Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 
Volume XV 
1890 
eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by 
Humboldt-Universität zu 
Berlin
CATALOGUE 

OF THE 

PASSERIFORMES, 


OR 

PERCHING BIRDS, 


IN THE 

COLLECTION 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 

TRACHEOPHONJS, 

OE THE FAMILIES 

DENDROCOLAPTIM!, FORMICARIIDiE, 
CONOPOPHAGID^B, AND PTEROPTOOHIDJ3. 


{Kgi.Zeoln.,%, 
Br 
L * Museums ••: 
PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER. ^Q0® 

LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 
1890. 

FEINTED BY TATIOE AND PKANCTS, 
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 


PREFACE. 

"WITH the present Volume the Catalogue of Passerine Birds is 
completed, the greater part of the manuscript of the Thirteenth 
Yolume having passed through the press. The five following 
Volumes will be devoted to the account of the Picariaus, and are 
all ia a more or less advanced state of preparation. 

ALBERT GUNTHER, 

Keeper of the Department of Zoology. 

British Museum (N. EL), 
March-7,1890. 

INTRODUCTION. 

As announced in the Introduction to the fourteenth volume, the 
present volume of the * Catalogue of Birds' is devoted entirely to 
the Tracheophonine Passeres, that is to those Passerines in which 
the organ of voice is formed by a special modification of the lower 
end of the trachea, as more fully described below. According to 
Garrod1 s arrangement, which is followed here, the Tracheophonce 
form a subdivision of the Mcsomyodce, although, from my own point 

of view, it would seem better to separate the Passeres into four 
suborders of equivalent value, of which the Tracheophonce should be 

considered the lowest and most abnoimal. This, however, is not a 
point of material consequence. Whichever view is taken, the Tracheophonce 
remain as an independent group of Passeres absolutely 
distinguished from their fellows by the peculiar modification of 
their trachea, although, with external characters only to rely upon, 
it is in some cases difficult to separate them from corresponding 
forms of the Oscines and Oligomyodce. 

So far as has been hitherto made out, the Tracheophonine structure 
prevails only in four families of Passerine Birds, all of which 
are absolutely restricted to the Neotropical Region. In the Neotropical 
Region, however, Tracheophonce are abundant and widely 
spread, except in the Antillean Snbregion, where they do not 
occur. 

The great anatomist Johannes Muller was the discoverer of the 
Tracheophonine structure. Little additional light was thrown upon 
the subject until the researches of Garrod were commenced many 
years later. Garrod fully recognized three of the families of this 

Vlll INTRODUCTION. 

group; but tho fourth (G'onogophagidce) was left to "be constituted 

by Eorbes—his, not less able, successor in the Zoological Society's 

Prosectorship. 

As in the case of the Oligomyodce, I have not attempted in 

treating of these four families to invent any new arrangement, but 

have in general simply followed out the lines laid down in the 

* Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium.' The time has not yet 
arrived for a fresh revision of these obscure forms of Passores. 
Not only a much fuller series of skins, but, what is much more necessary, 
a complete collection of specimens preserved in spirit and the 
still more important adjunct of an able and experienced anatomist are 
required before any such new revision can be successfully carried out. 
Had Porbes and Grarrod been still living to continue their labours 
this might have been ere now possible; but where is a successor to 
be found with similar zeal and skill and with equal opportunities ? 
Not, I fear, in the author of the present volume, who is fully aware 
that his work has no claims to be called a monograph, but is simply 
a catalogue of species and specimens, which it is hoped, however, 
may tend towards the elucidation of a very difficult subject by 
future labourers. 
In the present volume I have catalogued about 4482 specimens 
of TmcJieopJionce as belonging to the Collection of the British 
Museum. These have been referred to 92 genera and 531 species, 
leaving only 28 species known to the author but not yet represented 
in the Collection. Many other species, however, indicated only by 
the footnotes under the head of each genus, may ultimately turn 
out to be perfectly valid. The " types " in this portion of the series 
are especially numerous, and amount to no less than 172. These 
are in great part derived from what was formerly my own private 
collection, which I am much pleased to see incorporated in the great 
National Series, and from that of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, which 
is also very rich in original specimens. I must also call attention 
to the extreme value of the Salvin-Godman Collection as regards 
the localities of the specimens, which are in most cases authenticated 
by known collectors and in many instances exhibit nearly the 
whole range of the species. ISTor must I omit again to record the 
obligations I am under to the same generous friends, to whose 

liberality tho National Collection is so deeply indebtedt for their 

INTRODUCTION. 

kindness in allowing me the free use of their unrivalled series before 
its removal to South Kensington. 

Other kind friends and correspondents who have assisted mo by-
information and loan of specimens during the preparation of the 
present volume are Hans, Graf v. Berlepsch, of Mucnden; Br. A. 
Dubois, of Brussels ; Dr. G. Hartlaub, of Bremen; Mr. G. N. 
Lawrence, of New York; MM. Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, of 
Paris; Herr A. v. Pelzeln, of Vienna; Mr. Kidgway, of Washington; 
and Mr. Allen, of New York. To these I must add the name 
of Ladislas Taczanowski, of Warsaw, whoso recent death has been 
an occasion of grief to all Ornithologists. 

P. L. SOLATEll. 
3 Hanover Square, London, W. 
March 1st, 1890. 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX, 


Order P A S S E RIFO E M E S. 
Suborder PASSERES. 


Division MESOMYOBM. 

Subdiv. TRAOHEOPHONJE. 

Fam.L 
DENBEOCOLAPTIBiE. 

Subfam. I. FUENAEIIN^E, 
Page 

1. Geobates, Sw 4 

1. pcecilopterus, Max. .. 4 

2. GeoHfEaT^? 5 

1. cunicularia, Vieill. .. 5 

2. ffobeeni, Phil. etLandb. f> 

3. w&he\]in2L,Phil.etZandb. 7 

4. nifipennisj Burm 7 
5- pleriivlana, £#/> 8 
6, saxicolina, Tt a 8 

7. tenuirostrisj d'OrJ <?£ 

-i^r:: o 

8* crassirostris, #c/ 10 

3. Purnarius, Vieill 10 
Q 1. rufus, (rme/, 11 

2. albigularis, Spiv 11 

0 8.fijfulufi, Xic^ 12 

4. cristatus, j?a,ntt 13 
5. TeucopusT"^?/; 13 
6. agnatus, Scl et Sal v. .. 14 
7. assimilis, <?a&. e£ Rein. L4 
8. minor, Pefe 14 
9. to^du^ Scl et Sah. .. 15 
10, pTleatus, Scl et Sah. . 15 
11. cinnaniomeus, Less. .. 15 

4. 
Upucerthia, Geoffr. St.-
Ilil 16 

1. 
djiffl^toilL. Geoffr. et 
"^tjQrf^ 17 
2.^m^Cab 18 
3, vSIi^rostris, Barm. . . 18 
4, excelsior, Scl 18 

5. ancTIcola, <T Orh. et Lafr. 10 

Tngr 

6. bridgesi, Set ID 

7. luscinia, Burm 20 

8. fuftcauda, Meyen .... 20 

5. 
Cinclodes, Gray 2L 

1. nigrifumosus, (TOrb. et 
~Xafr 21 

2. patagonicuaj Gmel% .. 22 

3. Kscus,Vieill 23 

4. antarcticuSj Gam 25 

5. KISsciatuSj So! 25 

6. palliatua, Tsch 20 

6. Ilenicornis, Gray 26 

1. ghoenicura, Gould .... 26 

2. melaniTra^ Gray 27 

7. 
Clibanornis, Scl et Sah. . 27 

1. dendrocolaptoidea, Pelz. 27 

8. Loclmrias, SID 28 

1. neiuatura, Licht 28 

2. ftoforia, Scl. et Sah. . . 28 

Subfam. II. SYNALLAXINJS. 

9. Oxyurus, SID 29 
1.8pinicauda3 Gmel 30 

2. 
masaTuerae, JPh, et 
-XanM. I SO 

10. 
Sylviortkorhynchus, Pes 
Murs 31 

1. ^esmursi, Gay 31 

11. Rchizceaca, Cab 81 

1. fuliginoaa, Lafr 32 

2. griseo-murina, Scl 32 

3. palpebralis, Cab 32 

4. coryi, Berl 33 

12. 
PMoeocryptes,Cya5. etHein. 33 
c) 1. melanops^ Vieill 33 
2.*sclffinoD8Bnus, Cab. et 
Mem 34 

13. Leptasthenura, Refcherib.. 34 

0 1. ^githaloicles, Kiltl .. 35 

2. aJfiKSTaTTO 86 

3. pileata, Scl 36 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 

4. fuligriniceps, Lafr. et 
'"" d'Orb 37 
14. Synallnxis, Vieill 37 
1. ruficapilla, Vieill 38 
2. pblTdpnry6, Cab 39 
D 3. frontal/a, l>ete 39 
4. superciliosa, Cab 41 
S.liicesta, 3d. 41 
6. bmnneicauda, 3d 41 
7. spixi, Scl 42 
8. albescens, Temm 43 
O.Ttypospodia, Sd 44 
10. subpudica, 3d 45 
11. pudjca, Scl 45 
12. jmianensis3 Gmel 40 
13. aftffora, Pete 47 
14. cinerascens, Temm. . . 48 
15. maranonica, Tacz 48 
16. propinqua, Pete 48 
17. stictothbrax, Scl 49 
18. semicinerea, Peichenb. 49 
19. scutata, Scl 49 
20. whitii, Scl 50 
21. cinnaniomea, Gmel. . . 50 
22. wxs^eEm,'Waft 51 
23. vulpina, Pete 52 
24. unirufa, Lafr 52 
25. fusco-rufa, Scl 53 
26. castanea, Scl 53 
27. fcollari, P*& 68 
28. candsei, Lafr. et d'Orb. 54 
29. Isemosticta, 3d. 54 
30. terrestris, Jard 54 
31. adusta, Salv. et Godm. 55 
32. gularis, Lafr 55 
33. ef^throthorax, Scl 55 
34. Ibrquata,* War 56 
35. maximilianij di'Orb. . . 56 
36. paucalensis, Tacz 57 
i) 37. pliryganophila, Vieill. 57 
38. PtctfitoSs, Temm 57 
15. Siptorriia, Peichenb 58 
1. RallMa, Max 59 
2. antisiensis, Scl 59 
3. curtata, Scl 59 
^egrthrpps, Scl 60 
5. rufigenis, Later 60 
6. striaticollis, Lafr 61 
7. hyposticta, Pete , 61 
8. subcristata, Scl 62 
9. ruticilla, Licht 62 
(i 10, slriaticeps, 
d'Orb. et 
Lafr 63 


11. rufipennis, 3d. et Salv. (53 
12. albiceps, cPOrb. et Lafr. 64 
13. albicapilla, Cab 04 
Page 

14. humicola, Kittl 65 
1ST oibignn, Peichenb 65 
16. afec[uj§(G]mScl. et Salv. 60 
17. modesta, Byton 66 
18. Eumilis, Cab 67 
19. pwGEimda, Scl Q7 
6 
20. sordida, Less 68 
21.jmtagonica, <fOr& 69 
22. juTpnunJfera, Burm. . , 69 
23. anthoides, King 70 
24. Kudsoni, 3d. .* 70 
25. graminicola, Scl. .... 71 
20. -wjatti, 3d. et Salv. . . 71 
27. virgata, 3d 71 
2b. flammulata, Jaid 72 
29. maluroides, d'Orb. et 
Lafr 72 
16. Xenerpestes, Berl 73 
1. minlosi, Berl 73 
Subfam. III. PHILYDORINJE. 

17. 
Cory phi stem, Burm 75 
H 1. alajidjaa^jfo/rw 75 
18. 
Anumbius, a? Orb. et Lafr. 75 
I 1. acuticaudatus, Less. .. 75 
19. Limnophyes, 3d 76 
1. curvirostris, Gould.... 76 
20. Linfnornis, Gould 77 
1. rectirostris, Gould .... 77 
21. Psendocolaptes, Peichenb. 77 
1. boissoneaiiti, Lafr. ., 78 
2. lawrencii, Pidgin 79 
22. Berlepscliia, Pidgw 79 
1. likeri, Pidgxo 79 
23. Phacelodcmus, Peichenb. 79 
J 1. ruber, Vieill 80 
2rfiif frons, Max 80 

3. sibilatrix, Boering .... 81 
4. striaticeps, d'Orb. et 
Lafr 81 
5. striaticollia, d'Orb. et 
Y Lafr 82 
6. rufipennis, Scl 83 
24. Thripophaga, Cab 83 
1. T&triolata,, Licht 83 
2. guTEulTgera, Scl 84 
3. erytbrophtnalmajiltf^r. 84 
4. sclateri, Berl 84 
5. fusciceps, Scl 85 
25. Homorus, Peichenb 85 
1. lopbpte^, Peichenb 85 
SrSuttuialis, 
(VOrb. et 
^•Lafrrt 86 

3. cristate, Spix 86 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 
X1U 

•ago
20. 
Automolus, Reichcnb 
87 

1. feiTiiginoleutus, Mav . 86 
2. liolostictus, Scl. et Sah. 
80 

3. rufo-brunin'us, Lawr. . 
89 

4. iguobilis, Scl. et Salo... 89 
5. striaticeps, Tsch 90 
6. subulatus, Spiv 90 
0 7. rubigino&iis, Scl 91 
8.*rLMttC§7M." 91 
91 
92 

^- SSffli!^^^^^ 

10. ocEroISiniw, Tsch 
93 

11. turdinus, Pek 
93 

12. melanopezus, Scl 
13. albigularis, Salo. et 
93 

Godm 

94 

14. pallidigularis, Lawr. , . 
94 

15. dor»ah\ Scl.et Sal v. . . 
1 10. leucopbtlialnius, Ma v. 95 
95 

17. Sdicturi, Pch 
96 

27. 
Pbilydor, Spit' 
96 

1- atjifiaiallus> Max 

97 

2. rufus, Vieill 
3. coTonibianus, Cab. et 
98 

iTcm 

98 

4. erytbropterus, Scl 
98 

5. consobnnus, Scl 
99 

0. pyrrhodgs, Cab 
99 

7. foscrpeums, Salv 
8. erytnronotus, Scl. et 
99 

Salv 

100 

9. panerythrus, Scl 
10. ruHcaudatus, Lafr. et 
100 

"* iTOrb 

101 

11. subfulvus, Scl 
101 

12. er^toocercuj^ Pe/s. .. 
101 

13. ceiVicalisT&c/ 
102 

28. Thripadectes, Scl. 
102 

1. flammulatus, JSyton .. 
103 

2. scrutator, "taca 
103 

3. virgaticeps, Lawr 
103 

29. Ancistrops, Scl 
103 

1. strigilatiis? Spix 
104 

30. HeEobletusJ Reichenb. .. 
104 

1. superciliosus, Licht. .. 
105 

31. 
AuaEaSenops, Lafr 
105 

1. rufo-superciliatus,i«/r 
106 

2. oleagineus, Scl 
106 

3. variegaticeps, Scl. 
107 

4. temporalis, 'Scl , 
107 

5. alnfetis, Temm 
108 

6. striaticollis, Scl , 
108 

7.'iahaljsa:is,^ 

109 

8. guttulatus, Scl 
110 

32. Xenops, III., 
110 

1. gonibarbiSjJT^ 
111 

2. fuffluSj Licht 
Vi fro 

33. 
AnabatoidoH, linrm 112 
l.fuacus, Vieill 112 
Subfnm. IV. SCLKHUIUN.13. 

34. 
Hchvmm.Sw 113 
1. umbrottaj Licht 114 
2. albi^ulans, Sw J14 
3. mexicaiius, Scl J15 
4. caudacuttw, Vieill. .. J10 
5. TTrTmneu^ Scl 11(5 
6. miaiemaleusi^ Ilarll.. 117 
Subfam. V. DENDROCOLAPTWiB. 

35. Sittosomua, Sw 118 
1. erithacus, Licht 119 
2.*olivaceuH7 Max 119 
3. slictoluomus, Pdz 120 
30. Margai'ornib, lie ichenh. .. 121 
1. bquamigera, d'Orb. et 
Lafr 121 
2. perlataA Less 121 
3. sTellata, Scl et Salv. .. 122 
4. rubiginosa, Laior 122 
5. ,prutfnescens, Scl. .... 123 
0. gv^kS^'Lawr 123 
37. Glyphorliynclius, Mcuv... 124 
1. cuneatiis, Licht 124 
38. 
Pygarrbicus, JBurm. .... 126 
l.albigalang;, King 126 
39. DenHrofnis, Mijton 127 
1. guttata, Licht 128 
2. guttatoides, Lafr 128 
3. ro^ripallons,I)e$ifcfwr«. 120 
L7ytorn, Set .t 129 
5. eDumeirqstri\Z<'««. .. 130 
6. nientalxa/Zirtfl/* 131 
7. eiythropygia, Scl. .... 131 
8. triangularis, Lafr 132 
9. te^uigjai Lawr 133 
10. siwurrariSj Jard 133 
11. pardalotus, Vieill 134 
12. 
polysticta, Salv. et 
Godm 135 
13. ocellata, Spiv 136 
- 14. elegana, Pek 137 
15. sgixi, Less 137 
16. niultfguttata, Lafr. .. 138 
40. Dendroplex, Sw 138 
1. picus, GmeL 138 
2, piclrostris, Lafr. .... 139 
41. Dendrexetastes, Byion .. 140 
1. temmincki, Lafr 140 
2. devillii, Lafr 141 
42. llylexetastes, Scl 141 
1. perroti, Lafr 141 
SYSTEM VTIO IN DUX. 

Pajre 

43. 
Xiphocolaptes, Less 142 
l.albicollis, Vieill. 142 
2/aclateri, Ridgw.143 
3. 
promeropirhyncUus, 
""* Zess." 144 
4. emigrans, Scl. et Salv. . 145 
5. niajor, Vieill.145 
44. Picolaptes, Less 14(3 
1. leucog aster, Sic 147 
2. scjuamatus, IJcht 147 
3. f alciuelhis, Cab. et Hein. 148 
4. lacrymfger, Lafr 14S 
5. wMQevieyA^Cal.etllrui. 149 
6.jiffmia> Lafr 149 
7. parvirobtiis, Scl 150 
8. pimcticeps, Scl. et Halo. 151 
9. tenuirostris, Licht 151 
10. alBolineatus, Lafr. .. 152 
11. gouleyetijjDtfs Murs .. 152 
12. compressus, Cab 153 
13. grsLcSS^Iiidffw 154 
14. fuscicapillus, Pek. . . . 154 
15. layardi, Scl 155 
10. angustirostris, Vieill... 155 
17."bivittatus; Lie/it 155 
45. 
NaScaJ" Zess 15(5 
1. longirostria, Vieill.15(1 
46. 
Drymornis, Eyton 157 
l.'bricjgesi, ttyton 157 
47. XipTTorhyncliiH, Sir. . .. 158 
1. procurvus, Te?nm. . . . 15cS 
2. tfocliilijostl'is, L:cht. . . 159 
3. laf resnayanus, d? Orb... 100 
4. pusillus, Scl 160 
0. pucEeiani, Lafr 101 
48. 
DehcTro&incla, Gray .... 162 
1. anabatic? $C>1 1^~ 
2. Eomockroa, Sol. 103 
3. ruficeps, Sel. et Salv.. . 164 
4. tyrannina, Lafr 164 
5. longicauda, Pelz 165 
0. fuliginosa, Vieill. .... 105 
7. oliyaceaif Lawr 100 
8.t^mSfZio/it 167 
9. merula^ IAcht 168 
10. meJuloides, Lafr 168 
49. 
DenHxocblaptes, Ilerm. .. 169 
1. picuranus, Licht 170 
2. puricllcollis, Sel et Salv. 171 
3. palleseens, Pelz 171 
4. validus, Tsch 172 
5. plagosus, Salv. et Godm. 172 
6. certhia, Bodd. 173 
7. concolor, Pelz 174 
8. radiolatus, Scl. et Salv. 174 
9. Sa^sJiTK^Snfet Zfffr. .. 174 
Fam. II. FOIIMICAEIIDJE. 

ttubfam. I. THAMNOPHILINJE. 

Page 

1. Cymbilamus, Gray 178 
1. lineatjUB, Vieill. 178 
2. Batara, Less 179 
1. cinerea, Vieill.179 
3. Tliainnophilus, Vieill.180 
1. leachi, Such 181 
2. un&uliger, Pelz lb"2 
3. oiittatus, Vieill.182 
4. se\erus, Licht 183 
5. fiiliginosus, Gould.... 183 
0. melanocrisaus, Scl..... 184 
7. transjjjidsgfius, Scl. 185 
8. ToMkniiTiis^Gotdd 185 
9. Borbce, Pek 180 
I) 10. major, Vieill.180 
11. roMgi, Berl ^ 
12. leucouotus, Spix 188 
]:]. immaculaliis, Lafr. .. Ibi) 
14. ©thiops, Sel. . .*. 190 
15. luctuosu^, Licht 190 
10. tschudii, Pek 191 
17. melanochrous, Scl. et 
"TS7».: 191 
18. punctate Cab 191 
19. plumbeus, Scl 193 
20. ciiiereo-niger, Pelz 193 
21. nigro-cinereus, Scl 194 
22. bridged, Sel 194 
23. nigriceps, Scl. 194 
24. stellaria, Spix 195 
2^. tristis, Scl. et Salv 195 
26. mvcrmus^Pelz 195 
27. capitalist Scl. 196 
28. simplex, Scl 197 
. 29. nsevius, Gmel 197 
30. cinereinuclia, Pek 198 
31. amazonicus, Scl 199 
32. insignia, Salv. et Godm. 199 
33. caerulescens, Vieill. .. 200 
34. mTculaTus, d'Orb. et 
^Zafr 201 
35. cinereiceps, Pelz 201 
30. ambiguus, Sw 201 
37. cirrliatus, Gmel 202 
SB. c\j^£\\i%; Max 203 
39. pulchellus; Cab. et 
'Hem. 204 
40. albinuchalis, Scl 204 
41. loreto-yacuensis, Bartl. 205 
42.jmelanonotus. Sol 205 
43. 
aspersTvenfris, Lafr. et 
d'Orb 200 
SVSXK.MATrc INDEX. 

44. dolialu*, Linn 207 
45. nigricristatus, Lawr. .. 200 
46. capistratus, Lafr 200 
47. radiatus, Vieill 210 
48. SKcaiis, ifl/r 210 
49. tenuipiinctatus, X«/>... 2J1 
50. multistriatus, Lafr. ,. 211 
51. palliatus, Licht 212 
52. pSncSceps, Scl. 212 
63, torquatus, Sw. ...... 213 
54. ruficapitks, Vieill 213 
55. subfasciatus, Sol. et 
Salv 214 
4. Biatas, Cab. et Mem 214 
1. nigropectus, Lap- 215 
5. Thamnistes, Scl. ei Sal v... 215 
1. anabatinus, Scl et Salv. 210 
2, seguatorialis, Sal 210 
6. Pygoptila, Scl 217 
1. maculipennis, Sal
0. hammtonota, Scl 235 
10. pyrrhonota, Sd,efSafv. 230 
11. erythrura, Scl 23(5 
12. qrnata, Scl 23(5 
13. erytlironota, Marti, .. 237 
14. liauxwelli, Scl. 237 
15. axillaris, Vieill. 238 
10. iMmhScl. 239 
17- mstogaattt), Sjn'x ,. 240 
18. menetriesi, d'Orb 240 
19. longipenriis, Pelz 241 
20. breyicauja, Sw 242 
21. urosticto, Scl. 242 
22. inornata, Berl 243 
23. unieolor, Mindr 243 
24. cinereiventria, Sd. et 
" Salv 244 
12. Ilerpsilochmus, Cab 244 
1. pileatus, Licht 245 
2. btricturus, Salv 245 
3. dorsimaeul itua, Pelz... 240 
4. longirostris, Pelz 240 
5. atricapilla, Pelz 246 
6. pectoralis, Scl 247 
7. rufimarginatus, Temm. 247 
8. frater, Scl et Salv 248 
13. Fonnicivora, Sw 248 
1. grisea, Bodd 249 
2. intermedia, Cab 250 
3. ruiatraj Lafr, et d'Orb. 250 
4.*stn|ilata, Max 251 
5. speciosa, Salv 251 
0. ferruginea, Licht 252 
7. striata,-£^> 252 
8. caudata, Scl 253 
9. gensei, t)e Filippi .... 253 
10. malura; Temm 254 
11. squamata, Licht 254 
12. Woumff} ScL 254 
13. £oiisobrma, Scl 255 
14. quixeiisis, Tor?? 250 
15. bicolor, Pelz 250 
14. Terenura, Cab. et Mein. ,. 257 
1. maciilata, Max 257 
2. callinota, Scl 257 
3. humeral ifl, Scl. et Salv. 258 
4. spcdioptila, ScL et Salv. 258 
15. Psilorhamphus, Scl 259 
1. guttatus, Minitr 259 
16. Rhamphoceenus, Vieill. .. 260 
1. melanurus, Vieill. .... 200 
2. albiventris, Scl 201 
0 3. rufiven^rlSr Bonap. .. 201 
4. cmereiventris, Scl 262 
5. semi torquatus, Lawr.., 262 
6/fifcrws:." m 
0 2. margaritata, Scl
7. Neoctantes, Scl
1. niger, Pelz
8. Olytoctantes, Elliot
1. alixi, Elliot
9. Dysithaninus, Cab
1. guttiilatus, Licht
2. mentalis, Temm
3. semicinereus, Scl
4. olivaceus, Tsch
5. spodionotus, Salv.
Godm

6. xanthopterin, Burm...
7. puncticeps, Salv
8. striaticeps, Lawr
9. leucostictus, Scl
10. schistaceus, d'Orb11, q^desi&cuqh Scl. et Salv.
T& vmsflSto Scl.
13,. plumbeus, Max
14. subplumbeiis. ScL et 
Salv
10. Thamnonianes, Cab 
217 
217 
218 
218 
219 
219 
219 
220 
221 
221 
222 

 222 
223 
223 
223 
224 
224 
225 

2L25 

 £20 

 226 
220 

1. c#aup,iw^ 227 
2. glaucus, Cab 227 
Subfam. II. FOEMICARIINJE. 
....

 et 

11. Myrmotherula, Scl
1. pygmsea, Gmel.
2. surinamensis, Gmel ..
3. guttata, Vieill.
4. gularis, Spix
5. gutturalis, Sol et Salv.
6. fulviventris, Lawr
7. spodionota, Scl. et Salv.
8. atrognlnris, Taca 
229 
230 
231 
232 
233 
233 
234 
234 
235 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page Pago 

17. Oercomacra, Sd 2(53 14. naevia, Gmel 291 

1. c^rulosc^us, VieilL .. 204 15. theresae, Des Murs .. 292 

5 2, cmerascens, Scl 204 10. nosvioides, Lafr 293 

3. lia'pensis, Scl 205 17. stellata, Scl. et Salv. . . 293 

4. tjx,inninaa Sd 205 24. Pithys, Vieill 294 

5. approximans, Pelz 260 1. albifrons, Gmel....... 294 


0. nigricans, Sol. 207 2. leiicaspis, Scl 295 

7. cafbflfffana, Scl et Salv. 2(37 S.^mMFpZ<iwr 296 

8. maculicaudis, Sd 208 4. limulata, Scl et Salv... 296 

9. melauaria, Menetr 268 25. Gymnopithys, Bonap. . . 290 

10. hypomelo3iia, Sd 208 Ljaggah^Bodd 297 

18. Pyriglena, Cab 209 2. melanosticta, Scl. et 

1. leueopteri, VieilL .... 219 Salv 297 
2. atra, Sio 270 3. gymnops, ffidyw 297 
3. pioea. Cab 270 20. Rhopoterpe, Cab. 298 
L&enrfyScl 271 1. torquata, Bodd. 298 

19. Gyninociclila, Sd 271 27. Plilogopsis, Scl. 299 
]. nudieeps, Cass. 272 1. nigromaculata, Lafr. et 

2.*cHr^uca7«. et Salv. 272 d'Orb 299 

20. Percnoatola, Cab. et ffem. 272 2. bowniani, Ridgw.300 

1. funebris, Licht 273 3. inacleaunani, Lawr. .. 300 

2. minor, Pelz 274 4. trivittata, Scl 300 

3. fortis, Scl et Salv 274 5. erythroptera, Gould .. 301 

21. Heterocnemis, Sd. 274 28. Formicarius, Bodd 301 

1. rm\ ia, Gmel 275 1. colma, Gmel 302 

2. leucostigma, Pelz 276 2. nigrifrons, Gould .... 303 

3. saturata, Salv 270 (\ 3. moniliger, Scl 303 

4. argentata, Des Murs.. 277 4. hoffmanni, Cab 304 

22. Myrmeciza, Gray 277 5. analis, Lafr. et d'Orb. 304 

1. longipes, Vieill 278 6. cris&alis, Cab 305 

2. boucar&i, Bed 279 7. rufipectus, Salv 306 

3. exsul, Sd 279 

Subfam. III. GBALLABIIN^3. 

4. iiapaaculata, Scl. et 
Salv 279 29. Chaineeza, Vig 300 

5. leemosticta, Salv 280 l.xbrevicauda, Vieill 307 

6. tignarnomea, Gmel .. 280 2. olivacea, Tsch 307 

7. rancauda, Max 281 3. fulvescens, Salv. et 

8. squamosa, Pelz 281 Godm 308 

9. lorieata, Licht 282 4. nobilis, Gould 308 

10. atrothorax, Bodd 282 5. molli&sima, Scl 309 

11. pelzelni, Scl. 283 30. Pittasoma, Cass 309 

12. neminielasna, Sd 283 1. michleri, Cass 309 

23. Hypocnemis, Cab 284 2. zeledoni, llidqw 310 

1. cantatoi> Bodd 285 31. TliamEOcbaris, Scl 310 

2. flavescens, Scl 280 1. dignissima, #c/. et Salv. 310 

3. hypoxanthaj Scl. ... . 286 32. Grallaria, Vieill 311 

4. pcBcilcmota, Cuv 286 1. squamigera, Prev 312 

5. fepidonota, Sd. et Salv. 287 2. giganiea, Lawr 312 

6. schistacea, Scl 287 3. mexicana, Scl 313 

7. leucophr^s, Tsch 288 4. guatemalensis, Prev... 313 

8. myioilierina, Spiv.... 288 5. princeps, Scl et Salv... 314 

9. luguBiis, Cab. et Hem 289 6. regulus, Sd 314 

10. melanura, Sd. et Salv. 290 7. liaplonota, Scl ...... 315 

11. melanopogon, Scl e .. . 290 8. yaria, Bodd 315 

12. Diaculicauda, Pelz 291 9. imjerator, Lafr 316 

13. hemileuca, Sd. et Salv. 291 , 10. nuchalfs, Scl 317 

SYRTKMVTTO TNDKX. 

xvii 

11. ruficopa, Sd 317 
"12. rufocinerea, /Sol. et Sab. 317 
13. uionticola, Lafr 317 
14. flavotincta, Sol 31rt 

15. erythroleuca, *SW 318 

16. erythrotis, Scl et Salt). 310 

17. hypoleuca, Scl 319 

18. 
griseonucha. Sd. et 
Sab 310 I 

10. rufula, Lafr 310 

20. ruficapilla, Lafr 320 

21. nigro-lineala/ifrr/. .. 321 

22. albiioris, Tacz 321 

23. bvevicauda, Bodd 3,21 I 

24. simplex, Salt: et Godm. 322 

25. modehta, Scl 322 
2t>. andicola, Cab 3,23, i 

27. fulvivenlrih, 3d 323 

28. dives, Hah 323 

20. macularia, Temm 324 

30. ochroleuca, Max 324 

31. perspicillata, Lawr. .. 325 

33. 
Grallaricula, Scl 325 

1. flavirostris, 3d. 32C> 

2. ferrugineipectus, Sd,.. 32(5 

3. nana, Lafr 327 

4. loricata, "Scl 327 

o. cucullata, Scl 327 

Fam. III. 0oNopopiiAGID JK. 
Conopopliafra, Tieilh .... 330 

1. aurita, Gmel 330 

2. nielaiiog'astra^ Mhietr.. 331 

3. peruviana, Den Mttrs.. 331 

4. ardesiaea, Lafr. et 

* cTOri: 332 

5. castaneiceps, Sd. .... 332 
(>. lin9ata,,J/ff.r 333 

7. dorsalis, Minctr 333 

Vnge 

8. melanops, VidlL ... 334 

0. m^ri<>vu\\H> Lm 331 

2. 
(loryUiopis, Suml ...... 335 
J, calcavata, Max 335 

2. anthoides, Cttv 335 

Fam. IV. 1* T K BOP T O V U I D -K 

1. 
Scytalopus, Gould 337 
l.'iua^ella.uicuH, Gmel .. 338 

2. apehmcro, Meneir 330 
3. mmlis, Lafr 340 
4. obscuruH. Kim/ 310 
5. pisceicollis, Lafr 340 
(>. syhestnM, Tacz. 341 
7. indig'oticus, Max 341 
S, .suporciliaris, Cah 342 
0. aunlis, fjifr 342 

2. 
Mw-ulaxis, Less 343 

1. rhinolophus, Max 343 

3. Liosceles, Sd 344 

1. tlioi acicus, Sd 344 

2. erithacu*, Scl 345 

4. 
PteroptochuH, Kittl 345 
l.rubecula, Kiftl 345 

2. albicollis, KM 340 

5. 
Ilhinocrypta, Gray 347 

1. laueeolata, Geoff): et 
(TOrh ' 347 

2. fuaca, Scl et Salv 348 

G. Ilylactes, Iu')iy 348 

1. laraii, King 340 

2. 
dastaneus,' Phil et 
Laadh.. 340 

3. megapodius, Kittl .. 340 

7. 
Acropternis, Cab, et Rein, 350 

1. :QrllicmyX; Lafr 351 

8. Triptorliimis, Cah 351 

1. paradoxus, Kittl 351 

CORRIGENDA. 

Page 79, lines 6 and 8 from bottom, for "frontalis" read " ritffronsj' 
„ 81, line 18 from bottom, for "frontalis" read " i-nftfrons" 
„ 87, Hnes 17 and 19 from top, for "sulpkurascens" read "leucopkthalmus." 
„ 96, line 2 from top,,for " surerciliaris " read i( atricapillus." 
,, 96, line 17 from bottom, for " Phylidor " read " Philydor." 
„ 118, line 9 from top, for " 119 " read " 118." 
„ 136, line 12 from bottom, after " Amazonia" add "and Colombia." 
., 163, line 22 from top, omit" Samayoa," whicli is the name of the Collector. 

0ATALOGUE 

OF 

JL> 1 rt JJ IS. 

Order II. PASSERIFORMES 

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). 

Suborder I. PASSERES 

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1). 

Division II. MESOMYODI 
(Cat, B. vol. xiv.p. 1). 

Subdivision II. TRACHEOPIIONiE 
(Cat. B. vol, xiv. p. 1). 

The Traclieophonce are Passcres in which, contrary to what occurs 
in the normal members of this group, the lower end of the trachea 
is specially modified in order to form an organ of voice, and the 
bronchi are not involved in the arrangement at all. 

This peculiar structure was described by the great anatomist 
Johannes Midler, by whom it was first discovered, as follows:— 

" The lower end of the trachea is flattened anteriorly and posteriorly 
; its walls are thin and membranous and contain extremely 
fine anterior and posterior half-rings, which are fastened at tbe sides 
by long elastic bands. The position of these half-rings is altered by 
the muscles attached to their sides. In all these birds the cartilaginous 
pessulus in the furcation of the trachea is wanting, and is 

VOL. XV. 

DENDU0COLA.PTIDJE. 

replaced by a tendinous strap. The membrana tympaniformis passes 
over from one bronchus to the other. The bronchi contain half-rings 
only. The membranous wall of the voice-organ consists of IAVO thin 
transparent membranes, of which the inner one is the mucous 
membrane." l' 

The forms that possess this abnormal structure of the voice-organs, 
so far as they aro at present known to us, are entirely confined to 
the Neotropical Eegion. 

Scheme of Tratheopho?iine Passeres. 

Pour families of the Tracheophonine Passeres are now generally 
recognized, which, after separating the two families with abnormal 
formation of the sternum, may be shortly distinguished, as shown by 
Sundovall (' Mcthodi Naturalis avium disponendarum Tentamen'), 
by the structure of their tarsal scutes. 

A. 
Sternum with one pair of posterior 
notches. 
a. Tarsus endaspirlean 1. Bendrocolapti&se, p. 2. 
b. Tarsus taxaspidean 2. Eormicariidse, p. 176. 
B. 
Sternum with two pairs of posterior 
notches. 
c. Tarsus exaspidean 3. Conopophagidaef, p. 329. 
d. Tarsus taxaspidean 4. Pteroptochidse, p. 337. 
Family I. DENDROCOLAPTIDiE. 

As green in various shades is the usual colour of the Tyrannkloe, 
so brown of different tints is the prevailing colour of the great Neotropical 
family Dendrocolajjtidce, and in a large proportion of the 
species it will bo found that the tail is of a uniform chestnut or ferruginous. 
All the Dendrocolaptidce are of small, or, at any rate, of 
moderate size, the largest of them being perhaps the members of the 
genus Xiphocolaptes, which, however, do not much exceed 10 inches 
in length of body, and the smallest being found among the Si/nallaxince. 
Though doubtless of one original stock, these birds have 
arrived, after long ages of slight variations, at very various states of 
external structure and corresponding habits. In their spiny tails 
and sharpened claws the typical Dendrocolaptince have assumed the 
outward character of the Tree-Creepers (Certhia), and pass their 
lives much in the same way, clasped to the boles and branches of 
the larger trees, where they seek their food. The Oven-birds and 
their allies have diverged in another direction, and are eminently 

* See ' TJeber diebisher unbeiannten typisehen Versohieclenheiten der Stimrnorgane 
der Passerinen,' von J. Muller. Berlin, 1847. 
t Of. Forbes, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 435. 

PURVART1N-K. 

a 

terrestrial and ambulatorial in their habits and inhabit open spaces. 
Some of the BynaUaxinm, again (Phlwocryptes), maintain their existence 
in reed-beds, whilst others keep to the densest jungles of the 
tropical forests. Nor do these birds confine themselves, by any 
means, to one altitude above the sea-level. Some of the genera 
(Upucerthia) are mostly met with at the highest limits of bird-life 
among the Andes, whilst others ^Oinclochs and Henicomis) pass 
their lives principally among the seaweed on the barren shores of 
Patagonia. 

The Dendrocolaptidte may he roughly defined as Tracheophonine 
Passeres with an ondaspidoan tarsus. The form of the bill is 
generally of the dentirostral type. 

The area over which they are spread in the New World o »cupies 
the whole Neotropical Region except the Antillean Subregion. According 
to the arrangement adopted in this volume, about 273 species 
of this family are recognizable, divisible into 49 genera. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

A. 
Stems of the rectrices soft or not 
strongly spiny; outer toe free. 
a. Tarsi more or less lengthened, 
gressorial ; I. FURNARIINJS, p. 3. 
b. Tarsi shorter, insessorial. 
a\ Beak short, sylviine; tail long. II. SYNALLAXINM, p. 29. 
b'. Beak longer, laniine; tail short III. PHILYLOBINJE^. 74. 
B. 
Stems of the rectrices spiny; outer 
toe more or less connected with 
middle toe. 
c. Tarsi long; feet gressorial IV. SCLEMURINM, p. 113. 
d. Tarsi short: feet scansorial ... . V. DENDR0C0LAPTIN2E, 
[p. 117. 
Subfamily I. FURNARIINiE. 

In this Subfamily are included the more terrestrial genera of the 
soft-tailed Dendrocolctptidas, which are readily known by their long 
tarsi and strong feet adapted to ambulatorial action. The u Ovenbirds," 
as they may be called from the appropriate name of the 
typical genus, are mostly builders of elaborate nests. 

The Fumariince are restricted to South America south of Panama, 
and are specially characteristic of the Patagonian Subregion. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Tail shorter. 
a. Bill short, straight 
1. GEOBATES, p. 4. 
b. Bill longer, more or less incurved 2. GEOSITTA, p. 5. 
B. Tail longer. 
c. Rectrices quite soft. 
a'. Tarsal scutes obsolete 3. FITRNAREUS, p. 10. 
B 2 

 DENDKOCOLAPTIDiE. 

b\ Tarsal scutes divided. 
I Bill longer, more incurved ... . 4. UPUCEUTIIIA, p. 10. 
-! Bill shorter, less incurved ... . 5. CINCLODES, p. 21. 
( Bill quite straight 6. HENICOBNIS, p. 20. 

d. 
Eectrices slightly spiny. 
j Tail long; tarsal scutes divided. . 7. CLIBANOUNIS, p. 27, 
j Tail short; tarsal scutes united.. 8. LOCHMIAS, p. 28. 
1. GEOBATES. 
Type. 
Geobates, 8io. An. in Men. p. 322 (1838) G. poecilopterus. 

The short tail and short beak are the chief structural characters 
of this genus. The secondaries are much lengthened and nearly as 
long as the primaries, and give it a Lark-like appearance. 

The form is peculiar to the campos of S.E. Brazil. 

Under surface of left wing of Geobates poecilopterus. 

1. Geobates peecilopteras. 
Anthus poecilopterus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 633 (1830). 
Geobates poecilopterus, Scl. P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 205, pi. xxi.; Tclz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 35; Scl. et 8ah\ Nomencl. p. 61; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. 

p. 332. 
Geobates brevicauda, Sw. An. in Men. p. 322 (1838); Cab. Mns. 
Hein. ii. p. 22 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 215; Beiolienb. Randb. p. 215. 
Geositta brevicauda, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 134. 
Anthus fuscus, Btirm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 120. 

Above brown; lores and sides of head whitish; superciliaries 
pale fulvous ; rump more rufous; remiges bright rufous, the primaries 
tipped and banded with blackish, secondaries with a broad 
subapical blackish band; coverts and outer secondaries like the 
back; tail bright rufous, with a broad, blackish, subapical band: 
beneath fulvous; throat white; breast minutely freckled with 
brown; flanks ferruginous; under wing-coverts ferruginous red, 

2. UIiIOSTTTA.
with clear white tips ; bill brown, bcnoatli paler; foot hazel; whole 

length 4-o inches, wing 2-9, tail !*(>. Female similar. 
Jlab. Interior of S.E. Brazil. 
The short tail and beautifully spotted under wing-coverts are the 

distinguishing features of this peculiar bird. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. S ad. sk.
t\ Ad. sk. 
Sao Domingo, S.E.
{Natlerer, 18. 0. 23 
S.E. Brazil 
Brazil). 
Sclator Coll. 
Jardino Coll. 
(I, e. Ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Gros(if. II Smith). 
so, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. G-EOSITTA*. 
Type. 
Geotoitta, Siv, Class. B. ii. p. 317 (1837) G. cuuieularia. 
Geobamon, Burm. J.f. 0. viii. p. 249 (1800) G. rufipennis. 
This genus consists of eight species, mostly peculiar to the Pata


gonian Subregion, but extending some way northwards along the 
line of the Andes like many other Patagonian forms. They are 
terrestrial and rather Saxicoline in their habits. They vary much 
in the length and shape of their bills, but are of a generally uniform 
brown plumage. 

Key to the Species, 

A. 
Bill shorter than the head, nearly straight or but 
slightly incurved. 
a. Breast striated. 
(Breast strongly striated 1. cunicuhria^ p. 5. 
(Breast slightly striated 2. frobeni, p. 0. 
b. Breast not striated. 
a'. Inner webs of remiges ferruginous. 
a". Larger: wing 4 inches or more. 
J Bump white 3. isc&ellina, p, 7. 
f Rump uniform 4. rujipennis, p. 7. 

b". Smaller: wing 3 inches 5. pemvimia, p. 8. 
b'. Inner webs of remiges not ferruginous 6. stwkolma, p. 8. 

B. Bill longer than the head, both mandibles incurved. 
\ Bill compressed, longer 7. tenuirostm, p. 9. 
j Bill widened, shorter 8. crassirostris$.10. 
1. G-eositta cuiricTLlaria, 
Alauda cunicularia, Vieill Nbuv. Diet. i. p. 3G9; id. Enc. M&th. 
p. 323. 
Certhilaucla maritima, cVOrb. et Lafr. Sjn. AT. i. p. 72; d'Orb, Voy. 
Ois. p. 360, t. 44. fig. 1. G-eositta maritima, Bp. Consp. i. p. 216 ; 
Tacz. Ora. Per. ii. p, 101 (Peru). 

IJEINDROCOIAFTIDJS. 

Certhilauda cuniculaiia, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. 1. p. 71; d'Orb. Foy. 
Ois. p. 358, pi. 43. f. 1; Phil, et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, pt. i. 

p. 50; Gay, Faun. Chil., Aves, p. 280. 
Geositta anthoides, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 323. 
Geositta cunicularia, Bp. Consp. i. p. 215; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. 
ii. p. 22 j Burm. J.f. 0. I860, p. 249 (Buenos Ayres); Scl. Cat 
A. B. p. 146; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 323 (Chili); Scl et Salv.P. Z. S. 
1868, p. 140 (Buenos Ayres), et 1879, p. 619 (Bolivia); iid. Ibis, 
1870, p. 499 (Strs. of Magellan); iid. Nomencl. p. 63 ; Sternberg, 
J.f. 0. 1809, p. 264 (Buenos Ayres) ; Taiz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 524 
(C. Peru); Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178 (Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 395 
(C. Patagonia) ; 'Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 13 (Buenos Ayres), et 1685, 
p. 280 (Uruguay) ; Sharpe, P. Z S. 1881, p. 8 (Coquimbo) j Sal v. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424 (Peru) ; id. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 332. 
Alauda fiwo&tns, Kittl Mem. Acad. St. Peter^b. ii. p. 468, t. iii. 
(1885;. 
Certhilauda niffro-fasciata, 
Lafr. Mag. de ZooL 1836, Ois. p. 6 (cf. 
Scl P. Z. S. 1867, p. 324); * Gay, Faun. Chil, Aves, p. 287. 

Above earthy brown; superciliary stripe and broad margins of 
wing-coverts and secondaries fulvous; remiges bright ferruginous, 
with a broad subapical band across the secondaries and the ends of 
the outer primaries blackish ; tail at base pale fulvous, tinged with 
ferruginous, apical half blackish with narrow edgings of fulvous : 
beneath dirty white ; breast with blackish shaft-spots ; bill and feet 
black, base of lower mandible carneous : whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 2, bill from gape 0-7. Female similar. 

Hab. Argentina, Uruguay, Patagonia, and Chili. 

a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk.
c. ^ ad. sk. 
Maldonado, Uruguay. 
Maldonado, Uruguay. 
Conchitas, Buenos Ayres(Hudson). 
O. Darwin [C.]. 
Burnett & Fitzroy [P.]. 
Sclater Ooll. 
d. 2 ad. sk. ConcliitaSj Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. cS ad. sk.
f,9>6 ?ad. sk.
'h, i. S ad. sk.
j . Ad. st.
k,l (S',m. 2ad. sk.
(Hudson). 
San Martin, Buenos Ayres. 
Coquimbo, Chili (Marhham). 
Coquimbo, Chili. 
Valparaiso. 
Prov. Santiago, Chili (Leybold), 
H. JDurnford [CI. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Br. Ooppinger [C I 
Burnett & Fitzroy [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. <$ ad. sk. Prov. Santiago, Chili {Leybold), 
P. L. Sclater [P.]. 
o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk. 
Chili (James) 
Chili. 
Sclater Coll. 
Lord B\ron [P.]. 
q. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater "Coll. 

2. G-eositta frobeni. 
Geositta cunicularia, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. ^67 , p. 985, et 1868, 

p. 569 (W. Peru); Scl P. Z. S. 1886, p. 398 (Tarapaca). 
Certhilauda frobeni, Philet Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1805, pt. i. p. 62. 
Geositta cunicularia juninemsis, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii p. 93. 
Similar to G, cimiadarw, but paler, with a pale lulrous rump 

2 . GEOSITTA. 
and the pectoral spots almost obsolete ; outer tail-fcathera white at 
the base. 
Hah. Peru. 

a, h. $ $ ad. sk. Tarapaea, Peru (Haymer). Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. May, S.W. Peru (Whitelg), Salvin-Godman Coll 
d. S 
ad. sk. Junin, Central Peru (Jekki). Sclater Coll, 
(6r. cimiculanajiminen&is, Tacz.) 
e. J ad. sk. Jvmin, Peru (Jehki). Salvin-Uodman Coll. 
/ . ? jr. sk. S.W. Peru (Whitehj). Tweeddalo Coll. 
3. Geositta isabellina. 
CertMlauda isabellina, Ph. et Lindh. Wieom, Arch. 1865. pt. i. p. 03 
(Chili). 
Geositta isabellina, Scl. P Z. S. 1807, p. 323 (Chili); Scl et Sale. 
Nomencl. p. 01. 

Above sandy brown; rump milky white; remiges ferruginous 
red, with a broad subapioal band across the secondaries and the 
outer webs and tips of the outer primaries blackish; tail clear fulvous 
white, apical portion black: beneath pale isabelline, darker on 
the tbroat and breast, whiter on the belly ; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of wing-feathers pale buff; bill and feet black: 
whole length 7*3 inches, wing 4*7, tail 2*5, bill from gape 1. 
Female similar. 

Hah. Chili. 

This is a fine and distinct species, recognizable from the preceding 

by its larger size and unspotted breast. 

a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Cord, de Santiago, Chili (Landbech). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimens.) 

4. Geositta rufipeimis. 
Geobamonrufipennis, Burm. J.f, 0.1860, p. 249 (Parana); .id. Za~ 

Plata Reise^ii. p. 465; Sol, et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 100. 

Geositta rufipennis, Giebel, Zeitsch. ges. Naturw. xxxi. p. 17 (1808). 

Geobamon fasciata, Phil et Landb. JViegm. Arch. 1805, pt. i p. 08. 

Geositta fasciata, Scl. P. Z. S.1807, p. 323 (Chili) ; Scl. et Sah\ 

Nomencl p. 01. 

Above greyish brown, lores and*%istinct superciliary stripe pale 

fulvous; wing-coverts slightly edged with pale fulvous : remiges 

deep ferruginous red, with a broad subapical band acrobs the secon


daries and the outer webs and tips of the inner primaries black; 

two outer primaries wholly blackish; tail deep ferruginous red, with 

a broad black subapical band: beneath pale isabelline, more whitish 

on the throat; bill and feet black : whole length 6*0 inches, wing 

4-1, tail 2-5, bill from gape 0*8. Female similar. 

Ilab. Chili, X. Argentina, and Bolivia. 

m:m) in >co LA PTID JE . 

Through the kindness of the Director of the Halle Museum, 
I have been enabled to compare tho type of Geohamon riifipennis of 
Burmeistcr with authentic examples of G. fascia tec, and to satisfy 
myself of their specific identity. The species is of about the size of 

G. isabellina, but at once recognizable by its shorter and straighter 
bill, distinct superciliaries, and black tail-band. 
a, b. cS J ad. sk. Santiago, Oliili (Zandbeck). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimens of G, fasciafa.) 

c. $ ad. sk. Santiago, Chili (Heed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chili {Jieed). Halvin-Godmau Coll. 
e. (5 ad. sk. Pampas of Argentine Republic Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Zeybold). 
f. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [CI. 
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [O.j. 

5. Greositta peruviana. 
Geositta peruviana, Zafr. JRev. Zool. 1847, p. 75; Scl. P. Z. S. 1866, 

p. 98 (Lima) j Scl. k Sal v. Komencl. p. 61; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 524 (C. Peru), 1879, p. 230 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii, p. 100. 
Above brownish cinereous, superciliaries and margins of wings 
pale fulvous; remiges ferruginous, with a broad black subapical 
band across the secondaries and inner primaries; the whole of the 
two outer primaries and tips of the adjacent primaries blackish; tail 
black, outer webs of external pair of rectrices white, and of next 
two pairs fulvous; middle pair like the back : beneath dirty white, 
clearer on the throat and middle of tho belly ; bill and feet blackish, 
base of lower mandible pale: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*9, 
tail 1*9, bill from gape 0*7. 

Ilab. Western Peru. 
The small dimensions at once distinguish this species from its 
congeners. 

a. 2 ^d. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll. 
G, Geositta saxicolina. 

Geositta saxicolina, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 524 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. 
Per. ii, p. 98. 

Above brownish cinereous; rump white, tinged with ochraceous ; 
superciliaries, sides of head, and margins of wing-coverts and secondaries 
rufescent; wing-feathers blackish ; tail creamy white, broad 
terminal band black, leaving the tips of all the rectrices and the 
outer webs of the outer pair white : beneath white, tinged, especially 
on the breast and flanks, with ochraceous ; bill and feet black: 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 4*1, tail 2-4, bill from gape 0*8. 
Jfab. Central Peru. 

2 . GEOSITTA. <> 
This is a very distinct species, easily known by its white rump 
and the uniform colour of the remiges. 

a. d ad. sk. Junin, Peru (JelsJcl). Sclater Coll. 
* (Authentic specimen.) 
7. Geositta tenuirostris. 
Certhilauda tenuirostris, d'Orb.et Lafr.Sy7i.Av. i. p. 72; cTOrb. 
Toy. Ois. p. 359, t. 43. f. 2. 

Geositta tenuirostris, Burm. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 249 (Buenos Ayres) ; 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 153 (Peru), et 1879, p. 619 (Bolivia) j 
iid. Nomencl. p. 61; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 524 (0. Peru), et 1880, 

p. 20 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 96; White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 609 (rep. Arg.). 
Above sandy brown; lores, eye-region, and supereiliaries reddish 
fulvous ; wing-coverts and outer secondaries blackish, edged with 
pale sandy buff ; rest of secondaries? and inner primaries chestnut-
red, with an irregular subapicajr blackish band; outer primary 
blackish, next three chestnut, edged externally and tipped with 
blackish; tail chestnut-red, with a blackish subapical band, which 

Bill of Geositta tenuirostris. 

becomes obsolete on the outer rectrices; two middle rectrices 
blackish, tipped with fulvous : beneath buify white, throat clear 
white; breast mottled with brown; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers reddish ochraceous ; bill and feet black, 
base of lower mandible carneous: whole length 7*4 inches, wing 
4-5, tail 2-6, bill from gape 1*4. Female similar. 

Hob. Bolivia and Peru. 
The long curved bill at once distinguishes this species from all the 


preceding. 
a. <$ ad. sk.
b. 2 ad.sk.
e. S ad. sk.
d. 5 ad. sk.
e. Ad.sk.
/. Ad. sk. 
Tungasucha, Peru ( Whitely). 
Tinta, Peru (Whitely). 
Tinta, Peru (Whitely). 
Tinta, Peru (Whitely). 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
E.Wilson, Esc^ [P.]. 
T. Bridges [C.J. 

1 0 
DINDKOCOLAPTIDJE. 

8. Geositta crassirostris. (Plate I.) 
Geositta crassirostris, 3d. P. Z. S. 18GC, p. 98 j Scl et Salo. Nomencl. 
p. Gl; TVws. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 95. 
Above blackish, with brownish edgings to the feathers ; supereiliaries 
and sides of the head dirty white; external secondaries 
blackish, broadly edged with greyish white; rest of secondaries and 
inner primaries chestnut, with a broad subapical blackish band; 
outer primaries black, with a large chestnut blotch on the inner web 
of each feather except the outer one; tail chestnut, with a broad 
black subapical band: beneath cinereous white, clearer on the 
throat and middle of the belly; under wing-coverts chestnut: whole 
length 6-5 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*1, bill from gape 1*2. 

Ilab. Western Peru. 
The much widened bill and stout feet at once distinguish this 
species, which ought perhaps to be referred to a different genus. 

a. Imm. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.) 
* 
3. FUBNABIUS*. 
Type. 
Furnarius, Vieill. Analyse, p. 47 (1810) F. rufus. 
Opetiorynckos, Temm, Man. d'Orn. i. p. lxxxiii (1820) . . F. rufus. 
Figulus^ Spix, Av. Bras. I p. 76 (1824) F. rufus. 
Ipnodomus, Gloger, Hand- u. Hilfsb. d. Nat. p. 304 (1842). F. figulus. 

This well-marked genus consists of some eleven or twelve species, 
which are spread over South America from Panama to the Argentine 
Eepublic, but do not extend into Chili and Southern Patagonia. 
They are clad in plumages of clear browns and white, and have 
smooth tarsi with the divisions of the scutes often scarcely apparent. 
The enormous oven-like structures which they erect for nests have 
caused them to be called " Oven-birds " 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Cap of the same colour as the back. 
^ a. Head not crested: larger. 
a'. Upper surface brown. 
j Back earthy brown L rufus, p. 11. 
| Back reddish brownb'. Upper surface chestnutb. Head crested : smaller 
y 
. 
2. aibigularis, p. 11. 
3. Jigulus, p. 12. 
4. eristatus, p. 13. 

* See also:— 
(1) 
"F. tricolor, Bum.,"' Giebel, Zeitseh. ges. Naturw. xxxi. p. 11 
(Bolivia). 
(2) F. longipenniSi Sw. An. in Men. p. 350 (Peru). 
(3) F. recrirostris (Max.): Bp. Conep. i. p. 2U ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. in. 
p. 5. Opefiorynchvs rectirosfrte, Max. Bcitr. iii. p. 679 (Brazil). 
3 . FURNVKIUS. 
11 

B. Cap different in odour from the kick. 
c. Smaller; bill shorter, 
c'. Breast more or lews rulbua. 
a". Back cinnamon-brown. 
a'". Larger j feet white. 
( Cap brown 5. kneopus, p. LI 
< Cap greyish brown (>, agnattts, p. 14. 
( Cap rufous brown 7, a'ssimilis, p. 14. 

b'". Smaller; feet brown 8. minor, p. 14. 
b". Back dark reddish brown 9. torridus, p. 15. 
d'. Breast white 10. pileatus, p. L5. 
<£ Larger j bill longer 11. cmmmomem, p. 15. 

1. Puraarius rufus. 
Fournier de Buenos Ayres, Daub, PL Enl. 739. 
Merops rufus, Orn. S. K. i. p. 4(55, 
Turdus badius, Lkhb. Doubl. p. 40. 
Furnarius badius, Mokhenb. Ilandb. p. 202; Pelz. Sifz. Ah. Wien, 


xxxiv. p. 114 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 34; id. Ibis, 1881, p. 408. " 
Furnarius rufus, d'Orb. Voy. Ois, p. 250; Dario. Zool. ' Beagle,1 iii. 
p. 64; Burm. Syzt. Ueb. iii. p. 3; 2<7. /./. 0. 1853, p. 107 (nest), 
et 1800, p. 248 (Buenos Ayres); Cab. et Hein. Mm. IMn. ii. 
p. 23 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 147 ; Scl. et SaU. 1\ Z. S. 1808, p. 140 
(Buenos Ayres) ; iid, Nomencl. p. 01; Sternberg, J. f. 0. lS09,p. 202 
(Buenos Ayre&); Bumf. Ibis, 1876, p, 100, et 3877, p. 179 (Buenos 
Ayres) ; GibsoJi, Ibis, 18b0, p. 16 (Buenos Ayres), et 1885, p. 280 
(Uruguay); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 009 "(rep. Arg.); Scl et 
Huds. Arg. Cm. i. p. 107. 
Above uniform earthy brown; sides of head rufeseent; tail 
rufous; wings blackish, mabtly edged with brown, and with a light 
band across the inner webs of the primaries; coverts and outer 
secondaries like the back; beneath greyish white, breast and flanks 
cinnamomeous, throat and middle of belly pure white; bill horncolour, 
lower mandible yellowish; feet blackish: whole length 7 
inches, wing 4, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hub. Paraguay, Uruguay, and La Plata. 

a. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. Burnett and Fitzroy 
b. c? ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk, 
Uruguay. . 
Conckitas, Buenos A\ red[P.]. 
Alan Peel [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
d. e. S 2 ad. sk.
f. Juv. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
A. Ad. sk. 
Flores, Buenos Ayres(White), 
Flores, Buenos Ayres. 
La Plata. 
S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1L Durnford [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Lt. Burnett and Capt. 
Fitzroy [P.]. 

2. Eur nanus albigularis. 
Figulus albogularis, Spic, Av. Bras. i. p. 70, t. 78 (1824). 
Furnarius albogularis, Pelz. Ibis, 1881, p. 405. 
Furnarius commersoni, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 34 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 


p. 61 j iid. P. Z. S. 1*70, p. (J 10 (Bolivia). 
PRVDUOCOLAPTIDJE. 

Opeliorynclms ruficauduN, Mar. Beitr. iii. p. 071. 

Furnarius badius, Pels, 8itv. Ah. TFien, xxxiv. p. 114. 

Above uniform reddish brown; tail chestnut; eye-stripe paler; 

wings blackish, mostly edged with brown, and with a pale cinna


momeous band along the inner webs of the primaries : beneath pale 

cinnamomeous, throat and middle of belly pure white ; bill yellowish 

horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2'5. 

ff?\tute similar. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 

The strong rufous tinge of the body above and the more cinnamo


meous under surface distinguish this more northern form from 

F. nofus. 
a. Ad. sk. Malclonado, Uruguay (?). Burnett and Fitzroy 
[p.]. 
b, c. <$ $ ad. sk. Ohapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(B. H. Smith), 
d. $ a^-gk* Ouyaba (Batterer), Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Brazil. Dr. Tuck. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Tiloliio, Yung as, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Buckley). 

i. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador ? Sabin-Godman Coll. 
3. Furnarius figulus. 
Turdus figulus, Licht. Doubl p; 40^1823). 
Opetiorynchus rufus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 6(57. 
Furnarius figulus, Bp. Consp. L p. 214 ; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 4; 


Cab. et Hein. Mas. Bern, ii. p. 23; S<L Cat. A. B. p. 147; Pelz. 
Orn, Bras. p. 34; id. Ibis, 1881, p. 410; JScL et Salv. Ex, Orn. 

p. 7; iid. Bomencl p. 61; Forbes, Ibis, 3881, p. 345 (N.E. Brazil); 
Salv. Cat. StricU. Coll. p. 332; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. GOO (Arg. 
Rep.). 
Furnarius melanotis, Siv. An. in Menag p. 324. 
Furnaiius superciliaris, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 307 (lb31j. 


Above uniform chestnut; distinct superciliaries white; primaries 
externally like the back, internally cinnamomeous, tipped with 
black, and crossed by two black bands, of which only the basal one 
extends on to the outer webs: beneath white, breast and flanks 
slightly tinged with cinnamomeous ; bill black, base of lower mandible 
pale ; feet dark brown: whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3*4, 
tail 2*4. Female similar. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. 5 ad.sk. Pernanibuco,Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
bt c. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d~g. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
i, k. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Liechtenstein Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Baron Laugier's Coll. 
3 . FUIINAIUUS. 
4. Furnarius cristatus. 
Furnarius tricolor, 
Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 196 (rep. Arg.); Scl. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 461; Pelz. Ibis, 1881, p. 410; Scl. et Iluds. Arg. Orn. i. 
^ p. 170. 
Furnarius cristatus, Burm. Ibis, 1888, p. 493. 

Head of Furnarius cristatus. 

Head crested ; above uniform earthy brown ; tail rufous ; wing-
feathers blackish, with a pale cinnamomeous cross-band; outer 
secondaries and coverts like the back; beneath pale fulvous, throat, 
middle of belly, and crissum white; bill blackish, pale at the base 
of the lower mandible; legs black : whole length 6 inches, wing 2-7, 
tail 2*2. Female similar. 

Hah. Northern Argentina. 

The small size and crested head render this species easily recognizable. 
The name tricolor, applied to it in error by Dr. Cabanis, 
belongs to quite a different species (of. Burmeister, I. s. c). 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Jad.sk . 
Cordova (Doering). 
Sierra de Oordova (Schuk). 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll.
specimen.) 
(Authentic 
5. Furnarius leucopus. 

Furnarius leucopus, Sic. An. in Menag. p. 325; Cab. in Schomb. 
Guian. iii. p. 688; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Kein. ii. p. 23; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 35 (part.) j id. Ibis, 1881, p. 406; Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. 

p. 8; lid. Nomencl. p. 61; Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 373 (E. Peru); 
Tacz. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 104; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 418 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above bright cinnamomeous; cap dark earthy brown ; superciliaries 
white; wings blackish, with a broad cinnamomeous bar 
across the under surface; inner secondaries and coverts like the 
back: beneath white, breast and flanks strongly tinged with 
cinnamomeous ; bill pale horn-colour, whiter below; feet yellowish 
white : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2-3. Female similar. 

Hab. Guiana and Amazonia. 

a. Ad sk. British Guiana {Brown). Sclater Coll. 
b. 2 a(i-sk- Pebas, Peru (Hauxivell). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Elvira, E Peru (Hauxwelt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Ecuador (?). Sclater Coll. 
e. Q ad. sk. Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(H. II. Smith). 
DE.VDROCOHPTIDJE. 

6. Furnarius agnatns. 
Furnarius 
agnatus, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 61, 159; Salv. el 
Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. ]97, ot 1880, p. 170 (Santa Marta); Pelz. 
Ibis, 1881, p. 408. 

Similar to F. leucopus, but with the cap not extending over the 
nape and more greyish in colour ; the back much clearer cinnamomeous, 
and the whole abdomen washed with rufous. 
Bab. Littoral of Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Joad). Sclater Coll. I 
b. Ad. sk. Valle Dupar, U. S. C. {Joad). Sclater Coll. \ 
(Types of the species.) 
c. $ ad. sk. Valle Dupar, U. S. 0. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. U. S. Colombia. Purchased. 
7. Furnarius assimilis. 
Furnarius assimilis, 
Cab. et Sein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 22; Scl. et Salv. 
NomencL p. 61; Pelz. Ibis, 1881, p. 40G. 
Furnarius leucopus, Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wun9 xxxi. p. 822, xxxi v. 

p. 115; id. Orn. Bras. p. 35 (part.) ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 146. 
Similar to F. leucopus, but cap much more rufescent. 
Ilab. S.E. Brazil. 
This and the preceding species are very closely allied to F. 

leucopus, and in fact only representative forms of that species. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Brazil (Katterer). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

8. Furnarius minor. 
Furnarius minor, Pelz. Sitz. Ak. JVien, xxxi. p. 321 (1858), xxxiv. 
p. 115; id. Orn. Bras. p. 85; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 183 
(E. Ucavali), 1873, p. 268 (E. Peru); iid. Fx. Orn. p. 8; iid. 
NomencL^. 61; Pete.Ibis, 1881,p. 408; Tacz. Orn.Per. ii. p. 105. 
Above rather dull cinnamomeous; cap pale earthy brown ; superciliaries 
white; wing-feathers blackish, with a pale cinnamomeous 
bar on the under surface : beneath white, breast and flanks washed 
with cinnamomeous ; bill brown, pale at the base; feet brown: 
whole length 5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 1*9. 

Hob. Amazonia. 

The small size at once distinguishes this from all the other species 
except F. cristatus, from which it differs in its brighter colour and 
crestless head. 

a. 2 
^d. sk. Rio Madeira (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Nauta, Peruvian Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
3. PuitNVBixrs. 
lf> 
c. $ ad.sk. Nauta, Penman Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Bartlett). 
d,e. $ g ad. sk. Nauta, Permian Amazons. E. Bartlett [0.], 
/ . $ ad. sk, Santa Cruz, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 

{Bartlett). 

g. ? acl. sk. Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). Sclater OolL 
9. Furnarius torri&us. (Plato TI.) 
Furnarius torridus, 
Scl et Sain, P. Z. S.1860, p, 183 (R. Ucavali), 
1867, p. 978 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 208 (E. Peru); iicL Et\0m. 

p. 7, t.4; iid. NomencLy. 01; Pek.lbis, 1881, p. 407; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 104. 
Above dark cinnamon-brown; cap dark earthy brown; suporciliaries 
white; wing-feathers blackish, with a transverse cinnamomeous 
bar on the under surface; wing-covert9 and outer 
secondaries like the back : beneath pale einnamomeous ; throat and 
middle of belly white; bill horn-colour, whitish at the base; feet 
yellowish white ; whole length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2-2. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 
This is a larger bird than F. leuco-pus^ much darker in colour, 
and apparently quite distinct. 

a. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali {Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
h. ? ad. sk.
c. 6 ad. sk. 
Upper Ucavali. 
Santa Cruz, E. Peru.
(Type of the species.) 
E." Bartlett [0.1. 
E. Bartlett [0.1. 

10. Furnarius pileatus. 
Furnarius pileatus, 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 139: Pels. Ihs, 
1881, p. 407. 

Above chestnut; suporciliaries white; cap dark brown: beneath 
white, flanks tinged with ochraceous; remiges black, with two 
chestnut cross-bands; rectrices chestnut, with a black blotch on the 
inner webs; bill horn-colour, lower mandible beneath whitish; 
feet black : whole length 6*8 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2'4. 

Hah. Santarem, Upper Amazonia. 

I have not yet met with a second example of this species, which 
was based on a specimen obtainel by Prof. Stcere. It is like 
F.fiyulus in most respects, but has a brown head. 

11. Furnarius cinnamomeus. 
Picolaptes cinnamomeus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 433. 
Furnarius longirostris, Peh. Sitz. Ahad. Wien, xx. p 158; id. Ibis, 


1881, p. 411; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424 (W. Peru). 
Furnarius griseiceps, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 23. 
Furnarius cinnamomeus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 277 j id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 147; Scl. et Salv. Ei\ Orn. p. 8; iid. Nbmencl. p. 01; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 323, 751 (Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 102; Berl 
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 500, et 1885, p, 94 (W. Ecuador). 
I)EN1)R0C0LAPTTT>^. 

Above bright cinnamon-brown; cap dark earthy brown, snperciliaries 
white; wings blackish, with a broad transverse bar of pale 
cinnamon on the inner webs: beneath white, with a pale cinnamomeous 
tinge except on the throat and middle of the belly: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3-9, tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Ilab. Western Ecuador and Western Peru. 

The large size and long bill render this western species of Farnarhis 
easily recognizable. 

a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. c^gad.sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Ckiguiuda, Ecuador {Buckley). 
Balzar Mts., Ecuador (TilingG. 
Barclay [0.]. 
G. Barclay [0.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
worth). 
Santa Ilita, Ecuador (VillaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
f/omts). 
Ecuador (Buckley^. 
Tumbez, Western Peru 
Sal vin-Godman Coll. 
Rclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk.
1. Ad. sk.
m. n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. st.
(Jelski), 
Chilate, Peru (Orton). 
Payta, Peru (Marhham). 
N.W. coast of S. America. 
S.America. 
Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Oapt. Kellett and Lt. 
Wood [P.]. 
E. Wilson, E^q. [P.]. 

4. UPUCEBTHIA-*. 
UpucertMa, Geoffr. 8t.-Hil N. Ann. d. Mus. i. p. 398 T?Pe(
1882) U. dumetoria. 
Ochetorhynchus, Meyer, Act. Ac. L. C. xvi. Suppl. 

p. 80 (1832) \ U. ruficauda. 
Coprotretis, Cab. ei Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 24 (1859) . XL dumetoria. 
I am acquainted with about eight species of this genus, all of 
moderate size and somewhat uniform brown plumage, but varying 
much in the length and curvature of the bill. They are inhabitants 
of the sterile regions of the higher Andes in the north, but descend 
to the sea-level in Chili and Patagonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Bill longer than the head, much incurved, 
compressed. 
a. Breast striated. 
j Larger: breast clearly striated 1. dumetoria, p. 17. 
j Smaller: breast obsoletely striated ... . 2. jelskii, p. 18. 
5. Breast not striated 
3. validirostris, p. 18. 
B. Bill not longer than head, slightly incurved. 
c. Tail earthy brown, with lighter edgings.... 4. excelsior, p. 18. 
* Refer also to:— 
Upucerthia pallida, Tacz P. Z. S. 1883, p. 71; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 107 
(Peru). 

4 . UPUCERTHIA.
d. 
Tail rufous. 
a'. Breast densely striated 5. andicola, p. 10. 
b'. Breast nearly'imiform. 
j Flanks striated G. bridges*', p. 19. 
I Flanks uniform 7. Imc'l/ua, p. 20. 
C, Bill as long as head, nearly straight 8. rujkimda, p, 20. 


1. Upucerthia dumetoria. 
TJpucerthia dumetoria, Geof, et di'Orb. N. Ann. Mm. i. p. 394; Darw. 
Voy. l Beagle? Zool. iii. p. 06, pi. 19; Bridges, P. & S. 1841. p. 04 
(Chili); Fraser, P. Z. A 1843, p. 111; I?p.flawy;, i. p. 214; Gay, 
Faun. Chit., Aves, p. S&84; &>/. CM. A P. p. 147; id. P. #. & 1807, 

p. 824 (Chili); ScL el Sah. Ibis, 1808, pp. 185, 187 (Str. of Magellan) 
j iid. Nomencl. p. 62) Hudson, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 259 
(Buenos Ayres), et 1872, p. 544 (Kio Negro); Duruf. Ibis, 1877, 
p. 35, et 1878, p. 395 (Clmpaf) j Shcnpe, P. Z. IS. Ib8l', p. 9; W7**fe, 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 433 (lep. Arg.); 8cl et Huds. Art/. Orn. L 
p. 170. 
Uppucerthia dumetorum, Lafr. et ffOrb. Sgn. Av. ii. p. 20. 
Coprotretis dumetoria, Cab. et Ilein. Mits. Ilein. ii. p. 24. 
Ochetorhynehus dumetorius, Burm. La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 4G3, 
Above brownish, cinereous; superciliaries fulvous 'white; wings 
darker, with a broad band of oinnamomeous brown on the inner 
primaries and adjoining secondaries ; outer secondaries and coveits 
like the back; tail ashy black, tipped and, on the outer rectrix, 
edged with pale cinnamomeous, two middle rectrices like the back: 
beneath pale ashy ; throat white; breast-feathers more cinnamomeous 
and finely edged \\ ith blackish; middle of belly whitish; 
under wing-coverts pale cinnamomeous ; bill dark horn-colour, paler 
at the base; feet brown : whole length 9 inches, wing 4, tail 3-5, 
bill from the gape in a straight line 1-4, Female similar. 

Hal. Chili, Western Argentina, and Patagonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili. 0. Darwin [C.l 
b. c. 2 ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili. Dr. Coppinger [0.]. 
d. 
$ ad.; e. Chili (Beed). Sclater Coll. 
$ jr. sk. 
f. a. Ad, sk. Chili (Beed). 
Salvin-Gcdman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Purchased. 
j. 
$ ad. sk. Chili. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
d ad. sk. Mendoza, Argentine Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, m. 6 
ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Leybold). 


n. 
S ad. sk. Rio Negro,' Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Patagonia (Cunningham). Sclater Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Patagonia. C. Darwin, Eteq. [C.1. 
q. 
Ad.; r. Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C.J. 
$ ad. sk. 
s. 
J ad. sk. Port Desire, Patagonia. W. Harrison, R.N. 
t. Ad. sk. Port Desire, Patagonia. Oapt. King [C.]. 
u. Jr. sk. Bolivia (?). 
Purchased. 
v. Ad. sk. Cordillera, S. America. Purchased, 
VOL. XV.

/? 

DENBKOCOXAPTIDJB. 

2. Upucerthia jelskii. 
Coprotretes jelskii, Cab. J. /. O. 1874, p. 98. 
Upucerthia jelskii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 526 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 100. 

Above brownish cinereous; wings and tail rather darker, with a 
slightly rufoscent tinge on the inner webs, but externally like the 
back ; superciliaries pale fulvous white : beneath pale bufiy white; 
breast-feathers very slightly edged with darker colour; under wing-
coverts cinnamomoous ; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, 
wing 3*5, tail 2-{), bill from the gape in a straight line 1-3. 

If ah. Central Peru and Bolivia. 

This is a somewhat smaller species, with a rather shorter bill 
and very uniformly coloured above. The breast is obsoletely striated 
with fine blackish edgings to the feathers. 

a. c? ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. <S ad. sk. 
Junin, Peru (Jelshi). 
C. Peru (Jehki). 
Peru (Jelsld). 
Selater Coll.} Authentic 
Selater Coll. f specimens, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 

3. Upucerthia validirostris. 
Ochetorhynchus 
validirostris, Burm. La-Plata Heise, ii. p. 464 (rep. 
Arg.). * 

Above brownish ashy, somewhat rufescent on the wings and tail; 
lores and superciliaries pale cinnamomeous j remiges reddish chinamomeous, 
tipped with ashy black; coverts and outer secondaries 
like the back ; tail nearly uniform reddish cinnamomeous: beneath 
pale buffy white* bill and feet dark brown: whole length 8 
inches, wing 3-4, tail 3*2, bill from gape in a direct line 1*4. 

Bab. Western Argentina. 

This is rather a smaller bird than TJ. dumetoria, but has the bill 
nearly as long and rather thicker. It may be at once distinguished 
from the preceding species by its unspotted breast. 

a, b. (S ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine Republic Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Let/bold). 

4. Upucerthia excelsior. 
Cinclodes excelsior, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, p. 77 (Ecuador). 
Ochetorhynchus excelsior, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 148. 
Upucerthia excelsior, Scl, et Salv. Nomend. p. 62; Tacz. et Berl. 


P. Z. S. 1885, p. 94 (Ecuador). 
Above dark brown; superciliaries fulvous white; wings blackish, 
greater portion of the inner primaries and secondaries cinnamomeous, 
with a slight median bar and the tips blackish; tail dark brown, 
with paler tips to the lateral feathers : beneath dark cinereous, 
whitish on the throat and middle of the belly; under wing-coverts 
cinnamomeous; bill and feet black : whole length 8-3 inches, wing 

4. TTPUCEIiTUIA.
4-8, tail 3*4, "bill from the gape in a straight liuo 1*1. Female 

similar. 

Hah. Andes of Ecuador. 

This bird is more like a Gin eludes in general appearance, but has 

an incurved bill, though this is much more broadened than in the 

three preceding species. 

a. 2 ad. sk. Pickincha, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. ) (Types of 
b. $ ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser), Sclater Coll. f the species,) 
cf & d 2 Panza, Ecuador. L. Fraser [O.J. 
ad. sk. 


e. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Oodman ("oil. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Sical, Jficuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador. ' Purchased. 
i 
Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sal vin-G oilman Coll. 
(Bitchley). *" 

5. Upucerthia andicola. 
Upucerthia andecola, cCOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 21 (1838); 6^ Orb. 
Voy.^ Ois. p. 371, t. hi. %. 2 ; 8cl. et Salv. JP. Z. S. 1870, p. 644 
(Bolivia). 

Upucerthia serrana, Tacz. R Z. 8. 1874, p. 525 (C. Peru), 1880, 

p. 200 (N. Peru) j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 107. 
Above ashy brown; lores and long superciliary stripe whitish; 

lower back and upper tail-coverts rufous ; wings blackibh, margined 

with rufous; 
tail wholly rufous: beneath pale cinereous with 

whitish shaft-stripes, throat and middle of the belly dirty white; 

bill blackish, at the base beneath yellowish; feet pale brown: whole 

length 7*4 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*3. Female similar. 

Bab. Bolivia and Peru. 

The rufous wings and tail and the wholly striped lower surface 

distinguish this species. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Cutervo, Peru (Stolz- Sclater Ooll. ) ^u^ieiltic 
mmn)L 
specimens 

b. 2 ad. sk. 
Maravnioc, Peru Sclater Coll. f 3 rr M,,,flBrt 
otU'8e7?(iM'

(JelsM). 

6. Upucerthia bridgesi. 
Upucerthia bridgesi, Scl. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 32 (Bolivia). 

Above brown, rump more rufous, head more cinereous; long 
narrow superciliaries white; wings blackish, inner primaries and 
secondaries rufous at the base and edged externally with rufous; 
tail uniform rufous: beneath dirty white, flanks flammulated with 
brown; under wing-coverts whitish; inner margins of wing-
feathers pale rufous; bill black, lower mandible at the^ base 
yellowish; feet blackish: whole length 7 iuches, wing 3*1, tail 2S« 


Hah. Bolivia (Bridges). 

3)EJOKOCOLAPIIILE. 

This species comes nearest, to U. ruficauda in colour, but has 
the whole tail rufous, and the bill shorter. 

a. Ad. st Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.1. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Int. of Bolivia, T. Bridges [C.J. (Types of the 
species.) 

7. Upucerthia luscinia. 
Ochetorhynchus luscinia, Barm. J.f.O. I860, p. 249; id. La-Plata 
Beise, ii. p. 464; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 148. 
Upucertliia luscinia, Sal. et Salv. Nomencl p. 62; Salv. Ibis, 1880, 

p. 358 (rep. Arg.); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 610 (rep. Arg.); 
Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 171. 
Above earthy brown : front, lores, and sides of the head rufous ; 
wing-feathers at the base rufous, tipped and edged like the back; 
lateral tail-feathers dark rufous, centre tail-feathers like the back: 
beneath pale cinereous, throat white ; flanks and lower belly tinged 
with rufous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
rufous; bill horn-colour, base of the lower mandible pale; feet 
brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3, tail 2*9. Female similar. 

Ilab. Western Argentina. 
The red front and sides of the head and white throat are the distinguishing 
features of this species. 

a. (S ad. sk. Mendoza,Arg. Rep. (Weiss- Sclater Coll. 
haupt). 
b, c. Ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. Purchased. 

d. Ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg*. Eep. (Bur- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
meister). 
e. c? ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hep. (Leyhold). 
f>q> 
6 $ ad. sk, Catamarca, Arg. Rep. Sclater Coll. 
(White). 

h. 
J ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Sclater Coll. 
Rep. (White). 
t. Ad. sk. Bolivia? 
Sclater Coll. 
h. 
S ad. • /. Ad. Salta, Arg. Rep. H. Durnford [C.]. 
sk. 
8. Upucerthia ruficauda. 
Ochetorhynchus ruficauda, Meym, Act. Acad. L. C. xvi. Suppl. p. 8], 

pi. xi.; Bur?n. J.f 0. I860, p. 248; id. La-Plata Beise. ii. p. 463: 

Scl Cat. A. B. p. 148. 
Uppucertliia montana, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. ii. p. 22 : d?Orb. Voy. 

Ois. p. 371, pi. 56. f. 1/ 
Cinclodes montanus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 214; Tacz. Orn. Pe*r. ii. p. 108. 
Upucerthia ruficauda, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 62 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 619 (Bolivia); Scl. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 398 (N. Chili). 
Above earthy brown, passing into rufous on the rump and wing-
coverts ; superciliaries whitish ; wings ashy black, margined with 
rufous, and with a rufous band at the base of the secondaries ; 
lateral tail-feathers with the inner webs black and the outer deep 

r>. oiN(Xoi>rs.

 21 

ferruginous, except the outer pair, which arc wholly ferruginous: 
beneath dirty white, slightly edged with darker colour on the brcant, 
and tinged with rufous on the flanks and belly ; bill and feel black : 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*4, tail IW. Female similar. 

Hah. Bolivia, "Western Argentina, and Patagonia, 

The straighter bill distinguishes this species from all the others, 
as also the colour of the tail, the lateral rectrices being more or less 
black on the inner webs. 

a. J ad. sk.
b. S ad. sk. 
Mqndoza (Wemlmupt), 
Mendoza. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
c. $ ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Pampas of the Argentine Tiep.
{Leybold). 
Laguna Oolguapa, Patagonia.
Nov. 20, 1877. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
IT. Durnford [0.1 
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Bolivia (?). 
Bolivia (?). 
S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 
T. Bridges [C."|. 
"Purchased. 

5. CINCLODES. 
Type. 
Cinclodes, G. It. Gray, List Gen. B. p. 16 (1840) ... . C. patagonicus. 
Oillurus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 235 (1844)..., C. patagonicus. 

Cinclodes comes close to lIpuceHliia, and is in fact hardly separable, 
but the bill is much shorter and nearly straight. It consists of a 
group of six species, which in the north are confined to the higher 
elevations in the Andes, but descend to the sea-level in Chili and 
Patagonia. 

Key to the Secies. 

A. Under surface not all white. 
a. Basal bar on the secondaries more or less 
cinnamomeous. 
a'. Breast dark ashy, with white shaft-
stripes. 
j Larger; darker 1. nigrofmnosus, p. 21. 
| Smaller; lighter 2. patagonicus, p. 22. 

V. Breast whitish, more or less striated .. 3. fuscus, p. 23. 
d. Breast uniform dark brown 4. antarcticus, p. 25. 
b. Basal bar on secondaries white 5. bifasciatus, p. 25. 
B. Under surface all white , 6. palliatus, p. 26. 
1. Cinclodes nigriftunosus. 
Upucerthia nigrofumosa, dOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 23; dOrb. 
Voy. Ois, p. 372, pi. 57. f. 2; Gay, Fawn. ChiL, Aves, p. 283. 

Cinclodesnigrofumosus,Bp. Consp.i. p. 214; ScL Cat A.B.$,14&; 
id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 324 (Chili) j Sol. et Salv. P. Z S. 1867, p. 085, 
et 1868, p. 569 (Peru), 1879, p. 019 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl 

p. 62; Salv, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424 (Peru); Tacz. Orn. Fir, ii. 
p. 110. 
BENDROCO L APXID JE. 

Opetiorhynchus nigrof umosus, Gray, Voy. c Beagle,1 Zool. iii. p. 68. 
Cillurus nigrof umosus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 25; TscL F. 
P., Ares, p. 235 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 526. 
Opetiorhynchus lanceolatus, Gould, Zool Voy. ' Beagle/ iii. pi. 20. 

Above dark brown, blacker on the head, wings, and tail; slight 
superciliaries whitish ; inner primaries and secondaries, except the 
outer ones, crossed by a broad cinnamomeous bar ; outer rectrices 
tipped with cinereous : beneath brownish black, with narrow white 
shaft-stripes ; throat white ; bill black; feet brown : whole length 
7*5 inches, wing 4*5, tail 3 4. Female similar. 
Hah. Southern Peru and Northern Chili. 

The specimens from Southern Peru show less white on the throat, 
and are generally darker in colour. 

a. Ad. st.
b. 5 ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Chili. . 
Prov. Santiago, Chili (Ze 
Coquimbo, Chili. 
Coquimbo, Chili. 
San Lorenzo Island,
ybold). 
Chili 
The Admiralty [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
C. Darwin, Esq. [0.1. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.". 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.
(Markham). 
Chili. Sclater Coll. 
g. $ ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk.
i. ? ad. sk. 
Islay, S. W. Peru ( White 
Islay, S.W. Peru (Whitel 
Islay, S.W. Peru.
hf).
y). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
H. Whitely [C/J. 

2. Cinclodes patagonicus. 
Motacilla patagonica, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 957. 
Furnarius chilensis, Less. Man. ii. p. 17 ; id. Tr. cTOm. p. 307. 
Opetiorhynchus rupestris, Kittl. Vdg. Chili, p. 16, pi. 8. 
Uppucerthia rupestris, Lafr. et d'Orb. 8yn. Av. ii. p. 21. 
Upucerthia chilensis, Gay, Faun. Chil, Aves, p. 281. 
Cinclodes patagonicus, JBp. Consp. i. p. 214 ; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 148; 


id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 324 (Chili) ; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 433 (Patagonia), et 1879, p. 619 (Bolivia); iid. Ibis, 1868, pp. 185, 
186, et 1869, p. 283 (Str. of Magellan) ; iid. Nomencl p. 62; Sharpe, 
P. Z. S.1881, p. 8 (Str. of Magellan). 
Cillurus patagonicus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 25. 
Above darkish brown; superciliaries white; wings and tail 
darker; inner primaries and secondaries, except the outer ones, 
crossed by a broad cinnamomeous bar; external tail-feathers with 
light ashy tips : beneath cinereous ; throat white; breast and upper 
belly with whitish shaft-stripes ; bill and feet clear brown : whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. Southern Chili and Patagonia. 
This is a smaller form of C. nig rifumosus, distinguishable by its 
inferior size and paler colouring. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Chili (Zeybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Chili (Peed). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
e, f. d $ ad. sk. Port Otway, Patagonia. Chall. Exp. 
5. CINCLODES. 28 
g. cf ad.; ^. cf jr. (JoveIsland, MessiorChannel, Ohall. Evp. 
sk.
i. (S ad. sk.
j?". Ad. sk. 
Patagonia. 
Tom Bay, {Straits of Ma 
Elizabeth I., •Sliuitsgvllan. 
of 
Dr. Coppingor [C\J. 
Dr. Ooppingor [C.J. 
k Ad. sk.
I Ad. sk.
Magellan, 
Twentlni L, StraitsMagellan. 
Straits of Magellan. 
of Dr. Coppinger [0.]. 
Sirl?.Murcl]iaon[P.]. 

8. Cinclodes fuscus. 
Antlms fuscus, Vieill Erie. Meth. p. 325 (e.r Azara). 
Cillums fuscus, Cab. et Ilehi. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 2o. 
Upucerthia vulgaris, Lafr. et tfOrb. tiyn, A v.' ii. p, 22 ; d'Orb. Vtnj. 


Ois. p. 372, pi. 57. f. I; 6V/A -P^w* (%#., yiwvj, p. 282. 
Cinclodes vulgaris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 18(10, p. 385 (Oakland Is.) ; P/>. 

Consp. i. p. 214. 
Opetiorhynchus vulgaris, Dane, Toy. 'Beagle,' Zool. iii. p. CO. 
Cinclodes fuscus, ticl. Cat. A. B. p. 140 ; k P. Z. tf. 1880, p. 308 

(N. Chili) j Scl. ettialv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 1)85 (Peru), 18(58, p. 140 
(Conchitas) et p. 560 (W. Peru), 1809, p. 153 (Peru), 1870, p. 780 
(Venezuela), 1874, p. 078 (Peru), 1879, p. 619 (Bolivia); iicl Ibis, 
1808, pp. 185, 180 (Str. of Magellan); hcl Nomenel. p. 02 j Iluds. 
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 200 (Buenos Ayres); Heed, Ibis, 1874, p. 84 
(Masafuera) ; Salv. Ibis, 1875, pp. 370, 370 (Masafuera); id. P. Z. S, 
1883; p. 424 (Peru); Dumf Ibis, 1877, p. 179 (Buenos Ayres); 
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8; White, P. Z. S. 1882. p. 010 (rep. Arg.); 
Berl. J.f.O. 1887, p. 119 (Paraguay). 
Cillurus rivularis, Cab. J.f.O. 1873, p. 319; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 526 (Peru). 
Cinclodes rivularis, Tacz. Oni. Per. ii. p. 132. 
Cillurus minor, Cab. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 24. 
Cinclodes minor. Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 148; id. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 324 
(Chili). 
Cinclodes albidiventris, Scl. P. Z. S, 1800, p. 77 (Ecuador); id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 149; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 94 (Ecuador). 
Above cinereous; superciliary stripe whitish; wings and tail 
darker, edged with cinereous ; inner primaries and secondaries, except 
the outer ones, crossed by a bar of pale cinnamomooiib; external 
rectrices tipped with pale cinnaniomeous white; beneath dirty white, 
more or less overspread with ashy ; throat and middle of belly nearly 
white; bill and feet dark brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 4, 
tail 3. Female similar. 

If ah. Andes of S. America, from Venezuela to Peru; Chili, La 
Plata, and Patagonia. 

After examining a full series of this bird, I am unable to give 
decisive characters to separate C. albidiventris of Ecuador and the 
north, C. rivularis of Peru, and G. minor of Chili from the typical 
form of the Argentine Republic (C. fuscus). The Argentine specimens 
are the darkest on the lower surface and C. rivularis much 
the lightest, but Bolivian skins seem to be intermediate. 

a. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. Burnett & Fitzroy [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Port Famine, Patagonia. C, Darwin [O.], 
BENDROCOLAPTIDJE. 

c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. 3 ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
h. 
Ad. sk. 
i. 
S ad. sk. 
j, 
k. Ad. sk. 

Z. Jr. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
n. 
Ad.; o. J 
ad. sk. 
p. <$ ad. sk. 
q. S 
ad. j r. Ad. 
sk. 
8. Ad. sk. 
t. 
S ad. sk. 
w. S ad. sk. 
v, w. Ad. sk. 
x. Ad. sk. 
y, z. Ad. sk. 
a'. Ad. sk. 

V. Ad. sk. 
c\ Ad. sk. 
$'. Ad. sk. 
e\ Ad. sk. 


/'. <$ ad. sk. 
^'. Ad. sk. 


ad sk

h\ 2«« 

Cff, <$ ad. sk. 

&'. $ ad. sk. 
?'. ^ ad. sk. 
m'. Ad. sk. 
ri. Ad. sk. 
o'. Ad. sk. 


p'} g', r'. <$ 2 ad. 

s'. § ad. sk. 

Tierra del Fuego. 
Rio Parana (Parztidaki). 
Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. 
Isla de Flores, Buenos 


Ayres. 
Vicinity of Buenos Ayres 

(ffaslehust). 

Vicinity of Buenos Ayres. 
Conchitas, Buenos Ayres 

(Hudson). 

Argentine Republic. 
Punta Arenas, Magellan 
Straits (Ragazzi). 
St. Martin's Cove, Patagonia. 
Hermit Island (Antarctic 
Exp). 

Prov. Santiago, Chili 

(Leybold). 

Beckett Harbour, Straits 
of Magellan. 
Vicinity of* Santiago, 
Chili (Reed). 
Coquinibo, Chili (Markham). 


Coquimbo, Chili. 
Chilian Cordillera (Mark


ham). 
Chili (Parzudaki). 
Masafuera Island (Ley


bold). 
Musafuera Island (Reed). 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia 


(Buckley). 
Sorala, Bolivia {Buckley). 
Bolivia (Forbes). 
Chhnata, S.W. Peru 


(WMtvly). 
Tinta, S.W. Peru. 
Lima, Peru (Nation). 
Junin, Central Peru 


(Jelski). (A u thentic 
Chimborazo (Fraser). 

Chimborazo, Ecuador. 
Chimborazo. 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Ecuador [Buckley). 
Ecuador. 
Sierra Nevada of Santa 


Marta, U.S.C. (Simons). 
Paramos of Merida, Venezuela 
(Goering). 


Burnett & Fitzroy [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 

H. Durnford [G.~\. 
H. Durnford [C.]. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

Allan Peel [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 


Dr. Burmeister [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 


The Admiralty [P.]. 


The Admiralty [P.]. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Dr. Coppinger [C.]. 


Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Dr. Coppinger [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


H. "Whitelv [CI. 
Sclater Coil. 
Sclater Coll. 
specimen of 
C. rivnlaris.) 
Sclater Coll. (Types of 

C. albidiventris.) 
L. Fraser fO.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

b. CINCLODES. 
4. Cinclodes antarcticus. 
Certliia antarctica, Gam. Ann. Sc, Nat. vii. p. 45 (1820). 
Fumarius fuliginosus, Less. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 070. 
Opetiorhynchus antarcticus, Ihtrw. Voy. ' Beagle,' Zool. iii. p. 07. 
Upucerthia antarctica, (ray, 2<W//. C/«7., ./lw\i, p. ;283. 
Cinclodes antarctieus, Bpl Consp. i. p. 214; Sclater, P. Z. & 1800, 


p. 385 (Falkland Is.); id Cat. A. B. p. 148; Abbott, Ibis, 1801, 
p. 154 (Falkland Is.); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 02. 
Above and beneath nearly uniform sooty brown; wing-band 
nearly obsolete, of paler brown; bill and feet black: whole length 
7 inches, wing 4*1, tail 3*1. Female similar. 

Hah. Falkland Islands. 

This is simply a permanent melanistic form of C. patagonieus, 
which it replaces in the Falklands. 

a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk. 
Falkland Islands. 
Falkland Islands. 
Burnett & Fitzroy [P.], 
Sclater Coll. 
c. c? ad.; d} e.
Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g, Ad. sk. 
East Falkland Island 
(Antarctic Rvp.).t 
Falkland Islands (Antarctic 
Exp.), 
Falkland Islands. 
The Admiralty [P.], 
The Admiralty [P.]. 
Purchased. 

5. Cinclodes Mfasciatus. 
Cinclodes bifasciatus, Scl P Z. S. 1858, p. 448 (Bolivia), 187.% p. 782 
(Peru), et 1886, p. 398 (N. Chili) ; Scl. et Sate. Nomencl. p. 62; 
iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678 (Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 111. 

Upucerthia atacameusis, PMUppi, Iteise d. d. Wii8te Atacama, p. 102, 
pi. 3 (18G0) ; id. An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 251. 
Cillurus bifasciata, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 520. 

Above earthy brown, growing more rnfous on the lower back; 
superciliaries extending behind the eye white; wings blackish, band 
across the coverts of the primaries, and another broader across the 
inner primaries and secondaries, except the outer, white; tail 
blackish* outer rectrices tipped with white : beneath greyish white, 
with slight indications of brighter shaft-stripes; flanks and crissum 
brownish; bill and feet horn-colour: whole length 8 inches, wing 
3*9, tail 3*2. Female similar. 

Hab. Peru, Bolivia, Northern Chili, and North-western Argentina. 


The white patch on the coverts of the primaries and clear white 
wing-band clearly distinguish this species, which in structure does 
not deviate from the typical form. 

a. Ad, st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [O.]. 
b. S ad. sk. Paucartambo,Peru(TFH^y). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Leybold). 
d. J ad.sk. Mendoza (Weissliatipt). Sclater Coll. 
DENLROCOLAPTIL-ai. 

6, Cinclodes palMatns. 
Cillurus palliatus, Tsch. F. Per., Aves, p. 235, t. xvi. fig*. 2 ,• Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 520; Cab. et Rein. Mvs. Hein. ii. p. 25. 
Cinclodes palliatus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678 (Peru); Tacz. 
Orn. Fir. ii. p. 101). 

Above dark reddish brown; bead cinereous; lores blaekisb ; 
wings and tail black; bend of wing, large blotch occupying the 
central portion of the inner primaries and secondaries, and tips of 
the outer rectrices white : beneath clear white; bill and feet black: 
whole length 8 inches, wing 5, tail 3*9. 

Hab. Central Peru. 

This is quite a distinct species, remarkable for its great coarse 
feet and large size. The reddish back and clear white under surface 
render it easily distinguishable. 

a. Ad. sk. Central Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
6. HENICORNIS*. 
Type. 
Enicornis, G. B. Gray, List Gen. B. 1840, p. 17 H. phoenicura. 
Eremobius, Gould, Zool. Voy.lBeagle, iii. p. 69 (1841). H. phoenicura. 

In Henicornis, which in general habit is not far removed from 
Cinclodes, the bill is more lengthened and quite straight, the gonys 
slightly ascending. The only two known species are confined to 
the sea-shores of Chili and Patagonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Tail beneath at base dark chestnut 1. phoenicura, p. 2Q. 
B. 
Tail beneath black, outer rectrices edged externally 
with rufous 2. melanura, p. 27. 
1. Henicornis phcenicura. 
Eremobius phcenicurus, Gould, Zool. Voy, 'Beagle,' Birds, p. 69, pi, 21. 
Enicornis phoenicura, Gray, List Gen. B. 1841, p. 22. 
Henicornis phoenicura, Bp. Consp. i. p. 214; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 


p. 62; Bumf. Ms, 1878, p. 395 (C. Patagonia). 
Upucerthia phoenicura, Gay, Faun. GUI., Aves, p. 280. 
Above earthy brown : wings blackish, edged like the back, with 
a rufous bar across the inner primaries and secondaries ; tail chestnut, 
with the apical third black: beneath greyish white, clearer on 
throat; flanks and crissum tinged with rufous; bill black, base 
yellowish; feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 3, tail 2-8. 
Female similar. 

Hab. Patagonia. 

This species is quite distinct from the Chilian H. melanura with 
which Cabanis has united it, and may be immediately recognized by 
its differently coloured tail and brown back. 

* Befer also to Enicornis striata, Allen, Bull. A. M. N. H. ii. p. 89 (Chili). 
/ . CLI13A.N-0RNIS. 

a. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.]. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Port Desire, Patagonia (Darivin). 
c. Ad. sk. Port St. Julian, Patagonia (DarSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
win) . 
d. <$ ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C.]. 
2. Henicornis melanura. 
Henicornis melanura, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 133, t. xli.; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 62. 
Upucerthia phoenicurus, Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, xxxi. p. 250 
(Central Chili). 
Henicornis gouldi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 2-4. 


Above earthy brown; lower back and upper tail-coverts rusty-
red ; wings blackish, with a rufous bar across the inner primaries 
and secondaries, and washed externally with tbe same colour; tail 
black, outer web of external pair and basal edgings of succeeding 
pairs rusty red: beneath white, belly grey, flanks and crissum rusty 
red; bill black, base yellowish; feet black: whole length 7*5 inches, 
wing 3-3, tail 3*2. Female similar. 

Hob. Chili. 

a. 
Ad. st. Chili. Purchased. (Type of 
the species.) 
b. 
(S ad. sk. Cordillera de Santiago, Chili Sclater Coll. 
(Reed). 
c. Ad. sk. Chili (James). 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
7. CLIBANORNIS. 
Type. 
Clibanornis, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 155 (1873). . C. dendrocolaptoides. 

Head of Clibanornis dendrocolaptoh 

This peculiar S.E. Brazilian type has much the general appearance 
of a Furnarius, but has the stems of the tail-feathers stiffened and 
the barbs abraded. The bill is much compressed and the tail 
much rounded. I am quite doubtful about its true relations. 

1. Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides. 
Anabates dendrocolaptoides, Pelz Sitz. Ac. Wien, xxxiv. p. 105 
(1859); id. Orn. Bras.'-p. 39. 
Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p 61. 

DENDKOCOLAPTIDJS. 

Above reddish brown; head brighter, with a long whitish superciliary 
stripe; rump and tail dark ferruginous: beneath cinereous, 
throat whitish : flanks, crissum, and under tail-coverts rufous; bill 
and feet brown: whole length 8 inches, wing 3*6, tail, middle rectr. 

3-8, lateral 2*6. 
Hah. S.E. Brazil. 
a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
specimen.) 
(Authentic 
8. LOCHMIAS. 
Type. 

Lochmias, Sw. ZooL Journ. iii. p. S5o (1827) L, nematura. 

Picerthia, Is. Geoffr. St.-Ilil. Nouv. Ann. d. Mus. i. 

p. 392 (1832) ..' L. nematura. 
Lochmias seems to be somewhat related to Furnarius, like which 
it has the tarsal scutes almost obsolete. It has also some resemblance 
to Sclerurus, having a slightly stiffened tail. The wings are 
short and rounded. The two representative species are found over 
South America, from Yenezuela to Paraguay and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Lighter; spots beneath larger 
1. nematura, p. 28. 
B. Darker; spots beneath smaller 2. sororia, p. 28. 
1. Lochmias nematura. 
Myiothera nematura, Zicht. Doubl. p. 43. 
Furnarius st.-hilarii, Less. TV. d'Orn. p. 307. 
Picerthia hilarii, Is. Geoffr, St.-Hil N. Ann. d. Mus. i. p. 392 (1832). 
Lochmias squamulata, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 38. 
Lochmias nematura, Bp. Consp. i. p. 210 j Cab. et Hem. Mus. JECein. 


ii. p. 25 ; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 6; id. J.f. 0. I860, p. 248 (rep. 
Arg.); Sol Cat. A. B. p. 149; Eider, J.f.O. 1867, pp. 189, 194, 
198, 399 (Brazil); Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 62 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 418 (Brit. Guian.); Berl J.f.O. 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay). 
Above brown; head darker; sides of head white, feathers edged 
with black: wings blackish, edged like the back; tail black: beneath 
blackish, with central white spots on the feathers; bill and feet 
brown: 
whole length 6 inches, wing 2-7, tail 1*9. Female similar. 
Hob. Brazil and Guiana. 

a. b. <$ ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(jar. H. Smith). 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. River Arranparu, Kukenam, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). 
f. 
Ad. sk. Brazil. ' Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
2. Lochmias sororia. 
Lochmias sororia, Scl. et Salv. P. Z, S. 1873, p. 511 (Venezuela) ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 62. 
Lochmias obscurata, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 65 (?); Tacz. P. Z. S. 

9 . OXYUHTTK. 
1874, p. 526 (C.Peru); id. Orn. Ptr. ii. p. 113; 6W. et Nalv. 

P. Z. & 1879, p. 019 (Bolivia) • Tacz, et Bert. P. Z. & 1885, p, 04 
(Ecuador). 
Similar to L. netnatum, but darker, and much less distinctly 
spotted beneath. 
Hal. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Spence). Sclater Coll (Type 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad, sk. 
Bogota, U.S.O. 
Bogota, U.8.C.
of the species.) 
Salvin-Codman Coll. 
Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

Subfamily II. SYNALLAXINJG. 

The Synallaxince embrace tho first section of the non-1 crrestrial, 
bush-haunting Denclrocolaptithe, distinguished from the second 
section by their small Sylviine bill and long tail. It is somewhat 
difficult to draw the line between them and the P7iilydorina>, and I 
have altered the division adopted in the c Nomenolator' between 
these two nearly allied groups, by relegating tho last seven genera 
as there assigned to the succeeding subfamily. 

The Synallaccince extend in more or less abundance nearly all 
over the Neotropical Region except the Antillean Subregion. 

Key to the Genera, 

A. Tail slightly spiny. 
a. Tail elongated. 
a'. Tail moderate, webs broad 9. OXYURTJS, p. 29. 
V. Tail very long, webs narrow [p. 31. 
( Rectrices six, almost bare 10. SYLVIO&THORHYNCHUS, 
I Rectrices ten, much narrowed .. ll. SCHIZCEACA, p. 31. 
b. Tail short 12. PHLCEOCBYPTES, p. 33. 
B. Tail soft. 
c. Rectrices more or less lengthened and 
pointed. 
cf. Middle rectrices much lengthened. 13. LEPTASTHENUBA, p. 34, 
df. Middle rectrices not so much 

lengthened. 
J Bectrices 10 14. SYNALLAXIS, p, 37. 
I Rectrices 12 lo. SXPTORNIS, p. 58. 

d. Rectrices short and rounded 10. XENERPESIES, p. 73. 
9. OXYURUS. Type> 
Oxyurus, Sw. Zool, Joiirn, iii. p. 354 (1827) 0. spinicauda. 

This curious form is closely allied to Synallaxis in general structure, 
but differs in its peculiar tail, the stems of the twelve rectrices 
being rather stiffened, and having their denuded ends produced 
beyond the termination of the barbs. The genus is restricted to the 
Paiagonian Subregion. 

DENDROCOLAPTID-ffi. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. Smaller: bill shorter; middle rectrices fulvous. 1. spinicauda, p. 30. 
B. 
Larger: bill longer; middle rectrices partly 
blackish 2. masafuercB, p. 80. 
1. Oxyurus spinicauda. 
Motacilla spinicauda, Gm. S. K i. p. 978; Lath. G. K. vii. pi. 107. 
Motaeilla seticauda, Forst. Descr. An. p. 328. 
Oxyurus ornatus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 324. 
Oxyurus australis, Sw. N. H. Birds, ii. p. 313. 
Synallaxis tupinieri, Less. Yoy. Coq., Zool, pi. 29. fig. 1. 
Oxyurus spinicauda, Bp. Consp. i. p. 212 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 149 ; id. 


P. Z. S. 1867, p. 324 (Chili); Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 187 (Str. 
Magellan); iid. Nomencl. p. 62 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 433 ; Cab. et 
Reich. J.f.O. 1876, p. 323 (Str. Magellan) ; Solo. Cat. Strick. Coll, 
p. 334.^ 
Synallaxis spinicauda, Gay, Faun. ChiL, Aves, p. 292; Fraser, 
P. Z. S. 1843, p. 112 (Chili); Phihj>pi, An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 253. 
Above pale brown: head black, with broad superciliary stripes of 

pale fulvous over each eye; rump bright rufous ; "wings blackish, 

secondaries edged externally with white, and crossed at the base by 

a bright rufous band ; lateral rectrices rufous, crossed obliquely by 

a broad black band; central rectrices pale rufous; ends of all rec


trices denuded and slightly spiny : beneath white; flanks and cris


sum dusky; bill black, yellowish at the base; feet brown: whole 

length 6 inches, wing 2-4, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hab. Chili and Patagonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili (Philippi). 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Santiago, Chili {Let/hold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. g ad. sk. Chili (Let/bold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Chili (Peed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands. 
The Admiralty [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Port Eio Frio, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [0.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Straits of Magellan. The Admiralty [P.J. 
j. Ad. sk. Trinidad Channel, Magellan Straits. Dr. Coppinger [0.]. 
h. 2 ad. sk. Porto Bueno, Magellan Straits. i Challenger' Exped. 
I. <$ ad. sk. Port ChuiTincha, Magellan Straits. ' Challenger' Exped. 
m. § ad. sk. Port Otway, Magellan Straits. i Challenger' Exped. 
n. Ad. sk. Straits of Magellan. Burnett & Fitzroy 
[p.]. 
o} p. Ad. sk. Hermit Island, Tierra del Fuego. The Admiralty [P.]. 


2. Oxynrus masafuerae. 
Synallaxis masafuerse, Ph. et Landh. Wiegm. Arch. 1866, pt. i. p. 127; 
Philippi, An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 2o3. 
Oxyurus masafuera, Scl. Ibis, 1871, p. 180, pi. vii. fig. 2 (Masafuera); 
Peed, Ibis, 1874, p. 84 (Juan Fernandez): Salv, Ibis. 1875, pp. 370, 
376 (Masafuera). 

10 . STLTIORTEOEHYNOHUS.—11. SCHIZOEACA, 3 1 
Similar to 0. spiuicauda, but larger, bill longer: body beneath 
smoky greyish; edges of wing-foatkors pale rufous: whole length 
6-7 inches, wing 2-7, tail 3*2. Female like the male. 

Hah. Masafuera Island, near Juan Eernanclez. 

a-f. Ad, sk. Masafuera. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<j} h. Ad. sk. Masafuera. Sclator Coll. 

10. 
SYLYIOBTHOEHYNCHUS. 
Typo. 
Sylviorthorhynchus, JDes Murs, Icon. Orn. tab. 45 
(IW) S. desmursi. 
Schizura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 338 S. desmursi. 
This is one of the most remarkable forms of the family, its extraordinary 
tail reminding one of the Australian Stipitunis. This 
organ consists of six (?) stiffened and excessively narrowed rectrices, 
of which the two middle are nearly twice as long as the body, and 
the two external quite short, the two others being intermediate in 
length. This type is restricted to Southern Chili. The tarsi are 
long and slender. 

1. Sylviortkorhynckus desmursi 
Sylviortkorhynchus desmursi, Gay, Faun, ChiL, Aves, p. 316, Atl. 
t. 3 ; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. livr. viii. p. 6: Philippi, An. Univ. 
ChiL xxxi. p. 256; Scl. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 324 (Chili); Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 62. 
Schizura desmursi, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 26. 
Sylviorthorkynchus mahrroides, Des Murst Icon. Orn. t. 45; JBp. 
Consp. i. p. 213. 
Schizura maluroides, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 338. 

Above mouse-brown ; front rufous ; superciliaries white: beneath 
pale fulvous; tail of six rigid feathers, with very narrow decomposed 
barbs, middle pair much elongated, outer pair very short, 
second pair intermediate; bill and feet brown ; whole length 9 inches, 
wing 2, tail 6. 

Hah. Chili, prov. Yaldivia. 

a, b. <$ J ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll 

c. Ad. sk. Chili [Philippi). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Smyth's Channel, Patagonia. J. E. Harting, Esq. 
[P.]. 
11. SCHIZCEACA. Type> • 
Schlzoeaca, Cab. Jown. f. 0. 1873, p. 319 S. palpebrals. 

This genus is nearly allied to Bynallacois in general form, but 
readily recognizable by the peculiar structure of the tail-feathers, 
which are long, very thin, and slightly stiffened. Their webs are 

DENDROCOLAPTIDJE. 

much, narrowed and provided only with very short and incomplete 
barbules. The rectrices are 10 in number, the outer pair being very 
small. 

This form shows some resemblance to Sylviortlwrliynchus. It 
is found only in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Without a postocular stripe. 
a. Chin-spot white. 
j Above rufous-brown 1. fuliginosa, p. 32. 
I Above mouse-brown 2. griseo-murina, p. 32, 
b. Chin-spot rufous 3. palpebrals, p. 32. 
B. With a cinnamomeous postocular stripe .. 4. coryi, p. 33. 
1. Schizceaca fuliginosa. 
Synallaxis fuliginosa, Lafr. Rev. Zool, 1843, p. 290; Bp. Consp. 
i. p. 213 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 141, 1856, p. 26, 1859, p. 192 
(Colombia), et 1874, p. 16; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 63; Berl. et 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 95 (Ecuador). 
Above reddish brown; superciliaries and body beneath dark 
cinereous, paler in the middle of the belly; chin-spot white: whole 
length 6*8 inches, wing 2'b, tail 4. 

Eab. Colombia. 
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d, e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
h. Ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll. 

2. Schizceaca griseo-murina. 
Synallaxis griseo-muiina, Scl P. Z. S. 1882, p. 578, pi. xliii. fig 2(Ecuador). 
Above mouse-brown; line round the eye white: beneath cinereous, 
paler in the middle of the belly; chin-spot white; whole length 
7 inches, wing 2-6, tail 4*2. 
Hal. Ecuador. 
Closely allied to S. fuliginosa, but above mouse-brown and not 
reddish brown. 

a. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador ( Vittagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
3. Schizoeaca palpebralis. 
Schizceaca palpebralis, Cab, J.f. 0. 1873, p. 319 (Peru). 
Synallaxis palpebralis, Scl P. Z. S. 1874, p. 16 ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 


p. 63; Tacz. P. Z, S. 1874, p. 527 (C. Peru); id. Orn. F$r. ii. 
p. 130. 
12 . l>JII(E001t\TXES. 
m 

Closely allied to 8. fulvjinom, but with a white ring round the 
oyo and chin-spot rufous: whole length 7*2 inches, wing iM, 
tail 4*3. 

Ilab. Peru. 

4. ScMzoeaca coryi. 
Synallaxis coryi, Berl Auk, 1888, p. 458. 
Above deep brown, cap darker; superciliary stripe from above 
the eye to the sides of the neck cinnamon-rufous : beneath brownish 
grey ; throat and middle of belly paler, whitish grey; chin rufous, 

(v. 
Berl) 
Ilab. Mericla, Venezuela. 
Apparently distinguished by its cinnamon-rufous postocular stripe. 
12. 
PHLCEOCBYPTES. 
Tjpo. 
Phleocryptes, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 26 (1859) . P. melanops. 
In Phloeocryptes, on the other hand, the tail is short and broadened, 
but the stems of the rectrices are slightly stiffened. Otherwise the 
genus is closely allied to Synallaxis. This is likewise a form 
peculiar to the Patagonian Subregion. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Smaller: bill shorter; above lighter 1. melanops, p. 33. 
B. Larger: bill longer; above darker 2. schainobcenus, p, 34. 
1. Phlceocryptes melanops. 
Sylvia melanops, Vieill. Nouv. Diet xi. p. 232; id. Eric. Ileth. 
p. 434 (ex Azara). 
Synallaxis dorsomaculatus, Lafr. et dJOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 21; a^Orb. 
Voy. Ots. p. 237, pi. 14. rigs. 1, 2; ScL P. Z. S. 1850, p. 103 (Paraguay) 
; Burm. J.f. 0.1860, p. 250 (rep. AJ%.) ; Sternb. J. f. 0. 
18(30, p. 2G7 (Buenos Ayres). 

Oxyurus dorsomaculatus, Banc. Voy. 'Beagle,' Zool. iii. p. 82. 
Phleocryptes melanops, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. 20; ScL Cat. 

A. B. p. 150 • id. P. Z. S.18(30, p. 98 (Lima), et 1807, p. 324 (Chili); 
ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 03 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 520 (O. Peru); 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 116; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 35 (Ohupat), p. 179 
(Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 300 (0. Patagonia); White, P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 434 (rep. Arg.); Salv. Cat. Striekl. Coll. p. 334; Barrows, 
Bidl. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 200; Berl J.f 0.1887, p. 119 (Paraguay) 
; ScL et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 174. 
Synallaxis melanops, Bp. Conttp. i. p. 213; Bicrm, La-Plata llei&e, 

ii. p. 470; Gay, Faun. CML, Aves, p. 203; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1868, p. 140 (rep. Arg,). 
Above, forehead brown, crown blackish, broad supcrciliaries 
buffy white; upper half of back black, marked with a few grey 


VOL, xv.

DENDROCOIAL'TIDJE. 

stripes; lower back and ramp, also sides of head and neck, light 
brown ; wings blackish, mottled with light chestnut on the coverts, 
and a broad band of the same colour occupying the basal half of the 
wing-feathers; tail blackish, the two middle feathers brownish 
grey, the others slightly tipped with the same colour: beneath 
white, more or less tinged on the throat, flanks, and under tail-
coverts with pale brown ; under wing-coverts fulvous; bill and feet 
pale horn-colour: whole length 5-8 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*6. 
Female similar. 

Ilab. "Western Peru, Chili, Patagonia, Argentina, Uruguay, and 

Paraguay. 
a. Ad. st.
b. Ad, sk.
c. Ad. &k.
d. <S ad. sk. 
Maldonado, Uruguay. 
Maldonado, Uruguay. 
Punt a Lara, Buenos Ayres. 
Conchitas, Buenos Ayres 
Burnett & Fitzroy [P.]. 
Burnett & Fitzroy [P.]. 
H. Durnford [0.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
\ Ad. sk.
(Hudson). 
Buenos Ayres. 
Chili. 
Chili. 
Lima, Peru {Nation). 
Alan Peel [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

2. PMceocryptes schcenobseiius, 
Phleocryptes sehcenobaenus, Cab. et Hein. 3Ius. Hein. ii. p. 26. 
Like P. melanops, but larger ; bill longer; above darker; tips of 
rcctrices olive-brown; superciliaries cinereous: beneath whitish; 
throat more obscure. 

Bab. Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. 
Only known from a specimen in the Museum Heineanum, obtained 
at Lake Titicaca by Warcewicz. 

13. LEPTASIHEOTEA* 
TJpe. 

Leptasthenura, JReichenb. Handb. p, 1G0 (1853) ... . L. segithaloides. 

Bathmidura, Meichenb. ibid. p. 163 L. setaria. 

This genus is barely separable from some of the forms of Synallaxis, 
but has a small, short, straight beak, and the central tail-
feathers more pointed and produced than is usual in that group. 
Its range is from Patagonia and Chili along the Andes to Colombia, 

* Eefer also to:— 
(1) Synallaccis setaria, Temm. PL Col. 311.fig. 2 (Brazil). 
(2) & striolata, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 38 (Brazil). 
(3) 8. striata, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, i. p. 119 (Pern). 
(4) Leptasthenura fuscescens, Allen, Bull. A. M. N. JI. ii. p. 90 (Bolivia). 
(5) L. fuliginiceps boliviana, Allen, op. cit. p. 91 (Bolivia). 
VS. LEPTASTHTaNTNU. 35 
A. Tail not rufous. 
a. Breast uniformb. Breast btriped. 
Keg to the ^ecies. 
1. crgithaloiden, p. 85. 

) Cap black, with rufous shaft-stripes.... 2. andicola, p. 30. 
] Cap rufous 8. pileata, p. 80. 

