Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum Volume XVII 1892 eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS BRITISH MUSEUM. VOLUME XVII. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1892, * « CATALOGUE OF THE P I C A R I M IN THE COLLECTION BRITISH MUSEUM. CORACIJl (contin.) AND HALCYONES, WITH THE FAMILIES LEPTOSOMATHLE, CORACIID^E, MEEOPID^E, ALCEDINIDJE, MOMOTIDJE, TODIDJS, AND COLIIDJE, BY R. BOWDLER SHARPE. BUCEROTES AND TROGONES 2 BY W. R. OGILVIE GRANT. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUS1 SOLD BY LONG-MAN'S & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW; B. QUARTICH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ; KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD; AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W. 1892. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED HON COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. THE present Yolume contains an account of the remaining families of the suborder Goracice as understood by Seebohm, as well as of the Halcyones, Bucerotes, and Trogones. The numbers of the species of the nine families treated of, and of the specimens at present in the Collection, are as follows :— Species. Itypes- Specimens. Leptosomatidse 2 .. 16 Coraciidse, 25 7 663 Meropidse 36 5 692 Alcedinidse 183 57 3679 Momotidse 21 7 347 Todidas 5 1 41 Collide 10 2 104 BucerotidaB 68 12 1079 Trogonidao 47 19 1283 397 110 7904 Of these 397 species, only 16 are wanting to the collection of the Museum, and more than one-fourth of them are represented by the types; but besides these there are 30 other typical specimens now considered identical with previously named species. In many cases the series of specimens is sufficiently complete to illustrate the whole geographical range of a species—a result chiefly due to the accession of the great faunistic collections referred PREFACE. to in the previous volumes, and also to numerous recent donations, of which those made by the Lords of the Admiralty, Dr. Jayakar, W. D. Gumming, Esq., and Captain Mochler Ferryman should be specially mentioned. The Tweeddale Collection contained nearly the whole of the materials described in Dr. Sharpe's Monograph of the Alcedinidce. ALBEBT GOTIHEB, Keeper of the Department of Zoology. British Museum (N. H.)> June 1, 1892. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Order PICAKI^ (contin.). Suborder COKACLE (eimtin.). Fain. LEPTOSOMATIDJE, 1. Leptosonia, V. 1 I. discolor (Herm.) .... 1 a. gracile, Milne-JEdw. fy Oust 3 Fam, CoRACiiDiE. Subfam. I. BKACHYPTEBACIIK^. 1. Brachypteracias, Lafr. 1. leptosonius (Less.).. 2. Geobiastes, Sharpe 1. squamigera (Lafr.) 3. Atelornis, Pucher 1. pittoides (Lafr.) .. 2. crossleyi, Sharpe .. Subfam. II. COBACIINJE. 4. Coracias, L 9 1. indicus, L 10 2. affinis, McClell. 13 3. garrulus, L 15 4. abyssinicus, Bodd. 19 5. lorti, Shelley ... . 20,498 6. caudatus, L 21 7. spatulatus, Trimen 22 8. naevius. Baud. .. 24, 498 9. olivaceiceps, Sharpe .. 25 10. temmincki (Vieill.) .. 26 11. cyanogaster, Cuv 27 5. Eurystomus, V. 28 1. glaucurus (P. L. S. Mull) 29 2. afer (Lath.) 30 3. gularis, Vieill 32 4. orientalis (L.) 33 a. lastior, Sharpe 36 5. australis, Swains 36 6. calonyx, Hodgs 38 7. crassirostris, Scl 39 8. solomonensis, Sharpe.. 40 9. azureus, Gray 40 Fam. MEEOPJBJ, 1. Dicrocercus, Cab. # Heine 41 1. furcatus (Stanl.) .... 42 2. hirundmeus (Lieht.) .. 43 2. Melittophagus, Boie.. 44,498 1. meridionalis. Sharpe .. 45 2. pusillus (P. L.S.Mull.) 47 3. cyanostictus, C# &.. 48,498 4. variegatus (Vieill.) .. 48 5. lafresnayi (GuSrin) .. 49 5a. oreobates, Sharpe 498 6. gixlaiis (ShatofyNodder) 50 7. bullocld (Vieill.) .... 51 8. frenatus (Hartl) .... 52 9. boleslavsldi (Pelz.) 53 10. albifrons (Cab. $ Heine) 53 11. revoilii, Oust ... . 54,499 12. lescbenaultii (Vieill.).. 55 13. swinboii {Hume) .... 55 3. Merops, Linn 58 1. muelleri (Cass.) 59 2. bicolor, Bodd 60 3. sumatranus, JRffffl 61 4. apfaster, L 63 bYSTBMATTC TNTDUX. 3. Alcedo, L \40 1. ispida, L HI a. flore.siana, Sharpe . . 15 i ~~ 2. ispidoides, Less % 152 3. semiiorquata, Swains. . 153 4. eurvzona, Temm Lo4 5. graiidis, Blyth 150 6. guentheri, Sharpe .... 150 — 7. quadribrachys, Bp. . . 157 8. meninting, Horsf. 157 9. beavani, Wald 100 10. beryllma, Vieill. 101 4. Corythornis, Kaup 102 1. cristata {L.) 102 2. cyanostigina (Rilpp.) . 1(>3 3. galerita (P. L. S. Mall) 100 5. Alcyone, Swains. . :. .. . 1(57 1. azurea,(X^.) .'..... 108 a. pulchra, Gould . . . . ] 09 2. lessoni^ Cass 170 3. affinis* Gray 171 4. pusilla (Temm.) 171 5. ncliardsi, Tristr 172 SllbfaiU. IT. DACKLONINiE. 0. Ceyx, Lacep 173 l.'tridactyla (Pall.) 174 2. dillwynni, Sharpe .... 177 3 euerythra, Sharpe .... 179 *-— 4. kmomimita, Salvad. . , 180 5. melanura, Kaup...... ] 80 0. basilaolca, Steere .... 18 L 7. cajeli, Wallace 182 8. wallacii, Sharpe 182 9. lepida, Temm 183 10. sacerdotis, Mamsay , . 184 11. malaniaui, Sfeere .... 184 12. bournsi, Steere 185 13. cyairipectns, Lafr 185 14. steerii, Sharpe 18715. argentata, Tweedd. .. 187 10. flumenicola, Steere .. 187 17. geutiana, Tristr 188 18. solitaria, Temm 188 7. Ceycopsis, Salvad. 190 1. fallax, Schl 190 8. Ispidina, Kaup ., 190 1. picta (Bodd.) ........ 191 2. natalensis (Smith).... 193 3. lencog&sier (Fraser) . . 193 4. madagaacariensis (X.) . 194 9. Myioceyx, Sharpe 195 1. ruficeps (Kartl.) .... 195 2. lecontii (Cass.) 190 5. pensions, Pall 0. Huperciliosus, X 7. philippiniiH, X 8. omatus, X«M. .. 9. albicollia, nW// 10. viridih, L 11. inuscattnihH Sharpe . . 8'2 12. cyan ipluy^O/Wj'/iVui. 83 j 13. boehmi, Meichen 83 14. natalensis, Reichenb. . , 84 | 15. nubicua, Gm 85, 499 * 458 10. eliionurus, Scl. § Sah. 460 11. bairdi, Lawr 461 12. citreolus, Gould 461 13. melanocephalus, Gould 462 14. caligatus, Gould 465 15. mendionalis, Swains... 467 16. ramonianus, Beville et DesMurs $ 468 17. variegatus, Spii."..... 468 18. boliviarms, Grant 470 19. surueura, Vieill, 471 20. aurantius, Spix 471 21. melanurus, Swains. .. 472 22. macrurus, Gould%. 474,500 23. massena, Gould., 474 24. clathratus, Salmi 476 6. Hapalo derma, Jgass 477 1. narina, Steph 477 2. constantia, Sharpe fy Ussher 479 3. vittatum, Shelley 480 7. Harpactes, Stoains 480 1. diardi (Temm.) .. 482,501 2. kasumba (Raffl.) .... 483 3. fasciatus (Penn.) * 485 4. ardens (Temm.)...... 487 5. -whitehead!, Sharpe 488, 501 6. erytlirocephalus (Gould) 488 7. diwauceli (Temm.) .. 491 8. orrhopheeus (Cab. fy Heine) 493 8 a. vidua, Grant 501 9. oreskios (Temm.) .... 494 9 a. dulitensis, Grank ... 502 8. Hapalarpactes,Ca&.#i2me 496 1. reinwardti (Temm.) .. 496 2. mackloti (MM.) .... 497 CATALOGUE BIRDS. Order PICARLE. (Cat. B. vol. xvi. p. 1.) Suborder CORACLE {continued). (Of. vol. xvi. p. 434.) Family LEPTOSOMATIDiE. Sexes different in colour, the dorsal plumage of the male metallic. Palate desmognathous. Feet semi-zygodactyle ; the outer toe cleft to the base and partly reversible; the inner toe united to the middle one along the basal joint. A powder-down patch on each side of the ramp. Xostrils exposed, linear, situated in the middle of the upper mandible, with a horny plate across the na^al opening instead of a membrane ; the loral plumes recurved and directed forward over the base of the culmen. Bill decurved; tomium straight, hooked slightly at the end ; genys straight for the basal half, gently ascending towards the end. Tail-feathers twelve. Banr/e. Confined to Madagascar. [One genus only.] 1. LEPTOS0MA. Type. LeptosoHius, VkilL Analyse, p. 28 (1816) L. di&color* Croinbus, Eeidienb. Handb., Merop. p. 51 (1852) L. discolor, Range. Confined to Madagascar, the islands of Mayotte and Anjuan, and Great Comoro. 1. Leptosoma discolor. Le Grand Ooucou de Madagascar, Brhs. Orn. iv. p. ICO, pi. 15, figs. 1, 2 (17G0); Daubent PL Enl vi. pis. 587, 586. Le Vonron-Driou, Month. Hist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 305 (177U). VOL. XVII. B LEPTOSOMATID^. Oucuius discolor, Henri. Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 186 (1777). African Ouckow cum var. A, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 532 (1782). Cuculus ameus, Botld. Tail PI Enl p. 86 (1783). Ouculus afer, Qm. S. N. i. p. 418 (1788). Le Vourong Driou, Levaill Ois. v. p. 24, pis. 226; 227 (180G); Sundev. Or it. om Levaill p. 49 (1857). Bucco africanus, Steph. in Skald's Gen. Zool ix. p. 25 (1815). Leptosomus vourong-clriou, Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat. xi. p. 145 (1818). Leptosomus afer, Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. lxxiv (1820); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 207 (1826) j Bp. Consp. p. 90 (1850); Hartl Faun. Mating, p. 63 (1861); Poch $ E. Neiot. Ibis, 1863, p. 453. Vourongdriou afer, Kuhl, Fig. Av. Col. Norn. Syst. p. 10 (1820). Leptosomus viridis, Vieill N. Diet, a"Hist. Nat. xxxvi. p. 251 (1819); id. # Oudart, Gal Ois. i. p. 29, pi. xl. (1825); Less. Traite, p. 134 (1831); Swai?is. Classif. B. iL p. 333 (1837). Leptosomus crombus. Less. Traite, p. 134 (1831). Crombus uiadagascariensis, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 52, tab. 485. fig. 3190 (1852). Leptosomus afer, Bp. Consp, Volucr. Zygod. p. 13 (1854). Leptosomus discolor, Cab.fy Heine, Mas. Ilein. Tli. iv. p. 57 (1862); ScL Ibis, 1864, p. 299; Hartl Vog. Madag. p. 255 (1877); Milne-Edw. # Grand. Hist. Nat. Madag., Ois. i. p. 224, pis. lxxxiii.- Ixxxviii. (1879) ; Milne-Edw. $ Oustalet, N. Arch. Mus. (2) vi. p. 233 (1888). Leptosoma discolor, Scl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 082; A. Newt. t. c. p. 834; Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 854; Sold. # Poll Fawn Madagt) Ois. p. 157 (1868); Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 77, no. 912 (1869); Sharpe. