 
thamnophiloides (Dasyeephala), 
364. 
thamnophiloides (Muscicapa), 
364. 
thamnophiloides (Tyran


nus), 365. 
Theromyias, 32. 
thoraeica (Ochthceca), 19, 

25. 
Threnoedus, 396. 
Thrush, Black-cheeked, 
410. 
Tijuca, 371, 373. 
tiriri (Tyrannus), 272. 
Tityra, 327, 328. 
tityroides (Psaris), 330. 
Todirosfrum, 64, 69. 
Todus, 191. 
Tody, Great-billed, 4^8. 
Tody, Javan, 463. 
torridus( Attila), 359,365. 
trailli (Bmpidonax), 222, 
226 227. 
traifli (Tyrannula), 217. 
traillii (Muscicapa), 226. 
traillii, var. pusilIus(Em


pidonax), 226. 
tricaruneulatus (Ohasmo


rhynchus), 403, 405. 
Triecus, 69. 
tricolor (Alectrarus), 38, 

39. 
tricolor (GalEta), 39. 
tricolor (Myiarchus), 
247,259. 
triostegus (Pitta), 423. 
triostegus (Turdus), 423. 
tristis (Blacicus), 244. 
tristis (Leptopogon), 115, 

118. 
tristis (Myiarchus), 244. 
tristis (Myiobius), 244. 
tristis (Psaris), 345. 
tristis, var. lawrencii 
(Myiarchus), 256. 
tristis, var. nigricapillus 

(Myiarchus), 257. 
tristis, var. nigriceps 
(Myiarchus), 258. 

trivirgata (Conopias) ,173. 
trivirgata (Muscicapa}, 

173. 
tschudii (Cotinga), 375. 
tschudii (Hemipipo), 284. 
tschudii (Piprites), 283, 

284. 

• tschudii (Tyrannula), 265. 
tuberculifer (Mviarchus), 
246,258. " 
tuberculifer (Tyrannus), 

259. 
tumbezana (Myiopatis), 
123,124. 
tumbezana(Phyllomyias), 

124. 
turdina (Muscicapa), 319. 
turdinuni (Heteropelma), 
318, 319. 
fcypicum (Lathriosoma), 

355. 
typus (Oasiornis), 365. 
Tyran de Cayenne (Le 
petit), 251. 
Tyran hupe de Cayenne, 

192. 
Tyranneutes, 292. 
Tyranniscus, 109, 130. 
Tyranniscus sp., 133. 
Tyrannula, 198. 
Tyrannulus, 109, 128. 
tyrannulus (Muscicapa), 

251. 
tyrannulus (Mviarchus), 
247, 251, 2531 
tyrannulus (Pipra), 394. 
tjrannulus, var. phaeocephalus 
(Myiarchus), 

256. 
Tyrannus, 189, 267. 
Tyrannus sp., 181. 
tyrannus (Despotes), 277. 
tyrannus (Lanius), 267. 
tyrannus (Milvulus), 277, 

278. 
tyrannus (Muscicapa), 

277. 
tyrannue(Tyrannus), 268, 

278. 
tyrannus y. carolinensis 
(Lanius), 267. 
tyrannus, var. dominicensis 
(Lanius), 272. 

unicolor (Chloropipo), 

286. 
unicolor (Cnipolegus), 
43,47. 
unicolor (Heteropelma), 

321. 
unicolor (Pipra), 321. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

unicolor (Sericoptila), 47. 
uniformis (Chloropipo), 

 L l h

286.
unirufa (Lathria), 350, 

353. h 
unirufus (Lipaugus), 353. 
uropygialis (Attila), 359, 

360. 
uropygialis (Oliirocylla), 
349, 350. 
uropygialis (Basycephala), 
359, 360. 
uropygialis (Lathria), 

350. 
uropygialis (Mecocerculus), 
27, 28. 
uropygialis(Tyranniscus), 

28. 
uropygiata (Muscicapa), 

359. 
uropygiatus (Myiarchus), 
359 
Urraca degollada, 397. 
ussheri (Pitta), 429, 430. 

validus (Attila), 359, 364. 
validus (Lanius), 333. 
validus (Myiarchus), 247, 

252. 
validus (Myionax), 252. 
validus (Pachyrhamphus), 
334. 
validus (Psaris), 333. 
varia (Muscicapa), 265. 
variegata (Ampelis), 405. 
variegata (Blssnia), 156. 
variegata (Pepoaza), 8. 
variegata (Procnias), 405. 
variegata (Taanioptera), 8. 
variegata (Xolmis), 8. 
Variegated Chatterer, 

405. 
variegatus (Antbus), 61. 
variegatus (Bathnridurus), 
345. 
variegatus (Chasmorhynchus), 
403, 405. 
variegatus (Legatus), 156. 
variegatus (Pachyrhynchus), 
345. 
varius (Empidonomus), 

265. 
velata (Muscicapa), 12. 
velata (Pepoaza), 12. 
velata (Tasnioptera), 11, 

12. 
velutina (Pipra), 293, 

299. 
venezuelensis (Myiarchus), 
253. 
ventralis (Elainia), 92. 


ventralis (Euscarthmus), 

92. 
ventralis (Loptopogon), 

ventralis (Muscicapa), 92. 
ventralis (Phylloscarios), 

92. 
ventralis (Tyrannulus), 

92. 
vonu&ta (Pitta), 414, 429, 

430. 
venustus (Brachyurus), 

429. 
venustus (Erythropilfca), 

429. 
versa-pacis (Heteropelma), 
318, 320. 
versicolor (Callopsaris), 

340. 
versicolor (Pachyrhamphus), 
337, 338, 339. 
versicolor (Pitta), 428. 
versicolor (Psaris), 340. 
versicolor (Vireo), 339. 
verticalis (Laphyctes), 