B. Tail rufous 
4. fuliginieeps, p. 87. 
' 1. Leptasthenura segithaloid.es. 

Synallaxis segithaloi'des, KittL Vdg. Chili) p. 15, pi, 7 j Bttrm. La-
Plata Peise, ii. p. 409 ; Ita>m Zool Voi/.' Beagle/ iii. p. 79; d'OW>. 
Fo//. Ois. p. 248; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 112; % Consp. L 

p. 212; Gag, Faun. CMl, Aves, p. 280 ; Philippi, An. Univ. Chil, 
xxxi. p. 2-52; Scl P. Z. S. 1851), p. 198 (Chili); Burnt. J. f. 0. 
1800, p. 250 (rep. Arg.) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 985 (Peru) ; 
Huds. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 113 (Buenos Ayres), et 1872, p. 544 
(Patagonia). 
Synallaxis thelotii, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 99, 
Leptasthenura oegithaloides, Peichb. Ilandb. p. 100; Cab. et Hein. 
Mus. Bern. ii. p. 27; Scl P. Z. S. 1807, p. 324 (Chili), 1872, 

p. 548 (Patagonia), et 1880, p. 398 (N. Chili); id. Cat. A. P. 
p. 150 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 032 (rep. Arg.), et 1879, p. 620 
(Boliua) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 63; Bumf. 2bisr 1877, p. 180 (Buenos 
Ayres), et 1878, p. 39G (C. Patagonia); Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 30 
(Buenos Ayres), et 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay); White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 611 (rep. Arg.); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424 (Peru); Tacz. Orn. 
PS)-, ii. p. 120; Scl et Ends. Arg. Orn. i. p. 177. 
Leptasthenura 
platensis, Reiclierib, Ilandb. p. 160; Bert. J. f. 0. 
1887, p. 119 (Paraguay). 

Above pale earthy brown; crown black, striped with clear brown; 
lores, sides of head, and throat white, with minute black spots; 
wings blackish, the edges of the outer webs of the primaries and 
the basal part of the secondaries light rufescent brown ; tail black, 
lateral rcctrices tipped and margined with pale grey: beneath pale 
grey; throat white; bill and feet horn-colour: whole length &2 
inches, wing 2*4, tail 3*5. Female similar. 
Hab. Uruguay, Argentina, Chili, Patagonia, and S. Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay. H. Durnford [0.]. 
b, c. $ ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [C/]. 
d. 
$ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
e. Ad. sk. Parana, rep. Arg. (Bur- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
meister). 
f. 
<S ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wliite). 
g% $ ad.; h, i. Chupat, Patagonia. II. Durnford [0.]. 
Ad. sk. 
/. 
S ad. sk. Eio Negro, Patagonia (Hud- Sclater Coll. 
son). 

k. Ad. sk. Santa Cxuz, Patagonia. 0 Darwin [C.]. 
I, m. <$ 2 a(*-sk« Coqnimbo, Ghili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
D 2 

30 DEND140 CO L API1IDiES 
u, d ad. sir. Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Jr. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk. 
Chili (Heed). 
Chili (Brhhjes). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t. S ad. sk. 
Iquique, Peru (Rowland). 
Islay, S.W. Peru (WJntely). 
May, S.W. Peru ( Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

2. Leptasthenura andicola. 
Synallaxis fiammulata, Scl. Cat. A. B, p. 153 (partim). 
Leptasthenura andicola, Scl. P. Z. S. 1809, p. 036, pi. xlix. fig. 2 
(Ecuador) ; Scl. et Sal v. NomencL p. 03• Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 527 (C. Peru) ; id. Oni. Per. ii. p. 118; Sal v. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, 
p. 170 (Santa Marta) ; Tacz. et Perl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 94 (Ecuador). 
Above dark mouse-brown ; cap black with rufous shaft-stripes • 

•whole back flammtilated with white ; superciliaries and chin white; 
wings and tail unspotted, but external rectrices with whitish outer 
margins, and secondaries with a basal band of pale rufous on their 
inner webs : beneath paler ; breast and belly covered with numerous 
white shaft-spots; under wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill and feet 
black : whole length G-G inches, wing 2*9, tail 3*4. Female similar. 
Eab. Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

a. S ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b, c. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
e-h. S] hf- 
$ ad. Sierra Nevada of Santa 
sk. ' Marta, U. S. C. (Simons), 

h. Ad. sk. Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
3. Leptasthenura pileata. 
Leptasthenura pileata, 
Scl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 487 (Lima); Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 119. 

Above mouse-brown ; cap bright rufous ; sides of head and back 
covered with long white shaft-stripes, which have a slight fulvous 
tinge ; wings blackish, with a fulvous band at the base of the 
secondaries; wing-edgings slightly rufescent• tail black, with the 
tips of the outer rectrices pale cinereous: beneath cinereous, with 
white shaft-stripes, more distinct on the throat and breast; under 
wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill and feet black: whole length 6*3 
inches, wing 2*2, fail 3*7. 

Hah. Andes of Lima, Peru. 

This is a near ally of L. andicola, but easily distinguished by its 
rufous head, smaller size, and the fulvous band at the base of the 
remiges. 

a. Ad. sk, Andes of Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
14 . 
8YNA.LLAXIS. iJ7 
4. Leptastlxemira faliginiceps. 
Synallaxis fuliffiuicops, Lafr. et d'Orb.fiipi. i. p. 23 j tfO/;. n>y. Ofo 
p. 342, pi. 17. %. 1 ; Up. Camp. i. p. 212; yywm. La-Plata lime, 
ii. p. 4(50; w*. /./ . 0. 1800, p. ii/30 (rep. Arg.). 
Leptastlienura pavanonais, A'c/. P.Z. & 18(51, p. X77 (rep. Arg,). 
Leptasthenura fuliginicops, fid. et fiah. KomencL p. (53; &/. /'. /. A', 
1879, p. 020 (Bolivia) ; White, 1\ Z. & 1882, p. Oil (rep. Artf.); 
8cl et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 177 \ Ikrl. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 1.12 
(Paraguay). 

Above palo earthy brown; forehead and slightly crested crown 
rufous-brown; wings blackish, edges of outer webs of all the wing-
feathers and 'basal part of the secondaries chestnut; tail chest nut-
brown : beneath paler, of a uniform smoky brown; bill and feet 
horn-colour: whole length (> inches, wing 2-2, tail 3*1. 


Hal. Bolivia and N. Argentina. 

a. Ad. sk. Parana, rep. Arg. (Burmeister). Selater Coll. 
b. Ad.sk. Parana, rep. Arg. (Burmeister.) Salvin-Uodman Coll. 
c. cJad.sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupf), Salvin-Codman Coll. 
d. 
J ad, sk. Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca, Salvin-Godmaii Coll. 
rep. Arg. (White). 
<?,/. 
Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia {Buck- Salvin-Godman Cull. 
let/). 


g. Ad. sk. Int. of Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll. 
14. SYHALLAXIS*. 
Synallaxis, Vieill. A7". Diet d'Hist K xxxii. p. 309 Typo. 

(1819) S. rnjieapilla. 
Anabates, Temm. Man. dOrn. i. p. Ixxxii (1820) .. S. guianensis. 
Parulus, 8])ti, Av. Bras. i. p. 85 (1824) S. «pm. 
Leptoxyura, Refclienh. Ilandb. d. sp. Orn. p. 170 (1853) 8. ruiieauda. 
Moianopareia, Meichenb. op. cit. p. 104 (1853) S. maximiliani. 

The area occupied by this genus is nearly that of the whole Neotropical 
Begion from Southern Mexico to the Argentine Republic, 
In Mexico and Central America generally but one species is found, 
S* erythrothoraw. It is not until we arrive at Costa Kica and 
Yeragua that we meet with others, 8. albescens and /Sf. eri/throps, 
intruders from the South, and ft. rujif/euis, an apparently endemic 
species. In the Colombian and Peruvian Andes tfynalhtd'is appears 

* The following species referred to this genus are unknown to me:— 
1. Synallaxis letuacephahs, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. i. p. 24 ; d'Orb. Voy.,Ois. 
p. 244 ; Sel. P.Z. S. 1874, p. 2t>. (Patagonia, no specimens obtained.) 
2. Synallaxis troylodytoides, d'Orb. Voy. Ow. p. 238; Scl. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 27. (Patagonia.) 
3 fii/nallaxis striata, Ph. et Lanclb. "Wiegm. Arch. 1803, i. p. 119; Scl. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 27. (Peru.) 
4. 
Sunalhms tith/s, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 323; id. Orn. Per. u. p. 129; 
"Scl. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 579. (Peru.) 
5. Synallam griseiventm, Allen, Bull Am. Mus. N. II. ii. p. 01. (Bolivia.) 
DENDR0C0LAPTID.2B. 

to attain its greatest development, as many as fourteen species 
occurring in Colombia, and ten or more in Peru. In Guiana, Amazonia, 
Brazil, and eastern South America generally they are more 
thinly scattered, each district only showing about half that number 
of endemic species. 


This numerous genus I propose to divide into seven sections for 
easier manipulation, as follows :— 


Sect. 
I. Cap, wings externally, and tail rufous, p. 38. 

II. Cap and wings externally rufous; tail brown, p. 42. 
III. Cap brown; wings externally and tail rufous, p. 46. 
[V. Above nearly uniform rufous or chestnut, p. 50. 
V. "With a well-defined pectoral band, p. 56. 
VI. Tail much lengthened; back striated; throat yellow, 
p. 57. 
YII. Tail short, blackish; bill thickened, p. 57. 
The species of Synallaxis are distributed over the Neotropical 
Eegion from Mexico to Northern Argentina, but are most abundant 
in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 


SECT. I. Cap, wings externally, and tail rufous. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Tail longer, light rufous. 
a. Front rufous like the cap 1. ruficapitta, p. 38. 
b. Front brown, distinct from cap. 
a'. Belly cinereous 2. jpoliqpJirys, p. 30. 
6'. Belly white. 
I Superciliaries indistinct ... . 3. frontalis, p. 39. 
j Superciliaries distinct 4. superciliosa, p. 41. 

B. 
Tail shorter, dark rufous. 
Front brown, distinct from cap 5. mcesta, p. 41. 
I: Front uniform with cap 6. brunnekauda, p. 41. 
1. Synallaxis nrricapilla. 
Synallaxis ruflcapilla, Vieill. JS7ouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 310 (1819); id JBnc 
Mtth. p. 622; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 284, pi. 174; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856* 

p. 07 (Brazil), 1859, p. 192, et 1874, p. 7; id. Cat. A. B. p. 150Burm. 
Byst. Ueb. iii. p. 38; JPelzeln, Sitz. Akad. Wien, xxxiv. 
p. 116; id. Orn. Bras. p. 35; ScL et Safo. Komencl. p. 63; Berl, 
J. f. O. 1873, p. 252 (S. Brazil), 
jf Sphenura rurlceps, Lichh Dotibl p; 42. *** \r^^S^2f^: 
Ifr Synallaxis cinereus, Max. Beiir. iii. p. 685. ' ' 
Synallaxis olivascens, JSyton, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 159. 

Above brown; front, cap, wings, and tail bright rufous • slight 
stripe behind the eye yellowish : beneath cinereous, flanks and 
crissum brownish; under wing-coverts pale fulvous: whole length 
6 inches, wing 2-2, tail 3. 

Sab. S.E. Brazil. 

14. SYNALLAXIS. 
The iruo Synallaxis mjkapilla of Vicillot is confined to Iho 

southern pari of the wood-region of 8.E. .Brazil, It is easily dis


tinguishablo from, its congeners by the extension of the rufous head 

over the front, and the slight yellowish stripe behind the eye, 

which separates the rufous cap from the dark cinereous sides of the 

head. 

 have examined the typical specimens of JS. olivascens in Mr. 
Eyton's collection. They belong to this species, 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil 
J. Gould, Esq, 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. CiaiKsen [P.]. 
e. 
$ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil {Joyner). 
d. Ad. sk. Santa Caiharina, Brazil Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
e. J ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Ooll 
/; g. Ad. sk. Brazil ' Eyton Coll. (rUyJMSS 
of 8. olivasccHb, K\ton.) 
h, i, k, I. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll 


m. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Iilaq_. 
n. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
lliocour Coll. 
2. Synallaxis polioplirys. 
Synallaxis poliophrys, Cab. J.f. 0. 1800, p. 307. 
Synallaxis demissa, 8ah. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 449 (Brit. Guiana); 
8alv. Iks, 1885, p. 420 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above brown; narrow front brownish ; cap, wings, and tail 

bright rufous; superciliaries whitish: beneath grey, crissum and 

flanks brownish : throat slightly speckled with white: wholo length 

5*5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hab. British Guiana. 

a. S ^d.; b, c, Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
d. $ ad. sk. (Whitely). (Types of 8. demissa.) 
e,f. <$ $ ad. sk, Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll 
{Whitely). 

3. Synallaxis frontalis. 
Synallaxis frontalis, Pet. Sitz. Ah Wien, xxxiv. p. 117 (1850); id. 
Orn. Bras, p. 35; Peinh. Fia/lef. Bras. Camp. p. 194 ; 8el P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 8; Tact. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 527 (C. Peru), et 1879, p. 230 

(N. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 122; Sol et tialv. Komentl p. (53; 
iid. P. Z. S. Ib79, p. 520 (Antiocpua), p. 020 (Bolivia); 8ah\ Ibis}
1880, p. 358 (Buenos Avres); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 340 (MR 
Brazil); White, P. Z. 8? 1882, p. Oil (rep. Arg,); Berl et Tacz. 
P. Z. S.1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 94 (W. Ecuador); Berl J.f. 0. 
1887, pp. 14, 119 (Paraguay); 8el. et Muds. Arg. Orn. L 
p. 178. 
Synallaxis ruficapilla, tfOrb. Voy. Ois. p. 240; Burm. La-Plata 
Peise, ii. p. 468 ; Banc. Zool 'Beagle] iii. p. 79; Cab. in Schomb 
Guian. iii. p. 089. 
Synallaxis azarro, d'Orb. Voy. Ois. p. 240 (?). 
Parulus raficeps $, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 85, t. 80. fig. 2. 


DENBROCOLAPTIDJ3. 

Synallaxis elegans, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 25, 08, et 1859, 
pp. 141, 19:2 (nee Lesson) ; Pebeln, Site. Akatl Wien, xxxiv. 

p. 117. 
Synallaxis ?, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 553. 
Synallaxis elegantior, Sclater, Cat. A. B. p. 151 (1862). 
Synallaxis fmticicola, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 670, 1880, p. 200, et 
1882, p. 26 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 123 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1882, 

p. 579; Perl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 560 (W. Ecuador). 
Above brown ; front brown ; cap, wings, and tail bright rafotis : 
beneath cinereous, middle of belly white; crissum and flanks tinged 
with rufous: whole length 6 inches, wing 2'2^ tail 3-2. Female 
similar. 

Hah. South America, from Colombia to Argentina. 

After examining a large number of specimens of this form from 
different localities, I have come to the conclusion to unite them 
under v. Pelzeln's appropriate name. My term elegans was the 
first given, founded upon Bogota skins, but it was changed to 
elegantior in 1862, on account of there being a Synallaxis elegans of 
Lesson. In the meantime, however, v. Pelzeln had bestowed the 
term frontalis upon Brazilian specimens. 

Amongst the skins from the Jar din des PI antes which I have 
examined, I find one of d'Orbigny's (Valle Grande, 1834), agreeing 
sufficiently well with the characters assigned to his 8. azarce. The 
differences are, however, in my opinion hardly sufficient to warrant 
specific distinction from the present species. 

a. Ad.; b. Jr. sk. Interior of Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of 8. elegans and 8. elegantior*, Scl.) 
d, e. Jr. sk.
/ . Ad.; g. Jr. sk.
h. Ad.; i,j. Jr. sk.
h. (S ad. sk.
I $ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Retiro, Antioquia, U. S. C.
(Salmon). 
Santa Elena, U. S. C. {SalSclater 
Coll. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
?no?i). 
m. Ad.; n. Jr. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk. 
Santa Elena, U. S. C. 
Vicinity ofPasto, Ecuador(Lehnann). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador(Fraser). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador. 
Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). 
T. K Salmon [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
L. Fraser [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 

s. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
u. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (V%1- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lagomez). 
w. Jr.sk. Mongi, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
cc. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y, $ ad. sk. Cayandeled, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 
(Stofamann). 
(Authentic specimen of 8. fmticicola.) 

14 . 8YNAT,L\XIS. 
z, a'. Ad. sk. llanmsani, Bolivia (Buck" Salvin-Godman (loll. 

b\ Ad.; c'. Jr. st. Bolivia. T. Brides [0.]. 
d'. (S ad.; e'-hK $ Cliapada, TVrntto Grosso, Salvin-(lodnniu Coll. 
ad.; i',f. Ad. sk. Jiolivia (//. 21 Smith), 
k'. $ ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(A uthontic specimens.) 

Z\ <$ ad. sk.
m', nf . Ad. sk. 
Hio Olaro, Goyaz, Brazil(Joyner), 
Baliia, Brazil. 
Salvin-G oilman Coll. 
Sclater Ooll. 
o'-q'. Ad. sk.
r'. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Salta, Arg. Rep. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
II. Damford [0.]. 

4. Synallaxis superciliosa. 
Synallaxis superciliosa, 
Cab. J.f. 0.188,% p. 110; Scl ct Ilmh. Arg. 
Orn. i. p. 178. 

Above brown ; front brown ; lores whitish; long superciliary 
stripe yellowish ; cap, wing's, and tail bright rufous : beneath ashy 
brown, middle of throat and middle of belly white; under wing-
coverts pale fulvous : whole length 7 inches, wing 2*2, tail 4. 

Ilab. Tucuman, rep. Arg. 
This is a long-tailed species, nearly allied to 5. frontalis, but 
perhaps distinct. 

a. S ad. sk. Tucuman (Sclndz). Sclater Coll. 
6. $ ad. sk. Tucuman (Schufo). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
(Authentic specimens.) 

5. Synallaxis moesta. 
Synallaxis moesta, Scl P. Z. S. 1850, p. 20 (Bogota), l«50,p. 19tt 
(Colombia), et 1874, p. 8; id. Cat. A. II p. 152; Scl. et Strto. 
Nomencl. p. 03. 

Synallaxis brachyura, Zafr. JR. Z. 1843, p. 200; Sol P. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 141,1874, p. 20 (Bogota) (?). 
Above brownish cinereous; front dark cinereous; cap, wings, and 
tail chestnut-brown: beneath dark cinereous; flanks and crissum 
tinged with brownish; bill and feet strong; tail short and broad: 
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-8. 

Ilab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Jr. sk. Interior of Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of & mcesta.) 
c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6, Synallaxis brunneicauda, 

Synallaxis ruficapilla, JekJd, 318, 
Synallaxis brunneicaudalis, Scl. P. Z, 8.1858, p. 62 (Rio Napo); id. 
Cat A. B. p. 152. 
Synallaxis brunneicauda, Scl P. Z. 8, 1858, p. 457 (Ecuador), 1859, 

4 2 
IOTDROCOLiPTIDJS. 

p. 192 (Ecuador), et 1874, p. 8; Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 527 (C. 
Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 124; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 419 (Brit. 
Guian.). 
Above brownish cinereous ; front, cap, and wings externally 
chestnut-red; tail brownish rufous : beneath dark cinereous; flanks 
and crissum more brownish; bill strong; feet thick; tail rather 
short: whole length 6 inches, wing 2'4, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. Amazonia and British Guiana. 

a. Jr. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
b, c.<$ $ ad.; Koraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S jr.; e,f. ( Whitely). 
$ jr. sk. 
g,h. 
$ ad. j i. Roraima, British Guiana Sclater Coll. 
J ad.;y.c? (WMtehj). 
jr. sk. 

SECT. II. Cap and wing-coverts bright rufous; tail brown like 
the back. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Front red like the cap 
7. spixi, p. 42. 
B. 
Front cinereous or brown, different from 
the cap. 
a. Under surface mainly white 8. albescens, p. 43. 
b. Under surface mainly cinereous. 
a!. Beneath pale cinereous. 
j Tail short, broad 9. hypospodia, p. 44. 
| Tail elongated 10. subpudica, p. 45. 

V. Beneath dark cinereous 11. pudica, p. 45. 
7. Synallaxis spixi. 
Parulus ruh'ceps, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 85, pi. 86. fig. 1. 
Synallaxis ruficapilla, Beichb. Handb. p. 158. 
Synallaxis spixi, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 98 (Brazil), 1859, pp. 192, 


190 (Brazil), et 1874, p. 9; id. Cat. A. B. p. 151; Pelzeln, Sitz. 
Akad. Wien, xxxiv. p. 117 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 35; Bebih. FugJef. 
Bras. Camp. p. 193 ; Burm. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 036 (rep. Arg.) ; Set. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 632 (rep. Arg.); iid. Nomencl. p. 63; 
Berl. J. /. 0. 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay) ,* Scl et Huds. Arg. Orn. 

i. p. 179. 
Synallaxis albescens, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 39; Cab. et Hein. Mus. 
Ilein. ii. p. 27. 

Above mouse-brown; front, cap, and external margins of wing-
coverts bright rufous: tail like the back : beneath cinereous, middle 
of belly paler; flanks and crissum brownish: whole length 6-o 
inches, wing 2*1, tail 3*5. 

Hab. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia, and N". Argentina. 

This species is distinguished from all the rest of this section by 
the red cap being extended over the front. It appears to be the 
bird figured by Spix as the male of his Parulus rufioeps. 

14 . SYNALLAXIS. 43 
a. Ad. at.
b. Ad. sk. 
Para (?). 
Brazil. 
R. (fraluim [l\]. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad.sk.
<2. <5* ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Paysandu, Uruguay. 
Maldonado, Uruguay.
(Typo of the speci 
Sclater Coll, 
Alan I'eel [0.]. 
Burnett & Eitzroy 
es.) 
/ . <$ ad. sk.
g. S acl. sk.
h, i. Ad. sk. 
Conchitas, Buenos Ayros (Hu80)l). 
La Concha, Buenos Ayros. 
Bolivia {Bridges), *
r CodSclate
SclateSclater Coll. 
II. Durnford [0.]. 
Eyton Coll. 

8. Synallaxis albescens, 
Synallaxis albescens, Temm, PL Col. 227. Jig. 2 (Brazil); Scl. P. Z. S. 
1850, p. 192, et 1874, p. 0; id. Cat. A. IS. p. 151 ; 8alv. P. Z. S. 
18(37, p. 143 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 410 (Brit. Guiana) j 8cl 
et 8alu. P. Z. S. 18(38, p. 141 <rep. Arg.), et 1870, p. 52i (Antioquia); 
iid. Nomend. p. 03; Eider, J.f. 0. 18(38, p. 180 (Brazil); 
Muds. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 113 (Buenos Ayres) ; Pefc. 8itz. Ahtd. 
Wien, xxxiv. p. 118; id. Orn. Br.\). 3(3; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 180, 
et 1878, p. 01 (Buenos Ayres); Forbes, lbis,*lS8l, p. 340 (N.E. 
Brazil); Inez. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 25 (N.E. Peru); id. Dm. Per. ii. 


p. 125; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. OIL (rep. Arg.); JSerl. J.f.O. 
1884, p. 306 (Bncaramanga), et 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay); 8cl. et 
Huds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 170. 
Synallaxis aibig-ularis, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 03, 450, et 1859, p. 192 
(Ecuador); id. Cat A. B. p. 151: Scl. et 8alv. P. Z. S. 1800, 

p. 183 (Ueavali), 1808, p. 107 (Venezuela), 1809, p. 252 (Venezuela), 
p. 598 (Peru), et 1873, p. 209 (E. Peru). 
Dasyornis brunneus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 150. 

Above mouse-brown.; front brown ; cap and external edgings of 
wing-coverts rufous; tail brown: beneath pale cinereous, throat 
and middle of belly white; flanks and crissum brownish: whole 
longth 6 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hab. Veragua and South America down to Buenos Ayres. 

Of this Syntdluceis I was for some time inclined to recognize two 
forms, a northern (8. albigularis) and a southern representative (8. 
albescens). Further investigation, however, has convinced me that 
it is better to reunite these, and to regard the whole as belonging 
to one rather variable species. 

a. $ ad. sk. Santa Fe", Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Goclman Coll, 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Jr. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Jr. st. Bogota. Purchased. 
e-h. Ad. sk. Medelliu, Antioquia, U. S. C. T. K. Salmon [C.]. 
*. $ ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
j. Jr. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Eraser [O.]. 
k. Jr. sk. Ecuador {Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I $ 
ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 

u DENDE0C0LAPTID2E. 
m. $ ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goeriny). Sclater Coll. 

o. Ad. sk. Trinidad. 
p. c?ad.j y,r. $ Koraima, British Guiana 
ad. 5 5. J jr. sk. (Whitely). 
£. c? ad. sk. Iioraima, British Guiana 

(Whitely). 

w, £>. c? S ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit, Guiana 

«?. Ad. j #. Jr. st. 

y. Ad. sk. 
k c? ad. sk. 
«'. Ad. sk. 

V. Ad. sk. 
c'. Ad. sk. 
d'. $ ad. sk. 
e',f. Ad. sk. 
/,/>'. Ad. j 
i''. Jr. sk. 

f. (S ad. sk. 
V. Jr. sk. 
V. S ad. sk. 
m'. $ jr. sk. 
w'. J ad. sk. 
o'. § ad. sk. 

p'. Jr. sk. 

<f. Jr.sk. 
r'. Ad. St. 

(Whitely). 
Paia, Lower Amazons. 


Peruvian Amazons. 
Nauta, Peruvian Amazons 


{JBcD-tlett). 

Nauta, Peruvian Amazons. 
Pebas, Peru (Hauiwell). 
Pebas, Peru (Hauviuell). 
Yquitos, U. Amazons 

( Whitely). 
Sarayacu, Peru (Whitely). 
Bolivia. 

Lagoa Santa, Brazil (Lund). 
Brazil. 
Buenos Ayres (Hudson). 
Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. 
La Plata, Buenos Avres 


{White). 
Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weissliaupt). 


S. America. 
S. America. 
(Type 
Bolivia. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

It. Graham, Esq. 
[P.]. 

E. Bortlett [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
E. Bartlett [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

T. Bridges [0.]. 
Sclater Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
H.Durnford[C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
of Dasyornis hnmneus.) 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
9. Synallaxis hypospo&ia. 
Synallaxis hypospodia, 8cl. P. Z. S.1874, p. 10; 8cl. et 8alv. Nomencl. 

p. G3. 
Above mouse-brown ; front brown ; cap and outer edgings of 
wing-coverts bright rufous: beneath pale cinereous, tips of throat-
feathers white ; centre of belly whitish ; tail-feathers broad, brown, 
darker towards the extremities; whole length 5*7 inches, wing 2-2, 
tail 3. Female similar. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

This form is common in collections from Bahia, but cannot be 
referred to any described species. Prom 8. albescens it differs in 
the ashy plumage below, and from 8. subjpurliea in its shorter and 
broader tail-feathers. 8, jpudica is nearly uniform dark cinereous 
below, and has more extended red on the outer wings. 

14 . SYNALLAXIS. J6 
a, b, G. Ad. sk.
d Ad. sk,
e. Ad. sk 
Bahia, Brazil ( Wuchoror). 
Bahia, Brazil (Berlepsch). 
Brazil. 
Salving oilman (Joll, 
Sclater (Joll. 
Sclater (Joll. 
/ , #. Ad. sk. Brazil.
(Type of the species.) 
Sclater Coll 

10. Synallaxis subpudica. 
Synallaxis subpudica, Sol P. Z. S. 1874, p. 10: Sol et Salt), Nomencl 
p. 63. 
Above mouse-brown; front brown; cap and outer margins of 
wing-covorts and primaries bright rufous: beneatli pale cinereous ; 
tips of throat-feathors silvery white ; middle of belly whitish; Hanks 
and crissum brownish: whole length 0*5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 4.*$. 

llab. Colombia. 

I 
was at one time inclined to refer this form to the young of 

S. pudica, but cannot satisfy myself that this would be correct-. The 
distinguishing feature of the species is the long tail (measuring from 
4 to 4*4) and the narrowness of the rectrices. The colour below is 
not uniform dark cinereous as in 8. padica, but more nearly resembles 
that of 8. liypospodia, being pale cinereous, with the throat-feathers 
dark at their bases and silvery white at their tips, and the middle 
of the belly nearly white. 
«, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Acl. j g. Jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Bridges). Eyton Coll. 
11. Synallaxis pudica. 
Synallaxis 
braehyura, Lafr. Bev. Zool 1843, p. 200; Scl P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 141, 1874, p. 20; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 322 (P). 
Synallaxis pudica, Sol P. Z. S, 1851), p. 191 (Colombia), 1800, pp. 88, 

278.294 (Ecuador), et 1874, p. 10; id. Cat A. B. p. 151; id. Ibis, 
1873, p. 373 (Nicaragua); Scl el Sab. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 354 
(Pauama), et 1879, p. 521 (Antioquia); iid, Nomencl. p. 03; Bouc. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 59 (Costa Rica); Bed, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 500,1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 94 ( W. Ecuador) ; Ridgw. Proc, U. 
S. N. M. vi. p. 440 (Nicaragua). 
Synallaxis brunneicaudalis, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 319 
(Colombia). 
Synallaxis nigrifumosa, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. viii. p. 180, et ix. 

p. 105 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 143; id. Ibis, 1870, 
p. 110; Fronts. J.f.O. 1809, p. 304 (Costa Rica). 
Above mouse-brown; front dark cinereous; cap and wings externally, 
except the wing-end, bright rufous; tail brown: beneath 
dark cinereous : whole length 6*7 inches, wing 2*2, tail 3*3. Female 
similar. 

Hub. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

BENDROCOLArTIDiE. 

I originally established this species on a Eogota skin, from which 
Eraser's Ecuador specimens will hardly hear separation. The Panama 
and northern skins (S. nigrifumosa, Lawr.) are generally rather 
darker and more uniform beneath. 

a. Ad. sk. Ckontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. c? ad. sk. Peje, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, k $ ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Pan am a (McLeann an). 

i. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeamian), Sclater Coll. 
k, I. Ad. sk. Balzar Moutains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Illingioorth). 

m. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 
n. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 
o. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq, 
p. $ ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
q, r. $ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. Guyaquil, Ecuador. G. Barclay [C.]„ 
s, t. $ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, TJ. S. C. Salvin-Go*dman Coll. 
(Salmon*), 
u, v. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
to. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 

of the species.) 
x, y. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 


SECT. III. Cap brown; wings externally and tail rufous. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Without a black pectoral spot. 
a. Head not crested, darker. 
af. Breast not spotted. 
a". 
Throat white. 
J Belly brown, whitish in the middle. 12. gidanensis, p. 46. 
j Belly cinnamomeous 13. albilora, p. 47. 

V. 
Throat cinereous, with white tips to 
the feathers. 
af//. Belly uniform cinereous. 
I Back dark brown 14. cinerascens, p. 48. 
| Back reddish brown 15. maranonica, p. 48. 

V". Belly white in the middle 10. propinqua, p. 48. 

V. Breast spotted 
17. stictotlwrar, p. 49. 
b. Head slightly crested, lighter** 18. semicinerea, p. 49. 
B. 
"With a black pectoral spot. 
(Back chestnut-red 19. scictata, p. 49. 
(Back brown 20. wMtii, p. 50. 
12. Synallaxis guianensis. 
Rouge-queue de Cayenne, Daub. PI JEnl. 686. fig. 2. 
Motacilla guianensis, Gm. S. N, i. p. 988. 


14 . STKALLAXIH. 
4 7 
Synallaxis guianensis, Cab. et Ilein. Mits. Ilein. ii. p. 27; Zai/arfl, 
Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para); Sel. el Salv. Nomenvl. p. 03 j /SW. />/#. 6'. 
1874, p. 11 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 411) (Brit. Guian.). 

Sphenura cinnamomea, Licht. Doubt, p. 42. 
Synallaxis inornata, Pel*. Sitt. Akad. lllen, xx. p. 1(51, et xxxiv. 


p. 120; id. Orn. Br. p. 36 ; Sel. P. Z. S. 1851), p. 104 (N. Brazil). 
Above brown; wings externally and tail rufous: beneath much 
paler: throat and middle of belly whitish: whole length 0 inches, 
wing 2*3, tail 3. Female similar. 

Ilab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Colombia. 

There can, I think, be little doubt that this bird is the '* Rouge-
queue de Cayenne" of BufTon, and therefore the true type of 
Temminck's genus Anabates, as has been shown by Cabanis and 
Heine. I have examined the specimens in the Berlin Museum (from 
Para and Cayenne) marked Sylvia (serins 8j>lienura) cinnamomea. 
I have also before me a typical example of Pelzoln's Synallaais 
inornata, which I think cannot be distinguished from other skins 
from Para, Cayenne, and Bogota. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil (?). 
Purchased. 
b. c. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
d, e. Ad. sk. Surinam (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
/ . J ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. § ad. sk. Para \JLayard). Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Para. 
Eyton Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen of 8. inornata?) 
j. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
'k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
13* Synallaxis albilora, 

Synallaxis albilora, Peh. Sitz, AJead. Wien, xx. p. 100, et xxxiv. p. 120; 
id. Orn. Br. p. 37 j Scl P. Z. S.1850, p. 193 (Brazil), et 1874, p. 11; 
Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 63; Berl J.f. 0.1887, p. 119 (Paraguay). 

Synallaxis modesta, Natt. MS. 

Above brown; wings externally and tail bright rufous: beneath 
cinnamomeons, paler on the middle of the belly; throat white; 
lores whitish: whole length 6 inches, wing 2"4, tail 3. 

Hah. Interior of Brazil. 

This species is very closely allied to S. guianensis. The white 
lores are not a sufficient distinction, as they are quite as white in 
some specimens of the latter. But the body below is cinnamomeous 
in the present bird, and it is possible that the two species may be 
really distinct. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [O.]. 
DENDK0C0LAPTID2E. 

14. Synallaxis cinerascens. 
Synallaxis cinerascens, Temm. PL Col. 227. fig. 3 (Brazil); Scl. 
P. Z. S. 1850, p. 194 (Brazil), et 1874, p. 11; Pels. Orn. Bras. 
p. 80 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 63. 
Above mouse-brown, somewhat rufescent on the lower back; 

wings externally and tail dark rufous: beneath cinereous, flanks 

and crissum brownish; throat-feathers slightly tipped with white : 

whole length 5*1 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2*6. 

Ilab. S.E. Brazil. 

This is rather a small and weakly formed species ; distinguishable 

from its allies by its nearly uniform cinereous colour beneath. 

a. cJ ad. sk. 
Eio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Jliering). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. 
Sao Paulo, Brazil (batterer). Sclater Coll. 
15. Synallaxis maranonica, 
Synallaxis maranonica, 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 230 (N. Peru); id. 
Om. Per. ii. p. 130; Scl P. Z. S. 1882, p. 579. 

" Head and nape brownish grey ; superciliaries paler, indistinct: 

back rufescent brown: beneath grey, flanks brownish ; wings bright 

cinnamon, tail darker " (Tacz.). 

Hob, Northern 
Peru. 

Stated to be nearly allied to S. cinerascens^ but to be distinguishable 

by the colour of the back. 

16. Synallaxis propinqua. 
Synallaxis propinqua, Peh. Sitz. Ah. Wien, xxxiv. p. 101; id. Orn. 
Bras. p. 37; Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. G3; Sol P. Z. S. 1874, p. 12; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 126. 

Synallaxis terricolor, 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 183 (Ucayali), 
et 1873, p. 269 (E. Peru). 
Anabates pulvericolor, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 62 (ex MS. Lafr.) ? 

Above mouse-brown ; wings externally and tail dark rufous : 

beneath greyish brown, middle of belly white; throat-feathers grey 

tipped with wThite; bill rather lengthened; feet strong: whole 

length 6 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2'8. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 

a, b. J ad.; Yquitos, Peru (Wliitely). Sclater Coll. 

c. $ jr. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru. H. Whitely [C.]. 
e}f. tf $ ad.sk. Yquitos, Peru (Wliitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 
Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali, Peruv. Amazons Sclater Coll. ^ 
(Bartlett). | Types 
h. Ad.sk. Upper Ucayali, Peruv. Amazons. E. BartIett[C.]. [ of S. 
i. 
$ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman f terri(
Bartlett). Coll. | color, 
j. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali, Peruv. Amazons. E. Bartlett[C.].J 
7»;.Ad.sk. Bio Napo (WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
14 . SYNALLAXIS. •10 
17. Synallaxis stictotliorax. 
Synallaxis stictothorax, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. ]01 (Ecuador), ot 
1874, p. 12, pi. ii. % I; Sal et Sah\ Nomencl p. 08; Tacz. P. 7, S. 
1877, pp. 323, 751 (Pcm), et 1870, p. 231 (N. Pom); ?>/. 0™. 
Per. ii. p. 120 ; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 500 (W. Ecuador). 

Synallaxis maculata, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. NY. x, p. 180 (1872): Scdi\ 
i&«, 1874, p. 324. * 

Above mouse-brown, rump rufous; suporciliarios wliito; wings 
blackish, external margins of wing-coverts rufous; tail blackish, 
outer pair of reefcricos and outer margins of the others rufous: 
beneath white, flanks andcrissum cinnamomoous; sides of neck and 
breast marked with triangular blackish spots: whole length 4'8 
inches, wing 2, tail 2-3. 

Hab. "Western Ecuador. 

The spotted breast at once distinguishes this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Guyaquil. IT. Barclay [0.]. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sir. Guyaquil (BSmy). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Guyaquil (Jameson). Jardine Coll. 
d. Ad.sk. Puna Island, Ecuador (Villagomez). Sal vin-Godman Coll. 
13. Synallaxis semicinerea. 
Leptoxyura semicinerea, lleichb. Ilandb. d. sp. Orn. p. 170, t. dxxi. 

rig. 3610 (1853). 

Synallaxis caniceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 98, et 1850, p. 104 (Brazil). 

Synallaxis semicinerea, Scl P. Z. S. 1874, p. 12; Scl et Salv. No-

mend p. G3; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 020 (Bolivia;. 

Above chestnut-red; head slightly crested, feathers narrowed; 
head and neck pale cinereous; tail uniform bright chestnut: 
beneath milky white with, a cinereous tinge; bill and feet yellowish: 
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2*4. 

Hab. Brazil and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Eyton Coll (Type 
of 8. caniceps.) 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
19. Synallaxis scutata. 
Synallaxis scutata, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 191 (Brazil), 1874, p. 13, 
pi. ii. fig. 2; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 03. 

Above, head mouse-brown, back, wings, and tail bright rufous; 
superciliaries whitish: beneath pale cinnamomeous, white in the 
middle of the belly; large cervical spot black: whole length 5*7 
inches, wing 2-2, tail 2*7. 

Hab. Southern Brazil. 


VOL. xv.

BEKDEOCOLAPTID^l. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Museum. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c. d. 
<$ ad.; e. g Cbapada,Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (II. II Smith). 
20. Synallaxis wMtii. 
Synallaxis 
whitii, Scl. Ibis, 1881, p. 600, pi. xvii. fig. 2 (rep. Arg.); 
id. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 579; mite, P. Z. S. 3882, p. Gil (rep. Arg.); 
Scl. et Iluds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 181. 

Above dark brown, lores and superciliaries white; wings externally 
and tail rusty rufous : beneath cinnamomeous, paler in the 
middle of the belly; large cervical spot black: whole length 5*7 
inches, wing 2*5, tail 2*6. 

Eab. Prov. Salta, rep. Arg. 

Allied to S. scutata, but larger, and the back not chestnut. 

SECT. IY. Above nearly uniform rufous or chestnut. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Body beneath white : 
J with a yellowish throat-mark %1. cinnamomea, p. 50. 
| without yellow on the throat 22. mustelina, p. 51. 
B. Body beneath pale brown ; throat white .. 23. vulpina, p. 52. 
0. Body beneath chestnut-red. 
a. 
Without a black throat-patch : 
J interscapulium chestnut 24. unirufa, p. 52. 
| interscapulium brownish 25. fusco-mfa, p. 53. 
b. With a black throat-patch 26. castanea, p. 53. 
D. 
Body beneath cinnamomeous: 
( throat black with white spots 27. kollari, p, 53. 
< throat black bordered on each side by 
( white 28. candcei, p. 54. 
E. Body beneath more or less flammulated. 
c. Throat black with white spots 29. Icemostieta, p. 54. 
d. Throat white: 
I head uniform with back 30. terrestris, p. 54. 
j head darker than back 31. adusta, p. 55. 
P. Body beneath cinereous; throat white ... . 32. gularis, p. 55. 
G. 
Body beneath with a broad chestnut breast-
band 33. erythrothorax, p. 55. 
21. Synallaxis cinuamoniea. 
Certhia chmamomea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 480; Vieillot, Gal. Ok, i. 
p. 283, pi. 173. 
Synallaxis cinnamomea, JBurm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 42; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
p. 37; Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 194 (Brazil), et 1874, p. 13 ; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 63; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 346 (N.E. Brazil); Salv. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 419 (Brit. Guiam) ; Berl J.f. 0. 1887, pp. 15,119 
(Paraguay). 
14 . SY3STA1IAXIS. 
Leptoxyura cinnamomoa, RcicJib. Ilandb. p, 170; Cab. el Jlehu Mm. 
Ilein. ii. p. 28 ; Sclater, Cat A. It. p. 15 k 
Synallaxis ruficauda, VieilL N. 1). xxxii. p. 810 (1810); id. 11 M. 

p. 022; iVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 240; Cab. in Svhomb. (hiian. iii. 
p. 080; Spief Av. Bras. I p. 84, pi. 85. %, 2; Feb. Orn. Bras. 
p. 37; Bp. Consp. i. p. 213; Sol. F. Z. S. 1850, p. 103 (Brazil). 
Leptoxyura ruficauda, Feichenb. Ilandb. p. 170. 
Sylvia russeola, Vieill. JSf. D. xi. p. 217; id. R 31 p. 403. 
Splienura mentalis, Licht. Doubl. p. 42. 
Synallaxis mentalis, Burm. Sust. Ueb. iii. p, 41; Enter. J. f. O. 
1807, p. 400 (nest). 
Synallaxis cauclaeutus, Max. Beiir. id. p, 002. 

Above rusty red; wings externally and tail bright rufous: beneath, 
white, with a central gular spot of pale yellow; tips of 
roctriees projecting and rather harsh: whole length 5*5 inches, 
wing 2*3, tail 2-0. Female similar. 

Uab. S. America, from Colombia to Paraguay. 

I have examined skins of this bird from Bogota, Ycnczuola 
(Goering), Trinidad, Guiana, Cayenne, Ceara in E". Brazil, Bahia 
(Wucherer), and other localities, and believe them to be all referable 
to one species. Several authois distinguish two, S. cinnamomea 
and S. ruficauda, the former having the back uniform with 
the wings, tail, and head, and the latter the back moie or loss 
fuscous, with the wings and tail rufous. But I find many intermediate 
forms between these two extremes. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. $ ad, sk. 
Trinidad {Gould). 
Island of Mexiana, Lower 
Sclator Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
Amazons (Wallace). 
Pio Tocantins (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. /• 6 $ ad. sk.
g, h. Ad. sk.
i,j,k,l. Ad.sk.
m. ? ad. sk. 
Pernambuco (Forbes). 
Pernambuco (Forbes). 
Bahia (Wucherer). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. sk.
Brazil (Joytier), 
Corumba. Matto Grosso, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
Brazil (if. IL Smith), 
Brazil (Natterer). 
Brazil. 
S. Brazil 
Bolivia (Bridges). 
S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll. 

22. Synallaxis musteliiia. 
Leptoxyura cinnamomea, Scl et Sate. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 184 (Uc 
yali), 1807, p. 078 (Upp. Amazons), 1873, p. 200 (E. Peiu). 
E 2 

DENDE0C0LAPTIDJ3. 

Above uniform dark chestnut-red ; beneath white: whole length 

5 inches, wing 2%\ tail 2. 

JIab. Upper Amazonia. 

I cannot agree with H. v. Pelzeln in referring this species to the 

Gerthla cinnamomea of the older authors, and have therefore adopted 
the MS. term mustelina as its title. 

a, b. Ad. sir. Sarayacu, Peru (WJiitely). Sclater Coll. 

c. (S ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxiuell). Salvin-Godrnan Cell. 
cl Ad. sk. Pebas, J?em (Cctbtelnau et De~ Sclater Coll. 
ville). 

23. Synallaxis vulpina. 
Syuallaxis vulpina, Pelzeln, Sitz. Ahad. Wien, xx. p. 162, et xxxiv. 
p. 122; id. Orn. Bras. p. 37; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 194 
(Brazil), et 1874, p. 14; id. Cat. A. B. p. 152; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl p. 63; Tacz. Orn. P6r. ii. p. 128. 
Synallaxis alopecias, Pah. Siiz. Ah. Wien, xxxiv. p. 101. 
Synallaxis vulpecula, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 184 (Ucayali), et 
1873, p. 269 (E. Peru). 

Above deep ferruginous red, rump browner; supereiliaries white: 

beneath pale brownish, throat and breast white: whole length 5'2 

inches, wing 2*4, tail 3*8. 

Bob. Amazonia and interior of Brazil. 

After comparing together typical specimens of the three species 

above mentioned, I have come to the conclusion that they may be 

united. An Upper-Amazonian skin in my collection agrees very 

fairly with the type of S. alopecias, whereas the skins from the same 

district upon which 8. vulpecula was founded agree better with 

8. vulpina. At the same time further comparison should be made 
of specimens of this form from different localities. 
a. Ad. sk. Engenho do Cap. Gama. Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
Matto Gro^so, Brazil specimen of S. vulpina.) 
(Natterer). 
b,e. cS 2 ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru. H. Whitely [~C.]. 
/. (S ad.; g, Yquitos, Peru {Whitely). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

h. $ ad. sk. 
i. $ ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. ] Types of 
J. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. I 8. vul~ 
k, I. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett ("0.1 J pecula. 
m. Ad. sk. E. Peru. Sclater Coll 
24. Synallaxis xmirufa. 
Synallaxis unirufa, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 290; Scl P. Z. S. 1855. 
p. 141 (Bogota), 1859, p. 194 (Colombia)^ et 1874, p. 14: Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl p. 63 j iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 521 (Antioquia). 
Nearly uniform chestnut-red; beneath rather paler : whole length 
7 inches, wing 2*4, tail 3*8. 
Hab. Colombia. 

14. SYNALLAXIS. 53 
a. Ad. sir. Bogota. Mater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Antioquia, Colombia (SalSclater 
Coll. 
man). 
c. d. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad.sk. Colombia. EytonColl. 

25, Synallaxis fusco-rufa. 

Synallaxis fusco-rufa, Scl P. Z. S. 1882, p. 578, pi. xliii. fig. 1 (Sta. 
Marta). 

Above brown ; cap, wings externally, and tail rufous: beneath 
cinnamomeous, paler in the middle of the belly; flanks and crisaum. 
brownish: whole length G*7 inches, wing 2-2, tail 4. 

Ifab. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. 
A near ally of 8. unirufa, but distinguished by its brownish 
back. 

a. Ad. sk. Sail Sebastian, U. S. C. (Simons), Salvin-Godniaii Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
26. Synallaxis castanea. 
Synallaxis castanea, Sclater, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. II. ser. 2, xvii. 
p. 4GG (185G) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p.*193 (Venezuela), et 1874, 
p. 15; id. Cat. A. B. p. 152; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 18(38, p. 027, 
et 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. G8. 
Nearly uniform chestnut-rufous; middle of throat black: whole 
length 7-5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 4, 
Zlab. Venezuela. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.l 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
D. Dyson [O.j. 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goo- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ring). * 
e. Jr. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goe~ Sclater Coll. 
ring), 
f. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
27. Synallaxis kollari. 
Synallaxis kollari, Pelz. Sits. Akad. Wieny xx. p. 158; id. Orn. Bras. 
p. 36; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 03; Sol P. Z. S. 1874, p. 15, 
pi. iii.fig. 1. 
Above chestnut-red, cap more brownish: beneath paler, more 
cinnamomeous, and middle of belly whitish ; throat black, with white 
"tips to the feathers : whole length 5*6 inches, wing 2% tail 2*7. 
Hob. Rio Negro district of Amazonia. 

a. 
2 ad. sk. Bio Brancho, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
DE10)KOCOLAPTn>.ffi. 

28. Synallaxis candaei. 
Synallaxis 
candsei, Lafr. et d'Oi-h. Bev. Zool. 1838, p. 165; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 213 ; ScL P. Z. S. 1859, p. 194, 1871, p. 85 (Colombia), 
1874, p. 15, pi. iii. fig. 2 j ScL et Salv. Nomenel. p. 63; Salv. et 
Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 170 (Santa Maria). 

Above chestnut-red, cap and sides of bead blackish: beneath 
paler, middle of belly white; throat black, with a white border on 
each side; middle rectrices with slight blackish tips : whole length 
6 inches, wing 2*3, tail 3. 

Eab. Northern littoral of Colombia. 

a. S ad. sk. Valencia, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Cartagena (Bell). Sclater Coll. 
29. Synallaxis Isemosticta. 
Synallaxis cinnamomea, 
Lafr. Bev. Zool 1843, p. 291 (nee G?n.) ", 
ScL P. Z. S. 1855, p. 141 (Bogota). 
Synallaxis lcemosticta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 192 (Colombia), et 
1874, p. 15 ; ScL et Salv. Nomenel. p. 63. 

Above dark ferruginous: beneath paler; throat blackish, with 
white shaft-stripes; breast and belly obsoletely striped with einnamomeous: 
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2*7. 

Eab. Interior of Colombia. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 


30. Synallaxis terrestris. 
Synallaxis terrestris, Jard. Ann. # Mag. N. H. xix. p. 80 (1847): 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 213 j Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 192 (Tobago), et 
1874, p. 16; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela); iid. 
Nomenel. p. 63. 

Synallaxis cinerascens, Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 152 (?) 

Above dark ferruginous: beneath brownish; throat white; 
breast and belly cinnamomeous, with blackish edgings to the 
feathers : whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2% tail 2#o. 

Eab. Tobago, Trinidad, and Venezuela. 
I am rather doubtful about the distinctness of this and the pre


ceding species. 
a. Ad. sk. 
b, c. d ? ad,; d. Ad 
sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ , g. Ad. sk. 
h. $ jr. sk. 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Venezuela {Goering). 
Sir W. Jardine [P.]. 
Jardine Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

14 . SYNALLAXIS. 
55 

31. Synallaxis a&usta. (Plate III.) 
Synallaxis adusta, Salv. et Qodm. Ibis, 1884, p. 450 (Jkit. Guiana); 
Sate. Ibis, 1885, p. 410 (Brit. Guiana), 

Above dark brown, cap blackish brown, sides of head black: 
beneath ^ olive-brown, throat white, breast and belly with broad 
shaft-stripes of pale oinnamomeous: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 
2-4, tail 2-5. Female similar. 

flab. Eoraima district of British Guiana. 

Allied to 8. terrestris, but distinguishable by its dark head and 
blackish ear-coverts. 

a, b. cf ad.; c. J Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad, sk.
d, e* 6 2 a(h sk. 
(Wkitely). 
Roraima, J3rit. Guiana 
(Types of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

32, Synallaxis gularis. 

Synallaxis gularis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 290 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 213 ; 
Sclater, R Z. S. 1855, p. 141 (Bogota), 1859, p. 192, et 1800, p. 89 
(Ecuador), et 187J, p. 10; ScL et Sate. R Z. S. 1870, p. 781 
(Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl p. 03. 

Above oinnamomeous red; lores and superciliary stripe white: 
beneath cinereous, more or less tinged with cinnamomeous; throat 
white: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2*2. 

Hal. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a, b, o. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

f. Jr. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll 
h, i. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Jr.sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Jr. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
I Ad. j m. Jr.sk. Ecuador. Purchased, 
33. Synallaxis erythrothorax. 
Synallaxis erythrothorax, ScL R Z. S. 1855, p. 75, pi. 80, 1856, 
p. 288, et 1859, pp. 192, 382 (S. Mexico), et 1874, p. 17 ; id. Cat, 
A. B. p. 153; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 117, et 1800, p. 35 (Guatemala); 
iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 03; 
Boucard, R Z. S. 1883, p. 449 (Yucatan). 
Synallaxis cinerascens, Bp. R Z. S. 1837, p. 118 (?) (Guatemala). 

Above brown; wings externally chestnut; tail dark rufous: 
beneath, throat black, slightly speckled with white on the upper 
part; broad band across the breast chestnut; belly pale brownish, 
in the middle whitish slightly varied with cinereous : whole length 
6-3 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2*8. Female similar. 

llab. Southern Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. 

a. Ad. sk. Belize. B. Dyson [C,]. 
b, $ jr. sk, Orizaba, Mexico. Sclater Coll, 
56 DENDBOCOLAPTIDJE. 
Cj d. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. skg. Ad. sk.
h. Ad.sk. 
Choctuni, Vera Paz (Salvin,). 
Vera Paz. 
Kamkkal, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Sclater Coll. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godmaii Coll. 
i9j.3v.sk, lietaluleu, Guatemala (SalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
vin). 
l\ Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk. 
Guatemala. 
Honduras. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Sclater Coll. 

SECT. V. With a well-defined pectoral band. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Pectoral band black, with a narrow white 
margin above; abdomen fulvous 34. torquata, p. 56. 
B. 
Pectoral band black. 
J Abdomen chestnut 35. maximiliani, p. 50. 
| Abdomen rufescent 36. pcvucalensis, p. 57. 
34. Synallaxis torqnata. 
Synallaxis torquata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 097 j d?Orb. Voyt) Ois. p. 248 ; 
Bp. Consp. I p. 213 j Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 193 (Brazil), et 1874, 

p. 17 j id. Cat. A. B. p. 153; Pekeln, Orn. Bras. p. 36; Reinh. 
Fuglef. Bras. Camp. p. 195 ; Scl, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 63; lid. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 620 (Bolivia). 
Melanopareia torquata, BeicJib. Ilandb. p. 164; Burm. Syst. "Ueb. iii. 
p. 37. 
Synallaxis bitorquata, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 24; $Orb, Voy., 
Ois. t. xv. iig. 2, 

Above brown; hind neck chestnut; sxiperciliaries white; sides 
of head black; beneath fulvous, pectoral collar black, with a white 
border above: whole length 5 inches, wing 2, tail 2m2. 

Hah. Int. of S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Minas, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
35. 
Synallaxis maximiliani. 
Cola aguda pardo collar negro, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 264. 
Synallaxis tcrquata; d?Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 25 j a? Orb. Toy. 
Ois. t. xv.fig. 1. 
Synallaxis maximiliani, d'Orb. Toy. Ois. p. 247 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1874. 

p. 17 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 64; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 620 
(Bolivia); Berl.J.f. 0. 1887, p. 119 (Paraguay). 
Melanopareia maximiliana, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 37. 

Above brown; feathers of upper back white at their bases; 
superciliaries white: beneath, throat fulvous; pectoral band black; 
abdomen chestnut: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 1*9, tail 2*8. 

Bab. Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. (imp.). Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 
14 . 8YNALUXT8. 
30. Synallaxis paucalensis. 
Synallaxis paucalonsis, Tacz, Orn. Per. ii. p, 131. 
Similar to S. maximiliani, but without any wliito at tlio base of 
the dorsal feathers ; wings of a different colour; rod of the belly not 
so intense; and lateral roc trices grey {Tacz.). 

Hah. Paucal, Peru. 

Described by Taczanowski from a specimen in spirit belonging to 
the Raimondi Collection. 

SECT. VI. Tail much lengthened; back striated ; throat yellow. 

37. Synallaxis pliryganopliila. 
Ilorqueta tricolor, Azara, Apitnt. ii. p. 255. 
Sylvia phryganopliila, Vieill. Noau. Diet. xl. p. 207 ; id. Pnc. Metlt. 


p. 460. 
Synallaxis phryganopliila, cTOrh. Voy., Ok. p. 230; llartl bid. Az. 
p. 15; Barm. La-Plata Jieise, ii. p. 401); id. J. f. 0. 1800, p. 250 
(rep. Arg); Bp. Comp. i. p. 213; 8cl P. Z. S. 1850, p. 103 
(Bolivia), et 1874, p. 17 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 152 ; Teh. Orn. Bras. 
p. 36 ; 8d. et 8alv. Nomencl. p. 04 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. (ill 
(rep. Arg.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay); Barrows, Bull 
Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 207 (Entrerios); Berl j.f. 0.1887, p. 119 
(Paraguay) ; Scl et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 181. 
Synallaxis tecellata, Tem?n. PL Col 311. fig. 1. 

Above, front brown; crown chestnut; superciliaries white; sides 
of head, neck, back, and tail fulvous brown, with broad black striations 
on the neck and back; upper wing-coverts pale chestnut; 
wing-feathers blackish, edged with pale brown: beneath pale 
fulvous; chin yellow ; throat-patch black, with a broad white 
border on each side; middle of belly white: whole length 8*5 inches, 
wing 2*4, tail 4*6. 

Hab. Interior of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N". Argentina. 

This well-marked species stands quite by itself as regards plumage 
and form. The rectrices are much graduated, the small outer pair 
measuring only 1*4 inch from the insertion. 

a, b. Ad. st.
c.Ad.sk. 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.J. 
Sclator Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Bolivia {Bridges). Eyton Coll. 

SECI. VII. Tail short, blackish ; bill thickened. 

38. Synallaxis rutilans. 
Synallaxis rutilans, Temm. PL Col 227. fig. 1; Bp. Comp. i. p. 213; 
Pelz. Sitz. Ahad. Wicn, xxxiv. p. 119; id. Orn. Bras. p. 30; Scl. 
P Z. 8. 1850, p. 193 (N.Brazil), et 1874, p. 18; Sol et Salv. 


P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 574 (L. Amazons), 750 (E. Peru), et 1873, 
p. 269 (E. Peru); lid. Nomencl. p. 64 ; Tacz, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 26 
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 132. 
Above and beneath chestnut-brown; throat-patch, black; wing
DENDKOCOLAPTIDiE, 

ends 
and tail blackish; flanks and lower belly obscure: whole 

length 5*3 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2-6. 
Hah. Interior of Brazil and Amazonia. 
This is also an isolated species, with a thick bill and a rather 

short tail. 

a. Ad. sk, Oyapoek, Cayenne (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Jr. sk. Para (Wallace). 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Peru. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chanricuros, E. Peru (llauxioell). J. Gould, Esq. 
e. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. 
Purchased. 
15. SIPTOBNIS* 
Type. 
Siptomis, Reichenb. Handb. d. sp. Oni. p. 171 (1853).. S. striaticollis. 
Cranioleuca, Reichenb. op. cit. p. 167 (1853) S. aibiceps. 
Astkenes, Reichenb. op. cit. p. 168 (1853) S. sordida. 

I propose to use ReichenbacVs term Sijptornis for the second division 
of the genus JSynallaxis, as arranged in my article published in 
1874 (see P. Z. S. 1874, p. 18), where I have called them "Synallaoces 
abnormales" These birds have 12 tail-feathers instead of* 10 as in 
typical Synallcuvis. They are distributed over the Neotropical 
Eegion from Costa Rica to Patagonia, nearly all of the southern 
species belonging to this division. They may be divided primarily 
into sections as follows:— 

Sect. 
I. Cap, wings externally, and tail rufous, p. 58. 

II. 
Cap like the back, but more or less striated; wings 
externally and tail rufous, p. 62. 
III. Cap white; wings and tail rufous, p. 64. 
IV. 
Above nearly uniform brown; tail more or less black mixed 
with rufous; tail-feathers broad, p. 64. 
V, 
Above brown; wings and tail rufescent; gular spot 
bright yellow; tail-feathers acuminated, p. 69. 

VI. Plumage above striated; tail-feathers pointed, p. 70. 
SECT. I. Cap, wings externally, and tail rufous. 

Key to the Species* 

A. Breast not striated. 
a. Sides of head not rufous. 
a'. With a superciliary stripe. 
j Smaller: body beneath ockraceous.. 1. pallida, p. 59. 
j Larger: body beneath greyish ... . 2. antisiemis, p. 59. 

b'. Without a superciliary stripe 3. curtata, p. 69. 

* Refer also to the following species apparently of this group:— 
1. Synallaccis cisandma, Taoz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 25; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 133 
(N.E. Peru). 
2. Sunallaxis fareata, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 25; id. Ora. Per. ii. p. 134 
(N.E. Peru). 
3. 
Sy?iallaxis singular^ Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 96, pi. vii. fig._2 
(Ecuador). 
15. siraoRNis, 
59 

5. 
Sides of head rufous. 
I Sides of head cliostnut-red 4, erytliropn, p, 60. 
I Sides of liead chmamomoous 5. ruff/em's, p. 00, 
B. 
Breast striated. 
Breast fuscous, with white striatums 0. striatieollis, p. 01. 
Breast cinnarnomoous, with numerous 
black spots 
7. hi/post iet a, p. 01, 

1. Siptornis pallida, 
Synallaxis pallida, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 000; Bp, Gmsp, i. p. 213; Sci. 
P. Z. S. 1850, p. 102 (S.E. Brazil), et 1874, p. 18; tf. r<tf. A. /A 
p. 150; P?/s. Orn. Bras. p. 38; Beink Fiif/hf. Bras. Camp.}). 102; 
&<?/. e^ *Sto/y. Nomencl p. 04. 
Synallaxis pusillus, Afr/«s. Berol. 

Above brown ; superciliarios long, white; cap, wings externally, 
and tail bright rufous: beneath paler, more oehraceous; whole 
length 6 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2-8. Female similar. 

ITab. S.E. Brazil. 

a,b. Ad. st.
c. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 
E. Wilson [P.]. 
Salvin-Gociman Coll. 
d, e. (S 5 ad. sk. Pelotas,RioGiandedoSul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
f, g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
li, i. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll. 

2. Siptornis antisiensis. 
Synallaxis antisiensis, Selater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 457, et 1859, p. 102 
(Ecuador), et 1874, p. 18; id. Cat. A. B. p. 151; Sd. et Sah\ 
Nomencl p. 04; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 230, et 1880, p. 200 (N. 
Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 133; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 170 
(Santa Marta). 

Above brown; lores and superciliarios white ; cap, wings externally, 
and tail bright rufous: beneath pale cinereous: whole length 
0 inches, wing 2-8, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hub. 
Ecuador and Colombia. 

Larger than 8. pallida; bill and feet stronger and body beneath 
cinereous. Two species allied to this are S. cisandinct and #. fareata 
of Taczanowski, from Peru. 

a. $ ad. sk. Cuenca, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species) 
b. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. 0. {Simons). Suiviu-Godman Coll, 
3. Siptornis curtata. 
Synallaxis curtata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1809, p. 030, pi. xlix. fig. 1 (Colombia), 
et 187 4, p. 10; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 04; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 527 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Ber. ii. p. 135; Berl et Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 95 (Ecuador). 
Abovo brown; cap, wings externally, and tail bright rufous: 

DENDE0C0LAPTID2E. 

beneath paler, throat whitish: whole length 6 inches, wing 2-8, 

tail 3. 
Hob. Colombia. 
The want of the superciliary mark serves to distinguish this 

species from the two preceding. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
cl, <$ acl.; e. Jr. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Siptornis erythrops. 
Synallaxis erythrops, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 06 (Ecuador), et 1874, 
p, 19; id. Cat. A. B. p. 151; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 105; 
Frantz. J. f. 0.1809, p. 804 (Costa Rica); Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, 

p. 191 (Veragua) ; Set. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 64 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 
pp. 521, 549 (Autioquia) ; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 59 (CostaRica); 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 500, et 1884, p. 2QS (W. Ecuador). 
Above brown; cap and sides of the head, wings externally, and 
tail bright rufous: beneath rather paler: whole length 5-7 inches, 
wing 2*8, tail 3. Female similar. 

llab. Ecuador, Colombia, "Veragua, and Costa Rica. 

This species is at once distinguished from the three preceding by 
the red colour of tho cap extending over the sides of the head 
beneath the eyes. 

«? b. S $ a(l*sk* Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq. 
/ . J ad. sk. Frontino, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. $ ad. sk. Southern slope of the Vol- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
cano of Ohhiqui (Arce). 

i. Ad. sk. Chiriqui, Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
j} kj I. Ad, sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Rogers), 

m. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Rogers). Sclater Coll. 
5. Siptornis rnfigenis. 
Synallaxis rufigenis, Law. Ann. L. JST. T. ix. p. 105 (1868); Frantz. 
J. f. O. 1809, p. 304 (Costa Rica) ; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 191 ; 
Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 04; Scl. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 19. 
Above brown; cap, wings externally, and tail bright rufous; 
sides of head, neck in front, and middle of belly cinnamomeous red: 
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2*9. 

Eab. Costa Rica. 

There is a single specimen of this species from Salvin and God-
man's collection, of which Mr. Salvin has spoken, I. s. c. It appears 

15 . SIPTORNIS. (51 
to agree well with a skin belonging to Mr. Lawrence; and I have 
no doubt that tho species is valid. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Oosta Rica (Canniol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0. Siptornis striaticollis. 
Synallaxis striaticollis, Zafr. Hev. Zool 1843, p. 290; 8cl P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 141 (Bogota), et 1874, p. 10 ; Jijp. Consp. i. p. 213; 8cl et 
Salv. NomeneL p. 04; JBerl et Toes. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 95 (Ecuador). 

Sittasomus flammulata, Zess. Tr. d'Orn. p. 315 (f). 
Siptornis flammulata, Iteichb. llandb. p. 171, t. dxl.*=dcl. (1853). 


Above reddish brown; cap, wings externally, and tail chestnut-
red ; superciliaries white: beneath olivaceous brown ; throat tinged 
with rufous; breast striated with white; under wing-coverts cinnamomoous 
: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*9. 

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

I have only met with this species in Bogota collections; but it is 
said to occur also in Ecuador. It is certainly the Siptornis flammulata 
of Eeichenbach, as I have compared it with the type of that 
species in the Dresden Museum; but I think it very doubtful whether 
it is tho Sittasomus flammulata of Lesson. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

c. Ad. sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. Siptornis hyposticta, 
Synallaxis hyposticta, Pels. Situ. Akad. Wien, xxxiv. p. 102 ; id. Orn. 
Bras. p. 38; 8cL P. Z. S. 1874, p. 20, pi. iv. fig. 2; Scl et Sah. 
Nomencl p. 64; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 620 (Bolivia); Tavz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 20 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. P4r. ii. p. 13C; Bartlett, P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 373 (E. Peru). 

Above brown; cap, wings externally, and tail bright rufous; 

superciliaries cinnamomeous: beneath pale ashy brown; breast 

marked with black points, belly with obscure blackish bars ; throat 

slightly cinnamomeous: under wing-coverts pale rufous; bill 

rather long and strong ; feet large: whole length 5*6 inches, wing 

2-8, tail 24. 

Ilab. Amazonia and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Casttenau fy Sclater Coll. 
Deville). 
b. S ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru (Ilauxiuell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru (Hauxioell). Sclater Coll. 
d. $ ad.sk. Samiria,E.Pem(Ji^?a?f;6^. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
DENDB0C0LAPTID2E. 

SECT. II. Cap like the back, but more or less striated; wings or 
wing-coverts externally and tail rufous. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Beneath pale olive-brown. 
j Primaries edged with rufous 8. subcristaia, p. 02. 
I Primaries not edged with rufous 9. ruticilla, p. 62. 
13. Beneath white. 
llead slightly striated; edges of secondaries 
brown 10. striaticeps, p. 63. 
Head definitely striated; edges of secondaries 
rufous 11. rufipenniSf p. 63. 

8. Siptornis subcristata. (Plate IV.) 
Synallaxis inornata, Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 167 (Venezuela) 
(err.). 
Synallaxis subcristata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 20, pi. iv. tig. 1; Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 64. 

Above olive-brown; head slightly crested, rather darker; wings 
externally and tail bright rufous: beneath paler; under wing-coverts 
cinnamomeous : whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2*7. 

Bab. Venezuela. 

The nearest ally of the present bird is S. niticilla, from which it 
may bo distinguished by the want or very slight indication of the 
white eyebrows, by the red colour of the wings extending over the 
outer edges of the primaries and secondaries, by the crested head, 
and by the stronger bill. 

a. $ ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Caracas, Venezuela (Goeriny). 
Caracas, Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll.
of the speci 
Purchased. 
(Type 
es.) 
9, Siptornis ruticilla. 

Sphenura ruticilla et S. guajacina, Licht. in Mm. Berol. 
Synallaxis ruticilla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 27 (1859) * Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl. p. 64; Scl. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 21. 
Synallaxis Ms, Pek. Sitz. Ah. Wien^ xxxiv. p. 123 (1859) • id. Orn. 
Bras. p. 38. 
Leptoxyura ohsoleta, Reichb. Handb. p. 171 (?). 

Above brown; edges of wing-coverts and whole tail rufous; lores 
and long supereUiaries white; front and sides of the head whitish, 
obscurely striated with brown: beneath ochraceous, middle of throat 
tinged with yellowish; belly and flanks somewhat cinereous: whole 
length 5*8 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*4. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. ^ 

Hr. v. Pelzeln having sent me for examination one of the types of 
his Stfiiis, I have little hesitation in associating it with S. ruticilla, 
of which I have examined the typical examples in the Berlin 
Museum. 

Hr. 
v. Pelzeln is probably correct in referring Eeichenbacb/s 

15 . SIPTOBNIS, 
63 

Lepto,vynra ohsoleta to the present bird; bill Sylvia obsolete of the 
Berlin Museum (whence Roichonbach's name was originally derived) 
belongs to the following species. 

10. Siptornis striaticeps. 
Synallaxis striaticcps, (ffOrb. et Lafr. Si/n. Ar. i. p. 22 • tVOrb. Vol/. 
Ois. p. 241, pi. 10. fig. 1; Gay, &aun. ChiL, Aves, p. 291 • Bum. 
La-Plata Reise, ii, p. 400; id. J", f. O. I860, p. 250 (rep. Am); Svf. 

P. £. & 1859, p. 193,1872,p. 544 (Paraguay), 1874, p. 21; Stemb. 
J. f. O.1809, p. 20(5 (Buenos Ayrea); Scl kSalv. Nommvl p. 04; 
Sdlv. Ibis, 1880, p. 358 (Buenos Ayrea); mite, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 
(rep. Arg.); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 182. 
Phleocryptes striaticeps, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1809,p, 033 (rep. Arg.); 
Hudson, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 548 (Patagonia). 
Sylvia (sive Synallaxis) obsoleta, Mus. Berol. 

Above cinereous witb a brownish tingo; cap streaked with black; 
superciliaries white; wings brown; edgings of wing-coverts and 
whole tail rufous : beneath greyish white ; bill elongated, thin, and 
slightly curved: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2*4. Female 
similar. 

Hab. Uruguay, Argentine Republic, and N. Patagonia. 

Many of Bridges's skins labelled " Bolivia " were really obtained 
near Mendoza in the Argentine Republic, and probably those of this 
bird among the number. 

a. 5 ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia {Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayrea (Hudson) Sclater Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Oonchitas, Buenos Ay res (Hudson) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. cf ad.sk. Mendoza, Arg. Uo^.(Weisshaupt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 
$ ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Write). 
g. <$ ad.; h. Salta, rep. Arg. II. Burnford [0.], 
Ad. sk. 
L Ad. sk. Bolivia ? (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 

j. Ad. sk. Bolivia ? (Bridges), Eyton Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay, Alan Peel [O.l. 
I. ? ad. sk. Uruguay. 
Alan Peel [0.]. 
11. Siptornis rafipennis. 
Synallaxis rufipennis, Scl et Sab. P.Z.SAS70, p. 020 (Bolivia); 
Scl P. Z. S. 1882, p. 579. 
Above brownish cinereous; cap fulvous, distinctly striated with 
black ; superciliaries white; edgings of wing-coverts and secondaries 
and whole tail bright rufous: beneath white, flanks and crissum 
washed with fulvous : whole length 5*0 inches, wing 2*0, tail 3. 
Hab. Bolivia. 
Distinguishable from S. striaticeps by its distinctly striatod cap 
and the rufous edgings of the secondaries. 
a} h. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Bueh- Salvin-Godman Coll. 


ley). 
(Types of the species.) 

DENDBOCOLAFTIDJE. 

SECT. III. Cap white or whitish; wing-coverts externally 
and tail rufous. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Upper back rufous ; cap white 12. albiceps, p. 64. 
B. Upper back olive-brown ; cap brownish white 18. albieapilla, p. 64. 
12. Siptornis albiceps. 
Synallaxis albiceps, (TOrb. et Lafi\ Si/n. Av. i. p. 23; cVOrb. For/. 
p. 241, pi. xvi. fig. 2 ; Set. P. Z. & 1859, p. 194 (rep. Arg.), et 
1874, p. 21 ; Sol et Salv. Nomencl p. 64; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 621 
(Bolivia). 
Above rufous, lower back brownish; cap white: beneath olivaceous 
brown ; throat whitish: whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2'5, 
tail 2-5. 

Hab. Bolivia, 

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [0.]. 
13. Siptornis allbicapilla. 
Synallaxis 
albieapilla, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 319; Sal. et Salv. 
Nomencl p. 64; iid. I\Z.S. 1874, p. 679 (Peru); ScL P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 22 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 527 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 136. 
Above olive-brown ; cap brownish white; edgings of wing-coverts 
and whole tail bright rufous: beneath pale earthy brown; throat 
and neck whitish : whole length 6*3 inches, wing 2*8,tall 3*2. 

Hab. Peru. 
a. S ad. sk. Paueartambo, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman C 
b. $ ad. sk. Cachupata, Peru ( Tfliitely). Sclater Coll. 

SECT. IY. Above uniform brown, cap not different * tail more or 
less blackish mixed with rufous; tail-feathers more or less 
broadened. 

Key to the Sjoecies. 

A, Throat pointed with black 
14. humicola, p. 65. 

B. Throat with a central rufous spot. 
a. Outer secondaries edged with rufous 15. orbiynii, p. 65. 
b. Outer secondaries not edged with rufous. 
a'. Rump rufous 16. arequipm, p. 66. 
05 

15. sinouNis. 
b'. Kump not rufous. 
a". Lateral lvctrices black at thoir bases. 17. modest a, p. 00. 
b". Lateral rectrices not black at their 

bases: 
I lat. rectr. brown ]8. hmmlis, p. (>7. 
< lat. rectr. darkish rufous 10. pudibunda, p. 07. 
(lat. rectr. wholly pale nifous 20. sordida, p. (18. 

C. Throat unspotted " 21. patagoniea, p. 00. 
14. Siptornis humicola. 
Synallaxis humicola, Kittl Mfon. pros, a VAo, Petersb. i. p. Ls5, 
pi. 6 (1831); Darwin, Zool. 'BvaqleJ iii. p. 75; Fraser, P. Z. S. 
1843, p. 112 (Chili); JBp. Comp. i. p. 212 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, 

p. 193, et 1807, p. 324 (Chili), et 1874, p. 22; id. Cat. A. R p. 153 ; 
Gay; Fauna ChiL, Arcs, p. 288; Phil, et Landb. An. Univ. Chil. 
xxxi. p. 252; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 64. 
Above cinereous brown, whig-coverts margined with rufous; 
superciliaries ^hite ; tail blackish, outer rectrices tipped with 
brownish: beneath pale cinereous, throat white, with numerous 
black shaft-spots ; lower belly and flanks more or less ferruginous ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 6*8 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2*9. 

Female similar. 
Hob. Chili. 
a, b. cJ 2 ad.; c.
Ad. sk. 
Chili (Reed). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Chili. 
Chili {Heed). 
Bolivia ? {Bridges). 
Burnett & Pitzroy [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

15. Siptornis orbignii. 
Synallaxis humicola, d'Orb. Voy.} Ois. p. 245, t. 17. fig. 2; Burm. 

La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 408. 
Synallaxis crassirobtris, Landb. J.f. 0.1805, p. 401 (rep. Arg.). 
Bathmidura d'orbignyii, Reichenb. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 103. 
Synallaxis orbignii, "Set. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 980 (Peru), et 

1879, p. 021 (Bolivia); iid. Komencl p. 04; Scl. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 22, et 1879, p. 401; Salv. Ibis, 1880, p. 358 (Salta, rep. Arg.); 
JBerl. J. f. 0. 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay); Scl. et JIuds. Arg. Orn. 
i. p. 183. 
Synallaxis fugax, Doring, MS. 
Synallaxis flavigularis, Doring, Fxp. al Bio Negro, Zool. p. 45 (?). 
Above pale earthy brown, rump lufous; superciliaries whitish; 
wing-feathers blackish, the basal part of the secondaries pale chestnut, 
forming a transverse band; four middle tail-feathers blackish, 
the lateral pale chestnut: beneath pale cinereous white; flanks, 
crissum, and under wing-coverts pale brown : throat-spot pale 
rufous : whole length 0*5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 3*2. Female similar. 

Hob. Bolivia and Northern Argentina. 

This species is readily distinguishable from the preceding by the 
want of the black points on the throat, which in adult specimens 
carries a rufous spot. 

VOL. xv. * 

DENDROCOLAPTIDiE. 

Although d'Orbigny collected at Valparaiso specimens of the true 

8. Jiumieola, the species figured under that name in his work is 
clearly distinct, as was first pointed out by Ecichenbach. 
I have compared one of d'Orbigny's skins of this species in the 
Paris Museum (collected at Cochabamba in 1834:, and marked "# . 
humkola ") with a specimen in my own collection obtained near Mendoza 
by Weisshaupt. I therefore do not doubt that I am correct in 
referring Landbeck's 8. crassiro&tris (established on examples from 
the same locality) to this species. 

a. $ 
ad. &k. Mendoza, Arg. Eep. (Weiss- Sclater Coll. 
haupt). 
b. Ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine Re- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
public {Leybold). 
c. tf ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Eep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{White). 
d. "<$ ad. sk. Cordova, Arg. Eep. {Doering). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen of Synattaxis fugax, Doering.) 
e. Ad. sk. Parana, Arg. Eep. {Burmeistei*). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Salta, Arg. Rep. 
Bolivia {Bridges). 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia. 
H. Durnford [C.]. 
Eyton Coll. 
T! Bridges [0.1 
T. Bridges [C.j. 
16. Siptornis arequipae. 

Above brown, head rather darker, rump rufous; wings brownish 
black, lesser coverts edged with rufous; tail black, outer pair of 
roctrices and tips of two next pairs rufous: beneath milky white, 
large throat-spot rufous ; flanks and crissum rufous : whole length 
6-S inches, wing 2*7, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. S.W. Peru. 
Distinguishable from S. orbignii by the want of the basal rufous 
band on the secondaries and by its larger size. 

a. S 
ad, j b. Jr. sk. Arequipa, S.W. Peru Sclater Coll. 
( Whitely). (Types of the species.) 
c. $ ad. sk. Arequipa, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 
d, e. $ ad.; /. Jr. sk. Arequipa, S.W. Peru. H. Whitely [C.]. 

17. Siptornis modesta. 
Svnallaxis modesta, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 159; Scl P. Z. S. 
18(37, p. 324, 1874, p. 23, 1872, pp. 544, 548, 540 (Patagonia), et 
188G, p. 398 (N. Chili) ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 64; Sel et Huds. 
Arg. Orn. I p. 183. 

Synallaxis flavigularis, Burm. La-Plata Peise, ii. p. 4G8. 
Synallaxis sordida, Ph. et Landb. An. Univ. Chil xxxi. p. 253. 

15. srPTOENis. 
Above mouse-brown, indistinct mrpcrciliarics whitish; wmg\s 

blackish, with a transverse fulvous bnnd across tho bases of tho 

rcmiges on their inner webs; tail black, outer reel rices tipped and 

margined with fulvous: bonoath pale cinereous, with an bohraeeoiis 

tinge, guttural spot pale rufous : whole length 0 inches, wing 2^, 

tail 2-5. Female similar. 

Hah. Chili, Argentina, and F. Patagonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll 
b. Ad. hk. Chili (Heed). Hciater Coll 
c, d. Ad. sk. Chili. Hclater Coll. 
e,f. $ ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine ReSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
public (Leybold). 

g. cj ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. liep. (Weiss-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
haupt). 

h. Ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Hep. (Bur-Sal\ in~( \ odnian Coll. 
meister). 
i} j. 6 S ad. sk. IUO Negro, Patagonia (HudSclater 
Coll. 

son). 
k, I. Ad. sk. Bolivia (?). Eyton Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

m. Ad. sk. Bolivia (?). 
1\ Bridges [0.]. 
n. Ad. sk. Bolivia (?). 
T. Bridges [0.j . 
18. Siptornis humilis. 
Synallaxis humilis, Cab. J.f. 0.1873, p. 319 j ScL et Salv. NomencL 
p. (34; ScL P Z. S. 1874, p. 23; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 527 
(C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 138. 
Above brown; wings and tail blackish brown edged with brown ; 
lateral rectriccs paler in the centre and tinged with rufous j long 
superciliaries, sides of head, and throat white with brown striations: 
beneath ochraceous white, guttural spot rufous ; under wing-coverts 
and blotch at tho base of the wing-feathers rufous; bill rather long 
and straight: whole length 6 inches, wing 2'8> tail 2*0. , 


Hah. Western Peru and Bolivia. 
Like S. modesta, but without the rufous tips to the external 
rectriccs, the bill stronger, and superciliaries different. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia (imp. spec). T. Bridges [C.]. 
19. Siptornis pudibxtnda. 
Synallaxis 
pudibunda, ScL P. Z. S. 1874, p. 445, pi. Iviii. tig. 1 
(Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 527 (0. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. 

p. 142. 
I have examined the single specimen of this species, which, 
however, seems quite distinct from any of those that 1 am acquainted 
with. It belongs to the section with twelve reck ices, and 
will stand best, I think, near #. modesta and its allies, having a 
pale fawn-coloured gular patch, round which, on the sides of the 
face and neck, are indistinct blackish freckles. There is a pale 
superciliary stripe, but very indistinct. The wings externally and 

j 2 

DENDR0COLA PTIDiE. 

the tail are of a nearly uniform darkish rufous, with the exception 
of the apical portion of the inner webs of the two middle pairs of 
reetrices, which are blackish. 

Hub. Peru. 

20. Siptornis sordi&a. 
Synallaxis sordida, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 105; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 193, et 18(57, p. 324 (Chili), 1872, p. 543 
(Patagonia), et 1874, p. 23; id. Cat. A.B. p. 153; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. G4; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 35 (Chupat), et 1878, p. 61 
(Buenos Ayrea), p. 396 (Patagonia); White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 
(rep. Arg.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 (Uruguay) ; Scl. et Binds. 
Arcj. Orn. i. p. 184. 

Synallaxis flavigularis, Gould, Toy. 'Beagle' Zool. iii. p. 78, pi. 24; 
Ph. et Bandb. An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 252 ; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1844, 

p. 157 (Chili); Burm. J. f. O. 1860, p. 250 (rep. Arg.). 
i( Synallaxis rufa, Bandb. MS.," Scl P. Z. S. 1867, p. 324. ^ 
Synallaxis hrunnea, Gould, Voy. i Beagle,1 Zool. iii. p. 78 (jr.). 
Above emeraceous brown; wings blackish, with the basal half of 
the inner remiges fulvous : beneath pale cinereous, with an ochraceous 
tinge, middle of belly whitish, guttural spot fulvous; three 
outer pairs of tail-feathers wholly rufous, next pair slightly tipped 
with rufous, two central pairs blackish : whole length 6 inches, 
wing 2*3, tail 3. Female similar. Young without the gular spot. 

Eab. Chili, Argentina, and Patagonia. 

The wholly rufous colour of the three outer pairs of tail-feathers 
at once distinguishes this species from 8. modesta, with which it is 
often confounded. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold), Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chili. 
W. W. Saunders, Esq. [P.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Chili (Reed). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
V. $ ad. sk. Cordova, Arg. Eep. (White). Sclater Coll. 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Mendoza,Arg.Rep.(JFms- Sclater Coll. 
haupt). 
i. $ ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
j. <$ ad. sk. 
Rio Negro, Patagonia. "W. H. Hudson [C.]. 
k. 
(S ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hud- Sclater Coll. 
son). 
£. $ ad. sk. 
Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hud- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
son), 


m. Ad. sk. Port Desire, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.]. (Type of 
S. brunnea.) 
n. £ ad.; o, Chupat, Patagonia. II. Durnford [C.]. 
p. Jr. sk. 
q. Jr. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. C. Darwin, Esq. [C.]. 
r. Ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.]. 
15 . SIFTOBNIS. GO 
21. Siptornis patagonica. 
Synallaxis patagonica, rT Orb. Toy., Ois. p. 241); 8vl 7\ Z. 8. 1872, 
pp. 544, 548, 540 (Patagonia); 8el. et tittv. Nomenel p. (14; 
6W. P.&& 1874, p. 24; Dnrnf. Ibis, J 877, p. M (Ohupat); 
Hudson, Ibis, 1885, p. 285; 8oL et Huds. Art/. Oni. i, p. 186. 

Above mouse-brown; tail blackish, outer roctrix with its outer 
web rufous: beneath pale cinereous, belly tinged with oohraocons; 
under wing-coverts oohraceous: whole length 6 inches, wing 2-2, 
tail 2*8. Female similar. 

Ilab. Patagonia. 

This is a peculiar species, with the tail (comparatively) short, and 
the rcctrices broad and rounded at their ends. 1 have compared 
some of Mr. Hudson's skins with d'Orbigny's typical specimens. 

a, b. Ad. sic. Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson), Relator Coll. 
c. 9 ad. sk. Ilio Negro, Patagonia. W. II. Hudson 
[C.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Ohupat, Patagonia. II. Durnford [0.]. 

SECT. Y. Above brown; edges of wing-coverts and tail rufcscent; 
tail-feathers acuminated; throat-spot bright yellow. 

Of this section there is only one representative. 

2% Siptornis sulphurifera. 

Synallaxis sulphurifera, JSwrm. P. Z. S. 18G8, p. 030 (rep. Arg.); Scl. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. I860, p. 632 (rep. Arj>.) ; lid. Nomenel p. (54; Scl. 

P.Z.8. 1872, pp. 544, 548 (Patagonia), et 1874, p. 24; Dttrnf. 
Ibis, 1877, p. 180, et 1878, p. 01 (Buenos Ayres) ; Scl et Huds, 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 185. 
Above brown; wings blackish; edgings of wing-coverts and a 
band across the base of the remiges rufous; tail-feathers much 
pointed, pale rufous: beneath white, more or less tinged with 
cinereous ; small but distinct gular spot sulphur-yellow; flanks and 
crissum fulvous; bill lengthened, rather incurved: whole length 
6 inches, wing 2'2, tail 2-8. Female similar. 

Hah. Argentina and N. Patagonia. 

This species should perhaps be placed near to 8. striatieej>s, which 
it approaches as regards its graduated tail and slightly incurved bill. 
But it agrees with the last group in having a distinct gular patch. 
In habits, according to Mr. Hudson, it resembles Limnornis eurvirostris 
rather than its congeners. 

a. b. J $ ad. sk. Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. II, Durnford [0.1 
c. $ jr. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. II. Durnford [C.j. 
d. 6 ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. II. Durnford [C.j. 
e. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Sclater Coll 
/. <$ ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
g. cjad.sk. Bio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
h. Jad.sk. Bio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
DENDROCOLAFIIDiE. 

SECT. VI. Plumage above striated; tail-feathers pointed. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Crown more or less striated. 
a. Lower plumage not striated. 
a'. Outer rectrices black at their bases. 
J Smaller: throat-spot rufous) Larger: throat-spot yellowishV. Outer rectrices rufous. 
2-3. anthoides, p. 70. 
24. hudsoni, p. 70. 
J Larger: beneath darkerI Smaller: beneath paler 
25. graminicola, p. 71. 
26. wyatti, p. 71. 
b. Lower plumage strongly striated. 
j Larger: rump not striatedI Smaller: rump striatedB. Crown bright rufous 
, 
27. virgata, p. 71. 
2%,f,ammidata, p. 72. 
20. maluroides, p. 72. 

23. Siptornis anthoides. 
Synallaxis anthoides, King, P. Z. S. 1830-31, p. 30 (Str. Magellan) ; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 213; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 193, 19(3, 1807, 

p. 324 (Chili), et 1874, p. 25 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 153 j Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 64. 
Synallaxis rufogularis, 
Gould, Voy. i Beagle? Zool. iii. p. 77, pi. 23 ; 
Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 112 (Chili) ; Gay, Faun. Chil, Aves, 

p. 290; Phil, et Landb. An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 252. 
Sphenopyga rufigularis, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 28. 
Above brown, striped with black; superciliaries whitish; wing-
feathers blackish, with a distinct fulvous band across the bases of 
the inner ones : beneath pale brown, middle of throat fulvous, with 
slight black punctures on the fore neck; middle of belly whitish ; 
under wing-coverts fulvous; tail blackish, outer rectrices largely 
tipped with pale cinnamomeous: whole length 6 inches, wing 2-5, 
tail 2*5. Female similar. 

Bab, Chili and Patagonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili (Heed). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Valparaiso. Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.l. 
7^. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands. C. Darwin [C.j. 
24. Siptornis hudsoni. 
Synallaxis anthoides, Scl et 8alv. P. Z. S. 18G8, p. 141. 
Synallaxis hudsoni, Scl P.Z.S. 1874, p. 25; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, 

p. 3G, et 1878, p. 396 (Patagonia); Barroius, Bull Mitt. Orn. CI 
viii. p. 209; Scl. et Huds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 186. 
Synallaxis sclateri, Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 196 (Arg. Eep.); Scl 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 461, et 1882, p. 579. 
Above brown, with conspicuous Black shaft-stripes : beneath pale 
ochraceous, whiter in the middle of the belly; throat white tinged 
with yellow; flanks and crissum slightly streaked with black; wings 
brown, with a broad band of deep orange-rufous at the bases of the 
inner primaries and secondaries; tail brownish black, outer rectrices 

35. SIPTORNIS. 
largely terminated with pale rufous; whole length 7'5 inches, wing 

3*3, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

11(d). Uruguay and Argentina. 

This is a larger form of tf. anthoide^ and similarly coloured above. 

It seems distinct, with its yellow throat and cinnamomeous undor


surface. 

a. Ad. sk. Uruguay. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Oouohitas, Bu«nos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll. 
(Tvpe of the species.) 
c. d. Ad. sk. Ajo, Buenos Avros (Gibson). Salvin-Oodman Coll. 
e. <f ad. sk. Cordova, Arg. llop. (Doenng). ^ Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen of & sclater i.) 
25. Siptomis graminicola. 
Synallaxis graminicola, 
Sri. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 440, pi. lviii. iig. 2 
(C.Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874. p. &27 (C. Peru): id. Orn. Prr. 

ii. p. 140. 
This is certainly a close ally of $. wyatti, but appears to he a 

larger, finer bird, of a nearly uniform rich cinnamomeous beneath, and 

with a distinct rod gular spot as in #. anthoides. 1 have examined 

the type in the Warsaw Museum. 

Ilab. Peru. 

26. Siptornis wyatti. 
Synallaxis wyatti, Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 840 (Colombia); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 04; TFyatt, Ibix, 1871, p. 330 (Colombia); ScL 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 25; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 170 (Santa 
Marta); Berl et Taoz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 209 (W. Ecuador). 
Above brown, regularly streaked with blackish; margins of the 

lesser wing-coverts and band at the base of the wing-feathers rufous: 

beneath pale ochraceous, breast rather darker, feathers obsoletcly 

edged with brownish; throat white with a slight yellowish tinge; 

three lateral pairs of tail-feathers rufous; next pair blackish, edged 

and tipped with rufous; two central pairs blackish brown; bill 

rather long and straight: whole length (3 inches, wing 2, tail 1*6. 

Hob. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Paramo of Pamplona (Wijcdt). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b, c. S 
ad.; d. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. U. S. C. (Simons). 


e. $ ad. sk. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Sclater Coll. 
U. S. 0. (Simons). 
f. <$ ad. sk. Cechec, Ecuador (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. 
27. Siptornis virgata. 
Synallaxis virgata, Scl P. Z. S. 1874, p. 440 (C. Peru); Tacs. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 527 (C. Peru) j id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 141. 

Above brown varied with black, and down to the niiddlo of the 
back covored with longitudinal whitish striations, which are reddish 

DENDR0C0LAPTIDJ2. 

on the head; lower back not striated: "beneath white, middle of 
throat fulvous: flanks and lower belly pale brown, obsoletely 
striped with white; wings brownish black, with a rufous basal band 
on the inner webs of the remiges, and with a rufous external 
margin; under wing-coverts cinnamomeous ; tail brownish black, 
external rectrices varied with rufous; bill rather long : whole 
length 7*4 inches, wing 2-9, tail 3-8. 

Hah. Central Peru. 

Nearest to 8. flarnmidata, but larger, lower back not striated, and 
middle of the breast white. I have examined the typical specimen 
belonging to the Warsaw Museum. 

28. Siptornis fLammulata. 
Synallaxis fiammulata, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 82, pi. 56; Scl 
P. Z. S.1859, p. 194, 1860, p. 76 (Ecuador), et 1874, p. 2Q; Scl. 
et Salv. Nomencl p. 64; Tacz. P.Z.8. 1874, p. 527 (C. Peru); 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 139; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 9o 
(Ecuador). 
Synallaxis multostriata, 
Scl P. Z. S. 1857, p. 273, 1859; p. 194. et 
1869, p. 636 (Colombia). 

Above brownish black, with long striations of cinnamomeous 
white; front of head rufous with dense black striations ; wings 
blackish ; edges of lesser wing-coverts and broad band along the 
base of the remiges rufous: beneath dark brown, densely flammulated 
with white; throat fulvous white ; tail blackish brown with rufous 
edgings and tips; feathers much pointed : whole length 6 inches, 
wing 2*7, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hob. High Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

This is a well-marked species, densely striated above and below. 
Like the preceding, it is a high-ranging Andean form. Eraser 
obtained it at Panza, situated at an altitude of 14,000 feet on the 
slopes of Chimborazo. 

a. Ad. sk. Andes of Quito (Jameson). Jardine Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. 5 ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Ecuador. 
Ecuador. 
Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 

29. Siptornis maluroides. 
Synallaxis maluroi'des, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 42; d'Orb. Vor/.}
Ois. p. 238, pi. xiv. figs. 3, 4 ; Darwin, Zool Voy. ' Beagle/ iii! 

p. 77; Bp. Consp. i. p. 213; Scl. P. Z. 8 1859, p. 193 (Paraguay), 
et 1874, p. 26; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141 (rep. Arg.) • 
iid. Nomencl p. 64; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 180, et 1878, p. 61 
(Buenos Ayres); Barrotos, Bull Mitt. Orn. CI viii. p. 208 (Entrerios) 
j Scl et Ruds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 188. 
Above, front and middle of crown chestnut; hind head, neck, 

16. XENERPESTES. 
and back pale fulvous brown, thickly marked with longitudinal black 
shaft-spots; lores white ; wings blackish, the feathers edged with 
pale ochraceous, the basal part of the secondaries very pale brown, 
forming a transverse bar; tail pale chestnut-brown, the two middle 
feathers with a broad black mark on the inner web : beneath white, 
breast and flanks washed with pale brown, and freckled with very 
small dark brown spots; under wing-coverts white: bill and foot 
pale horn-colour: whole length 0*1 inches, wing 2, tail 2*9. 
Female similar. 

Hah. Argentina. 

This is a small short-winged species with long pointed middle 
tail-feathers, and easily recognizable by its red bead. 

a. <$ ad.: b,
Ad.sk. 
Rio Lin in, Buenos Ayres. IT. Durnford TCI. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. <$ ad. sk. 
Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. 
Buenos Ayres. 
Buenos Ayres (Hudson). 
Buenos Ayres (llaslehust). 
Buenos Ayres. 
Rio Negro, Patagonia. 
IT. Durnford [C.l. 
II. Durnford |_O.J. 
Sclater Coll. 
Stilvin-Godman Ooll. 
Sclater Ooll. 
W. H. Hudson [0.]. 

1G. XEKEKPESTES. 

Typo. 
Xenerpestes, Berlepsch, Ibis, 1880, p. 54 X. minlosi. 
This singular form from Colombia is quite unlike Synallasois in 

general appearance, being cinereous above and white below, and 
with the wing-coverts edged with white as in some of the Dendroecce. 
I agree, however, with its describor that we must for the 
present place it among the Dendroeolaptidce^ as it has ten fully 
formed primaries, and perhaps the neighbourhood of Synallaxis is 
as convenient a place for it as any other. 

The bill is short and incurved ; the tarsi rather strong; the wings 
rather long; the tail consists of twelve graduated feathers, soft, and 
rounded at their extremities. 

1. Xenerpestes minlosi. 
Xenerpestes minlosi, Berl Ibis, 188G, p. 54, pi. iv. 
Above olivaceous grey, darker on the head; frontal plumes finely 
striated with white; long superciliaries yellowish white; wing-
coverts edged with white, which forms two white wing-bands: 
beneath dirty yellowish white, crissum slightly spotted with grey : 
whole length 4 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1-8. Young striated beneath. 

Hub. Colombia, Bucaramanga. 

DE2STDROCOLA.PTID.2E. 

Subfamily III. PHILYDORINJE. 

In this subfamily I place the second division of the non-terrestrial 
bush-haunting Dendroeolaptidte, distinguished from the Synallaxinw 
generally by their longer, stronger bill, and shorter tail, but embracing 
forms of otherwise very varied structure and difficult to 
limit by common characters. 

The Phihjdorince are found throughout the Neotropical Region 
from Mexico to Argentina, but do not extend to the Antilles. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Bill more slender, slightly incurved. 
a. Head crested 17. COBYPHISTERA, p. 75. 
b. Head not crested. 
i Tail lengthened ; rectricespointed 18. ANUMBIUS, p. 75. 
(Tail short; rectrices rounded .. 19. LDINOPHYES, p. 76. 
B. Bill stronger, straight. 
c. Upper mandible pointed. 
a'. Tail-feathers narrowed, more or 
less pointed at ends. 
a". Wings short; rectrices soft .. 20. LOINOBNIS, p. 77. 
b". Wingslonger; rectrices slightly 

hardened. 
Bill shorter; rectrices slightly 
pointed 21. PSEUDOCOLAPTES, p. 77. 
Bill longer; rectrices much 

pointed 22. BEBLEPSCHIA, p. 79. 
b'. Tail-feathers broad; rounded at 
ends. 
c". Bill weak, feet moderate; stems 

of rectrices not projecting. 
I Wings short; tail long 23. PHACELODOMUS, p. 79. 
| Wings shorter; tail longer 24. TIIBIPOPHAGA, p. 83. 

d". Bill and feet very strong; stems 
of rectrices projecting 25. HOMOBUS, p. 85. 

d. Upper mandible more or less uncinated. 
e". Bill longer, more slender. 
( Larger; form stronger ... . 20. AXJTOMOLUS, p. 87. 
I Smaller; form weaker ... . 27. PELILYDOB, p. 96. 

f". Bill shorter, stouter 28. THBIPADECTES, p. 102. 

C. Bill more or less recurved. 
e. Upper mandible strongly hooked .. 29. ANCISTBOPS, p. 103. 
/ . Upper mandible pointed or very 
slightly hooked. 
g". Culm en slightly incurved. 
Smaller form; feet weak; 
gonys straight 30. HELIOBLETTJS, p. 104. 
Larger form; feet stronger; 

gonys ascending 31. ANABAZENOPS, p. 105. 
h". Culmen nearly straight; gonys 

much ascending, 
j Bill short; culmen straight 32. XENOPS, p. 110. 
< Bill longer; culmen very 
( slightly incurved 33. ANABATOIDES, p. 112. 

17 . CORYHIISTERA.—18. AJNTITHBIXTS. 75 
17. 
COBYPHISTERA. 
Typo. 
Goryphistera, Burm. Journ.f. 0. 18(50, p. 251 C. alaudina. 
This is a peculiar form, with a somewhat Lark-like plumage and 
small crest, restricted to Northern Argentina. Its strong feet show 
its terrestrial habits. The tail is rounded, the wings short. 
I am a little doubtful whethor (Jo njphi stem might not be bettor 
placed among tho Fimiariina\ but perhaps Anumbius is its nearest 
relation. 

1. Coryphistera alaudina, 
Corvphistera alaudina, Burm. J. f. 0. 1800, p. 251 (rep. Arg.); 
- id. La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 470; 'Scl P. Z. ft 1870, p. 57, pi, iii. 
(rep. Arg.); Scl. et Salv. Nometwl. p. (5 [; Salv. Ibis, 18K), p. i\oi) 
(rep. Arg.); White, P. Z. S. 18S3, p. 40 (rep. Arg,); Sol. et 
Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 188; Bert. J.f. 0. 1S87, p. 110 (Paraguay). 
Above pale brown with black striations ; head-crest brown with 
black points; wings blackish with brownish edgings, coverts and 
secondaries like the back ; tail chestnut-red, writh a broad terminal 
black band, two centralrectrices black : beneath greyish while with 
light brown striations ; under wing-coverts fulvous; bill and feet 
reddish : whole length 6 inches, wing 2*0, tail 2*4, Female similar. 

llab. Northern Argentina. 

a, b. c? § ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Rep. Sclater Coll. 
(White), 
c, d. $ ad.sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Eep. Salvin-GodmanOoll. 
(White), 

e. cS ad. sk. Salta, Arg. Rep. II. Pttrnford [0.1 
/. 2 ad.; g. Ad. sk. Tucuman, Arg. Hep. II Dumford [C.J. 
18. 
ANUMBIUS. rn 
Typo. 
Anumbius, dJOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 17 
(1838) A. acuticaudatus. 
Sphenopyga, Cab. et Hem. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. 28 
(1859) A. acuticaudatus, 

Anumbius is a well-known Argentine type, a kind of large SynaU 
taxis, but with a stronger and slightly incurved bill, short wings, 
strong feet, and much sharpened tail-feathers. It is an extraordinary 
nest-builder (see Arg. Orn. i. p. 190). 

1. Anumbius acuticaudatus. 
Furnarius anumbi, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xii. p. 117; id. EM. Meth. 
p. 513 {ex Azara).
An thus acuticaudatus, Less. Tr. (TOni. p. 424. 
Anumbius anthoides, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av.il p. 17; d'Orb. Voy.> 
Ois. p. 252. 
Synallaxis major, Gould in Darw. Voy.' Beagle] Zool. iii. p. 70, pi.22. 
Anumbius acuticaudatus, Bp. Consp.i.-p. 212; Burm. Journ. f. Orn. 

1860; p. 250; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 154; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1808, 

DEN-DEOCOLAPTIDJS. 

p. 141 (rep. Arg.) j iid. Nbmencl. p. 64; Sternb. J. f. 0. 1869, 
p. 265 (Buenos Ayres) ; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 181 (Buenos Ayres); 
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 612 (rep. Arg.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, 
p. 281 (Uruguay) ; Scl et Hurls. Arg. Orn. i. p. 189. 
Sphenopyga anuinbi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 29. 
Above earthy brown, forehead chestnut, superciliaries white; 
head, neck, and back marked with black striations; primaries 
blackish, secondaries pale chestnut-brown; tail black, all the 
feathers except the middle pair broadly tipped with cream-colour: 
beneath pale ochraceous brown, white on the throat, the white 
bordered on each side by numerous small black spots ; bill and feet 
pale horn-colour: whole length 8*3 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3*7. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. 

a. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay (Darwin). Zool. Soc. Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Maldonado. 
Burnett & Fitzroy 
DP.]. 

c. Ad. sk. Uruguay. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Uruguay. 
Alan Peel [0.]. 
e. Ad. sk. San Martin, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [0.]. 
/. c? ad. sk. Pacheco, Buenos Ayres (White). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. II. Durnford [0.1. 
h. 2 ad. j i. Ad. Lujan River, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.j. 
sk. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Flores, Buenos Ayres (White). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
'k. Ad. sk. La Plata. Bravard [0.]. 

I. Ad. sk. Parana, Arg. Rep. (Burmeister). Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Parana, Arg. Rep. (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. 
J ad. sk. San Torne', Corrientes, Arg. Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{White), 
o. Ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. EL Durnford [0.]. 
19. LDOOPHYES. 
Type. 
Limnophyes, Scl. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 34 L. curvirostris. 
The type of Limnornis being L. rectirostris, I have placed the 

present bird, which, although approximating to the former in general 
structure, is at once recognizable by its long incurved bill, under a 
separate generic title. Limnophyes is a true Reed-bird (cf. Arg. 
Orn. i. p. 191), and inhabits the marshes of Uruguay and Argentina. 
It has strong feet, short wings, and a short rounded tail. 

1. Limnophyes curvirostris. 
Limnornis 
curvirostris, Goidd, Zool. Yog. {Beagle,' Hi. p. 81, t. 25 
Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141 (rep. Arg.); iid. Nomencl. 

p. 64; Burm. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 6?>6 (rep. Arg.); Bumf. Ibis, 
1877, p. 182 (Buenos Ayres); Scl. et Buds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 191. 
Limnophyes curvirostris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 34. 

Above rufous-brown, brighter on the rump; lores and superciliaries 
white; wings and tail chestnut-brown: beneath white; 

20 . LTMNOENIS.—21. rSBtTDOCOIAPTES. 7 7 
flanks and under tail-coverts pale brown ; under wing-coverts white : 
bill and feet horn-colour: whole length 7 inches, wing 3, tail 2. 
Female similar. 

Bab. Uruguay and Argentina. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Maldonado. 0. Darwiu [0.]. 
c. Ad. sk.
d, e. <$ ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sic.; g.
Ad. sk. 
Monte Video. ft. 
Oonchitas, Buenos Ayres(Hudson). 
Belgrano, Buenos Ayres.
(Types of the speciey.) 
Durnford [0.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
II. Durnford I C.l. 
/*. Ad. sk.
i. <$ ad. sk.
k Ad. sk. 
Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. 
Eio Lilian. Buenos Ayres(White), 
Vicinity of Buenos Ayres(Ilaslehust). 
Alan Pool [C.]. 
Salvin-Godmah Coll. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 

20. 
LHENOENIS. ™ 
Type. 
Limnornis, Gould, Zool Voy.i Beagle] iii. p. 80 (1841).. L. rectirostris. 
The perfectly straight pointed bill renders this form at once 
distinguishable from Limnophyes, in company with which it was 
discovered by Darwin in the reed-beds of Uruguay. It has not yet 
been met with elsewhere. 

1. Limnornis rectirostris. 
Limnomis rectirostris, Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 80, t. xxvi. 
Head, all the upper surface, and wings reddish brown; tail and 
basal portion of the outer margins of the primaries and secondaries 
reddish chestnut-brown; stripe over the eye, throat, and all the 
under surface white, tinged, especially on the flanks, with fawncolour 
; bill orange at the base, the tip brown; logs pale bluish; 
claws white ; tongue bristled on the sides, near the extremity it is 
divided into little bristly points : whole length 7 inches, wing 2*8, 
tail 3-1, 

Bab. Uruguay. 

a. 
Ad. st. Maldonado, Uruguay. C. Darwin [0.]. 
(Type of the apeeies.) 
b. Ad. str Maldonado, Uruguay. (Probably same origin). 
21. PSEUDOCOLAPTES. T y Q 
Pseudocolaptes, Reichenb. Bandb. d. sp. Orn. p. 209 
(1853) P. boissoneauti. 
Otipne, Cab. et Bein. Mus. Bein, ii. p. 30 (1859) P. boissoneauti. 

Pseudocolaptes has a strong straight beak, elongated ear-tufts, 
long wings, and a long tail, with the stems of the rectrices rather 

DEKDRU CO LAPIID-E. 

hardened. It is quite a different form from the preceding genera, 
and is found only in the elevated Andean districts of South and 
Central America. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Neck-tufts white ; primaries and wing-coverts 
ferruginous-umber 1. boissoneauti, p. 78. 
B. 
Neck-tufts creamy buff ; primaries and wing-
coverts brownish black 2. lawrencii, p. 79. 
1. Pseudocolaptes boissoneauti. 
Anabates boissoneautii, Lafi\ Her. Zool. 1840, p. 104; ScL P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 141 j JBp.Consp. i. p. 211. 
Anabates auritus, Licht. in Mus. Berol.; Tsck. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, 

i. p. 294; id. Faun. Per. p. 239. 
Pseudocolaptes semicinnamomeus et Pseudocolaptes auritus, Beichb. 
Handb. p. 210. 
Pseudocolaptes boissoneautii, Sol. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 88 (Ecuador); id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 156; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 192 (Veragua) ; Scl. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870,p. 781 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 521 (Antioquia), 
p. 621 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 65 ; JBouc. P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 59 (Costa Rica); Bidgio. P. U. S. N. M. i. p. 254 (Costa Rica); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 52S; et 1880, p. 200 (Peru); id. Orn. Pfr. 
ii. p. 145 j Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 307 (Bucaramanga); Berl. et 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 299, et 1885, p. 96 (Ecuador). 
Otipne boissoneaui, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 30. 


Above dark brown; bead blackish; upper back covered with 

large yellowish shaft-spots; lower back bright rusty red; wings 

dark brown, with lighter brown edgings; tail uniform chestnut-

rufous : beneath, throat and lengthened ear-coverts white; breast 

more or less varied with blackish feather-margins; abdomen and 

under wing-coverts ferruginous: whole length 8 inches, wing 4, 

tail 3*8. Female similar. 

Hah. Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin, Antioquia, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
U. 8. C. (Salmon). 
b. <$ ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. {Salmon). Sclater Coll, 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. * Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. A. G. More, Esq. [P.], 
/ . Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Sierra Nevada, Merida, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Goering). 
L Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 

J. Ad, st. Venezuela. 
Purchased. 
k. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
C. Dyson [C.]. 
1. J ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n,o. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Andes of Ecuador (Jameson). Jardine Coll. 
q, r. Ad. sk, Tilotilo, Yucgas, Bolivia (Buclrfey). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
22. BERLBPSOniA.—23. HIACELODOMUS. 
70 

2. Pseudocolaptes lawrencii. 
Pseudocolaptes lawrencii, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. JV. M. i. p. 253 (1879) 
(Costa Rica). 

Nearly similar to P. hoissoneauti, but car-tuffs palo ochracoous; 

wings externally blackish, and not so strongly marked on the back. 
Hal. Costa Pica and Veragua. 
I am rather doubtful about the distinctness of this species, but 

should liko to examine a larger scries of specimens before condemn


ing it. 
a. (S ad. sk.
b. <$ ad. sk. 
Cordillera del Clmcu, Veragua(ArcS). 
Calobre, Veragua (Arce). 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

22. 
BERLEPSCHIA. 
Type. 
Berlepschia, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. x. p. 151 (1887) ... . B. rikori. 
Mr. Eidgway has most kindly sent me a specimen of this very 
curious bird for examination. It is remarkable for its very abnormal 
plumage, if it really belongs to this subfamily, as would 
appear to be the case. The long thin bill, short tarsi, sharp claws, 
and pointed tail-feathers are other noticeable features. It is found 
in Lower Amazonia. 

1. Berlepschia rikeri. 
Picolaptes rikeri, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. ix. p. 523 (1880). 
Berlepschia rikeri, Ridgw. op. cit. x. p. 151 (1887); ScL IMs, 1880, 

p. 851, pi. xi. 
Above chestnut-red; wings black; outer secondaries like the 
back; breast and neck black with white shaft-stripes: beneath 
thickly covered with black spots and stripes, less so on the throat; 
tail-feathers pointed, wholly chestnut-rod; bill plumbeous; feet 
black : whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 3*5. 

Hab. Lower Amazonia, near Santarem. 

23. PHACELODOMUS*. T 
Phacellodomus, Reichenb. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 109 (1852) P. frontalis. 
This small group consists of several species of eastern South 
America down to La Plata, allied to P. frontalis. They have a 
short, strong, and slightly incurved bill, short wings, and long-
graduated tails. Por a description of their remarkable nest-building 
habits, see Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 209. 

* From (paxeXos, a bundle—not Flacellodomtib ncr Phacellodomub, as often 
erroneously written. 
DENDEOCOLAPTTD^U. 

Key to the Species. 

A, Breast -white, not striated. ^ 

a. Larger; above nearly uniform, rufousb. Smaller; back earthy brown : 
j tail uniform brownj lateral rectrices rufous 
... . 1. ruber, p. 80. 
2. rufifrvns, p. 80. 
3. sibuatrix, p. 81. 
B. Breast more or less striated. 
a. Front rufous j crown brown 4. striaticeps, p. 81. 
b. Front and crown rufous: 
I wings brown 5. striaikollis, p. 82. 
j wings rufous 6. ruftpennis, p. 83. 

1. Phacelodomus ruber. 
Afiurnbi roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 217. 
Fumarius ruber, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xii. p. 118 ; id. Ene. Meth. 

p. 514. 
Anumbius ruber, dOrb. et Lafv. Syn. Av. ii. p. 18; dOrb. Voy., Ois 
p. 253; Eartl. Ind. Az. p. 14. 
Above nearly uniform chestnut-red; beneath white; sides and 
crissum rufescent. 
Hah. Paraguay and Bolivia. 

a. Jx. sk. Bolivia (?). T. Bridges [C.]. 
2. Phaeelodomus rofifrons. 
Anabates rurlfrons, Max. Beise, ii. p. 177 (1821); id. Beitr. iii. 
p. 1191; Spiv, Av. Bras. I p, 84, pi 8o. fig. 1. 
Sphenura frontalis, Licht. Doubl. p. 42 (1823). 
Malurus garrulus, Sw. Zool. III. pi. 138. 
Anumbius frontalis, d'Oi'b. Voy., Ois. p. 256; Burm. Syst. Veb. iii. 
p. 36. 
Phacellodomus rurlfrons, Reichb. Handb. i. p. 1G9. 
Anumbius rurlfrons, Bp. Consp. i. p. 212. 
Phacellodomus frontalis, Cab. et Mein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 28; Burm. 
J. f. 0. 18G0, p. 25 (rep. Aw?.); id. Za-Plata Beise, ii. p. 407; 
Scl Cat. A. B. p. 154; Scl et Salv. P. Z.S. 3868, p. 627 (Venezuela) 
; iid. Nowmcl. p. 65; Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 183 (Buenos 
Ayres); Tacz. P. Z.S. 1879, p. 231, et 1880, p. 200 (N. Peru); 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 143; Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 192-, White. 
P. Z. S. 1882, p; 612 (rep. Arg.). 
Phacellodomus 
sincipitalis, Cab. J.f.O. 1883, p. 109 (Tucuman); 
White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 433 (Buenos Ayres); Berl J.f.O. 1887, 

p. 119 (Paraguay). 
Phacellodomus 
inornatus, Bidgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. 1887, p. 152 
(Venezuela). 

Above uniform earthy brown ; front rufous : beneath dirty white; 
flanks and crissum brownish; inner margins of wing-feathers and 
under wing-coverts fulvous: whole length §'b inches, wing 2'5, 
tail 2*5. Female similar. 

23 . PHAOELODOMUS. 
Uak Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, and Northern Argentina. 
The Venezuelan form (P, inomatus) has not quito so much 
rufous on the front, which is also duller in colour. 

a. $ jr. sk.
0. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Salta, rep. Arg. 
Bolivia {Bridges), 
Bolivia. 
II. Dumford [0.]. 
Eyton Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
a. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk. 
Matto Grosso {II. II. Smith). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sudbury Mus. 
Purchased. 
g. h. Ad.;
i Jr. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
j , k. Ad. sk.
1. Ad. sk.
m. $ jr. sk,
n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Guajango, Peru (Stolzmanri). 
Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Sclater Coll. 

3. Phacelodomus sibilatrix. 
Phacellodomus 
sibilatrix, Doering MS., Scl P. Z. S. 1879, p. 461; 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 621 (Bolivia); White, P. Z. S. 1882, 

p. 612; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 209; (Scl. et Buds, 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 192. 
Above earthy brown j front and lesser wing-coverts rufous; tail 
with three lateral pairs of rectrices wholly rufous, next pair brown 
with the outer webs rufous; two central pairs brown: beneath dirty 
white, flanks and crissum tinged with rufous: whole length 5*5 
inches, wing 2*2, tail 2*4. 

Eab. Northern Argentina. 
The rufous lesser wing-coverts and lateral rectrices distinguish 
this species from P. frontalis. 

a. $ ad. sk. Cordova, rep. Arg. (Schuh). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
4. Phacelodomus striaticeps. 
Anumbius striaticeps, tfOrb.et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 19; dOrb. Voy.}
Ois. p. 254; Scl et Sah. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678 (Peru). 
Phacellodomus striaticeps, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 599, et 1876, 

p. 16 (Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 65; Tacz. Orn. Bir. ii. p. 144. 
Above earthy brown; rump and lesser wing-coverts rufous ; front 
striated with rufous; lores and slight superciliaries white: beneath 
dirty white; breast-feathers marked with narrow bright white 
shaft-stripes ; flanks, crissum, and nnder wing-coverts cinnamomeoiis; 
tail rufous; central rectrices blackish brown: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3, tail 3. 

Eab. Bolivia and Peru. 

I have compared "Whitely's skins of this species with one of 
d'Orbigny's types. The front in this bird is like that of P. rufifrons, 
but not quite so bright. 

VOL. xv. 
<* 

DENDROCOLAPTID^E, 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Wliitehj). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Tmt^V^m (Whitehj). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Tinta, Peru. H. "Whitely [C.]. 

5. Phacelodomus striaticollis. 
Anmnbius striaticollis,d?Orb. et Zafr, Syn, An. ii, p. 18; d'Orb. Voy., 

Ois. p. 255. 

Phacellodomus striaticollis, Berl J. / . O. 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay); 

Sol. et JSkids. Arg, Orn. i. p. 194. 

Phacellodomus rnaculipectus, Cab. J.f. 0.1888, p. 309 (Tucuman). 

Phacellodomus ruber, Burm. J. f. 6. 1860, p. 250 (rep. Arg.); id, 

La~Plata Reise, ii. p. 467 ; ScL et Salv, Nomencl. p. 65; iid. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 621 (Bolivia); Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 183 (Buenos Ayres); 
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL viii. p. 210; Gibs. Ibis, 1885, p. 281 
(Uruguay) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 194. 

Above earthy brown; cap chestnut; tail brown, external rec


trices much tinged with rufous: beneath dirty white; breast 

strongly tinged with rufous and marked with bright white shaft-

stripes ; flanks and crissum brownish: whole length 7*2 inches, 

wing 2'Q, tail 3. Female similar. 

Eab. Uruguay and Argentina. 

This species, which is common in the Argentine Bepublic, has 

been unfortunately referred to P. ruber by several authors, and 

under that name Mr. Hudson and I have described it in our ' Argen


tine Ornithology.5 It was only last year that I discovered the error, 

on examining d'Orbigny's specimens in the Paris Museum. 

This species is distinguished by its rufescent breast, which is 

finely marked by bright white shaft-stripes. 

a. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. C. Darwin [C.]. 
b. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay (Gibson). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad.; e. Jr. Parana (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
/. tfjr. sk. Bio Parana. PL Durnford [C.l 
g,h.<3 $ad.; Belgrano, Buenos Aires. H. Durnford [C.j. 

i. Jr. sk. 
A*. Jr. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Aires. H. Durnford [0.1 
I Ad.sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Aires Sclater Coll. 
( White). 

m. tfad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Aires Sclater Coll. 
{Hudson). 
n. 
Jr.sk. Kio Lujan, Buenos Aires Sclater Coll. 
( White). 
o. Ad. sk. Tucuman (Schidz), Sclater Coll. ) Authentic 
( specimens of 
p. 
Ad. sk. Tucuman (Schulz). Salvin-God- f P. macidiman 
Coll. J pecitis. Cab. 
q. Ad. sk. Paraguay. 
Sclater Coll. 
24 . THRIPOPHAGA. 
83 

6. 
Phacelodomus rufipeimis. (Plate V.) 
Phacellodoinus mfipennis, Scl P. Z. S. 1880, p. 33. 

Above reddish earthy brown; head, rump, wings, and tail 
brighter, clear rufous; lores whitish; wing-end pale blackish: 
beneath creamy white; breast slightly washed with rufous, and 
marked with bright shaft-stripes ; flanks and crissum pale rufous; 
under wing-coverts dark rufous; bill pale brown, under mandible 
whiter: feet pale brown : whole length 8 inches, wing 2*7, tail 3*7. 