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 398; id. Ibis, 1871, p. 285; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 673 (pt.). Adult male. Crown of head, crested, dull plumbeous grey glossed with metallic green and copper; lores, cheeks, and a collar round the back of the neck dark ashy grey; entire back, scapulars, and least wing-coverts glossy green, everywhere tinged with shining coppery red; greater wing-coverts entirely coppery red; primary- coverts dull steel-green; quills greyish black, the inner web white at the base, the outer web glossed with green, as also the secondaries, which have the outer web coppery red like the scapulars; tail greyish black, strongly glossed with metallic green and slightly with coppery red ; entire under surface of body dark ashy grey, becoming white on the abdomen and under wing- and tail-coverts : " bill dark brown; tarsus brown in front, orange behind; soles orange; iris dark brown" (E. Newton). Total length 16 inches, culm en 1*7, wing 10, tail 8, tarsus 1-15. Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above rufous-brown, barred on the sides of the head and back of the neck with glossy black; crown of head for the most part black ; entire back brown, spotted with fulvous, and everywhere glossed with dull green and coppery-red shades: wing-coverts black, spotted with chestnut, glossed with coppery red; quills greyish black, white at the base of the inner web; secondaries barred and mar 1 . LEPTO&OMA. ft ginedwith chestnut and glossed with coppery red; tail brown, becoming black towards the tip, which is slightly edged with rufous; under surface of the body pale fawn-colour, everywhere spotted with glossy greenish black ; the flank-feathers whitish at the tip. Total length 17 inches, oilmen 1*75, wing 10*2, tail 8*5, tarsus 1-25. Young male, Resembles the old female, and has the head barred with rufous, the underparts spotted with black, and the wing- coverts edged with chestnut• but it differs in having the whole of the back ashy with green and coppery reflexions, though not so pronounced as in the adult male. The adult males from Madagascar and Mayotte have the wing from 10^ to 10-3 inches, and the females from 10-2 to 10-0 inches, so that it appears that the hen birds are a little the larger. Hab. Madagascar, Mayotte, and Anjuan Island. a. Jad.sk . N.Madagascar (A. Crossley). Sharpe Coll. b,c. <$ juv.; et East of Antananarivo, July. Rev. W. Deans 5 act. sk. Cowan [O.]. d. Jad.sk. Ankafana Forest, Betsileo, March 21 Shelley Coll. (W. Beans Cowan), e,fi <$ ad. et N.E. Madagascar (Van Bam), Shelley Coll. juv. &k. g. $ ad. sk. Madagascar. Mr. Gerrard [C.]. \ i, tf J ad. Mayotte, May, June (Pollen §• Van Tweeddale Coll. sk. Bam), k 13 juv.] sk. Anjuan Island (Sir J, Kirk), Shelley Coll. 1. 3 ad. sk. Madagascar. Sir J. Kirk [0.1. m. Skeleton. Anjuan Island. Sir J. Kirk [C.J. Subsp. a. Leptosoma gracile. Leptosomus discolor (nee Herm.)} Sci. Ibis, 1864, p. 209 • Shelley, P. Z. & 1879, p. 875 (pt.). Leptosomus gracilis, Milne-Eclw, fy Oust. C. P. Acad. Sci. ci. 1885, p. 220 (1885). Leptosomus discolor, var. gracilis, iid. Ann, Sci, Nat. Zool, 1887, art. no. 5, p. 219 ; iid, N. Arch. Mus. (2) x. p. 239 (1888). Adult male. Similar to L, discolor, but smaller. Total length 14-5 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 8*65-9, tail 7, tarsus 1*05. Adult female. Similar to the female of L. discolor, but differing in its smaller size, paler coloration, and chestnut tail, the latter clouded with blackish towards the ends and on the outer feather, a few bars being seen on. some of the tail-feathers also. Total length 14*5 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 8*4, tail 7, tarsus 1*1. The young male at first resembles the adult female and has the same chestnut tail, but the back is more ashy, and the quills are blackish, externally shot with green. Hab. Great Comoro Island. a} b. <$ ad. et Great Comoro Island. M. Humblot [O.]. juv. sk. 0) d, S $ ad. Great Comoro Island (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll. sk. B2 CORACIID^;. Family CORACIID^. Sexes similar in colour; the plumage of the upper surface nonmetallic. Bill Corvine in shape, culmen rounded; the tomium slightly curved and the genys also nearly straight, ascending gently towards the end. Palate desmognathous. Poet anisodactyle, the outer toe united to the middle toe at the extreme base; the inner toe united for its basal joint. ]STo powder-down patches. Oil-gland nude. Ambiens muscle absent. Nostrils placed near the base of the upper mandible, and hidden by bristly feathers. Tail-feathers twelve. Range. Temperate and tropical portions of the Old World. Key to tJie Subfamilies and Genera. a. Tarsus elongated, exceeding the middle toe in length. Habits terrestrial BRACIIYPTERACIINJE. a'. Bill long, measured from gape exceeding the length of the tarsus 1. BEACHYPTEEACIAS, p. 4. b'. Bill shorter, much less than the tarsus in length. a". Wing much longer than the tail 2. GEOBIASTES, p. 6. b" . "Wing and tail about equal . . 3. ATELOBNIS, p. 7. b. Tarsus shortened, less than half the length of the middle toe. Habits arboreal CORACIINJS. c\ Bill slender, compressed, much longer than it is broad 4. CoBAdAS, p. 9. df. Bill snort, depressed and slightly hooked, as broad at gape as it is long 5. EuRY&TOMiis, p. 28. Subfamily I. BRACHYPTERACIINJ3. 1. BKACHYPXEEACIAS, Type. Brachypteracias, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de* Zool 1834, pi. 31 B. leptosomus. Ohloropygia, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 333 (1837) ... . B. leptosomus Range. Confined to Madagascar. 1. BIUCHYPTEIUCUS. 1. Brachypteracias leptosonms. Colaris leptosonms, Less. Musfr. Zool pi. 20 (1832). Bracliypteracias leptosomus, lafr. Mag. de Zool 1834, (hs, pi. 31; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 61 (1845); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 35 (1848) ; Pp. Consp. i. p. 160 (1850) ; Iieichenb. Ilandb., Merop. p. 53, Taf. 436. tigs. 3101-02 (1852) ; 2?p. Om^. Fo/wcr. -4«w. p. 7 (1854); J2M. JPflw. iT^%. p. 28 (1861); 2& iV^. Ibis, 18GB, p. 341; Grand. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 18G7, p. 354; Schl $ Foil Faune Madar/., Ois. p. 158 (1868); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 77, no. 013 (1860); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 308; id. Ibis, 1871, p. 280; Ilartl. Y6\ Primary-coverts purplish blue like the outer aspect of the primaries; long outer tail-feather spatulated at the end indtcus, p. 10. affinis, p. 13. garrulus, p. 15. abyssinicus, p. 19. lorti, p. 20. caudatus, p. 21. spatulatus, p. 22. COKAOIIDJD. d"\ Abdomen purplish blue, contrasting with the breast, which is fawn-buff with a greenish shade; primary-coverts purplish blue , cyanogaster, p. 27. I'. With no light band of silvery blue on the quills, these being entirely black, glossed with purple internally and on the outer web; back olive-greenibh; head and upper tail- coverts silvery cobalt temmine\i, p. 26. . With a white nuchal patch. c'. Crown of head lilac-rufous, contrasting witli the olive shade on the back; throat lilac- rufous like the rest of the unclerparts, all being streaked with white ncevius, p. 24. d\ Crown of head greenish olive like the back; throat and fore neck somewhat purplish, contrasting with the bieast, which is lilac- rufous ,, , olivaceiceps, p. 25, 1. Coracias in&icus. The Jay from Bengal, Albin, Nat. Hist, B. i. p. 17, pi. 17 (1738,///. pess.). The Blue Jav from the East Indies, Edwards, Gleanings, iii. p. 247, pi. 326 (1764). Le Eollier de Mindanao, Briss. Oni. i. p. 69, pi. i. fig. 1 (1760) ; Baubent. PL Enl. iii. pi. 2So. Coracias indica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 159 (1766) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 378 (1788) ; Syles, P. Z. S.1832, p. 96 ; Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p, 229 (1840) ; Myth, Ann. § Mag. N.II. xii. p. 94 (1843) ; Gray, Gen.B. i. p. 62 (1845); id. Cat.Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Ilodt/s. p. 5o (1846, pt.) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mas. p. 33 (1848); Blyth] Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 51 (1849) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 167 (1830) ; Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 118 (1832); lieickenb. Ilandb., Merop.-p.48, tab. 433. fig. 3183 (1832) ; Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 7 (1834); Horsf. § Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. I Co. ii. p. 571 (1856); Cab. # Heine, Mus. Hein.Th. ii. p. 118 (1859); Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 228 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 214 (1862); Beavan, Ibis, 1805, p. 407 ; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 345 ; Sold. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 135 (1867) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 76, no. 900 (1869) ; Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 54 (1869); Elwes, Ibis, 1870, p. 527; Dresser, B. Eur. v. p. 149, pi. 249 (1871); Holdsiu. P Z. S. 1872, p. 423; Blyth, Ibis, 1873, p. 80; Hayes Lloyd, t c. p. 406; Hume, Nests § Eggs Ind. B. p. 103 (1873) ; id. Str. F. i. p. 167 (1873); Morgan, Ibis, 1874, p. 314; Butler, Str. F. iii. p. 456 (1875); Bourd. Str. F. iv. p. 382 (1876); Sol. § E. C. Taylor, Ibi<, 1876, p. 63; Fairb. Str. F. v. p. 394 (1877); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 126 (1876) ; Davidson § Wenden, Str. F. vii. p. 77 (1878); Ball, t c. p. 203; Leqge, B. Ceylon, p. 281 (1878) ; Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 7; Hume, Str. F viii. p. 85 (1879); Sculhj, t. c. p. 237; Doig, t c p. 370; Butler, Cat. B. Sind etc. p. 16 (1879); id. Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 18 (1880); Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 49 (1880) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 50 ; Davids. Str. F. x. p. 295 (1882); Davison, t c. p. 351 (1883); Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 109 (1884); Sioinh. fy Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 61; Beid, Cat. Luelmoiv Mus. p. 22 (1886); Skarpe, Ibis, 1886, pp. 165, 488; Taylor, Str. F. x. p. 456 (1887); Terry, t. c. p. 471; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 547 ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 53 (1890). 4 . CORAOTA.S. Coracias bengalensis, Linn. S. JV. i. p. 159 (1706); Pearson, J. A. S, Beng. x. p. 651 (1841); Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. xii, fig'. 1 (no. 613); id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82 (1814); Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 118 (1859). Indian Boiler, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. i. p. 412 (1781). Le Rollier varie* d'Afrique. Levaill. Ois. Parad. et Polliers,. p. 80, pi. 28 (1806). Garrulus nsevius (nee Licht), Yieill. N, Diet, cTIIist. Nat. xxix. p. 431, pi. 6. fig. 4 (1819). Galgulus nsevius (nee Licht.), Yieill Enc. Meth. ii. p. 868 (1823). Coracias nsevius (nee Licht), Waaler, Syst Av. Coracias, spec. 3, p. 217 (1827). Coracias bengalensis indica, Temm. Tabl Meth. p. 10 (1839). Adult male. Above drab-brown, with, a wash of oil-green under certain lights ; rump greenish blue, washed with purple; the upper tail-coverts more purple, edged with greenish blue : the lesser wing- coverts bright purplish blue, remainder of the wing-coverts greenish blue, the greater coverts lighter at their ends; bastard-wing and primary-coverts silvery cobalt, with dusky blue tips; quills purplish blue, the inner secondaries like the back, the primaries with a bright band of silvery cobalt decreasing in size towards the centre of the wing: all but the outer primaries with a basal mark of silvery cobalt, mostly concealed by the greater coverts ; centre tail- feathers green, with a median wash of blue, the rest of tho feathers purplish blue at the base, succeeded by a broad band of silvery cobalt and terminated with a band of purplish blue; crown of head and nape green, with a slight wash of verditer, and a streak of greenish blue above the eyes; base of forehead sandy buff, succeeded by a shade of purplish lilac; lores and feathers below the eye reddish buff; fore part of cheeks and chin sandy buff with a purplish shade ; sides of face, ear-coverts, throat, and chest purplish lilac, with greenish-white shafts to the feathers; sides of neck and a collar round the hind neck purplish lilac, the latter with a slight wash of oil-green; breast lilac-brown: abdomen, thighs, under wing- and tail-coverts silvery cobalt: " bill blackish brown, paler at the base of the lower mandible; inside of mouth pale greenish yellow; feet brownish yellow; eyelid and naked skin round the eye pale gamboge ; iris greyish brown " {E. A. Butler). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 7#33 tail 5, tarsus 0*95. Adult female. Similar to the male in colour: " legs and feet yellowish olive; iris brown" (E. A. Butler). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 7*15, tail 5-2, tarsus 1. Hal. Prom Asia Minor to Persia and N. Arabia, thence to Baluchistan. The whole of the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon. a, b. Ad. sk. c. J ad. sk. d. Ad. sk. Muscat, Arabia. Muscat. Eao, Persian Gulf. Colonel Miles [P.]. W. T.Blanford,Esq. [P.]. W. D. Gumming, Esq. e. $ ad.sk. Bampusht, Baluchistan, March. Dera Ghazi Khan. W. T. Blanford. E*q. [C.]. Hiune Coll. /. J ad. sk. 12 f/> k d ? ad. sk. t, k. $ ad. sk. J. Ad. sk. on. $ ad. sk. n} o. tf ; ^. 5 ad. sk. ad. sk. e^. J ad. sk. >•'. c? ad. sk. s'. 6" ad. sk. t', u'. S 2 ad. sk. v', 7v'. Ad. sk. x'-a". v, y. <$ ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. a'. <$ ad. sk. b'. Ad. sk. c\ Ad. sk. d'. Ad. sk. e'. Ad. sk. f,g'. Ad.sk. h'~o'. Ad. et imni. sk. p'. (S ad. sk. q', r'. d juv. sk. «'. <$ ad. sk. t'-v'. <$ $ ad. sk. w!-z'. $ ad. et juv. sk. Nepal. Nepal {B. H. Hodgson). Sikkhn, Jan. Darjiling. Darjiling. Bootan (Pemberton). Bootan Dooars, Jan., Feb., April (Z. Mandelli). Dacca. Assam {McClelland). Dkollak, May (J. Cock- bum). Dibrughur, May {J. JR. Cn2)ps). Gai-o Hills (H. H. Godwin- Aztstcn). N. Khasia Hills {A. W. Chennell). Cachar (J. Inglis). Sylhet, Jan. {A. 0. JET.). Manipur, March (A. 0. H.). Bkamo, Feb. Mungla, Sanda Valley, May, Ava. Tonghoo District, Feb., Oct. (JB. W. 0.). Tonghoo, Jan., May, June, Aug., Dec. {E. G. W. JR.). Borougho Island, Akyab, March (J. Armstrong). Tliayetmyo, Pegu, Sept. (R. G. Eangoon District, Nov. (J. Armstrong). Eangoon, Dec, June, July (JR. G. W. JR.). Pegu, Aug., Dec, Feb. (K W. 0.). Hodgson Coll. India Museum. Hume Coll. Hume Coll. Seebohm Coll. India Museum. Himae Coll. Hume Coll. India Museum. (Types of species.) Hume Coll. Hume Coll. Tweeddale Coll. Tweeddale Coll. Hume ColL Hume Coll. Hume ColL Dr. J. Anderson [0.]. Dr. J. Anderson [c:j. W.T.Blanford-Esq. [P.]. Oates Coll. Tweeddale Coll. Hume Coll. Tweeddale Coll. Hume Coll. Tweeddale ColL Hume Coll. 4 . CORACIAS. 15 a". S ad. sk. Khykoto, Tenasserim, Feb. 22 Ilumo Coll. b". S; c", dn . $ ad. sk. (IV. D.). Pakpoon, Dec, Jan., Fob. ( W. Ilumo Coll. B.). . 65 (1875); Fallon, Ois. Belg. p. 28 (1875); Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 198 ; Dresser, t. c. p. 319 ; Ayres, t. c. p. 424; Blanf. Fast. Persia, ii. p. 125 (1870); Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 133 (1876) ; St. John, Str. F.Y. p. 502 (1877); Hartl Yog. Madag. p. 66 (1877) ; Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 52 ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii. p. 138 (1877); Cab. J.f 0. 1878, p. 234; Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 7; Bogd. B. Cauc. p. 114 (1879) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix. p. 153 (1879) ; Fischer § Reichen. J.f 0.1879, p. 343 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85 (1879); Butler, Cat. B. Sind$c. p. 16 (1879); Bocage, Orn. Angola,-^. 536 (1881); Newt. ed. YarreWs Brit. B. ii. p. 428 (1881J; Sharpe inOates>Matabele-Land,A.]iV. p. 302 (1881) ;Gurney, Ibis, 1881, pp. 124, 256 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. Ib81, p. 066; Bidd. Ibis, 1861, p. 48; Sadly, t. c. p. 429; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 102 ; Ilomeyer $ Tancre, MT. o; n. Yer. Wien, 1883. p 83 ; Seeb. t. c. p. 210 ; Shel ley, i.e. p. 242; Seeb. Ibis, 1^83, p. 21; Sharpe, ed. LayaixVs B. S. Afr. pp. 102, 805 (1884); Clarke, Ibis, 1884, p. 144; Seebohm, Hist. Br. B. ii. p. 327 (1884); Tristr. Faun, fy Flor. Palest p. 88 (1884) ; Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 319 (1884); Murray, Yertebr. Faun. Bind, p. 109 (1884); Fischer, J.f. 0. 1885, p. 127; Kriiper, t c. p. 279 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, pp. 488, 498; Gigl. Avif. ItaL p. 214 (1886) ; Sakad. Flenc. Ucc. ItaL p. 74 (1887); fait, Ibis, 1887, p. 305 ; Symonds, L c. p. 237 ; Gigl. Avif. ItaL 1st Resoc. p. 352 (1889); St. John, Bis, 1889, p. 157; Lilford, t. c. p. 331; Meade-Waldo, t. c. p. 515 ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests §• Eggs Lid. B. iii. p. 56 (1890) ; Zilford, Coloured Fig. B. Brit. Isl partxii. (1890); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 549; id. Ibis, 1891, p. 110. Le liollier d'Europe, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 153, pi. x. (1775). The Garrulous Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 406 (1781). Le Rollier yulgaire, Levaill. Ois. Par ad. Rolliers, i. p. 90, pis. 32, 33 (1806). Galgulus garrulus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxix. p. 428 (1819) ; Roux, Orn. Proveng. pi. 139 (1825) ; Menetr. B. Cam. p. 44 (1832). Ooracias germanicus, Brehm, Yog. Deutsehl. p. 158 (1831), Coracias plauiceps, Brehm, t.c. p. 159 (1831). Ooracias loquax, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 68 (1854). Ooracias bengalensis (nee L.), Keulem. Nederl. Tijdschr. 8TO, iii. p. 380 (1866). 4 . CORA CIAS. Adult male. General colour above light tawny brown, the inner secondaries like the back, but with dusky greenish inner webs ; head greenish blue, a little brighter over the eye, the base of forehead and fore part of eyebrow whitish; lores black; fore part of cheeks and chin white; sides of face, cheeks, and under surface of body light greenish blue, becoming paler on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; breast and fore neck with mesial streaks of brighter greenish blue ; upper wing-coverts greenish blue, except a band of small coverts along the carpal bend of the wing, which is purplish, blue; bastard- wing and primary-coverts greenish blue, the former externally dark green, black at the end shaded with blue; quills black, with a greenish-blue base to the outer web, this light basal patch having a purplish-blue shade where it adjoins the black, the primaries externally greenish blue, the secondaries purplish on the outer web ; lower back and rump purplish blue ; upper tail-coverts bluish green, mesially shaded with purple ; centre tail-feathers dull oily green, the rest greenish blue for two thirds of their outer web, black on their inner one, the terminal part light greenish blue with a black shaft, this light portion increasing towards the outermost feather, which is the only one which has a black tip : " bill blackish horn-colour; feet dark yellow; iris dark brown" (J. A. Naumann). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 7*5, tail 4*8, tarsus 0*85. Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 7*4, tail 4*8, tarsus 0*9. Young. Much duller and browner than the adults, the head and neck dull oily green, as also the sides of the face ; the blue on the wing- coverts much less intense, with the greenish-blue colour overshaded with brown; chin ashy white, the lower throat streaked with greenish white; fore neck and breast light brown, streaked with paler shaft-lines; rest of under surface light greenish blue like the adults but paler; the bluish-green colour on the tail much more dingy than the adults and having no black at the end of the outer tail-feather. Hob. Europe generally, extending to Central Asia, becoming rarer in the North, wintering in Africa j breeding also in Cashmere, and wintering in the extreme north-west of India. a. Ad. sk. Shetland. F. Bond, Esq. [P.]. h, c. 3 ? juv. sk. Stockholm, Aug. Mr. W. Meves [C.j. d. Ad. sk. Southern Spain. Lord Lilford [P.], e. Ad. sk. Athens, Greece. Consul Merlin [P.], / . $ ad.sk. KartHana, Turkey, May (W. Dr. E, B. Sharpe Pearce). [P.]. g. S ad. sk. S. Volga, May. Hume Coll. h. J ad. sk. Chorum, Asia Minor, May 15 Seebohm Coll. (C. G.Banford). hj-6 S ad.sk. Asia Minor, May (T. Robson). Tweeddale Coll. k, I. S ad. sk. Cyprus, April (Dr.Guillemard). Lord Lilford [P.], m, n. <$ 2 ad. sk. Egypt, April (G. JE. 8.). Shelley Coll. o. c? ad. sk. Palestine. Canon Tristram [C], p} q. Ad. sk. Mesopotamia (Commander India Museum. Jones), VOL. XVII. COKACIIDJE. r, 8. Ad. sk. t7 u. $ § ad. sir. v, w. Ad. sk. x. Ad. sk. y, z. $ ad. sk. a'. Ad. sk. £',.A&. sk. Tati, Matabele-Land, March W.E.&O.G. Oates, (F. Oates). Esqrs.[P.]. g3. Imm. sk. Vaal River. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [P.]. A3. Ad. sk. Olipliant's Nek, Jan. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [P.]. P. Ad. sk. Durban (Gordge). Shelley Ooll. /c3. § imm. sk. Pinetown, Jan. (T. L. Ayres). Shelley Ooll. P. Imm. sk. Kroonstad, May (E. P. Sy-Gurney Coll. monds). m3, n3. 5 ad. sk. Damara-Land, Jan. (C. J. Sliarpe Coll. A.). o\ 2 ad. sk. Otjimbinque, Jan. (C. J. A.). Tweeddale Coll. i>3. Skeleton. Sharpe Ooll. 4. Coracias abyssinicus. The Swallow-tailed Indian Roller, Edwards,, Gleanings, iii. pi. 27 (1764). Rollier du Senegal, Daubent. PL Enl. iii. pi. 326. Le Rollier d'Abyssinie, Daubent. t. c. pi 626; Month. Hist Nat. Ois, iii. p. 143 (1775). Abyssinian Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 408 (1781). Senegal Roller, Lath. t. c. p. 408. Coracias abyssinica, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl p. 38 (1783); Gm. S. N. I p. 379 (1788); Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 105 (1837); Rupp. St/st. Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Lefebvre, Voy. Abyss., Zool p. 79 (1849); Strickl P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216; Bp. Consp. i. p. 167 (1850^ ; Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 46, Taf. 431. fig. 3181 (1852); Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 124; Heugl Sy&t. Uebers. p. 17 (1856) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 571 (1856); Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 30 (1857); Cab. Sr Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 117 (1860); Hartl J.f.O. 1861, p. 104; Brehm, Reis. Habesch, p. 2J0 (1863); Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 26 (1864); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 134 (1867); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 76, no. 905 (1869); Blanf. Geol $ Zool Abyss, p. 319 (1870); Finsch, Trans, Z. S. vii. p. 220 (1870); Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 197 ; Antin. fy Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 62 (1873) ; Hartl Abh nat Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 110 (1881; Lado); Salvad, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) i. p. 115 (1884); Hartert, Xf. O. 1886, p. 592; Salvad. Ami. Mus. Genov. (2) vi. p. 225 (1888). Coracias senegalensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 379 (1788); Bp. Consp. I p. 167 (1850). Le Rollier a longs brins d'Afrique, Levaill Ois. de Parad. Rolliersf p. 75, tab. 25 (1806). Coracias albifrons, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vii. p. 392 (1809). Galgulus caudatus (nee L.)} Vieill N. Diet. aVFList. Nat.xxix. p. 433 (1819). c2 2 0 COEACIIBJ3. Coracias habessinica, JSempr. fy Ehr. Symb. Phys. fol. z (1828); Hrngl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 174 (1869) ; Dresser fy Blanf Ibis, 1874, p. 337. Coracias caudata (nee Z.), Wagler, Syst. Av., Coracias, sp. 2 (1827) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus, p. 34(1848). Coraciura abyssinica, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 (1854). Adult female. Similar to 0. garrula, but with the outer tail- feather elongated to a great length : " bill black; feet greenish yellow; iris brown" (W.Jesse). Total length 18 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 6*7, tail 5*4, outer tail-feather 31*3, tarsus 0*85. Adult male. Similar to the female. Total length 16*3 inches, culmen 1-45, wing 6*3, tail 5, outer tail-feather 10*4, tarsus 0*8. Hab. North-eastern Africa and Senegambia, as well as the interior of the Niger district. a. Ad. sk. Eiver Gambia (Sir A. Shelley Coll. b. Ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. d. Ad. sk. e,f d $ ad. sk. g. S ad. sk. h, L Ad. sk. h. $ ad. sk. Moloney). K. Gambia. Dakar, Senegal (L. Zaglaize). Nubia. Kokai, Bogos-Land, July ( W. Jesse). Kokai, July. Bogos-Land (JEsler). Makan, Abyssinia, April. Sharpe Coll. Tweeddale Coll. Shelley Coll. Tweeddale Coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [CO- Shelley Coll. W.T/Blanford,Esq. /. $ ad. sk. m. Ad. sk. n,o,p. Ad.sk. q, r. Skeletons. Lake Ashangi, April (W. Jesse). White Nile. Shoa (Sir IV. Q. Harris). Abyssinia. [0.]. Salvin-Godman Coll. Sir S. Baker [P.]. India Museum. W.T. Blanford, Esq. [C], and W. Jesse, Esq. 5. Coracias lorti. ? Coracias caudata, Ueugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. pt. 1, p. 173 (1869). Coracias caudata (nee L.), Sahad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) i. p. 115 (1884). Coracias lorti, Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 399 : Salvad. Ann. Mies. Genov. (2) -n. p. 224 (1888). Adult (type of species). Similar to G. caudata, bu-t having the lilac throat arrested at the fore neck, the whole of the under surface from the fore neck downwards being blue as in O. abyssinica. Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 6*31, tail 4*5, outer tail- feather 7, tarsus 08 . Hab. Prom Shoa to Somali-Land. 4 . COEACIAS. 21 6. Coracias caudatus. Le Eollier d'Angola, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 72, pi, yii. fig-. 1 (1760) ; Daub. PL Fnl, iii. pi. 88: Montb. Hist, Nat. Ois. iii. p. 144 (1775). L Coracias caudata, Linn. Syst Nat. i. p. 160 (1766); Gm. Syst, Nat. i. p. 380 (1788); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 {1845) ; Des Murs, Iconogr. Orn. pi. 28 (1846); Gray, Cat, Fissir. Brit. Mus, i. p. 34 (1848) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 167 (1850); Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 47, Taf. 432. %. 3182 (1852); Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 124; Strickl. $ Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 154; Earth Orn. W.~ Afr. p. 30 (1857); Cab. % Heine, Mus. Hein. Tli. ii. p. 116 (1860) j Hard. J.f. 0.1861, p. 104; Scl P. Z. S. 1862, p. 12,1864, p. 110 ; Kirh, Ibis, 1864, p. 324 ; Hartl. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 824; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 135 (1867); Zayard, B. S. Afr. p. 61 (1867); Guraey, Ibis, 1868, p. 461; Cab. in Von der Declcen's Reis. iii. p. 34 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 569; Layard, Ibis, 1869, p. 364; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 76, no. 904 (1869); Finsch 8f Hartl. Yog. Ostafr. p. 154 (1870); Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 154; Gumeyin Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 53 (1872); Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 364; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 198; Cab. J.f.O. 1878, p. 234; Fischer $ Reichen. J.f.O. 1878, p. 254; Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 290; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 84 (1881); Sharpe in Oates' Matabele- Land, p. 302 (1881); Shelley, P, Z. 8. 