269. 
verticalis (Muscicapa), 

269. 
verticalis (Tyrannus), 
267, 269. 
verticata (Serphophaga), 

102. 
vetula (Muscicapa), 49. 
vetula (Muscipipra), 49. 
vetulus (Ictiniscus), 49. 
vetulus (Milvulus), 49. 
vieilloti (Pachyrhamphus), 
339. 
vieillotides (Myiobius), 
198, 202. 
vieillotii(Muscipeta), 202. 
vieillotii (Tityra), 338. 
vieillotioides(Tyrannula), 

202. 
vigorsi(Bracbyurus), 426. 
vigorsi (Coloburis), 426. 
vigors! (Pitta), 420, 426. 
vilis (Euscarthmus), 91. 
vilissima (Elainea), 132. 
vilissimus (Tyranniscus), 
130, 132, 133. 
villosus (Myiobius), 198, 

201. 
violenta (Muscicapa), 


278. 
violentus (Milvulus), 278. 
violentus (Tyrannus), 278. 
virens (Contopus), 234, 
238, 239, 240. 
virens (Muscicapa), 238. 
virens (Myiarchus), 238. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

virens, var. richardsorri 
(Contopus), 2^9. 
vireoninus (Erapidochanes), 
217. 
virescens (Heteropelma), 
318, 321. 
virescens (Muscicapa), 
121,321. 
virescens (Phyllomyias), 

121. 
virescens (Pipra), 292, 
293, 302. 
virescens (Ptilochloris), 

321. 
virescens (Tyrannula), 


121. 
virgata (Muscicapa), 209. 
virgata (Muscipeta), 209. 
virgata (Psaris), 328. 
viridescens (Empidonax), 

232. 
viridicata (Elainea), 148. 
viridicata (Helinaea), 

148. 
viridicata (Muscicapara), 

148. 
viridicata (Sylvia), 148. 
viridiceps (Rhynchocyclus), 
165, 171. 
viridiflava (Elainia), 130. 
viridiflavus (Leptopogon), 

130. 
viridiflavus(Tyranniscus), 

130. 
viridis (Ampelis), 378. 
viridis (Oalyptomena), 
455, 456. 

viridis (Pacbyrhamphus), 
337, 338, 339. 
viridis (Pipra), 456. 
viridis (Pipreola), 376, 

378. 
viridis (Eupicola), 456. 
viridis (Tityra), 338. 
viridis atricapilla moluccensis 
(Merula), 438. 
viridis intermedia (Pipreola), 
378. 
viridissimus (Tyrannis( 
cus), 134, 135. 
virussu (Lathria), 350, 

351. 
virussu (Lipaugus), 350. 
viscivorus (Turdus), 2. 
vitellina( Chiroinachgeris), 
312, 315, 316. 
vitellina (Pipra), 315. 
vittigera (Muscicapa), 

12. 
vociferans (Laphyctes), 

269. 
vociferans (Muscicapa), 

350. 
vociferans (Tyrannus), 
267, 269. 

wagae (Myiopatis), 123. 
wallacii (Heteropelma), 
318, 319, 320. 
Warbler, Citrine, 451. 
Warbler, Long-legged, 

452. 
Whiskered Flycatcher, 

199. 

whitehead! (Oalyptomena), 
456, 457. 
whitelyi (Pipreola), 377, 
381* 
wiedii (Pipra), 290. 
Wren, Gold-naped, 128. 
wucbereri (Euscarthmus), 

80. 

santhopygius (Myiobius), 
199,201. 
san t h opygi u s (Platy rhynchus), 
199. 
Xenicus, 450, 452. 
Xenopipo, 283, 287. 
Xenurus, 38. 
Xipbolena, 372, 387. 
Xolmis, 10. 

Yetapa, 38. 
yetapa (Alectrurus), 41. 
yetapa (Gjberaetes), 40, 

41. 
yetapa (Muscicapa), 40. 
Yiperu, 40. 
yiperu (G-ubernetes), 41. 
yiperu (Muscicapa), 40. 
yucatanensis (Myiarchus), 
247, 260. 

zeledoni (Pogon ofcriceus), 

98. 
Zetetes, 337. 
zosterops (Euscarthmus). 
78,79. 

END OF THE FOUKTEESTTH VOLUME. 

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 

LIST OF PLATES. 

Plate Page 

I. Agriornis pollens 7 

II. insolens 7 
HI . solitaria 7 
IY. Taenioptera holospodia 14 

Y. Ochthodiaeta fusco-riifus 18 
YI. Ochthoeca leucoraetopa 21 
VT T f Fig. 1. Ochthoeca eitrinifrons 22 
I Pig. 2. pulchella 22 

rn nc^us

VIII I "^ " ^' ^ aty y Aavigularis 65 
1 Eig. 2. albigularis 67 
™ J Eig. 1. Euscarthmus russatus 82 
1 Eig. 2. impiger 84 

X. Leptopogoa erythrops 119 
^-T f Eig. 1. Tyranniscus ciiiereiceps 131 
I Eig. 2. gracilipes 133 

XII. Elainea ohvina 146 

XIII. Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus 167 
XIY. Sirystes albocinereus 181 
XY. Mnscivora occidentalis, tf&S 194 
XYI. Cnipodectes subbrunneus 197 
XYII. Myiobius flavicans 205 


XVIII. roraimse 208 

XIX. Ceratopipra iraeunda 288 

XX. Heteropelma wallacii 319 

XXI. flavicapiUum 321 

XXII. igniceps 322 

XXIII. Heterocercus aurantiivertex 325 

XXIV. Hadrostomns homochrous, <$ <fc ? 334 

XXV. Pachyrhamphus spodrorus, <$ & $ 341 

XXVI. Iodopleura leucopygia B93 

PL./. 