Hab. Bolivia and interior of Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Ooll. (Type of 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. st.
d. $ ad. sk. 
Bolivia {Bridges). 
Bolivia. 
Ohapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil(JZ1 JET. Smith). 
the species.) 
Eyton Coll. 
T. Bridges [0.], 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

24. 
THKIPOPHAGA. 
Type. 
Thripophaga, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 338 (1847). T. striolata. 
This little group is not very different from Phacelodomus, but has 
shorter wings and a longer and more graduated tail. It is found 
in South America from Colombia to Southern Brazil. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Breast striated. 
( Cap striated with rufous 1. striolata, p. 83. 
| Cap not striated .................... 2. guttuligera, p. 84. 
B. Breast not striated. 
a. Front of head rufous. 
\ Breast brown 3. erythrophthalma} p. 84. 
I Breast bright rufous 4. sclateri, p. 84. 
b. Front and head pale ashy brown 5. fusciceps, p. 85. 
1. Thripophaga striolata, 
Sphenura striolata, Licht. JDouW. p. 42 (1823). 
Anabates striatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 83. 
Anabates striolatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. I. pi. 83. fig. 2; Temm. PL Col. 


238. fig. 1; Max. Beitr. iii. -p. 1182. 
Anabates macrourus, Max. Beise n. Bras. ii. p. 147. 
Xenops striolatus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 318. 
Xenops ruficollaris, Less, Cent. Zoot. p. 101, pi. 36. 
Thripophaga striolata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 212; Btirm. Syst. Tleb. iii. 
p. 35; Cab. et Eein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 30; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 156; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 65. 
Above dark brown, with narrow shaft-stripes of deep rufous on 
the head and broader shaft-stripes of yellowish rufous on the upper 
back ; wings blackish, with rufous edgings; tail uniform pale ferruginous 
: beneath pale brown, breast and belly covered with pale 

DENDEOCOLAPIIDiE. 

fulvous striations, which hecome fainter towards the vent; centre 
of throat and upper wing-coverts pale ferruginous; whole length 
7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3*3. Female similar. 

Eab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. st.
5, c, Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wueherer). 
C. Wilson, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e~i. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

2. Thripophaga guttuligera. 
Thripophaga guttuligera, Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 167 (Colombia)* Scl* 
et Salv. Noniencl. p. 65. 

Above olive-brown* interscapulium sparingly striped with fulvous 
; wings blackish, edged with rufous • tail uniform chestnut; 
beneath olive-brown, densely covered with oval shaft-spots of pale 
fulvous; throat nearly altogether fulvous; flanks and crissum 
brownish : whole length 6 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-7. 

Eab. Colombia. 
Easily distinguished from the preceding species by its plain 
unstriped head. 

a, Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 

b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Gfodman Coll. 
3* Thripophaga erythropMhalma. 

Anabates erythrophthalmus, Max. JReise in Bras. ii. p. 147 (1821) ; id, 
Beitr. iii. p. 1175; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 44; JBp, Consp. i. 

p. 210; Burnt. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 30. 
Anabates aradoides, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1832, Ois. pi. 8. 
Thripophaga erythrophthalma, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 156; Scl. et Salv. 
Namend, p. 05. 

Above olive-brown; front and fore part of head bright rufous• 
tail chestnut-red: beneath brown; throat and middle of neck 
rufous : whole length 7*3 inches, wing 2'5, tail 3. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a, Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

4. Thripophaga sclateri. 
Thripophaga sclateri, jBerlepsch, Ibis, 1883, p. 490, pi. xiii. (Brazil). 
Above olive-brown, front and cap bright rufous; tail chestnut, 
four middle rectrices brown like the back: beneath chestnut, 
middle of belly passing into fulvous ; flanks and crissum brownish; 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 3*6. 

Eab. Southern Brazil. 

25. HOMORTTS.
Nearly allied to T. erytliroplthahna, but distinguished by the 
brown colour of the central roctriccs and by tho chestnut colour of 
the throat being extended over tho breast, also by the fulvous 
colour of the middle of tho belly. 

a.Ad.sk. Pelotas^Bio Grande do Sul, Selater Coll. 
Brazil (Jfoyner). 

b. 2 ad, sk. Pelotas, Ilio Grando do Sul, Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
c (S ad. sk. San Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. E, Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
5. Thripophaga fusciceps. 
Thripophaga fusciceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 33. 

Above earthy brown; head paler, somewhat cinereous; interscapulium 
washed with rufous ; edgings of wings and whole tail 
chestnut-red: beneath yellowish earthy brown, with very narrow 
brighter shaft-stripes on the breast; under wing-coverts bright 
rufous; bill yellowish brown; feet pale brown: whole length 6*7 
inches, wing 3*2, tail 3*5. 

Hah. Bolivia. 

«, b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. (Types 
of the species.) 

c. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll. 
25. HOMORTIS. m 
Type. 
Iiomorus, JReichenb. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 172 (1853) .. II. lopkotes. 
Pseudoseisura, Beiohenk op. cit. p. 172 (L853) II. gutturalis. 

This group consists of two typical and a third somewhat aberrant 
species of large dimensions. They are distinguished by their strong 
and much compressed bills and large feet, and have the head more 
or less crested. The rectrices are broad, but have just the tips 
pointed and the stems, which are somewhat hardened, slightly projecting. 
They range from Southern Brazil to Patagonia. 

Key to the Species. 

A, Not uniform chestnut. 
j Above brown, beneath paler; throat rufous .. 1. bpliotes, p. 85. 
j Above cinereous, beneath paler; throat white. % gutturalis, p. 8G. 

B. Uniform chestnut above and beneath 3. cristatus, p. 80. 
1. Homorus lophotes. 
Anabates cristatus, cl'Orb. et Lafr. Byn. Av.ii. p. 15; d>Orb, Voy. 
Ois. p. 258 (?). 
Anabates uniruius, Burm. La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 406. 

8 6 
DENDKOCOLAPIIDiE 

Homorus unirufus, Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl. p. 65; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 621 (Bolivia); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 612. 
Homorus lopkotes, 
Reichenb. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 172; Barrows, 
Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 212; Scl. Ibis, 1885, p. 283; Hudson, 
Ibis, 1885, p. 283 (rep. Arg.) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 195, 
pi. ix. 

Above sandy brown, crested head darker, rump more rufous; 

tail uniform rusty red: beneath similar but paler: whole length 

9 inches, wing 4"8, tail 4*3. Female similar. 

Hah. Argentina and Uruguay. 

a. $ 
ad. sk, Mendoza, Arg. Rep. (Weiss- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
haupt). 
b. c. M. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. Purchased. 
d, e. <$ 9 ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(White). 

f. Ad. sk. Cordova, Arg. Rep. (White). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. tfad. sk. Catamarca, Arg. Rep. (White), Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.l 
i. Ad. sk. Bella Vista, Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.l. 
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia (?). 
Sclater Coll. 
2. Homorus gutturalis. 
Anabates 
gutturalis, d?Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 15 (1838) j 
d'Orb. Voy. Ois. p. 257, pi. Iv. fig. 3; Burm. La-Plata Beise, ii. 

p. 467. 
Homorus gutturalis, Scl. et Muds. P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 545, 54:8, 549 
(Patagonia); iid. Arg. Orn. i. p. 197 • Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 65 • 
Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 36 (Chupat), et 1878, p. 396 (0. Patagonia) j 
Hudson, Ibis, 1885, p. 284 (rep. Arg,). 

Above cinereous, with a slight brownish tinge; wings and tail 

blackish, with paler edgings: beneath as above, but paler ; middle 

of throat pure white : whole length 9 inches, wing 4*3, tail 4. 

Female similar. 

Hab. Western Argentina and N. Patagonia. 

a, b. d ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. ( Weiss- Sclater Coll. 
haupt). 


c. Ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. ( Weiss- Purchased. 
haupt). 
d. 2 
ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. (Weiss- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
haupt). 
e. $ ad, sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia Sclater Coll. 
(Hudson). 
f. 
$ ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hudson). 
g. Ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia. W. Hudson [C.]. 
h, i S $ ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C.]. 
3. Homorus cristatus. 
Anabates cristatus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 83, pi. 84: Bp. Consp. i. 
p. 210; Burm. Syst TJeb. iii. p. 26. 
26 , AtTTOMOLUS. 

Xenops cristatus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 817. 
Homorus cristatus, Reichb. Handb. p. 173 ; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hew. 


ii. p. 31 j Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 150; Sal et Sah. Nomencl p. 05. 
Above and beneath nearly uniform chestnut-red ; crest -well developed 
: whole length 9 inches, wing 4, tail 4. Female similar. 
Uab. S.E. Brazil. 


a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
E. Wilson, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. Para. 
Ii. Graham, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wticherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bio, Brazil 
Sclater Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Oorumba, Matto Grosso, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (II.II. Smith). 
/, g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll. 
26. 
ATTTOMOLUS * 
Type. 
Automolus, Reicherib. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 173 
(1853) A. sulphurascens. 
Cichlocolaptes, Reicherib. ibid. p. 174 (1853) A. ferruginolontus. 
Ipoborus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 31 (1859). A. sulphurascens. 

This section embraces tlie larger and stronger forms of the group 
formerly called Anabates. The bill is rather produced and compressed, 
slightly hooked at the extremity of the upper mandible. 
The wings are short, the tail rather long, more or less graduated, 
and always of a uniform rufous. 

The range of Automolus extends all over the wooded districts of 
the Neotropical Region from Mexico to Southern Brazil. 

Key to tlie Sjpecies. 

.. Beneath more or less striated. 

a. Larger: breast striated. 
a'. Back striated. 
I Throat fulvous-white 1. ferruginolentus, p. 88. 
(Throat striated like breast...... 2.'holottidus, p. 80. 

i 
i 
b'. Back not striated. 
Throat with large ferruginous 
shaft-spots 3. rufo-brunneuS) p. 89. 
Throat with narrower fulvous 
shaft-stripes 4. ignobilis, p. 89. 

b. Smaller: head above and fore neck 
stiiated; breast nearly plain. 
I Throat-spots distinct, fulvous with 
i black margins 5. striaticeps, p. 90. 
(Throat-spots indistinct, whitish 6. subidatus, p. 90. 

* Refer also to:— 
1. A. assimilis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 501 (W. Ecuador). 
Bb 
DENDK0C0IAPTID2E. 

B, Beneath not definitely striated. 

e. Throat rufous 
7. rubiginosus, p. 91. 
d. Throat fulvous. 
a'. Head rufous 8, rubidus, p. 91. 
W. Head brown. 
«". With a superciliary stripe more or 
less distinct. 
a,,f. Larger: bill longer 9. cervinigularis, p. 91. 
b"\ Smaller: bill shorter. 

j Cheeks fulvous 10. ochrolcemus, p. 92. 
j Cheeks brown 11. turdinus, p. 93. 
b". Without a superciliary stripe ... . 12. melanopezus, p. 93. 

e. Throat white. 
c'. Breast brown; with a superciliary 
stripe. 
c". With long white superciliaries .. 13. albigularis, p. 93. 
d". With short ochraceous super


ciliaries. 
\ Above brown 14. pallidigularis, p. 94. 
(Above rufous 15. dorsalis, p. 94. 

d\ 
Breast white; no superciliary stripe, 
I Head rufous-brown 16. leucojphihalmus, p. 95. 
(Head olivaceous brown 17. sclaten, p. 95. 

1. Axttomolus ferniginoleutns. 
Anabates ferruginolentus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1166; Bp. Consp. i. 

p. 211. 
Anabates leucophrys, Jard. et Salb. III. Orn. pi. 93. 
Cichlocolaptes ferruginolentus, Beictib. ffandb. p. 174. 
Furaarius leucophrys, Beichb. ibid. p. 205. 
Anabatoides ferruginolentus, Btirm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 25. 
Sphenura dendrocolaptes, Licht. Mus. Berol. 
Ipoborus ferruginolentus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 31. 
Automolus ferruginolentus, 861. Cat. A. B. p. 157; Scl. et Salv. 
Nommcl. p. 65. 

Above dark rufous-brown; head and upper back covered with 
pale ferruginous shaft-stripes; superciliaries long and distinct, 
ochraceous white; wings blackish, edged with rufous-brown; rump 
and tail uniform pale ferruginous: beneath pale ochraceous, with, 
distinct dusky margins to the feathers of the breast and belly; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers ochraceous: whole 
length 9 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*7. Female similar. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 
The large size and the striped plumage both above and beneath 
render this species easily distinguishable. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Ld. Stuart de Rothesay [P.], 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Grande, Brazil (Bogers). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil (Stick). Jardine Coll. 
26. ATTTOMOLFS. 
SO 

2. Automolus holostictus. (Plato VI.) 
Automolus holostictus, Sol et Salu. F. Z. S. 1875, p, 642, et 1870, 
p. 522 (Antioquia). 
Automolus holostictus striatidorsus, Berl et Tacz. 1\ Z. S. 1884, 
p. 299 (W. Ecuador). 
Above blackish brown, head and upper back distinctly striped 
with pale ochraceous shaft-stripes; wings blackish, edged with 
rufous-brown• rump and tail uniform chestnut: beneath olivaceous 
brown; throat, breast, and upper belly marked with pale ochraceous 
shaft-spots; under wing-eoverts and inner margins of the wings 
bright ochraceous: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*£>. 
Female similar. 

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

This is a very short-winged species, and has a shorter bill and 
feebler feet than A. femigiaolentus. 

a. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon), (Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Medelliu, Antioquia, U. S. C. T. K. Salmon [C.]. 
c. d. <$ $ ad.sk. Santa Elena, XJ. b. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. (S ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. 0. (Salmon), Sclater Coll. 
3. Automolus rufo-brunneus. 
Philydor rufo-brunneus, Laior. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 127, et ix. 
p. 106 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J.f. 0. I860, p. 304 (Costa Rica); 
Bouc. F. Z. S. 1878, p. 59 (Costa Rica); Berl Fr. U. S. N. M. 
1888, p. 505. 
Above deep olive-brown; head darker, and with the centres of 
the feathers slightly paler ; rump and tail dark chestnut-red: beneath 
rufous-brown; throat and upper breast densely covered with large 
shaft-spots of rich ferruginous; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of the wings deep ochraceous; bill black • feet brown: 
whole length 8*5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*5. 

Hob. Costa Rica. 

This is a large species of a generally reddish-brown plumage, but 

with the throat and breast of a deep ferruginous. It appears to 

" have its nearest ally in A. rubiginosus " (e/. Berlepsch, I. s. c). 

a b, c. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers), Salvin-Godman Coll* 
df e. Ad. sk. Irazu distr,, Costa Rica (Foyers). Sclater Coll. 


4. Automolus ignobilis. 
Automolus 
ignobilis, Sol et Salv. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 522 (Antioquia); 
Berl et Tacz. F. Z. S. 1884, p. 300 (W. Ecuador). 

Above ferruginous brown; rump and tail dark chestnut: beneath 
paler, sides of the head, throat, and breast marked with bright 
ochraceous shaft-stripes ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 

DENDEOCOLAPTID-aE. 

wing-feathers deep ochraceous: whole length 7*8 inches, wing 3*5, 
tail 3. 
Hab. Antioquia, Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. 0. (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
5. Automolus striaticeps. 
Anabates melanorhynchus, Tsch. F. P.,Aves,-p. 241, t. xxi. fig. 1 (?). 
Automolus striaticeps, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 528 (C.Peru) ; id. Orn. 
Per. n. p. 148 j Scl. et Salv. P.Z.8. 1875, p. 37 (Colombia and 
Peru), et 1879, p. 621 (Bolivia); Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 96 

(Ecuador). 

Above olive-brown, head blackish; whole head and upper back 
marked with narrow shaft-stripes of pale ochraceous : rump and 
whole tail chestnut: beneath yellowish olive-brown ; throat and 
fore neck fulvous with blackish edgings to the feathers; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers deep ochraceous ; bill 
black; feet dark brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*5. 

Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c.Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Machay, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 
f. Ad. sk. Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6. Automolus subulatus. 
Sphenura subulata, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 82, pi. 83. fig. 1. 
Anabates melanorhynchus, 8el. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 61. 
Automolus subulatus, Scl. Cat. A. B.y. 158; Scl et Salv. P.Z.8. 


1873, p. 270 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl p. 65 • Tacz. Orn. P4r. ii. 

p. 149. 
Ipoborus stictoptilus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1873, p. Q6: Tacz. P. Z.S. 1874, 
p. 528, et 1882, p. 26. 
Above rufous-brown; head and upper back marked with narrow 
ochraceous shaft-stripes; rump and tail chestnut: beneath paler, 
throat and fore neck covered with large shaft-spots of pale ochraceous 
white with dark edgings to the feathers; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of wings deep ochraceous * bill rather long and 
straight: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*5. 

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. 

In this species the shaft-stripes on the head are much less distinct 
than in A. striaticeps, and the throat is much paler in colour and 
less distinctly marked. 

a. Ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad, sk. Napo, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
26. AXJTOMOWJS. 
9 1 
7. Automolus rubiginosus. 
Anabates rubiginosus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 2850, p. 288 (Mexico); Scl, 
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 117: Sumiclirast: Mem, BosL S. i\7. K i. 

p. 555. 
Automolus rubiginosus, Sol Cat. A. B. p. 157; Sel. et Salv. JNbmend. 
p. 65. 
Above rufous-brown ; edgings of wings and rump rusty red; tail 

dark chestnut: beneath brighter, more ferruginous; throat and 

under wing-coverts rusty red: whole length 8 inches, wing 3*0, 

tail 3*6. Female similar. 

Hal, Mexico and Guatemala. 

The large size and generally rubiginous colour of this species 

render it easily distinguishable. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Mexico (Salle). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk. Cohan, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Savana Grande, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
e. (S ad. sk. Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
f. 
$ ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Diego Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
g. 
$ ad. sk. Calderas, "Volcan de Fuego Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
h. Ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego Sclater Coll. 
(Salvin). 
i. 
Ad. sk. Guatemala. Gould Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
Jardine Coll. 
8. Automolus rubidus. (Plate VII.) 
Automolus rubidus, Sel P. Z. S. 1883, p. 654 (Brazil). 
Above earthy brown ; cap, sides of head, rump, and tail rufous; 
wings externally rufescent ; wing-coverts like the back: beneath 
paler, passing into oehraceous; crissum rufous; under wing-coverts 
and inner margins of remiges cinnamomeous: whole length 8*3 
inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*5. 
Bab, Brazil. 
This is a fine large species with a somewhat compressed and 
elongated bill. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. Automolus cervinigularis. 
Anabates 
cervinigularis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 288, et 1859, p. 382; 
Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 35. 
Automolus cervinigularis, Scl Cat. A, B. p. 158; Salv. P, Z. S. 1867, 

p. 143 (Veragua); Law. Ann. Lyc. K T. ix. p. 106 (Costa Rica); 
Frantz. J.f. 0. 1809, p. 304 (Costa Rica) ; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl 
p. 65. 
DENDKOCOLAPTID-aE. 

Above earthy brown; cap darker; snperciliaries and sides of head 
cinnamomeous; rump and tail chestnut: beneath pale brown; 
throat and under wing-coverts cinnamomeous ; crissum rufous: 
whole length 7*9 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*2. Female similar. 

Hab. Mexico and Central America down to Yeragua. 

The much paler cinnamomeous throat and distinct superciliaries 
at once distinguish this species from A. rabiginosus. Southern 
specimens are mostly smaller, and the fore neck is slightly mottled, 
in which respects they come near to the two following species. 

a. d ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad.sk. 
Mexico (Salle). 
Cordova, Mexico. 
Near City of MexicoWhite), 
(G. JS. 
Sclater Coll. ) 
A. Salle [C.]. j 
(Types of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e,f. (S $ ad. sk. Sources of the Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 

g. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. (S ad. sk. Valza, Costa Rica (CarmioV). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Canniol). 
Sclater Coll. 
I. <$ ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS), 
Sclater Coll. 
n, 
<S ad. sk. Bibalaz, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Probably different.) 

o. Ad. sk. Honduras (?). 
Purchased. 
10. Automolus ochrolaemus. 
Anabates ochrolaemus, Tsch. Faun. Per,, Aves, p. 240, pi. 20. fig. 2; 
Bp. Consp, i. p. 211. 

Automolus ochrolaemus, Scl Cat, A. B. p. 158; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl, p. 65; Tacz, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 527 (C. Peru): id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 150. 

PhUydor ochrolsemus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 86 (Peru): Sol. et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 269 (E. Peru). 
Philydor turdinus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 184 (Ucayali). 
Above earthy brown, head rather darker, slight superciliaries 
and sides of head fulvous ; upper tail-coverts and tail chestnut-red : 
beneath rather paler, throat and under wing-coverts fulvous : whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3*2. 

Hab. Upper Amazonia and Colombia. 
This species is very closely allied to the next, but has more 
fulvous on the sides of the head, and is of a darker colour beneath. 

a. Ad. sk. East Peru (Tschudi). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckle]/). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. 
E. Bartlett [C.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
26. AUTOMOLTTS. 
11. Automolus turdinus. 
Anabates turdinus, Bek. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xxxiv. p. 110; id. Oni. 
Bras. p. 41. 
Philydor turdinus, Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 4^0 (Guiana). 

Above earthy brown; slight superciliaries and lino round tho 
eye fulvous; rump and tail chestnut: beneath much paler, and 
strongly tinged with ochraceous; throat pale ochraceous; crissum 
and under wing-coverts rufous: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*5, 
tail 2*6. 

Hal. Lower Amazonia and Guiana. 
Much paler beneath than A. ochrolwmus, and bill apparently 
shorter. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Barra, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(batterer). (Authentic specimen.) 
b. $ ad. * Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad.sk. (JVhiteltj). 
d. 2 ad. ; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
e. Ad. sk. ( Whitely). 
12. Automolus melanopezus. 
Anabates melanopezus, ScL JP. Z. S. 1858, p. 61. 
Automolus melanopezus, ScL Cat A. B. p. 158 j JScl et Salv. 
Nommch p. 65. 

Above earthy brown, rump more rufescent; tail chestnut-red: 
beneath pale ashy brown, paler on the throat and middle of the 
belly; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
bright cinnamomeous; feet dark: whole length 7*0 inches, wing 3*2, 
tail 3-1. 

Hal. Eastern Ecuador. 
The absence of a superciliary stripe distinguishes this species 
from the two preceding. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
13. Automolus albigularis. 
Philydor albigularis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 450 (Brit. Guiana); 
Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 420 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above earthy brown with a rufous tinge, head rather darker; 
long narrow superciliaries white; tail and upper tail-coverts chestnut 
: beneath much paler; throat white; crissum rufous; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; 
feet dark: whole length 6-Q inches, wing 3*2, tail 3. Ftmale 
similar. 

Hab. British Guiana. 

94 
DEtfDROCO LAPTIDiE. 

a, b. $ ad.; Roraima, British Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. J ad. sk. 
(Types of the species.) 
d. S ad.; Roraima, British Guiana {Whitely). 
Sclater Coll. 
e. 2 a(i- sk. 
14. Automolus pallidigularis. 
Anabates ochrohemus ?, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 319 (Panama). 
Automolus pallidigularis, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 465 
(Panama) et ix. p. 106 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. F. 0. 1869, 

p. 304 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 192 (Veragua) ; Scl. 
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 65; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 354 (Panama), 
1879, p. 522 (Antioquia); llidyw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 404 
(Nicaragua). 
Above earthy brown, slight superciliaries and line round the eye 
ochraceous ; rump and tail chestnut: beneath pale brown, throat 
white; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
bright ochraceous ; feet pale : whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3-3, 
tail 2S. Female similar. 

Hob. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 
This is a southern representative of A. cervinigularis, but smaller 
in size, and with a much paler throat. 

a. S ad.sk.
b. (S ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. <$ ad. sk.
e. S ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad.sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. 2 ad. sk. 
Costa Rica {CarmioT). 
Bugaha, Chiriqui {Arce). 
Chiriqui {Arce). 
Boquete de Chitra, Veragua 
{Arce). 
Panama {McLeannan). 
Panama {McLeannan). 
Panama &feLeannan). 
Panama ^f^eannan). 
Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
;. Ad. sk.
(Salmon). 
Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
{Lllingioorth). 
Sta. Rita, Ecuador {Villayomez). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. Ad. sk. Demerara (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

15. Automolus dorsalis. 
Automolus dorsalis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 158 (Ecuador). 
Above olivaceous with a strong rufous tinge; superciliaries ochraceous 
; rump and tail chestnut: beneath ochraceous, paler in the 
middle; flanks like the back; throat nearly white; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers ochraceous: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3'2. 

Hab. Ecuador. 
Similar to A. pallidigularis^ but with the back above deep rufous 
and the rectrices rather pointed. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
26. ATJIOMOLTTS. 
16. Automolus leucophtMmus. 
Anabates leucophthalmus, Max. Iteise, ii. p. 141 (1821); id. fieitr. 
iii. p, 1170; Up. Consp. i. p. 210 ; Burn. 8yst. Ueb. iii. p. 27. 
Automolus sulphurascens, Iteickb. llandb. p. 174; 8cl. Cat. A. R 

p. 157; 8cl. et Sail). NomencL p. 05. 
Ipoborus sulphurascens, Cab. et Jlein. Mas, Hein. ii. p. 31. 
Above rufous-brown; rump and tail chestnut: beneath dirty 
white, throat white• sides of breast, belly, and crissum brownish; 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous 
: whole length 7*7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3-2, FanaU 
similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Twceddale Coll, 
e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
g. 
$ ad. sk. Lago dos Patos, Rio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sul, Brazil (Rogers), 
h. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
17. Automolus sclateri. 
Anabates infuscatus, 8cl. Ann. ty Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 468 (nee 

Temm.). 
Anabates sclateri, Pelz. Site. AJcad. Wlen, xxxiv. p. 132. 
Automolus sclateri, 8cl. Cat. A. B. p. 157; Scl et Sah. P. Z. S. 

1867, p. 750, et 1878; pp. 185, 270 (Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 65; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 26 (N.E. Peru) j id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 151; 
8ah. Ibis, 1885, p. 420 (Brit. Guiana). 

Anabates amazonus, Lafr. MS. 

Above olive-brown; edges of wings somewhat rufescent; rump 
and tail chestnut: beneath pale ashy white, clearer on the throat; 
flanks and crissum dusky; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of wing-feathers pale cinnamomeous: whole length 7*7 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. Amazonia, Guiana, and Eastern Ecuador. 
This is a close ally of A. leucojphthalmus, but easily known by its 
olive-brown colour above and the paler colour beneath. 

a. Ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
b. c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. j ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <5 ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
f. Ad. sk. E. Peru. 
Sclater Coll. 
a. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons, Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ih. S 2ad.sk. Camacusa,Brit.Guiana(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L m. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Biit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Whitely). 

DENDE0C0LAPTID-2E. 

27. 
PHILYDOR*. 
Type. 
Philydor, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 73 (1824) P. superciliaris. 
Dendroma, Siv. Class. B. ii. p. 316 (1837) P. rufus. 
Under Philydor, as in the ' Fomenclator/ I place the smaller and 
feebler forms of what were formerly called Anabates, It is difficult 
to draw any other distinction between this and the preceding 
group, and it would be better perhaps to arrange them together. 
But until a completely fresh revision of the Dendrocola<ptidm can be 
made, for which more time and greater materials are required, I 
think it unadvisable to disturb the existing nomenclature. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Cap black ; superciliaries cinnamonieous .. 1. atricapillus, p. 96. 

B. 
Cap cinereous; back olive-brown; superciliaries 
fulvous. 
j Head darker; throat duller 2. rufus, p. 97. 
I Head lighter; throat brighter 3. colombianus, p. 98. 

C. Cap greyish olive like back; wings rufous , 4. erythropterm, p. 98. 

D. Cap chestnut 
5. consobrinus, p. 98. 

E. Cap brown, with distinct superciliaries. 

a. 
Wings blackish; back brown. 
j Rump and tail bright cinnamomeous . 6. pyrrhodes^ p. 99. 
j Rump and tail rufous 7. fuscipennis, p. 99. 


b. Wings blackish ; back chestnut 8. erythronotus, p. 99. 

c. Wings chestnut; back brown 9. panerythrus, p. 100. 

P. 
Cap olivaceous like the back; wings not 
rufous. 

d. Rump uniform with back 10. ruficaudatus, p. 100. 

e. Rump chestnut like the tail. 
a'. Superciliaries distinct. 
j Beneath cinnamomeous 11. subfulvus, p. 101. 
j Beneath pale fulvous ,. . 12. erythrocer-cus^. 101. 
b', Superciliaries not defined 13. cervicalis, p. 101. 

1. Phyli&or atricapillus. 
Anabates atricapillus, Max. Beise, ii. p. 147 (1821); id. Beitr. iii. 

p. 1187. 
Sphenura super ciliaris, LicM. Doubl. p. 41 (1823). 
Xenops canivetii, Less. Cent. Zool. p. CO, pi. 16. 
Xenops melanocephalus, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 318. 
Anabates superciliaris, Bu?-m. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 28, 
Anabates atricapillus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 211. 
Philydor superciliaris, Spice, Av. Bras. i. p. 73, pi. 73. fig. 1 ; Cab. et 
Rein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 29; Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 378 (Brazil); 
id. Cat. A. B.Tp. 154; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 66, 

* Refer also to the following species:— 

1. P. subjlavescens, Oab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 66; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 528 ; 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 156 (Peru). 

2. 
Philydor virqatus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 468, et ix. p. 106 • 
Prantz. J. f. 0.1869, p. 304 (Oosta Rica); BerL Pr. IT. S. N. M. 1888, 

p. 565. 

27 . PHTLYDOB. 
Above rufous-brown; cap black ; long and broad suporciliariob 
fulvous-white; rump and tail chestnut: beuealh similar but paler, 
middlo of throat brighter; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of ^ wings pale cinnamomoous: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*3, 
tail 3. Female similar. 

IkdK S.E. Brazil. 

The black head at once distinguishes this species. It is not so 
dark in younger specimens. 

a. Jr. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Balua, Brazil (Wmh 
Santa FiS, Minas,
rer). 
Brazil 
Sclatov Coll 
Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk.
(I Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
(Mayers). 
Sao Paulo, Brazil ( 
Brazil. 
Brazil.
Joymr). 
" 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Lord Stuart do Bothesay 
[P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Brazil, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Pliilydor ruins. 
Den&rocopus rufus, Vioill. Nouv. Diet, xxvi. p. 119. 
Sphenura poliocephala, LicJit. Doubl. p. 41. 
Pliilydor ruficollis, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 74, pi. 75. 
Dendroma caniceps, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 31G. 
Xenops rufifrons, Less. Tr. d'Om, p. 317. 
Dendroma poliocephaium, Hartl. 1'erz. Mm. Brem. p. 27. 
Anabates poliocephalus, Barm. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 20. 
Anabates poliocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 211. 
Pliilydor rufus, Cab. et Ilcin. Mm. Kein. ii. p. 20; ScL 1\ Z. S. 


1861, p. 378 (Brazil); id. Cat, A. B. p. 153; 8cl. et 8ah. Nomencl. 

p. 66. 
Above olive-brown ; front, super ciliaries, and sides of head palo 
cinnamon-brown; cap and stripe behind the eye cinereous; outer 
margins of wings bright chestnut; tail pale chestnut, the middle 
tail-feathers rather brownish like the back: beneath cinnamon-
brown, flanks and crissum dusky brown ; whole length 7*7 inches, 
wing 3*5, tail 3-7. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
This species has a long tail with pointed feathers, and is easily 
known from the preceding by its cinereous cap and rufous front. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
b. J ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, Ad. sk. Santa E<5, Minas Geraes, Brazil Salvin-G adman Coll. 
(Rodgers). 

d. e. $ 
ad. sk. Pelotas, llio Grande do Sul, Salvin-G odman Coll, 
Brazil (Joymr). 
f. <$ ad. sk. 
Bio Claro,Goyaz, Brazil (Jaipur). Salvin-G odman Coll 
a, h. 
c? 2 ad. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll, 
sk. (IT. JET. Smith), 
c?ad.;,;'. Ad. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

k. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
m. 
Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
VOL. xv. & 
9 8 
BE1TDK0C0LAPTID.2E. 

3. PMlydor coloml)iaiius. 
Philydor 
colombianus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 29 (Venezuela) 
; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 170 (Venezuela) j iid. 
Nomencl. p. 66. 

Above olive-brown; front, superciliaries, and sides of head cinnamon-
brown ; cap and stripe behind the eye cinereous; outer 
margins of wings bright chestnut; tail pale chestnut; two middle 
rectrices slightly brownish: beneath bright cinnamon-brown; flanks 
and lower belly more dusky; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of wings bright cinnamomeous : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, 
tail 3-5. 

Hah. Venezuela. 

Nearly allied to P. rufus, but much brighter beneath. 

a. $ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Coast-range of PuertoVenezuela (Goering). 
Cabello, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 

4. PMlydor erythropterus. 
Anabates erythropterus, Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 27, et 1858, p. 01. 
Automolus erythropterus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 158 j Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1866, p. 566 (Peru). 

Philvdor erythropterus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 270 (E. Peru); 
iid. Nomencl p. 66; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 26 (N.E. Peru) ; id. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 154. 

Above greyish olive: lores cinnamomeous; wings and tail chestnut 
; wing-ends blackish: beneath pale fulvous ; throat, under 
wing-coverts, and inner margins of wings cinnamomeous: whole 
length 6*5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*8. 

Hab. Colombia, Upper Amazonia, and E. Ecuador, 
This is a very distinct species, easily known by its uniform head 
and back and chestnut wings. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
I. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
5. PMlydor consobrimis. (Plate IX.) 
Philydor consobrimis, Scl P. Z. S. 1870, p. 328 (Colombia). 
Above brown; wings blackish edged with brown; head, rump, 
and tail chestnut-red: beneath pale earthy brown, darker on the 
flanks and crissum; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wingfeathors 
bright cinnamomeous: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*4, 
tail 3*1. 

27. pmxYDOR. 
99 

Bab. Colombia. 
The chestnut head rendors this spocics easily recognizable. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclator Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota.
(Types of tlio species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6. Philydor pyrrhodes. 

Anabates pyrrhodes, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 089. 
Philydor pyrrhodes, Rekhenb. Handb. i. p. 200; Cab. et Bern. Mm. 
Bein. ii. p. 29; Sol P. Z. S. 1861, p. 378 (llio Napo); id. Cat 

A. B. p. 155; ScL et Sah. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 978 (Amazonia), et 
1873, p. 269 (E. Peru); iid. Komencl. p. GO; Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. 
p. 151; Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 420 (Brit. Guian.). 
Above olivaceous brown; superciliaries and sides of head, with 
rump and tail, bright cinnamomeous ; wings blackish: beneath 
bright cinnamomeous, rather paler than the rump: whole length 
6 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*6. Female similar. 

Bab. Guiana, Amazonia, and E. Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. Rio Madeira (Nattever). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Ilauxioell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Pdo Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased. 
ad«

(h h. $ 2 Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. (WMely). 

i. 9 
ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely) 
7. PMlydor fuscipennis. 
Philydor fuscipennis, Salvin, P. Z. S. I860, p. 72, et 1807, p. 143 
(Yeragua). 
Cinnamomeous, cap and sides of head darker; back darker and 
tinged with olivaceous; postocular stripe, body beneath, and under 
wing-coverts cinnamomeous; throat paler \ belly towards the vent 
more brownish; wings brown ; tail and rump bright cinnamomeous: 
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2*7. 
Bab. Yeragua. 
Similar to P. pyrrhodes, but rump and tail more rufous and 
darker; back more cinnamomeous, and body beneath more brownish. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Yeragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
8. Philydor erythronotus. (Plate YIII.) 
Philvdor erythronotus, Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. pp. Q6,160; iid. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 522 (Antioquia) ; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 561 ("VY. 
Ecuador). 

Above chestnut; head dark brown; superciliaries pale cinnamoH2 


DENDROCOLAPTIM. 

meous; wings blackish; wings and tail bright cinnamomeous: 
beneath pale cinnamomeous: whole length 6 inches, wing 3*3, 
tail 2-8. 

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador. 
This species is nearly allied to P. pyrrJwdes, but at once distinguishable 
by its chestnut back. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Jr. skc. <$ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Eemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 

9. Philydor panerythrus. 
Philydor panerythrus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 110, et 1870, p. 329 

(Bogota). 
Philydor seminifus, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 360 (err.). 
Automolus rufescens, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 345 (1866), et ix. 

p. 106 (Costa Bica); Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 304 (Costa Bica) ; 
Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 110 (Costa Bica); Pidgw. Pr. V. S. N. M. vi. 
p. 414 (Costa Bica) ; Berlepsch, Pr. U. S. N. M. xi. p. 565. 
Above olive-brown ; front, superciliaries, and sides of head cinnamomeous 
; wings blackish, edged with chestnut; tail chestnut: 
beneath cinnamomeous, rather brighter on the throat; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous: whole 
length 7'5 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*7. 

Hah. Colombia, Panama, and Costa Eica. 

This is a larger species than the three preceding, and at once 
recognizable by its chestnut wings. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Isthmus of Panama. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
c.Ad.sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10. Philydor ruficaudatus. 
Annates ruficaiidatus, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. ii. p. 15 (Bolivia) ; 
Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 26 (Bogota), et 1858, p. 61 (Eio Napo); Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 211. 
Anabates ruficaiidus, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 456 (Ecuador). 
Philydor ruficaudatus, Scl P. Z. S. 1861, p. 379 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 155 j Scl. et Salv. Komencl p. 66; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 621 (Bolivia). 
Automolus ruficaudatus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (Peru). 
Above olivaceous ; superciliaries and sides of head pale fulvous ; 
wings blackish, with brown edgings; tail chestnut: beneath pale 
fulvous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
pale cinnamomeous: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3. Female 
similar. 

Hdb. Colombia, Ecuador; Peru, and Bolivia. 

27. FIIILYDOB. 101 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota, Sclator Coll. 
b-e. Ad. sic.
f. Ad. sk.
g% Ad.sk.
h. S ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Interior of Colombia, 
Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
;. (S ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely)! Salvin-Godman Coll. 
11. Philydor subfulvus. 

Philydor subfulvus, Sclater, P. Z. S.1861, p. 377 (Ecuador); id. Cat 

A. 
B. p. 155; Scl. et Sab. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (Peru); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 66; Tacz. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 152. 
Anabates ?, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 456. 

Above brownish, olive; superciliaries cinnamomeous; rump and 
tail chestnut: beneath reddish fulvous; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of wings pale cinnamomeous: whole length G*7 inches, 
wing 8*7, tail 2-8. 

Ilab. Ecuador and Peru. 
Distinguishable from P. rufieaudcttus by the more brownish colour 
above, and the more cinnamomeous colour beneath. 

a. S 
jr. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
12. Philydor erythrocercus. 
Anabates erythrocercus, Peh. Sitz. Akad. Wien} xxxiv. p. 105 ; id, 
Orn. Bras. p. 39 (Lower Amazonia). 

Philydor 
erythrocercus, Scl P. Z. S. 1861, p. 379 (Cayenne); id. 
Cat A. B. p. 155; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 574 (L. Amazons), 
et 1873, p. 269 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl p. 66. 

Above olivaceous; narrow superciliaries pale fulvous; wings and 
tail brown, with olivaceous margins; rump and tail chestnut: beneath 
pale fulvous; flanks and crissum dusky; under wing-coverts 
pale cinnamomeous: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2*8. 

Eab. British Guiana and Amazonia. 

The chestnut rump distinguishes this species from Philydor 
ruficaudatus. 

a. Ad. sk. Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll. 
b. § ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana (JVMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. cS ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Barra, Bio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimen.) 
13. Philydor cervicalis. 
Philydor erythrocercus, Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 420 (Brit. Guian.) ? 
Philydor cervicalis, Scl P. Z. S. 1889, p. 33. 
Above uniform dark olive; rump and tail chestnut: beneath pale 

102 
DENDBO COl APTH) .S3. 

greyish olive; throat white; breast slightly mottled with greyish 
olive; under wing-coverts and inner edges of remiges bright cinnamomeous; 
hill greenish grey, with a white blotch on the lower 
mandible; feet plumbeous: whole length 6*3 inches, wing 3*1, 
tail 2-8. 

Hob. British Guiana. 

This species seems to me to be decidedly different from P. erytlirocercus, 
although closely allied. It is distinguished by the want of 
any sign of the superciliary stripe and by the slightly mottled 
breast. 

a. $ ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(WMtehj). 
b. 2 
ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. (Type 
(Whitely). of the species.) 
o. Jr.sk. Surinam (C. Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
28. THEIPADECTES. ™ 
Type. 
Tkripadectes, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 157 (1862) T. flanimulatus. 
This is a rather isolated form, from the Andes of Venezuela, 

Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, remarkable for its short strong and 
much compressed beak and flammulated plumage. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Under plumage striped. 
(Back flammulated 1. flammulatus, p. 102. 
j Back almost unspotted 2. scrutator, p. 103. 
B. Under plumage dull cinnamon-red 3. virgaticeps, p. 103. 
1. TMpadectes flammulatus. 
Anabates flammulatus, Uyton, Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 131 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 141. 
Tkripadectes flammulatus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 157; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 65; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 521 (Antioquia). 
Tkripadectes briceni, Berl. MS. 

Blackish brown, flammulated above and beneath with long 
yellowish fulvous shaft-stripes; wings blackish, margined with dark 
rufous; lesser wing-coverts slightly striped : rump, tail, and erissum 
pure chestnut: whole length 9 inches, wing 3*5, tail 4. 

Hal. Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
I am unable to distinguish the Venezuelan form, which Graf v. 
Berlepsch has named T. briceni. 

a. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Brieeno). Sclater Coll. 
(Tkripadectes briceni) Berl. MS.) 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Eyton Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 

d. Ad, sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
29 . ANCISTEOPS. 103 
e. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia. Salvin-Goilman Coll. 
/ . & ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Frontino, U. S. C. (Salmon). 
Ecuador. 
Eastern Cordillera of Quito 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jarcline Coll. 
(Jameson). 

2. Thripadectes scrutator. 
Thiipadectes scrutator, 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 137, 527 (C. Peru); 
id, Orn. Fir. ii. p. 146. 

Like T.jlammulatuSi but still larger; back reddish brown, almost 
unspotted ; rump cinnamomeous; head and nape striped with black 
and greyish fulvous ; throat and neck black, striated with rufous : 
beneath entirely pale brown, with narrow fulvous striations; wings 
and tail cinnamomeous rufous, inner webs of the romiges margined 
with blackish brown : whole length 10 inches, wing 3*7, tail 4*3. 
(Tacz.) 

Hah. Central Peru, 

3. Thripadectes virgaticeps. 
Thripadectes virgaticeps, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 398 (1874). 
Front, crown, cheeks, and hind neck blackish brown, the feathers 
of all these parts with broad shaft-stripes, those of the crown and 
hind neck greyish white, the others of a pale rufous ; upper part of 
the back dull reddish brown, the lower part of tho back and rump 
deep bright cinnamon ; tail brownish cinnamon; wing-coverts and 
outer webs of quills also cinnamon-brown, but of not so deep a 
colour as the tail; the inner webs of the quill-feathers are dark 
brown, with their inner margins broadly marked with pale cinnamon 
; under wing-coverts bright cinnamon; the feathers of the 
chin and upper part of the throat are reddish fulvous with brownish-
black margins; the under plumage is of a rather dull cinnamon-red, 
brownish on the lower part of the neck ; bill black; tarsi and toes 
dark brown : whole length 8| inches, wing 4|, tail 4, bill 1, tarsi lf\. 

(Lawrence.) 
Hah. Ecuador. 

29. ANCISTROPS. „ 
Typo. 
Ancistrops, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 157 (1862) A. strigilatus. 
The strongly hooked upper mandible and ascending gonys at once 

distinguish this peculiar monotype from Upper Amazonia. The feet 
are rather weak, and the tarsi short. 

1. Ancistrops strigilatus. 
Thamnophilus strigilatus, Spiz, Av. Bras. ii. p. 26, t. xxxvi.fig. 1. 
Anabates lineaticeps, Scl. Ann. §• May. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 4G8 
(1850) ; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 61 (Rio Napo). 
Ancistrops lineaticeps, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 157 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1866, p. 56G, 1867, p. 750, et 1873, p. 270 (Peru) j iid Nomencl. 

p. m {Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 26 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. FSr. ii. 
p. 147. 
10 4 
DENDKOCOLAPTIDiE. 

Above olivaceous brown, darker on the head and upper back, and 
marked with narrow shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; wings blackish 
with chestnut margins j tail chestnut: beneath pale fulvous white, 

Beak of Ancistrops strigilatus. 

with obsolete cinereous striations on the breast and sides of belly; 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous: 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador. 

Graf v. Pelzeln has examined the type of Spix's Thamnopliilus 
strigilatus, and ascertained that it is referable to this species. Spix 
gives no locality. 

a. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of A. lineaticeps.) 
b. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. 
Purchased. 
c. 5 ad. sk. Nauta, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Ohamicuros, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
e. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hauxioett). 
f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
30. 
HELIOBLETUS. 
Type. 
Heliobletus, Reichenb. Handb. sp. Orn. p. 201 (1853). H. superciliosus. 
This is a small form closely allied to Anabazenojps, remarkable for 
its weak feet and small pointed bill, with the gonys slightly ascending. 
It is restricted to S.E. Brazil. 

1. Heliobletus superciliosus. 
Dendrocolaptes superciliosus, Licht. Abh. Akad. Berl. 1818, p. 204. 
Dendrocopus pyrrhophius, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 026. 
Heliobletus superciliosus, Reichenb. Handb. p. 201; Burnt. Syst. TJeb. 


iii. p. 32; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 156 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 66. 
Anabates xenops, Temm. in Mus. Lugd. 
Anabates contaminatus, Licht in Mus. Berol. ; Peh. Sitz. Akad. 
Wien, xxxiv. p. 129. 
Heliobletus contaminatus, Berl. J.f.O. 1887, p. 119 (Paraguay). 

Above earthy brown; broad superciliaries pale fulvous; cap 
blackish brown, with earthy-brown bhaft-spots : wings blackish, with 
edgings like the back : tail chestnut: beneath pale fulvous, middle 

31 . ANAMflENOPB. 
105 

of breast and belly whiter, with brownish margins to the feathers ; 
flanks olive-brown: crissimi slightly lufous: whole length 4*(> 
inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*1. 

Anabazenops, Lafr, Diet. Univ. d'H. N. i. p. 411 

Hah S.E. Brazil. 
«• Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Ooll. 
1>. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
31. AHABA2OT0PS *. 
Typo. 

(1847) A. rufo-superciliatus. 
Xenieopsis, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Ilek. ii. p. 32 
(1859) A. rufo-superciliatus. 

This little group leads off from the preceding genera to Xenops 
with its up-turned mandible, the gonys being only slightly amending 
at the extremity, and not nearly so definitely formed in this respect 
as in Xenops and Anabatoldes. The wings arc rather short and the 
tail proportionately long. The genus ranges from Mexico to 
Southern Brazil. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Interscapulium without striations. 
a. Beneath distinctly spotted. [p. 105. 
I Breast brown, with pale shaft-spots.. 1. mfo-siipereiliatm}
I Breast olive, with clear shaft-spots .. 2. oleagineus, p. 106. 
b. Breast obscurely spotted. 
a'. Cap with slight shaft-spots. 
( Breast brown, spots narrow 3. variegaticeps, p. 100. 
I Breast ochraceous, spots broad ... . 4. temporalis, p. 107. 
( Breast brown, spots broad 5. amaurotic, p. 107. 

b'. Cap without spots G. sfriaticoUis, p. 108. 

B. 
Interscapulium distinctly striated 
( Without distinct superciliaries ... . 7. subalaris, p. 108. 
{"With long distinct superciliaries .. 8. guttulatus, p. 100. 
1. Anabazenops rufo-superciliatus. 
Xenops rufo-superciliatus, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1832, Ois. pi. 7; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 211. 
Anabazenops rufo-superciliatus, Hartl.era. Mus. JBrem. p. 27; ScL 
Cat A. B. p. 158 j tkl et Salv. Nomenel. p. GO; iid. R Z. 8. 1879, 

p. 021 (Bolivia); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 157. 
Xenieopsis rufo-superciliata, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 32. 
Cichlocolaptes ochroblephaius et Cichlocolaptes adsporsus, Reiclib. 
Handb. p. 174. 
Anabatoides adspersus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 24. 
Anabazenops cabanisi, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 528, 1879, p. 231, 

et 1882, p. 26 (Peru). 
Anabazenops rufo-superciliatus cabanisi, Tacz. Orn. Pfr. ii. p. 158. 

* Refer also to :— 
A. rujicollis, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 160 (Peru). 
J. wwiamdatus, Allen, Bull. A. M. N. H. ii. p. 92 (Bolivia). 
DENDEOOOLAPTID^l. 

106 

Albove brown; lores and short snperciliaries pale rufous ; tail 
chestnut: beneath pale brown, with broad shaft-spots of dirty white ; 
throat almost entirely dirty white; flanks and crissum unspotted ; 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous 
: whole length 7 inches, wing 2*8, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hal). Brazil and Peru. 
a. $ ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
b. 2 ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil {Joyner), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

2. Anabazenops oleagineus. 
Anabazenops rufo-superciliatus, 
Wliite, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 613 (Catamarca). 
Anabazenops oleagineus, Scl P. Z. S. 1883, p. 654 (rep. Arg,) ; Berl. 

J.f. 0.1887, p. 119 (Paraguay) $ Scl et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 198. 
Above dark olivaceous brown ; lores, superciliaries, and spots on 
sides of head yellowish white; wings blackish with brownish 
margins ; tail chestnut: beneath dark olivaceous, distinctly spotted 
with broad shaft-spots of yellowish white ; throat almost pure yellowish 
white, flanks and crissum unspotted ; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of wing-feathers pale cinnamomeous: whole length 
6-2 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hab. Northern Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. 

This southern form of J . rufo-superciliatus is distinguishable by its 
generally olive-green tinge, the much clearer throat, and the more 
distinct spots of the breast and belly. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca, Sclater Coll. 
Arg. Rep. (White). (Types of the species.) 

c. S 
ad. sk. Sierra de Totoral, Cataroaica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(White). 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
3. Anabazenops variegaticeps. 
Anabazenops variegaticeps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 289, et 1859, 
p. 382 (S. Mexico) j id. Cat. A. B. p. 159; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, I860, 
p. 398 (Guatemala); iid. Nomench p. 06 ; Laior. Ann. Lyc.iV". Y. 
ix. p. 100 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J.f. 0.1869, p. 304 (Costa Rica) : 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 192 (Veragua); Boue. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 59 
(Costa Rica) ; Ridgzv. Pr. TJ. S. N. M. vi. p. 414 (Costa Rica). 
Above rufous-brown; head more olivaceous, and the feathers 
finely edged with blackish ; superciliaries and line round the eye pale 
rufous; tail chestnut: beneath much paler, throat and fore neck 
almost dirty white; breast with more or less obscure narrow shaft-
spots of pale fulvous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-
feathers pale cinnamomeous: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 
2*8. Female similar. 

Hab. Mexico and Central America southwards to Veragua. 

31 . ANABAZT3N0PS. 
107 

Southern specimens of tins species are more yellowish on the 
breast, and have the shaft-spots beneath more distinct, thus approaching 
A. temporalis, 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico (SallS). Sclater Coll. I 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. " A. Solid [0.]. [ 
(Types of the Hpecios.) 
c. Ad. -sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmi). 
e. Ad. sk. Savana Grande, Vera Paz (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
viri).
/ . Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Samayoa), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. tf ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. 
Purchased. 
j. 
Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol), Sclater Coll, 
h 
l> d 2 a< Southern slope of the Volcano of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. Okiriqui (Arce). 


m. Ad .. sk. 
Veragua. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 

4. Anahazenops temporalis. 
Anabates temporalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 141. 

Anabazenops temporalis, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 159 ; Sal. et Sah. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 185 (Peru), et 1879, p. 522 (Antioquia), p. 022 (Bolivia); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 60; Perl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 502, et 1884, 

p. 300 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 159. 
Ahove rufous-brown; head dark olivaceous, with narrow shaft-
stripes of pale yellowish; superciliaries fulvous; tail chestnut: 
beneath paler, strongly washed with fulvous on the breast, and with 
brown shaft-spots of pale yellowish fulvous on the breast and belly; 
throat pale yellowish white, with obscure margins to the feathers j 
lower belly and tanks unspotted; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers pale cinnamomeous: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*4, tail 2-6. Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

at &• S Jr-sk- Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species). 
c, d, e. Jr. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [O.J. 
/. c? ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. 0. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. 0. {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. San Antonio, S. Peru (Whitehj). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5. Anabazenops amaurotis. 
Anabates amaurotis, Temm. PI. Col. 238. fig. 2; Bp. Consp. i. p, 210; 
Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 29. 
Philydor amaurotis, Scl P. Z. S. 1801, p. 379 (S.E. Brazil); id. Cat. 
A, B. p. 155 $ Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 06. 

Above brown; feathers of cap slightly margined with black; long 
superciliaries pale fulvous white; sides of neck with pale fulvous 

DENDKOCOIAPTIDiE. 

108 

striations ; tail chestnut: beneath paler, throat pale fulvous• neck 
and breast variegated with pale fulvous shaft-spots; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers pale cinnamomeous: 
whole length 6*7 inches, wiog 2*7, tail 2-8. Female similar. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

This and the two preceding species are very closely allied representatives, 
but the present bird has a reddish-brown head like the 
back, and is more decidedly spotted on the breast. 

a. $ ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Mattodentro, Brazil (Natterer"). 
Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Caracas ? D. Dyson [C.]. 

6. Anabazenops striaticollis. 
Anabates montanus, Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 240, t. xx. fig. 1 (?). 
Ipoborus montanus, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 31 (?). 
Philydor montanus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 528 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. 


PSr. ii. p. 153 (?). 
Anabates striaticollis, Sclater, P. Z. S.1857, p. 17. 
Philydor striaticollis, ScL P. Z. S. 1861, p. 378; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 155; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 66; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 528 j 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 153; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 97 (Ecuador). 
Above brown, less rufescent on the cap, and more so on the back 
and wings; tail chestnut; line round the eye and slight superciliaries 
pale fulvous: beneath olivaceous brown, lighter on the 
throat, sides of the head, and neck; breast more or less marked by 
narrow fulvous shaft-stripes• under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of wing-feathers pale cinnamomeous: whole length 7 inches, wing 
3*8, tail 3*1. Female similar. 
Hal. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

This bird has usually been referred to Philydor, but seems to be 
closely allied to the group represented by the last three species. 
The bill also is scarcely divergent in structure. I am unable to say 
whether it is quite identical with Anabates montanus of Tschudi. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.) 
d. Ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll. j 
(Types of the species.) 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. South America. Sclater Coll. 
A. Ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 
7. Anabazenops subalaris. 
Anabates subalaris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 141. 
Anabazenops subalaris, Sol Cat. A. B. p. 159 • Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, 


p. 192 (Veragua); ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 66; Berl. et Tacz 
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 300 (W. Ecuador). 
31 . ANABAzOTOF-S. „ 
109 
Anabazenops menlolis, Tacz. et Berl P. Z. 8 1885, p. 96 (Ecuador). 
Anabazenops lineatus, Lawr. Ann. Li/o. N. T. viii. p. 127, oi ix. 

^V1?? ^0osta Rica) 5 Mo

-Ibis> ^70, p. 110 j v. Bert, Pr. U. 8. N. 
M. 1888, p. 565. 
Above brown ; head, nock, and upper back with long* shaft-stripes 
of pale fulvous; rump and tail chestnut: boneath similar; throat, 
breast, and middle of belly covered more or less with narrow 
elongated shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; throat nearly entirely palo 
fulvous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
pale cinnamomeous: whole length 7 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3. 
Young. Stripes less apparent above: beneath, breast deep cinnamomeous 
without stripes; throat similar, but rather paler. 

Hal. Ecuador, Veragua, and Costa Eica. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser) Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. tf ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Eraser [0.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ ad.;/. $ jr. Machay, Ecuador (JStoIz- Sclater Coll. 
sk. manri). 
g, h. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k} I. <$ jr. j m. 2 Calovevora, Veragua (Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 

n. Jr. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Rogers), 
p. S ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Anabazenops guttulatus. 
Anabazenops guttulatus, Sol. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 272, pi. cxxx. (Venezuela) 
; cl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 60. 

Above olivaceous; superciliaries rufous; feathers of cap olivaceous, 
with blackish margins; interscapulium pale ochraceous, margined 
and spotted with dark ochraceous; wings blackish margined with 
brown; tail uniform ferruginous red : beneath, throat whitish; 
breast and upper belly ochraceous white with a fulvous tinge, and 
feathers margined with brownish olive; flanks and crissum earthy 
brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3. 

Hcib. Venezuela. 

This description, made in 1857, was based on a specimen in the 
Paris Museum, transmitted from Caracas by M. Levraud. I have 
never yet succeeded in meeting with other specimens of this distinct 
species, remarkable for its striped plumage above and beneath, 
and broad rufous superciliaries. 

11 0 
DENDKOCOLAPTID2E. 

32. XENOPS. 
Type. 
Xenops, III Prodr. p. 213 (1811) X. genibarbis. 
Neops, Vieill. Analyse, p. 45 (1816) X,-genibarbis. 

This peculiar form, remarkable for its short, much compressed, 
and up-turned bill, occurs throughout the Neotropical Eegion from 
Mexico to Southern Brazil. The two species here recognized both 
vary slightly in different parts of their ranges, but not, T now think, 
sufficiently to warrant specific distinctions for the local races. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Back olivaceous ; belly not striated 1. genibarbis, p. 110. 
B. Back ferruginous; belly striated 2. rutilus, p. 111. 
1. Xenops genibarbis. 
Xenops genibarbis, III. Prod. p. 213; Temm. PI. Col. 150. fig. 1; 
Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1155; Bp. Consp. i. p. 211; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1858, pp. 03 (Rio Napo), 457 (Ecuador), 1860, p. 293 (Ecuador); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 159; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 33 ,• Scl. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 027 (Venezuela), et 1873, p. 270 (E. Peru) ; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 60 ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para) ; Salv. et 
Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 17l (Sta. Marta) ; Cab. J.f.O. 1884, p. 307 
(Bucararuanga); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 420 (Brit. Guian.). 

Xenops mexicanus, 
Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 289, et 1859, p. 382 (S. 
Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 159 (Mexico) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 

vii. p. 320 (Colombia), et ix. p. 106 (Costa Rica); Salv. Ibis, 
1801, p. 353 (Guatemala) ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 143 (Veragua); 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 354 (Panama) ; Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, 
p. 304 (Costa Rica). 
Xenops littoralis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 379 (Ecuador); Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 529, et 1882, p. 27 (Peru) ; id, Orn, Per. ii. 
p. 162; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 562 (W. Ecuador). 
Xenops approximans, Pelz. Sitz. Ah. Wien, xxxiv. p. 113 (1859); 
id. Orn. Bras. p. 41; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 184 (Ucayali), 
et 1867, pp. 750, 755 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl p. 66. 

Le Sittelle Hofmanseg, Le Vaill. Hist. Nat. d. Promerops, p. 76, t. 31. 

f$v2, ' *
** (u-

Above earthy brown ; superciliaries fulvous ; wings blackish ; 
outer secondaries, dand across the wing-feathers and margins of 
some of the primaries ferruginous; rump more or less tinged with 
ferruginous; tail black, terminal portions of three lateral pairs and 
whole of middle pair ferruginous : beneath olive-brown, throat 
whitish; breast more or less striated with pale fulvous; line 
beneath the cheeks pure white ; under wing-coverts cinnamomeous : 
whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 2. Female similar. 

Hab. Mexico, Central America, and S. America down toS. Brazil. 

a. S ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Salle* [C.]. 
c. J ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vera Paz (Salviri). 
32. XENOPS. 
Ill 
d. 3 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin [0.1. 
/ . Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddalo Coll. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica(Jrc^). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. tf ad. sk. San^ Jose*, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
,/. $ ad. sk. Santa ¥6, Verag-ua (Arc6). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. $ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. S ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
?z. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
o. $ ad. sk. Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Simons), 
p. 
cJ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon).
</. ^ 
ad.; r. Ad. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
sk. (Types of X. Uttoralis, Scl.) 

5. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sahm-Godman Coll 
t. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-G odinan C oil. 
(Illingioorth). 
v. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. Ad. sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons. E. Bartlett [0.1. 
.v. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett LO.j. 
?/. S ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 

s. c? ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe- Salvin-Godman Coll 
ring). 
a'. Ad.sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe- Sclater Coll. 


b', <?'. <$ 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WliUely). 
d'. cJ ad.; «', f. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

$ ad. sk. (Whitely). 
#'. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne ( Verdey). Sclater Coll. 
A'. Ad. sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 

(Authentic specimen of X appro,vima?i$.) 
i'. $ ad. sk. Para (Layard), Tweeddalo Coll. 
/' h\ Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

7 . Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
2. Xenops rutilus. 
Xenops rutilus, Licht. Doubl. p. 17 ; Cab. et Ilein. Mits. Eein. ii. 
p. 32; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 159; Wyutt, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 
(Colombia); Sol. et Salo. Nomencl. p. 66; Toes. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 529 (0. Peru), 1879, p. 231 (N. Peru), et 1882, p. 26 (N.E. 
Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 160; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 562 (W. Ecuador), et 1885, p. 97 (Ecuador). 
Xenops rutilana, Temm. PL Col. 72.fig*. 2; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1159 ; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 211; Bnrm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 23; Sol. P. Z. S. 
1856, p. 27 (Bogota); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 562 (Trinidad). 

Xenops genibarbis, Sio. Zool. III. pi. 100 (nee III.). 
Zenops affinis, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 352. 
Xenops heterurus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 33; Scl. Cat A. B. 


p. 159; Sol et Sab. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 566 (Peru); Solo. Ibis, 
1869, p. 319 (Costa Rica); id. P. Z. S. 1870; p. 192 (Veragua). 
DENDEOCOLAPTIDJE. 

Above ferruginous brown; head blackish, with fulvous striations; 
suporciliaries fulvous white ; wiugs black, crossed by a median band 
of ferruginous and tipped with the same colour ; outer secondaries 
like the back; tail bright ferruginous, third and fourth and sometimes 
fifth outer pairs of rectriees with large black blotches on their 
inner webs: beneath greyish olive, definitely striated with white; 
throat white; stripe beneath the cheeks pure white; under wing-
coverts pale cinnamomeous : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 
2*2. Female similar. 

Hob. Costa Rica, Yeragua, and South America down to S. Brazil. 

a. J ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcano Salvin-Godman Coll. 
of Chiriqui (Arce). 
c. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin; U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
d. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. T. K. Salmon [C.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Illinc/ivorth). 

q. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Nauta, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Tainbillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
/, k, I, m. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o; p. Ad. sk. Ckapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(II. II. Smith), 
q, r. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
s, t. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
u. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
33. 
ANABATOIDES. 
Type. 
Anabatoides, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 23 (1856) A. fuscus. 
This Brazilian monotype combines the general plumage of Automolus 
with the bill of Xenops, from whicb, however, it may be 
distinguished by the slightly sloping culmen and the comparatively 
larger feet. 

1. Anabatoides fuscus. 
Sitta fusca, Vieill. Anal. p. 68. 
Sphenura albicollis, Lid it Doubl p. 41. 
Xenops anabatoides, Temm.Tl. Col. 150. fig.2 ; Bp. Consp.i. p. 211. 
Xenops fuscus, Lafr. Mag. de Zool 1832, Ois. sub tab. 7. 
Anabazenops fuscus, Hartl. Verz. Mies. Brem. p. 27. 
Anabatoides fuscus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 24; Sol Cat. A. B. 


p. 158; ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. m: Berl J. f. 0. 1873, p. 253 
(S.Brazil). 9V 
Xenicopsis fusca, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Mem. ii. p. 32. 

Above brown; long superciliaries white ; tail chestnut: beneath 
paler, more yellowish in the middle : throat and sides of neck white; 

34 . SCLERTJETJS. 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers pale cinnamomcous 
; bill and feet pale brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 

3*5, tail 3*4.
lied). S.E. Brazil. 
Female similar. 
a. Ad. st.
b9 c. Ad. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Grodman Coll. 

Subfamily IV. SCLEEURINiE. 

Structure of Sclerurus umbretta. 

This subfamily contains only the single curious genus Sclerurus. 
which, although it has the spiny tail of the Dendrocolaptiiue, combines 
with that organ the longer tarsi and habits of a terrestrial 
bird, and is said to keep entirely to the ground. Several authors 
have referred this form to the Formicariidce; but its proper place 
seems to be here. 

34. 
SCLERURUS. 
Type. 
. 
Sclerurus, Siv. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 856 (1827) S. umbretta. 
Tinactor, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1105 (1831) S. umbretta. 
Oxypyga, Menctr. M4m. Ac. I. 8c. 8t. Pet. s6r. vi. 8c. 

• 
Ndt. i. p. 520 (1835) S. umbretta. 
Sclerurus extends thinly over the mainland of the Neotropical 
Region 
from Mexico to Northern Argentina. According to our 
VOL. XV. I 

DENDROCOLAPTIDJE. 

present information it embraces eight species, which, however, are 
not/ in every case easily discriminated. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Rump chestnut-red, distinct from hack 
a. Throat white ; breast rufous. 
) Larger ; throat dirty white 1. umbretta, p. 114. 
) Smaller; throat pure white 2. albigularis, p. 114. 
b. Throat and breast rufous 3. mexicanus, p. 115. 
B. Rump similar to back or barely brighter. 
c. Chest not ilammulated; throat white. 
| Breast rufous 4. caudaciitus, p. 116. 
} Breast dull brown 5. brunneus, p. 116. 
d. 
Chestflammtilated ; throat-feathers white, 
edged with blackish 6. guatemalensis, p. 117, 
1. Sclerurus umbretta. 
Myiothera umbretta, Licht. Donbl. p. 43 (1823). 
Tinactor fuscua, Max. Beitr. hi. p. 1106 (1831). 
Myothera caudacuta, Lafr. Mag. Zool. 1833, Ok. pi. 10. 
Sclerurus caudacutus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 210; Burnt. Syst. Ueb. iii. 


p. 45; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 25; ScL Cat A. B. p. 149; 
Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 86; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 610 (Misiones, 
rep. Arg.). 
Oxypyga scansor, Menetr. Mem. Ac. I. Sc. St. Pet. se"r. vi. Sc. Nat. 

i. p. 520, Atl pi. 11. 
Sclerurus umbretta, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 574 (Lower Amazons) 
; lid. NomencL p. 62 : Salv. Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 333; Berl. 

J.f. 
0.1887, p. 132 (Paraguay) ; Scl. et Iluds. Arg. Orn.i p. 174. 
Above dark brown ; rump and upper tail-coverts chestnut-rufous ; 
wing-feathers blackish, edged like the back; tail dull black: beneath 
rather paler ; throat white, breast rufous; under wing-coverts pale 
brown; bill and feet black: whole length 7*1 inches, wing 3-6, 
tail 2-(J. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and Misiones, rep. Arg. 

a. Ad. tt S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. cJad.sk. S.E.Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
d. e. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Jr. sk.
g. c? ad. sk. 
S.E. Brazil. 
Misiones, rep. Arg. ( White). 
Riocour Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

2. Sclerurus albigularis. 
Sclerurus albigularis, Swains. B. Brazil, t. 78 (?) ; ScL et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1868, p. 630 (Venezuela). 
Sclerurus canigularis, liidgw. Pr. U.S. N. M. xi. p. 542 (Costa Rica). 
Above brown; rump chestnut; tail black; throat white, passing 
into pale grey on the neck; breast rufous; belly like back, but 
rather duller: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2*5. 

Hal. Venezuela and Costa Rica. 

115 

34 . SCLERURUS. 
This species is smaller than JS. umbretta and has the throat pearl,
gvey, whiter under the chin. Swainson's plate is not to bo found 

in most copies of his ' Birds of Brazil/ and I cannot bo sure that it 

refers to this species ; but it is certainly S. albigularis, Scl. et Salv. 

I. s, c. 
a. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Ooll. 
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela. ' Salvin-Godman Ooll, 
3. Sclerurus mexicanus. 
Sclerurus mexicanus, Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 290,1859, p. 305, ot 1804, 
p. 175 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 140 j Sol. et Sak. Ibis, 1800, 
p. 85 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 574 (Lower Amazons), 
p. 755 (E. Peru), et 1870, p. 209 (Upper Amazons); iid. Xomeucl. 
p. 62; Salv. Ibis, 1801, p. 143 (Guatemala); id. P. Z. S. 1807, 
p. 14:2, et 1870, p. 191 (Veragua); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 115. 
Sclerurus rufigulariy, Pah. Orn. Bras. pp. 87, 101 ? 
Sclerurus caudacutus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 520 (Antioquia); 
Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 114. 

Above brown; rump chestnut: tail black: beneath similar, 
throat and breast rufous, paler on the throat; under wing-coverts 
rufous: whole length 6*3 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2'5. Female similar. 

Fab. Mexico, Central America, and South America down to 
Amazonia. 


a. Ad. sk. Mexico (Salle). Sclater Coll. 1 (Types of the 
b. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Salle [O.]. j species.) 
c. Ad. sk. Kashche, Vera Paz (Sal- Salvin-Godmaii Coll. 
vin). 
d. Ad. sk. Cohan, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Savana Grande, Guate- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mala (Salvin). 
f. g. c? ? ad.; Volcan de Agua, above Salvin-Godman Cull. 
h. Ad.sk. San Diego, Guatemala 
(Salvin). 
i. Ad. sk. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.l. 
j. 
<3*ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(ArcS). 
h. 
tfad. sk. Cordillera deTolS, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(ArcS). 
1. Ad. sk. Santiago de Veragua 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
(ArcS). 
m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
n. 
Ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Sal" Sclater Coll. 
mon). 
o. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Back- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley), 
q. 9 ad. sk. Yurimaguas, E. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
r. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
& Ad. sk. 
OapimRiver,L.Amazons Sclater Ooll. 
(Wallace). 


t. 
Ad. st. Bahia (?). Sudbury Mu&. 
i2 
116 
D13NDR0 COL APTID M. 

4. Sclerurus caudacutus. 
Oianmophilus caudacutus, Vieill. Nbuv. Diet. iii. p. 310; id. Erie. 
Meth. p. 742 (Cayenne). 

Sclerurus caudacutus, 
Set et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 573 (L. Amazons) 
j iid. Eomencl. p. 62 ; Salv. Cat. Striokl. Coll. p. 383; id. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 410 (Brit. Guian.). 

Above brown; front and sides of the head rufous; upper tail-

coverts slightly rufescent; tail blackish: beneath similar ; throat 

white; breast more or less rufous: whole length 6*7 inches, wing 

3*7, tail 2-7. Female similar. 

Eab. Guiana and Lower Amazonia. 

a. Ad, st. S. America. 
Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil (f). 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
d. d ad. sk. Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
( WMtely). 
e. S jr. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
/. $ ad. sk. H. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

(WMtely). 

g. 2 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana ( Wh itely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
\ i> ?j r- sk. Carimang River, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
f,Ic. cS $ad.,sk. Carimang Iliver, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(WMtely). 
L 9 ad. sk. Oapim River, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(Wallace), 


m. Ad. sk. S. America. 
J. Gould, Esq. [P.J. 
5. Sclerurus brunneus. 
Sclerurus brunneus, Sol P. Z. S. 1857, p. 17 (Bogota), 1858, p. 02 
(Itio Napo) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 149. 
Sclerurus caudacutus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 750, et 1873, 

p. 2G9 (Upp. Amaz.). 
Sclerurus olivascens, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 67 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 526 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 115 (?). 
Above nearly uniform brown; front and sides of head slightly 

rufescent: beneath similar, not quite so dark; middle of throat 

whitish: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2*2. Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia and Amazonia, 

Apparently distinguishable from S. caudacutus by its much more 

uniform colouring, but very closely allied. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
6. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Piling -Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
worth). 
c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
f. 
Ad. sk. Yurimaguas, E. Peru (BartSalvin-
Godman Ooll. 
lett). 
g. Ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru ( WMtely). Sclater Coll. 
DEOEOCOLAPTTM. 

6. Selerurus guatemalensis. 
Tinactor guatemalensis, Hartl Mev. Zool. 1841, p. 370. 
Selerurus mexicanus ?, Laar. Ami. L. N. Y. vii. p. 465 (Panama). 
Selerurus guatemalensis, Sol ei Sahi Ibis. 1859, p. 118; fid. P. Z. S. 


1804, p. 354 (Panama); iid. NomeneL p. ($j Salv, Ibis, 1801, 

p. 352; Laior. Ami. Lye. K Y. viii. p. 4 (Panama). 
Above nearly uniform umber-brown, upper tail-coverts rather 
darker; tail blackish : beneath similar ; throat-feathers white, with 
blackish edgings; breast-feathers with a pale rufous shaft-spot: 
whole length 6-4 inches, wing J3-4, tail 3-4. Female similar. 

Hal. Guatemala, and Central America to "Western Ecuador. 
This species is at once distinguishable by its variegated chest.
have examined the typical specimen in the Bremen Museum. 

a. Ad. sk. Clioctum, Vera Paz (Salmn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. bk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. ,sk. Sta. Itita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Subfamily V. DENDROCOLAPTINiE * 

The Dendrocolaptince are at once recognizablo amongst their 
fellows of the same great group by their strong spiny tail, which is 
used as an organ of locomotion in the ascent of trees, as in the 
Woodpeckers (Picida>) and Creepers (Certhiidte). With this feature 
are usually correlated, as might have been expected, short tarsi and 
large feet with sharp claws, but these characters vary in the different 
groups. 

The general plumage of these birds is nearly always of some shade 
of brown, relieved only by lighter spots and striations of the same 
colour, fulvous or white. Brilliant colours are absolutely unknown 
in this group. In determining the species of Dendroeolapthiip much 
must be allowed for individual variation, particularly as regards the 
strength and shape of the spotting and the length of the bills. 
These variations and the generally uniform style of colour render 
the species of this subfamily more difficult to deal with satisfactorily 

* The following is a list of obscure species of this Subfamily: (
1) Dendrocotaptes miniatits, Lielit. Abh. Akacl. Berl. Phys.-Cl. 1818-10, 
p. 202 (ex Azara). 
(2) D. obsoletus, Licht. op. cit. p. 203 (Mus. Berol. 
(3) D. oh solophus, Licht. ibid. 
(4) JD. superciliosus, Licbt. op. cit. p. 205 (ex Azara). 
(5) JD. altirosfrls, Leotaucl, Ois. Trinidad, p. 16G. 
(6) Dendrooopus ntbricaiulatus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 115 (ex Azara). 
(7) JD. maeidatns, "Vieill. op. cit. p. 117 (Brazil). 
(8) D. pyrrhophius, Vieill. op. cit. p. 118 (ex Azara). 
(9) D. gmeicapillm, Vieill. op. cit. p. 119 (ex Azara). 
(10) D. rufus, Vieill. ibid. (Brazil). 
(11) Deiidrocolaptcs mehnoceps, Less. Bev. Zool. 1840, p. 200. 
(12) D. crassirostris, Such, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 115 (Brazil). 
(13) JD. fortirostris, Such, ibid. (Brazil). 
DENDEOCOLAPTIDiE. 

than 
perhaps any group of the American Avifauna except the 

Tyrannidae 
The Dench-ocolaptina3 are distributed all over the Neotropical 
Region except the Antillean Subregion. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Bill more or less compressed. 
a. Bill shorter than the head. 
a'. 
Gonys straight* bill weak. 
I tail longer, more spiny.,. . 35. SITTOSOMITS, p. 110. 
(Tail shorter, less spiny ... . 36. MABGABOBNIS, p. 121. 

V. Gonys ascending*\ bill strong*.. 
37. GLYPHQBHYNCHTTS, p. 124. 
b. Bill as long as or longer than the 
head. 
c\ Gonys ascending 38. PYGABBHICUS, p. 126. 
&\ Gonys straight. 

a". Bill longer, slenderer. 
J Commissure incurved .. 39. DENDBOBNIS, p. 127. 
] Commissure straight.... 40. DENDBOPLEX, p. 138. 

b". Bill shorter, stouter : 
j less broad at base 41. DENDBEXETASTES, p. 140. 
(more broad at base ... . 42. HYLEXETASTES, p. 141. 

e'. Gonys more or less incurved. 

o". Bill rather longer than head. 
I Bill stout; size large.... 43. XIPHOCOLAPTES, p. 142. 
| Bill slender j size small. . 44. PICOLAPTES, p. 146. 

cl". Bill twice as long as head. 
a'". Bill slightly broadened at 
the base 45. NASICA, p. 156. 

b'". Bill compressed throughout 
: 
j thicker, gently curved. 46. DBYMOBNIS, p. 157. 
j thinner, much curved. 47. XIPHORHYNCHUR, p. 158. 

B. 
Bill more or less depressed, expanded. 
I Bill less widened 48. DENDBOCINCLA, p. 162. 
) Bill more widened 40. DENDBOCOLAPTES, p. 160. 
35. 
SITTOSOMUS. 
Type. 
Sittasomus, 8w. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 355 (1827) S. erithacus. 
Sittosomus is a peculiar form of nearly uniform plumage, in which 
the beak is short and almost Sj'lviine, and the tail long with the 
ends of the stiffened stems of the rectrices projected far beyond 
the termination of the webs, and but slightly clothed with spiny 
barbules. Three species are distinguishable, which together extend 
from Southern Mexico to Argentina. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Throat not spotted. 
j Plead and body beneath yellowish 1. erithacus, p. 119. 
I Head and body beneath olivaceous 2. olivaeens, p. 119. 
B. Throat spotted 
3. stictokemus, p. 120. 
35 . SITTOSOMTTS. 
119 

1. Sittosomus eritliacus. 
Le Grimpar Sittelle, Levaill Prom. p. 75, t. 31. fig. 1 (?). 
Dendrocolaptes erithacus, Licht.Abh. Ahad.Berl, L820, p. 259, pi, 1. 

%. 2, et 1821, p. 266 j W. Boubl p. 17. 
Dendrocolaptes sylviellus, Temni. PI Col 72. fig-, 1. 
Sittasomus sylviellus, Sw. Class. Bird*, ii. p. 314. 
Sittasomus temminckii, Less. Tr. tfOrn. p. 314. 
Sittasomus erythacus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 209; Lafr. Rev. Zool 1850, 

p. 589,- Burm. Syst. TTeb. iii. p. 20; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. 
p. 33 j Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 100; Scl. et Sain. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 022 (Bolivia); Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 87 (S. Brazil); Set. et 
Muds. Arg. Dm. i, p. 198; BerL J.f.O. 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay). 
Sittasomus olivaceus, White, P. Z. 8/1*8*2, p. 013 (rep. Arg.). 

Above yellowish olive; outer secondaries, rump, and tail chestnut ; 
beneath as above, but rather brighter; crissum ciunamomcous; under 
wing-coverts and band across the inner webs of the wing-feathers 
pale fulvous: whole length 5'5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*8. Female 
similar. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and 1ST. Argentina. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil ^ M. Claussen [P ]. 
b. Ad. sk. Bio Janeiro, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
/ , q, h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
S.E. Brazil. 
J. Gould, Esq. 
Selaler Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
/. tf ad. sk. San Javier, Misiones, Arg.
Rep. (White). 
Sclater Coll, 
2. Sittosomus olivaceus, 

Sittasomus olivaceus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1140; Cab. et Mem. Mm. 
He in ii. p. 33; Reichenb. Handb. p. 170; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1868, p. 630 (Venezuela), I860, p. 303 (Mexico), 1873, p. 270 

(E. Peru), et 1879, p. 523 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 00; Salv. 
P. Z. S.' 1870, p. 192 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1883, p. 421 (Brit. 
Guiana); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 529 (C. Peru), 1877, pp. 323,332 
(Peru), et 1882, p. 27 (N.E. Peru); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, 
p. 202 (Colombia); Nuttinq, P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua); 
Banc. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 450 (Yucatan) ; Ridyw. P. U. S. N. M. is. 
p. 150 (Mexico). 
Sittasomus gri&eus, Jard. Ann. fy Mag. K II. xix. p. 82 (1847) ; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 209. 
Sittasomus amazonus, Lafr. Bev. Zool 1850, p. 590; DesMurs, Toy. 
de Casteln., Ois. p. 47, pi. 15. fig. 3; Scl. Cat.A.B. p. 100; Selet 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 184(Ucavali); Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 

p. 502, et 1885, p. 98 (W. Ecuador) $ Tacz. Dm. Per. ii. p. 103. 
Sittasomus erithacus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 589 (?); Scl. P. Z. S. 
1860, pp. 278, 293 (Ecuador). 
Sittasomus sylvioides, Lafr. Bev. Zool 1849, p. 331, et 1850, p. 590; 
Scl P. Z. S. 1850, p. 290,1859, p. 305, et 1804, p. 175 (S. Mexico); 
id. Cat. A.B. p. 100; Salv. Ibis, 1801, p. 353 (Guatemala); Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 100 (Ooata lttca); Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, 

p. 304 (Costa Bica). 
Sittasomus pectinicaudus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 33. 
DENDROCOLAPTID.2S. 

Olive-green ; exterior secondaries, rump, and tail chestnut : 
beneath rather brighter ; crissum cinnamomeous : under wing-coverts 
and band across the inner webs of the wing-feathers pale fulvous: 
whole length 5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 3. Female similar. 

Hah. S. Mexico, Central America, and South America clown to 
Brazil. 
The greenish-olive colour distinguishes this, generally more 
northern, form from the preceding, but the two species are closely 

allied. 

a, h. Ad. sk. 

c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. 5 ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. 
j. S ad. sk. 
'k. Ad. sk. 
I. § ad. sk. 
m. 2 ad. sk. 
n. J ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p. Ad. sk. 
q. Ad. sk. 
r. $ ad. sk. 
$. <$ ad. sk. 

t. (S ad. sk. 
u} v. Ad. sk. 
w. Ad. sk. 
,r. Ad. sk. 
?/-<?'. Ad. sk. 
d'. g ad.; e', f, 
$ ad. sk. 
g'> h\ S $ ad. sk, 

if 

. 
(S ad. sk. 

f, h'. Ad. sk. 
'l', m\ Ad. sk. 

w'; of. (S ad. j p', 

q% r'. Ad. sk. 

Jalapa, Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Northern Yucatan (Gawher). 
Savana Grande, Vera Paz 


(Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Guatemala. 
Tempate, Nicoya, Costa Eica 


(ArcS). 
Costa Eica (Carmiol). 
Costa Eica. 
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). 
Chitra, Veragua (Arce). 
Southern slope of the Volcano 

of Chiriqui (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Manaure, Santa Marta, U. S. C. 

(Simons), 

Eemeclios, Antioquia, IJ. S. C. 

{Salmon). 
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Tiling


worth). 
Venezuela (Qoeriny). 
Venezuela. 
Tobago (Kirk). 
Eoraima, Brit. Guiana 

( Whitdy). 
Eoraima, Brit. Guiana 
( Whitdy). 
Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana 

(Whitdy). 

River Ucayali. 
Brazil. 
Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil 


(II. E.Smith). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Ilerr Salmin [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


0. Salvin, Esq. [P."|. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-G odman Coil. 


Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Jai'dine Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. ' 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
D.D\son[C.j. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


E. Bartlett [CI. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Sittosomus stictol&nms. 
Sittasomus strictolaemus, 
Feb. Orn. Bras. pp. 42, 59; Scl. et Said. 
Nomencl p. 60; iid. F. Z.S. 1873, p. 270 (Ucayali): Tacz. Orn. 
Fer. ii. p. 1G4. 

36 . M1EGAE0RNXS. 
121 

Cap olive-brown, with, the shafts palo ; back rufous-olive; outer 
secondaries, rump, and tail cinnamon-red; beneath brownish olive; 
sides of head and throat spotted with pale yellowish; crissum 
cinnamomcous. (Pelzehi.) 

Ilab. Amazonia. 

3G. MAMAEOBETIS. 

Typo. 

Margarornis, Reichenb. Handb. d. sj). Oni. p. 179 (1882) M. squamigora, 

Anabasitta, Lafr. lied, ZooL 1853, p. 492 M. squamigera. 

Margarornis contains six species remarkable for the pearl-like 
spots which ornament their inferior plumage. The form is allied 
to Sittosomus, and has a similar Sylviine bill, but a softer and not so 
spiny tail. It is distributed from Costa Kica to Peru and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Back not spotted. 
a. Back chestnut-red. 
a'. Belly with large oval spots. 
| Head chestnut 1. squamigera^ p. 12^. 
*) Head brown 2. perlata, p. 121. 

b'. Belly with small round spots. 
Breast rusty, spots distinctly margined 
with black 3. stellata, p. 122. 
Breast pale fulvoiw, spots .slightly 

ended with black '. 4. rubiginosa, p. 122. 

b. Back brown 
5. brunnescens) p. 123. 
B. Back spotted 
0. guttata, p. 123. 
1. Margarornis squamigera, 
Anabates squamigera, d'Orb. etLafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 14; dOrh. Voy. 

Ois. p. 369, pi. liv. fig. 2. 
Anabasitta squamigera, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 492. 
Margarornis squamiger, Reichb. Handb, p. 179. 
Margarornis squamigera, Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 322,* Sol et Sato. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 622 (Bolivia). 
Above chestnut-red; superciliaries and spots on sides of neck 

clear yellowish : beneath brown, profusely spotted with large shaft-

spots of clear pale yellowish, which are definitely margined with 

black; under wing-coverts and a large blotch at the base of the 

wing-feathers pale fulvous: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 3. 

Female similar. 

Hah. Bolivia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo/Yimgas,Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad.sk. Bolivia. 
Purchased. 
2. Margarornis perlata. 
Sittasomus 
perlatus, Lesson, Echo d. Monde Saw 1844, p. 275 
(Bogota) ; Rp. Consp. i. p. 209. 

122 
DEOTmOCOLAPTIDiE. 

Margarornis perlata, Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 323; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 523 (Antioquia) ; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 300, et 
1885, p. 98 (Ecuador); Tacts. Orn. Per. ii. p. 164. 

Margarornis squamigera, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 160; id. P. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 142 (Bogota), 1858, p. 553 (Ecuador), I860, pp. 06, 88 
(Ecuador) j Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 34 j Scl. et Salv. 
Nomenel p. 67; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 529 (Central Peru), 1880, 
p. 201 (N. Peru), et 1882, p. 27 (N.E. Peru). 
Nearly similar to M. per lata, but distinguishable by its brownish 

head, and the much less yellowish tinge of the spots beneath. 
Ilab. Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
b. J ad. sk. Sierra Nevada, Merida, VenSalvin-
Godman Coll 
c. Ad. st.
cl. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . 2 a&- skg. Ad. sk.
h. Ad.sk.
ezuela (Goering). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Santa Elena, U.S. C. (Salmon). 
Santa Elena, U. S. 0. 
Vicinity of Medellin, U.S.C. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
T. K. Salmon [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. cS ad. sk.
j , h. Ad. sk.
/, m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
(Salmon), 
Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Ecuador. 
Ecuador {Jameson). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 

3. Margarornis stellata. 
Margarornis stellata, 
ScL et Salv. Nomenel pp. 67, 160 (Ecuador); 
Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 316. 

Above uniform chestnut-red : beneath similar, but paler and more 
brownish; throat pale fulvous white; breast and centre of belly 
spotted with very small circular spots of pale fulvous, which are 
definitely margined with black: under wing-coverts pale fulvous, 
slightly striated; blotch at the base of the wing-feathers fulvous ; 
bill and feet pale brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3. 

Ilab. Western Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Jameson). Jardine Coll. 
4. Margarornis mbiginosa. 
Margarornis rubiginosa, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 128, et ix. 
p. 106 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 304 (Costa Rica) ; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 67; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Costa 
Rica). 
Above chestnut-red, head more brownish, superciliaries pale 
fulvous: beneath fulvous brown, more reddish on the flanks and 
crissum; throat and breast pale fulvous white, breast spotted with 

36 . MAEGAKOENIS. 
123 

small circular spots of clear yellowish with a small subterminal 
blackish point; wing-coverts pale fulvous, with obsolete striations; 
bill and feet yellowish: whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2-9. 
Female similar. 

Hob. Costa Rica and Voragua. 

a. Ad. sk. San Jos&, Costa Rica (Calleja). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers), Salvin-Godtnan Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers), Sclater Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arve). Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
5. Margaroruis brunuesceus. 
Margarornis brumiescens, Scl. P. Z.S. 1850, p. 27, pi. cxvi. (Bogota), 
et 1800, p. 88 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. 11 p. 101; Salv. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 143, et 1870, p. 192 (Veragua); Later. Ann. Lyc. N. T. 

ix. p. 100 (Costa Rica) ; Franiz. J.f. 0. J 809, p. 304 (Costa Rica) ; 
Scl. et Solo. Nomencl. p. 07 ; iid. P. Z. S.1879, p. 528 (Antioquia); 
Tats. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 27 <N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 160; 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 503, 1884, p. 300, et 1885, p. 98 
(Ecuador). 
Margarornis brunneicauda, Laivr.Ann. Lyc. N. T. viii. p. 130 (Costa 
Rica). 

Above brown, with obsolete darker margins to the feathers of the 

head and back ; lores and slight superciliarios pale fulvous: beneath 

similar, throat fulvous; breast and belly covered with oval shaft-

spots of pale fulvous, which are rather broadly margined with black; 

under wing-coverts fulvous, with slight blackish striations: whole 

length 5'5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2*4. Female similar. 

Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
b. $ ad. sk. CIntra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
O. 
<5 ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcano of Salviu-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqui (Arci). 
d. Ad. sk. Oalobre, Veragua (Arci). Sah in-Godinan Coll. 
e. (S ad. sk. Cordillera de Tol6, Veragua (Arve). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. <$ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ff-Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
? ad. sk. Veragua (Arci). Sclater Coll. 
i. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. 
k.. ? ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. Ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia. T. K. Salmon [C.]. 
m. Ad. sk. Baisa, Ecuador (Buckhy). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n., J ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6. Margaroruis guttata. 
Margaroruis guttata, Law. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 128 (Ecuador); 
Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 316. 
Margaromis perlata, Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 523 (part.). 

Above brown; indistinct superciliaries pale fulvous; back covered 

DENDK0C0LAPTID2E. 

with, large shaft-spots of pale fulvous, which are slightly margined 
with "blackish; upper tail-coverts and tail ferruginous ; wings black, 
slightly margined with ferruginous: beneath brown, throat pale 
fulvous white, breast and belly covered with large oval spots of pale 
fulvous, which are slightly margined with blackish; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers fulvous : whole length 
5-8 inches, wing 2-C, tail 2*8. 

Ilab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

This species is at once distinguishable from all the preceding by 
its clearly-spotted back. 

a. Ad.sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salun-Goclman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Jardine Coll. 
Purchased. 

37. GLYPHOEHYNCHUS. Type> 
Glyphorynchus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1149 (1831) (f. cuneatus. 
Sphenorynckus, Max. op. cit. p. 1278 (1831) G. cuneatus. 
Zenopliasia, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 351 (1838) Gr. cuneatus. 
Sittaciha, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 135 (1837) G. cuneatus. 

Glypliorliynclms is at once recognizable amongst the other Denclrocolaptime 
by its short stout wedge-like bill and upturned gonys. 
It ranges from Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil. 

1. Glyphornynchus cuneatus. 
Dendrocolaptes cuneatus, Licht. Abh Akacl Berl 1820, p. 204. t. 2. 
fig. 2, et 1821, p. 266 ; id. Doubt, p. 17; Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 89. 
pi. 91. fig. a 

Glyphorynchus ruflcaudus, Mat. Beitr. iii. p. 1150. 
Zenopliasia platyiyneha, Siv. An. in Menag. p. 352. 
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 28; Bp. Consp. 


i. p. 209 j Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 19; ScL P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142 
(Bogota), 18,58, p. 63 (S. Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 161 ; Later. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 320 (Colombia) ; ScL et Salv. Ibis. 1860, 
p. 35 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 574 (L. Amazon), 1873, 
p. 270 (E. Peiu), et 1879, p. 523 (Antioquia); iid. NomencL p. 67; 
Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 205 (Guatemala), et 1885, p. 421 (Brit. Guiana); 
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 (Colombia); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 
(Para); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Costa Bica); Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 27 (N.E. Peru); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 613 (rep. Arg.): 
Bidgio. P. U. S. N. MM. p. 404 (Nicaragua) ; JBerl J.f.O. 1887, 
p. 132 (Paraguay); ScL et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 199. 
Glvphorlrjnchus pectoralis, ScL P. Z. S. 1860, p. 299 (Ecuador) ; ScL 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 354 (Panama); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. 

viii. p. 180 (Nicaragua), et is. p. 106 (Costa Eica); Frantz. J.f O. 
I860, p. 305 (Costa Bica); Sain. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 192 (Veragua). 
Glyphorhynchus major, ScL P. Z. S. 1862, p. 369 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 161. 
Glyphorhynchus 
castelnaudi, JDes 3Iurs, Voy. Castehi., Ois. p. 47, 
pi. 15. tig. 2 ; Sol. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 141 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 161; ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 750 (E. Peru). 
Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudi, BerL et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, 
37. QLYPiroBHYNciixrs.
p. 5G3,1884, p. 300, ot 1885, p. 08 (W. Ecuador) ; Tacz. Oni. P(h: 
ii. p. 1G7. 
Above brown; slight buporoiliarios and small spots on the sides of 
the head pale fulvous; edges of outer secondaries, rump, and tail 
chestnut: beneath brown, throat and fore neck densely spotted with 
fulvous; breast with slight striations of the same colour; under 
wing-coverts white; band across the inner webs of the wing-
feathers pale cmnamomeous : wholo length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 
2*5. Female similar. 

Uab. S. Mexico, Central America, and South America down to 
Argentina. 

In accordance with others I formerly attempted to divide this 
form into various geographical subspecies; but a renewed examination 
of a large series leads rnc to the conclusion that this cannot 

be done satisfactorily. 

a. c? ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
G. Ad. sk.
cl Ad. sk.
e-y. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. ? ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.h, 
I J ad. sk.

m. Ad. sk.
n, o. $ $ ad, sk.
p, q. Ad. sk.

r. <$ ad. sk.
s* Ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.
u. Q ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
to. $ ad. sk.
x. <$ ad. sk.
v. 2 &d. sk.
z. $ ad. sk.
a',b'. 6 $ ad.sk.
e'. $ ad. sk. 
Yzabel, Guatemala

(Sal mi), 

 Sources of Rio de laPasion, Vera Paz 

(Salvin). 

 Choctum, Vera Paz

(Salvin).

 Choctum, Vera Paz

(Salvin).

 Vera Paz. 
Tucumqui, Costa Pica


(Arce). 

 Bugaba,Okiriqiu(^l/Te). 
Mina de Chorcha, Chi


riqui (Arci). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Pallatanga, Ecuador

(Fraser). 

 Sarayacu, Ecuador

(Buckley), 

 Bio Napo, Ecuador. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Yquitos, U. Amazon


(Whitely). 

 Chamicuros, U. Amazons. 
Samiria, U. Amazons


(Saw well), 

 Poraima, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely). 

 Roraima, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely). 

 Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely). 

 Bartica Grove, Brit.
Guiana ( Whitely). 
Bartica Grove, Brit.
Guiana (Whitely). 


 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll.) (Types 
I of G. 
Sclater Coll. ( pecto) 
ralis.) 

 0. Salvin, Esq. [0.1. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


 Salvin-Godman Coll. 


 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 E. Bartlett [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

126 

d'. Ad. sk 
e'. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
V'. Ad. sk. 
ti, i'. Ad. sk. 

/'. Ad. sk. 

k', I'. Ad. sk. 

m'} n\ Ad. sk. 
o'. Ad. sk. 

DENDROCOLAPTIDiE. 

Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne (Jelslci). 
Cayenne (Jelski). 
Cayenne. 
Para, Lower Amazons 


(Wallace). 
Para, Lower Amazons 

(Layard). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wu~ 
cherer). 

Brazil. 
Brazil. 

Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

38. PYGARRHICUS. Typ e 
Pygarrhiclms, Barm. Handb. d. Nat. p. 769 (1837).... P. albigularis. 
Dendrodranius, Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 82 (1841) P. albigularis. 
Dromodendron, Gray, List Gen. B., App. p. 6 (1842) .. P. albigularis. 

This is a well-marked type of the Patagonian subregion, recognizable 
at once by its straight, somewhat elongated, much compressed 
bill, with the gonys strongly ascending, short tail, and pure 
white breast. 

1. Pygarrhicus albigularis. 
Dendrocolaptes 
albigularis, King, P. Z. S. 1830-31, p. 30 (Str. of 
Magellan); PMlippi, An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 254. 
Dendrodramus leucosternus, Gould, in Dariv. Voy. 'Beagle,' Zool. iii. 

p. 82, pi. 27. 
Dromodendron leucosternum, Gray, List Gen. Birds, App. p. 0. 
Pygarrliichus sittellus, Lieht. in Mus. Berol. 
Pygarrhiclms leucosternus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p.'232;Bj). 
Consp. i. p. 209. 
Pygarrhicus albigularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein, ii. p. 34 ,• Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 161; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 324, 338 (Chili); Scl. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 07; iid. Pep. Chall. Dip., Birds, p. 102; iid. P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 433 (Patagonia); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 9 (Str. of 
Magellan). 
Head of Pygarrhicus albigidaris. 

^ Above brown lores and line along side of head blackish ; edges 

ou^er

fxW fl(>£Y,(*»(c0*' secondaries, lower back, rump, and tail chestnut: beneath, 

tnroat 

t 
T t/u> neck, breast, and middle of belly pure white ; flanks brownish 

(LClut»v\T 6 » chestnut, with white spots along the sides of the belly and crissum ; 
under wing-coverts pure white whole length 6 inches, wing 3*3, 
tail 2. Female similar. 

Hah. Southern Chili and Western Patagonia. 

39. DENDROMTIS. 
127 

a. d acl. sk. Oliili (Heed). Selater Coll. 
b. Ad. sic. Chili {Meed). Salvin-<Rodman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Chili (PMUppi), Selater Coll. 
d. e. $ ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). ftalvin-Godman Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
lu Ad. sk. S. Chili. Selater Coll. 
i. S ad. sk. Puerto Bueno, Patagonia. i Challenger' Exp. 
j. Ad. sk. Sky-ring "Water, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [0.]. 
39. DENDROENIS *. Typ6 i 
Dendrornis, Eyton, Co?dr, Orn. 1852, p. 23 I), snsurrans. 
Dendrornis is one of the most difficult groups of this perplexing 
subfamily, and I do not delude myself with tho idea that I have 
been successful in reducing the various forms and their complicated 
synonymy into satisfactory order. 1 am able, however, to recognize 
sixteen species, which are spread over the forests of Central and 
South America from Mexico to Southern Brazil. The DendroniitJws 
arc D&MlrocQlaptinte of moderate size, with the bill straight and 
rather elongated, but the culmen and commissure slightly incured. 

Key to tlie Species. 

A. Larger forms : wing about 4*5. 
a. Breast with long striations. 
a'. Crissum not distinctly striated. 
a". Breast-striations narrower. 

J Interscapulium striated 1. guttata, p. 128. 

j Interscapulium not striated 2. guttatoides, p. 128. 

b". Breast-striations wider. 

j Bill light 3. rostripalkns, p. 129. 

| Bill dark 4. eytoni, p. 129. 

b'. Crissum distinctly striated. 
j Darker, browner in colour 5. eburneirostris, p. 130. 
j Lighter, more sandy beneath 0. mentalis, p. 131. 

b. Breast triangularly spotted, 
j Eump chestnut 7. erythropygia, p. 131. 
( Rump olivaceous 8. triangularis, p. 132. 
G. Breast with large ocellations 9. lacrymosa, p. 133. 
B. Smaller forms: wing about 4-0. 
d. Bill rather longer than the head : crissum 
not striated. 
c\ Breast striated. 
G". Belly not distinctly striated. 
Larger: lighter on the throat ... . 10. susurrans, p. 133. 
Smaller: more rufescent on the { throat 11. pardalotus, p. 134. 

* Eefer also to the following described species: — 
1. Dendrornis /denerii, Des Murs, Voj. Oasteln., Ois. p. 45, t. xiv.fig.1 
(Upper Amazons). 
2. Dendrornis jpalliatus, Des Murs, op, cit. p. 46, t. xv. fig. 1 (Upper 
Amazon). 
3. Naslea oVorhignyanus, Lafr. R. Z. 1850, p. 420 (Bolivia). 
4. Dendrornis jfrateredus, Eidgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. 1887, p. 526 (L. Amazons) 
DEtfDR0C0LA.rTID.2E. 

128 

&". Belly distinctly striated 12. jpolystictus, p. 135. 
d'. Breast ocellated. 

] Iiiterscapulium finely striated 13. ocellata, p. 136. 

] Interscapulium ocellated 14. eleyans, p. 137. 
Bill shorter, about equal to the head: cris


siun striated. 
J Fore neck ocellated 15. spixi, p. 137. 
I Fore neck striated 16. multiguttata, p. 138. 

1. Dendrornis guttata. 
Dcndrocolaptes guttata, LicM. AhJi, Acad. Berl. 1820, p. 201,1821, 
p. 264; id. Doubl. p. 16 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 12. 
Nasica guttata, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 385. 
Dendrornis guttata, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1854, p. Ill ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 164; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. 

p. 36; Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 68; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 622 
(Bolivia). 
Above brown ; head, neck, and interscapulium with light fulvous 
shaft-stripes, these shaft-stripes more or less margined with blackish; 
outer webs of wing-feathers, rump, and tail ferruginous: beneath 
rather paler; neck, breast, and belly covered with rather broader 
pale fulvous shaft-stripes, these shaft-stripes more or less margined 
with blackish; throat nearly uniform pale fulvous; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers pale cinnamomeous: 
bill dark horn-colour; feet blackish: whole length 9-5 inches, 

wing 4*5, tail 4. Female similar. 
Hah. S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 
a, b. Ad.sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wticherer), 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
d-f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Guanai, Bolivia {Buckley). Saivin-Godman Coll. 

2. Dendrornis guttatoides. 
Dendrocolaptes guttata, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 690. 
Nasica guttatoides, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1850, p. ^87 (Cayenne). 
Dendrornis guttatoides, Byton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; JDes Murs, 


Voy. Casteln.j Ois. p. 43, t. xiii. fig. 2 (Upper Amazons) ?; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 164; Scl. et Salv. Nomenel p. 68; Salu. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 422 (Brit. Guiana). 
Similar to D. guttata, but perhaps rather smaller, and not striped 

so far down the back. 
Hah. Guiana and Cayenne. 
I am doubtful whether this Guianan representative of D. guttata 

can always be distinguished from the Brazilian form. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. S $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

39 . DOTDK0RN1S. 
3. Dendrornis rostripailens. 
Dendrornis lustripallens, Pes Murs, Voy. CasUln.} Ois. p. 15, pi. 12. 
tig. 2; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 10 J ; Peh. 6m. Bras, p. 45; SclctSaiv. 

P.Z.S. 1800, p. 184 (Ucayali), lb7tf, p. 271 (E. Pom); /Yd 
Nomencl. p. 08; 7te, J?.#.& 1882, p. 27 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 170. 
Dendrornis pallidirostris, Sclater, P. #. & 1858, p. 03 (Pio Napo). 
Dendrorniy guttata, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 529 (Ceutral Peru). 
Dendrornis leucorhynchus, JSraU. MS. (teste PeLehi). 

Above brown; head, neck, and upper back with pale fulvous 
shaft-stripes, which have moro or less distinct blackish margins; 
lower back, wings, and tail ferruginous: beneath brown as above, 
but rather brighter; breast covered by rather broadened shaft-stripes 
of pale fulvous which grow narrower and more or less evanescent 
on the belly: throat pale fulvous white; under wing-coverts dark 
cinnamon; bill pale dirty white : whole length 9*5 inches, wing 4*5, 
tail 4*3. Female similar. 

Hah. Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Bolivia. 
The pale whitish bill and the wider shape of the striations on 
the breast distingui&h this species from the two preceding. 

a. Ad. sk. Oyapock, Cayenne. Sab in-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Barra do Itio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Ega, Amazons (Bate*). Sclater Coll. (Compared 
with type.) 
d. 5 ad. sk. Nauta, Peru (Hauxivell). Sab in-Godman Coll. 
e,f. 
$ § ad. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. (Whtely). 


a. 
<$ ad. sk. Yquitos, tipper Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
h. (S ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons. II. Wliitely [C.]. 
i 
$ ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons (Ham'- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
well), 


j. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Uca} ali. E. Bartlett [0.]. 
7c, I Ad. bk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Itio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
o, p, q. Ad. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
/•. Ad. sk. Bolivia (?). Eyton Coll. 


5. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [0.]. 
4. Dendrornis eytoni. 
Dendrocolaptes 
eytoni, Scl. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 09, pi. Ivii. (Lower 
Amazons). 
Dendrornis eytoni, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 105; Scl. et Sale. P. Z. S. 1807, 

p. 575 (Lower Amazons); iid. Nomencl p. 08; Layard, Ibis, 
1873, p. 385 (Para); Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 45 (Rio Madeira). 
Dendrocolaptes melanorhynchus, Natt. MS. (teste Peheln). 

ibove brown, head blackish; whole head, neck, and upper back 
covered with oval shaft-spots of clear pale fulvous, these are small 
and narrow on the head and large and broad on the back, where 
they have distinct blackish margins; wings, lower back, and tail 


VOL. xv.

18 0 
DENPBOCOTAFIID2E. 

forruginous red: beneath rather paler• throat nearly white; fore 
neck, breast, and upper belly with wide shaft-stripes of pale fulvous, 
which become more or less evanescent on the lower belly; crissum 
and under wing-coverts cinnamorneous ; bill and feet black : whole 
length 9-5 inches, wing 4*5, tail 3*8. Female similar. 

Jfah. Lower Amazonia. 
The dark bill distinguishes this species from D. rostripallens. 
The shaft-spots on the upper back are also much larger and clearer. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk. 
Rio Capim {Wallace). 
Para, Lower Amazons {Wallace). 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons {Layaril). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk, 
Santarem, Amazons (Wichham). 
Borba, Brazil {Nattere?-). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

5. Dendroruis ehurneirostris. 
Xipliorhynchus flavigaster, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 440 (?) ; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 208. 
Dryocopus ebumeirostris, Less. Echo d. M. 8. 1843. 
Dry ocop usflavigasterett). ebumeirostris, Des Mars, Icon. Orn. pi. 52. 
Nasica flavigaster, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1850, p. 383. 
Premnocopus ebumeirostris, Heiclib. Hanclb. p. 186. 
Dendrorms ebumeirostris, Fyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; Cab. et 
Hem. Mtcs. Hein. ii. p. 37 ; 8cl. Cat. A. B. p. 1G4 j Lawr. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 201 (N. Yucatan) j 861. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, 
pp. 837, 839 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 08; Midgw. P. U. 8. 
m M. vi. pp. 375, 385 (Nicaragua) • Bouc. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 450 
(Yucatan). 

Dendrorms 
flavigastra, Sol P. Z. S. 1856, p. 289, et 1859, p. 381 
(Mexico) $ Scl et 8alo. Ibis, 1860, p. 389 (Guatemala); Midgw. 

P. U. 8. N. M. ix. p. 156 (Mexico). 
Picolapteb validirostris, Fyto?i} Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 75. 
Above brown; head much darker, nearly blackish• feathers of 
head, neck, and upper back marked with long shaft-stripes of pale 
fulvous edged with black; wings, rump, and tail ferruginous brown : 
beneath paler; breast and belly with similar long shaft-stripes, 
which extend over the crissum; throat pale fulvous, the feathers on 
the sides of the neck slightly margined with blackish; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers pale ferruginous; bill 
dirty white; feet brown: whole length 8'8 inches, wing 4*4, tail 4. 
Female similar. 

Hob. S. Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and Honduras. 
This is a smaller representative of the group of Z). guttata^ and 
has a smaller and more slender bill. 

a, b. S S ^d. Caeoprieto, Tehuantepec, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. {Sumichrast). 

e. Ad. sk. Santa Eugenia, Tehuantepec, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico {8umichrast). 
d. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan {Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Yucatan. Sclater Coll. 
39. BEKTBKORNra.
<y. Ad. sk. Tuloom, E. coast of Yucatan Salvin-Uodmau Coll. 
{Gaumer). 
h, i. Ad. sk. Meco L, Yucatan {Gaumer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ Ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 

{Blancaneaux). 

h. Ad. sk. British Honduras {Dyson). Purchased. 
/, m. Ad. sk. British Honduras. 1). Dyson [0.]. 
n. 
<$ ad. sk. Sources of Bio de la Pasion, Vera Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Paz (Scdvui). 
o. Ad. sk. Ohoctuin, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
q. Ad. sk. Savana Grande, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
r. Ad. sk. Savana ^ Grande, Guatemala Tw eeddale Coll. 
{Salvin). 
s. 
$ ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Diego, SaUin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala {Salvin). 
t. Ad. sk. Iletalhulou, Guatemala (Maliin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
it. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras ( Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
to. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6. Dendrornis mentalis. 
Bendrornis mentalis, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 481*(Mazatlan). 
Similar to D, ebumeirostris, but paler and more sandy coloured, 
especially on the body beneath. 
Ilab. Western Mexico. 
1 am not at all satisfied as to the specific distinctness of this 
paler form of the preceding species. 

a, b. (S $ ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico {Forrev). Salvin-Godman Co 1. 

7. Bendrornis erythropygia. 
Dendrornis triangularis, Scl. P. Z. S.1850, p. 289 (S. Mexico) j Scl. 
et Sah, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 022 (Bolivia). 

Dendrornis erythropygia, Scl. P. Z. S.1859, pp. 300,381 (S. Mexico); 
id. Cat. A, B. p. 165; Scl et Sab, Ibis, 1800, p. 35 (Guatemala) ; 
iicl P.Z.8.1804. p. 355(Panama), et 1875, p. 235 (Venezuela); 
Ud. Nommcl. p. d>8; Cab. J. f. 0.1801, p. 242 (Costa i(iea); Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. F. ix. p. 107 (Costa fcica); Sale. P. Z. S. 1807, 

p. 144, et 1870, p. 193 (Veragua); Frantz. J.f, 0. 1809, p. 305 
(Costa liica). 
Bendrornis erythropygia sequatorialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.1883, 

p. 503 (W. Ecuador). 
Bendrornis punctigula, 
Mdyw. Br. U, 8. N. 31. xi. p. 544; Scl. Ibis, 
1889, p. 352 (Costa Rica), 

Above olivaceous brown, head and upper back more or less covered 
with oval shaft-spots of pale fulvous; external edgings of wings, 
lower back, and tail deep ferruginous: beneath greenish olive-brown, 
covered with large triangular shaft-spots of pale fulvous white , 
under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers ferruginous , 
bill pale plumbeous: whole length 8-5 inches, wing 4*5, tail 4. 
Female similar. 

K2 

DENBBO C OL APTIBiE. 

Hah. 8. Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Pern, and Bolivia. 

The strong olivaceous colour below and large triangular spots 
render this species at once distinguishable from all its congeners 
except D. triangularis, from which, it only differs in its lower back 
being ferruginous red like the tail. In Costa Eica and Veragua the 
dorsal spots are usually evanescent (D. punctigala), but reappear in 
specimens from Panama and S. America. 

a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. $ 
ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion; Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Vera Paz (Salvin). 
d. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll. 
f. £ ad. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
1%, i. Ad. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Central America. Sclater Coll. 
k. cS ad.sk. Angostura, Costa Rico, (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. tf ad. sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. 2 ad. sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arci). 0. Salvin [P.]. 
n. $ ad. sk. Santiago de Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. J ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. (S ad. sk. Veragua (Arci). Sclater Coll. 
q. c? ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcano Salvin-Godman Coll. 
of Chiriqui (Arce). 
r. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. j ad. sk. Panama (McLecuman) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. $ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
u. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vj w. Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
cs9 y. Ad. sk. Venezuela (?). D. Dyson [0.]. 
8. Dendrornis triangularis. 
Dendrocolaptes triangularis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 134: id. Mew. 

de Zool 1843, Ois. pi. 32. 
Nasica triangularis, Lafr. R. Z. 1850, p. 418. 
Dendrornis triangularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142 (Bogota), 1859, 

p. 140 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 165 ,* Scl. et Salv. Nomenci. 
p. 68 j iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 523 (Antioquia); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 27 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 177. 
Picolaptes triangularis, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22. 
Similar to I). erytTiropygia, but lower back olive-brown except the 

upper tail-coverts. 
Bab. Colombia and Venezuela. 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Santa Elena, Antioquia. 
Mericla, Venezuela (Briero). 
T. K Salmon [0.1. 
Sclater Coll. 

39 . DTCNMtOBMS. 
133 

9. Bendrornis lacrymosa. 
Dendroniis lacrymosa, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 407 (Panama); 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 355 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia), 
1870, p. 889 (Honduras), 1879, p. 523 (Antioquia) ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. Q8; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1807, p. 144, ct 1870, p. 103 
(Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, pp. 313, 317 (Nicaragua). 

Above, head, -wing-coverts, and upper back blackish, covered 
with large rounded shaft-spots of palo fulvous; wings, lower back, 
and tail chestnut-red: beneath covered with numerous large 
rounded shaft-spots of palo fulvous which are margined with black ; 
throat nearly clear pale fulvous ; under wing-coverts deep fulvous; 
inner margins of wing-feathers chestnut like the tail; bill plumbeous 
white: whole length 9 inches, wing 4*0, tail 4. Female similar. 

Hob. Nicaragua, Veragua, Panama, and Colombia. 

This is a very distinct species, at once known by its chestnut 
back and tail and the large ocellated spots. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. e. $ 5 ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. bk.
h. 2 ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk. 
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). 
Santiago de Veragua (Arce). 
Veragua (Arce). 
Rugaba, Chiriqui {Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arce). 
Panama (MeLeannan). 
Panama (MeLeannan). 
Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.l. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon). 

10. Bendrornis susiirranS. 
Dendrocolaptes 
susurrans, Jard. Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 81 
(1847) (Tobago). 
Dendroniis susurrans, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; Sol. Cat A. 
J?, p. 165; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 85 (W. Indies); ScL et Solo. 

P. Z. S. 1808, pp. 167, 627, et 1809, p. 252 (Venezuela), 1870, 
p. 830 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 68; Bouc. P. Z. K 1878, p. 60 
(Costa Rica); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 171 (Sia, Marta); 
Sab. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424 (Panama). 
Nasica beauperthuysii, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 410 (partim). 
Bendrornis nana, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 181; id. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. 

p. 4 (Panama); >SW. et Salv. P.Z.8. 1861, p. %?>> (Panama), et 
1870, p. 837 (Honduras); Salv. P. Z. S. Ib70, p. 193 (Veragua). 
Bendrornis pardalotus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 4 (Panama), 

p. 180 (Nicaragua), et ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica); Franfz. J. /. 0. 
1869; p. 305 (Costa Rica). 
Bendrornis guttata, Laivr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 262 (Panama). 
Bendrornis lawrencii, Ridgic. P)\U.S.N.M. x. p. 509 (Panama); 

Scl. Ibis, 1889, p. 353. 
Bendrornis lawrencii costaricensis, Ilidgto. Pr. U. S. N. M. x, p. 510 
(Costa Rica); Scl. Ibis, 1889, p. 353. 

Above brown; head and neck darker, with shaft-stripes of palo 
fulvous margined with black; lower back, lower half of wings, and 

DENDRO C OL APTIDJ3. 

tail ferruginous : beneath brown; throat pale fulvous; neck, breast, 
and upper belly more or less striated with pale fulvous shaft-
stripes, which are more or less distinctly margined with blackish 
and vary much in shape, being in some specimens broader and in 
others narrower; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-
feathers fulvous: whole length 9 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3*6. 
Female similar. 

Ifab. Honduras and Central America southwards to Panama and 
the northern littoral of Colombia and Venezuela. 

This is a very variable species, if it is correct to keep all the 
series under one name, as was first proposed by Mr. Salvin and 
myself (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837). D. susurrans is generally larger 
than D. pardalotus, and has a longer bill, and the colour of the 
throat and breast-stripes is much paler. But in some instances 
it is very difficult to separate specimens, and I am rather inclined 
to unite the two species. 

a. Ad. sk. Medina, Honduras ( Wliitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
c. d. tf 5 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua {ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
f. 
$ ad. sk Bugaba, Chiriqui {Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. 
<$ ad. sk. San Pablo Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Pan ama (Salvin). 
h. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama {Hughes). 
I 
# ad.; y, h $ Panama {JlcLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad.; l-7i. Ad. sk. 

o. Ad. sk. Pana m a (McLeamum). Sclater Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Panama (llarkham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Panama {Arce). Sclater Coll. 
r. Ad. sk. Panama. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
s. Ad. sk. Panama. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. N."W. coast of S. America. Kellett & Wood [C.]. 
u. $ 
ad. sk. Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Simons). 
v. tf ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Sclater Coll. 
{Moeschler). 
to. (S ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goer-Sclater Coll. 

%)• 

x. $ ad. sk. Caripe, Venezuela (Goermy). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela {Dyson). Purchased. 
». Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
a'. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Eyton Coll. 
V-d'. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
e'J'. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
y.'Ad. sk. Tobago {Kirk). Sclater Coll. 
//. Ad. sk. Tobago {Kirk). Eyton Coll. 
i\ Ad. sk. Tobago. GOVT. Ussher [P.J. 
11. Deu&rornis pardalotus. 
Le Grimpar flambe, Levaill. P?*om. p. 74, t. 30 (Cayenne). 
Dendrocopus pardalotus, Vicill. Noiiv. Diet. xxvi. p. 117,- uh Eric, 
Meth. p. 624. 

39 , DE3TDK0KNJS. 

135 

Deudrocolaptes tlanmiens, Licht, Abh Ahad. BerL 1818, p, 202. 
Nasica pardalotus, Lqfr. Rev. ZooL 1850, p. 380. 
Dendrornis pardalotus, Byton, Contr. Orn, 1852, p. 23 ; ScL Cat. A. 


B. p, 104; Feb. Ibis, 1873, p. 110; M, et Salv. Nomencl \\ 08; 
iid. 1\ Z. S. 1870, p. 022 (Bolivia) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p, 422 (Brit. 
Guiana). 
Above brown; head, neck, and upper back covered with clear 
shaft-stripes of pale fulvous with blackish margins ; upper half of 
wings brown, unspotted; lower half of wings, lower back, and tail 
bright ferruginous, almost chestnut: beneath brown, with clear 
fulvous shaft-stripes on the fore neck, breast, and upper belly; 
throat more or less clear and unspotted fulvous ; under wing-coverts 
and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamoineous; bill dark horncolour, 
often more or less pale beneath : whole length 8-1- inches, 
wing 4*2, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Eab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia. 

In some specimens in the series of this species the bill is extremely 
short, only about 0*0 inch from the nostril to the iip, 
instead of 1*1 or 1*2 inch. These are, perhaps, young birds, as 
they do not differ materially in other respects and there are inter


mediate forms. 
a, b. Ad. sk. S.America. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk,
e. Ak. sk.
/; g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. <S ad. sk.
j , h. <$ 5 ad. sk. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne (Jelshi). 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
Barm, Rio Negro (Natterer). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. QuiSclater 
Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, m. <$ ad.; n.
ana {WMtely). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. GuiSclater 
Coll. 
$ ad. sk.
o. cj1 ad. sk. 
ana ( WMtely). 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
p,q. 6 2 ad. sk.
r. 9 ad. sk.
(WMtely). 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana{WMtely). 
MerumS Mts., Brit. Guiana 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s, t. <$ 9. ad. sk.
{WMtely). 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u. <$ ad.; v, w.
(WMtely). 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
5 ad.sk.
w. Ad.sk. 
{WMtely). 
Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

12. Dendrornis polysticta. (Plate X.) 
Dendrornis polysticta, Salv, et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 210; Salvin, Ibis, 
1885, p. 422 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above brown, head blackish; head, neck, and upper back marked 
with narrow elongated shaft-spots of pale fulvous white edged with 

136 

DENDK0C0LAPTID2E. 

black; outer edgings of wings, lower back, and tail ferruginous: 
beneath brown, throat fulvous white ; neck, breast, and upper belly 
distinctly spotted with broad shaft-spots of pale fulvous white, 
which are margined with black; under wing-coverts cinnamomeous: 
whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4, tail 3*8. Female similar. 