1881, p. 566; id. P. Z. S 1882, p. 302; id. Ibis, 1882, p. 243; Fischer, Zeitsch. i. p. 359 (1884); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. pp. 104, 805 (1884); Boehm, J.f.O. 1885, p. 57; Fischer, J. f. O. 1886, p. 127; Ayres, Ibis, 1886, p. 284, 1887, p. 50; Matschie, J.f.O. 1887, p. 152; Scludow, t.c. p. 236; Tristr. Ibis, 1889, p. 225; Emin, J.f.O. 1891, p. 59 (Ugogo). Long-tailed Eoller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 409 (1781). Coracias angolensis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vii. p. 394, pi. 51 (1809). Coraciura caudata, Bp. Consp. Voluer. Anisod. p. 7 (1854). Coracias naevia (nee Daud.), Bianc. Spec. Zool. Mosamb. fasc. 14. p. 49 (1865). Coracias abyssinica (nee Bodd.), Chapm. Trav. S. Afr. ii. App. p. 408 (1868). Adult male. Eorehead and eyebrow hoary white ; head and back of neck pale glossy green, the feathers pale brown at base, giving a fuscous appearance to the plumage; back and scapulars pale drab, washed with green; lower portion of the back and rump splendid cobalt, inclining to vivid green on the upper tail-coverts; greater coverts greenish cobalt, some of the innermost tinged with ultr&marine; quills black, the basal portion silvery-greenish cobalt, the primary-coverts also of this colour; primaries externally edged with deep ultramarine, inclining to cobalt towards the extremity of the feather; some of the secondaries rather broadly washed with cobalt, the innermost drab like the back ; general colour of the tail vivid greenish cobalt, the centre feathers olive-green, the next ones tinted with this colour towards the tip, and so on towards the outermost, each feather being gradually less stained with green ; the two outer rectrices much elongated and narrowed, the elongated portion gradually verging from dark blue into deep black; chin hoary white; cheeks, throat, and upper portion of the breast rich vinaceous, the COBA.CHDM. shafts of some of the feathers being traced by longitudinal lines of white ; rest of the under surface of body, with the under wing- and tail-coverts, brilliant greenish cobalt: " bill black; feet greenish yellow; iris yellowish brown, the ring round the eye greenish yellow" (G. J. Andersson). Total length 15 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 7, tail 5*5, tarsus 0*8. Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 6*3, tail 7, tarsus 0*8. Hah. Interior of South Africa to Angola on the West and to the Zanzibar region on the East Coast, as far as Uzinza. a. Imni.sk. b. Ad. sk. e. Juv. sk. d. 2 ad. sk. e,f. cS ad. sk. g. S ad. sk. h. 5 ad. sk. i. <$ ad. sk. k. Ad. sk. I. Ad. sk. m. Ad. sk. n-q. Ad. etjuv. sk. r. Ad. sk. s. Ad. sk. t. Ad. sk. u, v. Ad. et juv. sk. %v, x. Ad.sk. y, z, a'. Ad. et imm. sk. b', c'. $ ad. et juv. sk. . d', e\ 6 $ ad. sk. f. $ ad. sk. g'. S ad. sk. h\ Ad. sk. i'. c? juv. sk. Durban, Natal (Gordge). Oliphantfs Nek. Magaliesberg, Transvaal. Limpopo, Mav 12 (W. Ayres). Transvaal; July (T. E. Buck ley). Matabele-Land (Dr. JExton). Geruah (F. Oates). 1st Makalaka Kraal, Aug. 18 (F. Oates). Makalaka Country (Dr. Bradshazv). Zambesi River. Zambesi River (Dr. Metier). Tete, Zambesi (Sir J. Kirk). Zanzibar. Pangani River; E. Africa (Sir J. Kirk). Dar-es-Salaam (E. C. Buxton). Uaeri River, east of Kilimanjaro, July. Mombasa (Rev. T. Wakefield). Mombasa. Otjimbinque, Damara-Land, Feb., July (C. J. Andersson). Otjimbinque, Jan., May (C. J. A,j. Humbe, Cunene River (X Anchieta). liuilla, Benguela (J. Anchieta). Loando (/. Thompson). Ambriz, April (J. J. Monteiro). Shelley Coll. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [0.]. F. A. Barratt, Esq. Gurney Coll. Shelley ColL Sliarpe Coll. W. E. & C. G. Oates, Esqrs. [P.]. W. E. $ 0. G. Oates, Esqrf [P.]. Shelley Coll." Sir J. Kirk [P.]. Tweeddale Coll. Livingstone Exped. Massena Coll. Shelley ColL Shelley Coll. H. C. V. Hunter, Esq. pp.]. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. Rev. A. F. Buxton [P.]. Sliarpe Coll. Tweeddale ColL Shelley ColL Shelley ColL Shelley ColL Sharpe ColL 7. Coracias spatulatus. Coracias spatulata, Trimen, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 30; Socage, Orn. Angola, p. 536 (1881); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 243: Tristr. Ibis, 1888, p. 2Q6; Emin, J.f. 0. 1891, p. 59 (Ugogo). 4 . C0KACIAS. Ooracias dispar, Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1880, p. 227. Coracias caudata (nee Z.), Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-Land, App. Birds, p. 302 (1881 x. pt.), specimen d. Coracias weigalli, Dresser, Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist (6) vi. p. 851 (1890), Adult male. Light olivaceous brown above, inclining to lilac on the lower back ; rump lilac-bine ; upper tail-coverts purplish blue; lesser wing-coverts deep purplish blue like the bastard-wing and primary-coverts ; remainder of wing-coverts pale cinnamon washed with reddish lilac, the innermost secondaries of the same colour, but tipped with purplish black; primaries black, externally purplish blue, and showing a broad basal patch of cobalt; secondaries cobalt- blue, with a broad terminal band of purplish black; centre tail- feathers black, the median ones washed with olive-green, the two next washed with purplish blue, the next with a patch of cobalt on the outer web, this occupying the greater part of the two penultimate feathers, while the outermost is cobalt-blue with a black shaft; the end of the tail black and produced, ending in a small racket; lores and eyebrow white; sides of face and entire under surface of body pale greenish blue. Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1-25, wing 0*4, tail 5'2) longest tail-feather 7*5, tarsus 0*75. Adult female. Similar to the female. Total length 14 inches, culmen 14, wing 6*45, tail 4-9, tarsus 0-7. A younger bird, identified by me as C. caudata in Oates' ' Mata- bele-Land,' has the sides of the face and the sides of the chest lilac- brown streaked with white. The throat, however, is bluish, the primary-coverts are purplish blue, and concealed by the under tail- coverts is the spatulated outer feather just beginning to appear. During my recent visit to Berlin, Dr. Eeichenow and I carefully examined the series of Eacket-tailed Eollers in the Museum there, and we were perfectly agreed in considering the specimens with the lilac on the sides of the face and chest to be immature birds. Canon Tristram has kindly lent me the type of G. weigalli from his collection, and, notwithstanding that it has the appearance of being fully adult, I believe that it is really only an immature individual. Eab. Makalaka country in S.E. Africa to Lake Tanganyika and Ugogo, west to Benguela. a. $ imm. sk. h. S ad. sk. Pantanatenka Kiver, Jan. (F. Oates). Umvuli Kiver, Aug. 2 (J. S. Jameson). W. E. & C. G. Oates, Eaqrs. [P.]. Shelley Coll. c. Ad. sk. d. $ ad.sk. "Ugogo {JSmtn Pasha). Caconda, Benguela (X AncMeta). Berlin Museum [PA Lisbon Muaeum [P.|. COKACIIDJS, 8. Coracias usevius. Coracias nsevia, Baud. TraitS, ii. p. 258 (1800) ; Licht. Vers. Doubl. p. 20 (1823); Striekl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216; 8harpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 190 (pfc.) ; Antin. fy Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 63 (1873) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) i. p. 114 (1884): Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 399; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) vi. p. 223 (1888). ? Hairy Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. Snppl. ii. p. 123 (1801). F Coracias pilosa, Lath. 2nd. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii (1801); Vieill. N. Diet. aVJEList. Nat xxix. p. 430 (1819). Le Rollier varie d'Afrique dans son jeune age, Levaill. Ois. Par ad. Rolliers, p. 84, pi. 29 (1806). ? Coracias crinita, Steph, in Shawns Gen. Zool. vii. p. 401 (1809); Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 7 (1854). ? Galgulus pilosus, Vieill. Em. Meth. ii. p. 867 (1823). Coracias nuchalis, Swains. B. W. Afr ii. p. 110 (1837) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 7 (1854). Coracias levaillanti, Temm. (ubi?); Riipp. Syst. JJebers. p. 23 (1845) Heugl Syst. Uehers. p. 18 (1856). Coracias pilosa, Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 34 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 167 (1850) ; Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 49, Taf. 433. fig. 3184 (1852) ; Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 124; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 571 (1856); Bartl. Orn. TV-Afr. p. 30 (1857); Cab. ty Heine, 3Ius. Hein. Th. ii. p. 117 (1860); Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 27 (1864); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 137 (1867, pt.); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 75, no. 898 (1809); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 172 (1869); Blanf. Geol fy Zool Abyss, p. 319 (1870) ; Finsch, Trans. Z. 8. vii. p. 221 (1870) ; Hartl. Abhandl. not. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 110 (1881; Muffoi): llartert, J.f.O. 1886, p. 592. Adult male. General colour above olivaceous, the head not like the back, but clear reddish lilac like the under surface; a white nuchal patch; lores and base of forehead as well as a broad eyebrow white; lower rump and upper tail-coverts lilac-Hue, the latter more purplish blue ; wing-coverts reddish lilac, brighter along the edge of the wing ; the smaller coverts near the carpal bend of the wing deep blue like the bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer aspect of the quills ; the secondaries more or less lilac near their bases, this colour extending on the inner secondaries, the innermost of which are olive-lilac like the back, slightly washed with green; the primaries also washed with greenish blue on their outer web ; tail-feathers dark purplish blue, with a greenish shade on the centre ones; chin white; under surface of body reddish lilac, streaked with white centres to the feathers; thighs almost white; under tail-coverts pale lilac; under wing-coverts pale lilac reddish ; quills dusky below, shaded with blue, the base of the quills greyish white : " bill black; feet pale yellowish olive; iris brown almost raw sienna" ( W. T. Blanford). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 7*4, tail 5*3, tarsus 1. Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 12-5 inches, culmen 1*45, wing 7, tail 5*4, tarsus 0*9. Young. Forehead, eyebrow, and nuchal patch very distinct • 4 . C0RACI1S. 25 upper surface of body olive-green; wing-eovorfcs as in the adult, but more mixed with reddish brown; quills as in the adult, but the inner secondaries more decided olive-green ; middle of back dull reddish brown; tail for the most part ultramarine, all the feathers edged with olive-green, except the two middle ones, which arc entirely of this colour; under surface of body dull greyish brown, becoming reddish on the flanks, all the white stripes very broad and distinct and having a very slight greenish lustre. Total length 11*5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 7, tail 5*5, tarsus 0*8. The Soncgambian birds, true 0. ncevia, are somewhat different from those from North-eastern Africa. They have a slight shade of greyish olive at the end of the feathers of the crown, which is otherwise reddish. I have, however, not seen enough specimens to enable me to judge whether these slight differences are constant, and the bird from the Niger will also require comparison. Bab. North-eastern Africa to Shoa and Equatorial Africa, and south to the Ulu country; Sonegambia and the Niger region on the "West Coast. a. Ad. sk. N.E. Africa. Purchased. b. J ad. sk. Near Undel Wells, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, Esq. c. £ ad. sk. cL § ad. sk. e. $ ad. sk. April. Koomayli, March ( W. Jesse). Maragaz, Bogos-Land, July(W. Jesse), Kokai, Bogos, July. [P.]. Tweeddale Coll. Tweeddale Coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. / . C. IL). Muggi, Oct. 28 (Emm Pasha). River Gambia. River Gambia (Sir A. Salvm-Godman Coll. Shelley Coll. India Museum. India Museum. Shelley Coll. Sharpo Coll. Shelley Coll. Moloney). 9. Coracias olivaceiceps *. Coracias pilosa (nee Lath.), Gumey, P. Z. S. 1804, p. % 1808, p. 401; Chapm. Trav. S. Afr. ii. App. p. 408 (1868); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 569. * Eor the last twelve months the name of C. olivaceiceps has been attached to the South-African form of G. ncevia in the MSS. of the present volume of the ' Catalogue.' In the meantime Mr. Dresser has described the species as G. mosambicus, and I should gladly have adopted his name if there bad been any proof forthcoming of the occurrence of this Roller in Mozambique : but the Coracias ncevia of Bianconi's work has been shown by Drs. Einsch and Hartlaub to be only C. catidata (Vog. Ostafr. p. 154). I therefore employ my own designation for the species until it is pro\ed that the name of mosambicus can be properly applied to it. COEACIIDJS. Coracias nuchalis (nee Swains.), layard, JB. S. Afr. p. 60 (1867); Chapm. Trav. S. Afr., App. p. 408 (1868). Coracias nasvia (nee Baud.), Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 190; Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Zd. p. 54 (1872) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 363 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 83 (1881); Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-Zand, p. 302 (1881); id. ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. pp. 103, 805 ; Shelley, Bis, 1882, p. 243 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1886, p. 284 • Symonds, Ibis, 1887, p. 327. Coracias nasvia levaillanti (nee Temm.), Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 399. Coracias rnosambica, Dresser, Ibis, 1890, p. 385. Adult male. Similar to Q. ncevia, but larger, with a larger bill, and having the crown olive like the back, instead of being lilac- red ; the throat also is washed with dull purplish, which causes it to contrast with the rest of the under surface, which is lilac-red: " bill black ; feet dull greenish yellow; iris ashy brown" (2'. Ayres). Total length 14 inches, culm en 1*8, wing 7*5, tail 5*5, tarsus 0*9. Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 13 inches, culmen 1*6. wing 7*2, tail 5*7, tarsus 1*05. Hah. South Africa, from the Orange River to the Zambesi on the east and to Angola on the west. a. Ad. sk. South Africa (E. L. Layard). Sharpe Coll. b. Ad. sk. Orange Free State. A. Sharpe, Esq. [P.], e. S ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres). Shaipe Cull. d. $ ad. sk. Transvaal, July (T. E. BuckShelley Coll. ley). e. S ad. sk. Rustenberg, June 24 (T. Gurney Coll. Ayres). /. <5 ad. sk. Matabele-Land, Sept. (T. E. Shelley Coll. Buckley). g. <$ ad. sk. 2nd Makalaka Kraal, Sept. (F. W.E.&O.G. Oates, Oates). Esqrs. [P.]. h. Ad. sk. Otjirnbinque, Damara-Land ( C. Tweeddale Coll. J. Anderssori). i. $ ad. sk. Otjirnbinque, March (C. J. Sharpe Coll. Andersson). 1c. Juv. sk. Ondonga, Ovampo, Jan. (C. Sharpe Coll. J. A.). 1. <$ ad. sk. Caconda, Benguela, June (J. Shelley Coll. Anchieta). m. $ imm. sk. Ambriz, Angola, Feb. (/. /. Sharpe Coll. Monteiro). 10. Coracias temmincki. Le Rollier Temminck, Levaill. Ois. Farad. Bottlers, iii. SuppL p. 46. fig. G (1806). G^d^fes-temmincki, Vieill. JV". Diet. xxix. p. 435 (1819). Rollier d'Urville, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. AstroL, Atlas, pi. 16 Coracias papuensis, Quoy et Gaim. op. cit. Zool. i. p. 220 (1830). Coracias pileata, Bp. Consp. Vol Ants.-p. 7 (1854, ex Meinw. MSS.). Eurystomus pileatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 316. 4 . COKACUS. 27 Coracias temmincki, Wall Ibis, 1864, p. 41; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 138 (1867) ; Gray, Handrl. B. i. p. 75, no. 899 (I860) ; Walden, Trans. Z. 8. viii. p. 43 (1872); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 59 ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, etc. I. p. 512 (1880) ; Blasius, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. ii. p. 242 (1885), iii. p. 88 (1886). Adult male. Above olive-groen washed with lighter green; lower back and rump purplish blue; upper tail-coverts bright silvery- cobalt ; wings and tail purplish blue, the inner secondaries washed with olive-green like the back; crown of head and nape bright cobalt, with a slight greenish shade; lores, sides of face, sides of neck, and a broad collar round the hind neck black with a purplish wash ; under surface of body dark purplish blue, with a white chin- spot, the throat and chest having the feathers mesially streaked with lighter purplish blue; under wing-covcrts, axillaries, and quill-lining bright purplish blue : " bill black; feet yellowish brown; iris clear hazel-brown " (Dr. Platen). Total length 14-5 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 7*35, tail 5-5, tarsus 0*85. Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 13 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 7*2, tail 5-6, tarsus 0-9. Hab. Celebes. a, b. Ad. et juv. sk. Menado. "Wallace Coll. c. Ad. sk. Makassar. Wallace Coll. d, e. <$ ad. sk. / . Ad. sk. Celebes (Mus. Lugd.). Celebes. Salvin-Godman Coll. Tweeddale Coll. 11. Coracias cyanogaster. Le Eollier a ventre bleu, Levaitt. Ois. Parad. Rolliers, p. 78, pi. 26 (1806). Coracias cyanogastra, Cuv. Begne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817); Wagl. Syst Av. Coracias, no. 6 (1827); Jard. § Selby, PL Orn. iii. pi. cxxiii. (c. 1830); Swains. B. W. Aft. ii. p. 108, pi. xiii. (1837); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); id. Cat Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 34 (1848); Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 167 (1850); Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 48, Taf. 432. figs. 3683-84 (1852); Sartl Orn. Westafr. p. 30 (1857); Cab. Sf Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 110 (1860); Eartl. J.f 0.1861, p. 104; 8c7iL Mus. Paxjs-Bas, Coraces, p. 136 (1867) ; Bocage, Jorn. Zisb. 1867, p. 133; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 76 (1869); Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 202. Galgulus cyanogaster, Vieill N. Diet d'Mst Nat xxix. p. 436 (1819). Coraciura cyanogastra, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 7 (1854). Adult. Head, neck, and breast pale fawn-colour, everywhere pervaded with a silvery green lustre, so that the ground-colour is not perceptible; chin, an obsolete eyebrow, and longitudinal streaks on the throat hoary white; upper portion of the back and scapulars deep olive-brown; wing-coverts vivid ultramarine, the least ones round the carpal joint beautiful silvery cobalt; quills black, glossed above and below with ultramarine, the basal half of the primaries and also of the outer secondaries silvery cobalt, forming a con COKACIIDiE. spicuous rbroad alar bar; innermost secondaries olive-brown like the scapulars, with which they imperceptibly blend; lower portion of back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brilliant ultramarine, the latter slightly tinged with a cobalt lustre; tail brilliant cobalt, more especially on the under surface, the shafts black, and the two outer tail-feathers elongated, the ends being black glossed with blue, all the tail-coverts being barred indistinctly in some lights ; lower part of the breast, belly, and under tail-coverts deep ultramarine- blue, with a faint cobalt lustre on the latter; thighs also ultramarine, but brilliant cobalt on the inner side of the leg, just above the tarsal joint• under wing-coverts and axillaries brilliant cobalt. Total length 15 inches;, culmen 1*45, wing 7*5, tail 7*3, tarsus 1. Hob, Senegambia. a. <$ ad. sk. Senegal (oVJEinville). Riocour Coll. b. Ad. sk. Senegambia. Purchased. c. d. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll. e. Ad. sk. River Gambia {Sir A. Shelley Coll. Moloney). f,g,h. Ad. sk. Dakar, Jan. (Z. Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll. 5. EUBYSTOMUS. Type. Eurystomus, Yieill Analyse, p. 37 (1816) E. orientalis. Oolaris, Cuv. Regne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817) E. orientalis. Cornopio, Cab. \ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 119 (I860) E. afer. Bangs. The whole of tropical Africa and Madagascar. India and Ceylon through the Burmese countries north to Manchuria and JNTorthern China; south through the Burmese countries, and all over the Malay Archipelago to Australia. Key to the Species. a. Tail light blue, with a black terminal band and black shaft; underparts lilac or cinnamon- brown like the back. a'. Under tail-coverts greenish blue* no blue throat-patch. a". Larger: wing 8*3 inches glaueurus, p. 29. b". Smaller: wing not exceeding 7*o inches . afer, p. 30. b'. Under tail-coverts cinnamon like the breast • a large patch of greenish cobalt on the throat , gularis, p. 32. b. Tail black, bluish at base only or shaded with purplish blue, c'. Throat streaked with bright purplish blue, forming a gular patch. c". With a black tip to the culmen. a'". Terminal half of tail black, not shaded wdth purplish blue above; head blackish, as also the mantle; shorter secondaries black, or with only a marginal r . . 7. ort shade of polish Mue...7 *...{%£%>&*• 5 . EURISTOMtrS b'". Terminal half of tail black, distinctly shaded with purplish "blue j secondaries black, externally shaded with purplish blue like the tail. a%. Head and mantle pale greenish brown ; under surface of body pale greenish blue; base of tail greenish blue ... . australis, p. 36. b% . Head and mantle blackish; under surface of body blue. a5. Smaller: wing 7*4 inches colonyx, p. 38. b'\ Larger : wing 7*9 inches crassirostris, p. 39. d". Bill entirely red, with no black tip to the culmen ; wing 7'7-7*9 inches solomonmsis, p. 40. d\ Entire under surface of body purplish blue, with no bright gular patch azureus, p. 40. 1. Eurystomus glaucurus. Le Kollier de Madagascar, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 148 (1775). Le Rolle de Madagascar, Daubent. PI Enl. iii. pi. 501. Coracias glaucurus, P. L. S. Midler, 8. N. Anhang, p. 80 (1776); Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 242. Madagascar Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 413 (1781). Coracias orientalis (nee L.), Bodd. Tall. PI. Enl. p. 29 (1783). Coracias madagascariensis, Herm. Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 197 (1783); Gm. S. N. i. p. 379 (1788). Le Grand Rolle Violet Levaill. Ois. Par ad. BolUers, p. 96. pi. 34 (1806). Colaris madagascariensis, Citvier, Begne Anim. p. 401 (1817); Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 56, Taf. 428. fig. 3200 (1852). Eurystomus violaceus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxix. p. 426 (1819). Colaris violaceus, Wagl. Syst. Av, Colaris, sp. 1 (1827). Eurystomus madagascariensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); Bp. Consp. i. p. 168 (1850); id. Consp. Vohicr. Anis. p. 7 (1854); Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 27 (1861); Booh 8f E. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 270, 1863, p. 176; E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 341; Behl Mm Pays-Bas, Ooraces, p. 143 (1867) ; Grand. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 354; Schl. $ Poll. Faun. Madag., Ois. p. 103 (1868); Hartl Vdg. Madag. p. 67 (1877). Cornopio madagascariensis, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 119 (1860). Eurystomus glaucurus, Gray, Hand4. B.i. p. 76, no. 910 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 397; id. Ibis, 1871, p. 271; Milne-Ediu. $ Grand. H. N. Madag., Ois. I p. 214, pis. 80, 81, 82 (1879). Adult. General colour cinnamon; lesser wing-coverts skirting the edge of the wing and the greater series deep ultramarine, the remainder like the back; quills black, washed externally with ultramarine, the inner web cobalt on the under surface, the secondaries dusky at the base, the innermost ones lilac-brown like the scapulars; lower portion of the rump and upper tail-eoverts dull cobalt; tail for the most part pale cobalt-blue, with a broad band of black at the tip shaded with purplish blue ; under surface of body cinnamon glossed with lilac; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts greenish 30 coiucTiD.ffi. "blue; thighs lilac-brown washed with blue : " bill yellow; feet greenish yellow; iris brown" (A Qrandidier). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 8-2, tail 4*7, tarsus 0*6. Young. Much duller in colour than the adults, inclining to rufous-brown on the upper surface and on the throat; the rest of the under surface from the fore neck downwards washed with greenish blue. Hab. Madagascar, and Anjuan Island. a. Ad. sk. Madagascar. A. Crossley [C.]. b. Ad.; c, d. Juv. sk. Madagascar. Sharpe Coll. e. $ ad. sk. Madagascar, Oct. 13 {Pollen Tweeddale Coll. and Van Dam). f,g. Ad.; h. Juv. N.E. Madagascar ( Van Dam). Shelley Coll. sk. *. Ad. sk. Anjuan Island (Sir John Shelley Coll. kirk), k. Skeleton. M. Verreaux. 2. Etirystomus afer. African Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 86 (1787). Coracias afra, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 172 (1790). Coracias africana, Shaw $ Nodder, Nat. Misc. xi. pi. 401 (1799). Le Petit Bolle violet, Levaill. Ois. de Farad., Bolliers, pi. 35 (1806). Colaris afra, Cuv. Begne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817) ; Reichenb. ttandb., Merop. p. 56, Taf. 438. figs. 3201, 3202 (1852;. Eurystomus purpurascens, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxix. p. 427 (1819) ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Ants. p. 7 (1854). Eurystomus rubescens, Vieill. N. Diet. xxix. p. 426 (1819) ; Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 112 (1837). Eurystomus afra, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 97 (1820); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 (1850); Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 27 (1865). Colaris purpurascens, Wagler, Syst. Av. Colaris, sp. 2 (1827). Colaris viridis, Wagler, op. cit. sp. 5 (1827) ; Meichenb. Handb., Merop.y.57 (1852). Eurystomus orientalis (nee X.), Bupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Heugl. Syst. Uebers. $. 17 (1856). Eurystomus viridis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845): Bp. Consp. i. p. 168 (1850). Eurystomus afer, Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 32 (1848) ; Strickl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216 ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 7 (1854); Verr. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855, p. 414; Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 28 (1857) ; Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 33 ; Hartl. J.f O. 1861, p. 104; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 324; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 142 (1867) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.~Afr. i. pt. i. p. 169 (1869) ; Gray, Mand-l B. i. p. 7% no. 911 (1869) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 193 ; id. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 569; Blanf. Geol. § Zool. Abyss, p. 320 (1870); Finsch, Trans. Z.S.viL p. 220 (1870); Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 274; Shelley § Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286; TIssher, Ibis, 1874, p. 48; Beichen. J.f.O. 1875, p. 14; Sharpe fy Bouvier, Bull. Soe. Zool. France, i. pp. 39, 303 (1876) ; lieichen. J.f.O. 1877, p. 2; Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 342 ; Cab. J.f O. 1878, p. 234; Fischer ^ Beichen. J.f. 0.1879, p. 343; Oust. N. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. Bull p. 71 (1879) ; Bocage, Orn, Angola, p. 85 (1881); Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 124; 5 . ETJKYSTOMtJS. 31 Sharpe in Oates1 Matabek-Land, App. p. 802(1881); Marti AbhandL nat. Ver. Bremen, vxi. p. 110 (1881); Shelley, P. Z. S.1881, p. 565; Pelz. Sits. z.-b. Oes. Wien, xxxi. p. 143 (1881), xxxii. p. 500 (1882); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 243 ; Sehahw, J.f 0.1883, p. 340; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 484 (1884); Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 359 (1884) ; Bohn, J.f. 0. 1885, p. 57; Fischer, t. c. p. 127; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 224; Biittih Notes Lei/den Mus. vii. p. 158 (1885), viii. p. 248 (1886); Hartert, J.f 0.1886, p. 592; Matschie, J.f. 0. 1887, p. 152; Schalow, t. c. p. 230; Reichen. t. c. p. 305 j Buttik. Notes Ley dm Mus. x. p. 02 (1888^; Tristr. Ibis, 1888, p. 266; Shelley, t. c. p. 298; id. P. Z. S. 188&, p. 44 ; id Ibis, 1890, p. 167. Cornopio afer, Cab. 8p Heine, Mus. Eein. Tk. ii. p. 119 (1860) ; Cab. in Von der Decherfs Reis. iii. p. 34 (1869). Adult. Similar to E. glaucurus, but much smaller: " bill yellow ; feet and iris brown " (T. Ay res). Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 6-8, tail 3*45, tarsus 0'6. Young. Similar to the adult, but having the under surface washed with pale greenish blue from the breast downwards, the lower flanks being entirely blue; wing-coverts pale greyish brown, and all the rest of the plumage much paler than in the adult. Although E. afer is a conspicuously smaller bird as a rule than E. glaucurus, yet the former bird varies considerably with locality, and in the British Museum series the wing varies from 6*4 inches to 7*1 inches, those from the West Coast being decidedly smaller than the ones from Eastern Africa. Hab. Nearly the whole of tropical Africa. a. £ ad. sk. Senegarhbia (d'Emville). Riocour Coll. Daranka, Gambia (L. La-Shelley Coll. b. Ad. sk. glaize). e. Ad. sk. Gambia (Sir A. Moloney). Shelley Coll. d. Ad. sk. Gold Coast Leyden Mus. e-h. Ad. et imrn. Accra, Feb., April (H. T. Sharpe Coll. sk. Ussherfy J. Smith). i. Inim. sk. Fantee. Sharpe Coll. ft, l 6 ? ad. sk. Abo Kobi, Aguapim. Feb. (G. Shelley Coll. E. S.). m. Ad. sk. Shonga, River Niger. Capt. M. Ferryman n, o. Ad. sk. Gaboon (JET. T. Ansell). Sharpe Coll. p. Imm.sk. Congo. Commander Sperling [P.]. a. Ad.sk. Landana, Congo (L. Petit). Shelley Coll. r. <5 ad. sk. Potchef stroom, Transvaal, Nov. Gurney Coll. 26(T.Ayres). s. S ad. sk. Umvungu River, Nov. 3 (F. W.E.&C.G. Oates, Oates). Esqrs. [P.l t. Ad. sk. Umvuli River, Oct. (J. S. Shelley (toll. Jameson). u. Ad. sk. Zambesi River (Dr. Meller). Sharpe Coll. v. Ad.; w. Juv. Zambesi River. Dr. Bradshaw [C], sk. #. tf ad. sk. Duruma, E. Africa, Jan. Dr.Hildebrandt[C.]. C0RACTID.E. y. Ad.; z. Juv. Usambara Mountains {Sir J. sk. Kirk), a'. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaani (E. C. Buxton), b', c'. Ad. sk. Mombasa. d'. Ad. sk. Mombasa, Feb. <*'>/'• d1 a(*. sk. Kilimanjaro, 8000 feet. Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286; Ussher, Ibis, 1874. p. 49 ; Reichen. J.f.O. 1875, p. 14; ScL Ibis, 1876, p. 247; Oust. N. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 130 (1879); Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. vii. p. 159 (1865). Oolaris gularis, Wagler, Syst. Av. Colaris, sp. 3 (1827); Reichenb. Handb., Merop.y. 57, Taf. 438. %. 3203 (1852). Eurystomus collaris, Vig. Zool. Journ. v. p. 273 (1832). Cornopio gularis, Cab. § Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 119, note (1860). Adult. Similar to E. glaucurus, but smaller, and of about the same size as E. afer. It differs from both species, however, in having black upper tail-coverts, cinnamon under tail-coverts like the abdomen, and a large patch of greenish cobalt on the throat: " bill horn- brown, yellow at base; feet greyish brown; iris dark" {A. ReicTienow). Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 1, wing 5*9, tail 3-4, tarsus 0*6. Hab. "West Africa, from Liberia to Gaboon. a. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone. Tweeddale Coll. b. Ad. sk. c. Ad. sk. d. Ad.sk. Gold Coast. Fantee (JET. F. Blissett). Wasa Province, March (H. Leyden Museum. Sharpe Coll. Sharpe Coll. e. Ad. sk. / , g, h. Ad. sk. i. Ad. sk. F. B.). Wasa. Denkera (H. T. Ussher). Gaboon ( Walker). Sir R. Burton & Capt. Cameron [P.]. Shelley Coll. Sharpe Coll. O. EURYSTOMffS. 33 4. Eurystomus orientalis. (Plate II.fig. 1.) Le Ptollier des Indes, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 75, pi. 7. fig. 2 (1700) ; Daubent. PI. Enl. iii. pi. 619: Month. Nat. Hist. Ois. iii. p. 147 (1775). v Coracias orientalis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 159 (17G6) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 379 (1788); Baffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 302 (1820). Oriental Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 411 (1781). Le Eolle a gorge bleue, Levaill Ois. de Farad. Rolliers, p. 183, pi. 36 (1806;. Eurystomus orientalis, Steph.in Shale's Ge)i. Zool. vii. p. 403 (1809) ; Swains. An. in Menag. p. 326 (3837); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); Bp. Consp. i. p. 168 (1850); Reichenb. Ilandb., Merop. p. 54, Taf. 437.figs. 3195, 3196,3197 (1852) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 267; Horsf. <$• Moore, Cat. B. Mm. F.I Co. i. p. 121 (1854); Cab. $> Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 120 (1860) ; Pelz. Beis. Novara, Vog. p. 42 (1865) ; Schl. Mus. Paijs-Bas, Ooraces, p. 139 (1867, pt.); Gray, Hand-l. B. I p. 76, no. 906 (1869); Blanford, Ibis, 1870, p. 465 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1871, p. 204 (pt.) ; Walden 8? Layard, Ibis, 1872, p. 100; Walden, Ibis, 1873, p. 108; Ball, Str. F. i. p. 57 (1873); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 164 (1874); Walden, Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 152 (1875); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 105 (1874) ; Blyth # Wald. B. Burm. p. 72 (1875); Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 7; Wardlaio Ramsay, t. e. p. 457; Hume § Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 72 (1878); Tiraut, Ois. Basse-Cochinchine, p. 99 (1879); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 240; id. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 332 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85 (1879;; Bingham, t. c. p. 193; id. op. cit. ix. p. 153 (1880) ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p 508 (1880); Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 373; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793; Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 67; Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 70 (1883); Snellem. in Veth's MiddenrSumatra, Vog. p. 37 (1885); Buttik. Notes Leyden Mus. ix. p. 41 (1887); Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 43 (1888); Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 197; Blasius, Ornis, 1888, p. 579; Sharpe, Ibis, 1889, p. 21; Whitehead, t. c. p. 45; Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, p. 60 (1889) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 21; id. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 550; Steere, List B. 8f Mamm. Philipp. p. 9 (1890); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests fy Fggs Ind. B. iii. p. 57 (1890, pt.). Colaris orientalis, Cuv. Begne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817); Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 162 (i820). Eurystomus cyanicollis, Vieill. t. c. p. 425 (1819); id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 176, pi. iii. (1825); Bp. Consp. i. p. 188 (1850).. Eurystomus fuscicapillus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist Nat xxix. p. 426 (1819). Colaris cyanicollis, Wagl. Syst. Av. Colaris, sp. 4 (1827). Colaris garrula (nee X.), Gii&rin-M&nev. Iconogr. Begne Anim. pi. 22. fig. 2 (1829-38). Eurystomus paciiicus (nee Lath.), Motl.fyDilho. N H.Labuan, p. 11 (1855). Adult male. General colour above bluish green, with an oily-green shade on the mantle and upper back; lesser wing-coverts like the back, the median and greater coverts brighter and more greenish cobalt; bastard-wing and primary-coverts purplish blue, fringed and tipped with green; quills black, the primaries with a large patch of silvery cobalt near the base, the inner secondaries green like the back; upper tail-coverts like the back; tail-feathers black, externally washed with purplish blue for half the distance, greenish blue near VOL. XVII. D CORACTIDJE. the extreme base of the centre feathers; the terminal half of the tail black * ; crown of head sooty black, with a slight greenish wash; lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and chin black, the cheeks and hinder ear-coverts washed with green like the sides of the neck ; throat purplish blue, with mesial streaks of paler and more cobalt- blue ; fore neck and remainder of under surface of body greenish bine, more decidedly green on the fore neck and chest; under wing- coverts and axillaries also greenish blue: " bill, legs, and feet deep vermilion ; tip of bill black ; iris dark brown ; gape yellowish " (E. W. Oates). Total length 11 inches, culrnen 1*1, wing 7*5, tail 3-8, tarsus 0*7. Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 10-5 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 7*2, tail 3*9, tarsus 0*65. Young. Differs from the adult in being duller in colour and in having a black bill, and in wanting the bright blue patch on the throat, which is greenish, a little duller than the abdomen. Hab. Islands of Bay of Bengal; Burmese countries north to Cachar, down the Malayan Peninsula to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines. a, b, c. <$ ad.; d,Port Blair, S. Andamans, Aug. Plume Coll. e. J ad. sk. ( W. Davison). / c? ad.; g. $ Port Blair, June, Aug. (R. J. Dr.E.B.Sharpe[P.]. juv. sk. Wimberley). h. <$ ad.; i, 7c. $Port Blair, July, Aug. (JR. J. Tweeddale Coll. irnm. sk. W.). I, m. c? ad.; n. Port Mouat, Jan., April (W. Hume Coll. % ad. sk. Davison). o,p,q. d ad.; r. Mount Harriet, Dec. (TV. D.). Hume Coll. 2 juv. sk. s. Ad. sk. Nicobar Islands. Tweeddale Coll. t. Ad. sk. Cachar (J. Inglis). Hume Coll. u. Ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu. W. T. Blanford.Esq. [P.]. v. S ad. sk. Zanee River, Tenasserim, Feb. Hume Coll. (C. T. Bing7iam). w. 2 ad. sk. Mergui, Jan. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll. x. ff'- 6 ad.; h', t i\ $ ad. sk. k'f I'. cS ad.; m'. 2 ad. sk. »', o'. c?2 ad. sk. y , ?'. S ad. sk. r'. Ad. sk. s'. Ad. sk. *'. Ad. sk. u', v'. S ad.; to'. 2 ad.sk. x', y\z\ tfad. et ad. et juv. sk. e". Ad. sk. /". Ad. sk. f. Ad. sk. h", *'". 6 $ ad. sk £", /". Ad. sk. m", n". Ad. sk. o". Ad. sk. j?". Ad. sk. q". Ad. sk. r". 2 ad. sk. s", t". $ J ad. sk. w", v". 3 2 ad. sk. w". $ ad. sk. x". Ad. sk. y". Ad. sk. z",a\ c? 5 ad.sk. b\ $ ad. sk. c3. 2 ad. sk. d3 . $ ad. sk, e3. <$ ad. sk. f3. 2 ad. sk. gz. £ ad. sk A3. S ad. sk. t3, h\