Birds B.M.VoLUV. 

t 4 


Mmterr-Bros. Chromo litK. 

J Smit dfil.etluK. 

Jlgvvorrds pollens. 

Birds B.M,Jol.MT. 

PI. II 

J. Smit dd.et. Utk. 
Mmterru Bros . Chromo liti 

lAqriorrds insoletxs. 

Birds B.M.VolJOV. pi.m. 

J. Smzt del et ]lth-. 
Mmlern Bros Chromo lith. 

jriorrvLs solitocricb. 

Birds RMJU.IIV 

n.w. 
MintfflTL Bros . imp. 

J.Srmt del.etlitk. 

JspjiijOpteroj hclospodia. 

Pl.V.

Birds.B.M.Vol.W. 

Mir.tei!', Bros . Chron 

J. Sirut dal.etlitk. 
OchtkodiAxta, fiisco-rulii,", 

PI VI

Birds B.M.VvL. XIV. 

Mintern Bros . Cliroitio lith 

J.Srral del.atlith.. nil 7 

Vchihcerxb LewocmatopcL. 

Birds B.M. Vol.AW 

n . vn. 
. Scnit deLeU.tU 

1. Ocftflwt'AXL dtrvufi'ons. Z. Ochtkceob pulchella, 
Birds B.M.Vcl.XN. 

Pi . VIII. 


("***«*# 

J. Sroat del.etlitk. 
MmteTTL Bros . Chromo litk. 

l.Platyrigniclms {\m\jgvJucxpis. 2\Tlafyrlv^nx}ais aUbiqvlaris. 

Birds.B.M.Vol.HV. PL. IK. 

MaxtfiTO-Bros. Chromo iith. 

LEiMcwthmm russgtus. Z .Iwscarthrais imjjiger. 

Birds B.M.Vel.M. Pi. I 

J. Sunt del.etttK. Mintenn- Bros. imp 
LeptopogoiL erythrops. 

SirdsB.M.Voim. Pi. a. 

WSPHWPBHB*^ 

MirvterriBros. Chromo lith.. 

J.Tyrcmmscus anereiioeps. Z.Tyranmsaxs yrwilipes. 

Birds B.M.VolMl n.M 

Mintjivn Bros. Chrome. Iilh 

J. Srnit del. et litk 
Elainexv olivuiob 

Birds B.M.VoLHV 

VI. m. 
J. Sirut del. et litk. 
Mmtern Bros . Chrome lilh. 

Bliynchocyclus ibJvtpedtas. 

Airde B.M.Vvl.XW. PI. XIV. 

J . brmt del. et Ktk. Mmtern-Bros . Chromo litt. 
Siriystes aJhoaimfeas. 

PI. XV.

Bird,? 3.M. Vol.Xir 

, Muscivvrcv cxxuhnjjjibs. /:•'. 2 

Birds B.M.Vol.IIV 

n.m. 
Smit del- etlitK 

Tfini e m Bros . Chx-omo lith 

Crapodect&s subhruraieus. 

Birds B.M.VolJM 

n.iyn. 

Mmlern Bros. Chrc 

J.Smit ad.etlith. 

Myiohius flxivLcans 

Birds B.M.Vol.HV. 

PI. ivm. 

/¥ 

J- Smit del.et litk. 

MmternBros. Chx-omo litk. 

Jfyiobius rorairrwa. 

Birds B.M.Vol.IN. Pl.IIL 

Mixitern. Bros. imp. 

J. Sirat del et Htb. 
C&rcvbopipr'aj iroucund/x,. 

PI. IX.

Birds B.M.VoL.M. 

Mmteirn. Bros. imp. 

J. Sirat dd.etlith.. 
Eeteropelma* wcdlacLb. 

Birds B.M.YolJN PI. IS. 

. Snub del.etJith.. Miniem. Bras. imp. 

Heterojjehna flavicapiUzLnh 

Bu-ds B.M.VolHV PI. XXII. 

J. Smit dal.et Ktk. 
Mint em Ea?os. 

Hetercpehnas ignueps, 

Birds B.M.VOLM: 

PI. MM. 

jv'inteTn Bros. imp. 

aarcmiiivevtm:. 

Birds B.M.VoLM. PI. IXIV. 

MinteTlT- Bros. imp. 

J. Slrdt del.et lith. 
Hadj'ostonuxs konwchrous,! d, Z ?. 

Birds B.M.Vol.HV. PI. XXV. 

. Smit del.etlitii "Mint em. Bros . imp, 

FacJtyrampJuM spodcuru&jld1, 2 ?. 

Birds BJLVoLM. 

Pl.IM. 

J. Ssat dd.etitk. 
Kixitem Bros . imp. 

lodopleura levLccpygiib. 

LIST OF THE CURRENT 

NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS 
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE 
BRITISH MUSEUM. 


The following publications can be purchased through the Agency of 
Messrs. LONGMANS & Co., 39, Paternoster Row; Mr. QUARTICH, 
15, Piccadilly; Messrs. KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRITBNER <fe 
Co., Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road; and Messrs. 
DULALT & Co., 37, Soho Square ; or at the NATURAL HISTORY 
MUSEUM, Cromwell Road, London, S. W. 

Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds, 
Eeptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented by B. H. 
Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd edition. By 
John Edward Graf. Pp. xii., 90. [With an account of the 
Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] 1863, 12roo. 2s. 3d. 

Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacihc 
Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. il Alert/' 1881-2. Pp. 
xxv., 084. 54 Plates. 1884, 8vo. 

Summary of the Voyage - By Dr. R. W. Coppinger. 
Mammalia --„ O. Thomas. 
Aves --„ R. B. Sharpe. 
Reptilia, Batrachia, Pisces -„ A. Giinther. 
Mollusca ---„ E. A. Smith. 
Echinodermata -„ P. J. Bell. 
Crustacea ---„ E. J. Miers. 
Coleoptera --„ C. 0. Waterhouse. 
Lepidoptera --„ A. G. Butler. 
Alcyonaria and Spongiida -„ S. O. Ridley. 

1/. 10*. 

MAMMALS. 

Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296. 1862, 
8vo. 5s. 

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, P.R.S., 
<fec. Pp. viiL, 137. 21 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 4s. 

Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mammalia 
in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., 
<fcc. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869, 8vo. 6s. 6d. 
U 7561L 2250.—3/93. Wt. 25177. E. & S, A 

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

Hand-List of Seals, Morses, Sea-Lions, aud Sea-Bears in the 
British Museum. By Dr. J. B. dray, E.R.S., &e. Pp. 43. 
30 Plates of Skulls. 1874, 8vo. 12*. 6d. 
Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John 
Edward Gray, F.R.S., <fce. 2nd edition. Pp. viL, 402. 101 
"Woodcuts. 1866, 8vo. 8s. 
Supplement. By John Edward Gray,F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi., 

103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6d. 
List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department of 
the British Museum. By William Henry Flower, LL.D., 
F.R.S., <&c. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 
Pp. iv.9 36. 1885, 8vo. Is. 6d. 
Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linnaeus) in the 
. British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. 
viii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. Ss. 6d. 
Hand-List of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Ruminant 
Mammals in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Grav, F.R.S., 
&c. Pp. vii., 176. 42 Plates of Skulls, <&c. 1873, 8vo. 12s. 
Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401. 
4 coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. II 8s. * 

BIRDS. 

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum:— 

Yol. HI. Catalogue of the Passerifornies, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Colioworpfice, 
containing the families Corvidse, Paradiseidse, 
Oriolidae, Dicruridae, and Prionopidae. By R. Bowdler 
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 343. Woodcuts and 14 coloured 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 
1877, 8vo. 17s. 

Vol. IY. Catalogue of the Passeriforrnes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphce: 
Part I., containing the families Canipophagidse 
and Muscicapidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi, 

494. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 11. 
Yol. 
Y. Catalogue of the Passerifornies, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphm; 
Part II., containing the family Turdid® 
(Warblers and Thrushes). By Henry Seebohm. Pp. 
xvi., 426. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1881, 8vo. IL 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 3 

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum—continued. 
Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphm: 
Part III., containing the first portion of the 
family Timeliidse (Babbling Thrushes). By E. Bowdler 
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 420. Woodcuts and 18 coloured 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 
1881, 8vo. II. 

Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. CicJilomorphcs: 
Part IV., containing the concluding portion of 
the family Timeliidse (Babbling Thrushes). By E. 
Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and 15 
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. U 6s. 

Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorplim 
: Part V., containing the families Paridae and 
Laniidae (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certhiomorphce 
(Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gradow, M.A., 
Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 386. Woodcuts and 9 coloured Plates. 
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 
8vo. 17*. 

Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum, Cinnyrimorphce, 
containing the families Nectariniidse and Meliphagidse 
(Sun Birds and Honey-eaters). By Hans G-adow, M.A., 
PhJX Pp. xii., 310. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates. 
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1884, 
8vo. 145. 

Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes : 
Part I., containing the families Dicseidae, Hirundinidse, 
Ampelidaa, Mniotiltidas, and Motacillidse. By E. Bowdler 
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates. 
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 
8vo. 11.2s. 

Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes : 
Part II., containing the families Coerebidse, Tanagridae, 
and IcteridflB. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., P.E.S. 
Pp. xvii., 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. 1886,8vo.l/. 

Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes 
: Part III., containing the family Pringillidae. By 

B. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and 16 
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1/. 8*. 
Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sturni-

A 2 

4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum—continued. 
formes, containing the families Artamidae, S tumid*, 
Ploceidas, and Alaudidae. Also the families Atriehiidae 
and Menuridie. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. 
Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo., 11. 8,s\ 
Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Oligowi/
odcr, or the families Tyrannidae, Oxyrhamphidae, 
Pipridae, Cotingida1, Phytotomida?, Philepittidae, PIttidse, 
Xenieidae, and Eurylaemidae. By Philip Lutley Sclater, 
M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts and 26 coloured 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 
1888, 8vo. II 4s. 
Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Trackeophonce, 
or the families Dendrocolaptidae, Pormieariidae, 
Conopophagidae, and Pteroptochidas. By Philip Lutley 
Selater, M.A., E.R.S. Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20 
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/. 
Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Upupce and Trochili, by Osbert 
Salvin. Coracite, of the families Cypselidae, Caprimulgid&, 
Podargidas, and Steatornithidae, by Ernst Hartert. 
Pp. xvi. 703. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. 
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 
8vo. 1/. 16A\* 

Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Coracice (contin.) and Halci/oms, 
with the families Leptosoniatidae, Coraciidse, Meropidse, 
Alcedinidae, Moniotidae, Totida^ and Coliidas, by 

B. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by 
W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17 
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 

Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 1/. 10*. 

Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family 
Picidse. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Woodcuts 
and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/. 6s. 

Vol. XIX. 
Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Scansores and Coccyges: containing 
the families Rhamphastidas, Gralbulidae, and Bueconidaa, 
by P. L. Sclater; and the families Indicator* das, Capitonidaa, 
Cuculidae, and Musophagidae, by Gf. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 

484: 13 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
ludexes.] 1891, 8vo. II. 5s. 
Vol. XX. 
Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori. 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

Pp. xvii., 658 : woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. U 10?. 

Hand-List of Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing those 
contained in the British Museum. By G. R. Gray, F.R.S., 
&c. Part III. Struthiones, Grallse, and Anseres, with Indices 
of Generic and Specific Names. Pp. xL, 350. [Table of G-enera 
and Subgenera: Part III.] 1871, 8vo. 8*\ 

List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By George Robert Gray :—. 
Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonidse and Picidse. 
[With Index.] Pp. 137. 1868, 12mo. 1,9. 6d. 
Part IV. Columb«. [With Index.] Pp. 73. 1856, 
12mo. Is. 9d. 
Part V. Galiinas. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1867, 12mo. 1*. 6d. 

Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific 
Ocean in the Collection of the British Museum. By George 
Robert Gray, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1859, 8vo. Is. 6d. 

REPTILES. 

Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Atnphisbsenians in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, 
F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 
1844, 12mo., Is. 

Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British 
Museum :— 
Appendix. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., Ac. Pp. 28. 
1872, 4to. 2*. 6d. 
Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphisbasnians. 
By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi., 

41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3*. 6d. 
Hand-List 
of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British 
Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., Ac. Pp. iv., 

124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8vo. 4*. 
Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles 
in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. By 
George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. [With Systematic and 
Alphabetical Indexes.] 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. 1889, 
8vo. 15s. 

Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and 
extinct) in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By Albert C. L. G. Giinther, M.A., M.D., 
Ph.D., F.R.S. Pp. iv.* 96. 55 Plates, and two Charts of the 
Aldabra group of Islands, north-west of Madagascar. [With a 
Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living Gigantic Land 
Tortoises.] 1877, 4to. XL 10.9. 

6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

Catalogue of the Lizards In the British Museum (Natural History). 
Second edition. By George Albert Boulenger :— 

Vol. I. Geekonidas, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidse, Pysropodid
», Agamidse. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8YO. 20S. 

Vol. II. Iguanida?, Xenosauridae, Zonuridae, Anguida?, 
Anniellidae, Helodermatidse, Varanida?, Xantusiidse, 
Teiidae, Amphisbaenidae. Pp. xiii, 497. 24 Plates. 
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 
8vo. 20s. * 

Vol. III. Laeertidse, Gerrbo.saurida?, Scincidae, Anelytropidas, 
Dibaniidse, Chamseleontidfe. Pp. xii.. 575. 40 
Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical 
Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8TO. 1Z. 6.9. 

Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. XYL. 281. [With 
Geographical, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858, 
12mo. 4*. 

BATBACHIANS. 

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi, 160. 12 
Plates. [With Systematic, Geographical, and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1858, 8ro. 6s. 

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia, a Ecaudata, in the Collection 
of the British Museum. Second Edition. By George Albert 
Boulenger. Pp. xvi., 503. Woodcuts and 30 Plates. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, Svo. 1/. lOv. 

Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s. Caudata, and Batrachia 
Apoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Second 
edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viiL, 127, 9 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 
8vo. 9s. 

FISHES. 

Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum 
By Dr. Albert Giinther, P.B.S., &c. ;— 

Vol. IV. Acanthopterygii pharyngognathi and Anacanthini. 
Pp. xxi., 534. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1862, 8vo. 8*. 6d. 

Vol. V. Physostomi (Sihridas, Characmidaa, Haplochitonidse, 
Steraoptyehidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidse). Pp 
xxii., 455. Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1864, Svo. 8*. 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

Catalogue of the Fisbes—continued. 
Vol. VII. Physostomi (Heterophygii, Cyprinidae, Gonorhynchidse, 
Hyodontidse, Osteoglossidas, Clupeida3, 
Chiroeentridas, Alepocephalidse, Notopteridae, Halosauridse). 
Pp. xx., 512. "Woodcuts. [With Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1868, 8vo. 8,9. 
Vol. VIII. Physostomi (Gynmotidae, Symbranchidsa, 
Munenidae, Pegasidse), Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, 
Dipnoi, G-anoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, Leptocardii. 
Pp. xxv, 549. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 3*. Gd. 
List of the Specimens of Pish in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. By J. E. Gray. Pp. x., 

160. 2 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.! 
1851, 12mo. 3.9. 
Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore 
Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 196. [With a 
Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo. 3*. Gd. 

Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Pish in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates. 
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s. 

MOLLUSCA. 

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the British 
Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., E.R.S., 
Ac. Pp . xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. 5*. 

Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British 
Museum, collected by Frederick B-eigen. Described by Philip 

P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, 12mo. 8*. 
List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British 
Museum, collected and described by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet 
in the u Voyage autour du Monde, execute pendant les annees 
« 1836 et 1837, sur la Corvette «La Bonite,' »* and in the 
" Histoire naturelle des Mollusques Pteropodes," Par MM. 

P. C. A. L. Rang et Souleyet. Pp. iv., 27. 1855, 12mo. Sd. 
Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Collection 
of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis PfeifFer. 
Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. Gd. 
Catalogue of the Auriculidas, Proserpinidse, and Truncatellidae in 
the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. 
Pp, iv>, 150. Woodcuts. 1857,12mo. 1*. 9d. 
List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By 
John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. 
Part I. Volutidae. Pp. 23. 1855, 12mo. Gd. 
Part II. Olividge. Pp. 41. 1865, 12mo, Is. 