Ilab. British Guiana. 

This species is nearest to D. ixirdalotus, but distinguished by the 
whiter throat and much more distinct spotting of the breast and 

upper belly. 
a, b. $ ad. ^k. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
(Whitely). (Types of the species.) 
Cj d. § ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

13. Dendrornis ocellata. 
Dendrocolaptes oceUatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 88. 
Dendrocolaptes guttatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. t. 91. fig. 1 (?). 
Dendrornis ocellata, Fyto?i, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 28; Pek. Orn. 


Bras. p. 45; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 978 (U. Amazons), 
1873, pp. 185, 271 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl p. 68; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 529 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 179. 

Dendrornis 
weddellii, Ues Murs, Toy. Casteln., Ois. p. 46, t. xiv. 
fig. 2. 
Dendrornis palliata, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 164; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1866, p. 184 (Upp. Amazons). 
Dendrocolaptes chunchotambo, Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 241, t. xxii. fig. 1 
(cf. Scl. P.Z.S. 1871, p. 86). 
Dendrornis chuncotambo, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 529 (C. Peru), et 
18S2, p. 27 (N.E. Peru). 

Above brown; head, neck, and upper back with long narrow 
shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; outer secondaries, rump, and tail 
ferruginous: beneath paler; breast more or less thickly covered 
with rounded shaft-spots of pale fulvous, which are definitely 
margined with black, these spots becoming longer and narrower on 
the upper belly; throat more or less pure fulvous; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; bill 
pale plumbeous white: whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 3*3. 
Female similar. 

Hab, Amazonia. 

This species is closely allied to D. pardctlotus, but may be distinguished 
by the rounded spotting of the breast, and, usually, pale 
plumbeous bill. In I), parclalotus these spots have the character 
of longitudinal striations. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Marabitanas, Eio Negro (Nat- Sclater Coll. 
terer). 
b. Ad. sk. Xeberos, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Yurimaguas, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
d. Ad. sk. R. Iluallaga, Peru (Hauxiuell). Sclater Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f,g. Ad. sk. Ckyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
39 . DENDBOBNIS. 
h, i-6 ad.; j. $ YquLtos, E. Pom (WMtely). Salvm-Gudman Coll, 
ad.; k Ad. sk. 
l9 m. <S ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru ( Whvtely), Sclater Coll. 

n. Ad. sk. Oosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
o. (S ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
p, q. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r, *. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater ('oil. 
t, u, v. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Goduian Coll. 
14. Dendrornis elegans. 
Dendrornis elegans, Pelz. Qm, Bras. p. 45; ScL et Salv. Nomenel 
p. G8; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 271 (E. Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 27 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 178. 
Similar to D. ocellata, but with the spots above converted into 
more or less rounded occllations, with terminal black margins, and 
carried down to the rump; bill always pale plumbeous white. 

Hah. Matto Grosso, Brazil. 

I am very doubtful about this species being distinct from D. ocellata. 
The typical specimen of batterer may be distinguished in 
manner above mentioned, but several of tho Amazonian specimens 
referred to D. ocellata are clearly intermediate. 

a. 
(S ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Matto Grosso Sclater Coll. 
(Natterer). (Authentic specimen.) 
p. o». 
"Dendrornis ocellata (Spit);1 8c!. et Salv. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 575 
(err.). 

Above brown, head darker; head, neck, and upper back covered 
with light fulvous shaft-spots margined with black, considerably 
larger in size on tho back; apical half of wings, rump, and tail 
clear ferruginous brown: beneath paler, throat pale fulvous, fore 
neck and breast covered with rounded shaft-spots of pale fulvous 
margined with blackish; these spots on the belly and crissum 
gradually passing into striations; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins oi wing-feathers cinnamomeous: whole length 8 inches, 
wing 4*1, tail 3-5. 

IJab. Lower Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sir. 
Paia, Biazil [Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. 
Para, Brazil (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
DENDEOCOLAPTIDJL 

138 

16. Dendrornis multignttata. 
Nasica multigutttftus, Lafr. JRev. Zool, 1850, p. 417. 

Dendrornis multiguttata, Des Murs, Voy. Casteln., Ois. p. 44, pi. 12. 

fig. 15 Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 164; Scl. el Salv. Nomencl. p. 68 ; 

iid. P. Z. S 1878, p. 271 (E. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 180. 

Picolaptes notatus, JSyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p, W. 
Dendroplex similis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 46. 


Above brown, bead darker; head, neck, and upper back covered 

with shaft-stripes of pale fulvous margined with black; secondaries, 

edgings of wings, rump, and tail ferruginous red : beneath brown, 

throat fulvous ; rest of body beneath with elongated shaft-stripes of 

pale fulvous, which are wider and more numerous on the fore neck ; 

middle of throab nearly unspotted pale fulvous ; under wing-coverts 

and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill pale 

brown: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*2. 

Hah. Amazonia. 

This species comes near the last, but 
is more or less striated all 

over the lower surface, not ocellated on the breast. 

a. Ad, sk S. America. Eyton Coll. 
(Type of Picolaptes notatus.) 
b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. 
E. Bartlett [C.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Oyapock (?). 
Sclater Coll. 
e. J ad. sk. Borba, liio Madeira (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
{Dendroplex similis, Pelz.) 
/ . Ad. sk. Rio Napo (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Brazil (?). 
Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. at. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [C.]. 
40. 
DEffDKOPLEX. 
Type. 
Dendroplex, Sw. Zool Jour. iii. p. 354 (1827) D. picus. 
In the two closely allied species of Dendroplex the commissure 
and gonys are nearly perfectly straight, the bill being rather longer 
than the head, strong and pointed. Dendroplex occurs only south 
of the Isthmus of Panama. 

Key to the Bpecies. 

A. Fore neck with dark feather-margins 1. picus, p. 138. 
B. Fore neck clear white 
2. picirostris, p. 139. 
1. Dendroplex picus. 
Le Talapiot, Daub. PL Enl COS. 
Orioltis picus, Gm. S. JV. i. p. 384 • Lath. hid. Orn i. p. 188, 
Gracula picoi'des, Slum, Gen. Zool. vii. p 476. 


40 . DENDBOPLEX. 
139 

Dendrocolaptes picus, Lichl. Abk Akad. Bed. 1820, p. 203, el 1821, 

p. 205; id. Doubl. p. 16; Max. Ikitr. iii. p. 1184. 
Tropadore pico corto, Azara, Apunt ii. p. 281. 
Dendrocopus rectirostris, Vieill. Now. Vivt xxvi. p. 110; id. Mc. 
M/th. p. 020. 
Dendrocolaptes gnttatus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. ,313. 
Dendroplex picua, Bp. Consp. i. p. 207 ; Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1850, p. 505 ; 

(V>. in Scho?nb. Guian. iii. p. 090; Barm. Si/st, Veb. iii, p, 18; 
Cab. et IMn. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 37; Eijton, 'Contr. Orn. 1852, 
}). 24; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 105; #<•/. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 575 
(Lower Amazons); iia. Nomenel, p. 08; P'te. Ibis, hs73, p. 110; 
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 380 (Para); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 422 (Brit. 
Guiana). 

Le Grimpar talapiot, Levaill. Prom, p. 01), t. xxvii. 

Above ferruginous rod, upper back browner ; head blackish and 
covered with bmall shaft-spots of pale fulvous : beneath earthy 
brown, throat pale fulvous white ; fore neck and breast covered 
with rounded shaft-spots of pale fulvous white, which pass into 
striations on the belly ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill pale horny white : whole length 
8 inches, wing 3'9, tail 3-3. Female similar. 

Ilab. Lower Amazonia, Brazil, and Bolivia. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. S ad, sk. llio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
e,f. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
(/. Ad. sk. Pemauibiico, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll 

h. Ad. fik Brazil. 
Purchased. 
i. 
$ ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Amazons (Wallace). 
j. £ ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal~ Tweeddale Coll. 
lace). 

k. Ad. sk. Amazons (Hauxwell). Sclater Coll. 
1. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [0.]. 
2. Dendroplex picirostris. 
Dendrocolaptes picirostris, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1847, p. 70. 

Dendroplex picirostris, Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1850, p. 500; J)es Murs, le. 
Orn. pi, li.; Bp. Consp. i. p. 207; Hi/ton, Cantr. Orn. 1852, p. 24 ; 
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 105; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. Ib08, pp. 107, 027 
(Venezuela) ; %id. Nomenel. p. 08; Wi/att, Ibis, 187J, pp. 115,331 
(Colombia); Sale, et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 171 (Sta. Maria). 

Similar to D. jnass, but throat and fore neck nearly pure unspotted 
white. 
Hub. Colombia and Venezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Cumana, Venezuela (Dyson). Eyton Coll. 
140 DENDEOCOL APTID2E. 
/ . S ad. sk.
g. S ad. sk. 
San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). 
Nueva Andalusia, Venezuela{Goering). 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

41. DENDREXETASTES. Type 
Dendrexetastes, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 76 D. temmincki. 
Oladoscopus, Reichenb. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 102 (1853) D. temmincki. 


Bill of Dendrexetastes devillii. 

This curiously modified form of Dendrocolaptince, with, a short 
stout bill and the upper mandible slightly hooked, occurs in two 
phases in Cayenne and Amazonia. The gonys is quite straight, the 
commissure slightly incurved. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Belly with blackish cross bands 1. temmincki, p. 140. 
B. Belly uniform brown 2. devillii, p. 141. 
1. Dendrexetastes temmincki. 
Dendrocolaptes temminckii, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 145, t. iv.; 
Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 21. 
Dendrexetastes temmincki, Sclater, P. Z. S.1855, pp. 77,142 (Bogota); 

Set. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 68. 
Oladoscopus temmincki, Reichb. Handb. p. 192. 
Dendrexetastes capitoides, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 76, et 1852, 

p. 25. 
Above brown; wings, rump, and tail ferruginous brown; a few 
narrow shaft-stripes on the interscapulium white: beneath brown; 
breast marked with large and conspicuous white shaft-stripes 
which are slightly margined with black; belly crossed by narrow 
blackish cross-bands; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers rich cinnamomeous ; bill pale plumbeous white: whole 
length 9 inches, wing 4*2, tail 4*5. 

Hab. Cayenne. 

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
* 


42 . HYLEXETASTES. 14 1 
2. Dendrexetastes devillii. 
Dendrocolaptes devillei, Lafr. R. Z. 1850, p. 102; Des Murs, Voy. 

Casteln., Ois. p. 42, t. xiii. fig. 1; Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22. 
Cladoscopus devillei, Reiohenb. Ilandb.^. 192. 
Dendrexetastes devillei, Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 175. 

Above brown; wings, rump, and tail ferruginous; head and 
upper neck with a few pale narrow shaft-stripes, obsolete in some 
specimens : beneath pale brown; throat and fore nock lighter, and 
marked more or less with pale fulvous shaft-spots, which are slightly 
margined with black; bill pale horn-colour: whole length 9 inchos, 
wing 4-2, tail 4*4. Female similar. 

Hab. Upper Amazonia. 

Similar to D. temmincJci, but with the throat-spots smaller and 
narrower, and the belly uniform brown without any indications of 
cross-bands. 

a. J ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons ( WhitehJ). Sclater Coll. 
b. J ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. § acl.sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons (Ilauxwell). Sarvin-Godman Coll. 
42. HYLEXETASTES. 
Type. 
Hylexetastes, Scl. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 34 H. perroti. 
This monotype from Cayenne connects Dendrexetastes with Xipho


colaptes. The bill is thick as in the former genus, but longer and 
stouter at the base; the tip is not so much hooked. But this organ 
is not nearly so long, slender, and incurved as in Xiphocohjrtes. 
The gonys is nearly straight, the commissure slightly incurved. 

Bill of Hylexetastes perroti. 

1. Hylexetastes perroti. 
Dendrocolaptes perrotii, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 80, et 1850, p. 101; 
id. Mag. d. Zool. 1844, Ois. pi. liv.; Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22 ; 
Scl, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142 (Bogota). 

Dendrocincla perroti, Bp. Consp. i. p. 209. 
Xiphocolaptes perrotii, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 164. 
Dendrexetastes perrotti, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 68. 
Hylexetastes perroti, Scl. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 34. 

DEKDB0C0LAPTID2E. 

Brown : wings, rump, and tail ferruginous red : beneath paler; 
throat whitish; bill reddish: whole length 10-8 inches, wing 5-3, 

tail 4-6. 
Jlab. Cayenne. 
a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Eyton Coll. 

43. XIPHOCOLAPTES* 
Type. 
Xiphocolaptes, Lesson, Bev. ZooL 1840; p. 269 X. albicollis. 
This gmus embraces the largest and strongest members of the 

subfamily. The species are at once recognizable by their great 
size, long, strong, compressed bill, with the gonys slightly incurved, 
the commissure much so, and the tip acute. They are spread over 
the wooded districts of the Neotropical Eegion from Southern 
Mexico to Paraguay, but, except in the case of X major, the representative 
species are very imperfectly differentiated, and there is 
much individual variation. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Above brown j rump rusty red. 
a. Belly with blackish cross bars. 
j Cross bars very distinct 1. albicollis, p. 142. 
j Cross bars less distinct 2. sclateri, p. 143. 
b. Belly with blackish spots S. promerojrirliynchus, 
[p. 144. 
c. Belly uniform 4. emigrans, p. 145. 
B, Above nearly uniform ferruginous 5. major, p. 145. 
1. Xiphocolaptes albicollis. 
Dendrocopus 
albicollis, Vieill. Koui\ Diet. xxvi. p. 117 (1818); id. 
Enc. Meth, p. 625. 
Dendrocolaptes decumanua, Licht. Abh. Ahad. Berl. 1821, p. 250, 
pi. i. fig. 1, et 1821, p."2(J3 ; id. Doubl. p. 10; 8pix, Ai\ Bras. i. 

p. 86, pi. lxxxvii. j Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 10; Less, Bev. ZooL 
1840; p. 269. 
Dendrocolaptes guttatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1120. 
Dendrocolaptes albicollis, Bp. Consp. p. 207; Lafr. Rev. ZooL 1850, 

p. 98 j Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22. 
* Refer also to :— 
1. X.foriis, Heine f., J. f. O. 1800, p. 185 (loc. ign.). 
2. X crassirosfris, Taoz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 113 (W. Peru). 
3. X. dmpliciceps (Lafr.), Rev. et Mag. ZooL 1850, p. 100 (Bolivia). 
4. X viryatus, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. N. M. xii. p. 11 (loc. ign.). 
5. X ignotus, Ridgw. op. cit. p. 13 (loc. ign.). 
6. X saturatus, Ridgw, op. cit. p. 14 (Ecuador). 
7. X cmnamomeus, Ridgw. op. cit. p. 15 (E. Brazil). 
143 

43. XIMIOCOLAPM. 
Xiphocolaptes albicollis, Cub. et JFehh Mm. llein. ii. p. 30; AW, £V. 
A, 1$. p. 103; AV'/, tf AW*>. JiV. Owi. p. 72; /eV/, Nomencl, p. 08; 
Hamilton, Ibis, L87i, p. 301 (Brazil); /for/. ,7! /". 0. 187.% p. 253 

(S. Brazil), et 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay); (J7«Vfr, 7*. #. & 1882, 
p. (313 (rep, Arg\); $d. et Iluds. An/, &m. I p. 200; llitlgw. Br. 
27. 8. A7". 31 xii. p. 3. 
Le Grand Grimpar, LemlL Prom. p. 00, t. xxv. 
Dendrocolaptes cyanotifl, LichU Abh. Ah Bert. 1820, p. 201, et 1821, 
p. 204; Bp. Camp, i. p. 200(?j. 
Dendrocolaptes falcirostris, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 80, pi. lxxxviii. (r*). 
Above brown; head blackish, with long shaft-stripes of palo 
fulvous, which are much narrowed on the neck ; lores, supercil Juries, 
and ear-coverts whitish; rump, outer secondaries, and tail ferruginous 
: beneath rather paler; throat and hides of head whitish; 
neck and breast sparingly marked with palo fulvous shaft-stripes ; 
middle of belly, erissum, and under wing-coverts traversed by numerous 
black bars; under surface of wings cinnamomeoub; bill black: 
whole length 12 inches, wing 5*4, tail 4*8. Femah similar. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and Northern Argentina. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Lord Stuart de 
b, c. Ad. st.
d. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Brazil.
liotlichay [P.]. 
M. Glaussen [P.J. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk.
g. (S ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil {Wucherer). 
Eio Claro,
Brazil (Joyner). 
Pelotas, Kio 
Prov. Goyaz,
Grande do S 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ul, Salvin-Godman OolL 
L Ad. sk.
Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk. 
Brazil, 
Brazil. 
Eyton Coll. 
Purchased. 
I, m, n. Ad. sk. Brazil, Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk, Paraguay. Uiocour Coll. 

2. Xiphocolaptes sclateri 
Xiphocolaptes albicollis, Sol. P. X. S. 1857, p. 202 (Jalapa). 
Xiphocolaptes emigrans, Scl. Ibis, 1830, p. 118; Sttmiehrast, Mem. 
Bost. Soc. i. p. 554 (Vera Cruz). 
Xiphocolaptes sclateri, liidgw. Pr. V. S, 2V. M. xii. p. 6. 

Similar to X albicollis but larger, with longer bill, narrower 

streaks on cap and hind neck, and less distinct on abdomen. 
Hab. S. Mexico. 
In the absence of a full series I follow Mr. llidgway in recognizing 

this Mexican form as distinct. But 1 must say that some of the 
specimens of X mnigrans from Vera Paz come very near to it. 

a. Ad. sk. La Parada, S. Mexico (liebouch). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ jr. sk. Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fenochio). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
DENDEOCOLAPTIDiB. 

144 

3. Xiphocolaptes promeropirliyiicliiis. 
Dendrocolaptes promeropirlivnchus, Less. JRev. Zool. 1840, p. 270; 
Lafr. liev. Zool 1830, p. 99 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1835, p. 142 (Bogota) ; 
Ifr/to, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 21. 

Xipliocolaptes promeropirlivnchus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 30 ; 
Scl. P. ^. A 1859, p. 140"(Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 103; Scl. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1808, p. 107, et 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela),^ 1879, 

p. 523 (Antioquia), p. 022 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl p. 08 ; iid. Ex. 
Orn. p. 72; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 2;J1 (N. Peru) ; Berl. et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. Ill; Riclgto. Pr. U. S. N M. xii. p. 10. 
Dendrocolaptes lineatocephalus, Gray et Mitch, Gen. Birds, pi. xliii.; 
Eyton, Contr. Ovn. 1852, p. 22. 
Xipliocolaptes procerus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 30; 8cl. Cat, 

A. B. p. 103; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 08. 
Xiphocolaptes 
compressirostris, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 28 (N.E. 
Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 172; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, 
pp. 98, 114 (?). 

Above brown; head and neck covered with long and narrow 
shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; external edgings of wing-feathers, 
rump, and tail ferruginous: beneath brown; throat whitish ; shaft-
stripes on neck, breast, and belly pale fulvous ; middle of belly, 
crissum, and under wing-coverts more or less distinctly spotted with 
black; under surface of wings ferruginous; bill pale plumbeous : 
whole length 12 inches, wing b*b, tail 4*4. Female similar. 

Hab. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 
The pale bill, the much narrower shaft-stripes above, and the 
black spots (not bands) on the belly distinguish this species from 

X. albkollis. After re-comparing the whole series before me (from 
Venezuela to Bolivia), I am unable to agree with Mr. Ridgway's 
recent views on this species (Z. s. c). I find much individual variation, 
even the characteristic black belly-spots being nearly deficient 
in some individuals. 
In the Bolivian form (D. lineatocephalus), I admit, the head-stripes 
are usually narrower; but some of the skins from Ecuador and 
Colombia are hardly separable on this score. 

a. Ad. st.
h. $ ad. sk.
c. (S ad. sk. 
Venezuela. 
Caripe, Venezuela (Goering). 
Merida, Venezuela {Goering). 
D. Dyson [C.J. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. S ad. sk.
e,f, g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n} o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk. 
Merida, Venezuela (Goering). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Vicinity of Medellin, Antioquia, 
U.S. C. (Salmon). 
Santa Elena, Antioquia. 
Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. 0. 
(Salmon). 
Chiquinda, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
T. K Salmon [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

43 . XIPHOCOLAPTES. 
145 
r, s. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- flalviii-Oodman Coll. 

ley), 
t. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (BuckSriator 
Coll. 
ley), 
v. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 

(Type of AT. HneatocephatifS.) 

4. Xipliocolaptes emigrans. 
Xiphocolaptes albicollis, Scl. P.Z. S 1857, p. 202; id. Cat A. 11. 
p. 108. 
Xipliocolaptes emigrant, Scl et Salr. Ibis, IS59, p. 118; iid. Nomencl. 
p. 68 (part.); »>/. i*r. Or/;, p. 09, pi. x\xv.; Cab, H Jlein. Mm. 
Hem. ii. p. 30; Midyw. Pr. (J. S. A". M. xii. p. 8. 
Xipliocolaptes emigrant cosiaricensis, Midyw. Pr. lT. S. X. M. xi. 

p. 541, et xii. p. 8. 
Above brown, bead dai'kor: head and neck marked with very 
narrow shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; outer edgings of wing-feat hers, 
rump, and tail ferruginous: beneath brown, with pale fulvous shaft-
stripes more or less developed on the neck, breast, and belly ; throat 
whitish; under wing-coverts fulvous, with black spots; under 
surface of wings cinnamomeous; bill plumbeous white: whole 
length 12 inches, wing 5-5, tail 4*5. Female similar. 

Hob. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Costa Eiea. 

This Central-American form is closely allied to X. promeropirhynclius, 
but may, I think, be generally distinguished by its lighter 
surface and the less amount of markings beneath, and by the absence 
or very faint indications of the black spots on the belly. 

a. Ad. sk. British Honduras (Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll 
b. Ad. sk. Cahaboiiy Vera Pa« (Sary). ftalviii-Goelm&n Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. San Geronimo, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Goditfan Coll. 
(Type of the species.)' 
d. 
J ad. sk. Pine-ridge of Poctuin, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salvin). 
e. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sdater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Costa Eica. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
%<j. Ad. sk. 8. America (?). E\ton Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. S. America (?)* 
Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Venezuela(?). 
Dyson [0.]. 
5. Xiphocolaptes iftajoi\ 
Trepadore grande, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 277. 
Dendrocopus major, Vieill. Nouo. Diet. xxvi. p. 118; id. Enc. MUh. 


p. 025 (ex Azara). 
Dendrocolaptes major, Bp. Consp. i. p. 207; Lafr. Mev. Zool. 1850, 
p. 103 ; Eytan, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22. 
Xiphocolaptes major, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 104; Scl et Salv. Rommel. 
p. 68 ; iid. Ex/Om. p. 71, pi. xxxvi.; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 622 
(Bolivia); White, P. Z. S, 1882, p. 013 (rep. Arg.); Dumford, 
Ibis, 1880, p. 359 (rep. Arg.); Bert. J. f. O. 1887, pp. 15, 119 
(Paraguay); Midyw. Pr. U. S. N. M. xii. p. 10; Scl. et Ends. Arg. 
Om. i. p/201. 
VOL. XV. 
I" 

1 4 f> DENDROOOL VPTIDJG. 

Dendrocolaptes rubiginosus, Lafr. Mag. de Zool 1833, Ois. pi. 16. 
Dendrocolaptes cyanotis, Burnt. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 11. 
Xiphocolaptes major castanens, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. K. M. xii. p. 17. 

Above nearly uniform rusty red, rather duller on the head and 
with some indications of light shaft-stripes: beneath similar; throat 
dull brown; breast with narrow shaft-stripes of pale fulvous ; belly 
with black cross bands more or less developed"; bill pale horneolour: 
whole length 11*10 inches, wing 5*5, tail 4. Female similar. 

Hab. Northern Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. 

This is quite a distinct species, at once recognizable by its nearly 
uniform rusty red plumage. In some Bolivian specimens (X. major 
castaneus, Ridgw.) the black spots on the belly are nearly or quite 
obsolete. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. 
I. $ ad. sL Bolivia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Eyton Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. II. Durnford [0.]. 
44. PICOLAPTES*. 
Type. 
Picolaptes, Lesson, Tr. d'Orn. p. 313 (1831) P. tenuirostris. 
Lepidocolaptes, Reichenb. Hanoi), d. sp. Orn. p. 183 

(1853) P. squamatus. 
DacryophoriiSj Bp. Ann. So. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. i. p. 133 
(1854) P. lacrymiger. 
Thripobrotus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pi i. p. 339. P. tenuirostris. 

Of this very difficult group of the Bendrocolapthiw I am able to 
recognize seventeen species, which are distributed over the Neotropical 
llegion from Mexico to Paraguaj*. Picolaptes is characterized 
by its slender incurved bill, which is about as long or not much 
longer than the head. The culmen, commissure, and gonys are all 
slightly incurved. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Without distinct white superciliaries. 
a. Cap striped or spotted. 
a'. Bivast-stripes very broad, clear white 
like thruit. 
a". Larger: back olive-brown 1. leaeogaster, p. 147. 
b". Smaller: back crmiarnomeoiis brown. 

i Head-stripes rounded 2. sqnamatm, p. 147. 
j Head-stripes elongated 3. faleinellus, p. 148. 
b'. Breast-stripes narrow, whitish or fulvous. 
e". Head spotted; back uniform, or very 
thinly striped. 
a'". Larger: wing 4*0. 
«*. Back of neck not striped 4. lacrymiger, p. 148. 

* Refer also to:— 
(1) Picolaptes Iweatieeps, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 3850, p. 277 (loc. ign.). 
(2) P. ohfectu*, Allen, Bull. A. M. N. IT. ii. p. 1)4 (lo<\ ign.). 
44 . PICOLAPTES. 
147 

&l 

. Back of neck slightly striped. 
a'. Breast-stripes very narrow .. 5. tvarcewiezi, p. 1411 
¥. Breast-stripes rather wide. 


I Bill normal (I qffinis, p. 149. 
| Bill very short 7. parmrostris, p. J 50. 

?/". Smaller: wing 3*5 , 8. pmietieep^ p. 151. 
<t". Head spotted; back densely striped. 0. tcmarostris, p. 151. 
<e". Flead striped. 

<*<". Stripes of head extended over neck. 
j Ilead-stripes very narrow ... . 10. dholine&tm, p. 1/52. 
\ Ilead-stripes broader 11. $oukyeti7 p. 152. 

4'". Stripes of head extended on to 

mid-back. 
C Breast-stripes wider; bill longer, 12. cmnpmssm,^, 15*?. 
< Breast-stripes narrower ; bill 
(^ shorter . 13. gracilis^ p. 154. 

h. Cap uniform brown. 
j Larger: breast-stripes Earrower 14. fuscicapilhts, p. 154. 
^j Smaller: breast-stripes wider 15. layardi, p. 155. 
B. 
With distinct superciliaries. 
j Breast flammulated 16. angustirostris, p. 155, 
j Breast uniform 17. bivittatus, p. 155. 
1. Picolaptes lencogaster. 
Xiphorlrynchus leucogaster, Sw. Phil. Mar/. 1827, i. p. 440. 

Picolaptes leucogaster, Lafr. Mev. Zo&l 1850, p. 150; Scl. P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 297 (S. Mexico); id. Cat. A. B, p. 166; ScLet Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 68. 

Thripobrotus leucogaster, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 37. 
Picolaptes atripes, JEytm, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 76, et 1852, p. 22. 

Above olive-brown; bead darker, covered with pale fulvous 
shaft-spots, which are margined with black; edgings of wing-
feathers, rump, and tail ferruginous: beneath, throat white; breast 
and belly covered with broad white shaft-stripes, which are edged 
with blackish, and are not so well developed on the lower belly, 
flanks, and erissum; under wing-coverts and inner margins of 
wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill horn-colour 5 feet black : whole 
length 9 inches, wing 4-8, tail 4*2. Female similar. 


Eab. Southern Mexico. 

a. Ad. st Mexico (?). 
Purchased. 
k. Ad. sk. Near city of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Parada, 'Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
Ad. sk. Oiudad Durango, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Forrer). 
e. Ad. sk. Mexico {MUX Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
2. Picolaptes squamatus. 
Dendrocolaptes 
squamatus, Lithl. Abh. Ahad. Berl. 1820, p. 258, 
pi. ii. fig. 1, et 1821, p. 265; id. Doubl. p. 17. 
Dendrocolaptes wagleri, Spiv, A v. Bras. i. p. 88, pi. 90.fig. 2. 
L 2 

IWNPROOOLAPTIDJra. 

Xiphorhynchus maculiventer, Less. Suppl. a Buff, p. 288. 
Picolaptes squamatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 148; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 208; Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 166 ; 
Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. 68. 
Thripobrotus squamatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Jlein. ii. p. 37. 
Picolaptes wagleri, Lafr. R. Z. 1850; p. 149. 

Above cinnamomeous brown; head dusky, with rather faint 
shaft-spots of pale fulvous; rump and tail ferruginous: beneath, 
throat white; abdomen densely covered with large ^hite shaft-
spots, which are margined with blackish ; flanks and crissum more 
dusky; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
cinnamomeous; bill pale horn-colour; feet brown: whole length 
7*8 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hah. 8.E. Brazil. 

This species has a general resemblance to P. leucogaster, but is 
distinguished by its smaller size, cinnamomeous back, and the much 
less defined spots on the head. 

a, Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. Picolaptes falcinellus. 
Tlrripobrotus falcinellus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 88. 
Similar to P. squamatus, but the shaft-spots on the head strongly 
defined and carried down over the nape and neck, where they 
become longer and form striations. 

Bab. Southern Brazil. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil {Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
4. Picolaptes lacrymiger. 
T)endrocolaptes lacrymiger, Des Murs, Ic. Orn. pi. 70. 
Picolaptes lacrymiger, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 154; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 208; Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142 
(Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. ICG; Scl et Salv. Nomench p. 68; 
ttd. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 78 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 524 (Antioquia) ; 
Wyattj Ibis7 1871, p. 331 (Colombia) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 
1880, p. 171 (Sta. Malta); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 98 
(Ecuador)? 

Thripobrotus lacrymiger, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 38. 
Thripobrotus lafresnayi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hei?i. ii. p. 38 (Venezuela). 
Picolaptes lafresnayi, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 18G8, p. G27. 

Above brown; head darker, with indistinct fulvous shaft-spots; 
outer edges of wing-feathers, upper tail-coverts, and tail ferruginous: 
beneath browa, covered with distinct elongated oval shaft-spots of 

44 . P1C0UPTES, 
clear fulvous white, which arc definitely bordered with black; throat 
fulvous white; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-
feathers cinnamomooua ; wing-end blackish; bill pale horn-colour: 
whole length 8*2 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hah. Colombia and Venezuela. 

The rounded form of the semi-obsoleto head-spots and the narrow 
shape of the clear shaft-spots ben oath distinguish this species. 

a. (S ad. sir. San Sebastian,IT, S. C. (Simons). Snlviii-Godman Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Froutino, Antiotuiia, U. S. 0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
c. d. Ad. ak.
e. c? ad. sk. 
Froutino, Antioydn, F. S. 0. 
Sta. Elena, Antio^uia, U. S. C. 
T. K. Salmon [0.]. 
Salviu-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.
(/. Ad. sk.
k-j. Ad. sk.
k-m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
(Salmon), 
Sta. Elena, Antioquia, XT. S. 0.
(Salmon). 
Colombia (Salmon), 
Bogota. tfelalor 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Selator Coll. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Coll. 
Purchased. 
Saivm-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. st.
p. d ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk. 
Venezuela. 
Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela. * 
D. Dvson [ C.]. 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
Selater Coll. 

5. Picolaptes warcewiezi. 
Thripobrotus warcewiczi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80. 
Picolaptes warszewiczi, Tacz. Orn. P&\ ii. p. 173. 
Picolaptes lacrvmiger, Scl. P. Z. S. 18 59, p. 140, et 1800, p. 88 

(Ecuador); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 52t> (0. Peru), 1879, p. 232, 

et 1880, p. 201 (N. Peru). 
Picolaptes peruvianas, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 28 (N.E. Peru) ? 
Picolaptes lacrymiger warszewiezi. Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, 

p. 301 (W. Ecuador) Y 
Similar to P. laerymiger, but neck and upper back with light 
fulvous linear shaft-stripes; rump more ferruginous ; throat rather 
more white, and shaft-stripes beneath narrower. 

Hab. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

I am very doubtful about the distinctness of this southern form 
of P. lacrymiger, but have hardly materials before me sufficient for 
a decided conclusion. 

a. (S ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 
b. <j> ad. sk. Bolivia. Kclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
G. Picolaptes affinis. 
Dendrocolaptes affinis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 100. 
Picolaptes afliuis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 275; Fyton, Contr. Orn. 
187)2, p. 22; Scl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 289, 1859, pp. 305, 3*1, et 1804, 

p. 175 (S. Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 100; Scl et tiute. Ibis, 1859, 
D>Karj)ROCOJAFIIDJEJ, 

p. 117, et I860, p. 35 (Guatemala); iid. Nomencl. p. 68; Later. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. I860, 
p. 305 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 193 (Veragua) ; 
Midgut. P. TJ. & N. M. v. p. 497 (Costa Rica), et ix. p. 156 
(Mexico). 
Thripobrotus affinis, Cab. ei Kein. Mas. JETein. ii. p. 88. 

Above brown ; head spotted with pale fulvous shaft-spots edged 
with blackish; upper back with similar linear striatioBS; rump, 
outer margins of wing-feathers, and tail ferruginous: beneath 
brown, with numerous somewhat broacl but elongated shaft-spots of 
pale fulvous margined with black; throat pale fulvous; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; 
bill pale horn-colour: whole length 8*3 inches, wing 4, tail 2'5* 
Female similar. 

Hal. Southern Mexico arid Central America down to Veragua. 

This is a northern form of P. lacri/miger, distinguishable by the 
broader shape of the shaft-spots on the lower surface and their 
more fulvous tinge. 

a, b. Ad. sk,
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Jalapa, S. Mexico {de Occi). 
Jalapa, S. Mexico {de Oca). 
Santa Barbara, Vera Paz {SalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
f. $ ad.; g,
Ji. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
vin). 
Volcan de Fuego*, Guatemala{Salvin). 
Volcan de Agua, above San 
Diego {Salvin). 
San JobS, Costa Rica (CarmioT), 
San Francisco, Costa Kica 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclatei Coll. 
Salvin-G odman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk/. 9 ad. sk.
mf 7i. tf 2 ild.
sk.
o. Ad. sk.
{Rogers). 
Costa Rica {Rogers). 
Costa Rica {CarmioT). 
Southern slope of the Volcano 
of Chiiiqui {Arce). 
Veragua {Arce). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman CoIL 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.], 

7. Picolaptes parvirostris. 
Picolaptes parvirostris, Scl. P. Z. S.1889, p. 33. 
Above earthy brown, rump, wing-edgings, and tail bright ferruginous 
; head and neck behind down to middle of the back spotted 
with well-marked yellowish shaft-spots, which are siort and triangular 
on the head and long and thin on the neck; the shaft-spots 
on the head slightly margined with blackish: beneath earthy browii, 
densely spotted with elongated ochraceous shaft-spots, which are 
distinctly edged with blackish; flanks and crissum less marked; 
chin and middle of throat pale ochraceous, unspotted; bill very 
short, slightly incurved, pale brown; feet dark: whole length 
8 inches, wing 4, tail 3*8, bill from gape 0*9. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

The single specimen of this species is not unlike some examples 
of J\ affinis, but is at once distinguishable by its shortened and 

44 . IUCOLAPTKR. 
lol 
straightened bill. The broast-stripes also arc more rounded and not 
so much elongated. The upper back is spotted, as is also the ease 
in some examples of P. affinis. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil (?). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
(Typo of tile species.) 
8. Picolaptes puncticeps. 
Picolaptes pimcticeps, Set. et Sah\ JYomencl. pp. 69, 100 j tiaiv. Ibis 
1885, p. 422 (Br. Guiana). 

Above brown; head darker, regularly spotted with small pale fulvous 
shaft-spots; outer secondaries, rump, and tail ferruginous : beneath 
earthy brown; throat fulvous; neck, breast, belly, and crissum 
covered with long narrow shaft-stripes of pale fulvous white, which 
have black lateral margins ; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill horn-colour beneath, whitish 
at base; feet black : whole length 0-8 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3. 
Female similar. 

Hob. Guiana. 
The small size and minute round spots on the head at once distinguish 
this species. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. c. 9 ad. sk. 
Cayenne, 
Merume' Mts., Brit. Guiana 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
{WMtely). 

9. Picolaptes temiirostris. 
Dendrocolaptes 
tenuirostris, Lie/it. Abh. Alacl. Bert. 1820, p. 202, 
et 1821, p. 265 ; id. Doubt, p. 17 ; Enter, J. f. O. 1867, pp. 104, 

399. 
Dendrocolaptes fuscus, Vieill. Kouv. Did. xxvl p. 117 j id. Bne. M4th, 
p. 624 (?). 
Picolaptes guttata, Less Cent Zool p. 93, pi. 32. 
Picolaptes temiirostris, Zafr. Mev. Zool. 1850, p. 151; Dyion, Contr, 
Om. 1852, p. 22 • Set. 'Cat A. II p. 167; 8cL et 8atv. Komenel 

p. 69. 
Thripobrotus tenitirostris, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 38. 
Above brown; head and neck darker; head thickly covered with 
rounded shaft-spots of pale fulvous edged with black; upper back 
with similar shaft-si ripes rather clearer in colour; edgings of outer 
secondaries, rump, and tail ferruginous: beneath brown, densely 
covered with rather broadened shaft-stripes of pale fulvous which 
have darker lateral margins; throat uniform pale fulvous; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; 
bill horn-colour, yellowish beneath : whole length 7*2 inches, wing 
3*1, tail 28. Female similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 
The rounded spots on the head of this species are developed into 
long shaft-stripes on the inteiscapulium. Besides this the spotting 

DEXDROCOLAPIiaaS. 

152 

of the inferior surface is not nearly so definite as in the foregoing 
species. 
a, h. Ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Sah in-Godman Coll. 

c. 
c? ad. j (I Ad, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Sah in-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
e. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lu Skeleton. S.E.Brazil. E} ton Coll. 
10. Picolaptes alboliaeatus. 
P. Z & 1808, p. 1(57 (Venezuela), et^879,'p-5^4 (Antioquia) ; iid. 
Nomencl, p. 68; Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 422 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above brown; head and neck darker and covered with veiy 

narrow long shaft-stripes of pale fulvous ; outer secondaries, rump, 

and tail ferruginous: beneath earthy biown with a grejish tinge, 

and covered with long shaft stripes of very pale fulvous which have 

black lateral margins : throat nearly uniform fulvous; under vving


coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers cinnamomeous : bill pale 

horn-colour: whole length 7*2 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2*8. Female 

similar. 

Hah, Venezuela, Colombia, and Guiana, 

The very narrow linear shait-stripes on the head and neck above 

are the distinguishing features of this species. Some years ago I 

compared one of my specimens with the tjpe in the Paris Museum. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 


e. $ ad, sk. Santa Elena, V.&.C. {Salmon}. Sah in-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. It<-medios, Antioquia, TJ.S.C. Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon), 

y. 
cfad.sk* Carupano,Venezuela (Goeriug). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Oompaied with type.) 
h. £ ad. sk. Venezuela (Goer hig). Sclater Coll. 
i,j. 
J ad.; k. § Eoraima, British Guiana Sah in-Godman Coll. 
ad.sk. (Wltitelyl 

11. Picolaptes souleyeti. 
Dendrocolaptes souleyetii, Des Murs, 1c. Orn. pi. 69. 
Picolaptes souleyetii, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1830, i, p. 270; Bp. Consp. 

p. 208; JEyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22; Sclater, B.Z.S. I860, 
p. 
293 (Ecuador); id. Cat. J. B. p. 100; Scl. et Sah\ JS'omenec. 
p. 69; Tavz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 323 (Peru); id. Orn. Ber. ii. p. 174 ; 
Sah. B. Z.S. J8b3, p. 424 (Peru) ; Berl. et Tac*. B.Z. S. 1883, 
p. 563 (W. Ecuador), et 1885, p. 98 (Ecuador). 
Tlnipobrotus souleyeti, Cad. et Hein. 3ius. Hein. ii. p. 37. 
Above reddish brown ; head darker and covered with long shaft-
stripes of pale fulvous, which are continued over the nape and neck ; 

44 . PICOTAPTES. 
ir>;* 
wings, rump, and tail ferruginous : beneath reddish brown, covered 
with long and rather broad shaft-stripes of pale fulvous while ; 
throat pure pale fulvous while; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill palo horn-colour: 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3-3. Funale similar. 

Bab. Western Ecuador and Western Peru. 

This species agrees with the preceding in having the head-stripes 
carried down over the nape and neck; but these stripes arc much 
broader in the present bird, and the general colour of the body 
beneath is much more rufescent. 

a. J ad.sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Relator Coll. 
b. ($ ad. sk.
<: J ad. bk.
d. $ ad. sk. 
Bababoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Bababoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). 
San Pedro, Northern Peru 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sal \in~G oilman Coll. 
e. Ad.sk.
(Otion). 
Pajta, Pom (Markham). Sal\h>Goilman Coll. 

12. Picolaptes compressus. 
Picolaptes lineaticeps, Scl. P. Z. S. 18(50, p. 252 (S. Mexico); id. Cat. 

A B. p. 1(50; Salv. Ibis, 1801, p. 353 (Guatemala); Lawr. Ann. 

Lye. N. T. ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica). 
Tbripobrotus compresyus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 243. 

Picolaptes compressus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica); 
Sal v. Ibis, 1869, p. 314; id. P. Z. ti. 1870, p. 193 (Veragua) ; 
Frantz. J.f O. 1809, p. 305 (Costa Rica) ; Howard, P. Z. & 1878, 

p. 00 (Cobta Rica); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. & 1870, p. 837-(Brit. 
Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 08 ; Nutting, P. U. S. A. M. v. p. 397 
(Costa Rica). 
Above brown ; whole head and neck down to the middle of the 
back striped with loug shaft-stripes of pale fulvous white which 
have blackish lateral margins ; wing-feathers, rump, and tail ferruginous 
: beneath earthy brown with conspicuous broad shaft-stripes 
of pale fulvous white which are laterally margined with black ; 
throat pale fulvous; stripes on flanks and crissum not so definite; 
under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous 
; bill pale horn-colour: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*8, 
tail 3*4. Female similar. 

Hub. Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui. 

The extension of the shaft-stripes above over the upper half of 
the back is the distinguishing feature of this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
duras (Blancaneaux). 
c. Ad. sk. Honduras. 
I). Dyson [C.]. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Pine-ridge of Poctum, Vera Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Paz (Malvi?i). 
e. Ad. sk. Cliisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
f. 
J ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vera Paz (Salvin). 
g. 
Ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (6W- Sclater Coll. 
tin). 
DENDK0C0LAJPT1DJ2. 

h. 
Q ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Saivin-Godinan Coll. 
Diego (Salviti). 
i. Ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala, 0. Salvin [C.]. 
j. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll. 
%k. S acl sk- Baul, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.l 
m. 
Ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whiteh/). 
n. 
Ad.sk. Bebedero/Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Arci), 
o. 5 ad. sk. Bugaba, Ohiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Mina de Chorcha, Ohiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
13. Picolaptes gracilis. 
Picolaptes gracilis, Itidgio. Pr, U. S. N. M. xi. p. 542 (Costa Rica); 
Scl. Ibis, 1889, p. 353. 

Above brown ; head, neck, and upper back covered with long 
narrow shaft-stripes of pale fulvous white edged with black ; edges 
of wing-feathers, rump, and tail ferruginous, wing-ends blackish: 
beneath greyish brown, with conspicuous narrow whitish shaft-
stripes on the neck, breast, and belly, which become smaller and less 
definite on the flanks and lower belly; throat pale whitish, with 
slight blackish feather-margins on the lower part; under wing-
coverts cinnamomeous ; bill horn-colour, dark at the tip, whitish at 
the base of the lower mandible: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*5, 
tail 3-3. 

Hob. Costa Rica (Monte Redondo), 

Mr. Ridgway has kindly sent me for examination the type of 
this new species, and authorized me to take a description of it. It is 
quite distinct from any Picolaptes known to me, and easily recognizable 
by its small size, short bill, and dark greyish-brown breast, 
with conspicuous narrow shaft-spots of nearly pure white edged 
with black. The stripes of the head are continued down over the 
upper half of the back as in P. compressus, but the daiker colour 
and the striping beneath are quite different. 

14. Picolaptes fuscicapiUus. 
Picolaptes fuscicapiUus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 63 ; Scl. et Salo. Komencl. 
p. 69. 
Above brown; edgings of wing-feathers, rump, and tail ferruginous 
: beneath earthy brown, with long narrow white shaft-
stripes which are margined with black; throat white ; under wing-
coverts cinnamomeous; bill pale horn-colour: whole length 7*5 
inches, wing 3-8, tail 3*1. 

Hah. Matto Grosso, Brazil, and Ecuador. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Eng. do Garna, Matto Grosso, Sclater Coll. 
Brazil (Katterer). (Authentic specimen.) 
h. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
44. i> IOOLA.PT r,s.
15. Picolaptes layardi. 
Picolaptes layardi, Scl. Ibis, 1873, p. 3M> j Layard, Ibis, 187.% p. 386, 
pi. xiv. (Para)• #c/. et Sal v. Numeml. p. (59. 

Above biown, head rubber darker; edgings of wing-fcathors, 
rump, and tail ferruginous: beneath greyish, densely covered with 
broad white shaft-stripes which are edged with black; throat white ; 
under wing-coverts cinnamonieous; bill pale horn-colour; whole 
length 7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*8. 

Hub. Lower Amazonia. 

This species is closely allied to P. fumeapillus, but seems to 
differ in its small size and in the broader shape of the white shaft-
stripes beneath. 

a. 
§ ad. &k. Para (Layard). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
10. Picolaptes angustirostris. 
Trepadore eomun, Azara, Apwit. ii. p. 279. 
Dendrocopus angustirostris, Vieill. Nouv Diet, xxvi. p. 116; id.Ene. 
Meth. p. 624. 
Picolaptes angustirostiis, Bp. Camp. j. p. 208 j Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, 

p. 151 ; Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 22; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 167 ; 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 161 (rep. Arg.) ; iid. NomencL p. 69; 
White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 433 (rep. Arg.); Berl J. f. 0. 1887, 
pp. 15, 119 (Paraguay); Scl. et Iluds. Ary. O/n. i. p. 201. 
Le Grimpar maille*, Levcall. Prom. p. 73, t. xxix. fig*. 2 (?). 
Lepidocolaptes atripes, Barrows, Atck, 1884, p. 21. 

Above brown ; broad superciliaries white; head and neck blackish, 
with numerous pale fulvous shaft-spots; secondaries, rump, and 
tail ferruginous: beneath dirty white, the feathers obsoletcly margined 
with blackish; throat nearly pure white; under wing-
coverts cinnamomeous ; bill pale horn-colour : whole length 8 inches, 
wing 3*8, tail 2*9. Female similar. 

llab. Paraguay, Uruguay, Northern Argentina, and Bolivia. 

a. $ ad.skb, c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Uiuguay. 
Paysandn, Uruguay. 
Corrientes. 
Alan Peel [C.]. 
Alan Peel | C. |. 
Sclater Coll. 
e Q ad. sk. Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarea(White). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

hust). 
j, k. Ad. sk. Bolivia? (Bridges), Eyton Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Biidges [C.J. 


17. Picolaptes bivittatus. 
ulrocolaptes bivittatus. Licht, AM. Akacl Berl 1820, p. 258,pl.ii. 
or. 2, et 1821, p. 266; Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 87, pi. xc. tig. 1. 

Dead 

DENDROCOLAPIIDJE. 

Picolaptes bivittatus, Lafr. Ilev. Zool. 1850, p. 152; Eyton, Contr> 
Om. 1852, p. 22; Sal. Cat. A. B. p. 167 ; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl 

p. 69; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 623 (Bolivia). 
Picolaptes coronatus, Less, Tr. d'Oin, p. 314. 
Above chestnut-reel; bead blackish, wirh. very narrow shaft-
stripes of fulvous; broad superciliaries white; patch behind the 
eye black: beneath pale cinnamomeous ; throat white; erissum 
rufescent; bill pale whitish horn-colour: whole length 7 inches, 
wing 3*8, tail 3*1. Female similar. 

Hah. Southern Brazil. 
The Bolivian skins show the under surface dirty white without 
the cinnamomeous tinge, and may be different. 

a. Ad. sk. Baliia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. $ J ad. Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. {H. H. Smith). 
d, e,f. Ad. &k. S.E. Brazil. Sclater CoU. 
//. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. 8k. 
S.E Brazil. 
Bolivia. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
{J. Ad. si. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.]. 

45. 
NASICA. 
Type. 
Nasica, Lesson, Tr. cCOrn. p. 311 (1831) N. longirostris. 
The long, compressed, and but slightly incurved-bill at once 
distinguishes this rather conspicuous monotype of Guiana and 
Amazonia. 

1. Nasica longirostris. 
Le Grimpar Nasiean, Levaill. Prom. p. 65, pi. xxiv. 
Dendrocopus longiio^tris, Yieill. ISouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 117 ; id. JEnc. 
Meth. p. 025. 
Dendrof-olaptes longirostris, Liclit. Abh. Akad. Berl 1820, p. 200, et 

1821, p. 263. 
Nasica nasalis, Less, Tr. dVOm. p. 311. 
Nasica albicollis, Less, Suppl. a Buff. p. 280. 
Nasica longirostris, Bp. Consp. i'. p. 207; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, 

p. 383; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 103; Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; 
Sal. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 67; Barthtt, P. Z. S, 1882, p. 373 (Upp. 
Amazons); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 171. 
Above clear deep ferruginous ; head and neck behind dark brown, 
with narrow pale ochraceous shaft-stripes on the head, and broader 
white shaft-stripes on the neck; long superciliary stripe white: 
beneath, throat and neck clear white; abdomen wood-brown; 
breast and upper belly marked with large, broad, pointed, white 
shaft-spots, which are blightly margined with darker brown ; under 
wing-coverts clear ochraceous ; bill pale horn-colour; feet brown: 
whole length 13 inches, wing 5*3, tail 4*8. Female similar. 

ffab. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, and Eastern Ecuador. 

4(1. MiYMOltNrS. 1,17 
a. Ad. at.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. cfad.sk.
e. Jr. sk. 
Brazil (?). 
Cayenne. 
Bio Negro. 
Northern Brazil. 
Northern Bra/il (?). 
Purchased. 
Sclaler Poll. 
Sdaler Coll. 
Salvin-Oodinjin (1olL 
II. (J. Rothery, Esq. 
f. Ad.sk.
(/. Ad. sk.
hy L Ad. sk.
/. Ad.sk. 
Samiria, Upper Amazons (irtuwwell). 
Itio Napo, Ecuador (Janwwn). 
Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buvk/ey). 
Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Poll 
Javdine Poll. 
Salvin-Godinan Poll. 
Sclater Poll. 

40. 
DBYMOBNXS. 
Type. 
Drymornis, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23 1). bridges!. 
This form is allied to Nation, but readily distinguishable by its 
thinner aud more compressed bill, which is also much more incurved, 
and its longer tarsi. It appears to bo restricted to Uruguay and 
the northern, provinces of Argentina. 

1. Drymornis "bridgesi. 
Nasica bridgesii, 
Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 130, pi. xxxviii. 

(Bolivia F). 
Drymornis bridges!, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; Sri. et Salt. 
NomeneJ. p. (57 ; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 133 (rep. Arg.); White, P. Z. S. 
1882, p 013 (Catamarca); Barroios, Auk, 1884, p. 20(Entrerios) ; 
Set. et Huds. Art/. Orn. i. p. 199, pi. x. 

Dendrocolaptes (Nasica) gracilirostris, Burm. J. f. 0. 1800, p. 249 
(La Plata). 
Nasica gracilirostris, Burm. La Plata-Boise, ii, p. 400, 

Above brown, much tinged with ferruginous, especially on the 
nape and rump; superciliaries white; tail ferruginous: beneath, 
middle of throat and a stripe from the base of the lower jaw down 
each side of the neck white• abdomen greyish brown, completely 
covered down to the crissura with numerous broad shaft-stripes of 
more or less dirty white, which have distinct blackish lateral margins 
; under wing-coverts and internal margins of inner webs of 
secondaries ferruginous; bill dark horn-colour; feet blackish: 
whole length 12 inches, wing 5*5, tail 4*5. Female similar. 

Sab. Uruguay and Northern Argentina. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Paysantln, Uruguay. ^ Alan Peel f U.]. 

c. Ad. sk. Gualeguaychu, Entrerios {Lee). Sclater Poll. 
d. d 
a<l- sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Hep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(rr7«-v). 
ef% g ^ ad. Mendoza,Arg.Rep.(jrm^fl^). Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
g, h. cJ $ ad. Mendoza, Arg. Rep.( Weisshaupt), Purchased. 
sk. 
if. S 2ad.sk, Mendoza, Arg.Rep.(TFewatajrt)' Sal vin-Godman Coll. 
h 
Ad. sk. Bolivia (?) (Bridget). Eyton Poll. 
(Type of Nasica bridgesi) 

 DI5NDROCOMPTID:E. 

47. 
XIPHORHYNCHUS * ™ 
Type. 
Xiphorhynchus, 8io. Zool. Jouni. iii. p. 354 (1827) ... . X. procurvus. 
The peculiar structure of the bill, which is long, thin, and very 
much compressed and incurved, renders this group of the Dendrocolaptiace 
easily recognizable. The five species which I am able to 
recognize extend from Costa llica to Southern Brazil and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species, 

A. 
Bill longer, more abruptly incurved ; no 
white subocular spot. 
a. Bill dark horn-colour 
1. procurvus, p. 158. 
b. Bill reddish. 
\ Bill rather shorter 2. trochilirostris^ p. 159. 
I Bill rather longer 3. lafresaayanus, p. 160. 
c. Bill pale hazel 
4. pusfflus, p. 160. 
B. 
Bill shorter, not so abruptly incurved; a 
white subocular spot ." 5. pucJierani, p. 161. 
1. Xiphorhynchus procurvus. 
Dendrocolaptes procurvus, Temm. PL Col. 28 (1824). 

Xiphorhynchus procurvus, Sic. Class. Birds, ii. p. 314 ; Cab. et Hein. 
Mus. "Hein. ii. p. 39; JEyto?i, Contr. 0 n. 1852, p. 23 ; Sclater, 
Cat. A. B. p. 167; Scl. et JSalv. Nomencl. p. 69. 

Xiphorhynchus 
trockilirostris, Lafr. Bev. Zoo1. 1850, p. 374 (nee 
Licht.) ; Burm. Syst. TJeh. iii. p. 16. 

Above fulvous brown; head blackish, covered with clear elongated 
shaft-spots of pale fulvous, which extend more or less on to the 
nape; outer secondaries, upper tail-coverts, and tail ferruginous : 
beneath paler, throat pale fulvous; neck and breast more or less 
striated with narrow shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers ochraceous; bill dark 
horn-colour: whole length 10 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3*7. Female 
similar. 
Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

The synonymy of this species and Z", trocMlirostrh ha* been much 
confused. There seems to be no doubt that this is the bird called 

X. trochilirostris by Lafresnaye in his Monograph. 
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. xVd.sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Novo Fribourgo. Bio JaneirBrazil (Yvuds). 
Eio Janeiro, Brazil (Youds). 
Rio, Brazil.
o, Salvin-G-odnian Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. ^ Sclater Coll. 
/ , g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
*""" Purchased. 
Eyton Coll. 

* Eefer also to X. dorso-immaculaius, X. venezuelemis, and X. rufodorsalis 
Chapman, Bull. A. M. N. II. ii. pp. 155 et scqq. (1889). 

47 . XIPHOIUIYN01IU8. 
159 

2, Xiphorlrynclms trocliilirostris. 

Dendrocolaptes trocliilirostris, Licht. Abh. Afoul Bed. 1820, p. 207, 

t. iii., et 1821, p. 2(5;]. 
Xiphorhynchus 
trochiliro&tris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1140; Cab. in 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. (31)0; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 107; Scl et Satr. 

P. Z. S. 1807, p. o7o (L. Amazons), et 1871), p. 524 (Antioquia); 
iid. Nomenel p. 69 ; Sail). Ibis, 1885, p. 422 (Ihit. Guiana). 
Dendrocopus f alcularius, Vieill JEnc. Meth. p. (520 (1822) : id. Gal 
Ois. i. p. 280, pi. 175. 
Xipliorhyncliua procurvus, Lafr. lie v. Zool 1850, p. 375 (on*.). 
Xipliorliynclius lafresnayanus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. A. F. vii. p. S;92 

(Panama). 

Xiphorhynclms thoracicus, Scl P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 277,293 (Ecuador); 
id. Cat A. B. p. 107 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 323 (Peru); id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 181 ; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 503, et 1885, p. 99 
(Ecuador). 

Xiphorhynclms procurvus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. Ill (Rio Napo). 
Xiphorhynclms procurvoides, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1850, p. 376; Fi/ton, 

Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 167. 
Xipliorliynclius subprocurvns, Reichenb. llandb. p. 183. 
Xipliorliynclius grenadensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 63 (Bogota). 

Above fulvous brown, head darker; head, neck, and upper back 
marked with distinct shaft-stripes of pale fulvous, which are more or 
less distinctly margined with blackish; wings, rump, and tail 
ferruginous: beneath paler, throat pale fulvous; neck, breast, and 
belly covered more or less with pale fulvous shaft-stripes, which in 
some specimens have blackish margins; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of wing-feathers ochraceous; bill clear reddish 
brown : whole length 10 inches, wing 4, tail 3*6. Female similar. 

Eab. South America from Panama down to S.E. Brazil. 

After examining a large series of specimeus of the red-billed 
Xiphorhynclms from various localities, I find so much individual 
variation that it seems impossible to separate the local forms satisfactorily. 


a. Ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Istlim. of Salvin-Godnuiu Coll. 
Panama {McLeamian). 
b. 
o* ad. sk. Babalioyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. / Types of 
\ X. tho-
c. 
<$ ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. ] raciem. 
d. Ad. sk. Guyaquil, Ecuador. G-. Baiclay, Esq. [C.]. 
eff. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g) h Ad.sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 

i. 
Ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia. 1. K. Salmon [C.]. 
j. 
$ ad. sk. Remedies, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godmon Coll. 
mon). 
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
I, m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Eytoii Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
Ad. st. 

r. $ ad.sk. 
s. Ad. sk. 
t, u. d ? ad. 
sk. 
xu. S ad. sk. 

Ad. sk. 

Jr. sk. 

Ad. sk. 

. J ad. sk. 

b\. Ad. sk. 

c', d'. Ad. sk. 

e\ Ad. sk. 

. Ad. sk. 

f> 

ff'. Ad. sk. 
h'. Ad. sk. 

i\ Skeleton. 

DENDROCfcLAPTID-aE. 

Venezuela. 
Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). 
Venezuela. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 


(WMtely). 

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 

( WMtely). 
Mazarimi r.,Brit. Guiana. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 
South Bank of River Ama


zons (Wallace). 
East Peru. 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Bahia, Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 

(Supposed type of 
Brazil. 

D. Dyson ["CI. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

T. R. Quelch [0.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Selater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Itiocour Coll. 


Denclrocojwsfalcularius.) 

Eyton Colli 

3. Xiphornynchnis lafresnayaniis. 
Dendrocolaptes procnrvu^ Lafr. et d'Orb. Sy?i. Av. ii. p. 12 ; Bridges, 
P. Z. S. 1847, p. 30 (Bolivia). 
Dendrocolaptes lafrebnayanus, (VOrb. Voy. Ofs, p. 36% pi. 53. fig. 2. 
Xiphorhynchus lafresnayanus, Lafr. JRev. Zool. 1850, p. 377 ; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 207; Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23; Pek. Orn. Bras. 

p. 44 (Cuvaba); Scl Cat. A. B. p. 108 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, 
[). 623 (Bolivia). 
Similar to X. trocliilirostris, but rather larger, bill longer; gene


rally lighter and more reddish in colour. 
Hah. Bolivia and interior of Brazil. 
I am by no means satisfied as to this form being really distin


guishable from X. trochiliroslris, 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Evton Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T." Bridges [0.]. 
4. XiphorlryiLchiis pusillns. 
Xiphorhvnchus pusillus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 278 (Bogota); id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 168; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 193 (Veragua)'; Scl 
et Suh. Nomencl p. 69; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 524 (Antioquia) ; 
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Costa Rica). 

Above dark brown, with narrow shaft-stripes t>f pale fulvous on 
the head, neck, and upper back ; wings, rump, and tail ferruginous : 
beneath similar, dark brown, with numerous narrow elongated 
shaft-stripes of pale fulvous, which are not so distinct on the 
lower belly; throat clear fulvous; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers rich ochraceous; bill horn-colour, not 

47. xiraoRHYNCnus. 
161 

reddish: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3-5. Female 
similar. 
Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, Veragua, and Costa Rica. 

This form is perhaps fairly separablo from X. trochilirostris, but 
is hardly smaller than many specimens of the latter, as its name 
would imply. As Mr. Salvin has pointed out, it may be recognized 
by its bill, which is not red as in X. trochilirostris, nor blackish 
as in X. procurvus. The plumage, too, is generally darker than 
in X. trochilirostris, and the stripes are narrower. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad sk. Concordia, U. S. C. (Salmo?i),Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. 
*,/. 6 S ad. sk. 
g. & ad. sk. 
h. Ad.sk. 
i. $ ad. sk. 
/. is ad. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
Rio Napo (?). 
Boquete de Chitra, Veragua 
(Arcej. 
Chiriqm, Veragua {Arc6). 
Chitra, Veragua (Arc6). 
Veragua (Arce), 
Costa Rica (Endres). 
Costa Rica. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
Purchased. 

5. Xiphorhynchus pucherani. 
Xiphorhynchus pucheranii, Lafr. JRev. ZooL 1850, p. 378; Des Murs, 
Icon. Orn. pi. 68; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142 (Bogota) j id. Cat 

A. B. p. 168 ; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 69. 
Drymornis pucherani, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 23. 
Bill of Xiphorhynchus pucherani. 

Above fulvous-brown ; head darker and, along with the neck and 
upper back, marked with shaft-spots of pale fulvous; patch on the 
side of the head beneath the eye white ; wings, rump, and tail ferruginous 
: beneath fulvous brown, as above; more or less distinctly 
marked with pale fulvous shaft-stripes ; under wing-coverts ochraceous; 
bill shorter and not nearly so much incurved as in the 
preceding species, pale horn-colour: whole length 11 inches, wing 
5-3, tail 4-4. 

Hab. Colombia. 

This at least is a very distinct species, at once known by its 
large size, more uniform colour, the white subocular patch, and the 
shorter and less curved bill. 


VOL. xv.

162 
DEKEKOCOLAPTmaG. 

a. Ak. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b, Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
48. 
DENDBOCINCLA*. „ 
Type. 
Dryocopus, ifefa.r. Pe#r. iii. p. 1111 (1831) D. turdina. 
Dendrocincla, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 18 (1840) I), turdina. 
Dendromanes, ScL P. Z. S. 1859, p. 382 D. anabatina. 

The species of Dendrocincla are mostly clad in uniform tints of 
brown and rufous, and exhibit comparatively little of the spotting 
and striation observable in most of this subfamily. They are all 
of moderate size. The bill, though depressed, is not so much 
broadened as in Dendrocolaptes, to which they form a transition 
from the forms with compressed bills. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Bill narrower; more constricted at base. (Dendromanes.) 
I a. Head brown » 1. anabatina, p. 1G2. 
b. Head bright rufous 
I Smaller: back more rufous 2. Tiomocliroa, p. 163. 
I Larger: back darker 3. riificeps, p. 164. 
B. Bill wider; broader at base. (Dendrocincla.) 
a. Fore neck distinctly striated. 
| Larger: tail shorter 4. tyrannina, p. 164. 
) Smaller: tail longer 5. longicanda, p. 165. 
b. Fore neck not distinctly striated. 
a'. Fore neck with fine shaft-stripes. 
a". Bill dark ; head uniform. 
i Outer secondaries chestnut ..... . 6. fuliginosa, p. 165. 
| Outer secondaries rufous 7. olivacea, p. 166. 

b". Bill light; head striated 8. turdina, p. 167. 

V. Fore neck uniform, without shaft-stripes. 
j Barker; wing-coverts rufous........ 9. merula, p. 168. 
j Lighter; wing-coverts brown 10. memloides, p. 168. 
1. Dendrocincla anabatina. 
Dendrocincla anabatina, ScL P. Z. S. 1859, p. 54, pi. 150 ("Honduras); 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1808, p. 54; iid. Komencl. p. 67; Boucard, 

P. Z. S. 1883, p. 450 (Yucatan); JRidgw. Br. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 404 
(Nicaragua), et x. p. 490. 
* Refer also to:— 
1. 
DENDROCINCLA LAFRESNAYEI, Eidgw. Pr. XL S. TS. M. x. p. 402 (Upper 
Amazons ?). 
2. D. MINOR, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 42, 60 (Matto Grosso); Eidgw. Pr. U. 8. 
N. M. x. p. 497. 
3. 
D. ATRIROSTRIS. 
Dendrocolaptes atrirostris, dOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 12; d?Orb. Voy.
Of*, p. 369, pi. 64. f.l. 
Dendrocincla atrirostris. Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 232 (Peru); ScL et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 622 (Bolivia); Bidgw. Br. U.S. K M. x. p. 493 
(Bolivia). 
48 . DEJSrjDROCINCM. 
Dendromanes anabatinus, St I P. Z. S1850, p. 382 (Mexico); <>/. Cat, 

A. B. p. 101; Scl. et Nolo. MM, I860, p. 35 (Guatemala); tf«to. 
P. & & 1870, p. 102 (Vomffua). 
Dendrocops anabatinus, £c/. c$ Ato. J7>&, 1859, p, 118. 
Above brown; slight postocular stripe and nape fulvescent; 

wing-coverts like the back; outer webs of wing-feathers, except 

at wing-end, bright rufous; tail chestnut: beneath as above, but 

throat paler, and fore neck more or less obsolotely marked with 

shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; under wing-coverts ochraccous ; bill 

pale horn-colour, whitish at base: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*8, 

tail 3-7. Female similar. 

Hal. Southern Mexico and Central America clown to Chiriqui. 

The rufous wing-edgings, which form a patch quite distinct in 
colour from the wing-coverts and blackish wing-ends, distinguish 
this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad.sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c.Ad.sk. San Pedro, Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitelg). 

d. Ad. sk. Ckoctum, Vera Paz, Gua- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
temala (Salmi), 
et Ad. sk. Sarnayoa, Vera Paz, Gua- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
temala. 
/ . Ad. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 

(j. $ ad. sk. Rancho Tuilha, sources of 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
B. de la Pasion, Vera 
Paz (Salvin). 
]i. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcf). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Chiriqui. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.l. 
/. § ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arcd). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Deadrocincla homochroa. 
Dendromanes homochrous, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 382 (Mexico) j id. 
Cat A. B. p. 162; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 103 (Veragua). 

Dendrocincla 
homochroa, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1808, p. 54; iid. 
Mmencl p. 67 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 450 (Yucatan); Nutting, 
Pr. XT. S. N. M. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua); Ridgw. Br. U. S. N. M. 

x. p. 491. 
Above fulvous-brown, red more rufous, lores greyish; wings and 

tail ferruginous red: beneath as above, unifoim fulvons-bro^n, 

rather paler on the throat; under wing-coverts brighter, ochia


ceous ; bill bom-colour: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3-0, tail 3-2. 

Female similar. 

Hab. S. Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui. 

The nearly uniform rufous colour above and beneath and without 

spots at once distinguishes this species. 

a. 6 
ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Cozumel L, Yucatan (Gaumcr). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
M2 
DENBEOCOLAPTID^l. 

c. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e,f. Ad. sk. Mugeres I., N. Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g Ad. sk. Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
Ad. sk. Savana Grande, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vin). 
i. 
Ad. sk. Sources of the Eio de la Pasion, 0. Salvin [C.]. 
Vera Paz. 
/. 
$ ad. sk. Eancho Tuilha, sources of Eio Salvin-Godman Coll. 
de la Pasion, Vera Paz (Salvin), 

h. c?ad. sk. Ghoctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salmi). Sclater Coll. 
m. 
c^ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Diego (Salvin). 
n. Ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Sclater Coll. 
Diego (Salvin). 
o. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad, sk. Nicaragua. Purchased. 
r,s. $ $ ad. sk. Volcano of Chiriqui (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t, S &d. sk. Southern slope of the Volcano Salvin-Godman Coll. 
of Chiriqui (ArcS). 
ut Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arci). Sclater Coll. 


3. Dendrocincla rufLceps. 
Dendromanes 
homochrous, Lawr. Ann. L. iV. Y. vii. p. 466 (Pa* 
nam a) (?). 
Denclrocincla ruficeps, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 54 (Panama); 
iid. Nomcncl. p. 67. 
Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps, Pidgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. x. p. 401. 

Similar to D. Tiomocliroa, but larger; head brighter rufous; back 

not so bright: -whole length 8'5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 3*2. 
Hab. Panama. 
So far as I can judge from a single specimen, I think this is a 


valid species. 

a. Ad. sk. Panama (Chambers). Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.) 
4. Dendrocincla tyrannina. 
Dendrocops tyranninus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 328. 

Dendrocincla tyrannina, Sol. Cat. A. P. p. 162; Scl. et Salv. P.Z. S. 
1868, p. 54, et 1879, p. 523 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 67; 
Pidgtv. Pr. V. S. N. M. x. p. 491. 

Dendrocops olivaceus, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852; p. 25. 

Above fulvous-brown, "with slight fulvous shaft-stripes on the 
front of the head; wings (except blackish wing-ends) and tail ferruginous 
: beneath paler, rather more fulvous; throat lighter; fore-
neck more or less distinctly marked with fine shaft-stripes of pale 
fulvous; under wing-coverts ochraceous : bill horn-colour: whole 
length 9*5 inches, wing 5*1, tail 4*8. Female similar. 

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

48 . BENDKOCIKfLA. 
105 
This is the largest species of the genus, and is easily recognizable 

by its size. 
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. (S ad. sk. 
Bogota, 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Sta. Elena, Antioquia, U. S. C. 
Sclalor Ooll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Eyton Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
(Salmon). 
/ , g. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godmaa Coll. 

o. Dendrocincla longicauda. 
Dendrocincla 
longicauda, Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 42, CO (1871); Sal et 
Sah. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 54; iid. Nomenel. p. 07; Sato. Ibis. 1885, 

p. 421 (Br. Guiana) • Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. x. p. 490. 
Above brown; head and neck darker and marked with fine 
shaft-stripes of pale fnlvons; bend of wing and outer margins of 
wing-feathers ferruginous; wing-coverts brown like the back; tail 
ferruginous: beneath rather lighter; throat pale fulvous, neck and 
breast covered with shaft-spots of pale fulvous, which become obso


- lete on the belly; under wing-coverts oehraceous; bill horn-colour: 
whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*2, tail 4-4. Female similar. 
Hab. Lower Amazonia and British Guiana. 
This is a smaller representative of D. tyrannina, but quite dis


tinct, with a smaller bill, longer tail, and much broader striations 
on the breast. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Barra do Eio Negro (Natterer)* Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Surinam (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
d. S 
ad. sk, Merume" Mrs., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
e. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
6. Dendrocincla fuliginosa. 
Le Grimpar enfume', Levaill. Prom. p. 70, t. xxviii, 
Bendrocopus fuliginosus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 117 (1818) ; id. 


Ene. MUh. p. 624. 
Dendrocincla fuliginosa, Bidgw. Pr. TJ. S. N. 31. x. p. 495. 
Dendrocolaptes fumigatua, Lieht. Abh. Ah. Berl. 1820, p. 203,1821, 

p. 264. 
Bendrocops fumigatus, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 24; Lafr. Bev. 
Zool. 1851, p. 466. 
Dendrocincla fumigata, Bp. Consp.Lj. 209; Lawj^Ann^Lxje.N. Y. 

vii. _ ----~ - • • ~ 
Amazons), 
p. 42 ; Tac... _ 
p. 168; Sato. Ibis, 1885, p. 421 (Brit. Guiana); Bidgiv. Pr. TJ. S. 
N. M. x. p. 495. 
Dendrocincla 
rufo-olivacea, Bidgw. Pr. XI. S. N. M. x. p 493 (L. 
Amazons) j Scl Ibis, 1889, p. 353. 

DEKDEOCOLAPTIDiE. 

166 

Above olive-brown ; lores, slight superciliaries, and sides of head 
pale fulvous; wing-coverts nearly like the back, but slightly darker; 
margins of wing-feathers, upper tail-coverts, and tail clear ferruginous 
: beneath rather lighter; throat more or less varied with 
pale fulvous; under wing-coverts light ochraceous; bill dark 
brownish black: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 3-9. 
Female similar. 

Hah. Lower Amazonia and Guiana. 

It is perhaps only traditionally that this species can be recognized 
as the original of Levaillant's figure upon which the name " fulirjtnosa 
" was based ; but such is the case in many other instances. 
The type of Mr. Ridgway's Dendrocincla rufo-olivacea (which he has 
kindly sent to me for examination) belongs, in my opinion, to this 
species. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Eoraiina, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c,d. cJad.sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana (Whitely) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
f. $ ad.; g. Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
* Ad.sk. 
Ji. J ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
i Ad. sk. Brazil (?). Purchased. 
7. Dendrocincla olivacea. 
Dendrocops atrirostris, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 466 (part.); Sclater, 
P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 66, 278, 293 (Ecuador). 
Dendrocolaptes atrirostris, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 63 (Rio Napo). 
Dendrocincla atrirostris, Scl. Cat. A. JB. p. 162; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1868, p. 54; iid. Nomencl. p. 67 (part.); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, 

p. 832 (Ecuador); Berlepsch, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 563 (Ecuador). 
Dendromanes atrirostris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 355 (Panama) ; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 193 (Veragua). 
Dendrocincla olivacea, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 466 (Panama) : 
Ridyw. Pr. U. S. N. 31. x. p. 492. 

Above olive-brown, wing-coverts like the back, but margins of 

secondaries more or less tinged with ferruginous ; tail ferruginous : 

beneath brighter; throat slightly freckled with pale fulvous; breast 

with very fine bright shaft-stripes, in some specimens evanescent; 

under wing-coverts ochraceous ; bill black, but often blotched with 

white on the lower mandible: whole length 8 inches, wing 4-3, 

tail 3*7. Female similar. 

Hah. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

This species has been usually identified with Dendrocops atrirostris 

of Lafresnaye, but as Mr. Ridgway has recently examined the 

typical specimen of that species, and has found it to be distinct 

(Proc. U. S. K M. s. p. 493), it becomes necessary to use Mr. Law


rence's name for it, based on Panama specimens. 

In general appearance D. olivacea comes nearest to D. fuliginosa, 

but is rather smaller in size and darker beneath; besides which the 

48 . DEffDItOOIffCLA. 
107 

edges of tho wing-feathers, although more or loss stained with 
rufous, are not nearly so ferruginous as the tail hi I), fulit/hwsti 
the margins of the wing-feathers and the tail are nearly alike in 
colour. 

a. 2 ad. sk, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad, sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. § ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol).
d, e, $ 5 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
//. c? ad. sk. Panama. Tweeddale Coll. 

h. 
<$ ad. sk. Manaure, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons),
i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y, h. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Villa-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez).
l} m. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


n. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
o, <$ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Frascr). Sclater Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Eyton Coll. 
q. (J ad, sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitdy). 
8. Dendrocincla turdina. 
Dendrocolaptes turdinus, Liclxt. Abh. Ah. Berlin, 1820, p. 204, t. ii. 

fig. 1, et 1821, p. 2(54; id. Verz. Doubt, p. 10. 
Dryocopus turdinus, Max. Beitr. iii./p. 1112. 
Dendrocops turdinus, Lafr. JR. Z. 1851, p. 465. 
Dendrocincla turdina, B\mn. Syd, XJeh. iii. p. 8 j Gray, Gen. B. I. 

p. 141; Bp. Consp. i. p. 209 j Reichenb. Mandb. p. 191 j Sol. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 54; iid. Nomencl. p. 67 • Pels. Orn. Bras. 
p. 42• Midgw. Pr. U. & JST. M. x. p. 492. 
Above olive-brown, head marked with fine shaft-stripes of pale 
fulvous ; wings nearly uniform with the back, but outer secondaries 
somewhat more rufescent; tail ferruginous: beneath similar, but 
rather lighter; fore neck with more or less distinct fine shaft-
stripes ; under wing-coverts ochraceous; bill pale yellowish brown : 
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, tail 3*3. Female similar. 

Eab. S.E. Brazil. 

This, at least, is a tolerably well-marked species, to bo recognized 
by its striated head, and the wing-edgings being nearly like the 
back. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
b} c. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Baliia. 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk, Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Amazons (?). Sclater Coll. 
168 
DENDEOCOIAPTIBJE. 

9. Dendrocincla merula. 
Dendrocolaptes merula, Zicht Abh. Ah. Berl. 1820, p. 208, et 1821, 
p. 264. 
Dendrocincla merula, Burm. 3yst. Ueb. iii.p. 9; Bp. Consp. i.p. 209 ; 
Sel. et Salv. P.Z. 8. 1868, p. 54, et 1873, p. 271 (E. Peru); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 67; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 42 j Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 169 ; 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 421 (Brit. Guiana) ; Ridgw. Pr. U. 8. N. M. 

x. p. 495. 
Dendrocops merula, Lafr. R. Z. 1851, p. 467 ; Byton, Contr. Orn. 
1852, p. 24. 
Dendrocincla castanoptera, Ridgw. Pr. U. 8. iV". M. x. p. 494; 

861. Ibis, 18S9, p. 353. 
Above dark olive-brown; wings, rump, and tail dark chestnut, 
wing-coverts rather lighter: beneath similar; gular spot pale fulvous 
; crissum chestnut; under wing-coverts rich ochraceous; bill 
horn-colour, lower mandible whitish: whole length 7 inches, wing 
3*7, tail 2*7. Female similar. 

Hob. Guiana and Amazonia. 

I cannot regard Mr. Bidgway's Dendrocincla castanoptera (of 
which he has kindly sent me the typical specimen for examination) 
as distinct from D. merula. It is rather smaller than most specimens 
of the latter species, and not quite so dark, but I consider 
these as only individual variations. 

a. Ad. sk. Surinam (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
b. (S ad. sk.
c. <$ ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk. 
Bartica Grove, British Guiana( Whitely). 
Borba, Brazil (Natterer). 
Chamicuros, E. Peru. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 

10. Dendrocincla meruloldes. 
Dendrocops 
meruloides, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 467: Eyton, 
Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 24. 
Dendrocincla meruloides, Reichenb. Handb. p. 191; 3d. Cat. A, B. 

p. 162; 3d. et Salv. P.Z. 8. 1868, p. 54; iid. Nomend. p. 67; 
Ridgw. Pr. TJ. 3. N. M. x. p. 495. 
Dendrocincla turdina, Jard. Ann. N. H. xix.p. 81 (1847) (Tobago). 
Dendrocincla merulina, Cab. et Kein. Mus. JSiein. ii. p. 34. 

Similar to D, merula, 
but paler; wing-coverts nearly like the 

back. 
Hah. Venezuela, Tobago, and Colombia. 
This is a doubtfully separable northern form of B. merula. 

.a. tf ad. sk. 
Venezuela (Ooering). Sclater Coll. 
Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

b. Ad. sk. 
Tobago (Kirk). Jardine Coll. 

c, d. (S $ a<*-5 e* &*&• 
n Sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 

Venezuela. Sclater CoU. 

g. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
49 . DENDROCOLAPTES. 
49. DENDROCOLAPTES* 
Type. 
Dendrocolaptes, Hermann, Obs. Zool. p. 135 (1804) .. D. certhia. 
Dendrocopus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 45 (1810) 1). certhia. 
Dendrocops, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 314 (1837) 1). picumnus. 
Orthocolaptes, Less. Jtev. Zool. 1840, p. 209 D. certhia. 
Premnocopus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 089 (1848) 1). certhia. 

Head, wing, and foot of Dendrocolaptes puncticollis. (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 55.) 

The original terra Dendrocolaptes, it is now agreed, must be 
restricted to the broad-hilled group with more or less strongly-
developed transverse radiations, allied to D. certliia. This is 
divisible into two subgeneric sections—(1) Dendrocops, with the 
bill narrower and more compressed, and (2) Dendrocolaptes proper, 
with the rostrum more expanded. 

The nine species of this genus range from Guatemala to Southern 
Brazil. 

* See also D. intermedins, Bed. Ibis, 1883, p. 141 (Brazil). 
DENDKOCOLAPTIDJB. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Bill narrower at the base, more compressed. 
(Dendrocops.) 

a. Breast with pale fulvous shaft-stripes. 
a'. Bill black 1. picumnus, p. 170. 
b'. Bill light horn-colour. 
i 
i 
llead blackish, with narrow shaft-
stripes 2. pitncticollis, p. 171, 
Head brown, with linear shaft-
stripes 3. pallesoens, p. 171. 

b. Breast with black rounded spots 4. validm, p. 172. 
c. Breast with distinct black cross bands .. 5. plagosus, p. 172. 
B. Bill wider at the base, more depressed. 
(Dendrocolaptes.) 

d. Belly indistinctly barred with black. 
j Back faintly barred with black 6. certhia, p. 173. 
) Back uniform 7. concolor, p. 174. 
e. Belly distinctly barred with black. 
\ Bars on throat obsolete 8. radlolatus, p. 174. 
| Bars on throat well defined 9, sancti-thomcB, p. 174. 
A. DENDROCOPS. 
1. Dendrocolaptes picumnus. 
Dendrocolaptes 
picumnus, LicM. Abh. Akad. Berl. 1820, p. 202; 
Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 35 ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 162; Scl d 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 56 ; iid. Nomencl p. 67; Berl J. f. 0.1873, 

p. 253, et 1887, p. 132 (Paraguay) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 613 
(rep. Arg\) ; Scl. et Huds. Arc/. <3m. i. p. 199. 
Dendrocolaptes cayennensis, LicM. Abh. Ah. Berl. 1821, p. 2G4. 
Dendrocolaptes platyrostris, Spiv, Ad. Bras. i. p. 87, pi. 89. 
Dendrocops platyrostris, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 314; Zafr, Rev. 

Zool 1851, p. 326; Bp. Consp. I p. 207. 
Dendrocolaptes melanoceps, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 269. 
Dendrocolaptes platyrhynchus, Reichb. Handb. p. 194. 
Dendrocopus platyrhynchus, Bum. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 9. 


Aboye fulvous-brown; head blackish, with pale fulvous shaft-

stripes, which are continued more sparingly down to the inter


scapulium ; outer secondaries tinged with ferruginous; tail ferru


ginous: beneath brighter; throat fulvous, with slight blackish 

edgings; breast marked with pale fulvous shaft-stripes, which are 

laterally margined obsoletely with black; belly crossed by numerous 

black cross bands; under wing-coverts fulvous, with black cross 

bands; bill black: whole length 10-5 inches, wing 4*6, tail 4*4. 

Female similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Olaussen [P.]. 
b, e. S ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. tf ad. sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ntr). 
•<?. Ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(II. H. Smith). 
40 . DEinmOCOLAPTES. 
171 
/; ff. 6 5 ad. sk. clotas, Pdo Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll 

Brazil (Joyner). 

7i, i. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil 
Relator Coll 

/. Ad. sk. 
S.E. Brazil. Lord Stuart deRothe


say [PA 

7c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. M. Olaussen [L\J. 

I 
Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 

m. Ad.sk. 
S.E. Brazil Tweeddale Coll. 
n. Skeleton. 
S.E. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 
2. Dendrocolaptes puncticollis. 
Dendrocolaptes puncticollis, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p, 54, t. v. 
(Guatemala); iid. Nomenel p. 07; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. 

p. 140 (Costa Rica); JBoucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 06 (Oobta Eiea). 
Dendrocops multistrigatus, Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 275 (Guatemala). 
Dendrocolaptes 
multistrigatus, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 102; Lawr. Ami. 
Lyc.N. YAx. pp. 106, 140 (Costa Rica); Franks. J.f.O. 1809, 

p. 305 (Costa Kica). 
Above fulvous-brown; head rather darker, with pale fulvous 

linear shaft-stripes, which are sparingly continued over the upper 

back; outer secondaries and tail ferruginous : beneath paler; throat 

pale fulvous, with slight blackish variegations; breast with broad 

shaft- spots of pale fulvous laterally edged with black; belly marked 

with numerous fine black cross-bands; under wing-coverts ockraceous 

slightly flecked with black; bill pale horn-colour: whole length 
A0*5 inches, wing 5*1, tail 4*5. 
Hah. Guatemala. 
This species is easily distinguished from D.<picumnxts by its more 

ferruginous wings, its pale and longer bill, and its brighter and less 
spotted under wing-coverts. 

a. Ad. sk. Tactic, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 1 (Types 
b. Ad. sk. San Geronimo, Vera Paz Sclater Coll. \ or the 
(Salvin). \ species.) 
3. Dendrocolaptes pallescens. 
Dendrocolaptes pallescens, Peh. Orn. Brm. pp. 43, 01. 
Above fulvous-brown; head with linear shaft-stripes and narrow 
blackish terminal margins: lower back, wings, and tail ferruginous: 
beneath brighter; throat fulvous, with blackish feather-edgings ; 
breast with long narrow shaft-stripes, which have slight black lateral 
margins ; belly obsoletely marked with blackish cross bands ; under 
wing-coverts ochraceous with blackish cross bands; bill whitish horncolour 
: whole length 10*5 inches, wing 5*1, tail 4*6. 

Bab. Interior of S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 

This is a very distinct species, easily recognizable by the very pale 

bill, peculiar head-markings, and ferruginous rump. 

a. 
J ad. sk. Piedra Blanea, Bolivia (JET. II. Salvin-Godman Coll 
Smith), 
DENDR0C0LAPIIDJ3. 

4. Dendrocolaptes validus. 
Dendrocolaptes validus, Tsch. F. P.,Aves,]). 242, t. 21. fig. 2; Scl et 
Salv. P. Z. S. I860, p. 184 (R. Ucayali), 1808, p. 56,1873, p. 271 (E. 
Peru), 1875, p. 237 (Tachira), et 1879, p. 523 (Antioquia); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 67; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 529 (C. Peru); id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 169; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 301 (W. Ecuador). 

Dendrocops validus, Lafr. llev. Zool. 1851, p. 324. 
Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus, JEyton, Conir. Orn. 1851, p. 75 (cf. 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 56). 

Above fulvous-brown, head rather darker with pale fulvous shaft-
stripes and narrow black terminal margins; upper back with 
linear shaft-stripes of pale fulvous; rump, wings, and tail ferruginous: 
beneath brighter, throat fulvous with slight blackish feather-edgings; 
breast more or less covered with round black points ; belly regularly 
barred with black cross bands ; under wing-coverts ochraceous with 
black cross-bands ; bill pale horn-colour : whole length 10'5 inches, 
wing 5*1, tail 4*7. Female similar. 

Mob. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Upper Amazonia. 
The round black spots on the breast distinguish this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Panama. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk, Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
(Sal?no?i). 
d. (S ad. sk.
e. (? ad. sk.
f. A.&. sk. 
Medellin, Antioquia,
(Salmon). 
Frontino, Antioquia,
(Salmon). 
Colombia. 
U. S. C. 
U. S. C. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

g. 
<$ ad. sk. San Christobal, Venezuela (Goe~ Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ring), 
h. Ad. sk. Amazonia (?). 
Sclater Coll. 
i. <S ad. sk. Chamicuros, Upper Amazons. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
j. 
$ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali {Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
5. Dendrocolaptes plagosus. 
Dendrocolaptes 
plagosus, Salv, et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 210 (Brit. 
Guiana) ,• Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 (Brit. Guiana). 

Similar to D. validus, but the black cross bands on the belly are 
broader and more strongly marked and are carried up oyer the 
breast. 

Hob. British Guiana. 

a,b. (S $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). (Types of the species.) 

c. (S ad. sk. Carimang Kiver, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
49 . DENDROCOLAPTES. 
173 

B. DENDROCOLAPTRS. 
6. Dendrocolaptes certhia. 
Le Picucule de Cayenne, Daub. PL JEnl 621. 

Picus certliia, Bodd. Tabl. d. PL Fnl. p. 38 (1783). 

Gracula cayennensis, Orn. 8. W. i. p. 399 (1788). 

Dendrocolaptes cayennensis, Licht. Ahh, Ahad. BerL 1820, p. 201; 

Bp. Consp. i. p 206; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 2QB (Upp. 
Amazons); id. Cat. A. B. p. 162; Scl. et Salu. P. Z. S.1807, p. 575 
(Lower Amazons), et 1868, p. 56. 

Dendrocops cayennensis, Lafr. It. Z. 1851, p. 320. 
Dendrocolaptes communis, Less. Tr. d'Oni p. 312. 
Gracula scandens, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 193 (1790). 
Dendrocopus scandens, VieilL Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 115; id. Enc. MitJu 


p. 623. 
Prernnocopus undulatus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian, iii. p. 089. 
Dendrocolaptes undulatus, Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 35. 
Dendrocolaptes certhia, Scl. et 8alv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 56, et 1879, 
p. 622 (Bolivia) j iid. Nomencl. p. 67; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 421 
(Brit. Guiana). 
Le Grimpar Picucule, Levaill. Prom. p. 67, t, xxvi. (?). 
Dendrocolaptes obsoletus, Bidgio. Pr. U, 8. N, M. x. p. 527; Scl. 

Ibis j 1889, p. 354. 

Above brown; bead and neck with light shaft-spots edged with 
blackish; wings, rump, and tail ferruginous: beneath brown, 
obsoletely crossed by numerous narrow blackish bands; throat much 
paler, whitish; under wing-coverts ochraceons; bill reddish horncolour 
: whole length 10 inches, wing 4*7, tail 4*5. Female 
similar. 

Uab. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and Eastern Brazil. 

The type of D. obsoletus, which Mr. Eidgway has kindly sent to 
me for examination, is somewhat divergent towards D. concohr, the 
bars beneath being rather more obsolete. This, however, is more or 
less the case in all the Amazonian specimens. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b, c. <$ ad. sk. 
d, e. (S $ ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g. S ad.; h. Ad. 
sk. 
i. Ad. sk. 
j . Ad.sk. 
'h. Jr. sk. 
L c?ad. sk. 
m. 2 ad- sk. 
n. Ad.sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Wliitefy)-
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitehj). 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitehj). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
(Whitehj). 
Demerara (Brown). 
Demerara. 
Albina, Surinam (Bartlett). 
Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace). 
Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace). 
Ega, Amazons. 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 

174 TOGNDROCOLA PTID2E. 

7. Dendrocolaptes concolor. 
Dondrocolaptes concolor, Feb. Orn. Bras. pp. 43, 62; Sal. et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1808, p. 56; iid. Nomencl p. 07. 
Above fulvous-brown; bead and neck with, faint indications of 
black feather-margins; wing-ends, rump, and tail ferruginous: 
beneath nearly similar, but more dusky on throat and breast; belly 
brighter, and very faintly marked with narrow cross bars ; under 
wing-coverts ochraccous; bill reddish: whole length 10*5 inches, 
wing 4'8, tail 4*7. 

Ilab. Mat to Grosso and Eio Madeira, Brazil. 

This species is closely allied to D. certlda, but differs in the cross 
bands on the head and body beneath being narrower and almost 

obsolete. 
a. 2 a0^ gk* Borba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 

8. Dendrocolaptes radiolatus. 
Dendrocolaptes 
radiolatus, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 755 (Upper 
Amazons), 1868, p. 56, et 1873, p. 271 (E. Peru) j iid. No?nencL 

p. 67 j Toes. Orn. Pir, ii. p. 170. 
Above fulvous-brown, rump ferruginous; head covered with 
fulvous shaft-spots and black edgings ; back regularly barred with 
narrow black cross-bands, which are nearly obsolete on the rump ; 
wing-ends and tail ferruginous : beneath pale fulvous, regularly 
barred with narrow but distinct black cross-bands; throat paler, and 
less distinctly barred : under wing-coverts ochraceous, with a few 
black feather-margins; bill dark horn-colour: whole length 10*5 
inches, wing 4-9, tail 4*8. Female similar. 
Hal. Upper Amazonia and Roraima district of British Guiana. 

The distinct black bars above and beneath distinguish this species 
from D. certlda and D. concolor. 

a. Ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
h. 
<$dA. sk. Ckami euros, E. Peru (Bart- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ktt). 
c. £ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
e. Ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons. H. Whitely [C.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h-<$ $ ad. sk. Cariinang r.; Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Wliitely). 

9. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae. 
Dendroeops sancti-thomse, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 466. 
Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomas, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 96 (S. Mexico), 
et 1859, p. 54 (Honduras); id. Cat. A. B. p. 163 j Scl. et Salv. 

49 . DENDROCOLAFTES. 17 5 
Ibis, 1859, p. 118 (Honduras); iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 35/5 (Panama), 
et 1808, p. 50 ; iid, KomencL p. 07 ; Later. Ami. Li/c, A7". Y. vii. 

p. 320 (Colombia), viii. p. 180 (Nicaragua), ct ix. p. 10(3 (Costa 
Rica); £«/r. P. Z A 1807, p. 144, el 1870, p. 193 (Veragua); 
Fronts. J. f. 0. 18G0, p. 305 (Costa Rica); Wi/att, Itis, 1871, 
p. 331 (Colombia); IJoucard, P. #. & 1<W78, p. CO (Costa Rica); 
Ridgw. Tr. U. S. N. 31. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua). 
Above fulvous-brown; bead, neck, and upper back crossed by 
narrow distinct black bars; wing-ends, rump, and tail deep ferruginous 
: beneath fulvous, regularly crossed throughout by distinct 
black cross bands ; under wing-coverts ochraccous, with slight black 
cross bands; bill dark horn-colour : whole length 9*5 inches, wing 
4*9, tail 4*3. Female similar. 

Hab. Central America, from Honduras to Panama. 

This is a smaller bird than D. radiolatus, and has its under 
surface more completely barred. The head also is barred, and shows 
no lighter shaft-spots. 

a. Ad. sk. Honduras. Purchased. 
1. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. 
(Blancaneaux). 
Honduras. Sclater Coll. 
d. 
e. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
f. 2 ad. sk. 
ff-
K 
i, 
,/• 
k 
$ ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
5 ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Vera Paz (Salvin).
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (ArcS).
Bugaba, Chiriqui {ArcS).
Santiago de Veragua (ArcS).
Panama.
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.], 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

176 FOliMICABIIBiE. 

Family II. FORMICARIID^. 

The Eormicarians were associated by the older authors partly 

with the Shrikes {Laniida?\ and partly with the Timeliirte Thrushes. 

If more obvious external characters are taken only as a guide, this 

is by no means an unnatural arrangement. The formidable hooked 

bill of one of the larger Tliamnopliili would well become a t}Tpical 

Lanius; while the general conformation of the ordinary Formicarian, 

with its thickened rump-feathers, when compared with that of some 

of the Timeliines of the Eastern Archipelago, is by no means dis


similar. Dr. Cabanis, in his well known " Ornithologische Notizen," 

published in 1847 *, following up the anatomical investigations of 

Johannes Muller, first showed that the Formicariidce were distin


guishable by external as well as internal characters, if these were 

carefully looked for. Nitzsch in his ' Pterylographie,' and Sundevall 

in his celebrated ' Tentamen/ advanced our knowledge of the subject; 

and I do not presume to say that the present arrangement of the 

Formicariidce^ which is mainly based upon Dr. Cabanis's plan, is any 

more than an improved edition of the results which he arrived at. 

The division of the Formicariidce into subfamilies is a matter of 

much difficulty. As in many other cases, the diversities of the 

extreme forms (such as Thximnojphilus and Grallaria) are sufficiently 

obvious. But there is a long series of intermediate stages, and the 

question is where can we best draw a line, or lines, between the 

groups. Upon reconsideration I have come to the conclusion that 

I cannot maintain the three subfamilies exactly as adopted in my 

Synopsis of the Ant-Thrushes, published in 1858 f. 

The simplest plan appears to be to cut off first the long-legged 
Grallarice and their allies to form the subfamily Grallariince. The 
remainder may then be separated into two subfamilies—one embracing 
the Shrike-like Thamnophilince, the other the typical Formicariince^ 
which imitate rather the Thrushes and Sylvians. When the trachese 
of these numerous forms have been carefully examined, it is probable 
that a more satisfactory way of division will be arrived at. 

The Formicariidce are a very numerous group in the middle part 
of the Neotropical Region. They thin out very much in the Transpanamic 
Subregion on the north, and still more so in the Chilian 
Subregion on the South. Only about 20 species occur in Central 
America ; and Mr. Hudson and I have been able to include only 4 
species in the Ornithology of the Argentine Eepublic, most of these 
being, moreover, found only near the northern limits of that country. 

* Wiegm. Arch. f. Nat. xiii. Bd. i. pp. 186, 308. 
t " Synopsis of the American Ant-birds {Formicariid®)? P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 202, 
232, 272, also separately paged. 

TEAlOTOPHILira. 

177 

On the other hand, in tlio forests of Amazonia, Guiana, and Colombia 

Formicarlidce are one of the most prevalent and abundant forms of 
Bird-life. Mr. Salvin has enumerated 50 species of Formicariidus 
in his list of the birds of British Guiana *, and M. Taczanowski 
includes no less than 94 species in his Ornithology of Peru. 

We know as yet very little as to the reproductive habits of the 
Formicariidce; but, so far as it yet appears, they seem to bo nest-
builders near the ground or upon it, and to lay spotted eggs. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

A. Tarsi moderate or short. 
a. Bill robust and strongly hooked; 
Laniine ' I. THxtMNOnilLINJB^.m. 
b. Bill weaker, slightly hooked ; 
Sylviine II. FOUMICAIUINJE, p. 228. 
B. Tarsi much elongated III. GRALLARIINJE, p. 306. 
Subfamily I. THAMNOPHILIN^l. 

The ThamnopMlince, with which we commmence the Pormicariine 
series, have mostly strong Shrike-like bills,which led the older authors 
to include them in the genus Lanius. Batara is the gigantic form of 
the group, and has a truly formidable bill, which is doubtless used 
for the destruction of smaller birds as well as of large insects. Thamnophilus, 
the typical genus, contains a large series of species varying 
much in dimensions and in other particulars. Neoetantes and 
Qlytoctantes are two abnormal monotypes, with curious upturned 
bills and claji in uniform black plumage. 

The Thamnophilince are spread all over the Neotropical Eegion 
from Mexico to Argentina, where, however, they are scarce and 
only feebly represented on the northern frontiers. They are not 
found in Chili and Patagonia, and are also absent from the Antillean 
Subregion. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. Bill very strongly hooked. 
a. Bill short and stout 
1. CYMBILANITLS, p. 178. 
b. Bill elongated, much compressed 2. BATABA, p. 179. 
B. Bill less strongly hooked. 
c. Kictal bristles obsolete. 
a'. Bill stronger. 
a". Commissure straight. 
a"'. 
Uropygial plumes normal. 
| Bill more compressed 3. THAMNOPHILTJS, p. 180. 
I Bill widened at base 4. BIATAS, p. 214. 

* Ibis, 1885, p. 423. 
VOI/. XV. 
 EOKMICARTIDiE. 

b"\ Uropygial plumes highly de


veloped. 
j Tail normal 5. THAMNISTES, p. 215. 
| Tail short 6. PYGOPTILA, p. 217. 

b". Commissure slightly ascending". 
f Gonys ascending 7. NEOCTANTES, p. 218. 
\ Gonys strongly ascending .... 8. GLYTOCT ANTES, p. 219. 
b'. Bill weaker 0. DYSITHAMNUS, p. 219. 
d, Rictal bristles well-developed 10. THAMNOMANES, p. 226. 

1. CYMBILANIUS. 
Type. 
Cymbilanius, G. JR. Gray, List of Gen. p. 36 (1840) C. lineatus. 

Bill of Cymbilanius lineatus. 

The thick, swollen bill and strongly ascending gonys render this 
monotype easily recognizable amongst the TTiamnojphilince. It 
ranges from Costa Eica southwards to Amazonia. 

1. Cymbilanius lineatus. 
Lanius lineatus. Leach, Zool. Misc. pi. 6, i. p. 20 (1814). 
Thamnophilus lineatus, Vieill. Noav. Diet. hi. p. 316 ( $ ); Pitch. Arch. 
Mas. Par. vii. p. 354; Sclater, JEdinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. i. p. 231. 

Cymbilanius lineatus, Gray, List of Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 36; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 197 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 112, et 1858, pp. 65, 
206 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 170 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 74; Set. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 355 (Panama), 1866, p. 566. (Peru), 
1867, p. 978 (Amazons), 1873, p. 272 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 524 
(Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 69; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. 

p. 293 (Panama), et ix. p. 107 (Costa Pica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 144, et 1870, p. 194 (Veragua); iid, Lbis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. 
Guiana); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 305 (Costa Eica); Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 529 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 1. 
Cymbilanius 
lineatus fasciatus, llidgic. Pr. TJ. S. N. M. vi. p. 404 
(Nicaragua). 

Above black, with narrow white cross bars ; cap uniform black : 
beneath white,with numerous black cross bars: whole length 6-8 inches, 
wing 2*8, tail 2*8. Female. Cap ferruginous ; white bars above and 
beneath more or less strongly tinged with rufous. 

Hah. Costa Eica, Yeragua, Colombia, Ecuador, Amazonia, and 
Guiana. 

a. S ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Eica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
b. S ad. sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(ArcS). 
2 . 1JAXAKA. 170 
c. S ftd. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arc6). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. tf ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arc6). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. c? ad. sk. Santa FtS, Veragua (Arc6). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, g. 6 ? ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. (S ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador (Gould). Sclater Coll. 
ifj. <3 $ ad. sk. 
A\ cj1 ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, EcuadorEga, Amazons. 
(Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
/. S ad. sk. 
m. J ad. sk. 
??. § ad. sk. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). 
Nauta, Upper Amazons. 
Yquitos, U. Amazons 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
E. Bartlett [C]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
o. $ ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
PJ q. S ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
r, s. S $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
£. <^ ad. sk. 
(Whitely). 
Maroni r., Surinam (Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
u. 5 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
v. $ ad. sk. Brit. Guiana. Ckev. Schomburgk 
10. 5 ad. sk. S. America. r, R • ,Baron Laugier s 
Coll. 

2. BATARA. 
Type. 
Batara, Less. Traite d'Om. p. 347 (1831) B. cinerea. 
Tkamnarchus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 19 (1859) .. B. cinerea. 

Bill of Batara cinerea. 

The large size of the single member of this genus and the 
exceedingly strong, compressed, and hooked bill separate it from 
its brethren. It is only met with in S.E. Brazil. 

1. Batara cinerea. 
Thamnophilus cinereus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 200; id. Enc. 

Meth. p. 750 (6) ; Sclater, Edinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. i. p. 229. 
Thamnarchus cinereus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 19. 
Thamnophilus rufus, Vieill Now. Diet. xxxv. p. 200 ($). 
Lanius undulatus, Mikan, Del. Faun. Bras. pi. 
Thamnophilus undulatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 197; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. 

p. 89. 
Thamnophilus cristatellus, Vieill. Enc. Mith. p. 749; Puch. Arch. 
Mus. Par. vii. p. 354. 
Thamnophilus vigorsii, Such, Zool. Journ. i. p. 557, suppl. pis. 7, 8. 
Thamnophilus gigas, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 220. 

N2 

FOKMICAMIDJE. 

Vanga striata, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. Uran., O&.pp. 98,99, pis. 18,19. 
Batara striata, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 847. 
Batara cinerea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 207 (S.E. Brazil); id. Cat. 


A.B.f. 170; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 74; Scl. et Sato* Nomencl p. 69. 
Lanius procerus, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Above cinereous; head crested, black; back, wings, and tail black, 
with narrow white cross bars: beneath cinereous : whole length 
14 inches, wing 5*2, tail 7. Female similar, but fore half of head 
chestnut, and bands above broader and of a fulvous rufous; beneath 
paler, belly washed with rufous. 

-Hah. S.E. Brazil 
a, b. (S ad.; c, d. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
$ ad. sk. 
e,f. (J § ad. sk.
g. ($ ad. sk.
k, i 6 S ad. sk. 
Novo Fribourgo, Rio Janeiro,
Brazil (Yottas). 
Biq Claro, Goyaz, Brazil(Joyner). 
S.E. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
/. ? ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 

3. 
THAMNOPHILTJS* 
Type. 
ThaninopMlus, Vieill Analyse, p. 40 (1816) T. doliatus. 
Taraba, Less. Tr. d'Ovn. p. 375 (1831) T. major. 
Nisius, lieichenb. A v. Syst. Nat. t. lxxi. (1850) T. leachi f. 
Othello, lieichenb. ibid. (1850) T. luctuosus t-
Diallactes, lieichenb. ibid. (1850) T. major. 
Iiypoedaleus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 18 (1859) T. guttatus. 
Lochiles, Cab. et Hein. ibid. (1859) T. severus. 
Erionotus, Cab. et Hein. torn. cit. p. 15 (1859) T. cserulesceno. 
Ilypolophus, Cab. et Hein. torn. cit. p. 10 (1859) ... . T. cirrhatus. 
Rhopochares, Cab. et Hein. torn. cit. p. 17 (1859) ... . T. torquatus. 
Myrmelastes, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 274 T. plumbeus. 

* Refer also to the following species, unknown to the writer :— 
1. Th, brevirostris, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 82 (Colombia); Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, 
p. 148 (Bogota). 
2. Th. lafresnayanus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 182, t. vi. fig. 1 (Bolivia). 
3. Th. nigrescens, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. x. viii. p. 469 (Venezuela). 
4. Th.jmi, Philippi, Cat. Mus. Mediol. p. 13 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 288. 
5. Th. inomatus, Ridgw. Proc. TJ. S. N. M. x. p. 522 (Lower Amazons). 
6. Th sticturus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 76, 144. 
7. Th. sticiocephakis, Pelz. op. cit. pp. 77, 146. 
8. Th. pimotuliger, Pelz. 11. cc. 
9. Th. polionotus, Pelz. op. cit. pp. 77, 147. 
10. Th. saturninus, Pelz. II. cc. 
11. Th. incertus, Pelz. op. cit. pp. 78,149. 
t Of. G. R. Gray, Cat. of Gen. and Subgen. (1855) p. 61. 
3. THAMKOTOILTrS, 
181 

For more convenient handling, T divide this numerous gonus into 
the following sections :— 


A. 
Of largo size; bill strong and hooked ; tail generally much 
lengthened; plumage mostly banded or spotted, at loast 
in one sex : p. 181. 
B. 
Of large size ; bill strong and hooked; tail shorter, slightly 
rounded; plumage black and white: p. 184. 
C. 
Of smaller size; general plumage of males black, of females 
rufous: p. 188. 
D. 
Of smaller size; general plumage plumbeous; wings mostly 
with white spots or edgings: p. 192. 
E. 
Of smaller size; head more or less crested and black; 
wings black with white edgings; tail with white tip: 
p. 202. 
E. 
Of smaller size; plumage more or less barred with black 
and white: p. 206. 
SECT. A. Of large size; bill strong and hooked; tail lengthened, 
rectrices much graduated; plumage mostly banded or spotted, 
at least in one sex. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Above spotted or banded. 
a. 
Under surface mostly black. 
(Above black, with round white spots .. 1. leachi, p. 181. 
( Above black, with white undulations .. 2. imdutiger, p. 182. 
b. Under surface mostly white 3. gutfatm, p. 182, 
B. 
Above uniform. 
j Tail longer ,* belly black 4. severus, p. 183. 
I Tail shorter; belly cinereous 5. fuliginosus, p. 183. 
1, Thamnophilus leachi. 

Thamnophilus leachii, Such, Zool. Journ. i. p. 558 (d); J"ard. et Selb. 
Ill Orn. pi. 41; Sclater, Edinb. Phil Journ. n. s. i. p. 230 ; id. 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 207 (S.E. Brazil); id. Cat A. B. p. 171; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 198; JBurm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 90; Scl et Said. 
Nomencl p. 09; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 74; White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. G14 (rep. Arg.); Berl. J. f. 0.1887, p. 132 (Paraguay); Scl et 
Iluds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 202. 
Thamnophilus ruficeps, Such, Zool Journ. i. p. 559 ($). 
Lanius funebris, Cuv. in Mtts. Par.; Puck Arch. Mm. Par. vii. 

p. 324. 
Lochites leachi, Cab. et Hem. Mtis. JEein. ii. p. 19. 
Above black, with round white spots : beneath black, with slight 
whitish cross bands on the belly ; bill and feet black: whole length 
10*5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 5. Female. Above black, spotted with 

182 
FORMICAKIID-aE. 

ferruginous; forehead densely striated with ferruginous beneath 
black, thickly barred with pale ferruginous. 
Hob. S.E. Brazil and K Argentina. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. 

c. S ad.j d,e. 
$ ad. sk. 
/. (S ad. sk. 

g, h. 3 £ ad. sk. 

i. $ ad. sk. 
/. $ ad. sk. 

k. d ad. sk. 
S.E. Brazil. 
Bio Janeiro, Brazil (Yoads). 
Santa ¥6, Minas Geraes, Brazil 

(Rogers). 
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Bio Grande do Sul, Brazil 

(Pla?it). 

Bio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 

S.E. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Cull. 

Evton Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

2. Thamnophilus unduliger. 
Thamnophilus unduliger, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 75, 139 ; ScL et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 272 (E. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Pir. H. p. 2. 
Thamnophilus undulatus, 8cl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 69. 
Thamnophilus Miginosus, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 750, 755 
(E. Peru) (err.). 
Above black, with numerous narrow whitish cross undulations : 

beneath similar, less strongly marked on the breast: whole length 

9 inches, wing 4, tail 3*5. Female. Above ferruginous, with black 

cross undulations : beneath similar but brighter. 

Ilab. Amazonia. 

a. $ ad. sk. B. Ucayali. 
Gould Coll. 
b, c. S 2 a(^ sk. Bio Copotaza, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 

d. S 
jr. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
e. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
f. 2 ad. sk. Xeberos, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
3. Thamnophilus guttatus. 
Thamnophilus guttatus, 
Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 315; Puch. Arch. 
Mus. Par. vii. p. 353; Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 25, pi. 35. f. 1 (2 ); Maa\ 
Beitr. iii. p. 1019,• Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 208 (Brazil) ; id. Cat. 

A. B.y. 171 j Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 75 ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304 
(Brazil); ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 69. 
Lanius meleager, Liclit. Doubl. p. 46. 
Thamnophilus maculatus, Such, Zool. Journ. i. p. 5B7, suppl. pi. 6. 
Thamnophilus meleager, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 297 ; Sclater, JEdinb. 

Phil. Jour. n. s. i. p. 231; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 91. 
Lanius maculatus, Cuv. in Mus. Par.: Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. 

p. 327. 
Thamnophilus meleagris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 197. 
Hypoedaleus guttatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 18. 
3. THAMNOPHILUS. 
183 

Above black, with largo oval spots of clear wliito; wings aucl tail 

black, with, white cross bands : beneath white ; sides of breast black 

spotted with white: whole length 8-5 inches, wing 3'5, tail 4. 

Rmale similar, but 
the spots and bars above stained with pale 

fulvous; belly pale ochraceous. 

Ilab. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. d ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 

c. $ ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S 
ad. sk. Lagos dos Patos, R. Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sul, Brazil (Rogers). 
e. <$ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godmaa Coll. 
/, 9> 6 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
4. Thamnophilus severus. 
Lanius severus, Licht. Bouhl p. 45 (1823), 
Thanmophilus niger, Such, Zool. Journ. i. p. 559 (tf ) (1825): Jard. et 


JSelb. III. Orn. pi. 21. 
Thamnophilus swainsonii, Such, Zool. Journ. i. p. 550, suppl. pi. 5. 
Tamnophilus othello, Less. Cent. Zool p. Qo, pi. 19. 
Batara Othello, Less. Tr. d?Orn. p. 347. 
Thamnophilus severus, Sclater, JEdinh. Phil. Journ. n. s. i. p. 230; id. 

P. Z. S 1858, p. 208 (S.E. Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 171; Burm. 
Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 90 j Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 75 j Set et Sab. Nomencl. 
p. 69. 
Lochites severus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 19. 
Cap crested, black; above and beneath nearly uniform sooty black : 

whole length 8*5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 4*5. Female. Above black, 

with ferruginous cross bars; cap crested, deep ferruginous: beneath 

pale* ferruginous, with black cross bars. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a-d. S ad.; e,f,g. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
5 ad. sk. 

h. 
J ad. sk, Rio Olaro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
i. $ ad.sk. Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y, h. <$ $ ad. sk, Lago dos Patos, R. Grande Salvin-Godman Coll. 
do Sul, Brazil (Rogers), 
l,m. c? $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

n. $ ad. sk. 
S.E. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 
o. Skeleton. 
Purchased. 
5. Thamnophilus fujiginosiis. 
Thamnophilus viridis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 318; id. Enc. M&th 
p. 749 ; Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 354 ( $ ). 
Lanius lunulatus, Cuv. in Mus. Par. (?); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 375, 
pi. 45. f. 2. . no^ 
Thamnophilus lunulatus, Sclater, Edinb. Phil Journ. n. s. I. p. 232 ; 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana). 

184 
FOEMICAKIIDJiJ. 

Thamnophilus fuliginosus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 80 (Demerara); 
Sclater, Bdinb. Phil Jour. n. s. i. p. 234 ; «?. P. Z. S.1858; p. 208 : 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 171; Sol et Salv. Nomencl p. 69. 

Above cinereous; head crested, blackish : beneath rather clearer; 

throat blackish ; whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*1. 

Female. Above more or less ferruginous ; tail cinereous, with black 

cross bars: beneath pale cinereous, with narrow black cross bars, 

middle of belly more whitish. 

Hab. Guiana and Amazonia. 
In form this species comes nearer to the next section, but it has a 
banded female. 

a. $ 
ad. st. Cayenne. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
b. 5 ad. sk. Cayenne. BaionLaugier'sColl. 
Cj d. S $ ad. sk.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Jr. sk. (Whiiely). 
f. 
(S ad. sk. Baxtica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(WMtely). 
g. 
c? ad. sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{WMtely). 
h. (S jr. sk. Guiana. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. cf jr. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
SECT. B. Of large size • bill strong and hooked • tail shorter, 
slightly rounded; plumage black and white. 

Key to tlie Bjpecles. 

A. Plumage beneath mostly white. 
a. 
Tail without white cross bars. 
j Crissum black 6. melanocrissus, p. 184. 
< Crissum black barred with white .. 7. transandeanus, p. 185. 
( Crissum white 8. melanwus, p. 185, 
b. Tail with black cross bands. 
j Eectrices slightly barred 9. borbce, p. 186. 
| Eectrices strongly barred 10. major, p. 186. 
B. Plumage beneath mostly black 11. roJidei, p. 187, 
6. ThamnopMlus melanocrissus, 
Tliamnophilus melanocrissus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 252 (S. Mexico); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 172,* Later. Ann. Lyc. M. Y. ix. p. 107 
(Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. 0. 18G9, p. 305 (Costa Eica) ; 8cl et 
Sah. P. Z. S.1870, p. 837 (Honduras); Nutting, Fr. U. 8. N. M. 

vi. p. 405 (Nicaragua). 
Tliamnophilus melanurus, Sclater, P. Z. S.1857, p. 203 (Mexico); Scl 
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 119 (Honduras). 

Above black; large concealed patch on interscapulars white; 
greater wing-coverts occasionally with slight white tips : beneath 
white; crissum black: whole length 7*6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*1. 
Female similar, but body above and crissum dark ferruginous. 

Eak S, Mexico and Central America down to Costa Eica. 

3 . THAMNOPniLTTS. 
a. $ acl. st. Panama (?). Purchased. 
b,c. $ ? ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvix). Sciater Coll. 
d. ? a(i- sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salmi), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. <S ad.; g, h. Vera Paz. 0. Salviu, Esq. [P.]. 
$ ad. sk. 
hj> 6 2 
ad. sk. Sources of Rio do la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Vera Paz (JSalvin). 

7. Thamnophilus transaiideairas, 
Thamnophilus tran&andeanus, Sciater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 18, 1858, 
p. 210, et I860, pp. 278,295 (Ecuador) ; id. Edinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. 
i. p. 233 j id. Cat. A. B. p. 172; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y, vii. 
p. 293; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 355 (Panama), et 1870, 
p. 524 (Antioquia); ikl Nomencl. p. CO; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 144 (Veragua); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 324 (Peru); id. Orn. 
PSr. ii. p. 3 ; JBerl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 504 (W. Ecuador). 
Diallactes transandeanus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein, ii. p. 18; Cab. 

J.f. 0. 1872, p. 234. 
Thamnophilus hollandi, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y, viii. p. 180 (Nicaragua) 
; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 310. 
ThamnopMlus melanurus, Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 142 (Veragua). 

Above black; concealed patch on interscapulars and greater and 
lesser wing-coverts tipped with white: beneath white, crissum 
black mixed with white: whole length 7*6 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*1. 
Female similar, but body above deep ferruginous; crissum brown 
and white. 


Hal. Yeragua, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

05. , tf ad. sk. Tuetirriqui, Costa Pica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Mina de Ohoreka, Veragua Sciater Coll. 
(ArcS). 
cd. <$ 2 ad. Panama (McZeaman). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


; 

sk. 

e. c? ad. sk. Panama (McZeannan), Sciater Coll. 
g. <$ 2 ad. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser), Sciater Coll. 
f, 

sk. (Types of the species.) 
h i. 6 2 ad. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. gomez). 
j-<$ ad. sk. Guayaquil. G. Barclay [P.]. 

h. tf ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. c? ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon), Salvm-Godman Coll. 
m.. <S ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon), Sciater Coll. 
8. ThamnopMlus melanurus. 
Thamnophilus melanurus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 69, pi. 83 
(R. Ucayali); id. Ann. N. B. ser. 2, xv. p. 345; Sciater, P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 147 (Boftotal, 1858, pp. m, 209, et 1859, pp. 57, 383 
(Mexico) j id, Cat. A. B. p. 300; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S, 1866, 
p. 185 (Ucayali), 1867, pp. 750,978, et 1873, p. 272 (E. Peru) ; iid, 
Nomencl. p. 69 -, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 4. 
Thamnophilus major, Tsck. Faun, Per., Aves, p. 170. 
Diallactes melanurus, Cab, J.f 0.1872, p. 234. 


. FORMICAKIID^. 

Above black; concealed patch on interscapulars and greater and 
lesser wing-coverts more or less tipped with white : beneath white ; 
tail black, outer rectrices sometimes with slight white tips: whole 
length 9 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3. Female. Above ferruginous 
brown; beneath white, flanks and crissum brownish. 

Hah. Colombia, Eastern Ecuador, and Peru. 

a. tf ad. st.
b. cS ad. sk.
c. J ad. sk.
d. e. $ $ ad. 
E. Ucayali. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). 
Gould Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
/ , g. $ 2 adsk. 
Samiria, Peru (Ilauxivell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h.
i.
j . 
S ad. sk. 
J ad. sk. 
$ jr. sk. 
Sarayacu, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
E. Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
JR.. Ucayali (Hauxwell). Gould Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
k, I. <$ $ ad. R. Amazons. Purchased. 
sk. 
m, <$ jr. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased. 

9. Thamnophilus borbae. 
Thamnophilus 
borbae, Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 75, 140 j Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 69. 

Above black; large concealed patch on the interscapulars and 
tips of greater and lesser wing-coverts white: beneath white; tail 
black, two outer rectrices slightly barred on the inner webs 
and tipped with white: whole length 8 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3. 
Female. Above clear ferruginous brown : beneath white. 

Bab. Eiver Madeira. 

I am doubtful whether this form can be maintained as distinct 
from Hi. major. The only difference I can find is the much less 
amount of white-spotting in the tail of the present bird. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Borba, Brazil (flatterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
10. Thamnopliilus major. 
Batara mayor, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 192. 
Thamnophilus major, Vieill. flouv. Diet. iii. p. 313; id. JEnc. Meth. 


p. 744; a? Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 166 ; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 687; 
Bp. Consp. i. p. 198; Sclater, Fdinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. i. p. 232; id. 
P. Z. S. 1858, p. 209 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 172 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 
p. 85 (Trinidad); JfcL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 575 (L.Amazons), 
1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 623 (Bolivia) j iid. Nomencl. 
p. 69; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 75; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 567 
(Trinidad); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 386 (Para) ; Salv. Ibis, 1880, 
p. 359, et 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana); White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 614 (rep. Arg.); Berl. J.f. 0. 1887, pp. 16, 119 (Paraguay; 
Scl et Muds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 203. 
3 . TH^MNO^BILXTS. 
Thamnophilus stagurus, Max. Beifr. iii. p. 990; Burn. Syst. Ueb. 

iii. p. 92 ; id. J.f. 0.1800, p. 251 (rep. Arg.). 
Thamnophilus albiventer, Spix, A v. Bras. ii. p. 23, pi. 32. 
Thamnophilus bicolor, Sic. ZooL Jour. ii. p. 80 (c?): id. Orn. Dr. 
pi. 60. * 
Thamnophilus cinnamomeus, 8w. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 87 (g). 
"Thamnophilus magnus, Wied" Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 375. 
Lanius stagurus, Licht. JDoubl. p. 45. 
Diallactes major, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 18. 

Above black; concealed patch on the interscapulars and tips of 

wing-coverts white: beneath white ; tail black, all the lateral rec


trices with more or less numerous bars of white on the inner webs, 

and in the outer pair on both webs : whole length S inches, wing 3*8, 

tail 3*]. Female. Above clear cinnamon-brown: beneath white; 

flanks and crissum brownish. 

Bab.- Eastern South America from Venezuela to Argentine 

Eepublic. 

a. S ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
b. g ad. sk. Brazil. 
M. Olaussen [P.]. 
c. g ad, st Caracas, Venezuela. Dyson [0.1 
d. <$ ad. sk. Carupano, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. B. Tukutu, Brit. Guiana ( White-Salviu-Godman Coll. 
h. 
(S ad. ; i. <$Quonga, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.;,/. g ad. 
X, 16% ad. Para, Lower Amazons (WalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
sk. lace). 

m. <$ ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (WalTweeddale 
Coll. 
lace). 
n, o. $ ad.; p, Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

q. g ad. sk. 
r, s. 6 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. g ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
u. $ ad. sk. Abrilongo, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(H. m Smith). 
v. d ad.; w, x, Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. g ad. sk. (Jff. JET. Simth). 
%. c? ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
a', b'. <$ g ad. Oran, Salta, Arg. Hep. (White). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

c'. 6 ad. sk. Salta, Arg. Hep. IT. Durnford [C.l 
d'. g ad. sk. Tucuman, Arg. Kep. II. Durnford [C.]. 

11. Thamiiopliilxis rohdei. 
Thamnophilus rokdei, Berlepsch, J.f 0. 1887, pp. 16, 119, pi. i, 
(Paraguay). 
Above black, concealed spot on interscapularies and tips of wing-
coverts white : beneath black, middle of breast varied with white ; 
tail black, with white cross bands; under wing-coverts black and 

188 
P0KMICARIID-2E. 

white; bill and feet black: whole length 7'9 inches, wing 3-7, 

tail 3-2. (BerlepscJi.) 
Hah. Paraguay. 
The single specimen as yet obtained is in the Berlin Museum. 


The geneial foim is that of P. major, but the bill is rather shorter 
aud more elevated. 


SECT. C *. Of smaller size; general plumage of males 
black, of females rufous. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Wing-coverts not edged with white. 
a. Tail uniform black. 
a'. Larger: under wing-coverts black. 
1 Large subscapular patch white.... 12. leuconotus, p. 188. 
{Edge of bend of wing white 18. immaculatus, p. 189. 

b'. Smaller: under wing-coverts black and 
white 14. cefhiops, p. 190. 

6. Tail broadly tipped with white 15. luetuosus, p. 190. 
i 
i 
B. Wing-coverts edged with white. 
Larger: outer tail-feathers sometimes 
narrowly tipped with white 16. tschudii, p. 191. 
Smaller : all tail-feathers tipped with 

white 
17. melanochrous, p. 191. 

C. 
Wing-coverts with small white terminal 
spots 18. punctatus, p. 191. 
12. ThamnopMus leuconotus. 
Tliamnophilus leuconotus, Spix, A v. Bras. ii. p. 28, pi. xxxix. fig. 2 
(c?); ScL et Salu. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 272 (E. Peru); ml. Nomencl. 

p. 69; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 5. 
Tliamnophilus melanoceps, Spice, Av. Bras. ii. p. 28, pi. xxxix. tig. 1 : 
ScL P. Z. S. 1857, p. 133 (E. Peru), et 1858, pp. 65, 210 
(Ecuador). 

Diallactes melanocephalus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 18 ( § ). 
Tliamnophilus melanocephalus, ScL Cat. A. P. p. 172 (§ ). 
Tliamnophilus dorvinus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 09 (E. Ucayali); 

id. Ann. Fat. Hist. ser. 2, xv. p. 345 ,* ScL Edhib. Phil. Journ. 

* The following species has been founded dn an. immature specimen, probably 
belonging to a species of this section of Thamnqphilm:— 
TIIAMNOHIILUS MELANOTIIOHAX, Scl P. Z. S. 1857, p 133, et 1858, p. 210. 

Above dark chestnut; sides of head and body beneath black; lower belly 

and flanks paler, olive-brown with a rufous tinge; tail uniform chestnut: 

whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2'8. 
Hab. S. America. 

a. St. S. America. Purchased. 
(Type of the species.) 
3 , 
THAMtfOPHILTTS. 18 9 

n. s. i. p. 234; id. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 05, 210; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 172; Sol. et Sal*. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 185 (R. Ucayali). 
Diallactes corvinus, Cab. et Hem. Mas. Hem. ii. p. 1& 
Myrmelastes nigenimus, 6W. P. & & 1858, p. 275; 2ta. Orw. Per. 
ii. p. 25. 
Above and beneath uniform dull black ; largo patch on the base 

of the wing under the scapulars white; bill and feet black; bill thick 

and strong: whole length &5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2*5. Female. 

Above cinnamon-brown, wings and tail darker: beneath pale 

cinnamomeous ; head and neck black. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. R. Ucayali. Gould Coll. 
(Type of Th. cormnus.) 
b. (S ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. <$ ad. sk. Rio Javari. Purchased. 
d,e. <$ $ ad. Loretoyacu, E, Peru (Haw- Salvin-Q-odinan Coll. 
sk. well). 
f,V- 
<J 2 ad. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [0.1. 
sk. 

k. 
$ ad. sk. Sania Cruz, Peru v. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
i, j. <$ $ ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. 


13. ThamnopMlus immaculatus. 
Thamnophilus immaculatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 340; Sclater, 
JEdinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. i. p. 249; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148 
(Bogota), 1858, p. 211, et 1860, p. 89 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 173; Sab. Ibis, 1870, p. 114; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 194 
(Veragua); Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 09; Berl. et Tacz, P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 564 (W. Ecuador). 
Pyriglena ellisiana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 109, pi. 100, et 1858, 

p. 246($). 
Phlogopsis ellisiana, Sol. Cat A. B. p. 860 ($). 
Above and beneath dull black; narrow margin along the bend of 

the wing white; bill and feet black; bill narrower, not so thick: 

whole length 7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2-8. 
Female. Above dark 

ferruginous brown, face blackish, tail black: beneath paler. 

Hal. Costa Rica, Veragua, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

The less thickened bill, longer tail, lesser size of the subscapular 

white, and different female distinguish this species from T. leuco


notus. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Bogota. Lady Ellis [P.], 
(Type of Pyriglena ellisiana.) 
b. S ad. sk. Tucumqui, Costa Rica (Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c 
(J ad. sk. Boquete de Ohitra, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(ArcS). 


d. 
S ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ jr. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
/. S ad. ak. Veragua (Arci). Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcano Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
of Chiriqui (Arci), 
190 FORMICARIIDJE. 
h. <$ ad. sk. 
i. S ad. sk. 
j . § ad. sk. 
7c. <$ ad. sk. 
Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Nanegal, Ecuador. 
Ecuador. 
Quito. 
Sclater Coll. 
L. Fraser [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Z. Ad. sk. 
m. S ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p. cf jr. sk. 
q. cS ad. sk. 
Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. 
Initaj, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

14. Thamnophilus SBthiops. (Plate XI.) 
ThamnopMlus sethiopa, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 65, 212, 457 (Ecuador) 
; id. Cat. A. j?.p. 173; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 70. 

Above and beneath, uniform black ; bend of the wing and under 
wing-coverts sprinkled with white spots ; bill and feet black : whole 
length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2*5. Female. Nearly uniform dark 
chestnut; under wing-coverts cinnamomeous; tail blackish. 

Habt Eastern Ecuador, 

a,b. c? ? ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Types 

of the species.) 
c9d. d 2 ad. sk-Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
e,f. 8 5 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

15. Thamnophilus luctuosus. 
Lanius luctuosus, Licht. Doubl. p. 47. 

Thamnophilus luctuosus, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 172; Burm. Syst. 
TJeb. iii. p. 93 ; Scl Edinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. i. p. 234 ; id. P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 211 (E. Peru); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 76; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 575 (L. Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 69: Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 529 (C.Peru). 

Lanius melas, Cuv. in Mus. Par. j Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. 

p. 328, pi. 17.fig. 1. 
Crested ; above and beneath black; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white; tail black, broadly tipped with 
white ; bill and feet black: whole length fro inches, wing 3*2, tail 
2-6. 
Hah. Lower Amazonia. 
The crested head and broad white tips to the tail-feathers render 
this species easily recognizable. 

a. <$ ad. sk. It. Amazons. Purchased. 
6. 8 ad. sk. Pio Tocantins (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
c. 3 ad. sk. Cara-raucu, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Natterer). 

t3. TIIAMNOPHILTJS. 

193 

16. Thamnophilus tschudii. 
Thamnophilus Iscliudii, Pelz. Orn. Bra*, pp. 76, 141; ScL ct Salv. 
NomencL p. 70. 
Thamnopliilus subandinus major, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 7. 
Above black, largo concealed interscapular patch, bend of wing, 
and margins of wing-coverts white : beneath black; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white; outer pair of 
tail-feathers sometimes slightly tipped with white j bill and feet 
black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2-2. Female. Above 
brown, back blackish, with a concealed white interscapular spot; 
head black: beneath dull brown, centre of belly dark chestnut-
rufous. 
Hah. Amazonia. 

a,b. S $ ad. sk. Borba, Eio Madeira (Nat- Sclater Coll. 
terer). (Authentic specimens.) 
c, d. 6 $ ad. sk. Borba, Rio Madeira (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll 
terer). (Authentic specimens.) 

e. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru ( WMtely). Sclater Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
17. Thamnophilus melanochrous, 
Thamnophilus melanochrous, ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 18, pi. iii. 
(S. Peru) ; Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 11. 
Thamnophilus subandinus, Tacz. P. Z. S.1882, p. 29 (N.E. Peru) ; 
id. Orn. PSr, ii. p. 6. 
Above black ; concealed interscapular spot and edgings of wing-
coverts white: beneath black; under wing-coverts black mixed 
with white ; inner margins of wing-feathers and tips of tail-feathers, 
as also bar on the outer web of the outer pair of tail-feathers and 
tips of some of the under tail-coverts, white; bill black, feet plumbeous 
: whole lengih h'h inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*6. Female. Above 
grey, cap black ; beneath pale cinereous; abdomen cinnamomeous. 
ffab. Peru. 


a. S ad. sk. Huiro, Peru (WHtehj). Sclater Coll. ) 
b. 
<$ ad.sk. Huiro, Peru (WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. ( 
(Types of the species.) 
c. $ ad. sk. Huiro, Peru (Orton). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
£ ad. sk. Chachapoyas, Peru Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
(Stolzmann). specimen of T, subandinus.) 
18. Thamnophilus punctatus. 
Thamnophilus punctata, Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 241 (Costa Pica); 
Later. Ann. Zt/c. N. Y. ix. p. 107 (Costa Pica); Frantz. J.f. 0. 
1869, p. 305 (Costa Pica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 194 (Veragua); 
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 110; ScL et Salv. NomencL p. 70. 
Above black, rump more cinereous; wing-coverts tipped with 
small round white spots: beneath black, lower belly passing into 
dark cinereous ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing


192 
POEMICAEIIDiE. 

feathers white; tail black, outer pair of reetrices slightly tipped 

with white: whole length 6 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*5. Female. 

Similar, bnt rather duller. 

Hob. Costa Eioa and Yeragua. 

a. c? ad. sk. Oosta Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. <$ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. <$ $ ad. sk. Mina de Okorcha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce), 
f, g. <$ ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll. 

SECT. 1). Of smaller size; general plumage plumbeous; wings 
mostly with white spots or edgings. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Larger-sized; wing 3 inches or more. 
a. Wing-coverts with white terminal 
spots; tail uniform 19. plumbeus, p. 193. 
b. "Wing-coverts edged with white; tail 
tipped with white. 
j Outer rectrix without a white bar 20. cinereo-niger, p. 193. 
| Outer rectrix with a white bar .. 21. nigro-cinereus, p. 194. 

B. Smaller-sized j wing less than 3 inches. 
c. Head with white shaft-stripes. 
[ Wings and tail blackish 22. bridgesi, p. 104. 
I Wings and tail rufous 23. nigriceps, p. 194. 
d. 
Head uniform black or plumbeous. 
a'. Without a white bar on the outer 
rectrix. 
a". Greater wing-coverts with white 
tips. 
a"'. Cap blackish. 
) Bill broader; tail shorter.... 24. stellaris, p. 195. 
) Bill narrower; tail longer .. 25. tristis7 p. 195. 

b'". Cap cinereous 2®. murinus, p. 195. 
b". Greater wing-coverts not white-

tipped. 
\ Cap black 27. capitalis, p. 196. 
I Cap plumbeous 28. simplex, p. 197. 

b'. With a white bar on the outer rectrix. 
(Group of Tk navius.) 
c". Intermediate reetrices unspotted. 
c'". Cap black. 
&K Bar on outer rectrix narrow. 


a5. Interscapulium cinereous. 
i Nape blackish 29. ncevius, p. 197. 
j Nape cinereous ... . 30. cinereinucha, p. 198. 

bs. Interscapulium black ... . 31. amasontcus, p. 199. 
bK Bar on outer rectrix broad


ened. 
i Belly cinereous 32. msignis, p. 199. 
< Belly white 33. ccerulescens, p. 200. 
(Belly rufous 34. maculatus, p. 201. 

d'". Cap cinereous 35. cinereiceps, p. 201. 
d". Intermediate reetrices spotted .. 36. ambiguus, p. 201. 

3 . lUAMNOPniLUS. 
103 

19. Thamnophilus plumbeus. 
Myrmelastes plumbeus, Scl. P. Z. S.1858, p. 274, pi. cxliii.: id. Cat. 
A.JB. p. 180; Scl. et Sale. P. Z. S. ]800, p. 5(37 ; Tacz. Orn, Ptr. 

ii. p. 24. 
Thamnophilus plumbeus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 273 (E, 
Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 60. 
Thamnophilus lryperytlirus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 70; id. Ann. 

N. PL. ser. 2, xv. p. 346 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 211 (Peru); Scl. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 18CC, p. 185 (? ) (R. Ucayali). 
Above dark plumbeous, wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts terminated 
by distinct rounded white spots: beneath slightly paler; 
under wing-covcrts blackish with white spots ; bill and foot black : 
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*3. Female. Above plumbeous, 
wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts with white terminal spots as 
in male: beneath bright rufous. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 

a. 
c? ad. sk. Eastern Peru (Bates). Sclater Coll. (Type of Myrmelastes 
plumbeus.) 
b. 
$ ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bart-Sclater Coll. 
lett). 
c, d. S ? ad. sk. Amazons. Purchased. 

e. 
$ ad. sk. Ohamicuros, Ucayali Gould Coll. (Type of Th. 
(Hauxivell). hyperythrus.) 
f. 
<$ ad.; fff h. Pebas, E. Peru (Ilaux-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 ad. sk. well). 
i. 
Jad.sk. Samiria, Upp. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Kauxzoell). 
20. Thamnophilus cmereo-uiger. 
Thamnophilus 
cinereo-niger, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 7Q, 143 (1871) j 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 60. 

Above dark cinereous; cap, wings, and tail blackish; a large 

blotch, on the interscapulars white at the base, tipped with blackish; 

wing-coverts narrowly margined with white; tail narrowly tipped 

with white: beneath cinereous; belly rather paler; under wing-

coverts white ; bill and feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3*2, 

tail 2*4. Female. Above brown : concealed blotch on interscapulars 

white ; cap plumbeous : beneath ferruginous brown, 

Ifab. Bio Negro district of Amazonia. 

I 
am a little doubtful about the distinctness of this species from 

T. nigro-cinereus. The only appreciable differences are the absence 
of the white bar on the outer rectrix of the present bird, and its 
rather paler belly. 
a. (S ad. sk. Rio Amajau (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 1 (Authenb. 
$ ad. sk. Itio Negro (Natte?-er). Sclater Coll. > tic specic. 
5 ad. sk. Eio Negro (Natterer). Salvin-Goclman Coll. ] mens.) 
d. 
? ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
VOL. xv. o 
19 4 
FORMICAKIIDiE. 

21. TliamnopMlus nigro-ciEereus. 
Tliamnopliilus nigro-cinereus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 19, pi. 81, et 
1858, p. 212 ; id. Edhib. Phil Journ. n. s. i. p. 246; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 173; Scl. et Sal v. P. Z. S. 18G7, p. 575 (L. Amazons); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 70. 
Above dark cinereous ; head and upper back black, with a large 
concealed white blotch at the base of the interscapulars; wings 
black, with narrow while margins to the wing-coverts; tail black, 
tips of the rectrices and a narrow bar on the outer web of the outer 
pair white : beneath cinereous, rather blackish on the breast; under 
wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3-2, tail 2-4. Female. Above brown, with a concealed white 
spot on the interscapulars; head plumbeous: beneath ferruginous 
brown. 

Hah. Lower Amazons, 

a. <$ ad. sk.
b. <$ ad. sk. 
Bio Tocantins (Wallace). 
Bio Tocantins ( Wallace), 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the sp 
Salvin-Goilman Coll. 
ecies) 
c. d. cS $ ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk.
f)9> cf?ad. ist. 
Mexiaua (Wallace). 
L. Amazons. 
Para. 
Sclater Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
B. Graham, E^q. 
[P.]. 

22. ThamnopMlus bridges!. 
Tliamnopliilus bridged, 
8cl. P. Z. S. 185G, p. 141, et 1858, p. 212 
(Veragua); Salvin, P. Z. S.1867, p. 144, et 1870, p. 194 (Veragua) ; 
Later. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 107 (Costa Bica); Franta. J.f. 0. 
18GD, p. 805 (Costa Bica); Scl. et Sal v. Nomencl. p. 70. 

Above cinereous with a slight brownish tinge ; head black, with 
narrow but distinct white shaft-linos ; wings black, coverts with 
round white apical spots ; tail black, with slight white terminal 
spots : beneath cinereous as above; throat, breast, and upper belly 
marked with elongated white shaft-spots; under wing-coverts 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 5*9 inches, wing 2*7, tail 
2*7. Female similar. 

Ilab. Yeragua. 

a. (5ad.sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Gfodman Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). 
Sclater Coll. 
e. cjad. st. Chiriqui. 
Purchased. 
23. ThamnopMlus nigriceps. (Plate XII.) 
Tliamnopliilus nigriceps, 8cl. P. Z. S.1808, p. 571 (Colombia); 8cL 
et Salo, Nomencl. p. 70. 

Above reddish brown; wings and tail chestnut; head black, with 
very fine white shaft-lines: beneath greyish, throat and breast 

3 . TIIAMNOIVUILTJS. 
black with fine white striations; Hanks and orissum tinged with 

rufous; under wing-coverts fulvous ; bill dark plumbeous; feet 

brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2*7. 

Hah. Colombia. 

This is a species very distinct from anything I know, with a 

somewhat feeble bill; its chestnut wings and tail and black head 

with white striations render it easily recognizable. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Typo of the species.) 
24. ThamaopHlus stellaris. 
TkamnopMkis stellaris, Spiv, Av. Bras, ii. p. 27, t. xxxvi. fig. 2; 
Sol et 8alv. Nomencl. p. 69. 

Above dark plumbeous, with a large concealed white blotch on 
the interscapulium • centre of cap black; wing-coverts with small 
white apical spots: beneath paler, uniform plumbeous ; bill thick 
and strong, dark plumbeous: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*8, 
tail 14. 

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia. 
This appears to be the species figured by Spix ; it is remarkable 
for its strong bill and short tail. 

a. Ad. sk. British Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Amazons. Purchased. 
25. Thamnophilus tristis. 
Thamnophilus tristis, Scl. et Sah. Nomencl. pp. 09, 160. 

Above dull plumbeous, centre of cap slightly blacker; wings 
blackish, coverts tipped with small spots of white; bend of wing 
also with small white spots ; tail blackish, with very slight white 
ends to the outer rectrices : beneath as above, or very slightly paler; 
under wing-coverts grey, streaked with white; bill and feot black: 
whole length 6'2 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*4. 

Hah. Cayenne and Eastern Brazil. 

This species is very nearly allied to Th. stellaris, but has a more 
compressed beak and longer tail. The external rectrices are also 
slightly tipped with white. I am not confident as to its distinctness. 

a. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater Coll. 
26. ThamnopMlus miliums. 
Thamnophilus murinus, Pefa. Orn. Bras. p. 77; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1807, p. 756, 1873, p. 273 (Upper Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 70 ; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 29 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 12; 

Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above cinereous, with a concealed white spot at the base of the 
interscapularies ; wings rather darker, coverts narrowly edged with 
o2 

F0EMICARIIDJ3. 

white ; tail dark cinereous, with white tips : beneath paler, more or 
less whitish in the middle of the belly; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of wing-feathers white; bill plumbeous, beneath 
paler: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2*1. Female. Above 
pale brown, head somewhat rufescent; wings and tail brown, with 
slight apical spots of ochraceous on the coverts ; beneath paler, white 
in the middle of the belly. 

Hah. Amazonia and Guiana, 

This is a small, rather weakly formed species, easily known by its 

nearly uniform grey coloration. 

a, b. c? § ad. sk. Rio Negro, Brazil {Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimens.) 

c. 
S ^d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Pern {Bart- Sclater Coll. 
lett). 
d. 
<$ ad, sk, Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.1 
Xeberos, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.j. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

f,9-tfjr.5 Sad. 

sk. 

h, i. $ 2 ad- sk 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased. 

j. cJjr.sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
k. $ jr. sk. 
Marakka, British Gitiana (W. Sclater Coll. 
L. Sclater). 
h m> 6 $ ad. sk, Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Wliitely). 
n, o. $ ad.; p. 5 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. (Whitely). 


q. 
<? ad.; r. ? jr. Takutu i\, Brit. Guiana. IT. Whitely [0.]. 
&k. 
s. 
5 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ColL 
{Whiteit/), 
t. 3 
ad. sk. Merume" Sits., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
27. Thamiiophilns capitalis. 
ThamnopMlus 
capitalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 6o; 214 (Rio 
Napo) • id. Cat. A. B. p. 174; Scl et Salv. Komencl p. 70 j Tacz. 
Orn. JPer. ii. p. 11. 

Above cinereous, cap black; wings and tail blackish, the former 

with slight cinereous edgings; the latter with slight white tips to 

the outer rectrices : beneath pale cinereous, middle of belly whitish ; 

under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white; bill 

plumbeous, paler beneath: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6, 

tail 2*2. Female. 
Above brown, head rufous: beneath fulvous, 

paler on the throat. 

Hal. Upper Amazonia. 

a. S jr.; b. $ ad. Rio Napo, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 
sk. (Types of the species.) 
c. $ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
d, e. c? J ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru (Whitely). Sclater ColL 
3 . THAMNOPDCILTTS. 
197 

28. Thamnophilus simplex. 
Thamnophilus simplex, Scl Ibis, 1H73, p. 387, pi. xv. (Para); Scl et 
Salv. P. Z. S. lb78, p. 130; iid. Nomenel. p. 00. 

Above uniform plumbeous, wings and tail slightly darker; bend 
of wing with, a few white markings: beneath similar, rather brighter 
on the belly; under wing-coverts white, mixed with grey ; bill and 
feet blackish : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*0, tail 2*2. Female. 
Above rusty brown, head more rufescent: beneath, throat and 
breast as above; belly paler, more fulvous. 

Hah. Lower Amazonia. 
a,b. S ? ad. sk. Para (Layard). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. § ad. sk. L. Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
29. Thamnophilus nsevius. 
Spotted Shrike, Lath, Syn. i. p. 190, unde 
Lanius nsevius, Gm. S. N. i. p. 308; Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 40, 


pi. 17; Licit. Doubl. p. 46. 
Le Tachet, Levaill. Ois. cVAfr. ii. p. 113, pi. 77. f. 1, undh 
Lanius punctatus, Shaio, Gen. Zool. vii. pt. 2, p. 327. 
Thainnophihis nsevius, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 59; Cab. in ScJiomb. Guian. 

iii. p. 087 ; Sclater, Fdinb. Phil. Joarn. n. s. i. p. 242; id. P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 148 (Bogota), 1858, p. 213, et I860, pp. 278,294 (Ecuador); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 173; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 94; Peb. Om.Bras. 
p. 76; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 355 (Panama), 1806, p. 185 
(R. Ucayali), 1873, p. 273 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 524 (Antioquia), 
p. 023 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl p. 70; Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 144 
(Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana); Lawr. Arm. Lye. 
N. Y. ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 305 
(Costa Rica); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Oosta Rica); Salv. ft 
Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 171 (Santa Marta) j Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 232 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 8; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 304 (W. Ecuador); Berl. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 307 (Buearamanga). 
Thamnophilus caerulescens, Lafr. Pev. Zool. 1853, p. 338 (?). 

Erionotus naevius, Cab. et Kein. Mus. Sein. ii. p. 10. 

Thamnophilus naevius albiventris, I'acz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 9. ^ 

Thamnophilus amazonicus, Lator. Ann. Lyc. N. X. vii. p. 325 

(Panama) (?). 

Above cinereous, cap more or less black; interscapulars mixed 
with black, and with a large basal blotch of white; wings black, 
edged with white; upper tail-coverts black, with more or less or 
small terminal spots of white ; tail-feathers black, with white ends 
and a narrow white bar across the outer web of the outer rectrix: 
beneath cinereous, middle of belly clearer; under wing-coverts and 
inner margins of wing-feathers white; bill and feet blackish: whole 
length 5*2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2*1. Female. Above dull brown, head 
rufescent; concealed interscapular spot white; wing-edgings fulvous 
; tail brown, with white end and a white bar on the outer 
rectrix: beneath pale fulvous. 

Bah. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, 
Guiana, and Brazil. 

POEMTCAETIDiB. 

a, tf ad. sir. 

b, $ ad. sk. 
c, d. <$ $ ad. sic. 

e. 6 ^d. sk. 
/, g. cS ? ad. sk. 
h ?"• 6 2 ad. sk. 
,/, A. c? ? ad. sk. 
/, m. <$ 2 ad. sk. 
%, o. $ J ad. sk. 

p. cS ad. sk. 
#. c? ad, sk. 
r, s. tf ad. ; *. § 
ad. sk. 
u, v. <5 $ ad. sk. 
«?. 5 ad. sk. 


jr. d ad. sk. 

y. $ ad. sk. 
is. $ ad. sk. 
a',b'. <Jad.;c\ $ 
acl. sk. 

<f. S ad. sk. 
e',/'. c?$ ad.sk. 
(/'. <$ acl. sk. 


V. <$ ad. sk. 
*',/. (S ad. sk. 
AJ'. tf ;?,*?»'. ?ad. 
sk. 
ri. S ad. sk. 
</. tf ad. j p'. tf 


jr. sk. 
#'. tf ad, st. 
r', s'. <$ $ ad.; 25'. 

wr. (5 ad. sk. 

Puerto Cabello, Honduras 

(WMtely). 
Medina, Honduras (Whitely). 
Angostura, Costa Rica (Car


miol). 
Oosta Rica (CarmioT). 
Voragua (ArcS). 
Chepo, Isthm. of Panama 

(Arce). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. C. 

(Simons). 
Nichi, U. S. 0, (Salmon). 
Colombia. 
Colombia. 

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingtoorth). 
Santa Rita, Ecuador ( Tilla


gomez). 
Chimbo, Ecuador (Stohmann). 
Orinoco. 
Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(WMtely). 

Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(WMtely). 

Qnonga, Brit. Guiana. 
Cayenne (Jehhi). 
Cayenne. 
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner), 
Brazil. 


Brazil. 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 


Brazil (Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 

South America. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salv in-G odman Coll, 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 


Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 


Eyton Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Purchased. 


M. Claussen [P.]. 
Purchased. 

30. ThamnopMlus cinereinucha. 
Thamnophilus cinereinuclia, Feb. Orn. Bras. pp. 77, 145. 

Similar to Th. ncevius, but nape wholly cinereous: rather whiter 
beneath, and with indications of slight cross-striations on the 
crissum. 
. Hal. Rio Negro district of Amazonia. 

I am doubtful about the validity of this species, but have only 
one male specimen to judge from. The female is stated by v. Pelzeln 
to resemble that of Th. ambiguus. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Rio Negro, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
3. THAMfforniLira. 
190 

31. Thanmophilus amazonicus, 
Tliamnophilus 
ruficollis, Spi\v, Av.Bras. ii. p. 27, pi. 37. fig. 1 ($); 
Cab. hi Schomh. (htuoh iii. p. 087; Mclater, IMinb. Phil. Journ, 

u. s, i. p. 247 ; /Sfoto. iflzs, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana). 
Tliamnophilus amazomcus,flc/ater, I'. Z. S 1858, p. 214, pi. 1:39. figs. 1 
S, 2? ; id. CV. yl. B. p. 174; P A Or/?. Bras. p. 77; &/. rf 
Salv. P. 2. A 18(30, p. 185 (11. Ucayali), 18(57, p. 575 (L. Amazons), 
et 1873, p. 273 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl p. 70; Layard, Ibis. 1873, 

p. 380 (Para); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 10. 
Above cinereous; head, nape, and upper back black, concealed 
blotch at base of interscapulars white; wings black with whito 
edgings; upper tail-coverts black, with conspicuous white terminal 
spots; tail black, broadly tipped with whito, and with a white bar 
across the outer web of the outer rectrix: beneath cinereous, 
crissum slightly varied with whitish ; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white ; bill and feet blackish : whole 
length 5-2 inches, wing 2*0, tail 2-1. Female. Above pale fulvousbrown, 
with a white basal blotch on the interscapulars; wings and 
tail as in male; whole head and body beneath down to bottom of 
breast clear rufous; belly fulvous. 

If ah. Guiana and Amazonia. 

The male of this species is generally darker than Th. ncevius, and 
the black on the head and back is more predominant. The spots on 
the upper tail-coverts are more distinct. The females, as above 
described, are manifestly different. 

a, b. <$ J ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 


c. $ 
ad.; d. S F- &• Amazons. Purchased, 
sk. 
e, $ acl. sk. Rio Capini, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wallace), 
f, g. S $ ad. sk. Para,LowerAmazons(Zffy«rd). Tweedclale Coll. 
ft, \. <$ $ ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll. 

lace). 

j. $ ad. sk. E. Amazons (Hauxwell). Gould Coll. 
h, I. $ ad.; m. <$ Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.; n. $ ad. sk. (Whitely). 
o, p. 6 ? ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

q. $ ad. sk. E. Takutu, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r, s. S ? ad. sk. Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll. 
t. $ ad. sk. Oyapoc. 
Purchased. 
32. ThamnopMus insignia. (Plate XIII.) 
Tliamnophilus insignis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 450 j Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 424 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above cinereous ; cap black; interscapulium black, with a large 
basal blotch of white; wings black, with conspicuous white margins; 
upper tail-coverts black, with large whito terminal spot; tail black, 
broadly tipped with white, and with a broad white bar on the 

FOTtMICARIID-E. 

outer web of the outer rcctrix ; beneath cinereous, rather more 
whitish on the middle of the belly ; under wing*-eoverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white; bill and feet black : whole length 
5*7 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-2. Female similar, but nape dark chestnut, 
and front black with slight white points. 

Hah. Eorainia district of Guiana. 
The male of this species is again very similar to Th. ncevius in 
general colour, but the female is quite distinct. 

a, b. $ ad.; c. Eoraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. (Tvpes of the species.) 

d. 5 ad. sk. Eorainia, Brit. Guiana (Whitely), Sclater Coll. 
33. Thamn.ophi.lus caerulescens. 
Batara negro y aplomado, Azara, Apuni. ii. p. 199. 
Thamnophilus caerulescens, Vie ill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 311; id. Mic. 
Meth. p. 743 (tf); Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 174; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 70; Salv. Ibis, 1880, p. 3G0 (rep. Arg.); White, P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 614 (rep. Arg.); Bert. J.f.O. 1887, p. 119 (Paraguay); Scl. et 
Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 204. 
Thamnophilus auratus, VieUL Nouv, Diet, iii, p. 312; id.~Enc.Meth. 

p. 743 ($). 
Thamnophilus pileatus, Scl. Edinb. Phil. Joiirn. n. s. i. p. 245 ($) ; 
id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 213; Barm. SijsU Ueb. iii. p. 95. 
Thamnophilus maculatus, Lafr. Hev. Zool. 1853, p. 339; Sclater, 
Fdinb. Phil. Jour. n. s. i. p. 246 ( J). 
Thamnophilus ventralis, 
Sclater, Edinb. Phil. Jour. n. s. i. p. 244 
(c?). 

Erionotus caerulescens, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 15. 

Above cinereous; cap and nape black; interscapulium with a 
white basal spot and mixed with black; wings black, edged with 
white ; upper tail-coverts black, with slight white terminal spots ; 
tail black, broadly tipped with white, and with a broad white bar 
on the outer rectrix, which is sometimes confluent with- the white 
tip : beneath cinereous, middle of belly and crissum white; bill 
and feet blackish: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2-5. 
Female similar, but fulvous-brown above, and markings less distinct: 
beneath deep fulvous, paler on the throat. 

Hab. Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. 

This is the most southern representative of the group of T7i. ncevius. 
It may be known by the greater extent of the white bar on the 
outer rectrix, and the white belly of the adult male. 

a. $ ad. sk.
b, c. S S ad. sk. 
Uruguay. 
S.E. Brazil. 
Alan Peel [C.J. 
Sclater Coll. 
d, e. (S ? ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk.
g, h. (S ad. sk. 
Misiones, Arg. Eep. ( White). 
Buenos Ayres. 
Salta, Arg. Eep. 
Sclater Coll. 
H. Durnford [C.l 
H. Durnford [C.]. 

201 

3 . THAMNOPTCILUS. 
34. Thamnophilus maculatus. 
Thamnophilus 
maculatus, d'Orb. et Lafr. 8yn. Av. i. p. 11; d'Orb. 
Voi/. Ots. p. 172 ; Berl. et Jhering, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1855, p. 117. 
"Thanmoplnlus naevius, var. gilvigaster, Temm." Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 70. 
Similar to T. ccerukscem, but with, tho belly and flanks more or 
less fulvous in both sexes. 

Hob. South-eastern Brazil. 

I follow Graf v. Borlepsch in allowing this species to bo possibly 

distinct from Th. cceruleseens, but I have not a sufficient series to 
clear up the point satisfactorily. As regards White's specimens 
from Misiones, which he refers to this species, I could not venture 
to separate them from T. carulescens. 

a, b. § ad. sk. Pelotas, Kio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 

c. <$ ad. sk. Brazil (Sello, Mus. Berol). Sclater Coll. 
d. J ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
35. Thamnophilus cinereiceps. 
Thamnophilus cinereiceps, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 77,145. 
Above cinereous; head cinereous, with faint blackish centres to 

the feathers; interscapulium mixed with black, and with a large 

basal patch of white; wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail black, 

margined and tipped with white ; bar across the outer web of the 

outer rectrix white : beneath rather paler, whitish on the middle of 

the belly: under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 

white ; bill and feet blackish: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2*6, 

tail 1*8. Female similar, but interscapulium washed with brown, 

and whole head, neck, and breast chestnut-rufous. 

Hah. Eio Negro district of Amazonia. 

The cinereous cap of the male and chestnut head and neck of 

the female readily distinguish this species. 

a, b.$ 2 ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c, d. <$ $ ad.j e.<$ jr.sk. 0\apoc; Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

36. Thanmophilus ambiguus. 
Thamnophilus nosvius, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 316; id. JSnc. MStk. 
p. 747 ; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 338. 
Thamnopliilus ambiguus, Siu. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 91 (1825) ; Sclater, 

Edmb. Phi. Jour. n. s. i. p. 245; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 213 (S.E. 

Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 173; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 76; Scl. 

et Salv. Nomencl. p. 70. 

Thamnophilus nigricans, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1006 (1831); Burm, 

8yst. Ueb. iii. p. 96; JEuler, J.f. 0.1867, pp. 194, 402 (Brazil). 
Thamnophilus ferruginous, &v. Zool. Jour. ii. j. 92 (J)? 
Erionotus ambiguus, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 15. 

202 
rOEMICAKIIDiE. 

Above cinereous, cap and nape black : intcrscapulhim mixed with 
black, and with a white basal blotch ; wings, upper tail-coverts, 
and tail black, margined and tipped with white; all the tail-feathers 
with a white &pot on both webs : beneath cinereous, whitish on the 
middle of the belly and crissum; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white ; bill and feet pdumbeous : whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2*3. Female. Above brownish; 
head and interscapulium rufous ; w7ings and tail rufescent, margined 
and tipped with white as in male, but without the white spots on the 
reel rices, except in the outer pair, where they are faintly visible. 

JIah. South-east Brazil. 
The spotted tail-feathers at once distinguish this species from all 


its allies. 
a,b. J ad.; cf d. $ Bahia, Brazil (Wticherer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. Baliia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/> g* d $ ad. sk.
h, i. $ 5 ad. sk.
j , k. tf ad. &k. 
Rio de Janeiro. 
Chapada, Matto Grosso,
Brazil (if. II. Smith). 
S.E. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
7. <S ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
m. d ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 

SECT. E. Of smaller size; head more or less crested and black; 
wings black with white edgings; tail with white tip. (Group 
of Th. civrliatus.) 

Key to the Species. 

A. Middle of belly white. 
a. 
Cap black, different from back. 
a'. Back brown. 
a". Nape grey or whitish. 
#'". Back duller rufous. 
j Tail not barred 37. tirrkatus, p. 202. 
) Tail barred 88. crislatns, p. 203. 

b'n. Back brighter rufous 89. ptdcheUus, p. 204. 
b". Nape broadly white 40. albinuchahs, p. 204, 
b'. Back blackish 41. loreto-yaatensis, p. 205. 

b. Back black like cap 
42. melanonotus, p. 205. 
B. 
Middle of belly white with black cross 
bars 43. aspersiventrk, p. 20G. 
37. Thamnophilus cirrhatus. 
Pie-grieche hupSe du Canada, Buff. PI. Enl 479. fig. 2. 
Lanius canadensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 134 (£). 
Lanius atricapillus, G?n. 8. N. i. p. 302(?). 
Le Fourmilier liuppS, Buff. Hist. Nat. iv. p. 476. 
Turdus cirrliatus, Gm. S.'N. i. p. 826. 
Lanius pileatus, Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 76. 
Tyrannus atricapillus, Vieill. Ois. de VAm. Sept L p. 78, pi. 48 (<$). 
Tyrannus canadensis, Vieill. Ois. de VAm. Sept. i. p. 79, pi. 49. 
Tharnnophilus cirrhatus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 687. 


203 

3. TnAMNornii/us. 
Thamnopliilus atricapillus, Sclater, Edinb, Phil Jovm. n. s. i. p. 210; 
id. P. £. & 18/38, p. 215; id. Cat. A. II p. 174; Taylor, Ibis, 18(54, 

p. 85 (Trinidad); Pefo, Or/?. Mm\ p. 75 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1808, 
pp. 108, 028 (Venezuela); iid. Isomenel p. 70; FinscJi, P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 508 (Trinidad); 2ter/. Ibis, 1881, p. 244; itafyw. I>. r/. 
& 2V. Af. Tii. p. 173 (Trinidad); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. 
Guiana). 
ITypolophus cirrhatus, Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. 10. 
Thanmophilus leucauchen, Scl P. Z. S. 1855, p. 18, pi. 70, et 1858, 

p. 21(5; id. Edinb. Phil Jour. n. A. i. p. 241; id. Cat. A. 7>\ 
p. 174; Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 70 (?). 
Above groy, back strongly waslied with brownish ; crested head 
black; wings black, secondaries and coverts broadly edged with 
while; tail black, with white tips to the tail-featheis, and a white 
spot on the outer web of the outer rectrix: beneath greyish white ; 
white in the middle of the belly; sides of head, throat, neck, and 
middle of the breast black; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of wing-feathers white ; bill black : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, 
tail 2*2. Female. Above like the male, but head bright rufous: 
beneath pale fulvous-brown, throat and breast striated with black; 
middle of belly whitish. 

Ifab. Cayenne, Venezuela, and Trinidad. 

Some of the Venezuelan specimens diverge towards Ph. pulehellus, 
and I am now inclined to believe that the two skins (erroneously 
stated to be from Chamicuros, E. Peru) upon which I founded TK 
leucauchen are referable to this form of Tli. cirrhatus (cf. v. Bcrlepsch, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 245). 

a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 

o. S ad. sk-Quonga, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ 
ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll. 
(Schlilter). 
e> (S ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll. 
(Moeschle?'). 
/ . d ad. sk. Pilar, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, k <$ ad.; i. $ Trinidad. Gould Coll. 
ad. sk. 
/. <$ ad.sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
k, 16 ? ad. sk. Eio Neoro (?). Sclater Coll. 

(Types of Th. leucauchen.) 
9)i. (S ad. sk. South America. Sah iii-Godman Coll. 

n. S ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Purchased. 
o. $ ad. &t. Trinidad. Gould Coll. 
p, J ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
q. <$ ad. fat. S. America. Purchased. 
38. Thamnopliilus cristatus. 
Thamnopliilus cristatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1002; Burm. Syst. TJeb. 
iii. p. 97; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 215 ; Berl. Ibis, 1881, p. 245. 
Ilypolophus cristatus, Cab. et llein. Mm. Jlein. ii. p. 10. 
Lanius pcecilurus, Cuv. in Mus. Paris; Picch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii, 
p. 331, pi. 17. lag, 2. 
204 FOEMICA.EIIM. 

Similar to Th. cirrhatus, but the tail crossed by numerous rows 

of white spots. 

llab. S.E. Brazil. 

I have examined the specimen of this curious species at Paris. 

39. Thamnophilus pulchellus. " 
Ilypolophus pulchellus, Cab. et Ifein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 16 (Carta


gena). 

Thamnophilus pulchellus, Berl. Ibis, 1881, p. 245. 

Thamnophilus leucauchen, Salv. et Godtn. Ibis, 1880, p. 171 (Santa 

Marta). 

Similar to Th. cirrhatus, but whole back of a lighter brighter 
brown; flanks suffused with rufous, and outer web of outer rectrix 
white, confluent with the white extremity. 

Hab. Northern littoral of Colombia. 

a. (S ad. sk. Valencia, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. $ $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
<?. cJ ad. sk. N. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. d ad. sk. Baranquilla, CJ. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
40. Thamnophilus albinuchalis. (Plate XIV.) 
Thamnophilus albinuchalis, ScL P. Z. S. 1855, p. 18 (Ecuador), 
et 1858, p. 216 ; ScL et Said. NomencL p. 70 ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. 

Y. k. p. 236 (Pima I.); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 324 (N. Peru), 
et 1880, p. 201 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 14 j Berl. Ibis, 1881, 
p. 245. 
Ilypolophus albinuchalis, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 16. 
Above light brown; nape and sides of neck white ; crested head 
black; wings blackish, secondaries and coverts broadly edged with 
white, primaries margined with brown; tail black, broadly tipped 
with white, and with a broad white band on the outer web of the 
outer rectrix: beneath white, sides of head, throat, and middle of 
upper breast black; flanks grey; under wing-coverts and inner 
margins of wing-feathers white; bill and feet black: whole length 
6-5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2-5. Female. Above brown; nape 
ochraceous ; head and tail chestnut; wings blackish, margined with 
whitish and rufous: beneath pale ochraceous. 

Hob. "Western Ecuador and N.W. Peru. 

This is quite a distinct species, easily recognizable by its larger 
size, stronger bill, the conspicuous white nape, and the different 
coloration of the female. 

a. d ad. sk. Guyaquil. Kellett & "Wood [C.l 
b. $ jr. sk. Guyaquil. Kellett& Wood [C.l. 
c. d. <$ $ ad. sk. Puna Island, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 
e. 3 ad.; /. <$ Puna Island, Ecuador. G. Barclay [0.]. 
jr. sk. 
g, A. d $ ad. sk. Puna Island, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 

3 . TEAMNOMULUS. 
i. S ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru {Jelslci). Relator Coll. 
/. 6 ad. sk. S. America. Evton Coll. 
h. ? ad. sk. S. America. 
El Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
41. Thamnophilus loreto-yacuensis. 
Tliamnopkilus 
loreto-yacuensis, Bartiett, P. Z. #. 1882. p. 374 (E. 
Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 13. 
Tkamnopliilus atricapillua, Sol. et Bah. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 185, et 1873, 

p. 273. 
Above dark grey mixed with blackish; crested head black; 
wings black, margined with white; tail black, tipped with white, 
and with a white bar on the outer web of the outer rectrix : beneath 
greyish mixed with white; sides of head, throat, neck, and line 
down the middle of the breast black ; bill and feet black; under 
wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white: whole 
length 6 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-6. Female similar to that of Th. 
cirrhatus. 
Hab. Upper Amazonia. 
Similar to Th. cirrJiatus, but distinguished by its blackish back. 


a. S 
ad. sk. Loreto-yacu, E. Peru (Haux Sclater Coll. \ 
well). 
b. <$ ad. sk. Loreto-yacu, E. Peru (Ilaitx-Purchased. JJg J 
well). 
sl)ecies

c. d. $ $ ad. sk. Loreto-yacu, E. Peru (Ilaitx-Salvin-God-well). 
man Coll. j 
e, S ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 

42. Thamnophilus melanonotus. 
Thanmophilus melanonotus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 19, pi. 80, et 
1858, p. 216 (Santa Marta); id. Edinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. I. p. 242; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 175 j Sol. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 70. 

Above, head, neck, and upper back black, with a largo white 
basal blotch on the interscapulars; rump grey, upper tail-coverts 
black, with broad white ends; wings black, with broad white 
margins to the coverts and secondaries; tail black, with broad 
white ends to the outer and narrower white ends to the middle 
rectrices, and a white bar on the outer web of the outer pair: 
beneath, throat, neck, and breast black, belly white with a greyish 
tinge; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3, tail 
2*6, Female. Above brown ; cap blackish ; wing-coverts and outer 
secondaries broadly edged with pale fulvous; tail dark rufous; 
outer margins of external rectrices and tips of others pale fulvous: 
beneath cinnamomeous, throat whitish. 

Hab. N. littoral of Colombia and Venezuela. 

This species is apparently allied to the group of Th. cirrhatus, 
but has a shorter crest, and the upper surface uniform black down 
to the middle of the back. 

206 
POftMICARIID^. 

a. 6 
ad. bk. Santa Marta, U. S. 0. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of tlie species.) 
b. $ ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
43. TbamuopMlus aspersiventris. 
Tlmmnopliilus 
aspersiventris, Zafr, et cVOvb. Syn. Av. i. p. 10; 
d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 171, pi. iv. figs. 1 c?? 2$ (err. sub nom. Thaninopliilo 
schistaceo) ; Lafr. Eev. Zool. 1844, p. 83; Sclater, Edinb. 
Phil. Jour. n. a. i. p. 242; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, et 1858, p. 217; 
id. Oat. A. B. p. 175; Bp. Consp. i. p. 198; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 70; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 623 (Bolivia). 
Above black, with, a largo basal blotch of white on the inter


scapulars ; rump greyish • wings black, bend of wing and margins 

of coverts white; wing-end brownish; tail black, with white end 

and a white bar on the outer web of the outer rectrix: beneath, 

throat and neck black ; belly greyish white, with, numerous black 

cross bars; under 
surface of wings white; bill ard feet black: 

whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2'Q. Female. Above greyish 

olive with a slight rufous tinge; wing-coverts black, margined with 

white: tail blackish, with white end and white bar on the outer 

rectrix : beneath, throat and breast as above ; abdomen and under 

wing-coverts clear yellowish fulvous. 

Rah. Bolivia. 

The narrow black cross bars on the belly at once distinguish this 

species. The crest is quite short. 

a,b. S 2 a<i.; Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. (S jr. hk. (Buckley). 
d. 
§ ad. sic. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclater Coll. 
(Buckley). 
e. S 
ad.; /,//. Simacu, Boliua (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
h. 6 ad. &k. Bolivia (Deville). 
Sclater Coll. 
SECT. F. Of smaller size; plumage more or less barred with black 
and white. (Group of Th. doliatus.) 


Key to the Species. 

A. Barred above and (more or less) beneath. 
a. Cap black, with a white basal blotch .. 44. doliatu$) p. 207. 
b. Cap uniform black. 
a'. Black and white bars beneath about 
equal. 
| Outer rectriees banded on both 
J webs 
45. nigricristatus, p. 209. 

I Outer rectriees not banded on 

[ inner webs 
46. capistratm, p. 209. 

b'. White beneath predominant. 
I Bars on middle of belly narrow ,. 47. radiatus, p. 210. 
j Bars on middle of belly obsolete . 48. albicans, p. 210. 

3. THAMNOPHILUS. 
'207 
c'. Black beneath predominant 41). tenuipunctatus, p. 211. 
c. Cap barred like the back 50. multistriatas, p. 211. 
B. Not barred above. 
d. Beneath barred throughout. 
) Cap uniform black 51. palliatiis, p. 212. 
( Cap spotted with white 52. puncticeps, p. 212. 
e. Beneath only barred on breast. 
d'. Cap black 58. torquatus, p. 213. 
e. Cap rufous. 
I Belly white 54. rufwapillus, p. 213. 
(Belly barred with black' 55. subfasciatus, p. 214. 

44. Thamnophilus doliatus. 
Lanius doliatus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 130; (?m. & N. i. p. 309; Lath 

Ind. Orn. i. p. 80. 
Lanius rubiginosus, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. ii. ]). xix (§ ). 
Thamnophilus doliatus, Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 995; Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, 

p. 117 (Guatemala); Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 087; Scl. 
JEdinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. i. p. 235; id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 141 (Veragua), 
p. 295 (S. Mexico), 1858, pp. 217, 457, et 1859, pp; 57, 383 
(Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 175; Barm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 98; 
Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 17; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 118 
(Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 575 (L. Amazons), et 1808, pp. 
168, 627 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 70; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y 
vii. p. 293 (Panama), et ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica;; Cab. J. f. O. 
1861, p. 242 (Costa Rica); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 (Trinidad) ; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 144 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (Brit. 
Guiana) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1809, p. 305 (Costa Rica); Imseh, 
P. Z. S.1870, p. 5Q8 (Trinidad); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 387 (Para); 
Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 450 (Yucatan); 
Nutting, P. 1% 8. N. M. vi. pp. 385, 405 (Nicaragua); Ilidyw. 
P. U. 8. N. M. ix. p. 156 (Mexico). 
Thamnophilus capistratus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 78 (P). 
Thamnophilus rutilus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 117 (Guatemala), $ . 
Thamnophilus affinis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 17 (Mexico); 
Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 288 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 175 ; Lawr,. Ann. Lyc. 

N. Y. viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), et ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica), p. 201 
(N. Yucatan); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 355 (Panama), et 
1870, p. 837 (Honduras); Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, p. 305 (Costa 
Rica). 
Thamnophilus 
doliatus affinis, Nutting, P. U. 8. N. 31. v. p. 397 
(Costa Rica). 
Thamnophilus intermedins, Ridgiu. P. U. 8. N. M. x, p. 581 (Honduras). 


Above black, with numerous white cross bands; head black, with 
a large basal patch of white; tail black, all the rectrices with white 
bars on both webs ; beneath as above, but white bands more predominant 
in some specimens; bill plumbeous: whole length 5*5 
inches, wing 3, tail 2*5. Female. Above clear ferruginous; nape 
and sides of head fulvous-white, striated with black : beneath fulvous, 
lighter on the belly ; throat with indistinct black striations. 

Hah. S. Mexico and Control America down to Panama,Yenezuelay 
Trinidad, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia. 

208 
EOKMICAMID2E. 

Lanius doliatus of Linnasus was based on the Cayenne bird, from 
which I find it difficult to separate the Central-American form 
(Th. ajfinis) on satisfactory grounds, though there seems to be a break 
in its distribution between Panama and Venezuela. 

«. 6 jr. ? &• ? 

ad. sk. 

c. d. ad, sk. 
d. <$ ad. sk. 
e. d ad. sk. 
/. $ ad. sk. 
g. $ ad. sk. 
h. $ ad. sk. 
i. $ ad.; /. $ ad.; 
&. tf jr. sk. 
I. <$ ad.sk. 
m. 2 ad. sk. 
w. <$ ad. sk. 
o, ^. $ ad sk. 

y. c? jr. sk. 
r, cJ jr. sk. 
s. c? ad. sk. 
t. 
3 jr. sk. 
w. $ ad. sk. 
v. (? ad.; 
w9 x. 5 
ad. sk. 
y, z. 6 2 ad. sk. 
rc'. tf jr. sk. 
V, c'. 6 2 ad. sk. 

d', e'. S 2 ad. sk. 
/ . <J ad. sk. 

/ . c? ad. sk. 

ti. 2 ad- sk. 

i\ 
/. cJ 2 ad. sk. 

fc'.cjjr.jr.s 

acl. sk. 
w&', w'. (J 2 ad. sk. 
o\ 2 ad. sk. 

p\ 6 jr. sk. 

§-', ?•'. tf ad. sk. 

6''. <$ jr. st. 

*'. Skeleton. 

S. Mexico. 
Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Cozumel I., N. Yucatan 


{Gaumer). 
Northern Yucatan {Gaumer). 
Meco I., N.Yucatan {Gaumer). 
Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon


duras (Blancaneaux). 
British Honduras. 
Guatemala. 


Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). 
Duenas, Guatemala {Salvin). 
Sources of Rio de la Pasion, 

Vera Paz {Salvin). 
Chisec, Vera Paz {Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz {Salvin). 
Savana Grande, Guatemala 

(Salvin), 

Escuintla road, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 

Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala 

(Salvin). 

San Pedro, Honduras 

(Whitely). 

Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica 

(Arce). 

San Mateo, Costa Rica 

(Carmiol). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). 
Carupano, Venezuela (Goer


ing). 

Trinidad. 
Georgetown, Denierara 


(Brown). 

Georgetown, Demerara 

(Brown). 

Demerara. 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 

Island of Marajo. Amazons 
(Wallace). 
Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace), 


Brazil. 

S. America. 
Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 

J. Gould, Esq. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Gould Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll, 
Sclater Coll. 

Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Eyton Coll. 

209 

3. TiuMJsroruiLtrs. 
45. Thamuopliilns nigricristatns. 
Tlianmophilus radiatus, Sol el tialv. 1\Z. S. J 8(14, p. 355 (Panama); 
1800, p. 185,1807, pp. 570,078,187tf, p. 27^3, et 1870, p. 1(5 (Peru) j 
liil Nomencl. p. 70 (part.); Sain. 1>. Z. tf. 1870, p. 104 (Voratriia); 
Tacz. P. Z. & 1874, p. 529 (0. Pom); id Orn. Fir. ii. p. 20 j Berl. 

J. f. 0. 1887, pp. 17, 110 (Paraguay). 
Similar to Th. doliatus, but cap black, or with a fow white feathers 

intermixed. 
Flab. Panama, Colombia, and Amazonia. 
This black-headed form appears to replace the true T. doliatus in 


the above-mentioned localities, but many specimens (particularly 
those from Panama and Yoragua) are intermediate. It is by no 
moans a well-defined species. 


a. Subsp. tijpicm. 
a, b. $ J ad. sk. 
Mina de Chorclia, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(./im*). 
c, d. $ $ ad. sk. Chitra, Yeragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
e,f. cT?ad.5 //. Parai&o Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 


<$ jr. sk. Panama (Hughes). 
k, i. S 2 act. sk. Panama (MoLeannan). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 


j. (S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Panama (Hides). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. S ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
m, n. c? ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b. Subsp. subradiatus. 
o, p. $ $ ad. sk. 
Nauta, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 

q. $ act. sk. 
Nauta, Peru. E. Bartlett [0.]. 
-r. $ jr. sk. Sarayacu, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
s. (S ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haiwwelt). Salun-Godman Coll. 
t, it. $ 2 a<h &fc« R. Ucayali (Ilauxwell). Gould Coll. 
i), w. <s 2 a<-h ak* E. Peru (Farris). Sclater Coll. 
^', //. d1 2 ach s^'-E. Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. 
^ ad. sk. River Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
Chapada, Matto Gros&o (II. II. Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
a',b'. <S 2 a(h s^


Smith). 

46. Thamnopliilns capistratus. 
Tlianmophilus radiatus, Spuf Av. Bras. ii. p. 24, pi. oo. fig. 2 c?, 
pi. iiS. fig. 1 2 J J#«. Orn. Bras. p. 78 (P). 

Thamnophilus capistratus, La.fr. Hev. Zool. 1840, p. 226; ScL Fdinb. 
Phil. Jour. n. s. i. p. 236; 'id. IK Z. 8.1858, p. 218 (Brazil); ill 
Cat. A. B. p. 175 ; ScL et Salv. Nomencl p. 70. 

Above white, with numerous black cross bands; crested head 
pure black: beneath similar, but white spaces more predominant; 
VOL. XV, P 


 FOEMIOARIIBiE. 

tail mostly black, with white bars on the outer webs only, except 
at the ends and in the middle pair: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3*2, tail 2*7. Female. Above rufous: beneath white, with 
slight black bars (Spicu). 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

I have only males of this species before mc. If Spix is correct, 
the female corresponds rather with that of T. albicans than with 
that of T. doliatus. 

a. c? ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. 6 ad. sk. S E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c. d. $ ad, sk.
e. (S ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). 
S.E. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Gould Coll. 

47. Thamnophilus radiatus. 
Batara listado, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 19G. 
Thanmophilus radiatus, VieilL Nouv. Diet, iii. p. 315; Scl. Edinb. 
Fhil Jour. n. s. i. p. 237; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 218 j id. Cat 

A. B. p. 175; Scl. et Salv. Nommcl p. 70; Berl. J. f. 0. 1887, 
p. 17. 
Thanmophilus doliatus, JDarw. Zool. Voy. i Beagle.] iii. p. 58 (Uruguay); 
a Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 168; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 623. 
Above black, with white cross bands ; cap black: beneath white, 
with narrow black cross bands; middle of belly nearly white; tail 
black, with white cross bands on both webs : whole length 6 inches, 
wing 3, tail 2*6. Female. Above ferruginous red; sides of head 
and nape pale fulvous, with black striations : beneath pale fulvouswhite. 
Bab. Paraguay and Bolivia. 

As shown by Graf v. Berlepsch (I. s. c.) this appears to be the 
truo T. radiatus of Vieillot, most nearly allied to T. albicans of 
Colombia. 

a, b. ($2 ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 

48. Thanmophilus albicans. 
Thanmophilus 
albicans, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 82; Scl. P. Z. S. 
1855, p- 148 (Bogota); Scl. et Salv. Nommcl. p. 70. 

Above black, with regular broad white cross bands; cap black; 
tail black, with white bars on both webs throughout: beneath 
white, with narrow black cross bands, except in the middle of the 
breast and belly: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*5. 
Female. Above chestnut-red, with faint indications of blackish bars 
on the neck and rump: beneath dirty white, narrowly barred across 
with black; tail unifoim chestnut. 
Mab. Colombia. 

The amount of white barring varies slightly in different individuals 
; but this species has always most white beneath of all 
the group. 

3 . TfiLAMNOrilTLUS. 
211 

a, b, c. <$ ad.; Bogota. Selator ColL 
d. ? ad. sk. 
e. (S ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll. 
/ . ? ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
g. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll, 

49. Jhamnophilus tenuipuixctatiLS. 
Thamnophilus tenuipiractatus, Lafr. JR. Z. 1853, p. 339 (Colombia) ; 
Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 219 (Bogota) ; Sol. et Scl Nomencl p. 70; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 29 (N.E. Peru): Tacz. et Perl. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 99 (Ecuador). 

Thamnophilus berlepschi, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 22. 

Above black, with fine more or less incomplete white cross bands 
except on head, which is uniform black: beneath black, transversely 
banded with white bars; throat black, more or less striated with 
whito ; tail black, with narrow white bars on both webs of all the 
feathers; bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 2*9, 
tail 2-6. 

Hob. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
The black very much predominates in this species, and renders it 
easily recognizable. 

a. (S jr. st,
b. c? ad. sk.
c-f. <$ ad. sk.
c/". $ ]\\ sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
A. <$ "ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
j . $ ad. sk.
7c. $ ad. sk.
I $ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Jima, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Chirimoto, Peru (Slohnami). 
Iluayapampa, Peru (Gartopp). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. ( 
Sclater Coll. j 
(Th. berlepschi) Tacz.) 

50. ThamuopMlus multistriatus. 
Thamnophilus multistriatus, Lafr. Pev. Zool 1844, p. 82; Scl. Fdinb. 
Phil Journ. n. s. i. p. 238; id P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, et 1858, p. 219 
(Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. 175; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 
(Colombia); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 70 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 524 
(Aatioquia); Perl J.f. 0. 1884, p. 307 (Bucaramanga).^ 

Thamnophilus 
teimifasciatus, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 4G8 
(Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 21 (E. Peru) ? 

Above, including* the head, black with narrow transverse bands 
of white : wings and tail similar, but the white bands more distinct 
and further apart: beneath whito, with numerous black cross bands ; 
bill plumbeous; feet black: whole length 6-3 inches, wing 2-S, 
tail 2*8. Female. Above chestnut-red, with slight blackish striations 
on the nape: beneath white, transversely barred with black. 

Hah. Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 
Not quite so dark as the last species, and with the head barred 
liko the back. 
P2 

212 FOKMICABIIDJB. 

a, b. tf ad.; c, d, e. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

? ad.; / . tf jr. sk. 
g, h. tfad.sk. Bogota. Gould Coll. 
\j. tf $ ad.; k tf Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

'jr. sk. 
I tf ad.; m. $ ad.sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
n,o. tfjad.sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U.S. 0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Salmon). 

p. ? ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Sal- Sclater Coll. 
mon). 
a, tf ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia, Salvin-Godman Coll, 


U. S. C. (Salmon). 
r. $ ad. sk. Colombia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll 
51. Thamnophilus palliatus. 
Lanius palliatus, Lieht. Boubl. p. 46 (1823). 
Thaninophilus palliatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1010; cFOrb. Voy., Ois. 


p. 174; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 99; Scl Edinb. Phil. Jour. n. s. 
i. p. 239; id. P. Z. S. 18-38, p. 219; id. Cat A. B. p. 17C ; Pelz. 
Orn. Bras. p. 78; Cab. et Hem. Mas. liein. ii. p, 17; Scl. et Salu. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 576 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 70 ; Eider, 
J. f. 0. 1868, p. 189 (Brazil); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 368 (Para); 
Titcz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 530 (0. Peru); id. 0>n. Per. ii. p. 17 (?) ; 
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (N.E. Brazil). 
Tlianmophilus lineatus, Sjrix, AD. Bras. ii. p. 24, pi. 33 (tf et $) 

(1825); Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 171. 
Thamnophilus fasciatus, Siu. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 88. 
Thamnophilus badius, Sio, Orn. Br. pis. G5tf,66%. 


Above, including wings and tail, dark chestnut; cap black ; nape 

mixed with white : beneath black, with narrow transverse bars of 

white; bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 8, tail 2-6. 

Female similar, but cap chestnut like the back, and flanks slightly 

rufesccnt. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. £ ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. § ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (JVallace). Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
c. tf ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
d. e. tf ad. sk, Pemambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-G odman Coll. 
fj(/. tf Jad.&k. Bahia, Brazil (Wttcherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
'hji. tf $ ad.sk. Novo Pribourgo, Rio Janeiro, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Touds). 
/. tf ad. sk. llio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy?wr). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. tf ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
/, m. tf $ ad. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
sk. 


n. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 
52. ThamnopMlus ptmcticeps. 
Taamnopliilus palliatus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 623 (Bolivia). 
Similar to T. palliatus, but cap mixed with white striations, and 
lower surface with the black bands narrower and white bands more 

213 

3 . TnAMNOPHHXTS. 
distinct; flanks somewhat rufoscont: whole length C inches, wing 3, 
tail 2-7. 
Hob. Bolivia and Ecuador. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.) 
(Buckley). (Types 
b. $ 
ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclater Coll. > of the 
(Buckley). species.) 
c. S ad.sk. Consati,Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.J 
(I 
Sjr.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 

53. Thamnophilus torquatus. 
Tliamnophilus torquatus, Siv. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 89; Scl. JEdinb. Phil. 
Jour. n. s. i. p. 239 ; id. P. Z. S. 18-58, p. 220 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 176; 
Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 79; Scl. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 70 ; iid. V. Z. S. 
1879, p. 028 (Bolivia); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (N.E. Brazil). 

Lanius scalaris, Zicht. in Mus. Berol. 
Tliamnophilus scalaris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 999; Burm. J. f. 0.1860, 


p. 251 (rep. Arg.); Fuler, J.f. 0. 18G7, p. 194, et 18*08, p. 190 
(Brazil). 
Thamnophilus atropileus, Lafr. et J! Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 11; dVOrb. 
Voy., Ois. p. 173. 
Thamnophilus pectoralis, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 283. 
Rhopockares torquatus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 17. 

Above cinereous; interscapulium washed with brown; wings 
rufous; cap black; tail black, with broad white bars on both webs: 
beneath white, breast transversely barrccl with black • flanks dusky; 
inner margins of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill plumbeous; feet 
black : whole length 5-7 inches, wing 2'5, tail 2*4. Female. Above 
similar, but cap and tail rufous : beneath pale fulvous-white, without 
bars. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Pemambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. (S $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wnchcrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Goald Coll. 
/, g. J $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
h. <S ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
t,j. <$ ? ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
kl d ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
/, m. 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
54. ThamnopMlns ruficapillus. 
Batara acanelado, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 205. 

Thamnophilus ruficapillus, Tieill. Nouv. Bid. iii. p. 318 (1816) ; id. 
Enc. M6th. p. 748; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 14 ; Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 79; 
Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 149 ; Scl. et Iluds. Arg. 
Orn. i. p. 204; Berl J.f O. 1887, p. 120 (Paraguay). 

Rhopochares argentinus, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 17. 
Thamnophilus argentinus, Burm. La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 472; Scl. et 
Salv. P. Z.S. 1868, p. 141 (rep. Arg.); iid. Nomencl p. 70 $ Hud


214 
FOKMICARIIBiE. 

son. P. Z. S, 18707 p. 113 (Buenos Ayres) ; Dtirnford, Ibis, 1877, 

p. 183, et 1878, p. 62 (Buenos Ayres); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 014 
(rep. Arg.); Barroivs, Auk, 1885, p. 21 (Entrerios); Gibson, Ibis, 
1885, p. 281 (Uruguay). 
Above cinereous; interscapulium, wings, and centre tail-feathers 

brownish ; cap rufous; lateral tail-feathers black, with white cross 

bars on the inner webs, outer webs brownish: beneath dirty white, 

with numerous narrow but distinct black cross bars on the breast; 

under wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill plumbeous; feet black : whole 

length 6 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-6. Female. Above like the male, 

but whole tail pale rufous : beneath pale fulvous, with faint indica


tions of cross bars on the breast. 

Hah. Paraguay, Uruguay, and La Plata. 

This species is allied to T. torquatits, but distinguishable by its 

rufous head and the different colour of the tail. 

a, b. <$ Jad.sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres {Hudson). Sclater Coll. 

c, S ad. sk. Las Conchas, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.]. 

d* c? ad, sk. La Plata. 
Bravard [C.]. 

55. Thamnophilus subfasciatus. 
Tkamnophilus 
subfasciatus, 8cl et 8alv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 357, 
pi. xxxiii., et 1879, p. 623 (Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 201 

(N. Peru) -, id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 18. 
Above cinereous; upper back with a slight olivaceous tinge ; cap 
and edgings of wings rufous : beneath cinereous; breast and middle 
of abdomen white, distinctly barred with black; tail black, lateral 
rectrices barred with white on the inner webs; under wing-coverts 
cinnamomeous: whole length 5'5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-6. Female. 
Above brownish ; cap, edgings of wings, and tail rufous: beneath 
deep ochraceous. 

Hah. Bolivia. 
Similar to 1\ mificajnttits, but lower belly strongly barred, and 
the black bars closer and more distinct. 

a, b. cS 5 ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

4, BIATAS. 

Type. 

Biastes, MeicJienb. Handb. p. 175 (1853) B. nigropectus, 

Biatas, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 19 (1859).... B. nigropectus. 

This singular form was originally described by Lafresnayo as a 
Dendrocolaptine bird—an error which its style of plumage easily 
accounts for. But the structure of the bill and feet shows that it 
belongs to the Formicariidm, though abnormal in coloration; and 
this is probably its best position. It is peculiar to S.E. Brazil. 

5 . THAMNISTES. 
215 

1. Biatas nigropectus. 
Anabates nigropectus, Lafr.Rcv. Zool. 1850, p. 107, pi. 1. fig. 3. 
Biastes nigropectus, Eeichb. Handh. p. 175 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 74 j 
Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 84. 
Biatas nigropectus, Cab. et Heine, Mas. Hein. ii. p. 19 j Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 1/G; Scl. et Salv. Namend p. 70. 
Head of Biatas nigropectus. 

Above reddish brown; cap black, encircled by a narrow nuchal 
band of buffy white; wing-coverts, margins of remiges, and tail 
clear rufous: beneath brown; chin white; large pectoral shield 
black: whole length 6*8 inches, wing 3-2, tail 3. Female similar, 
but head chestnut-brown and without the pectoral patch *. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
a. S ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. c? ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. South America. Sclater Coll. 

5. THAMNISTES.t 
Type. 
Thamnistes, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 299 , T. anabatinus. 

Structure of Thamnistes anabatinus. 

* Cf. Pelzeln, op. cit. I have never seen a female of this species. 
t See also T. rufe&cens, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. C5; Tacz. P. Z. S 1874, n. 530; 
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 25 (Peru). 

216 
FOKMICARIIDiE. 

This form has also a somewhat Dendrocolaptine plumage, but the 
bill is more compressed and more strongly notched than in JBiatas. 
The two closely allied species are found in Central America and 
Ecuador. 

Key to the Species, 

A. Cap lighter, like back 1. anabatinus^ p. 216. 
B, Cap darker, rufescent 2. caquatorialis, p. 216. 
1. Thamnistes anabatinns. 
Thamnistes 
anabatinus, Sclat. et Saiv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 299; iid. 
Ibis, I860, p. 899 (Guatemala); iid. Nomencl. p. 70; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 176; Laiur. Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica) j 
Frantz. J.f. 0. 1809, p. 305 (Costa Rica); Salving P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. 194 (Veragua). 
Above olivaceous brown, slight superciliary stripe pale ochra


ceous ; outer margins of wings rufous ; tail wholly palo chestnut; 

large concealed blotch on the interscapularies pale yellowish chest


nut, with a slight blackish edging: beneath paler, more olivaceous; 

bill plumbeous, beneath palo ; feet black: whole length 5*7 inches, 

wing 2-7, tail 2*2. Female similar, but without the basal spot on 

the interscapulars. 

If ah. Central America from Guatemala to Chiriqui. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Setloin). Salvin-Godman Coll. ( 

c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. j 
(Types of the species.) 
d. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz. 0. Salvin [C.]. 
<?. Ad. sk. Cajabon, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Samayoa, Vera Paz. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
fff h, i. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin [C.]. 
j. <S ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
k, 7. Ad. sk. Tacuriiqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salun-Godman Coll. 

m. $ ad. sk. Calo\evora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk. Bagaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Thamnistes seqnatorialis. 
Thamnistes 
oequatorialis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 580 (Ecuador) ; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 176 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 70. 

Like T. anabatinus, but darker above, and the cap rufous: whole 
length &5 inches, wing 2*9, tail 2*2. 

Ilab. Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll.) 
c. Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. j 
(Types of the species.) 
d. e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f>. PYGOPTILA. 217 

G. PYGOPTILA. 
Typo. 
Pygoptila, 8cl P. Z. S.1858, p. 220 P. maculipennis. 
Pygoptila, according to the present state of our knowledge, con


tains two Amazonian species with stout, strongly-hooked bills, and 
remarkable for their short tarsus, shortened tails, and the great 
development of the uropygial plumes. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Tail and tail-coverts unspotted 1. maeitlipennn, p. 217. 
B. Tail and tail-coverts with large white spots.. 2. margaritata, p. 217. 
1. Pygoptila maculipennis. 
Thamnophilus stellaris, 8clater: P. Z. 8, 1854, p. 112 (nee 8pLv). 
Thamnophilus maculipermis, Sclater, Edinb. Phil, Journ. n. s. i. p. 247 ; 
id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 05 (Rio Napo). 
Pvgoptila maculipennis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 220; id. Cat.A.B. 
"p. 176,- 8cl. et 8alv. P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 185, 1807, p. 750, et 1873, 

p. '273 \E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 70; Peh. Oni. Bras. p. 70; 
Cah. et Ifei?i. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 15; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 30 
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 26. 
Above plumbeous; head, upper back, and wing-coverts black; 
large blotch at the base of the iuterscapularics and small round 
apical spots on the wing-coverts white: beneath plumbeous; bill 
horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 5-3 inches, wing 3, tail 1*4. 
Female, Above greyish brown: front and sides of head brown; 
concealed interscapular blotch white; outer margins of wings 
rufous: beneath dirty brown; under wing-coverts and inner margins 
of wings pale rufous. 

Hal. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 

a. <$ ad. sk. * Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b, c. <$ J ad. sk. Yquitos, U. Amazons (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. cS $ acl. sk. Ohamicuros, E. Peru (Ilamwell). Gould Coll. 

/,</> 6 ? ad.sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartktt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
A, i. 8 $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [O.j. 
j, 7.\ $ ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. East Peru. Purchased. 

m. $ ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. 
n, o. $ jr., $ Rio Napo. Purchased. 
sk. 

2. Pygoptila margaritata. 
p. 253, pi. 71. 
id. 

, p. 177; UdO. et Mem. mus. juein. n. p. xo; 8cl. et 

Salv. P. Z. S.18G7, p. 750, et 1873, p. 273 (E. Peru); iid. Komenel, 

p. 70 ; Tacz. Orn. Per, ii. p. 27. 
218 
FORMICA RTIDiE. 

Above plumbeous; wings and tail black, all the wing-coverts, 
secondaries, lengthened tail-coverts, and tail-feathers terminated 
with large rounded spots of clear white: beneath paler plumbeous, 
whiter on the throat and middle of the belly; bill corneous; feet 
brown : whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1-2. Female. Above 
brown, wings and tail black, spotted as in the male, but spots 
fulvous : beneath paler, throat whitish. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia. 

a, b. <5 J ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. J ad. sk. E. Peru. 
Purchased. 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Xeberos, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Bartlett). 
e. 
$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Bartlett). 
f,g. 
$ ? ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons Gould Coll. 
(Hauxwell). 

7. NEOCTANTES. 
Type. 
Neoctantes, Scl. P. Z. S.1868, p. 572 N. niger. 

Head, wing, and foot of Neoctantes niger. (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 572.) 

This monotype is at once distinguishable by its upturned gonys 
and the uniform black coloration of the male, batterer met with 
it in the Rio Negro district, whence it seems to extend into 
Eastern Ecuador. 

1. Neoctantes niger. 
Xenops niger, Peh. Sitz. Ah. Wiss. Wien, xxxiv. p. Il l (1859). 
Pteroptochus niger, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 46. 
Neoctantes niger, Scl. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 571: Scl. et Salv. NomencL 


p. 71. 
8. CLTTOCTANTES.—-9. DYSITHAMNXJS. 21 0 
Uniform black, with a concealed white patch at the baso of the 
interscapularies; bill dark lead-colour, whitish beneath; feet black: 
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 21. Female similar, but with 
a largo pectoral patch of deep chestnut. 

Ilab. Eio Negro district and E. Ecuador. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Marabilanas, Eio Negro (Nat- Sclater Coll. 
terer). (Authentic specimen.) 
b, c. $ $ ad.; Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d,$ jr.sk. 

8. CLYTOCTANTES. 
Type. 
Clytoctantes, Flliot, P. Z, 8.1870, p. 242 0. alixi. 
This extraordinary bird seems to be an exaggerated form of 

NeoGtantes, distinguished by the greater development of the upturned 
bill and larger feet. Mr. Elliot describes it as from Ecuador, but 
the only specimen before me is a " Bogota skin." 

1. Clytoctantes alixi. 
Clytoctantes alixi, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 242, pi. xx. (Ecuador); 
8cL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 71. 

Upper part of head blackish; throat, ear-coverts, and upper broast 
intensely black; back and lower part of breast dark slate-colour, 
almost black; concealed white spot on interscapularies; bill leadcolour 
; feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2*7. Female, 
Brown; wings and tail blackish; front and sides of head and body 
beneath chestnut * concealed spot on interscapularies white: whole 
length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*4. 

Ilab. Ecuador and Colombia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. DYSITHAMNXJS*. 
Type. 
Dysithamnus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 223 (1847) D. guttulatus. 
This is merely a feeble form of T7iamnojp7iilus9 and it is difficult to 

decide to which of the two genera to refer some of the species. The 
more typical forms have a shorter tail. As hero considered, Dysithamnus 
extends from the lower part of Central America, over South 
America, down to S. Brazil and Bolivia. 

Key to t7ie Species. 

A. 
Plumage varied j cap of male cinereous, of 
female rufous; more or less olivaceous or 
white beneath. 
* See also:— 
(1) D. affinis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 80, 149 (Brazil). 
(2) D. tambiUanus, Tacz. Orn. Pe>. ii. p. 30 (Peru). 
220 
FOBMICAETID^!. 

a. Cap uniform. 
a'. Wings not uniform rufous. 
a". Belly pale yellowish olive. 
a'". Breast spotted 1. guttidatus, p. 220. 
b'". Breast not spotted. 

aK "With a black auricular patch. 
j Cap darker; back olive 2. mentatis, p. 221. 
( Cap lighter; back slaty 3. semicinereas, p. 221. 

b\ "Without a black auricular patch. 
//'. Belly clear white 4. olivaceus, p. 222. 
c". Belly pale cinereous 5. spodionotus, p. 222. 

V. "Wings uniform rufous 
6. xanthopterin, p. 223. 
b- Cap spotted or striated. 
( Cap black with white spots 7. puncticeps, p. 223. 
) Cap cinereous with black striations ... . 8. striaticeps, p. 223. 

B. 
Upper surface mouse-brown; cap rufescent; 
beneath grey with white spots on breasi.. 9. leucostictus, p. 224. 
C. Above 
and beneath nearly uniform, cinereous. 
c. "Wing'-coverts uniform. 
c'. Lighter schistaceous 10. schhtaceiis, p. 224. 
\ Throat light schistaceous 11. ardesiactts, p. 225. 
| Throat blackish. 

cV. Darker schistaceous 
12. umcolor, p. 223. 

d. "Wing-coverts with white terminal spots. 
| Bend of wing white 13. pkwibeus, p. 226. 
} Bend of wing not white 14. subphmbeus, p. 226. 
1. Dysithanums guttulatus. 
Lanius guttulatus, IAoht. JDoubl. p. 46. 
Myothera stiictothorax, Temm. PL Col. 179. figs. 1, 2. 
Thamnophilus strictothorax, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1013. 
Dysithamnus guttulatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 223; Bp. 


Comp. i. p. 109; Burm. JSi/sf. Ueb. iii. p. 81; Mater, P.Z.S. 
1858, p. 221; id, Cat. A. B. p. 177; Beh. Orn. Bras. p. 79; 
Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 71; iid. B. Z. 8. 1879, p. 024 (Bolivia); 
Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 86 (S.E. Brazil); Cab. et Hem. Mm. 
Hein. ii. p. 15. 

Thamnophilus striatothorax, cFOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 176. 

Above olive-green; head slaty: ear-coverts blackish, bordered by 
a postocular stripe formed of white tips to the feathers; upper 
wing-coverts blackish, with white apical spots: beneath pale 
yellowish; breast marked with triangular blackish shaft-spots; 
sides of breast and flanks olivaceous: whole length 5*3 inches, 
wing 2*5, tail 1*8. Female similar, but cap bright rufous, and 
breast-spots not so definite. 


Hah. S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 

a, b. $ ad.; c. $ Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ad. sk. 
d, e. J ? ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
g, h. <$ $ ad. sk. SrE. Brazil. Purchased. 

221 

9 . DYSIIHAMOTS. 
2. Dysithamiras mentalis. 
Myothera mentalis, Temm. PI. Col. 179. %. 3. 
Myiotliera poliocepliala, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 101)8. 
Dysithammis mentalis, Buvm. Si/st. deb. iii. p. 82;ticlufer,, P. Z. S. 


1858, p. 221; id. Cat. A. B. p.' 177; Peh. Dm. Bras. p. 71); Baler, 

J. f. 0. 1867, p. 402 (Brazil); 8cl. et Saiv. Nomeml. p. 71; iid. 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 624 (Bolivia); Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 80 (S.E. 
Brazil); Bj). Consj). i. p. 190; Cab. et Hem. Mm, Hek. ii. p. 14. 
Above olive; head slaty, auriculars blackish ; upper wing-coverts 
black with slight white margins; bend of wing white: beneath 
brighter olivaceous yellowish in the middle lino ; throat and breast 
grey ; under wing-coverts creamy white: whole length 4*7 inches, 
wing 34, tail 1*0. Female similar, but cap rufous, and wings 
nearly uniform. 

ffab. S.E. Brazil. 

a-d. Ad, fat. * 
S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 

e.'<$ ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyncr), Salvin-Godman Ooll, 
/. S ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvm-Godinan Cull. 
Brazil {Joyner), 
g, h. 6 ad.; *. $ S.E. Brazil. Sclater Ooll. 
ad. sk. 
j, k. 6 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Ooll. 

3. Dysithamnus semicinerens. 
Dysithamnus 
semicinereus, ScL P. Z. 8, 1855, pp. 90,147, pi. xcvii. 
(Bogota), 1858, p. GO (Rio Napo), p. 222 (Colombia), et 1800, 

p. 278 (Ecuador); id. Cat A. B. p. 177; 8cl. et Salu. Ibis, 18(50, 
p. 
399 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1808, pp. 168, 028, et 1875, 
p. 
235 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 525 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. 
p. 71 j 8ah. PZ. 8. 1867, p. 144, et 1870, p. 194 (Veragua); 
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. 2V. T. ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 
18G9, p. 305 (Costa Rica); Taca. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 530 (O. l3era), 
1879, p. 232 (N. Peru), et 1882, p. 30 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 29; JBouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Costa Rica); Berl et Tacz. 
P. Z. S.1883, p. 564, et 1884, p. 302 (W. Ecuador). 
Dysithamnus mentalis?, 8d. P. Z. S. I860, p. 67 (Ecuador), 
Above slaty grey, rump olivaceous; wings and tail blackish with 

- olivaceous edgings; wing-coverts black, slightly margined with 
white; axillaries white: beneath pale slaty, flanks and lower belly 
olivaceous; throat (in some specimens) more or less whitish: whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2'5, tail 1*6. Female similar, but cap rufous, 
and wings brownish with pale margins to the coverts. 

Hob. Guatemala, Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, 
and Peru, 
I am now doubtful about this species being distinct from B, mentalis 
; there is much variation in the series before me. 

a. S ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz {8aMn). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
b. Ad, sk. Chisec, Vera Paz {8ahnn)^ Tweeddale Ooll. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
Vera Paz (8aluin). 
222 

FORMICAKIIDJE. 

d. 2 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Guiatic, Co&ta Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . 2 ad. sk. Costa liica (Fndries). Tweeddale Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Santa M, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. d $ ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
,/, h, $ $ ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
1, J ad. sk. Panama. Tweeddale Coll. 
m, n. S ad.; o. $ Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
p, q. $ ad. ; r. <$ Bogota. Purchased. 
jr.; s. $ ad. sk. (Types of the species.) 

t. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sal\ in-Godman Coll. 
u. (S ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Goering). 
v, S jr. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.]. 


w. <$ ad. sk. Caripe*, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
®} V' 6 $ ad* sk« Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
», cL (S ? ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
b'. c? ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c'. $ ad. sk. Ropaybauiba, Peru (Jelshi). Sclater Coll. 
d'. $ ad. sk. Huambo, Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e'. $ acl. sk. Peru (Stolzmanri). Sclater Coll. 
4. Dysithamnus olivaceus. 
Thamnophilus olivaceus, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 174, t. xi. fig. 1. 
Bysithamnus olivaceus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 184-7, pt. i. p. 224; Sch 


F.Z. 8. 1858, p. 541 (Bolivia) j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 71; Tacz. 
Orn. FSr. ii. p. 28. 
Similar to D. semicinereus^ but with the middle of the belly pure 

white. 

Hah. Bolivia and Int. of Brazil. 

This species requires further examination, but if I am correct in 

referring to it the specimens from Matto Grosso, it is clearly dis


tinct from D. semidnereus and D. mentalis. 

a,b. (S § ad, Chapada, Matto Grosso (II. H. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Smith), 


5. Bysithamnus spodionotus. 
Bysithamnus 
spodionotus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 211 (Brit. 
Guiana); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above nearly uniform ashy, rather darker on the head; wing-
coverts black with slight white margins; wings slightly edged with 
olivaceous: beneath pale slaty, throat and middle of belly nearly 
white; under wing-coverts white; inner margins of wing-feathers 
pale straw-colour; bill black; feet brown : whole length 4*8 inches, 
wing 2-5, tail 1*7. Female. Above brown ; cap rufous; beneath 
pale brown ; throat and middle of belly white. 

Hah. British Guiana. 

This is of the same form as the preceding species, but at once 
distinguished by its uniform grey upper surface, and the absence of 
yellowish on the belly. 

9 . BYSTTHAMNUS. 
223 

a, b. $ ad.; c. $ ad.; Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sal vin-Godman Coll. 

d. <$ jr. sk. (White?!/). (Types of the species.) 
e,f. 
<$ ad.; </, h $ Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
ad.sk. (W/dtely). 

6. Dysithamnus xanthopterus. 
Dysithamnus xanthopterus, Burm. Syst. Ueh. iii. p. 81; Sclater, 
F.Z.S. 1857, p. 132, et 1858, p. 2:22 (Brazil); id. Cat A. B. 
p. 177 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 71. 
Above, head, neck, and upper back slaty grey, sides of head and 
narrow front variegated with white spots; lower back and outer 
surface of wings bright rufous, nearly chestnut; tail blackish with 
rufous edgings : beneath pale slaty, more whitish on the throat and 
breast; flanks and lower belly olivaceous; under wing-coverts 
white: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2-2. Female similar, 
but cap rufous like the back, and wholly palo olivaceous beneath. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

This species is easily known by its chestnut wings and back. 

a. (S ad, st. Brazil. Zool. See. CoU. 
b. (S ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
c. d. c? ? ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
7. Dysithamnus puncticeps* 
Dysithamnus puncticeps, Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 72, et 1807, p. 144 
(Veragua); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 71. 

Above slaty grey ; head black, thickly covered with round white 

spots; wings and tail blackish with greyish edgings, wing-coverts 

with round white apical spots: beneath white, breast slightly 

streaked with blackish; sides of breast and belly cinereous, flanks 

and crissum brownish : whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2'5, tail 1-4. 

Female similar, but above brownish, spots on the head rufous ; 

abdomen pale fulvous. 

Ilab. Yeragua. 
The peculiar spotting of the head at once distinguishes this short-
tailed species. 

a, b. <$ ad.; c. $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

8. Dysithamnus striaticeps. 
Dysithamnus striaticeps, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 180, et ix» 
p. 107 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. 0.1869, p. 305 (Costa Rica); 
Sol. et Salv. Nomencl p. 71; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 60 (Costa 
Rica). 
Above cinereous, head and nape striated with black; lower back, 
wings, and tail brownish; wing-coverts black with white apical 
spots: beneath, throat cinereous with slight white spots; breast 

224 FORMIC AEIIDJE. 

white, with a few black striations ; middle of belly white, flanks 

and orissum fulvous : whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*3. 
Hob. Costa Rica. 
This is another short-tailed species, easily known by its striated 

head. 

a. $ ad. sk. Valza, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Grodnian Coll. 
9. Dysithaniims leucostictus. 
Dybithaninus leucostictus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 66, 2:23, pi. cxc. 
(Rio Napo); id. Cat. A. B. p. 177; 8cl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 71; 
Tacs. et Berl. P. Z. S.1885, p. 99 (Ecuador). 

Above clear brown; head rufescent; sides of head and body 
beneath slaty, with large and conspicuous shaft-spots of pure white 
on the sides of the head, throat, and breast, and slight whitish 
striations in the middle of the belly; flanks brownish; bill and feet 
blackish : whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2. 

Hal. Eastern Ecuador. 
This is a very distinct form, and may be a TTiamnopMlus. 


a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased. 

10. Dysithamims schistaceus. 
Thanmopliilus fuliginosus, Lafr. et cVOvb. 8yn. Av. i. p. 10 ; dtOrb. 
Voi/., Ois. p. 170, pi. v. fig. 1. 
Thanmopliilus bcliibtaceus, cPOrb. Voi/.} Ois. p. 170; 8cl. P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 148 • Teh. Orn. Bras. p. 77. 
Dysithamnus sckistaceus, 8cl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 18G7, pp. 756, 978, 
1873, p. 273 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 024 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. 

p. 71 j Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 31. 
Above uniform pale schistaceous, rather blackish on the head : 
beneath similar, but paler, especially on the throat and middle line • 
under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet plumbeous : whole length 
5*7 inches, wing 2*0, tail 2. Female. Above brown, wings and 
tail darker, cap rufous : beneath much paler and more oehraceous. 

Hah. Peru and Bolivia. 

a% $ ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

b. § ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
e. $ ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
"d. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros,E.Perii(ifem^)- Gould Coll. 
e. (S ad. • /, g. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
§ ad.; k tf [WMtely).
jr. sk. 
!$ ad. sk. Yuriniaguas, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
j. S ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxioell). Sclater Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk. Samiria, E. Peru (Hauxioell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*L cT jr.^st. Bolivia (?). " Purchased. 
9. DYsrnrAMNTrs. 
225 

11. DysiOiamnus ardesiacus. 
DyjJthaminis acliistacoua, SeL P. Z. S. ISM p. GO (Rio Napo) et 
p. 222; iW. CW. .4. P. p. 178. 
Bysithanmus ardesiacus, &•/. et Sale. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 75(5, ei 1873, 
p. 274 (E. Peru); iid. Xomenel. p. 71; 7V/ca. P. &'& J 874, p. #K) 
(C. Peru) ; ttf. O™. Per. ii. p. ,4>>2; 8ah\ Ibis, 1883, p. 424 (Bril. 
Guiana). 
Above plumbeous, wings and tail blackish with slight plumbeous 
edgings ; tail very slightly tipped with white : boucath paler, throat 
blackish; under wing-coverts plumbeous; bill and feet blackish: 
whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 1-8. Ft male. Above brown, 
wings and tail rufescent: beneath ochraceous, throat pale cinereous. 

Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, and E. Ecuador. 

This species is distinguished from J), schistaceus by its darker 
colour, blackish throat, and the slight white terminations of the 
tail-feathers. 

a, 
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
ad. sk. (Whitehj).

d. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Snlvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (Whitehj). 
9- 
2 acl. sk. Merumd Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 

h. 
cJ ad. sk. R. Takutu, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
(WMtely). 
i. $ ad. sk. Storaima, Brit. Guiana. Salviip-Godman Coll. 
J-$ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
k, 1. <$ ad. sk. Yquitos, U])per Amazons Salvin-Gdduian Coll. 
(WMtely). 
m», n. (S ad.sk. Yquitos, tipper Aniaztons Sclater Coll. 
(Whitehj). 


0. $ ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Pent E. Bartlett [C.]. 
p, , cS ad. sk. feio Napo, Ecuador. Salvin-G'odman Coll. 
r. 
(S 2 a(l. sk. Ri'o Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll 
(Types of the species.) 
s, t <S 2 *&- sk. Rro Napo, Ecuador. Purchased, 

12. Bysithamiius unicolor. 
Bysitkamnfe unicolor, delator, P. & 8. I860, p. 141, et I860, p. 89 

(Ecuador); id. Cat A B. p. 178; 8cl. et 8ah. Xomenel p. 71; 

iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 525 (Antioquia). 

Thamnophilus unicolor, Berl. et Tac*. P. Z.8.1884, p. 301 (Ecuador). 

Above and beneath uniform dark plumbeous; inner webs of wing-
feathers paler, whitish; bill and feet black : whole length 0 inches, 
wing 3, tail 2-5. Female. Above reddish brown, -cap brighter; sides 
of head slaty: beneath ochraceous brown; throat pale schistaceous. 

Hah. Western Ecuador and Colombia. 

The absolutely uniform dark plttmbeoas colour distinguishes this 

species from th-e two preceding. 

% b. <$ $ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fras&r). Sclater Coll 
(Types of the species.) 
*5. <$ ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Eraser [C.]. 

VOL. XV. 
& 

22 6 
FOKMICARIIDiE. 

d. S ad. sk. Nanepral, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
e,f. <$ J ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
g, h. <$ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. tf ad. sk.
j . § ad. sk.
(Sahnon). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

13. Dysithamnus plumbeus. 
Thamnopkilus stellaris, 8pir, Av. Bras. ii. p. 27, pi. xxxvi. &g. 2 ? 
Myiothera plumbea, Mat. Beitr. iii. p. 1080. 
Dysithamnus stellaris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 18-47, pt. i. p. 224; Bp. 


* Consp. i. p. 199; Bunn. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 83. 
Dysithamnus plumbeus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 222 (S.E. Brazil) ; 
\'d. Cat. A. B. p. 178; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 576 (L. 
Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 71. 
Above dark plumbeous; wings and tail blackish; wing-coverts 
black with small wbite apical margins; axillaries pure white: 
beneath similar; bill and feet black: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 
3, tail 2. 
Hab. Brazil, Lower Amazonia, and Venezuela. 

a, b. S ad. sk. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 

c. $ ad.sk. " Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <5 ad. sk. San Esteban,Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
14. Dysithamnus subplumbeus. 
Dysithamnus plumbeus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 457 (Ecuador). 
Dysithamnus subplumbeus, Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 158 (E. Peru 
et Ecuador); Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S.1885, p. 99 (Ecuador). 

Above dark plumbeous, almost fuliginous; wings and tail 
brownish black; wing-coverts black with round white apical spots : 
beneath rather paler ; bill and feet black : whole length 5*5 inches, 
wing 3, tail 2-1. 

Hal. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 
Similar to P. plumbeus, but distinguishable by the want of the 
white axillaries and the rounded spots on the wing-coverts. 

a. (J ad. sk. Yquitos,U. Amazons (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Yquitos,U. Amazons (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. $ 
? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
e. <J ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
10. 
THAMKOMANES. „_ 
Type. 
Thamnomanes, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 230 (1847).. T. csesius. 
This is rather a peculiar form of ThamnopMUnw, with a somewhat 
Tyrannine structure, being furnished with a rather widened 
bill and well-developed rictal bristles, as well as with dense and lax 
uropygial plumes. The two closely allied species are found in 
Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil. 

10. 'XHVMNOMAMS. 
m 

Key to the flames. 

A. 
Bill wider; concealed dorsal spot leas de\eloped, 
greyish 1. cwsius, p. '227. 
B. 
Bill narrower; concealed dorsal spot well developed, 
white ± f/IaucuSf p. 227. 
1. Thamnomanes csesius. 
Lanius cfesius, Licht. JDoubl. p. 40. 
Muscicapa caesia, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 820; Temm, PI. Col. 17.figs. 1, 2. 
Tyrannus coesius, cTOrb, Voy., Ois. p. 309. 
Thamnomanes coesius, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 230; Bp. 


Consp. i. p. 201; Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 14; Sclater, 

P. Z. S.1858, p. 223; id. Cat. A. B. p. 178 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 80; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 71; iid. P. Z. S.1879, p. 024 (Bolivia). 
Above and beneath uniform dark cinereous; base of dorsal plumes 

paler; wings and tail blackish; bill and feet black : whole length 

5'5 
inches, wing 2*8, tail 2*6. Female. Ashy brown, wings and 

tail brown: beneath paler; middle of belly and crissum reddish 

ochraceous. 

Eab. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b, c. (S ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. 6 ad.; /. $ S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 


g. <$ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
2. Thamnomanes glancus. 
Thamnomanes glaucus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 230; id. in 
Schotnb. Ouian. iii. p. 088 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 201 j Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1858, pp. 00, 223 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 178; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 80; 
Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 750, et 1873, p. 274 (E. Peru); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 71; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 30 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. 
Per. ii, p. 33; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (Brit. Guiana). 

Similar to Th. ccesius, but bill rather more compressed and concealed 
dorsal spot pure white. 
Bab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Ecuador. 


a, by c. <? ad.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. $ ad. sk. (Whitely). 
e,f. 
6 2 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll 
(Whitely). 

g. J ad. sk. British Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 6 jr. sk. Mirakka, Brit. Guiana (W. L. Sclater Coll. 
Sclater). 
u $ ad. sk. Maroni R, Surinam (Kajppler). Sclater Coll. 

j. J ad. ak. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
k. 1. d ad.; m, $ Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad.sk. (Whitely). 
n. <$ ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
o, p. tf ? ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
q. $ ad. sk. R. Ucayali (Hauxwell). Gould Coll. 
228 F0RMICARIIDJ8. 
r, 8. 3 5 ad. sk.
t. $ a(l-s^"« 
Rio Napo, Ecuador. 
^i° ^aP°> Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
u, v. cS 2 ac^ 5 Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w. (S jr. sk. 
x. 2 ad.' sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

Subfamily II. FORMICARIlNiB. 

Under this heading I now place all the genera referred to the 
subfamily Formicivorince in my ' Synopsis of the Ant-birds/ as well 
as the typical Formicariince, referring the long-legged Grallarive to a 
separate subfamily. The Formicariince, as thus constituted, comprise 
all the smaller and more delicately built members of the group, as 
well as some genera of larger size and Thrush-like aspect. Their 
smaller points of structure vary exceedingly, even among allied 
species, and I find it at present quite impossible to draw satisfactory 
characters for the generic divisions, which under these circumstances 
I have left in nearly the same state as in the l Nomenclator.' 

The Formicarimce are spread all over the area occupied by the 
family, but are most abundant in the tropical forest-districts of the 
Neotropical Eegion. 

Key to the Genera * 

A. Of small size : bill weak. 
a. Bill not longer than head. 
a'. Tarsi short, thicker, scutated. 
a". Tail much shortened 11. MYRMOTHERULA, p. 229. 
b". Tail moderate or lengthened. 

a"\ 
Bill rather thicker 12. IIERFSILOCHMTJS, p. 244. 

b,ff 

. Bill moderate 13. FORMICIVORA, p. 248. 
c"'. Bill thin 14. TERENURA, p. 257. 
b'. Tarsi long, thin, smooth 15. PSILORHAMPHUS, p. 259. 

b. Bill longer^ than the head 16. KHAMPHOC^ENUS, p. 260. 
B. 
Of medium size: bill stronger,* plumage 
mostly black and grey. 
c. Tarsal scutes manifest. 
a'. Bill shorter 17. CERCOMACRA, p. 263. 
V, Bill longer. 
a". Bill much compressed 18. PYRIGLENA, p. 269. 

b". Bill wider at the base. 
I Lores naked 19. GYMNOOICHLA, p. 271. 
| Lores feathered 20. PERCNOSTOLA, p. 272. 

d. Tarsal scutes obsolete. 
c'. Tarsi quite smooth 21. TIETEROCNEMIS, p. 274. 
d'. Tarsi nearly smooth. 
c". Bill as long as head 22. MYRMECIZA, p. 277. 
d". Bill shorter than head. 
a'". Bill broader 23. IIYPOCNEMIS, p. 284. 

* Eefer also to :— 
Myrmochanes hypoleucus, Allen, Bull. A. M. N. H. ii. p. 95 (Bolivia). 
11 . MYRMOTHEIUTLA. 
229 

b'". Bill more compressed. 
| Eye-region feathered 24. PITIIYS, p. 204. 
I Eye-region naked 25. GYMNOPITKYS, p. 200. 

G. Of large size; bill Thrush-like j plumage 
brown and rufous. 
i 
i 
e. Tarsi short, thicker 20, RIIOPOTEBPE, p. 208. 
/ . Tarsi long, thinner. 
Eye-region naked all round; tarsal 
scutes united 27. PIILOG-OPSIS, p. 209. 
Eye-region in front feathered; 

tarsal scutes divided .„. 28. FORMICABIUS, p. 301. 

11. MYRMOTHERULA * 
Type. 
Myrmotherula, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 234 M. pygmoea. 
Myrmotherium, Cab. et Ilein. Mas. Rein. ii. p. 12 


(1859) ^ M. pygmsea. 
Myrmophila, Cab. et Ilein. ibid M. brevicauda, 
Iihopias, Cab. et Ilein. torn. cit. ii. p. 13 (1859) M. gularis. 
Myrmotherula and the allied form Terenura contain the smallest 

representatives of the Eormicariinc series. In most of the birds the 
tail is very short, though the length, of this organ varies in some 
nearly allied species. The tarsi are rather short and weak, and 
the whole structure is feeble. The sexes are always differently 
coloured. 

Myrmotherula extends from Veragua over the wooded districts 
of South America to Bolivia and S. Brazil. I can recognize 24 
species, but others remain uncertain and still to be made out. 

I divide the genus into three sections as follows :— 

Key to the Species. 

A. Striated group, akin to M. pygmma. 
a. Under surface yellowish, not striated 1. pygmma, p. 230. 
b. Under surface white, striated 2. surinatnenda, p. 231. 
B. Brown-and-grey group, akin to M. guttata. 
c. Back fulvous or cinereous. 
a'. Throat cinereous, unspotted 3. guttata, p. 232. 
bf. Throat with white spots. 
a". Breast cinereous. 
j Tail shorter 4. gularis, p. 233. 
) Tail longer 5. gutturalis, p. 233. 

b'\ Breast fulvous. 
J Back brown 6. fulviventris, p. 234. 
I Back cinereous 7. spodionota, p. 234. 

c'. Throat black 
8. atrogularis, p. 235. 

* Allied to Myrmotherula is Dichrozona, Ridgw. Proo. U. S. N. Mus. x. 
p. 
524. Type D. zononota, Ridgw. (Lower Amazons). 
Eefer also to:— 
Formidvora lafrcmayana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 182, pi. yi. fig. 1 (Bolivia). 
230 
FOKMICABIIDiTC, 

d. Back bright rufous or chestnut. 
d'. Breast cinereous. 
c". Throat black with white spots. 
J Back rufous 9. hcematonota, p. 235. 
| Back chestnut 10. pyrrhonota, p. 236. 

d". Throat cinereous 11. erythrura, p. 236. 
e". Throat black 12. omata, p. 236. 
e'. Breast black 13. erythronota, p. 237. 

C. Grey-and-black group, akin to M. axillaris. 
e. External secondaries with white tips ... . 14. hauxwelli, p. 237. 
/. 
External secondaries without white tips. 
/'. Throat and breast black. 


f. 
Flanks pure white. 
| Dark cinereous above 15. axillaris, p. 238. 
I Nearly black above 16. melc&na, p. 239. 
g''. Flanks cinereous. 
|Flanks pale cinereous 17. melanogastfa, p. 240. 
} Flanks dark cinereous 18. menetriesi, p. 240. 

g'. Throat black, breast cinereous. 
h". Wing-coverts with white tips. 


a'". Kectrices with slight white ends. 
I Larger ; tail longer1 19. longipennis, p. 241. 
I Smaller; tail shorter 20. brevicauda, p. 242. 

b'". Kectrices with broad white ends. 21. urosticta, p. 242. 

*". "Wing-coverts uniform. 
| Larger, darker 22. inomata, p. 243. 
) Smaller, paler 23. unicolor, p. 243. 

A'. Whole under surface cinerec us 24. cinereiventris, p. 244. 

A. Striated group, akin to M. pygmwa. 
1. Myrmotherula pygmaea. 
Petit gobe-mouche tachete' de Cayenne. Daub. PL JBnl. 831.fig. 2. 
Muscicapa pygmaea, Gm. S. N. i, p. 933; Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 488. 
Myrmothera minuta, d'Orb. Voy.} Ois. p. 184? 
Formicivora pygmaea, Cab. JVier/m. Arch. 1847, pt. L p. 227; Bp. 


Consp. i. p.'200; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 147 (Bogota), et 1858, 

p. 67 (Ecuador). 
Myrniotberium pygniseum, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 13. 
Myrrnotherula pygmaea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 234; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 179; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 80; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 325 
(Panama); Scl et Salt. JP.Z. S. 1866, p. 185, et 1867, pp. 750, 
978 (Peru), 1873, p. 274 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 624 (Bolivia) ; iid. 
Noinenel p. 71 j Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 311, et 1885, p. 425 (British 
Guiana); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 30 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. P4r. 
ii. p. 37. 
Above black; superciliaries, stripes on the back, and margins of 
wing-coverts white ; concealed dorsal patch white; tail very short: 
beneath pale sulphur-yellow; throat whitish : whole length 3-2 
inches, wing 1*8, tail 0*8, rectrices 10. Female similar, but cap 
striped with pale rufous ; throat fulvous. 

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Amazonia, and British Guiana. 

11 . MYRMOTHEKTJXA. 
a, $ ad. sk. 

b. J ad. sk. 
Cyd. <S $ ad, sk. 

e. $ ad. sk. 
/. $ ad. sk. 

ff, h. d 5 a(l- sk. 

*. tf ad. sk. 

y, /c. <$ ad. ; /. 

$ 
ad. sk. 

m. S jr. sk 
n. tf ad. sk. 
o. $ ad. sk. 
Bartica Grove, British Guiana 
( Whitelij). 
Camacusa, British Guiana 

(Whitely). 
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxioell).
Yuriniaguas, E. Peru (Bartlett). 
Chamicuros, E. Peru (Rau.vwell). 


Bio Napo, Ecuador. 
Bio Napo, Ecuador. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckle}/). 

Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


Gould Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 


2. Myrmotherula surmamensis, 
Sitta surinamensis, Gm. S, N. i. p. 442 ($). 

Surinam Nuthatch, Bath. Gen. Hist, iv, p. 72, pi. lxii. 

Eornricivora quadrivitta, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 227; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 200. 

Myrmotlierula 
suiinamensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 234, pi. 141. 
tig. 1 (tf),etl860, p. 294; id. Cat A. B. p. 179; Lawr. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. vil p. 293 (Panama); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 356 (Panama), 1866, p. 185, et 1873, p. 274 (Peru), et 1879, 
p. 525 (Antioquia) ,• iid. Nomencl p. 71; Salv, Ibis, 1874, p. 311, 
et 1885, p. 425 (Brit. Guian.); Berl. et Tacz. B. Z. S. 1883, p. 564 
(W. Ecuador) j Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 30 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 38. 
Myrmotherium surinamense, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Rein, ii. p. 13. 
Myrmotherula multostriata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 234, pi. 141. 

fig. 2; id. Cat A. B. p. 179; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 185, et 
1873, p. 274 (Peru) j iid. Nomencl p. 71,; Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 39. 
Myrmotherium multostriatum, Cab, et Rein. Mus. Rein, ii, p. 13. 

Above black narrowly striped with white; rump greyish ; concealed 
dorsal patch white; wings black edged with white; tail black 
tipped with white : beneath white striped with black ; under wing-
coverts white: whole length 8*5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 0*2. Female. 
Above like the male, but head and neck rufous with faint black 
stripes : beneath reddish cimianiorneous, paler on the belly. 

Ilab. Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Amazonia, and Guiana. 

The examination of this extensive series has induced me to 
reunite M. multostriata to M. surinamensis. M. multostriata was 
based on what I now consider to be the adult male of this species, 
and what I regarded as the female of M. multostriata is simply the 
young male. As all three forms and many intermediate ones are 
represented in specimens from Panama, Guiana, and Colombia, I 
think there can be little doubt that this view is correct. But it 
would seem that the female of the Amazonian form (31. surinamensis 
multostriata) is generally more or less striped beneath. 

232 
FOIUIICAKIIDJE. 

31. surinamensis typica. 
a. <$ jr. sk. Verogua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, c. $ 2 ad. s^- Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d7 e. (S $ ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
f. 
5 ad.sk San Pablo Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Panama (Malt in). 
g. J ad. sk. Ebnieraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
ft. (S ad. &k. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. S ad. sk. Pio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
j. $ ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk. Pemedio^, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sah in-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 
I. J nd. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
»&» w. d ? ad. &k. Takutu P., British. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

o. 2 ad. sk. Carimang K., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(TF7AZy). 
jy. J ad. sk. 
Camaousa, British Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 


q. <$ ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
r. 
<S ad.; s. $ Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
t. <$ ad.; u. <$ Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
v.' $ ad.sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 


31. surinamer^sis midiostriata. 
w. 
$ ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bartlett). 
v. 
6 ad. ; y. tf P. Ucayali (Haimuell). Gould Coll. 1 
jr. sk. [ 
s. $ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartktt). Sclater Coll. ) 
(Types of M. nyiuUostriata.) 
a', b'. $ $ ad. &k. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]» 
c'. 5 ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. Salvin-rGodman Coll. 
tl'. 2 ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll. 
e'. (S ad. sk. Cayenne (?). Purchased. 

B. Brown-and-grey group, akin to 31. guttata. 
3. Myrmotherula guttata. 
Myrmothera guttata, TieilL Gal. Ois. i. p. 2o\, pi. 155. 
Khopoterpe guttata, Calf. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 228; Bp. 

Comp. i. p. ^00. 
Myiotkera pueciloptera, Cuv. in Mus. Par. (J). 
jVJyrmotherula guttata, Scl. P. Z. ti. 1858, p. 285 (Cayenne) ; i$. Cat. 

A. B. p. 179 j Scl. et Pah. Noyiencl p. 71; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 425 
(Brit. Guiana). 
Phopias guttata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 13. 


Aboye cinereous ; large concealed dorsal spot white ; rump 
rufous ; wings blackish, wing-coverts, outer secondaries, tail-coverts* 
and tail black wit]?, largo apical spots of pale fulvous : beneath 
cinereous, lower belly rufous: wfcole length 3*2 inches, wing 2, 

11 . MYRMOTHERULA. 
233 

tail 0*7. Female similar, but olivaceous above, and throat and 
breast pale fulvous. 
Hah. Cayenne and Guiana. 
The extremely short tail and large wing-spots render this species 
very conspicuous. 

«, b.d ? ad. bk Bartioa Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( JJlutelg). 

c. S ad. si?. Camacuaa,J5rit.GuiaiiaOr7i/Y<>/(/). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S ad.sk. Camacusn,Brit.Guiaiia(ir/i//^). Selater Coll. 
e. § ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Selater Coll. 
/. ($ ad. sk. Cayenne. Selater Coll. 
g. tf ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Riocour Coll. 
h. $ ad. &t. S. America. 
Purchased. 
i. $ ad.sk. B.America. 
E.AVilbon,Ebq.[L\]. 
4. Myrmotherula gularis. 
Thamnophilus gularis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 30, pi. 41. tig. 2. 
Myiothera cinerea. Max. Beitr. hi. p. 1093. 
Myrmotliera gularis, Menetr. Mem. Ac. St. Fetersb. ser. vi. (ScL 

Nat) t. i. p. 476, pi. ii. fig. 2. 
Bhopoterpe gularis, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 228; Bj>. 

Consp. I p. 200. 
Bhopias gularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 18. 
Myrmotherula gularis, ScL P. Z. S. 1858, p. 235 (S.E. Brazil); id. 

Cat. A. B. p. 170; Fek. Oni. Bras. p. 81 j ScL et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 71. 
Above reddibh brown, brighter on back; wing-coverts black with 
fulvous apical spots : beneath cinereous, throat black spotted with 
white; lower belly, flanks, and crissum fulvous : whole length 3*8 
inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*1. Female similar, but spots on throat 
much larger. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
The upper surface in this species is of a nearly uniform rufous 
brown, paler on the head. 

a. S ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. La go dos Patos, Kio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sul, Brazil {Rogers). 
c,d. d $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Selater Coll. 

e. cJ ad.; /, g. S.E. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
$ ad. bk. 
h, i. <$ $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 

j. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coli 
'k. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.. 
5. Myrmotherula gutturalis. 
Myimotherula 
gutturalis, ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 269 (British 
Guiana) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 30 (N.E. Peru); Salv. Ibu, 18b5, 

p. 42o. 
Above brown; wing-coverts with small round apical spots of 
-whitish: beneath cinereous; throat black thickly spotted with 

234 
POKMICAKIID.®. 

white ; lower belly and flanks brownish; tail brown like the back: 

whole length 3-8 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*7. Female. Above brown, 

wing- coverts with small fulvous spots: beneath paler, clearer on 

throat and breast. 

Ha5. British Guiana. 

The much longer tail, browner back, and smaller wing-spots dis


tinguish this species from the last. 

a. b. tf 
ad.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ) rrp 
c, d. $ ad. sk. (Whitely). Coll. / t VPs 
or e
e, f. tf ad. sk. Bartica Gro\e, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. f .,

,J 
sPecie8') 

(Whitely). J
g} h. 6 2 a(i- Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
sk. (Whitely). 


i. 
§ ad. sk. Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.(
Whitely). 
j, <$ ad. sk. R. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
h, 
S ad. sk. Quonga, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 


6. Myrmotherula fulviventris. 
Myrmotherula 
fulviventris, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 468 
(Panama), et ix. p. 108 (Costa Rica); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 350 (Panama), et 1879, p. 525 (Antioquia) j iid. Nomencl. p. 71; 
Fronts*. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 305 (Costa Rica) ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 
p. 331 (Colombia) j Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 311 j Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, 
p. 318 (Bucaramanga); Pidgiv. P. U. S. N. M. x. p. 590 (Honduras). 
Myrmotherula ornata, Cas$i?i, Pr. Acad. Phil. 1860, p. 191 (part.). 

Above brown ; wing-coverts black with small apical spots- of pale 
fulvous : beneath fulvous, throat black with large sagittate spots of 
white ; flanks greyish : whole length 3*9 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1*4. 
Female. Above brown: beneath pale fulvous ; throat paler and 
spots nearly obsolete. 

Hob. Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. Jad.sk. 
Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. 
Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. S ad.; e, Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. 

g. S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
h, i. ^ ad.; j. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
k,l.2 
ad.sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 

m. <$ ad, sk. 
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
7. Myrmotherula spodionota. 
Myrmotherula spodionota, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 159 (Ecuador). 
Above cinereous; wings blackish edged with olivaceous; wing


11 . MTRMOTHKBUIA. 
235 

coverts black with white apical spots: beneath similar; throat 

black with large white spots; lower belly and flanks brownish 

olive : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2-1, tail 14 . 

Hah, Ecuador. 

This^ species seems to be distinguishable from the two formor, to 

which it is closely allied, by its cinereous back. 

a, b. <$ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

8. Myrmotherula atrogularis. 
Myrmotherula atrogularis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 137,530 (C. Peru), 
et 1882, p. 30 (N E. Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 41. 

Above cinereous, rump slightly fulvcscent; wing-coverts black 

margined with white; tail blackish with slight white tips : beneath 

cinereous, throat black, well-defined ; flanks and lower belly fulves


cent; under wing-coverts white : whole length 3-6 inches, wing 2*1, 

tail 1*4. Female. Above like the male: beneath fulvous; throat 

black with white spots. 

Hah. Peru. 

This species looks at first sight like one of the grey-and-black 

section (C). But the flanks and lower belly are fulvous, and the 

female has the characters rather of this group. 

a} b. c$ $ ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimens.) 


9. Myrmotherula haematonota. 
Formicivora hsematonota, ScL P. Z. &1857, p. 48. 
Myrmotherula hjematonota, Sel. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 235 (E. Peru) • 
Scl. et Satv. P. Z. & 1866, p. 185, 1867, pp. 750, 756, et 1873, 

p. 274 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl p. 71 • Tacz. P.Z. S. 1882, p. 30 
(N.E. Peru); iid. Orn. Ptr. ii. p. 40. 
Above brown; back and outer secondaries suffused with bright 

rufous ; wing-coverts black with large apical spots of pale fulvous; 

tail brown : beneath cinereous; throat black with whito spots ; lower 

belly and flanks fuscous: whole length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1*6. 

Female. Above brown, with slight traces of rufous ; wing-coverts as 

in male: beneath pale fulvous with slight darker mottlings. 

Bob. Upper Amazonia. 

a. S 
ad. • b} c. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Ilauxwell). Gould Coll. 
$ ad. sk. (Types of the species.) 
d. <S ad. sk. Chamicuros, E.Peru (JETauxwell). Sclater Coll. 
e. d ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (JBartlett). Salvin-Godman Colh 
/ . J ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (JBartlett). Sclater Coll. 
230 POEMIOAltllDJE. 

10. Myrmotherula pyrrhoiiota. 
Myrmotherula pyrrlionota, Scl. et Sal v. Nomencl. pp. 7'2, 160. 
Myrmotherula hoomatonota, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 81. 

' Above brown ; whole back and edges of outer secondaries bright 
chestnut; wings and tail brownish ; wing-coverts black with round 
apical spots of white: beneath cinereous, throat black with white 
spots; flanks and lower belly brownish : whole length 3*5 inches, 
wing 1-8, tail 1*2. Female, Above like the male, but spots on 
wing-coverts pale fulvous : beneath fulvous, more dusky on sides. 

Ilab. Cayenne and Bio Negro. 
Closely allied to M. hcemutonota, but with the back much of a 
brighter chestnut-red and with a shorter tail. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Marahitanas, Bio Negro, Brazil(Natterer). 
Sclater Coll. ) (Types 
I of the 
b,c.<$ Jad.sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. } species.) 

11. Myrmotherula erythrura. (Plate XY.) 
Myrmotherula erythrura, Scl Cat A. B. p. 180 (descr. nulla !) j Scl. 
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 72. 