8 LIST OF PITULIGATIONS OF THE 

Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By M. Deshayes :— 
Part 1. Veneridae, Cyprinidae, Glaucononiidse, and Petricoladse. 
Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3*. 
Part II. Petricoladae (concluded); CorbieuladsB. Pp. 
217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two 
parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d. 

BRACHIOPODA. 

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the 
Collection of the British Museum. [Issued as " Catalogue of 
the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv., 128. 25 Woodcuts. [With 
an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo. 3s. 

POLYZOA. 

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F.R.S. 
Pp, viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875, 
8vo. 5s. 

CRUSTACEA. 

Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. 
Part I. Leucosiadae. By Thomas Bell, V.P.R.S., Pres. L.S., 
Ac. Pp. iv., 24. 1855, 8vo. 6d 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By C, Spence Bate, F.R.S., 
&c. Pp. iv., 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 
1862, 8vo. II 5s. 

INSECTS, 

Coleopterous Insects. 

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the 
British Museum:— 

Part V. Cucujidse, <fec. By Frederick Smith. [Also issued 
as "List of the Coleopterous Insects. Part I."J 
Pp. 25. 1851, 12mo.6tf. 

Part VI. Passalidse. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 23. 
1 Plate. [With Index.] 1852, 12mo. 8d. 
Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 174. 
4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2*. *Gd. 
Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237. 
6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3*. 6d. 

Part IX. Cassidid^. By Charles H. Boheman, Professor of 
Natural History, Stockholm. Pp.225. [With Index.! 
1856, 12mo. 3.9. J 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9 

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection 
of the Britibh Museum. Part I. Lyci<he. By CharUw Owen 
Waterhouse. Pp. x., S3. 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16.v 

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection 
of the British Museum. ByT. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.h.S. 
Pp. xvi., 234 : 1 plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue and 
an Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3s. 
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collection 
of the British Museum. , By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., 

F.L.S. Pp. xiii.,648. [With Topographical and Al])habetieal 
Indexes.] 1861, 8vo. 10s. Gtf. 
Catalogue of Halticidse in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and 
CEdipodes. Part J. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispieceand9 Plates. 
I860, 8vo. Is. 

Catalogue 
of Hispida* in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., <&c. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9 
Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 8vo. 0s. 

Hi/me nop terotes Insects. 

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo.:— 
Parti. Andrenid» and Apidw. Pp.197. 6 Plates. 1853, 
2*. 6d. 
Part II. Apidae. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an 
Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s. 
Part III. Mutillida and Pompilidee. Pp. 206. 6 Plates. 
1855, 6s. 
Part IV. Sphegida?, Larridao, and Crabronidie. Pp. 207


497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1850, 
65. 
Part V. Vespidas. Pp. 117. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1857, 6s. 
Part VI. Formicidfc. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an 
Alphabetical Index.] 1858, Qs. 
Part VII. Dorylid® and Thynnidffl. Pp. 76. 3 Plates. 
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s. 
Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240. 
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10A-. 

List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical 
Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Teiuhredinida* and 
Siricida3. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii., 450. 16 coloured 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 
8vo, 11. 18s. 

Dipterous Insects. 

List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. 12mo. :— 
Part II. Pp. 231-484. 1849, 3s. 6tf. 
U 75614. A 5 

10 LLST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects, <&c.—continued. 
Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an index to the four 
parts, and an Index of Donors.] 1849. 66'. 

Part VI. Supplement II. Acroceridae and part of the 
family Asilkbe. Pp. ii., 331-506. 8 Cuts. 1854. 3.?. 
Part VII. Supplement III. Asilid®. Pp. ii., 507-775. 

1855. 35. QcL 

Lepidopterous Insects. 

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in 
the Collection of the British Museum :— 

Part III. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviii., 82. 
41-60 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 
1879, 4to. 21. 10s. 

Pait V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74. 
78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 
1881, 4to. 2L 10s. 

Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv.} 89. 
101-120 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 
1886, 4to. 2/. 4s. 

Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124* 
121-138 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.] 
1889, 4to. 21, 

Part VIIL The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri 
District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iy., 144. 
139-156 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.] 
1891, 4to. 2/. 

Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. 
By George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-176 
Coloured Plates. [With a General Systematic List of 
Species collected in, or recorded from, Ceylon,] 1893, 
4to. 21. 2s. 

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyrida3 in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, 
F.L.S., &c. Pp. vi., 211. 5 Plates. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1868, 8vo. 6s. 6d. 

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, 
¥ L.S , Sec. Pp. h\, 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. Is. 6d. 

Specimen of a Catalogue of Lyea3iiida3 in the British Museum, By 

W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. 8 Coloured Plates. 1862, 4to. 1/, Is. 
List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. Papilionidae. By G. B. Gray, F.L.S. 
Pp. 106. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, l2mo. 2s. 
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum. 
By Francis Walker. 12mu.:— 
Part IV. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 776-976. 1855, 

On 

BRTTtKH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterons Insects, &e.—continued. 
PaitVL Lepidoptera Iloterocera. Pp. 1238-1507.1855, 
3*. 6rf. 

Part VII. Pp. 1508 - 1808. 
[With an Alphabetical Index to Parts L-VIL] 1856, 
4*. Qd. 