Above brown; interscapulium chestnut; wings blackish with 
brown edgings; wing-coverts with round apical spots of pale fulvous; 
tail long, uniform bright rufous : beneath cinereous, lower belly 
and flanks brownish; under wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill dark 
plumbeous, feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*7. 
Female. Above like the male: beneath fulvous. 
Hab. Western Ecuador., 

This is quite a distinct species, at once recognizable by its cinereous 
throat and long rufous tail. I based it originally on a female 
from the Bio Negro, which I accidentally omitted to describe. 
Buckley's collection from the same district supplies excellent specimens 
of both sexes. 

q. J ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. <j> ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
c, d. <$ ? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Sclater Coll. 
e,f. <$ ? ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
12. Myrmotherula ornata. 
Formicivora ornata, Sclater, Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 480; id. P. Z. S. 1855, 
p. 147 (Bogota). 
Hypocnemis ornata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, -p. 67 (Bio Napo). 
Bhopias ornata, Cab. et Rein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 18. 
Myrmotherula ornata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 235 ; id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 170, pi. xv.; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 81; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 72. 
Myrmothera rufidorsis, Natt. MS. {teste Pelzeln). 
Above cinereous; lower back bright chestnut, wings and tail 

11 . MYRMOTIIKRULA. 
237 

blackish; wing-coverts black with white apical spofs : beneath 
cinereous, throat black: lower belly and flanks brownish; under 
wing-coverts white: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*1, tail P4. 
Female. Above brown; back and wings as in male: beneath 
fulvous; throat black with white spots. 

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Amazonia. 

The black throat at once distinguishes this species. 

a, b. <$ J ad.; c, Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d. Jr. &k. 
e. $ ad. sk.
f> ih c? S a<l*s^h. 
$ ad. sk.
i. cJad.sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Interior of Colombia. 
Eyton Coll. 
Salviu-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . (S ad. sk.
k, /. <$ ad.;
$ ad. sk.
n. 5 ad. sk. 
m. 
Colombia. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador 
(Bucldey). 
Rio Napo. 
Salun-Godman Coll. 
Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

13. Myrmothernla erythronota. 
Formicivora 
erythrondta, JIartl. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 2; JBurm. Si/sf. 
XJeb. iii. p. 75. 
Myrmothernla erythronota, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 236 (S.E, 
Brazil) j id. Cat. A. B. p. 180; JSCI et Salv. Komencl p. 72. 

Above black; back chestnut; bend of wing and very slight 
margins to wing-coverts white: beneath black, flanks and under 
wing-coverts pure white : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2, tail 
1*7. Female. Above like the male, but head, wings, and tail 
blackish brown : beneath fulvous, flanks and crissum. dusky ; under 
wing-coverts white. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. <$ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
b, c. $ $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
C. Grey-and-blaCk group, akin to M% axillaris. 
14. Myrmotherula hauxwelli. 
Formicivora hauxwelli, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 131, pi. 120. fig. 2 (F. 
Peru), et 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo). 
Myrmothernla hauxwelli, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 236; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 181; JPek. Orn. Bras. p. 81; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 186 
(R. Ueayali), 1867, pp. 576, 750 (Peru),et 1873, p. 274 (E. Peru; ; 
iid. Nornenci. p. 72 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 44. 
Rhopias hauxwelli, Cab. et Hein. MKS. Ilein, ii. p. 13. 

Above cinereous, concealed dorsal spot white; wings blackish; 
wing-coverts and outer secondaries black with white apical spots ? 
tail-feathers blackish with slight white terminations: beneath 

238 
F0KMICARIIDJ2. 

paler, under wing-coverts cinereous: whole length 4 inches, wing 

2-2, tail 1. Female. Above greyish brown; wing-coverts and outer 

secondaries black, with apical spots of pale fulvous : beneath clear 

rufous. 

Hab. Amazonia, Colombia, and Eastern Ecuador. 

This appears to be the only species of the present section in which 

the outer secondaries carry distinct apical spots. Otherwise it is some


what similar to M. cinereiventris, but has a much shorter tail. 

a. J ad. sk. Bio Capim, Lower Ama- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
zons (Wallace). 
b. $ ad, sk. Nauta, Peru {JBartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. 5 ad. sk. Nauta, Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru {Haux- Gould Coll. 
well). (Type of the^ species.) 
e. <$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru {Haux- E. Bartlett [C.]. 
well). 
/}(?> 
6 $ ad. sk. Yquitos, "Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

h. $ ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
i. $ ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Peru {Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, k. <$ $ ad. sk. Yurimaguas, Peru {Stolz- Sclater Coll. 
manri). 
l,m» 6 $ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 


n. Jad.sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
15. lEyrmotherxila axillaris. 
Le Grisin de Cayenne, femelle, Buf. PI. Enl. 643. fig. 2 ? 
Myrmothera axillaris, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xii. p. 113; id. Ene. Mith. 

p. 682; d'Orb. Votj., Ois. p. 183; Menttr. Mem. Acad. St. PUersb. 
ser. vi. (Sci. Nat.) t. i. p. 478. 

Myiothera fuliginosa, Licht. JDoubl. p. 45 (pt.). 

Eormicivora axillaris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 226; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 200. 

Myrmopliila axillaris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 13. 

Myrmotherula axillaris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 236 (pt.) ; id. 

Cat A. B. p. 180; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 82; Tazjlor, Ibis, 1864, 

p. 85 (Trinidad); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 186, 1867, pp. 576, 
978, et 1873, p. 274 (Peru), et 1879, p. 624 (Bolivia); iid. 
Nomencl. p. 72; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 30 (N.E. Peru) j id. Orn. 
Pir. ii. p. 47 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above dark grey; wings and tail blackish; margins of wing-
coverts and tips of tail-feathers white: beneath black, fluffy flanks 
and inner margin of wing-feathers white; bill and feet black: 
whole length 3*7 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1*6. Female. Olive-brown ; 
wings and tail blackish, with brownish edgings; wing-coverts with 
small apical spots of pale fulvous : beneath pale fulvous, throat 
lighter, whitish. 

Bab. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and Trinidad. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil (?). 
Major Finch [P.l 
b, c 
J $ ad. sk. Bartiea Grove, British Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guiana (Whitely). 

11 . MYRMOTHERTJLA. 239 
d. £ ad. sk. Camaeusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. J ad. sk.
(Whitely). 
Takutu II., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk.
(WMtely). 
Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
ff. <$ ad. &k.
h. S ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
/ $ ad. sk. 
Cayenne (Jekki). 
Cayenne {?). 
Cayenne (?). 
Rio Capini, Lower 
zons ( Wallace). 
AmaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Riocour Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k $ ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 

16. Myrmotherula melaena. 
Formicivora axillaris, Scl. P. Z. S.1855, p. 147 (Bogota). 
Formicivora melaena, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 130 (Bogota) ; Lawr. 

Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 0 (Panama). 
Myrmophila melaena, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 10. 
Myrmotherula rnelcena, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 237 (Bogota); id. Cat 

A. B. p. 180 ; Pelz. Oni. Bras. p. 82 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, 
p. 356 (Panama), 1806, p. 186, 1867, p. 750, et 1873, p. 274 
(Peru), et 1879, p. 525 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 72 ; Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. i\T. Y. ix. p. 107 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J.f.O. 1869, 
p. 305 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 311; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 61 (Costa Rica); Tacz. Orn. PSr. ii. p, 48. 
Myrmotherula albigula, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 131 (Panama), 
et ix. p. 108 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J.f O. 1869, p. 305 (Costa 
Rica) (cf. Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 317, $). 

Bab. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 

This is merely a darker form of the preceding species, more or less 
intensely black above. 

a, b. $ ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Carmiol). 

c. cS jr. sk. Chepo, Istn. of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arc4). 
d} e. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . $ ad. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 

g. $ 
ad. sk. Antioquia, U.S.C. (SaiSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
nton), 
h, i. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

J. d ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
k. c? ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, m. $ $ a(*- sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BuckSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
ley). 
n, o. <$ § ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 

p. 
$ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haux-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
well). 
q, r. £ ad. sk, Chamicuros, E. Peru Gould Coll. 
(Hauxwell). 
S) t. <$ 2 a(*. s ^ Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
uf v. $ J &&' sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(WMtely). 

w. £ ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll. 
240 FORMICARIIDJE. 

17. Myrrnotherula melanogastra. 
Myiotheva fuliginosa, Licht. JDoubl. p. 45 (pt.); Max. Beitr. iii, 
p. 101)7. 
Thamnopliilus melanogaster, Spix, Av. Bras, ii. p. 31, pi. 43. 
fig. 1. 
Formicivora axillaris, Burm. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 76. 
Myrmophila melanogastra, Cab, et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 13. 
Myrmotlierula melanogastra, Pet. Orn. Bras. p. 81; ScL et Salv. 

NomencL p. 72. 

Above cinereous; wings and tail black; wing-coverts and tail-
feathers with distinct white apical spots : beneath cinereous, passing 
into black in the middle line; flanks greyish white; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers white; bill and feet 
black: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*4. 

Hab. S.E.Brazil. 

a. tfad.sk. Pernambuco, Brazil {Forbes). Salvin-Goclman Collb, 
c. tf ad.&k. Bahia, Brazil (Wuchtrer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e,f, tf ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
38. Myrmotherula menetriesi. 
Myrmothera menetriesii, t? Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 184. 
Formicivora menetriesi, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 220; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 200; Set. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 07 (Ecuador). 

Mvrmotlienila menetriesi, ScL P. Z. S. 1868, p. 237, et 1800, pp. 67, 
Q& (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 180; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 82; ScL 
'et Salv. P. Z. S. 1809, p. 252 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 624 (Bolivia) ; 
iid. Nomencl. p. 72; Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 144, et 1870, p. 195 
(Veragua); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 530 (0. Peru), et 1882, p. 30 

(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pir. ii. p. 45; Banc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 61 
(Costa Rica); Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 504, 1884, p. 302, et 
1885, p. 101 (W. Ecuador). 
Myrmopnila menetriesi, Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 13. 
Formicivora schisticolor, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. viii. p. 172 (Costa 
Rica). 
Myrmotlierula modesta, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. ix. p. 108 (Costa 
Rica). 

Above cinereous ; wings and tail blackish edged with cinereous, 
tail sometimes slightly tipped with white : wing-coverts black with 
white tips: beneath cinereous as above, throat and breast down to 
middle of belly black; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-
feathers more or less white; bill and feet black : whole length 3*5 
inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*5. Female. Above greyish olivaceous; front, 
sides of head, and rump slightly rufescent: beneath fulvous, sides 
more dusky. 

Hab. Guatemala and Central America down to Panama, Colombia, 
Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 
Under this title, which is perhaps somewhat doubtfully applicable, 
I place a widely spread species, somewhat similar to 

11 . MYBMOWmUJXA. 
M. axillaris, but without any traces of tho white flanks. The whole 
under surface is cinereous like the back, except for tho black colour 
which occupies the throat, the middle of the breast, and more or less 
of the upper portion of the belly. 

«, b. J ad. &k. 

c. <$ ad. sk. 
d. $ ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/• cT ad. sk. 
g> <$ ad. sk. 
h, i. $ ad.sk. 
j> h. $ ad.; 

1. $ ad.; 
m. cf jr. sk. 
n. <J jr. sk. 
o, p. <$ ad.; 
q. $ ad. sk. 
r. <5 ad. sk. 
*>t. £ ? ad. sk. 
u. <$ ad. sk. 
v. S ad.; «?, #• 
$ ad. sk. 
y-c5* ad. sk. 

z. S ad.sk. 
of,, <S ad. sk. 
b'. <$ ad. sk. 
c'. d ad. sk. 

d'. S ad. sk. 

Choctum, "Vera Paz, Guatemala 
(Salvm). 
Samayoa, Vera Paz, Guate


mala. 
Vera Paz, G uatemala. 
Guatemala. 
Dota Mts., Costa Rica (Car


miol). 
Costa Rica (Caimiol). 
Costa Rica. 
Calovevora, Veragua (ArcS). 

Santa F6, Veragua (Arce). 
Veragua (ArcS). 


Veragua (ArcS). 
Southern slope of the Volcano 


of Chiriqui (ArcS). 
Chiriqai (ArcS). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). 

Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser), 
Bogota. 
Puerto Cabello, Venezuela 

(Goering). 

San Esteban, Venezuela 

(Goering). 

R. Amazons (?). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvm-Godman OolL 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godmarj Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

19. Myrmotherula loagipeimis. 
Myimotherula longipennis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 82,153; 8alv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 426 (Brit. Guian.). 

Above grey; wings and tail blackish ; tips of wing-coverts, axillaries, 
and ends of rectriccs white : beneath pale cinereous, throat 
and breast, clearly defined, black ; under wing-coverts grey ; inner 
margins of wing-feathers white ; bill and feet black : whole length 
3 7 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*3. Female. Above cinereous olive; sides 
of head, edgings of wings, and rump brownish: beneath fulvous, 
paler and more whitish on the throat. 

Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia. 
Ibis species is recognizable by the clearly defined black of the 
throat and breast and lighter belly. The tail is more decidedly 
tipped with white. 
VOL. xv. R 

242 F0KMICARI1D2E. 

a, b. c? ad.; c. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
d. $ a<^ s^{* 
(Whitdy).
Camactisa, Brit.
(Whitely). 
Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. d $ ad. sk. 
$,'h> 6 $ ad. sk. 
Qyapoc, Cayenne. 
Bio Capim, Lower{Wallace)^ 
Amazons 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. J ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . S ad. j Jc, Bio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
I $ ad. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
n. S ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
o. $ ad. sk. 
p. <$ ad. sk. 
#. $ ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bio Javari. 
Chami euros, E. Peru (Haux-
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 
welD, 
r. d* ad. sk. Brazil (?). Gould Coll. 

20. MyrmotherTila brevicauda. 
Formicivora brevicauda, Sw. Zool. Journ. ii . p. 148; Scl.P.Z.S. 

1857, p. 131 (E. Brazil). 
Myrmotherula brevicauda, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 237 (S.E. Brazil) ; 
"id. Cat. A. B. p. 181; Scl. et Sate. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 570 (L. Amazons) 
; iid. Nomencl. p. 72. 

Myrmophila brevicauda, Cab.et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 12. 
Myrmotherula luctuosa, Pete. Orn. Bras. pp. 82,153 ? (Bahia). 

Above cinereous ; wing-coverts black, margined with white ; tail-
feathers blackish, with a small black submarginal band which is 
tipped with white : beneath cinereous as above, a large rounded 
patch occupying the throat and breast black; under wing-coverts 
and inner margins of wing-feathers white; tail very short; bill and 
feet black: whole length 3 4 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1-1. Female. 
Above brownish olivaceous ; head cinereous ; wings and tail rufescent; 
wing-coverts with small fulvous apical spots: beneath brownish 
olive. 
Hah. S E. Brazil. 

This Brazilian species is easily known by its small size and short 
tail. 

a. cJad.sk. S.E.Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
b, c. S ad.; d. ? ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
21. Myrmotlierula urosticta. 
Formicivora urosticta, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 130, pi. exxvi. fig. 1 (E. 
Brazil). 
Myrmotherula urosticta, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 238 (Brazil) ; id. Cat 

A. B. p. 181; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 72. 
Myrmophila urosticta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 13. 
11 . MYRMOTIIEKULA. 
243 

Above cinereous ; -wing-coverta black, with distinct wnito margins ; 
tail black, with broad white ends to the exterior rcctricos : beneath 
])aler, throat and middle of the breast, well defined, black; axillarica, 
under wing-coverts, and inner margins of remiges white; bill and 
feet black : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2, tail 1*3. 
Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

This small species is at once distinguishable by the long white 
ends of the outer tail-feathers, which in some specimens are more 
than half an inch in length on the exterior rectrix. 

a. $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
b, c. 3 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Toll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Brazil.
(Types of the species.) 
Loul Stuart de 
Kothet=ay [P.], 

22. Myrmotherula inornata. 
Myrmothera inornata, Berkpsch, MS. 

Myrniotheiula unicolor, Salu. Ibis, 1885, p. 420 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above uniform cinereous: beneath similar; throat and breast 
black; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-coverts white ; 
bill and feet black: whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2, tail 1*4. 
Female, Above brown : sides of head and edgings of wings and tail 
rufous : beneath cinereous, breast cinnamomeous, throat whitish. 

Ilab. Guiana and Colombia. 

Mr. Salvin and I have referred this species to 31. unicolor. But 
Graf v. Bcrlepsch has lately shown me that the true 31. unicolor of 
Brazil is probably a distinct species, of smaller size and not so dark 
in colour. I have therefore adopted his MS. name for the present 

bird. 

a. <$ jr. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(WMtehj). 
b, c. $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
dj e,f. tf ad.; Iioraima, Brit. Guiana (WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

<7.*$ad.; h, 
£. <$ jr. sk. 

j. 3 ad. sk. Koraima, Brit. Guiana ( WMtely'). Sclater Coll. 
k. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
23. Myrmotherula unicolor. 
Myrmothera 
unicolor, MMir.Mtm. Acad. St. TUersb. &er. vi. (Set. 
"Nat) t. i. p. 480, pL ii. fig. 1 (S.E.Brazil). 
Myrmotherula unicolor, Belz. Orn. Bras. p. 82 ; Scl et Salv. Konuncl. 

p. 72. 
Uniform pale grey ; throat "fc>lack; bill blackish; feet plumbeous: 
whole length 3*6 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*4. 
Ilab. S.E. Brazil. 

Apparently distinguishable from 31. inornata by its paler colouring 

'and smaller size. I have only seen one immature specimen, kindly 
sent for examination by Graf v. Berlcpsch. 

n2 

244 
POKMICAKIIBiB. 

24. Myrmotherula cmereiventris, 
Myraotherula cbereiventris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 756, 978, 
et 1873, p. 274 (Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 72; Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 81 j 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 30 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 43 ; 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 426 (Brit. Guiana). 
Myrmotherula assimilis, Pels. Orn. Bras. pp. 81, 152 (1871). 


Above cinereous ; wing-coverts blackish with white margins; tail 
in some specimens slightly tipped with white : beneath similar, but 
paler, and rather more whitish on the throat and middle of the belly ; 
bill and feet plumbeous : who]e length 3 5 inches, wing 2'2, tail 1*2. 
Female. Above pale cinereous; wing-coverts slightly tipped with 
whitish : beneath cinnamomeous ; throat whitish. 

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, and Ecuador. 
The uniform grey under surface at once distinguishes this species. 


a.b. 
<$ $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c. <$ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whttehj). 
d. c? ad. sk. Guiana (Bro2vn). Sclater Coll. 
e. (S ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
/ . c? ad. sk. Surinam (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 

g. $ ad. sk. Bio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Borba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
i,j. d 2 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxicell). Sclater Coll. 
k, I. S $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
m, n. S ? ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o,p. 3 $ ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
q, r. S $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

s. (S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Btichley). Sclater Coll. 
t} u. $ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
v, $ ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
12. HEEPSILOCHMUS * 
Type. 
Herpsilochmus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 224 (1847). II. pileatus. 
The genus fferjosilochmus comprehends eight small species with 

pied plumage and rather lengthened tails, distributed over the forests 
of Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil. They are somewhat Wagtail-like 
in general appearance. The rectrices are much graduated in most 
of them. The bill is more thickened than in Myrmotherula and 
Formicivora. 

* Befer also to the following species:— 
1. 
HERPSILOCHMUS AXILLARIS. 
Thamnophilus axillaris, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 174. 
Herpsilochmus axillaris, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 35. 
Herpsilochmus puncticeps, Tacz. P. Z. S. 18&2, p. SO (N.E. Peru). 
% H. AXILLARIS iEQUATORiALis, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 100 (Ecuador). 

3. H. MOTACILLOIDES, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 136, 530; id. Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 35 (Peru). 
12. HERPSlIOClIMtrS. 
245 

Key to the Species. 

A. Outer margins of primaries wliito or whitish. 
a. 
Without a black pectoral spot. 
a'. Middle of belly white. 
a". Smaller: tail shorter. 
I Middle rectricea not spotted.... 1. pikatus, p. 245. 
I Middle rectrices spotted 2. sticturm, p. 245. 

b'\ 
Larger: tail longer. 
I Middle rectrices barred 3. dommaculatus, p. 240. 
^ | Middle rectrices not barred 4. longirostris, p. 240. 
b'. Middle of belly pale ochraceous.... 5. atricapillus, p. 246. 

b. With a black pectoral spot 0. pectoralis, p. 247. 
B. 
Outer margins of primaries rufous. 
I Margins paler rufous 7. ntfimargimtus, p. 247. 
(Margins darker rufous 8. frater, p. 248. 
1. Herpsilochmus pileatus. 
Myiothera pileata, Idcht Verz, Doubt p. 44; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1078. 
Formicivora pileata, Menttr. Mem. St Petersb. ser. vi. (Sci. Nat) 


t. i. p. 485 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 78. 
Thamnophilus pileatus, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. pt. i. p. 12 ; 6* Orb, Voy.f 
Ois. p. 175. 
Herpsilochnxus pileatus, Cab. Wiegm.Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 224 j Bp. 
Camp. I p. 199; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 233 ; Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 80 ; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 71; iid. P.Z. S. 1879, p. 624 (Bolivia); 
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (N.E. Brazil) j Salv. Cat. Strickl Coll 

p. 347. 
Above cinereous; cap black; superciliarios white; dorsal spot 
black mixed with white ; wings black; apical spots on coverts and 
outer margins of external secondaries white; tail black tipped with 
white : beneath pale cinereous, throat and middle of belly nearly 
white; bill plumbeous; feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 1*8, 
tail 1*5. Female similar, but cap spotted with white (Mhietries), 

Hab. S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 

a. S ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Herpsiloclmms stictous. 
Herpsilochmus sticturus, Salo. Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (Brit. Guiana). 
Similar to H. pileatus, but the middle rectrices with two white spots 
on the inner webs, and with rather more black on the intcrscapulium. 
Hab. British Guiana. 

a. $ ad. sk, Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana (Whitdy). Salvin-Godman Coll.) 
b, c. (S ad. Bartica Grove, Brit.' Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. j 
sk. (Whitelu). (Types of the species.) 
d, e. <5 ? ad. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
sk. (Whitely). 

246 
FOBMICARIIDiE. 

3. Herpsilochmus dorsimacnlatus. 
Herpsilochmus 
dorsimaculatus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 80, 151 (Rio 
Negro). 
Herpsiloclimus, sp. inc., Said. Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above cinereous; cap black; superciliaries extending to nape 

white; dorsal spot black- mixed with white; wings black with 

white edgings ; tail black, with white tip and white bars on the 

two lateral and two central feathers : beneath pale cinereous, throat 

and middle of belly more white; bill and feet plumbeous : whole 

length 4-5 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2*1. Female similar, but cap spotted 

with white and breast slightly fuscous. 

Hob. Guiana and Rio Negro. . . . 

This species is larger than the last two, has a longer tail, and the 
two middle xectrices are regularly barred. 

a,b. £ ad.; c, Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. g ad.; e. 
$ jr. sk. 
f,g. $ ad; h,i. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
2 ad. sk. 
j, <$ ad.sk. Twek-quay, Brit. Guiana [Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

4. Herpsilochxmis longirostris. 
Herpsiloclimus longirostris, Pelz. 0)m. Bras. pp. 80, 150. 
Above cinereous; cap black; lores and superciliaries white; dorsal 
spot white mixed with black; wings black edged with white, coverts 
broadly tipped with white; tail black broadly tipped with white, 
nearly whole apical half of outer rectrix white : beneath white; 
breast and sides of belly slightly freckled with cinereous ; bill plumbeous 
; feet blackish: whole length 5'5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2*4. 
Female. Above pale cinereous; wings and tail as in the male; whole 
head and neck above rufous : beneath cinnamomeous, paler on the 
lower belly. 

* 
Hab. Matto Grosso, Brazil. 
The large size and peculiar colour of the female distinguish this 
fine species from H. pileatus and its allies. 
a, b. $ 2 ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 


(II. R. Smith). 
5. Herpsilochmus atricapillus, 
Herpsilochmus atricapillus, 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 80, 150; Scl. et 
ISalv. Nomencl. p. 71. 

Above cinereous; cap black; superciliaries white; dorsal spot 
small, white with a little black; wings black, edged with white; 
tail black, broadly tipped with white on lateral rectrices, median 
rectrices with narrow white terminations : beneath white, belly 
tinged with ochraceous ; bill pale brown, beneath pale whitish; feet 

12 . HEKPSILOCHMUS. 
brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-1, tail 2-L Female similar, 
but cap spotted with white, and bally doopor ochracoous (Pelzehi). 
Ilab. Interior of S.E. Brazil. 

a. $ ad. sk. (imp.). Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclator Coll. 
b. d 
ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclator OolL 
(Authentic specimen.) 
6. Herpsilochmus pectoralis. 
Ilerpsilochmus pectoralis, Sclator, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 132, et 1858, 

p. 233 (Brazil); id. Cat A. B. p. 178 ; Sol. et Solo. Nomencl. 
p. 71. 
Above cinereous; cap black; front and suporciliarios white; 
dorsal spot black mixed with white; wings black, edged with 
white; tail black, broadly tipped with white on the lateral and 
narrowly on the median rectriccs : beneath pale cinereous; throat 
and middle of belly white; large pectoral spot black; bill pale 
brown ; feet black : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 2*1, 

Hah. H.E. Brazil 

The black pectoral spot renders this species readily recognizable. 

as.Ad.sk. Bahia (Wuclierer). Salvin-Godman Coll.) (Types of 
b-cl Ad. sk. Bahia. Sclater Coll. ( the species.) 

7- Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus. 

Myotliera rufimarginata, Temm. PL Col 182. fig. 1. 

Myiothera variegata, Licht. in Mus, Berol. 

Formicivora rutunarginata, Menetr. Mem, Acad. St Petersb. s^r. vi. 

(Sci. Nat) 1.i. p. 487; Burm. Syst Ueb. iii. p. 79. 

Myiothera scapularis, Max, Beitr. iii. p; 1088. 

Ilerpsilochmus rufimarginatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 224; 

Bp. Consp. i. p. 190; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 233; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 178; Pdz. Orn. Bras. p. 80; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 71; Tacz, 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 530 (0. Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 34. 
Above cinereous ; capk and nape black; superciliaries white ; 
dorsal spot black slightly mixed with white; wings black, coverts 
and outer secondaries margined with white ; rest of wing-feathers 
margined with dark rufous ; tail black, tipped with whito: beneath 
pale sulphur-yellowish, throat whitish; bill blackish, beneath paler ; 
feet black: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1*9. Female 
similar, but head rufous. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a. <$ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. ' 
b,c. J ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wuchercr). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
248 F0EMICA.EIIDJ2. 

8. Herpsiloclmms frater. 
Herpsiloclimus frater, Sol et Sato. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 159 (Ecuador). 
Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S, 1868, p. &28 
(Venezuela). 

Similar to B. rufimarginatus, but back tinged with olivaceous and 
with, a very slight black and white dorsal spot: wing-margins 
chestnut. 

Hah Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

fyh 6 2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll.) ^vr>es of 
(Buckley). [K $-Q 
c,d. (S 2 ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Sclater Coll. f Q„ar.:aa \ 

8Vecie3'>

(Buckley). )

e. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, g. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
A. <$ ad. sk. San Esteban, Vene- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
zuela (Goering). 
13. FOKMICIVORA* Type 
Formicivora, Sw. Zool. Journ, ii. p. 145 (1825) F. squamata. 
Ellipura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 228 (1847).. F. ferruginea. 
Microrhopias, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 182 (1802) F. quixensis. 

„ This is a fairly well-defined group of about fifteen species, recognizable 
by their mostly small size, slender bills, and lengthened 
tails, in which the rectrices are in some cases reduced to ten in 
number. The Formicivorce are spread over all the area occupied by 
the subfamily. 

Key to the Species. 

A, Upper surface not wholly black ,• tail longer, 
more rounded. (Group of F. grisea.) 

a. Throat, breast, and middle of belly black. 
a'. Flanks white. 
I Superciliaries narrower 1. grisea, p. 249. 
I Superciliaries broader 2. intermedia, p. 250. 

b'. Flanks rufescent 3. rufatra, p. 250. 
h Throat and neck black ; belly white ..... . 4. strigllata, p. 251. 

c. Throat white,- breast black 5. speeiosa, p. 251. 
d. Throat and breast ferruginous 6. ferruginea^ p. 252, 
* Befer also to :— 
1. F. leucophthalma, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 83, 155 (Brazil). 
2, F, ruficauda, Pelz. I. c. (Brazil). 
3. F. melanogaster, Pelz. op. tit. pp. 83, 154 (Brazil). 
[I have examined what appears to be a specimen of this species, Mus. 
Kiliens. (JBehn) ex G-oyaz. It seems to be nearest to F. grisea, but is 
without white on the flanks.] 

4, F. virgata, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 182 (Panama). 

13 . FORMICIVORA. 
249 

e. Throat and breast striated. 
c'. Tail blackish, with broad white end. 
I Tail shorter 7. striata, p. 252. 
] Tail longer 8. caudata, p. 253. 

d\ Tail rufous 0. ge?imi, p. 25& 
e'. Tail dusky brown ,.,, . 10. malum, p. 254. 
/'. Tail black, with white cross bands 11. squamata, p. 254. 

B. 
"Upper and under surfaces (of males) black; 
tail shorter, less rounded. (Group of F. 
houcardi) 
f. Outer rectrix black with white tip. 
g'. Female uniform beneath. 
j Female beneath brighter 12. houcardi, p. 254. 
) Female beneath darker la. consobrina, p. 255. 

h'. Female with black throat 14. quLvensis, p. 250. 

g. Outer rectrix nearly wholly white 15. bicolor, p. 250. 
1. Formicivora grisea. 
Le grisin de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 043. fig. 1. 
Turdus griseus, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 39. 
Motacilla grisea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 904. 
Thamnophilus griseus tf, tyrix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 29, pi. 41.fig. 1 (Para). 
Formicivora nigricollis, JSio. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 147; MenStr. Mem. 


Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (Sci. Nat.) t. i. p. 482, pi. iii. fig. 1 (tf). 
Myiothera superciliaris, Licht Doubl p. 44; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 10073. 
Myiothera leucophrys, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1075. 
Formicivora delnzae, Menetr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. se*r. vi. (Sci. 

Nat.) t. i. p. 484, pi. 5.fig. 2 ($). 
Formicivora grisea, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 225 ; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 199; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 238; id. Cat. A. B. p. 181; 
Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 83; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 570 (L. Amazons); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 72; Layard, IUs, 1873, p. 387 (Para); 
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 348 (N.E. Brazil); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 420 
(Brit. Guian,). 
Ellipura grisea, Burm. Sgst. Tleb. iii. p. 07. 

Above dark brownish grey; narrow superciliaries white; wing-
coverts black, tipped with white; tail-feathers black, with broad 
white tips: beneath, throat, breast, and middle of belly black; crissum 
grey; flanks and under wing-coverts white; bill and feet 
black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 2. Female. Above 
like the male, but rather paler: beneath ochraceous ; under wing-
coverts white. 

Bab. Guiana and Brazil. 

a.b. 
S ? ad. sk. Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
c. d. S ? ad.; e. S Quonga, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. (WhUely). 
f,g. <$ 5 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

h. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
J. Rothery, Esq. [P.l 
i. J 
ad, sk. Rio Tocantins, Brazil (WaU Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lace). 
j, h. <$ 2 ad. sk. Para, Brazil (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 

I. $ ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
250 P0RMICAEIID2E. 
m, n. <Jad.; o,p.
$ ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q, r. S 2 ad. sks. Skeleton. 
S.EL Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
Eyton Coll. 

2. Formicivora intermedia. 
Myiotliera leucophrys, Zicht. in Mus. Berol. 
Formicivora intermedia, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 225; Sclater, 


F. Z. S. 1858, p. 238 ; id. Cat A. B. p. 181; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, 
p. 85 (Trinidad); /SfcJ. ^ Atoto. P. #. A 1868, pp. 108, 628 (Venezuela) 
; iid. Nomencl. p. 72 • Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 (Bucaramanga); 
/Sfrfo. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 171 (Sta. Marta) ; Berk J. 
f. 0.1884, p, 308 (Bueararnanga)^ 
Formicivora leucophrys, Bp. Consp. i. p. 200. 
Similar to F. grisea, but with broader white superciliaries and 
wing-margins. Female nearly pure white beneath. 
Hal. Venezuela and Colombia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Cumana, Venezuela {Dyson). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. tf 2 a<i«sk« Carupano, Venezuela {Goer- Salvin-Gfodman Coll. 
ing). 
d-f. 6 ad. sk. Trinidad. Gould Coll. 

g. $ ad. sk. Tobago. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. 
<$ ad. ; i. $ jr. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
j. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. <$ jr. sk. Vicinity of Bogota (Nelson). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. $ jr. sk. Valle Dupar, Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
U. S. O. {Simons). 
w, n. <3 5 a(^ s^« Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Si- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mom), 

o. S ad. sk. S. America (Bridges). Eyton Coll. 
3. Formicivora rufatra. 
Thamnophilus griseus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. pi. 40. fig. 1 ($ ). 
Thamnophilus rufater, Lafr. et cFOrb, Syn. Av. i. p. 12 (1837). 
Formicivora rufatra, cVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 180; Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 

1847, pt. i. p. 22o ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 199; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, 

p. 239 ; id. Cat A. B. p. 181 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Mem. ii. p. 12 ; 
Feb. Orn. Bras, p 83 j Set. et Salv. Nomencl p. 72; iid. P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 16 (Peru), et 1879, p. 024 (Bolivia); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, 
p. 348 (N.E. Brazil); Taos. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 49; Berlepsch, J. f. 0. 
1887, p. 120 (Paraguay). 
Formicivora nigricollis, M&netr. Mem. Acad. St. Fetersh. ser. yi. (Sci. 
Nat) t. i. p.482, pi. iii. fig. 2 ($). 
Formicivora superciliaris, Burm. Syst TJeb. iii. p. 74. 
Myiotliera rufa, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1095 ($). 
Formicivora rufa, MSnStr. Mim. Acad. St. Fetersb. ser. vi. (Sci. Nat.) 

t. i. p. 497, pi. ix. fig. 1; Sclater, F. Z. S. 1858, p. 240; id. Cat 
A. B. p, 182. 
Eliipura rufa, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 229; Bp, Consp. i. 
p. 201 j Burm. Syst TJeb. iii. p. 70 ($ ). 
Above clear coffee-brown; superciliaries white; wing-coverfcs 
black, with white tips; tail-feathers blackish, with broad white 

251 

13 . F0BMICIVOBA. 
ends: beneath, throat, breast, and middle of belly black; sides of 
belly and under wing-coverts white; ilanks and inner margins of 
wings brown, like the back, but paler; bill and feet black: whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2-2. Female like the male, but 
throat, breast, and belly white, with black stripes. 

Hab. Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. 

This is quite a distinct species, easily known from the two former 
by its reddish-brown back, brownish Hanks, and the black beneath 
being only extended to the middle of the belly. The female is also 

quite different. 
a. $ ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. d. (S $ ad. sk.
e. cS ad. sk. 
Pernambuco (Forbes). 
Bahia (Wucherer). 
Bahia. 
Bahia. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . (S ad. sk.
{/, h> <3 2 a( l ^
i. 3 ad. sk.
/, k. 3 $ ad. sk.
I, m, $ ad. sk. 
S.E. Brazil. 
Chapada, Matto Grosso. 
Maranura, Peru (Whitely). 
Bolivia. ' 
Orinoco (?). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
T. Bridges [0.]. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 

4. Formicivora strigilata. 
Myiothera strigilata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1064. 

Formicivora strigilata, Ifenetr, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb, &Sr. vi. (Sci. 
Nat.) t. i. p. 403; ScL P. Z. S. 185S, p. 242 (S.E. Brazil); ScL 
et Salv. Nomenel. p. 72. 

Above clear reddish brown with black stripes; long superciliaries 
white; wings and tail black, with white tips to the wing- and 
tail-feathers: beneath white, throat and breast black; flanks 
and crissum fulvescent; under wing-coverts white: whole longth 
5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2-3. ^Female similar, but throat white, and 
a few black stripes on th&*"sra*es of the breast. 

Ilab. S.E. Brazil. ' 

The large size and black throat distinguish this fine species. 

a, b, c? 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c,d. <$ $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

5. Formicivora speciosa. 
Formicivora speciosa, Salv, Ibis, 1876, p. 494 (Puna Island, Ecuador). 
Above olivaceous brown ; cap, nape, and sides of the head black, 
traversed by broad and long superciliaries of pale fulvous white; 
wings blackish, primaries narrowly edged with white ; outer secondaries 
and the adjoining coverts pale chestnut on their outer webs; 
tail blackish, outer webs of the two outer pairs of rectrices and 
slight tips of others greyish white: beneath clear ochraceous; 
throat nearly white, bordered beneath by a well-defined black cervical 
collar ; bill blackish ; feet pale hazel: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 2*3, tail 2-5. Female similar, but without the black gorget, 
and chestnut on wings paler. 

Bab, Western Ecuador. 

252 P0HMICAEITDJ3. 
A large and beautiful species, easily known by its black cervical 


collar. 
aj b. $ Jc. 2 ad. sd. e. S ? 
ad. sk.
k.
ad. sk. 
Puna Island, Ecuador(Villagomez). 
Puna Island, Ecuador(Buckley). 
Balzar Mts., Ecuador(Illingivorth). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the specie 
Salvin-Godnaan Coll. 
J 
\ 
j 
s.) 

6. Formicivora ferruginea. 
Myiothera ferruginea, Licht. DoubL p. 44 ; Temm. PI. Col. 132.tig. 3. 

Formicivora ferruginea, Menetr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (Set. 
Nat.) t. i. p. 488; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 239 (S.E. Brazil); id. 
Cat. A. P. p. 182; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 83; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 72. 
Drymopkila variegata, Such, Zool Journ. i. p. 559. 
Elliptira ferruginea, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 228; Pp. 
Consp. i. p. 200; Cab. et JSein. Mus. JSein. ii. p. 12. 

Above ferruginous; cap black, bordered by long white superciliaries; 
large dorsal spot white tipped with black; wings black, 
coverts and outer secondaries tipped with wbite; tail of ten feathers, 
black with broad wbite ends: beneath deep ferruginous red; under 
wing-coverts white: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 2-3. 
Female similar, but paler beneath. 
Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

a, b. (S 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. 
c, d. 3 J ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. <$ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
g. 
5 ad.; h. <$ S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
7. Formicivora striata. 
Thamnophilus striatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 29, pi. 40. fig. 2. 
Ellipura striata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 228; Burm. > 
TJeb. iii. p. 69 ; Cab. et Hem. Mvs. Plein. ii. p. 12. 
Formicivora malura, Menetr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. s6r. vi. (Sei. 
Nat.)t i. p.496(?). 
Formicivora striata, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 182; Salvod. Att. Accad. 
Torino, iii. p. 269 (18G8). 
Formicivora strigilata (err.), Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 72. 

Above grey, mottled with blackish; cap black; superciliaries 
white; dorsal spot white tipped with black; lower back ferruginous 
; wings blackish, coverts black tipped with white ; tail-feathers 
black, with broad white ends : beneath white, with numerous black 
striations, lower belly and flanks ferruginous : under wing-coverts 
and inner margins of wing-feathers white: whole length 5 inches, 
wing 2-2, tail 2*3. Female similar, but more brownish above, and 
head brown with black striations: beneath on throat and breast 
brownish, with slight black striations. 
Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

13 . FOBMICIVOBA. 253 
a. c^ad.ak. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-dodman Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Bahia. Relator Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Relator Coll. 
d. e. 5 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
/ . (Albino.) S.E. Brazil Purchased. 

8. Formicivora caudata. 
Formicivora caudata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 185 i, p. 254, pi. 74, et 1855, 
p. 147 (Bogota), 1858, p. 240, et 1859, p. 142 (Ecuador); id. Cat 
A. J?.p. 182 j ScJ. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 72 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 525 
(Autioquia) $ Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 302 (W. Ecuador). 
Above black with white striations ; centre of cap black; rump 
ferruginous red; wings blackish, edged with rufous, coverts black 
with white tips • tail of ten feathers, very long, much graduated, 
black with white ends : beneath white striated with black; lower 
belly and flanks ferruginous: whole length 6 inches, wing 2*2, 
tail 3'2. Female similar, but paler, and almost white on the throat 
and breast. 

Hal. Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. 
The long tail at once distinguishes this species, which is otherwise 
something like F. striata. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased, 
c, d. ($ ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

e. c? ad.; /, g, Santa Elena, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
2 ad. sk. {Salmon), 
h. $ jr. sk. Monji, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godrnan Coll 
i. Jr. sk. Eio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
/. Jr. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser. 
k. 5 ad. sk. Venezuela (SalM). Sclater Coll. 
9. Formicivora gensei. 
Formicivora genei, Be Filippi, Cat. Mm. Medwl. p. 9 (1847) ; Scl. 
P. Z. S. 1858, p. 239 (S.E. Brazil) j Sahad. Att Accad. Torino, 
iii. p. 269 (18C8); Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 83. 
Formicivora erythrocerca, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 240, pi. 142 (Brazil). 
Above grey varied with black ; cap black, lores and superciliaries 
white* dorsal spot white; lower back ferruginous; wings black, 
wing-coverts tipped with white; tail rufous: beneath greyish white 
striated with black; lower belly, flanks, and crissum ferruginous: 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*7. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 

The rufous tail seems to distinguish this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Eyton Coll. (Type of F. erythrocerca.) 
254 
FOKMlCAEIIDiE. 

10. Formicivora malum. 
Myiothera malura, Temm. PL Col. 853. figs. 1, 2. 

Formicivora malura, MMtr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (ScL 

Nat) t. i. p. 400 j ScL P. Z. S. 1858, p. 241 (S.E. Brazil) ; Pek. 

Orn. Bras. p. 83; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 72. 

Ellipura malura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 228; Pp. Cvnsp. 

i. p. 200. 
Above plumbeous grey ; head and neck blackish with slight 

white striations; large dorsal spot white tipped with black ; wings 

and tail dark brown, wing-coverts black with white tips: beneath, 

throat and breast white, with numerous black striations ; belly like 

the back; under wing-coverts white: whole length 5'5 inches, 

wing 2-3, tail 3*2. Female somewhat similar, but brownish. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

The long uniformly coloured tail distinguishes this species. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. <$ ad. sk. (imp.). Brazil." 
Purchased. 
11. Formicivora squamata. 
Myiothera squamata, Licht. Doubl. p. 44; Max. Bcitr. iii. p. 1070. 
Formicivora maculata, Sw. Zool. Journ, ii. p. 147; MSnetr. Mem. 
Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (ScL Nat.) t. i. p. 494, pi. 5. fig. 1. 
Ellipura squamata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 229; Cab. et 
Hein. Mvs. Hem. ii. p. 11; Pp. Consp. i. p. 201; Purm. Sgst. Ueb. 

iii. p. 70. 
Formich ora squamata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 241 (S.E. Brazil); 
id. Cat, A. P. p. 182; Pek. 0m, Pras. p. 84 ; ScL et Salv. Nomencl, 

p. 72. 
Above black, with round white spots; cap black; superciliaries 
white ; wings black, with large white teiminal spots except on primaries 
; tail black, with large white spots on both webs of all the 
feathers : beneath white, with black shaft-spots: whole length 5*1 
inches, wing 2*1, tail 2*1. Female similar, but spots on body above 
ochraceous, and less distinctly spotted beneath; flanks and crissum 
fulvous. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

The regular spots on all the rectrices distinguish this species. 

a. J ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. $ ad.; c, d. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
ej. 6 $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

g. $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
h. (S ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
12. Formicivora faoucardi. 
Formicivora boucardii, ScL P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 241, 300 (S. Mexico), 
1850, p. 55 (Honduras) et p. 383 (S.W. Mexico); id. Cat. A. P. 

13 . PORMICXVOBA. 
2b§ 
p. 183; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 110; iid P. Z. S. 18(54, p. m 
(Panama), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 72 ; Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. p. 4(50 (Panama), et ix. p. 108 (Costa Pica); 
Frantz.J, f. 0. 1809, p. 30,5 (Costa Pica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. 105 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 (Nicaragua) j Boitc. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 01 (Costa Pica) j Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 405 
(Nicaragua). 
Above and beneath coal-black ; large dorsal spot pure white with 
black border; wing-coverts black with rounded terminal spots of 
white; tail black, with white ends to the lateral roctrices; under 
wing-coverts pure white: whole length 4 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1*8. 
Female. Above rather more ashy black: beneath uniform bright 
chestnut. 

Hab, Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama. 

0> &• 6 2 ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. c? ad. sk. Acatepec, Mexico. A. Sall6 [0.]. 
d, e. (S 2 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
f,g. 6 2 ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz. 0. Salvin [C.]. 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. 6 ad. sk. 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll. 
/, k. 6 2 ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin [0.]. 

i. 2 ad. sk. 
/. § ad. sk. Sources of Pio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Vera Paz (Salvin). 

m. 6 ad. sk. Guatemala (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
n. 6 ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o9p. 6 2 ad. sk. Pej£, Costa Pica (Off nmoZ). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q, r. 6 j ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Pica (Car-• Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
s, t 6 $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
tt. 6 ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 

v. $ ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w,x. 6 2 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
13. Formicivora consobrina. 
Foimicivora 
consobrina, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 279, 294 (Ecuador); 
id. Cat. A.B. p. 183; ScL et Salv. JSmnencl. p. 72; iid. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. rr25 (Antioquia); Berl. et Teres. P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 505 (W. Ecuador). 
Similar to F. boucardi, but white tips of outer roctrices wider, 
and female beneath of a much darker chestnut. 
Eab. Ecuador, Colombia, and Cayenne. 

a. 6 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. ((Types of 
b. 2 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. ( the species.) 
c. 2 
ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing-Sabin-Godman Coll. 
tvorth). 
d. 6 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 6 ad. sk. Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f,g< 
6 2 ad. Pocime, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. (Salmon). 

256 FORMICAKIIDJE. 
h. $ ad. sk.
i. 5 ad. sk.
j . S ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk. 
Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. 
Antioquia, U. S.C. (Salmon). 
Bogota. 
Cayenne. 
T. Salmon [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 

14. Formicivora quixensis. 
Thamnophilus quixensis, Com. Vert. St/n. p. 12 (tf). 
Thamnophilus rufiventer, Corn. Vert. Syn. p. 12 ( J ). 
Pyriglena quixensis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 112, et 1858, p. 66 (Rio 


*Napo). 
Pyriglena rufiventris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 112, et 1858, p. 67 (Rio 
"Napo). 
Formicivora quixensis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 241 (Rio Napo) ; id. 
Cat A. B. p. 182; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 566, et 1873, 

p. 275 (Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 72; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 51. 
Similar to F. consobrina and F. boucardi, "but with the throat 
black in the female; abdomen of female dark chestnut as in 

F. consobrina; "white tail-ends not quite so broad. 
Hab. Ecuador and Peru. 
a. 5 ad. sk. Nauta, Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, 2 a(i- sk* Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c,d. (S 2 ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
eif' <$ $ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
y, h. $ $ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
^. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll. 
15. Formicivora bicolor. 
Formicivora bicolor, Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 84, 156 j Scl. et Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 185, 780 (Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 72 j Tacz. 
Orn. Per. ii. p. 50. 
Jet-black above and below; very large dorsal spot occupying 
nearly the whole back pure white, with black tips to the feathers ; 
wing-coverts black with round white apical spots; tail black, outer 
pair of rectrices white, except at the base, next three pairs with 
broad white tips; under wing-coverts white: whole length 4*5 
inches, wing 2*2, tail 2. Female. Above like the male, but not 
quite so black; beneath dark chestnut. 
Hab. Peru. 

The nearly wholly white colour of the outer pair of rectrices 
distinguishes this species. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Rio Madeira, Brazil {Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b, c. <$ 5 ad« s&» Cosnipata, Peru {WMtely). Sclater Coll. 

d. <$ ad.sk. Cosnipata, Peru {Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
14. TEREtfURA..
14. 
TERENUKA*. _ 
Typo. 
Terenura, Cab. et Ilein. Mas. Rein. ii. p. 11 (18/50) T. maculata. 
This little group leads away from Formicivora to Psilorhamphus 
and Rhamphocmius. The bill is hardly longer than in Formidvora, 
but smaller; the nostrils are more elongated, and have a slight 
membranous operculum as in Psilorhamphus. The tail is rather 
long, thin, and delicate; the tarsi are more like those of Formidvora, 
and show the divisions of the scutes. 

Terenura occurs in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Breast with black shaft-stripes; cap striped . 1. maculata, p. 257. 
B. Breast unspotted; cap black. 
a. 
Belly yellowish. 
j Bend of wing yellow 2. callinota, p. 257. 
j Bend of wing chestnut 3. humeralis, p. 258. 
b. Belly greyish white 
4. spodioptila, p. 258. 
1. Terenura maculata. 
Myiothera maculata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1088 (1831). 
Leptorhynchus striolatus, M&n&tr. Mhn. Acad. St. Petersb. se>. vi. 
{Scl Nat.) t. i. p. 517, pi. 10. fig. 2 (1835). 
Ellipura niaculata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 229 ; Bp. Consp. 

i. p. 201. 
Raraphocaenus maculatus, Burm. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 73. 
Formicivora maculata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 242 (S.E. Brazil). 
Terenura maculata, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p^-1; Scl. Cat. A. B. 
p. 183; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 84; Scl et Salv. JVcbmicl p. 72; Cab. 
J.f. 0. 1874, p. 85 (S. Brazilj. 
Above yellowish olive, upper back and outer secondarie 
red; head black, thickly striped with white ; wing-covert 
tipped with white; wing- and tail-feathers blackish, with sligE? 
olivaceous edgings: beneath pale sulphur-yellow; throat white; 
breast marked with small black shaft-stripes; whole length 4 inches, 
wing 1*7, tail 1*7. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 
a, b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
d. 
Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
2. Terenura callinota. 
Formicivora 
callinota, Scl P. Z. S. 1855, p. 89, pi. xcvi., et p. 147, 
et 1858, p. 242 (Bogota). 
Terenura callinota, Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 72 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 530 (C. Peru); id. Orn. PCr. ii. p. 52; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 
1885; p. 118 (Ecuador). 
Above greenish olive ; cap black ; lores and sides of head whitish; 

* Refer also to 
(1) T. melanoleuca, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 84, 157 (Brazil). 
VOL. XV. 
fi 

258 
F0HMICAEIID-3B. 

lower back bright chestnut; wings and tail blackish, with olivaceous 
edgings; wing-coverts black, broadly tipped with white; bend of 
wing and adjoining coverts bright yellow: beneath pale greenish 
yellow; throat and breast pale cinereous; under wing-coverts 
sulphur-yellow: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-2, tail T7. 

Bab. Veragua, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. $ ad. sk. Near Nanegal, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. <5 acl. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. (Type of 
the species.) 
3. Terenura humeralis. 
Terenura humeralis, 
Sol et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 159 (Ecuador) j 
iid. Ibis, 1881, p. 270, pi. ix. figs. 2, 3. 

Above olivaceous ; cap and nape black ; lores and sides of head 
pale grey; lower back, bend of wing, and adjoining smaller coverts 
bright chestnut, middle and greater coverts blackish, with broad 
tips of pale yellow: beneath pale cinereous; abdomen pale yellowish; 
under wing-coverts pale yellow : whole length 3*6 inches, wing 2, 
tail 1*5. Female similar, but cap brownish, and without the chestnut 
on the wings. 

Hab. Eastern Ecuador. 

Immediately distinguishable from T. callinota by its chestnut bend 

of the wing. 

a, b. c? ? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. $ ad. sk. Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buckley). Selater Coll. 
4. Terenura spodioptila. 
Terenura spodioptila, 
Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 270, pi. ix. fig. 1 
(Brit. Guiana) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 426. 

Above dark cinereous ; superciliaries white; cap black; sides of 

head pale cinereous; back bright chestnut; wing-coverts with 

broad white ends: beneath pale cinereous, white on the throat and* 

breast; under wing-coverts white : whole length 3-7 inches, wing 

1*9, tail 1*5. Female similar, but head brownish, and throat slightly 

dusky. 

Hab. British Guiana. 

Eeadily known from the two preceding species by the want of 

any bright colour on the bend of the wing, and the pale cinereous 

belly. 

a. tf ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). (Type of the species.) 
b, c. $ $ ad. sk, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

15 . PSILORHAMPHUS. 
259 

15. 
PSILORHAMPHUS. 
Type. 
Leptorhynchus, MinUries, M6m. Acad. St. Pitersb. ser. vi. 
(Sol. Nat.) t. i. p. 515 (1835) P. guttatus. 
Psilorhamphus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 00 P. guttatus. 

Bill and foot of Psilorhamphus guttatus. 

This Brazilian monotype is certainly a peculiar form, remarkable 
for its long thin bill, long, thin, and smooth tarsi, and its long and 
much graduated tail. It is clearly allied to Rhamphoccenus, and like 
it has the elongated nostrils partly covered by a membrane, but the 
beak is not nearly so long. 

1. Psilorhamphus guttatus. 
Leptorliynchus guttatus, MSnitr. Mim. Acad. St. Pitersb. ser. vi. (Set. 

Nat.) t. i. p. 516, pi. x. fig. 1. 

Rampkocaenus guttatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 73. 

Psiloramphus guttatus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 90, et 1858, p. 243; id. 

Cat. A. B. p. 183 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 72. 

Above cinereous ; rump rufous, with slight blackish cross bands; 
wings externally tinged with rufous ; back, wing-coverts, and external 
secondaries marked with small round white specks, which are 
slightly margined with black; tail-feathers greyish brown, tipped 
with white, and spotted on each web with small marginal spots of 
pale fulvous: beneath pale cinereous, white on the middle of the 
belly, which is thickly spotted with small round black specks; 
flanks and crissum rufescent, with narrow black cross bands ; under 
wing-coverts white ; bill above hazel, beneath pale yellowish; feet 
pale yellowish: whole length 5*3 inches, wing 2, tail 2*3, bill from 
gape 0*8, tarsus 1. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. 
S.E.Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
s2 

260 POKMICAKIIDJS. 
16. RHAMPHOCJENTJS : 
Type. 
Ramphocsenus, Vieill. Now. Diet, xxix. p. 5 (1819) R. melanurus. 

Acontistes, Sund. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 95 (1836) R. melanurus. 
Scolopacinus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 118 R. rufiventris. 
Microbates, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 155 (1873) R. collaris. 

Structure of Bhamphocanus rufiventris. 

This very peculiar group contains about six species of Wren-like 
birds, which are spread over the Neotropical Region, from Southern 
Mexico to Brazil. They are remarkable for their long, straight bill, 
in which the nostrils are placed in a narrow groove at the base and 
partly covered by a membrane, and their long smooth tarsi. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Tail long; rectrices graduated; bill longer, 
thinner. (Rhamphocce?ius.) 
a. 
Tail-feathers black. 
) Flanks rufous 1. melanurus, p. 260. 
) Flanks white 2. albiventris, p. 261. 
b. Tail-feathers with white ends 3. rufiventris, p. 261. 
B. 
Tail short; rectrices not graduated; bill 
shorter, thicker. (Microbates.) 
c. 
Without a pectoral collar. 
\ Belly lighter; throat nearly white.. 4. cinereiventris, p. 262. 
) Belly darker; throat striated ... . 5. semitorquatus, p. 262. 
d. With a pectoral collar 
6. collaris, p. 263. 
1. RhaxnphocaBnus melanurus. 
Rhamphocaenus melanurus, 
Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxix. p. 6 1. Enc. 
MM. p. 863; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 204, pi. 128; Burm. Syst. Ueb. 

iii. 
p. 72 j Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 11 ; Bp. Consp. i. 
# 
See my paper on this genus, Ibis, 1883, p. 92: also refer to 

(1) B. trinitatis, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 42 (Trinidad). 
16 . EIIAMPH0C2EN"US. 
p. 201; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 243; id. Cat. A. B. p. 183; id. 
Ibis, 1883, p. 94; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 570 (K. Oapim); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 73; Pelz. Dm. Bras. p. 84. 
Rhamphocaenus longirosiris, Licht. Nomencl Mm. Berol p. 22. 
Troglodytes rectiroatris, Siv, Zool. Ill ser. 1, pi. 140. 
Troglodytes gladiator, Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 751. 

Above mouse-brown: beneath, -whitish, rufescent on the flanks j 

tail blackish, exterior rectrix slightly paler on the outer half: 

whole length 4*7 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1-7. Female similar. 

Eah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. g. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil, 
Sclater Coll. 
h. 
Ad. sk. Rio Capim, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Wallace). 
2. Rhamphocsenus albiventris, 
Rhamphocaenus 
melanurus, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 750 
(Amazons), et 1808, p. 628 (Venezuela); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, 

p. 31 (N.E. Peru). 
Rhamphocaenus albiventris, Scl. Ibis, 1883, p. 05; Tacz. Orn. P4r. 
ii. p. 53 j Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 426 (Brit. Guiana). 
Similar to E. melanurus, but lower surface nearly uniform white. 
Hah. Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazonia. 

a. 
§ ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goqring). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. 
<$ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c. Ad. sk. 
CamacusaJ Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). 
d. Ad. sk. Quonga, Brit, Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Surinam (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk, 
(Type of the species.) 
/ . Ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. 
E. Bartlett [O.]. 
h. Ad. sk Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Rliampliocaeims rufiventris. 
Scolopacinus rufiventris, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 119. 
RhanrphocEenus rufiventris, Grat/, Gen. B. i. p. 157, pi. xlvii. fig. 2; 
Sol P. Z. S. 1857, p. 202 (SiW. Mexico), 1858, p. 244, et 1859, 

p. 383 (S.W. Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 184; id. Ibis, 1883, 
p. 95; Bp. Coyisp. i. p. 201; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399 
(Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 356 (Panama), 1879, p. 525 
(Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl p. 73; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. 
pp. 6,182 (Panama); Sab. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 145, et 1870, p. 195 
(Veragua); id. Ibis, 1869, p. 319 (Costa Rica); Berl et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 565 (W. Ecuador); Nutting, P. U. 8. N. M. vi. 
FOKMlCAEIIDiE. 

pp. 386, 405 (Nicaragua); Bidgw. P. U. S. N. M. x. p. 581 (Honduras). 
Rharnpnocsenus sanctae-niarthae, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 380; id. Cat. 

A. £. p. 184. 
Above brownish cinereous; cap slightly rufescent; sides of head 
rufous: beneath pale reddish ochraceous, throat nearly white ; tail 
black, three exterior rectrices tipped with white: whole length 
5*3 inches, wing 2*2, tail 2. Female similar. 

Eab. Guatemala and Central America down to Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Coban, Guatemala. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Central America. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Lanquin, Vera Paz (Salvi?i). Tweeddale Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
Purchased. 
j. 
Ad. sk. Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arci). 
k. $ ad. ^ Bugaba, Ohiriqui (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. d ad. sk. Santa Fe", Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of R. sancfm-marthce.) 
q. Ad. sk. Medellin,Antioquia,U. S. C(SaU Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mon). 
r. 
Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon). 
s. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. T. Salmon [C.]. 
t, u. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
4. Rhamphocsenus cinereiventris. 
Rhamphocsenns 
cinereiventris, Scl P. Z. S. 1855, p. 76, pi. 87, et 
1858, p. 244 j id. Ibis, 1883, p. 96 j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 73 : 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 565 (W. Ecuador). 

Above brown; sides of head behind the eyes rufous: beneath 

cinereous, belly nearly white in the middle; tail blackish : whole 

length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1*3. Female similar. 

Hab. Ecuador. 

«, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
5. Rhamphocaenus semitorquatus. 
Rhamphocsenus 
semitorquatus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p, 409 
(Panama), et ix. p. 108 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 145, 

17 . CERCOMACRA, 
203 

et 1870, p. 195 (Ver«#ua); ScL H Salv. Mmencl. p. 73: Banc. 

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 01 (Costa Kica); ScL Ibis, 1883, p. 9iJ. 
Rhampliocsenus 
cinereiventris, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 525 
(Antioquia). 

Similar to B, cimreiventris, but throat slightly striated and belly 
darker. 
Hob. Yeragua and Colombia. 


a. Ad.sk. Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
b, c <$ J ad. sk. Veragua (Ard). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
d. Ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
6. Rhamphocaeims collaris. 
Rhanrphocsenus collaris, 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 84 157: ScL Ibis, 
1883, p. 96, pi. iii. 
Microbates torquatus, ScL et Salv. NomencL pp. 72, 161. 

Above uniform mouse-brown; sides of head blackish, narrow 
superciliaries and cheeks white: beneath white; pectoral collar 
black; flanks and crissum dusky : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2, 
tail 1. 

Hob. Cayenne and district of Rio Negro. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of Microbates torquatus.) 
17. CERCOMACRA. Type, 
Cercomacra, ScL P. Z. S. 1858, p. 244 C. caerulescens. 
This group leads off from Formicivora towards Pyriglena, and is 

a stronger and larger form of the former genus, with short wings 
and elongated tail, composed usually of only ten much graduated 
rectrices, and with the bill much wider and moro flattened than in 
Pyriglena. The uropygial plumes are much thickened. 

Cercomacra is distributed over the Neotropical Region from 
Southern Mexico down to S.E. Brazil and Bolivia, 

Keg to tlie Species. 

A. General colour cinereous. 
a. Tips of tail-feathers white. 
a'. Wing-coverts margined with white. 
| White ends of tail-feathers narrow. 1. ccerukscens, p. 264. 
j White ends of tail-feathers broad.. 2. cinerascem, p. 264. 

b'. Wing-coverts not margined with white. 3. napensis, p. 265. 

b. Without white tips to tail-feathers. 
J Lighter on the belly 4. tyrannina, p. 265. 
I Darker on the belly 5. approximans, p. 2 36. 
B. General colour black. 
c. Tips of tail-feathers white, 
c'. 
Above dark ashy black: beneath black. 
j Bill broader; tail shorter 6. nigricans, p. 267. 
j Bill narrower; tail longer 7. carbonaria, p. 267. 

264 
FORMICARIIDJS. 

d'. Above and beneath black. 
j White tail-ends broad 8. maeidicattdis, p. 2G8. 
J White tail-ends narrow 9. melanaria, p. 268. 

d. Tips of tail-feathers not white 10. hypo??ielcBna} p. 268. 
1. Cercomacra caerulescens. 
Myrmothera casrulescens, Vieill. Nouv. Diet xii. p. 110; id. Ene. 
MM. p. 680. 
Formicivora caerulescens, MSnStr. Mim. Acad. St. Pttersb. ser. vi. 
(Sci. Nat.) t. i. p. 499, pi. vi. figs. 1, 2. 
Ellipura caerulescens, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 229 ; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 201; Burm. Syst. Ueh. iii. p. 67. 

Cercomacra casrulescens, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 244 (S.E. Brazil) ; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 184; Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 84; Scl. et Salt. 
No-mend. p. 73. 

Above and beneath uniform cinereous ; large concealed dorsal spot 
white, edged with cinereous; wing-coverts blackish, with narrow 
white margins; axillaries and under wing-coverts white; tail 
rather darker, with narrow white ends to the rectriees; bill and 
feet blackish : whole length 6*4 inches, wing 2*4, tail 3*2. Female. 
Above pale brown; dorsal spot white: beneath paler, middle of 
breast and belly ochraceous. 

Hob. S.E. Brazil. 
a,b. 6 ? ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c.
e. 
<$ ad.; d. tf jr. sk. 
$ ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Para. 
Gould Coll. 
K. Grahain, Esq. [P.], 

2. Cercomacra cinerascens. 
Formicivora caerulescens, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 112 (Ecuador). 
Formicivora cinerascens, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 112, 1857, p. 131 
(Peru), et 1858, p. 67 (Bio Napo). 
Cercomacra cinerascens, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 186 (R. Ueayali), 
1867, p. 750 (E. Peru), et p. 978 (IT. Amazons), et 1873, 

p. 275 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl p. 73; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 31 
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 55; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 426 
(Brit. Guiana). 
Similar to C. ccerulescens, but rather darker in general colour, 
and with much broader white ends to the rectriees. 
Eab. Guiana and Amazonia. 

a,b. <$ $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
Cjd. d 2 a&- sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman ColL 
(Whitely). 

e. (S ad. sk. Guiana (Broton). Sclater Coll. 
/. $ jr. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. $ 
ad.; h. J Oliyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
i. (S ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
y. 
J jr. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haux- Gould Coll. 
well), 
k, 1.6 5 ad. Bio Napo. Purchased. 
sk. 

17 . CERCOMACRA. 
3. Cercomacra napensis. 
Cercomacra cinerascens, Scl P. Z. S. 1858. p. 245: id. Cat. A. B. 
p. 184. 
Cercomacra napensis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1808, p. 572 (Eio Napo); Scl. et 
Sab. Nornend. p. 73. 

Above and beneath uniform bluish cinereous ; small concealed 
dorsal spot white j wings and tail blackish; externa] rootrices with 
white ends; under wing-coverts whitish: wholo length 5-5 inches, 
wing 2-5, tail 2-7. 

Ifab. Ecuador and Guiana. 
This species is at once recognizable by its uniform wings, 


a. (S ad. sk. Eio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Type of the 
species.) 
b, c. 2 
ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 

d. $ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
e. cT ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
4. Cercomacra tyranniua. 
Pyiiglena tyrannina, Scl P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 90,147, pi. 98 (Bogota). 

Cercomacra tyrannina, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 245 (Bogota), 1859, 
pp. 55 (Honduras), 383 (S.W. Mexico), et 1860, p. 294 (Ecuador) j 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 184; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 84; ScL et Salv. Ibis, 
1859, p. 119 (Honduras), et 1860, p. 36 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 356 (Panama), et 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; Lawr. Ann. 
Lye. N. T. ix. p. 109 (Costa Eica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 145, 
1870, p. 195 (Veragua), et 1883, p. 424 (Panama); id. Ibis, 
1885, p. 427 (Brit. Guian.); Franiz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 305 (Costa 
Eica) ; Zayard, Ibis, 1873, p. 387 (Para); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 530 (C. Peru), et 1882, p. 31 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii. 
p. 54; Bono. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 61 (Costa Eica); Eidgw. P. U. 8. 
N. M. vi. pp. 386, 405 (Nicaragua); Berl et Tacz. P. Z. & * 
1883, p. 565 (W. Ecuador); Berl J. f. 0. 1884, p. 308 (Bucaramanga). 
Dysithamnus 
rufiventris, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 131 (1865) 
(of. Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 316). 

Above cinereous, large concealed dorsal spot white; wings and 
tail brownish black; wing-coverts black, with narrow white 
edgings; bend of wing pure white: beneath scarcely paler, but 
flanks and crissum more dusky; under wing-coverts cinereous ; inner 
margins of wing-feathers pale ashy : whole length b'2 inches, wing 
2-5, tail 2*4. Female. Above pale brownish olive; sides of head and 
body beneath deep ferruginous, flanks and crissum. brownish. 

Hab. S. Mexico and Central America down to Guiana and 

Amazonia. 
a. $ ad. sk. Mexico (SalU). Purchased. 
btc. $ J ad.; d. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6 jr. sk. 
e,f. $ ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll. 

2(56 
FGMICAR1IDJ3. 

g. 3 ad. sk. 
h9 i. 3 $ ad. sk. 

j. 3 ad. sk. 
h. J ad. sk. 
I J ad. sk. 
?n. 3 ad. sk. 
w. tf ad. sk. 
o,p. 3 $ ad. sk. 
q. 3 ad. sk. 
r. 3 ad. sk. 
s. 2 ad. sk. 
£. 3 ad. sk. 

w. J a(i- sk. 
v. tf ad. sk. 
w, x. 3 § ad. sk. 
y 3 ad. sk. 
z, a'. 3 $ ad.; 
6'. tfjr. sk. 
c'. 3 ad. sk. 
d'. 3 ad.; «',/'. 

$ ad. sk. 
g\ h'. 3 2 ad. sk. 

i'. 3 ad, sk. 

j'jk'. 3 ad.; /'. 
5 ad.; m'. 3 
jr. sk. 
n'} o'. 3 $ ad.; 

p\ 3 jr. sk. 
q\ 2 ad. sk. 
r', s'. 3 jr. sk. 
t',u'. 3 ? ad.sk. 
v\ 2 a<^-fik. 

Sources of Rio de la Pasion, 

Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Choctuin, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). 
Guatemala. 
Omoa, Honduras (Leyland), 
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). 
Santa Fe*, Veragua (ArcS). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). 

Mina de Chorcha, Veragua 

(Arce). 
Lion Hill, Panama (McLeannan). 


Paraiso Station. Panama 

(Hughes*). 
Chepo, Panama (Arce'). 
Panama (McLeannan). 
Panama (Markham). 
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 

Bogota. 
Roraima, British Guiana 


(Whitely). 

Roraima, British Guiana 
( Whitely). 
Caruacusa, British Guiana 


(Whitely). 

Bartica Grove, British Guiana 

(WMtely). 

Takutu R., British 
Guiana 

( Whitely). 
British Guiana ( Whitely). 
British Guiana (Brown). 
Rio Negro, Brazil (batterer). 
Para (Layard). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. (Types 

of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Sclater Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


5. Cercomacra approximans. 
Cercomacra approximans, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 85, 158; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomenel p. 73; Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 100 (Ecuador). 


Very closely allied to C. tyrannina and perhaps hardly different; 


rather darker on the belly. 
Hob. Interior of Brazil and Ecuador. 

a. 3 
ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). 
b. 2 
ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Natterer).
c. d. 3 2 
ad. sk. Mapoto, Ecuador (Stokmami). 
Sclater Coll. 

 Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimens.) 
Sclater Coll. 

17 . CERCOMACRA. 
207 
6. Cercomacra nigricans. 
Cercomacra nigricans, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 245; id. Cat. A. B. 

p. 184; Scl. et Salv. Nommcl p. 73; ud. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 520 
(Antioquia); Berl J.f. 0. 1884, p. 308 (Bucaramanga): Tacz. et 
Berk P. Z. S. 1885, p. 100 (Ecuador). 
Cercomacra maculosa, Sclater. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 270,294 ("Ecuador) : 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 184. 

Above dark asliy grey, dorsal spot and bond of wing white; 
wing-coverts black, edged with white; outer secondaries with narrow 
white ends; tail black, with broad white terminal spots : 
beneath black; flanks and crissum cinereous ; inner margins of 
wing-feathers white; bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, 
wing 2-7, tail 2*8. Female similar, but duller in colour, and beneath 
more or less varied with white striations. 

Ilab. Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. 

a. S 
jr. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Pfttghes). 
b. S ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. (Type of 
C. nigricans.) 
c. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Purchased. 
d. S ad. sk. Eemedios, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
g. S 
ad.; h. $ Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr. sk. 
ijj. S ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Itting- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
worth). 
Jc. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. G. Barclay [P.]. 


1. 5 ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gomez). 
m. (S jr. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser), Sclater Coll. (Type of 
C. maculosa,) 
n. $ jr. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.]. 
o, p. $ ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
7. Cercomacra carbonaria. 
Cercomacra nigricans, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 85. 
Cercomacra carbonaria, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 73, 161. 


Similar to 0. nigricans, but bill narrower, tail longer, and outer 
secondaries with narrow white terminations. Female. Above paler : 
beneath, throat white, with black specks; middle of breast and belly 
fulvous. 

Bab. Lower Amazonia, Rio Negro district. 

a, b. d $ ad. sk. Bio Brancho, Brazil Sclater Coll. (Types of 
(Natterer). the species.) 

268 FOKMICAKIIIXffi. 

8. Cercomacra maculicaudis. 
Pyriglena maculicaudis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 247 (Trinidad); Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 325 (Panama); Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 356 (Panama). 
Cercomacra maculicaudis, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 73. 
Above and beneath black; dorsal spot, bend of wing, margins of 
wing-coverts, inner margins of wing-feathers, and broad tips of tail-
feathers white ; bill and feet black: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 
2*8, tail 3. 

Hab. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad. 

a. S ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk.
c~e. Ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
{Hughes). 
Panama (McLeanna 
Bogota. 
Trinidad. 
* Trinidad.
n). Salvin-Godman CoU. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll.
the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of 

9. Cercomacra melanaria. 
Formicivora melanaria, Minitr. Mim. Ac. St. Pit. ser. vi. {So. Nat.) 

t. i. p. 500, pi. ix. fig. 2 (1835). 
Cercomacra melanaria, Pelz. Orn. Bras* p. 85; Scl, et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 73. 
Similar to C. maculicaudis, but rather larger; bill more compressed, 
and terminal spots on rectrices much smaller: whole length 
6 inches, wing 2*7, tail 3-1. Female. Above ashy grey, dorsal spot 
and tips of wing-coverts and tail-feathers white: beneath paler; 
middle of belly whitish. 

Hab. Central Brazil. 

a, b. (J $ ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natterer), Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimens.) 

10. Cercomacra hypomelasna. 
Above dull black; large dorsal spot, bend of the wing, and slight 
margins of wing-coverts white : beneath black, lower belly and 
flanks more cinereous; under wing-coverts freckled with white; 
bill and feet black: whole length 6*2 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2*4. 

Hal. S.E. Peru. 
This species resembles C. melanaria, but is of a rather duller 
black, and has no white tips to the tail-feathers. 

a. tf ad. sk. Cosnipata, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type 
( Whitely). of the species.) 
269 

18 . PYRIGLENA. 
18. PYRIQLENA. 
Type. 
Pyriglena, Cab. Wiegm. Arch, xiii. pt. i. p. 211 (1847). P. leucoptera. 
This is a small group of birds in which the males are of a uniform 

black plumage, relieved only by a concealed white dorsal spot and, 
in some species, by white edgings to the wing-coverts. The bill is 
compressed, and the loral plumes are short and erect. The tarsi 
are rather long and slender. Pyriglena occurs in Northern South 
America down to Brazil. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Larger: bill narrower. 
a. Wing-coverts edged with white 1. leucoptera, p. 269. 
b. Wing-coverts uniform black. 
I Bill stronger; tarsi shorter 2. atra, p. 270. 
{Bill weaker; tarsi longer 3. picea, p. 270. 
B. 
Smaller: bill broader; wing-coverts edged 
with white 4. serva} p. 271. 
1. Pyriglena leucoptera. 
Turdus leucopterus, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xx. p. 272 j id. Enc. MM. 
p. 666. 
Lanius notodelos, Cuv. in Mus. Par. 
Lanius domicella, Licht. Doubl. p. 47. 
Myiothera domicella, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1058. 
Formicivora domicilla, MinStr, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (Set. 
Nat) t. i. p. 503, pi. vii. figs. 1, 2. 
Pyriglena domicella, Cab. Wiegm. A7'ch. 1847, pt. i. p. 212; Bp* 
Consp. i. p. 202; Burm. Sijst. Xleb. iii. p. 50; Euler, J.f.O. 1867, 

p. 401 (Brazil). 
Drymophila trifasciata, Sw. Zool. Journ, ii. p. 152 ; id. Zool. III. ser. 2, 
pi. 27. 
Myrmeciza nielanura, Strickl. Ann. 8? Mag. N. II. xiii. p. 417 ($). 
Thamnophilus domicella, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn, Av. i. p. 11. 
Pyriglena leucoptera, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 246 (S.E. Brazil); 

id. Cat A. B. p. 185 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 85; Cab. et Hein. Mus. 
Jlein. ii. p. 10; Berl J.f.O. 1873, p. 254 (S. Brazil); ScL et Salv. 
mmencl p. 73; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 625 (Bolivia); Cab. J.f.O. 
1874, p. 85 (S. Brazil). 

Glossy black above and beneath; large dorsal spot, lesser wing-
coverts, and two distinct terminal bands across the middle and 
greater coverts pure white; bill and feet black: whole length 
6*8 inches, wing 3*1, tail S. Female. Above fulvous brown; tail 
blackish: beneath cinereous brown, paler in the middle of the 
belly. 

Bab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
c. d. <$ <j> ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
e. S 
ad. sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
270 
FOKMICABllD^E. 

/, g. <$ 2 ad. sk. 

h-k. & j ad. sk. 

/. $ ad. sk. 

m-p. 3 ad.; q. 

2 ad. sk. 
r, 2 ad. sk. 
s, £, u. $ ad. sk. 
t?. $ ad. sk. 

Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Rio, Brazil. 
Brazil. 


Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Gould CoU. 


Sclater Coll. 


M. Claussen [P.]. 
Purchased. 
2. Pyriglena atra. 
Drymophila atra, Sw. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 153. 
Formicxvora atra, MinUr. Mim. Acad. St. Pitersb. se"r. vi. (Scl Nat.) 


t. i. p. 505. 
Pyriglena 
atra," Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 212; Burm. Syst. 
TJeb. iii. p. 60; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 246 (Brazil); id. Cat. A. 

B. p. 185; Cab. et JSein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 10; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 576 (L. Amazons), et 1879, p. 625 (Bolivia); iid. No-
mend. p. 73; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 887 (Para). 
Fornricivora maura, Minitr. Mim. Acad. St. Pitersb. ser. vi. (Sci. 
Nat.) t. i. p. 506. 
Pyriglena rnaura, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 85. 

Above and beneath uniform black, large concealed dorsal spot 
white; bill and feet black: whole length 6'5 inches, wing 3, tail 
2-8. Female. Fulvous brown, with a large white dorsal spot; tail 
blackish : beneath pale fulvous, flanks and crissum brownish. 

Hob. Lower Amazonia and S.E. Brazil. 

a. (S ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (WalSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
lace). 
b. £ 
ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons Tweeddale Coll. 
(Layard). 
c. d. £ 2 ad* sk. Para, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 
{Layard). 
e,f. cS 2 ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, <$ ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Matto Grosso, Sclater Coll. 

Brazil (Natterer). 

h. $ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
3. Pyriglena picea. 
Pyriglena picea, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. siii. pt. i. p. 212; Sclater. 
P. Z. S. 1860, p. 279 (Ecuador); id. Cat A. B. p. 185; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 202; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 73; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 530 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 56; Berl. et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 566, et 1884, p. 302 (W. Ecuador). 
Formicivora atra, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 175. 
Similar to P. atra, but larger; beak weaker and tarsus longer. 
Hab. Peru and Ecuador. 
I am not satisfied that this species is distinct from P. atra. 

a. (J ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador ( Villagomex). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
19. GYMNOCICHLA. 271 
b, c. S ? ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
wortli). 
d. c? ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
/ . S ad. sk. Ecuador. L. Eraser [C.]. 
g. $ ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Eyton Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Fraser [0.1 
j . S ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador. L. Fraser f C.J. 
k. $ ad. sk. Ropaybarnba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. 

4. Pyriglena serva. 
Pyriglena 
serva, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 66, 247 (Rio Napo); id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 185; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 186, et 1873, 

p. 275 (Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 73 j Tacz. Orn. Fb\ ii. p. 56. 
Dull black above and beneath ; large concealed dorsal spot, bend 
of wing, and narrow edgings of wing-coverfcs white; bill and feet 
black : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2'6, tail 2'2. Female, Above 
olive-brown ; front, sides of head, and body beneath deep ferruginous 
red ; flanks and crissnm like the back. 

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. 

a, b. <S J ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

c. 
$ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
<3 jr. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased. 
e,f. 
tfad.; g. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 

g. 
J ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
J ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
i. 
J ad. sk. Cayenne (?). Sclater Coll. 
19. GYMNOCICHLA. 
Type. 
Gymnocichla, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 274 G. nudiceps 

Head of Gymnocichla nudiceps. 

The naked head characterizes this curious Central-American type. 
In other respects it is nearly allied to Pyriglena, but has a stronger 
bill. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Bend of wing black 
1. nudiceps, p. 272. 
B. Bend of wing white 
2. chiroleuca, p. 272. 
272 
F0RMICAKIIDJ2. 

1. Gymnocichla nudiceps. 
Myiothera nudiceps, Cassin, Proc. Ac. So. Phil. v. p. 106, pi. vi. 
Pyriglena nudiceps, Scl P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113, et 1857, p. 47. 
Gymnocichla nudiceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 274; Lector. Ann. Lijc. 

N. Y. vii. p. 294 (Panama); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 356 
(Panama) j iid. Nomencl p. 73; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 195 
(Veragua). 
Myrmelastes corvinus, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 182 (cf. Salv. Ibis. 1874, 

p. 317). 
Uniform black above and beneath; head naked, in life blue; 
concealed dorsal spot, narrow edgings of wing-coverts, and very 
slight tips of tail-feathers white; undersides of wings cinereous; 
bill and feet black : whole length 6*2 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*4. 

Hah. Veragua, Panama, and N. Colombia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Mina de Ohorcha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(ArcS). 
b. $ 
ad.; c, d. § Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arc&). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
e. (J ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
/. c? ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
#, h. <$ g ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(McLeannan). 

i. c? ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
j. § ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. <$ ad. sk. Panama. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
/. $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Purchased. 
2. Gymnocichla cMroleuca. 
Gymnocichla 
nudiceps, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 55 (Honduras) ; 
Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 119 (Honduras) ; Laiur. Ann. L. N. Y. 

ix. p. 109 (Costa Pica) * Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 305 (Costa 
Rica). 
Gymnocichla 
chiroleuca, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 417 ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 73; Salv. Ibis, 1869, pp. 314, 318. 

Like G. nudiceps, but bend of wing white • bill stronger and 
dorsal spot smaller. 
Hab. Honduras and Costa Rica. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
20. PERCNOSTOLA. 
Type. 
Percnostola, Cab. et JELein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 10 (1859).... P. funebris. 
This little section is of general sombre plumage, like Pyriglena • 

but has a stronger bill, which is wider at the base, and a subcrested 
head. There is no dorsal spot. 
The three species are found in Guiana and Amazonia. 

20. rERCN-OSTOLA. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Wing-coverts edged with white. 
I Larger 1. funebris, p. 273. 
| Smaller 2. minor, p. 274. 

B. 
Wing-coverts uniform 3. fortis, p. 274. 

Head, wing, and foot of Percnostola fortis. (P. Z. S. 18G7, p. 980.) 

1. Percnostola funebris. 

Merle roux de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 644. fig. 1 ($). 
Turdus rufus, Bodd. Tabl d. PI. Enl p. 39. 
Turdus ruflfrons, Gm. S. N. i. p. 825. 
Lanius funebris, Licht. Doubl. p. 47. 
Pyriglena funebris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 212. 
Lanius csesius, Cuv. in Mus. Paris. 
Thamnophilus ca>sius, Sal P. Z. S. 18,55, p. 19, pi. 82, et 1858, 


p. 212 ; id. Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. i. p. 248. 
Percnostola funebris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 10; Scl. Cat. 

A. 
B. p. 185; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 86; Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1860, 

p. 186, et 1873, p. 275 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 73 ; TOOL Orn. 
PSr. ii. p. 57 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above and beneath dark ashy; head subcrested, black; wings 
and tail black, wing-coverts narrowly margined with white ; bill 
black ; feet blackish: whole length 5*7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*3. 
Female. Above olive-brown ; lores and sides of head ferruginous; 
VOL. xv. T 

274 
FORMICARIID^S. 

wings and tail brown; wing-coverts blackish, with, broad ferruginous 
edgings: beneath ferruginous-red; flanks and crissum dusky. 
Hab. Guiana and Amazonia. 

a, 1). c? ? ad. sk. 
Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 

c. 3 jr. bk. Cayenne. 
Eyton Coll. 
d. d jr. sk. Cayenne. 
Purchased. 
e. J ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased. 
f,g. $ § ad. bk. llio Negro, Brazil (Natterer). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
h. S ad. sk. S. America. 
Gould Coll. 
i. _9 ad. sk. Brazil (?). E. Wilson, E*q. [P.]. 
/. S ad. sk. Nauta, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.J. 
2. Percnostola minor. 
Percnostola 
minor, Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 86, 150; Set. et Salo. 
Komencl. p. 73. 

{Similar to P. fumh'ls, but smaller; head less crested: female 
with narrower ferruginous edgings to the wing-coverts and paler 
beneath: whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*8. 

Hah. Eio Negro district of Lower Amazonia. 

a, b. $ ad.; c. Marabitanas, Eio Negro, Sclater Coll. ) 

d. $ ad. sk. Brazil (Natterer). 
I (Authentic 
e,/. 
d $ ad. Marabitanas, Eio Negro, Salvm-God-f" specimens.) 
Brazil {Natterer). man Coll. J 

3. Percnostola fortis. 
Percnostola fortis, Scl et Salo. P. Z. S.1867, p. 980, pi. xlv., et 1873, 
p. 275 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomenel. p. 73; Tact. P. Z. & 1882, p. 31 
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii, p. 58. 
Above dark cinereous; wings and tail nearly similar, lino along 
bend of wing white ; head subcrested, blackish: beneath as above, 
but throat and breast black; bill and feet black: whole length 
7-3 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*7, tarsus 1*4. Female. Above dark 
brown; head ferruginous; wings and tail rufous: beneath cinereous j 
flanks and crissum dusky. 

Hab. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 

a. cfad.; b, $ jr. Pebas, Peru (HaiLvzvell). Sclater Coll.) (Types 
sk. I of the 
c. 2 ad.sk. Chyavetas, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. j species.) 
d. <$ ad. sk. 
Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
21. HBTEBOCHBinS*. 
Type. 
Ilolocnemis, Strickl. Ann. N. II. xiii. p. 415 (1844) H. nrevia. 
Ileterocneinis, Sol. P. Z. S.1855, p. 146 H. neevia. 

As long ago as 1844 Strickland pointed out that the type of this 

* See also E. hi/poleuea, Eiclgw. Proe. IT. S. N. M. x. p. 523 (Lower Amazons). 
21 . HETEROCKEMIS. 
275 

genus differs from most of its relatives in the samo family in having 
the tarsi quite smooth, the divisions of tho scutes being obsolotc. 
Three other species now associated with it show tho samo structure, 
as do tho three succeeding genera to a somowhat loss extent. The 

Bill of Heterocnemis ncevia. 

tail is short and slightly rounded; the bill lengthened and compressed. 
Heterocnemis, as thus limited, appears to be only found in 
Guiana, Colombia, and Amazonia. 

Key to tlie Species. 

A. Belly striped 
1. ncevia, p. 275. 
B. Belly not striped. 
a. 
Breast cinereous. 
j Body beneath lighter 2. leucostigma, p. 276. 
) Body beneath darker 3. saturata, p. 276. 
b. Breast white 
4. argentata, p. 277. 
1. Heterocnemis naevia. 
Wall-Creeper of Surinam, Edicards, Birds, pi. 340 (tf). 
Sitta nsevia, Gm. S. X. i, p. 442. 
Fourmillier grivele de Cayenne, Daub. II. Enl. 823. fig. 1 ($). 
Turdus lineatus, Gm. 8. X. i. p. 828. 
Myioturdus lineatus, Menetr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. se>. vi. (ScL 


Watt) t. i. p. 471. 
Holocnemis nammata, Strickl. Ann. X. II. xiii. p. 415, pi. 13 (J). 
Holocnemisnaevius, StricJd. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 34, pi. 18. fig. 1(d), 

Holocnemis lineata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 214; id. in 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 085; Bp. Consp. i. p. 202. 

Heterocnemis naevia, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 247; id. Cat. A. B. p. 186 j 
Scl. et Salv. Xomencl p. 73; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 427 (Brit. 
Guiana). 

Above dark plumbeous; wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts 
terminated by small white round spots: beneath rather paler; 
throat and breast marked with white shaft-spots, which are longer 
and narrower on the upper belly; bill blackish ; feet light brown :• 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female. Above brown, 
with fulvous terminal spots on the coverts: beneath dirty white,* 
with brownish striations. 

Hab. Guiana and Cayenne. 


 T2 

276 
FORMICAHIIDJE. 

a, b. c? $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. d ad.; e,f. Caniacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. ( Whitely). 
g, S ad. sk. Brazil (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Heterocnemis leucostigma. 
Percnostola leucostigma, Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 8Q, 160. 
Heterocnemis leucostigma, Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 427 (Brit. Guiana). 
Heterocnemis simplex, Scl P. Z. S. 1868, p. 573 (Surinam) ; Scl et 


Salv. Nomencl p. 73. 

Above dark plumbeous; wings and tail black, with rounded 
white apical spots on the wing: beneath uniform pale plumbeous, 
rather lighter in the middle line ; bill above blackish: beneath 
whitish; feet brown : whole length 5*8 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-3. 
Female. Above brown; head cinereous ; wings and tail blackish; 
wing-coverts terminated by round fulvous spots: beneath clear 
ferruginous-red. 

Bab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Colombia. 
Graf v. Berlepsch has identified my Heterocnemis simplex with 
Pelzeln's Percnostola leucostigma, no doubt correctly (cf. Salvin, 


Z. s. c). 
a, c? ad. sk. Surinam (Bavtlett). Sclater Coll. 

(Type of II. simplex.) 
b, $ ad. sk. Surinam (Kappler). ^ Sclater Coll. 
c, d. $ $ ad.; e. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 


cJ jr. sk. ( Whitely). 
f, (S ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

g. S 
ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
h. 
2 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
2,/. c? $ ad. sk. Takntu R , Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). 


h. $ ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (JBartlett). Sclater Coll. 
I. § ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
w, n. <$ $ ad.; Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. <$ jr. sk. 
p. $ ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
3* Heterocnemis saturata. 
Heterocnemis saturata, Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 427 (Boraima). 


Similar to H. leucostigma, but altogether darker; lower surface 
scarcely lighter^than the back. 
Hal. Roraima district of Guiana. 


a,b. (S ?ad.sk. Poraima,Brit.Guiana(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

22. MTKMECI2A, 277 
4. Heterocnemis argentata. 
Ilerpsilochmus argentatus, Bes Mtirs, Voy. Casteln,, Ois. p. 53, pi. 17. 
Myrmeciza argentata, Scl. P. Z. & 1858, p. 250 (Upper Amazons) j 

Heterocuomis argentata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 749 (Oyapoc); 8cl. et 

Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 275 (E. Peru) j «W. JVomencL p. 73 j ZYw». 

Om. Per. ii. p. 59. 
Heterocnemis albiventris, Pels. Orn. Bras. pp. 87,161 ? 

Above blackish plumbeous; wing-coverts terminated by small 
round white spots: beneath white ; flanks and crissum plumbeous; 
beak plumbeous; feet pale yellow: whole length 5-3 inches, 
wing 2-6, tail 1*8. Female. Above brown; wings and tail darker; 
wing-coverts with fulvous terminal spots; superciliaries and sides 
of head bright rufous: beneath white; sides of breast and belly, 
flanks and crissum bright rufous ; bill and feet pale yellowish. 
IJab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Ecuador. 

The clear white under surface at once distinguishes this species 
from the two preceding. 

a. cS jr. sk. Oyanoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
b. $ jr. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c. J ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
e. 2 ad. sk. Loretoyacu, E. Peru (HaiLv~ Salvin-Godman Coll. 
well). 
f. <$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [0.]. 
* g. S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

22. MYRMECIZA *. 
Type. 
Drymophila, Sw. Zool. Journ. i. p. 302 (1824) M. loricata.f 
Myrmeciza, G. R. Gray, List Gen. B. p. 34 (1841) M. longipes. 
Myrmonax, Cab, Wiegm. Arch. xiii. Bd. i. p. 210 (1847) . M. longipes. 

The series of 12 species ranged under this head is not, it must be 
admitted, very easily definable from the two following genera. 
They have, however, in general a longer and more constricted bill 
and rather longer tarsi. 

Myrmeciza extends from Costa Rica over the northern portion of 
South America to S, Brazil and Bolivia. 

* See also:— 
(1) M. maynana, Tacz. P. 0. S. 1882, p. 32 (N.E. Peru) j id. Orn. Pe>, ii. 
p. 60 (Pern). 
(2) M. ferfiiginea, Lawr. Aujti. L. 3Sf. Y. vii. p. 470 (Panama). 
t Dryytiopfrila was proposed by Temminck about the same date Q825) as the 
title of a new genus of Muscicapidje, so that it would only cause ponfusion to 
adopt it here. See Temm. PL Col. text to pi. 334. 

278 
TOEMICARIIDiE. 

Key to tlie Species. 

A. 
Larger forms: bill and feet strong'; tail 
moderate; breast not squamated. 
a. Back and wings uniform cliestnut-red. 
i Cap rufous 1. lonyipes, p. 278. 
| Cap ashy 2. boucardi, p. 279. 
b. Back and wings brown. 
a'. Head black. 
a". Throat uniform. 
) Wing-coverts spotted 3. exsul, p. 279. 
|: j Wing-coverts uniform 4. immavtdata, p. 279. 

b". Throat spotted o. Immosticta, p. 280. 
b'. Head brown like back (5. cinnamomea, p. 280. 

B. 
Middling forms : bill smaller; tail long ; 
breast squamated. 
e. Without definite superciliaries 7. ryficauda, p. 281. 
d. With definite superciliaries. 
\ Wing-spots white 8. squamosa, p. 281. 
j Wing-spots fulvous 9. loricafa, p. 282. 
C. 
Smaller forms: bill smaller; tail shorter; 
breast black, not squamated. 
e. Belly cinereous. 
\ Tail blackish 10. atrotliomv, p. 282. 
j Tail rufous 11. pehehii, p. '283. 
f. Belly white 
12. hemimekena, p. 283 
1. Myrmeciza longipes. 
Myrmothera longipes, Vieill. Muv. Diet. xii. p. 113 ; id. Erie. Meth 

p. 082 (?) ; Menetr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersh. ser. vi. (Sci. Nat) t i 
p. 474. K J ' ' 
Drymophila longipes, &o.Zool Jour. ii. p. 152,-id. Zool. HI ser. 2, 
pi. 23 (hg. opt.); Bp. Comp. i. p. 201. ' 
Myrmonax longipes, Cab. Wieym. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 210: Burm 
Syst. Leo. in. p. 04. x ? 
Myiothera castanea, Licht. in Mus. Berol. 
Myrmeciza longipes, Mater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 2-J9: id Cat A B 


p. 180; ScL et Sate. Nomencl p. 74. 
Myrmeciza swainsoni, BerL Ibis, 1888, p. 130. 
Above chestnut-red, slight concealed dorsal spot white; head and 
neck cinereous, feathers of the cap margined with rufous-brown • 
beneath, throat and breast black, middle of abdomen and under 
wing-coverts white; flanks and crissum pale fulvous • bill black • 
feet light brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-3 Female 
Above like the male : beneath, throat and breast ferruginous; abdomen 
pale fulvous. 

Ilab. 
Venezuela, Trinidad, and British Guiana. 

a. rf ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. Sckter Coll. 
b. S ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Sckter Coll 
Q(°a?fGUiaDa

C> &,&'££ 
S^i"-Godmnn Coll. 

22 . MYBMECKJA. 
279 

2. Myrmeciza Tboucardi. 
Myrmeciza longipes, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 147 (Bogota); Lawr. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 325 (Panama); HvL et 8ah. P. Z. S. 18(51, p. M7 
(Panama). 
Myrmeciza kmcardi, Berlep&ch, Ibis, 1888, p. 1120. 
Similar to 31. hncjipcs, but head uniform dark cinereous. 
TTah. Veragua, Panama, and Colombia. 

a, h. d ad. st.
c, (I d ? ad. sk.
e. <$ ad. sk.
/ , //. d $ ad. sk.
//, i. d ? ad. flk.
,;. c? ad.; k9 /. $ ad.;
m. d jr. nk. 
M. S acl.'fik.
o. $ ad. sk. 
K. America. 
Veragua (Arce). 
Panann (McLeannan), 
Bog-ota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
S. America. 
K. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater I'oil. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.], 
Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
Puvcliased. 
Purchased. 
3. Myrmeciza exsul 

Myrmeciza exsul, Mater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 540, et 18(50, p. 294 
(Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 187 ; 8d. et 8ah\ Nomenel p. 74; 
iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 520 (Antioquia): Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 560 (W. Ecuador). 

Above dark chestnut-brown; head dark ashy; bend of wing 
and small apical spots on the wing-coverts white: beneath down to 
the middle of the belly dark ashy; lower belly, Hanks, and crissum 
brownish, like the back; bill black; feet brown : whole length 
5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2. Female similar, but above more brownish; 
breast beneath chestnut-red. 

Ilab. Ecuador and Colombia. 

a, b. d ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 

e. d ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salviii-Godman Coll. 
d, e. d 2 ad. sk. Niclii, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Myrmeciza immacnlata. 
Myrmeciza exsul, Lawr. Ann. L. N. T, vii. p. l&o (Panama). 

Myrmeciza immacnlata, ScL et 8ah\ P. Z. S. 1804, p. »°>57 (Panama); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 74; Lawr. Ann. Zi/c. 2V. I". ix. p. 109 (Costa 
Rica); Frantz. J. f. 0. 1809, p. .'J0r> (Costa Bica); 8a!n. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 195 (Veragua); Boucard, 1\Z. fit. 1878, p. 01 (Costn 
Bica); liklf/w. P. U. S. JST. M. v. p. 898 (Costn Bica), et vi. p. 405 
(Nicaragua). 

Similar to 3L e.vsnl, but without any apical spots on the wing-
coverts. 
JIah. Panama, Veragua, and Costa Bica. 
a, b. d ? ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 

c. d ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.], 
d,e. d ad. * f,y. $ Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad.sk. ' (Types of the species.) 
/i, i. d ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, l\ d ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
41, d ad. sk. Valza, Costa Bica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


280 
FOEMlCAKllDiE. 

5. Myrmeciza Isemosticta. 
Myrmeciza kemosticta, 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 582 (Costa Eica), et 
J807, p. 145 (Veragua) ; Lawr. Ami. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 109 (Cota 
Eica) ; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1809, p. 305 (Costa Rica); Scl. et Salo. 
Nome7icl. p. 74. 

Above rufous, concealed dorsal patch white; head ashy black ; 
lesser wing-coverts black with white apical spots, greater coverts 
rufous with light fulvous apical spots: beneath dark cinereous, 
throat black with white apical spots; belly, flanks, and crissum 
rufous: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1-8. 

Bab. Costa Eica and Yeragua. 
a. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Eica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Santa T?&, Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

6, Myrmeciza cinnamomea. 

Merle a cravate de Cayenne, Buff. PL EnL 560. fig. 2. 
Turdus cinnamomeus, G?n. S. N. i. p. 825. 
Thamnophilus cinnamomeus, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 743. 
Thamnophilus albicollis, Vieill. Enc. MSth. p. 744 ($). 
Ilolocnemis cinnamomea, Strickl. Ami. N. II. xiii. p. 410. 
Myrmonax cinnamomeus, Cab. Wiegiii, Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 210; id. 


in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 084; Burm. Syst. TJeb. iii. p. 05; Cab. et 

Ilein. Mus. Bein. ii. p. 10. 
Drymophila cinnamomeus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 201. 
Myrmeciza cinnamomea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 249 ; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 180; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 87; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 74; Sato. 
Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 351; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 427 (Biit. Guiana). 
Above cinnamon-brown; sides of head black ; narrow superciliaries 
white; wing-coverts black, with broad tips of pale fulvous 
on the middle and greater rows, and narrow tips of white on the 
lesser coverts: beneath, throat, neck, and breast black, bordered by 
a white band which runs round nearly np to the lengthened superciliaries; 
abdomen cinnamomeous; under wing-coverts white, varied 
with black ; bill and feet blackish: whole length 5*5 inches, wing 
2*7, tail 2*1. Female similar, but with the throat white. 

Bab. Cayenne and Guiana. 

This is an unmistakable species, in which the female varies only 
in having the throat pure white, while in the male it is of the same 
black as the breast. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Mrs. Atkins [P.], 
b, c. S ? ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Berbice. Gould Coll. 
e> S ad. sk. Demerara. Eyton Coll. 
f, 9' 8 $ ad.; h. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
'<$ jr. sk. {Whitely). 
i, j- 6 $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 

h. $ ad. sk. Tnkutu E., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 
22 . MYRMECIZA. 
281 

7. Myrmeciza ruficauda. 
Myiothora ruficauda, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1000. 
Myrmeciza ruficauda, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 248 j id. Cat. A. B. 


p. 186 j Scl. et JSalo, Nomencl. p. 74. 
Above, head and neck dark grey, with black central spots to the 
feathers ; lores black ; large dorsal spot at the base white, broadly 
bordered with black and tipped with cinnamomcous; lower back 
and wings cinnamomeous brown; wing-coverts black, broadly tipped 
with pale fulvous, outer secondaries also tipped with pale fulvous, 
with a submarginal black band; tipper tail-coverts and tail chestnut-
brown, with slight terminal spots of pale fulvous, edged with black 
on the rectriccs ; beneath, throat and neck black; breast black, the 
feathers margined with white; flanks and belly cinnamon-brown ; 
bill black; feet yellow : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2*1. 
Female. Like the male, but above brown with blackish edgings to 
the feathers of the head and upper back; throat and breast pale 
fulvous, with slight black marginal bands. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

The shorter tail and the absence of white superciliaries clearly 
distinguish this species from the two next, with which it has been 
sometimes confounded. 

«, b, c. $ ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. <$ ad. j /. $ S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 

g. <$ ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
8. Myrmeciza squamosa. 
Myrmeciza 
squamosa, Feb. Orn. Bras. pp. 87', 162: Scl. et Sah\ 
Nomencl p. 74 j Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 351. 

Above cinnamomeous brown; lores black; narrow superciliaries 
white; largo dorsal spot white with a black subapical band ; wings 
and tail brown; wing-coverts black, with large rounded white 
terminal spots; bend of wing white: beneath, throat and neck 
black; breast black, the feathers slightly margined with white; 
abdomen white, flanks and crissum fulvous ; bill black ; feet yellow : 
whole length 6 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2'Q. Female. Similar, but 
breast-feathers broadly margined with white. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

The black of the throat extends over the fore neck in the male of 
this species, and the wing-spots are clear white ; otherwise it 
closely approaches M. loricata. 

a. <S ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Yowls). 

b. S ach sk- Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
c. 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
d. ? ad„ sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
282 
POEMICAEirDJS. 

9. Myrmeciza loricata. 
Myiothera loricata, ZicJit. Doubl. p. 44. 
Drymopliila leucopus, Sw. Zool Joxirn. ii. p. 150. 
Formicivora loricata, Menetr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. s&\ vi. (Set, 
Nat.) t i. p. 490. pi. 4. fig. 1 (d), fig. 2(2). 
Myrmonax loricatns, Cab, Wieym, Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 210; Cab. et 
Ilein. Mux. Ilein. ii. p. 9; Burm. Syst. TJeh. iii. p. 04. 
Drymopliila loricata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 201. 
Myrmeciza loricata, Srlater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 248 (S.E. Brazil); id, 
'Cat. A. B. p. 180; Pet. Orn. Bras. p. 87; Scl. et Salv. Nommcl, p. 74. 
Myiothera yarrellii, Leadb. Trans. Linn, 8oc. xvi. p. 87 (•'). 
Above cinnamomeous brown; lores black ; broad supereiliaries 
pale fulvous ; large dorsal spot -white, with a black snbapical band ; 
wings brown, greater and middle wing-coverts black with large 
terminal spots of pale fulvous, lesser wing-coverts black with small 
terminal spots of white; tail long, brownish chestnut: beneath 
white; throat black; breast-feathers black, broadly edged with 
white; flanks and crissum tinged with fulvous; bill black; feet 
pale yellow: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 2*2, tail-2-6. Female 
similar, but throat and breast pale fawn-colour. 

Hab. 8.E. Brazil, 

a. 3 
ad.; b,e. Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 acl. sk. 
d. S ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. d 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
y. 
J ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
h. S ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2,;. 2ad.sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
h. 
S acl.; /. tf Brazil. Gould Coll. 
jr.; m. 2 
ad. st. 
n. Skeleton. Brazil. 
Eyton Coll. 
10. Myrmeciza atrothorax. 
L'Alapi de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 701. tig. 2. 
Formicarius atrotliorax, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 44. 
Cercomacra atrotkorax, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 245. 
Myrmeciza atrothorax, 8cL Cat. A. B. p. 187; Scl. et 8ah\ Nomencl. 


p. 74; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Brit. Guiana). 
Turdus alapi, 6m. 8. N. i. p. 820. 
Formicivora alapi, d'Orb. Voi/., Ois. p. 181; Menetr. Mem. Acad. 
8t. Petersb. se*r. vi. (8ci. Nat,) t. I. p. 502. 
Formicivora melanura, Menetr. Mem. Acad, St. Petersb. ser. vi. (Sci. 
Nat.) t. i. p. 508, pi. 8. figs. 1, 2. 
Cercomacra melanura, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 85. 
Above dark cinereous: concealed dorsal spot white; back of 
head, interscapulium, and wings with a strong brownish tinge; 
wing-coverts tipped with white sagittate spots, which are bordered 
with black; tail blackish : beneath dark cinereous, throat and breast 
black; bill blackish ; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 
2*4, tail 24. Female. Above brown; spots on wing-coverts pale 
fulvous; sides of head cinerascent; tail blackish * beneath, throat 

22 , MYKMECIZA. 
283 

white ; breast bright buffy rufous ; middle of belly white; flanks 
and crissura cinereous. 

Hah. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, interior of Brazil, and Bolivia, 

a, b, o. (S ad.; d. Merume* Mts., Brit, (xuiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. ( WMtely). 

e. Jad.sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne (Jehhi). Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Bio Negro,'Northern Brazil. Solater Coll. 
V/. c? ad. 8k. >Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Codman Coll. 
(Ilauxivell). 

h. J ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [P.], 
i,j\ <S $ ad. sk. Villa Maria, Brazil (Nat- Solater Coll. 
tew*) 
(Authentic specimens of Cercomacra melanura.) 

k. 
<S ad. sk. Cliapada, Matto Grosso, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (II. II. Smith). 
I. $ \\\ sk. S. America. Purchased. 
11. Myrmeciza pelzelni. 
Cercomacra ruficauda, Peh. Orn. -Bms.pp. 85, 158. 
Myrmeciza ruficauda, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 248 (S.E. Brazil); id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 186; Scl. et Sal v. Komencl p. 74. 

Above dark fulvous-brown ; wings and tail brown ; wing-coverts 

terminated by a large rounded fulvous spot, which is bordered by a 

black band; sides of the head and lateral line down the neck 

cinereous: beneath, 
throat and breast down to the middle of the 

belly black, passing into cinereous beneath and at the sides; flanks 

and crissum brownish: bill black; feet brown: whole length 4*7 

inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*9. Female. Above like the male ; sides of 

head and body beneath white, breast slightly varied with blackish; 

flanks and crissum fulvous-brown. 

Hob. Cayenne and Lower Amazonia. 

This species is allied 
to 31. atrothorax, and has a similar black 

throat and breast. 
But the colour above is of a darker fulvous


brown, the tail is rufous-brown instead of blackish, and the wing-

spots are larger and of a pale fulvous. There is also no white 

dorsal spot, and no rufous breast-band in the female. 

a, b. g $ ad. sk. Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Solater Coll. 

Brazil (Natterer). (Types of the species.) 

c, d. <$ $ ad. sk. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godtuan Coll. 

eff. (S ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased. 

12. Myrmeciza hemimelsena. 
Thamnophilus guttata, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 13; d'Orb. 
Voi/., Ois. p. 177 (?). 

Myrmeciza hemimelica, 
Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 48, et 1858, p. 240 
(Bolivia) • Scl. et Sah. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 757, et 1873, p. 275 (E. 
Peru), et 1879, p. 025 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 74; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 5;)0 (0. Peru), et 1882, p. 31 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. 

ii. p. 59. 
Above brown, head and neck black; concealed dorsal spot white, 
 FOKMICARIIDJE. 

wing-coverts terminated by small white or fulvous-white spots, 
which are bordered by black; tail rufous: beneath, throat and 
breast black, centre of belly white, sides cinereous, passing into 
fulvous on the flanks and crissum; bill black; feet brown: whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*7. Female similar, but head above 
brownish olive: beneath deep ferruginous, middle of belly whitish. 

Hah. Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. 

a. $ ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges [CI. 
b. <S ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.j. 
(Type of the species.) 
c. <$ ad. sk. Huallaga, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
d. J ad. sk. Ckamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
e. J ad. sk. Sarayaeu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll 
23. HYPOCNEMIS* 
Type. 
Hypocnemis, Cab. Wiegm. ArcJi. 1847, pt. i. p. 212.. H. cantator. 
Myrmoborus, Cab. et Rem. Mus. JEein. li. p. 9 (1859) H. leucophrys, 

Eypocnemis is a tolerably well-defined group of about 18 species, 
chiefly developed in Amazonia, but extending northwards to Panama 
and Costa Eica. The bill is rather short and compressed, the wings 
moderate, and the tail short. The tarsi are rather long, and show 
only slight indications of the divisions of the scutes. The sexes are 
always different, the males being invariably darker and more intensely 
coloured than the females. 

In the subjoined 6i key " the characters are taken from the male 
plumage only. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Head with a white 
median stripe ; throat 
white or yellow * breast with lateral striations. 
a. Planks rufous. 
I Throat white 1. cantator, p. 285. 
j Throat pale yellow 2. fiavescem, p. 286. 
b. Flanks cinereous ; throat yellow 3. hypoxantha, p. 286. 
B. 
Head uniform; throat cinereous, black, or 
white j breast without lateral streaks or 
spots. 
c. Throat cinereous. 
a'. Interscapulium black edged with 
white. 

(Beneath light cinereous 4. pcecilonota, p. 286. 

(Beneath dark cinereous 5. lepidotiota, p. 287. 

b'. Interscapulium uniform 6. scJiistacea, p. 287. 

d. 
Throat black. 
c'. Tail not tipped with white. 
* Refer also to :— 
(1) H. subflam, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 65 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 530 
(C. Peru) ; id. Orn. P<§r. ii. p. 63 (Peru). 
(2) E. margaritifera, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 89 (Eio Negro). 
23. IIYPOCNEMTS. 28f> 
«". With white supevciliarios. 
Superciliaries broad; belly dark 
slaty 7. leueophrys, p. 288. 
Superciliaries narrow; belly 

light slaty 
8. myiotkerina, p. 288. 

Z>". Without white superciliaries. 
I Wing-coverts uniform 0. lugiihris, p. 280, 
j Wings with white margins ... . 10. mekmura, p. 200. 

d'. Tail tipped with white. 
c". Smaller: tail-end narrow 11. melanopogon, p. 200. 
d". Larger: tail-end broad 12. maciilicauda, p. 201, 

e. Throat (and whole body beneath) white . 13. hemikuca, p. 201, 
C. 
Head uniform; throat black or white; breast 
more or less spotted; tail very short; 
rump-feathers much thickened. 
/. Throat black. 

e\ Back spotted. 
I Wing-spots white 14. navia, p. 291. 
f Wing-spots fulvous 15. theresce, p. 292. 

/' . Back uniform chestnut 10. ncevioides, p. 293. 

g. Throat white 
17. stellata, p. 293. 
1. Hypocnemis cantator. 
Le Carrillonneur de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl 700. fig. 2. 
Formicarius cantator, Bodd. Table d. PL JSnL 44. 
Turdus tintinnabulatus, Gm. 8. fif. i. p. 820. 
Hypocnemis tintinnabulata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 212, 


pi. iv. tig. 1; id. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 684 ; Pp. Consp. i. p. 202. 
Myiothera margaritacea, LicM. in Mus. Berol. 
Myrmothera campanella, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 081. 
Thamnophilus striatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 29, pi. 40. fig. 2. 
Hypocnemis cantator, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 250; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 187; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 87 ; ScL et 8alv. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 185 
(R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 750 (E. Peru), p. 978 (XL Amazons), et 
1873, p. 275 (E. Peru); iid. Nommcl. p. 74; Tacz. P. Z. S.1882, 
p. 32 (N.E. Peru); Sato. Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Brit. Guiana). 
Hypocnemis cantator peruvianus, Tacz. Orn. Ph\ ii. p. 01. 
Above grey, dorsal spot white; head black, superciliaries and 
median vertical stripe white ; rump, wings, and tail rufous ; wing-
coverts black, with white apical spots: beneath white, sides of neck 
and breast with black striations ; flanks and crissum bright orange-
rufous ; beak above corneous, beneath whitish ; feet pale brown: 
whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1-5. Female similar, but 
above brown, with pale fulvous striations. 

Hab, Guiana, Amazonia, and Ecuador. 

a, b. £ ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
c, d. (S 2 a<^ sk« Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Wkitehj). 

e. cf ad sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
f. 
$ ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam (Kapp- Salvin-Godman ColL 
ler). 
g. tf ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
 FORMICAKIIDJE. 

h, i. c? $ ad. sk. Rio Javari, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Bates), 
k $ ad. sk. Kio Javari, E. Peru. Purchased. 
/, m. <$ $ ad. sk. Ckamicuros, Ucayali (HCIILV- Gould Coll. 

well), 

n. $ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. 5 ad sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
p. 
$ ad. &k. Yurimaguas, Peru (Stolzmami). Sclater Coll. 
q. <$ ad. sk. Peru. 
Sclater Coll. 
r. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
s, t. (S ? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
2. Hypocnemis fiavescens. 
Hypocnemisfiavescens,Bel. P. Z. B. 1864, p. 609 (Rio Negro) ,* Pelz. 
Orn. Bras. p. 88; Bel et Balv. P. Z. B. 1866, p. 567 (Peru) ; iid. 
Nomencl. p. 74. 

Similar to II. cantato)\ but throat, breast, and middle of belly 
tinged with pale sulphur-yellow. 
Hah. Cayenne and Rio Negro. 

a. S ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. 5 ad. sk. Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil Sclater Coll. 
(Natterer). (Type of the species.) 
3. Hypocnemis hypoxantha. 
Ilypocnemih hypoxantha, 
Bel. P. Z. B. 1868, p. o7S, pi. xliii. (U. 
Amazons) j Sol. et Balv. Nomencl. p. 74. 

Above olivaceous green ; head black, lores and wide superciliaries 
bright yellow, median vertical stripe white; wing-coverts black, 
with white apical spots ; tail brownish, with slight white apical 
spots : beneath clear yellow, sides of neck and breast striated with 
black; bill black; feet brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2*2, 
tail 1-5. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 
The clear yellow under surface at once distinguishes this specie^. 


a. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
b.c. Ad.sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
E. Peru.
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
E. Bartlett [C.]. 
« 

4. Hypocnemis pcecilonota. 
Myiothera pcecilonota, Cuv. in Mm. Par.; Pmh. Arch, du Mm. vii. 
p. 387. 
Hypocnemis pcecilonota, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt.i. p. 213, pi. iv. 
fig. 2; id. in Bchomb. Guian. iii. p. 684 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 202; 
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 251; id. Cat. A. B. p. 187; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. p. 88 j Bel. et Balv. Nomencl, p. 74 j Balv. Ibis, 1885, p. 428 
(Brit. Guiana). 

Above schistaceous; concealed dorsal spot white; feathers of 

23 . ITIPO'CHMIS, 
287 

intorscapulium and upper tail-covcrts spotted with black, and terminated 
by broad whito margins; wings black, all tbe coverts and 
outer secondaries with broad white margins ; tail black, crossed by 
a median row of white spots on the inner webs of the rectriees, and 
with a similar row of terminal spots : beneath as above, but much 
paler schistaceous; bill black; feet pale brown: whole length 
4-5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 1-6. Female. Above brownish; spots on 
interscapulium, wings, and tail as in male, but pale fulvous; head 
deep ferruginous: beneath pale schistaceous, throat white, flanks 
dusky. 

Bab. Guiana and Lower Amazonia. 

a. J ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
5, c. (S ad.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. J ad, sk. (Whitely). 
/ . ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 

(Whitely). 

y. 
S ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 
h. <$ ad. sk. "R. Atapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
i. 
$ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
j\ $ ad. sk, Maroni River, Surinam Sclater Coll. 
(Kappler). 
7c. S ad. sk. Para. R. Grakani,Esq. [P.]. 

5. Hypocnemis lepidonota. (Plato XYI.) 
llvpocnemis poecilonota, JScL P. Z. & 1857, p. 18 (Bogota); Mel et 
"ttalo. P. Z. & 1800, p. 186 (R. Ucayali), et 1873, p. 270 (R Peru); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 581 (C. Peril),'et 1882, p. 82 (N.E. Peru). 

Ilypocnemis lepidonota, Scl et Sato, P. Z. #. 1880, p. 100 (Ecuador) j 
'Tacz. Or/i. Per. ii. p. 04. 

Similar to B. poecilonota, but uniform schistaceous above and 
beneath. Female with the head and whole body beneath deep 
ferruginous red. 


Bab. Upper Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

a. J ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. <$ ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
c,d. (S 2 ad.sk. Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. <3 $ ad.sk. Ohamicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

g. cS ad. sk. Peru. 
h. 6 jr.; Oyapoc, Cayenne (?). 
i. $ ad. sk. 
Purchased. 

J. $ ad. sk. Bio Napo. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. 5 ad. sk. Bogota. 
6. Hypocnemis schistacea. 
Hypocnemis schistacea, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 252 (Upper Amazons) 
Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 74; Tacz. Orn. P$)\ ii. p. 69. 

28 8 FORMrCARIIDiE. 

Above and "beneath, uniform bluish schisfcaccous; tips of wing-
coverts with small round white spots: whole length 5 inches, 
wing 2*5, tail 2. 

IJab. Upper Amazonia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Rio Javari. Purchased. (Type of the species.) 
7. Hypocnemis leucophrys. 
Thamnophilus myiotherinus, Spix,Av. Bras. ii. p.30, pi. 42. fig. 2(5). 
Pithys leucophrys, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 176, pi. 11. fig. 2 j Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 203. 
Myrmonax leucophrys, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 211. 
Myrmoborua leucophrys, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 9. 
Hypocnemis leucophrvs. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 146 (Bogota), et 

1858, p. 2o2; id. Cat. A. B. p. 188; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 88 ; ScL 
et Salo. Nomencl p. 74 j iid. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 237 (Venezuela); 
Tacz. Orn. Per. Ii. p. 67; 8ah. Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Brit. Guiana). 

Conopophaga angustirostris, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. Q8o, 
Hypocnemis angustirostris, Scl. Cat. A. I?, p. 188. 
Myrmoborus angustirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 9 (note). 
Pithys erythrophrys, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 255, pi. 72. fig. 1. 
Hypocnemis erythrophrys, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 146, et 1858, 


p. 252 (Bogota). 
Above and beneath plumbeous; broad front and superciliaries 
white ; sides of head and throat black ; bill and feet black: whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2*6, tail 1-9. Female. Above fulvous-brown; 
front and superciliaries bright rufous ; sides of bead black; wing-
coverts with apical spots of fulvous white: beneath white, flanks 
and crissuni dusky. 

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

There is a good deal of variation in this widely-spread species^ on 
which, no doubt, subspecies might be fairly formed. The Bogota 
birds are much darker beneath. 

a. $ ad.; b. J Kio Javari. Purchased. 
ad. sk. 
c,rf.c?? ad. sk. Upp3r Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll. 

e. <$ ad. sk. Rio Nepo. Gould Coll. 
/, //. 6 ? ad. sk. Guiana (Brown). ^ ^ Sclater Coll. 
h, i. <$ 5 ad. sk. B&rtiea Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
j) h. <$ $ ad. sk. Takutu E., Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

7. $ ad. sk, Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type 
of JEL. erythrophrys.) 
m. <$ ad.; n. $ Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
jr. sk. 
o, p. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
q, r. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

s. 5 ad. sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela Sclater Coll. 
(Goering). 
8. Hypocnemis myiotherina. 
Thamnophilus myiotherinus, 8pix, Av. Bras. ii.p. 30, pi. 42.fig.1 (tf ). 
Myiothera thamnophiloides, Voigt, Thierr. L p. 494. 
Drymophila myiotherinus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 202. 


23. HYPOCNEMIB. 
280 

riypocnemis niolanolroraa, Sclater, P Z. 8. 1854, p. 251, pi, 72. fig. 2 

(Peru). 

ITypocuemis myiotherina, Mater, P. Z. 8, 1855, p. 140, ot 1858, 
pp. (57, 251 ; id. Cat. A, B, p. 187 ; Pelz, Orn. Bras, p. 88 ; Scl et 
Safv, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 757 (E. Peru), 978 (U. Amazons), et 
1873, p. 270 (E. Peru); iich Nomencl. p. 74; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 

p. 531 (C. Peru), et 1882, p. 32 (N.E. Peru); id Orn. Per. ii. 
p. 05. 
Myrmoborus myiotherinus, Cab. et IIei?i. Mm, Hem. ii. p. J) (note). 
Ilypocnemis melanosticta, 8el P. Z. S. 1854, p. 25i, pi. 73 (Peru), 
et 1858, pp. 67 (ItioNapo), 251 (E. Peru); id Cat. A. B, p. 188. 
Ilypocnemis, sp. ?, Scl P. Z. S.1855, p. 147 (Bogota). 
Ilypocnemis elegans, Scl. P. Z. S.1857. p. 47, et 1858, p. 252 (Bogota): 

id Cat. A. B. p. 188. 

Above slaty grey; dorsal spot wliito ; lores and sides of head 
black, bordered above by narrow wliito suporciliaries; wing-coverts 
black, with slight white edgings: beneath pale slaty, throat and 
neck black ; bill black ; feet brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*5, 
tail 1*6. Female. Above fulvous-brown; bides of head black; narrow 
superciliaries white; wing-coverts black, with white margins: 
beneath white; breast with .a few black spots; abdomen more or 
less tinged with fulvous. 


Eab. Upper Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia. 
Here again we find local variations, especially in the females, of 
which sex the Bogota skins show the abdomen of a deep fulvous. 


II. myiotherina tygtica. 
a. <$ ad. sk. Yurimaguas, E. Peru (Bart- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lett). 
b. $ jr. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. Oliyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Oodman Coll. 
d $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [0.1. 
e. d 
jr.; / . ? E. Peru. Sclator Coll. (Types 
ad." sk. of //. melanosticta.) 
(/. cS ad.; h. $ Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haux- Gould Coll. 
jr.; i $ ad. well), 
sk. 


j, S ad. sk. Peru. Sclater Coll. 
k § ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased. 
I, m. <$ $ ad. Kio Napo, Purchased. 

sk. 
ji. $ acl. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

H. myiotherina elegants* 
o,2). $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
q. § ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r,8. cS $ ad.sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
9. Hypocnemis lugubris. 
Myrmoborus lugubris, Cab. et Hem, Mus. Hem. ii. p. 9 (?). 
Ilypocnemis lugubris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 88; Sol et Salv. Nomencl. 

p. 74; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 68. 
Myrmonax lugubris, Burnt. 8yst. TJeb. iii. p. 66 (?). 
Myiothera peraonata, Natt. MS. (teste Pelzeht). 
VOL. xv. 
u 

290 
POBMICAEIXDJE. 

Above schistaceous, wings and tail brownish: beneath white, 
throat and neck black; flanks and crissum pale cinereous; bill 
black; feet brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1-7. 
Female. Above mouse-brown; cap rufous ; sides of head black: 
beneath white, flanks and crissum fulvous. 

IIab. Eio Madeira district. 
This is a fine well-marked species allied to H. myiotJierina, but 
readily known by its brownish wings with unspotted coverts. 

a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Borba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authentic 
specimens.) 

10. Hypocnemis melanura. 
ilypocneiiiis melanura, 
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 186 (R. Ucayali), 
et 1873, p. 276 (E. Peru); iid. Nbmencl. p. 74; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 69. 

Above dark slaty, passing into black on the head and neck; wings 
and tail black, wing-coverts with distinct white margins: beneath 
rather paler; throat and neck black; under wing-coverts white; 
bill black; feet brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*6. 
Female. Above fulvous-brown; wing-coverts black with white 
margins : beneath white; breast, sides of belly, and crissum fulvescent. 


Hal. Upper Amazonia. 
This is a rather smaller species, nearly allied to the two following, 
but without white tips to the tail-feathers. 

a. <S ad. sk, Cashaboya, Peru {Bartlett). Sclater Coll. [ (Types of the 
b. J ad. sk. Upper Ucayali {Bartlett). Sclater Coll. j species.) 
11. Hypocnemis melanopogon. 
Hypocnemis melanopogon, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 130, et 1858, 

p. 253 (Peru); id. Cat. A. B. p. 188; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 88; Scl. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 186 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 570 (L. Amazons), 
et 1873, p. 276 (E. Peru); iid. No?nencl. p. 74; Tacz. Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 70. 
Above schistaceous ; wing-coverts black, with distinct white margins 
; tail black, with narrow white tip : beneath pale schistaceous, 
nearly white in the middle of the belly; throat black ; bill and feet 
blackish: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1*4. Female 
similar, but throat white; breast edged with slaty. 

Hob. Guiana and Amazonia. 
This is a small feeble species, with rather a long thin beak and 
short tail, and with scarcely any indications of a dorsal spot. 

a. $ jr. sk.
b. <$ ]r. sk. 
Eio Javari. 
Elvira, E. Peru (Hauxwell). 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. cf jr. sk.
d. <3 ad. sk. 
Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haucctoett). 
Cashaboya, E. Peru. 
Gould Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
E. Bartlett [0.]. 

23 . ITYPOONBMIS. 
29 1 
e)f' c? $ ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
zons (Wallace). 

g. 
$ ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama- Sclater Coll. 
zons (Wallace), 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
j. 
<$ ad. sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
k, I. S 
ad.; Camacusa, Bril. Guiana Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
on. $ ad.sk. (Whitely). 


n. Jr. sk. S. America. 
E. Wilson, $sq. [P.]. 
12. Hypociieniis inaculicauda. 
Tlypocnemis inaculicauda, Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp. 89, 16 A; Set. et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 74. 

Above dark slaty grey ; large concealed dorsal spot white ; wing-
coverts black, with distinct white edgings; tail black, with broad 
white tail-end : beneath pale slaty grey ; throat black; bill blackish ; 
feet brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*7. 

Ilab. Int. of Brazil and Amazonia. 
This is apparently a larger bird than If. mdanojxxjon, with a 
distinct white dorsal spot and broad white ends to the rectrices. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Matto Grrosso, Brazil (Natlever). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. 3 ad. sk. Nauta, Peru (Hauxivell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
13. Hypocnemis hemileuca. 
Hypocnemis hemileuca, Set. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 180 (R. Ucayali), 
et 1873, p. 270 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl p. 74; Tacz. Orn. 
'Per. ii. p. 70. 

Above deep black; concealed dorsal spot white : wings and tail 
black; tips of wing-coverts and ends of tail-feathers white: beneath 
white : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2'2, tail 1*4. Female. Above 
brown * wing-coverts blackish, with white edgings: beneath fulvous 
; throat and middle of belly white. 

Hob. Upper Amazonia. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type of 
the species.) 
14. Hypocnemis naevia. 
Fourinillier tachet6 de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 823. tig. 2. 
Pipra naovia, Gm. S. N. i. p. 1003. 
Conopophaga nawia, d'Orb, Voy., Ois. p. 180. 
Rhopothera punctulata, JDes Murs, Voy. Casteln., Ois. p. 53. 
Rhopothera guttata, JDes Murs, op. cit. pi. 17. fig. 3. 
Hypocnemis naevia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 205 (U. Amazons), et 


1858, p. 253 ; id. Cat A. B. p. 188; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 80 j Scl. 
et Salv. Nomencl p. 74; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 625 (Bolivia) j Tacz. 
Orn. P6r. ii. p.71. 

u2 

292 
POEMICABIIDiE. 

Above brownish grey; concealed dorsal spot white ; interscapulium 
and lower back black, with numerous large, round, white spots ; 
wings brownish; wing-coverts and outer secondaries with white 
terminal spots; tail black, with white end: beneath white, throat 
black; breast with numerous black fl ammulations; under wing-
coverts white ; bill black; feet pale brown: whole length 4*5 
inches, wiug 2-5, tail 1*1. Female similar, but spots above tiuged 
with fulvous; throat white and belly pale fulvous. 

flab. JJpper Amazonia. 

a, <$ ad. sk. Venezuela (?). Sclater Coll. 
/;. S ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll. 


c. <$ ad. sk. Bio Javari, Upper Amazon^ Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Bates). 
d. (S ad. sk. Itio Javari, Upper Amazons Purchased. 
(Bates). 
e,f. tf 5 ad. bk. Yquitos, Per a (Wliitely). Sclater Coll. 

(j. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru (Wliitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, c? ad. sk. Bogota (?). Purchased. 
15. Hypocnemis theresse. 
Conopophaga 
theresas, Des Murs, Voy. Casteln., Ois. p. 51, pi. 16. 
fig. % $ (1855). 
Hypocnemis theresse, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 67 (Rio Napo), 253 

(U. Amazons); id. Cat. A. B. p. 188; Set et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 187 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 750 (E. Peru), et 1873, pp. 185, 276 
(E. Peru) j Sell et Salv. Nommcl p. 74; Toes. P. Z. S. 1874, p. £31 
(C. Peru), et 18S2, p. 32 (N.E. Peru) ,• id. Oni. Per. ii. p. 72. 
Above fulvous-brown; concealed dorsal spot white • iuterscapulium 
black, covered with large round light fulvous spots; wings 
black, wing-coverts and outer secondaries terminated by large 
light fulvous spots; tail brown, with pale fulvous terminal spots 
which are bordered with black •. beneath white; throat black; 
breast marked with large black flammulations; flanks and erissum 
pale fulvous; bill black; feet pale yellow: whole length 4*5 inches, 
wing 2-5, tail 1*4. Female^ above like the male ; beneath, throat 
white ; whole abdomen pale fulvous. 

JIab. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 

In this species the rump is fulvous-brown, like the head, and not 
spotted, and the spots above are larger and of a pale fulvous, not 
white as in H. ncevia. 

a, b. S 2 ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne (?). Sclater Coll. 

c. J ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru [Bavtlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haiix- Gould Coll. 
well). 
e. (S ad.; / . Yquitos, Peru (Wliitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Pull. sk. 
g, k <$ ? ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
I S ad. sk. "Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll. 
,;. <$ ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bates). Purchased. 
k 2 ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
l} m. (S 2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

23 , HYPOCNEMIS, 

293 

10. Hypocnemis naevioides. 
Conopophaga ncovioidos, Lafr. JRev. Zool. 1847, p. 00; Bp. Camp. 
i. p. 203. 
Hypocnemis nasvioi'des, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 2/54, et 1800, p. 294 
(Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 189; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. 2V". Jr. vii. 

p. 326 (Panama), et ix. p. 100 (Costa Rica); ScL k Bah. I\ Z, S. 
1804, p. 337 (Panama); iid. KomencL p. 74; Frantz. J. f. 0.1809, 
p. 300 (Costa Rica); Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p! 506 (W. 
Ecuador). 
Above chestnut; concealed dorsal spot white; head dark cinereous 
; wings black; lesser wing-coverts with small round white 
terminal spots; greater coverts and outer secondaries with large 
terminal spots of pale reddish brown; tail brown, with a broad 
subapical black band and pale fulvous end: beneath white ; throat 
black ; breast-band formed of rounded black spots ; bill black ; feet 
brown : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*0, tail 1. Female. Above 
brownish, interscapulium tinged with chestnut; wings and tail as 
in male : beneath whitish; breast pale fulvous with indistinct 
blackish striations. 

Hob. Costa Rica, Panama, and Western Ecuador. 

Easily distinguishable from the two preceding species by its 

chestnut back. 

a, b. $ ad.j «0. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. 
d, e. (S $ ad. . sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
/. d ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica [Car- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
miol). 
$ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 

h. tf ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
hj. 6 ? acl. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. 3 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman OolL 
/. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk. Panama. Tweoddale Coll. 
ny o. $ J ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
J 7. Hypocnemis stellata. 

Hypocnemis stellata, Bel. et Bah. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 100 (Ecuador). 

Above chestnut-brown; concealed dorsal spot white : rump black, 
with a cinnamomeous cross-bar; wings black, rcmiges edged with 
chestnut; wing-coverts terminated by cinnamomeous spots: beneath 
white; breast with a few black spots; bill horn-colour, beneath 
whitish; feet pale hazel: whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1 -2. 

Hal. Eastern Ecuador. 
This species has a long narrow bill and but few spots on the 
breast. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 

294 F0KMICAKIID2E. 

24. PITHYS * « 
lype. 
Pithys, Vieill Enc. Mitli. ii. p. 862 (1828) P. albifrons. 
Dasyptilops, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 8 (1859).... P. albifrons. 

As here arranged, Pithys embraces four species, distributed from 
Costa Rica southwards over Colombia, Guiana, and Amazonia. The 
genus is nearly allied to Myrmeciza^ but has the bill 'shorter and 
stouter. 

The first species, with its crested head and lengthened throat-
feathers, should probably, in strictness, stand alone, and the others 
be referred to a separate genus. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Head crested: abdomen chestnut 1. albifrons, p. 294. 
B. Head not crested. 
a. Throat and breast white. 
\ Front reddish 2. leueaspis, p. 295. 
[ Front cinereous 3. bicolor, p. 296. 
b. Throat white ,* breast brown 4. lunulata, p. 296. 
1. Pitliys albifrons. 
Le Manikup de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 707. fig. 1. 
Pipra albifrons, Gm. S. 2V. i. p. 1000. 
Myiothera albifrons, LicJit. Doubl, p. 44. 
Pithys leucops, Vieill Enc. MUh. p. 862. 
Pitliys albifrons, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt,i. p. 214; Pp. Consp.i. 


p. "203; Schter, P. Z. S.1855, p. 145 (Bogota), et 1858, p. 67 (Ecuador) 
et p. 273 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 189; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. 
p. 085; JSCL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 570, 751, et 1873, p. 276 
(E. Peiu); iid. NomencL p. 74; Pelz. Orn. Eras. p. 89; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 531 (C. Peru) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Brit. 
Guiana). * 
Dasyptilops albifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 8. 
Pithys albifrons peruviana, Tacz. Orn. P£r. ii p. 73 ? 
Pitliys peruvianus, Allen, Bidl. A. M. N. H. ii. p. 74 (1889)? 

Above dark plumbeous; lores and long crested front white; 
crown and space behind the eye black; nape, rump, and tail chestnut: 
beneath chestnut; throat-feathers produced, white ; throat bordered 
beneath by a black band ; bill black, with a pale tip ; feet yellow : 
whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*6. Female similar. 

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll. 
* Ecfer to :— 
(1) P. enstata, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 89, 106 (Brazil int.). 
(2) P. gribeivcntrib, l*elz. op. oit. pp. 89, 167 (.Rio Madeira). 
24 . PXTEYS. 
295 
d. J r. sk. 
e. Jr. sk. 
f,g. 
c?$ ad. 
sk. 

h. $ ad. sk. 
i. Jr. sk. 
j. 
J ad. sk. 
k. 
(S ad. sk. 
/. 
c? ad. sk. 

m, n. $ $ ad. 
sk. 

o. Ad. sk. 
p. Ad. sk 
q, r. Ad. sk. 
8, Jr. sk. 
t, u. Ad. sk. 
Oayonno. 

Surinam. 

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana 
(Wiitcly). 

Merume' Mts., Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Roraima, Brit. Guiana 

(Whitely). 

Rio Oobati, Rio Negro, Brazil 

(Wallace). 

E. Amazons (Wallace). 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Sclater Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sal\in-Godman Coll. 

2. Pithys leucaspis. 
Myrmeciza leucaspis, Scl. P. Z. S.1854, p. 253, pi. 70, et 1855, p. 147 
(Bogota). 

Pitbys 
leucaspis, Scl. P. Z.8. 1858, p. 274; id. Cat. A. B. p. 189 • 
ScL P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 570, 593, 751, et 1873, p. 276 (E. Peru), et 
1879, p. 526 (Antioquia) j iid. Nomencl. p. 74; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 89; Tacz. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 74. 
Above dark cinnamomeous brown ; head rather brighter; dorsal 
spot pale cinnamomeous; lores and broad line behind the eye 
black: beneath, throat, breast, and middle of belly white, bordered 
on each side by a black line; flanks, lower belly, and crissum brown; 
bill above blackish, beneath whitish; feet brown : whole length 
5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female similar, but without the dorsal 
spot (?). 

Hah. Colombia and Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Amazonia. 
A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
b. Jr. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 

J ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godnuii Coll. 
Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Nichi, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sal\ in-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon). 

Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Pui chased. 
xVd. sk. Peru. Sclater Coll. 
Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Ilauxioell). Gould Coll. 
$ ad. sk. Oobati, Upper Rio Negro (WalSalvin-
Godman Coll 

lace). 

296 
FOKMICAEIID-aS. 

3. Pithys bicolor. 
Pi thy s bicolor, Lator. Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y. viii. p. 6 (Panama); 
Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 357 (Panama) ; iid. JSomencl. p. 74 ; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 145, et 1870, p. 195 (Veragua); Frantz. 

J.f. 0. 1869, p. 306 (Costa Rica); Scl Ibis, 1873, p. 373 (Nicaragua) 
; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62 (Costa Rica). 
Pithys leucaspis, Later. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. *32G (Panama). 

Similar to P. leucaspis, but much duller above: front and lores 
dark cinereous, not rufeseent. 
Hab. Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. 

a. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
b, c. <$ $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes), 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
/. J ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
g. 2 ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
\ cS ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Valza, Costa Rica (Car?niol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Pithys Iraralata. 
Hypocnemis poecilonota, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 186 (?). 

Pithys lunulata, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 276, t. xxvi. (E. Peru); 
iid. Nomencl p. 74; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 32 (N.E. Peru) ; id. 
Dm. Per. ii. p. 75. 

Above brown; small concealed dorsal spot white; feathers of 
interscapulium, wing-coverts, and outer secondaries crossed by black 
subterminal bands which have pale ochraceous margins ; tail blackish, 
crossed by four rows of whitish spots on the inner webs, and 
with slight white ends : beneath as above, but throat and neck pure 
white : whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 1*8. 

Hah. Upper Amazonia. 

I hardly know what to make of this curious bird, which is marked 
above something like Hypocnemls pcecilonota. 

a. J ad. sk. Sarayacn, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
25. GYMNOPITHYS. 
Type. 
Gymnopithys, Bp. Ami. Sei. Nat. s£r. iv. t. i. p. 132 (1854) G. rufigula. 
Anoplops, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 9 (1859) ... . G. rufigula. 
Rhegmatorhina, Pidgio. Proc. U. S. N. M. x. p. 525 (1887) G. gymnops. 

This genus contains three species of Guiana and Amazonia, allied 
to Pithys, but distinguished by tho naked space round the eye. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Abdomen brown. 
I Interscapulium uniform 1. rujigtda, p. 297. 
I Interscapulium spotted 2. mefanosticta, p. 297. 
B. Abdomen black 
3. gymnops, p. 297. 
25. GYMNOPIIHYS. 
297 

1. Gymxiopithys rufigula. 
Petit merle brim a gorge rouaao do Oa) enne, Daub. PL Enl 044. fig. 2. 
Turclus rufigula, 7>\>^7. ZWfe d. PL 2hl p. 30. 
Tardus poctoralia, Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 357. 
Pithys poctoralia, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 214 ; Bp. Consp, 


i. p. 203. 
Anoplops rufigula, Cab. et 22ein. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 0. 
Pithys ruhgularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 273 (Cayenne); id. Cat 
A. B. p. ISO ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. SO; id. 2ln\ 1873, p. 113; Sol. 
et Salv. NomencL p. 74; Salvin, Ibis, l^ti"), p. 428 (Brit. Guiana); 
W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1SS7, p. 318 (Brit. Guiana). 
Myiothera poctoralia, Temm. TabL Meth. p. 17. 
Myrmotliera pectoralia, Less. Tr. (VOnu p. 300. 
Above umber-brown, dorsal spot white: front wings and tail 
mfcscent: beneath pale pinkish brown; sides of head and chin 
chestnut-brown ; flanks and criasum more dusky; bill blackish with 
yellowish point; feet yellow: whole length 5*2 inches, wing 3*2, 
tail 2. Female. Similar, but dorsal spot bright fulvous. 

I[ah. Guiana and Lower Amazonia. 

a. $ ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
<*, d. 3 ad.; 
Cayenne. 
Leseeka, Brit. GuianaSclater). 
Bartica Grove, Brit. 
(W. L. 
Guiana 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Jr. sk.
f. c? ad. sk.
\j. $ ad. sk. 
{Whitehj). 
CamaciLsa, Brit. Guiana ( 
Barra, Brazil (Natterer).
Whitehj). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

2. Gynmopitliys melanosticta. 
Pithys melanosticta, Scl. et Salv. P. Z, S. 1880, p. 160 (E. Ecuador). 
Above and beneath brown, rather more rufeseont above; feathers 
of middle of back, wing-coverts, and outer secondaries banded with 
black, which is edged with chestnut; remiges externally chestnut; 
middlo of crown dirty whitish; eye-region naked; sides of head 
and lores black ; bill above horn-colour, beneath whitish; feet pale 
plumbeous: whole length 5'2 inches, wing 3, tail 1*8. 

Hob. Eastern Ecuador. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
3. Gynmopitliys gymnops. 
Rhegmatorhina gymnops, Midgw. Proc. 77. S. N. Mus. x. p. 525 
(L. Amazons). 
Above umber-brown, rump duller• crested head and body beneath 
black; flanks and orissum brownish; a wide naked space round the 
eyes; bill blackibh, paler at the tip; feet black: whole length 0 
inches, wing 3*1, tail 2-2. Female. Similar, but head dusky and 
body beneath olive-brown. 

Ilab. Lower Amazons. 

Mr. Eidgway has kindly sont me his malo specimen of lihegmatorhina 
gymnops for examination. I think it can hardly be separated 
from G-ymnopithys genorically. 

POEMICARIIDiE. 

26. RHOPOTERPE. 
Type. 
Myrmornis, Hermann, Tab. off. An. p. 188 (1783) .. R. torquata ? * 
Rhopoterpe, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 227 .. R. torquata. 
This monotype is obviously allied to Formicarius, but distinguish


able by its short thick tarsi, short tail, long wings, denuded eye-
region, and longer bill. It extends from Guiana to Eastern Ecuador. 

Bill and foot of Bhopoterpe torquata. 

1. Rhopoterpe torquata. 
Le Fourmillier de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 700. fig. 1. 
Formicarius torquatus, Bocld. Table d. PL Enl. p. 43. 
Turd us formicivorus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 828. 
Myrmothera formicivora, Vieill. Enc. M6th. p. 682. 
Myioturdus palikour, MSnStr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (Set. 


Nat.) t. i. p. 470. 
Rhopoterpe formicivora, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 228; Bp. 
Consp. I. p. 200. 
Rhopoterpe torquata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 275 (Cayenne) ; id. 
Cat. A. B. p. 190 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 90; Scl. et Sain. Nomencl. 

p. 74; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above olive-brown with slight rufous mottlings; sides of head 
with minute white spots; concealed dorsal spot white, tipped with 
black: wings black, coverts terminated with pale fulvous spots, 
and with a line of small spots of the same colour on the outer webs 
of the primaries ; tail chestnut-red : beneath grey ; throat and neck 
black, bordered by an irregular line of white-margined feathers; 
flanks dusky; crissum bright chestnut; bill black ; feet brown: 
whole length 5*2 inches, wing 3*7, tail 1*5. Female. Similar, but 
throat and neck clear ferruginous. 

Hob. Guiana and Ecuador. 

* Hermann proposed Myrmomis as an equivalent to " Fourmillier " of Buff on. 
But this is too vague to render it necessary to use bis term in place of Bhopoterpe,
I think. 
27 . PBXOGOI'SIS. 
299 

a, &. 6 S a&«s^- Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
f> ^- c? 8 a<l. s^- Bartiea Grove. Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Colh 
(WMtely). 

e. $ ad. sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
f. cS ad. sk. British Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. 2 ad. sk. Dcmerara (Brown). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
\ i> d $ &d. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, k. <$ $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
/. Sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
27. PHLOGOPSIS * 
Type. 
Phlegopsis, jRekhmb. Ad. Syd. pi. Ivii. (1850). 
Phlogopsis, ScL P. Z. S. 1858, p. 270 P. nigromaculata. 
The wholly denuded eye-region and longer tail separato this form 
from Formicarius, besides which the tarsi are nearly smooth, the 
divisions of the scutes being obsolete, and the nostrils are rounded 
and placed further forward. 
PMogojms extends from Nicaragua southwards over Colombia and 
Amazonia. 

Key to the Sjoecies. 

A. Eemiges not banded. 
a. Breast uniform blackish ; tail chestnut, 
I Back-spots smaller 1. nigromaculata, p. 299. 
(Back-spots larger 2. bowmani, p. 300. 
b. Breast chestnut with black spots; tail 
blackish 3. macleannam, p. 300. 
B. 
Iiemiges banded. 
) With white spots 4. trivittata, p. 300. 
| With chestnut spots 5. erythroptera, p. 301. 
1. Phlogopsis nigromaculata. 
Myothera nigromaculata, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Ai\ i. p. 14; d'Orb. 

Voy., Ok. p. 190, pi. 0 bis. fig. 3. 
Formicarius nigromaculatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 47, et 1858, p. 08. 
Phlogopsis nigro-maculata, Sclater, P. Z. $. Ib58, p. 270; id. Cat 

A. B. p. 190; JSalv. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 73 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 90; 
Sd. etSalu. P Z. S. 1807, p. 570 (L. Amazons), et 1879, p. 025 
(Bolivia); iid. Nomench p. 75 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 70. 
Above olive-brown; head black ; wings and tail chestnut; interscapulium, 
wing-coverts, and outer secondaries marked with large 
black ovoid spots: beneath black, passing into brown upon the 
bolly and flanks; bill and feet black: whole length 0*5 inches, 
wing 3*3, tail 2*3. Female similar. 


Hub. Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Par&, Lower Amazons. R Graham, Esq. [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
* Refer also to P. notafa, Allen, Bull. A. M. N. II. ii. p. 97 (Bolivia), 
300 FOKMICARHD2E. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
E. Ucayali. 
Eio Napo, Ecuador. 
Eio Napo, Ecuador. 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
2. Phlogopsis bowmani. 

Phlogopsis bowmani, Uidgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. x. p. 524 (L. Amazons). 

Similar to P. nigromaculata, but with the black spots on the back 
and wings larger and much broader and the bend of the wing spotted 
with white. 

Hab. Lower Amazons. 

I have examined the typo of this species (U. S. N. Mus.) and think 
it is decidedly different from P. nigromaeulata, though very closely 
allied. 

3. Phlogopsis macleannani. 
Phlogopsis 
macleannani, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. pp. 285, 294 
(Panama); Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 357 (Panama) ; iid, NomencL 

p. 75; Said. P. Z. S.1867, p. 145 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, pp. 313, 
318 (Nicaragua) ; Frantz. J.f.0.1869, p. 306 (Costa Rica); liidgw. 
P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 415 (Costa Eica). 
Above brown; sides of head black; wings and tail blackish; 
interscapulium, wing-coverts, and outer secondaries with large black 
spots which are margined by bright rufous : beneath, throat black ; 
sides of neclc, breast, and belly chestnut, varied with large black 
occllations, which are bordered by chestnut margins: lower belly, 
flanks, and crissum brown; bill black; feet yellow: whole length 
7'5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hab. Nicaragua, Costa Eica, and Panama. 
The chestnut breast, with black ocellations, and yellow feet at 
once distinguish this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Cliontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Eica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Costa Eica {Carmiol). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Santiago de Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Phlogopsis trivittata. 
Formicarius trivittatus, Scl P. Z. S. 1857, p. 46, et 1858, p. 278 
(U. Amazons). 
Phlogopsis trivittata, Salv. P. Z. &'. 1866, p. 74; Scl. et Salv. 
Nom&nel p. 75. 
Above cinnamomeous brown: beneath paler, throat clearer; 
wings and tail blackish, tinged with cinnamomeous; tips of greater 
and lesser coverts and band across rerniges white; bill and feet 
black: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2*5. 

Hab. Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Wallace). Purchased. 
(Type of the species.) 
28 . TOEMICAEITTS. 
:*oi 
5. PMogopsis erythroptera. 
Foriuiearius evvthroptoriw, Gould, Ann. 2V*. II. sor. 2, xv. p. ;J45 ; id, 
P. Z. S. 1855, p. (59 (Brit. Guiana); 8cL P. Z. S. 1857, p. 47. 
Phlogopsis erytliroptera, 8el. P. #. A 1858, p. 276; Salv. P. %, 8. 
1800, p. 73; Pe&. 0;v*. Bras. p. 00 ; #c/. ^ tffl/n. Nomencl. p. 75 ; 
«V?. P. Z. & 1880, p. 155 (E. Ecuador). 

" Myioturdus teeniopteras, Natt. MS." Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 90. 

Above black; feathers of back and bead of the wing narrowly 
bordered with white ; upper tail-coverts slightly edged with chestnut 
; wings black, broad margins of wing-coverts and outer secondaries, 
and a largo blotch extending over the basal two thirds of the 
outer webs of the remiges, chestnut: beneath black; bill and feet 
black: whole length 7 inches, wing 3-8, tail 2-5. 

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia. 
This is a very distinct species, at once known by its black under 
surface, and the conspicuous chestnut markings on the wings. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

28. 
FORMICAEIUS *. 
Type. 
Formicarius, Bodd. Tail. d. PL JSnl p. 43 (1783) F. colmaf. 
The genus Formicarius seems well defined, and separable from 
the allied forms by several trenchant characters. Tho plumage 
consists of short, moderately firm feathers, giving the bird a compact 
appearance, vory different from that of PMogopsis, all members 
of which genus have softer and longer feathers, more liko those of 
Pithj/s and its afrines. Tho region behind tho eye is naked; in 
PMogopsis the entire circlet is bare. Tho supranasal feathers of 
Formicarius are short and compact; in PMogopsis they are long and 
prominent. The scutella of the tarsi of the former are distinct and 
divided, while PMogopsis has a single shield on the front of the 
tarsus. The nostril of Formicaries is oblong, and situated nearer 
the base of the bill than that of PMogopsis, which is- nearly round. 
The hind claw is longer and less curved. The tail is shorter, staffer, 
and less rounded (Salvin, P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 73). 

I am able to recognize seven species of Formicarius, which are 
distributed over the Neotropical "Region from Southern Mexico to 

S.E. Brazil and Bolivia. 
* Eefer also to :— 
F, thomcicus, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 101 (Ecuador). 
t As adopted by G. E. Gray, List of Gen. (1840), p. 26. 

302 
FOEMICARIXDJS. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Cap chestnut; crissum blackish. 
j Front chestnut 1. cohna, p. 302. 
j Front black 2. mgrifrons, p. 303. 
B. Cap brown; crissum rufous. 
a. Throat black, with a rufous border. 
\ Throat-border broad 3. moniliger, p. 303. 
I Throat-border narrow 4. Iioffmanni, p. 304. 
b. Throat black, not bordered with rufous. 
| Belly fuliginous 5. analis, p. 304. 
| Belly greyish 6. crissalis, p. 305. 
C. 
Cap brown, tinged with rufous ; lores black ; 
breast chestnut; crissum rufous 7. ruftpectus, p. 306. 
1. Formicarius corma. 
Le Tetema de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 821. 
Formicarius cayennensis, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 50; &elaftjr, 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 46, et 1858, p. 277 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 100; Salu. 
P. 
Z. S. 1866, p. 74 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 420; Set. et 
Sah. NomencL p. 75. 

Turdus colma, Gm. S. N. i. p. 827. 

Myiothera tetema, Burw. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 40 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 205. 

Myioturdus tetema, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1038 ; MSnetr. Mem. Acad. 

St. Petersb. s&\ vi. (ScL Nat.) t. i. p. 466. 

Myrmothera fuscicapilla, VieilL Nouv. Diet. xii. p. 112; id. Enc. 

Meth. p. 681. 

Myiothera ruflceps, Spi%\ Av. Bras. i. p. 72, pi. 72. fig. 1. 

Formicarius ruflceps, Pelz. Ovn. Bras. p. 90. 

Myrmothera colma et M. tetema, VieilL Enc. Mith. pp. 681, 083. 

Myiothera colma, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 686; Bp. Consp. 

I p. 205. 
Myrmornis cayanensis, Cab, et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 7. 


Above olive-brown; whole cap with front chestnut; tail blackish ; 
lores, sides of head, and body beneath to middle of breast black, then 
passing into brown on flanks, lower belly, and crissum; under 
wing-coverts blackish; remiges beneath with a pale fulvous basal 
band ; bill black; feet brown : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*5, 
tail 2. Female similar. Young, Lores and throat varied with 
whitish. 

Hal, S.E. Brazil. 

It is certain that the Guian an form of this group is F. nigrifrons, 
but it appears to be the present species that is figured in the 
' Planches Enluminees' as " Le Tetema de Cayenne." To avoid 
confusion I have, consequently, adopted Gmelin's specific term instead 
of Boddaert's, which indicates a wrong locality. 

a. S ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wuchere?'). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Purchased. 
e9 f. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
28 , EOKMICAEIUS. 

tm 

g. 
Ad.; 7i. Jr. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
sk. 
t. d ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Riocour Coll, 
/. d1 jr. sk. Peru(P). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Formicarius nigrifrons. 
Formicarius nigrifrons, Gould, Ami. K II sor. 2, xv. p. 344; «>/. 
P. Z S. 1855, p. 68 (E. Peru); &•/. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 145 (Bogota), 
1857, p. 47, et 1858, pp. 08, 277; 2V/. CV«5. A, P. p. 190; My. 
P. Z. A 1806, p. 74 (Voragua); id. Ik's, 1885, p. 429 (Brit. 
Guiana); Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 277 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl 
p. 75; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 32 (N. E. Pom). 
Formicarius cayanensis, P A 0m. Bras, pp. 90, 108. 
Like F. colma, but with the front black. 
Ilab. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia. 


a. c?ad : b. Jr.sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclator Coll. 
c. d 
ad.; d, e. § Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (WMtely). 
f) 
9-6 9- a^-sk- Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitehj). 

h. 
d ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(WMtely). 
i. d ad. sk. Demerara (Brown). Solvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
Ad. sk. British Guiana. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
k. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. d ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
n, 0. d ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Chamicuros, R Ucayali Gould Coll. 
(Hauxwell). " (Type of the species.) 
3. Formicarius mouiliger. 
Formicarius moniliger, Sclater, P. Z. S. 185(5, p. 294,1857, p. 47, 
1858, p. 278, et 1859, p 383 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 191; 
Salv. Ibis, 1861, p. 353 (Guatemala); id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 75 
(Veragua); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl p. 75. 

Myrmornis moniligera, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 3861, p. 96. 
Formicarius pallidus, Lawr. Ann. N. T. Acad. Sc. iL p. 288 
(Yucatan). 

Above brown, head rather darker, rump rather brighter; lores 
black, with a white spot: beneath paler; sides of neck rufous; 
throat black, bordered by a rufous neck-band; middle of belly 
tinged with cinereous; crissum pale rufous; broad bar across the 
base of the remiges on their inner webs pale fulvous; bill black; 
feet brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2*2. Female 
similar. 

Eab. Southern Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. 

The distinct rufous band which borders the black throat at once 
distinguishes this species. The Yucatan form (P. pallidus) has tho 
belly much paler, but Guatemalan specimens are intermediate. 

304 
FORMICAKIID2E. 

a. S 
&<*. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Salle [C.]. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. $ acl. tek. Oaxaca, Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
c. <$ad.; d. Ad.sk. Tizimin, Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad.sk. British Honduras (Blanca* Sab in-Godman Coll. 
neaiLv). 
g9 h. Ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala (Salvin). 

i. Ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j, h Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
'/. Ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
4. Eormicarius lioffnianni. 
Myrmornib hoffmanni, Cab. J.f. 0. 18(31, p. 05 (Costa Rica). 

Eormicarius hoffmanni, 
ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 357 (Panama), 
et 1879, p. 526 (Antioquia); id. Nbmencl. p. 75; Salv. P. Z. S. 
180G, p. 75, et 1870, p. 195 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1885, p. 429 
(Brit. Guiana) ; Finsch, P. Z. S.1870, p. 568 (Trinidad); Bom. 

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62 (Costa Rica); Nutt. P. U. 8. N. M. vi. p. 405 
(Nicaragua). 
Formicarius crissalis, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 75 (Veragua). 


Similar to F. moniliger, but the rufous neck-band absent or 

scarcely apparent; belly rather lighter cinereous, and crissum rather 

darker rufous. 

Eab. Costa Rica, Veragua, and Panama. 

This is a transitional form between F. moniliger and F. emails. 

Prom the latter it may be distinguished by its much paler under 

surface, lighter crissum, and the distinct white spot on the lores. 

a. $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. tf ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiiiqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. <S ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ jr. sk. Chepo, Panama. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. 
$ ad. j g, h. <$ Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
jr.; i Jr. sk. 

j. 
(S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
5. Formicarius analis. 
Myotkera analis, Lafr. et flOrb. 8yn. Av. i. p. 14 (Bolivia); d'Orb. 
Vog., Ois. p. 191/pl. 6 bis. tig. 1; Bp. Consp. i. p. 205. 
Formicarius analis, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 46, 1858, p. 68, et 1860, 

p. 294; id. Cat. A. B. p. 190; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 326 
(Panama); Salv. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 74, et 1867, p. 145 (Veragua) ; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 90; 8cl. et 8ah. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751, et 1873, 
p. 277 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 625 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 75; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 32 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 78', 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118 (Ecuador). 
Myrmornis analis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 7. 

Above brown, head rather darker; tail blackish; lores black, 
with a slight whitish speck in some specimens: beneath more cinereous 
; crissum rusty red; lower surface of wings with a broad 

28 . FOBMTCATOTS, 
basal band across the inner woks of the remigcs; bill black; feet 
brown : whole length 0 inched, wing 3*0, fail 2*2. Female similar. 
Bab. Bolivia, Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Costa 

Rica. 

^ There is much difficulty in distinguishing some specimons of this 
bird from F. hoffmamii on the one hand and F. crissalis on the 
other. _ The lores are quite black in typical specimens; but in others 
there is a white speck on them, sometimes more apparent on one 
side than on the othor. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. S ad. sk.
c. $ jr. sk.
d. e. $ ad. sk. 
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Veragua (Arce). 
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad.sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h, i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk.
h J ad. sk.
/. S ad. sk.
w.Jr.sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingworth), 
Santa Rita, Ecuador (Villagomez). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bucliey). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), 
Yquitoa, Peru (Whitely). 
Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). 
Ohyavetas, Peru (Barilett). 
Sarayacu, Peru (Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

6. Formicaries crissalis. 
Myiothera analis, Cab. in Schomb. Gnian. iii. p. (380. 
Myrmornis crissalis, Cab. J.f. 0. 1801, p. 96 (Roraima). 
Formicarius analis, Scl P. Z S. 1858, p. 277. 
Formicarius crissalis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 191; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 


1807, p. 570 (L. Amazons), et 1809, p. 252 (Venezuela)] Salv. 
Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above olive-brown, head rather darker; rump brighter; lores 
black, with a white spot; sides of neck pale rufous; tail-end blackish; 
beneath cinereous ; throat and nock black; middle of belly paler; 
crissum rusty red; broad band on the underside of the wings 
crossing the inner webs of the remiges at their base pale fulvous$ 
bill black; feet pale brown: whole length 7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2*1. 
Female similar. 
Ilab. Venezuela, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia. 

The white spot on the lores is not a safe diagnostic point of this 
species from F. analis, as indications of it appear in some specimens 
of the latter. The paler greyish under surface and rufous sides to 
the neck seem to be better characters; but it is difficult to decide 
to which form to refer some of the specimens without the aid of 
locality! 

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased. 
b. S &d. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. SanEsteban,Venezuela(Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
VOL. xv. 
x 

306 
-FOEMICAEIIDiE. 

f, 9' 6 $ &cL Carimang Pviver, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godrnan Ooll. 
sk. (WJiitely). 
L $ jr.; i $ Camacusa, Brit. Guiana (WMtely), Sal vin-Godman Ooll. 
ad. 'sk. 
/. cj ad. sk. Cainacusa, Brit. Guiana (WMtely). Sclater Ooll. 

k. 
cJad.sk. TakutuR., Brit. Guiana (WMtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. 
Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased, 
n. 
Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
7. Eormicarms rufrpectus. 
Formicarius rufipectus, Sal v. P. Z, S. 1866, p. 73, pi. viii., et 1867, 

p. 145 (Veragua); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 75. 
Above dark brown; rump and cap tinged with rufous ; lores and 
throat black; breast, middle of belly, and crissum chestnut-red; 
lower belly and flanks dusky ; bill black; feet brown : whole length 
7 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2-2. Female similar. 


Hah. Veragua and Ecuador. 
The chestnut breast at once distinguishes this well-marked species. 


a. $ ad.; b. Ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk. Baisa, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Subfamily III. GRALLABIIN,E. 

The elongated tarsi and short tail render this section of the 
American Ant-Thrushes easily recognizable. 

The Graliariince are distributed all over the wooded districts of 
the Neotropical Eegion from Southern Mexico to Bolivia and South 
Brazil, but arc most numerous in the Andean ranges of Colombia, 
Ecuador, and Peru, where they are represented by many local 
species. 

Key to tlie Genera. 

A, Tail moderate, longer than tarsus ...» 29. CHAMJEZA, p. 306. 

B. 
Tail short, shorter than tarsus. 
a. Bill broad, depressed 30. PITTASOMA, p. 309. 
b. Bill elevated, compressed. 
a'. Flank-feathers elongated 31. THAMNOCHARIS, p. 310. 
V. 
Plank-feathers normal. 
I Larger, stronger 32. GEALLARIA, p. 311. 
I Smaller, feebler 33. GRALLABICULA, p. 325. 
29. 
CHAMJEZA. 
Type. 
Chamseza, Tig. ZooL Journ. ii. p. 395 (1825) C. brevicauda. 
This genus is spread over Colombia, Guiana, Amazonia, and 
Brazil, and embraces species with a larger and somewhat rounded 
tail, and with the tarsi not quite so much lengthened as in Grallaria. 

20 . OHAMJISZA. 
307 
Key to the $2)ecies. 

A. Throat not barred. 
a. 
Smaller: beneath with more or less fulvous 
tinge. 
a'. Middle of belly with a slight fulvous tinge. 1. bremauda, p. 307. 
b'. Middle of belly white. 

| Breast slightly fulvous 2. oliuacea, p. 307. 
| Breast strongly fulvous 3. firfvescvw, p. 808. 

b. Larger: beneath without fulvous tinge 4. \wbilis, p. 308. 
B. Throat and whole body beneath barred 5. mollissima, p. 309. 
1. ChamsBza brevicauda. 
Turdus brevicaudus, Vieill Nouv. Diet. xx. p. 239: id. Enc. Mtth, 
p. (545. 
Myiothera campanisona, Licht. Doubl. p. 43. 
Chanuoza meruloides, Vuj. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 305 j Jard. ot Selb. Ill 
Orn. i. pi. 11. 
Myioturdus marginatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1035; MSnetr. Mem. 

"Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (Sci. Nat.) t. i. p. 465, pi. 1. 
Chamsezosa brevicauda, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p, 218. 
Grallaria brevicauda, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 334. 
Chamsezosa marginata, Burm. Sgst. TIeb. iii. p. 47. 
" Myiothera strigilata, Cuv." JPuoh. Arch. d. Mm. vii. p. 335. 
Charujeza brevicauda, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 278 (S.E. Brazil); id. 

Cat. A. B. p. 191; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 91; Scl. et Salv. NomencL 

p. 75. 
Cliameeza niarginatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 204. 
Above olive-brown, head rufous; lores and spot behind the eye 
white; tail-end black, tipped with pale fulvous: beneath white, 
tinged throughout with fulvous; sides of neck, breast, and belly 
with more or less pronounced black striations on both lateral 
margins of the feathers; middle of belly less striated; bill brown, 
beneath yellow; feet yellow: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 8*4, 
tail 2-8, tarsus 1*5. Female similar. 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
c} d, e. Ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
/. <5 ad. sk. Pelotas, Ilio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
g-j. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
k Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
I Skeleton. S.E. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 

2. Chamseza olivacea. 
Chamseza olivacea, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 279; id. Faun. 
Per., Aves, p. 178 j Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 279; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 191 j Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 108, et 1875, p. 237 (Venezuela), 
et 1879, p. G25 (Bolivia); iid. NomencL p. 75; Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 531 (C. Peru); id. Orn. PSr. ii. p. 80. 
Charngeza marginata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 145 (Bogota). 
x2 

308 
F0KMXCAEIID2E. 

Scarcely different from 0. brevicauda, but perhaps distinguishable 
by its whiter throat and middle of belly, and the broader and darker 
striations on the under surface. 

Ilab. Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. 

a. Acl.sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. 3 ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<?. Jad.sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
e,f,g. Ad.sk. Bogota. 
3. Chamseza Mvescens. 
Chameeza fulvescens, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 79 (Brit. Guiana); 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above fulvous olive-brown, head darker; lores and line behind 
the eye whitish• tail-end black, tipped with pale fulvous ; sides of 
head and body beneath white, with numerous black striations 
occupying the lateral margins of the feathers ; breast and crissum 
strongly tinged with fulvous: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, 
tail 2-3, tarsus 1-6. Female similar. 

Eab. British Guiana. 

Closely allied to the two preceding species, but distinguishable by 

the strong fulvous tinge on the breast and the darker colour above. 

a, b. $ ad.; c. 5 Merunie* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (Whitely), (Types of the species.) 

d. <$ ad. sk. Merume* Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 
c,f- 
6 $ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(Whitely). 

g. 
$ ad. sk. Rorairna, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
4. Chaxnaeza nobilis. 
Ckamseza nobilis, Gould, Ann. N. II. ser. 2, xv. p. 344; id. P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 68 (Peru); Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 68 (Rio Napo) et 

p. 279 (Peru); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 277 (E. Peru), 
et 1880, p. 155 (Ecuador); iid. Nomencl p. 75; Tacz. Orn. Per. 
ii. p. 79. 
Above dark fulvous-brown; front and nape rufescent; lores and 

streak behind the eye whitish; tail-end black, with broad tips of 

pale fulvous: beneath clear white; breast, flanks, and crissum with 

broad black striations on both sides of the feathers; under wing-

coverts white, with blackish margins: whole length 8 inches, 

wing 4*5, tail 2-5, tarsus 1*G. Female similar. 

Eab. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 

The large size and clear white ground-colour of the under surface 

distinguish this fine species. 

30 . riTTASOMA. 
a. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Upper Amazons Gould Coll. 
b, c. Ad.; d. 
Jr. sk. 
(Hauxioell). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 

5. Cliamseza mollissima. 
Chamreza 
mollissima, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 89, pi. 95, et p. 145, et 
1858, p. 279 (Bogota); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 75. 

Above brownish chestnut; wings and tail blackish, edged like 
the back; sides of bead and body beneath white, slightly tinged 
with fulvous on breast and crissum and covered throughout with 
numerous black crossb ars; uropygial plumes very dense: whole 
length 5*7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2-5. 

Hah. Bogota. 
The shorter bill, dense uropygial plumes, and regularly barred 
nnder surface at once distinguish this species. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
(Type of the species.) 
30. PITTASOMA. 
Typo. 
Pittasoma, Cassin, Proc. Ac, Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 189 P. michleri. 

Bill of Pittasoma michleri, from above and side. 

The flattened beak at once distinguishes this type from its 
neighbours. It is restricted to Central America. The tail is very 
short; the tarsus long and strong. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Sides of head rufous 
1. michleri, p. 309. 
B. Sides of head black 
2. zeledoni, p. 310. 
1. Pittasoma michleri. 
Pittasoma 
michleri, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 18G0, p. 189 (R. 
Truando); Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. pp. 294, 32G (Panama); Scl. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 357 (Panama); iid. Nomencl. p. 75; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146, et 1870, p. 196 (Veragua). 

310 
FOEMICATUXDiE. 

Above brown; cap black; sides of bead and line round nape 

chestnut; wing-coverts witb apical spots of pale fulvous : beneath 

white, varied with undulating cross bars of black ; throat fringed 

with chestnut-rufous ; flanks and crissum olivaceous brown : whole 

length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 1*2, tarsus 2. Female, Above like 

male : beneath only very slightly banded ; throat whitish. 

Hob. Panama and Veragua. 

a, b. 3 J ad. sk.; c. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
S jr. sk. 

d. S jr. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
/. $ ad. sk. Santa E£, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Pittasoma zeledoni. 
Pittasoma midden zeledoni, Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 414 
(Costa Rica). 

Similar to P. michleri, but larger, and whole head (including 
throat) entirely black, except a few touches of chestnut on the 
auriculars (Ridgway). 

Hah. Costa Rica. 

Mr. Ridgway has sent me the type of this species for examination. 
I think it is fairly separable. 

31. THAMNOCHARIS* 
Bill of Thamnocharis dignissima. 

This curious monotype from Eastern Ecuador has the general 
form of Grallaria, but the bill is shorter and thicker, and the 
feathers of the flanks are enormously elongated. The tail is very 
short and the tarsi long. 

1. Thamnocharis dignissima. 
Grallana 
dignissima, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 160, pi. xvii. 
(Ecuador). 

Above olive-brown, lores and sides of head fulvous; wings 
rufescent; tail black; rump-feathers much elongated, black with 
white stripes: beneath, throat and neck bright ferruginous red; 

* Thamnocharis, gen. nov. 9dfivo9, a bush, and %apis, grace. 
32. GIULLABIA.
breast thickly striped with white ; rnidcllo of belly white; flanks 

covered wTith lengthened feathers, 
black with long- white stripes ; 

under wing-coverts and inner margins of wings rufous ; bill light 

brown; feet hazel: whole length G inches, wing 4*1, tail 1*1, 

tarsus 2'2. 

Uab, Eastern Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
32. 
GEALLARIA*. 
Typo. 
Grallaria, Vieill Analyse, p. 43 (1810) G. varia. 
Myrmothera, Vieill. Analyse, p. 43 (1816) G. brevicauda. 
Myioturclus, Bote, Isis, 1820, p. 972 G. varia. 
Myiotriebas, Boie, Isis, 1831, p. 542 G. varia. 
Colobathris, Gloger, Hand- ?/. Ililfsb. d. Nat. p. 304 (1842) G. varia. 
Codonibtris, Gloger, oj). cit. p. 303 (1842) G. brevicauda. 
Hypsibemon, Cat. Wieym. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 217 G. ruficapilla. 
The genus Grallaria—one of the best-marked forms amongst the 
Formicariidce, and offering many points of external resemblance 
to the Piitce of tho Old-World tropics—may be conveniently divided 
into four sections, as follows :— 


A. GiganteSi containing the two 
species G. squamigera and 
G. gigantea; which are easily distinguishable from the rest of their 
congeners by their large size and strong bill. (See p. 311.) 
B. Beges, containing the seven representative forms of the G. rex 
(sive varia\ some of which are well defined, while others scarcely 
deserve specific separation. These I arrange geographically from 
north to south. (See p. 313.) 
C. Uniformed: those with the plumage generally of a uniform 
character, without ffammulations upon the breast and belly. This 
group consists exclusively of high-ranging Andean species. (See 
p. 316.) 
B. Flammulatce : containing the remaining twelve species, all of 
which have the under surface more or less flamtnulated, and lead 
us on to the group of diminutive species which I have separated 
under the name Grallarioula. (See p. 320.) 
Grallaria is distributed over the whole area of the subfamily— 
L e. from Southern Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. 

A. GKALLARI2E GIGANTES. 
Key to the Species. 

A. Smaller: front fulvous 
1. squamigera, p. 312. 
B. Larger : front rufous 
2. gigantea, p. 312. 
* Refer also to :*— 
(1) G.frzewalsMi, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 33 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Mr. 
ii. p. 84 (Peru). 
(2) G. intermedia, Ridgw. Proc. U, S. N. M. vi. p. 406 (Nicaragua). 
FORMICAKIIDiE. 

1. G-rallaria squamigera. 
Grallaria squamigera, PrSv. Voy. V&nus, Zool p. 198, pi. 3; Lafr. 
Pev. Zool 1842, p. 333 ; Bp. Co?isp. i. p. 204; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 145. et 1858, p. 280 (Bogota) et p. 553, et 1860, p. 89 (Ecuador) ; 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 192 ; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 439; Sol et Sah. P. Z. & 
1874, p. 678 (S.W. Peru), 1875, p. 235 (Merida), et 1879, p. 025 
(Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl p. 75; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 81. 
Myiotrichas squamigera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Eein. ii. p. 6. 
Colobatkris squamigera, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 217. 

Above ashy brown, some of the feathers with slight darker 
margins ; wings and tail brownish ; throat whitish with a blackish 
lateral streak; sides of head and whole under surface and under 
wing-coverts deep yellowish fulvous, crossed by numerous black 
undulations, except on the lower belly and crissum; back blackish : 
beneath yellowish; feet dark brown: whole length 7*5 inches, 
wing 5*7, tail 2*6. Female similar. 

Eab, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. st.
b, c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
7/. Jr.sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i,j. Ad sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sierra Nevada, Merida, Venezue(Goering). 
Matos, Ecuador. ^ 
Sari Lucas, Ecuador (Villagome 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
la Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L. Fraser [C.]. 
z). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jc'. Pull. sk.
I Ad sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Calacali, Ecuador. ' 
Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. 
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia(Buckley), 
L. Fraser [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas,
(BucJrfey). 
Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. G-rallaria gigantea. 
Grallaria gigantea, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 345 (1866) 
(Ecuador); Scl Ibis, 1877, p. 439. 

Like G. squamigera, but larger, bill much thicker ; front red and 

belly ferruginous : whole length 9 inches, wing 6, tail 2*5. 
Eab. Ecuador. 
Besides the type (now in the U. S. National Museum),

have examined a specimen of this fine species belonging to the 
Brussels Museum, and am satisfied of its distinctness from G. 
squamigera. 

32 . GEAXLAEIA, 
313 
B. GKAXLAKIJS BEGES. 
Key to the Species. 

A. Under surface uniform, not barred. 
a. Back-feathers with black edgings. 
f Larger: belly pale fulvous 3. mexicana, p. 313. 
J Larger: belly deep fulvous 4. gnatcmalenbis, p. 313. 
1 Larger: belly deep ferruginous 5. primes, p. 314. 

L Smaller: belly deep fulvous ., 0. regains, p, 314. 

b. Back uniform 
7. haplonota, p. 315. 
B, 
Under surface barred or spotted. 
\ Smaller: breast with white striations. 8. oaria, p. 315. 
) Larger: breast without white striations. 9. imperator, p. 31G. 


3. Grallaria mexicana. 
Grallaria guatemalensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 204 (Mexico), et 
1858, p. 280 (pt.), et 1859, pp. 300, 38,1 (Mexico). 

Grallaria 
mexicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 381, et 1864, p. 175 
(Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 101 j id. Ibis, 1877, p. 440 (Mexico) ; 
Salv. Ibis, 1861, p. 354 j Scl et Said. Nomencl p. 75. 

Above olivaceous brown, napo cinereous, feathers with distinct 
blackish margins ; wings and tail rufous-brown: beneath pale 
fulvous, whitish on the throat and middle of the belly; irregular 
neck-collar blackish; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-
feathers pale chestnut: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 5*1, tail 2, 
tarsus 2*1. 

Hah. Southern Mexico. 

a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca), Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
c. Ad. sk. Western Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
4. Grallaria guatemalensis. 
Grallaria guatemalensis, Frio. Voy. VSnus, Zool. p. 190, pi. 4; Scl et 
Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 119 (Guatemala); iid. Nomencl p. 75; Salvin, 
Ibis, 1801, p. 354; Scl Cat A. B. p. 101; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 440 
(Guatemala). 

Chamaeza guatimalensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 204. 

Similar to G. mexicana, but rather smaller, and abdomen of a 
nearly uniform deep fulvous ; neck-collar less well marked: whole 
length 7 inches, wing 4-5, tail 1*5, tarsus 2. 

Hah, Guatemala. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz (Sahiri). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. 2 
ad. sk. Yaxcamal, N. Vera Paz (Salvin fy Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Godman). 
d. Ad. sk. Forests of N. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
314 
F0EMICAKIID2E. 

e. Jr. sk. 
/. cJ ad.; g. 
Jr. sk. 

i. 
J ad.; j. 
? jr. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
/. Ad. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
Savana Grande, Forests of W. 
Guatemala (SalvinfyGodman). 
Oalderas, Volcan de Fuego, 

Guatemala (Salvin). 
Barranco-Hondo, V. de Fuego, 
Guatemala (Salvin). 
Pajal Grande, V. de Fuego; 

Guatemala (Salvin). 
Guatemala. 
Guatemala. 
Guatemala. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
5. Grallaria princeps. 
Grallaria guatemalensis, Salv. P. Z. S. 18C7, p. 146 (Veragua); id. 
Ibis, 18G9, p. 312; Later. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 89 (Veragua). 

Grallaria 
princeps, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1809, p. 418 (Veragua); 
Salv. Ibis, 1809, p. 312; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196 (Veragua); Scl. 
Ibis, 1877, p. 441 (Veragua). 

Similar to G. guatemalensis, but darker above, and with the belly 

more deeply ferruginous: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 4*3, tail 

1*7, tarsus 1*9. 

Ilab. Costa Eica and Veragua. 

a. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Rica (Rogers). 
b. $ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. ' 
(Types 

(Arce). 

of the 

c. Ad. sk. Santa F6, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. | 
species.) 

(Arce). 

d. Ad. sk. Southern Slope of the Salvin-Godman Coll. " 
Volcano of Clikiqui 
(Arce). 

6. Grallaria regulus. 
Grallaria regulus, Sclater, P.Z.S.1860, p. 60 (Ecuador); id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 192; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 7o; Scl. Ibis, 1877, p. 441; 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 232 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 80; 
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 302 (W. Ecuador); Salv. Ibis, 
1885, p. 430 (Brit. Guiana). 
Similar to G. guatemalensis, but of smaller dimensions, and throat 

and breast darker : whole length 6'3 inches, wing 4, tail 1-2, tarsus 

1-6. 

Ilab. Ecuador, Colombia, and Eoraima district of British Guiana. 

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b, e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. § ad. sk. Eoraima, Brit. Guiana (WHtely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
315 32 , GKLULLARIA. 

7. G-rallaria haplonota. (Plato XVIT.) 
Grallaria haplonota, 8c£. Ibis, 1877, p. 442 (Venezuela). 
Above nearly uniform olive-brown • bead rathor more cinereous 
and showing traces of fine black margins to the feathers ; tail pale 
brown: beneath fulvous, slightly tinged with olive-brown on the 
sides of the breast; throat pale fulvous, bordered on each side and 
beneath by an irregular blackish neck-collar; under wing-coverts 
and crissum pale chestnut: whole length 7*3 inches, wing 4*2, tail 
1*5, tarsus L*8. 

Hab. Venezuela. 

This species is distinguished from the four preceding by its uniform 
olive-brown back. 

a. \&, sk. Venezuela (8pence). Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela(Goering). 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-(Rodman Coll. 

8. G-rallaria varia. 
Le roi des Fourmilliers de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl, 702. 
Eormicarius varius, Bodcl Table d. PI. Enl. p. 44. 
Turdus rex, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 828. 
Turdus grallarius, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 361. 
Grallaria fusca, Vieill Gal. d. Ois. i. pi. 154; Tsch, F. P., Aves, 


p. 181. 
Pitta grallaria, Temm. PI. Col. sub. tab. 217. 
Myioturdus rex, MenStr. Mem. Imp. Ac. 8c. 8t. PStersb. ser. vi. 
(8ci Nat) t. i. p. 462. 
Grallaria varia, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; 8cl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 280 • 
id. Ibis, 1877, p. 442 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 91; 8cl ei 8ah. Nomencl. 

p. 75; 8ah. Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Brit. Guiana). 
Colobathris rex, Cat. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 217. 
Above olive-brown, back of head and nape cineraceous, front 
brownish ; most of the feathers of head and back strongly margined 
with blackish; wings and tail brown : lores whitish: beneath, 
throat and breast chocolate-brown, with narrow shaft-stripes of 
creamy white • throat bordered on each side by a broad white lino, 
and crossed beneath by an irregular collar of white stripes; belly 
creamy white with fulvous tinge, varied by blackish specks; crissum 
and under wing-coverts fulvous: whole length 7 inches, wing 4*4, 
tail 1*6, tarsus 2. Female similar. 
Hab. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and K Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Para. K. Graham, Esq. 
rp.]. 
b. $ ad. * c, d. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvm-Godman Coll. 
5 ad.; e. ? (Whitehj). 
jr. sk. 

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 

(Whitehj). 

316 FOBMICAEIIDiE. 
g. <$ ad. sk.
h. Pull. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . Ad. sk. 
Takutu R , Brit. Guiana(WMtely). 
Quonga, Brit. Guiana(Whitely). 
PernambucOj Brazil (Forbes). 
S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Ooll. 
Baron Laugier's Coll. 

9. Grallaria imperator. 
Myioturdus rex, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1027. 
Myiothera grallaria, Liclit. Doubt, p. 43. 
Grallaria imperator, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 833; Sclater, P. Z. S. 


1858, p. 280 (S.E. Brazil) • id. Cat. A. B. p. 191; id. Ibis, 1877, 

p. 443 (Brazil) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 204; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 91; Scl. 
et Sah. Nomencl p. 75; Berl. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 255 (S. Brazil). 
Colobathris imperator, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 217. 
Myiotricbas imperatrix, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 6. 
Grallaria rex, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 49. 

Above olive-brown, bead cinereous, lores whitish; front brown ; 
featbers of head and back mostly with fulvous shafts and blackish 
margins; wings and tail brown: beneath pale fulvous, crossed by 
numerous, narrow, ill-defined blackish bands; throat blackish, 
bordered on each side by a broad, white mystacal band, and beneath 
by an irregular neck-collar of white-striped feathers; crissum and 
under wing-coverts clear fulvous : whole length 8 inches, wing 4*9, 
tail 1*7, tarsus 1*9. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
Distinguished from G. varia by its large size, blacker throat, and 
the continuous cross-bands on the under plumage. 

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Rothesay [P.]. 
d. Skeleton. Brazil. Eyton Coll. 
C. GKALLARIJE OTIFOEMES. 
Key to the Species. 

A. 
Under surface uniform cinereous. 
( Larger: bead brown • nape chestnut. 10. nuchalis, p. 317. 
I Larger: head and nape chestnut ... . 11. ruficeps, p. 317. 
( Smaller: head and back rufous 12. mfo-cinerea, p. 317. 
B. Under surface not uniform cinereous. 
a. Throat and breast ochraceous 13. monticola, p. 317. 
b. Throat and breast pale yellow 14, flavotincta, p. 318. 
c. Throat white. 
( Breast deep rufous 15. erythroleiwa, p. 318. 
< Breast pale rufous 16. erythrotis, p. 319. 
( Breast very pale cinereous 17. hypoleuca, p. 319. 
d. Throat and breast rufous. 
| Nape cinereous 18. griseonucha, p. 319. 
) Nape and back rufous 19. rufula, p. 319. 
32, GKAILABIA. 

317 

10. Grallaria nuchalis. 
Grallaria 
nuchalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 441 (Rio Napo); id. 
Cat. A. II p. 192; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 444 (Ecuador); 8cL et Sab. 
Nomencl. p, 75. 

Abovo dark olive-brown; head rather more rufous ; nape chestnut: 
beneath dark blackish cinereous; under surface of wings 
rufous; bill and feet black: whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4*5, 
tail 2-1, tarsus 2-1. 

Hab. Ecuador. 
a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador.
(Type of the species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 

11. Grallaria ruficeps. 
Grallaria 
ruficeps, 8cL P. Z. 8, 1873, p. 720 (Antioquia); id. Ibis, 
1877, p. 444, pi. -viii. (Antioquia) ; 8cl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 526 
(Antioquia). 

Above deep olive-brown; whole head chestnut; lores blackish: 
boneath cinereous; inner margins of wing-feathers fawn-colour; 
bill black; feet dark hazel: whole length 8 inches, wing 4*5, tail 2, 
tarsus 2'5. 

Hab. Antioquia, Colombia. 

The wholly chestnut head at once distinguishes this species from 

G. nuchalis. 
a. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). T.'lv. Salmon [_C.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. (S ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
12. G-rallaria rufo-cinerea. (Plato XIX.) 
Grallaria rufo-cinerea, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 526 (Antioquia). 
Abovo, including wings and tail, uniform ferruginous red: beneath 
cinereous; throat slightly tinged with rufous ; bill black; 
feet brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3*4, tail 1*8. 

Hob. Antioquia, Colombia. 
This is a much smaller bird than the preceding, and hasiheuppor 
surface nearly uniform clear ferruginous. 

a. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
13. Grallaria monticola. 
Grallaria monticola, Lafr. Eev. Zool 1847, p. G8 ; Des Murs, Icon. 
Orn. pi. 53; Sclater, P. Z.8.1857, p. 18 (Bogota), 1858, p. 281, et 

FOEMICAEirDiB. 

1860, p. 78 (Ecuador); id. Cat.A.B. p. 102 ; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 444 
(Ecuador) ; Scl. et Said. Nomencl. p. 75; Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S 
1884, p. 302 (W. Ecuador). 

Cliamrcza monticola, Bp. Consp. i. p. 204. 

Grallaria quitensis, Less, JScho d. M. S. 1844. 

Above nearly uniform brownish olive ; lores, sides of head, and 
body beneath pale yellowish brown or ochraeeous; under wing-
coverts fawn-colour; bill and feet brown: whole length 8 inches, 
wing 54, tail 2. 

Hob. Ecuador and Western Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Ruco Pichincha, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
d,e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk. 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk.
\ Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Colombia. 
Sclater Coll. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 

14. G-rallaria flavotincta. 
Grallaria flavotincta, Scl. Ibis, 1877, p. 445, pi. ix. (Antioquia) j Scl. 
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 526 (Antioquia). 

Above, including sides of head, uniform deep rufous-brown : 
beneath dirty white, whole throat and breast tinged with pale 
yellow,* flanks and crissum brown like the back; under wing-coverts 
dark fulvous ; bill and feet dark brown: whole length 6-8 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 1'5, tarsus 1*9. 

Hah. Antioquia, Colombia. 
Easily known from G. monticola by its dark rufous upper surface 
and pale yellow breast. 

a. Ad. sk. Pronfcino, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. S jr. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
15. Grallaria erythroleuca. 
Grallaria 
erythroleuca, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 783 (Peru); id. Ibis, 
1877, p. 445 (Peru); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 87. 

Above rich chestnut-brown, brighter on the cap, sides of the head, 
and tail: beneath, throat and middle of the belly white; breast 
and flanks rufous, like the back, some of the breast-feathers with 
white margins ; under wing-coverts ferruginous ; bill and feet clear 
brown : whole length 7'2 inches, wing 3*6, tail 2, tarsus 2*1. 

Hal. S.W. Peru. 

This is a very well-marked species, readily recognizable by the 
chestnut colour of the body above, which extends on the breast and 
flanks. 

a. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
32 . ORALLAKIA. 
319 

16. Grallaria erytlirotis. (Blake XVIII.) 
Grallaria erytlirotis, Set. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 357, ot 1871), p. 025 
(Bolivia); Sol. Ibis, 1877, p. 445 (Bolivia). 

Above cinoraceous olive: lores and sides of head clear rufous : 
beneath dirty white; breast washed with ochraccous ; flanks and 
crissum pale brownish ; bill blackish, with a whitish tip ; feet 
clear hazel: whole length 0 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2, tarsus 2. 

Hah. Bolivia. 
The distinct red ear-region at once characterizes this species. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman ) ,™ 
{Buckley). Coll. / \y,lm 

c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclator Coll. f °\.iL, 
) 8PccieK) 

(Buckley).

17. Grallaria hypoleuca. 
Grallaria hypoleuca, Scl. P.Z. S. 1855, pp. 88, 145, 1858, p. 281, ot 
1808, p. o75 (Bogota); id. Ibis, 1877, p. 446; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 101 (Ecuador). 

Above clear ferruginous red; lores whitish: beneath white; 
flanks and crissum pale cinereous: whole length 0*5 inches, wing 
3*5, tail 1-8, tarsus 1*7. 

Hab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. San Jos<5, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
18. Grallaria griseonucha. 
Grallaria griseonucha, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 780 (Merida) • 
Scl. Ibis, 1877, p. 446 (Venezuela). 

Above rufous-brown; broad band round the nape dark grey : 
beneath bright ferruginous red ; tail very short; bill and feet dark 
corneous: whole length 6 inches, wiug 3*5, tail 1, tarsus 1*9. 


Hab. Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 
The cinereous nape and deep red under plumage render this 
species easily recognizable. 

a. $ 
ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
19. Grallaria rnfula. 
Grallaria rufula, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1843, p. 99: Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, 
p. 145, et 1858, p. 283 (Bogota), et 1873, p. 780 (Peru) j id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 193; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 446; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 70; 
Berl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 303, et 1885, p. 101 (Ecuador). 
Hypsibemon rufulus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 218; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 204. 

Above nearly uniform dark ferruginous red: beneath clearer, 
more ochraceous; middle of belly paler; bill horn-colour; feet 
brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 1*1, tarsus 1*7. 

320 
rOEMICAEIIDiE. 

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 
The small size and uniform colour distinguish this species. 


a. Ad. sk. 
b, c. Ad.; d, e. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
f,g. Ad.sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Balsa, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j . $ &d. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
Oachupata, Peru (Whitely). 
Peru (WMtelij). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

D. GRALLABIJS FLAMMUXATiE. 
Key to the Species. 

A. Larger: 
head rufous ; breast white with 
black stripes. 
a. Lores rufous. 
| Breast-stripes narrower, lighter ... . 20. ruficapilla, p. 320. 
I Breast-stripes broader, darker 21. nlgro4ineata,^.tj21. 
6. Lores white 
22, albUoris, p. 321. 
B. Smaller: head not rufous. 
c. Flanks not ochraceous. 
a'. Back uniform. 
a", Back brown. 
I Breast striped 23. brevicauda, p. 321. 
I Breast banded 24. simplex, p. 322. 

b". Back olivaceous 25. modesta, p. 322. 
b'. Back spotted 26. andicola, p. 323. 

d. Planks more or less ochraceous. 
c'. Breast fulvous, with slight blackish 
striations. 
j Lores white; wing-edgings brown . 27. fulviventris,^. 323. 
(Lores fulvous j wing-edgings rufous. 28. *dives, p. 323. 

d'. Breast white, with strong black striations. 


c". Back not striated. 
i Wing-coverts edged with rufous. 29. macularia, p. 324. 
| Wing-coverts uniform 30. ochroleuca, p. 324. 

d". Back striated 
13. perspicillata, p. 325. 

20. Grallaria ruficapilla. 
Grallaria ruficapilla, Lafr. Eev. Zool. 1842, p. 333; Sclater, P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 145 (Bogota), 1858, p. 282, et 1860, pp. 63,60 (Ecuador); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 192; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 447; Scl. et Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 527 (Antioquia); 
iid. Nomencl. p. 75; Pelz. Ibis, 1875, p. 331; Berl. et Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 302, et 1885, p. 101 (Ecuador). 
Hypsibemon 
ruficapillus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 217 ; 
JBp, Consp. i. p. 204. 

Above olive-brown, rump with a few white shaft-stripes; head 
chestnut; beneath white; sides of neck, breast, and belly striped 

32. GRALLABIA.
with dark olive-brown ; Hanks brownish ; imcler wing-coverls and 

inner margins of wing-feathers pale chestnut; 
bill and feci brown: 

whole length 7 inches, wing 3-D, tail 2-2, tarsus 2. Female similar. 

Jlab. Colombia and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
c. Ad. sir. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad.; e. Jr.sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f-h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
i. 
$ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (tint- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
mon). 
/. 2 ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Hal- Sab in-Godman Coll. 
mon), 
h, I Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salviu-Godinan Coll. 


m. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. tak. Ecuador. 
Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Ckillanes, Ecuador (Fraser). Eyton Coll. 
21. Grallaria nigro-liiieata. 
Grallaria ruficapilla nigro-lineata, Berlepsch, MS. 
Similar to G. ruficapilla, but stripes on body beneath muck 
broader and darker in colour. 
Hal. Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (BrieTw). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimens.) 

c. Ad. sk. Sierra Nevada, Merida, Vene- Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
zuela (Goering). 
22. Grallaria albiloris. 
Grallaria albiloris, Toes. P. Z. S. 1830, p. 201 (N. Peru), et 1882, 
p. 33 (N.E. Peru) j id. Orn. P£r. ii. p. 82. 
Similar to G. ruficapilla, but plumage above rather duller; lores 
whitish ; white colour beneath with a slight fulvous tinge : whole 
length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 2'3. 

Hab. Peru. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Callacate, Peru (Stolmmnri). Sclater Coll. 
(Authentic specimen.) 
b. Ad. sk. Peru. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
23. Grallaria brevicauda. 
Le Beffroi de Cayenne, Daub. PL Bnl 700. fig. 1. 

Formicarius brevicauda, Bodd. Table d. PL ML p. 44. 

Turdus tinniens, Grn. S. JV. i. p. 827. 

Grallaria tinniens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 204; Burm. Syst Ueb. in. p. 51; 

Lap. Bev. Zool. 1842, p. 334; Tsch. Faun. Per., Avcs, p. 182. 

Pitta tinniens, Temm. PL Col, sub tab. 217. 

Grallaria brevicauda, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 89, et 1858, p. 281; 

id. Cat. A. B. p. 192 j id. Ibis, 1877, p. 447; SeL et Salv. P. Z. S. 


VOL. xv.

322 FOKMICABIIDiE. 

1867, p. 978, et 1873, p. 277 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 75 ; Feb. 

Om. Bras. p. 91; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Brit. Guiana). 
Oolobathris tinniens, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 217. 
Myioturdus tinniens, Menetr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. vi. {Sci. 

Nat.) t. i. p. 4G9. 
Gwdlaria minor, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 83 (N.E. Peru). 
Grallaria brevicauda minor, rFacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 8G. 

Above reddish brown: beneath white, breast and belly flammulated 
with grey; flanks grey ; under wing-coverts bright fulvous : 
whole length 5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 1*3, tarsus 1*3. Female 
similar. 

Flab. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
b, e. S 5 ad. &k. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
(Whitely). 

d. (S ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
e. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
f. cj. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
i. <Jad.sk. Pebas,E. Peru (IlaiLVivell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Chamieuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [0.]. 
24. Grallaria simplex. 
Grallaria simpler, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 451 (Brit. Guian.); 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 430. 

Above reddish brown : beneath pale grey; throat whitish, slight 
pectoral band and flanks olive-brown; crissum and under wing-
coverts fulvous-brown : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 1*8, 
tarsus 1*3. Female similar. 

Hab. Eoraima district of British Guiana. 

Though nearly allied to G. brevicauda, this is quite a distinct 
species ; the grey flanimulations on the chest being replaced by an 
ill-defined brownish pectoral band. 

a, b. $ acl.; c. $ Eoraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk.
d, e. <$ $ ad. sk. 
( Whitely). 
Eoraima, Brit. Guiana 
(Types of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
{Whitely). 

25. Grallaria modesta. 
Giallaria mode&ta, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 89, pi. 94, et p. 145, et 
1858, p. 281 (Bogota); id. Ibis, 1877, p. 448 (Bogota); Scl. et 
Salv. Nomencl p. 75. 

Above deep brownish olive, wings and tail more brownish: beneath 
olivaceous, flammulated with yellowish white; middle of belly 
whitish: under wing-coverts pale chestnut: whole length 6'2 
inches, wing 3*2, tail 1*8, tarsus 1*7. 

Hab. Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. (Jlype of the species.) 
32 . UJULLAKIA. 
323 
26. Grallaria andicola. 
Ilypsibamou audicola, Cab. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 318, t. iv. fig. 3. 
Grrallaiia audicola, Tacz. P. Zr S.1874, p. 581 (0. Peru): id, Orn. 
Per. ii. p. 85 ; Sol. Ibis, 1877, p. 448 (Peru). 

m Above mouse-brown; head, nape, back, and wing-coverts with 
light fulvous shaft-stripos which are more or less margined with 
black; tips of outer secondaries and of tail-feathers pale fulvous: 
beneath white ; feathers of sides of throat, breast, and belly strongly 
margined with black and slightly varied with fulvous; under wing-
coverts pale fulvous: whole length 5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1-7, 
tarsus 1*8. 

JIab. Central Peru. 

This is a very distinct spocies, showing most resemblance in 
general plumage to G. jperspicillata, but with the head strongly 
striped. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Acancocha, Peru (JelsJci). Sclater Coll. I (Authentic 
b. Ad. &k. Junin, Peru (Jelski). Warsaw Mus. ( specimens.) 
27. Grallaria Mviventris. (Plato XX.) 
Qrallaria 
fulviventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 68, 282 (Rio 
Napo); id. Cat. A. B. p. 102 • id. Ibis, 1877, p. 450 (Ecuador); 
Pek, Orn. Bras. p. 91; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 76. 

Above olive, wings and tail blackish edged with brownish olive; 
head dark cinereous ; lores white : beneath white; breast and sides 
of belly pale fulvous, with slight black striations; flanks, crissum, 
and under wing-coverts deep fulvous : whole length 5 inches, wing 
3'1, tail 1*3, tarsus 1*5. 

Hal. Eastern Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
28. Grallaria dives. 
Grallaria dives, Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 582 (Costa Rica); id. Ibis, 
1872, p. 313 (Nicaragua); Lawr, Ami. Lye. N. T. viii. p. 182 
(Nicaragua), et ix. p. 110 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J.f. 0. I860, 

p. 306 (Costa Rica) ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl p. 76 ; Scl. Ibis, 1877, 
p. 450 ; Nutting, P. TJ. S. N. M. vi. p. 406 (Nicaragua). 
Above dark cinereous, with slight blackish striations, and fine 
shaft-stripos of light fulvous on the interscapulium; wings and tail 
brown; wing-coverts and outer primaries margined with bright 
rufous; rump olivaceous, tinged with fulvous/, beneath, throat 
white, breast fulvous with black striations ; flanks, crissum, and 
under wing-coverts deep fulvous: whole length 4*7 inches, wing 
3*2, tail 1-2, tarsus 1*4. 

 FOKMICAKIIDJE. 

Eab. Nicaragua and Costa Eica. 
Nearest to G. fulviventris, but distinguishable by its slightly 
striated back, fulvous lores, and the rufous wing-edgings. 

a,b. Ad. sk. Tucurricjui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk, Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt), Salvin-Godman Coll. 

29. Grallaria macularia. 
Pitta macularia, Temm. PI Col. sub tab. 217. 
Colobathris macularia, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 217; id. in 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 685. 
Grallaria macularia, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 834; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. 

p. 50; Bp. Consp. i. p. 204; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 2S2 (Brit. 
Guiana); id Ibis, 1877, p. 449; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 9] ; Scl et 
Sato. Nomenel. p. 75; Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 374 (E. Peru); 
Sato. Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Brit. Guiana). 
Above olive-brown; cap cinereous ; lores and rim round the eye 
rufous; wings and tail brown; tips of wing-coverts and edgings of 
outer primaries rufous : beneath white, breast thickly spotted with 
black; flanks, crissum, and under wing-coverts deep fulvous; feet 
pale yellow : whole length 5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 1*3, tarsus 1*3. 
Female similar. 

Ilab. Guiana and Amazonia. 

Smaller than G. fulviventris, and with the breast-markings much 
more distinct. 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Bariica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
b, c. 
$ $ act, sk. Memine* Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Whitely). 

d. 
5 ad. sk. Memine* Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
{Whitely). 
e. $ 
ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
f. tf ad. sk. H. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 
(/. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
'k Jad.sk. Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 

i. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. 
S ad. sk. Loretoyacu, E. Peru (Haux- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
well). 
30. Grallaria ochroleuca, 
Myioturdus ochroleucus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1032; Menetr. Mem. Ac. 
So. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (Sci. Nat) i. p. 464 (1835). 

Grallaria 
ochroleuca, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 282 (S.E. Brazil); id. 
Ibis, 1877, p. 451 (Brazil) ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 91; Scl. et Salv. 
Nomenel. p. 76. 

Like G. macularia, 
but bill narrower; no spots on the wing


33 . GRALLABIOUXA. 
coverts : beneath, with spots only on the sides of the breast and belly, 
and these smaller and more rounded; rim round the eye denuded : 
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3, tail 1*5, tarsas 1*4. 

Hal. S.E. Brazil. 

I have examined one of the typical specimens of this species in 
the Ley den Museum, 

31. Grallaria perspicillata. 
Rica). 
Grallaricula perspicillata, Scl. Ibis, 1873; p. 373 (Nicaragua). 

Above olive-brown ; head cinereous ; lores and rim round the eye 
rufous; upper back and scapulars marked with narrow shaft-stripes 
of pale fulvous; wings and tail brown; apical spots on the wing-
coverts and margins of outer primaries rufous: beneath white; breast 
and flanks thickly covered with strong black striations, mixed with 
fulvous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers 
bright fulvous : whole length 4-6 inches, wing 3, tail 1*2, tarsus 
1-4. Female similar. 

Hah. Costa Rica, Yeragua, and Panama. 
The shaft-stripes on the upper back and the strongly spotted flanks 
render this species easily distinguishable. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Panama. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Panama. Sclalor Coll. 
0. 
d. 
S ad. sk. 
J ad. sk. 
Santa Fe, Veragua (Area).
Mina de Ohorcha, Ohiriqui 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad, sk. 
(Arc6). 
Southern slope of the Volcano 
of Ohiriqui (Avce). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f.
9h. 
c? ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
<$ ad. sk. 
Veragua (Arc6). 
Veragua (ArcS).
Yalza, Costa Rica (Carmiol). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

33. GRALLARICULA. _ 
Type. 
Grallaricula, 8cl P. Z, S. 1858, p. 283 G. flavirostris. 
Under this head, as the term implies, I place the smallest and 

weakest forms of Orallaria^ which in external appearance are not 
unlike Gonopophaga. Their internal structure has yet to be ascertained. 


The species assigned to this genus extend from Costa Rica over 
the northern portion of South America to Guiana and Ecuador, 

326 
FOBMICARIID-dE. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

A. 
Gap olive-brown, like the back. 
j Breast varied with blackish 1. flavirostris, p. 326. 
I Breast uniform 2. ferrugineipectus, p. 320. 
B. Cap cinereous, back olivaceous 3. nana, p. $27. 
0. 
Cap rufous. 
| Breast-featkerb edged with black . . 4. loricata, p. 327. 
) Breast uniform 5. cucullata, p. 327, 
1. Grallaricula flavirostris. 
Grallaria flavirostris, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. G8 (Eio Napo). 
Grallaricula flavirostris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 283; id. Cat A. B. 

p. 193 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 97. 
Grallaricula costaricensis, Laior. Ann. Lyc. N. T. viii. p. 346 (1866), 
et ix. p. 110 (Costa Eica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146, et 1870, 

p. 196 (Veragua); Frantz. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 306 (Costa Rica); 
JRidgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 415 (Costa Rica). 
Above olive-brown, lores and eye-region fulvous : beneath white: 
breast fulvous, slightly varied with black ; flanks, ciissum, and under 
wing-coverts fulvous; bill yellowish : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 
2-7, tail 1-1, tarsus 0-8. 

Ilah. Colombia, Ecuador, Veragua, and Costa llica. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk.
f,g. Ad.sk.
Ji. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j . <$ ad. sk.
h. (S ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. $ ad. sk. 
Baisa, Ecuador (Buckl 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bu 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Cordillera de Tole,
(Arce). 
Calovevora, Veragua ( 
Veragua (Arce). 
Buena Vista, Costaey).
ckley). 
VeraguaArcf). 
Rica 
(Type of the species.) 
Salvm-Goclman Coll. 
Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Carmiol). 

2. Grrallaricula ferrugineipectus. 
Grallaria ferrugineipectus, Sol. P. Z, S. 1857, p. 329 (Venezuela). 
Grallaricula ferrugineipectus, Scl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 284 (Venezuela) ; 
Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 76. 

Above olive-brown, lores and sides of head rufescent: beneath 
clear ferruginous, spot on the middle of the neck, middle line of 
belly, and erissum pure white ; bill blackish, white at the base; feet 
pale yellowish : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1 '2, 
tarsus 0*9. 

Hab. Venezuela. 

33 . GKALLABICUXA. 
327 

The clear ferruginous breast and flanks at onco disiinguiNh this 
species. 

a. $ ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela {Goering). Relator Coll. 
3. Grallaricula nana. 
Grallaria nana, Lafr. lie v. Zool 184:2, p. Wte (Bogota), 
Oonopophaga nana, Scl P. Z. S. 1855, p. 145 (Bogota). 
Grallaricula nana, Scl P. Z. S.1858, p. 2S4 (Bogota); *SW. et Sah. 


Komencl. p. 75 j iid P. Z, 8. 1870, p. 527 (Antioquia); Salv. IbL% 
1885, p. 430 (Brit. Guiana). 

Above olive-brown; cap and nape cinereous; lores and rim 
round the eye rufous; wings and tail brown: beneath deep ferruginous 
red, middle of belly nearly white; bill horn-colour, feet brown; 
whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*4, tarsus 1*2. Female 
similar. 

Bab. Colombia and British Guiana. 

a9 b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


g. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia {Salmon) Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. 
5 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Salmon)* 
i, 
J ad. sk. Kukenam, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Whitely). 

4. Grallaricula loricata. 
Grallaria loricata, 8cl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 129 (Venezuela). 
Grallaricula loricata, JScl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 284 (Venezuela), et 1808, 


p. 575 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S.1808, pp. 028, 030 (Venezuela); iid. 
Nomencl p. 70. 
Above olive-brown ; cap and nape deep rufous : beneath white; 
breast and sides of upper belly with the feathers strongly edged with 
black ; under wing-coverts palo fulvous; beak black, yellowish at 
side; feet pale brown : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2*6, tail 1*2, 
tarsus 1. 

Bab. Venezuela. 

a. 
(S ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll. J 
{Goering). " /• 
b. d 
ad. sk. Venezuela {Goering), Sclater Coll. J 
(Types of the species.) 
5. Grallaricula cucullata. 
Oonopophaga cucullata, Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 29, pi. 119, et 1858, 
p. 287 (Bogota); id. Cat. A. 1>\ p. 194. 
Grallaricula cucullata, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 527 (Antioquia). 
Above brownish cinereous; wings and tail brown; whole head and 

328 F0RMICARIID2E. 

throat chestnut-red: beneath pale cinereous; patch, on neck and 
middle of the belly white; under wing-coverts fulvous; bill pale 
yellow; feet pale brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2*6, tail 
l'l, tarsus 9*9. 

Hah. Colombia. 
The chestnut head and throat and clear white spot on the neck 
beneath characterize this species. 

a, Ad. sk. 
b, Ad. sk. 
c. 5 ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Santa Elena, Antioquia 
Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Salmon). 
d. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Sclater Coll. 
{Salmon). 

CONOrOPTTAdlMJ. 
32 9 

Family III. CONOPOPHAGIDiE. 

The poculiar form Conopophaga, having been shown by Johannes 
Muller to be Traeheophonine, has been usually placed with the Formicariidw, 
but sometimes with the Tyrannldce, with which it agrees 
in the structure of its " exaspidean " tarsus. Garrod first proposed 

(P. Z. S. 1877, p. 452) to make it the type of a new family, but 
without stating any definite reasons. These, however, wore fully 
explained by Forbes in 1881, who, prompted by Mr. Salvin, showed 
that Conopophaga is further distinguished from both the two above-
Sternum of Conopophaga lineata. (P. Z. S. 1881, p. 436.) 

mentioned families by having four notches in the posterior margin of 
the sternum *. This peculiarity, when taken in conjunction with 
its tarsal scutcllation and the form of its syrinx, renders it necessary 
to regard Conopopliaga and its allied form Corythojris as constituting 
one of the four primary divisions of the Traeheophonine Passeres, 
which, in the accurate words of Forbes (P. Z. S. 1881, p. 438), 
may be denned as follows :— 

Conopophagidcs. Traeheophonine Passeres with a holorhinal skull 
and four-notched sternum, an exaspidean tarsus, and a syrinx with 
no intrinsic muscles, and with the sterno-traeJieales not attached to 
the processus vocales. 

The Conophagidoe number some eleven species, which are met 
with only in South America, from Colombia to S.E. Brazil and 
Bolivia. 

Key to the Genera. 

A. 
Bill wider, stronger; tail shorter; tarsi 
thicker; hind claw thicker, more 
curved 1. OONOPOPHAGA, p. 330. 
B. 
Bill longer, more compressed; tail 
longer; tarsi thinner; hind claw 
slenderer, less curved 2. CORYTIIOPIS, p. 335. 
* Cf. Forbes, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 435. 
CONOPOPHAeiDJE. 

1. CONOPOPHAGA*. 
Type. 
Conopophaga, Vieill. Analyse, p. 39 (1816) 0. aurita. 
The species of Conopopliaya are still very imperfectly known, and 

a fuller series of these difficult forms is requisite before we can 
understand the variations of their plumages, At present I can 
make out provisionally eight or nine species, which are spread over 
the South-American continent from Colombia to Southern Brazil, 
but do not appear to be found north of Panama. 

Key to the Sjjecies. 

A. 
With a postocular stripe or pencil of white 
leathers. 
a. Throat (of male) black. 
) Smaller: breast chestnut 1. aurita, p. 830. 
{Larger: breast grey .,.. , 2. melanogastra, p. 33! 
b. Throat (of male) grey. 
a'. Head brown. 
) Wing-coverts spotted 3. peruviana, p. 331. 
j Wing-coverts uniform. 4. ardesiaca, p. 332. 

b'. Head chestnut 
5. castaneicejjs, p. 332. 

c. Throat and breast fulvous G. lineata, p. 83;j. 
d. Throat white; breast MVOUN 7. dorsalis, p. 333. 
B. Without a postocular stripe; sides of head 
black; 
cap chestnut. 
i Front chohtnut 8. melanops, p. 334. 
j Front black 9. nigrogemjs, p. 334. 

1. Conopophaga aurita. 
Fourmillier a oreilles blanches de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl 822. 
Turdus auritus, Gm. S. N. p. 827. 
Pipra leucotis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 1008. 
Conopophaga leucotis, VieilL Gal. Ois. i. p. 203, pi. 127; Menetr. 


Mem. Ac. Be. St. Petersb. ser. vi. (tici. 2sat.) i. p. o32 (183o). 

Conopophaga aurita, Bp. Consp. i. p. 203: Set. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113 
(Ecuador), et 1838, p. 285 (Cayenne) ; 'id. Cat. A. B. p. 198; Scl. 
et Sal v. Nomencl. p. 41. 

Above brown; head dark chestnut; lores and sides of head black; 
long postocular stripe white; feathers of interseapulium slightly 
edged with blackish ; wings and tail like the back: beneath, throat 
black, broad breast-band chestnut; abdomen ashy brown, growing 
whitish in the middle : bill blackish ; feet brown: whole length 
4 inches, wing 2*6, tail 1*2. 

Hab. Cayenne and Ecuador. 

* Kefer also to C. rushyi, Allen, Bull. A. M. B. H. ii. p. 96 (Bolftia). 
1 . OONOrOHTAQA. 
a. S ad. sk. Oayonno. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. South America. Salvin-Codmnn Coll. 
c $ ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll. 
2. Conopophaga melanogastra. 
Conopophaga 
melanogastra, Menetr. Mem. Ac. tit. Petersb. ser. vi. 
{tici Nat.) i. p. 537, pi. xv. fig, 2; />>. CW^;. i. p. 20;); Bnrm. 
Sij6t. Ueb. iii. p. 53; ticl. P. Z. ti. 1K38, p. 285 (Brazil); iWa. 
On/. 7J>V«*. p. 92 ; /SW. et tialv. Xomenel p. 41. 

Above chestnut-red; head black; postocular stripe white: beneath 
black, lower belly and crissum grey : whole length fro inches, 
wing 2-9, tail 1-5. Female similar, but head brown; postocular 
stripe greyish white : body beneath light grey, sides and crissum 
darker. 

Hah. Interior of Brazil. 

The large size and chestnut back render this fine species unmis


takable. 

a. J ad. sk. Borba, Brazil (NaMerer). Sclater Coll. 
3. Conopophaga peruviana. 
Conopophaga peruviana, Des Mnrst Voy. Casteln., Ois. p. 50, pi. 1G. 
iig. 1; ticL P. Z. ti. 1858, p. QS (Ecuador) et p. 26ti (Peru); id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 193 ; JScL et tialv. P. Z. ti. 187:J, p. 277 (E. Peru); iid. 
NomencL p. 41; Pacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 90. 
Conopophaga torrida, ticl. P. Z. ti. 1858, p. 08 (Ecuador) et p. 285 
(Peru) ; id, Cat. A. B. p. 193 ; ticl. et tialv. NomencL p. 41; Tacz. 
Orn. PCr. ii. p. 89. 

Above cinereous; back of head, wings, and tail brown; large 
white tuft behind the eye white; feathers of back brownish, slightly 
margined with blackish; wing-coverts and outer secondaries with 
slight . apical spots of pale fulvous: beneath pale grey, whitish 
on the throat and middle of the belly; lower belly, flanks, and 
crissum fulvous-brown; bill horn-colour; feet pale brown: whole 
length 4 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1-3. Female. Above similar, but 
generally more brownish: beneath, breast dark ferruginous red, 
throat and belly paler. 


Hah. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador. 
I am now of opinion that my C. torrida is probably the female of 
the present species. 


a. 
$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru (llaux- Gould Coll. 
well). 
b. <$ ad. sk. Cliamicuros, Peru (B art lett). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. d ? ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru (Bartlett). E. Bartlett [0.]. 
e,f. 
<$ ad.;//. $ Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Goclman Coll. 
ad. sk. 

h. (S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sclater Coll. 
i, 
$ ad. sk. Kio Napo, Ecuador. ' Sclater Coll. 
(Type of C. torrida.) 

j. 
Jr. sk. Rio Napo; Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
33 2 COKOPOPHAGIDiE. 

4. Conopophaga ardesiaca. 
Conopopliaga ardesiaca, Lafr. et cCOrb, 8yn. Av. i. p. 13 (Bolivia) ; 
WOrb. Votj., Ois, p. 188; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 286; id. Cat. 

A. B. p. 193; Bp. Consp. i. p. 203; 3d. et 8alv. Nomend p. 41; 
iid. P. Z. 3. 1879, p. 625 (Bolivia). 
Above olive-brown; front and sides of head cinereous; pencil of 
feathers behind the eyes white; wings and tail uniform brown: 
beneath dark cinereous, paler in the middle of the belly ; flanks and 
crissum brownish; bill above dark, yellowish at the base; feet 
brown; whole length 5 inches, wing 2S, tail 1*8, tarsus 1*2. Female 
similar, but more brownish above ; front and sides of head 
rufous, and rather paler beneath. 

Hal. Bolivia and Ecuador. 

Apparently distinct from Conopopliaga peruviana in having no 
spots on the wing-coverts and a different tint on the upper plumage. 
I believe specimen a to be one of d'Orbigny's original examples. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. <$ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
d. 2 ad. sk.
(Buckley), 
Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 

5. Conopophaga castaneiceps. 
Conopopliaga ardesiaca, Tsck F. P.,Aves, p. 179; 3d. F. Z. S. 1855, 
p. 145 (Bogota); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 531 (Centr. Peru), et 1882. 
p. 34 (N.E. Peru). 
Conopopliaga caataneiceps, 3d. P. Z. 3.1857, p. 47 (Bogota), et 1858, 
p. 286; id. Cat. A. B. p. 193; 3d. et 8alv. Nomend. p. 41; Tacz. 
Om. Per. ii. p.88(c?). 
Conopopliaga gutturalis, 3d. P. Z. 3. 1868, p. 574 (Bogota); 3d, et 
Salv. Nomend. p. 41 (J). 

Above olivaceous brown, with slight blackish freckling on the 
interscapulium; cap chestnut-red, brighter on the front; sides of 
head blackish; a white pencil of feathers behind the eye: beneath 
dark blackish grey, rather paler on the middle of the" belly, and 
brownish on the flanks and crissum : whole length 4-4 inches, wing 
2*8, tail 1*8, tarsus 1*1. Female. Above similar : beneath with the 
throat and breast chestnut-brown like the head, paler, nearly white, 
in the middle of the throat. 

Hob. Peru and Colombia. 
Apparently distinguishable from the two preceding species by its 
chestnut head. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of C. castaneiceps.) 
b. ? ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
(Type of C. gutturalis.) 
c. <$ ad. sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. c? ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
e. <J ad. sk, Peru (Tschudi). Sclater Coll, 
1 . CONOrOKIAGA. 
333 

0. Conopophaga lineata. 
Myiagrus lineatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1040. 
Couopopliaga vulgaris, Menetr. Mem. Ac. Sei. St. Pefersb. hdr. vi. 
(Sci. Mat.) i. p. 534, pi. 14. fig. 1. 

Conopophaga lineata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pi. i. p. 215 ; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 203 ; Barm. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 52; Selater, P. Z S. 
1858, p. 285 (S.E. Brazil) \ id. Cat. A. B. p. 193; Cab. ct Ileia. 
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 8; Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 02; Set. et Salr. Nomencl. 

p. 41; Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 85 (Brazil); Forbes, P, Z. S. 1881, 
pp. 430, 437; id. Ibis, 1881, p. 345 (N.E. Brazil); Salv. Cat. 
Strickl. Coll. p. 353. 
Above uniform brown; lores and superciliaries cinereous, passing 
into a pure white postocular pencil of elongated feathers: beneath 
rufous; slight guttural spot, middle of belly, and under wing-
coverts white ; bill above plumbeous, beneath yellowish; feet pale 
hazel: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 1*7. Female similar, 
but paler. 

Hah S.E. Brazil. 
The plain brown plumage above and the prominent white ear-
tuft render this species easily recognizable. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. J ad. sk. 
Bio de Janeiro (Toads). 
Rio de Janeiro. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. S ad.; e,f. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5 ad. sk. Sul (Joyner). 
q. tf ad. sk.
A. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
S.E. Brazil. 
S.E. Brazil. 
S. E. Brazil. 
Sclater Coll. 
M. Claussen [P.]. 
Purchased. 
;. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Biocour Coll. 

7. Conopophaga dorsalis. 
Conopophaga dorsalis, MSnStr. Mem. Ac. Imp. Set. St. Petersb. bur. vi. 
(Sci. Nat.) I p. 533, pi. 14. %. 2 (1835); Bp. Consp., I p. 203; 
Bnrm. Syst. Ueb, iii. p. 53; Set, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 41. 

Above olivaceous brown, with slight blackish freckles on the 
interscapulium : cap slightly cinereous; lores, superciliaries, and 
postocular stripe white; wing-coverts, outer secondaries, and rectrices 
with slight apical spots of pale fulvous: beneath, throat and 
middle of belly pure white; breast and flanks bright ochraceous ; 
under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet brown: whole length 
4 inches, wing 2*5, tail I'l, tarsus 1. Female similar, but cap 
rufous and postocular stripe not so distinct. 

Hab. S.E. Brazil. 

This bird has been regarded by many authors as the female form 
of the two following species; and such may be the case, though, at 
present, I am inclined to the contrary view. 

334 CONOPOPHAGID.aE. 
a, b. Ad. &t. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
c. Ad, sk.
d, e. Ad. sk. 
Bakia (Wveherer). 
Baliia ( Wuchercr). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
f. 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
g. Ad. bk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 

8. Conopopliaga melanops. 
PlatyrhyncliUb melanops, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxui. p. 14; id. Enc. 

Mefh. p. 837; Fitch. Arch. Mas. Par. vii. p. 350. 
Myiotliera perspicillata, Llcht. iJoubl p. 43. 
Conopopliaga pei'bpicillata, Cab. IViegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 213; 

Bp. Comp. i. p. 203; Burm. Syd. Ueb. iii. p, 54. 

Conopopliaga melanops, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 280 (S.E. Brazil); 
id. Cat. A. B. p. 194; Gab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 8; Pet. 
Oru. Bras. p. 92; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 41; Cab. J. f. 0. 
1874, p. 85 (Brazil); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 435. 

Conopopliaga ruficeps, Sio. Orn. Dr. pi. 67 (d1); id. Nat. Libr. x. 

p. 155, pi. xvi. 
Above olive-brown, with black frecklings in the middle of the 
back; cap chestnut; broad front and whole sides of head black : 
beneath grey; throat, middle of belly, and under wing-coverts 
white; flanks and crissum brownish; bill black; feet brown : 
whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1-2, tarsus 1. Female 
similar (?). 

JIab. S.E. Brazil, vicinity of Bahia. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
b, c. (S ad. sk. Baliia ( Witchew). Sclater Coll. 
d, e. Ad. ,sk. Baliia ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.]. 
9. Conopopliaga nigrigenys. 
Conopopliaga nigrogenys, Le^s. Tr. d'Orn. p. 393; Me/ietr. Mem. 

Acad. St. Pefenb. ber. \i. (Sci. Nat.) i. i. p. o'<>6, pi. 15. fig. 1. 
Myioturdus perspicillatus. Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1042. 
Conopopliaga maximiliani, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein, ii. p. 8 ; Pet. 

Om. Bras. p. 92; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 41. 

Similar to C. melanops, but without the black front, the chestnut 

of the cap extending to the bill. 
Hob. S.E. Brazil, from Rio southwards. 
I am very doubtful whether this form is entitled to be regarded 

as distinct from the preceding. 

a. S ad. sk. Rio (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Rio. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. 2 acl.sk. Sao Paulo (Jotyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
Ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sul (Joyner). 
e. $ ad. sk. Rio Grande {Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2, CORYTHOPIS.

 333 

2. CORYTHOPIS*. 
Typo. 
Corythopis,timid.IC Vct.-Ak. HandL 18**35, p. 0*3 (h\3(>), 0. ealearatn. 

This form is probably a near ally of Conojtojrfutga, although 
anatomical investigation has not yet established the fact. It is distinguished 
by its thin and somewhat straight on ed hind claw and 
Pipit-like plumage. The two or three local forms vary but slightly. 
Thoy extend from Guiana to Brazil and Bolivia. 

Key to the 8j>ccies. 

A. Larger: 
more olivaceous above; black pectoral 
patch broader 1. calcarata, p. o-'Jo, 
13. Smaller: more brownish above; black pectoral 
patch narrower 2. anthouLh, p. &$o. 
1. Corythopis calcarata. 
Myiothera calcarata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1101. 

Muscicapa delalandi, Less. Tr. cVGni. p, 392. 

Corythopis calcarata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 213j Bj). 

Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 203; Burm. tiyst. Ueb. iii. p. 38; Sclater, 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 287 (S.E. Brazil); id. Cat A. B. p. 194; Peh. 
Om. Bras. p. 92 ; Cab. et Hein. Mies. Ilein. ii. p. 8; Scl. et Salu. 
P. Z. S. 1807, p. 594 (Brazil) ; iid. Komencl. p. 41; Cab. J. /. 0. 
1874, p. 85 (Brazil). 
Above olivaceous brown, wings and tail browner; lores whitish : 
beneath white, broad pectoral patch and striations below it black; 
flanks slightly greenish; bill above horn-colour, beneath pale yellowish; 
feet pale brown : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*(>, tail 2, 
tarsus 0-9. Female similar, 

Ilab. S.E. Brazil. 

a. b $ 2 ftd. sk. Ohapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(II. II Smith). 
c, (1. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
2. Corythopis antlioides. 
Muscicapa antlioides. Cud. in Mus. Par.; Pitch. Arch. Mas. Par. 
vii. p. 334 (1855). 
Corythopis antlioides, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 288 (Cayenne); id. 
* Eefer also to :— 
CORYTHOPIS NIGROCINCTA. 

Conopophaga nigrocincta, d,Orb. et Lafr. Stpi. Av. i. p. J3; d'Orb. Vog.t 

Ois. p. 187, t. vi.fig. 2. 

Corythopis nigrocincta, Scl. et Satv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 626 (Bolivia). 

Eab. Bolivia. 
I only know this bird from the description andfiguro of d'Orbigny. II is 
probably not different from C. anthoides. 


CONOPOPHAGIDiE. 

Cat. A. B. p. 194; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 577, 594, et 
1873, p. 277 (L. Amazons) j iid. Nomencl. p. 41; Toes. P. £. & 
1882, p. 34 (N.E. Peru); Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 92; Salv. Cat. Stricld. 
Coll p. 354. 

(Jorytliopis humivagans, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 136, 531 (Centr. 

Peru). 
Corytliopis antlioides humivagans, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 91. 
Corytliopis torquata, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. J 844, pt. i. p. 279; id. 

Faun. Per., Aves, p. 177. 

Similar to C. calcarata, but smaller; darker and more brownish 
above, and of a clearer white beneath; pectoral patch not so wide. 
Hah. Guiana and Amazonia. 

a. $ ad. sir. Surinam (C. Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Cayenne. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. $ ad. &k. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

d. 
J ad. sk. R. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman CoU. 
(Whitely). 
e. <$ ad.; / . Takutu R., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c? jr. sk. (Whitely). » 
g, h. d 2 a(^ Merurne* Mts.^ tBrit." Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. (Whitelf). 

i. $ ad.sk pamacttsa, Brit.Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j. $ ad. &k» Uamacusa, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I, m. J ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. (S ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.]. 
o. (S ad. sk. Iluambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
%y. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
pTHROPTOOrirD.*. 
S3? 

Family IV. FTEROPTOCHIDiE*. 

The peculiar and limited group which, after its oldest established 
genus, is now generally denominated Pteroptochidw, forms a small 
but well-marked family of Tracheophonine Passercs, mostly restricted 
to Chili and tho south-western portions of the South-American 
continent, but also represented in the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and 
Colombia, and in the higher elevations of Brazil. They are ground-
birds, remarkable externally for their large and robust feet, with 
long claws, and their strangely formed bills, in which the nostrils 
are more or less covered by a membrane; and internally for tho 
singular form of the syrinx and the double-notched sternum. They 
are Wren-like in general appearance, and carry tho tail in a a 
elevated position. 

Key to the Genera, 

A. 
Mesorhinium compressed, rounded, elongated. 
a. Bill thin, subulate. 
a\ Tail short; loral plumes short ... . 1. SCYTALOPTTS, p. 337. 
V. Tail long; loral plumes elongated.. 2. MERULAXIS, p. 343. 
b. Bill strong, thick, 
c\ Tarsal scales obsolete j culmen 
straight 3. LIOSCELES, p. 344. 
d\ Tarsal scutes divided; culmen 
incurved. 
a". Hinder claw short. 

i Bill longer 
4. PTEEOPTOCHUS, p. 345. 

j Bill shorter 
6. RHINOCRYPTA, p. 347. 

b". Hinder claw long, incurved ... . 6. HYLACTES, p. 348. 

B. 
Mesorhinium expanded into an oval 
shield. 
c. Hinder claw long, straight, sharp 7. ACROPTERNIS, p. 350. 
d. Hinder claw moderate, curved , 8. TBIPTORHINUS, p. 351. 
1. SCYTALOPUS 1\ 
Type. 
Scytalopus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 89 S. magellanicus. 
Sylviaxis, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 274 S. magellanicus. 
Agathopus, ScL P. Z. S. 1858, p. 00 S. analis. 

* See my paper on this family, Ibis, 1874, p. 189. 
t Refer also to:— 
(1) Sylviaxis guitatus, Less. Bev. Zool. 1840, p. 274. 
(2) Scytalopus femoralis, Tseh. Faun. Per., Av. p. 182. 
(3) S. acutirostris, Tseh. op. cit. p. 183. 
(4) & bolivtanus, Allen, Bull. A. M. N. H. ii. p. 98 (Bolivia). 
VOL. XV. z 
PTTTROP ronniuj. 

The range of the genus Scytalopus, which embraces the smallest 
and most Wren-like of the Pteroptochidep, extends from the Andes 
of Venezuela and Colombia, through the highlands of Ecuador, Peru, 
and Bolivia to Chili and the Magellan Straits, where it descends to 
the sea-level. The form also occurs in the interior of S.E. Brazil. 

Much more is required to be known of this difficult group, which 
is very imperfectly represented in European collections, before the 
species can bo considered to be accurately determined and the variations 
of the sexes and ages understood. At present I am able to 
roeognize provisionally nine species. 

As regards the nesting of Scytalopus, see Mr. Salmon's notes, 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 528. 
Key to the Species, 

A Bill weaker; feet not so strong. 

a. Upper surface nearly uniform. 
a!. Smaller, 
a". Breast dark plumbeous, as body above. 1. magellaniens, p. 338. 
b". Breast light cinereous 2. spelitmce, p. 339. 

b', Larger. 
c". Wholly cinereous 3. senilis, p. 340. 
d". Belly with obsolete cross bars 4. obscuru*, p. 340. 

b. Rump rufous. 
c'. Flanks rufous 5. griseicollis, p. 340. 
d'. Flanks rufous, with black cross bars. 
J Throat and breast slaty 6. syluestris, p. 341. 
< Throat and breast white 7. indigoticus, p. 341. 
f Throat white; breast grey 8. superciliaris, p. 342. 

B. Bill larger; feet stronger 9. analis, p. 342. 
1. Scytalopus magellanicus. 
Magellanic "Warbler, Lath, Syn. ii. p. 464. 
Motacilla magellanica, Gm. 8. JSf. i. p. 979 (1788). 
Sylvia magellanica, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 528. 
Scytalopus magellanicus, Dariv, Zool. Voy. l Beagle] iii. p. 74; Gay, 


Faun. Chili, i. p. 307; Bridges, P. Z. S. 1843, p. Il l (Chili); 
Scl P.Z. S. I860, p. 385 (Falkland I.), et 1867, pp. 325, 338 
(Chili); id. Ibis, 1874, p. 193 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 187 (Str. 
of Magellan); iid. Nbmencl. p. 76; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 433 (Porto 
Bueno), et 1879, p. 528 (Antioquia) ; Cab. et Reich. J. f. O. 1876, 

p. 323 (Str. of Magellan) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru) ; 
Perl et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 303, et 1885, p. 102 (Ecuador). 
Scytalopus fuscus, Gould, P. Z. S.1836, p. 89 (Chili); Jard. et Selby, 

111. Orn. n. s. pi. 19; Bridges, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 94 (Chili); Bonap. 
Consp.l p. 206; Jardine, Contr. Orn. 1853, p. 116, pL 77; Scl 
Cat. A. B. p. 168. 
Platyurus niger, 8w. An. in Menag. p. 323; Pucker. Voy. an Pole 

Sud, Zool iii. p. 91, Atl. pi. 39. fig. 5. 
Scytalopus niger, Bp. Consp. i. p. 206. 
Pteroptochus albifrons, Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1857, p. 273: Allen. 

Bull A. M. N. H. ii. p. 99. 
Scytalopus albifrons, Phil An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 255. 


1. 
SOTTALOFOS. :$9 
Nearly uniform plumbeous black; wings and tail rath or browner; 
feathers of vertex sometimes slightly edged with silvery grey; bill 
black ; feet brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2* 1, tail 1 '<3. 
Female similar, but browner, and with obsolete brownish cross bars 
on the rump, flanks, and lower belly. Young. More brownish and 
more or less distinctly barred on the back. 

Hah. Patagonia, Chili, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 

^ It is quite possible that the birds with the crown edged with 
silvery grey may belong to a different species (p. alhifrom). It is 
certainly curious that none of the more northern birds show any 
traces of this colour, which only occurs in certain specimens from 
Chili. But other Chilian and Patagonian skins are quite unclistinguishable 
from the northern bird, and show no traces of white 
on the head.» 

a}b.$ $ ad.sk. Porto Bueno, Straits of Magellan. Chalk Expedition. 

c. $ ad. sk. Isthmus Harbour, Straits of Chall, Expedition. 
Magellan. 
d, e. Jr. sk. Straits of Magellan. SirU.Murchison[P.j. 
/, <7, h. Jr. sk. Straits of Magellan, The Admiralty [P.j. 

i. Ad. sk. Hermit Island, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.). 
J, k. 
Jr. sk. Hermit Island, Patagonia. The Admiralty [P.l. 
/. Jr. sk. Port Famine, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.]. 


m. Jr. sk. Falkland Islands. C. Darwin [0.]. 
n. $ ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili (Landbeck). Sclater Coll. 
o. $ ad. sk. Valdivia, Chili (Landbeck). Sclater Coll. 
p. 
$ ad.; q. Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
S jr. sk. 
r} s. c? ad.; Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t% ad.sk. 
u, v. $ $ ad. sk. Chili (Meed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

w. d ad. sk. Chili. 
Sclater Coll. 
x. 
S ad. sk. Cutervo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s, a'. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
b\ (S ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. J ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon), Sclater Coll. 
d'. S ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon), Sclater Coll. 
e'. Jr. sk. Colombia (Salmon)* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/' . <J ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2. Scytalopus speluncse. 
Malacorhynchus speluncae, MSn4tr. M4m. Ac. Sc. St. Pefer^b. ser. vi. 
(Sci. Nat.) i. p. 527, pi. 13.fig. 1; Lafr. Confr. Orn. 1851, p. US. 
Scytalopus speluncae, ScL Ibis, 1874, p. 193 (Brazil;. 

Above bluish mouse-brown: beneath paler; throat, neck, and 
breast light cinereous; wings and tail brownish black: whole 
length 4*5 inches, tail 2 (Menetries). 

Eab. S. Brazil, prov. Minas. 

z2 

PTER0PT0CHTD33. 

3. Scytalopus senilis. 
Merulaxis 
senilis, Zafr. Pev. Zool. 1840, p. 103; id. Contr. Orn. 
1851, p. 149. 
Scytalopus senilis, Sc7. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142 (Bogota) ; id. Ibis, 1874, 

p. 194 (Colombia). 
Nearly uniform dark ashy grey, rather paler beneath; bill and 
feet brown; tail more lengthened than in 8. vnagellanicus : whole 
length 5 inches, wing 2%2, tail 2*4. Female or young. Paler, especially 
on the breast, and feathers of back, wings, rump, flanks, and 
lower belly edged with brownish. 

Hal. Colombia. 
a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad.; c. Jr. sk. 
d. Ad.; e. Jr. sk. 
/ . Ad.; g. Jr. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jardine Coll. 

4. Scytalopus obscurus. 
Sylvia obscura, King, Zool Journ. iii. p. 429 (1828). 

Scytalopus obscurus, Gay, Faun. Chil. i. p. 308 (1847); Phil, An. 

Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 255 ,• Scl. Ibis, 1874, p. 194 (Chili). 

Merulaxis fuscoides, Zafr. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 149. 

Scytalopus fuscoides, Scl. P. Z. S. 18G7, p. 325 (Chili) ; Scl. et Salv. 

Nomencl. p. 76. 

Nearly uniform cinereous; rump, flanks, and lower belly brownish, 
crossed by narrow black cross bars; bill horn-colour; feet yellow: 
whole length 5 inches, wing 2, tail 1*6. 

Hal. Chili. 

This species is easily distinguishable from S. magellanicus by its 
larger size, more cinereous colour, longer tail, and the faint bars 
across the rump and lower belly. Its vernacular name in Chili is 
" Chercan," according to Philippi and Landbeck, whereas 8. magellanicus 
is called " Chercan negro." 

a, b. $ ? ad. sk. Santiago, Chili {Zandbech). Sclater Coll. 

5. Scytalopus griseicollis. 
Merulaxis griseicollis, Zafr. Pev. Zool. 1840, p. 103: id. Contr. Orn. 
1851, p. 149. 
Scytalopus griseicollis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. Il l (Ecuador), et 1855, 

p. 142 (Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. 168; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 195 
(Colombia) j Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 76; iid. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 235 
(Venezuela). 
Megalonyx nanus, Zess. Mev. Zool. 1842, p. 135 (?). 
Merulaxis squamiger, Zafr. Pev. Zool. 1840, p. 103; id. Contr. Orn. 
1851, p. 150 (?). 
Scytalopus squamiger, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142 (Bogota). 

Above cinereous; back, wings, and tail brownish ; rump passing 
into light rufous: beneath paler cinereous, more whitish in the 
middle; flanks and crissum pale rufous like the rump; bill horn


1. SCYTALOPUS. 341 
colour; feet pale brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*7. 
Female (apparently) similar. Young. Above rusty brown, with 
numerous narrow undulated black cross bands : beneath paler, 
similarly banded, but bands obsolete on throat and chest. 

Bab. Highlands of Colombia and Venezuela. 

a, b. Ad.; c, d. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Jr. sk. 
e. Ad.; / , g} h,
Jr. sk. 
Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i, j , k. Ad.; /,
?n, n. Jr. sk. 
Bogota. Purchased. 
o. <$ ad. sk. Sierra Nevada, Merida, Sclater Coll. 
Venezuela (Goering). 
p. $ ad. sk. Sierra Nevada, Merida, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Venezuela {Goering). 

6. Scytalopus sylvestris. 
Scy 'talopus sylvestris, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 138, 531 (C. Peru); 
ud. Orn. Pir. i. p. 531; ScL Ibis, 1S7±, p. 195 (C. Peru); Sol. et 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 626 (Bolivia) 

Above dark grey ; rump, wings, and tail brownish ; outer secondaries 
and rump crossed by numerous black bars: beneath rather 
lighter; flanks and crissum brown, with narrow black cross bars; 
bill horn-colour; feet light brown: whole length 4*5 inches, 
wing 2-1, tail 1*3, 

Bab. Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia. 

The Bolivian specimen of this species is not very satisfactory, and 
may be only a young example of Scytalopus analis. It has, however, 
been examined and recognized by Taczanowski, 

a. Ad. sk. Yungas, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7. Scytalopus indigoticus. 
Myiothera indigotica, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1091. 
Malacorhynchus indigoticus, MinUr. Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Pttersb, s&. vi. 
{Sci. Nat.) i. p. 529. 

Scytalopus indigoticus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 200; Cab. et Hem. Mm. 
Bein. ii. p. 20; ScL Cat A. B. p. 168; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 195 
(Brazil); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 46; ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 76. 
Malacorhynchus albiventris, MStiStr. Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Petenb. ser. vi. 

(Sci. JSrat) i. p. 525, pi. 13.fig. 2 (1835). 
Scytalopus albogularis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 90 (Brazil). 
Scytalopus albiventris, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 118, pi. 76. fig. 2. 
Scytalopus undulatus, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn. n. s. sub tabb. xix. et 

xx.; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 117, pi. 76. fig. 1. 

Above dark plumbeous; feathers of lower back and rump very 
dense and lengthened, and broadly tipped with rufous: beneath, 
throat, breast, and middle of belly pure white; sides of neck and 

PTEKOPTOCHIDiE. 

of breast plumbeous, as body above; flanks and crissum rufous, 
with narrow black cross bars : bill horn-colour, beneath yellowish ; 
feet pale brown: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1-2. 
Female similar. Young. Rufous, barred more or less above and 
beneath with narrow black cross bars ; throat and breast with a 
plumbeous tinge. 

IJab. S.E. Brazil. 

The white throat and breast at once distinguish this species. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
b, c, d. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased. 
e,f. Ad.; g. Jr. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
A.'Ad.; i. Jr.sk. S.E.Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
j , h. Ad.; I. Jr. bk. S.E. Brazil. Jardine Coll. 

8. Scytalopus superciliaris. 
Scytalopus sttperciliaris, Cab. J. f. 0. 1888, p. 105, t. ii. fig. 2 (Tucuman) 
* ScL et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 205. 

Nearest to $. indigotieus, but without the white on the breast 
and belly, only the throat being clear white; superciliaries striped 
with white : front, sides of the head and neck, breast, and belly 
grey; rest of upper surface, together with flanks and crissum, light 
brown, with fine blackish cross markings; bill blackish ; feet lightcoloured. 
(Cabcmis.) 

Bab. Sierra of Tucuman, rep. Argent. 