Part XIX. Pyralides. Pp. 799-1030. [With an Alphabetical 
Index to Parts XV1.-XIX.] 1859, 3,v. iUl 

Part XXI. Geometrites. Pp. 277-498. 1800, 3,s\ 

Part XXII. Pp. 499-755. 1861, 3s. Qd. 

Part XXIII. Pp. 756-1020. 1861, 3*. fW. 

Part XXIV. Pp. 1021-1280. 1802, ,'iv. (kl. 

Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1802,3*. 

Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1790. [With an 
Alphabetical Index" to Parts XX.-XXVI.J 1802, 

Part XXVII. Crambites and Torlrieites. Pp. i-286. 
1863, 4^. 
Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-501. 
1863, 4s. 

Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-835. 1864, 4*. 

Part XXX. Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha betical 
Index to Parts XXVII.-XXX.] 1864, 4*. 

Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864,5A-. 
Part XXXII. Part 2. Pp. 322-706. 
1865, 5s. 
Part XXXIII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 
1865, 6s. 
Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533. 
1865, 5s. 6<Z. 
Part XXXV. Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040. 

[With an Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXI.-XXXV.] 

1866, 7s. 
Neuropterous Insects. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Francis Walkej\ 12mo.:— 
Part I. (Phryganides—Perlides.) Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 

2s. Qd. 

Part II. Sialidse—ISTemopterides. Pp. ii., 193-476. 
1853, Zs. 6d. 
Part III. Termitidse—Ephemeridae. Pp. ii., 477-585. 
1853, Is. 6d. 
Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen. Part I. 
Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d. 

Orthopterous Insects. 

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part 1. Phasmidse. By John Obadiah Westwood, 
E.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1859, 4to. 3/. 

L2 LIST OK PUBLICATIONS OF TUTS 

Catalogue of the Specimens ofBlattame in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., <fcc. Pp. 239. 
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 18G8, 8vo. 5*. 6d. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria [Part I.] 
and Supplement to the Blattarise in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Gryllida\ Blartaria*. Loeustidse. By Francis 
Walker, F.L.S.*, &<\ Pp. 224. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 
1869, 8vo. 5s. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the 
Collection of the British Museum. B) Francis Walker, 
F.L.S., Ac — 

Part II. LocustidiP (continued) Pp. 225-423. [With 
an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4*. 6d. 
Part III. Loeustidse (continued).—Acrididse. Pp. 425


604. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4*. 
Part IV. Aerididse (continued). Pp. 605-809. [With 
an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6s. 
Part V. Tettigidae.—Supplement to the Catalogue of Blattarise.— 
Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera 
Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geographical Distribution 
of Dermaptera). Pp 811-850; 43; 116. [With 
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 6s. 

Hemipterovs Insects. 

List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of 

the British Museum. By W. S. Dallas, F.L.S. :— 
Part L Pp. 368. 11 Plates. 1851, 12mo. 7*. 
Part JL Pp. 369-590. Plates 12-15. 1852, 12mo. 4s. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., 
<fec. 8vo.:— 

Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867. 5s. 
Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867. 4*. 
Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to 


Parts I., II., III., and Summary of Geographical Distribu


tion of the Species mentioned.] 1868. 4*. 6d. 
Part IV. Pp.211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871. 6*. 
PartV. Pp.202. - 1872. 5s. 
Part VI. Pp.210. • 1873. 5s. 
Part VII. Pp. 213. - 1873. 6s. 
Part VIII. Pp. 220. 1873. 6s. 6d. 

Homopterous Insects. 

List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By Francis Walker. Supplement. Pp. 
ii., 369. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 4*. 6d. 

VEBMES. 
Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, contained 
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird. 
pp. iv., 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in 
which the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found; and 
an Index of Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s. 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATUHAL HISTOHY), 13 

ANTHOZOA. . 

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariidae iu the Collection of the 
British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., <k\ Pp. iv., *1(). 
2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 1*. Qd. 

Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. iv., 51. 
14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3*. 

BRITISH ANIMALS. 

Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Pp. 
xii., 248. List of Species. 1863, 8vo. 3*. 6d. 

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenidae and Apidse. 
By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. k New Issue. Pp. xi. 236. 11 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 
8vo. 6s. 

Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidse, and 
Vespidae in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick 
Smith, Y0P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6s. 

A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.B., Edin., 

F.R.C.L. Ed., LL.D. Marischal Coll Aberdeen, &c Pp. 365. 
Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 
1865, 8vo. 7s. 
Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum 
(Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M-A. Pp. xvii. 202. 
Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 coloured). [With Table of Contents, 
Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index, Description 
of the Plates, Ac] 1892, 8vo. 12*. 6d 

List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the 
British Museum; with Synonyma and References to figures. 
12mo. :— 

Part 
V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 1850. 2nd 
Edition. By H. T. Stainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv. 

224. 1856, 12mo. Is. 9d. 
Part VII. . Mollusca, Acephala, and Brachiopoda. By 
Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. iv., 167. 1851, 12mo. 3*. 6d. 
Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. 
Pp.iv., 51. 1852, Is. 
Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick 
Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853,12mo. Is. id. 
Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam 
White. Pp. iv., 16. 1853, 12mo. 6d. 
Part XV. 
Nomenclature of Diptera, I. By Adam White. 
Pp. iv., 42. 1853, 12mo. 1*. 

14 LIST OF PUBLECATrONS OF THE 
PLANTS. 

Libl of British Diatomaceae in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S., Ac. Pp. iv., 55. 1859,12mo. 1*. 

FOSSILS. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural 
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :— 

Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, Ensectivora, 
Carnivora, and Eodentia. Pp. xxx., 268. 33 
Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 
1885, 8vo. 5s. 

Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Artiodactyla. 
Pp.xxii.,324. 39 Woodcuts. [With Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 188o, 8YO. 6S. 

Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Perissoclactyla, 
Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Amblypoda. 
Pp. xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, 
and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including 
Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s. 

Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Proboscidea. 
Pp. xxiv.,235. 32 Woodcuts. [With Systematic 
Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, 
including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5s. 

Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Sirenia, 
Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and 
Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts. [With 
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and 
Species, including Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. 6s. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural 
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A." Pp. xxvii., 368. 75 
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of 
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 10s.6d. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British 
Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., 

F.G.S. :— 
Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, 
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. 
Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic 
Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and 
Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7s. 6d. 

Part II. Containing the Orders Iehthyopterygia and 
Sauropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With 
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and 
Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d. 

Part III. 
Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii., 239. 
53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical 
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 
1889, 8vo. 7s. Gfl 

BKlTIbH MUSEUM (iVA'fURAL JLUbTOKiT).

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia.—continued. 
Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomoclontia, Ecaudala, 
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement. Pp. 
xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, 
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including 
Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Specie 
to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7,v\ 6d. 
(Catalogue of the Fossil Fibhes in the British Museum (Natural 
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. :— 
Part ] (Containing the Elasmobranehii. Pp. xlvii., 474. 
13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, 
and Systematic Index of Grenera and Species.] 1889, 
8vo. 21*. 
Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodiij, 
Holocephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi, and 
Teleostomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Aetinopterygii). 
Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. 
[With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of 
Genera and Species.] 1891, 8\o. 21A*. 
Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene 
and Eocene Mullusca in the British Museum (Natural History), 
with references to the type-specimens from similar horizons 
contained in other collections belonging to the Geological 
Department of the Museum. By Richard Bullen Newton, 
F.G-.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. [With table of Families and Genera, 
Bibliography, Correlation-table, Appendix, and Alphabetical 
Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum 
(Natural History). By Arthur H. Foorcl, F.G.S.:— 

Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, consisting 
of the families Orthoceratidae, Endoceratida*, 
Actinoceratidae, Gomphoceratidae, Ascoceratidaa, Poterioceratidae, 
Cyrtoceratidse, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi., 

344. 51 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and 
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including 
Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 10s. 6d. 
Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder Nautiloidea, 
consisting of the families Lituitidae, Trochoceratidaa, 
Nautilidae, and Supplement. Pp. xwiii, 407. 8G 
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical 
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 
1891, 8vo. 15*. 

A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and 
the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry 
Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5*. 

Catalogue of the Blastoidea 
in the Geological Department of the 
British Museum (Natural History), with an account of the 
morphology and systematic position of the group, and a revision 
of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge, jun., of the 
Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History), 

16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.L.S. (of Eton 
College). [With a preface by Dr. EL Woodward, Table of 
Contents, General Index, Explanation of the Plates, <fec] Pp. 
xv., 322. 20 Plates. 1886, 4to. 25s, 

Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Department of 
the British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of 
new and little known species. By George Jennings Hinde, 
Ph.D., F.G.S. Pp. viii., 248. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular 
List of Species, arranged in Zoological and Stratigraphical 
sequence, and an Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 4to. ll. 10s. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum 
(Natural History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., 
&c. Pp. xxiv., 100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. 5s. 

Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in the Department of Geology 
and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History). By 
Eobert Kidston, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288. [With a list of works 
quoted, and an Index.] 1886, 8vo. 5s. 

GUIDE-BOOKS. 

( To be obtained only at the Museum.) 

A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History), 
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [By W. H. Flower.] With 2 
Plans, 2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 74. 
1891, 8vo. Zd. 

Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteological, 
Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum 
(Natural History). [By A Giinther.] 4th Edition. Pp. 126. 
51 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1892, 8vo. 6d. 

Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of 
Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. 
Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. iv., 119. 101 Woodcuts and 1 
Plan. Index. 1888, 8vo. M. 

Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Echinodermata, 
Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British 
Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition. 
Pp. iv., 74. 51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1888, 8vo. 4d. 

A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the Department of Geology 
and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural History), 
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [New Edition. By Henry 
Woodward.]— 

Part I. Fossil Mammals and Birds. Pp. xii., 103. 119 
Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890, 8vo. 6d. 
Part II. Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates. Pp. 
xii., 109. 94 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890* 8vo. 6d. 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATUIIVL HISTOKV).

Guide to tlie Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of 
Geology and Paleontology, Brilisli Museum (Natural IHstorj), 
Cromwell Eoad, South Kousington [ By Henry Woodward | 
2nd Edition. Pp. 51. 81 Woodcuts. Index. 1888, 8vo. 4<L 

A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural 
History). [By L Fletcher.] Pp.32. Plan. 1893, 8vo. L/. 

An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the 
Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History), 
Cromwell Road, S."W. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 120. With 
numerous Diagrams, a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an 
Index. 1893, 8vo. 6d. 

The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum 
(Natural History). New Edition. Pp. 29. With a plan of 
the Mineral Gallery. 1893, 8vo. 2d. 

An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List oi ihe 
Meteorites represented in the Collection [By L. Fletcher. ] 
Pp. 91. [With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to 
the Meteorites represented in the Collection 1 1893, 8vo. 'ML 

Guide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the Department of 
Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Worthiugton 

G. Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 82. 93 Woodcuts. With Table of 
Diagnostic Characters and Index. 1893, 8vo. Ad. 
W. H. FLOWER, 
Director. 

British Museum 
(Natural History), 
Cromwell Road, 
London, S.W. 


April 1st, 1893. 

LONDON: Printed by EYRE and SPOTTISWOODE. 
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 
For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 


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