9. Scytalopus analis. 
Merulaxis analis, Lafr. JRev. Zool. 1840. p. 104; id. Contr. Or?i. 1851 
p. 149. 
Scytalopus analis, Set. et Salv. Kome?zcl. p. 76; Scl. Ibis, 1874, p. 190. 
Agathopus nucropterus, ScI. P, Z. S. 1858, p. 69 (Ecuador) • id. Cat. 
A. B. p. 168. 
Scytalopus micropterus, Tacz. et Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. 102 (Ecuador) 
Above dull black• wings and tail rather brownish ; lower back 
with the feathers long, thick, and loose, reddish brown with slight 
blackish snbapical cross bars : beneath dark ashy blackish ; flanks 
and lower belly rufous, with black cross bands; bill black; feet 
dark brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2. 

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador. 

This species is rather divergent in structure from its fellows, 
having a stronger bill, longer and thicker tarsi, and a longer hind 
toe and claw. "When I first obtained specimens of it in one of 
Verreanx's Napo collections, I proposed to refer it to a new genus 
and species—Agathopus micropterus. On receiving subsequently a 
specimen from Bogota, I was induced to identify it as being probably 
the Merulaocis analis of Lafresnaye, although he gives as locality 
u Paraguay and Chili." I have also examined a "Bogota " skin of 
this species in Mr. G. 1ST. Lawrence's collection. 

2. MEKULAXIS. 343 
a. Ad.sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. ak. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
(Types of A. mioropterw.) 
(I Ad. sk. Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

2. MERULAXIS. 
Typo. 
Merulaxis, Lesson, Cent. Zool. p. 88 (1830) M. rhinolophus. 
Malacorhynchus, Mtne'tr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 
ser. vi. (Sai. Nat.) t. i. p. 522 (1835) M. rhinolophus. 
Platyurus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 319 (1837) M. rhinolophus. 
Sarochalinus, Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 220 M. rhinolophus. 

Head of Merulaxis rhinolophus. 

This peculiar Brazilian monotype is at once recognizable from 
Scytalopus by the compressed and elevated mesorhinium, the long 
outstanding loral plumes, and the long rounded tail, which is composed 
of six much graduated pairs of rectrices. The wings are 
short and rounded; the tarsi are long, and have the divisions of 
the scutes clearly indicated. 

1. Merulaxis rhinolophus. 
Myiothera rhinolopha, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 1051 (1831). 
Sarochalinus rhinolophus, Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 220. 
Scytalopus rhinolophus, Barm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 02. 
Merulaxis rhinolophus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 169; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 197 


(Brazil) ; SoL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 76. 
Merulaxis ntev,Less. Cent. Zool. p. 88, pi. 30; Lafr. Contr. Orn. 1851, 

p. 146. 
Sarochalinus ater, Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 220. 
Scytalopus ater, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 01. 
Platyurus corniculatus, Sw. B. Brazil, pis. 55, 56. 
Malacorhynchus cristatellus, M&nMr. Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. 
se>. vi. (Set, Nat.) i. p 523, pi. 12 (1835). 

Above bluish plumbeous; lower back olive-brown ; wings dark 
brown with a rufous wash; tail blackish, with numerous narrow 
obsolete cross bars of lighter colour: beneath bluish plumbeous as 
above down to the middle of the belly ; flanks and rest of belly 
olive-brown : bill above horn-colour, beneath yellowish; feet reddish 
brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 2*6, tail 3*5. Female. 
Olivaceous brown; throat, breast, and middle of belly rich cinnamomeous 
brown. 

Hub. S.E. Brazil. 

344 FTEROPTOCHIDJE. 
a. § ad. sk. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
b, o. cJ $ ad.; d. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
3 jr. sk. 
«• c? jr.; / . $ S.I}. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 

3. LIOSCELES. Typ e 
Liosceles, ScL P. Z. S. 1864, p. 010 L. thoracicus. 
I formerly referred this curious form, which was one of batterer's 
numerous discoveries in the Madeira district, to Pteroptochus. But 

Head of Liosceles thoracicus. 

the shorter and perfectly smooth tarsi and straigbter bill with 
ascending gonys fully justify its generic isolation. 

Key to the Species. 

A. 
Smaller: head brown; breast-band red and 
yellow 1. thoracicus, p. 344. 
B. Larger: head blackish ; breast-band red 2. erithacvs, p. 345. 
1. Liosceles thoracicus. 
Pteroptochus. 
thoracicus, ScL P. Z. S. 1864, p. GOD, pi. xxxviii. (Bio 
Madeira) ; Pelz. O-rn. Bras. p. 46. 
Liosceles thoracicus, ScL et Salv. Nomencl, p. 76 ; ScL Ibis, 1874, 

p. 200. 
Above fulvous-brown, rather brighter on lower back ; rump with 
obsolete black cross bands; lores, superciliaries, and ear-coverts 
white mixed with blackish; wings and tail brown; wing-coverts 
with slight white shaft-spots which are margined with black: 
beneath from chin to middle of belly white ; breast tinged with 
pale yellow and crossed by an irregular band of orange-red; sides 
of belly, crissum, and flanks thickly covered with black concentric 
cross bands which are terminated with fulvous ; bill above black, 
beneath white j feet brown : whole length 6*3 inches, wing 2*9, tail 3. 

Hab. Bio Madeira. 

4. PTBROProoars. 
345 

This bird in general colours approaches Ptero^toclms alblcoUk 
of Chili, but is readily known by the pure white breast and mid-belly 
and the curious pectoral spot. It is also considerably inferior in size. 
The bill is short and straight, the culmen being straight nearly to 
the extremity, and the gonys curved upwards rather rapidly towards 
the point. It is compressed much as in P. albkollis. The tarsi are 
rather shorter and by no means so strong as in P. albieollis, and 
their anterior surface is nearly smooth, the divisions of the scutella 
being almost obsolete and nearly imperceptible. The claws are short 
and curved. The wings are short and rounded, the fifth, sixth, 
seventh, eighth, and ninth primaries being nearly equal and longest. 

a, $ ad. sk. Salio do Giiuo, Rio Madeira (Natterer. Sclater Coll. 
5.10.29). 

2. Liosceles erithacus. 
Similar to L. thoracicus, but rather larger, head much darker, 
breast white without any yellow tinge, with an irregular collar of 
pale orange-red : whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3, tail 3' 1. Female 
similar. 

Hab. Western Ecuador. 

a, b. <$ ad.; c. £ Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman ) 
ad.; d. Jr. sk. Coll. [ 

e. $ 
ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. j 
(Types of the species.) 
4. PTEROPTOCHUS. 
Pteroptochos, Kittlitz, Mem. pris. Ac. Sc. St Petersb. 
1831, p. 178 P. rubecula. 

This peculiar genus contains two well-marked species, both restricted 
to Chili. It is characterized by the straight bill, in which 
the nostrils open at the base by a narrow slit only, being covered 
With a horny operculum, by the long slender tarsi, and by the short 
wings. The tail is of moderate length. 

Key to the Sjoecies. 

A. Breast bright rufous; lores bristled 1. rubecula, p. 345. 
B. Breast dirty white j lores smooth 2. albicollis, p. 346. 
1. Pteroptoclms rubecula. 
Pteroptochus rubecula, Kiitl Mim. prts. Acad. Sc. St. PStersb 1831, 

p. 170, pi. ii.; Pp. Consp. i. p. 205; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii, 
v>[ 20; Gay, Faun. Chil. i. p. 304; Phil An. Univ. Chil. xxxL 
p. 255; Set Cat. A. B. p. 109 ; id. P. Z. S, 1867, p. 325 (Chili) 5 
id. Ibis, 1874, p. 201 (Chili); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 76. 
PTEKOPIOCILIDJE. 

346 

Megalonyx nubecula, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 16. 

Leptonyx rubecula, <VOrh. Voy., Ois. p. 196. 

Megalonyx nifogularis, cVOrb. op. cit. pi. vii. fig. 3. 

Above mouse-brown ; wings and tail somewhat rufescent ; lores 
and suporciliaries light rufous: beneath, chin, throat, and breast 
bright rufous; abdomen plumbeous, with numerous irregular black 
cross bands which have whitish interspaces ; flanks and crissum 
fulvous ; bill blackish ; legs brown : whole length (5'5 inches, wing 
2-9, tail 2*7. Female similar, but smaller. 
Hob. Southern Chili. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
b. Jr. sk. Chili (Philippi). Sclater Coll. 
c. dc? 5 ad. sk.
e, f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Chili {Leybold). 
Chili {Reed). 
Chili. 
Chili, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
C. Darwin [P.]. 
Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk. Chili {Capt. King). Eyton Coll. 

2. Pteroptoclras albicollis. 
Pteroptochus albicollis, Kittl. Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 1831, 
p. 180, pi. iii.; Darwin, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle? iii. p. 72; Bridges, 
P.Z.S. 1843, p. Il l (Chili); Gay, Faun. Chil I p. 303; Bp. 
Consp. I p. 205; Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 21; Burm. J.f. 0. 
I860, p. 251 (La Plata); id. La Plata-Reise, ii. p. 471; Scl. Cat. 
A. B. p. 109; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 325 (Chili) ; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 201 
(Chili); Phil. An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 254; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. 
p. 76; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 510, et 1877, p. 451; Sharpe. 
P.Z.S. Ifc81, p. 8 (Chili); Forbes, P.Z.S. 1881, p. 436; Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 425 (Chili); Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 207. 
Megalonyx albicollis, dVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 15. 
Leptonyx albicollis, d?Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 196, t. vhi. fig. 2. 
Megalonyx medius, Less. III. de Zool. pi. 60. 
Above mouse-brown; rump more rufescent and with obsolete 
black cross bars; wings and tail washed with rufous ; lores and 
superciliaries white: beneath dirty white; lower belly and flanks 
brown; breast and belly crossed with irregular narrow black bands; 
bill and feet black: whole length 7*8 inches, wing 3, tail 3*3. 
Female similar, but rather smaller. 
Ilab. Central and Northern Chili and Western Argentina. 

This species replaces its congener in Central and Northern Chili. 
Its sternum has been figured by Eyton (Ostcologia, pi. xiv. tig. 2), 
who also first described its osteology and anatomy (Zool. Voy. 'Beagle/ 

iii. p. 151). 
a,b. S ad. sk. Santiago, Chili {Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. ^ad.sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Coppinger). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili. Dr. Coppinger [~0.]. 
e. tf ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. g ad. sk. Chili {Reed). Sclaier Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
h. i. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
5 . KXI1N0CKYPTA. 
347 

5. 
RHINOCRYPTA. 
Type. 
Rhinomya, Is. Geoffr. et cVOrh. Mag. de Zool. 18.12, 
Ois. pi. iii 11. Lmceolata. 
Rhinocrypta, Gray, List of Gen. 1841, p. 25 R. lanceolata. 

This conspicuous form is allied to Pteroptochm, but differs in its 
shorter bill with much-arched culmen, rather shorter and stronger 
legs, and in the well-marked divisions of the tarsal scutes. The 
tail-feafchors are twelve in number; the hind claw is short and 
curved. 

lUiinocrypta is a characteristic type of the Patagonian Subregion. 


Key to the Species. 

A. Larger : head crested; sides of belly chestnut.. 1. lanceolata, p. 347. 
B. 
Smaller: head not crested; sides of belly 
cinereous 2. fusca, p. 348. 
1. Ehinocrypta lanceolata. 
Rhinomya lanceolata, Is. Geoffr. et aV Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1832, Ois. 
pi. iii.; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 194, pi. \ii. fig. 1 j Bar win, Zool. Toy.
1 Beagle,1 iii. p. 70. 

1874, p. 198 (rep. Arg.); Scl. et tialv. Nomenel. p. 70; White, 

P. Z. IS. 1882, p. 014 (rep. Arg.); 
6W. et Iluds. Arg. Oru. i. 
p. 200. 
Above olivaceous brown; head crested, rufescent, feathers with 
long white shaft-stripes; tail blackish: beneath pale cinereous, 
breast and middle of belly white; a large patch each side of the 
belly clear chestnut; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, 
wing 3*2, tail S'2. Female similar. 

Hab. "Western La Plata and Northern Patagonia. 

a. $ ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (MudSclater 
Coll. 
son). 
b. tf ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (HudSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
son). 
c. Ad. sk. Rio Negro. Zool. Soc. Coll. 

d. e. <5 J ad. bk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. (Weiss- Sclater Coll. 
hai(pt). 
f. 
Ad. sk. Mendoza, Arg. Rep. (Bur- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
meister). 
g, h. <$ $ ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Leybold). 

i. <$ ad.sk. Oosquin, Arg. Rep. (White). Sab in-Godman Coll. 
/. 9 ad. sk. City of Catamarca, Arg. Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(White), 

k. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. T. Biidges [C.]. 
I. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Purchased. 
PTEKOPTOCHIDJE. 

2. Rhinocrypta fusca. 
Rhinocrypta fusca, Scl. et Salv- Nomencl. pp. 7(3,161; Scl. Ibis, 1874, 
p. 198 (rep. Arg.) ; Scl. et Huds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 207. 
u 
Rhinocrypta fulva, Philippi" Leybold, Excurs. a las Pamp. Arjentinas, 
p. 5 (1873); Scl. Ibis, 1874, pi. viii. 

Above uniform pale ciunamomeous brown ; superciliaries whitish ; 
tail blackish, except the middle pair of rectrices which are like the 
back: beneath white, faintly tinged with cinnamomeous ; bill horncolour 
; feet black: whole length 6*5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-4. 

Hab. Western Argentina. 

a. Ad. sk. Mendoza ( Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b, c. 
$ ad. sk. Pampas of the Argentine Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ley bold). 

6. HYLACTES. 
Type. 
Hylactes, King, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 15 H. tarnii. 
Megalonyx, Lesson, Cent. Zool. p. 200 (1830) H. megapodius. 
Leptonyx, Swains. Zool. III. ser. 2, pi. 117 (1832) .. H. megapodius. 

Foot of Hylactes megapodius. 

In general appearance Hylactes is a strong form of Pteroptochus, 
differing principally in its larger feet and elongated hind claw, and 
in possessing fourteen rectrices. It is likewise restricted to Chili 

and Patagonia. 
Key to the Species. 
A. Throat and sides of neck not white. 
\ Throat and fore neck dark brown 1. tarnii, p. 349. 
] Throat and fore neck chestnut 2. castaneus, p. 349. 
B. Throat and sides of neck white 3. megapodius, p. 349. 

6. HYLACTES. 349 
1. Hylactes tarnii. 
Hylactes tarnii, King, P. Z. S. 1830-1, p. 15 (Str. of Magellan); 
Cab. et IMn. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 2] ; Scl P. Z. S. 1807, pp. 325, 
338 (Chili); id. Ibis, 1874, p. 202; Scl et Salv. Kr. Orn. p. 58 ; 
iid. Ibis, 1809, p. 283 (Str. of Magellan) ; iid. Nomend. p. 77. 

Leptonyx tarnii, d'Orb. Toy., Ois. p. 198. 

Pteroptochus tarnii, Daru\ Zool. Toy. ' BeaqleJ iii. p. 70; Bridges, 
P.Z.&im, p. Il l (Chili); Gay, Faun, ChiL i. p. 304; Phil. 
An. Univ. ChiL xxxi. p. 254. 

Megalonyx ruficeps, d'Orb. et Zafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 15; d'Orb. Toy., 
Ois. pi. viii. fig. 1. 

Above dark olive-brown, cap and rump chestnut-red: beneath 
dark olive-brown ; abdomen chestnut, with slight blackish bars on 
belly and crissum; bill and feet dark horn-colour: whole length 
9 inches, wing 4, tail 3*5. Female similar. 

Hah. Southern Chili and Western Patagonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili. C. Darwin [O.]. 
2. Hylactes castaneus. 
Pteroptochus castaneus, Phil, et Zandb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, pt. i. 
p. 56, et I860, pt. i. p. 121; Phil. An. Univ. ChiL xxxi. p. 254; 
Scl P. Z. S. 1807, p. ;^25 (Chili). 
Hylactes castaneus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1807, pp. 325, 338 (Chili); id. Ibis, 
1874, p. 203 (Chili); Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 57, t. xxix.; iid. 
Nomend. p. 77. 

Pteroptochus tarnii, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 170 (err.). 
Above olivaceous with a cinereous tinge; wings externally rufescent 
with slight apical fulvous spots on the greater wing-coverts and 
outer secondaries; feathers of rump thick and elongated, slightly 
barred with black with light fulvous ends; tail dark olivaceous 
brown; front, eyebrows, and body beneath down to the middle 
of the belly chestnut-red: lower belly, flanks, and crissum dark 
cinereous, crossed with black concentric bands which are broadly 
edged with castaneous; bill and feet black: whole length 9 inches, 
wing 4*2, tail 2'6. Female similar. 
Hab. Andes of Colchagua, Chili. 
This appears to be the northern form of the preceding species. 
It is quite distinct, and at once recognizable by its chestnut throat 
and breast. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili (Zandbech). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili (Philippi <§• Zand- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
beck). (Authentic specimen.) 
c. Ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili (Peed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Chili (Zeybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). v Sclater Coll. 
g-k. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
3. Hylactes megapodius. 
Pteroptochus megapodius, Kittl. M6m. Acad. St. PStersb. 1831, p. 182, 
pi. iv.; Darwin, Zool Toy. ' Beagle,1 iii. p. 71; Bridges, P. Z. S. 
1843, p. Il l (Chili); Gay, Faun. ChiL i. p. 302 ; Phil An. Unm 
ChiL xxxi. p. 254; Scl. Cat A. B. p. 109. 

PTEROPTOCniD^. 

Hylactes megapodius, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 154; Cab. et Ilein. Mus. 
Ilein. ii. p. 21; Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 58; iid. Nomencl. p. 77; 
Scl. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 325, 338 (Chili); id. Ibis, 1874, p. 203 
(Chili); Qarrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 510, et 1877, p. 523. 

Megalonyx rufus, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 200, pi. 66; iff Orb, et Lafr. Syn. 
Av. i. p. 15. 
Leptonvx macropus, Sw. Zool. III. n. s. pi. 117 ; cTOrb. Toy., Ois. 

p. 197. 
Above earthy brown, rump rufescent; eyebrows and large stripe 
down each side of the throat and neck white ; middle of throat and 
whole breast dull ferruginous red ; abdomen white, regularly barred 
across with brown, flanks and crissum rufescent; bill and feet 
black : whole length 9 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2*9. Female similar. 

Hah. Central and Northern Chili. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili. Baron Laugier's Coll. 
b. c? ad. sk. Chili (Leybold) Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Chili. 
T. Bridges \G.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Chili. Dr. Eiippell's Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Chili. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Jr. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Santiago, Chili Tweeddale Coll. 
7. ACROPTERNIS. 
Type. 
Acropternis, Cab. et Ilein. Mux. Hem. ii. p. 20 (1859) . . A. orthonyx. 
Ominatoruis, Scl. MS., Ibis, 1874, p. 204 A. orthonyx. 

Bill (from above) and foot of Acropternis orthonyx. 

This very remarkable type is readily known by the extraordinary 
flattened oval into which the culm en is developed and the long 

8. TRrPTOlUITNim. 
351 

straight hind claw. Its ocellated plumage is likewise almost 
unique among the Passeres. The rectrices aro twelve in number, 
much graduated. 

Acropternis is restricted to the highlands of Colombia, Venezuela, 
and Ecuador, 

1. Acropternis orthonyx. 
Merulaxis orthonyx, lafr. liev. Zool 18 43, p. 131; id. Mag. de Zool. 
1844, Ow. pi. 53. 
Triptorhinus ortlionvx, Cab. Wietpn. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 220; Bp. 

Consp. i. p. 200; So/. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 142. 
Pteroptochus orthonyx, Gray, Gen, B. i. p. 155. 
Acropternis orthonyx, Cab. et Hem. Mtis. He hi. ii. p. 20; Scl. Cat. 

A. B. p. 169; id! Ibis, 1874, p. 204; Scl, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 77 ; 
iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 528 (Antioquia); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 116 (W. Ecuador). 
Above black, with numerous round white well-defined spots; 
front, sides of head and neck, throat, and whole of lower back deep 
rusty red ; abdomen ocellated like the back, but with rufous intermixed 
; flanks and crissum rusty rod; tail uniform blackish; bill 
above black, beneath at the base yellowish : whole length 8 inches, 
wing 3*8, tail 3*2. Female similar. 

Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

e. cS ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(j. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buclley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). " Sclater Coll. 
j. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (BrieTio). Sclater Coll. 
8. TEIPT0EHINUS. _ 
Triptorhinus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 219 .. T. paradoxus. 
This monotype is perhaps most like Scytahjms in general 
appearance, but has, although io a lesser degree than Acropternis, a 
similar development of the culmen into an oval plate. The hind 
claw is moderately long and curved. The tail is rather short and 
much rounded. 

Triptorliinus is confined to Southern Chili. 

1. Triptorhinus paradoxus. 
Troglodytes paradoxus, Kittl. Mim. pres. Ac. Sc. PSiersb. 1831, 
p. 184, pi. v. 
Leptonyx paradoxus, d'Orb, Toy., Ois. p. 197. 
Merulaxis paradoxus, Lafr. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 146. 
Pteroptochus paradoxus, Gay, Faun. Chil. i. p. 305. 
Triptorhinus paradoxus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 219; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 205; Cab. et Hem. Mtts. Ilein. ii. p. 20; Scl et Salv. 
Nomencl. p. 77 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1807, pp. 325, 338 (Chili); id. Ibis, 
1874, p. 205. 

PTEROPTOCHIDJE. 

Malacorhynclms chilensis, M&n&tr, Mini. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. s6r. *> i. 

(Sri. Nat) t. i. p. 527. 
Platyurus lepturus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 319. 
Scytalopus inagellanicus, Phil. An. Univ. Chil. xxxi. p. 254. 

Above schistaceous; wings and tail darker ; rump rufous : beneath, 
paler, flanks and crissum rufous; bill above blackish, beneath 
yellowish; feet yellowish brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*4, 
tail 1*8. Female like the male. Young. Above more brownish, 
and more or less transversely barred with rufous and blackish: 
beneath paler, with irregular blackish cross bars; middle of belly 
whitish. 

Hob. Southern Chili. 

a. Jr. st.
b. Jr. st. 
Chili. 
Chili. 
C. Darwin [C.]. 
Purchased. 
c. Jr. sk.
d. e. $ 2 ad.; / ,
g. 5 jr. sk. ' 
Chili. _ ^ 
Valdivia, Chili (Landbevk). 
C. Darwin [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Chili (Heed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


Acontistes, 260. 
Acropternis, 337, 350. 
acuticaudatus (Antlius), 

75. 
acuticaudatus (Anumbius), 
75. 
aeutirostris (Scytalopus), 

337. 
adspersus (Anabatoides), 
105. 
adspersus (Ciclilocolaptes), 
105. 
adusta (Synallaxis), 50,55. 
segithaloides (Leptastke


nura), 34, 35. 
segithaloides (Synallaxis), 

35. 
CDquatorialis (Thamnistes), 
216. 
cethiops (Thamnophilus), 
188,190. 
affinis (Dendrocolaptcs), 

149. 
affinis (Dysithamnus), 
219. 
affinis (Picolaptes), 147, 
149,150,151. 
affinis (Thamnophilus), 

207. 
affinis (Thripobrotus), 
150. 
affinis (Zenops), 111. 
Agatbopus, 337. 
agnatus (Furnarius), 11, 
14. 
alapi (Formicivora), 282. 
alapi (Turdus), 282. 
Alapi de Cayenne, L\ 
282. 
alaudina (Ooryphistera), 
75. 
albescens (Synallaxis), 37, 
42, 43, 44. 
VOL. XV. 

albicans (Thamnophilus), 
206, 210. 
albicapilla (Siplorms), 

64. 
albicapilla (Synallaxis), 
64. 
albiceps (Siptornis), 58, 
64. 
albiceps (Synallaxis), 64. 
albicollis (Dendrocolaptes), 
142. 
albicollis (Dendrocopus), 

142. 
albicollis (Leptonyx), 
346. 
albicollis (Megalonyx), 
346. 
albicollis (Nasica), 156. 
albicollis (Pteroptochus), 
4 345,346. 
albicollis (Sphenura), 112". 
albicollis (Thamnopbilns), 
280. 
albicollis (Xiphocolaptes), 
142,143,144,145. 
albidiventris (Oinclodes), 
23,24. 
aibifrons (Dasyptilops), 

294. 
aibifrons (Myiothera), 
294. 
aibifrons (Pipra), 294. 
aibifrons (Pithys), 294. 
aibifrons (Pteroptochus), 
338. 
aibifrons (Scytalopus), 
338,339. 
aibifrons peruviana (Pithys), 
294. 
albigula (Myrmotherula), 

239. 
albigularis 
(Automolus), 
88,93. 

albigularis (Dondrocolaptes), 
126. 
albigularis (Furnarius), 
10,11. 
albigularis (Pliilydor), 

93. 
albigularis (Pygarrhicus), 
126. 
albigularis (Solerurus), 
114,115. 
albigularis (Synallaxis), 

43. 
albilora (Synallaxis), 46, 
47. 
aibiloris (G-raUaria), 320, 
321. 
albinuchalis (Hypolonhus), 
204. 
albinuchalis* (Thamnophilus), 
202, 204. 
albiventer (Thamnophilus), 
187. 
albiventris (Ueterocnemis),
277. 
albiventris (Malacorhynchus), 
341. 
albiventris (RhampliociBnus), 
260, 261. 
albiventris (Scytalopus), 

341. # ' 
albogularis (Figulus), 11. 
albogularis (Philydor), 
95. 
albogularis (Scytalopus), 
341. 
albolineatus (Dendrocolaptes), 
152. 
albolineatus (Picolaptes), 
147,152. 
alixi (Olytoctantes), 219. 
alopecias (Synallaxis), 52. 
altirostris (Dendrocola


ptos), 117, 

2 A 

amaurotis (Anabates), 

107. 
amaurotis (Anabazen ops), 
105,107. 
amaurotis (Philydor), 

107. 
amazonicns (Thanmophilus), 
192, 197,199. 
amazonus (Anabates), 95. 
amazonus (Sittasomus), 

119. 
ambiguus (Erionotus), 
201. 
ambiguus (Tharnnophilus), 
192,198,201. 
Anabasitfca, 121. 
Anabates, 37. 
Anabates, sp., 101. 
anabatina(Dendrocincla), 

162. 
anabatinus (Dendrocops), 
163. 
anabatinus (Dendroinanes), 
163. 
anabatinus (Thamnistes), 
215, 216. 
Anabatoides, 74,112. 
anabatoides (Xenops), 

112. 
Anabazenops, 74,105. 
analis (Formicarius), 302, 
304, 305. 
analis (Merulaxis), 342. 
analis (Myothera), 304, 

305. 
analis (Myrmornis), 304. 
analis (Scytalopus), 337, 
338, 341, 342. 
Ancistrops, 74, 103. 
andicola (Graliaria), 320, 

323. 
andicola (Hypsibamon), 
323. 
andicola (Leptasthenura), 
35, 36. 
andicola (Upucerthia), 17, 

19. 
angustirostris (Oonopophaga), 
288. 
angustirostris (Dendrocopus), 
155. 
angustirostris (Hypocnemis), 
288. 
angustirostris (Myrmoborus), 
288. 
angustirostris (Picolaptes), 
147,155. 
Anoplops, 296. 
antarctica (Certhia), 25. 
antarctica (Upucerthia), 

25. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

antarcticus (Cinclodes), 
21,25. 
antarcticus (Opetiorhynchus), 
25. 
anthoides (Anumbius),1 

75. 
anthoides (Corythopis), 
335. 
anthoides (Geositta), 6. 
anthoides (Muscicapa), 
335. 
anthoides (Siptomis), 70, 
71. 
anthoides (Synallaxis),70. 
anthoides humivagans 
(Corythopis), 337. 
antisiensis (Siptomis), 
58, 59. 
antisiensis (Synallaxis), 

59. 
anumbi (Furnarius), 75. 
anunibi (Sphenopyga), 76. 
Anumbi roxo, 80. 
Anumbius, 74, 75. 
approximans (Oercomacra), 
263, 266. 
approximans (Xenops), 

110,111. 
aradoides (Anabates), 84. 
ardesiaca (Oonopophaga), 

330, 332. 
ardesiacus (Dysithamnus), 
220, 225. 
arequipse (Siptornis), 64, 

66. 
arequipse (Synallaxis), 66. 
argentat i(Heterocnemis), 
275, 277. 
argentata (Myrmeciza), 

277. 
argentatus (Herpsilochmus), 
277. 
argentinus (Rhopochares), 
213. 
argentinus (Thamnophilus), 
213, 
aspersiventris (Thamnophilus), 
202, 206. 
assinrilis (Automolus), 87. 
assimilis (Fur-narius), 11, 

14. 
assimilis(Myrmotherula), 
244. 
Asthenes, 58. 
atacamensis(Upucerthia), 
25. 
ater (Merulaxis), 343. 
ater (Sarochalinus), 343. 
ater (Scytalopus), 343. 
atra (Drymophila), 270. 
atra (Forinicivora), 270. 
atra (Pyriglena), 269, 

270. 
atricapillus (Herpsilochmus), 
245, 246. 
atricapillus (Lanius),202. 
atricapillus (Philydor), 

96. 
atricapillus (Thamnophilus), 
203,205. 
atricapillus (Tyrannus), 

202. 
atripes (Lepidocolaptes), 
155. 
atripes (Picolaptes), 147. 
atrirostris (Dendrocincla), 
162, 166. 
atrirostris (Dendrocolaptes), 
162, 166. 
atrirostris (Dendrocops), 

166. 
atrirostris (Dendromanes), 
166. 
atrogularis (Myrmotherula),
229,235. 
atropileus (Tbamnophilus),
2ia 
atrofhorax (Cercomacr-a), 

282. 
atrotkorax (Pormicarius), 
282. 
atrothorax (Myrmeciza), 
278, 282,283" 
auratus (Thamnophilus), 

200. 
aurita (Oonopophaga), 
330. 
auritus (Anabates), 78. 
auritus (Turdus), 330. 
australis (Oxyurus), 30. 
Automolus, 74,87. 
axillaris (Pormicivora), 
238, 239, 240. 
axillaris (Herpsiloohmup), 
244. 
axillaris (Myrmophila), 

238. ' 
axillaris (Myrmothera), 
238. 
axillaris (Myrmotherula), 
230,237,238,241. 
axillaris (Thamnophilus), 

244. 
axillaris aquatorialis 
(Herpsilochmus), 244. 
azaree (Synallaxis), 39, 40. 

badius (Furnarius), 11, 

12. 
badius (Thamnophilus), 
212. 
badius (Turdus), 11. 
Batara, 177,179. 
Baiara aoanolado, 213. 
Batara listado, 210. 
Batara mayor, 186. 
B&lara negro y anlomado, 

200. 
Batkmidura, 34. 
foeauperthuysii (Nasiea), 
133. 
Beffroi de Cayenne, Le. 
321. 
berlepschi (Thamnophilus),
211. 
Berlepschia, 74, 79. 
Biastes, 214. 
Biatas, 177, 214. 
bicolor (Forrnicivora), 

249, 256. 
bicolor (Pithys), 294, 

296. 
bicolor (Thamnophilus), 
187. 
bifasciata (Oillurus), 23. 
bifasciatus (Oinclodes), 
21,25. 
bitorquata (Synallaxis), 

56. 
bivittatus (Dendrocolaptes), 
155. 
bivittatus (Picolaptes), 
147,155,156. 
boissoneaui (Otipne), 78. 
boissoneauti, (Pseudoeo


laptes), 77,78, 79. 
boissoneautii (Anabaies), 

78. 
bolivianus (Scyt&lopus), 
337. 
borbas (Thamnophilus), 
184,186. 
boucardi (Forrnicivora), 
249,254,255,256. 
boucardi (Myrmeciza), 
278,279. 
bowmani (Phlogopsis), 
299,300, 
braclivura (Synallaxis), 
41,45. 
brevicauda (Chamtcza), 
306,307,308. 
brevicauda (Ohama3ZOsa), 

307. 
brevicauda(Forrnicarius); 
321. 
brevicauda (Forrnicivora), 
242. 
brevicauda (Geobates), 4, 
brevicauda (Gtaositta), 4. 
brevicauda (Grallaria), 

307, 311, 320, 321, 

322. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

brovicauda(Myrmopliila), 

brevicauda (Myrmothorula), 
229,230, 242. 
brevicauda minor (Grallaria), 
322. 
brevicaudus (Turdus), 

307. 
brevirostria (Thamnopliilus), 
180. 
briconi (Tbripadectes), 

102. ^ 
bridgesi (Drymornis), 
157. 
bridgesi (Naeica), 157. 
briclgesi (Thamnophilus), 
192,194. 
bridgesi (Upucerthia), 17, 

19. 
brminea (Synallaxis), 68. 
brunneicauda (Margarornis), 
123. 
brunneicauda (Synallaxis), 
38,41. 
brunneicaudalis (Synallaxis), 
41, 45. 
brunnescens (Margarornis), 
121,123. 
brunneus (Dasyornis), 43, 

44. 
brunneus (Sclerurus),114, 
116, 

eab&niei (Anabasenops), 

105. 
caerulescens (Cercomacra), 
263,264. 
cajruleseens (Ellipura), 

264. 
caerulescens (Hrionotus\ 
200. 
caerulescens (Forraicivora), 
264. 
caerulescens (Myrmothera), 
20*. 
caerulescens (Thamnophilus), 
180,192,197,200, 

201. 
cassia (Muscicapa), 227. 
cassius (Lanius), 227,273. 
cassius (Thaxnnomanes), 
226,227. 
casius (Thamnophilus), 

273. 
caesius (Tyrannus)i 227. 
calcarata (Oorythopis), 
335. 
calcarata (Myiothera), 
335,337. 
callinota (Forrnicivora), 

257. 
callinota (Terenura), 257, 

258. 
eampanella (Myrmotliora), 
285. 
campanisona(Myiothera), 
307, 
canadensis (Lanius), 202. 
canadensis (Tyrannus). 

202. 
canclasi (Synallaxis), 50, 
54. 
canicaps (Dendroma), 97. 
caniceps (Synallaxis), 49. 
canigularis (Sclerurus), 
114. 
canivetii (Xenops), 96. 
cantator (Formicarius), 
285. 
cantator (Hypocnomis), 
284, 285,286. 
cantator poruvianus (Hypocnemis), 
285. 
capistratus (Thamnophilus), 
206,207, 209. 
capitalis (Thamnophilus), 
192,196. 
capitoicles (Dendrexetastes), 
140. 
carbonaria (Cereomaera), 
263, 267. 
Oarrillonnemr de Cayenne, 
Le, 285, 
castanea(Myiothera), 278. 
castanea (Synallaxis), 50, 

53. 
castaneiceps (Oonopophaga), 
330,332. 
castaneus (Hylaetes), 348, 

349. 
castaneus (Pteroptoehus), 
349. 
castanoptera (Dendrocincla), 
168. 
castelnaudi (G-lyphorhynchus), 
124. 
caudacuta (Myolhera), 

114. 
caudacutus (Sclerurus), 
114, 115, 116. 
caudacutus (Synallaxis), 

51. 
caudacutus (Thamnophilus), 
116. 
caudata (Forrnicivora), 
249, 253. 
cay anensis (Formicarius), 

303. 
cayanensis (Myrmornis), 
302. 
cayennensis (Dendrocolaptes), 
170, 173. 

2A 2 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

cayenncnsis (Dendrocops), 
173. 
eayennensis (Formicarius), 
302. 
eayennensis (Gracula), 

173. 
Oeroomacra, 228, 263. 
certhia (Dendroeolaptes), 
169, 170, 173, 174. 
certhia (Pioua), 173. 
cervicalis (Philydor), 96, 

101. 
cervinigularis (Anabates), 

91. 
cervinigularis (Aulomolus), 
88, 91, 94. 
Chamacza, 30(5. 
chilensis (Furnarius), 22. 
chilensis (Malacorhynehus), 
352. 
chilensis (Upucerfchia), 

22. 
chiroleuca (Qjimiocichla), 
271, 272. 
chrysolophus (Dendrocolaptes), 
117. 
chunchotambo (Dendrocolaptes), 
136. 
chuncotambo (Dendrornis), 
136. 
Cichloeolaptes, 87. 
Oillui-Lis, 21. 
Oinclodes, 3, 4, 21. 
cinerascens (Cercomacra), 
263, 264, 265. 
cinerascens (Formici* 
vora), 264. 
cinerascens (Synallaxis), 
46, 48, 54, 55. 
cinerea (Batara), 179, 

180. 
cinerea (Myiothera), 233. 
cinereiceps (Thamnophilus), 
192, 201. 
cinereinucha (Thamnophilus), 
192, 198. 
cinereiventris (Myrmotherula), 
230,238,244. 
cinereiventris (Bhamphocsenus), 
260, 262, 263. 
cinereo-niger (Thamnophilus), 
192, 193. 
cinereus (Synallaxis), 38. 
cinereus (Tliamnarchus), 

179. 
cinereus (Thamnophilus), 

179. 
cinnamomea (Oerthia), 

52. 
cinnamomea (Holoonemis), 
280. 

cinnamomea (Leptoxyura), 
51. 
cinnamomea (Myrme-ciza), 
278, 280. 
cinnamomea (Sphennra), 

A7


cinnamomea (Sylvia), 47. 
cinnamomea (Synallaxis), 
_ 50, 51, 54. 
cinnamomeus (Drymophila), 
280. 
cinnamomeus (Furnarius), 
11, 15. 
cinnamomeus (Myrmonax), 
280. 
cinnamomeus (Picolaptes), 
15. 
cinnamomeus (Thatnno_ 
philus), 187, 280. 
cinnamomeus (Turdus), 

280. 
cinnamomeus (Xiphocot 
laptes), 142. 
cirrliatus (Hypolophus), 

203. 
cirrliatus (Thamnophilus), 
180, 202, 203, 204, 

205. 
cirrhatus (Turdus), 202. 
cisanclina (Siptornis), 59. 
eisandina (Synallaxis), 

58. 

Cladoscopus, 140. 
Clibanornis, 4, 27. 
Clytoctantes, 178, 219. 
Codonistris, 311. 
Cola aguda par do collar 
negro, 56. 
eollaris (Bhamphocamus), 
260, 263. 
colma (Formicarius), 
301, 302, 303. 
colma (Myiothera), 302. 
colma (Myrmothera), 

302. 
colma (Turdus), 302. 
Colobathris, 311. 
Colombian us (Philydor), 
96, 98. 
commersoni (Furnarius), 

31. 
communis (Dendrocolaptes), 
173. 
compressirostris (Xiphocolaptes), 
144. 
compreasus (Picolaptes), 
147, 153, 154. 
compressus (Thripobrotus), 
153. 
eoncolor (Dendrocolaptes), 
170, 173, 174. 

Conopophaga, 329, 330. 
con5obrina(Formicivora), 
249, 255, 256. 
consobriuus (Philydor), 
96, 98. 
confcaminatus (Anabates), 

104. 
containinatus (JEEeliobletus), 
104. 
Coprotretis, 16. 
corniculatus (Platyurus), 

343. 
coronatus (Picolaptes), 

156. 
corvinus (Diallactes), 

189. 
corvinus (Myrmehstes), 

272. 
corvinus(Thamnophilus), 
188, 189. 
coryi (Schizceaca), 32, 33. 
coryi (Synallaxis), 33. 
Coryphistera, 74, 75. 
Corythopis, 329, 335. 
costaricensis (Grallaricula), 
326. 
Cranioleuca, 58. 
crassiro.-tris (Dendrocolaptes), 
117. 
crassirostris (Greositta), 5, 

10. 
crassirostris (Synallaxis), 
m, 66. 
crassirostris (Xiphoeolaptes), 
142. 
Creeper of Surinam, 
Wall-, 275. 
crissalis (Formicarius), 
302, 304, 305. 
crissalis (Myrmornis), 

305. 
oristata (Pithys), 294. 
oristalellus (Maldcorhynehus), 
343. 
oristatellus (Thamnophilus), 
179. 
cristatus (Anabates), 85, 

86. 
cristatus (Furnarius), 10, 
13,14. 
cristatus (Homorus), 85, 
86, 87. 
cristatus (Hypolophus), 

203. 
cristatus (Thamnophilus), 
202, 203. 
cristatus (Xenops), 87. 
cucullata (Conopophaga), 

327. 
cucullata (Grallaricula), 
326, 327. 

ounoatus (Dendroeo


laptcs), 124. 

ciincwfciis (Glyphorhyn


chus), 124. 

cunontus caslclnaudi 

((jUyphorhynchus),l24. 

cunicularia (Alauda), 5. 

cunieularia(Cortliilaucla), 

G. 
cunicularia(G-eosiita),5,6. 
cunicularia jiminensis 
(Geositta), 6, 7. 
curtala (Siptomis), 58,59. 
curtata (Synallaxis), 59. 
curviroatris (Liiuno


phyes), 76. 
curvirostris (Liinnomis), 
69, 76. 
cyanotis (Dendrocolaptes), 
143,146. 
Cymbiknius, 177, 178. 

Dacryophorus, 146. 

Da&yptilops, 294. 

decumanus (Dendroco


laptes), 142. 

delalandi (Muscicapa), 

335. 
deluzaa (Forniicivora), 

249. 
demissa (Synallaxis), 89. 
Dendrexetastes, 118,140. 
Dendrocincla, 118, 162. 
Dendrocolaptes, 118,169. 
deudrocolaptes (Sphenura), 
88. 
dendrocolaptoides (Anabates), 
27. 
dendrocolaptoides (Cli


banornis), 27. 
Dendrocops, 169. 
Denclrocopus, 169. 
Dendrodranius, 126. 
Dendroma, 96. 
Deudromanes, 162. 
Dendroplex, 118, 138. 
Dendrornis, 118, 127. 
desniursi (Schizura), 31. 
desmursi (Sylvioriho


rhynchus), 31. 
devillei (Oladoscopus), 

141. 
devillei (Dendrocolapies), 
141. 
devillii (Dendrexetastes), 
140, 141. 
Diallactes, 180. 
dignissima (Grallaria), 

310. 
dignissima (Tbamnocbaris), 
310. 

A LP H ABET1C AL INI) EX. 

divoa (Grallaria), 320,323. 
doliatua (Lanius), 207, 

208. 
doliatus (Thamnophilua), 
180,206,207,209,210. 
doliatua afflnis (Thamnophilus), 
207. 
domicella (Formicivora), 

269. 
domicella (Lanius), 269. 
domicella (Myiotbera), 
ajo. 
domicella (Pyrigiena), 

269. 
domicella (Thamnopbilus), 
269. 
d'orbignyanus (Nasica), 

d'orbignyii(Bathmidura), 

05. 
dorsalis (Aufcomolus), 88, 
94. ^ 
dorsalis (Oonopopbaga), 
330, 333. 
dorsimaculalus (Herpsilocbmus), 
245, 246. 
dorso-immaculatus (Xipborbyncbus), 
158. 
dorsomaculatus (Oxyurus), 
33. 
dorsomaculatus (Synallaxis), 
33. 
Dromodendron, 126. 
Drymophila, 277. 
Drymornis, 118, 157. 
Dryocopus, 162. 
dumetoria (Ooprotretis), 

17. 
dumetoria (Upucerthia), 
16, 17, 18. 
duroetorius (Qchetorhyncbus), 
17. 
dumetorum (Uppucertbia), 
17. 
Dysitbanmus, 178, 219. 

eburneirostris (Dendrornis), 
127, 130, 131. 
eburneirostris (Dryocopus), 
130. 
eburneirostris (Prenmocopus), 
130. 
elegans (Dendrornis), 
128,137. 
elegans (Hypocnemis), 

289. 
elegans (Synallaxis), 40. 
elegantior(Synallaxis),40. 
Ellipura, 248. 
ellisiana (Phlogopsis), 
189. 
olliaiana (Pyriglena). 

189. 
omigrans (Xiphocola-
Ijtoa), 142, 143, 145. 
emigrans costarieonsis 
(Xiphoeolaplea), 145. 
Enicornis, 20. 
Eromobiua, 26. 
Erionotua, 180. 
erithaous (Dendroco


lapies), 119. 
erithaous (Lioscetes), 344, 

345. 
erithaous (Sittosomus), 
118, 119. 
crythacus (Sittasoinus), 

119. 
erytbrocerca (Formicivora), 
253. 
erythrocercus (Anabatos), 

101. 
erythrocercus (Philydor), 
96,101, 102. 
erytbroleuca (Grallaria), 
316, 318. 
erytbronota (Forniicivora), 
237. 
erytbronota (Myrmothernla), 
230, 237. 
erythrouotus (Philydor), 
96,99. 
erythroplirys (Hypocnemis), 
288. 
erythroplirys (Pithys), 

288. 
erythrophthalma (Thripopbaga), 
S3,84, 85, 
erythrophfchalmus (Anabates), 
84. 
erythrops (Siptornis), 59, 

60. 
erythrops (Synallaxis), 
37, (JO. 
erythroptcra (Phlogopsis), 
299,301. 
erythropterus (Anabatos), 

98. 
erythropterus (Automolus), 
98. 
erythropterus (Formicarius), 
301. 
erythropterus (Philydor), 
96,98. 
erythropygia (Dendrornis), 
127,131,132. 
erythropygia fequatorialis 
(Dendrornis), 131. 
erythrothorax (Synallaxis), 
37, 50, 55. 
erythrotis (Grallaria), 
316, 319. 

erytbrura (Myrmotbe


rula), 230, 236. 
excelsior (Cinclodes), 18. 
excelsior (Ochetorliyn


chus), 18. 
excelsior (Upucertbia), 
16, 18. 
ex&ul (Myrmeciza), 278, 

279. 
eytoni (Denclrocolaptes), 
129. 
eytoni (Dendrornis), 127, 
129. 
falciruellus (Picolapfces), 
146,148. 
ialcinellus (Tbripobrotus), 
148. 
falcirostris (Dendrocolaptes), 
143. 
falcularius (Dendroco


pus), 159, 160. 
fasciata (Geobair.on), 7. 
fasciata (Q-eositta), 7, 8. 
fasciatus(Thamn ophilus), 

212. 
femoralis (Scytalopus), 
337. 
ferruginea (Ellipura),252. 
ferruginea (Formicivora), 
248, 252. 
ferruginea (Myiothera), 


252. 
ferruginea (Myrmeciza), 
277. 
ferrugineipectus (Grallaria), 
326. 
ferrugineipectus (Grallaricula), 
326. 
ferruginous (Tharnnophilus), 
201. 
ferruginolentus- (Anabates), 
88. 
ferruginolentus (Analx*toides), 
88. 
ferruginolentus (Automolus), 
87, 88,89. 
ferruginolentus (Ciehlocolaptea), 
88. 
ferruginolentus (Ipoborus), 
88. 
Figulus, 10. 
figulus (Furnarius), 10, 


12,15. 
figulus (Turdus), 12, 
fissirostris (Alauda), 6. 
fitis (Synallaxis), 62. 
flarnmata (Holoenemis), 

275. 
flammeus 
(Dendrocolaptes), 
135. 

ALPHABETICAL IxNTDEX. 

flammuslata (Siptomis), 

61, 70, 72. 
flammulata (Sittasomus), 

61. 
flaminulata (Synallaxis), 
61, 72. 
flammulatus (Anabates), 

102. 
flammulatus (Tbripadectes), 
102, 103. 
flavescens (Hypocneniis), 
284, 286. 
flaviga&ter (Dryoeopias), 

130. 
flavigaster (Nasica), 130. 
flavigaster (Xipborbyncbus), 
130. 
flavigastra (Dendrornis), 

130. 
flavigularis (Synallaxis), 
65, 66, 68. 
flavirostris (Grallaria), 

326. 
flavirostris (Grallaricula),. 
325, 326. 
fiavotincta (Grallaria), 
316, 318. 
Formicarius, 229, 301. 
Formicivora, 228, 248. 
formicivora (Myrmo


thera), 298. 
formicivora(Rbopoterpe), 

298. 
formicivorus (Turdus), 
298. 
fortirostris (Dendrocolaptes),!^. 
fortis (Percnoslola), 273r 

274. 
fortis (Xipbocolaptes), 
142. 
Fourniillier de Cayenne, 
Le, 298. 
Fourniillier grivele* de 
Cayenne, 275. 
Fourniillier bwppe, Le, 

202. 
Fourniillier 
a oreilles 
blanches de Cayenne, 

330. 
Fourmillier taebete" cl© 
Cayenne, 291. 
Fournier de Buenos 
Ayres, 11. 
frater (Herpsilocbmus), 
245, 248. 
fraterculus (Dendrornis), 

127. 
frobeeni (Geositta), 5, 6. 
frobeni (Certhilauda), 6. 
frontalis (Anumbius), 80. 
frontalis (Pbaeellodoinus), 
80. 
frontalis (Pbaceloclomus), 

79, 81. 
frontalis (Splienura), 80. 
frontalis (Synallaxis), 38, 

39, 40, 41. 
frutioicoJa (Synallaxis\ 

40. 
fugax (Synallaxis), 65, 
66. 
fuliginieeps (Leptastbenura), 
35, 37. 
fuliginieeps (Synallaxis), 

37. 
fuliginieeps boliviana 
(Leptastbenura), 34. 
fuliginosa(Dendrocincla), 
162, 165, 166, 167. 
fuliginosa (Myiothera), 
238,240. 
fuliginosa (Schizceaca), 
32, 33. 
fuliginosa (Synallsixis), 

32. 
fuliginosus (Dendrocopus), 
165. 
fuliginosus (Furnarius), 
2&. 
fuliginosus 
(Thamnopbilus), 
181,182,183,184, 

224. 
fulva (Rbmocrypta), 348. 
fulvescens (Obamseza), 
307, 308. 
fulviventris (Grallaria), 
320, 323, 324. 
fulviventris (Myrmotberula), 
229, 234. ^ 
fumigata (Dendrocincla), 

165. 
fumigatus (Dendrocolaptes), 
165. 
fumigatus (Dendrocops)}

165. 
funebris (Lanius), 181, 
273. 
funebris (Percnostola), 
272, 273, 274. 
funebris (Pyriglena), 

273. 
furcata (Siptornis), 59. 
furcata (Synallaxis), 5S. 
Furnarius, 3, 10. 
fusca (Grallaria), SI5. 
fusca (Rbinocrypta), 347, 
348. 
fusca (Sitta), 112. 
fusca (Xenicopsis), 112. 
fuscescens (Leptastbenura), 
34. 

fuacioapilla (Myrmotbera), 
302. 
fuacicapillua (Picolaptea), 
147, 154, 155. 
f usciccps (Th ripophaga). 
83, k 
fuscipennis (Philydor), 
% % 99. 
fuscoides (Merulaxis), 

340. 
fuscoides (Seyialopus), 
340. ^ ^ l 
fusco-ruia (Synallaxis), 
^ 50, 53. 
fuscus (Anabatoides), 


m. 
fuscus (Anabazcnops), 

112. 
fuscus (Anthus), 4, 23. 
fuscus (Cilluraa), 23. 
fuscus (Cinclodes), 21, 
23. 
fuscus (Dendrocolaptes), 
151. 
fuscus (Scytalopus), 338. 
fuscus (Tinactor), 114. 
garrulus (Malurus), 80. 
geugei (Forrnicrvora),249, 

253. 
genei (Formicivora"), 253. 
genibarbis (Xenops), 110, 
111. 
Geobamon, 5. 
Geobafces, 3, 4. 
Geositta, 3, 5. 
gigantea (Grallaria), 311, 
312. 
gigas (Tbamnopbilus), 
179. 
gladiator (Troglodytes), 
261. 
glaucus (Tbamnomanes), 
227. 
' Glypborbynchus, 118, 
124. 
Glyphorynchus, 124. 
Gobe-raoucbe tacheto" de 
Cayenne, Petit, 230. 
gouldi (Henicornis), 27. 
graoilirostris (Dendroco


laptes), 157. 
graoilirostris (Nasica), 


157. 
gracilis (Picolaptea), 147, 
154. 
Grallaria, 306,311. 
grallaria (Myiothera), 
316. 
grallaria (Pitta), 315. 
Grallaricula, 306, 325. 
ALPHABETICAL INDKX. 

grallarius (Turdua), 315. 
graminicola (Siptonria), 
70, 71. 
graminicola (Synallaxis), 

71. 
Grand Grimpar, Lo, 143. 
gronadonsis (Xipborbyncbus), 
159. 
Grimpar, Le Grand, 143. 
Grimpar enfume\ Le, 

165. 
Grimpar flambo, Lo, 134. 
Grimpar maille, Lc, 155. 
Grimpar Nasican, Le, 
150. 
Grimpar Picucule, Le, 
173. 
Grimpar Sittelle,Le, 119. 
Grimpar talapiot, Le, 
139. 
grisea (Ellipura), 249. 
grisea (Formicivora), 248, 
249, 250. 
grisea (Motacilla), 249. 
griseicapillus (Dendroco


pus), 117. 
griseiceps (Furnarius), 

15. 
griseicollis (Merulaxis), 
340. 
griseicollis (Scytalopus), 
338, 340. 
griseiventris (Pithys), 

294. 
griseiventris (Synallaxis), 
37. 
griseo-murina (Scbizoeaca), 
32. 
griseo-murina (Synallaxis), 
32. 
griseonucba (Grallaria), 
316,319. 
griseus (Sittasonms), 

119. 
griseus (Tbamnophilus), 
249,250. 
griseus (Turclus), 249. 
Grisin de Cayenne, Le, 

238,249. 
guajacina (Spbenura), 

guatemalensis (Grallaria), 
313, 314. 
guatemalensis (Selerurus), 
114,117. 
guatemalensis (Tinactor), 
117. 
guatimalensis (Cbamseza), 
313. 
guianensis (Motacilla), 

46. 
guianensis (Synallaxis), 
37, 40, 47. 
gularis (Myrmotbera), 

233. 
gularis (Myrmotbcrula), 
229, 233. 
gularis (Khopias), 233. 
gularis (Ehopotorpe), 

233. 
gularis (Synallaxis), 50, 
55. 
gularis (Tbamnopbilus), 
JiOO, 

gularis (Xenops), 95. 
guttata (Dondrornia), 
127, 128, 129, 130, 

133. 
guttata (Margarornis), 
121, 123. 
guttata (Myrmotbera), 

232. 
guttata (Myrmotberula), 
229, 232. 
guttata (Picolaptes), 

guttata (Bbopias), 232. 

guttata (Rbopoterpe), 

232. 
guttata (Rhopotbera), 
291. ^ 
guttatoides (Dendrornis), 
127,128. 
guttatoides (Nasica), 128. 
guttatus (Dendrocola


ptes), 128, 136,139, 

142. 
guttatus (Hypoedaleus) 
182. 
guttatus (Leptorbyncbus), 
259. 
guttatus (Nasica), 128. 
guttatus (Psilorhain


pbus), 259. 
guttatus (Ramphooaa


nus), 259. 
guttatus (Sylviaxis), 337. 
guttatus (Tbamnopbilus), 

180, 181, 182, 283. 
guttulatus (Anabazenops), 
105, 109. 
guttulatus (Dysitbam


nus), 219, 220. 
guttulatus (Lanius), 220. 
guttuligera (Tbripo


pbaga), 83, 84. 
gutturalis (Anabates), 

86. 
gutturalis (Conopopbaga), 
332. 
gutturalis (Homorus), 
85, 86. 

gufcturalis (Myrmotbe


rula), 220, 233. 
Gymnocicbla, 228, 271. 
Gynmopithys, 229, 296. 
gymnops (Gymnopitbys), 

296, 297. 
gymnops (Ehegmatorhina)
r 297. 

baematonota (Foriniciyora), 
235. 
bsematonota (Myrmo


• therula), 230, 235, 236. 
baplonota (Q-rallaria), 
313, 315. 
hauxwelli (Formiciyora), 

237. 
bauxwelli (Myrrnotberula), 
230, 237. 
hauxwelli (Rbopias), 237. 
Heliobletus, 74, 104. 
bemileuea (Hypocnemis), 

285, 291. 
hemimeltena (Myrme


ciza), 278, 283. 
Henicornis, 3, 4, 26. 
Herpsilochmus, 228, 244. 
Herpsilocbmus, sp. inc., 

246. 
Heterocnemis, 228, 274. 
beteriirus (Xenops), 111. 
liilarii (Pieerthia), 28. 
boffmanni (Formicarius), 
302, 304, 305. 
Jioffmanni (Myrmornis), 

304. 
bollandi (Tbamnopbilus), 
185. 
Holocnemis, 274. 
bolostictus (Automolus), 

87, 89. 
holostictus striatidorsus 
(Automolus), 89. 
bomochroa (Dendrocincla), 
162, 163, 104. 
foomocbroa ruflceps 
(Dendrocinda), KA. 
bomocbrous (Dendro


nianes), 163, 164. 
Homorus, 74, 85. 
Horqueta tricolor, 57. 
buclsoni (Siptornis), 70. 
budsoni (Synallaxis), 70. 
bumeralis (Tercnura), 

257, 258. 
bumicola (Siptornis), 64, 

65, 66. 
bumicola (Synallaxis), 05. 
bumilis (Siptornis), 65, 

(57. 
bumilis (Synallaxis), 67. 
ALPHABETIC IL INDEX. 

burnivagans (Corytbo


pis), 336. 
Hylactes, 337, 348. 
Hylexetastes, 118,141. 
byperytbrus (Tbamno


pbilus), 193. 
Hypocnemis, 228, 284. 
Hypocnemis, sp., 28$. 
Hypcedaleus, 180. 
bypoleuca (Grallaria), 

316, 319. 
bypoleuca (Heterocnemis), 
274. 
bypoleucus (Myrmo


cbanes), 228". 
Hypolopbus, 180. 
bypomelasna (Cercoma


cra), 204, 268. 
bypospodia (Synallaxis), 
42, 44, 45. 
byposticta (Siptornis), 
59, 61. 
byposticta (Synallaxis), 

61. 
hypoxantba (Hypocnemis), 
284, 286. 
Hypsibemon, 311. 


ignobilis (Automolus), 
87, 89. 
ignotus (Xipbocolaptes), 

142. 
immaculata (Myrmeciza), 
278, 279. 
imniaculatus (Anabazenops), 
105. 
immaculatus (Thamnopbilus), 
188, 189. 
imperator (Oolofoatbris), 

316. 
imperator (Grallaria), 
313, 316. 
imperatrix (Myiotricbas), 
316. 
incertus (Tbaranophilus), 
180. 
isidigotiea (Myiotbera), 


341. 
indigoticns (Malacorbyncbus), 
341. 
indigoticns (Scytalopus), 
338, 341, 342. 
infuscatus (Anabates), 95. 
inornata (Myrmotbera), 

243. 
inornata (Myrmotherula), 
230, 243. 
inornata (Synallaxis), 47, 

62. 
inornatus (Phacellodomus), 
80, 81. 

inornatus (Tbamnonbilus), 
ISO. 
insignis (Thamnopbi-
IUB), 192, 199. 
intermedia (Formicivora), 
248, 250. 
intermedia (Grallaria). 

311. 
intermedins (Dendrocolaptes), 
169. 
intermedins (Tbamixophilus), 
207. 
Ipnoclomus, 10. 
Ipoboms, 87. 
isabellina (Certhilauda), 

7. 
isabellina (Geositta), 5, 
7,8. 

jani (Tbamnopbilus), 

180. 
jelskii (Ooprotetis), 18. 
felskii (TJpucertbia), 1(>, 
18. 
kienerii (Dendrornis), 

127. 
kollari (Synallaxis), 507 
53. 
lacrymiger (Dendrocolaptes), 
148. 


lacrymiger (Picolaptes)r 
146,148, 149, 150. 
lacrymiger (Thripobro


tus), 148. 
lacrymiger warszewiezi 
(Picolaptes), 149. 
lacrymosa (Dendrornis), 
127, 133. 
lasmosticta (Myrmecizal 
278, 280. 
laemosticta (Synallaxis), 
50, 54. 
lafresnayana (Pormioivora), 
229, 
lafresnayanus (Dendro 
colaptes), 160. 
lafresnayanus (Tbamnopbilus), 
180. 
lafresnayanus (Xipborbyncbos), 
158, 159, 

160. 
lafresnayei (Dendrocinda), 
162. 
lafresnayi (Picolaptes), 


148. 
lafresnayi (Tbripobrotus), 
148. 
lanceolata 
(Rhinocrvpta), 
347, 

lancoolata (Rhmomyia), 

347. 
laneeolatus (Opetiorhynohus), 
22. 
lawreneii (Dcndromis), 


133. 
lawrencii (Psouclocolaptes), 
78, 79. 
lawrencii costaricensis 
(Dendrornis), 133. 
layardi (Picolaptes), 147, 

leachi (Lochites), 181. 
leaehi (Thamnopliilus), 

180, 181. 
Lepidocolaptes, 140. 
lepidonota (Ilypocne


mis), 284, 287. 
Loptastbenura, 29, 34. 
Leptonyx, 348. 
Leptorbynckus, 259. 
Leptoxyura, 37. 
lepturus (Platyurus), 352. 
leueaspis (Myrmeciza), 

295. 
leueaspis (Pithys), 294, 
295, 296. 
leucauclien (Thamnophilus), 
203, 204. 
leueoceplialus (Synallaxis), 
37. 
leucogaster (Picolaptes), 
146,147, 148. 
leucogaster (Thripobrotus), 
147. 
leucogaster (Xiphorhynchus), 
147. 
leueonotus (Thamnophi-
IUB), 188, 189. 
leucophrys (Anabates), 

88. 
leucophrys (Forruiciyora), 
250. 
leucophrys (Furnarius), 

88. 
leucophrys (Hypocnemis), 
284, 285, 288. 
leucophrys (Myiothera), 
249, 250, 
leucophrys (Myrmoborus), 
288. 
leucophrys (Myrmonax), 

288. 
leucophrys (Pitbys), 288. 
leucophthalma (Formicivora), 
248. 
leucophthalnius (Anabates), 
95. 
leucophthalmus (Automolus), 
88, 95. 
leucops (Pitbys), 294. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

leucoptora (Pyriglena), 

269. 
leucoptorus (Turdua), 
209. 
loucopus (Drymophila), 
282. 
leucopus (Furnariu>s), 
11, 13, 14, 15. 
leucorhynchus (Dendrornis), 
129. 
leueostcrnum (Dromodenclron), 
126. 
leucostemus (l)endrodramus), 
126. 
leucostemuB (Pygarrhichus), 
126. 
leucostictus (Dysitharanus), 
220, 224. 
leucostigma (Hetorocnemis), 
275, 276. 
leucostigma (Percnostola), 
276. 
leucotis (Conopopbaga), 

330. 
leucotis (PipraV 330. 
Limnopbyes, 74, 76. 
Limnornis, 74, 77. 
lineata (Conopophaga), 
329, 330, 333. 
lineata (Holocnemis), 

275. 
lineaticeps (Anabates), 
103. 
lineaticeps (Ancistrops), 
103, 104. 
lineaticeps (Picolaptes), 
146, 153. 
lineatocepbalus (Dendrocolaptes), 
144. 
lineatocepbalus (Xiphocolaptes), 
145. 
lineatus (Anabazenops), 

109. 
lineatus (Cymbilanius), 
178. 
lineatus (Lanius), 178. 
lineatus (Myiagrus), 333. 
lineatus (Muoturdus), 
275. 
lineatus (Thamnopliilus), 
178, 212. 
lineatus (Turdus), 275. 
lineatus fasciatus (Oym


bilanius), 178. 
Liosceles, 337, 344. 
littoralis (Xenops), 110, 

111. 
Lochites, 180. 
Lochmias, 4, 28. 
longicauda ("Dendrocincla), 
162,165. 

longipcnnis (Furnarhw), 

10. 
longipcnnis (Myrmothoriilu), 
230, 24 K 
longipcs (Drymophila), 


278. 
longipos (Myrmeciza), 
277,278/279. 
longipos (Myrmonax), 


278. 
longipos (Myrmothera), 
278. 
longirostris (Dondrocolnplos), 
156. 
longirost ris (Dendroeopus), 
156. 
longirostris (Furnariua), 


15. 
longirostris (Herpsiloehmus), 
245, 246. 
longirostris (Nasica), 


156. 
longirostris (Rharaphocamus), 
261. 
lopkotes (Homorus), 85, 


86. 
loreto-yacuensis (Tbamnopbilus), 
202, 205. 
loricata (Drymophila), 


282. 
loricata (Formicivora), 
282. 
loricata (Grallaria), 327. 
loricata (Grallaricula), 
326, 327. 
loricata (Myiothera), 

282. 
loricata (Myrmeciza), 
277, 278, 281, 282. 
loricatus (Myrmonax), 

282. 
luctuosa (Myrmolherula), 
242. 
Ittctuosus (Lanius), 190. 
luctuosus (Thamnophi


hw),180, 188,190. 
lugubris (Hypocnemis). 
285, 289. 
lugubris (Myrnioborus), 

289. 
lugubris (Myrmonax), 
289. 
lunuiata (Pithys), 294, 
296. 
lunulatus (Lanius), 18$, 
lunulatus (Tbamnopbilus), 
183. 
luscinia (Ochetorhynchus), 
20. 
luscinia (TJpuccrtlria), 

17, 20. 

macleannani (Phlogop-
BI&), 299, 300. 
macropus (Leptonyx), 

350. 
maorourus (Anabates), 
83. 
macularia (Colobathris), 
324. 
macularia (Grallaria), 
320, 324. 
macularia (Pitta), 324. 
maculata (Elbpura), 

257. 
maculata (Formicivora), 
254,257. 
maculata (Myiothera), 

257. 
maculata (Synallaxis), 
49. 
maculata (Terenura), 
257. 
maculatus (Dendrooopus), 
117. 
maculacus (Lanius), 182. 
maculatus (Rampho


csenus), 257. 
maculatus (Thamnopbilus), 
182, 192, 200, 

201. 
macuHcauda (Hypocnemis), 
285, 291. 
maculicaudis (Cercomacra), 
264, 268. 
uiaculicaudis (Pyriglena), 

268. 
maculipeetus (Phacellodomus), 
82. 
maculipennis (Pygoptila), 
217. 
maculipennis (Thamnopbilus), 
217. 
niaculiventer (Xiphorhyncbus), 
148. 
maculosa (Cercomacra), 

267. 
Magellanic Warbler, 
338. 
magellanica (Motacilla), 
338. 
magellanica (Sylvia), 
338. 
raagellanicus 
(Scytalopus), 
337, 338, 340, 

352. 
niagnus (Thamnophilus), 
187. 
major (Dendrocolaptes), 
145. 
major (Dcndrocopus), 
145. 
major (Diallacfces), 187. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

major (G-lyphorhynchus), 

major (Synallaxis), 75. 
major (Tbamnopbilus), 
180, 184, 185, 186, 

188. 
major (Xiphocolaptes), 
i42,145. 
major castaneus (Xiphocolaptes), 
146. 
Malacorbyncbus, 343. 
malura (Ellipura), 254. 
malura (Formicivora), 

249,252, 254. 
malura (Myiothera), 

254. 
maluroides (Sehizura), 
31. 
maluroides (Siptornis), 
70, 72. 
maluroides (Sylviorthorbyncbus), 
31. 
maluroides (Synallaxis), 

72. 
Manikup de Cayenne, 
Le, 294. 
maranonica (Synallaxis), 
46, 48. 
margaritacea (Myiotbera), 
285. 
margaritata (Myrmeciza), 
217. 
margaritata (Pygoptila), 

217. 
margaritifera (Hypocnemis), 
284. 
Margarornis, 118,121. 
marginata (Chamajza), 

307. 
marginata (Cbamsezosa), 
307. 
marginatus(Myioturdus), 
307. 
maritima (Certhilauda), 
5. 
maritima (G-eositta), 5. 
masafuerffi (Oxyurus), 

30. 
masafuera? (Synallaxis), 
30. 
maura (Formicivora), 
270. 
maura (Pyriglena), 270. 
maximiliana (Malanopareia), 
56. 
maximiliani (Oonopopbaga), 
334. 
maximiliani (Synallaxis), 
37, 56, 57. 
maynana (Myrmeciza), 

277. 
medius (Megalonyx), 

346. 
Megalonyx, 348. 
megapodius (Hylactes), 
348, 349, 350. 
megapodius (Pteroptochus), 
349. 
melaena (Formicivora), 

239. 
malaena (Myrmopbila), 
239. 
melaena (Myrmotberula), 
230,239. 
melanaria (Cercomacra), 
264,268. 
melanaria (Formicivora), 

268. 
melanoeepbalus (Diallactes), 
188. 
melanoeepbalus (Tbamnophilus), 
188. 
melanocepbal us(Xenops), 

96. 
melanoceps (Dendrocolaptes), 
117,170. 
melanoceps (Tbamnopbilus), 
188. 
melanochrous (Tbamnopbilus), 
188, 191. 
melanocrissus (Tbamnopbilus), 
184. 
melanogaster (Formicivora), 
248. 
melanogaster (Tbamnopbilus), 
240. 
melanogastra (Conopopbaga), 
330, 331. 
melanogastra (Myrmopbila), 
240. 
melanogastra (Myrmotberula), 
230, 240. 
melanolsema (Hypocnemis), 
289. 
melanoleuca (Terenura), 

257. 
melanonotus (Tbamnopbilus), 
202, 205. 
Melanopareia, 37. 
melanopezus (Auto


molus), 88, 93. 
melanopezus (Pbilydor), 
Jo. 

melanopogon (Hypocnemis), 
285, 290, 291. 
melanops(Conopopbaga), 

ooU, oo-b. 
melanops(Phlceocryptes), 
33,34. 
melanops (Platyrhynchus), 
334. 
melanops (Syhiu), 33. 

nielanops (Synallaxis), 

33. 
melanorhynchus (AnubatoB), 
90. 
melanorhynchus (Denclrocolaptes), 
129. 
melanosticta (Gymnopithys), 
29G, 297. 
melanosticta (Hypocnemis), 
289. 
melanosticta (Pithys), 

297. 
melanothorax (Tbamnophilus), 
188. 
melanotis (Furnarius), 

melanura (Oercomacra), 

282,283. 
melanura (Formicivora), 

282. 
melanura (Ilenicornis), 
26, 27. 
melanura (Hypocnemis), 
285, 290. 
melanura (Myrmeeiza), 

269. 
melanurus (Diallectes), 
185. 
melanurus (Hhamphocsenus), 
260, 261. 
melanurus (Tbamnophilus), 
184, 185. 
melas (Lanius), 190. 
meleager (Lanius), 182. 
meleager (Thamnophi


.lus), 182. 
meleagris (Thamnophilus), 
182. 
menetriesi (Formicivora), 

240. 
menetriesi (Myrmophila), 
240. 
menetriesi (Myrmothera), 
240. 
menetriesi (Myrmotherula), 
230, 240. 
mentalis (Anabazenops), 

109. 
mentalis (Dendrornis), 
127,131. 
mentalis (Dysithamnus), 
220, 221, 222. 
mentalis (Myothera), 

221. 
mentalis (Spbenura), 51. 
mentalis (Synallaxis), 
51. 
Merle a crayate cle 
Cayenne, 280. 
Merle a gorge rousse cle 
Cayenne, Petit, 297. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Morlo roux cle Cayenne, 

273. 
morula (Dendrooincla), 
162,108. 
merula (Dendrocolaptes), 
168. 
merula (Dendrocops), 

168. 
Merulaxis, 337, 343. 
merulina (Dendrocincla), 
168. 
meruloides (Cliamasza), 
307. 
meruloides (Dendrocincla), 
162, 168. 
meruloides (Denclrocops), 
168, 
mexicana (Grallaria), 

313. 
mexicanus (Sclerurus), 
114,115,117. 
mexicanus (Xenops), 110. 
micbleri (Pittasoma), 

309, 310. 
micbleri zeledoni ^Pitta


soma), 310. 
Microbates, 260. 
micropterus (Agatbopus), 

342, 343. 
micropterus (Scytalopus), 

342. 
Microrbopias, 248. 
miniatus (Dendrocolaptes), 
117. 
minlosi (Xenerpestes), 

73. 
minor (Cillurus), 23. 
minor (Cinclodes), 23. 
minor (Dendrocincla), 
162. 
minor (Furnarius), 11, 
14. 
minor (Grallaria), 322. 
minor (Percnostola), 
273,274. 
minuta (Myrmotbera), 

230. 
modesta (Grallaria), 320, 
322. 
modesta (Myrmotberula), 
240. 
modesta (Siptornia), 65, 
66,67,68. 
modesta (Synallaxis), 47, 

66. 
mcesta (Synallaxis), 38, 
41. 
mollissima (Charnseza), 
307,309. 
moniliger 
(Fomiiearius), 
302, 303,304. 

moiuligcra (Myrmornis), 

303. 
montana (Uppueortlua), 
montanus (Anabates), 

108. 
montanus (Cinclodes), 
20. 
montanus (Ipoborua), 
108. 
montanus (Pbilytlor), 
108. 
monticola (Cliainaza), 
318. 
monticola (Crallaria), 
316,317,318. 
motacilloicles (Herpsilochmus), 
244. 
multiguttata (Dendrornis), 
128, 138. 
multiguttatus (Nasica), 

138. 
multistriatus (Thamnophilub), 
207, 211. 
m ulti st ri gatu s (D end rocolaptes), 
171, 172. 
multistrigatus (Dendrocops), 
171. 
multostriata (Mymotberula), 
231, 232. 
multostriata (Synallaxis), 
72. 
multostriatum (Myrmothorium), 
231. 
murinus (Tbamnopbilus), 
192, 195. 
mustelina (Synallaxis), 
50,51,52. 
mviotberina 
(Hypocnemis), 
285, 289, 

290. 
myiotherina elegans 
(Hypocnemis), 289. 
myiotherinus (Drymophila), 
288. 
myiotherinus (Mvrmoborus), 
289. 
myiotherinus (Thamnopbilus), 
288. 
Myiotrichas, 311. 
Myioturdus, 311. 
Myrmeeiza, 228, 277. 
Myrmelastes, 180. 
Myrmoborus, 284. 
Myrmonax, 277. 
Myrmopbila, 229. 
Myrmornis, 298. 
Myrmothera, 311. 
Myrmothermm, 229. 
Myrmotherula, 228, 

229. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

n&via (Gonopopbaga), 

291. 
naevia (Holerocnemis), 
274,275. 
niEvia (Hypocnemis), 
285,291,292. 
najvia (Pipra), 291. 
nrevia (Sitta), 275. 
ncevioides (Oonopo


pbaga), 293. 
nsevioides (Hypocnemis), 
285,293. 
naevius (Erionotus), 

197. 
nasvius (Holocnemis), 
275. 
nasvius (Lanius), 197. 
nasvius (Thamnophilus), 
192,107,198,199,200, 

201. 
naevius albiventris 
(Thamnophilus), 197. 
nasvius, var. gilvigaster 
(Thamnophilus), 201. 
nana (Oonopophaga), 

327. 
nana (Dendrornis), 133. 
nana (Grallaria), 327. 
nana (Grallaricula), 
320, 327. 
nanus (Megalonyx), 340. 
napensia (Oercomacra), 

2G3, 265. t 
nasalis (Nasioa), 156. 
Nasica, 118, 150. 
nematura (Lochinias), 

28, 29. 
nematura (Myiothera), 

28. 
Neoctantes, 178, 218. 
Neops, 110. 
niger (Neoctantes), 218. 
niger (Platyurus), 338. 
niger (Pteroptoehus), 
218. 
niger (Scytalopus), 338. 
niger (Thamnophilus), 
183. 
niger (Xenops), 218. 
nigerrimus (Mynnelastes), 
189. 
nigreseens (Thamnophilus), 
180. 
nigricans (Oercomacra), 
263, 267. 
nigricans (Thamnophilus), 
201. 
nigriceps (Thamnophilus), 
192, 194. 
nigricollis (Formieivora), 
249,250. 

nigricristatus (Thamnophilus), 
206,209. 
nigrifrons (Formicarius), 
302,303. 
nigrifumosa (Synallaxis), 
45, 46. 
nigrifumosuB (Cillurus), 

22. 
nigrifumosus (Opetiorhynchus), 
22. 
nigrigenys (Oonopophaga), 
330, 334. 
nigrocincta (Oonopophaga), 
335. 
nigrocincta (Corythopis), 

335. 
nigro-cinereus (Thamnophilus), 
192, 193, 194. 
nigro-fasciata (Certhilauda), 
6. 
nigrofuraosa (Upucerthia), 
21. 
nigrofumosus (Oinclodes), 
21, 22. 
nigrolin eata (Grallaria), 
320, 321. 
nigromaculata (Myothera), 
299. 
nigromaculata (Phlogopsis), 
299, 300. 
nigromaculatiiB (Foraiicarius), 
299. 
nigropectus (Anabates), 

215. 
nigropectus (Biastes), 
215. 
nigropectus (Biatas), 
214,215. 
Nisius, 180. 
nobilis (Oliamasza), 307, 

308. 
notuta (Phlogopsis), 
299. 
notatus (Pieolaptes), 
138. 
notodelos (Lanius), 209. 
nuchalis (Grallaria), 
316,317. 
nudiceps (Gvrnnocichla), 
271/272. 
nudiceps (Myiothera), 
272, 
nudiceps (Pyriglena), 

272. 
Nuthatch, Surinam, 
231. 
obscura (Sylvia), 340. 
obscurata (Lochmias), 

28. 
obscurus (Scytalopus), 
338, 340. 
obsoleta (Leptoxyura), 

02, 03. 
obsoleta (Sylvia), 63. 
obsoleta (Synallaxis), 63. 
obsoletus (Dendroeola


ptes), 117,173. 
obteetus (Pieolaptes), 

146. 
ocellata (Dendrornis), 
128,136,137. 
ocellatus (Dendrocolaptes), 
136. 
Ochetorhynchus, 16. 
ochroblepharus (Oichlo


colaptes), 105. 
ochrolamius (Anabates), 
92, 94. 
ochrolaamus (Automolus), 
88,92/93. 
ochrolsemus (Philydor), 

92. 
ochroleuca (Grallaria), 
320, 324. 
ochroleueus (Myioturdus), 
324. 
oleagineus (Anabazenops), 
105, 106. 
olivacea (Chainceza), 

307. 
olivacea (Dendrocincla), 
162,166. 
olivaceus (Dendrocops), 

164. 
olivaceus (Dysithamnus), 
220, 222. 
olivaceus (Sittosomus), 
118, 119. 
olivaceus (Thamnophilus), 
222. 
olivascens (Sclerurus), 

no. 

olivascens (Synallaxis), 

38, 39. 
Ommatornis, 350. 
Opetiorjnchos, 10. 
orbignii (Siptornis), 64, 

65, 06. 
orbignii (Synallaxis), 65, 

60. 
orbignyanus (Nasica), 
127. 
ornata (Formieivora), 
236. 
ornata (Hypocnemis), 
236. 
ornata (Myrmotherula), 
230, 234, 236. 
ornata (Miopias), 236. 
ornatus (Oxyurus), 30. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Orthocolaptes, 169. 
orthonyx (Aeropteniis), 
330/851. 
orthonyx (Merulaxis), 

361. 
orthonyx (Pteroptochus), 
351. 
orthonyx (Triptorhinus), 
351. 
Othello, 180. 
oi hello (Batara), 183. 
othello (Tanmophilus), 
183. 
Otipne, 77. 
Oxypyga, 113. 
Oxyurus, 29. 
palikour (Myioturclus), 

298. 
pallescens (Dendrocolaptes), 
170, 171. _ 
palliate. (Dendromis), 
136, 
palliatus (Cillurus),20. 
palliatus (Cinclodes), 

21,26. 
palliatus (Dendromis), 

127. 
palliatus (Lanius), 212. 
palliatus (Thamnophilus), 
207, 212. 
pallida (Siptomis), 58, 

59. 
pallida (Synallaxis), 59. 
pallida (Upucerthia), 16. 
pallidigularis (Automolus), 
88, 94. 
pallidirostris (Dendrornis), 
129. 
pallidus (Formicarius), 

303. 
palpebrals (Schizceaca), 
31,32. 
palpebralis (Synallaxis), 

32. 
panerythrus (Philydor), 
96, 100. 
paradoxus (Leptonyx), 

351. 
paradoxus (Merulaxis), 
351. 
paradoxus (Pteroptoehus), 
351. 
paradoxus (Triptorhinus), 
351. 
paradoxus (Troglodytes), 

351. 
paranensis (Leptasthenura), 
37. 
pardalotus 
(Dendrocopus), 
134. 


pardalotus (Dcndrornis), 
127, 133, 134, 135, 

136. 
pardalotus (Nasica), 
135. 
Parulus, 37. 
parvirostris (Picolapies), 
147, 150. 
patagonioa (Moiacilla), 

patagonioa (Siptornis), 
(55, 09. 
patagonioa (Synallaxis), 

69. 
patagonicus (Cillurus), 
22. 
patagonicus (Oinclodes), 
21, 22, 25. 
paucalensis (Synallaxis), 
56, 57. 
pectinicaudus (Sittasomus), 
119. 
pectoralis (Glyphorliynchus), 
124, 125. 
pectoralis (Herpsilochmus), 
245, 247. 
pectoralis (Myiothera), 

297. 
pectoralis (Myrmothera), 
297. 
pectoralis (Pithys), 297. 
pectoralis (Thamnophilus), 
213. 
pectoralis (Turdus), 297. 
pelzelni (Myrmeciza), 

278, 283. 

Percnostola, 228, 272. 

perlata (Margarornis), 

121, 122, 123. 
perlatus (Sittasomus), 


121. 
perroti (Dendrocincla), 
141. 
perroti (Ilylexetastes), 
141. 
perrotii (Dendrocolaptes), 
141. 
perrotii (Xiphocolaptes), 

141. 
perrotti (Dendrexetastes), 
141. 
personata (Myiothera), 
289. 
perspicillata (Conopophaga), 
334. 
perspicillata (Grallaria), 
320, 323, 325. 
perspicillata (Grallaricula), 
325. 
perspicillata 
(Myiothera), 
334. 


perspicillatus (Myioturclus), 
334. 
peruviana (Conopophaga), 
330, 331, 

332. 
peruviana (Geositta), 5, 
8. 
perm ianus (Picolapies), 
149. 
peruuanus (Pithys), 294. 
Petit Gobe-mouche fachdtu 
do Cayenne, 230, 
Petit Merle a gorge 
rousso do Cayenne, 

297. 
Phacellodomus, 79. 
Pliaoelodoraus, 74, 79. 
Philydor, 74, 96. 
Phlegopsih, 299. 
Phleocr\ptes, 33. 
Phlouocryptes. 3, 29, 33. 
Phlogopsis, 229, 299. 
phoenicura (Unicornis), 
26. 
phoenicura (Henicornis), 
26. 
phoenicura (Upucerthia), 
26, 27. 
phoenicurus (Eremobius), 

26. 
phryganophila (Sylvia), 
57. 
phryganophila (Synallaxife), 
57. 
picea (Pyriglena), 269, 

270. 
Picerthia, 28. 
piciroslris (Dendrocolaptes), 
139. 
picirof»tris (Dendroplex), 
138, 139. 
picoides (Gracula), 

138. 
Picolaptes, 118, 146. 
Picucule de Cayenne, Le, 
173. 
picumnus (Dendrocolaptes), 
169, 170, 171. 
pious (Dendroeolaples), 

139. 
picus (Dendroplex), 138, 
139. 
picus (Oriolus), 138. 
Pie-gneche hupee du 
Canada, 202. 
pileata (Formicivora), 

245. 
pileata (Leptasthenura), 
35, 36. 
pileata (Myiot hern), 


245. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

pileaius (furnarius), 11, 

pileatus (Herpsilochmus), 

244, 245, 246. 
pileatus (Lanius), 202. 
pileatus (Tharnnophilus), 

200, 245. 
Pithys, 229, 294. 
Pittasoma, 306, 309. 
Placellodomus, 79. 
plagosus (Dendrooo


laptes), 170, 172. 
platensis (Leptasthenura), 
35. 
platyrbynchns (Denclrocolaptes), 
170. 
platyrhynchus (Dendrocops), 
170. 
platyrostris (Dendrocolaptes), 
170. 
platyrostris (Dendrocops), 
170. 
platyryncha (Zeno


pnasia), 124. 
Platyurus, 343. 
plumbea (Myiothera), 


226. 
plumbeus (Dysithamnus), 
220, 226. 
plumbeus (Myrmelastes), 

193. 
plumbeus (Tharnnophilus), 
180, 192, 193. 
pcecilonota 
(Hypocnemis), 
284, 286, 287, 

296. 
pcecilonota (Myiothera), 
286. 
pceciloptera (Myiothera), 
232. 
poecilopterus (An thus), 4. 
poecilopterus (Geo bates), 
4. 
pcecilurus (Lanius), 203. 
poliocephala(Myiothera), 
221. 
polioeephala (Sphenura), 
97. 
poliocephalum (Dendroma), 
97. 
poliocephalus (Anabates), 

97. 
polionotus (Tharnnophilus), 
180. 
poliophrys (Synallaxis), 
38, 39. 
polystictus (Dendrornis), 
128, 135. 
Premnocopus, 169. 
princeps (Grralkria), 313, 

314. 
procerus (Lanius), 180. 
procerus (Xiphocolaptes), 

144. 
procurvoides (Xiphorhynchus), 
159. 
procurvus (Dendrocolaptes), 
158, 160. 
procurvus (Xyphorhynchus), 
158, 159,161. 
promeropirhynchus(
Dendroco'laptes), 144. 
promeropirhynchus 
(Xiphocolaptes), 141, 
144, 145. 

propinqua 
(Synallaxis), 
46,48. 
przewalskii (Grrallaria), 

311. 
Pseudocolaptes, 74, 77. 
Pseudoseisura, 85. 
Psilorhaniphus, 228, 
259. 
Pteroptochus, 337, 345. 
pucherani (Drymorms), 
161. 
pucherani (Xiphorhynchus), 
158,161. 
pudibunda (Siptornis), 
65, 67. 
pudibunda (Synallaxis), 

67. 
pudica (Synallaxis), 42, 
44, 45. 
pulchellus (Hypolophus), 

204. 
pulchellus (Tharnnophilus), 
202, 203,204. 
pulvericolor (Anabates), 

48. 
punctatus (Lanius), 197. 
punetatus (Tharnnophilus), 
188, 191. 
puncticeps (Dysithamnus), 
220, 223. 
puncticeps (Herpsilochmus), 
244. 
puncticeps (Picolaptes), 
147,151. 
puncticeps (Tharnnophilus), 
207, 212. 

puncticollis (Dendrocolaptes), 
169, 170, 171. 
punctigula (Dendrornis), 

131, 132. 
punctulata (Rhopothera), 

291. 
punctuliger (Tharnnophilus), 
180. 
pusillus (Synallaxis), 59. 
pusilius (Xiphorhyn


chus), 158, 160. k 

Pygarrhichus, 126. 
Pygarrhicus, 118, 126. 
pygmasa (Forrnicivora), 

230. 
pygmsea (Muscicapa), 
230. 
pygrnsea (Myrniotherula), 
229, 230. 
pygmaeum (Myrmotherium), 
230. 
Pygoptila, 178, 217. 
Pyriglena, 228, 269. 
pyrrhodes (Anabates), 

99. 
pyrrhodes (Philydor), 
96, 99, 100. 
pyrrhonota (Myrmofcherula), 
230, 236. 
pyrrhophius 
(Dendrocopus), 
104, 117. 

quadriyitta (Formicivora), 
231. 
quitensis (Grrallaria), 

318. 
quixensis (Forrnicivora), 
248, 249, 256. 
quixensis (Pyriglena), 

256. 
quixensis 
(Tharnnophilus), 
256. 

radiatus (Tharnnophilus), 
206, 209, 210. 
radiolatus (Dendroco


laptes), 170, 174, 175. 
Ramphocaenus, 260. 
rectirostris (Dendroco


pus), 139. 
rectirostris (Furnarius), 

10. 
rectirostris (Limnornis), 
76, 77. 
rectirostris (Opetiorynchus), 
10. 
rectirostris (Troglodytes), 
261. 
regulus (Grallaria), 313, 

314. 
rex (Colobathris), 315. 
rex (Grrallaria), 311, 
316. 
rex (Myioturdus), 315, 
316. 
rex (Turdus), 315. 
Rbampboesenus, 228, 
260. 
Rhegmatorhina, 296. 
Rhinocrypta, 337, 347. 
rhinolopha (Myiothera), 
343. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

rhinolophus (Merulaxis), 

343. 
rhinolophus (Sarochalinus), 
343. 
rhinolophus (Scytalopus), 
o4o. 
Rhinomya, 347. 
Rhopias, 229. 
Rhopocbares, 180. 
Rhopoterpe, 229, 298. 
rikeri (Berlepschia), 79. 
rikeri (Picolaptes), 79. 
rivularis (Cillurus), 23. 
rivularis (Cinclodes), 23, 

24. 
rohdei (Thamnophilus), 
184, 187. 
Roi des Fourmilliers de 
Cayenne, 313. 
rostripallens (Dendrornis), 
127, 129, 130. 
Rouge-queue de Cayenne, 
46, 47. 
rubecula (Leptonyx), 

346. L * h 
rubecula (Megalonyx), 
346. 
rubecula (Pteroptocbus), 
345. 
ruber (Anumbius), 80. 
ruber (Fumarius), 80. 
ruber (Pbacellodomus), 
82. 
ruber (Phacelodoinus), 
80, 82. 
rubidus (Automolus), 88, 

91. 
rubiginosa (Margarornis), 
121, 122. 
rubiginosus (Anabates), 

91. 
rubiginosus (Automolus), 
88, 89, 91, 92. 
rubiginosus (Dendrocolaptes), 
146. 
rubiginosus (Lanius), 

207. 
rubricaudatus (Dendrocopus), 
117. 
rufa (Ellipura), 250. 
rufa (Formicivora), 250. 
rufa (Myiothera), 250. 
rufa (Synallaxis), 68. 
rufater (Thamnophilus), 

250. 
rufatra (Forrnicivora), 
248, 250. 
rufescens (Automolus), 

100. 
rufescens (Thamnistas), 
215. 
ruficapilla (Grallaria), 
311, 320, 321. 
ruficapilla (Synallaxis), 
37, 38, 39, 41, 42. 
ruficapilla nigro-linoata 
(Grallaria), 321. 
ruficapillus (Hypsibemon), 
320. 
ruficapillus (Thamnophilus), 
207, 213, 214. 
ruficauda (Cereomacra), 

283. 
ruficauda (Formicivora), 
248. 
ruficauda (Leptoxyura), 
51. 
ruficauda (Myiothera), 
281. 
ruficauda (Myrrneciza), 
278, 281, 283. 
ruficauda (Ochetorhynchus), 
20. 
ruficauda (Synallaxis), 
37, 51. 
ruficauda (TJpucerthia), 
16, 17, 20. 
ruficaudatus (Anabates), 

100. 
ruficaudatus (Automolus), 
100. 
ruficaudatus (Philydor), 
96, 100,101. 
ruficaudus (Anabates), 

100. 
ruficaudus (Glyphorynchus), 
124. 
ruficaudus (Opetiorynchus), 
12. 
ruficeps (Conopophaga), 

334. 
ruficeps (Dendroeincla), 
162,164. 
ruficeps (Formicarius), 

302. 
ruficeps (Grallaria), 316, 
317. 
ruficeps (Megalonyx), 
349. 
ruficeps (Myiothera), 
302. 
ruficeps (Parulus), 39, 
42. 
ruficeps (Sphenura), 38. 
ruficeps (Thamnophilus), 
181. 
ruficollaris (Xenops), 
83. 
ruficollis (Anabazenops), 
105. 
ruficollis (Philydor), 
97. 
ruficollis (Thamnophilus), 
199. 
rulidorsis (Myrmothera), 

236. 
rufifrons (Anabates), 
80. 
rufifrons (Anumbius), 
80. 
rufifrons (Phacollotlomus), 
80. 
rufifroii8(Phacclodomus), 
80, 81. 
rufifrons (Turdua), 273. 
rufifrons (Xenops), 97. 
rufigenis (Siptornis), 59, 

60. 
rufigenis (Synallaxis), 
37, 60. 
rufigula (Anoplops), 

297. 
rufigula (Gymnopithys), 
296, 297. 
rufigula (Turdus), 297. 
rufigularis (Pithys), 297. 
rufigularis (Sclerurus), 

115. 
rufigularis (Sphenopyga), 
70. 
rufimarginata (Formicivora), 
247. 
rufimarginata (Myothera), 
247. 
rufitnarginatus 
(Herpsiloclimus), 
245, 247, 

248. 
rufipectus (Formicarius), 
302, 306. 
rufipennis (Geobamon), 
7,8. 
rufipennis (Geositta), 5, 

7. 
rufipennis (Phacellododomus), 
83. 
rufipennis (Pbacelodomus), 
80, 83. 
rufipennis (Siptornis), 
62, 63. 
rufipennis (Synallaxis), 

63. 
rufiventer (Thamnophilus), 
256. 
rufiventris (Dysithamnus), 
265. 
rufiventris (Pyriglena), 

256. 
rufiventris (Rhamphocffjnus), 
260, 261. 
rufiventris (Scolopacimis), 
261. 
rufo-brunneus 
(Automolus), 
87, 89. 


368 

rufo-brimncus (Philydor), 
89. 
rufo-cinerea (Grallaria), 
316, 317. 
rufodorsalis (Xiphorhynchus), 
158. 
rufogularis (Megalonyx), 

346. 
rufogularis (Synallaxis), 

70. t 
rufo-olivacea (Dendrocincla), 
165,166. 
rufo-superciliata (Xenicopsis), 
105. 
rufo-superciliatus (Anabazenops), 
105, 106. 
rufo-superciliatus (Xenops), 
105. 
rufo-superciliatus cabanisi 
(Anabazenops), 
105, 
rufula (Grallaria), 316, 

319. 
rufulus (Hypsibemon), 

319. 
rufus (Furnarius), 10, 

rufus (Megalonyx), 350. 
rufus (Merops), 11. 
rufus (Opetiorynckus), 

12. 
rufus (Philydor), 90, 97. 
rufus (Thamnophilus), 

179. 
rufus (Turdus), 273. 
rufus (Dendrocopus), 97, 

117. 
rupestris (Opefciorhyncbus), 
22. 
rupestris (Uppucerfchia), 


22. 
rusbyi (Conopopbaga), 


330. 
russeola (Sylvia), 51. 
rutioilla (Siptornis), 62. 
ruticilla (Spbenura), 02. 
rutioilla (Synallaxis), 62. 
rutilans (Synallaxis), 

57. 
rutilans (Xenops), 111, 
rutilus (Thamnophilus), 

207. 
rutilus (Xenops), 110, 

111. 

st.-hilarii (Furnarius), 

28. 
sancti-marthfo (Kharnphocajnus), 
262. 
sancti-thomaj (Dendrocolaptes), 
170, 174. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

sancti-thom© (Dendrocops), 
174. 
Sarochalinus, 343. 
saturata (Heterocnemis), 
275,276. 
saturates (Xiphocolaptes), 
142. 
saturninus (Thamnophilus), 
180. ^ 
saxicolina (Cxeositta), 5, 

8. 
sealaris (Lanius), 213. 
scaiaris (Thamnophilus), 

213. 
scandens (Dendrocopus), 

173. 
scandens (Gracula), 173. 
scansor (Oxypyga), 114. 
scapular is (Myiothera), 

247. 
scbistacea (Hypocnemis), 
284, 287. 
scbistaceus (Dysitihamnus), 
220, 224, 225. 
scbistaceus (Thamnophilus), 
224. 
scbisticolor (Pormicivora), 
240. 
Schizoeaca, 29, 31. 
Sehizura, 31. 
sebcenobcenus (Phlceo


•cryptes), 33,34. 
sclateri (Anabates), 95. 
sclateri (Automolus), 88, 

95. 

sclateri (Synallaxis), 70, 

71. 
sclateri (Thripophaga), 
83,84. 
sclateri (Xiphocolaptes), 
142, 143. 
Solerurus, 113. 
Scolopaeinus, 260. 
scrutator (Tbripadectes), 
102, 103. 
scutata (Synallaxis), 46, 
49, 50. 
Scytalopus, 337. 
semicinerea (Leptoxyura), 
49. 
semicinerea (Synallaxis), 
46, 49. 
seinicinereus (Dysithamnus), 
220, 221, 222. 
semieinnamomeus (Pseudocolaptes), 
78. 
semirufus (Philydor), 

100. 
setnitorquatus (Rbamphoesenus), 
200, 262. 
senilis (Merulaxis), 340. 

senilis (Scytalopus), 338, 

340. 
serrana (Upucerthia), 

19. 
serva (Pvriglena), 269, 

271. 
setaria (Leptasthenura), 

34. 
setaria (Synallaxis), 34. 
seticauda (Motacilla), 

30. 
severus (Lanius), 183. 
sever us (Locbites), 183. 
severus (Tliamnophilus), 
180, 181, 183. 
Shrike, Spotted, 197. 
sibilatrix (PhaceUodonius), 
81. 
sibilatrix (Phacelodo^ 
mus), SO, 81. 
similis (Dendroplex), 

138. 
simplex (Grallaria), 320, 

322. 
simplex (Heterocnemis), 
m 276. 
simplex (Thamnophilus), 
192,197. 
siinplieiceps (Xipbocolaptes), 
142. 
sincipitalis (Phacellodomus), 
80. 
singularis (Synallaxis), 

58. 
Siptornis, 29, 58. 
Sittaeilla, 124. 
Sittasorous, 118. 
Sittelle Hofmanseg, Le, 


110. 
sittellus (Pygarrhichus), 

126. 
Sittosomus, 118. 
sordida (Siptornis), 58, 

65, 68. 

sordida (Synallaxis), 66, 

68. 
sororia (Locbmias), 28. 
souleyeti (Picolaptes), 
147, 152. 
souleyeti (Tbripobrotus), 


152. 
souleyetii (Dendrocolaptes), 
152. 
speciosa (Pormicivora), 
248, 251. 
speluncas (Malacorhynchus), 
339. 
speluncas (Scytalopus), 
338, 339. 
Sphenopyga, 75. 
Spbenorynchus, 124. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

spinicauda (Motaeilla), 

30. 
spinicauda (Oxyurus), 29, 
80, 31. 
spinicauda (Synallaxis), 

80. 
spi\i (Dendrornis), 128, 
137. 
spixi (Picolaptes), 137. 
spixi (Synallaxis), 37, 
42. 
spodionota (Myrmotherula), 
229, 284. 
spodionotus (Dysithamnus), 
220, 222. 
spodioptila (Terenura), 
257, 258. 
Spotted Shrike, 197. 
squaraata (Eliipura), 

254. 
squamata (Formicivora), 
248, 249, 254. 
squamata (Myiothera), 

254:. 

squamatus (Dendrocolaptes), 
147. 
squamatus (Picolaptes), 
146, 147,148. 
squamatus (Thripobrotus), 
148. 
squamiger (Merulaxis), 

340. 
squamiger (Scytalopus), 
340. 
squamigera (Anabasitta), 
121. 
squamigera (Anabates), 
121. 
squamigera (Golobathris), 
312. 
squamigera (Grallaria), 
311, 312. 
squamigera (Margarornis),
12l, 122. # 
squamigera (Myiotrichas), 
312. 
squamosa (Myrmeciza), 
278,281. 
squamulata (Lochmias), 

28. 
stagurus (Lanius), 187. 
stagurus(Thainnophilus), 
187. 
stellaris (Dysithamnus), 
226. 
stellaris (Thamnophilus), 
192,195, 217, 226. 
slellata (Hypocnemis), 
285, 293. 
stellata (Margarornis), 
121,122. 
VOL. XV. 

stietocephal u s (Tha umophilus), 
180. 
stictolaiiuus (Sittosomus), 
118, 120. 
stictoptilus (tpoborus), 

90. 
stictothorax (Synallaxis), 
40,49. 
sticturus (Herpsilochmus), 
245. 
sticturus (Thamnophilus), 
180. 
striata (Batara), 180. 
striata (Eliipura), 252. 
striata (Enicornis), 26. 
striata (Formicivora), 

249, 252, 253. 
striata (Synallaxis), 34, 

77. 
striata (Vanga), 180. 
striaticeps (Anumbius), 
8L 
striaticeps (Automolus), 
87,90. 
striaticeps (Dysithamnus), 
220, 228. 
striaticeps (Phacellodoraus), 
81. 
striaticeps (Phacelodomus), 
80, 81. 
striaticeps (Phleocryptes), 
63. 
striaticeps (Siptornis\ 62, 
63, 69. 
striaticeps (Synallaxis), 

63. 
striaticollis (Anabates), 
108. 
striaticollis (Anabazenons), 
105, 108. 
striaticollis (Anumbius), 

82. 
striaticollis (Phacellodomus), 
82. 
striaticollis (Phacelodomus), 
80, 82. 
striaticollis (Pbilydor), 

108. 
striaticollis (Siptornis), 
58, 59, 61. 
striaticollis (Synallaxis), 

01. 
striatothorax (Thamnophilus), 
220. 
striatus (Anabates), 83. 
striatus (Thamnophilus), 

252, 285. 
strictothorax (Myothera), 

220. 
strictothorax 
(Thamnophilus), 
220. 

strigilat a (Formicivora), 
248,251,252. 
strigiiata (Myiothera), 
251,307. 
strigilatus (Ancistrops), 
103, 104. 
strigilutus (Thamnophilus), 
103, 104. 
etriolata (Sphenura), 

83. 
striolata (Synallaxis), 
34. 
striolata (Thripophaga), 
83. 
striolatus (Anabates), 
83. 
striolatus (Leptorhynchus), 
257. 
striolatus (Xenops), 

83. 
subalaris (Anabates), 
108. 
subalaris (Anabazenops), 
105, 108. 
subanclinus (Thamnophilus), 
191. 
subandmus major 
(Thamnophilus), 191. 
subcristata (Siptornis), 

62. 
subcristata (Synallaxis), 
62. 
subfasciatus (Thamnophilus), 
207, 214. 
subflava (Hypocnemis), 

284. 
subflavescens (Philydor), 
96. 
subfulvus (Philydor), 96, 
101. 
subplumbeus (Dysithamnus), 
220, 226. # 
subprocurvus (Xiphorhynchus), 
159. 
subpudica (Synallaxis), 
42, 44, 45. 
suhradiatus (Thamnophilus), 
209. 
subuiata (Sphenura), 90. 
subulatus (Automolus), 

87, 90. 
sulphurascens (Automolus), 
87, 95. 
sulphurascens (Ipoborus), 
95. 
sulphurascens (Sphenura), 
95. 
sulphurifera (Siptornis), 

69. 
sulphurifera (Synallaxis), 
69. 
2B 
870 

superciliaris (Formiciyora), 
250. 
superciliaris (Furnarius), 

12. 
superciHaris(Mjiothera), 
m\ 

superciliaris (Philydor), 

96. 
superciliaris(Scytalopus), 
338, 342. 
superciliaris (Sphenura), 

96. 
superciliosa(Heliobletus), 
104. 
superciliosa (Synallaxis), 
38, 41. 
superciliosus (Dendrocolaptes), 
104, 117. 

Surinam Nuthatch, 231. 

surinamense (Myrmo


therium), 231. 

surinamensis (Myrmo


therula), 229, 231,232. 

surinamensis (Sitta), 231. 

surinamensis multostri


ata (Myrmotherula), 
231, 232. 
susurrans (Dendrocolaptes), 
133. 
susurrans (Dendrornis), 
127, 133, 134. 
swainsoni (Myrnieciza), 

278. 
swainsonii (Thamnophilus), 
183. 
sylvestris (Scytalopus), 
338,341. 
Sybiaxis, 337. 
sylviellus (Dendroeola


ptes), 119. 
sylviellus (Sittasomus), 

119. 
sylvioides (Sittasomus), 
119. 
Sylviorthorhynchus, 29, 
31. 
Synallaxis, 29, 37. 
Synallaxis, sp., 40. 
Tachet, Le, 197. 
tzeniopterus (Myiotur


dus), 301. 
Talapiot, Le, 138. 
tambillanus (Dysitham


nus), 219. 
Taraba, 180. 
tarnii (Hylactes), 348, 

349. 
tarnii (Leptonyx), 349. 
tarnii (Pteroptochus), 
349. 
ALPHABETICAL IKDEX. 

tecellata (Synallaxis), 57. 
temmincki (Cladoscopus), 

140. 
temtnmcki (Dendrexetastes), 
140, 141. 
temininckii (Dendrocolaptes), 
140. 
teniminckii (Sittasomus), 

119. 
temporalis (Anabates), 
107. 
temporalis (Anabazenops), 
105, 107. 
tenuifasciatus (Thamnophilus), 
211. 
tenuipunctatus (Thamnophilus), 
207, 211. 
tenuirostris (Certhilauda), 
9. 
tenuirostris (Dendrocolaptes), 
137, 151. 
tenuirostris (Geositta), 5, 

9. 
tenuirostris (Picolaptes), 
146,147,151. 
tenuirostris (Thripobrotus), 
151. 
Terenura, 228, 257. 
terrestris (Synallaxis), 50, 

54, 5b. 
terricolor (Synallaxis), 48. 
tetema (Myiothera), 302. 
tetema (Myioturdus), 

302. 
tetema (Myrmothera), 
302. 
Tetema de Cayenne, Le, 
302. 
Tbamnarchus, 179. 
Thamnistes, 178, 215. 
Tbamnocharis, 306, 310. 
Thamnomanes, 178, 226. 
thamnopbiloides (Myiothera), 
288. 
Thamnophilus, 177, 180. 
thelotii (Synallaxis), 35. 
theresas (Conopophaga), 

292. 
theresse (Hypocnemis), 
285, 292. 
thoracicus (Formicarius), 

301. 
thoracicus (Liosceles), 
344, 345. 
thoracicus (Pteroptochus), 
344. 
thoracicus (Sipborhynchus), 
159. 
Thripadectes, 74, 102. 
Thripobrotus, 146. 
Thripophaga, 74, 83. 

Tinactor, 113. 

tinniens (Colobathris), 

322. 
tinniens (Grallaria), 321. 
tinniens (Myioturdus), 
322. 
tinniens (Pitta), 321. 
tinniens (Turdus), 321. 
tintinnabulata (Hypocnemis), 
285. 
tintinnabulatus (Turdus), 

285. 
tithys (Synallaxis), 37. 
torquata (Corythopis), 
337. 
torquata (Melanopareia), 
56. 
torquata (Bhopoterpe), 
298. 
torquata (Synallaxis), 56. 
torquatus (Formicarius),, 
298. 
torquatus (Microbates), 
263. 
torquatus (Rhopochares), 
213. 
torquatus (Thamnophilus), 
180,207,213, 214. 
torrida (Conopophaga), 

331. 
torridus (Furnarius), 11, 
15. 
transandeanus (Diallactes), 
185. 
transandeanus (Thamnophilus), 
184, 185. 

Trepadore comun, 155. 

Trepadore grande, 145. 

Trepadore pico corto, 139. 

triangularis (Dendro


colaptes), 132. 

triangularis (Dendror


nis), 127, 131, 132. 
triangularis (Nasica), 132. 
triangularis (Picolaptes), 

132. 
tricolor (Furnarius), 10, 
13. ^ 
trifasciata (Drymophila) 
269. _ 
trinitatis (Rhamphocsenus), 
260. 
Triptorhinus, 337, 351. 
tristis (Thamnophilus), 

192,195. 
trivittata (Phlogopsis), 
299, 300. 
trivittatus (Formicarius), 

300. 
trochilirostris 
(Dendrocolaptes), 
159. 

A L PIT A BEX J CAL INDEX. 

trochilirostris (Xiphorhynchus), 
158, 159, 
160, 161. 
troglodytoides (Synallaxis), 
37. 
tschudii (Thamnophilus), 
188, 191. 
tupinieri (Synallaxis), 30. 
turdina (Dendrocincla), 
162, 167, 168. 
turdinus (Anabates), 93. 
turdinus (Autoraolus), 
88, 93. 
turdinus (Dendrocolaples), 
167. 
turdinus (Dryocops), 167. 
turdinus (Dryocopus), 

167. 
turdinus (Philydor), 92, 

93. 
tyrannina (Cercomacra), 
263, 265, 266. 
tyrannina (Dendrocincla), 
162, 164, 165. m 
tyrannina (Pyriglena), 

265. 
tyranninus (Dendrocops), 

164. 

umbretta (Myiothera), 

114. 
umbretta (Sclerurus), 
113,114, 115. 
undulatus (Dendrocolaptes), 
173. ^ 
undulatus (Lanius), 179. 
undulatus (Premnocopus), 
173. 
undulatus (Scytalopus), 

341. 
undulatus (Thamnophilus), 
179, 182. 
uncluliger (Thamnophi* 
lus), 181, 182. 
unicolor (Pysithamnus), 
220, 225. 
unicolor (Myrmothera), 

243. 
unicolor (Myrmotberula), 
230, 243. 

unicolor (Thamnophilus), 

225. 
unirufa (Synallaxis), 50, 
52, 53. 
unirufus (Anabates), 85. 
unirufus (Homorus), 86. 
Upucerthia, 3, 4, 16. 
urosticta (Formicivora), 

242. 
urosticta (Myrmophila), 

242. 
urosticta (Myrmotherula), 
230, 242. 

validirostris (Ochetorhynchus), 
18. 
validirostris (Picolaptes), 

130. 
validirostris (Upucerthia), 
16, 18. 
valid us (Dendrocolaptes), 
170, 172. 
valid us (Dendrocops), 

172. 
varia (G-rallaria), 311, 
313, 315, 316. 
variegata (Drymophila), 

252. 
variegata (Myiothera), 

247. 
variegaticeps (Anabazenops), 
105,106. 
varius (Formicarius),313. 
venezuelensis (Xipborhynchus), 
158. 
ventralis (Thamnophilus), 
200. 
vigorsii (Thamnophilus), 

179. 
virgata (Formicivora), 


248. 
virgata (Siptornis), 70, 

71. 
virgata (Synallaxis), 71. 
virgaticeps (Thripadectes), 
102, 103. 
virgatus (Philydor), 96. 
virgatus (Xiphocolaptes), 

142. 

viridis (Thamnophilus\ 

183. 
vulgaris (Oinclocles), 23. 
vulgaris (Oonopophaga), 

333. 
vulgaris (Opetiorbynchus), 
23. 
vulgaris (Upucerthia), 23. 
vulpecula (Synallaxis), 

52. 
vulpina (Synallaxis), 50, 

52. 

wagleri (Dendrocolaptes), 
147. 
wagleri (Picolaptes), 148. 
Wall-creeper of Surinam, 

275. 
Warbler, Magellanic, 338. 
warcewiezi (Picolaptes), 

149. 
warscewiczi (Thripobrotus), 
149. 
warszewiczi (Picolaptes), 

149. 
weddellii (Dendrornis), 


136. 
whitii (Synallaxis), 46,50. 
wyatti (Siptornis), 70,71. 
wyatti (Synallaxis), 71. 

xanthopterus (Dysithamnus), 
220, 223. 
Xenerpestes, 29, 73. 
Xenicopsis, 105. 
Xenops, 74, 110. 
xenops (Anabates), 104. 
Xiphocolaptes,2,118,142. 
Xiphorhynchus, 118,158. 

yarrellii (Myiothera), 282. 

zeledoni (Pittasoma), 309, 

310. 
Zenophasia, 124. 
zononota (Dichrozona), 


229. 

END OF THE FIFTEENTH VOLUME. 

PRINTED BY TAYLOK AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 

LIST OF PLATES. 

Plate Page 
I, Geositta crassirostris 10 

II. Purnarius torridus 15 
III. Synallaxis adusta 55 
IV. Siptornis subcristata* G2 
V. Phacelodomus rafipeniiis 83 
YI. Atitomolus holostictus 89 
VII. rubidus 91 

VIII. Philydor erythronotus 99 

IX. consobrinus 98 
X. Dendrornis polysticta 135 
XL Thamnophilus aethiops, 1 6, % $ 190 


XII. nigriceps 194 
XIIL insignis, U,2 ? 199 
XIV. albinuchalis, 1 6, 2 $ 204 
XV. Myrmotherula erythrura, 1 ^,2 $ 236 
XVI. Hypocnemis lepidonota, 1 tf, 2 $ 287 


XVII. Grallaria haplonota 315 


XVIII. erythrotis 319 


XIX. rufo-cinerea 317 


XX. fulviventris 323 


* Synallaxis subcristata on the Plate. 

Bwds B.M.Vol.XV. PI.I. 

*ftM* 

J. Smit del. etlith. 
Mmtern Bros. Qnromo. 

GeosiMa crassu-cstris. 

PLE.

Birds B.M.YoUT. 

Bro s . CharoTrui). 

J Smit del. et litk-

Famaruxs tm -vuhis. 

Birds B.MVoLXV. 

run. 

J. S/m± del.8t]}th. 
Mintem. Bros. Chromo 

SynalLojOas axhistoj 

PI. W. 

Bwds B.M.Vci.W. 

""v. 

* 

• Smit del. etlitk. MxrxterrL Sros . Chrome 
SyruaKaods subaristata 

Fl.V. 

Birds B.MJol.IV. 

Min-tern. Bros. Chxomo. 
J. Smit deL.etlith. 
TkxtceUodonius rutipmms, 

Birds B.M.Vol.IV. PI. VI. 

Minfcern. Bros. CKromo-

J. Smit ilel.et litX. 
Jkdbomjobxs fwlosiridtjasa 

PI. W.

Birds B.'M. Vol.M 

J Emit del.et jitk. "MrrLtenaBrcs . Chromo 

Autxmivtus rubiAus. 

Birds ft.MVol.jy. 

n, 

J. Simt del et.tith. 
Mint em. Bros. Chromo 

Plulydor erythrojwtus 

Birds B.M Vol.IV. ?l . 11 

J.&ait dd.etM-, 

Minterrt Bros . Chromo. 

Pkilydcr coruso b rums. 

PLI.

Bir-dsB.MM.lv. 

• ;...' 
- Sunt del et litk 
MinterrL Etros. Clvramo 

Dendrvrms polystzcius. 

Birds B.M.VolJV. 

Pl.H. 

f 
f 
:r^ 

J.-Strut del.etlitK. 

Miriam Bros. Giro 

Thccmnophxhis xthzops, 14 2 ?. 

n. in.
Birds B.MVol.2V. 

MirrLerrL Bros . Chromo 

J. Smit del et litk.. 
Thccmrwpidius wjjrueps 

Birds B.MVoLX\ pi. m. 

J, Smit del. et lith IU W ™ n 
r\ 
rp, -, ., •••'•• * a 
o n Mintem. Bros. Chromo. 
1 tuuniivpruius vyisvgjws. / c>, I ?. 

Birds B.M.VoUW. 

n.m. 
. J. Smit del. et litk. 

ThxutmwpJwtus cdbinnrfialis,';'<?, 2'?. 

PI. 3:

Birds B.M.Vd.JV. 

MirrberrL Bros . ChromD


?Smit del.et litk. 

.Myrmxitheriila, erytlufwrct. 7c?, 2 ?. 

Birds. B.M.Vol.IV. 

MiaterrL Bros . Chromo 

jSmit del etlith. 

Rypocrverra.5 lepixborwtas; 7 c?, 2 ? 

Birds BiMVeLXr. 

PI. mi. 

J.omit del. et Kth Mintem Bros . Chro-mo. 

Grrcdlai^ixh iiaplorwtou. 

Birds B.M.YolJV. TIME. 

. et ]itk. Mint em. Bros. Cluromo 

GraMar'icv erythrotis. 

Fl.IH.

BirdsB.M.V0I.M 

Mmterrv Bros . imp. 

J Smit dei.et lith_. 

GTOJLCWUIL r-ufo -aruerea 

PI. IX. 

Birch B.M.VolIV. 

"-~*~\ 

llPB-3-k...-K 

V 

Miatem Bros. imp. 

J. Sirut deLet litk. 
GrallajruL iiilviverdbris 

SELECTED LIST 

OJ'1 THE 

NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS 

Or THE TRUSTEES 0I< THE 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 


REPORT OH llie Zoological Collodions made in iho Indo-Paeitic 
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MAMMALS. 

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats. 21 "Woodcuts. 
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Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mammalia. 
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 SIOLUOTKI) LIST OF TUB NATU1UL IIISTOKY PUBLICATIONS. 

Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pccom, Linnaeus). By Dr. 

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Catalogue of the Birds. By R. Bowdlor Sharpo, H. Sccbohm, 

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REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS. 

Catalogue of the Cholonians, Rhyuchocephalians, and Crocodiles. 
New edition. By G. A. Boulongor. 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. 
1889, Svo. 15*. 

Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and extinct). By Dr. Giinther. 
54 Plates. 1877, 4to. £1 10s. 

Catalogue of the Lizards. Second edition. By G. A. Boulengor. 
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Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes. By Dr. Giinther. 1858, 12mo. 
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Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia. By Dr. Giinther. 12 Plates. 
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Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Pish. By Dr. J. J. Katip. 4 Plates. 
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SELECTED LIST OF THE NATURAL: HISTORY PUBLICATIONS. 3 

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Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca. Part I. By 
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POLYZOA. 
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa. Part III. Cyclostomata. By 

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Catalogue of Amphipodous Crustacea. By C. Spenco Bate. 58 
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Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira. By T. V. Wollaston. 
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Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries. By T. Y. 
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Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Colooptera. Part I. Lycidae. 
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Catalogue of Halticidae. By Rev. H. Clark. 9 Plates. 1860, 8vo. 
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Catalogue of Hispidas. By J. S. Baly. Part I. 9 Plates. 1858, 
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 SELECTED MSI OP THE NATTJBAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS. 

Jltjmeiiapteroiis Insects. 

Cataloguo of Hymonoptcrous Insects. By P. Smith. Parts I-VII. 
1853-59, 12mo. 2s. to 6s. a Part. 
Descriptions of New Spocics of Ilymenoptera. By F. Smith. 

1879, 8vo. 10s. 
List of Hymcnoptora, with, descriptions and figures of the Typical 
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16 coloured Plates. 1882, 8vo. ^ 1 18s. 

Lepidojiterous Insects. 

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heteroeera. By 

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Catalogue of Diurnal Lopidoptera of the family Satyriclas. By A. Gf. 

Butler. 5 Plates. 1868, 8vo. 5s. U. 
Catalogue of Diurnal Lopidoptera described by Fabricius. By A. Gf. 
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Specimen of a Catalogue of Lycsenida3. By W. C. Howitson. 8 col. 
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Ortlwpterons Insects. 

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects. Part I. Phasmidse. By J. 0. 

Westwood. 4S Plates. 1859,4to. £3. 

Catalogue of the Blattarico. By P. Walker. 1868, 8vo. 5s. Qd. 

Catalogue of Dermaptora Saltatoria and Supplement to the Blat


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. Part II. Locustido3 (continued). 1869, 8vo. 4s. Qd. 
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. Part V. Tettigidse, and Supplements. 1870, 8vo. 6s. 

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JJcmiptcrous J meets. 

Cataloguo of Hcteroptorous Hemipteru. By E. Walker. Paris 
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VERMES. 
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ANTHOZOA. 

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Ponnatulariidse. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 
Woodcuts. 1870, Svo. Is. Qcl. 
Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 
Woodcuts. 1870, Svo. 3*. 

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Catalogue of British. Eossorial Hymenoptera, Eormicidaj, and 
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Catalogue of British Non-parasitical Worms. By Dr. G. Johnston. 
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List of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum:— 
Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. E. Stephens. 2nd edition. 1856, 
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Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By E. Smith. 
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PLANTS. 

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 SELECTED LIST 03? THE NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS. 

FOSSILS. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia. By E. Lydekker. Parts I.-Y. 
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Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Eeptilia of 
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Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department. With 
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Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera. By T. Eupert Jones. 
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GUIDE-BOOKS. 

A GENERAL GUIDE to the British Museum (Natural History). With. 
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ZOOLOGICAL DEPAKTMENI. 

Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Ostoological, 
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Guide to the Gould Collection of Humming Birds. With Map 
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